"!*  >•' 
V
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF  MEDICINE


             Bethesda, Maryland
From QUEEN CITY
   BOOK CO.
 7 W. Seventh St.
Cincinnati.  - Ohio 
 
J
\Y
 
     DUNGLISON'S
MEDICAL  DICTIONAKY
V, ■«- 
                  WORKS  BY THE SAME AUTHOR,
                           I.  (Just  Issued.)

          HUMAN   PHYSIOLOGY:
Mlt\  |tto  Jmrtrrt  an*  fl]irtj-tto0  $mUnmt |llnstrafos an poo.
      EIGHTH  EDITION,REVISED, MODIFIED, AND  ENLARGED.
  7« Ch>o tor^e a?id handsome octavo volumes, of about 1500 pages; leather, price, $7.
  Iu preparing the present edition, "no paius
have been spared to make the work a complete
expression of  the  science of the day."   This
statement our own examination of the work en-
ables  us to confirm; every page of it testifying
to the  author's industry in culling from various
quarters and sources all that was valuable  in the
physiological contributions to science of the last
few years.  The careful  and scrutinizing spirit
exhibited by the writer when investigating mooted
questions, the extensive information he possesses
of general science in almost every department,
and the clear and happy style in which he pre-
sents his views, render his Physiology one of the
most reliable and attractive works in our language.
To the practitioner and general reader, we can
heartily recommend it as an excellent resume of
the present state of physiological science.  As a
text-book for the student, we think it has no su-
perior in our language, and for this object we
presume it was chiefly, if not expressly written.—
Med. Examiner, Oct., 1856.
                     II. (Now  Ready,  July, 1857.)

GENERAL THERAPEUTICS  AND MATERIA'MEDICA:
   ADAPTED  FOR  A  MEDICAL  TEXT-BOOK.
         WITH  ABOUT  TWO  HUNDRED  ILLUSTRATIONS
                 SIXTH EDITION, REVISED AND IMPROVED.
     In two very handsome octavo volumes, of about WOO pages ; leather, price $6.
  The most complete and satisfactory exponent
of the  existing state of Therapeutical  Science,
within the moderate limits of a text-book, of any
hitherto published.  What gives the work a su-
perior value, in our judgment, is the happy blend-
ing of Therapeutics and Materia Medica, as they
are or  ought to be taught in all our Medical
schools; going  no further into the  nature and
commercial history of drugs than is indispensable
for the medical student. This gives to the treatise
a clinical and practical character, calculated to
benefit, in the highest degree, both students and
practitioners.  We shall adopt it as a text-book
for our  classes, while pursuing this  branch of
medicine, and shall be happy to learn that it haa
been adopted as such in all of our medical insti-
tutions.—The N. Y. Journal of Medicine.
                           III. (Just Issued.)

                 NEW   REMEDIES:

WITH FORMULA FOR THEIR PREPARATION  AND ADMINISTRATION.
                   Seventh Edition, with extensive Additions.

           In one very large octavo volume, of 770 pages ; leather, $3.75.

                                      space the novelties and discoveries of the age.
                                      The present edition of this work is considerably
                                      enlarged and improved.  The  author, with his
                                      accustomed accuracy, has elaborated and amplified
                                      many of the articles but casually or imperfectly
                                      treated of in the former editions; and he has also
                                      added considerably to the list  of new remedies.
                                      About thirty new agents, or novel applications
                                      of old remedies, are introduced to the notice of the
                                      reader in this edition. — Va. Med. and Surg. Jour.,
                                      Sept., 1856.
  It may be considered almost a work of super-
erogation to enter into an elaborate criticism of a
work- which has reached its seventh edition.  The
public has pronounced, in the most authoritative
Uianner, its verdict, and we are certainly not dis-
posed in the present instance to dispute its de-
cision.   In truth, such books as this will always
be favorably received by the  Profession of our
country.   They are labor-saving  productions,
which,  at  the expense of  much research and
reading  to  the author, condense in a convenient
IV.
          THE  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE.
A  TREATISE  ON  SPECIAL  PATHOLOGY  AND  THERAPEUTICS.
                    THIRD AND REVISED EDITION.

          In two large octavo volumes, of about 1500pages;- leather,
  The student of medicine will find in these two
elegant volumes a mine of facts, a gathering of
5.25.
precepts and advice from the world of experience,
that will nerve him "with courage, and faithfully
direct him in his efforts to relieve the physical suf-
ferings of the race.—Boston Med. and Surg. Jour,
BLANCHARD AND  LEA, PHILADELPHIA. 
MEDICAL  LEXICON.
AluA
DICTIONARY
MEDICAL   SCIENCE
                     CONTAINING


A CONCISE EXPLANATION OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS OF ANATOMY,- PHYSIOLOGY,
   PATHOLOGY, HYGIENE, THERAPEUTICS, PHARMACOLOGY, PHARMACY, SURGERY, OB-
     STETRICS, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, DENTISTRY, Etc.; NOTICES OF CLI-
        MATE. AND OF MINERAL WATERS; FORMULA FOR OFFICINAL?
            EMPIRICAL, AND DIETETIC PREPARATIONS, Etc;
FRENCH AND OTHER SYNONYMES.
                  BY

ROBLET DUNGLISON,  M.D.,  LL.D.,
     PROFESSOR OP THE INSTITUTES OF II E D IC I NE , E TC,
        IN TEE JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE
              OF PHILADELPHIA.
REVISED AND VERY GREATLY ENLARGED.
J
      PHILADELPHIA:
BLANCHARD  AND LEA,
            1860. 

                   Entered, according to Act of  Congress, in the year 1857, hy
                              BLANCHARD  AND  LEA
in the Clerk's Offi<"» «»f *h«> restrict Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

                                    COIaLINS, printer 
PREFACE.
  Un this  new edition of his "Medical Lexicon," the  author has bestowed
more  than  usual  labour.   It is  not more than four years since a friendly re-
viewer,  in  one of the most learned  of  European medical periodicals,  (the
"British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Beview" for July, 1853, p. 205,)
in noticing a former edition, remarked, that the labour which had been bestowed
upon the work had "been something prodigious;" adding — "the work, how-
ever, has been now done,  and we  are happy in the thought,  that no  human
being will  have again to undertake  the same  gigantic task.  Revised  and
corrected from time to time, Dr. Dunglison's 'Medical  Lexicon' will last for
centuries.''
  Yet, in the present  edition, not only has the work been  "revised and  cor-
rected," but about six  thousand subjects and terms have been added, which are
not to be found in  the  one noticed  by the "British and  Foreign."  Many of
these  have been  introduced into medical terminology in consequence of the
progress of the science; whilst others had escaped the  author in the previous
editions.  These  additions have necessarily required a great amount of labour,
which—as on every former occasion of the kind—has been cheerfully bestowed,
in order that the work  might be rendered still more worthy of  the vast favour
which it has experienced.   It has ever been the anxious desire of the  author to
make it a satisfactory and desirable—if not indispensable—lexicon, in which the
student  may search without disappointment for every term that has been legiti •
mated  in the nomenclature of  the science;  and  the present very carefully
revised, greatly enlarged, and accurately printed edition cannot fail to be more
extensively useful, and  to offer stronger claims to the attention of the practi-
tioner and student, than any of its predecessors.
  The author is grateful for the opportunity again afforded him  of expressing
his  acknowledgments  for the  reception  which the Dictionary has met  with
everywhere  from the profession.
                                                ROBLEY DTTNGLISON
  Philadelphia, 1116 Gibard St.
     July,  1857.
                                                              (5) 
            PREFACE

TO  THE  SECOND  EDITION.
   The present undertaking was suggested by the frequent complaints, made by the
author's pupils, that they were unable to meet with information on numerous topics
of professional inquiry,—especially of recent introduction,—in the medical diction-
aries accessible to them.
   It may, indeed, be correctly  affirmed, that we have  no  dictionary of medical
Bubjects and terms which can be looked upon as adapted to the state of the science.
In proof of this, the author need but  remark,  that he has found  occasion to add
several thousand medical terms,  which are not to be met with in the  only medical
lexicon at this  time in circulation in the country.
   The present edition will be found to contain many hundred more terms than the
first, and to have experienced numerous additions and modifications.
   The author's object has not been to make the work a  mere lexicon or dictionary
of terms, but to afford, under each, a condensed view of its various medical relations,
and thus to render the work an epitome of the existing condition of medical science.
In its preparation, he has freely availed himself of the English, French, and German
works  of the  same  nature, and has endeavored to add every subject and term  of
recent  introduction, which has  fallen  under his notice; yet, with all his care, it
will doubtless be found that subjects have been omitted.   The numerous additions,
however, which he has made, and his  strong  desire to be  useful, " by removing
rubbish and clearing obstructions from the paths  through  which learning and genius
press forward  to  conquest and glory," will, he  trusts, extenuate these  and other
objections  that might be urged against the work;  especially when  the toil, which
every compiler of a dictionary must endure, is taken into consideration; a toil which
nas been so forcibly depicted by the great English Lexicographer, as well as by the
listinguished Scaliqer :
                 "Si quelqu'un a commis quelque crime odieux,
                   S'il a tug son pere, ou blaspheme" les Dieux,
                   Qu'il fasse un Lexicon: s'il est supplice au monde
                   Qui le punisae mieux, je veux  que Ton  me tonde." 
EXPLANATION.
  If the simple synonymy of any term be needed, a mere reference to the term
may be sufficient; but if farther information be desired, it may be obtained under
the term referred to.  For example, the French word  Tronc  is said to be
synonymous with Trunk.  This may be  sufficient for  the inquirer: should it
not, the requisite information may be found by turning to Trunk.
ABBREVIATIONS ARBITRARILY EMPLOYED.
Arab.	Arabic.	P.	Portuguese.	
Ch.	Chaussier.	Ph. D.	Pharmacopoeia	of Dublin.
D.	Dutch.	Ph. E.	<<	Edinburgh. ■
Da.	Danish.	Ph. L.	tt	London.
E.	English.	Ph. P.	K	Paris.
F.	French.	Ph. U. S	tt	of the Uni-
F. or Fah.	Fahrenheit.			ted Statea
Fam.	Family.			of America.
0.	German.	PI.	Plural.	
Heb.	Hebrew.	Prov.	Provincial.	
I.	Italian.	R.	Reaumur.	
Imp. meas.	Imperial measure.	S.	Spanish.	
Ir.	Irish.	s.g.	Specific Gravity.	
L.	Latin.	Sax*	Anglo-Saxon.	i
Linn.	Linnaeus.	Sc.	Scottish.	
Nat. Ord.	Natural Order.	Sex. Syst	. Sexual System.	
Old Eng.	Old English.	Sw.	Swedish.	
Ord.	Order.	Yulg.	Vulgarly.	
(7) 
 
DICTIONAKY
MEDICAL    SCIENCE.
A.
A
  A, before a consonant; An before a vowel, a, av,
have, in the compound medical terms, a privative
or debasing signification, like that of the particles
in, im,  un, ir, in English. Thus: Stheni'a means
strength; Astheni'a, want of strength; Anosmia,
want of blood, etc.  Occasionally, in  compound
words,  they have an intensive meaning.
  AACHEN, Aix-la-Chapelle.
  A, or XI.  See Abbreviation.
  AANDE, Breath.
  AARZHIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. A. is
in the  canton  of Berne, in Switzerland.  The
chief spring contains chlorides  of  calcium and
sodium, sulphates  of lime  and soda, oxyd of
iron, and sulphohydric acid gas.
  AASMUS, Anhelatio.
  ABACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. A hydro-
sulphuretted saline spring not far from Ratisbon
or Regentsberg, in Bavaria.
  ABAISSEMENT, Depression; a. de la Cata-
raete, see Cataract—a. de la Matriee, Prolapsus
uteri.
  ABAISSEUR DE L'AILE  DU NEZ, De-
pressor alae  nasi—a. de Vangle des Ikvres, De-
pressor anguli oris—a. de la llvre  infirieure,
Depressor labii  inferioris—a. de la langue, Glos-
gocatochus—a. de la machoire inferieure, Digas-
tricus—a. de I'oeil,  Rectus inferior oculi.
  ABALIENATIO MENTIS, Insanity.
  ABALIENA'TUS. Corrup'tus, Corrupted; from
ab, and alienua, 'different.'  Membra abaliena'ta.
Limbs  dead or benumbed. — Celsus,  Scribonius
Largus.
  ABANGA. Name given by the inhabitants of
St. Thomas to the fruit of a palm tree, the seeijs
of which they consider very useful  in  diseases
of the  chest, in the dose of three or four, two or
three times a day.
  ABAPTIST'A. Abaptis'ton or Abaptis''turn, from
a, privative,  and 0axTi£ttv, 'to plunge.'  A term
applied to. the old trepan, the conical shape of
wb;ch  prevented it from plunging suddenly jUS
the cavity of the cranium.                  w
  ABAPTISTON, Abaptista.                 -'
  ABAPTISTUM, Abaptista.
  ABAREMO-TEMO.  A Brazilian tree, which
grows  in the mountains, and appears  to be  a
mimosa.  Piso relates that the  decoction of its
bark, which  is bitter and astringent, was applied
in that country to ulcers of a bad character.
  ABARNAHAS, Magnesia.                f
  ABARTICULATIO,  Dia/throsis, and  Synar-
-throsis.
  A BATA RDISSEMENT, Degeneration.
  ABATTEMENT, Prostration.
        1
           ABBREVIATION

  ABATTIS, Giblets.
  ABBECOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
chalybeate spring, six  leagues  from  Paris,  and
one from Poissy.  It was once much frequented,
but is now abandoned.
  ABBEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. An
acidulous chalybeate at Abbeville, in the depart-
ment of Somme, France.
  ABBREVIATION, Abbrevia'tio, Brachyn'sis,
Brachys'mos, Abbreviatu'ra.  (F.) Abriviation,
from brevis,  'short.' Abbreviations are chiefly
used in medicinal  formulae   They  are by no
means  as  frequently employed now  as  of  old,
when every article  had its appropriate symbol.
The following are  some of the abbreviations
which have been or are employed:
  R. Recipe, Take.
  A. aa, ana, (ava) utriusque, of each.
  Abdom. Abdomen.
  Abs. Febr. Absente febre, In the absence of
fever.
  Ad. or Add. Adde or addatur.
  Ad. Lib. Ad libitum, At pleasure.
  Admov.  AJmoveatur, Let it be applied.
  Altern. Hor. Alternis horis, Every other hour.
  Alv. Adstrict.  Alvo adstrictd, The bowels
being confined.
  Aq. Aqua, Water.
  Aq. Bull. Aqua  bulliens, Boiling water.
  Aq. Comm. Aqua communis, Common water.
  Aq. Ferv. Aqua  fervent, Hot water.
. .'• Aq. Font. Aqua fotitis, Spring water.
  ' Aq. Marin. Aqua marina,  Sea water.
  ..'B. A. Balneum arena, A sand-bath.
  Sals. Balsamum, Balsam.
  BB. BBDS. Barbadensis, Barbadoes.
  BlB.  Bibe, Drink.
  Bis IND. Bis indies, Twice  daily.
  B. M. Balneum marice, (F.) Bain marie, A water
bath.
  Bool. Bolus.
  Bull. Bvtlliat, Let it boil.
  But. Butyrum, Butter.
  B. V. Balfft&m vaporis, A vapour bath.
  C. Congius^ gallon.
  CjBRUL. C&ljfleus, Blue.
  Cap. Capiat,^itt him take.
  C C Cornu cirvi, Hartshorn.
  C C. U. Cornu eervi ustum, Burnt hartshorn
  C. M. Cras mani, To-morrow morning.
  0. N. Cras node, To-morrow night.
  C. V. Cras vespejre, To-morrow evening.
  Cochl.  Cochleate, A  spoonful.
  Cochl.  Ampl.  Cochleare  amplum,  A  larg*
spoonful.
                               (17) 
ABBREVIATION            18            ABBREVIATION
  Cochl.  Inp.  Cochleare  infantum,  A  child's
spoonful.
  Cochl.  Mod. or Med. Cochleare  modicum or
medium, A dessert-spoonful.
  Cochl. Parv. Cochlea repurvutn, A tea-spoonful.
  Col.  Cola, and  Colatura, Strain, and to the
strained.
  Co MP.  Compositus, Compound.
  Conf.  Confectio, Confection.
  Cons.  Conserva, Conserve.
  C»nt.  Continnetur, Let it be continued.
  Coq. Coque, Boil.
  Cort.  Cortex, Bark.
  Crast. Crastinus, For to-morrow.
  Cu.i.  Cujus, Of which.
  Cuji'sl. Cujuslibet, Of any.
  Cyath. Cyathus, A glassful.
  Cyath. The*:, A cup  of tea.
  D.  Dosis, A dose.
  D.  et  S. Detur  et signetur (placed  at the end
 »f a prescription).
  D. D.  Detur ad. Let it be given in or to.
  Deaur. Pil. Deauretur pilula, Let the pill be
 gilded.
  Deb. Spiss.  Debita spissitudo, A  due consist-
 ence.
  Dec. Decanta,  Pour off.
  Decub. Decubitus, Lying down, going to bed.
  De D. in D.  De die in diem, From day to day.
  Dej. Alv.  Dejectiones alvi, Alvine evacuations.
  Dep. Depuratus, Purified.
  Dest.  Destilla, Distil.
  Det. Detur,  Let it be given.
  Dieb. Altern. Diebus alter ais, Every other day.
  Dieb.  Tert.  Diebus tertiis, Every third day.
  Dig.  Digeratur.  Let it be  digested.
  Dil. Dihttui, Dilute.
  Dim.  Dimidius,  One-half.
  Div.  Divide, Divide.
  Donec Alv. Solct. Fuer.   Donee alvus soluta
 fuerit, Until the bowels are opened.
  Drach. Drachma, A  drachm.
  Ejusd. Ejusdem, Of the  same.
  Enem.  Enema,  A clyster.
  Exhib. Exhibeatur. Let it be exhibited.
  Ext. super Alut. Extende super alutam, Spread
 upon leather.
  F.  Fiat, Let it be made.
  F. Pil. Fiat pilula. Make  into a pill.
  F. Ven.es. or F. VS. Fiat veneesectio, Let bleed-
 ing be performed.
  Feb. Dur  Febre durante, The fever continuing.
  Fem. Intern. Femoribus  internis, To the inside
 of the thighs.
   Fist. Armat. Fistula armata, A bag and pipe
 —a clyster pipe and bladder fitted for use.
   Fl.  Fluidus, and Flores, Fluid, and Flowers.
   Frust. Frustillatim,  In small pieces.
   Gel. Quavis. Gelatind qudvis, In any kind of
 jelly.
   G. G.  G.  Gummi guttcB Gambia, Gamboge.
   Gr. Granum, A grain.
   Gt. Gutta, A drop.  Gtt. Gutta,  Drops.
   Gtt. or Gutt. Quibusd. Guttis quibusdam, With
 some drops.
   Gum.  Gummi, Gum.
   Guttat. Guttatim, By drops.
   Hor. Decub. Hord decubitus, At bed-time.
   Hor.  Inte'rm.  Horis  intermediie, At interme
 diate hours.
   H. S.  Hord somni, At bed-time.
   Inp.  Infunde, Infuse.
   Ind.  Indies, Daily.
  In.i. Enem. Injiciatur enema, Let  a clyster be
 given.
   In Pulm.  In pulmento, In gruel.
  Jul.  Julepus, A julep.
  Lat. Dol.  Lateri doleuti, To the pained side
  Lb. and Lib. Libra, A pound  weight.
  Lib. Llb.  Libra, Pounds.
  LiQ.  Liquor.
  M. Mxsce, Mix.
  Mac.  Macera, Macerate.
  Man.  Manipulus, A handful.
  Man.  Prim, haniprimo, Early in the morning,
  Mic. Pan.  Mica panis, Crumb of bread;
  Min.  Minimum, The 60th part of a drachm bj
measure.
  Mitt. Mitte, Send.
  Mitt. Sang.  Mittatur  sanguis, Let blood be
drawn.
  Mod.  Prescript.  Modo  prascripto, In  the
manner  directed.
  Mor.  Sol.  More solito, In the usual manner.
  Muc  Mucilago, Mucilage.
  N. M. Nnx moschata, Nutmeg.
  0. Octarius, A pint.
  Ol. Oleum, Oil.
  0l. Lini, S. I. Oleum lini sine igne, Cold-drawn
linseed oil.
  Omn.  Bid.  Omni biduo, Every two days.
  Omn.  Bih.  Omni bihorio, Every two hours.
  Omn.  Hor. Omni hord, Every hour.
  Omn.  Man. Omni manl, Every morning.
  Omn.  Nocte, Every night.
  Omn.  Quadr. Hor.  Omni  quadrante  horat,
Every quarter of an hour.
  0. 0.  0.  Oleum olives optimum, Best olive oil.
  Ov. Ovum, An egg.
  Ox. Oxymel.
  Oz. Uncia, An ounce.
  P. Pondere, By  weight, and Pars, A part.
  P. and Pug. Pugillus, A pugil.
  P. M. Partes aquales, Equal  parts.
  Part. Vic. Partitis vicibus, In divided doses.
  Peract. Op. Emet. Peractd opemtione emetivi,
The operation of the emetic being over.
  Pil.  Pilula, A pill.  Pil. or  Pill.  Pilula,
Pills.
  Post. Sing.  Sed.  Liq.  Post  singula* sedes
liquidas, After every liquid evacuation.
  Pot.  Potio, A potion.
  P. P.  Pulvis patrum, Jesuits' bark.
  P. Rat. JEtat. Pro ratione atatis, According
to the age.
  P. R.  N. Pro re natd, As occasion may be.
  Pulv. Pulvis, A powder.
  Q. P.  Quantum placeat, As much as may please.
  Q. S.  Quantum sufficit, As much as is sufficient.
  Quor. Quorum, Of which.
  Q. V.  Quantum volueris, As much as you wish.
  Rad.  Radix, Root.
  Ras.  Rasura, Shavings.
  Rect. Rectificatus, Rectified.
  Red.  or Redig. in Pulv.  Redactus in pulve-
rem, or Redigatur in pulverem, Powdered, or Lei
it be powdered.
  Reg.  Umbil.  Regio umbilici,  The umbilical
region.
  Repet.  Repetatur, Let it be repeated.
  S. A.  Secundum artem, According to art.
  Sem.  Semen, Seed.
  Semi-dr.  Semi-drachma, half a draohm.
  Semi-h. Semi-hora, Half an hour.
  Serv. Serva, Keep, preserve.
  Sesquih.  Sesquihora, An hour and a half.
  Sesunc. Sesuncia, An ounce  and a half.
  Si Non Val. Si non valeat, If it does not answer.
  Si Op. Sit. Si opus sit, If there be need.
  Si Vir. Perm. Sivirespermittant, If the strength
will permit.
  Sing. Singulorum, Of each.
  Solv. Solve, Dissolve.
  Sp. and Spir. Spiritus, Spirit
  Ss. Semi, One half.
  St. Stet, Let it stand.
  Sub Fin.  Coct.  Sub fnem coctionis, Towards
the end of the boiliner. 
ABCES
19
ABDUCTOR
   Sum. Sumat, Let him take;  also, Summitates,
 The tops.
   S. V. Spiritus vini, Spirit of wine.
   S.  V.  R. Spiritus vini  rectificatus, Rectified
 spirit of wine.
   S. V. T. Spiritus vini tenuior, Proof spirit of wine.
   Syr. Syrupns, Syrup.
   Temp.  Dext. Tempori  dextro,  To  the right
 temple.
   T. 0.  Tinctura opii, Tincture of opium.
   Tr., Tra. and Tinct. Tinctura, Tincture.
   Trit. Tritura, Triturate.
   V. 0. S.  or Vit. Ov. Sol.  Vitello ovi solutus,
 Dissolved in the yolk of an egg.
   VS. Venasectio, Venesection.
   Z.Z. Anciently myrrh: now zinziber or ginger.
   lb, Libra, A pound.  1ft). Pounds.
   3, Uncia, An ounce.
   f §, Fluiduncia, A fluidounce.
   3. Drachma, A drachm.
   f 3> Fluidrachma, A fluidrachm.
   y, Scrupulum, A scruple.
   ffll, Minimum, A minim.
   ss, Semissis, or half; iss, one and a half.
   j, one; ij, two; iij, three; iv,  four, Ac.   See
 Symbol.
   The same system is not always followed in ab-
 breviating.  The subjoined will exhibit the usual
 mode:
   R
     In fits.  Colomb.                  fjfiss
     Tinct.  Gent. comp.              f £i
     Syr. Gort. Aurant.              fJ5ss
     Tinct.  caps.                     gtt.  xl. M.
 Capt. coch. ij. p. r. n.                    4
   This, written at length, is as follows:
 Recipe
     Infusi Colomba  sesqui-fluidunciam.
     Tinctura Gentiana Oomposita fluidrachmam.
     Syrupi Cbrticis  Aurantiorum seini-fluidrach-
            mam.
     Tinctura  Capsici guttas quadraginta.
       Misce.
         Capiat cochlearia duo pro re nata.
   In the United States the  directions  are always
 written in English.
   ABCES, Abscess—a. Aigu, see Abscess.
   ABCES EN BOUTON DE CHEMISE, Shirt-
 button or Shirt-stud Abscess. A deep-seated mam-
 mary abscess, following the septa of the breast,
 and appearing under the skin, so as eventually to
 give rise to one or more subcutaneous abscesses,
 without losing the original character of submam-
 mary suppuration.   A cavity exists between  the
 integuments and the gland—another, larger, be-
 tween the mamma and the chest—the two com-
 municating by a passage, which is generally nar-
 row—the whole having the exact appearance of a
 s h irt- stu d.—Velpeau.
   ABCES  CHAUD, see Abscess—a. Chronique,
 see  Abscess—a. par Congestion,  see Abscess—
 o.  Consecutif,  Abscess, metastatic—a. Diathisi-
 que, see Abscess—a. Froid, see Abscess—a. M&-
 tastatiquc, Abscess, metastatic—a. Ritro-utirine,
 see Retro-uterine—a. Scrofuleux, see Abscess,—a.
 Soudain,  see Abscess.
   ABDO'MEN, from abdere, 'to  conceal;'  be-
 cause it conceals the  viscera;  by some, fancifully
 presumed to be from abdere,  'to  conceal,' and
 omentum,  ' the  caul.'   From abdo is formed abdo-
 vten, as from lego, legumen.  Etron,  Hypogas'trion,
 Physce, Hypocce'lium, Epis'chion, Lap'ara,  Hy-
 pochoi'lion, Gaater, Hypou'trion, Nedys, Neia'ra,
 Nei'ra,  Abdu'men, Venter,  Venter imus,  Venter
 in'fimus,  Alvus,  IPterus,  The  belly, (Sc.) Kyte,
 Penche, Weam, (Prov.) Baggie, Hag, Wem, Pooh,
 (F.) Ventre,  V. infirieur, Ban ventre.  The larg-
est of  the three splanchnic cavities,  bounded.
 above, by the diaphragm ;  below, by the pelvis ;
 behind, by the lumbar vertebrae ; and at the hides
 and fore part, by muscular expansions. It  is  dis-
 tinguished into three anterior regions, from  above
 to below; viz. the epigastric, umbilical, and  hypo-
 gastric, each of which is itself divided into three
 others, one middle, and two lateral: thus,  the
 epigastric  region comprises the epigastrium  and
 hypochondria ; the umbilical, the  umbilicus  and
 /tanks or lumbar regions; and the hypogastric,
 the hypogastrium and iliac regions.   None of
 these  regions has its limits well defined.   The
 chief viscera contained in the cavity of the abdo-
 men, Cce'lia, Cavum Abdom'inis, are the stomach,
 intestines, liver,  spleen, pancreas, kidneys,  <tc.
 It is lined by the peritoneum.
   Abdomen, Pendulous, Physconia.
   ABDOM'INAL, Abdomina'lis, Ventra'Ks, Ven-
 tral.  That which  belongs  to  the  Abdomen, as
 abdominal, muscles, abdominal viscera,  dec.
   ABDOMINIS   EXPLORATIO,  Abdommos-
 copia.
   ABDOMINOSCOP'IA,  Gastroscop'ia,  Lapa-
 roscop'ia, Abdom'inis  Explora'tio.   Abdoii'inos-
 copy.  A hybrid  word, from abdomen,  the lower
 belly,' and anonm, ' I view.'  Examination  of the
 lower belly as a means of diagnosis.   See Aus-
 cultation.
   ABDOM'INOUS, Ventrio'sus, Ventr ,'sus, from
 abdomen, 'the belly.' Big-bellied, Big-puunched,
 Ventrip'otent.  Having a large abdomen.
   ABDUCENS LABIORUM, Levator anguli oris.
   ABDUCENTES, Motor oculi externus.
   ABDUCTEUR DE L'CETL, Rectus externus
 oculi — a. de Voreille, Abductor  auris — a.  du
 gros orteil, Abductor pollicis pedis—a. du petit
 orteil, Abductor minimi digiti pedis—a. court du
 pouce, Abductor pollicis  brevis—a. long dupouce,
 Abductor longus  pollicis.
   ABDUCTION, Abduc'tio,  from abdncere, to
 separate, (06 and dncere, ' to lead.') The move-
 ment which separates a limb or other part from
 the axis of the body.
   The word has also been used synonymously
 with Abrup'tio, Apag'ma, Apoclas'ma,  a fracture
 near the articular extremity of a bone,  with sepa-.
 ration of the fragments.
   ABDUCTOR, same etymon.  (F.) Abducteur.
 A muscle which moves certain  parts by separat-
 ing them from the axis of the body.
   Abductor Aurtcularis, Abductor  auris — a.
 Indicis pedis, Prior indicis pedis, Posterior indicia
 pedis — a« Medii digiti pedis, Prior medii  digiti
 pedis — a. Minimi digiti, Flexor  parvus minimi
 digiti — a. Minimi digiti, Prior  minimi digiti—a.
 Oculi, Rectus externus oculi — a. Pollicis manus,
 and a. Brevis  alter, Abductor pollicis brevis.
  Abductor Auris, Abductor auricula'ris.   (F.)
 Abducteur de Voreille.  A portion of the posterior
 auris,  whose  existence  is not constant, which
 passes from the mastoid process to the  concha.
  ABDUCTOR IN'DICIS, Semi-interos'seus in'dicis.
 A muscle which arises from the os trapezium and
 metacarpal  bone of the thumb, and is inserted
 into the first bone of the forefinger.  Its use is to
 bring the  forefinger towards the thumb.
  Abductor Min'imi Dig"iti, Carpo-phalan'geus
 min'imi digiti, Carpn-phalangien du petit  doigt,
 Exten'sor ter'tiiinterno'dii minimi digiti—(Dou-
 glas.)   Hypoth'enar  minor  metacarpals.    See
 Flexor parvus.  It originates, fleshy, from the os
 pisiforme, and from the annular ligament near
 it;  and is inserted, tendinous, into the  inner side
 of the base of the first bone of the little finger.
 Use, to draw the little finger from the rest.
  Abductor  Minimi  Digiti  Pedis, Calco-sub-
 phalangeus  minimi digiti, Calcaneo-phalangien
du petit orteil, Parath'enar  majoi—(By  Wins-
low, the muscle is divided into twi> portions,— 
ABDUMEN
20
ABOMASUS
Parathenar major and  metatarseus.)  Calcaneo-
tous-phalangien du petit orteil—(Ch.)  (F.) Ab-
ducteur du petit orteil.   This muscle forms the
outer margin of the  sole of the foot, and is im-
mediately beneath the  plantar aponeurosis.  It
arises, tendinous and fleshy, from the outer side
of the protuberance  of the os calcis, and  from
the root of the metatarsal  bone of the little toe,
and is inserted into the  outer part of the root of
the first bone of the  little toe.  Use, to draw the
little toe outwards.
  Abductor Pol'licts  Brevis, Abductor Polli-
cis  Manns, Scapho-carpo-super-phalangeus Pol-
licis, Sus-phalangien du pouce, A. pollicis manus
and  A. brevis alter—(Albinus.)   (F.) Abducteur
court du pouce, Carpo-sus-phalangien du pouce—
f Ch.) A short, flat, triangular muscle, which arises
from the anterior surface of the os  scaphoides and
the annular ligament of the carpus, and termi-
nates at the  outside of the upper extremity of
the first phalanx of the thumb. A  particular por-
tion, on the inner side of this muscle, is called, by
Albinus, Abductor brevis alter.
  Abductor Longus Pollicis, A.  I.  P. Manus,
Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis mantis, Extensor
primi  internodii — (Douglas,) Extensor  primus
Pollicis, Cubito-radi-sus-metacarpien  du pouce,
Cubito-sus-mitacarpien  du  ponce,— (Ch.)   (F.)
Abducteur long du pouce.  A long,  thin muscle,
arising from  the posterior  surface of the  ulna,
radius, and interosseous ligament,  and inserted at
the outer side of the upper extremity of the first
metacarpal bone.
  Abductor  Pollicis Pedis, Calco-sub-phalan-
gcus Pollicis.   (F.) Abducteur du gros orteil.
This muscle arises, fleshy, from the  anterior and
inner part of the protuberance of the os calcis,
and tendinous from the same bone where it joins
with the os naviculare.  It is inserted, tendinous,
into the internal os sesamoideum and root of the
first bone of the great toe.  Use, to pull the  great
toe from the rest.
  The name Abductor has been given also  to all
those interosseous muscles of the  hand and foot,
which  perform the motion of abduction  on the
fingers or toes, and to muscles which execute the
same function on other parts of the body.
  ABDUMEN, Abdomen.
  ABEBiE'03, from a, neg., and  0c0aios, 'firm,'
Infir'mus, Deb'ilis.  Weak, infirm, unsteady.
  ABEILLE. Bee.
  ABELMELUCH.  Oneof the names of the Rici-
nus, according to some authors.—Prosper Alpinus
says that a tree, which grows about  Mecca, is so
called.  Its  seeds, which are black  and oblong,
are said to be a most violent cathartic.
  ABELMOSCHUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus — a.
Moschatus, Hibiscus  abelmoschus.
  ABELMUSK, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
  ABENSBERG, MINERAL. WATERS OF. A.
is a  city of Bavaria, where there  is a cold, sul-
phureous spring.
  ABERRATIO, Aberration — a.  Lactis,  Galac-
toplania—a. Mensium, Menstruation, vicarious—
a. Menstruorum, Menstruation, vicarious.
  ABERRA'TION,  Aberra'tio, from  aberrare,
(ab and errare,) 'to stray,' 'to  wander from.'
This word has several meanings.
  1.  The passage of a fluid of the  living  body
into  an order of vessels not destined for it.  In
this sense it is synonymous with the Error Loci
of Boerhaave.
  2.  The flow of a fluid towards an organ different
from that to which it is ordinarily  directed;  as in
cases  of vicarious  hemorrhage.  Aberrations of
sense or judgment are certain errors in'the percep-
tions, or certain derangements of the intellectual
Acuities.
  The  word is used  in optics to designate the
] dispersion of the rays of light in passing through
a lens.
  Aberration,  Chromatic, Aberration of Re-
frangibility.
  Aberration op Reprangibil'ity, Chromat'io
aberra'tion,  (F.)  Aberration de RSfrangibiliti,
Chromatisme, exists, when, as in a common lens,
the rays that pass near the circumference of the
lens are decomposed, so that a coloured image is
observed.  This aberration in the  human eye is
corrected by the iris, which does not permit the
rays to fall hear the circumference of the lens,
and also by the crystalline  lens  itself,  whieh,
owing to its structure, serves the purposes of  an
achromatic glass.
  Aberration, Spherical, Aberration of sphe-
ricity.
  Aberration op Spheric"ity or epher'ical ab-
erra'tion takes place, when the rays, as in a com-
mon lens, which pass through the centre of the
lens, and those which pass near the circumfer-
ence, are unequally refracted, so that they do not
meet at a common focus.
  This aberration of sphericity, in the human eye
is corrected by the iris and lens.
  ABESSI, Realgar.
  ABEVACUA'TIO, Apoceno'sis,  from ab, and
evacuare, ' to empty.'  An evacuation.  A partial
or imperfect evacuation.  By some it is applied
to an immoderate evacution.—Kraus.
  ABHAL.   A  fruit well  known  in India, and
obtained from a species of cypress.   It passes for
an emmenagogue.
  ABIES, Pinus picea—a. Balsamea, Pinus bal-
sam ea.
  AsTies Balsamifera, Pinus Balsamea—a. Ca-
nadensis, Pinus Canadensis—a. Excelsa, see Pinus
abies — a. Gallica, Pinus picea — a. Larix, Pinus
larix—a. Pectinata, Pinus picea—a, Picea, Pinus
picea—a. Rubra, Pinus rubra.
  ABIGA, Teucrium Chamaepitys.
  ABIOSIS, Death.
  ABIOTOS, Conium maeulatum.
  ABIRRITA'TION, j4&!>>-j<a'(i-e>,frbma&, priva-
tive, and irritatio,' irritation.'   This word strictly
means absence or defect of irritation.  The  disci-
ples of Broussais used it to indicate a pathological
condition, opposite to that of irritation.  It may
be considered as synonymous  with debility, as-
thenia, &c.
  ABLACTATIO, Weaning.
  ABLASTES, Sterile.
  ABLATIO, Extirpation.
  ABLEPH'ARUS,  from  a, privative,  and fi\t-
Qapov,' eyelid.'   One who has no eyelids.
  ABLEPSIA, Caecitas.
  ABLUENTIA, Detergents.
  ABLUENTS, Detergents.
  ABLUTION,  Ablu'tio, Aponip'sis, Cataclys'.
mus, from abluere, (ab  and luere,) ' to wash.'   A
name given  to legal ceremonies  in which the
body is subjected to  particular affusions.  Ablu-
tion (especially of the extremities)  with cold  or
tepid water  is employed, therapeutically,  to re-
duce febrile heat.   Also, the washing by which
medicines are  separated  from the extraneous
matters mixed with them.
  ABNORMAL, Abnormous.
  ABNORxMITY, Anomalia.
  ABNOR'MOUS, Abnor'mis, Enor'mis, Abnor-
mal, (F.) Anormal, from ab, 'from,'  and norma
'rule.'   Not conformable to rule; irregular    '
  ABOLP'TION, AbolV'tio, destruction or* sup-
pression, from  ab and  luere (?) ' to wash.'   A
word, often  employed, especially by the French
to express the complete  suspension of any symp'
tom or function.  Abolition of the sight, e. g. is the
complete loss of sight.
  ABOMA'iUS, Aboma'sum, Enys'tron, Ventric- 
ABOMINATIO
21
ABSCESS
«hu intestina'lis. Rennet,  (Sc.) RoddiJcin,  (F.)
Caillette.  The lowermost or fourth  stomach of
ruminating animals.
  ABOMINATIO,  Disgust.
  ABONDANCE, see Plethora.
  ABORSIO, Abortion.
  ABORSUS, Abortion.
  ABORTICIDIUM, Foeticide.
  ABOR TIF, Abortive.
  ABORTIFACIENS, Abortive.
  ABORTION, Abor'tus, Abor'sus, Abor'sio, Dys-
to'cia aborti'va, Omoto'cia, Paracye'sis abortus,
Amblo'sis, Amblo'ma, Amblos'mus, Ec'bole,  Em-
bryotoc'ia,  Diaph'thora,  Ectro'sis, Examblo'ma,
Examblo'sis, Ectros'mos, Apopalle'sis, Apopal'sis,
Apoph'thora, Phthora, Convul'sio  u'teri, Deper-
di'tio. (F.) Avortement, Blessure, Miscarriage; from
ab and oriri, ' to rise,' applied to that which has
arisen out of season.  The expulsion  of the foetus
before the seventh month of  utero-gestation, or
before it is viable.   The causes of this accident
are referable either to the mother, and particu-
larly to the uterus'; or to the foetus and  its de-
pendencies.  The causes, in the mother, may be:
— extreme nervous susceptibility,  great debility,
plethora, faulty  conformation, <fec.; and it is fre-
quently induced immediately  by intense  mental
emotion, violent exercise, &c.  The causes seated
in the  foetus are its death, rupture of the mem-
branes,  Ac.  It  most frequently occurs between
the 8th  and 12th weeks of gestation. The symp-
toms of abortion are :—uterine hemorrhage  with
or without  flakes  of decidua,  with  intermitting
pain.  When abortion has once taken place, it is
extremely apt to recur in subsequent pregnancies
about the same period.  Some writers have called
abortion, when it  occurs prior to  three months,
Effluxion.   The treatment must vary according
to the constitution of the patient and the oauses
giving rise to it.   In all cases, the horizontal
posture and perfect quietude are indispensable.
  Abortion is likewise applied to the product of
an  untimely birth,—Abor'tus, Abor'sus, Apoble'-
ma, Apob'ole, Ecblo'ma,  Amblothrid'ion, Ectro'-
ma, Fruc'tus immatu'rus, Abortment,  (F.) Avor-
ton, Avortin.
  TO  ABORT, Abori'ri.  To miscarry.  (F.)
Avorter.
  ABOR'TIVE, Aborti'vus, Ecbol'ius, Amblo'ti-
cus, Amblothrid'ium, Ambol'ieus, Phthor'ius, Apo*
phthor'ins,  Ectrot'icus,  Abortifa'ciens,  Acyte'-
rius, ExpeVlens, PhthiroC'tonus, Phthoroc'tonus,
Ecbol'icus, Contrac'tor u'teri, Accelera'tor Partus,
Parturient, Parturifa'cient, Ecbolic.   (F.) Abor-
tif.  A medicine to which is attributed  the  pro-
perty of causing abortion.  There is  probably no
direct agent of the  kind.
  ABORTMENT, Abortion.
  ABORTUS, Abortion.
  ABOUCHEMENT, Anastomosis.
  ABOULAZA, a  tree of Madagascar, used, ac-
cording to  Flacourt, in the practice of the coun-
try, in diseases of the heart.
  ABOUTISSEMENT,  Suppuration.
  ABO YE USES, see Convulsionnaire.
  ABRABAX, Abrasax,  Abraxas.   A  mystic
term, expressing the number  365, to which the
Cabalists attributed miraculous properties.
  ABRACADA'BRA,  Abrasada'bra, the name
of  a Syrian  idol,  according  to  Selden.   This
word, when pronounced and repeated in a certain
form and a certain  number of times,  was  sup-
posed to have the  power  of  curing fevers  and
preventing  many  diseases.  It was  figured on
amulets and worn suspended around the neck.
           ]  i x 3 n n  ■> x
            ixDnnix

              3nmx
                nmx
                 1 X  3 ^ X
                  nix


                      X

  ABRACALAN, A cabalistic term to which the
Jews attributed the same virtue as to the word
Abracadabra.
  ABRASADABRA, Abracadabra.
  ABRASAX, Abrabax.
  ABRA'SION, (Prov.) Fleck, Abra'sio, Aposyr'-
ma, Apoxys'mus, from abradere, (ab and radere,)
' to rasp.'  A superficial excoriation, with loss of
substance, under the form of small shreds, in the
mucous membranes of  the intestines,—(F.) Ra-
clures  des Boyaux. Also an ulceration of  the
skin, possessing similar  characters.   According
to Vicq d'Azyr, the word has been used for  the
absorption of the molecules composing the various
organs.
  ABRATHAN, Artemisia abrotanum.
  ABRAXAS, Abrabax.
  ABRE, Abrus precatorius.
  ABRfiVIATlON, Abbreviation.
  ABRICOT, see Prunus  Armeniaca—o. Sau-
vage, Mammea Americana.
  ABRICOTIER, Prunus Armeniaca.
  ABROSIA, Abstinence.
  ABROTANUM,  Artemisia  abrotanu/n — a.
Cathsum,  Artemisia abrotanum — a.  Mas, Arte-
misia abrotanum.
  ABROTONE, Artemisia abrotanum.
  ABROTONI'TES, (oivog, 'wine,' understood.)
Wine impregnated with Artemisia Abrotanum or
Southernwood.
  ABROTONUM, Artemisia Abrotanum.
  ABRUPTIO, Abduction.
  ABRUS  PRECATO'RIUS,  (from a0pos, 'ele-
gant.') Liq'orice Bush,  Red Bean, Love pea. (F.)
Abre,  Limie  d  riglisse.  A  small  ornamental
shrub,  found from  Florida to Brazil, as well as in
Egypt and the West Indies; Nut. Ord. Legumi-
nosas.  Sex. Syst. Monadelphia Enneandria; hav-
ing beautiful scarlet seeds with a black spot. The
roots and leaves are sweet mucilaginous demul-
cents.  The seeds of the American kind are con-
sidered to be purgative  and poisonous.  They are
employed to form  rosaries, and hence called, in
mockery. Jumble beads.
  ABSCESS, from abscedo, (abs, and cedere,) ' I
depart,' or 'separate from.'  Absces'sus, Absces'-
sio, Aphiste'sis, Apopte'ina, Ecpye'ma,  Ecpye'sis,
Reces'sus,  Impos'thnme,  Gathering.  (Old  Eng.)
Apostemacion,Apost'hume. (Sc.) Hattrel. (Prov.)
Coul, Numpost, Postime.  (F.) Abels,  Dep6t.  A
collection of pus in a cavity, the result of a mor-
bid process.  See Pyogenia, and Suppuration.
  The  French have various distinctive terms ftr
Abscesses.
  Abels' Chaud, Aigu, Soudain, is one which fol-
lows violent inflammation.
  Abels  Froid,  Chronique,  Scrofuleux,  cold,
chronic, or scrofulous  abscess,  one which  is the
result of chronic or scrofulous inflammation.
  Abels par Congestion, A. diathisique, asympto-
matic  abscess; one which occurs in a part at a
distance from the inflammation  by  which it  is
occasioned : e. g. a lumbar abscess ; in which the
inflammation may be  in the  lumbar vertebrae,
whilst  the pus exhibits  itself at the groin.
  Abscess,  Alveolar,  Parulis—a.  Cold,  see
Abscess. 
ABSCISSIO PR.EPUTII
22
ABSUS
  Abscess,  Metastatic,  Absces'sus metastat'-
icus, (F.) Abels mitastatique, A. consicutif,  an
abscess  which  forms  suddenly, and sometimes
without any precursory signs of inflammation, in
a part of the body remote from one in a state of
suppuration, and without presenting a sufficient
reason for its development in the place which it
occupies.  It is a consequence of phlebitis.
  Abscess,  Perforating  of the Lung,,  see
Lung, perforating  abscess of the—a. Perilaryn-
geal, see Perilaryngitis—a. Psoas,  Lumbar ab-
scess—a. Retropharyngeal, see Retropharyngeal
.—a. Shirtstud,  Abels en bouton de chemise.
  Abscessos Capitis Sanguineus Neonatorum,
Cephalhematoma—a. Cerebri, Encephalopyosis—
a. Gangraenescens, Anthrax—a. Gangraenosus,
Anthrax—a,  Lacteus, Mastodynia  apostematosa
—a. Lumborum,  Lumbar abscess—a.  Mammas,
Mastodynia apostematosa—a. Metastaticus, Ab-
scess, metastatic—a. Nucleatus, Furunculus—a.
Oculi,  Hypopyon — a. Pectoris, Empyema — a.
Pulmonum, Pneumapostema — a.  Rienalis,  Ne-
phrapostasis—a. Spirituosus, Aneurism—a. Tho-
racis, Empyema—a. Urinosus, Urapostema,
  ABSCISSIO  PRJEPUTII, Circumcision.
  ABSCIS'SION, Abscis'io, Abscis'sio, from  ab-
scidere  or  abscindere,  ' to  cut off,' Apoc'ope,
Apothrau'sis, Diac'ope.   Excision  or extirpation
of  a part, especially of a soft  part—Fabricius
Hildanus.
  Fracture or  injury of  soft parts, with loss of
substance.—Hippocrates.
  Diminution,  or loss of voice.—Celsus.
  Sudden  and  premature termination of a dis-
ease.—Galen.
  ABSCONSIO, Sinus.
  ABSENCE  DU BRUIT RESPIRATOIRE,
Bee Murmur, respiratory.
  ABSINTHE, Artemisia absinthium.
  ABSINTHI'TES, a^iv&ims, Apsinthi'tes,Wme
impregnated with Absinthium or Wormwood.—
Dioscorides.
  ABSINTHIUM, (Ph. U.  S.,) Artemisia  ab-
sinthium—a. Marinum,  Artemisia  maritima—a.
Maritimum,  Artemisia  maritima—a. Ponticum,
Artemisia pontica—a. Romanum, Artemisia pon-
tica—a.  Santonicum, Artemisia santonica — a.
Vulgare, Artemisia absinthium.
  ABSORBANT, Absorbent.
  ABSOR'BENT, Absor'bens, from absorbere(ab
and sorbere,) ' to drink, to suck up.'   (F.) Ab-
sorbant.  That which absorbs.
  Absorbent System is the collection of vessels,
 Vasa absorben'tia seu -resorben'tia, and glands,
which concur in the exercise of absorption.
   A medicine  used for absorbing  acidity in  the
stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, Ac.  In-
ver'tens, Resor'bens, Sat'urans, Pracip'itans.
  Also, any substance, such  as  cobweb, sponge,
 <fec, which, when applied to a bleeding surface,
retains  the blood, and forms with it a solid and
 adhesive compound, which arrests the hemor-
 rhage.
   ABSORPTIO,  Absorption—a. Sanguinis,
 Haemorrhophesis.
   ABSORPTION, Absorp'tio, Resorp'tio, Inha-
 la'tio,  Imbibit"io, Anar'rhophe, Anarrophe'sis,
 Catapino'sis,  Rhoebde'sis,  Catarrhophe'sis,  Ca-
 tar'rhophe ;  same etymon.  The function of ab-
 sorbent vessels, by virtue of which they take up
substances from without or within the body.  Two
great divisions have been made of  this function.
1.  External absorption, or the absorption of com-
position, which obtains, from without the organs,
the materials  intended for their  composition;
 and, 2.  Internal absorption, or the  absorption of
decomposition,  which takes up  from the  organs
tin- materials  that have to  be replaced by  the
 echalants.
  By external absorption is meant not only that
which takes place at the exte'rnal surface of the
body, but also that of the mucous membranes of
the digestive and respiratory passages.  Hence,
again,.the division of external absorption into cu-
taneous—resorp'tio cuta'nea seu cutis, inhala'tio
cutis,—intestinal or digestive, and pulmonary or
respiratory.
  Internal absorption is   also subdivided into,
1. Molecular or  interstitial, nutritive, organic, or
decomposing, which takes up from each organ the
materials that constitute it, so that the decompo-
sition is  always  in equilibrio with the deposition.
2. The absorption of recrementitial secreted fluids,
such* as the fluid of serous  membranes, synovia,
&c.   As  these are constantly exhaled on surfaces
which have no  external outlet, they would aug-
ment indefinitely, if absorption did not remove
them in the same proportion  as that in which
they  are deposited.  3.  The absorption of a part
of the excrementitial fluids, as they pass over the
excretory passages.
  Absorption  does not  effect the decomposition
of the body immediately.  It merely  prepares the
fluid  which has  to be eliminated by the secretory
organs.
  The great agents of external absorption are the
veins and chyliferous vessels; of internal absorp-
tion,  probably the lymphatics.   In  the chylife-
rous vessels and lymphatics the  fluid is  always
found to possess  the same  general properties.
In  them, therefore, an action of elaboration or
selection must have taken  place.  The veins, on
the other hand,  seem to exert no selection.  Any
fluid,  possessing  the necessary  tenuity, passes
through the coats of the vessel readily by imbibi-
tion, and proceeds along with the torrent of th«
circulation.  Watery fluids in this manner enter
the blojd when  they are taken into the stomach.
Substances that require digestion, on the other
hand, must pass through the chyliferous vessels
and thoracic duct.
   Absorption of Composition, see Absorption—
a. Cutaneous, see Absorption—a. of Decomposi-
tion, see Absorption—a. Digestive,  see Absorp-
tion—a. External, see Absorption—a. of  Excre-
mentitial  Secreted  Fluids,  see  Absorption—a.
Internal, see  Absorption—a. Intestinal, see  Ab-
sorption— a.  Interstitial,   see Absorption — a.
Molecular, see Absorption—a. Nutritive, see Ab-
sorption—a.  Organic, see Absorption—a. Pul-
monary,  see  Absorption—a. of Recrementitial
Secreted Fluids, see Absorption—a.  Respiratory,
see Absorption.
   ABSTEME,  Abstemious.
   ABSTE'MIOUS, Abste'mius, Aoi'nos, from abt,
 'without,' and  temetum,  'wine.'  (F.) Abstlme.
 Used by the ancient writers, as well as by the
French, in the  sense only of its roots; one who
abstains  from  wine or  fermented liquors in
general.
   ABSTERGENTIA, Detergents.
   ABSTERSIVA, Detergents.
   ABSTERSORIA, Detergents.
   AB'STINENCE, Abstinen'tia, from abs, 'from,'
 and  tenere, «to hold,' Abros'ia, Asit'ia, Liman'-
 chia, Limocton'ia, Fasting.  Privation,  usually
 voluntary, as when we speak of abstinence from
pleasure, abstinence from drink, Ac.  It is  more
 particularly used to signify voluntary  privation
 of certain articles of food.  Fasting is a useful re-
 medial agent in certain diseases, particularly in
 those of an inflammatory character.
   ABSUS, a kind of cassia,  C. Absus,  which
 grows in Egypt and in India, the seeds of which
 pulverized and  mixed with powdered sugar, have
 been employed  in form  of a dry collyrium, in the
i endemic oDhtha.h»i-: «.f Pi—r-v* 
ABULIA                 23         ACCABLEMENT
  ABU'LIA; from a, 'privative,' and /?ouA>?, 'will.'
Loss of the will, or of volition.
  ABU'LICUS; same etymon.  One who has lost
the power of will or of volition.
  A BUS DE SOI-MEME, Masturbation.
  ABUTA (a Guiana name), Pareira brava.
  ABUTILON AVICENN/E, A. Corda'tum, Si-
da  Abu'tilon, Indian  or  Yellow  Mallow, Velvet
leaf; Order, Malvaceae, (from a, privative,' /3ous,
' an ox,' and r«Aoj,' diarrhoea,' that is, ' a remedy
for the diarrhoea of cattle;') is naturalized, and
common in most parts of the United States.  It
resembles common mallow in its properties, being
mucilaginous and  demulcent.
  ABVACUA'TIO,  an excessive or colliquative
evacuation of any kind.
   ACACIA,  (Ph. U. S.) Acaciae gummi—a. Cate-
chu, Catechu—a. False, Robinia pseudo-acacia—
a. Gerinahica, see Prunus spinosa—a. Giraffae, see
Acaciae  gummi—a. Horrida, see  Acaciae gummi
—a. Indica, Tamarindus—a. Nilotica, see Acaciae
gummi—a. Nostras,  see Prunus spinosa—a. Sene-
gal, see Senegal, gum—a. Vera, see Acaciae gum-
mi—a. Zeylonica,  Haematoxylon Campechianum.
   ACACLE GUMMI, Aca'cia,  from  ukt,, 'a
point,' so called in consequence of its spines, G.
Aca'cia Arab'ica, G.  Mimo'sa. G. Arab'icum, G.
Acanth'inum, G.  Leucum,  G. Theba'icum, G. Se-
rapio'nis,  G. Lamac, G.  Senega or Seneca,  (see
 Senegal, gum,) Gum Ar'abic.   (F.) Gomme Ara-
 bique.   The gum  of the Aca'cia  seu  Mimo'sa
 Nilot'ica,  Aca'cia  vera,  Spina uEgyptiaca, of
 Upper Egypt,  Nat. Ord.  Mimoseae.  Sex. Syst.
 Polygamia Monoecia.  It is in irregular pieces,
colourless, or of a pale yellow colour, hard, brittle,
of  a shining  fracture, transparent, soluble in
water, and insoluble in alcohol, s. g. W317.
   It is  mucilaginous; but is rarely used, except
in pharmacy. Sometimes  it is administered alone
as a demulcent.
   Acacia  Horrida  and  A. Giraffa, of South
Africa, yield a good gum.
   ACAJOU, (of Indian origin) Anacardium oc-
cidentale.
  Acajuba Officinalis, Anacardium occidentale.
  Acal'ypha  Betuli'na, Cauda felis agrestis,
(a,  'privative,' xaXos, 'beautiful,' and &<!>n, 'touch')
is employed  by the  natives of India as a stoma-
chic and in cholera.   It is given  in the form of
infusion of the leaves.
  Acalypha Hispida, Caturus spiciflorus.
  Acal'ypha  In'dica,   'disagreeable  to  the
touch.' Cupameni,  Order Euphorbiaceae.   A com-
mon annual in the  gardens of India. An infusion
of the root, and a decoction  of  the  leaves are
cathartic.
  Acal'ypha Virgin'ica.  Three-seeded mer'cury,
indigenous, flowering in August, is said  to have
expectorant and diuretic properties.
  ACAM'ATUS, from a, priv., and Kap.vu>, 'I la-
bour.'   This word has been sometimes  used for
a good constitution  of the  body.  According to
Galen, it means that position in which a limb is
intermediate between  flexion and extension;  a
position which  may  be long maintained without
fatigue.
  ACAMPSIA, Contractura.
  ACANOS, Onopordium  acanthium — a. Spina,
Onopordium acanthium.
  ACANTHA, Vertebral column. Also, Spinous
process of a vertebra.
  ACANTHAB'OLUS, Acan'thulus,   Volsel'la,
from axav&a, 'a spine,' and (Sa\\u>, 'I cast out.'
A kind  of forceps  for removing extraneous sub-
stances from wounds.—Paulus of ^Egina, Fabri-
cius ab Aquapendente, Scultetus, Ac.
  ACANTHALZUCA, Echinops.
  AC AN THE  FAUSSE,  Heracleum  spondy.
lium.
  ACANTHIA  LECTULARIA, Cimex lectu-
larius.
  ACANTHIUM, Onopordium acanthium.
  ACANTHULUS, Acanthabolus.
  ACANTHUS  MOLLIS,  (aKavSa,  'a  spins or
thorn,') same  etymon as Acacia.  Melamphyl'-
lum, Branca  ursi'na seu  vera, Brankur'sine,
Bear's Breech.   (F.) Pied d'ours.  This plant is
mucilaginous like Althaea,  and is used as a de-
mulcent.
  ACAPATLI, Piper longum.
  ACAR'DIA,  from a,  priv., and  Kapha,  'the
heart.'  The state of a foetus without a heart.
  ACARDIOILE'MIA.  (F.) AcardioUmie,  from
a, priv., Kap&ta, 'heart,' and atpa 'blood.'  Want
of blood in the heart.—Piorry.
  ACARDIONER'VIA,   (F.)   Acardionervie:
from a, priv., /capita, 'heart;' and vevpov, ' nerve.'
Want of nervous action in the heart as indicated
by the sounds ceasing to be audible.
  ACARDIOTROPHIA, Heart,  atrophy  rf the.
  AC ARE, Acarus.
  AC'ARICIDE, from acarus,  and cadere, ' to
kill.'  A destroyer  of acari, — as of the acarus
scabiei.
  ACARICO'BA.   The  Brazilian name for Hy-
drocot'yle umbella'tum, used  by the Indians as
an aromatic, alexipharmic,  and emetic.
  ACARON, Myrica gale.
  ACARP'iE, from a,  'privative,'  and  Kaprog,
'fruit.'  A division of the  family of cutaneous
diseases  by Fuchs, in which there is no " fruit,"
(Germ. Frucht,)  or production from the cutane-
ous  surface — tubercles,  vesicles  or  pustules.
Lentigo, Chloasma, Argyria,  and Pityriasis be-
long to it.
  ACARUS, from  a, privative,  and Kapw, 'di-
visible.'   (F.) Acare.  A minute insect, one spe-
cies  of which has been noticed, by several obser-
vers, in the itch.  The Acarus Scabiei, see Psora.
  Acarus Ciro, see Psora — a.  Comedonum,
Acarus Folliculorum.
  Ac'arus Cros'sbi, Crosse mite.  An insect sup-
posed  by  Mr. Crosse, of  England, to have  been
developed in a solution of silicate of potassa when
submitted to slow galvanic action, for  the  pur-
pose of obtaining crystals  of silex.   It did not,
however, prove to be a new formation.
  Acarus Folliculo'rum, A. Comedo'num, En-
tozo'on seu De'modex seu  Simo'nea seu Steatozo'-
on folliculo'rum, Macrogas'ter plat'ypus.   An
articulated animalcule, discovered in the sebace-
ous substance of the cutaneous follicles.  Accord-
ing to  Professor Owen, it  belongs  to  the  Ara-
chnida.
  Acarus Scabiei, Acarus, see Psora.
  ACATALEP'SIA, from a, privative, and kotu-
Xa/i/3avu>, ' I comprehend.'  Uncertainty in dia-
gnosis.  Its opposite is Catalepsia.—Galen.
  ACATAP'OSIS,  from  a,  privative, and xara-
roats, ' deglutition.'  Incapacity of swallowing.
Vogel has given  this name to  difficulty of deglu-
tition.
  ACATASTAT'IC, Acatastat'icus, from a, priv.
and  KaStoTriut, ' to determine.'  An epithet given
to fevers, -Ac, when irregular in  their periods or
symptoms.—Hippocrates.
  ACATHAR'SIA, from  a, priv., and KaSaipifa,
' I purge;' Sordes, Impurities.  Omission of s pur-
gative.—Foesius.
  ACATSJAVAL'LI, a  Malabar plant, which is
astringent and aromatic.  A bath of it is used in
that  country in cases of hemicrania.  It  is  sup-
posed to be the Cassytha filiformis of Linnaeus.
  ACAWERIA,  Ophioxylum serpentinum.
  ACCABLEMENT, Torpor. 
ACCELERATEUR         24          ACEPHALOGASTER
  ACCELERATEUR  DE L'URINE, Accele- \
rator urinae.
  ACCELERATOR PARTUS, Abortive.
  Accele ra'tor Uri'n^b, Bulbo-cavemo'sus, Bul-
bo-uretral—(Ch.), Ejacula'tor Sem'inis, Bulbo-
tyndesmo-caverneux.  (F.) Accilirateur de Vurine, |
Bulbo-cavemeux,  Ano-caverneux,  from ad and
celer,  'quick.'   A  muscle of the penis,  which
arises,  fleshy, from  the sphincter ani and mem-
branous part of the  urethra, and tendinous, from
the crus and beginning of the corpus caverno-
sum penis.  In its  course  it forms a thin, fleshy
layer, the inferior fibres of which run more trans-
versely  than the  superior,  which descend  in an
oblique  direction; the muscles of both sides com-
pletely enclosing the bulb  of  the urethra.  It is
inserted into its fellow by a tendinous line run-
ning longitudinally on the middle of the bulb.
Its use is to propel the urine or semen forwards.
  ACCENT, Sonus vocis,  from  ad  and canere,
cantum, to sing.  Inflection or modification of the
voice, which consists in raising or dropping it on
certain  syllables.
  The accent exhibits various alterations in dis-
ease.    v
  ACCES, Paroxysm.
  ACCRS'SION,  Acces'sio, from accedo, (ad and
cedere,) ' I approach.'  The invasion,  approach,
or commencement of a disease.
  ACOESSOIRE, Accessory—a. du longFlichis-
seur commun des orteils: see Flexor longus digi-
torum pedis profundus perforans  (accessorius) —
a. de V Obturateur interne, Ischio-trochanterianus
—a. du Pied d' Hippocampe : see  Cornu ammonis
—a. du Sacro-lombaire : see Sacro-lumbalis.
  ACCESSORIUS  FLEXOR  LONGUS  DIGI-
TORUM PEDIS; see  Flexor longus  digitorum
pedis profundus perforans (accessorius)—a. Pedis
hippocampi;—see Cornu ammonis.
  ACCESSORY, Accesso'rius, (F.) Accessoire,
Annexe, same etymon.   A consequence or  de-
pendence on any thing*; as  accessory ligament,
muscle,  nerve, Ac-
  Accessory  of the Parot'id is a name given
by Haller to a small gland, which accompanies
the parotid duct, and is commonly a mere pro-
longation of the parotid itself. See  Parotid.
   Accessory  Sciences to Medicine are those
which do not relate directly  to  the science of
man in  a state of health or disease; as physics,
chemistry, Ac.
   Accessory  op the Par Vagum, Spinal nerve.
   The  term accessory  is  also given to several
muscles.
   ACCESSUS, Coition.
   ACCIDENS, Symptoma—a. Consecutifs, Con-
secutive phenomena.
   ACCIDENT, Ac'cidens, from accidere, (ad and
cadere,) ' to happen.'  A casualty; an unforeseen
event.   The French — like older English  writers
— use the term in nearly the same sense as symp-
tom.  It means also an unexpected symptom.
   ACCIDEN'TAL, Adventitious.  That  which
happens unexpectedly.
   The  French give the name Tissus accidentels
to those adventitious textures, that are the result
of  a morbid process.
   ACCIP'ITER, Hi'erax,  hpat, ' the hawk,'from
accipere (ad and capio,) 'to  take.'   Menec'ratis
Accip'iter,  (F.)  Epervier.  A bandage applied
over the nose, so called from  its likeness to the
elaw'of a hawk.
   ACCLI'MATED, Clima'ti  assue'tus, (from ad
and clima.)  A word of recent introduction from
the French, which  means ' accustomed to a cli-
mate.'
   ACCLIMATATION, Acclimation.
   ACCLIMATEMENT, Acclimation.
   ACCLIMATION, Seas'oning.  (F.) Acclimate-
ment, Acclimatation.   The act of becoming accli-
mated or accustomed to a climate.
  The constitution of a person, who goes to livi
in another and a very different  climate, usuallj
experiences changes, which are frequently of ai
unfavourable character, and  the study of  whicl
is of considerable importance in medicine.
  ACCOMPAGNEMENT   DE  LA  CAT A.
RACTE, Accompaniment of the cataract.
  ACCOM'PANIMENT, Adjun'ction.  (F.) Ac
compagnement, (compagnon, ' an associate').  Thai
which is joined to any thing.
  Accompaniment  to  the  cataract,  (F.) Accom-
pagnement de la cataracte, is a whitish,  viscid
substance, which sometimes surrounds the opake
crystalline lens, and remains after the operation
for cataract, causing a secondary cataract.
  ACCOUCHEE, Puerpera.
  ACCOUCHEMENT, Parturition — a. Labori-
ous, Dystocia—a. contre Nature, see Presentation,
preternatural—a. Laborieux, Laborious labour,
—a. Provoque, see Parturition.
  ACCOUCHEUR,  (F.)  Adju'tor  Partus,  Ob.
stet'ricans,  Obstetri"cius, Maieu'ter, Muieu'tes.
He who practices the  art of midwifery.  A  physi-
cian-Accoucheur, a Surgeon-Accoucheur, a Man-
midwife, Ac.
  ACCOUCHEUSE, Midwife.
  ACCOUPLEMENT, Coition.
  ACCOUTUMANCE, Habit.
  ACCRE'TION,  Accre'tio,  from  ad, 'to,' and
crescere, ' to increase.'  Augmentation; (F.) Ac-
croissement; also, increase by juxtaposition.
   ACCROISSEMENT, Accretion,  Increase.
   ACCUSATIO, Indication.
   ACE'DIA,  Incu'ria, from a, privative,  and
ien&os,  ' care.'  Want of care, neglect.  Also, fa-
tigue.—Hippocrates.
  ACELLA, Axilla.
  ACEOGNOSIA, Pharmacognosia.
  ACEOLOGIA,  Materia Medica.
  ACEPHALE, Acephalous.
  ACEP HALIIJE'MIA, (F.) AcephalhSmie,from
a, priv., Kc<pa\n, ' head,' and ii/ia,' blood.'  Want
of blood in the encephalon.—Piorry.
  ACEPHALIA, see Aeephalous.
  ACEPHALIE, see Acephalous.
  ACEPHALOBRA'CHUS,  from  a,  privative,
KtcpaXn, 'head,'  and  0pa%tuiv,  'arm.'  A  foetus
without head or arms.
  ACEPHALOCAR'DIA, from a,  priv., tKcfiaXr,,
' head,' and xapita,' heart.' Monstrosity in which
there is absence of head and heart.
   ACEPHALOCHI'RUS,  from  a, privative, «-
<paXn, ' head,' and xttp, ' hand/   A foetus without
head or hands.
   ACEPH'ALOCYST, Acephalocys'tit, (F.) Act-
phalocyste, from a, privative, xc^aXn, 'head,' and
kvstis, * bladder.'   A hydatiform vesicle, without
head or visible organs, ranked amongst the Ento-
 zoa, although possessed of few animated charac-
 teristics.   In  no organ of the body are acepha-
 locysts so frequently found as in the liver.  Gene-
 rally it is the ' multiple acephalocyst,' A.  socia'-
 lia seu prolifera, which is met with.  At times,
 however,  it is  the  'solitary acephalocyst,' A.
 eremi'ta seu ster'ilis.
   The acephalocystis endog"ena has a firm coat,
 and is composed  of different layers, which have
 numbers of smaller hydatids within them, and
 are thrown off from  the interior of the  parent
 cyst.   This species has hence been termed  en-
 dogena, to distinguish  it from the A. exog"ena
 of ruminant animals, in which the young vesicles
 are developed from  the  exterior of the  parent
 vesicles.—See Hydatid.
   ACEPHALOGAS'TER,   Athoracoceph'alus,
I from a privative, KtcpaXr), 'head,' and yaarnp, «the 
ACEPIIALOPODUS          25                ACETONE
belly.' A name given to monsters devoid of head,
chest, and abdomen;  or to those which have an
abdomen, but no chest or head.
  ACEPHALOP'ODUS,  from o,  priv.,  tvpaXn,
' head,' and novs, roios, ' foot.'  A monster devoid
of head and feet.  The condition is called Acepha-
lopod'ia.
  ACEPHALORA'CHIA, from a, priv.,  Kt<paXn,
' head,' and ^a^;«j, ' spine.' Monstrosity in which
there is absence of head and spine.
  ACEPHALOS'TOMA, from a,privative, «0aXij,
' head,' and o-ro/ia, * mouth.' An acephalous foetus,
at the upper part of which there is an opening
resembling a mouth.
   ACEPHALOTHORA'CIA,  from  a,  privative,
Kt<pa\u,  ' head,' and  &u>pa^,  Stapaicot;,  ' thorax.'
Monstrosity  in which there is absence of head
and chest.
   ACEPHALOTHO'RUS,  from  a,  privative,
 KKpaXri, 'head,'andSwpaf,' chest,'Apectoceph'alus.
 A monster devoid of head or chest.
   ACEPH'ALUS, from a, privative, and KtQaXn,
 'head.'  (F.) Aciphale.  A  monster born devoid
 of head.  The condition is called Acepha'lia.  (F.)
 Aciphalie.
   ACER, Acrid.
   Acer Palmifolium, A. Saccharinum.
   Acer   Pennsylvan'icum,  Striped  Maple,
 Striped Dogwood.  A decoction  of the bark has
 been used internally and externally in  cutaneous
 affections; and a decoction of the leaves and twigs
 is said to relieve nausea and vomiting.
   Acer Rubrum, Red Maple; Indigenous.  The
 inner bark is  a  mild astringent.  The  Indians
 use a decoction of it for sore eyes.
   Acer Sacchari'num, A. palmifo'lium.  Maple,
 Sugar Maple. (F.) Erable, Ord., Aceracese.  This
 tree contains a large amount of sweet sap, whence
 a considerable quantity of sugar may be extracted.
 When purified, this sugar can scarcely be distin-
 guished from  that obtained from the cane.—See
 gaccbarum.
   Acera'tes  Longifo'lia,  Long-leaved green
 Milkweed;  Order,  Asclepiadaceae; indigenous,
 flowering in June and July;  has the  properties
 of the order.  See Asclepias.
   ACERATO'SIS, from  a, privative,  and Ktpas,
 Ktparos,  'horn.'  Defective development of the
 corneous tissue.
   ACERB',  Acer'bus,  Stryphnos,  from   acer,
 'sharp.'  A savour, or taste, compounded of the
 acid, bitter, and  astringent;  such as is met with
 in unripe fruits,  Ac.
    ACER'CUS, from a,  privative,  and Ktpxos  'a
 tail.' A monster devoid of tail.—Gurlt.
    ACE'RIDES,  Acero'des,  from «, privative, and
 xnpos, ' wax.'  Plasters devoid of wax.—Galen.
    ACERODES,  Acerides.
    ACERO'SUS,  Achyro'des, Pithyri'nus,  from
 avypov, ' chaff.'  Furfura'ceous.   An epithet used
 by Hippocrates for the  coarsest bread, made of
 flour not separated from the chaff.—Foesius.
    ACERVULUS CEREBRI. See Pineal Gland
 —a. Glandulus Pinealis, see Pineal Gland.
    ACES'CENCY, Acescen'tia, from acescere, ' to
 grow sour,' (axis, 'a point,' acer, 'sharp.') A dis-
 position to acidity.  The humourists believed that
 the animal humours are susceptible of this change.
    ACESIA, Cure.
    ACESINOSUS, Curative.
    ACESIS, Curation, Cure, Medicament.
    ACESMA, Medicament.
    ACESMIUS,  Curable.
    ACESMUS, Cure.
    ACESODYNES,  Anodyne.
    ACESOPHORUS,  Curative.
    ACESTER, Physician. -
    ACESTIS,  Medicament
    ACESTOR, Physi;ian.
            9
  ACESTORIA, Medicine.
  ACEST0R1S, Midwife.
  ACESTOS, Curable.
  ACESTRA, Needle.
  ACESTRIA, Midwife.
  ACESTRIS, Midwife.
  ACESTRUM, Medicament.
  ACETA MEDICATA, Aeetica.
  ACETABULA UTERINA, Cotvledons.
  ACETAB'ULUM, (F.) Acetabu'le, from acetum,
' vinegar,' because it resembles  the old vinegar
vessel oxybaph'ion.   A measure capable  of con-
taining the eighth part of a modern pint.—Athe-
naeus.   Galen.   See Cotyloid.   According to
Castelli, the lobes or cotyledons of the placentae
of ruminating animals have been so called.
  Acetabulum, Cotyle, see Cotyloid—a. Humeri,
see Glenoid—a. Marinum, Umbilicus marinus.
  ACETA'RIA,  same etymon.   A  salad or
pickle.
  ACETAS, Acetate.
  ACETATE, Ace'tas.  (F.)  Acttate.  A  salt
formed by the union of the acetic acid with an
alkaline,  earthy, or metallic base.  The acetates
chiefly used in medicine are the acetates of am-
monia, lead, potash, and zinc.
  ACE'TICA, Ace'ta Medica'ta.  (F.)  Vinaigres
Midicinaux.   Pharmaceutical  preparations of
vinegar.
  ACE'TICUM  AC'IDUM, Acidum  Ace'ticum
for'tius seu forte seu purum seu glacia'le, Ace'-
tum radica'le, Oxos, Ace'tic Acid, Strong Ace'terns
Acid, Acidum Aceto'sum forte, Rad'ical Vin'egar,
Spir'itus  Ven'eris  (when made  from verdigris,)
Spirit of Verdigris.  Concentrated acetic acid,
prepared by decomposing an acetate and receiv-
ing  the  acetic acid by distillation, has  a  very
pungent and grateful odour,  and an acid and
acrid taste.  Its s. g.  is about 1.046, and  it is
very volatile.
   It is stimulant, rubefacient, and escharotic, and
is applied to the nostrils  in syncope, asphyxia,
headache, Ac.  It destroys warts.
   An Aromatic Spirit of Vinegar, Ac"idum Ace'-
ticum Camphora'tum, A. aceto'sum camphora'tum,
is formed of this strong acid, f^x; Camphor, £j ;
Alcohol,  f3j-
   A strong Acetic Acid was ordered by the Lon-
don pharmacopoeia, prepared from wood. It was
called Vinegar of wood, Improved distilled Vine-
gar, Pyrolig'neous Acid, Ace'turn Ligno'rnm, and
its strength was such, that 87 gr. of crystallized
subcarbonate of soda should saturate  100 grains
of the acid.
   Ac"idum Ace'ticum Dilu'tum, A. A. ten'ue seu
debil'ius, Ace'tum destilla'tum, Acidum ace'ticum,
 Acidum aceto'sum destilla'tum,  Distil'led vin'egar,
 (F.) Acide  Acitique faible, Vinaigre  distilli,  is
 prepared by distilling vinegar, until seven-eighths
 have passed over.   An Acidum aceticum dilutum,
 Diluted acetic acid, is made by mixing a pint of
 the  strong acetic acid with seven pints of distilled
 water.—Ph. U. S.   Its properties are like those
 of vinegar.
   Aceticum Martiale, Ferri Acetas.
   AC^TOLAT,  (F.)  from acetum, vinegar.   A
liquid medicine resulting from the distillation of
 vinegar on one or  more aromatic vegetable sub-
 stances,  and which are  formed of vinegar and
 essential oils, or other volatile principles.—Beral.
   ACETOLATURE, same etymon. A tincture,
 formed by digesting a vegetable substance nr sub-
 stances in vinegar.—Beral.
   ACETOLM, same etymon, OxiolS.   A medi-
 cine, formed of distilled  vinegar and medicinal
 principles dissolved in it.—B6ral.
   ACE TOM EL, Oxymel.
   ACETONE, Ac"eton,  from acetum, 'vinegar. 
ACETOSA  ALPINA          26       ACHILLEA AGERATUM
Spir'itus pyro-ace'ticus  ligno'sus,  Pyro-ace'tic
ipirit,   Pyro-ace'tic  Ether,  Mesit'ic  Al'cohol,
Bihydrate of Mcsit'ylene, (F.) Acetone; errone-
ously called Naphtha and  Wood  Naphtha.  By
others, however, the terms  are applied to Py-
roxylic Spirit.  A limpid, colourless liquid, hav-
ing a peculiarly penetrating and  slightly empy-
reumatic odour.  Its density in the liquid  state,
is almost the same as that of alcohol, 0.7921.  Its
taste is disagreeable, and analogous to that  of
peppermint.  It is  miscible  in all proportions
with water, alcohol, and ether.  It  may be pre-
pared by distilling  a mixture of two  parts  of
crystallized acetate of lead and one part of quick-
lime in  a salt-glaze jar (gray-beard,) the  lower
part of the jar  being coated with  fire-clay; and
a  bent  glass tube, half an  inch in diameter,
adapted to the mouth by a cork, so as to form a
distillatory apparatus.  The jar is supported  on
the mouth of a small furnace, by which the lower
part only is heated  to  redness, and the vapours
are conducted  into a  Liebig's condenser.  The
product is repeatedly redistilled from quicklime,
until its boiling point is constant at 132°.
  It has been  brought forward as a remedy in
phthisis  pulmonalis;  but   evidently with un-
founded pretensions.  It is  an excitant, and may
be serviceable in chronic bronchitis.  The dose
is  ten to forty drops three times  a day, diluted
with water.
   ACETOSA  ALPINA,  Rumex  alpinus —a.
Nostras, Rumex acetosa — a. Pratensis, Rumex
acetosa — a. Romana, Rumex scutatus — a. Ro-
tundifolia, Rumex scutatus — a. Scutata, Rumex
scutatus—a. Vulgaris, Rumex acetosa.
  ACETOSELLA, Oxalis acetosella.
  ACE'TUM, ofa, Oxos, Ace'tum Vini seu Bri-
tan'nicum seu Gal'licum, Common Vinegar, Aci-
dum aceto'sum, A'legar, Ace'tum  Cerevis'ia, (F.)
 Vinaigre;  from axis, 'a point,' acer, 'sharp.'  A
liquor  obtained by  the acetous  fermentation.
Vinegar has a pungent odour, and  a pleasant acid
taste.  One fluid ounce of the Acetum of the
United  States, Pharmacopoeia is saturated  by
about 35 grains of crystallized  bicarbonate  of
soda.  It is refrigerant in fevers;  antiseptic, and
anti-narcotic; and  externally is  stimulant and
discutient.
   Vinegar  Whey is made by stirring  a  small
wineglassful of vinegar, sweetened with a dessert
spoonful of sugar, in a pint of milk ; boiling for
fifteen  minutes, and straining.   Like  tamarind
whey it is an agreeable drink in febrile affections.
   Ace'tum  Aromat'icum,  A. Theriaca'le  seu
quatuor furum, Acidum Ace'ticum Aromat'icum,
 Thieves' Vinegar,  Vinegar  of the four  Thieves,
Marseilles  Vinegar,  (F.)  Vinaigre  Aromatique,
 V. des quatre volenrs, {Rorismarin. cacum. sice,
Fol. Salvia sing. t^j. Lavand. flor. sice. giv. Ca-
ryoph. cont. ^ss. Acid. Acet. Oij. Macerate 7 days,
and filter.—Ph. E.)  Odour, pungent and aroma-
tic.  Used as a perfume.
   Acetum Britannicum, Acetum.
   Ace'tum  Canthar'idis,  Vinegar of Cantha-
rides, (Cantharid. in pulv. ^iij. Acid. acet. f5v.,
Acid, pyrolign. f.^xv: Euphorb:  in pulv.  crass.
§ss.  Mix  the acids; add the powders; macerate
for seven days;  strain; express  strongly, and
filter the liquor.—Phr  E.   The. London College
macerates cantharid. ^ij in aeid.  acet. Oj. (Imp.
meas;) for eight days; expresses and strains.)  It
is  used as a prompt vesicant.
  Ace'tum Col'chici, Vinegar of meadow saffron.
(ColcKic. rad. contus.m ^ij; Acid, acetic, dilut. vel
Acet. destillat. Oij ;  Ph. U. S. 1851.  It may also
be made by displacement.)  It is  used  as a diu-
retic, and also in gout.   Dose fsjss.  to f!SJiss.
   Acetum  Destillatum; see Aceticum acidum
 -a. Gallicum, Acetum — a. Lignorum: see Ace-
 ticum acidum—a. Mulsum dulce, Oxyglyius—a.
 Opii, Guttae Nigrae — a. Plumbicum seu Saturni-
; num, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis — a. Quatuor
|: furum, Acetum Aromaticum—a. Radicale, Aceti-
il cum Acidum—a. Rosatum, Oxyrrhodinon.
   Acetum Scill^b,  Acidum Ace'ticum  Scillit'-
 icum,  Vinegar of Squills, (F.) Vinaigre scilli-
 tique, (Scilla contus. ^iv; Acet. destillat.  Oij;
 Ph. U. S.  It may  also  be  made by displace-
 ment.)  Diuretic, expectorant, and emetic.  Dose
 f£ss to 3U as a diuretic and  expectorant.  It
 may also be made by the process of displacement.
   Acetum Thkriacale, Acetum aromaticum.
   ACEYTE DE SAL.   A remedy for broncho-
 cele used in S. America.   Roulin found it to con-
 tain a portion of iodine.
   ACHACANA.  A species of cactus, in the pro-
 vince of Potosi in  Peru.  Its  root is  thick and
 fleshy, and of a conical shape.   It is a good edi-
 ble, and is sold in the markets of the country.
   A CHAL YBHEMIE.   See Ch lorosis.
   ACHANACA.  A  plant  of  the kingdom of
 Mely in Africa.   It  is used by  the natives as an
 antisyphilitic.
   ACHAOVAN,  a  species of Egyptian  chamo-
 mile.—Prosper Alpinus.
   ACHAOVAN-ABIAT.  The  Egyptian  name
 of Cineraria  maritima, used in female  diseases.
   ACHAR, Atchar.
   ACHE, Pain.
   A CHE, Apium graveolens—a. des Montagues,
 Ligusticum levisticum.
   ACHEI'LIA, Achi'lia, from a, priv., and ^£iXoy,
 'lip.'  A malformation, consisting in a deficiency
 of a lip or lips.
   ACHEI'LUS,  Achi'lns;  same  etymon.  One
 who is without lips.
   ACHEIR, Aehir,  De'manus,  from  a, privative,
 and Xup>  'band.'  One devoid of hands.—Galen.
   ACHEI'RIA, Achi'ria:  same  etymon.  T-he
 state of being devoid of  hands.
   ACHEROIS,  Populus.
   ACHIA, Achiar.  A name given in India tw
 the pickled shoots of the bamboo.
   Achia, Atchar.
   ACHIAR,  Achia.
   ACHICOLUM, Achit'olus,  Hidrote'rion,  Sus
 da'rium, Fornix, Tholus, Sudato'rium, Su'datory
 Sweating-house, Sweating-bath.  The sweating-
 room in the ancient  bagnios.
   ACHILLA, Aeheilia.
   ACHILLE, TENDON D', Achillis tendo.
   ACHILLE'A AGE'RATUM, A. visco'sa,  Bal-
 sami'ta fasmin'ea, Eupato'rium mes'ues, Age'ra-
 tum, Cos'tus horto'rum minor, Maudlin, Maudlin
 Tansey ; (F.) AchilUe Visqueuse; Ord.  Compo-
 sitae; Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia  Super-
 flua,— has the same properties as tansey, bitter
 and aromatic, and is used in like affections.^
   Achille'a  Atra'ta, Herba  Gen'ipi veri, (F.)
 Achillee  Noire, has similar virtues.
   Achille'a  Millefo'lium,  Achille'a  Myrio-
 phyl'lon,  Chrysoc'oma, Millefo'lium, Chiliophyl'-
 lon, Lumbus  Ven'eris, Common  Yarrow or  Mil-
 foil.  (F.) Millefeuille,  Herbe aux charpentiers.
 The leaves and flowers have an aromatic smell,
 and a rough, bitterish, somewhat pungent taste!
 They have been used  in dyspepsia, flatulence!
 hemorrhage,  Ac.  An extract of the plant, made
 with proof spirit, has been called Achillei'num ;
 and is used by the Italians in intermittent fever
   Achille'a  Moscha'ta, an Alpine plant,  has
 been esteemed diaphoretic and vulnerary (?)  a
 volatile oil called Esprit d'lva, is obtained from
 it in Switzerland, which  is much prized  for its
 musky odour.  It is  said, by Merat and De Lens
 to be the  Genipi of the Savoyards, which  is usu!
I ally referred  to Artemisia rupestris.
|   Achille'a  Ptar'mica, Ptar'mica, P.  Vulga'. 
ACniLLtE NOIRE       2 7                   ACID
»t»,  Pseudopy'rfthrum,  Pyrethrum  ayfves'tre,
Draco ay Ives'trig,  Turchon  aylrestris,  Sternuta-
mento'ria, Dracun'culua Praten'sis, Sneeze-wort,
Bastard Pel'litory. (F.) Herbe d Hernuer.  The
roots  and flowers have  a hot, biting  taste, ap>-
proaching that of pyrethrum.  Their principal
use is as a masticatory and sialogogue.
  Achillea Viscosa, A. Ageratum.
  ACHILLEE  NOIRE,  Achillea atrata — a.
Visqueuse, Achillea ageratum.
  ACHILLEINUM, see Achillea Millefolium.
  ACHILLE'IS.  A beautiful species  of barley,
mentioned  by  Theophrastus and Galen, called
after  Achilles, a  labourer.   The decoction was
used in fevers and jaundice.—Hippocrates.
  ACHILLEUM,  Telepheum.
  ACHIL'LIS TENDO, Funis Hippoc'ratis,
Oorda seu  Chorda Hippoc'ratis, Corda magna,
Nervus latus, (F.)  Tendon d'Achille.  The strong
tendon of  the gastrocnemii muscles above the
heel:  so called, because  it was the only vulner-
able part of Achilles, or because of its strength.
See-Tendon.
  ACHILUS, Acheilus.
  ACHIMB ASSI.  An archiater or chief of phy-
sicians.  A  name  given,  at Grand Cairo, to a
magistrate  who licenses physicians.
  ACHIR, Acheir.
  ACHIRIA, Acheiria.
  ACHITOLUS, Achicolum.
  ACHLYS, Caligo.
  ACHMELLA, Spilanthus acmella.
  ACHNE.  Lint. See  Linteum.   Also,  small
mucous flocculi seen in front of the  cornea.—
Hippocrates.
  ACHOL'IA, from a, privative, and %oXn, 'bile.'
Deficiency or want of bile.  Also, Asiatic cholera.
  A'CHOLUS : same etymon.   One deficient  in
bile.
  ACHOR,  Porrigo larvalis.
  ACHO'RES.  A term often  employed by the
ancients  to designate  both  crusta lac'tea, and
small  superficial ulcerations  on the skin  of the
face and head.  See Porrigo Larvalis.
  Achores  Capitis, Porrigo scutulata.
  ACHORION SCHONLEINI.   See Porrigo fa-
vosa.
  ACHORIS'TUS, from  a, priv., and j^K"* «I
separate.'   Any sign which necessarily accompa-
nies a state of health or disease.
  ACHOUROU.   The Caraib name for a species
of myrtle used in dropsy.
  ACHRAS AUSTRALIS,  Sapota —a. Sapota,
Sapota — a. Zapota, Sapota.
  ACHROI, Aohromatis'ti, Achro'mati, Achro'mi,
from a, privative, and ^piopa, 'colour.'  Pale indi-
viduals.—Hippocrates.  It is nearly synonymous
with Xtapatnoi, leipha'mi, persons without colour;
bloeritess.
  ACHRO'MA,  Chloasma album.  Leucopathi'a
partia'lis acquis'ita.  Partial pi'ivution of colour
of the skin.
  ACHROMASIA, Decoloration.
  ACHROMATI,  Achroi.
  ACHROMAT'IC.-AcAz-omaJVcKa; same etymon.
A lens, so constructed as to correct the aberration
of refrangibility of common lenses, is so termed.
The Crystalline is  an achromatic lens.
  ACHROMATISM, Achroi.
  ACHROMATOPSIA, Achromatop'sy, Chroma-
topseudop'sia, Chromatometablep'sia, Dyschroma-
top'sia, Parachro'ma, Pseudochro'mia, Parora'-
sis, Visus de'color, Colour  blindness,  Idiopt'cy,
Dal'tonism,  from a, privative, xpw^a,  ' colour,'
and oxTOjiat, ' I see.'  Incapability of distinguish-
ing colours; a defect situate in the cerebral part
of the visual organ.  Persons so circumstanced
have been termed, by Mr. Whewell, Idiopts.  See
Acyanoblepsia and Anerythropsia.
  ACHROMI, Achroi.
  ACHROMODERMIE, see Albino.
  ACH1WMOTRICHOMIE, see Albino.
  ACHRYSTALLODIAPHANIE,  see  Cata
ract.
  ACHYLO'SIS, from  a, privative, and jk«Ao?,
'juice, chyle.'  Defective chylosis or formation
of chyle.
  ACHYMO'SIS, from  a, privative, and \vpoi,
'juice, chyme.'   Defective chymification.
  ACHYRAN'THES REPENS, Illice'brum po-
lygono'ides,  Forty  Knot;  indigenous.   Order,
Amaranthaceae.   A decoction  of the  plant  is
drunk as a diuretic  in dropsy, ischuria, Ac.
  ACHYRODES, Acerosus.
  ACHYRON, Furfur.
  A'CIA, from  aicis, a point.  A  word  used  by
Celsus, which has puzzled commentators,— some
believing  it to have meant a needle;  others the
thread; and others, again,  the kind  of suture.
"Ada mollis, non nimis torta."—Celsus, Galen.
(Chifflet thinks it meant the thread.—Antwerp,
1638.}
  ACID, Ac"idu8, Oxys. (F.) Acide, Aigre, from
aKti, axtios, 'a point;' sharp; sour; especially as
applied to  odorous or  sapid  substances.  The
French also use the term aigre, when referring
to the voice, in  the  sense of  sharp and shrill: —
as une voix aigre, vox aspera.
  Acid, Acetic, Aceticum acidum—a. Acetic, of
commerce, PyroligneOus acid—a. Acetic, dilute,
see Aceticum acidum — a. Acetous, strong, Ace-
ticum acidum — a.   Aerial,  Carbonic acid — a.
Antimonious,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum — a.
Arsenious, Arsenicum album—a. Auric, see Gold
— a.  Azotic, Nitric  acid — a. Benzoic,  Benjamin,
flowers of—a. Benzuric,  Hippuric acid—a. Bezo-
ardic, Uric acid—a. Boric, Boracic acid—a. Cal-
careous, Carbonic acid—a. Calculous, Uric acid.
  Acid,  Carbazot'ic, Ac"idum  Carbazot'icum,
Carboni'tric or Picric acid, Welter's Bitter, (F.)
Acide Carbazotique.  This  acid- Is frequently
formed by the action of concentrated nitric acid
on animal and  vegetable substances.  It, as well
as the carbazotates,  is tonic and astringent.
  Acid, Carbonaceous, Carbonic acid — a. Car-
bonitric, Acid Carbazotic — a. Carbonous, Oxalic
acid — a.  Caseic, Lactic acid — a. Chromic, see
Chromic acid—a. Citric, Citric acid—a. Crotonic,
see Croton tiglium—a. Cyanhydric, Hydrocyanic
acid—a. Cyanohydric, Hydrocyanic acid—a.  Ga-
lactic, Lactic acid — a. Gastric, Gastric juice.
  Acid, Gallic, Ac"idum Gall'icum. (F.) Acide
Gallique.  This acid  is found in most of the astrin-
gent plants that  contain tannic  acid of the kind
obtained  from galls.  It is in delicate silky nee-
dles, usually somewhat yellowish, inodorous, and
of a harsh,  somewhat astringent taste.   It dis-
solves in  one hundred  parts of cold  and three
parts of boiling water.  It is  very soluble in alco-
hol, and but slightly so  in ether.
  It has been highly extolled in internal hemor-
rhage, especially from  the urinary organs and
uterus. Dose from  ten to twenty grains.
  The last Pharmacopoeia of the United States
(1851) directs it'to  be made by exposing a thin
paste of powdered galls  and distilled water for a
month, adding the water from time to time to pre-
serve the  consistence;   expressing  the paste;
boiling the  residue; in distilled water;  filtering
through animal charcoal, and crystallizing.
  Acid, Hippu'ric, Ac"idum Hippu'ricum, Uro-
ben'zoic, IPrino-benzo'ic or Benzn'ric  acid.  An
acid found in the urine of graminivorous  animals.
It is  contained in human urine, especially after
benzoic acid has been taken.  See Hippuria.
  Acid,  Hydriod'ic,  Ac"idum  Hydriod'icum.
This  acid is made by mixing solutions of iodide
of potassium and tartaric acid; filtering the liquor 
ACIDE ACtiTIQUE FAIBLE   2
to separate the bitartrate of potass, and adding
water to make the resulting  hydriodic acid of
definite strength.
  It has been used in the same cases as the pre-
parations of iodine in general, but is rarely em-
ployed.
  Acid, Hydrochloronitric, Nitro-muriatic acid
—a. Hydrocyanic, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Hydro-
cyanic, dilute, see Hydrocyanic acid—a. Hydro-
sulphuric, Hydrogen, sulphuretted—a. Hydrothi-
onic, Hydrogen,  sulphuretted—a. Igasuric: see
Jatropha curcas.
  Acid,  Iodic, Ac"idum Iod'icum, (F.)  Acide
Iodique. This is  obtained by boiling iodine with
nitric acid; or by decomposing iodate of baryta
by dilute sulphuric acid.  It is a  white, transpa-
rent solid, slightly deliquescent, and very soluble
in water.   It  has been given with sulphate of
quinia in hoarseness, scrofula,  incipient phthisis,
chronic inflammation, syphilis, etc.  Dose  three
to six grains, or more.
  Acid, Lactic, see Lactic acid.
  Acid of Lemons, Citric acid—a. Lithenio* Uric
acid—a. Lithiasic, Uric acid—a. Lithic, Uric acid
—a. Marine Dephlogisticated,  Chlorine—a. Lac-
tic,  Lactic  acid—a.  Marine  dulcified, Spiritus
setheris muriatici—a. Mephitic, Carbonic acid—
a. of Milk, Lactic acid—a. Muriatic, see Muria-
ticum  acidum—a. Muriatic, dilute, Muriaticum
acidum—a. Nanceic, Lactic acid—a. Nitric, see
Nitric  acid—a. Nitric, dilute,  see Nitric acid—
a. Nitro-hydrochloric,  Nitro-muriatie acid — a.
Nitro-muriatic, see Nitro-muriatic acid—a. Ni-
trous,  dephlogisticated,  Nitric acid—a. Oxysep-
tonic,  Nitric  acid—a.  Picric,  Acid,  carbazotic
—a. Polygalic, see  Polygala  senega—a. Prus-
sic, Hydrocyanic  acid—a.  Pyroligneous, see Ace-
ticum  acidum—a. Pyrolignic,  Pyroligneous acid
—a. Rosacic, see  Porphyruria—a. of Sorrel, Oxa-
lic acid—a. of Sugar, Oxalic acid—a. Sulphhydric,
Hydrogen  sulphuretted—a.  Sulpho-hydric,  Hy-
drogen sulphuretted — a. Sulphuric,  see  Sul-
phuric  acid—a. Tannic,  Tannin—a. Uric, Uric
acid—a. Urino-benzoic,  Acid,  hippuric—a. Uro-
benzoic, A.  Hippuric—a.  Urous,  Uric  oxide—a.
Urylic, Uric acid.
  ACIDE ACETIQUE FAIBLE, see Aceticum
acidum—a. Azotique,  Nitric  acid—a. Boracique,
Boracic acid—a.  Chromique,  Chromic acid—a.
Gallique, Acid, gallic—a. Hydrocyanique, Hydro-
cyanic acid—a. Hydrosulfurique,  Hydrogen, sul-
phuretted—a.  Iodique, Acid, iodic—a. Lactique,
Lactic acid—a. Nitrique, Nitric  acid—a. Phos-
phorique, Phosphoric acid—a.  Prussique, Hydro-
cyanic acid—a. PyroacHique,  Pyroligneous acid
—a. Pyrolignique, Pyroligneous acid—a. Sulfu-
reux, Sulphurous  acid—a. Sulfurique,  Sulphuric
acid—a. Sulfurique delayl, Sulphuricum acidum
dilutum — a. Tannique,  Tannin — a. Tartrique,
Tartaric acid—-a.  Urique, Uric acid.
  ACIDITATIO, Acidities.
  ACID'ITIES,  Aco'res, Acidita'tio,   Ac"idum
morbo'sum seu prima'rum via'rum, Ox'ytes, Sordes
ac'ida, (F.) Aigreurs.   Sourness  of the stomach,
the result of indigestion, indicated by  acid eruc-
tations, etc.  The affection  is very common  in
children, and must  be  obviated  by absorbents,
as magnesia, chalk, etc., and by regulated diet.
  ACIDOLOG"IA, from  axis, axtios, 'a point,  a
sharp  instrument,' and Xoyos, 'a description.'  A
description of surgical instruments.
  ACIDOM'ETER, (F.) Aeidomltre, Plse-acide,
from acid, and ptTpov, 'measure.'   A hydrometer
for determining the density of acids.
   ACIDS, Ac"ida, Aco'res, are liquid, solid, or
gaseous bodies, possessed of a sour, more or less
caustic taste, and the principal character of which
is the  capability of saturating, wholly or in part,
the alkaline properties of bases.
ACIDUM ACETICUM
   Acids, in general, are refrigerant and antisep-
 tic.  Their particular uses are pointed out under
 the individual articles.
   To  ACID'ULATE,  (F.)  Aiguiser,  Aciduler.
 To render acidulous, or slightly acid.
   ACID'ULOUS, Acid'ulus, Suba"cidus, Oxo'des,
 Oxoi'des, (F.) Acidule, Aigrelet.   Substances are
 so called which possess a sourish taste, as tama-
 rinds, cream of tartar,  etc.
   Acidulous Fruits.  Oranges, gooseberries, ete.
   Acidulous Waters, Aqua Acidula.  Mineral
 waters containing carbonic acid  gas sufficient to
 render them sourish.   See Waters, mineral.
   Acidulous Water,  Simple, Aqua Ac"idi Car-
 bon'ivi  (Ph. TJ. S.)  Aqua a'eris fixi seu acid-
 ula simplex. Liquor seu Aqua Soda efferves'cens,
 Aqua Oarbona'tis Soda acid'ula, Soda water, Mi-
 neral water,  (F.) Eau acidule  simple, is  water
 impregnated with fixed air.
   Water, so impregnated, is cooling and slightly
 stimulating.  It is used beneficially in dyspepsia,
 and in cases of vomiting, etc.
   ACIDUM ACETICUM, Aceticum acidum—a.
 Aceticum  aromaticum, Acetum  aromaticum—a.
 Aceticum  camphoratum, see Aceticum acidum—
 a. Aceticum dilutum,  see Aceticum acidum—a.
 Aceticum  e Ligno venale, Pyroligneous acid—a,
 Aceticum  empyreumaticum, Pyroligneous acid—
 a. Aceticum glaciale, Aceticum acidum—a. Ace-
 ticum Scilliticum, Acetum scillae—a. Acetosella?,
 Oxalic  acid—a. Acetosum, Acetum—a. Allantoi-
 cum, Allantoic acid—a. Amnicum, Amniotic acid
 —a. Arsenicosum, .Arsenious acid—a.  Arsenio-
 sum (Ph. U. S.), Arsenicum album—a. Azoticuin,
 Nitric acid—a. Benzoicum,  Benjamin,  Flowers
 of—a.  Benzoylicum,  Benzoin,  Flowers  of—a.
 Boracicum, Boracic acid—a. Borussieum, Hydro-
 cyanic acid—a. Carbazoticum, Acid, carbazotic—
 a. Carbonicum, Carbonic acid—a. Citricum, Citrto
 acid—a. Gallicum, Acid, gallic—a. Hydriodicuni,
 Acid,  hydriodic — a.  Hydrocarbonicum,  Oxalic
 acid—a. Hydrochloricum, Muriaticum acidum—
 a. Hydrocyanicum, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Hydro-
 cyanicum  dilutum,  see  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.
 Hydrothionicuin liquidum, see Hydrosulphuretted
 water—a. Iodicum, Acid, iodic—a. Jatrophicum,
 see Jatropha curcas—a. Lacticum, Lactic acid—
 a. Ligneum,  Pyroligneous acid—a. Ligni pyro-
 oleosum, Pyroligneous acid—a. Lignorum empy-
 reumaticum, Pyroligneous acid—a. Limonis, Ci-
 tric  acid—a. Lithicum, Uric  acid—a. Marinum
 concentratum,  Muriaticum  acidum — a. Morbo-
 sum,  Acidities—a. Muriaticum,  Muriaticum  aci-
 dum—a. Muriaticum dilutum, Muriaticum acidum
 — a.  Muriaticum  nitroso-oxygenatum,  Nitro-
 muriatic acid — a.  Nitri,  Nitric acid—a.  Nitri
 dulcificatura, Spiritus  setheris nitrici—a.  Nitri-
 cum,  Nitric  acid—a.  Nitricum dilutum, Nitric
 acid—a. Nitro-muriaticum, Nitro-muriatiAfcid—
 a.  Oxalinum, Oxalic  acid—a.  PhosphSReum,
 Phosphoric acid — a. Picricum,  Acid,  carbazotic
 —a. Primarum viarum, Acidities—a. Prussicum,
 Hydrocyanic  acid — a. Pyroaceticum,  Pyrolig-
 neous  acid—a. Pyroligneum, Pyroligneous  acid
 —a. Pyroxylicum, Pyroligneous acid—a. Querci-
 tannicum, Tannin—a.  Sacchari, Oxalic acid—a.
 Saccharinum, Oxalic acid—a. Salis, Muriaticum
 acidum—a. Salis culinaris, Muriaticum acidum__
 a. Salis marini, Muriaticum acidum—a. Scytode-
 phicum, Tannin—a. Septicum,  Nitric acid__a.
 Succinicum, Succinio acid—a. Sulphuricum, Sul-
 phuric acid—a. Sulphuricum  alcoolisaturo, Elixir
 acidum Halleri — a.  Sulphuricum aromaticum
 Sulphuric  acid, aromatic—a.  Sulphuricum  dilu!
 turn, Sulphuric acid, diluted—a. Sulphuris vola-
 tile, Sulphurous acid—a. Sulphurosicum, Sulphu-
1 rous acid—a.  Tannicum, Tannin—a.  Tartari es-
1 sentiale, Tartaric acid—a. Tartaricum, Tartaric"
II acid—a. Tartarosuni,  Tartaric acid—a. Uricum 
ACIDURGIA
29
ACONITUM
Uric acid—a. Urolithicum, Uric acid—a. Vitrio-
Licum,  Sulphuric acid—a. Vitriolicum aromati-
cum, Sulphuricum acidum  aromaticum — a. Vi-
triolicum alcohole aromaticum, Sulphuricum aci-
dum aromaticum—a. Vitriolicum vinosum, Elixir
acidum Halleri—a. Zooticum, Hydrocyanic acid
—a. Zootinicum, Hydrocyanic acid.
  ACIDURGIA, Surgery (operative).
  ACIER, Chalybs.
  ACIES,  Chalybs—a. Digitorum manus,  Pha-
langes of the fingers—a. Diuxna, Hemeralopia.
  ACINE, Acinus.
  ACINE'SIA,  Acine'sis, Akine'sia,  Immobil'i-
tas, Quies, Requies, Requie'tio, Esych'ia, Erem'ia,
from o, privative, and Kivvtrts, 'motion,'  Ktvcw, 'I
move.'  Rest.   Immobility.  Also, the  interval
between the systole and diastole of the heart—
Parasystole.
  Under the  term Acineses,  Romberg  includes
the  paralytic  neuroses, or those that are charac-
terized by  defect of motive power.
  ACINI  OF  MALPIGHI, Corpora  Malpig-
hiana.
  ACINIFORMIS (TUNICA), Choroid, Uvea.
  ACINUS, A. glandulo'sus, from ac"inus,  'a
grape-stone,'  (F.) Acine.  A glandiform corpus-
cle, in which  secretion was supposed to  take
place, and the excretory radicle to arise.   Acini
are the glob'uli  arteria'rum ter'mini of Nichols.
The term ac"ini glandulo'si has also been  given
to glands which, like the pancreas, are arranged,
as it were, in clusters.  Glands thus formed have
been called glan'dula acino'sa.  See Lobule.
  ACIPENSER, see Ichthyocolla.
   ACIURGIA, Surgery (operative).
   ACLEITROCARDIA, Cyanopathy.
   ACMAS'TICUS, from aic^n, 'the top,' and craw,
 'I  remain.'   A fever  which preserves  an  equal
 degree of intensity throughout its course.   It is
 also called Homot'onos.  The Greeks  gave it the
 name  of Epacmas'ticos, and Syn'ochos, when it
 went on increasing, and Paracmas'tieos, when it
 decreased.—Galen.
   ACME, Vigor, Cor'yphe,  Culmina'tio, Status,
 Fastig"ium.  The  period of a disease  at which
 the symptoms are most violent.  Arche, Apx*>> is
 'the commencement;' anab'asis,  ava(Sacrig, 'the
 period of increase;' and acme, aKpt], 'the height,'
 (F.) Etat.
   ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  acmella—a. Mauriti-
 ana, Spilanthus acmella.
   ACMON, Incus.
   ACNE, Acna, Ion'thus varus, Varus, Psydra'cia
 Acne,  Stone Pock,  Whelk,  Bubucle,  (F.)  AcnS,
 Dartre pustuleuse  dissiminie.  A  small pimple
 or 'tubercle  on the  face. — Gorraeus.   Foesius
 thinks the word ought to be Acme; and, accord-
 ing^) Cassius, it is, at all  events, derived from
 axpti, 'vigour;'  the disease  affecting those  in the
 vigour of  life especially.
   Willan and Bateman have adopted the term in
 their Nosology of cutaneous diseases, and placed
 it in the order Tubercula.  Acne, with them, is
 an eruption of  distinct, hard, inflamed tubercles,
 sometimes continuing  for  a considerable length
 of time, and  sometimes suppurating  slowly and
 partially.   They usually appear on the forehead,
 temples, and  chin, and are common to both  sexes;
 but the most severe forms are seen in young men.
 They require but little management, and consist
 of  four varieties:  Acne indura'ta, A. simplex,
 (llaplodcne), A. puncta'ta  (Ion'thus varus  pnnc-
 ta'tus, Puncta  muco'sa, Crino'nes,  Comedp'nes
 or Maggot Pimple, Worms,  Grubs), and A. rosa'-
 cea.—See Gutta Rosea.
    Acne Mentagra, Sycosis—a. Rosacea,  Gutta
 Ro3ea—a. of  the Throat, .Pharyngitis, follicu-
 lar.
  ACNE'MIA, Akne'mia, from  a, privative, and
Kvnpn, 'the leg.'  Absence of legs.
  ACNE, Acne—a. Mollusco'ide, Molluscum.
  ACNES'TIS, from o, privative, and Kvauv, 'to
scratch.'  The part of the  spine which extends,
in quadrupeds, from between the shoulders to the
loins.  According  to  Pollux, the middle of the
loins.  The  vertebral column.
  ACNESTOS, Cneorum tricoccum.
  ACOE, Audition, Ear.
  ACGS'LIOS, from a, privative, and notXta, 'belly.'
Devoid of belly.   One who is so emaciated as to
appear to have no  belly.—Galen.
  ACOEMETER,  Acoumeter.
  ACOEMETRUM, Acoumeter.
   ACOENOSI, Aconusi.
   ACOESIS, Audition.
   ACOGNOSIA, Pharmacognosia.
   ACOLASIA, Intemperance.
   ACOLOGY, Materia Medica.
   AC.ONE,  Mortar.
   ACONIT A GRANDS  FLEURS, Aconitum
 cammarum—a. Salutaire, Aconitum anthora.
   ACONITA, see  Aconitum napellus.
   ACONITE, Aconitum.
   ACONITI FOLIA,  see  Aconitum—a. Radix,
 see Aconitum.
   ACONITIA, see Aconitum napellus.
   ACONITIN, see Aconitum napellus.
   ACONITINE, see Aconitum napellus.
   ACONITIUM, see Aconitum napellus.
   ACONI'TUM, from Ac'one, a place in Bithy-
 nia, where  it is common.   Cynoc'tonon, Parda-
 lian'ches, Pardalian'chum,  Oanici'da, Ac'onite,
  Wolfsbane,  Monkshood.   Ord. Ranunculaceae.
 Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria Trigynia.
   Aconitum, Aconite, in the Pharmacopoeia of
 the United  States, 1842, is the leaves of Aconi-
 tum napellus, and A. paniculatum.  In the last
 edition, 1851, Aconiti folia is the officinal name
 for  the  leaves, Aconiti radix  for that of the
 root.
   Aconi'tum An'thora,  A.   Salutif'erum seu
 Nemoro'sum seu Candol'lei seu Jacquini seu Eu'lo-
 phum seu Anthoroideum, An'thora vulga'ris, An'-
 thora, Antith^ora, Sal'utary Monkshood, Whole-
 some Wolfsbane, Yellow helmet flower, (F.) Aconit
 salutaire.  The root of this variety, as of all the
 rest, is poisonous.  It is used as a cathartic and
 anthelmintic.  Dose ^ss to Qj.
   Aconitum Anthoroideum, A. anthora.
   Aconi'tum Cam'marum,  A. panicula'turn, A.
 macran'thum,  A.   Kusnezo'vii,  (F.) Aconit  d
 grands fleurs,  resembles Aconitum Napellus in
 properties.
   Aconitum Candollei,  A.  anthora—a.  Eulo-
 phum, A. anthora.
   Aconitum Ferox, a most violent ranunculaceous
 poison, which grows in  Nepaul, and  is  the Bish
 or Bikh poison of that country.  Its effects are
 like those of the Aconitum Napellus.
   Aconitum Jacqcini, A. anthora—a. Kusnezovii,
 A. cammarum—a. Macranthum, A. cammarum.
   Aconi'tum Napel'lus,  Aconi'tum Napel'lua
 verus, Common -Monkshood or Wolfsbane, A. Ne-
 omonta'num, {¥.) Chaperon de Moine.  The leaves
 are narcotic, sudorific, and. deobstruent(?)  They
 have been used in chronic rheumatism, scrofula,
 scirrhus, paralysis,  amaurosis, etc.   The active
 principle is called Aconit'ia, Aconiti'na, Aconi'ta,
 Aconit'ium  or Aconit ine. ' A form for its  prepara-
 tion  is contained  in  the Ph. U- S. (1851).   It is
 uirfde by treating  an alcoholic extract of the root
 with dilute sulphuric acid; precipitating by solu-
 tion  of ammonia; dissolving  the precipitate  in
Ij dilute sulphuric acid; treating with animal ehar-
» coal; again precipitating with solution of ammo- 
ACONUSI
30
ACRID
nia;  washing with  water, and  drying.  It re-
quires 150 parts of cold and 50 of boiling water
to dissolve it, but is readily dissolved  by alcohol !j
and ether.  It  neutralizes the acids,  and forms
with  them uncrystallizable  salts.  It has  been
used  internally,  and especially  applied exter-
nally, in neuralgic cases, iatraleptically and en-
dermically.  Dose of Aconitum, gr. j.  to gr. iij.
  Aconitum Nemorosum, A.  anthora—a.  Neo-
montanum, A. napellus—a. Paniculatum, A. cam-
marum—a. Racemosum, Actaea spicata—a. Salu-
tiferum, A. anthora.
  Aconitum Uncina'tum, Wild  Monkshood, in-
digenous, is  said  to have similar virtues  with
Aconitum napellus.
  ACONU'SI, Acoen'oai,  Acoon'osi, from  axon,
'audition,' and vovaos, 'disease.'   Morbi au'rium
et audi'tus.  Diseases of the ear and audition.
  ACOONOSI, Aconusi.
  AC'OPIS.  Same etymon as.the next.  Pliny
gives this name to a precious stone,  which was
boiled in oil and used against weariness.
  ACOPON, from a, privative, and Konog, 'weari-
ness.' A remedy against weariness—Foesius, Gor-
raeus, Ac. Ac'opum,—Celsus, Pliny. SeeAnagyris.
  ACOPRIA, Constipation.
  ACOPROSIS, Constipation.
  ACOR BENZOINUS,  Benjamin—a. Boraci-
cus, Boracic acid—a. Succineus, Succinic acid—
a. Sulphuris, Sulphuric acid—a. Tartaricus,  Tar-
taric acid.
  ACORE BATARD, Iris  pseudacorus — a.
Faux,  Iris pseudacorus — a.  Odorant,  Acorus
calamus.
  ACORES, Acids, and Acidities.
  ACOR'IA, from  a, privative, and xopea, ' I sa-
tiate.'  An inordinate or  canine  appetite.—Hip-
pocrates.
  ACORI'TES.  A wine made of Acorns.—Dios-
corides.
  ACORMUS,  from a,  privative, and  icopuos,
•trunk.'  A monster devoid of a trunk.—Garlt.
  ACORN, JUPITER'S,  Fagus  castanea —a.
Oily, Guilandina moringa — a. Sardinian, Fagus
castanea.
  ACORNS.  See Quercus alba.  .
  ACORUS ADULTERINUS, Iris pseudacorus.
  Ac'ORUS Cal'amus, A. Verus seu Brazilien'sis,
Cal'amus Aromat'icus seu  Odorn'tns seu Vulga'-
ris, Typha Aromat'ica, Glava Rngo'sa, Sweet/lag
or  Ac'orus, Flagroot, Sweet  cane. Myrtle Flag,
Sweet grass, Sweet root, Sweet rush.   (F.)  Jonc
roseau  ou Canne aromatique, Acore odorant.
Ord. Aroideae ; Acoraceae.  (Lindley.)  Sex. Syst.
Hexandria Monogynia.  The rhizoma—Cal'amus
(Ph. U. S.—is stomachic and carminative, but is
rarely  used.   It is regarded as a good adjuvant
to bark and quinia in intermittents.
  Acorus Palustris, Iris pseudacorus—a. Vul-
garis, Iris pseudacorus.
  ACOS, Medicament.
  ACOS'MIA, from a, privative, and icoapos, 'or-
der, ornament.'   Disorder,  irregularity  in  the
critical days, according to Galen, who uses the
word Koapos for regularity in those days. Others,
and particularly Pollux, call bald persons axoapot,
because they are deprived of one  of their  most
beautiful ornaments.
  ACOU'METER, Acouom'eter, Acoem'eter, Aco-
'im'etrum, Acu'meter, Acusim'eter, (F.) Acoumltre,
from aKovoi, 'I bear,' and  ucrpov, 'measure.' An
instrument designed by M. Itard for  measuring
the degree of hearing.
  ACOUMETRE, Acoumeter.
  ACOUOPHO'NIA, Copho'nia;   from  aicovu,,
'I  hear,' and cputvti, 'voice,'  "Ans'cultntory Per-
eus'tion."  A mode of auscultation, in which the
observer places his ear on the chest, anil analyse
the sound produced by percussion.—Donne\
  ACOUS'MA, an imaginary noise.   Depraved
sense of hearing.
  ACOUS'TIC, Acus'ticus, (¥.) Acoustiqu*.  That
which belongs to the ear;  as Acoustic nerve,
Acoustic trumpet.
  Acoustic Medicine is one  used in diseased
audition.                .
  ACOUSTICO-MALLEEN, Laxator tympanL
  Acous'tics, Acus'tica.   (F.)  Acoustique.   The
part of physics which treats of the theory of
sounds.  It is also called Phonics.
  ACOUSTIQUE, Acoustic, Acoustics.
  ACQUA BINELLI, Aqua Binellii —a. Broc-
chieri, Aqua Brocchierii — a. Monterossi, Aqua
Binellii — a. di  Napoli,  Liquor arsenicalis — a.
della Toffana, Liquor arsenicalis.
  ACQUETTA,  Liquor Arsenicalis.
  ACQUI, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   These
thermal sulphureous springs are in  Piedmont.
Their temperature is  167° Fahr., and  they con-
tain sulphohydric acid and chloride of sodium.
  ACQUIRED  DISEASES,  Morbi  acquis'iti,
M.  adventi'tii, M. epicte'ti.  Adventitious diseases.
(F.) Maladies acquises.   Diseases which occur
after birth, and  which are not dependent upon
hereditary predisposition.
  ACRAI'PALA, from a, privative, and KpatxaXy,
' drunkenness.'  Remedies  against the effects of
a debauch.—Gornaeus.
  ACRA'LEA, from axpos, 'extremity.' The ex-
treme parts of the body, as the  head, hands, feet,
nose, ears, Ac. — Hippocrates and  Galen.   See
A ere a.
  ACRA'NIA, from a, privative, and xpavtov, 'the
cranium.'   Want of cranium, wholly or in part.
  ACRA'SIA, from a, privative, or 'bad,'  and
Kpaati, ' mixture.' Intemperance. Excess of any
kind.  Surfeit.
  It has been employed to denote debility, syno-
nymously with Acratia;  but this may have been
a typographical  inaccuracy.
  ACRATI'A, from  a,  privative,  and  xparos,
'strength.'  Impotence;  weakness, fainting.
  ACRATIS'MA, from  a,  privative, and xepav-
wut, ' to mix.'  A breakfast, consisting of bread
steeped in wine, not mixed with  water.—Galen,
Athenaeus.
  ACRATOM'ELI, from atcparov, 'pure wine,'
and fiiXt, ' honey.'   Wine mixed with honey.
  ACRATOPE'G^!, Akratope'ga, from a, priva-
tive,  Kparos,  'strength,'  and Ttnyri,  'a  spring.'
Mineral waters having no marked chemical qua-
lities.
  ACRATOPOS^IA, from  acratum, and roan,
' drink.'  The drinking of pure or unmixed wine
  A'CRATUM,  aKparov,  from  a, privative,  and
Kparos,  'strength.'   Unmixed  wine,  Aeithum
vinum, Vinum merum.
  ACRATURE'SIS, from  acratia, 'weakness,'
and ovpnaig, from ovpov, < urine,' «the act of dis-
charging the urine.'  Inability to void  the urine,
from paralysis of the bladder.
  ACRE.   The extremity or tip of the nose.
  A'CREA, Acrote'ria, from a/tpoj, 'the summit'
Th e extreme parts of the body, as the feet, hands.
ears, Ac.                               »     i
  Also the extreme parts of animals that are used
as  food, Acroco'lia.
  ACRID, from  axpos, 'pointed,' or from a«j 'a
point,' Acer.   An epithet for substances which
occasion a disagreeable sense of irritation or of
constriction  at the top of the throat.
  Acrid heat, (F.) Chaleur dcre,is one that causes
a hot tingling sensation at the extremities of th«
fingers.
  Acrid Poison, See Poison.
  Acrids, in  Pathology, are certain imaginary 
ACRIDOPHAGI            31        ACT.EA  CIMICIFUGA
substances, supposed by the humourists to exist
in the humours, and to cause various diseases.
See Acrimony.
  ACRIDOPH'AGI.from atp^aKptSos, 'alocust,'
and cpayut, ' I eat.'  Locust-eaters. Acridophagous
tribes are said to exist in Africa.—Strabo.
  AC RIMONY, Aeu'itas, Acrimo'nia, from acer,
' acrid,' a«cij,' a point.' Acrimony of the humours.
An imaginary acrid change of the blood, lymph,
Ac,  which, by the humourists, was conceived to
cause many diseases.
  ACRIN'IA, from o, privative, and xpivw,  ' I
separate.'  A diminution in the quantity, or a
total suspension, of the secretions.
  ACRIS, a  sharp  bony prominence.   Also, the
locust.
  ACRI'SIA, Acri'sis,  from  a, privative, and
Kptats, 'judgment.'  A  condition of disease, in
which no judgment can be formed ; or in which
an unfavourable opinion must be given.—Hipp.
and  Galen.
   ACRISIS, Acrisia.
   ACRIT'ICAL, Ac'ritos, (F.) Acritique, from a,
privative, and Kptaig, 'judgment.'  That which
takes place without any crisis, or which  does not
foretell a crisis ; as a critical symptom, abscess, Ac.
   ACRITOS, Acritical.
   ACRIVIOLA, Tropaeolum majus.
   ACROBYS'TIA, Acropos'thia,from axpos, 'top,'
and j3u<i), ' I cover.'  The extremity of the prepuce.
—Hippocrates, Rufus.
   ACROBYSTITIS, Posthitis.
   ACROCHEIR',  Acrochir', Acrocheir'on,  from
aicpos,  ' extremity,'  and xuP>  ' *^e  hand.'  The
forearm and  hand.—Gorraeus.  Also,  the hand.
   ACROCIIOR'DON, from  axpos,  'extremity,'
and  X°P&1> 'a string.' A tumour which hangs by
a pedicle. A kind of hard wart, Verru'ca pens'-
His.—Aetius, Celsus.
   ACROCHORIS'MUS, from  axpos, 'extremity,'
and  x°Pevu>  ' I dance.'  A kind of dance, with
the ancients, in which the arms and legs  were
violently agitated.
   ACROCOLIA, Acrea.
   ACROCOLIUM, Acromion.
   ACROD'RYA, from  axpos, 'extremity,' and
8pvj,  'a  tree.'  Autumnal  fruits,  as nuts, ap-
ples, Ac.
   ACRODYN'IA,  Erythe'ma  acrod'ynum,  E.
acrodyn'ia,  Ohiropodal'gia,  (F.) Acrodynie, Mai
des pieds et des  mains, from  axpos, 'extremity,'
and  oivvn, 'pain.'   A painful  affection of the
wrists and ankles especially, which appeared in
Paris as an epidemic, in 1828 and 1S29.  It was
supposed by some to be rheumatic, by others to
be owing to spinal irritation. It appears to have
been the same as Dengue.
   ACROLENION,  Olecranon.
   ACROMASTIUM, Nipple.
   ACROMIA, Acromion.
   ACRO'MIAL, Acromia'lis.    Relating to the
Acromion.
   Acromial Ar'tery,  External Scap'ular,  A.
Arte'ria Thorac"ica humera'lis,  Artlre troisilme
des  Thoraciques,— (Ch.)  A.  Thoracique  humi-
rale, arises from the anterior part of the axillary
artery,  opposite the upper edge of the pectoralis
minor.   It divides into two branches: one,supe-
rior; the other, inferior,—the branches of which
are distributed to the subclavius, serratus  major
anticus,  first  intercostal, deltoid, and pectoralis
major muscles, as well as to the shoulder joint,  j
Ac. They anastomose with the superior scapular,  |
thoracic, and circumflex arteries.               I
   Acromial Nerves, Nervi acromia'les.  !
Branches of the fourth cervical nerve, which are  ■
distributed to the acromial region.               d
  Acromial Vein has the same arrangement as
the artery.
  ACRO'MIO-CORACOFDEUS.  Belonging to
the acromion and coracoid process.
  The triangular ligament between the acromion
and coracoid process of the scapula is so called.
  ACRO'MION, Acro'mium, Acro'mia, Acro'mis,
from axpot, ' the top,' and  upos, ' the  shoulder.'
Os Acro'mii, Hu'uterus summus, Armus summus,
Mucro hu'meri, Rostrum porci'num, Caput Scap'-
ula, Acroco'lium. The process which terminates
the spine of the scapula, and is articulated with
the clavicle.
  ACROMIS, Acromion.
  ACROMPHALIUM, Acromphalon.
  ACROM'PH ALON, Acrompha'lium,  from
axpoi, ' the  top,'  and  opcpaXos,  ' the navel.'   The
extremity of the umbilical  cord, which remains
attached to the foetus after birth.
  ACROMYLE. Patella.
  ACRO-NARCOTIC,  See Poison.
  A'CRONYX, from  axpos, 'the  summit,'  and
o*u(, ' the nail.'   Growing in of the nail.
  ACROPARAL'YSIS, from aws, ' extremity,'
and napaXvaii, ' palsy ;'  Paral'ysis extremita'turn,
Palsy of the extremities.—Fuchs.
  ACROPOSTHIA, Acrobystia.
  ACROPOSTHITIS, Posthitis.
  ACROPSI'LON, from  a/cpo;, 'extremity,' and
x^iXos,' naked.'  The extremity of the glans penis.
 - ACRORIA, Vertex.
  ACRORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus extremita'-
turn, from aicpoj,' extremity,' and ptvpa, 'defluxion,
rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the extremities.
  ACROS, aKpoi, 'extremity, top.' The strength,
of the Athletae, and of diseases; the prominences
of bones ; the extremities of the fingers, Ac.  See
Acrocheir,  Acromion, Ac.
  ACROSTICHUM  POLYPODIOIDES,  Poly-
podium incanum.
  ACROTERIA, Acrea.  See Extremity.
  ACROTERIASIS, Acroteriasmus.
  ACROTERIAS'MUS, Acroteri'asis. from a<cp*-
ri7pia,"'the extremities;' hence aKpornpiatyiv. 'to
mutilate.'  Amputation of the extremities.
  ACROTHYM'ION,  from aKpos,  'top,'  and
Svpov, 'thyme.'  A kind of conical, rugous, bloody
wart, a  " moist wart," compared by Celsus to the
flower of thyme.
  ACROT'ICA, from a/cpcs, 'summit.'  Diseases
affecting the excernent  functions of the external
surface of the body.
  Pravity of the fluids or emunctories that open
on  the  external  surface; without fever or other
internal affection as a necessary accompaniment.
  The 3d order of the class Eccrit'ica of Good.
  ACROTISMUS, Asphyxia.
  ACT, Actus,  from actum, past participle of
agere, ' to do,' ' a thing done.'  The effective ex-
ercise of a power or  faculty.   The action of an
agent.   Acte is  used by the French, to signify
the public discussion, which occurs in supporting
a thesis;—thus, soutenir  tin Acte  aux Ecoles de
Midecine, is, 'to defend a Thesis in  the Schools
of Medicine.'
  ACTA, Gesta.
  ACTMA CIMICIFUGA, A.  racemosa.
  Act^'a Racemo'sa,  A. Cimicif'uga, Cimicif •
uga racemb'aa, Macro'trys racemo'sa, Bot'rophii
Serpenta'ria (?), Serpenta'ria nigra, Black snake-
root, Richweed, Cohosh, Squaw root,  Rattlewetd,
Black Cohosh.  (F.) Actie d grappes, Serptntaire
noire.   Ord. Ranunculaceae. Stx. Syst. Polyan-
dria Pentagynia. A common plant in the United
States.  The root, Cimicif'uga (Ph. U. S.), is as-
tringent;  and,  according to  Barton, has been
successfully used, in  the form  of a decoction, as
a jrnrgle in putrid sore throat.  A decoction of
the root cures the itch.  It is acro-narcotic, and 
ACTE                  32           ADDUCENS  OCULI
has been used in rheumatism, acute and chronic;
chorea, Ac.
  Act^'a  Spica'ta,  Christophoria'na  spica'ta,
Aconi'tum racemo'sum, Baneberry,  Herb Chris'-
topher.   (F.) Herbe St. Christophe.   A perennial
herbaceous  European  plant, the root of which
resembles that of the black hellebore.   The root
is cathartic, and sometimes emetic,  and in  over-
doses may produce dangerous consequences.
  Acta'a America'na,  of  which there are two
varieties, A. alba and A. rubra,—white and red
cohosh,—is indigenous in the United States.   It
has the same properties as A. spicata.
  ACTE, Sambucus.
  ACTE, Act.
  AC TEE d GRAPPES,  Actaea racemosa.
  AC TIF, Active.
  ACTIO, Action,  Function.
  ACTION, Ac'tio, Opera!tio, Energi'a, Praxis :
from agere, actum,  ' to act.'  Mode in which one
object influences another.
  The  animal actions are those that occur in the
animal  body: the  vital, those that are  essential
to life :  the physiological, those of a healthy cha-
racter :  the  pathological or morbid, those that
occur in disease, Ac.   The ancients divided the
2>hysiological actions into vital, animal, natural,
sexual, particular, general, Ac.  See Function.
  ACTIONES NATURALES, see Function.
  ACTIVE, same etymon.   Dras'ticus,  Acti'vus,
Sthen'icus,  Hypersthen'ie.ua.  (F.)  Actif.  This
adjective is used, in Pathology, to convey the idea
of superabundant  energy  or strength.  Active
symptoms, e. g. are those of excitement.  In The-
rapeutics, it  signifies  energetic:—as, an active
treatment.  The French use the expression Me-
decine agissante, in contradistinction to Midecine
expectante.   In Physiology, active has a similar
signification, many  of the functions being divided
into active and passive.
  ACTON.  A  village  near London,  at which
there is a purgative mineral  spring, like that  at
Epsom.
  ACTUAL.  Same etymon as active.   That
which  acts  immediately.  A term  usually re-
stricted to the red-hot iron, or to  heat in any
form; in contradistinction to the potential or vir-
tual, which is applied to caustics or escharotics.
  ACTUA'RIUS.  Originally a title of dignity
given to the Byzantine physicians.
  ACTUS PARTURITIONIS, Parturition.
  ACUITAS, Acrimony.
  ACULEUS LIGNEUS,  Splinter.
  ACUMETER, Acoumeter.
  A'CUPUNCTURE, Acupunctu'ra, Acupuncta'-
1t°n, Acupunctura'tion, from acus, 'a needle,' and
punctura, a  puncture,' A  surgical  operation,
much in use amongst the Chinese and Japanese,
which  consists in puncturing parts with a very
fine needle.  It has been employed, of late years,
in obstinate  rheumatic affections, Ac, and appa-
rently with success.  Acupuncture is likewise a
mode of infanticide in some countries; the needle
being forced into the brain through.the fonta-
nelles, or into the spinal marrow, Ac.
  ACURGIA, Surgery (operative).
  ACUS, Needle—a. Capitata, Pin—a.  Invagi-
nata, see Needle—a. Ophthalmica, see  Needle—
a. Paracentica,  Trocar—a.  Paracentetica, Trocar
— a. Triquetra  vulgaris,  Trocar—a.  Veneris,
Eryngium campestre.
  ACUSIMETER, Acoumeter.
  ACUSIS,  Audition.
  ACUSTICA,  Acoustics.
  ACUSTICUS, Auditory.
  ACUTE, Acu'tus, Oxys,  ofuy, (okis, 'a point.')
(F.) Aigu.   A disease which, with a certain de-
ft, ee of severity, has a rapid progress, and  short
 duration, is  said  to  be "acute."—Oxynose'ma,
I Oxyn'osos, Oxynu'sos.
   Diseases were  formerly subdivided  into Moi bi
 acutis'simi, very  acute, or those which last  only
 three or four days : M. subacutis'simi, which con-
 tinue seven days :  and M. subacu'ti,  or  those
 which last from twenty to forty days.
   The antithesis to acute is chronic. Acute, when
 applied to pain, sound, cries, Ac, means sharp.
   ACUTENACULUM, Porte-aiguille.
   ACYANOBLEP'SIA, from o, privative, kvovos,
 ' blue,' and  ffXaru,  ' I see.'  Defective  vision,
 which consists in incapability of distinguishing
 blue.—Gothe.  See Achromatopsia.
   ACYESIS, Sterilitas.
   ACYRUS, Arnica montana.
   ACYSTINERVIA, Cystoparalvsis.
   ACYSTURONERVIA, Cystoparalysis.
   ACYSTUROTROPHIA, Cystatrophia.
   ACYTERIUS, Abortive.
   ADACA.  The Spharan'thus In'dictis, a Mala-
 bar plant, which is acrid and aromatic.
   ADAC'RYA, from a, privative, and SaKpvia, 'I
 weep.'  Defective secretion of tears.
   AD^MONIA, Anxiety.
   ADAKO'DIEN.   A  Malabar plant of the fa-
 mily Apocyneae,  used in that country in diseases
 of the eyes.
   AD'ALI,  Lip'pia.   A Malabar plant, which
 the Orientals regard as an antidote to the bite of
 the naja.
   ADAMANTINE SUBSTANCE,  Enamel of
 the teeth.
   ADAMAS, Diamond.
   ADAMI'TA, Adami'tum.   A  very hard, white
 calculus.—Paracelsus.
   The first word has been used for stone in the
 bladder:  the second for lithiasis or the calculous
 condition.
   ADAM'S APPLE,  Pomum Adami.
   ADANSONIA DIGITATA,  Baobab.
   ADAPTER, from ad and apto, ' I fit.' A  tube
 employed in pharmaceutical operations for length-
 ening the neck of a retort; or in cases where the
 opening of the receiver is not  large  enough to
 admit the beak of the retort.
   ADAR'CE, Adar'cion, Adar'cis. A concretion
 found about the  reeds  and  grass in the marshy
 regions of Galatia, and hiding them, as  it were:
 hence the name, from a privative, and  iepxia,'' I
 see.' It was formerly in repute  for cleansing the
 skin from freckles, Ac.
   ADARIGO, Orpiment.
   ADARNECH,  Orpiment.
   ADARTICULATIO, Arthrodia.
   AD CUTEM ABDOM'INIS (ARTERIA). The
 superficial artery of the abdomen,—a branch of the
 crural or femoral, which arises  at the lower part
 of Poupart's ligament, and ascends towards the
 umbilicus, being distributed to the integuments.
   ADD AD.  A Numidian plant; bitter and poi-
 sonous.
   ADDEPHAG"IA,  Adephag"ia,  from aifov,
 'much,'  and ipayetv,  'to eat.'   Voraciousness.
 Galen and Hoffmann have given this  name to
 voracious  appetite in  children affected   with
 worms.  Sauvages refers  it  to  Bulimia.  Also,
 the goddess of gluttony.
   ADDER'S TONGUE, Ophioglossum vulgatum.
   ADDISON, DISEASE OF, see Capsulefrenal.
   ADDITAMEN'TUM. A  term once  used sy-
 nonymously  with Epiphyaie.  It  is now restricted
 to  the prolongation  of two  cranial sutures, the
 lambdoidal and squamous.
   Additamentum  Coli, Appendix  vermifonnis
 caeci—a. Necatum, Olecranon—a. ad Sacro-lum-
 balem, see Sacro-iumbalis — a.  Uncatum ulnaa
 Olecranon — a. Ulnae, Radius.
   ADDUCENS  OCULI, Rectus internus oculi. 
ADDUVTEUR DE L'CEIL     33            ADENONCOSIS
  ADDUCTEUR DE L'CEIL,  Rectus inter-
nus oculi—a. du Gros orteil,  Adductor pollicis
pedis—a.  Premier ou  moyen,  Adductor  longus
feinoris—a. du Pouce,  Adductor pollicis  manus j
—a. Second ou petit, Adductor brevis—a. Troi-
ailme ou grand, Adductor magnus.
  ADDUCTION, Adduc'tio, from ad, 'to,' and j
ducere, ' to draw.'  Parago'ge.  The  action by
which parts are drawn towards the axis of the
body.
  The  muscles which execute this function are
called Ad due'tors.
  ADDUCTOR MEDII DIGITI PEDIS,  Pos-
terior medii digiti pedis—a. Oculi, Rectus inter-
nus oculi.
  Adduc'tor Metacar'pi min'imi Dig"iti, Me-
tacar'peus, Car'po-metacar'pens min'imi dig"iti,
is situate between the adductor and flexor,  next
to the  metacarpal bone.  It arises, fleshy, from
the unciform  process of the  os  unciforme, and
from the contiguous part of the annular ligament
of the wrist, and is inserted, tendinous and fleshy,
into the fore-part of the metacarpal bone of the
little finger, from its base to its head.
  Adduc'tor Pol'licis Manus, A. Pol'licis, A.
ad  min'imum dig"itum, Metacar'po-phalan'geus
pol'licis—(Ch.)  (F.) Adducteur  du pouce.  A
muscle which  arises,  fleshy,  from almost  the
whole  length of the metacarpal bone of the mid-
dle finger, and is inserted into  the inner part of
the root of the first bone of the thumb.
  Adduc'tor Pol'licis Pedis, Antith'enar, Me-
tatar'so-subphalan'geus pollicis.—(Ch.)   Tarso-
metatarsi-phalangien du pouce.  (F.) Adducteur
du  gros  orteil.  Arises by  a long, thin tendon,
from the under part of the os calcis, from the os
cuboides, os cuneiforme externum, and from the
root of the metatarsal bone of the second toe.  It
is divided into two fleshy portions, and is inserted
into the external sesamoid bone, and root of the
metatarsal bone_of the great toe.
  Bichat has given  the general name, Adduc'-
tors, to those of the interosseous muscles of the
hand  or  foot, which perform the action  of  ad-
duction.
  Adductor Tertii Digiti Pedis, Prior tertii
digiti pedis.
  Adductors of the  thigh.   These are three
in number, which have, by some anatomists, been
united into one muscle—the Triceps Adduc'tor
Fem'oria.
  1. Adduc'tor longus fern'oris, Adduc'tor fem'-
oria primus,  Triceps minor, Pu'bio-femora'lis—
(Ch.)  (F.) Premier ou moyen adducteur.  Arises
by a strong tendon from the upper and fore part
of the  os pubis and ligament of the symphysis,
nt the inner side of the pectinalis.  It runs down-
wards and outwards, and is inserted by a broad,
flat tendon, into the middle of the linea aspcra.
  2. Adduc'tor  brevis,  A. fern'oris secun'dus,
Triceps secun'dus, Sub-pubio-femora'lis — (Ch.)
(F.) Second ou petit Adducteur.  Arises  tendi-
nous from the os pubis, at  the side of its sym-
physis, below and behind the last muscle.  It
runs obliquely outwards, and is  inserted by a
short, flat tendon into the inner and upper  part
of the  linea aspera, from a little  below the tro-
chanter minor to the beginning of the insertion
of the  adductor longus.
  3. Adduc'tor magnus, Adduc'tor fern'oris  ter'-
tini et  qnartus, Triceps magnus, Is'cliio-femora'-
lis—(Ch.) (F.) Troisilme ou grand adducteur, is
much larger than either of the others.   It arises
from the ramus of the pubis,  from that  of  the
ischium, and from the tuber ischii, and is inserted
into the whole length of the linea  aspera.  Near
the io'.vor part of the linea aspera it is pierced
by a kind of oblique, fibrous canal, through which
the  crural artery and vein pass.                I
  ADEC.  The inner man.—Paracelsus.
  ADECTA, Sedatives.
  ADELIPARIA, Polysarcia.
  ADELODAGAM.   A  bitter Malabar plant,
used in asthma, catarrh, and gout.
  ADELPHIA, see Adelphixia.
  ADELPHIX'IA, Adelphix'is; from  a&Xipos,
'brother.'  Consanguinity of parts in health or
disease; Frater'nitas, Fratra'tio.  Hippocrates
used  the word Adel'phia for diseases that re-
semble each other#
  ADELPHIXIS, Sympathy.
  ADEMONIA, Depression, Nostalgia.
  ADEMOSYNE, Depression, Nostalgia.
  ADEN,  ainv,   'a  gland;'  hence  Adenalgia,
Adeniform,.&o.—see Gland.
  ADENAL'GIA, Adenodyn'ia, from  aiijv,  'a
gland,' and aXyas, ' pain.'  Glandular pain.
  ADENECTOP'IA,  from  ainv, 'a gland,' and
acrovos, ' removed from  its place.'  Dislocation
of a gland.
  ADENEMPIIRAX'IS, from  ainv, ' a gland,'
and tpuppafa, ' obstruction.'  Glandular obstruc-
tion.
  ADENIES, Adenopathies angibromiques.  Dis
eases of the glands connected with the digestive
tube.—Piorry.
  ADEN'IFORM, Adeniform'is, Ad'eno\ des,
Ad'enoid, from  Aden, 'a  gland,' and  Forma,
' form or resemblance.'   Glun'diform, or resem-
bling a gland.
  ADENITE, Adenitis—a. Lymphatique, Lym-
phadenitis.
  ADENI'TIS, from  ainv, 'a gland,  and itis, a
termination denoting inflammation. Phlegma'sia
adeno'sa seu glandulo'sa.  (F.) Adenite.  Glandu-
lar inflammation.
  Adenitis Lymphatica, Lymphadenitis.
  Adeni'tis  Mesenter'ica, Mesenteric Gangli-
onitis.   Inflammation of the mesenteric glands.
  Adenitis Palpebrarum Contagiosa, see Oph-
thalmia.
  ADENOCE'Ll, from ainv, 'a gland,' and KnXi,,
'a  rupture,'  'a tumour.'.  Under  this term Mr.
Birkett  includes  tumours   of the  mammae,
which contain structures similar to, if not identi-
cal with, the normal secreting tissue of the gland,
and  more  especially the  cysto-sarcoma,  and
chronic mammary tumours of surgical authors.
  ADENOCHIRAPSOLOG"IA, from ainv,  'a
gland,' x"P> ' the hand,' air™,  ' I lay hold of,' and
Xoyos, 'a description.'  The doctrine of curing
scrofula or the king's evil by the royal touch.
  ADENOCHON'DRIUS, from ainv, 'a gland,'
and x°vfy°s> 'a cartilage.' Relating to gland and
cartilage, — for example, Arthrophy'ma adeno-
chon'drium, a tumefaction of the glands and car-
tilages of joints.
  ADENODERMIES SYPHILITIQUES, A.
symphyosiques, from  air/v, 'a  gland,' and ieppa,
' skin.'  Syphilitic affections of the glands of the
skin.
  ADENODYNIA, Adenalgia.
  ADENOG'RAPHY, Adenogra'phia, from a«V,
' a gland,' and ypatytn,' I describe.'  That part of
anatomv which describes the glands.
  ADENOID, Adeniform.
  ADENOIDES, Adeniform.
  ADENOL'OGY, Adenolog"ia, from  ainv, ' '
gland,' and Xoyos, 'a description.'  A treatise on
the glands.
  ADENOMALA'CIA, from aiVv, <a gland,'and
paXaKia,  'softening.'   Mollescence  or softening
of a gland.
  ADENO-MENINGEAL,  see  Fever,  adeno-
meningeal.
  ADENONCOSIS, Adenophyma. 
ADENONCUS              34             ADIPOCIRE
  ADENONCUS, Adenophyma.
  ADENO-NERVOUS FEVER, Plague.
  ADENOPATHIES  ANGIBROMIQUES,
Adinies.
  ADE'NO-PHARYN'GEUS, from a^v, 'a
gland,' and cpapvy^,  Qapvyyos, 'the  pharynx.'
Some fleshy fibres, which pass from  the  con-
strictor pharyngis inferior to the thyroid gland,
have received this name.  Their existence is not
constant.                   .
  ADE'NO-PHARYNGI'TIS.  Same etymon.
Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx,
  ADEXOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi.
  ADEXOPHY'MA, Adenon'cus,  Adenonco'sis,
from  ainv, 'a  gland,' and  Qvna, 'a  swelling.'
Swelling of a  gland, or glandiform  ganglion.
(F.) Glandage.   Adenophyma is used by some to
signify a  soft glandular  swelling;—Adenoncus,
one of a harder character.—Kraus.
  Adenophyma Inguinalis.  Bubo.
  ADENOSCIR'RHUS,  Adenosclero'sis,  from
aitjv, ' a gland,' and omppos, ' induration.'   Scir-
rhous induration of a gland.
  ADENOSCLEROSIS, Adenoscirrhus.
  ADENOSIS SCROPHULOSA, Scrofula.
  ADENO'SUS, (Absces'sus).  A hard,  glandular
abscess, which suppurates slowly.—M. A. Seve-
rinus.
  ADENOSYNCIIITONITIS, Ophthalmia Neo-
natorum.
  ADENOT'OMY, Adenotom'ia, from ainv,  'a
gland,' and rtpyw, ' I cut.'  Dissection  of the
glands.
  ADEPHAGIA, Addephagia, Boulimia.
  ADEPS, genitive Adipis, Adeps Suillus, Oxyn'-
gium,  Pingue'do,  Lar'idum,  Lardum,  Lard.
(Prov.)  Mort,  Sallis,  Swinesame.   Pig's  flare.
The fat of the hog.   In  the Ph. U. S., the pre-
pared fat of Sus scrofa, free from saline matter.
  Adeps  Anseri'nus, Adeps  an'seris or  Goose
grease, (F.) Graisse d'Oie, is emollient.  It has
been used as an emetic.
  Adeps  Cantharidibus  Medicatus, Unguen-
tum lyttae medicatum— a. Cortice Daphnes gnidii
medicatus, Unguentum epispasticum de Daphne
gnidio—a. Humanus,  Liquamumia—a. Hydrar-
gyro medicatus, Unguentum Hydrargyri—a. ex
Hydrargyro mitius dictum cinereum, Unguentum
oxidi hydrargyri cinereum—a. Hydrargyri  muri-
ate  oxygenato medicatus,  Unguentum tnuriatis
hydrargyri oxygenati medicatum—a. Hydrargyri
nitrate medicatus, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis
—a. Hydrargyri oxido rubro  et plumbi acetate
medicatus, Unguentum ophthalmicum—a. Lauro
medicatus, Unguentum laurinum — a. Myristicae,
see Myristica — a. Ovilli, Sevum — a. Papavere,
hyoscyamo, et belladonna medicatus, Unguentum
populeum.
   Adeps  Pr^para'tus, A. Suillus Prapara'tus,
Hog's lard, Barrow's grease, Lard, Ax'nnge,
Axun'gia, Axun'gia  porci'na, (F.)  Graisse de
 Pore, Saindoux, Axonge, is prepared by  melting
pig's flare, and  straining it.  This is called ren-
 dering the lard.  Lard is emollient, but is chiefly
 used for forming ointments and plasters.
   Adeps  Suillus Pr^eparatus, Adeps  Praepa-
 ratus—a.  Sulfure et ammoniae muriate medicatus,
 Unguentum sulphuratum ad scabiem—a. Sulfure
 et  carbonate  potassae  medicatus,  Unguentum
 sulphuratum alcalinum ad scabiem — a. Tartaro
 stibii medicatus, Unguentum antimonii tartarizati
 — a. Oxido  zinci medicatus,  Unguentum oxidi
 zinci impuri.
   ADEPT, Alchymist.
   ADEP'TA MEDICI'NA.  Medicine,   which
 treated of diseases contracted by celestial opera-
 tions, or communicated from heaven.
    Adepta Philosophia, Alchymy.
  ADERMONERVIA, Dermatoneuria.
  ADERMOTROPH'IA, from  a,  priv., StpfM,
'skin,'  and Tpo<pn,  'nourishment.'  Extenuation
or atrophy of the skin.
  ADFLATUS, Afflatus.
  ADILERKNTIA, Adherence.
  ADHxESlO, Adherence.
  ADUATO'BA, Justic"ia adhato'da.  The Ma-
labar Nut Tree.  (F.) Noycr de Ceylon.  Used
in India for expelling the dead foetus in abortion.
The word is said to convey this meaning in the
Cevlonese.
  ADIIE'RENCE, Adhe'sion, Adharen'tia,  Con-
cre'tio, Atre'sia, Pros'jjhysis, Proscolle'sis,  Ad-
ha'sio, from adharere, (ad and harere,) 'to  stick
to.' These words are usually employed synonym-
ously.  The French often use adherence for the
state of union,  and adhesion for the  act of ad-
hering.
  ADHESION, Adherence.
  ADHE'SIVE  INFLAMMATION is  that in-
flammation which  terminates by  an  adhesion
between  inflamed  and  separated surfaces, and
which  was, at one time, supposed to be necessary
for such adhesion.
  Adhe'sive is also an  epithet for certain plasters
which  stick closely to  the skin.
  ADIANTHUM, Adiantum.
  ADIANTUM, A. pedatum.
  Adiantum  JEthiop'icum.  A South  African
plant,  Ord. Filices, an infusion of which  is some-
times  used as  an  emollient  in  coughs, and in
diseases of the chest.
  Adiantum Album, Asplenium ruta muraria —
a. Aureum, Polytrichum.
  Adian'tum Capil'lus Ven'eris, A. Coriandri-
fo'lium seu Nigrum,  Capil'lus Ven'eris, from o,
privative, and  itatvu), 'to  grow wet,' from the
leaves  not being easily moistened.  Maiden  hair.
(F.) Capillaire  de Montpellier.   A  European
plant,  of feeble, aromatic and  demulcent pro-
perties.  It is used for forming the Sirop de Ca-
pillaire or Capillaire.
  Adiantum  Coriandrifolium, A. Capillus Ve-
neris—a. Nigrum, A. Capillus Veneris.
  Adian'tum Peda'tum, A. Canaden'se  seu Pa-
tens, Adiantum, Capil'lus Ven'eris  Canadensis,
Herba Ven'eris,  Filix Ven'eris, Canada Maiden-
hair, American Maidenhair, Rockfern, Sweetfern,
(F.) Capillaire du  Canada, has the same proper-
tips.   Capillaire was once made from this.   See
Adiantum.
  Adiantum RuBRUM,Asplenium trichomanoides.
  ADIAPHANIE    PERICHRYSALTIQUE,
see Cataract.
  ADIAPHORO'SIS, Adiaphore'sis, from a, pri-
vative, ita, 'through,'and <S>opo$, 'a pore.' Defect
or suppression of perspiration, Adiapneus'tin.
  ADIAPH'OROUS,  Adiaph'orus,  Indiff'erens,
Neutral.  A medicine which will neither do  harm
nor good.
  ADIAPNEUSTIA, Adiaphorosis.
  ADIARRHffi'A, from a, privative, and iiap-
petv, 'to  flow.'  Retention of any excretion.—
Hippocrates.
  ADIATH'ESIC,  Adiathes'icus, from a, priva-
tive, and itaScots, ' diathesis.'  In the system of
controstimulism, adiathesic diseases are such as
occur  without any antecedent diathesis
   ADICE, Urtica.
   ADIPATUS, Fatty.
   ADIPEUX, Adipose.
   ADIPOCERA,  Adipocire — a.. Cetosa,  Ceta-
 ceum.
   ADIPOCIRE, Adipoce'ra, from adeps,  «fat'
 and cera, 'wax.'   The  base of biliary calculi.
 called also  Choi'esterine.   Also, a sort  of  soap
 formed from animal matter under certain cireum- 
ADIPOCIRE  DE BALEINE    35        .ED(EOGARGARISMUS
Stances.  (F.) Graa des Cadavres, Gras des Cime-
tilres.  The human body, when it has been for
some weeks in water, assumes this appearance;
and it has been a subject of legal inquiry, what
length of time is  necessary to produce it.   This
must, of course, depend upon various circum-
stances, as climate, season, Ac.
  ADIPOCIRE DE BALEINE, Cetaceum.
  AD'IPOSE, Ad'ipous, Adipo'sus,  from adeps,
 fat.'  (F.) Adipeux.   That which relates to fat-
as Adipose membrane, A. vessels, Ac.  See Fatty.
  Ad'ipose S.\Rco'MAof Ab'ernethy, Emphy'ma
tarco'ma adipo'sum, is  suetty throughout, and
enclosed in a thin  capsule of  condensed areolar
  ADROS, aipos, 'plump and full.'  Applied to
the habit of body, and also to the pulse.—Hippo
crates.
  ADSARIA PALA, Dolichos pruriens.
  ADSPIRATIO, Aspiration, Inspiration.
  ADSTANS, Prostate.
  ADSTITES GLANDULOSI, Prostate.
  ADSTRICTIO, Astriction, Constipation.
  ADSTRICTORIA, Astringents.
  ADSTRINGENTIA, Astringents.
  ADULAS'SO. The Justitia bivalvis.  A small
shrub, used in India as a local application in gout.
  ADULT, see Adult age.
  Adult  Age, Andri'a, from adolesccre,  'to
 substance, connected by means of minute vessels. i| grow to,' (ad and olere, olitum, 'to  grow.')  Vi
 It is chiefly found on the fore and back parts of
 the  trunk.  See Sarcoma.
   ADIPOSIS.  See Polysarcia.
   Adipo'sis Hepat'ica, Pimelo'sis  seu  steato'sis
 eeu  malax'is  hepat'ica, Hepar adipo'sum, Fatty
 liver, Fatty degeneration of the lirer, (F.) Dege-
 nerescence graisseuse du Foie.  Fatty disease of
 the  liver.
   ADIPOSUS, Fatty.
   ADIPOUS, Fatty.
   ADIP'SIA, Dipso'sis expers.  Absence of thirst,
   ADIP'SON, Adip'sui.i, from a, privative, and
 flnta, 'thirst.'  Any  substance  which relieves
 thirst.  Applied to a decoction of barley to which
 oxyrnel was added.—Hippocrates.
   ADIPSOS,  Glycyrrhiza.
   AD'ITUS,  'an entrance,' 'an approach ;' from
 adere, aditum, 'to go  to.'  Pros'odos.   The en-
 trance to a canal or  duct, as Aditus  ad Aquaduc-
 tum  Fallopii.
   Aditus ad  Tnfundibulum, Vulva.
   ADIULIS'TOS, from a, privative, and itvXifa,
 'I strain.'  Unstrained wine for  pharmaceutical
 Purposes.—Gorraeus.
   ADJUNCTUM, Accompaniment.
   ADJUTOR PARTUS, Accoucheur.
   AD'JUVANT, Ad'juvan:, from adjuvare, 'to
 aid.' A medicine, introduced into a prescription
 to aid the  operation of the principal ingredient 'I
 or basis.  Also, whatever assists in the removal j|
 or prevention  of disease.
   ADMINICULE, Adminic'ulum, (ad and ma-
 nus,  'a hand').  A prop,  a support.  Anything
 that aids the action of  a remedy.
   ADNASCENTIA, Prosphysis.
   ADNATA  (TUNICA,) Conjunctiva.
   ADNEE (MEMBRANE,) Conjunctiva.
   ADOLES'CENCE, Adolescn'tia,  Juven'ta, Ju-
 ven'tas, Juven'tus, JEtas bona, Youth; from ado-
 lesccre,  (ad and olescere,) 'to grow.' (F.) Jeun-
 esse.  The period between puberty and that at
 which the body acquires its full development;
 being, in man, between the 14th and 25th years;
 and,  in  woman, between the 12th  and 21st.
   ADOLES'CENS, Ju'venis, Hebe'tes,  Hebe'ter,
 Hebe'tor, Hypene'tes.  A youth.   A young man
 in the period of adolescence.
   ADO'LIA.  A Malabar plant,  whose leaves,
 put  in oil, form a liniment, used  in facilitating
 labour.
   ADOR, Zea mays.
   ADORION, Daucus  carota.
   ADOUCISSANT. Demulcent.
   AD PONDUS OM'NIUM.  The weight of the
 whole.  In a prescription  it means, that any
 particular ingredient shall equal in weight the
 whole of the others.
   ADRAGANT, Tragacantha.
   ADRAGANTHE, Tragacantha.
   ADRA  RIZA, Aristolochia clematitis.
   ADROBO'LON, from aipos, 'great,' and PmXos,
 'mass.' The bdellium of India, which is in larger
pieces than that of Arabia.
 I ril'ity,  manhood.  The  age succeeding adoles-
 ! cence, and preceding old age.   In the civil law,
  an adult is  one, who, if a boy, has attained the
  age of fourteen years; and, if a girl, of twelve.
  In the common  law,  one of  full age.  Adult,
  Adul'tus, is  also used for one in the adult age.
    ADULTERATIO, Falsification.
    ADULTUS, see Adult age.
    ADUNCATIO UNGUIUM, Onychogryphosis.
    ADURENS,  Caustic.
    ADURION, Rhus coriaria.
    ADUST,  Adus'tus, from adnrere, (ad  and
  urere,)  'to  burn.'  The blood  and fluids were
  formerly said to be adust, when there was much
  heat in the constitution, and but little serum in
  the blood.
    ADUSTIO, Adustion, Burn.
    ADUS'TION, Adus'tio.  State of  the  body
  described under Adust. In surgery, it signifies
  cauterization.
    ADVENTITIOUS DISEASES, Acquired dis-
  sascs
    ADVENTITrUS, Accidental.
    ADYNA'MIA, Impoten'tia ; from a, privative,
  and ivvapt;, 'strength,' Adyna'sia,  Adyna'tia.
  Considerable debility of the vital powers; as in
  typhus fever.  Some Nosologists have a class of
 I diseases  under the  name  Adynamia,  Ec'lyses,
  Morbi asthen'ici.
    Adynamia Virilis, Impotence.
    ADYNAM'IC,  Adynam'icus, Hypodynam'ic,
 I Hypodynam'icus;  same etymon.  Appertaining
  to debility of the vital powers.
    ADYNASIA, Adynamia.
    ADYNATIA, Adynamia.
    ADYNATOCOMIUM, Hospital.
    ADYNATODOCHIUM,  Hospital.
    ADYNATOS, Sickly
    .3EDCEA, Genital Organs.
    JSDCE'AGRA, from atiota,  'genital organs,'
  and aypa, ' seizure.'  Gout in the genitals.
    JEDCEAG'RAPHY,  jEdozagraph'ia,  jEdce-
  og'raphy, from aiiota, ' organs of generation,' and
  yoaipoi, ' I describe.'  A description of the organs
  of generation.
    ^DO3AL'0GY, JEdo2alog"ia,^dceoVogy, from
  atiota, 'organs of generation,'and  Xoyos, 'a de-
  scription.' A treatise on the organs of generation.
    jEDCEAT'OMY, jEdozatom'ia,  JEdccotom'ia,
  jEdceot'ome, jEdceot'omy, from aiiota,  ' organs of
  generation,' and repvu, ' I cut.'  Dissection of the
  parts  of generation.
    iEDffil'TIS, JEdoeoti'tis, Medei'tis;  from at-
  iota, 'organs of generation,' and itis, denoting
  inflammation.  Inflammation pf the  genital or-
  gans.
   ^EDCEOBLENORRHOSA, Leucorrhoea.
   iEDQSODYN'IA, from aiioia, 'organs of gene-
 ration,' and  oiwn, 'pain.'  Pain in  the  genitals.
  Pudendagra.
   iEDGSOGARGALUS, Masturbation, Nympho-
 mania.
   ^EDCEOGARGARISMUS, Masturbation,
I Nymphomania. 
JED(EOGRAPHY
36
AEROMANCY
  ^DOEOGRAPHY, JEdoeagraphy.
  iEDGSOLOGY, ^doealogy.
  iEDCEOMANIA, Nymphomania.
  iEDCEOMYCODERMI'TIS, from atiota,  'or-
gans of generation,' pvicos, 'mucus,' and icppa,
'skin.'  Inflammation of the mucous membrane
of the genital organs.
  .DDCEON, Inguen.
  iEDCEOPSOPHESIS, .Edoeopsophia.
  iEDOEOPSOPH'IA, JEdoeopsophe'sis, from at-
iota, ' dtgans of generation,' and \|/o0£iv, ' to make
a noise.'  Emission of wind by the urethra in
man, by the vagina in woman.—Sauvages and
Sagar.
  jEdceopsophia Uterina, Physometra.
  iEDCEOS'COPY, JEdozoscop'ia, from  aiiota,
'organs of generation,' and  ukoicuv, 'to view.'
Exploration of the organs of  generation.
  ^EDOEOTITIS, ^Idoeitis—se. Gangraenosa, Col-
pocace— ae.  Gangraenosa  puellarum, Colpocace
infantilis — ae. Gangraenosa puerperarum,  Colpo-
cace puerperarum.
  ^EDCEOTOME,  JEdoeatomy.
  iEDCEOTOMIA, iEdoeatomy.
  ^?D030TOMY,  ^Edoeatomy.
  jEDOPTOSIS, Hysteroptosis — se. Uteri,  Pro-
lapsus uteri—ae. Uteri inversa, Uterus, inversion
of the—ae. Uteri retroversa, Retroversio uteri —
ae. Vaginae, Prolapsus V.—ae. Vesicee, Exocyste.
  jEEIG'LUCES, Aeig'luces, from act, ' always,'
and  yXvKus, 'sweet.'  A kind of sweet wine or
must.—Gorraeus.
  .ffiGAGROPI'LA, jEgagropi'lus,from atyaypos,
' the rock goat,' and -riXos, ' hair,'  Bezoar d'Alle-
magne, Pihi  Dama'rum seu Rupicapra'rum. A
bull composed of hairs, found in the stomach of
the goat: once used medicinally.
  ^IGEIROS, Populus.
  MQ'ER, Sick.
  iE'GIAS,  uEgis, jEglia,  JZ'gidcs, from at!;,
oiyos, 'the goat;' why, is not known.  (F.) Aige
or Aigle.  There is obscurity  regarding  the  pre-
cise meaning of this word.  It was used to desig-
nate an ulcer, or speck on the  transparent cornea.
—Hippocrates.
  Maitre Jean  uses it for a calcareous deposit
between the conjunctiva and sclerotica.
  .EGIDES, J2gias.
  jE'GILOPS, An'chilops, An'kylops, from aif,
aiyos, ' goat,' and taxp, ' the eye.' An ulcer at the
greater  angle of the eye, which sometimes  does
not penetrate to the lachrymal sac, but at others
does, and constitutes fistula lacrymalis.—Galen,
Celsus. Oribasius,  Aetius, Paulus of JSgina, Ac.
  ^GI'R INON.  An ointment of which the fruit
ar flower of the poplar was an ingredient; from
ttyuoos, ' the black poplar.'
  .EGLIA, jEgias.
  .EGOCERAS, Trigonella foenum.  .
  iEGOLETHRON, Ranunculus flammula.
  2EG0NYCH0N, Lithospermum officinale.
  2EGOPHONIA, Egophony.
  uEGOPHONICUS, Egophonic.
  ^GOPODIUM PODAGRARIA, Ligusticum
podagraria.
  iEGRIPPA, Agrippa.
  iEGRITUDO, Disease—ae. Ventriculi, Vomit-
ing.
  ^EGROTATIO,  Disease.
  iEGROTUS, Sick.  '
  ^EGYP'TIA.  An epithet  for  several  medi-
cines, mentioned  by  Galen,  Paulus of iEgina,
and Myrepsus.
  jEgyptia Moschata, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
  jEGYP'TIA  StYPTF/'rIA,  Kiyvicria arv-nrnpia,
^Egyptian alum.  Recommended by Hippocrates.
  JEgyp'tia  Ul'cera ; ^Egyptian  ulcers.  Ulcers
of the fauces and tonsils, described by Aretaeus,
is common in Egypt and Syria.
  ^EGYPTIACUM, JEgyp'tion, Mende'sion, Mel
jEgyptiacum, Phar'macum jEgyptiacum.  A pre-
paration of vinegar, honey, and verdigris, scarcely
used now, except by veterinary surgeons as a de-
tergent.  See Linimentum JSruginis.
  J3GYPTION, iEgyptiacum.
  uEGYPTIUM  MEDICAMENTUM AD
AURES, Pharmacum ad aures.
  iEGYP'TIUS  PESSUS:  ^Egyptian  pessary.
A pessary, composed of honey, turpentine, butter,
oil of lily or of rose, saffron, each one part; with
sometimes a small quantity of verdigris.
  AEICHRYSON, Sedum.
  JEIPATHEIA, see Continent (Disease.)
  AEIPATHIA, see Continent (Disease.)
  iEMOPTOICA PASSIO, Haemoptysis.
  ^NEA, Catheter.
  .EOLECTHYMA, Variola.
  iEOLLION, Varicella.
  .EOLLIUM, Varicella.
  iEON, aiusv.  The entire age of a man from
birth till death.—Hippocrates, Galen.   Also, the
spinal marrow.  See Medulla Spinalis.
  JEONESIS, Fomentation.
  J30NI0N, Sedum.
  ./EO'RA,  from aiwptu, ' I suspend.'  Gestation,
swinging.—Aetius, Celsus, Ac.
  JEQUALIS, Equal.
  ^EQUA'TOR OCULI.  The line formed by the
union of the upper and under eyelid, when they
are closed.  It is below the middle of the globe.
  iEQUIVOCUS, Equivocal.
  AER, Air.
  AERATION OF TnE BLOOD, Haematosis.
  AERATUS, Carbonated.   ,
  AERENDOCAR'DIA,  (F.)   Airendocardie,
from atip, 'air,' and endocardium.  Presence of
air in the endocardium or lining membrane of the
heart.—Piorry.
  AERE, Carbonated.
  AERENTERECTASIA, Tympanites.
  ^EREOLUM, JEreolus, Ohalcus.  The sixth
part of an obolus by weight, consequently about
2 grains.
  -53'RESIS, aiptcrn, ' the removal of any thing.'
A suffix  denoting  a removal or separation, as
Apharesis, Diaresis, Ac.
  AERETHMIE, Emphysema.
  AtiRETHMOPNEUMONIE, see Emphysema
of the Lungs.
  AERGIA, Torpor.
  AERHJEMATOX'IA,  (F.) ASrhimatoxie ;
from anp, 'air,' aipa, 'blood,' and to^ikov, 'poison.'
Poisoning by the reception of air into the blood-
vessels.
  AERIF'EROUS, Aerifer, (F.) AMfire, from
aer, ' air,' and ferre, ' to carry.'  An epithet for
tubes which convey air, as the larynx,  trachea,
and bronchia.
  AKRIFLUX'US.  The discharge of gas, and
the fetid emanations from the sick.  Flatulence.
—Sauvages.
  AKRODERMECTASIA, Emphysema.
  AKRODIAPH'THORA, from a„p, <nir,' and
itdcpdopa, ' corruption.'  A corrupt state of the air.
  AERO-ENTERECTASIA, Tympanites.
  AEROHYDROP'ATHY.    Aerohydropathi'a,
from avp, 'air,' himp, 'water,'and *a$oS,< affec-
tion.  A mode of treating disease, in which ail
and water are the chief agents employed
  AEROL'OGY; Aerolog"ia, Aerolog"i'c-e, frora
avo,  air, and AoyOS, 'a description.'  That pari
of physics which treats of the air, its qualities
uses, and action on the animal economy      ''
  AEROMAN'CY, Mromanti'at from a',P <,ir
and uavrcta, divination.'  An art in judicial as 
, AttttUMJbJLl                37                  .ETHER
trology, which consists  in the foretelling,  by
means of the air, or substances found in the at-
mosphere.
  AEROMELI. Fraxinus  ornus.
  A&ROPERITONIE, see Tymparfites.
  AEROPHOB'IA, from  anp, 'air,'  and cpoffos,
'fear.'  Dread of the air.   This symptom often
accompanies hydrophobia, and sometimes hyste-
ria and other affections.
  AEROPHOB'ICUS, Aeroph'obus;  same ety-
mon.  One affected with aerophobia.
  AEROPHOBUS, Aerophobicus.
  AEROPHTIIORA, Aerodiaphthora.
  AEROPLEURIE, Pneumothorax.
  AEROPNEUMONASIE, see Emphysema of
the Lungs.
  AEROPNEUMONECTASIE, see Emphy-
sema of the Lungs.
   AERORA'CHIA, from anp,  'air,'  and  pa^u,
'spine.'   Accumulation of air in the  spine.
   AEROSIS, Pneumatosis, Tympanites.
   AKROTHORAX, Pneumothorax.
   iERUCA, Cupri subacetas.
   M R U'G I N 0 U S, JErugino'sus, lo'des, from
arugo, 'verdigris.'  (F.)  Erugineux.  Resem-
bling verdigris in  colour; as  the  bile when dis-
charged at times from the stomach.
   JEliU'GO, to;,  from  as, 'copper.'  The  rust
of  any metal, properly of brass.  See Cupri Suba-
cetas.
   jErugo Ferri, Ferri subcarbonas—ae. Plumbi,
Plumbi subcarbonas.
   iES, Cuprum.
   iESCHOS, ato~xos- Deformity of the body gene-
rally, or of some part.—Hippocrates.
   JES'CULUS HIPPOCAS'TANUM, from esca,
4 food,' [ ?] Casta'nea  equi'na,  Pavi'na, Horse-
chestnut,  Buck-eye.  (F.)  Marronier ou Marron-
nicr d'Inde.  Ord. Hippocastaneae.   Sex. Syst.
 Heptandria Monogynia.   The bark has  been
 advised as a substitute for cinchona.   Both bark
 and fruit are astringent.   Externally, it has been
 employed, like cinchona, in gangrene.
   ^ESECAVUM, Brass.
   ESTATES, Ephelides.
   .ZESTHE'MA,  amdnpa,  ato&nparos,  'a  sensa-
tion,  a perception.'  See  Sensation  and  Sensi-
bility. In the plural, asthe'mata, the  apparatuses
 of the senses.
   J1STHEMATO L'O G Y, JEsthematolog" ia ;
from aioQnpa, aiadnparo; and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'
 The doctrine of, or a treatise on, the senses, or
 on the apparatus of the senses.
   iESTHEMATONU'SI,  JEsthematorganonu'si,
 from  atodnpa, atadnparos,  and vovaot, ' diseases.'
 Diseases affecting sensation.
   jESTHEMATORGANONUSI,  .Estbe-
 matonusi.
   MSTIIESIOG'R AVRY,JEsthesiogra'phia,
 from aioSncns, 'perception, sensation,'and  ypacpy,
 ' a description.'   A description of the sensorial
 apparatuses.
   JESTHESIOL'OGY, JEsthesiolof'ia, from
 aiaSnsts,  ' perception,  sensation,'  and Xoyos,  ' a
 discourse.'  The doctrine of, or  a  treatise  on,
 sensation  or the  senses.
   iESTHE'SIS,   Aisthe'sis, from  ataSavopai,  <I
feel.'  The faculty of being affected  by a  sensa-
tion.   Perception.   Sensibility,  as well as  the
senses themselves.  See Sense.
   JESTHETERION, Sensorium.
   ^ESTHET'ICA, from aiadavopat, 'Ifeel.'  Dis-
eases affecting the sensations.  • Dulncss, depra-
vation or abolition of one or more  of the external
organs of sense.   The 2d order, class Neurotica,
of  Good.  Also, agents that affect sensation.—
Pereira.
  ^ISTIVUS, Estival.
  .ESTUARIUM, Stove.
  ^ESTUATIO, Ardor, Ebullition, Fermentation.
  jESTUS, Ardor.
  JUSTUS Volat'icus.  Sudden  heat, scorching
or flushing of the face.—Vogel.
  JETAS, Age — ae. Bona, Adolescence—ae. De-
crepita, Decrepitude — ae. Mala, Senectus — ae.
Provecta, Senectus — ae. Senilis, Senectus.
  .33THER, Ether, from atSnp,' air,' or from at$w,
'I burn.'  Naphtha.   Liquor athe'reus.  A vola-
tile liquor  obtained by distillation  from  a  mix-
ture of alcohol  and  a concentrated acid.   See
either sulphuricus, and Ether.
  jEther Aceticus, see .(Ether Sulphuricus—ae.
Chloricus, Chloroform, Ether, chloric.
  ./Ether Hydriod'icus,  Hydriod'ic or lodhy'-
drie Ether, Iodide of Ethyle.  (F.)  Ether iodhy-
drique: obtained  by mixing alcohol, parts V.;
iodine, parts x.; and phosphorus, one part, and
distilling.  It is used for iodine inhalation.
  .33ther Hydrociiloricus; either muriaticus.
  JEther Hydrocyan'icus, JE. Prus'sicus, Hy-
drocyan'ic or Prussic Ether, Hydrocy'anate of
Eth'trine, Cyan'uret of Eth'yle, (F.) Ether Hydro-
cyanique, has been  advised in  hooping-cough,
and where  the  hydrocyanic acid  is indicated.
Dose, 6 drops.
  JEmER  Lignosus, Acetone — ae. Martialis,
Tinctura seu Alcohol sulfurico-aethereus ferri.
  ./Ether Muriat'icus,^. Hydrochlo'ricus, Mu-
riat'ic, Chlorohy'dric or Marine Ether, Mu'riate
of Etherine, Chloride of Ethyle.  This ether, on
account of its volatility, can. only be kept in cool
places.   It has the properties of  the other ethers,
and when used is generally mixed with an equal
bulk  of alcohol.  It has been  employed as an
anaesthetic.
  A Chlorinated Chlorohydric Ether, (F.) Ether
Chlorhydrique chlori, formed by the action of
Chlorine on Chlorohydric  Ether, has been intro-
duced into practice as a local anaesthetic.
  ^2ther  Muriaticus Alcoholicus,  Spiritus
aetheris muriaticus—x. Nitricus, see iEther Sul-
phuricus— sb.  Nitricus  Alcoolisatus,  Spiritus
aetheris nitrici—ae. Pyro-aceticus,  Acetone — ae.
Nitrosus, see iEther sulphuricus.
  2Ether Sulphu'ricus, ^thtr (Ph. U.  S.), JE.
 Vitriol'icus,  Naphtha Vitrioli  seu Su/phu'rica,
O'leum vitriole  dulce, Sul'phuric  Ether.   (F.)
Ether, Ether sulfurique, vitriolique ou hydrati-
que.   Ether prepared from sulphuric acid and
alcohol.
  Rectified Ether, JEther recti flea'tus, prepared
by  distilling 12  oz. from a mixture of sulphuric
ether,  f3xiv, fused  potass, ^ss.  and  distilled
water, fgij, is a limpid, colourless, very  inflam-
mable, volatile liquor; of a penetrating and fin-
grant odour, and hot pungent taste.  Its s. g. is
0.732.
  JEther  Sulphuricus, Sulphuric  Ether of the
Pharmacopoeia  of the  United States  (1842),
JEther of that of 1851, is formed  from  alcohol,
Oiv; stdphuric  acid, 0j ; potassa, £vj ; distilhd
water, tffiij ; distilling and redistilling according
to the process there laid down.   The specific gra-
vity of this ether is 0.750.
  It is a diffusible stimulant, narcotic and  anti-
spasmodic, and  is externally refrigerant.  Dus^,
gtt. xxx to f^iss. When etjier is  inhaled, it is
found to be a valuable anaesthetie agent: and is
employed with advantage in spasmodic affections,
and in surgical operations.  See Anaesthetic.
  The Parisian  Codex has  an  JEther ace'tiens,
Naphtha Ace'ti,  (F.) Ether acitique ; an JEthe"
muria'ticus seu hydrochlo'ricus, (F.) Ether chlor-
hydrique; an JEther niLXricus seu nitro'sus, (EJ 
iETHEREA HERBA
38
AFFUSION
 Ether nitrique  ou nitreux ou  "zoteux;  and an
JEther phoxphora'tua.   Tney all possess similar
virtues.  See Anaesthetic.
  JSthi:r Sulphuricus Acidus, Elixir acidum
Ilalleri — ae. Sulphuricus cum alcohole, Spiritus
aetheris sulphurici—ae. Sulphuricus cum alcohole
arornaticus,  Spiritus aetheris aromaticus.
  jEther  Tkrebinthina'tus, Terebinth'inated
ether, made by mixing gradually two  pounds of
.alcohol, and half a pound of spirit of turpentine,
with two pounds of concentrated nitric acid, and
 distilling one-half the mixture with a gentle heat.
 Employed externally and  internally  in  biliary
 calculi, rheumatism, Ac.  Dose 20 to 40 drops,
 in honey or yolk of egg.
  iETHEREA HERBA, Eryngium maritimum.
  jETHE'REAL, jEthe'reus,  Ethe'real, Ethe'-
 reous, (F.)  EthSrie.  An  ethereal tincture, (F.)
 Tcinture etheree, is one formed by the action of
 sulphuric ether, at  the ordinary temperature, on
 medicinal substances.   An ethereal oil is a vola-
 tile oil.  See Olea Volatilia.
   jETHERISUUS, Etherism.
   ^THERISATIO, Etherization.
   JETHERISATUS, Etherized.
   ^lTIIE'REO-OLEO'SA(Remedia),from^E,^e-
 roleum,  ' a  volatile oil.'  Remedies, whose pro-
 perties are dependent upon  the volatile oil they
 contain.
   7ETIIER0LEA, Olea volatilia.
   .ETHIOP'ICUS LAPIS, Ethiopian stone.  A
 stone formerly supposed to be possessed of con-
 siderable virtue.—Oribasius.
   JETIIIOPIFICA'TIO,  JEthiopopoe'sis, JEthi-
 opis'mus, uEthiopio'sis, from sEthiops, nn&facere,
 ' to make.'   The mummy-like colouring of the
 skin, induced  at times by the use of mercurial
 ointment; and seen in bodies poisoned by arsenic.
   J3TIIIOPIOSIS,  JEthiopificatio.
   JETHIOPIS, Salvia sclarea.
   .ffiTHIOPlSMUS, iEthiopificatio.
   JETIIIOPOPOESIS, .Ethiopificatio.
   iE'THIOPS, from  at$o>,  'I burn,'  and u^,
 'countenance.'  A black or burnt countenance.
 The  ancients  gave this name to  certain oxides
 and sulphurets of metals, which were of a black
 colour.
   ^Ethiops Albus, Albino — ae. Alcalisatus, Hy-
 drargyrum cum creta-S-ae. Animal, see Choroid.
   iETHloi's Mautia'lis, Mar'tial  Ethiops,  Ferri
 Deutox'ydum nigrum.  The  black deutoxide of
 iron  : once in repute as  a tonic.   See  Oxydum
 Ferri nigrum.
    JSthiops Mineralis, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
 nigrum—x. Narcoticus, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
 nigrum—;e. per se, Hydragyri oxydum cinereum
 —ae. Saccharatus,  Hydrargyrum  saccharatum—
 ae. Vegetabilis, see Fucus vesiculosus.
    iETHOL'ICES, from a«$w, 'I burn."  Fiery
 pustules on the skin.  Some  have  considered
 them to have  been boils.
    .ETHUSA AMMI, Sison ammi.
    jEthu'sa Cyna'pium, Fool's Parsley, (F.)Faux
 Persil, Petite  Cigue.   Family, Umbelliferse. Sex.
 Syst.  Pentandria Digynia.   A poisonous  plant,
 which has been mistaken for true parsley, pro-
 ducing nausea,  vomiting, headache,  giddiness,
 sopor, and at times, fatal result* It resembles
 conium in its  action.
    uEthu'sa  Meum,  Meum,  M. Athaman'ticum,
 feu Anethifo'liitm, AtTutman'ta Meum, Ligtts'ticum
 C'lpi/la'ceum seu Meum, Ses'eli Meum, lieu, Spig-
 uel, Baldmvney.  (F.) Ethuse, Meum. The root has
 been advised as carminative, stomachic, Ac.
    vETIOL'OGY,  sEtiolog"ia, Etiol'ogy,  Aitio-
 log"in,  from  aina,  ' cause,'  and  Xoyos, ' a dis-
 course.'  The doctrine of the causes of disease.
  jETI'TES, or  AETITES,  from  aeros,  'an
ea-le.'  Eagle-stone, Pierre  d'Aigle, Hydrate de
tritoxide de fer.  This stone was formerly sup-
posed to facilitate delivery, if bound on the tliign ;
and to  present abortion, if bound  on the arm.
It was also called Lapis Collymus.
  ;ETOI, or AETOI PHLEBES, Temporal veins.
  JETOLION, Cnidia grana.
  AFFADIL, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
  AFFADISSEMENT, (F.) from fade, 'insipid.*
That  condition of the digestive function in which
the appetite  is  diminished, the  sense  of tasio
blunted, and the action of the stomach enfeebled;
a state  usually accompanied by general languor.
  AFFAIBLISSEMENT, Asthenia.
  AFFAIRES, Menses.
  AFFAISSEMENT, Collapsus.
   AFFECTIO, Affection—a. Arthritica Cordis,
Cardiagra—a. Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis
—a. Hysterica, Hysteria — a. Sarmatica, Plica —
a. Tympanitica, Tympanites.
   AFFECTION, Affec'tio,  from  officio or affec-
tare  (ad and facere,)  'to  move or influence.'
Any  mode in which the mind or body is  affected
or modified.
   AFFECTION  TYPHOlDE, see  Typhus —
a. Vaporeuse, Hypochondriasis.
   AFFECTIONES ANIMI,  Affections  of  the
mind.
   AFFECTIONS OF THE MIND, Affee'tus seu
Passio'nes seu Affectio'nes  seu  Conqnassatio'nea
 seu  Confusio'nes seu Turbatio'ties seu Perturba-
 tio'nes an'imi, (F.) Affections de I'dme include not
 only  the different  passions, as love, hatred, jea-
lousy, Ac, but every condition of the mind that
is accompanied by an agreeable  or disagreeable
feeling, as pleasure, .fear, sorrow, Ac.
   In Pathology, Affection, Pathos, Pathe'ma, ii
 synonymous with  disease:  thus we  speak  of  a
pulmonary affection, a calculous affection, Ac.
   AFFECTIONS DE L'AME.  Affections of
the mind.
   AFFECTIVE. That which affects, touches, Ac.
 Gall  gives the term affective faculties,  (F.) Facul-
 tes affectives, to functions  dependent upon  the
 organization of the brain,  comprising the senti-
 ments, affections, Ac.
   AFFECTUS, Passion — a. Faucium pestilens,
 Cynanche maligna—a. Hyderodes, Hydrops—a.
 Spasmodico-convulsivus  labiorum, Neuralgia fa-
 ciei.
   AF'FERENT, Af'ferens, Centrip'etal, Esod'ic,
 from affero, (ad and fero,  ' to  carry,') ' I bring.'
 Conveying inwards, as from the periphery to the
 centre.  The vessels which convey the lymph or
 chyle to the lymphatic glands, are called afferent,
 vasa  afferen'tia  seu inferen'tia.   Also, nerves
 that  convey  impressions  towards the  nervous
 centres —nervi entobanon'tes.
   AF'FION, Aff'ium, Of'flum.  Opium.  The
 Bantamese thus designate  an electuary of which
 opium is the basis, and which they use as an ex-
 citant.
   Al'FLA'TUS, Adfla'tus,  Epipnoi'a, from ad,
 'to,' and flare, 'to blow.'   Any  air that strikes
 the body and produces disease.
   AF'FLUENCE, Afflux, from affluerc, (adand
 flnere, ' to flow,') ' to flow to.'  A flow or deter-
 mination of humours, and particularly of blood,
 towards any part. '
   AFFLUXUS, Fluxion.
   AFFRODILE, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus
   AFFUSIO, Affusion—a. Frigida, see  Affusion
 —a.  Orbicularis, Placenta.
   AFFU'SION,Affu'sio, Pros'cly.U, Epich>y*is,
 from ad, to,' and fundere, fusum, ' to pour '  The
 action of pouring  a liquid  on  any body ' AfTu
I awns, Rhyptolu'sia, cold and warm, are used  in 
AFIUM                  39          AGGLUTINATIF
different diseases.  The cold affusion, Affu'sio
seu Perfu'sio frig"ida, is said to have been bene-
ficial in cutting short typhus fever and scarlatina,
if used during the first days.  It consists in pla-
cing the patient in a tub, and pouring cold water
over him ; then wiping him dry, and putting him
to bed.   The only precaution necessary is, to use
it in the state of greatest heat and exacerbation ;
not when chilliness, or topical  inflammation, is
present.
  AFIUM, Opium.
  AFTER-BIRTH, Secundines.
  AFTER-PAINS, See Pains, labour.
  AG A CEMENT, (F.) from aicafyiv,' to sharpen.'
The setting on edge.
  All AC EM EXT DES DENTS.   A disagree-
able sensation experienced when acids are placed
in contact with  the teeth.   Tooth-edge.  Setting
the teeth on edge.
  AGACEMENT DES NERFS.  A slight irri-
tation  of the  system,  and  particularly  of the
organs  of sense and locomotion, corresponding
nearly to the  English Fidgets.
   AG AH, Intermittent Fever.
   AUALACTATJO, Agalactia.
   AGALACTIA, Agalax'ia, Agalac'tio, Agalac-
ta'tio,  Defcc'tus lac'tis, O/igoga'lia, Oligogalac-
tia, from a,  privative, and yaXa, 'milk.' Absence
of  milk in the mammae.
   AGALAXIA, Agalactia.
   AGAL'LOCHUM,  from ayaXXui, ' I decorate,'
 Calambac,  Calambouk, Lig'num Agal'lochi veri
seu Al'oes seu Aspal'athi, Xylo'dloes, Aloes wood.
A resinous  and very aromatic  wood of the  East
Indies, from Excaca'ria Agal'locha, Cynome'tra
Agal'lochum,  Aloex'ylon Agal'lochum.  Used in
making pastils, Ac. — Dioscorides,  Oribasius,
Paulus.
   AGAMOUS,  See  Cryptogamous.
   AG'ARIC, Agar'icum, Agar'icus.  A genus of
plants in the  Linnaean system, some of which are
edible, others poisonous.  It is supposed to  have
been so called from Agaria,  a region of Sarmatia.
—Dioscorides. Among the edible varieties of the
Boletus, the  following are  the chief:—1. The
Agar'icus edn'lis seu Arven'sis seu Sylvat'icus
seu Campes'tris, (F.) Agaric comestible et cham-
pignon  de  couche.   2.  The Agar'icus odora'tus,
(F.) 3Iousseron.  The most common poisonous
varieties are the Agar'icus  neca'tor, (F.) Agaric
meurtrier ;  and, 2. The Agaricus acris, (F.) Aga-
ric acre;  besides  the Auranite,  a sub-genus,
which includes  several species.  One of the  most
delicate is  the Agaricus Aurantiacus, but care
must be taken  not to confound  it with the A.
Pseudo-aurantiacus, which  is  v?ry  poisonous.
The A. aurantiacus is called, in French, Oronge.
See Poisons, Table of.
   Agaric, see Boletus igniarius—a. Amadouvier,
Boletus laricis—a. Blanc, Boletus larieis—a. de
 Chene,  Boletus  igniarius—a. Female, Boletus ig-
niarius — a. of  the Oak,  Boletus  igniarius — a.
 Odorant, Daedalea suaveolens—a. White, Boletus
laricis.
   AGARICUM, Boletus igniarius.
   AGARICUS, Boletus igniarius—a. Albus, Bo-
letus laricis—a. Arvensis, see Agaric—a. Auran-
tiacus,  Amanitae, Bolites — a. Auriculaeforma,
Peziza  auricula—a. Campestris, see Agaric—a.
Chirurgorum, Boletus  igniarius — a.  Igniarius,
Boletus  igniarius—a.  Laricis,  Boletus laricis—
a.  Pseudo-aurantiacus, Amanitas — a.  Quercfls,
Boletus igniarius — a.  Sylvnticus, see Agaric.
   AGARIFIED, See Feverish.
   AGASTRONER'VIA, (F.) Agastronervio, from
a. privative, yaarnp,' stomach,' and vtvpov,' nerve.'
Want of nervous action in the stomach.
  AG ASYLLIS GALBANUM.Bubon galbanum.
  AGATHIS DAMARRA,  Pinus  damarra.      j
  AGATIIOSMA  CRENA'TUM,  Diosma  cre-
nata.
  AGATHOTES CHIRAYITA,  Gcntiana chi-
rayita.
  AGA'VE AMERICA'NA, A. Ramo'sa, Amtn.
can Agave, American aloe, Maguey, from ayzvos,
' admirable.'  Nat. Ord. Bromeliaceae.  Sex. Syst.
Hexandria Monogynia.  This plant has  been
considered diuretic  and antisyphilitic  The fa-
vourite  drink of the Mexicans—Pulque—is the
fermented juice of this plant.
  Agave Ramosa, A. Americana.
  Agave Virgin'ica, Rattlesnake's master, False
aloe,—grows in  the Southern States.  The root
is very bitter.  It has been used in tincture as a
carminative in colic; and as a remedy for  bites
of serpents.
  AGE, 'nXtKia, Heli'kia, JEtas ;—Of uncertain
etymon.  Period of life.  Time that has -elapsed
since  birth, Ac.  Five ages are often  designated
in the life of man : 1.  First infancy (lufan'tia ;)
2. Second infancy (Pueri"tia;) 3. Adolescence
(Adolescen'tia;) 4.  The  adult age  ( Viril'itas ;)
5. Old age, (Old Eng.) Elth,  (Senec'tus.)
  AGENEIOS,  Imberbis.
  AGEN'ESIS, from a, privative, and ytvtots,
'generation,' (F.) Agenisic.   Imperfect  develop-
ment of any part of the  body ; as cerebral age-
nesis, i. e. imperfect development of the brain in
the foetus.  See Monster.
  AGENNESIA, Impotence, Sterilitas.
  AGENNESIS, Impotence.
  AGENOSO'MUS, from  a,  privative, yevvau,
' I generate,' and autpa, ' body.'  A malformation
in which the fissure and  eventration are chiefly
in the lower  part of the abdomen;  the urinary or
sexual apparatus absent,  or very rudimentary.
  AGENT,   Agens, from agere, 'to  act.'  Any
power which produces, or tends to produce, an
effect on the human body.  Morbific agents, (F.)
Agens morbifiques, are the  causes  of disease;—
therapeutical agents,  (F.) Agens therapeutiques,
the means of treating it.
  AGER NATURiE, Uterus.
  AGERA'SIA, Insenescen'tia, from a, privative,
and yripas, ' old age.'  A  vigorous and green old
age.
  AGERATUM, Achillea ageratum—a. Altissi-
mum, Eupatorium ageratoides.
  AGE'RATUS  LAPIS,  Kynparos.   A  stone
used  by cobblers  to  polish shoes.  It  was for-
merly esteemed  discutient and astringent.—Ga-
len, Oribasius, Paulus.
  AGES, Palm.
  AGEUSIA, Ageustia.
  AGEUS'TIA, Agheus'tia, Ageusia, Apogeut'-
4ia, Apogeu'sis, Dysasthe'sia gustato'ria,Anasthe'-
sia gustato'ria,  Parageu'sis, from a, priv., and
yevats,  'taste.'   Diminution  or loss of taste,
AnasiHe'sia lingua.—Sauvages, Cullen.
  AGGLOM'ERATE, Agglomera'tus, from ag-
glomerare, (ad and glomerare, 'to wind up yarn
in a ball,') 'to collect together.'  Applied to tu-
mours or glands in aggregation.
  AGGLU'TINANT,  Agglu'tinans,  Collet'icus,
Glu'tinans, from gluten, 'glue,' (F.) Agglutinant,
Agglutinatif Glutinatif Colletique.  Remedies
were  formerly, so called, which were  considered
capable of un^ng divided parts.—Paulu3.
  Plasters are called agglutinants, (F.) aggluti-
natifs, which adhere strongly to the skin.  Cer-
tain bandages are likewise "so termed ; (F.) Ban-
delettes  agglutinatives.
  TO AGGLUTINATE.  The  French use the
word  agglutiner in the sense of ' to reunite;' as
agglutiner les llvrea d'une plaie, 'to reunite the
lips of a wound.'
  AGGLUTINATIF, Agglutinant. 
AGGLUTINAT10           40            AGRYPNODES
   AGGLUTINATIO, Coition.
   AGGLUTINATION,  Colle'sis,  Epicolle'sis,
 Proscolle'sis, Glutina'tio, from  agglietinare,  'to
 glue together.'  The first  degree  of adhesion.
 Also, the action of agglutinants.
   AGGLUTINER, To agglutinate.
   AG'GREGATE, Aggrega'tus, from  aggregare,
 (ad and gregare,)' to flock together,' 'to assemble
 together.'  Glands are called aggregate which are
 in clusters.  See Peyeri GlanduUe.   Aggregate
 pills, (F.) Pilules agrigatives, signified, formerly,
 those which were believed to contain the proper-
 ties of a considerable number of medicines, and
 to be able to supply their place.
   AGHEUSTIA, Ageustia.
   AGHOUL, Agul.
   AGIAHA'LID or  AGIHA'LID or AGRA-
 HA'LID.  An  Egyptian and Ethiopian  shrub,
 similar to Ximenia.  The Ethiopians use it as a
 vermifuge.  The fruit is purgative.
   AGIHALID, Agiahalid.
   AGISSANT, Active.
   AGITATION, Agita'tio, Done'sis, from agere,
 'to act.'  Constant and fatiguing motion of the
 body, Tyrbe, Tyrba'sia, In'quies,—or distressing
 mental  inquietude,—An'imi Agita'tio.
   AGITATORIUS, Convulsive.
   AGLOS'SIA,  from  a, privativo, and yXiucaa,
 'the tongue.'  A malformation, which consists
 in the want of a tongue.
   AGLOSSOS'TOMA, from Aglossia, and aropa,
 'mouth.'  A mouth without a tongue.
   AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY,  Aglossostomo-
 gra'phia, from a,  priv., yXuoea, 'the tongue,'
 aropa,  ' the  mouth,'  and ypa<p<$, ' I  describe.'
 Description of a mouth without a tongue.—Ro-
 land, (of Saumur.)
   AGLUTI'TION, AgluW'tio, from a, priv., and
 glut ire, 'to  swallow.'   A hybrid term, designa-
 ting impossibility of swallowing.—Linnaeus.
   AGMA, Fracture.
   AGMATOLOG"IA, from aypa, ayparos, frac-
 ture, and Xoyos, 'a description.'  The doctrine
 of fractures.  A treatise on fractures.
   AGME, Fractures.
   AGMINA DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges
 of the fingers.—a. Membrana, Amnios.
   AGMINATED GLANDS, Peyer's glands.
   AGNAIL, Hangnail.
   AGNA'THIA, from a, priv., and yvados, 'jaw.'
 A malformation, which  consists in the want of
 the jaw, especially of the lower.
   AGNINA MEMBRANA, Amnios.
   AGNOI'A, Agnae'a, from a, priv., and ytviatncm,
 ' I know.' State of a patient who does not recog-
 nise individuals.—Hippocrates,  Galen, Foe'sius.
   AGNUS CASTUS,  Vitex.
   AQO'GE, ayutyn.  The order or condition of a
 disease.—Hippoc, Galen.  Likewise the state of
 the  air.—Hippoc, Galen, Gorraeus, Foesius.
   AGOGUE, aywyos,' a leader,' from ayut, ' I lead
 or expel.' Hence Cholagogue, an expeller of bile;
 Hydragogue, Ac.
   AGOMPHI'ASIS, Agompho'sis, from a, priva-
 tive, and yopcpou,  'I nail.'   Looseness of  the
 teeth.—Gorraeus.  See Gomphiasis.
   AGOMPHOSIS, Agomphiasis.
   AGON, Agony.
   AGONE, Hyoscyamus.
1   AGONIA, Sterilitas.
   AGONISMA, Agony.
   AGONISMUS, Agony.
   AGONIS'TICA, from ayuv, 'a combat.'  The
 part of ancient gymnastics, which had reference
 to the combats of the Athletae.
   Also, very cold water, given internally to calm
 febrile heat.—Paulus of iEgina.
   AGONIZANS, Psychorages.
   AG0N0S, Sterile.
death, from ayuv, 'a combat.'   The last struggle
of life.—Galen, Gorraeus, Ac.  The agony, which
is of longer or shorter duration, is characterized
by great change in the features, gradual abolition
of sensation and motion, loss of voice, dryness or
lividity  of the tongue and lips, rattling in  the
throat, small and intermittent pulse, and coldness
of the extremities.  This state is not present in
those who  die  suddenly.   See  Fades  Uippo-
cratica.
  AGOS'TUS, from nyw, 'I lead.' The fore arm
from the elbow to the fingers. Also, the palm of
the  hand.—Gorraeus.  See Palm.
  AGRA, aypa, from ayptut, 'I seize hold of.' A
seizure,  as Odontagra, a tooth seizure, toothache;
Chiragra, Podagra, Ac.
  AGRAFE DE  VALENTIN.  A kind of for-
ceps with parallel branches, employed by Valen-
tin  in the  operation for  hare  lip, to  effect the
approximation of the edges of the wound.
  AGRAHALID, Agiahalid.
  AGREGATIVES  PILULES.   See  Aggre-
gate.
  AGREMIE, from agrie, 'gout,' (Piorry,) and
aipa, 'blood.' The altered condition of the blood
in gout.—Piorry.
  AGRIA, Herpes exedens, Lichen agrius.
  A'GRIAMPELOS, Bryonia alba.
  AGRICOCCIMELEA, Prunus Spinosa.
  AGRIE,  Gout.
  AGRIFOLIUM, Ilex aquifolium.
  AGRIMONIA,   Agrimony — a.  Eupatoria,
Agrimony—a. Odorata, Agrimony—a. Officina-
lis,  Agrimony.
  Agrimonia Farviflo'ra, Small-flow'ered or
Sweet-scented Agrimony ; indigenous;  has  simi-
lar properties to A. Eupatoria.  See Agrimony.
  AG'RIMONY, Agrimo'nia, A. Eupato'ria seu
odora'ta seu officina'lis, Cuf'al, Lap'pula hepat'-
ica, Cockle-bur, Stickwort. (F.) Aigremoine.  Ord.
Rosaceae.   Sex. Syst. Icosandria  Digynia.  A
mild astringent and stomachic. Dose, in powder,
from 9j to 3J.
  Agrimony, Hemp, Eupatorium cannabinum—
a.   Small-flowered,  Agrimonia parviflora — a.
Sweet-scented, Agrimonia parviflora.
  AGRIOCASTANUM, Buniuin bulbocastanum,
Lyeoperdon tuber.
  AGRIOCINARA, Semrjervivum tectorum,
  AGRIORIGANUM, Origanum majorana.
  AGRIOSELINUM, Smyrnum olusatrum.
  AGRIOTHYM'IA,  from  ayptog,  'ferocious,'
and Svpos, 'disposition.'  Ferocious insanity.—
Sauvages.
  AGRIPALMA GALLIS, Leonurus cardiaca.
  AGRIP'PA,  JEgrip'pa,  from  oyer partus,
'difficult birth :'or perhaps from aypa, 'taking
or seizure,' and  »rouj, 'the foot.'  This term hal
been given to those born by the feet.  It is  pre-
tended that the family of Agrippa obtained their
name from this circumstance. Parturition, where
the  feet  present, is called Agrippa partus, Aqriu-
pinus partus.                              r
  AGRIPPINUS  PARTUS, see Agrippa
  AGRO DI CEDRO, see Citrus nfed ca
  AGROPYRUM LiEVISSiMUM, Triticum re-
pens.
  AGROSTEMMA GITHAGO, Lychnis -itha-o
  AGROSTIS,  Bryonia  albaL^ VerUeUhS;
Andropogon muncatus.                     ^
  AGRUNA, Prunus spinosa
  AGRYPNIA, Insomnia.
  AGRYPNOCOMA, Coma vigil
  AGRYPNO'DES, from ay^, ..,    ,
Characterized by sleeplessness,  as Febris J,
nodes, a fever accompanied with sleepletssnissP" 
AGRYPNOTICUS           41
AIRIGNE
  AGRYPNOTICUS, Anthypnotic.
  AGRYP'NUS, aypvnvos.  Sleepless, vigilant.
  AGUA DE  VERUGA, see Verugas.
  AGUARDIENTE, Brandy.  See also  Spirit.
—a. de Italia, see Spirit.
  A'GUE, from Gothic, agis, 'trembling.' (?) In-
termittent fever;  often used in the same sense
as chill or rigor.
  Ague and Fever, Intermittent fever.
  Ague,  Brow, Neuralgia frontalis.
  Ague Cake, Placen'ta febri'lis seu sple'nica,
Physco'nia sple'nica, Splenis Tumor; (F.) Ga-
teau febrile.   A visceral obstruction—generally
in the spleen—which follows agues, and  is dis-
tinctly felt  by  external  examination.    To  a
greater or less degree, it is not uncommon.
  Ague, Dead, see Fever, masked.
  Ague Drop, Tasteless, Liquor arsenicalis.
  Ague, Dumb, see Fever, masked — a. Face,
Neuralgia, facial.
  Ague, Free, Laurus sassafras.
   Ague, Leaping, see  Leaping ague — a. Quar-
tan, Quartan—a. Tertian, Tertian fever.
   Ague Tree, Laurus sassafras.
   Ague, Third-day, Tertian.
   Ague Weed, Eupatorium perfoliatura.
   AGU'IOS^. from  a,  priv., and yvtov,  'limb.'
Mutilated or wanting limbs.—Hippocr.   Weak,
feeble.—Galen.
   AGUL, Aghoul, Alha'gi,  the Hedisa'rum seu
Hedysa'rum alhagi.  A thorny shrub of Persia
and Mesopotamia,  which affords manna.  The
leaves are purgative.
   AGYR'IAS, from ayvpts, 'a collection.' Opa-
city of the crystalline.—Aetius, Pare.
   AGYR'TA, from ayvpis, 'a irowd.' Formerly,
a stroller who pretended to supernatural powers.
Subsequently, a quack or illiterate  pretender.—
See Charlatan.
   AGYRTIA, Charlatanry.
   AIIO'RA, from a, privative, and  'opa, 'youth.'
 Tardy development of the organs:  the opposite
to Hi/perho'ra.
   AHOUAI, Thevetia ahouai.
   AHUSAL, Orpiment.
   AHYPNIA, Insomnia.
   AIAULT, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
   AIDE (F.), Ad'jutor min'ister.  An assistant
to a surgeon in his operations.
   AIDOIOMANIA, Nymphomania.
   AIERSA, Iris Germanica.
   AIGE, Mgi&s.
   AIGLE, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Near the
city of this name, in Normandy, is the chaly-
beate spring  of St. Xantin, much  used  in the
 16th and 17th centuries.
   AIGLE, ^Egias.
   AIGRE, Acidulous—a. Voix.   See Acid.
   AIGRE LET, Acidulous.
   AIGRETTE,  Rumex  acetosa,  see  Typha
latifolia.
   AIGREMOINE, Agrimony.
   AIGREURS, Acidities.
   AIGU, Acute.
   AIGUES-CAUDES,  MINERAL WATERS
 OF, Aigues-chaudes, Eaux chaudes, Aqua cal'-
 ida.  Sulphurous  springs, about  six miles from
 Bonne's,  Basses Pyrenees,  in  France:  five  in
 number, the  temperature, of  which is,  respec-
 tively, about 70°, 81°, 92°, 93°, and 95°.
   AIGUILLE, Needle—a.  d Acupuncture,  see
Needle—a. d Appareil,  see Needle—a. d Bee de
Lilvre,  see Needle—a.  d Cataracte, see  Needle
—a. de Deschamps, see Needle—a. Engainee, see
Needle—a. d Fistule,  see Needle—a. d  Gaine,
see  Needle—a.  d  Ligature, see Needle—a. d
Manche, see Needle—a. d Seton, see Needle—a.
d Suture, see Needle.
   A1GUILLON (F.),  Spina  Helmon'tii.   A
term used since the time of Van Helmont to
designate the proximate cause of  inflammation.
According to him,  an  inflamed part  is in the
same condition  as if an aiguillon  or thorn were
thrust into it.
  AIGUISER,  To acidulate.
  AIL, Allium.
  AILE, Ala, Aileron.
  AILERON (F.),  Extre'ma Ala  seu  Pin'nula,
diminutive of (F.) Aile, a wing.  The  extremity
of the wing of a bird, to which the  great feathers
are attached.
  AILERONS DE LA  MA TRICE.   Three
folds at the base of the broad ligaments of the ute-
rus, which are occupied by the ovary and its liga-
ment, the Fallopian-tube, and the round ligament.
  AILING,  Sick, Sickly.
  AILMENT, Disease.
  AIMA, 'atua, sec  Haema.
  AIMANT, Magnet.
  AIMATERA, Hepatirrhoea.
  AIMORRHCEA, Haemorrhagia.
  AIMORRHOIS, liaemorrhois.
  AINE, Inguen.
  AIPATHIA,  Continent disease.
  AIPI, Jatropha manihot.
  AIPIMA  COXERA, Jatropha manihot
  AIPIPOCA,  Jatropha manihot.
  AIR, A'er, Pneuma, from ata,  ' I  breathe.'
 Common Air, Atmospheric air, (F.) Air attuosphS-
rique, is an  invisible, transparent,  inodorous, in-
sipid, ponderable, compressible, and elastic fluid,
which, under the form of the atmosphere,  sur-
rounds the earth to the  height of 15 or 16 leagues
  Air is essentially  composed of two gases, oxy-
gen and nitrogen, in the proportion of 20 of the
former to 80 of the latter.   Oxygen is the vital
portion, but  the nitrogen is necessary to dilute it.
Air also contains a small portion of carbonic acid
gas, and has always floating in it aqueous va-
pour, different  terrestrial emanations, etc.  Its
effects  upon the human body vary according to
its  greater or less density, temperature, moisture,
etc.; hence, change of air  is found  extremely
serviceable in the prevention and cure  of certain
morbid conditions.  See Climate, and Respiration.
  AIR  ACIDE  VITRIOLIQUE,  Sulphurous
acid—a. Alcalin, Ammonia—a. Atmosphirique,
Air.
  Air Bladder, Swim-bladder, Swimming-blad-
der, The Swim, (F.)  Vessie natatoire.   An ab-
dominal organ  in many fishes,  sometimes com-
municating  by  means  of a  duct,  Ductus pneu-
mat'icus, with  the  alimentary canal,  at others,
not, which is considered by some to  belong to
the respiratory  system.  Its contents are the ele-
ments of atmospheric air, but in different propor-
 tions;  and its chief and general function appears
to be to regulate the specific  gravity of the fish.
  Air Cells of the Lungs, Bronchial cells; see
 Cellule—a. Chamber, Folliculus aeris.
  Air, Dephlogisticated,  Oxygen — a. Empy-
 real, Oxygen.
  AIR  DU FEU,  Oxygen.
  Air,  Factitious, Carbonic acid — a.  Fixed,
 Carbonic acid — a.  Gati, Azote — a. HSpatiqne,
 Hydrogen sulphuretted—a. Inflammable, Hydro-
gen, Hydrogen carburetted — a. Mephitic,  Car-
bonic acid.
  Air Passages, (F.) Voies aeriennes, V. aeri-
fires.   The larynx, trachea, bronchia, etc.
  AIR  PUANT, Hydrogen, sulphuretted.
  Air, Pure,  Oxygen—a. Solid,  of Hales, Car-
bonic acid—a.  Vide, Azote—a. Vital, Oxygen.
  AIRAIN, Bell-metal, Brass.
  AIRE, Areola.
  AIRELLE ANGULEUSE, Vacejnium myr-
tillus—a. Ponctuee, Vaccinium vitis ideea.
  AIRIGNE, Hook. 
AIRTHREY               42            ALBUGINEOUS
  AIRTIIREY,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF.
Airthrey is  situate about two  miles  north of
Stirling,  Scotland.  The  waters  are saline ca-
thartics; containing chloride of sodium, chloride
of calcium, sulphate of zinc, and chloride of mag-
nesium.
  AISELLE, Axilla.
  AISTIIESIS, iEsthesis.
  AITIIOMO'MA, from at%s, 'black.'  A black
condition of all the humours of the eye. A. Pare\
  AITIA, Cause.
  AITIOLOGY, iEliologia.
  ATT ION, Cause.
  A1X-LA-CHAPELLE, MINERAL WATERS
OF.  Called by the Germans, Aachen. A ther-
mal, sulphureous mineral water,, which contains,
in 1000 grammes, 2S.54 cubic inches of sulpho-
hydric acid gas, 18.05  cubic inches of carbonic
acid gas, 0.1304 grammes  of carbonate of lime,
0.0440 grammes of carbonate of magnesia, 0.5 444
grammes of carbonate  of soda,  2.3697 grammes
of chloride of sodium, 0.2637 of sulphate of soda,
and  0.0705 of silica.  The temperature is 134°
Fahrenheit.
  The factitious water of Aix-la-Chapelle, A'qua
Aquisgranen'sit, (F.) Eau d'Aix-la-Chapelle,  is
made by adding pure water f^xvijss, to hydro-
sulphuretted  water  f^iv., carbonate  of soda gr.
xx,  chloride of sodium gr. ix.—Ph.  P.
  There are thermal sulphureous springs at Aix
In Savoy (98°), and some thermal springs at Aix
in Provence (91°).
  AIZOON, Sempervivum tectorum.
  A'JUGA, A. pyramida'lis, Conaol'ida me'dia,
Bn'gnla, B.])yramida'lis, Teu'criumpyramida'le,
Upright Bugloss, Middle Consound, (F.)  Bugle
pyramidale.   This plant  is  subastringent  and
bitter.
  Ajuga Cham^pitys, Teucrium chamaepitys.
  Ajuga Reptans, Bu'gula, B. reptans, Common
Biojlf, (F.) Bugle rampante, has similar properties.
  AKATALIS, Juniperus communis.
  AKATERA, Juniperus communis.
  AKERA TODIAPHANIE, see Caligo.
  AKINESIA, Acinesia.
  AKNEMIA, Acnemia.
  AKOLOGY, Materia Medica.
  AKRATOPEG^E, Acratopegae.
  AKSIS, Intermittent Fever.
  ALA, Pinna, Pteryx, 'a wing,' (F.) Aile.   A
term often used by anatomists  for parts which
project like a wing from the median line; as the
Ala nasi, Ala of ike uterus, etc.  See Axilla, and
Pavilion of the Ear.  Also, Pterygium.
  Ala Extrema, see Aileron.
  ALABAMA,  MINERAL  WATERS    OF.
Tallahatta springs contain sulphur,  and salts of
iron, lime, and magnesia. But the most noted
are  those  of Bladen.  See Bladen,  Mineral Wa-
ters  of.   Bailey's  spring is  an acidulo-sulphu-
reous chalybeate.   It is fourteen miles from Tus-
cumbia. .
  ALABASTER,   Alabas'trum,  (F.)   Alb&tre,
Alabastri'tes.  A variety  of compact  gypsum;
of which an ointment  was once  made—the un-
gueu'tum alabastri'num;  used  as  a discutient.
Alabaster likewise  entered into several denti-
frices.
  ALABASTRITES, Alabaster.
  AL.E INTERNA MINORES  CLITORIDIS,
Nymphae—a. Magnae, see Sphenoid bone—a. Ma-
jores, Labia pudendi—a. Minores, Nymphae, see
Sphenoid  bone—a. Muliebres minores, Nymphae
—a. Nasi, see Nasus—a. Pudendi Muliebris, La-
bia   pudendi—a. Pulmonum, see Puhno—a. of
the Uterus, see Ala—a. Vespertilionis, see Uterus.
  ALAISE, Allse.
  ALAITER, from (F.) lait, 'milk.'  To suckle.
  ALALIA, Mutitas.
  ALAMBIC. Alembic.
  ALANFU'TA.  A name given by the Arabians
to a vein, situate between the Chin and lower lip,
which they were in the habit of opening in cases
of foetor of the breath.—Avicenna.
  ALAQUE'CA.  The Hindoostanee name of a
stone, found in small, polished fragments, which
is considered efficacious in arresting luemorrhage
when applied externally.  It is a sulphuret of iron.
  ALARES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles.
  Ala'res Ven.e.  The  superficial veins at the
fold of the arm.
  ALARIA OSSA.  The wing-like processes  of
the sphenoid bone.
  ALA'RIS, Ala'tus,  Aliform'is; from  ala,  'a
wing.'  Wing-shaped, winged.
  ALATERNUS, COMMON,  Rhamnus alater-
nus—a. Latifolius, Rhamnus alaternus.
  ALA'TUS,   Pterygo'des,  Homo ala'tus.   One
whose scapulae project backwards like wings.
  ALBA'DARAN, Aldabaran.   The sesamoid
bone of  the  metatarso-phalangal joint of the
great toe.   The Rabbis and Magicians attributed
extraordinary virtues to it.—Arabians.
  ALBAGIAZI, Sacrum.
  ALBAMENTUM, Albumen ovi.
  ALBAN, SAINT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
A French acidulous chalybeate, in the department
of the Loire.
  ALBARAS  ALBA, Lepra alphoides—a. Nigra,
Lepra nigricans.
  ALBARjES, Lepra  alphoides.
  ALBAROS, Lepra  alphoides.
  ALBATRE, Alabaster.
  ALBEDO UNGUIUM, see Nail.
  ALB IN B'CEUF, Albumen ovi.
  ALBINISM, see Albino.
  ALBINISMUS, see Albino.
  ALBI'NO,   'White.'  Leuca'thiops, JEthiopi
albus, Dondo, from albus, 'white,' (F.) Blafard,
Nlgre-blanc.   A Spanish word applied to indivi-
duals  of the human race who have the skin and
hair white (Achromodermie and Achromotricho-
mie.—Piorry);  the iris very pale, bordering on
red; and the  eyes  so sensible that  they cannot
bear the light of.day.  This condition, which has
been called Leueathio'pia, Alpho'sis uEthiop'ica,
Albinois'mus,  Albinis'mus,  Albinism, Kakerla-
kism, Leucopathi'a, Leuco'sis, is seen more fre-
quently in  the Negro.  Both  sexes  are exposed
to it.  It does  not seem to be true that there are
tribes of Albinos in the interior of Africa.
  ALBINOISMUS, see Albino.
  ALBOR  OVI, Albumen ovi.
  AL'BORA.  A kind  of itch  or  complicated
leprosv.—Paracelsus.
  ALBOT, Crucible.
  ALBOTIM,  Terebinthina.
  ALBUGINE', Albuginea, Albugineous.
  ALBUGIN'EA, A.  Testis, Tu'nica albugin'ea,
Perites tis, Dura mater testis, Membra'na capsula'-
ns testis.  (F.) Albugini, Tunique albuqinie.  A
strong  fibrous, and resisting  membrane, which
immediately envelopes the testicle,  and  has,  at
rts upper  part, an enlargement, called corpus
H.ghmonanum.  From its inner surface it sends
off a  number of flat, filiform prolongations  or
septa, between which are  contained  the semi-
niferous vessels. Externally, it is covered by the
tunica vaginalis testis.                    *

  /AAL?????,'E(^S' ^hu9in'eu., 'white,'  from
albus, (F.) Albugme. A term applied to texture™
humours, Ac,  which are perfectly white        '
  Albugin'eous Fibre,  (F.) Fibre albuginie  A
name  given by Chaussier to what' he considers
one of  the four elementary fibres        "=iuers
  The  albugineous fibre is linear, cylindrical
tenacious, elastic, but  little extensible, and  of '
shining, satiny appearance.  It forms fasci»  « 
auuuvjruiilia             *
frseiculi, which constitute the  tendons, articular
ligaments,  and  aponeuroses;  hence the  name
AVmgineous membranes,  given by Chaussier to
the fibrous membranes.
  Gauthier considered, that the  rete mucosum
consists of four layers, to two of which he gives
the names mcmbra'na albugin'ca profun'da  and
membra'na albutfn'ca superficin'lis, respectively.
  ALBUGINI'TIS,  (F.) Albuginite.   A  term
employed by some  authors for inflammation of
the albugineous tissue.   Thus, gout and  rheu-
matism are regarded as species  of the  ge«us
albuuinitis.
   ALBUGO  OCULORUM, Leucoma—a.  Ovi,
Albumen ovi.
   ALBULA, Leucoma.
   ALBUM CANIS,  Album  graecum — a. Ceti,
 Cetaceum.
   Album  Graecum,  Album Cant's,  Cynoc'oprus,
 Spo'dinm  Graco'rum, Sttrcns  Cani'num Album.
 The white dung of the dog.   It consists almost
 wholly of phosphate and carbonate of lime, from,
 the bones used as food.   It was formerly applied
 as  a discutient gargle in  quinsies, and as an anti-
 epileptic;  but  is  now  justly banished  from
 practice.
   Album Nigrum.  The excrement of the mouse.
   Album Oculi, see Sclerotic.
   Album  Rhazis.   A white ointment made of
 cerusse and lard, prescribed by the Arabian phy-
 sician Rhazes.
   ALBU'MEX, Leuco'ma, Ooni'ne, Ozemun, from
 albus, 'white.'  (F.)  Albumine.  An immediate
 principle of animals  and vegetables, which con-
 stitutes the chief part of the white of egg.  It is
 found in the serum, chyle, synovia, serous fluids,
 Ac.  There is not much difference  in  chemical
 composition between  animal and vegetable albu-
 men,  fibrin and casein.   Also, the white of the
 eye.   See Sclerotic.
   Albc'men  Ovi,  Ovalbu'mcn, Albu'tnen, Albu'-
 mor,  Albu'go  seu Albor seu  Can'didnm  Ovi,
 Clare'ta, Ovi albus  liquor, Albumen'turn,  Lac avis,
 white of egg,  (F.)  Blanc d'eeuf, (Old F.) Albin
 d'oeuf, is used in pharmacy for suspending oils,
 Ac, in water.   See Ovum.
   Albumen, Salivary,  see Saliva.
   ALBUMINE, Albumen — a. Cirebrale, Neu-
 rine—a. du Cerveau,  Neurine.
   ALBU'MINOID, AlbuminoVdes, from albtCmen,
 and uios, 'resemblance.'  Resembling albumen, as
 fibrin, casein, Ac.   It is often applied to aliments
 in the same sense as proteinous.
   ALBU'MINOSE.  The soluble  principle of
 fibrin, identical with  the dominant principle of
 the white of egg.—Bouchardat.  According to
 others, the ultimate product of the transformation,
 in the stomach, of  albuminoid matters, which
 renders them fit for  assimilation and nutrition.
 Albuminose is not coagulable by heat, and incom-
 pletely so by  acids; an excess of acid dissolving
 the precipitate.  Robin and Verdeil regard it as
 Bynonymous with the casein of the small intestine
 of Tiedemann and Gmelin, the gelatiniform matter
 of the intestine of  Prevost and Morin, and the
 casein of the blood of Dumas.  See Peptone.
   ALBUMINO'.SIS.  A condition of the blood,
 in which the ratio of albumen is increased, as in
 abdominal typhus, variola, rubeola, Ac.  Moser
 and Strahl.
   ALBUMINURIA. A hybrid term from 'albu-
 men,' and ovpov, 'the  urine.'   A condition of the
 urine in which it contains albumen, the presence
 of which is indicated by its  coagulation on  the
 application of  adequate  heat.   See  Kidney,
 Bri?ht's disease of  the.
   ALBUMINURIC, Albuminu'ricns, (F.) Albu-
 min tirique.  Relating or  appertaining to albumi-
 nuria.  One labouring under Albuminuria.
ALCHEMILLA
  ALBUMINURORRHEE,  Kidney,  Bright's
disease of the.
  ALBUMOR, Albumen ova.
  AL'CAEST, Al'eahest, Al'chaest, perhaps from
(G.) all, 'all,' and  geist, 'spirit.'  A word in-
vented by Paracelsus to designate a liquor, which,
according to him, was  capable of removing every
kind of swelling.
  The same word was used by Van Helmont for
a fancied universal  solvent, capable of reducing
every body to its elements.
  Alcaest  of  Glauber is a  thick liquor ob-
tained by detonating  nitrate  of potassa on hot
coals, which  transforms it into  subcarbonate of
potassa.
  Alcakst  of  Respour is a mixture of potassa
and oxyd of zinc.
  ALCAIIEST, Alcaest.
  ALCAHOL, Alcohol.
  ALCALES'CENCE, Alkales'cence, Alcalcseen'-
tia.  The condition in which  a fluid becomes
alkaline.
  Alcalescence of  the Humours was an old
notion  of  the  humourists.  It can  only  occur
during the  putrid fermentation of animal  mat-
ters, which contain  azote, and produce ammonia.
Alcalin'ity is the  quality of being alcaline.
  AL'CALI or Alca'li, Al'kali, from al (Arab.,)
'the,' and kali, the name of the Salso'la  Soda,
a plant which  contains a large quantity of one
of  the principal alkalis—soda.  The alkalis are
substances soluble in  water, possessing generally
a urinous, acrid, and  caustic taste, turniug the
syrup of violets green, and restoring to blue in-
fusion  of litmus, which has been reddened by
acids;  reddening  the yellow of turmeric,  and
having the greatest tendency to unite with  acids,
whose character they  modify, and form salts with
them.  In medicine we understand  by this term
Potassa, Soda, or Ammonia.
 . Alcali, Caustic, Al'kali Caus'ticum.  A pure
alkali.   One deprived of its carbonic acid.
  Alcalis, Fixed, Soda and potassa; Volatile
Alcali, Ammonia.
  Alcali. Ammoniacum Acetatum, Liquor am-
moniae aeetatis—a. Ammoniacum fluidum, Liquor
ammonia?—a. Fixum  tartarizatum, Potassae tar-
 tras—a. Minerale  sulphuricum,  Soda, sulphate
of—a. Tartari aceto saturatum,  Potassae acetas—
a.  Vegetabile  salito  dephlogisticatum, Potassae
murias hyperoxygenatus—a. Vegetabile tartari-
zatum, Potassae. tartras—a. Vegetabile  vitriola-
tum, Potassae sulphas—a. Volatile acetatum, Li-
quor  ammoniae aeetatis — a.  Volatile  aeratum,
Ammoniae carbonas—a. Volatile ex sale ammo-
niaeo, Ammoniae carbonas.
  ALCALIGENE, Azote.
  ALCALINITY.  See Alkalescence.
  AL'CALOID; from alcali  and uios, 'form.'
A name given to the organic alcalis to distinguish
them from the  mineral, from which they differ as
regards composition  and general properties;—
having nothing in common but their  basic pro-
perties.  Brueia,  Emetia, Morphia,  Strychnia,
Ac, are alcaloids.
  ALCANA, Anchusa officinalis.
  ALCANNA  MAJOR LATIFOLIA DENTA-
TA, Prinos—a. Orientalis, Lawsonia inermis—a.
Spuria,  Anchusa  tinctoria—a. Vera, Lawsonia
inermis.
  ALCEA, Hibiscus abelmoschus—a. iEgyptiaca,
Hibiscus abelmoschus—a. Indica, Hibiscus abel-
moschus.
  Al'cea Ro'sea, Common hollyhock, Hoe, Hock*.
Emollient, like Althaea.
  ALCHACHENGE,  Physalis.
  ALCHACIIIL, Rosmarinus.
  ALCHAEST, Alcahest.
  ALCHEMIL'LA, said to have been celebrated 
ALCHEMY                44                ALEIMMA
with the Alchemists [?], supposed by some to be
of Arabic  derivation.   A. vulga'ris,  Common
Ladies' Mantle, Pes Leo'nis, Leontopo'dium, (F.)
Pied de Lion.  Formerly in great repute as an
astringent in  hemorrhage.
  ALCHEMY, Alchymy.
  ALCHITRAM, see  Pinus Sylvestris.
  ALCHITURA, see Pinus Sylvestris.
  ALCOHOOL, Alcohol.
  ALCHORNEA LATIFOLTA, see Alcornoque.
  AL'CHYMY, Al'chemy, Alchemi'a, Alehimi'a,
Adep'ta Philosoph'ia, from al, an  Arabic  par-
ticle,  signifying,  'superiority,  excellence,' and
Chimia, ' Chymistry.'   This word  was  formerly
synonymous with Chymistry; but, from the 7th
century, it has been applied to the mysterious art
of endeavouring to discover a universal remedy,
and a mode of transmuting the baser metals into
gold: an operation to  which they gave the name
Opus magnum, and Philosopher's stone.
  Alchymy has  also  been called Scien'tia vel
Philosoph'ia Hermet'ica, from an idea that Her-
mes or Mercury was its inventor.
  Harris has well  defined this  chimerical art:
'Ars sine arte, cujus principium  est mentiri, me-
dium laborare, et finis mendicare.'
  Al'chymist, (Old Eng.) Alkymistre, Flatua'-
rius, Adept'.   One pretending to alchymy.
  ALCOCALUM, Cynara scolymus.
  AL'COHOL, Al'cahol, Alchool,  Alkol, Alcol,
Al'cool, Al'kool.   An Arabic word, formerly used
for an impalpable powder, and signifying 'very
subtile, much divided.'  At the present day it is
applied to highly rectified spirit of wine:—see
Spiritus  rectificatus or rectified spirit, distilled
from dried subcarbonate of potassa.  In the Ph.
U. S., Alcohol is rectified spirit of the specific
gravity 0.835. The Dublin college has a spiritus
fortior, used in the preparation of certain essences,
whose specific gravity is .818.   Alcohol, absolute
alcohol, of the Edinburgh and Dublin  Pharma-
copoeias,  is of specific gravity .797.
  Alcohol is an inflammable liquor, lighter  than
water, of a warm, acrid taste, colourless, trans-
parent, and of a pungent, aromatic smell.  It is
the product of the distillation of vinous liquors;
is iniscible with water in  all  proportions, and is
the direct solvent of resins, balsams, Ac.  Various
other vegetable principles are  soluble in it, and
hence it is used, in different states of concentra-
tion, in the  preparation of elixirs, tinctures, es-
sences, Ac.
   Alcohol acts on the animal body as a powerful
stimulus : as such, in  a dilute form, it is used in
the prevention and cure of disease. Its habitual
and inordinate use is  the  cause of many serious
affections, of a chronic character  especially, as
visceral obstructions,  dropsy,  Ac.
   Alcohol,  absolute,  see Alcohol — a. .ffithe-
reus  Ferratus, A. Sulfurico-aethereus  ferri — a.
cum  Aloe perfoliate, Tinetura aloes — a. Am-
moniae et guaiaci,  Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata
— a. Ammoniatum, Spiritus ammoniae — a. Am-
moniatum  aromaticum,  Spiritus  ammoniae  aro-
 maticus — a.  Ammoniatum  fcetidum,  Spiritus
 ammoniae foetidus — a.  Amylicum, Oil, fusel —
 a. cum Arom'atibus sulphuricatus, Sulphuricum
 acidum aromaticum—a. cum Aromatibus compo-
 situs,  Tinctura cinnamomi composita—a. Casto-
 riatum, Tinctura castorei—a. cum Crotone casca-
 rilla,  Tinctura cascarillae—a. Dilutum, Spiritus
 tenuior—a.  Ferratus, Tinctura ferri muriatis—
 a. cum Sulphate ferri tartarisatus, see Ferrum
 tartarisatum—a.  cum Guaiaco officinale ammo-
 niatun, Tinctura guaiaci  ammoniata — a. Iodii,
 Tinctura Iodini —a. cum Opio, Tinctura opii
 —a. Methylic, Spiritus Pyroxylicus—a. Pyroxylic
 Spiritus Pyroxylicus—a. Sulphuricatum, Elixir
 acidum Halleri—a. Sulphuricum,  Elixir acidum
Halleri—a. Sulphuris, Carbonis sulphuretum—a,
Vini,  Spiritus  rectificatus — a.  Wood,  Spiritus
pyroxylicus.                                .
  ALCOHOL'IC, Alcohol'icue, Spirituo'sua.Spir -
ituous.  (F.) Alcoolique.  Relating to or conUin-
in" alcohol—as an alcoholic drink or remedy.
  ALCOHOLISM'US, Alcoholism, (F.). Alco-
olisme.  The series of morbid  phenomena pro-
duced by the use of alcoholic liquors.
  ALCOL, Alcohol.
  ALCOL2E, Aphthae.
  ALCOL AT, Alcoolat.
  ALCOOL, Alcohol—a. Camphri, Spiritus cam-
phorae.—a. de Soufre, Carbonis sulphuretum.
  ALCOOLAT, Spirit.   It now generally signi-
fies alcohol, charged, by distillation, with the vola-
tile principles of certain substances, or a distilled
spirit,—Alcolat (Codex med. of Paris).
  ALCOOLATUM, Tincture —a. Antiscorbuti-
eum, Tinctura de Cochleariis — a. Carminativum
Sylvii, Tinctura de Cochleariis—a. de Croco com-
positum, Tinctura de Croco composita.
  ALCOOLATURE, Teinture avec les plantet
fraiches.  A name given by M. Beral to certain
preparations introduced by him, which consist of
alcohol, charged, by maceration, with the soluble
principles of fresh plants.  See Tincture.
  ALCOOLE.   A name given, in the new French
pharmaceutical  nomenclature, to medicines  re-
sulting  from the  solvent  action  of alcohol on
different substances, or  from its admixture with
liquids  which unite  with it in all proportions.
See Tincture.
  ALCOOLE SUCRE", Ratafia.
  ALCOOLIQUE, Alcoholic.
  ALCOOLISER (F.) Formerly, 'to reduce into
an impalpable powder.'   No longer used.
  ALCOOLISME, Alcoholismus.
  ALCOOLOMETER, Areometer.
  ALCOOMETER, Areometer.
  ALCORNOQUE (F.), Cortex Alcornoco.  The
bark of Alchor'nea latifo'lia, of Jamaica, which
has been  considered capable of curing  phthisis.
It is bitter, tonic, and slightly astringent.  Dose
of the powder ^i to ^ss.
  AL'CYON, Halcyon.  A swallow of Cochin
China, whose nest is gelatinous  and very nutri-
tious.   It has been proposed, in medicine as ana-
leptic and aphrodisiac.
  ALCYO'NIUM, Bastard eponge.  The ashes
were formerly employed as dentrifices : they were
believed proper for favoring the growth of the
hair and beard,  and were used in Alopecia.
  ALDABARAN, Albadaran.
  ALDEHYDE, see Anaesthetic.
  ALDER, AMERICAN,  Alnus serratula —a.
Black, Prinos,  Rhamnus frangula—a. European.
Alnus glutinosa—a. White, Clethra alnifolia.
  ALE, Cerevisia.
  Ale, White.  A drink, U3ed  in Devonshire,
England,  amongst the ingredients  of which  are
milk, spice, and spirit.
  ALEACAS, Glycyrrhiza.
  ALEBERRY. A beverage, formerly made by
boiling ale with apice  and augar, and sops of
bread.  It was given to invalids.—Palscrave
  ALECOST, Tanacetum balsamitu
  ALECTO'RIUS   LAPIS,  Alecto'ria;  from
aXcKTup, 'a cock.'  The name of a stone, supposed
to exist in the stomach  of the  cock, or, accordiii«
to  others, in that of the capon,  four years old"
Many marvellous properties were formerly atlri'
buted to it, which are as groundless as  its exisU
encc.  There are no stones  in the stomach, cxcent
what have been swallowed.                  v
  ALEGAR, Acetum.
   ALEHOOF, Glechoma hederacea.
  ALEIMMA, Liniment. 
ALEIPHA               45            •    ALIMENT
  ALEIPTTA, Liniment.
  ALEIPTE'RIUM,  from aXtt<pu,  'I  anoint.'
The place in the ancient  gymnasium where the
combatants anointed themselves.
  ALEIP'TRON.   Same  etymon.  A box for
containing ointments.
  ALEMA,  Farina.
  ALE.M'BIC (Arab.),  Moorshead,  Capitel'lum,
C'tpit.'itlitm,  Am'bicus, (F.) Alambic.  A  utensil
made of glass, metal, or earthen ware, adapted
for distillation.  A still.  It  consists  of  a  body
or cucurbit,  (F.) cucurhite, chaudilre, to which is
attached a head or capital, (F.)  chapiteau, and
out of this a beak descends laterally to be inserted
into the receiver, worm, condenser, or refrigera-
tor, (F.) seipentin, refrigerant, as the case  may
be.
  ALEM'BROTH (Salt.)  Sal Alembroth.   The
alcbymists  designated by this  name,  and by
those of Sal sapien'tia, Sal artis, Sal vita  and
S. Scientia, the product resulting from the  sub-
limation of  a mixture of corrosive sublimate and
Bal ammoniac.  It is stimulant, but not employed.
   ALESE  (F.), Allze,  Alaise,  Lin'teum,  from
uA£?a>, ' I preserve.'  A guard.  A cloth arranged
in several folds, and placed upon a bed, so  as to
guard it from the lochial or other discharges.
  ALETON, Farina.
   ALETRIS, A. farinosa.
   Al'etris  (Ph. U.  S.), A. Farino'sa  seu alba,
Stargrass,  Starwort, Blazing  star,  Aloe-root,
Bitter-grass, Black root, Unicorn root,  Ague root,
Ague grass,  Colic root, Devil's bit, Mealy starwort,
(F.) Aletris.  Nat. Ord.  Asphodeleae.  Sex.  Syst.
Hexandria Monogynia.  This plant is an intense
and permanent bitter, and is used as a tonic and
stomachic.  It is common in the United States.
   Aletris  alba, Aletris—a. Aurea; indigenous
—has similar virtues.
   ALEURON, Farina.
   ALEUROTESIS, see  Cribration.
   ALEXANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrum.
   ALEXANDRI ANTIDOTUS AUREA.   See
Alexandrine.
   ALEXAN'DRINE, Emplas'trum Alexan'dri.
A garlic plaster, invented by Alexander, contem-
porary  of Mesue.  Other  ancient preparations
were  called 'Alexandrine;' as  the  Alexan'dri
antid'otus au'rea, used in apoplexy; the Collyr'-
ium siccum Alexandri'num, or 'Collyrium of King
Acexander,'  mentioned by  Aetius.
  ALEXICACUM, Amuletum, Alexipharmic.
  ALEXIPHAR'MIC,  Alexiphar'macus, Anti-
phar'macus, Alexiea'cus, Caco-alexite'ria, Lexi-
phetr'macus, (F.) Alexipharmaque, from  aXci-eiv,
'  to repel,' and ipappaxov, ' poison.'  A  term  for-
merly used for medicines which were considered
proper for expelling from the body various mor-
bific principles, or for preventing the bad effects
of poisons taken inwardly.
  ALEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge.
,  ALEXIR, Elixir.
  ALEXITE'RIA, Cacalexite'ria, from aXsfroSat,
'  to assist.'   Originally, alexiterium was used
Bynonymously with remedy.  In more modern
times it has  been applied to a class of medicines,
that counteract  poisons  placed  in contact  with
the exterior  of the body, in contradistinction to
alexipharmic.
  ALEXITERIUM  CIILORICUM, see  Disin-
fection—a. Nitricum, see Disinfection.
  ALEZE, AUse.
  ALFUSA, Tutia.
  ALGA MARINA, Pila marina.
  ALGALIC,  Catheter.
  ALGALIE,  Catheter.
  AL'GAROTH,  Algarot, Algaro'thi  Pnlris,
Pulvis Anjd'icus, Ox'idum seu Submu'rias Stib'ii
pracipitan'do para'tum,  Antimo'nii Ox'ydum,
Ox'idum antimo'nii Nitro-muriat'icum, Ox'idum
Stib'ii Ac"ido  Muriat'ico oxygena'to para turn,
Mercu'rius Vita, Mercu'rius Mortis,  Flowers of
Antimony, (F.) Oxyde d'Antimoine, so called from
Victor Algarothi, a Veronese  physician;  sepa-
rated from the terchloride of antimony by pouring
the terchloride into a large  quantity of water.
When this, an oxychloridc, is washed with abun-
dance of water»to separate the muriatic acid,  and
afterwards by a solution of alkali to  remove the
terchloride,  the teroxide  of  antimony, Antimo-
nii Oxidum  of the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia is
left.  It was formerly much used as an emetic,
purgative, and diaphoretic.
   ALGE'DO, from aXyos, 'pain.'  Violent pain
about the neck  of the bladder, occasionally  oc-
curring in gonorrhoea.—Cockburn.
   Algedon, Pain.
   ALGEMA, Pain.
   ALGESIS, Pain.
   ALGETICUS, SeeAlgos.
   AL'GIDUS, from algor, ' cold.'   (F.) Algide.
That which is accompanied by coldness.
   Al'gida Febris, Febris horrif'ica seu hor'-
rida  seu quer'quera  seu crymo'des, Bry'cetus,
Bry'chetus.   (F.) Filvre algide, Algid Fever. A
pernicious intermittent, accompanied  by icy cold-
ness, which is often fatal in the second or third
paroxysm.
   ALGOR, Rigor.
   ALGOS,  aXyos,  'pain.'   See  Pain.  Hence,
Alget'icus, 'paiuful,' as Epilep'sia alget'ica. The
suffix algia  has the same signification — as in
Cephalalgia, Plenralgia, Neuralgia, Ac.
   ALGOSPAS'MUSi  from  aXyos,  'pain,'  and
avaapos, ' spasm.' Painful spasm or cramp of the
muscles.
   ALGUE COMMUNE, Pila marina—a. Marine,
Pila marina—a. des Verriers, Pila marina.
   ALHAGI, Agul.
   ALII AND A L, see Cucumis colocyhthis.
   ALHASEF, Sudamina.
   ALHAUNE, Lawsonia inermis.
   ALIBILIS, Nutritious.
   AL'ICA, Hal'ica, Farina'rium, Chondrns, from
alere, ' to nourish.'  A grain from which the  an-
cients made their tisanes; supposed,  by some, to
have been  the  Triticum  spelta.   At times, it
seems to have meant the tisane itself.
   AL'ICES, from  aXtfa,  'I sprinkle.'   Spots
which precede the eruption of small pox.
   ALIENATIO, Anomalia—a. Mentis, Insanity.  '
   ALIENATION, MENTAL, Insanity.
   ALIENATUS, Insane.
   ALIENE, Insane.
   ALIEN 1STE, Psychiater.
   ALIENUS, Delirious.
   ALIFORMES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles.
   ALIFORMIS, Alaris, Pterygoid.
   ALIGULUS, Confection.
   ALIMA, Aliment.
   ALIMELL^E, Parotid.
   AL'IMENT,  Alimen'tum, Al'im'a,  Harma'lia,
Nutri'men, Nu'triens, Sustentaculum, Ciba'rium,
Broma,  Conns'te, Oibus, Esca, Nutri'tus, Nutri-
men'tum, Sitos,  Trophe.   (Prov.) Belly-timber.
(F.) Aliment, Nourriture, from alere, 'to nourish.'
Food.   Any substance which, if introduced into
the system, is capable of nourishing it and repair-
ing its losses.
  The study of aliments  forms one of the most
important branches of hygiene.  They'are con-
fined  to  the  organized kingdom,— the mineral
affording none.
  As  regards the  immediate  principles which 
ALIMENTAL
46
ALLENTHESIS
predominate  in their composition, they  have
been classed, but imperfectly, as follows:—
E OF ALIMENTS.
Wheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, In-
  dian  corn, potato, sago, peas,
  beans, Ac.
Carrot, salsify,beet. turnip, aspara-
  gus, cabbage, lettuce, artichoke,
  melon, &c.
Sugar, fig, date, raisin, apricot, &c.
Urangc, currant, gooseberry, cher-
  ry, peach, strawberry, raspberry,
  mulberry, prune, pear, apple,
  forrel. &c.
Cocoa, olive, sweet almond, nut,
  walnut, animal fat, oil, butter,
  &c.
Different kinds of milk, cheese.
Tendon,  aponeurosis, true skin,
  cellular texture;  very  young
  animals.
Brain, nerve, eggs, Ac.
Flesh and blood.
1. Feculaceous.


2. Mucilaginous.

3. Saccliarine.

4. Acidulous.


5. Oleaginous and
     Fully.
6. Caseous.

1. Gelatinous.

8. Albuminous.
9. Fibrinous.

   Dr. Prouthas four great classes—the aqueous,
eaccharine,  oleaginous,  and  albuminous : — Dr.
Pereira,  twelve — the aqueotts,  mucilaginous or
gummy, saccharine, amylaceous,  ligneous, pecti-
tiaceous,  acidulous, alcoholic, oily or fatty, pro-
teinaeeous, gelatinous, and saline.
   L;?big  divides them into two classes: — the
nitrogenized or plastic elements op nutri-
tion, in  which he  comprises  vegetable fibrin,
vegetable  albumen,  vegetable casein, flesh  and
blood; and the non-nitrogi;nized elements  op
respiration, in which he comprises fat, starch,
gum, cane sugar, grape sugar, sugar of milk, pec-
tin, bassorin, wine, beer and spirits.  The former
alone, in his view, are inservient to the nutrition
of organized tissue : the latter are burnt in respi-
ration, and furnish heat.
   The following simple arrangement is, perhaps,
as little objectionable as any :—

1. NUroonuz.d Aliment,,    S ™rin0US (G^ttaou.?)

                         I Amylaceous.
2. Non-nitrogenized Aliments,  < Saccharine.
                         ( Oleaginous.

   The second division might be still farther sim-
plified,  inasmuch  as amylaceous  aliments  are
convertible  into sugar during the digestive pro-
cess; and, from both, oleaginous  matter  may be
formed.
   ALIMENTAL, Nutrimental.
   ALIMENTARY, Nutrimental—a. Tube, Canal,
alimentary.
   ALIMENTATION, Alimenta'tio.  The act of
nourishing.
   ALIMEXTEUX, Nutrimental.
   ALIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum.
•   ALIMOS, Glycyrrhiza.
   ALINDE'SIS, from  aXtviopat, 'to be turned
about.'   A  species  of exercise, which consisted
in rolling in the dust, after having been anointed
with oil.—Hippocrates.
   ALIP^E'XOS, Ah'pa'num, Alipan'tos,  from a,
priv., and Xtnavuv, 'to be fat.'  An epithet for-
merly given to  every external remedy, devoid of
fat or moisture; such as powders.—Galen.
   ALIPANTOS, Alipaenos.
   ALIP'TA, Alip'tes, from  aXsajxo,  'I  anoint.'
He who  anointed  the Athletae  after  bathing.
The place where this was done was called Alip-
te'rinm.
   ALIPTERIUM, see Alipta.
   ALIP'TICA, same  etymon.  The part of  an-
cient medicine, which treated of inunction as a
means of preserving health.
   ALISIER BLANC, Crataegus aria.
   ALISMA, A. plantago, Arnica montana — a.
  Graminifolia, A.  plantago—a. Lanceolnta,  A.
  plantago.
    Alis'ma Planta'go, Alisma,  A. lanccola ta sen
  graminifo'lia, Planta'go aquat'ica,  Water Plan-
  tain,  (F.) Plantain d'Eau.    Ord.  Ali>maceue.
  Sex. Syst. Hexaudria Polygynia.  The fresh r.-t
  is acrid, and the dried leaves will vesicate.  The
  leaves have been proposed as substitutes for Uva
* Ursi.
    ALITURA, Nutrition.
    AL'KALE, O'lcum Galli'na.  An ancient phar-
  maceutical name for pullets' fat.
    ALKALESCENCE, Alcalescence.
    ALKALI, see Alcali — a. Ammoniacum cans,
  ticum, Ammonia — a. Ammoniacum spiritui>*iiiii,
  Spiritus ammoniae—a.  Minerale nitratuni, Smla,
  nitrate  of — a.  Minerale  phosphoratum,  Sotia,
  phosphate of—a. Minerale  salinum,  Soda,  mu-
  riate of—a. Vegetable, Potash—a. Vegetabile cum
  aceto, Potassae acetas—a. Vegetabile fixum catis-
  ticuin, Potassa fusa — a. Volatile, Ammonia — a.
  Volatile causticum, Ammonia—a. Volatile,  con-
  crete, Ammoniae carbonas—a. Volatile, mild,  Am-
  moniae carbonas—a. Volatile nitratum, Ammonias
  nitras—a. Volatile tartarizatum, Ammoniae  tartras
  —a. Volatile vitriolntum, Ammoniae sulphas.
    ALKANET, BASTARD, Lithospermum offici-
  nale— a. Dyer's, Anchusa tinctoria — a. Garden,
  Anchusa officinalis — a. Officinal, Anchusa offici-
  nalis.
    ALKAR, Medicament.
    ALKEKENGI, Physalis.
    ALKEll'MES,  Confec'tio Alker'mes, Alcher'-
  mes. A celebrated electuary, composed of  a mul-
  titude of substances.  It was so called from the
  grains of kermes contained  in  it.  It was u^c-J
  as a stimulant.  Also, kermes.
    ALKERVA. see Ricinus communis.
    ALKITRAN, Cedria.
    ALKOL, Alcohol.
    ALKOOL, Alcohol.
    ALKYMISTRE, Alchymist.
    ALLA, Cerevisia.
    ALLAITEMENT, Lactation.
    ALLAMAN'DA,  A.  Cathar'tica  seu grandi-
  flo'ra, Ore'lia  grandiflo'ra,  Galarips, Echi'nui
  scandens, Apoc"ynum scandens.  A shrub,  native
  of Guiana, the infusion of whose leaves is said by
  Linnaeus to be useful in Colica Pictonum.
    ALLANTODES, Allantois.
    ALLAN'TOIC ACID, Ac"idum  allanto'icum.
  A peculiar acid, found in the liquor of the allan-
  tois of the cow.
    ALLANTOIDES, Allantois.
    ALLAN'TOTS, Allantoi'des, Allanto'des, Mem-
  bra'na urina'ria,  M. seu Tunica Farcimina'/is,
  M. Intestina'lia, the Allantoid Vesicle, front  aXXas,
  aXXavros, 'a sausage,' and etio;, 'shape.' A  sort of
  elongated bladder,between the chorion and amnion
  of the foetus, which is thrown out from the.caudal
  extremity of the embryo, and communicates with
  the bladder by the urachus.  It is very apparent
  in quadrupeds, but not in the human species.  As
  the allantois is developed, its walls become very
  vascular, and contain the  ramifications of what
  become the umbilical artery and vein, which by
  the elongation  of the  allantois,  are  brought
  through  the villi  of the chorion,  into indirect
  communication with the vessels  of the mother

    ALLAXTOTOX'ICi:M,from«AAaf,aXAa,r.f'a
  sausage,' and to^ikov, 'a poison.'  Sauoatre  r»» ,,n
  (G.) Wurstgift.  The  German, have gTve'n  u "

  of bh>odarrrdeVelOPe<1 "  —^ «">***
    ALLECTUARY, Electuarinm.
    ALLELUIA,  Oxalis acetosella
    ALLEN'TIIESIS, from aXXos', 'another..  and
  n-tW,  'introduction.'   The entrance  into, 0, 
ALLEVIATOR             47            ALLUS  POLLEX
presence of extraneous bodies in, the organism.— II
Walther.
  ALLE'VIATOR, from ad, 'to,' and levare, 'to
raise;' 'a soother.'  An instrument for raising in-
valids, invented by Mr. Jenks, of Rhode  Island.
It consists of two upright posts, about six  feet
high, each supported by a pedestal;  of two hori-
zontal bars at the top, rather longer than a com-
mon bedstead; of a windlass of the same length,
placed six inches below the upper bar; of a cog-
wheel and handle;  of  linen  belts  from six to
twelve inches wide; of straps secured at one end
of the windlass; and at the other  having hooks
attached to corresponding eyes in the linen belts,
and of a  head-piece made of netting.  The pa-
tient lying on his mattress, the surgeon passes
the linen  belts beneath his body, attaching them
to the hooks on the ends of the straps,  and ad-
justing the whole  at  the proper distance  and
length, so as to balance the body exactly,  and
then raises it from the  mattress by turning the
handle of the windlass.  To  lower the patient
again, and replace him on the mattress, the wind-
lass must be reversed.
   ALLGOOD, Chcnopodium bonus Henricus.
   ALLHEAL, Heracleum spondylium.
   ALLIA'CEOUS, Allia'ceus, (F.) Alliace, from
allium, ' garlic'  Belonging to garlic, as alliace-
ou8 odour.
   ALL I AIRE, Alliaria.
   ALLIA'RIA, from allium, its smell resembling
garlic. A. officina'lis,  Erys'imum  allia'ria seu
vordifo'lium,  Sisym'brium  allia'ria, Jack-in-the
hfdge,  Stinking  hedge  Mustard, Hedge  Garlic,
 Sauce-alone,  Hes'pcrie allia'ria,  (F.) Alliaire.
 Ord. Cruciferae.  This plant has been sometimes
 given in humid asthma and  dyspnoea.  It is
 reputed to be diaphoretic, diuretic, and antiscor-
 butic.
   The Parisian Codex has a compound syrup of
 alliaria, Sirop d'Srysimum compose, which is used
 in hoarseness.
   ALLIGATURA, Fascia, Ligature.
   ALLIOTICUS, Alterative.
   AL'LIUM,  (Ph. U. S.)  from oleo, 'I smell.'
 A. sativum,   Theriaca rustico'rum, Ampelop'ra-
 sum, Scor'odon, Scordon, Garlic, (F.) Ail.  Ord.
 Liliaceae.  Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia.  A
 native of Sicily, but  cultivated for use.   The
 bulbs or cloves, Ag'lithes, have a strong, offensive,
 and  penetrating odour, and a sweetish, biting,
 and caustic taste. Internally, garlic is stimulant,
 diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue (?),  diapho-
 retic, and anthelmintic.   Externally, it  is rube-
 facient, maturative, and repellent; and  a, garlic
 ointment  is  made by digesting, at a moderate
 heat, for  half an hour,  two or three cloves of
 fresh garlic  in an ounce cf lard, and straining.
 It is applied as a rubefacient to the chest  in
 croup.
   Dose, one  to six  cloves,  swallowed whole,  or
 from f 3SS to f Sl'l °f *^e jnic&-
    Taylor's Remedy for Deafness, a nostrum, ap-
 pears to  consist of garlic, infused in oil of al-
 monds, and coloured by alkanet root.
   Allium Ascalon'icum, Echalotte.
   Allium Canaden'se, Meadow garlic; indige-
 nous; has the same properties as allium.
   Allium Cepa, Cepa Vulga'ris, Common Onion,
 Crpul'la, Crom'myon, (F.)  Oignon.   Acrid  and
 stimulating, and possessing very little nutriment.
 Onions have been used as stimulants, diuretics,
 and anthelmintics. The boiled or  roasted onion,
 as a cataplasm,  is  emollient  and  maturating.
 The  fresh root is  rubefacient.  The expressed
 juice is sometimes used in  otalgia and in rheu-
 matism.
   Allium Gallicum, Portulaca — a. Plantagi-
neuui, A. Victoriale.
  Allium Porp.vm, Porrum, P. sativum, Pra-
sum, the Leek or Porrct ; (F.) Poireau, I'orreau.
It possesses the same property as the onion.
  The virtues of the  genus Allium depend upon
an acrid principle, soluble in water, alcohol, acids,
and alkalies.
  Allium Redolens, Teucrium scordium
  Allium Victoria'le, A. pluntagin'eum, C'pa
victoria'lis,  Yictoria'lis longa.  The root, v,hid),
when dried, loses its  alliaceous  smell and taste,
is said to be efficacious in allaying the abdominal
spasms of pregnant women (?)
  ALLOCHET'IA, Allotriochet'ia,  from  «XXoj,
'another,' and xc&'v> 'to go to stool.'  The  dis-
charge of extraneous matters from the bowels.
The discharge of faeces by an abnormous opening.
   ALLOCHOOS, Delirious.
   ALLOCHROMA'SIA, from  aXXos,  'another,
and x-pio/ia,' colour.'   A change  of colour.
   ALLCEOPATHIA, Allopathy.
   ALLffiOPATIIIC, Allopathic.
,   ALLQilOSIS, Alteration.
   ALLOSOTiCUS, Alterative.
   ALLOIOSIS, Alteration.
   ALLOIOTICUS, Alterative.
   ALLONGEMENT, Elongation.
   ALLOPATH, Allopathist.
   ALLOPATHES, Allopathic.
   ALLOPATH'IC,  Allopath'icua, Allccopath'ic,
 Alloeopath'icus, Allop'athes, Heteropath'ic, from
 aXXof, 'another,' and iraQos, 'affection.' Relating
 to  the ordinary method of medical practice, in
 contradistinction to the homoeopathic  See Allo-
 pathy.
   ALLOPATHIE, Allopathy.
   ALLOP'ATHIST,  Allopath,  same  etymon.
 One who follows allopathy.
   ALLOP'ATHY, Allopathi'a^lloeopathi'a,  Hy-
 penantio'sis, Hypenantio'ma, Cura'tio contrario'-
 rumper contra'ria, (F.) Allopathie ; same etymon.
 The opposite to homoeopathy;  or, according t«
 Hahnemann,  a  method of  treatment  in which
remedial  agents  are employed, the  action of
which, on healthy man, produces morbid phe-
nomena different from those that are  observed
in the sick person.   The ordinary medical prac-
tice is so designated  by the homoeopathist.
   ALLOPHASIS, Delirium.
   ALLOTRIOCHETIA, Allochetia.
   ALLOTRIODON'TIA,  from  aXXorpios,  'fo-
reign,' and  oiovs, ' a tooth.'   Transplantation of
teeth.
   ALLOTRIOEC'CRISIS,  from aXXorpioc,  'fo-
reign,' and CKKptcts,'  'separation.'   The separa-
tion of extraneous matters from the body in  dis-
 ease.
   ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA, Parageustia.
   ALLOTRIOPHAGIA, Malacia.
   ALLOTRIOTEX'IS, from aXXorpios,  'foreign,'
 and rt^ts, 'parturition.'  The bringing forth of
 an abnormous foetus.
   ALLOTRIU'RIA, from  aXXorpios,  'foreign,'
 and ovpov, 'urine.'  Admixture of foreign mat-
 ters with the urine.
   AL'LOTROPISM; (F.) Allotropie, from aXXoS,
 'another,' and rpoxos, ' a turn or change.  A term
recently introduced into chemistry, the object of
 which  is to  express the property, possessed by
certain simple bodies, of assuming different quali-
ties on being subjected to certain modes of trvat-
ment.   Carbon,  for example,  furnishes  three
forms — plumbago, charcoal, and diamond.
   ALL-OVERISH, see Indisposition.
   ALLSPICE, see  Myrtus pimenta — a. Bush,
Laurus Benzoin — a.  Carolina,  Caly can thus — a.
Wild,  Laurus Benzoin.
   ALLUCINATIO, Hallucination.
   ALLURE, Influenza.
   ALLUS POLLEX, Pollex, see Digitus. 
ALMA                 48              ALTERATIVE
  ALMA, Water.
  ALM A RIA B, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
  ALMEZERION, Cneoruin tricoccum.
  ALMOND, Amygdala.
  Almond  Bloom.   A  liquid  cosmetic, formed
of Brazil dust t^j, water Oiij;  boil and strain;
and add isinglass gvj,  gratia  sylvestria 31J, or
cochineal ^ij, alum 3J, borox  3>>j >'  uo'l again,
and strain through a fine cloth.
  Almond Cake, see Amygdala—a. of the  Ear,
Tonsil — a. Earth, Arachis  hypogasa — a. Paste,
see Amygdala—a. Powder,  see Amygdala—a. of
the Throat, Tonsil.
  ALNLS, A. glutinosa—a. Communis, A. gluti-
nosa.
  ALNUS  GLUTINO'SA,  Alnus, A commu'nis,
Bet'ula glutino'sa seu emargina'ta, Europe'an Al-
der, (Sc.) Am, Elkr,  Ord. Betulaceae.   A tree
which grows in  Europe, in moist places.  The
bark and leaves are astringent and bitter; and
hence are employed in intermittents, and  as a
tonic and astringent.
  Alnus Serrat'ula, American Alder, has simi-
lar properties.
  Alnus Nigra, Rhamnus  frangula.
  ALOCHI'A, from a, privative, and Xo^tio, 'lo-
chia.'   Absence of the lochial discharge.
  ALOEDA'RIUM.  A compound medicine, con-
taining aloes.—Gorraeus.
  ALOE, Aloes—a.  False, Agave  Virginica.
  ALOE ROOT, Aletris farinosa.
  AL'OES, Aloe, Fel Natu'ra.  The inspissated
juice of the Aloe.  Ord. Asphodeleae. Sex. Syst.
Hexandria Monogynia.
  Aloes Barbadensis, A. hepatica—a. Bombay,
A. hepatica—a. des Barbad.es, A. hepatica.
  Aloes Caballi'na, A. Guinien'sis, Horse-aloes.
Used chiefly for horses.  It is collected in Spain
and Portugal, and is very coarse.
  ALOES EN CALEBASSES,  A. hepatica.
  Aloes, Cape, Shining Aloes ; a cheap and ex-
cellent form of aloes,  collected at the Cape of
Good  Hope, from Aloe ferox,  A. Africana,  A.
apicata, and other species.
  Aloes. East India,  A. Succotorina—a. Guini-
ensis, A. Caballina.
  Aloes Hepat'ica, A. vulga'ris,  A. Barbaden'-
sis, Hepat'ic aloes,  Bombay  aloes,  Barba'does
aloes, A. vulga'ris extrae'tnm, (F.) Aloes en cali-
basses, A. des Barbades.  This  species has a very
disagreeable odour, and an intensely bitter  and
nauseous taste.  Properties the same as the last.
  Aloes, Horse, A. Caballina — a. Lucida, A.
Succotorina — a.  Socotrine, A. Succotorina — a.
Spicata extractum, A. Succotorina,
   Aloes Succotori'na, Soc'otrine aloes,  Turkey
aloes, East India aloes, Aloes lu'cida, A. Zoctorl-
nia, A. spica'ta extrac'turn, An'ima Aloes, is the
best species.  Its odour is not  unpleasant;  taste
very  bitter, and  slightly aromatic;  colour red-
dish-brown, with a shade of purple; mass hard,
friable;  fracture conehoidal and glossy;  soluble
in dilute alcohol.  Powder of a bright cinnamon-
yellow colour.  It is cathartic, warm, and stimu-
lating; emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and stoma-
chic  As a cathartic, it affects the  rectum chiefly.
Dose, as a cathartic, gr. v to Qj in pill.
   Aloes, Turkey, A. Succotorina—a. Vjulgaris,
A. hepatica—a.  Wood, Agallochum—a. Zocto-
rinia, A. Succotorina.
   ALOET'IC, Aloet'icus.  A preparation which
contains aloes.
   ALOEXYLON, Agallochum.
  m ALOGOTROPH'IA, from aXoyo;, 'dispropor-
 tionate,' and rpofn, 'nutrition.' Irregular nutri-
 tion.   Used particularly to designate the irregu-
lar manner in which  the  nutrition of bones is
 effected in rickety individuals.
  ALOPECES, Psooe.                        ,
  ALOPECIA, from aXu^f, 'a fox;  (this  am-
mal being  said to be subject to the  affection.)
Capillo'rum deflu'vium, Athrix  depi'lts, Phalac-
ro'tis, Depila'tio, Tri*ho'sis Athrix, Gangra na
Alope'cia, Atrich'ia, Deflu'vium seu Lapsus seu
Fluxus Pilo'rum, Lipsotrich'ia, Vulpis morbus,
Pela'da,  Baldness, (F.) Pelade.  Falling off of
the hair; loss of the hair.  When this is confined
to the crown of the head, it is called calvities, al-
though the terms are often used synonymously.
When congenital, it is called Atrich'ia seu Alope'-
cia adna'ta.  The falling off of the hair in old
age is termed Alope'cia senilis.
  Alopecia Adnata, see Alopecia—a. Areata,
Pormgo  decalvans — a.  Circumscripta, Porrigo
decalvans — a. Partialis,  Porrigo decalvans — a.
Senilis, see Alopeeia.
  ALOUCHE, Crataegus aria.
  ALOUCH'I.   The  name of a gum procured
from the  can ell a alba tree.
  ALOUCHIER, Crataegus aria.
  ALPAM.  A shrub which grows on the coast
of Malabar.  Certain parts of this, infused in oil,
form an  antipsoric  ointment.   The juice of the
leaves, mixed with that of calamus, is employed
against the bites of serpents.
  ALPHENIC, Saccharum candidum.
  ALPHITEDON,  see Fracture.
  ALPII'ITON, aXiptrov,  Polen'ta, Fari'na. Any
kind of meal.  Toasted barley-meal.—Hippocra-
tes.  Polenta means, also, a food composed of In-
dian meal, cheese, Ac.   See Farina.
  ALPHON'SIN, Alphon'sinum.  A kind of bul-
let forceps, similar to  a  Porte-crayon, so-called
from the inventor, Alphonso Ferri, of Naples.—
Scultetus.
  ALPHOS, Lepra alphoides.
  ALPHOSIS iETHIOPICA, see Albino.
  ALPINIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum  car-
damomum — a. Exaltata., Renealmia exaltata —
a. Tubulata,  Renealmia  exaltata — a. Galanga,
Maranta galanga.  •
  ALPISTE, Phalaris Canadiensis.
  ALSANDERS, Smyrnium  olusatrum.
  ALSI'NE ME'DIA, A. avicula'rum seu vulga'-
ris, from aXaos, ' a grove,' because growing abun-
dantly in the woods. [ ? ] Morsus Galli'na, Holon'-
teum Alsi'ne, Stella'ria me'dia, Mouse-ear, Chick-
weed, Chickettwort, (F.) Mouron des Oiseaux, Mor-
geline. Ord. Caryophyllaceae.  This plant, if boiled
tender, may be eaten like spinach, and forms an
excellent  emollient poultice.   It was  formerly
regarded as a vulnerary and detergent.
  ALTAFOR, Camphor.
  ALTER SEXUS, Sex, female.
  ALTERANS,  Alterative.
  ALTERANT, Alterative; see,also, Alteration.
  AJjTEB,A'TIOX, Altera'tio, from alter, 'other,'
Alloio'sis, Allceo'sis. This word is used in France
to express any change which  supervenes;  for ex-
ample, in the expression  of the countenance (al-
teration  de la face,) or  in the structure of an
organ (alteration organique,)  or in the  nature of
fluids excreted, (altiration de. Vurine, des larmet,
du lait, &c.)
   Alteration  is also used in an entirely different
sense, to  express intense thirst in disease.  In
this case its etymology is different   It cornea
from haliter, and was formerly written haUter-
atton.
   ALTERATIVE. Al'terans, Alloiot'icus, Alio,
ot icus, Alltot'icus, Immu'tans.  An a<*ent  con
sidered to be capable of producing a° salutary
change in a disease, but without excitin-. any
sensible evacuation.  As medicine improves, this
uncertain class of remedies becomes, of necesVitv
diminished in number.   See Eutrophie       7'
   (F.) Alterant.   The  French  term' likewise 
ALTERCANGENON         49                 ALVEUS
means, that which causes thirst, — Siticulo'sus,
Dipsct'icus, as altirer means both to change, and
to cause  thirst.    S'altSrer  is  to  experience  a
change for the worse,—(corrum'pi.)
  ALTERCANGENON, Hyoscyamus.
  ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus.
  ALTERED, see Castratus.
  ALTH.dE'A, from aXdetv, ' to heal;' A. officina-
lis, Malvavis'cum,  Aristaltha'a, Hibis'cus, Hi-
bis'cum, Ibis'chus, Ibia'cha mismal'va, Bismal'va,
Marsh  mallow.   (Prov.)  Malice.  (F.)  Gui-
tnauve.  Ord. Malvaceae, Sex. Syst.  Monadelphia
Polyandria.  Tho  leaves,  Althw'a fo'lia, and
root,  Altha'a  radix, contain  much  mucilage.
They are  emollient and demulcent, and are em-
ployed wherever medicines,  possessing such'pro-
perties, are required.  In the Ph.  U. S., Althaea
is the root of Altha'a officinalis,
   ALTHANAIHA, Orpiment.
   ALTHEUS, Physician.
   ALTHAXIS, Curation.
   ALTHOS, Medicament,
   ALTILIBAT, Terebinthina.
   ALU'DEL, Alu'tel, Vitrum sublimato'rium.  A
 hollow  sphere of  stone, glass,  or  earthen ware,
 with  a  short neck projecting  at  each  end,  by
 means of which one glass might be set upon the
 other.  The  uppermost had  no aperture at the
 top.  Aludels were formerly used in the sublima-
 tion of various substances.
   A'LULA, diminutive of ala, 'a wing.' A little
 wing.
   ALUM, Symphytum—a. Cataplasm, Coagulum
 aluminosum—a. Egyptian, iEsyptia stypteria.
   Alum,  Roche, Alu'men de Rochi, (F.) Alun de
 Roche.   So called  from  Roccha in Syria, where
 there was a manufactory of it.  It  is in pieces of
 the size of  au almond, covered with a reddish
 efflorescence.
   Common Roche Alum, A. Rochi Gallis.  Frag-
 ments of common alum moistened and shaken
 with prepared.bole.  It is white when broken.
   Alum Root, Geranium maculatum, Heuchera
 cortusa.
   Alum,  Solution op, Compound,  Liquor alumi-
 nis compositus.
   Alum Springs op Virginia, see Virginia, mine-
 ral waters of.
   ALU'MEN, (an  Arabic  term,  alum,) Alum,
 Hypersul'phas  alu'mina et  Potas'sa,.  Potas'sa
 alu'mi no-sulphas,  Sulphas  Alumina  Acid'ulus
 cum Potas'sa, Sulphas Alu'mina, Sulphas KaV-
 ico-alumin'icum, Sulphas alumina'ris, Supersul-
phas  alu'mina et potas'sa, Argilla  sxilphu'rica
 alcalisa'ta,  A. vitriola'ta, Stypte'ria, Sulpersul-
phas  Argilla alcalisa'turn,  Argilla Kalisulphu-
 rica.   (F.) Alun.
   Alumen Catinum, Potash of commerce—a.
 Fixum, see Potash—a. Kinosatum,  Pulvis sul-
 phatis aluminae compositus.
   Alu'men   Commc'ne, Common alum, English
 alum, Rock alum, Alumen factl'tium, A. crystal -
 linum, A. ru'peum, (F.) Alun d'Angleterre, is the
 variety usually employed.    It is  in octahedral
 crystals, but generally in large, wh'ite, semitrans-
 parent  masses j has  a  sweetish,  styptic taste:
 effloresces in the air, and is soluble in 16 parts of
 water at 60°.  It is tonic and astringent, and as
 such is used  internally and externally.  Dose, gr.
v to xv.
   Alu'men   Exsicca'tum,  Alu'men  ustum seu
siccu'tuntseu calcina'tum, Sulphas alu'mina fusus,
Argilla sulphn'rica usta, Burnt alum, dried alum.
(F.) Alun calcini, (Alum melted in an  earthen
vessel until ebullition ceases.)  Escharotic.
   Alu'men  Roma'num,  Roman alum,  A. Ru'ti-
lum seu Rubrum. (F.) Alun de Rome.  In crys-
tals; which are of a pale red when broken, and !
covered with a reddish efflorescence.            ''
  Alumen Siccatum, Alumen exsiccatum.' ■
  ALUMINA,  ACETATE OF, Aluminae Acetaa
— a. Depurata, Argilla pura — a. Pura, Argilla
pura—a. Sulphate of, Aluminae Sulphas.
  ALU'MINiE ACE'T AS, Argil la Acc'tas, Ac"e-
tate of Alu'mina.  A delinquescent salt, obtained
by the addition of acetate  of lead to sulphate of
alumina and potassa.  It possesses the same pro-
perties as tho sulphate of alumina.
  Alu'miNjE et Potassae  Hypersulphas,  Alu-
men — a. et Potassae supersulphas, Alumen — a.
Sulphas, Alumen.                               /
  Alu'mina Sulphas, Argilla Sulphas, Sulphate
of Alu'mina.  Simple sulphate  of  alumina may
be made  by the direct combination of alumina
and sulphuric  acid, and contains 30 per cent, of
the former, to 70 per cent, of tne  latter.   It is
« deliquescent  salt; and is an excellent antisep-
tic and  detergent to ulcers.  It is chiefly used to
preserve dead bodies—a  strong solution being
injected into the arteries.
  Gannal's Solution for preserving animal  sub-
stances is made by dissolving an  ounce of acetate
of alumina in twenty ounces of water.
  Alumina Sulphas Acidulus cum Potassa,
Alumen—a. Sulphas fusus, Alumen exsiecatuin.
  ALUMINE FACTICE, Argilla pura.
  'ALUMINII OXIDUM,  Argilla pura.
  ALUN, Alumen.
  ALUNSEL,  Gutta.
  ALUS, Symphytum.
  ALUSIA, Hallucination—a. Hypochondriasis,
Hypochondriasis.
  ALUTE1,, Aludel.
  ALVAQUILLA, Psoralea glandulosa,
  ALVARAS  NIGRA, Ichthyosis.
  ALVEARIUM, Auditory canal, external.
  ALVE'OLAR, Alveola'ris, from alveus, ' a ca-
vity.'   (F.)  Alv&ola'ue.   That which  relates  to
the alveoli.                            *
  Alveolar Abscess, Parulis.
  Alve'olar Arches, (F.) Arcadea alviolaires,
are formed by the margins or borders, Juga alveo-
la'ria, of the two jaws, which are hollowed by the
Alveoli.
  Alve'olar  Artery, Supra-maxillary A., Ar-
tlre sus-maxillaire of Chaussier, arises from the
internal maxillary, descends behind the tuberos-
ity of the upper jaw, and gives  branches to the
upper molar teeth, gums, periosteum, membrane
of the maxillary sinus, and buccinator muscle.
  Alveolar Border, Limbus alveola'ris.   The
part of  the jaws that is hollowed by the alveoli.
  Alve'olar  Membranes are very fine mem-
branes,  situate between the teeth and alveoli, and
formed  by a portion of the sac or follicle which
enclosed the tooth before it pierced the gum. By
some this membrane has been called the alveola-
dental periosteum.
  Alve'olar  Vein.  This has a similar distri-
bution with  the artery.
  ALVEOLE, Alveolus.
  ALVEOLI DENTIS, see Alveolus.
  ALVEOLO-DENTAL  PERIOSTEUM, see
Alveolar membranes.
  ALVEOLO-LABIAL, Buccinator.
  ALVE'OLUS, same  etymon.  Bo'trion,  Bo'-
thrion,  Odontoboth'rium,  Odontophat'ne,  Frena
(Alve'oli), Mqrtariolum, Holmicos, Prasepiolum,
Phatne,  Phat'nion,  Prase'pium,  Pattie, Pathne,
(F.) Alviole.   The alveoli  are the sockets of the
teeth, Alve'oli dentis, Moe'nia seu  Caver'nae den'-
tium,  into which they are, as it were, driven.
Their size and  shape are determined by the teeth
which they receive, and  they are pierced at the
apex by small  holes, which  give passage to the
dental vessels and nerves.
  ALVEUS, Auge — a. Ampullosus, Reeeptacu-
lum chyli — a. AmpuUescens, Thoraoic duct — a. 
ALVI  EXCRETIO           50              AMBLYOPIA
Communis: see Semicircular canals — a. Utricu-
losus :  see Semicircular canals.
  ALVI  EXCRETIO, Defecation—a. Fluxus
aquosus,  Diarrhoea — a. Laxitas, Diarrhoea — a.
Profluvium, Diarrhoea.
  ALYIDUCUS. Laxative.
  ALVINE, Ahi'nus, from alms, 'the abdomen.'
That which relates to the lower belly, as alrine
dejections, alrine flux, a/cine obstructions, Ac.
  ALVUM EVACUANS. Cathartic.
  ALVUS, Abdomen, .Uterus—a. Adstricta seu
Astricta,  Constipation — a. Cita, Diarrhoea — a.
Dura,  Constipatio — a. Renum,  Pelvis  of the
kidney—a. Tarda, Constipation—a. Viridis, De-
jection.
  ALYCE. Anxiety.
  ALYMPH'IA, from  a,  priv.,  and lympha,
'lymph.'   Want of lymph.                    *
  AL'YPON, from a,  priv., and Xvrctj, 'pain.' An
acrid, purging  plant, described  by Matthiolus.
By some it has been supposed to be the Globula'-
ria alypum of botanists.
  ALYSIS, Anxiety.
  ALYSMUS, Anxiety.
  ALYSSUM PLINII, Galium mollugo.
  ALYSSUS, Antihvdrophobic.
  ALYX'IA  STKLLA'TA, A. aromat'ica,  (F.)
Alyxie aromatique.  A  plant,  of  the family
Apocynaceae, the bark of which resembles canella
alba, and is used in Batavia in pernicious fevers.
  AL'ZILAT.  In some'of the Arabian writers,
a weight of three grains.—Ruland and Johnson.
  AMABILE, Lacuna Labii  Superioris.
  AMADOU, Boletus igniarius.
  AMADOUVIER, Boletus igniarius.
  AMA1GRIR, Emaciate.
  AMAIGRISSEMENT, Emaciation.
  AMAND  (SAINT), MINERAL  WATERS
OF, Saint-Amand-les-Eaux.   These springs, in
the  department Nord, France, are thermal (77°
Fahr.), carbonated chalybeates; and are much
used internally, or  in the  form of  boues, in
jhronic affections of the digestive organs  and
liver, and  in  rheumatism.
  AMANDES, see Amygdala.
  AMANI'T.<E,  from  a,  privative, and  uavta,
'madness:' i.e. 'not  poisonous.'(?)   A name
given, by the Greeks  and Romans, to the  edible
champignons.  Amanita forms, at the present day,
a genus, some of which are edible, others poison-
ous.  Amongst others,  it contains the Agaricus
aurantiacus and A. pseudo-aurantiacus.
  AMARA DULCIS, Solanum dulcamara.
  AMARACI'NUM.   An ancient and esteemed
plaster, containing several aromatics, the marjo-
ram, apapanos, in particular.
  AMARACUS, Origanum majorana—a. Tomen-
tosus, Origanum dictamnus.
  AMARITIES, Bitterness.
  AMARITUDO, Bitterness.
  AMAROR, Bitterness.
  AMARUCACHU, Polyanthes tuberosa.
  AMA'RUS, Picros, 'bitter.' (F.) Amir.   The
bitter principle of vegetables is the great natural
tonic, and hence bitters, as they are  termed col-
rectively, belong to the class of tonics.  Several
are used in  medicine; the  chief are,  gentian,
quassia, cinchona, calumba, dog-wood, Ac.
  AMASE'SIS, Amasse'sis, from a, privative, and
patrnats, 'mastication.'   Mastication  when im-
peded  or impracticable.
  AMATORIUM, Laeuna labii superioris.
  AMATORII, Oblique muscles of the eye.
  AMATORIUM VENEFICIUM, Philter.
  AMATORIUS MUSCULUS,  Obliquus  supe-
rior oculi.
  AMAURO'SIS, Obfueca'tio, Offusca'tio, from
auavoos,  'obscure,' Drop serene, Gutta eere'na,
 Catarac'ta nigra, Parop'aia amauro'aia, Immobil -
Has pupil'la,  Suffu'sio  nigra,  Black cat aract,
Nervous blindness, (F.) Gouttc-eereinc, Cataracts
noire, Anopticonervie  (Piorry).- Diminution, or
complete loss  of sight,  without any perceptible
alteration  in the organization of the eye; gene-
rally, perhaps, owing to  loss  of power of the
optic nerve or  retina—Optic anasthe'sia.   Coun-
ter-irritants are the-  most  successful  remedial
agents, although the disease is always very diffi.
cult of removal, and generally  totally incurable.
  Amaurosis Dimidiata, Heniiopia—a. Diurnal,
Nyctalopia—a. Nocturnal, Hemeralopia—a. Im-
perfecta, Hypo-amaurosis.
  AMAUROTIC, Amaurot'icus,  (F.)  Amattro-
tiqne ; same etymon.  Affected with amaurosis.
  Amaurotic  Cat's  Eye,  Galcamauro'sis.  A
name given by Beer  to an  amaurotic  affection,
accompanied  by a remarkable  change  of colour
in the pupil, which presents, apparently in the
fundus of  the eye, a lighter tint, yellowish or
brownish  yellow,  instead of  its natural  clear
black.
  AMA'ZIA, from a, privative, and/ia£o;, 'breast'
A monstrosity, in which there is absence of one
or both breasts.
  AMBARUM, Ambergris — a. Cineritium, Am-
bergris.
  AMBE, from aufiatvco,  'I ascend;' Amli.  A
superficial  eminence on  a bone.   Also,  an old
surgical machine for reducing dislocations of the
shoulder;  the invention of which is ascrihed t&
Hippocrates.   It is no  longer used. —Hippo-
crates, Scultetus.   See Crista.
  AMBER, Succinum — a. Liquid: see Liquid-
amber styraciflua.
  AM'BERGRIS, 'gray amber,' Ambor, Ambar,
Ambra gri'sea seu cinera'cea  seu  ambrosiaca,
Ambarum,  Suc'cinum  cine'reum  seu  gri'eeum,
Am'barum  cineri'Hium.   A  concrete substance,
of the consistence of wax, cineritious  colour,
studded with yellow and blackish spots, and ex-
haling a very  pleasant 'odour.   If seems  highly
probable that  ambergris is  formed  in the intes-
tines of the whale, and voided with its excre-
ment.  Like all aromatic  substances, ambergris
is slightly anti-spasmodic and excitant; but it is
oftener employed as a perfume than as a medi-
cine.
  AMBIA.  A liquid, yellow bitumen,  the smell
and virtues of  which are similar to those of the
resin tacamahaca.  It is obtained from a spring
in India.
  AMBICUS,  Alembic.
  AMBIDEX'TER, Amphidex'ius,  from  ambo,
'both,' and dexter, 'right.'  One who uses both
hands with equal facility.   Celsus says the sur-
geon ought to  be  'non minus sinistrd quam dex-
trd promptus.'  One of the aphorisms of  Hippo-
crates says, that a woman is never ambidexter.
This is a mistake.
  AMBIL.EVUS, Ampharisteros.
  AMBIOPIA, Diplopia.
  AMBITUS  GENITALIS  MULIEBRIS, Ve*.
tibulum.
  AMBLOMA, Abortion.
  AMBLOSIS, Abortion.
  AMBLOSMUS. Abortion.
  AMBLOTHRIDION,  see  Abortion
  AMBLOTHRIDIUM, Abortive
  AMBLOTICUS, Abortive
  AMBLUS, ap(3Xvs, 'obscure.'  Hence
  AMBLYAPII'IA from  arfXvs,  'obscure.' and
 a<pv, 'feeling.   Dulness of the  sense of touch.
  AMBLYOGMOS, Amblyopia

  /SLZ?'PI/',,fro" a^ '°W^>' ««•
op>a (so called by some, according to CistellL
ob tgnorantiam Graca lingua), Hebetu'do t;sa7, 
AMBLYOSMOS             51                   AMMI
Feebleness of sight, (F.) Amblyopie, Vue faible. 1
First degree of Amaurosis.—Hippocrates.
  Amblyopia  Crepuscularis, Hemeralopia—a.
Dissitorum, Myopia—a. Meridiana, Nyctalopia— |
a. Proximorum, Presbytia.
  AMBLYOSMOS, Amblyopia.
  AMBOLICUS, Abortive.
  AMBON, ap0u>v, 'the raised rim of a shield or
dish,' from aplSaivw, 'I ascend.'  The fibro-carti-
laginous rings or bourrelets, which surround  the
articular cavities, as the glenoid cavity of  the
scapula, the acetabulum, Ac, have been so called
—Galen.   See Crista.
  AMBOR, Ambergris.
  AMBRA, Succinum — a. Ambrosiaca, Amber-
gris—a. Cineracea, Ambergris.
  AMBRAGRISEA, Ambergris.
  AMBRE  BLANC,  Succinum  (album) —a.
Jaune,  Succinum.
  AMBRETTE, Hibiscus  abelmoschus.
  AMBRINA AMBROSIOIDES, Chenopodium
arabrosioides — a. Antheltnintica, Chenopodium
anthelminticum— a. Botrys, Chenopodium botrys.
  AMBROISIE DUMEXIQUE, Chenopodium
ambrosioides.
   AMBRO'SIA, from  a,  privative, and (Spores,
 'mortal.'   Food  which  makes immortal, or  the
 food of immortals.  Food  of the gods — Homer.
 See also, Chenopodium botrys.
   Ambrosia Elatior, see  A. Trifida.
   Ambrosia  Marit'ima,  Ord. Compositae.   A
plant which grows on  the shores of the  Levant,
 and has a pleasant, bitter and aromatic taste.   It
 is given in infusion, as a tonic and antispasmodic.
   Ambrosia  Trif'ida, Horseweed, Itichweed,
 Horsemint, Horsecane, Bitterwecd, Great or Tall
 Ragweed, Wild Hemp.   This indigenous plant is
 found  in low grounds  and along streams, from
 Canada to Georgia, and west  to Louisiana  and
 Arkansas.  It is  an  annual, and flowers in  Au-
 gust and  September.   An  infusion  has been re-
 commended locally in mercurial salivation.
   Ambrosia Elatior, Ragweed, is said by Dr. R.
 E. Griffith to  have much more developed sensible
 properties.
   AMBROSIE DU MEXIQUE, Chenopodium
 ambrosioides.
   AMBULANCE (F.), from ambulare, 'to walk.'
 A  military hospital attached  to  an army,  and
 moving, along with it.   Also  called Hdpital  am-
 bulant.
   AMBULATIO, Walking.
   AM'BULATORY,  Am'bulans, Ambulati'vus,
 Am'bulative, (F.) Ambulant.  A morbid affection
 is  said to  be 'ambulatory,' (F.) ambulant, when
 it skips from  one part to another; as Erisyplles
 ambulants, Ac   When blisters are  applied  suc-
 cessively on different parts of the body, they are
 called  Vesicatoires ambulants.
   AMBULEIA, Cichorium intybus.
   AM'BULI.  The Brachmanic name for an In-
 dian aquatic herb, which  appears to belong to
 the family Lysimachia.  The whole plant has a
 sweet  smell.   Its decoction  has a very  bitter
 taste, and  is  an excellent  febrifuge.  It is  also
 taken in milk in cases of vertigo.
   AM'BULO FLATULEN'TUS  ET FURIO'-
 SUS,   Flatus furio'sns, Vare'ni.  Painful,  mo-
 bile, and  periodical tumours  affecting different
 parts, which  were once considered as the effect
 of very subtile vapours — Michaelis.  Their na-
 ture is  by no  means clear.
   AMBUSTIO, Burn.
 .  AMBUTUA,  Pareira brava.
   AMBUYA-EMBO.   A very beautiful, creeping
 aristolochia of Brazil, the  decoction of which is
 exhibited successfully in obstructions.  It is  also
 used in fumigation and in  baths as a tonic.
   A ME, Anima.
   A ME LI.  A  Malabar shrub, belonging to a
 genus unknown.  The decoction of its leaves is
 said to relieve colic.  Its roots, boiled in oil, are
 used to repel tumours.
   AMELIA, Apathy.
   AMENIA, Amenorrhoea,  Emmenagogues.
   AMENOMA'NIA.  A hybrid  word,  formed
I from the Latin amcenus, 'agreeable,' and pavta,
 'mania.'   A gay form of insanity.
   AMENORRHEA, Parame'nia obstrurtio'nis,
 Menocryph'ia, Menosta'sia, Apophrax'is,Arrlnc'a,
 Defec'tus seu Reman'sio seu Cessa'tio men'sium,
 Menstrua'tio  impedi'ta,  Ischome'nia, Ame'nia,
 Ametroha'mia,  from a, privative, unv, 'a month,'
 and ptu>, 'I flow.'  Suppression of the menses, (F.)
 Suppression  du, flux menstruel.   This suppression
 is most commonly symptomatic, and hence the
 chief attention  must be paid to the cause.  Usu-
 ally, there is an atonic state of the system gene-
 rally, and hence chalybeates and other tonics are
 advisable.
    Two great varieties of Amenorrhoea are com-
 monly reckoned.   1. A. Emansio'nis, Eman'sio
 men'sium, Menis'chesis, Menos'chesis, Menstrua'tio
 reten'ta, Men'sium reten'tio, Retention of tho men-
 ses, when the menses do not appear at the usual
 age : and, 2. Suppres'sio Men'sium seu Menstru-
 atio'nis, Amenorrhea Snppressio'nis,  Interrup'tio
 menstruatio'nis, Menstrua'tio suppres'sa, in which
 the catamenia  are obstructed in  their regular
 periods of recurrence..  See Emansio Mensium,
 and Menses.
    Amenorrhoea  Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea—a.
 Emansionis, see Amenorrhoea—a. Hymenica, see
 Hymenicus — a.  Partialis,   Dysmenorrhoea'—a.
 Suppressionis, see Amenorrhoea.
    AMENTIA,  Dementia: see, also, Fatuitas, and
 Idiotism—a. Senilis, Dementia of the aged.
    AMER, Amarus — a. de Bceuf,  Bile  of tht
 ox.
    AMERICAN, see Homo.
    AMERICANUM TUBEROSUM, Solanum tu-
 berosum.
    AMERTUME, Bitterness.
    AM'ETHYST, Amethys'tus,  from a, privative,
 and piQvu,  'I  am drunk.'   A precious stoue, to
 which the ancients attributed the property of
 preventing drunkenness.  It was also used as an
 anti-diarrhoeic  and absorbent.—Pliny, Albertus
 Magnus.
    AMETH'YSUM, Amethys'tum,  (remedium.)
 Same etymon  as the last.  A remedy for drunk-
 enness.
    AMETRIA,  Intemperance,  from  i, privative,
 and perpov,  'measure.'  Also, absence  of the
 uterus ; from a, privative, and p-nrpa, 'the uterus.'
    AMETROH.EMIA, Amenorrhoea.
    AMIAN'THUM  MUSCETOX'ICUM, (autav-
 tos,  'pure,'  and av$os,  'a  flower,') Melan'thium
 muscatox'icum, Helo'nias  erythrosperm'a,  Fly-
 poison, Fall-poismi,  indigenous.  Ord.  Melan-
 thaceae.   A narcotic poison, not used, however.
    AMICULUM,  Amnios.
    AMIDOLIQUE, from amidum, 'starch.'   Ap-
 pertaining or  belonging to starch.  M. B6ral
 calls medicaments amidoliques those, which owe
 their general properties to starch.
    AMIDON,  Amylum — a. Iodure d',  Starchy
 Iodide of.
    AMIDONNIERE, Ammi maculatum.
    AMIDUM, Amylum.
    AMINiEA, Anime.
    AMIN^E'UM VINUM, Amine'an wine, highlj
 esteemed as a stomachic.   Virgil distinguishes it
 from the  Falernian.—Pliny, Macrobius, Ac.
    AMMA, Truss.
    AMMI, Ammi majua seu  cicutafo'lium seu
 vulga're seu Bolberi, Am'mios murica'ta, A'pium 
AMNION
52
AMMONIA  ACETAS
ammi,  Bishop's weed.  The seeds of this plant
are aromatic  and pungent.  They are said to be
carminative and diuretic, and are tonic and sto-
machic
  Ammi Bolberi, Ammi — a. des Boutiques, see
Sison ammi—a. Cicutaefolium, Ammi—a. Majus,
Ammi—a. Verum, see Sison ammi—a. Vulgare,
Ammi.
  AMMION, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum.
  AMMIOS MURICATA, Ammi.
  AMMISMUS, Psammismus.
  AMMOCHO'SIA,  Ammocho'sis,  from  appos,
' sand,'and xcb>> ' ^ Pour-'   Arena'tio.  Putting
(lie human body in hot sand, for the  cure  of
disease.
  AMMO'NIA, Ammo'nia or Ammoni'acal gas,
Volatile al'kali, Alcali ammoniacum caus'ticum,
A. volat'ile caus'ticum, Ammo'nia caus'tica  seu
pura, Ammoniacum, A. caus'ticum,  Gas ammo-
tiiaca'li, Mephitis  urino'sa,  (F.)  Ammoniaque,
Air alcalin, Gaz ammoniacal. An alcali, so called,
because obtained principally by decomposing sal
ammoniac (muriate  of ammonia) by lime.  This
gas is  colourless, transparent, elastic, of a pun-
gent, characteristic odour, and an  acrid, urinous
taste.  It turns the syrup of violets green, and
its  specific  gravity is  0-596.   When  inhaled,
largely diluted with common air, it is a powerful
irritant.   When unmixed, it instantly  induces
suffocation.
  Ammonia, Acetate op, Solution of, Liquor
ammoniae aeetatis—a. Arseniate of, Arseniate  of
ammonia—a.  Benzoate of, Ammoniae  benzoas—
a.  Bicarbonate  of, see Ammoniae carbonas — a.
Caustica liquida, Liquor ammoniae — a. Chloro-
hydrate of, Ammoniae murias—a. Citrate of, Am-
moniae citras—a. Hydriodate of,  Ammonium, io-
dide of—a. Hydrochlorate of, Ammoniae murias
—a. Hydrosulphuretof, Ammoniae sulphuretum—
a. Iodide of, see  Iodine—a. Liniment  of, strong,
Linimentum ammoniae fortius—a. Liquid, Liquor
Ammoniae—a. Muriatica, Ammonias murias — a.
Nitrata, Ammoniae nitras—a. Phosphate of, Am-
moniae phosphas—a. Praeparata, Ammoniae car-
bonas — a. Pura liquida, Liquor  ammoniae — a.
Solution of, Liquor ammoniae — a. Solution  of,
stronger, Liquor ammoniae fortior — a. Tartrate
of, Ammoniae tartras.
  AMMO'NIAC,  GUM,  Ammoniacum  (Ph.  U.
S.), Gum'mi Ammoniacum, Armoni'acum, Mato'-
rium, (F.) Ammoniac,  Gomme  ammoniaque,  so
called  from Ammonia in Lybia, whence it is
brought.   A gum-resin, the concrete juice  of
 Dore'ma ammoni'acjim, of Persia: a species of a
genus  allied to Ferula;  and also the  gum-resin
of Fer'ula tingita'na.  The latter is the ammo-
niacum of commerce, u It is in irregular, dry
masses  and  tears, yellow  externally,  whitish
within.  Its odour is peculiar, and not ungrate-
ful : taste nauseous, sweet, and bitter.  It forms a
white emulsion with water: is soluble in vinegar;
partially so in alcohol, ether, and solutions of the
alcalies.
   Gum ammoniacum  is expectorant, deobstru-
ent (?), antispasmodic, discutient, and resolvent.
It is chiefly used, however, in the first capacity,
and in the formation of certain plasters.
   Two  varieties  are  met with  in the  market,
Gutta  ammoniaci, the best;  and Lapis ammoni'-
aci, the more impure.
   AMMONIAC^ NITRAS, Ammonia;  nitras—
a. Sulphas, Ammoniae sulphas.
   AMMONIACUM, Ammonia,  Ammoniac gum
 —a. Hydrochloratum ferratum, Ferrum ammoni-
atum—a. Succinatum, Spiritus ammoniae foetidus
—a. Volatile mite, Ammoniae carbonas.
   AMMONIA ACETAS, Liquor ammoniae aee-
tatis—a. Arsenias, Arseniate of Ammonia.
  Ammonia Ben'zoas, Ben'zoate of Ammonia.
A salt formed  by the union of benzoic acid and
ammonia, which has been proscribed for the re-
moval of gouty depositions of urate of soda in
the joints.  It is regarded as a good  diuretic.
  Ammonite Bicar'bonas, Bicarb'onate of Am-
mo'nia, is officinal iu the Dublin Pharmacopoeia.
It has the same properties as the next, and is
more  palatable.  Dose, six to twenty-four grains,
  Ammonije Car'bonas, A. Subcar'bonas StiuSts-
quicar'bonae, Salt of bones, Sal Os'siuin, Sal Ftt-
lig"inis,  Salt of wood-aoot, Salt of urine, Volatile
Sal Ammoniac, Baker's  salt, Alcali   volat'ili
aera'tum, A. volat'ile ammoniaca'le, A. volat'ili
ex sale ammoni'aco, Ammoniacum volat'ile miti,
Ammo'nium carbon'icum seu aubcarbo'neum,  Car-
bonas ammo'nia alkali'nus seu incomple'tus  seu
superammoni'acus, Hypocar'bonas ammo'nia, Flo-
res salis ammoni'aci, Sal cornu cervi volat'ile, Sal
volat'ilis salis ammoni aci, Concrete or mild volatile
alkali, Carbonate or Subcarbonate of ammonia,
Ammo'nia prapara'ta, Sal volat'ile, Smelling salt,
(F.)  Carbonate d'ammoniaque,  Sel volutil d'An-
gleterre, (Amnion, muriat.  ft)j ;  Creta R>iss. Sub-'
lime — Ph. U. S.)  A white, striated, crystalline
mass; odour and taste pungent and ammoniacal:
soluble in two parts of water:  insoluble in alco-
hol : effloresces in the air.  It is stimulant, ant-
acid, diaphoretic, and antispasmodic.  Dose, gr.
v to xv.
  Carbonate of ammonia is at times used to form
effervescing draughts.  One scruple saturates six
fluidrachms of lemon juice, twenty-six grains of
crystallized tartaric acid, and twenty-six grains
of crystallized citric acid.
  Carbonate of  ammonia is the usual  smelling
salts.  When  a  few drops of Liquor Ammonia;
fortior are  added to it coarsely powdered,  and
some  volatile oil, it forms Preston Salts.
  Ammonite Citras, Citrate of Ammo'nia. Made
by saturating  lemon or lime juice, or a solution
of citric acid, with carbonate of ammonia. Dose,
f Jss.   It may be made  extemporaneously,  and
taken in  an effervescing state.  Seventeen grains
of citric acid, or half a fluidounce of  lemon juice,
will be sufficient for thirteen grains of carbonate
of ammonia.
  Ammonite Cupro-stjlphas, Cuprum ammonia-
tum.
  Ammonia et  Ferri Murias, Ferrum ammo-
niatum—a. Ferro-citras, Ferri ammonio-citras—
a. Hydriodas,  Ammonium, iodide of—a. Hydro-
chloras, Ammoniae  murias — a. Hydrosulphure-
turn, Liquor fumans Boylii — a, Hypocarbonas,
Ammoniae  Carbonas.
  Ammonia Mu'rias  (Ph.  U. S.),  Mu'riate or
Chlorohydrate of Ammo'nia, Hydrochlo'rate of
Ammo'nia,  Chlorohydrate of Ammo'nia (Ph. U.
                                          Sal
                                         niutn
                                   , Chlorurt4- ;
           nicum, Sal Armeni'acum,  Salmiac,
Fuli'go  Alba  Philosopho'rum,  Misadir,  (F.)
Muriate d'Ammoniaque, Sel Ammoniac ou Arms-
mac.  A saline  concrete, formed by the combi-
nation of muriatic acid with ammonia. In E»ypt
it is manufactured in large quantities by sublinv i
ing the soot formed by burning camel's dune-J» j
pounds of the soot yielding 6 pounds:  It is al*> 1
prepared, in great quantities, by adding sulphuric *
acid to  the volatile  alkali obtained from soot,
bones, Ac, mixing this with  common  salt, and
subliming.                                '
  Muriate of ammonia is inodorous, but has an
acrid, pungent,  bitterish,  and  urinous taste.
Three parts of cold water dissolve  one.  Solu-
ble also  in 4-5 parts of alcohol.  It i3  anpripnt
and diuretic, but seldom  used internally   Ex
 
AMMONIAQUE            53                AMOMUM
tcrnally, it is employed, producing  cold during
its solution, in inflammations, Ac
  Ammo'nia  Nitras, Nitrate of Ammonia, Al-
kali volaf'ili nitra'tum, Sal ammoni'acus nitro'sus,
Ammo'nia  nitra'ta, Nitras ammoni'aca,  Nitrum
flammans,  (F.) Nitrate  d'Ammoniaque.  A salt
composed of nitric acid anil ammonia.  It is diu-
retic and deobstruent. (?)   Externally, it is dis-
cutient and sialogogue.
  Ammo'ni^e  Phosphas, Ammo'nium phosphor'i-
cum, Phosphate of Ammo'nia,  (F.)  Phosphate
U"Ammoniaque. This salt has been recommended
as an excitant, diaphoretic, and discutient.  More
recently, it has been proposed as a new remedy
for gout and rheumatism, as a solvent of uric acid
calculus, and for diseases,  acute and chronic, con-
nected directly with the lithic acid diathesis.
  Ammonite Sesquicarbonas, A. carbonas.
  Ammo'ni^e Sulphas, Sulphate of Ammo'nia,
Sulphas ammoni'aca, Ammo'nium sulphu'ricnm,
Alkali volat'ile vitriola'turn, Sal Ammoniacum
eecre'tum Glauberi, Sal secre'ttis Glauberi, Vi-
triolum ammoniaca'le,  (F.) Sulphate d'Ammoni-
aque.  Formed by adding  sulphuric acid either to
sal ammoniac or to ammoniacal liquor. Its proper-
ties are like those of the muriate of  ammonia.
   Ammo'nijE Sulphure'tum, Sul'phuret of Am-
mo'nia, Hydrosul'phuret of Ammo'nia,  Ammo'-
nium Sulfhydra'tum, Hydrosulphas  Amtitonia,
Spir'itus  Begui'ni, Sp. fumans Begui'ni, Sul-
phure'tum ammoni'aca, Sp. salis amrnoni'aci sul-
phur a'tus, Liquor ammo'nii hydrothi'odis, Hydro-
tulphure'tum Ammo'nicum, Hydrosulph. ammonia-
ca'le aquo'sum, Hydrog"eno-sulphure'turn ammo-
ni'aca liq'uidum,  Spir'itus  sulphuris volat'ilis,
Hepar sulphuris i;o?a<'t7e,-BoYLE's or Beguine's
fuming spirit, (F.) Hydrosulphate sulfure d'Am-
moniaque,  Liqueur fumante de  Boyle,  Sulfure
hydroginS d'Ammoniaque, Hydrosulfure d'Am-
moniaque.   Odour very fetid; taste nauseous and
styptic;  colour dark yellowish green.   It is re-
puted to be sedative, nauseating, emetic, disoxy-
genizing (?) and has been  given  in diabetes and
diseases of increased excitement. Dose, gtt. vij
to gtt. xx.
  Ammo'nia  Tartras, Al'kali volat'ile  tartari-
za'tum, Sal Ammoniacum tarta'reum,  Tar'tarus
ammo'nia, Tartrate of Ammo'nia, (F.) Tartrate
d'Ammoniaque.  A salt composed of tartaric acid
and ammonia.  It  is diaphoretic and diuretic;
but not much used.
  AMMONIAQUE, Ammonia—a. Arsiniate d',
Arseniate of ammonia—a. Hydrosulfure  d', Am-
moniae sulphuretum—a. Hydrosulfate  sulfure d',
Ammoniae  sulphuretum—a. Liquide, Liquor am-
moniae—a. Phosphate d', Ammoniae phosphas—
a. Sulfure  hydrogeni d', Ammoniae sulphuretum.
  AMMONII IODIDUM, Ammonium, iodide of
—a. Ioduretuin, Ammonium, iodide of.
  AMMONIO-CUPRICUS SUBSULPHAS, Cu-
prum ammoniatum.
  AMMO'NION, from appos, 'sand.' An ancient
collyrium of great virtue in many diseases of the
eye, and which was said  to remove sand from
that organ.
  AMMONIUM ARSENICICUM, Arseniate of
ammonia—a. Carbonicum, Ammoniae carbonas—
a. Hydroiodicum, Ammonium, iodide of—a. Io-
datuin, Ammonium, iodide of.
  Ammo'nium, Iodide op,  Iod'idum  seu Iodure'-
xnm ammonii, Ammonium  loda'tum  seu  Hydro-
iod'icum, Hydrlodas ammo'nia,  Hydri'odate of
ammo'nia.   This  salt  is  formed by saturating
liquid hydriodic acid with caustic ammonia, and
evaporating the solution.   It is applied in the
form of  ointment  (3J ad  adipis 3J)  in lepra,
psoriasis, Ac
  Ammonium Muriaticum  Martiatum  seu Mar-
tiale, Ferrum ammoniatum—a. Muriatum, Am-
moniae  murias — a. Pbosphoricum, Ammoniae
phosphas—a. Subcarboneum, Ammoniae carbonas
—a. Sulfhydratum, Ammoniae- sulphuretum—a.
Sulphuricum, Ammoniae sulphas.
  AMNA ALCALIZATA, Water, mineral, sa-
line.
  AMNEMOSYNE; Amnesia.
  AMNE'SIA, Amnest'ia, Amnemos'yne, from a,
privative, and pvnats, 'memory.'  Mo'ria imbec"-
ilia  amne'aia, Obliv'io, Recollectio'nie jactu'ra,
Dysasthe'sia inter'na,  Debil'itas memo''ria, Me-
mo'ria dele'ta, (F.) Perte de Mcmoire, ' loss  of
memory.'   By some nosologists, amnesia  con-
stitutes a  genus of diseases.  By most, it is  con-
sidered only as a symptom, which  may occur in
many, diseases.
  AMNESTIA, Amnesia.
  AMNIC, Amniotic.
  AMNIC ACID, Amniotic acid.
*  AMNIITIS, Amnitis.
  AMNIOCLEP'SIS,  from  amnios, and kXztctw,
'Isteal or take away clandestinely.'  Premature
escape of the liquor amnii.
  AMNIORRHCE'A,  from amnios, and ptu, 'I
flow.' A premature discharge of the liquor amnii.
  A M ' N I 0 N,  Am'nios, Amnium,  Hym'nium,
 Charta virgin1 ea, Armatu'ra, Agnlna membra'na,
Pellu'cida membra'na,  Galea, Scepar'num, Indu'-
sium, Amic'ulum, Membra'na fuetum  invol'vcns.
The innermost of the enveloping membranes of
the fuetus:—so called  because first observed in
the sheep (?), (apvos, 'a sheep.') It is thin, trans-
parent, perspirable, and possesses many delicate
colourless vessels, which have not been injected.
It is generally considered to be produced by a
fold of the external layer of the germinal mem-
brane, rising up, and  gradually  enveloping the
embryo.  Its external  surface is feebly united to
the  chorion by areolar and vascular filaments.
Its inner surface is polished, and is in contact
with the body of the foetus and the  liquor amnii.
  AMNIOT'IC,  Amniot'icus,  Amnic, Am'nicus,
(F.) Amniotique ou Amnique.  Relating, or  ap-
pertaining, to the  amnios.
  AMNIOT'IC ACID, Ac"idum  am'nicum  seu
amniot'icum. A peculiar acid, found by Vauque-
lin and Buniva in the liquor amnii of the cow.
  AMNIQUE, Amniotic.
  AMNI'TIS,  Amnii'tis,  from amnion and itis,
'inflammation.'   Inflammation of the amnion.
  AMGSNOMA'NIA, from amcenus, 'agreeable,'
and mania.  A form of mania in which the  hal-
lucinations are of an agreeable character.
  AMOME FAUX, Sison amomum.
  AMO'MUM  CARDAMO'MUM  '(Ph. D.),  A.
verum, Alpin'ia cardamo'mum, Caro'pi, Mato'nia
Cardamo'mum, Eletta'ria  Cardamo'mum, Carda-
mo'mum Minus, Lesser, True, or Officinal Cnr'da-
mom, (F.)  Cardamome  de la C6te de Malabar,
Cardamome.   Ord. Zingiberaceae.  The  fruit of
this East India plant—Cardamomum, (Ph. y. S.),
C. Malabar en'se— has  an agreeable,  aromatic
odour, and a pungent, grateful taste.  It is car-
minative  and stomachic: but is chiefly used to
give warmth to other remedies. It is called Amo-
mis.  Dose, gr. v to Qj.
  The Amo'mum Cardamo'mum of Linnaeus, Clus-
ter  or Round Cardamom of  Sumatra, Java, and
other islands  eastward of the Bay of  Bengal,
yields the round Cardamom, Cardamo'mum  ro-
tun'dum, of the shops.  The fruits, in their native
clusters or spikes, constituting the Amo'mum ra-
cemo'sum, are  rarely met with.
  Amomum Curcuma, Curcuma longa.
  Amomum Galanga, Maranta galanga.
  Amomum  Granum Paradisi,  a.  max'fmnm,
Cardamo'mum majus seu piper a'turn, Meleguet'ta,
Maniguet'ta.   Greater cardamom seeds — Grana
Paradlsi, Graine  of Paradiae, (F.)  Grainea  dt 
AMOR
54
AMUbJiiu .u
Paradis—resemble A. cardamomum in properties.
They are extremely hot. and not much used.
  Amomum, Great-winged, Amomum maximum
—a. Hirsutum, Costus.
  Amomum Max'imum,  Great-winged Amomum,
yields the fruit known in commerce by the names
Java or Nepal Cardamoms,  Bengal Cardamoms
of the Calcutta market, Ac.—Pereira.
  Amomum Montanum, see Cassumuniar—a. Pi-
menta, see Myrtus pimenta—a. Racemosum, see"
A. cardamomum—a. Sylvestre, see Cassumuniar
—a. Zedoaria, Kaempferia rotunda—a. Zerumbet,
see Cassumuniar.
  Amomum Zin'giber, Zin'giber  officinale seu
album seu nigrum seu commii'ne, Zin'ziber, Gin-
ger, (F.) Gingembre.  The black and white ginger,
Zin'ziber fusctim et album, Zin'giber (Ph.  U. S.),
are the  rhizoma of the same plant, Zin'giber offi-
cina'le,  the difference depending upon the mode
of preparing them.
  The odour of ginger is aromatic ; taste  warm,
aromatic, and acrid.  It yields its virtues to alco-
hol, and in a great degree to wnter.  It is car-
minative, stimulant, and sialogogue.
  Preserved Ginger, Zingib'eris Radix Condi'ta,
Radix Zingib'eris condi'ta ex Indid alla'tn, is a
condiment which possesses  all the  virtues  of
ginger.
  Ginger-Beer Powders  may bo formed  of white
tugar ^\ and  Qij, ginger gr. v, subcarbonate of
soda gr. xxxvj, in each blue paper: acid of tar-
tar J)iss, in each white paper—for  half a pint of
water.
  Osley's Concentrated Essence of Jamaica Gin-
ger is a solution of ginger in rectified spirit.
  AMOR,  Love.
  AMORGE, Amurca.
  AMORPHUS, Anhistous, Anideus.
  AMOSTEUS, Osteocolla.
  AMOUR,  Love—a. Physique, Appetite, vene-
real.
  AMOUREUX, (muscle.)   Obliquus  superior
oculi.
  AMPAC, Amp'acus.  An East India  tree, the
leaves of  which have a strong odour,  and are
used in  baths as detergents.  A very odoriferous
resin  is  obtained from it.
  AMPAR, Succinum.
  AMPELOCARPUS, Galium aparine.
  AMPELOPRASUM, Allium.
  AMPELOP'SIS  QUINQUEFO'LIA, (apncXos,
'the vine,' and o\J/«, 'appearance,')  Virgin'ian
Creeper, American Ivy, Five-leaved Ivy, Woody
Climber.  An  indigenous climbing plant.   Ord.
Vitaeeae; which flowers in July.   It has been
advised  as an expectorant.
  AMPELOS, Vitis vinifera—a. Agria,  Bryonia
alba—a. Idaea, Vacciniuin Vitis Idaea—a. Melaena,
Tamus -communis—a. Oinophorus,  Vitis  vinifera
  AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA, Diplopia.
  AMPHARI.S'TEROS,^»)6i7a>'M««, 'awkward;'
from fipijji, and apiarcpos, 'the left.'  Opposed to
ambidexter.
  AMPHEMERINOS, Quotidian.
  AMPHEMERUS, Quotidian.
  AMPHI, apipi, 'both, around, on  all  sides.'
Hence, a prefix in many of the following terms
  AMPIIIAM, Opium.
  AMPHIARTIIRO'SIS, from ap<pt, 'both,' and
anSpuxxis, 'articulation.'  A mixed articulation,
in which the corresponding surfaces of bones are
united in an intimate manner by an intermediate
body, which allows, however, of some slight mo-
tion.  Such is the junction of the  bodies  of the
vertebrae by  means  of  the  intervertebral car-
tilages.  This  articulation  has also been  called
Diarthrose de Continuite.  The motion it permits
is but slight.
  AMPHIBLESTROIDITIS, Retinitis.
  A MPHIBLESTROIDES, Retioular.
  AMPHIBLESTROMALA'CIA,   Amphtblee-
 troidomala'cia, from amphiblestroides.(membra-
 na), 'the retina, and paXaicta, 'softening.'   Mol-
 Iescence or softening of the retina.
  AMPHIBRAN'CHIA, from  ap<pt, 'around,'
 and fipayxia, ' the thrdat.'  Amphibron'chia. The
 tonsils and neighbouring parts.—Hippocrates.
  AMPHICAUSTIS, Vulva.
  AMIIID'EUM, from  auipt, 'around,' and icm,
 'I  bind.'   The outermost margin of the cervix
 uteri;  the  Labium uteri.
  AMPHIDEXIUS, Ambidexter.
  AMPHIDIARTHRO'SIS, from ap<pt, 'about,'
 and itapSpuHTts, ' moveable joint.'  A name given
 by  Winslow to the teraporo-maxillary articula-
 tion,  because,  according  to that anatomist, it
 partakes both  of ginglytnus and arthrodia.
  AMPHIESMA CORDIS, Pericardium.
  AMPHIMERINA, Pertussis—a. Hectica, Hec
 tic  f6vcr.
  AMPHIMERINOS, Quotidian.
  AMPMON, Maslach.
  AMPHIPLEX, Perinaeum.
  AMPHIPNEUMA, Dyspnoea.
  AMPHISMELA, Knife,  double-edged.
  AMPHISMILE, Knife, double-edged.
  AMPHISPHAL'SIS,  Circumac'tio,   Circum.
 duct fa, from ap<pt, 'around,' and acpaXXia,  'I  wan-
 der.'  The  movement of circumduction  used in
 reducing luxations.—Hippocrates.
  AMPHODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia.
  AM'PHORA, per syncop. for ap<ptd>optvs,  from
 apipi, ' on both sides,' and <pcpu>, ' I bear :' because
 it had two  handles.  A liquid  measure among
 the ancients,  containing above  seven  gallons.
 Also called Quadrant'al, Cera'mium, Ceram'nium,
 Cadus.
  AMPHORIC RESPIRATION, see Cavernous
 Respiration.
  AMPHOTERODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia.
  AMPHRODIPLOPIA, Diplopia.
  AMPLEXATIO, Coition.
  AMPLEXUS, Coition.
  AMPLIFICATIO, Platynosis.
  AMPLIOPIA, Amblyopia.
  AMPOSIS, Anaposis.
  AMPOULES, Essera.
  AMPUL'LA, (L.) 'A bottle.'  A membranous
 bag, shaped like a leathern bottle.  See Cavitaa
 Elliptica.   In  pharmacy, a  receiver.
  Ampulla Chylifera seu Chyli, Reeepta-
 culum chyli.
  AMPULLA, Phlyctaenae.
  AMPUTATION, Amputa'tio,  from amputate,
 amputatum,  (am,  'around,' and putare,  'to cut
 off.  )  Apot'ome, Apotom'ia.  The operation of
separating,  by  means of a cutting instrument, a
limb or a part  of a limb, or a projecting part, as
the  mamma, penis, Ac, from tho rest of the body.
In the case of a tumour, the term  excision, re-
moval, or extirpation, (F.) Resection, is more com-
monly used.
  Amputation  Circular, is that' in which the
integuments and muscles are divided circularly.
  Amputation. Flap,  (F.) A.  d lambeaux,iS
when one or two flaps are left so as to cover the
stump when the limb has been removed
  Amputation, Joint,  Ejcarticula'tio,  (F.) A.
dans I article om dans la contiguiti des membres
is when the hmb ,s removed at an  articulation '
  Each  amputation  requ res a A\Kor^T
which is described in works^ottt v  £££'
  Amputation, Spontaneous see 4™J  S '
  AMULET, Amuletum     '     SP0°taiieous.
  AMULETTE. Amuletum.
  AMULE'TUM, from amoliri, <to r,m„   , *
Amulet  Periam'ma,  Apotrop^ W^
Phtjlacte'non,  Apoteles'ma,  Exarte'ma,AlZie7. 
.ii m u nua
AMYRIS COMMIPHORA
cum, Praservatlvum, Probasca'nium, Probascan'-
tium,  (F.) Atnulette.  Any image  or  substance
worn  about  the person for the purpose  of pre-
venting disease or danger.
  A.MUR'CA, Amur'ga, apopyv, from  apepyca, 'I '
press  out.'  The marc or grounds remaining after
olives have  been crushed and deprived of their
oil.  It has been used as an application to ulcers.
  AMURGA, Amurca.
  AMI.*;* A, Musa Paradisiaca.
  A'MYCE, Amycha, Amyx'is. Excoriation, Sca-
rification.
  AMYCHA, Amyce.
  AMYO'TICA,  from  apvaaia, 'I  lacerate.' Me-
dicines which stimulate and vellicate the skin.—
Ca?lius Aurelianus.
  AMY DOLE, Fecula.
  AMYDRIASIS, Mydriasis.
  AMYEL'IA, from  a,  privative, and pvcXos,
' marrow.'   A monstrous formation,  in which
there is an absence of  spinal marrow.
   AMYELONER'VIA; from a, privative, pvcXo;,
' marrow,' and vtvpov, ' nerve.'  Paralysis or de-
ficient action of the spinal marrow.
   AMYELOTROPH'IA, from a, privative, pvtXos,
'marrow,'   and rpo^ij, 'nourishment.'  Atrophy
of  the spinal marrow.
   AMYG'DALA, same  etymon   as  Amyctica;
because there  seem to be fissures in the shell.
The  Almond,  of which  there are two kinds;
Amyg'dala ama'ra  and A. dulces, (F.) Amundes
ameres, and A. donees, obtained  from twp varie-
ties of Amyg'dalus  communis or A. sati'ca, Al-
mond tree, (Old Eng.)  Amyllier, a  native of Bar-
bary.  Ord. Amygdalea;.  Sex. Syst.  Icusandria
Monogynia.
   The taste of Amygdala dulcis is soft and sweet;
 that  of A. amara, bitter.  Both yield, by expres-
 sion, a sweet, bland oil.   The bitter almond con-
 tains Prussic  acid.   They are  chiefly used for
 forming emulsions.
   Amyg'dal.e Pasta, Almond Paste, a cosmetic
 for softening the skin and preventing chaps, is
 made of bitter almonds, blanched, t^iv, white of
 one egg; rose water,  and rectified spirit, equal
 parts, or as much as is sufficient.
   Amyg'dal e Plackn'ta, Almond Cake, is the
 cake left after the  expression of the oil.   The
 ground  Almond  Cake, Almond Powder,  Farina
 Amygdala'rum, is used instead of  soap for wash-
 ing the  hands.
   Amygdala, Tonsil.   Also, a lobule or promi-
 nence of the cerebellum, so called from its resem-
 blance to an enlarged  tonsil. This and its fellow
 of the  opposite side form the lateral boundaries
 of the  anterior extremity of the valley,  and are
 in great part covered by the medulla oblongata.
 The  Amygdalae are seated on either  side of the
 uvula, in the fourth ventricle.
   AMYG'DALATOME, Amygdalat'omue, from
 apvyiaXri, ' tonsil,'  and  touv, ' incision ;' impro-
 perly Tonsillitome,— Tonsil-guillotine, (F.) Se'ca-
 teur  des Amygdalea.  An instrument  for surgery
 and  excising a portion of the tonsil.  See Kio-
 tome.
   AMVGDALATUM, Emulsio amygdalae.
   AMYG DALE, Tonsil.
   AMYG'DALIN, Amygdallnum, Amygdali'tta,
 Amyg'daline.  A principle  contained  in  bitter
 almonds,  which is prepared  by pressing  the
 bruised almonds between heated  plates to sepa-
 rate  the fat oil; boiling the residue in  alcohol;
 evaporating, and treating with ether, which pre-
 eipitates the amygdalin in a crystalline  powder.
 A  weak solution of it, under the  influence of a
 small quantity of emulsin or synatapse, which
 constitutes  the larger  portion of the  pulp of al-
 monds, yields  at once  oil of bitter almonds and
 hydrocyanic acid.
  AMYGDALITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris.
  AMYGDALUS, see Amygdala.
  Amygdalus Communis, see Amygdala.
  Amygdalus Per'sica, Per'siea vulga'ris.  The
common peach-tree, (F.) Pecher.  The leaves and
flowers have been considered laxative.  They are
bitter and aromatic,  and have been given in hae-
maturia, nephritis, Ac.  The fruit is one  of the
pleasant and  wholesome  summer  fruits,  when
ripe.   The kernels, Amyg'dala Per'sica, as well
as the flowers, contain prussic acid.
  Peach Brandy is distilled from the fruit, and
is much used in the  United States.
  AMYGMOS, Scarification.
  AMYL, Amylum.
  AMYLA'CEOUS, Amyla'ceua, (F.)  AmyhicS,
from  amylum, 'starch.'  Having the nature of,
or containing starch.  Starchy, starcb-like.
  Amylaceous Bodies, Corpora amylacea.
  AMYLE, HYDRATED OXIDE OF, Oil, fusel.
  AMYLENE, see Potato oil.
  AMYLEON, Amylum.
  AMYLI  IODIDUM,  Starch,  iodide  of—a.
loduretum, Starch, iodide of.
  AMYLLIER, see  Amygdala.
  AMYLOID  BODIES, Corpora amylacea.
  A'MYLUM,  A'midum,  Fec'ula, Amyleon,
Amylion, Am'ylon,  from  a, priv., and  pv\n,  'a
mill,' because made  without a mill.  Starch, (Old
Eng.) Amyl, (F.) Amidon, Amylon.   Starch  of
 Wheat, Farina, Trit'icifari'na, Amylum tritic"-
eum seu Trit'iei, Fec'ula Amyla'cea,  is inodorous
and insipid, white and friable.  It is insoluble in
cold  water  and alcohol, but forms  with boiling
water a strong, semi-transparent jelly.   It is de-
 mulcent, and is used as an emollient glyster, and
as the vehicle for opium, when given per anum.
 Starch is met with abundantly in all the cereal
grains, in the stalks of many of the palms,  in
some lichens, and in many tuberous roots, par-
ticularly in the bulbs of the orchis.
  Amylum  Americanum,  see  Arrow-root — a.
Cannaeeum, Tous-les-mois—a. Iodatum, Starch,
iodide of—a. Manihoticuui, see Jatropha manihot
—a. Marantaceum,  Arrow-root—a.  Palmaceum,
Sago—a. Querneum, Racahout.
  A'MYON, from a priv., and pvwv, 'a muscle,'
Emuscula'tus.  AVithout muscle.  Applied to the
limbs, when so extenuated that the  muscles can-
not be distinguished.
  AMYOSIS, Synezizis.
  AMYOSTHENI'A, (F.) AmyostUnie, from  o,
priv., itvuv, 'a  muscle,' and o&tvos, 'strength.'
Defect of muscular contraction.
  AMYOSTHENIE CYSTURIQUE,Paralysis
of the bladder.—Piorry.
  AMYRIS COMMIPHORA, see Bdellium.
  Am'vris Elemif'era, (a. intensive, and  pvpov,
 'an odoriferous ointment,' because it enters into
 the  composition of such.)  (F.) Balsamier  ou
 Baumier Elemiflre.  Ord. Terebinthaceae.  Sex.
 Syst. Octandria Monogynia.  The plant whence
 it has been supposed  Gum  El'emi  is obtained.
 This gum or resin is brought from  the Spanish
 East and West Indies.  Brazilian E/emi, accord-
 ing to Dr. Royle, is  produced by Icica Icicariba;
 Mexican Elemi, by Ela'phrium elemiferum ; and
 Manilla Elemi, by Cana'rium conimu'ne.   It is
 softish, transparent, of a pale whitish colour, in-
 clining a little to green, and of a strong, though
 not unpleasant smell.  It is only used in  oint-
 ments and plasters,  and is a digestive.
   Amyris Gileadensis, see A. opobalsamum.
   Am'yhis  Opobal'samum, (F.) Balsamier  ou
 Baumier de la Mecque, Bal'sem, Balsamum. The
 plant from which is obtained the  Balsam  op
 Mecca, Balsamum genui'num  antiquo'rum seu
1 Asiat'icum  seu Juda'icum  seu Syriacum sou c 
AMYRON                5«             ANESTHETIC
Mrccd  sen Alpi'ni, Balsamela'on,  JEgyptiacum \
Balsamum,  Coccobal samum,  Oleum Bal'sami, !
Opobal'samum, Xylobalsamum, Balsam  or Balm
of Gilead, (F.) Baume Blanc, B. de Constantino- |
pie blanc, B. de  Galaad, B. du Grand Caire, B. j
Vrai, Terebinthine de GiUad,  T. d'Egypte, T. du
Grand Kaire, T. de Judee.  A resinous juice ob-
tained by making incisions into Amyris opobal'-
samum and  A. Gileadensis of Linnaeus, Balsa-,
maden'dron  Gileaden'se of Kunth.  The juice of
the fruit  is called Carpobalsamum; that of the
wood and branches Xylobal samum.   It has the
general properties of the milder Terebinthinates.
  Amyris Tomentosum, Fagnra octandra.
  AMYRON, Carthamus tinctorius.
  A'MYUS, from a, privative, and pvs, 'amouse,
a muscle.'  Weak or  poor in muscle.
  AMYX'IA, from a, privative, and pvfr, 'mu-
cus.'  Deficiency of mucus.
  AMYXIS, Amyce, Scarification.
  ANA,  ava, a word which signifies 'of  each.'
It is used in prescriptions as well  as a and aa, its
abbreviations.   As a prefix to words, it means
'in,' 'through,' 'upwards,' 'above,'  in opposition
to cata; — also,  'repetition,' like the English re.
Hence,—
  ANAB'ASIS, from avaQaiva, 'I ascend.'   The
first period  of a disease, or that of increase.—
Galen.  See Augmentation.
  ANABEXIS, Expectoration.
  ANABLEP'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and (SXtitu,
' I see.'  Restoration to sight.
  ANABOLiE'ON, Auabole'us, from ava(3aXXo>, 'I
cast up.'  An ointment for extracting darts or
other extraneous bodies.
  ANAB'OLE, from ava, 'upwards,' and (taXXio,
' I  cast.'  Anago'ge,  Anaph'ora,   Anacine'ma,
Anacine' sis.  An evacuation  upwards.  An act
by which certain matters are  ejected by the
month.  In common acceptation  it includes, ex-
epuition, expectoration, regurgitation, and vomit-
ing.
   ANABROCHIS'MUS,  Anabron'chismus, from
ava, 'with,' and /Jpo^oj, 'a running knot.'   An
operation for removing the eye-lashes, for exam-
ple, when they irritate the eye,  by  means  of  a
hair knotted around  them.—Hippocrates, Galen, j

   ANABRONCHISMUS, Anabrochismus.
   ANABROSIS, Corrosion, Erosion.
   ANACAMPSEROS, Sedum telephium.
   ANACAR'DIUM  OCCIDENTA'LE, (ava and
 Kapita, ' heart,' from  the resemblance of the fruit
 to  a dried heart,) Acaju'ba occidenta'lis, Cnssn'-
 vium pomif'ernm, Cashew (W. Indies.)  (F.) Ac'-
 ajou.  Ord.  Terebinthaceae. Sex. Syst.  Ennean-
 dria Monogynia.  The Oil  of ihx  Cashew  Nut,
 O'leurn Anacar'dii,  (F.) Huile d'Acajou,  is an
 active caustic, and used as such  in the countries
 where it grows, especially for destroying warts,
 Ac.
   Anacardium Orientals, Avicenniatomentosa.
   ANACATHAR'SIS, from ava, 'upwards,' and
 icaSaipeiv, ' to purge.'  Purgation upwards.   Ex-
 pectoration.  See, alse, Repurgatio.
   Anacatharsis Catarrhalis Simplex,  Ca-
 tarrh.
   ANACATnARTICUS, Expectorant
   ANACESTOS, Incurable.
"   ANACHREMPSIS, Exspuition.
   ANACHRON, Soda.
   ANACINEMA, Anabole, Exspuition.
   ANACINESIS, Anabole, Exspuition.
   ANACLASIS, Repercussion.
   ANACLINTE'RIUM,  Anaulin'trum, Recubi-
  ANACOLLE'MA,  from ava, 'together,  and
koXXuu, ' I glue.'   A healing medicine.
  Anaooi.lkmata, Frontal bandages.
  ANACOLUP'PA.  A creeping plant ot Mala-
bar,'the juice  of which,  mixed  with powdered
pepper, passes in India  as a cure for epilepsy,
and as the only remedy for the bite of the naja
It is supposed  to be Zapa'nia nodiflo'ra.,
  ANACOLUTHIE, Incoherence.
  ANACOMIDE, Restauratio.
  ANACONCHYLIASMUS, Gargarism.
  ANACONCHYLISMUS, Gargarism.
  ANACTESIS, Restauratio.
  ANACTIRION, Artemisia.
  ANACYCLEON, Charlatan.
  ANACYCLUS  OFFICINARUM,  see Anthe-
mis Pyrethrum — a. Pyrethrum, Anthemis pyre-
thrum.
  ANADERMU.S, Fascia.
  ANADIPLO'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and iiirXou,
'I double.'  Epanadiplo'sis, Epanalep'sis, Iledu-
plica'tio.   The  redoubling  which  occurs in  a
paroxysm of an  intermittent, when its type is
double.—Galen,  Alexander of  Tralles.
  ANADORA, Ecdora.
  ANAD'OSIS,   from  avaltiatpt,-  'I give up.'
Purgation upwards, as by vomiting.  Congestion
of blood towards the upper parts of the body.
Anadosis seems also to have occasionaUy meant
chylification, whilst diadosis ruqant capillary nu-
trition,—Hippocrates, Galen.
  ANAD'ROME, from ava, 'upwards,' and ipepu,
' I run.'   The transport of a humour or pain frum
a lower to an upper part.—Hippocrates.  Also,
the globus hystericus.  See Angonc.
  ANiEDGE'US, from av, privative, and  atiota,
'organs  of generation.'   A  monster devoid  of
sexual organs.
  ANiEMATOPOE'SIS,  from  a, av, privative,
'aiua, 'blood,' and irouta, 'I make.'  Impeded or
obstructed haematosis.
  ANiEMATO'SIS, Anhamato'sis.  from  a, av,
privative, and 'aipa, 'blood.'  Defective haema-
tosis or preparation of the blood.  Anaemia.
  AN^E'MiA, Exa'mia, Ana'maais, Attha'mia,
Anhamato'sis, Polyanha'mia, Anamo'sis, Oliga'*
mia,  Oligoha'mia,  Hypa'mia, Hydroa'mia, Hy-
dra'mia,  Ane'mia, (F.) Animie, Anhimic, Anhe-
matosie,Polyanhemie,Hydrohemie, Exsangttin'ity,
Blood'lessness : from a, priv., and  'aipa, ' blood.'
Privation of blood;—the opposite to plethora.  It
is characterized by every sign of debility.   Also,
diminished quantity of fluids in the capillary ves-
sels :—the opposite to Hyperemia.—The essential
character of the blood in anaemia is diminution
in the ratio of red corpuscles.
   ANJS'MIC, Anem'ie,  Ana'micus; same ety-
mon.  Appertaining or relating to anaemia,—aa
an "anamic person."  See Exsanguious.
   ANiEMOCH'ROUS, from a, av, privative, 'aipa,
 'blood,' and xp°"y 'colour.'   Devoid of colour,
pale.
   AN^3M0SIS,  Anaemia.
   AN^EMOT'ROPIIY, Anamotroph'ia : from av,
 privative,  'aipa,  'blood,' and rpoipn,  'nourish-
 ment.'  A deficiency of sanguineous nourishment.
 —Prout.
   ANyEMYDRIA, Anhydraemia.
   AX^RSTHE'SIA, Anasthe'sis,  Insettsibil'itat,
 Analgesia, Parapsis expers, (F.) Anesthisie;
 from a, privative, and atoOavopai, ' I feel '  Pri-
! vation  of sensation, and especially of that  of
 touch according to some.  It may be general or
 partial, and is almost always symptomatic
   Anesthesia  Gustatoria, Ageustia__;'
to'Hum, from avaicXivo), 'I recline.'  A long chair ;i guae, Ageustia—a. Olfactoria' Anl&m\l—n*'nLl*~
or seat, so formed that the person can rest in a  Amaurosis.                     ^      uptie,
reclining posture.                            ,'   AN2ESTHESIS, Anaesthesia
  ANACLLNTRUM, Afiaclinterium.           L   AN^STHET'IC,  Ancsthet'ic, Anasthcf
icua, 
ANESTHETIZATION        57               ANAPNOE
(F.) Anesthisiqtie ; same etymon, as Anasthesia. j
Relating to privation of feeling, as an " anasthetic
agent;" one that prevents feeling.  The term is, |
now, almost restricted to  agents, which produce
such  effect by being  received into  the lungs in
the form of vapours  or gases, and  passing with
the blood to the nervous centres on which their
action is exerted.  Perhaps, as a general rule,
the intellectual faculties first feel their influence,
—a sort of intoxication supervening, with imper-
fect power of regulating  the  movements; the
sensory ganglia become afterwards or  simulta-
neously  affected,  sensation  and  motion  are
suspended,  and ultimately, if  the  quantity in-
haled be sufficient, the medulla oblongata has its
actions suspended or destroyed,respiration ceases,
and death is the consequence.   Different agents
have been  used as anaesthetics by way of inhala-
tion— sulphuric ether, chloroform, chloric ether,
compound ether, chlorohydric and  nitric ethers,
bisulphuret of carbon, chloride  of defiant gas,
benzin, aldehyde, light  coal-tar naphtha, Ac ;
but the first four are alone employed.  They have
been, and are,  greatly used in serious surgical
 operations, and  during parturition; and in such
cases, as well as in many diseases, especially of a
painful nature, produce the most beneficial results.
   ANvESTIIETIZA'TION, (F.) Anesthitisation;
same etymon.  The condition of the nervous sys-
tem induced by anaesthetics.
   ANAGAL'LIS, from ava, and yaXa,  'milk,'
from its power of coagulating milk.  A. arven'sis
A. Phoenic"ea, Red Pim'pcrnel, Scarlet Pimper-
nel, Shepherd's Sun-dial.  Nat. Ord. Primulaceae.
Sex.  Syst. Pentandria Monogynia.  (F.) Mouron
rouge.  A common European  plant; a reputed
antispasmodic and stomachic
   Another species—Anagallis caru'leais a mere
variety of  the above.
   Anagallis Aquatica, Veronica Beccabunga.
   ANAGARGALICTON, Gargarism.    .
   ANAGARGARISMUS, Gargarism.   .
   ANAGARGARISTON, Gargarism.
   ANAGLYPHE, Calamus scriptorius.
   ANAGNOSTAKIS, see Ophthalmoscope.
   ANAGOGE, Anabole, Rejection.
   ANAGRAPHE, Prescription.
  ANAG'YRIS,  Anag'yris fce'tida, Anag'yrus,
Ac'opon, Stinking Bean Trefoil.  (F.) Anagyre,
from avayu,' I lead upwards' [ ? ]. Native of Italy.
The leaves are powerfully purgative.  The juice
is said to be diuretic, and  the seeds emetic.—Di-
oscorides, Paulus.
  ANAGYRUS, Anagyris.
  ANAL, Ana'lis.   That  which refers  to tho
anus ;—as  Anal region, Ac.
  ANAL'DIA, (F.) Analdie; from a, av, priva-
tive, and aXiuv, ' to grow.'  Defective nutrition.
  ANALEMSIA, Analepsia.
  ANALENTIA, Analepsia.
  ANALEP'SIA,  Analep'sis, Analen'tia,  Ana-
lem'sia, from ava, 'fresh,' and Xapfiavtiv. (future
Xtppopai,) 'to take.'  Restoration to strength after
disease.—Galen.  A kind of sympathetic epilepsy,
originating from gastric disorder.  See Epilepsy.
  Also, the support given  to a fractured extre-
mity;—Appen'sio.—Hippocrates.
  ANALEPSIS, Convalescence, Restaura'tio.
  ANALEP'TICA, Anapsyc'tica, Psychol'ica,
Refectlva,  Refleien'tia, Restauran'tia,  Analep'-
tics, same  etymon.   Restorative medicines  or
food; such  as are adapted to recruit the strength
during convalescence; — as sago, salep, tapioca,
jelly, Ac.
  Analeptic Pills, James's, consist of James's
Powder, Gum  Ammoniacum, and  Pills of  Aloes
and Myrrh, equal parts, with Tincture  of Castor,
sufficient to form a mass.
j|  ANALGE'SIA, Analgia, from a, av, priv., and
 aXyof,  ' pain.'   Absence  of pain both in health
L and disease.  See Anaesthesia.
 i  ANALGIA," Analgesia.
 I  AN'ALOGUE, Anal'ogus; from ava,  'again,'
 i and Xoyo;, 'a description.'  A part in one orga-
 nized being which' has the same function as an-
 other part in another organized being.
 .  ANALOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues.
   ANALOSIS, Atrophy.
   ANALTESIS, Restauratio.
   ANALTHES, Incurable.
   ANAMIRTA COCCULUS, Memspermum coc-
 culus—a. Peniculata, Menispermum cocculus.
   ANAMNES'TIC,  Anamnes'licum,  from  ava;
 'again,' and pipvriaiao, 'I remember.'  A medi-
 cine for Improving the memory.  See, also, Com-
 memorative.
   ANANAS, Bromelia ananas—a. Aculeata, Bro-
 | melia  ananas—a. Americana,  Bromelia pinguin
 — a.  Ovata, Bromelia  ananas — Wild,  broad-
 leaved, Bromelia pinguin.
   ANANAZIP'TA.  A word formerly scrawled
 on  amulets to charm away disease.
   ANANDRI'A, from  a, av, privative, and  avnp,
 'a man.'  Want of manliness.  Impotence in tho
 male.   The state and act of emasculation.
   ANANEO'SIS, Renova'tio; from ava, 'again,'
 and veo;, 'new.'  Renovation or renewal,—as of
 the  blood by the chyliferous vessels and  lym-
 phatics.
   ANAPETI'A, Expan'sio mea'tuum, from ava,
 and trcTaw,  ' I  dilate.'   A  state opposite to the
 closure of vessels.—Galen.
   Al$A'PIIALA'XTI'ASIS,Anaphalanto'ma,fTom
 avacpaXavrias,' bald.'  Loss of the hair of the eye-
 brows.  Also, baldness in general.
   ANAPHALANTOMA, Anaphalantiasis.
   ANAPHE, Anaphia.
   ANAPH'IA, Anhaph'ia, An'aphe,  from a, av,
 priv., and 'aipy, ' touch.' Diminution or privation
 of the sense of touch.
   ANAPHLASMUS, Masturbation.
   ANAPHONE'SIS, from ava, 'high,' and <pwvn,
 'voice.'  Exercise  of the voice: vociferation: —
 the act of crying out.   Vocifera'tio, Clamor.
   ANAPHORA, Anabole.
   ANAPHRODIS'IA,  from a, priv., and A#o-
 itrt], 'Venus,' Defec'tus Ven'eris.  Absence of the
 venereal appetite.  Sometimes used for Impotence
 and Sterility.
   ANAPHRODTSIAC, Antaphrodisiac.
   ANAPHROMELI, Mel despumatum.
   ANAP'LASIS, Anaplasm'us, from avaitXacma,
 ' I restore.'  Confirma'tio, Reposl'tio.  Restora-
 tion.   Union or consolidation of a fractured bone.
 —Hippocrates.
   ANAPLASMATIC, Anaplastic.
   ANAPLASMUS, Anaplasis.
   ANAPLAS'TIC, Anaplas'ticus; same etymon.
 An epithet  applied to  the  art of restoring lost
 parts or the normal shape,—as 'Anaplastic  Sur-
 gery.'   See  Morioplastice.  Also an  agent, that
 increases the amount of plastic matter—fibrin—
 in the  blood ; Anaplasmat'ic.
   ANAPLERO'SIa^ from  avanXnpoto, (ava, and
 icXnpou,)  ' I  fill up.'  Repletion.  That part of
 surgical therapeutics whose  object is to  supply
 parts  that are wanting.   Also, Apposition  or
 Prosthesis.
   ANAPLEROTICUS, Incarnans.
   ANAPLEU'SIS, Fluetua'tio,  Innata'tio, from
 avairXeiv, (ava and trXtot), 'to swim above.'  The
 looseness or shaking of an exfoliated bone ; or of
 a  carious  or  other  tooth,  Ac.—Hippocrates
 Paulus.
   ANAPLOSIS, Growth.
   ANAPNEUSIS, Respiration.
   ANAPNOE, Respiration. 
ANAPXOENUSI            58               ANATOM1
  ANAPNOENU'SI,  from anapnog,  'respira-
tion,'  and vovoos,  disease.'  Diseases of the  re-
spiratory organs.
  ANAPNUMETER, Spirometer.
  AN A POD IMS  UTERI, Retroversio Uteri.
  ANAP0D1SMUS UTERI,  Retroversio Uteri.
  ANAP0DUP1IYLLUM  CANADENSE, Podo-
phyllum peltatum.
  ANAP'oSI.S, Am'posis, from ava, 'again,' and
roots,  • drink.'  A recession of humours from  the
circumference to the centre of the body.—Hippo-
crates.
  ANAPSE, Auartte.
  AN A PS i A, Caeeitas.
  ANAPSVCTICA, Analeptica.
  ANAPTYSIS, Expectoration.
  AXAPTYXIS,  Growth.
  ANARCOTINA, Narcotine.
  ANARRHEGNU'MINA, from avappvywpi, 'I
break out again.'  Fractures  are so called when
tney become disunited;  as well as ulcers  when
they break out afresh.
  ANARRIII'NON,  from ava, 'upwards,' and
ctv, ' the nose.'  That which returns by the nose.
—Gorraeus.
  According to others, that which issues by  the
skin ; from ava, and pivog, ' the skin.'
  ANARRHINUM,  Sternutatory.
  ANARRHGJ'A, Anar'rhoe,Anarrho'pia, Anas'-
tasis,  from ava, 'upwards,' and ptu>, 'I flow.  Af-
flux of fluid towards  the upper part of the body.
  ANARRHOPHE, Absorption.
  A N A R RII 0 P H E N U'S I, from anarrhophe,
'absorption,' and  vovoos, 'disease.'  Diseases of
die absorbents.
  ANARRIIOPHESIS, Absorption.
  ANARRUOPIA, Anarrhoea.
  ANAR'THRUS, from av, priv. and  apSpov, 'a
joint.'  Without a joint.   One who is so fat that
his joints are scarcely perceptible.—Hippocrates.
  ANASAR'CA,  from ava, ' through,' and ttapi,
aapKos,  ' the flesh.'   Anasarch'a,  Catasar'ca,
Aqua intercus seu inter cutem, Hyposar'ca, Hy-
drops  cellnla'ris  toti'us cor'poris, H.  Anasar-
ca seu inter'cue seu subcttta'neus seu cellulo'sus seu
cuta'neus seu tela cellulo'sa, Kalasar'ca, Episar-
eid'ium,  Hy'deros,  Hydaton'cus,  Hyderon'cus,
IIydron'cue, Hydrosar'ca, Hydroder'ma, Hydrop'-
isis vera, Sar'cites, Polylym'phia, Hyposarcid'ius,
Leucophlegma'tia, General dropsy, Dropsy of the
cellular membrane, (F.) Anasurque.  Commonly,
it begins to manifest itself  by swelling around the
ankles; and is  characterized  by tumefaction of
the limbs and of the soft parts covering the ab-
domen, thorax, and even the  face, with paleness
and dryness of the skin, and pitting when any
of these (especially the ankles) are pressed upon.
Like  dropsy in general, Anasarca may be  active
or passive ;  and its treatment must be regulated
by the rules that are applicable to general dropsy.
At times, the symptoms are of an acute character,
and  the  effusion sudden, constituting Derma-
toch'ysis,  Hydrops Anasar'ca acu'tus,  (Ede'ma
calidum, (E. acu'tum, 02. febrile of some.   See
Hydrops.
   Anasarca Hystericum,   Anatbymiasis — a.
Pulmonum  Hydropneumonia,  (Edema of  the
Lungs — a. Serosa, Phlegmatia dolens.
   ANASARCHA, Anasarca.
   ANASARQUE, Anasarca.
   ANAS1SMUS, Concussion.
   ANASPADIA, see Anaspadiaeus.
   ANASPA'DIAS, Epispa'dias, from  ava, 'up-
wards,' and azaut, ' I draw.'   One whose urethra
opens on the upper surface of the penis.
   ANASPADISIS, see Anaspadiaeus.
   ANASPADISMUS, see Anaspadiaeus.
   ANAS'PASIS, Anaspasm'us, from avaanaia, 'I
ftontract.'  Retrac'tio. Contraction, especially of
 the bowels.  The condition is called Anaspa'dia,
 Anaspad'isis, and Anaspadis'inus.—Hippocrates.
   ANASPASMUS, Anaspasis.
   ANASSA, Bromelia ananas.
   ANASTALTICA, Styptics.
   ANASTASIS, Anarrhoea.   Also,  restoration
 from sickness.  Convalescence.
   ANASTffiCHEIO'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and
 aroixetov,  'element.'  Reelementa'tio.   Resolu-
 tion of a body or its parts into their elements,—
 Galen.
   ANASTOMO'SIS, from ava, 'with,' and aropa,
 'a mouth.'   Inoscula'tio seu Reu'nio vaso'rutn,
 Exanastomo'sis,  Concur'sus,  (F.)  Abouchement.
 Communication between two  vessels.   By con-
 sidering the  nerves to be channels,  in  which a
 nervous fluid circulates, their communication like-
 wise has been called Anastomosis.  By means of
 anastomoses, if the course of a fluid be  arrested
 in one vessel, it can proceed along  others.
   Anastomosis Aneurismatica, Telangiectasia
 —a. Jacobson's, see Petrosal ganglion.
   ANASTOMOTIC, Anastomot'iciis, (F.) Anas-
 tomotique.   Same etymon as anastomosis.  Be-
 longing or relating to anastomosis.
   ANASTOMOT'ICS, Anastomot'ica.  Same ety-
 mon.  Certain medicines were formerly so called,
 which were believed to be capable of opening the
 mouths  of vessels, as asperients, diuretics, etc.
   ANASTOMOT'ICUS   MAGNUS  (RAMUS),
 (F.)  Artlre  collaterale interne, A.  collatirale du
 coude, is a branch of the brachial artery, which
 comes off a little above the elbow, and  bestows
 branches  to the brachialis internus, to the under
 edge of the triceps, and to the muscles, ligaments,
 etc, about the elbow joint.   See, also, Articular
 arteries of the knee.
   ANASTROPHE  UTERI, Inversio uteri.
   ANATASIS, Extension.
   ANATHEMA, Tabula votiva.
   ANATHERIUM  MURICATUM, Andropogon
 muricatus.
   ANATIIOMIA, Anatomy.
   ANATHYMIAMA, Anathymiasis.
   ANATHYMI'ASIS, Anathymiama, from ava,
 'upwards,'and 6vpa, 'fumigation.'   (Ede'ma fu-
 gax,  CEde'ma spas'ticum,  GZde'tna hyster'icum,
 Anasar'ca hyster'icum.  An uncertain and tran-
 sient  swelling or inflation, said to  have  been ob-
 served at times in  nervous  and hysterical per-
 sons.  It also means Exhalation, Fumigation, and
 Hypochondriasis.
   ANATOLE UNGUIUM, see Nail.
   ANATOME, Anatomy-—a. Animata,  Physio-
 logy-
   ANATOMIA, Anatomy—a. Animalis, Zootomy
 —a. Comparata, Zootomy—a. Comparativa,  Zo-
 otomy—a. Viva, Physiology.
   ANATOMIE, Anatomy—a. Chirurgkale, see
 Anatomy—a. des.Regions, see Anatomy.
   ANAT'OMISM, Anatomism'us.  Same etymon
 as Anatomy.  The  doctrine  of  those who look
 into the arrangement of parts, to explain all the
 phenomena of the organism.
   ANAT'OMIST, Anatom'icus.  One who occu-
 pies himself with anatomy.   One versed h, ana-
 tomy.
   ANAT'OMY,4„arW, Anatom'ia,A7iathom'ia,
 Prosectto, from ava,  and reuvctv,  'to cut,'  (F.)
 Anatomic The word Anatomy properly signifies
 dissection; but it has been  appropriated to the
 study and  knowledge  of the  number, shape,
 situation,  structure, and connection-in  a word
 of all the apparent properties of organized bodied
 Anatomy  is the science  of organization.  Some
 hayo given the term a still more  extended accep-
 tation, applying it to every mechanical decora.
! position, even of inorganic bodies. Thus Crva
„ tallography has  been termed the Anatomy ot 
a o
ANCUBITUS
crystallized  minerals.  Anatomy  has  also been I
called  Morphology, Somatology, Somatot'omy,
Organology, etc.  It assumes different  names,
according as the study is confined to one organ-
ized being,  or  to  a species or class  of  beings.
Thus, Androt'omy, or Anthropot'omy,  or Anthro-
pog'raphy,  or Anthropoaomalology, is the Ana- j
tomy of Man; Zootomy, that of the other species I
of the animal kingdom; and  Vet'erinary Anat'-
omy is  the  anatomy of  domestic animals:  but
■when the word  is used abstractly, it means  Hit-  j
man Anatomy,  and particularly  the  study of
the organs  in  a physiological or healthy state.
Physiolog"ical Anatomy is  occasionally  used to
signify the  kind of anatomy  which investigates
structure with  a special  view to function.   The
Anatomy of the diseased human  body is called
Pathuloifical or Morbid Anatomy, and when ap-
plied to Medical Jurisprudence,  Foren'sic Anat-
omy.  Several of the  organs  possessing a simi-
larity of structure, and being  formed of the same
 tissues,  they have been grouped into  Systems or
 Genera  of Organs; and the  study of, or acquaint-
 ance with,  such systems, has  been called General
 Anat'omy, Histology, or Morphot'omy, whilst the
 study of each organ in particular has been termed
 Descriptive Anatomy, Anthropomorphology.  His-
 tology is, however, more frequently  applied  to
 the Anatomy of the Tissues, which is called,  also,
 Tex'tu'ral and  Microscop'ic  Anatomy, Micrano-
 tom'ia, see  Histology.   Descriptive Anatomy has
 been divided into Skeletol'ogy, which comprises
 Osteology and Syndesmology; and irlto Sarcol-
 ogy, which is subdivided  into Myology, Neurol-
 ogy, Angiology, Adenol'ogy, Splanchnology, and
 Dermoloijy. Sur'gical Anat'omy,Medico-Chirurgi-
 cal Anat'omy, Topograph'ical Anat'omy, Re'gional
 Anat'omy, (F.) Anatomie Chirurgicale, A. des Re-
 gions, is the particular and relative study of the
 bones, muscles, nerves,  vessels,  etc., with which
 it is indispensable to be acquainted  before per-
 forming operations.  Comparative Anat'omy is
 the comparative study of each organ, with a view
 to an acquaintance with the  modifications of its
 structure in different  animals or in the different
 classes of animals.  Transcendent'al or Philosoph-
 ical Anatomy inquires into the mode,  plan, or
 model upon which the  animal frame or organs
 are formed; and Artifi'cial Anat'omy is the art
 of modelling and  representing, in wax  or other
 substance,  the different  organs or different parts
 of the human body, in the sound or diseased state.
 Phytot'omy is  the anatomy  of  vegetables, and
 Picto'rial  Anatomy, anatomy artistically illus-
 trated.
    Anatomy, see Skeleton—a. Artificial, see  Ana-
 tomy—a. Comparative, see Anatomy, Zootomy—
 a. Descriptive,  see Anatomy—a. Forensic, see
 Anatomy—a. General, see  Anatomy—a. Human,
  see Anatomy—a. of Man,  see Anatomy—a. Me-
  dico-Chirurgical, see  Anatomy—a. Microscopic,
  Bee Anatomy—a. Morbid, see Anatomy—a. Path-
  ological, see Anatomy—a. Pathological, micros-
  copic, see  Histology—a. Philosophical, see  Ana-
  tomy—a. Physiological,  see  Anatomy—a. Picto-
  rial, see Anatomy—a. Practical, see Dissection—
  a. Regional, see Anatomy—a. Surgical,  see Ana-
  tomy—a.  Textural, see  Anatomy—a. Topogra-
  phical,  see Anatomy — a. Transcendental, see
  Anatomy—a. Veterinary, see Anatomy.
    ANATON,  Soda.
    ANATREPSIS, Restauratio.
    ANATRESIS, Perforation, Trepanning.
    ANATRIBE, Friction.
    ANATRIPSIS, Friction.
    ANATRIPSOL'OGY, Anatripsolog"ia,  Ana-
  triptolog"ia, from avarpixpis,  'friction,' and  Xoyos,
  'a discourse.'  A  treatise on friction  as  a  re-
  medy.
  ANATRIPTOLOGIA, Anatripsology.
  ANATRON,_Natrum, Soda.
  ANAT'ROPE, from ava, 'upwards,' and rptrna,
'I turn.'   Subversion.   A  turning  or  subver-
sion  or inverted action of the stomach,  charac-
terized by nausea, vomiting, etc. — Galen.   We
still  speak of the stomach turning against any
thing.
  ANAUDIA, Catalepsy, Mutitas.
  AN'AXYRIS, Rumex acetosa.
  ANAZESIS, Ebullition.
  ANAZOTURIA, see Urine.
  ANCHA, Haunch.
  ANCHILOPS, .Egilops.
  ANCHONE, Angone.
  ANCHORALIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid.
  ANCHUSA ANGUSTIFOLIA, A.  Officinalis
--&. Incarnata, A. Officinalis—a. Lycopsoides, A.
Officinalis.
  Anchu'sa  Officinalis,  A. Angustifo'lia seu
Incarna'ta  seu  Lycopsoi'des, Alea'na,  Lingua
Boris, Buglos'sum aylvcs'tre,  Offic"inal or Garden
Al'kunet or Bugloss, (Old Eng) Langdebef; Ord.
Boragineae.   Sex. Syst.   Pentandria Monogynia.
(F.) Buglose.  A native  of  Great Britain.   The
herb was formerly esteemed as a cordial in me-
lancholia and  hypochondriasis; but it is now
rarely used.  It is also called Bvglos'sa,  Buglos'-
sum angustifo'lium majus, B. vulga're majus, B.
sativum.
   Anchu'sa Tincto'ria, Alcan'na spu'ria, Dyer's
Bugloss, Ane'bium,  Buglos'sum  Tincto'rum, Li-
thosper'mum villo'sum, Dyer's Alkanct,  (F.) Or-
canette.  A European plant.  The medical pro-
perties  are equivocal.  It is used to give a boau-
 tiful red colour to ointments.
   ANCHYLOSIS, Ankylosis.
   ANCISTRON, Hamulus.
   ANCLE, Astragalus, Malleolus.
   ANCLER, Malleolus.
   ANCLET, Malleolus.
   ANCLIFF, Malleolus.
   ANCLOWE, Malleolus.
   ANCOLIE, Aquilegia vulgaris.
   ANCON, Elbow, Olecranon.
   ANCONAD, see Anconal Aspect.
   ANCONAGRA, Pechyagra.
   ANCO'NAL,  from aytcwv, 'the elbow.'   Rela-
 ting, or appertaining to the elbow or the olecranon.
   Anconal Aspect.  An aspect towards the side
 on which the ancon or elbow is situated.—Bar-
 clay.  Anco'nad is used  by the same writer ad-
 verbially, to signify 'towards the anconal aspect.'
   ANCONE, Anconeus.
   ANCONE'US, from aytcuv, 'the elbow.' A term
 once applied to every muscle attached to the ole-
 cranon.  Winslow distinguished four—the great,
 external, internal, and small; the first three being
 portions of the same muscle, the triceps brachia-
 lis.  The last has, alone, retained the name.  It
 is the Aiicone'us minor of Winslow, the Ancone'ua
 seu Cubita'lis Riola'ni of Douglas,  the Epicon-
 dylo-Ciibita'lis of Chaussier, the Brevis Cu'biti,
 (F.) AnconS, and is situate at the upper and back
 part of the fore-arm.  It arises from the external
 condyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into
 the posterior edge of the upper  third of the ulna.
 Its use is to aid in the extension of the  fore-arm.
   Anconeus Externus,  see  Triceps  extensor
 cubiti—a. Internus, see Triceps extensor cubiti
 —a. Major, see Triceps extensor cubiti.
   ANCTE'RES.  Fibula  or  Clasps  by  which
 the lips of wounds were formerly kept together.
 —Celsus,  Galen.
   ANCTERIASMUS, Infibulation.
   ANCU'BITUS,  Petrifac'tio.   An  affection of
  the eye, in which there  is a sensation as if sand
  were irritating the organ. 
ANCUNNUENT.E           60       ANEMONE DES BOIS
  ANCUNNUEN'TiE.  A name formerly given
to menstruating females.
  ANCUS, Ankus, from aytatv, 'the elbow.' One
who cannot extend his arms completely.
  Also, the deformity resulting from a luxation
of the humerus or fore-arm.—Hippocrates.
  ANCYLE. Ankylosis.
  ANCYLOBLEPHARON, Ankyloblepharon.
  ANCYLOCHEILIA,  Ankylocheilia.
  ANCYLOCOLPUS, Colpatresia.
  ANCYLOCORE, Ankylocore.
  ANCYLODERE, Torticollis.
  ANCYLODERIS, Torticollis.
  ANCYLODONTIA, Ankylodontia.
  ANCYLOGLOSSIA,  Ankyloglossia.
  ANCYLOMELE. Ankylomele.
  ANCYLOMERISMUS, Ankylomerismus.
  ANCYLORRIIINIA, Ankylorrhinia.
  ANf'YLOSIS, Ankylosis.
  ANCYLOTIA, Ankylotia.
  ANCYLOTOMUS, Ankylotomus.
  ANCYRA  Hook.
  ANCYROID CAVITY, Digital cavity.-
  ANCYROIDES PROCESSUS, Coracoid.
  AND, Breath.
  ANDA.  Native name of a tree  of  Brazil—
Anda Gome'sii seu Brasilien'sis seu de  Pison,
Andassu,  Anda-acu,  Joanne'sia  princeps.   Ord.
Euphorbiaceae.  Sex. Syst. Monoecia  Monadel-
phia.  An oil—Oil of  Anda — is  obtained from
the seeds  by pressure, 50  to 60 drops of which
act as a  cathartic.   The  fruit is an oval  nut,
containing two seeds.  These have  the taste of
the chestnut; but are strongly cathartic, and
even  emetic.  The  shell  is astringent, and is
used as such in diarrhoea, etc.
  ANDE. Breath.
  ANDELY,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  An-
dely is in  France, near Gysore, and eight leagues
from Rouen.  The water is cold, and  a weak cha-
lybeate.   It is used  in chlorosis and abdominal
obstructions.
  ANDERSON'S PILLS, see  Pilulse  Aloes et
Jalapae.
  ANDTRA  IBAI, Geoffraea Vermifuga—a. In-
ermis, Geoffraea inermis—a. Racemosa,  Geoffraea
inermis—a.  Surinamensis, Geoffraea Surinamen-
sis.
  ANDRACHAHARA, Sempervivum tectorum.
  ANDRACHNE, Arbutus unedo, Portulaca.
  ANDRALOGOMELE, from avnp, avipos, 'a
man,' a, priv., Xoyos, 'reason,' and pnXov,  'a do-
mestic animal.'  A name given  by Malacarne to
a monster in which he  supposed the presence of
the body  of a man with the limbs of a brute.
   ANDRANATOM'IA,  Andranat'ome, Andro-
 tom'ia,  Androt'ome, Anthropot'omy, from  avtip,
 genitive avipos, 'a man,' and  rtpvttv,  'to cut.'
 The anatomy of man.
   ANDRI'A.  Adult age.  Manhood.
   Andri'a  Mu'lier, Mulier Hermaphrodit'ica.
 A female hermaphrodite.
   ANDROGEN'IA, from avnp, avipos,' a man,' and
 ytvtats, 'generation.'  The procreation  of males.
 —Hippocrates.
   ANDROG"YNUS, from avnp, avipos, 'a man,'
 and  ywn, 'a  woman.'  A hermaphrodite.  An
 effeminate person.—Hippocrates.
   ANDROLEPSIA, Conception.
   ANDROMANIA, Nymphomania.
   ANDROM'EDA  ARBO'REA, Sorrel  Tree,
  Sour  Tree,  Sour  Wood,  Elk  Tree,  Elk  Wood,
  Sorrel  Wood, Sour Leaf, (F.) Andromlde, Andro-
  midier.   A  small indigenous tree;  Ord. Erica-
  ceae, Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia; found in
  the Alleghany mountains and the hills and val-
  leys diverging from them, as far. as the southern
  limits of Georgia and Alabama; but  seldom north
  of Virginia.  The sour leaves are refrigerent and
astringent, and have been used  to make a kind
of lemonade, which has been given in fevers.
  Ardromeda  MARIA'NA,  Broad-leaved Moor-
wort,  Kill-lamb, Lamb Killer,  Staggrrbusti.  A
decoction of this American plant is  said to have
been successfully employed as a wash, in a dis-
agreeable affection—not uncommon  amongst the
slaves in the southern parts t>f the United States
—called the Toe Itch,  and Ground Itch.—Barton.
  Andromeda  Nit'ida,  Sourwood,  Sorrel  tree,
indigenous; has properties similar to  those  of
A. arborea.
  ANDROPOGON BICORNIS, Junctus odoratus
—a. Calamus aromaticus, see Oleum  graminis In-
dici—a. Citratus, Junctus odoratus—a. Citriodo-
rus, Junctus odoratus, Nardus Indica.
  Andropo'gon Murica'tus,  (avnp,  avipos,  'a
man,'  and  itcoyutv, 'a beard.')  A. squarro'sus,
Phalaris zizandi'des, Agros'tis verticilla'ta, Ana-
tjie'rum murica'tum, Vetive'ria  odora'ta, Vittie-
vayr,  Cuscus, Khus-Khus;  Nat. Ord. Gramineae.
The root of this plant, from Bombay, is aromatic
and bitterish.  It  is used as a  perfume.  It has
been used as an excitant  and diaphoretic*
  Andropogon Nardus, Calamus Alexandrinus,
Nardus Indica—a. Schoenanthus, Junctus odora-
tus—a. Squarrosus, A. Muricatus.
  ANDROSACE,  Umbilicus marinus—a. Mat-
thioli,  Umbilicus marinus.
  ANDROSiEMUM,  Hypericum perforatum.
  ANDROTOMY, Andranatomia.
  ANDRUM.  An East  India word,  latinized
by Kaempfer,  signifying  a kind of  elephantiasis
o'f the scrotum, endemic  in southern Asia.
   ANEANTISSEMENT (F.), Vir'ium cxtinc'-
tio.  This word is often employed hyperbolically,
by patients in France, to signify  excessive fatigue,
debility Or syncope.
   ANEBIUM, Anchusa  tinctoria.
   ANEBUS, Impuber.
   ANECPYE'TUS, from av, for avev, 'without,'
and nveio, 'I promote suppuration.'   That which
 does not suppurate, or is not likely to suppurate.
   ANEGER'TICA, from  aveyeipw (ava and cyciput),
 'I  awaken.'  The  art of resuscitating the appa-
 rently dead.
   ANEILE'MA, Aneile'sis, from avuXea (ava and
 etXcia),  'I roll up.'  Applied particularly to the
 motion of  air in the  intestines and the tormina
 accompanying it.—Hippocrates.
   ANEILESIS, Aneilema.
   ANEMIA, Anaemia.
   ANEMO'NE, Wind Flower: from avepos, 'the
 wind,' because it  does not open its flowers until
 blown upon by the wind.
   ANEMONE DES BOIS, Anemone nemorosa.
   Anemone Collina, A. Pulsatilla—a. Hepatica,
 Hepatica triloba—a. Intermedia, A. Pulsatilla.
   AnemoneLudoviciana, A. patens.
   Anemo'ne Nemoro'sa, Ranun'culus albus seu
 nemero'sus, Wood Anemo'ny, (F.)  Anfmone  dea
 bois.   Ord. Ranunculaceae.  The herb and flowers
 are poisonous, acrid, and corrosive.  They have
 been used as rubefacients.
   Anemo'ne Patens, A. Ludovicia'na, Pulsatil-
 la patens;  indigenous:  from Illinois  and Wis-
 consin to  the  Rocky Mountains, is supposed to
 possess similar properties.
   Anemo'ne Praten'sis, A. Sylves'tris, Pulsatil-
 la ni'gricana seu praten'sis.  This  plant has si-
 milar properties with the last   It  is also called
 Meadow Anemony, (F.)  Pulaatille  noire, P.  des
 pris.
   Anemo'ne Pulsatilla, A. Colli'na seu Inter-
 media  seu Praten'sis  seu Rubra,  Pulsatilla
 vulgaris, Herba ventia, Nola culina'ria, Pnggne
 flower, (F.) Coquelourde,  possesses like properties
   Anemone Rubra, A. Pratensis— a. Rue-leaved' 
ANEMONY               61               ANEURISM
Thalictrum anemonoides—a. Sylvestris, A. Pra-
tensis.
  ANEMONY, Anemone hepatica—a. Meadow,
Anemone pratensis—a. Wood, Anemone nemorosa.
  ANEMOS, Wind.
  ANENCEPHALIA, see Anencephalus.  .
  AN EXCEPHALOHJG'MIA, from av, privative,
ty^ccpaXos, ' encephalon,'and aipa, 'blood.'  De-
lect of blood in the brain.   Syncope.
  ANENCEPHALONEU'RIA,   Anencephalo-
ner'via, from  av, priv., cytcc<pahos, ' encephaloD,'
and  vevpov, 'nerve.'   Want of nervous action in
the encephalon.
  ANENCEPHALOTROPH'IA, from av, priva-
tive', tyKapaXos, ' the encephalon,' and rpotpri, 'nou-
rishment.'  Atrophy of the  encephalon.
  ANENCEPH'ALUS, from av, privative, and
cyKeif>aXos, 'brain.'  A monster devoid of brain.
—Bonetus, G. St Hilaire.   Also, one that has a
part only of the brain;—Paraceph'alue. The con-
dition has been called Anencephalia.  A weak,
silly person.—Hippocrates.
  ANENERGESIA, Debility.
  ANENERGIA, Debility.
.  ANENTERONERVIE  SATURNINE,  see
Palsy, lead.
  ANEPISCHESIS,  Incontinentia.
  ANEPITHYM'IA, from av, priv., and tmSvpta,
'desire.'  Many nosologists have used this word
for a loss of the appetites; as of those of hunger,
thirst, venery, Ac
  Anepithymia Chlorosis, Chlorosis*
  ANER, avnp, genitive avipos.   A man.
  ANERETHIS'IA,  Inirritabilitas,  from  av,
priv., and epedto-tg, ' irritability.' Defect of irrita-
bility.—Swediaur.
  ANER VISMIE, Paralysis.
  ANERYTIIROP'SIA, from av, priv., spv&pos,
'red,' and oipts, 'vision.' Defective vision, wnich
consists in an incapability of distinguishing red.
  ANESIS, Remission.
  ANESTHESIE, Anaesthesia.
  ANESTHESIE EXTATIQUE.  The aggre-
gate of phenomena of impaired feeling produced
especially by the manipulations of the animal
magnetiz er.—An dral.
  ANESTHETIC, Anaesthetic.
  ANESTHESIQUE, Ansesthetie.
  ANESTHETIZATION, Anesthetization.
  ANESON, Anethum.
  ANESUM,  Pimpinella anisum.
  ANET, Anethum.
  ANETH, Anethum graveolens.
  ANE'THUM, Ane'aon, Ane'ton, Ane'thum Fce-
nic'ulum  seu  Sege'tum seu Piperltum, Foenic'u-
lum, F. Dulce seu Officinale seu vulga're, Ligua'-
ticum fcenic1ultim, Fan'culum, Fennel or Finckle,
Mar'alhrtim, Anet, Sweet Fennel, (Prov.) Spingel,
 (F.) Fenouil ou Ania doux.  Ord. Umbelliferae.
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria  Digynia.  The fruit,  Fce-
fiic'ulurn (Ph.U. S.), has an aromatic odour, and
 warm, sweetish taste.  It is  carminative.  The oil
 —Oleum Fcenic'uli—is  officinal in the Ph. U. S.
 The" root is said to be pectoral and diuretic.
   Anethum Fceniculum, Anethum.
  Anethum Graveolens, Anethum, A. horten'ae,
 Paatina'ca Anethum seu Graveolene, Fer'ula Gra-
veolens, Dill, (F.) Aneth, Fenouil puant.   A  na-
 tive of the south of Europe.  The seeds are sti-
mulant and  carminative.   A distilled  water —
Aqua ane'thi, Dill-water—is officinal in the Lon-
don and Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeias.  Dose, gr.
xv to gj.
   Oleum Ane'thi, Oil of Dill, (F.) Huile d' Aneth,
possesses the carminative properties of the plant.
  Anethum Pastinaca, Pastinaca Sativa — a.
Piperitum, Anethum—a. Segetum, Anethum.
  ANEXICUS, Anodyne,
  ANETON, Anethum.
  ANETUS, Intermittent fever — a. Quartanns,
Quartan — a. Quotidianus, Quotidian — a. Tertia-
nus, Tertian fever.
  ANEURAL'GICON, from a, privative, vevpov,
'nerve,' and aXyos, 'pain.' A name given by Dr.
C. T. Downing to an instrument used by him to
allay pain in nerves.  It is a kind of fumigating
apparatus,  in. which dried narcotic and other
herbs are burnt, the heated vapour being directed
to any part of the body.
  ANEURIA, Paralysis.
  AN'EURISM, Aneurya'ma,Aneurys'mua, Aneu-
ris'ma, Cedma, from avevpvveiv, (ava, and cvpvvtiv,)
' to dilate  or  distend.'  Dilata'tio Arteria'rum,
Ecta'sia, Emborys'ma, Exangla  aneuris'ma, Ar-
terieurys'ma,  Artereurys'ma,  Hamatoce'le  arte-
rio'sa, Absces'sus spirituo'sus, Artericv'tasis,  (F.)
AnSvrysme, Aneurisme.  Properly, Aneurism sig-
nifies a tumour, produced by the dilatation of an
artery; but it has been extended to various lesions
of arteries, as  well as to dilatations of the heart.
  There are various kinds of aneurism.   The fol-
lowing are the chief:
  I. AVhen the blood, which forms the tumour, is
enclosed within  the dilated coats of the artery.
This is the true Aneurism, Aneurys'ma verum,
Hernia Arteria'rum, (F.) AnSvrysme vrai.
  II.  When  the blood has  escaped from the
opened artery, it is called spurious or false
Aneurism, Aneuris'ma spu'rium, Ruptu'ra Arte'-
ria, Arteriorrhex'is, Arteriodial'ysis, Ecchymo'-
ma arterio'sum, (F.) AnSvrysme faux.  The latter
is divided into three varieties:
  1. Diffused False Aneurism,  (F.) AnSvrysme
faux, primitif, diffus, noncirconscrit ou par  infil-
tration, which occurs immediately after the divi-
sion or rupture of an artery, and consists of an
extravasation  of  blood into the areolar  texture
of the part.
  2.  Circumscribed False Aneurism, (F.) AnSv-
rysme faux consScuttf circonscrit  ou par Spanche-
ment, enkystSou sacciforme, tumeur hSmorrhagiale
circonscrite, in which  the  blood  issues from the
vessel  some time after the receipt of the wound,
and forms itself a sac in the neighbouring areolar
membrane.
  3. An'eurism by Anastomo'sis,  Var'icose or Ctr-
coid An'eurism,  Phlebarteriodialysis, Aneurys'-
ma veno'so-arterio'sum, A. varico'sum, (F.) AnSv-
rysme par  anastomose ou variqueux, A. par Sro-
sion, A. de Pott, A. des plus petites artlres, which
arises from the simultaneous wounding of an ar-
tery and vein;— the arterial  blood passing  into
the vein, and producing a varicose state of it.
  III. Mixed Aneurism, (F.) AnSvrysme mixte, is
that which arises from the dilatation of one or two
of the coats, with division or rupture of the other.
Some authors  have made two varieties of this:
  1. Mixed external Aneurism, where the internal
and middle coats are ruptured, and the areolar is
dilated.
  2. Mixed internal Aneurism, in  which the inter-
nal coat is dilated, and  protrudes, like a hernial
sac, through the ruptured middle and outer coats.
This variety has been called Aneurys'ma Her'niam
Arte'ria sistens.
  Aneurisms have been termed traumat'ic or ex-
og"enous, and sponta'neous, according as they may
have been caused by a wound, or have originated
spontaneously. The latter, when  originating from
lesions of the inner coats of arteries, have  been
termed endog"enous.  They have also been di-
vided into internal and external.
  The internal aneurisms are situate in the great
splanchnic cavities, and occur in the heart and
great vessels of the chest, abdomen, Ac.  Their
diagnosis is difficult, and they are often  inacces-
sible to surgical  treatment. 
ANEURISMA
ANGEIOPLANIA
  The external aneurisms are situate at the exte-
rior of the head, neck, and limbs, and are dis-
tinctly pulsatory.
  Aneurisms,  especially the internal, may be
combated  by a debilitant treatment, on the plan
of Valsalva, which consists in repeated  blood-
letting, with food enough merely to support life.
In external aneurism, the artery can be  oblite-
rated.  This is usually done by applying  a liga-
ture above the aneurismal tumour.
  Aneurism. Dissecting, is one in which, owing
to rupture of the inner  and middle coats of an
artery, the blood makes  itself a channel between
these coats and the outer coat.
  In many cases, the lesion appears to consist in
a separation of the laminae of the middle coat,
between which the blood forms itself a channel.
  A>'kurisms  of the Heart,  Cardion'chi, Car-
dieurys'ma, (F.)  Anevrysmes du coeur, have been
divided into active and passive.   The former can
scarcely be  esteemed aneurisms, as they most
commonly consist of increased thickness of the
parietes of the heart, which diminishes its cavity
instead of increasing it.   The term Hypertrophy
of the heart  better indicates  their character.
Passive aneurism,  Cardiec'tasis, on the contrary,
is attended with  extenuation of the parietes of
the organ, and enlargement of the cavities. The
physical signs of dilatation of the heart are the
following:—The action of the heart is not visible,
and no impulse  is conveyed to  the  hand.  On
percussion, there is a loss  of  resonance  over a
larger surface than usual, but the dulness is much
less intense than that which accompanies  hyper-
trophy.   On auscultation, the action of the heart
is only slightly felt, and communicates at once
the impression of its diminished power.  The im-
pulse is feebler than usual. Both sounds are widely
transmitted over the thorax, and are not much
fainter at  a distance from their point of origin.
  Partial or true aneurism of the Heart—Cardi-
ec'tasis partia'lis, Aneurys'ma  consecuti'vum cor-
dis—is sometimes seen ;  rarely, however.
  The name Aneurism of the Valves of the Heart
has been given to pouch-like projections of the
valves into the auricles.
  Axp.urism by Anastomosis, see Aneurism —
a.  Brasdor's  operation  for,  see  Brasdor — a.
Circoid,  see  Aneurism — a.  Endogenous,  see
Aneurism, and   Endogenous — a.  Exogenous,
see  Aneurism, and  Exogenous — a.  External,
see  Aneurism — a.  False,  see  Aneurism — a.
False,  circumscribed, see Aneurism — a. False,
diffused, see Aneurism—a. Internal, see Aneurism
—a.  Mixed, see Aneurism—a. Mixed,  external,
see Aneurism—a. Mixed, internal,  see Aneurism
—a. Spontaneous, see Aneurism—a. Spurious, see
Aneurism—a. Traumatic, see Aneurism—a. True,
see Aneurism—a. Valsalva's method of treating,
see Aneurism—a. Varicose, see Aneurism.
  ANEURISMA, Aneurism.
  ANEUKIS'MAL, Aneurys'mal, Aneurismalic,
Aneurysmalicus, Aneurisma'lis.  That which be-
longs to Aneurism.
  Aneurismal Sac  or  Cyst, (F.) Sac ou Kyste
anSorysmal,  is a sort of pouch, formed  by  the
dilatation  of the coats of an artery, in which the
blood,  forming the aneurismal tumour, is con-
tained.
  ANEURISMATIC, Aneurismal.
  ANEURYSM, Aneurism.
  ANEURYSMA, Aneurism—a. Cordis activum,
Heart, hypertrophy of the — a. Herniam arteriae
sL-tens, see Aneurism—a. Spurium, see Aneurism
— a. Yaricosura, see Aneurism — a. Venoso-arte-
riosutn, see Aneurism—a. Verum, see Aneurism.
  AN EUR YSME, Aneurism.
  ANEURYSMUS, Aneurism, Dilatation.
  ANEYKIA, Paralysis.
  AXEVRYSME, Aneurism — a.  dr V.forte,
Aorteurysma—a. dc Pott, see Aneurism—a. dea
pluspetites Arteres, see Aneurism—a. Ctrconscrtt,
see Aneurism —a.  Digit*, see Anetrism—a. Ln-
kystS, see Aneurism —a. Faux, see  Aneurism —
a.  Faux consScutif, see Aneurism—a. Mixte, see
Aneurism— a. par Anastomose, see AncuriMii—a.
par Epanchement,  see Aneurism—a. par Erosion,
see Aneurism—a. par Infiltration, see Atieun.-m
—a.  Primitif,  see  Aneurism—a. Sacciforme, tee
Aneurism—a. Variqutux, see Aneurism—u. Vrai,
see Aneurism.
  ANEYS, see Pimpinella anisum.
  ANFION, Maslach.       „  ,
  ANFRACTUOSITES CEREBRALES, An-
fractuosities, cerebral — a. Ethmo'idales, see  An-
fractuosity.
  ANFRACTUOS'ITY, Anfrac'tus, Sulcus, from
am, 'around,'  andfrangere,fractiim, 'to break.'
A  groove or furrow. Used in anatomy to signify
sinuous depressions or  sulci, of greater or  less
depth, like those which separate the convolutions
of the brain from each other.  These
   Anfractuosities, Cerebral, Anfrac'tus Cer-
ebri, (F.)  AnfractuositSs Cerebrales, are always
narrow, and deeper at the upper surface of the
brain than at  its base; and  are lined by a pro-
longation  of the  pia mater.
   The Ethmoid  Cells  are, sometimes, called An-
fractuositSs ethmo'idales.
   ANFRACTUS,  Anfractuosity—a. Cerebri, An-
fractuositie*s, (cerebral.)
   ANGECTASIA, Angiectasis.
   ANGEIAL, Vascular.
   ANGEIECTASIA, Angiectasis.
   ANGEIECTASIS,  Angiectasis.
   ANGEIECTOMA, Angiectasis.
   ANGEIOG'RAPHY,  Angiography,  Angeio-
grnph'ia, from ayytiov, 'a vessel,' and ypaijin, 'a
description.'   The anatomy of the vessels.
   ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY,  Angiohydrog'-
raphy, Angeiondrog'raphy, Angeiohydrogra'phio,
Hydrangiograph'ia, from ayytiov, 'a vessel,' 'v$u>p,
'water,' and ypatym, 'I describe.'   A  treatise on
the lymphatics.
   ANGEIOHYDROT'OMY,  Angiohydrot'onty,
Angeiondrot'omy,  Angeiohydrotom'ia, Hydran-
giotom'ia, from ayytiov, ' a vessel,' 'viuip, ' water,'
and rc^vEiv, ' to cut.' Dissection of tho lymphatics.
   ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS, Angioleuci'tis, 'Angio-
lymphltis, Lymphange'V'tis, Lymphangitis, Lym-
jjhitngioi'tis, Hydrange'i'tis, Lymphltis, Lymplta-
ti'tis, Infiamma'tio vaso'rum lymphatico'rum, from
ayytiov,' a vessel,'  Xzvkos, ' white,' and itis, inflam-
mation. (F.) Inflammation des vaisseaux lympha-
tiques ou des tisstis blancs.  Inflauimation of the
lymphatics; lymphatic  or  scrofulous inflamma-
tion.
   ANGEIOL'OGY,  Angiology,  Angeiolog"'ia,
from ayytiov, 'a vessel,' and  Xoyos, 'a discourse.'
A  discourse on the vessels.   The anatomy of the
vessels.   It includes Arteriology, Phlebology,
and Angeiohydrology.
   ANGEIOMALA'CIA,  Angiomala'cia,  from
ayytiov, ' a vessel,' and paXatcta,  ' softening.' Mol-
lescenqe or softening of vessels.
   ANGEIOMYCES, Haematodes fungus
   ANGEION, Vessel.                 '
   ANGEIONDROGRAPHY,  Angeiohydrogra-
phy-
   ANGEIONDROTOMY, Angciohydrotomv
   ANGEIONOSUS, Angeiopathia.
   ANGEIONUSUS, Angeiopathia
   ANGEIOPATHI'A,  Angiopathla,  Anaeion'-
osus,  Angetonu'sus, Angio'sis, from ayytiov  ' a
vessel,' and xaBos, 'a disease.'  Disease of the
vessels.
   ANGEIOPLA'NIA,An^0i,?a'ma,fromam,OV) 
ANGEIOPLERCSIS          63                  ANGINA
'a vessel,' and  icXavri, 'error.'  Anomaly in  the
structure and distribution of vessels.
  ANGEIOPLEROSIS, Plethora.
  ANGEIOPYRA, Synocha.
  ANGEIORRHAGIA, Haemorrhagia activa.
  ANGEIORRH03'A,  Augiorrhce'a, (F.)  An-
geiorrhSe; from ayytiov, 'a  vessel,'  and pea, 'I
flow.'  Passive hemorrhage.
  ANGEIOSIS, Angiosis.
  ANGEIOSTEGNOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
  ANGEIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
  ANGEIOSTEO'SIS,  Angiosto'sis from ayytiov,
'a vessel,'and ootiwois, 'ossification.'  Ossifica-
tion of vessels.
   ANGEIOSTROPHE, *ee Torsion.
   ANGEIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia.
   ANGEIOT'OMY,  Angiot'omy, Angeiotom'ia,
from  ayytiov,  ' a  vessel,'  and rtpvttv,  ' to  cut.'
Dissection of vessels.
   ANGEI'TIS, Angiitis, Angioi'tis,  Inflamma'-
tio vaso'rum, (F.) AngSite, from ayytiov, 'a vessel,'
 and ids, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
 of vessels in general.
   ANGEL-BREAD.  A kind of purgative cake,
 formerly made of spurge,  ginger, flour and oat-
 meal.—Halliwell.
   ANGELIC ROOT, Angelica lucida.
   ANGEL'ICA,  Angelica  Archangel ica   seu
 Hixpa'na seu  Sati'va,  Archangel ica officina'lis,
 Garden Angelica,  (F.) AngSlique, Racine de Saint
 Esprit.   So called from its supposed angelic vir-
 tues.  Ord. Umbelliferae.   Sex. Syst. Pentandria
 Digynia.  Native of Lapland.   The roots, stalk,
 leaves, and seed,  are aromatic and  carminative.
 A  sweetmeat  is  made of  the  root,  which is
 agreeable.
   Angelica Archangelica, Angelica.
   Angelica   Atropcrpu'rea,  Angelica  (Ph.
 U. S.), Masterwort. An indigenous species, grow-
 ing over the whole United States, and admitted
 into the secondary list  of  the Pharmacopoeia of
 the United States.  Virtues, same  as those  of
 the Angelica of Europe.
   Angelica Levisticum, Ligusticum levisticum.
   Angelica  Lu'cida,  Angelic  root, Bellyache
 root, Nendo, White root, an indigenous plant, the
 root  of which is bitterish, subacrid,  fragrant,
 aromatic, stomachic, and tonic.  Also, Ligusticum
 actaeifolium.
   Angelica Nendo, Ligusticum actaeifolium.
   Angelica Officinalis,  Imperatoria—a. Palu-
 dapifolia, Ligusticum levisticum—a. Sativa, An-
 gelica, A. sylvestris.
   Angelica  Sylves'tris, A. sati'va, Sellnum
 Sylves'tre seu Angelica seu Pubes'cens, Impera-
 to'ria Sylves'tris  seu Angelica,  Wild Angelica,
 (F.) AngSlique sauvage.   Possesses  similar pro-
 perties to the last, but in an inferior degree.  The
 seeds, powdered and put  into the hair, are  used
 to destroy lice.  Also,  Ligusticum podagraria.
    Angelica Tree, Aralia spinosa.
    ANGELFN^E   CORTEX.   The  bark  of  a
 Grenada tree, which has  been recommended as
 anthelmintic and cathartic.
    ANGELIQUE, Angelica—a. Sauvage, Angel-
 ica sylvestris.
    ANGELOCACOS, Myrobalanus.
    ANGEMPHRAXIS, Angiemphraxis.
    ANGIAIRHYDRIE,  Asphyxia  by  submer-
 sion.          ,
    ANGIARIIEMIE, Haemoptysis.
    ANGIARRHAGIE, Haemoptysis.
    ANG1BROMELMINTHIE,  Worms  (intes-
 tinal).
    ANGICIIOLOLITHE,  Calculi, biliary.
    ANGIDIECTASIA, Trichangiectasia.
    ANGIDIOSPONGUS, Haematodes fungus.
  ANGIECTASIA YENOSA, Varix.
  ANGIECTASIS,  Angeiecta'sia,  An'y eta'sia,
Angieurys'ma, Aiigeiecto'nia, Angiodias'tusis, from
ayytiov, 'a vessel,' and ticraais, ' dilatation.'Dila-
tation  of vessels. — Griife  and  Alibert.   See
Telangiectasia.                        -
  ANGIEMPIIRAX'IS, Angemphrax'is, Angei-
osteno'sis, Angeiostegno'sis, from ayytiov, 'a ves-
sel,' and tp<ppai,ts, ' obstruction.'  Obstruction  of
vessels.
  ANGIEURYSMA, Angiectasis.
  ANGI1TE, Inflammation, Angeitis.
  ANGIITIS, Angeitis.
  ANGI*NA, Febris Angitto'sa, Isthmitis, Quin-
sy  or Sore  Throat;  from angere, 'to choke.'
Inflammation of the supra-diaphragmatic portion
of the alimentary canal, and of the air passages.
The Latin writers applied the term to every dis-
ease in which  deglutition or respiration, sepa-
rately or united, was affected, provided that such
affection was above the stomach  and lungs.—
Boerhaave speaks of the angina of the moribund,
which is nothing more than  the  dysphagia or
difficult deglutition  preceding death.   See  Cy-
nanche.
   Angina Aphthosa, Aphthae—a.  Aquosa, Oede-
ma of the glottis—a. Bronchialis, Bronchitis—a.
 Canina, Cynanehe tracheajis—a. Cordis, Angina
pectoris—a. cum Tumore, Cynanehe tonsillaris—
a.  Epidemica, Cynanehe maligna—a.  Epiglot-
tidea, Epiglottitis—a. Erysipelatosa, Erythranche
a. Exsudatoria,Cynanehe trachealis—a. Externa,
 Cynanehe parotidaea—a. Faucium, Isthmitis—a,
Faucium Maligna, Cynanehe  maligna—a. Folli-
 culosa of the pharynx, Pharyngitis, follicular—
a.  Gangraenosa, Cynanehe maligna—a. Humida,
 Cynanehe trachealis—a. Inflammatoria,  Cynan-
 ehe,  Cynanehe  trachealis—a. Laryngea, Laryn-
 gitis—a. Laryngea  (Edematosa,  GSdema  of  the
 glottis—a. Linguaria, Glossitis—a. Maligna, An-
gina pellicularis, Cynanehe maligna, Pharyngitis.
 diphtheritic—a. Maxillaris, Cynanehe parotidaea
— a. Membranacea,  Cynanehe  trachealis — a.
 Mitis, Isthmitis.
   Angi'na Nasa'lis, Nasltis posti'ca.  An  in-
 flammation of the posterior portion of the Schnei-
 derian membrane lining the nose.   Also, Coryza.
   Angi'na  OEdemato'sa,  (F.) Angine osdSma-
 tettse, CEdlme de la Glotte.  An oodematous swell-
 ing of the glottis, the effect of chronic cynanehe
 laryngea.   See  (Edema of the Glottis.
   Angina Palatina, Hyperoitis—a.  Paralytica,
 Pharyngoplegia—a. Parotidaea Externa, Cynan-
 ehe parotidaea.
   Angi'na   Pec'toris,  A.  cordis, Sternalgia,
 Asthma spastico-arthrit'icum incon'stans, Asthma
 diaphragmat'icum,  Arthritis diaphragm at tea,
 Orthopnoe'a  cardlaca, Sternodyn'ia  syncop'tica
 et  pal'pitans, S. syncopa'lis, Cardiog'mus cordia
 sinis'tri, Asthenia pectora'lia, Angor pec'toris,
 Stenocar'dia, Diaphragmat'ic gout, Asthma con-
 vulslvum, Asthma arthriticum, Cardioneural'gia,
 Neuralgia   brachiothorac"ica,   Hyperasthe'sia,
 plexus cardi'aci, A. dolorif'icum,  Syncope angi-
 no'sa seu artgens, Cardiod'yne spasmod'iea inter.
 mit'tens, Pnigopho'bia,  Prunella,  Sttspir'ium
 cardi'acum,  Pneumonalgia,  Suffocative Breast-
 pang,  (F.) Angine de Poitrine, NSvrose du Coeur.
 A  disease, the precise patho%gy of which is  not
 known.  The  principal symptoms are,  violent
 pain about the sternum, extending towards  the
 arms,  anxiety,  dyspnoea, and sense  of suffoca-
 tion.   It is  an  affection of great  danger, and  is
 often connected with ossification, or other morbid
 condition of the heart.  It appears  to be neuropa-
 thic, and has been termed Neuralgia of the Heart.
 Some, however, employ  this last term  for an
 acutely painful intermittent affection of the heart,
 which seem* to differ from angina pectoris more 
ANGINE GUTTURALE      64
ANGONE
in regard to the small number of parts which are
drawn into morbid consent with the affected car-
diac nerves, than  in regard either to its nature
or appropriate  treatment.  The  most powerful
stimulating and narcotic antispasmodics  are re-
quired during the paroxysm.
  Angi'na Pellicula'ris, A. malig'na, Dipthe-
ri'tis of the throat.  A name given to those in-
flammations about the  throat, in which exuda-
tions or false membranes are thrown out during
the phlogosis of the mucous membranes. Aphtha,
Tracheitis, when accompanied with the meinbra-
niform exudation, are,  with some, examples of
diphtheritic inflammation.           %
  Angina Perniciosa, Cynanehe trachealis—a.
Pestilentialis, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic—a.  Poly-
posa, Cynanehe trachealis—a. Polyposaseu Mein-
branacea, Cynanehe trachealis—a. Pseudo-mem-
branosa, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic — a. Pulposa,
Cynanehe trachealis — a.  Sanguinea,  Cynanehe
tonsillaris.
  Angina Sicca,  (F.) Angine Seche, is a chronic
inflammation of the pharynx, with a distressing
sense of dryness and heat, in chronic diseases  of
the stomach and lungs.   See Paeuanchone.
  Angina Simplex, Isthmitis.
  Angina  Squirro'sa, (F.) Angine squirreuse,
oonsists  in  difficulty of  deglutition, caused  by
scirrhous disorganization  of the pharynx or oeso-
phagus, or by enlarged tonsils.
  Angina  Strangulators, Cynanehe trache-
alis—a. Strepitosa, Cynanehe trachealis—a. Suf-
focatoria, Cynanehe trachealis—a.  Synochalis,
Cynanehe tonsillaris—a.  Thyreoidea,  Thyreoitis
— a. Tonsillaris,  Cynanehe  tonsillaris—a. Tra-
chealis, Cynanehe trachealis — a. Ulcerosa, Cy-
nanehe maligna — a.  Uvularis, Staphyledema,
Uvulitis — a.  Vera et  Legitima,  Cynanehe ton-
sillaris.
   ANGINE  GUTTURALE, Cynanehe tonsil-
laris— a. LaryngSe, Laryngitis—a. Larynglc  et
 trachSale, Cynanehe trachealis—a. LaryngSe oedS-
mateuse, (Edema of the glottis—a. GEsophagienne,
 Oesophagitis—a. PharyngSe, Cynanehe parotidaea
 —a. de Poitrine, Angina pectoris—a. Slche, An-
 gina sicca—a. Simple, Isthmitis—a. Squirreuse,
 Angina Squirrosa—o. Tonsillaire, Cynanehe ton-
 sillaris.
   ANGINEUX, Anginose.
   ANGINO'SE,  Angino'sus, (F.) Angineux. Re
 kating  or appertaining to angina; as Scarlatina
  ungino'sa.
   ANGIOCARDI'TIS, from ayytiov, 'a vessel,'
 *nd carditis, ' inflammation of the  heart.'  In-
 flammation of the heart  and great vessels.
   ANGIODIASTASIS, Angiectasis.
   ANGIOGRAPHY, Angeiography.
   ANGIOHEMIE, Hyperemia.
   ANGIOHYDROGRAPHY,  Angeiohydrogra-
  phy.
   ANGIOHYDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy.
    AXGIOrnS,  Angeitis.
    ANGIOLEUCITIS, Angeioleucitis.
    ANGIOLOGY, Angeiology.
    ANGIOLYMPFIITIS, Angeioleucitis.
    ANGIOMALACIA, Angeiomalacia.
    ANGIOMYCES, Haematodes fungus.
    ANGIONOSUS, Angeiopathia.
    ANGIONUSUS, Angeiopathia.
    ANGIOPATHIA, Angeiopathia.
    ANGIOPLANIA, Angeioplania.
    ANGIOPLEROSIS, Plethora.
    ANGIOPYRA, Synocha.
    ANGIORRHAGIA, Haemorrhagia activa.
    ANGI0RRH03A, Angeiorrhoea.
    ANGIOSI>. Angiopathia.
    ANGIOSTEGNOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
    ANGIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
    ANGIOSTOSIS, Angeiostosis.
  ANGIOSTROPHE, see Torsion.
  ANGIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia.
  ANGIOTEN'IC,  Angeioten'ic,  Angtotenicua
seu Atiqeioten'icus, from ayytiov, 'a vessel,'and
te.vc.v, 'to extend.'   An epithet given to inflam-
matory fever, owing to its  action seeming to  be
chiefly exerted on the vascular system-
  ANGIOTOMY, Angciotomy.
  ANGLE,  An'gulus,  from aytcvXos,  'a hook.
The space between two lines  which  meet in a
point.         .
  Angle, Fa'cial, pointed out by Camper, is
formed by the union of two lines, one of which
is drawn from the most prominent part of the
forehead to the alveolar edge  of the upper jaw,
opposite the incisor teeth—the facial line—and
the other from the meatus auditorius externus to
the same point  of the jaw.  According to the
size of the angle it has been attempted to appre-
ciate the respective  proportions of the cranium
and face, and, to a certain extent, the degree  of
intelligence of individuals and of animals.'   In
the white varieties of the species, this angle ia
generally 80°; in  the negro not more than 70°,
and sometimes  only 65°.  As we descend the
scale of animals, the angle becomes less and less;
until, in fishes, it  nearly or entirely disappears.
Animals which  have the  snout long, and facial
angle small, such as the snipe, crane, stork, <£c,
are  proverbially foolish,  at least  they are  so
esteemed; whilst intelligence is ascribed to those
in which the angle is more largely developed, as
the elephant and the owl.  In  these last animals,
however, the large facial angle is caused by the
 size of the frontal sinuses:—so that this mode of
 appreciating the size of the brain is very inexact,
 and cannot be depended upon.
   The following is a table of the  angle in man
 and certain animals:

               1ACIAL ANGLES.
   Man..............,...............from 68° to 88° and more.
   Sapajou.................... .........................     65
   Orang-Utang......................................... 56 to 58
   Guenon ............................,...................     57
   Mandrill................... .........................30 to 42
   Ooati...................................................     28
   Pole-Cat ..............................,.....,..........     31
   Pug-Dog..............................,................     35
   Mastiff................................................     41
   Hare...................................................     30
   Ram......................................................     30
   Horse....................................................     23

   Angle, Occipital,  op  Daubenton, Ig formed
 by a line drawn from the posterior margin of <he
 foramen magnum to the  inferior  margin of the
 orbit, and  another  drawn  from the top of  the
 head to the space between the occipital condyles.
 In man, these condyles, as well as  the  foramen
 magnum, are so situate,  that a line drawn per-
 pendicular  to them would be a continuation of
 the spine;  but  in animals they are  placed more
 or less obliquely; and the perpendicular is ne-
 cessarily thrown farther forward, and the angle
 rendered more acute.
    Angle, Optic, (F.) Angle optique, is the angle
 formed by two lines, which shave the extremitieb
  of an object, and meet at the  centre of the pupil.
    ANGNAIL,  Hangnail.                 P P
    ANGOISSE, Angor.
    ANGOLAM   A  very tall Malabar tree, which
  possesses vermifuge properties.
    AN'GONE, properly An'chone, from ayvu>, 'T
  choke.   Anad'rome Hysterapopnix'is, Hiis'tero-
  pnix, Prafocatto  Fau'cittm  seu  Uteri',ia se.>
  Matn'cis, Strangula'tto uteri'na, Suffoca'tio nf-
 
ANGOtt                 t>£>                 ANIMAL
in l.ysterioal females, and is accompanied with a
sensation as if a ball arose from the abdomen to
the thrs-.it.
  ANGOR, Anguish,  (F.) Angoisse.   Extreme
anxiety,  accompanied  with  painful constriction
at  the epigastrium, and often with palpitation
nnd oppression.  It is frequently an unfavour-
able symptom.
  Angor, Agony, Orthopnoea—a. Faucium, Isth-
mitis—a. Pectoris, Angina pectoris.
  ANGOS, Bubo, Uterus, Vessel.
  ANGOSTURE VRAIE, Cusparia febrifuga.
  ANGOURION, Cucumis sativus.
  ANGUIS, Serpent.
  ANGUISH, Angor.
  Anguish, Febrile, Angor Febrllis, The com-
bination  of weariness,  pain, anxiety, and weak-
ness affecting the head and neck, which is so ge-
nerally observed at the commencement of fever.
  ANGULAIRE DE  L'OMOPLATE, Levator
scapula1.
  AN'GULAR,  Angula'ris, from  angulus,  'an
angle,' (F.)  Angulaire.  That which relates to
an  angle.
   Angular Artery and Vein.  A name given,
1.  to the termination  of  the  facial artery  and
vein, because they pass by the greater angle of
the eye; and,  2.  to the facial  artery and vein
themselves, because they pass under the angle
of  the jaw.  See Facial.
  Angular  Nerve is a filament furnished  by
the inferior  maxillary, which passes near the
greater angle of the eye.
  Angular  Processes of the frontal bone are
seated near the angles  of the eyes.  See Orbitar.
  ANGULARIS, Levator scapulae.
  ANGULI-SCAPULO-HUMERAL,  Teres
major.
  ANGULUS COSTiE, see Costa —a. Ocularis,
Canthus.
  ANGURIA, Cucurbita citrullus.
   ANGUSTATIO, Arctatio—a. Cordis, Systole—
a. Intestini recti vel Ani, Stricture  of the rectum.
  ANGUS'TIA, Angusta'tio, Stenocho'ria. Anx-
iety, narrowness, strait, constriction.
  Angustia  Abdominalis, Pelvis, (Brim) — a.
Perinaealis, Pelvis,  (Outlet.)
  ANGUSTURA, Cusparia febrifuga—a. False,
Brucea antidysenterica, and Strychnos nux  vo-
mica— a. Spuria,  Brucea  antidysenterica, and
Strychnos.
  ANGUSTURE, FAUSSE,  Brucea antidysen-
terica — a. Ferrugineuse, Brucea antidysenterica
—a. Vraie, Cusparia febrifuga.
  ANGUSTURINE, Brucine.
  ANH/EMATOSIA, Asphyxia, Anaemia.
  ANH^EMIA, Anaemia.
  ANHAPHIA, Anaphia.
  ANHELA'TIO, from anhelo, 'I pant.'  An-
hel'itus,  Aas'mus, Panting, Gasping, Anhelation,
(Sc.) Hech,  Hegh,  (Prov.)  Gi*n, Kawing, Peek-
ing, (F.)  Essoufflement.  Short and rapid  breath-
ing,  See Dyspnoea.
  Anhelatio  is  sometimes  employed synony-
uiouslv with  asthma.
  ANHELITUS, Breath.
  ANHEMATOSIE, Anaemia, Asphyxia.
  AN HEM IE, Anaemia.
  ANHIS'TOUS, from  a, av, privative, and 'taros,
' organic  texture,' 'Anorganic'   Amor'phus.  The
tunica decidua  uteri is termed by Velpeau  the
anhistotts membrane.
  ANHUIBA, Laurus  sassafras.
  ANHYDRiE'MIA, Anamyd'ria, from av, pri-
vative, 'viiap, 'water,' and 'aipa, 'blood.'   A con-
dition of  the blood in which there is a diminution
in the quantity of the serum.
  ANllYDROMYEL'IA, from av, priv., 'vUp,\
'water,'  and pvtXos,  'marrow.'   Deficiency or
absence,  in the spinal cavity, of the cephalo-spi-
nal fluid.
  ANICE'TON, Anice'tum,  Mesia'mum, from a,
privative, and  \tKr„  'victory,' 'invincible.'  A
plaster much extolled by the  ancients in cases
of achores.  It was formed  of litharge, cerusse,
thus, alum, turpentine, white pepper, and oil.
  ANI'DEUS,  from av, privative,  and tilos,
' shape.'  Amorphus.  A monster devoid of shape.
—J. G. St. Hilaire.
  ANIDRO'SIS,  from a, privative, and 'tiputs,
'sweat.'   Sudo'ris  nullitas  vel priva'tio.    Ab-
sence of sweat.  Deficiency of  perspiration. —
Hippocrates.
  ANILEMA, Borborygmus, Tormina.
  ANILESIS, Borborygmus, Tormina.
  ANILITAS, see Dementia,
  AN'IMA, An'iinus, Mens,  Psyche.   The mind,
breath, <fcc, from at'tpos, 'wind or breath.'   (F.)
Ame.  The principle of the intellectual and moral
manifestations.  Also, the principle of life — the
life of plants being termed  An'ima vegetati'va,
(F.) Ame vSgStative ;  that of man, An'ima sensi-
tlva, (F.) Ame sensitive.
  The Anima of Stahl, An'ima Stahlia'na, was a
fancied intelligent principle, which he supposed
to preside over the phenomena of life,—like the
Archaus of Van Helmont.
  Under the term Anima mttndi, the ancient  phi-
losophers meant  a  universal Spirit, which  they
supposed spread over  every  part of the   uni-
verse.
  The precise seat  of the mind in the brain has
given  rise to many speculations.  The point is
unsettled.
  With the ancient chemists,  Anima  meant the
active  principle of a  drug  separated by some
chemical management.
  Anima Aloes : see Aloes  Succotorina—a. Ar-
ticujorum, Hermodactylus—a. Hepatis, Ferri sul-
phas— a. Puluionuin, Crocus — a. Rhei, Infusum
rhei — a. Stahliana, see Anima — a. Vegetativa,
Plastic force.
  AN'IMAL,  Zobn.  A name given  to  every
animated being.  Most animals have  the power
of  locomotion;  some can merely execute par-
tial movements,  such as  contraction  and  dila-
tation.   In  other respects it is  often a matter
of  difficulty to  determine  what is an animal
characteristic.  The study  of animals is called
Zoology.
  An'imal, Anima'lis. That which concerns, or
belongs to, an animal.
  Animal  Heat, Color  anima'lia seu nati'vus,
Cal'idum anima'le  seu inna'tum,  Biolych'nion,
Flam'mula vita'lis, Therma em'phytum, Thermum
em'phytum,  Ignis  anima'lia seu  natura'lia  seu
vita'lia, (F.) Chaleur animate, is the caloric con-
stantly formed  by the body  of a living animal,
by virtue of which it preserves nearly the same
temperature, whatever may  be that of the  me-
dium in which  it  is placed.   This  formation
seems to  take place over the  whole of tho body,
and'to  be connected with the action of nutrition.
  The  following are the natural temperatures of
certain animals; that of man being 98° or 100°

     Animals.                      Temptraturt.
Arctic Fox..............................................   107
Arctic Wolf...........................................•>     1n.
Squirrel................................................/    105
Hare....................................................»     ...
Whale...................................................I    104
Arctomys citillus, zizil—in summer...........    103
       Do.        when torpid................  80 to 84
(Joat........................................................    103
Bat. in summer.....................................1     ,
Musk................................................../    102
Marmota bobac—Bdbac.............................101 or 102
House mouse............................................    lot 
ANIMALCULA              66             ANISOTACHYS
     Animals.
Arctomys marmota, marmot,—in summer,
       Do.       when torpid..............
Rabbit...................................................
Polar Bear.............................................
Dos......................................................
Cat.......................................................
Swine...................................................
Sheep...................................................
Ox.......................................................
Temperatur .
.. lol or 102
     43
.. 110 to 104
     100
100 to 103
Guinea-pig............................................
Arctomys glis........................................
Shrew..............................„....................
Young wolf...........................................
Fringilla artica, Arctic finch....................
Kubecola, redbreast........'........................
Fringilla linaria, lesser red poll................
Falco paluinbarius. goshawk-...................
Caprimulgus JKurop;eus,  European goat-
  sucker................................................
Kmbcriza nivalin, snow-bunting...............
Falco lanarius, tanner............................
Fringilla carduelis, goldfinch....................
Corvus  corax, raven................................
Tuidus, thrush, (of Coylon,)....................
Tetrao perdix, partridge.........................
Anas clypeata,  shoreler...........................
l'ringa pugnax, ruffe...............................
Soolopax limosa, lesser godwit..................
Tetrao tetrix, grouse..............................
Fringilla brumalis, winterfmcli................
Loxia pyrrhula......................................
Falco nisus, sparrowhawk........................
Vultur bnrbatus....................................
Anser pulohricollis.................................
Colymbus auritus. dusky grebe................
Tringa vanellus, lo.ptuing, wounded.........
Tetrao lajropus, ptarmigan......................
Fringilla domestic;!, hmise sparrow...........
Strix passerina, little owl........................
Hxmatopus ostralegus, sea-pie................
Anas penelope, widgeon..........................
Anas strepera. gadwall...........................
Pelecanus carbo.....................................
Falco ossifragua, sea-eagle........................
Fulica atra, coot.....................................
Anas acuta, pintail-duck.........................
Falco milvus, kite, (wounded,)..................
Merops apiaster, bee-eater........................
Goose...................................................
Urn....................................................
Dove.....................................................
Duck....................................................
Ardeastellaris.......................................
Falco albicollis.......................................
Picus major..........................................
Cossus ligniperda...................................
Shark...................................................
Torpedo marmorata.............-................
100 to 102
    99
     96

}    nl
... 110 or 111
   100

109 to 110


   109
     108




     107

  107 to 111


     106



     105

\    104


  103 to 107


     103
to 91
83
74
  Animal Kingdom, (F.) Eigne Animal,  com-
prises all animated beings.
  Animal Layer, see Tache embryonnaire — a.
Magnetism, see Magnetism, animal.
  ANIMALCULA  SEMINALIA, Spermatozoa
—a. Spermatica, Spermatozoa.
  ANIMAL'CULE,  Animalculum;  diminutive
of animal.   A small animal.  An animal well
seen only by means of the microscope.
  ANIMALCULES, SEMINAL, Spermatozoa—
a. Spermatic, Spermatozoa.
  ANIMALCULISM, Spermatism.
  ANIMAL'CULIST, An'imalist.  One who at-
tempts  to explain different  physiological or pa-
thological phenomena by means of animalcules.
One who believes that the embryo is formed from
the so-called spermatic animalcules—sperm'atist,
sem'inist.
  ANIMA L'C U L 0 VIS M,  Animalculovism'-
us,  from animalculum and ovum.  The doctrine,
now universal, which maintains that the new
being is formed by the concourse of  the sperma-
tic  animalcule or spermatozoid with the ovum.
  ANIMALCULUM*, Animalcule.
  ANIMALIST, Animalculist.
  ANIMAL'ITY, Animalitae,  (F.)  AnimalitS.
The aggregate of qualities which distinguish that
which is animated.   That which constitutes the
animal.
   A N T M A LIZ A' T10 N, Animalisa'lio.  The
 transformation of the nutritive parts of food into
 the living substance of the body to be nourished.
 Assimilation.
   To AN'IMATE, Anima're.  To unite the liv-
 ing  principle  with   an organized  body.   The
 French use it in the sense of,—to excite or render
 active; as, animer  un  vSsicatoire:  to  excite a
 blister to suppurate.
   ANIMATIO, Animation—a. Foetus, see Quick,
 ening.
   ANIMA'TION, Zoo'sis,Anima'tio, from anima,
 'the soul or mind.'   The act of animating.  The
 state of beinii; enlivened.
   Animation,  S-uspended,  Asphyxia.
   AN'IME,  Gum an'ime, Amina'a, Gummi an'-
 ime,  Can'camum,  Can'camy.  A  resin  obtained
 from the trunk of  Hymen'aa cour'baril.  Ord.
 Fabaceae. It  has been given as a cephalic and
 uterine.   It is  not used.  The plant is also called
 Cour'baril.
   ANIMli,  (F.)    An  epithet  applied to the
 countenance, when florid, in health or disease.
   ANIMELLiE, Parotid.
   ANIMI CASUS  SUBITUS, Syncope—a. De-
 liquium,  Syncope—a. Pathemata, Passions.
   ANIMISM,  see Animist.
   AN'IMIST, from anima, 'the soul.'  One who,
 following the  example of  Stahl, refers all the
 phenomena of the  animal ecomony to the soul,
 An'i m ism.
   The soul, according to Stahl, is the immediate
 and intelligent agent of every movement, and of
 every material change in the body.  Stahl there-
 fore  concluded,  that disease is  nothing more
 than a disturbance or disorder in the government
 of the economy,  or an  effort by  which  the soul,
 attentive to  every morbific cause, endeavours to
 expel whatever may be deranging the habitual
 order of  health.   See Stahlianism.
   ANIMUS, Anima, Breath.
   ANIRID'IA, from av, priv., and ipiy, tptios 'the
 iris.'  Absence of the iris.
   ANIS, Pimpinella anisum—a. Aigre, Cuminum
 Cyminum—a.  de la  Chine, Illicium anisatum—a.
 Doux, Anethum—a. EtoilS, Illicium anisatum.
   ANISA'TUM,  from  Anisum, ' Anise.'   A sort
 of medicated wine, formerly prepared with honey,
 wine of Ascalon,  and aniseed.
   ANISCALPTOR, Latissimus dorsi.
   ANISCIIURIA, Enuresis.
   ANISE, Pimpinella  anisum—a. Star, Illicium
 anisatum, I. Floridanum — a. Tree, Florida, Illi-
 cium Floridanum—a. Tree, yellow-flowered, Illi-
 cium anisatum.
   ANISEED, see Pimpinella anisum.
   ANISEMA  DRACONTIUM,  Arum  dracon-
 tium.
   ANISI SEMINA, see Pimpinella anisum.
   ANISO'DUS  LU'RIDUS,  Nican'dra  anom'-
 ala, Phy'salie  stramo'ttium, V.'hitlev'a stramo'ni-
 folia.  A plant  of Nepal, possessed  of narcotio
 properties, and resembling belladonna  and to-
 bacco.  It dilates the  pupil, and is used in dis-
 eases of  the eye  like belladonna.   It is given in
 alcoholic tincture  (dried  leaves  %j to  alcohol
 fjviij).  Dose, 20 drops internally in the 24 hours.
   ANISOPHYLLUM   IPECACUANHA,  Eu-
 phorbia Ipecacuanha.
   ANISOS'THENES, Inaqtta'li  rob'ore pollen,.
 That which  is  unequal  in strength :  from av,
 priv., tuos, ' equal,'  and oStvos,  ' strength '  An
 epithet applied particularly to the muscular con-
 tractility which,  in  the sick, is  sometimes  aue-
 mented in certain muscles only,—in  the flexors,
 > for example.                                 '
ii  ANISOT'ACHYS, from  av, priv., ms, < equal 
ANISUM                 67               ANNULAR
 and raxvs,  'quick.'  An epithet for the  pulse,
 when quick and unequal.—Gorraeus.
   ANISUM,  Pimpinella anisum—a. Africanum
 fruteseens, Bubon Galbanum—a. Fruticosum gal-
 baniferum, Bubon Galbanum—a. Officinale, Pim-
 pinella anisum—a. Sinense, Illicium anisatum —
 a. Stellatum, Illicium anisatum—a. Vulgare, Pim-
 pinella anisum.
   ANKLE, Astragalus, Malleolus.
   ANKLEY, Malleolus.
   ANKUS, Ancus.
   ANKYLOBLEPHARON,  Ancylobleph'aron,
 Palpebrarum coal'itus, from ayicvXn,  'a bridle,'
 and t3Xt<f>apov, 'eyelid.'   A preternatural  union
 between the free edges of the eyelids.  Likewise
 called Symbleph'aron, Symblepharo'sis, and Pros'-
 physis.
   Also, union between the eyelids and  globe of
 the eye.—Aetius.
   ANKYLOCIIEI'LIA, Ancylochei'lia,  (F.) An-
 lcyclochSlie, from  ayicvXos, ' crooked,' and ^tiAoj,
 ' lip.'   Accidental union of the  lips.
   ANKYLOCHEIAE, Ankylocheilia.
   ANKYLOCOLPUS,  Colpatresia.
   ANKYLOCORE, Coreclisis.
   ANKYLODON'TIA,  from  ayicvXos, 'crooked,''
 and oiovs, oiovros, 'a tooth.'   An  irregular posi-
 tion of the teeth in the jaws.
   ANKYLOGLOS'SIA, Ancyloglos'sia,  Concre'-
 tio lingua, from aytcvXn, ' a bridle,'and yXnaaa,
 'the tongue.'  Impeded motion of the tongue in
 consequence of adhesion between its margins and
 the gums ; or in consequence  of the shortness
 of the  fraenuni: the later affection constituting
 Tongue-tie,  Olopho'nia  lin'gua  frana'ta.   It
 merely requires the fraenum to be divided with a
 pair of scissors.
   ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM, from ankyloglos-
 sia, ' tougue-tie,' and ropn, 'incision.' An instru-
 ment used in the operation for tongue-tie.
   ANKYLOME'LE, Ancylome'le, from  ayicvXos,
 ' crooked,' and pqXn, ' a probe.'  A curved probe.
 —Galen.
   ANKYLOMERIS'MUS, Ancylomeris'mus, from
 ayKtiXn, 'a bridle,' and ptpos,:'a part.'  Morbid
 adhesion  between parts.
   ANKYLOPS, iEgilops.
   ANKYLORRHIN'IA,  Ancylorrhin'ia,  from
 ayKvXn, ' a bridle,' and  piv,  ' the nose.'  Morbid
 union of the parietes of the nose.
   ANKYLOSED, see Ankylosis.
   ANKYLO'SIS,  Aneylo'sis, Anchylo'sis,  An'-
 cyle, Stiff Joint,  from  ayicvXos,  ' crooked.'   An
 affection,  in which there is great  difficulty or even
 impossibility of moving a diarthrodial articula-
 tion.  It is so called, because the limb commonly
 remains in a constant state of flexion, and a joint
 thus affected is said to be ankylo'sed.  Anchylo-
 sis is said to be complete or true, when there is an
 intimate adhesion between the synovial surfaces,
 with union of the articular extremities of the
 bones.  In the incomplete  or false anchylosis,
 there is obscure  motion, but the fibrous  parts
 around  the joint are more or less stiff and thick-
 ened.   In the  treatment of this last  state, the
 joint must be  gently and gradually exercised;
 and oily, relaxing applications be assiduously em-
 ployed.
   Ankylosis Spuria, Rigiditas  articulorum.
   ANKYLO'TIA, Ancylo'tia, from  aynvXn, 'a
 bridle,'  and ovs, oiros, -'the ear.'   Morbid union
 of the parietes of the ear.
  ANKYhOVOMVS,Ancylot'omus, from ayicvXos,
 'crooked,'  and rtpvetv,  'to  cut.'  Any kind of
curved  knife.—Paulus.   An  instrument  for di-
viding the fraenum linguae.—Scultetus.
  ANNEAU, Ring—a.  Crural, Crural canal—a.
Diaphragmatiqxie, Diaphragmatic ring—a, F6mo-
 ral, Crural canal—a. Inguinal, Inguinal ring—o.
 Ombilical, Umbilical ring.
   ANNEXE, Accessory, Appendix.
   ANNI CRITICI,  Climacterici (anni)—a. Dc-
 cretorii, Climacterici (anni)—a. Fatales, Climac-
 terici  (anni)—a. Genethliaci, Climacterici (anni)
 —a. Gradarii, Climacterici (anni)—a. Hebdoina-
 dici, Climacterici (anni)—a. Heroici, Climacterici
 (anni)—a. Natalitii, Climacterici (anni)—a. Sea-
 lares, Climacterici (anni)—a. Scansiles, Climacte-
 rici (anni).
   ANNOTA'TIO, Episma'sia.  Under this term
 some have included the preludes to an attack of
 intermittent fever—as yawning, stretching,  som-
 nolency, chilliness, Ac.
   ANNOTTO, see Terra Orleana.
   AN'NUAL DISEASES, Morbi an'nui, M. an-
 niversa'rii, (F.) Maladies  anntielles.  A name
 given, by  some, to  diseases which recur every
 year about the same  period.   Febris annua, (F.)
 Fievre attnuelle, is a term used for a fancied in-
 termittent of this type.                   «
   ANNUENS. Rectus  capitis internus minor.
   ANNUIT"IO, Nodding,  from ad,  'to,' and
 nutus, 'a nod.'  A  gesture,  denoting assent  in
 most countries.  Also, the state of somnolency,
 when  the  individual  is in the  erect or sitting
 posture, with the head unsupported,  in which
 the power  of volition over the extensor muscles
 of the head is lost, and the head drops forward.
   AN'NULAR, Annula'ris, Anula'ris, Cricoi'des,
 (F.) Annulaire, (annus, 'a circle.')  Any thing
 relating to a ring, or which has the shape or ful-
 fils  the  functions of a ring;  from annulus,  'a
 ring.'
   Annular  Finger,  Ring  Finger,  Ring man,
 Dig"itus annula'ris,  Param'esos.   The  fourth
 finger,  so  called from the wedding  ring being
 worn thereon.   See Digitus.   Of old, it was be-
 lieved, that there is a medium of direct commu-
 nication between the ring finger and the heart.
   Ansular Ganglion, see Ciliary ligament.
   Annular  Lig'ament,  Transverse   ligament,
 Cru'cial ligament.  A strong  ligamentous band,
 which arohes across  the area of the  ring of the
 atlas, from a rough tubercle upon the inner sur-
 face of one articular process, to a similar tuberclo
 on the other.   It serves to retain  the  odontoid
 process of  the axis in connexion with the ante-
 rior arch of the atlas.
   An'nular Lig'ament of the Ra'dius, is a very
 strong fibro-cartilaginous band, which forms,  with
 the lesser sigmoid cavity  of the cubitus, a kind
 of ring,  in which the head  of the radius turns
 with facility.
   An'nular  Lig'aments  op  the  Carpus, Ar-
 milla manus membrano'sa, are two in number.
   The one, anterior, is a  broad,  fibrous, quadri-
 lateral band, extending transveisely before the
 carpus, and forming the gutter, made by the
 wrist, into a canal.   It is attached,  externally,
 to the trapezium and scaphoides; and internally
 to the os pisiforme and process of the unciforme.
 It keeps the  tendons of the flexor  muscles, me-
 dian nerve, &o., applied against the carpus.
   The posterior ligament  is situate transversely
 behind  the  joint of the hand, and  covers the
 sheaths of the tendons, which  pass to  the back
 of the  hand.  Its fibres are  white  and shining,
 and are  attached, externally, to the inferior and
 outer part of the radius;  internally to  the ulna
 and  os pisiforme.
  An'nular Lig'aments op fHE Tarsus are two
 in number.  The anterior is  quadrilateral,  and
 extends transversely above the instep.  It is at-
tached to the superior depression of the os calcis,
and to the malleolus internus.  It embraces the
tendons of the extensor muscles of the toes, the
tibialis anticue, and peroneua anticua.  The inter- 
ANNULARIS              68                ANOSMIA
<*al is broader than the last.  It descends from
the malleolus internus to the posterior and inner
part of the os calcis, with which it forms a kind
of canal, enclosing the sheaths of the tendons of
the tibialis posticus, flexor longus digitorum pedis,
and F. longus pollicis pedis, as well as the plantar
vessels and nerves.
  Annular  Vein,  Vena annula'ris, is situate
between the  annular finger and the little finger.
Aetius recommends it to be opened in diseases
of the spleen.
  ANNULARIS, Cricoid : see  Digitus—a. Ani,
Sphincter ani.
  ANNULI CARTILAGINEI, see Trachea—a.
Cartilaginosi  Tracheae, see Trachea.
  AN'NULI  FIBRO-CARTILAGIN'EI,  «Fi-
bro-cartilaginous  or festooned  rings."  Tough
tendinous tracts  in  the heart, two of which, an-
terior, are situate  on the right  and left  of the
aortal opening;  and one posterior, which runs
backwards from the aorta to the border  of the
auriclilo-ventricular septum, where it splits into
two slender crura.
  ANNULI- TENDINO-PHALANGIENS,
Lumbricales  manus.
  ANNULUS, Dactylius, Vulva—a. Abdominis,
Inguinal ring—a. Albidus, see Ciliary (ligament)
— a.  Cellulosus, Ciliary  ligament — a. Ciliaris,
Ciliary ligament — a. Fossae ovalis : see  Ovalis
fossa — a. Gangliformis, see Ciliary (ligament) —
a. Repens,  Herpes circinatus — a. Umbilicalis,
Umbilical ring—a. Ventriculi, Pylorus—a, Vieus-
senii, see Ovalis fossa.
   ANO, avto.  A prefix denoting 'above, up.'
   ANO-CA VERNEUX, Accelerator urinae.
   ANOCHI'LUS, from avot, 'above,' and  jrxiXoy,
'lip.'   The upper lip. Also, one who has a large
upper lip,
   ANOCC3LIA, Stomach.
   ANOCGELIADELPHUS, Coeliadelphus.
   ANO'DIA, from av,  priv.,  and  win,  'song.'
An unconnected or dissonant mode of speech.
   ANOD'IC, Anod'icus,  from  avw, 'above, up,'
and 'oios, 'a  way.'  Tending upwards.  An epi-
thet  applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to an ascend-
ing course of nervous action.
   A NOD IN, Anodyne.
   ANODIN'IA, from a, av, privative, and uitv,
 ' a labour pain.'   Absence of labour pains.
   ANODMIA, Anosmia.
   ANODUS, Edentulus.
   AN'ODYNE,  Anod'ynus, Antod'ynus, Antid'-
 ynous (improperly), Paregor'icus, Anet'icus, Ant-
 algics, Acesod'ynes, (F.) Anodin ou Anodyn,
 from av, privative, and  oivvri, 'pain.'  Anodynes
 are those medicines which relieve pain, or cause
 it to  cease; as opium, belladonna,  &c.  They  act
 by blunting the sensibility of the encephalon, so
 that  it does not appreciate the morbid sensation.
   ANODYN'IA, Indolen'tia.   Cessation  or  ab-
 sence of pain.  Vogel has given this name to a
 genus of diseases, characterized by a cessation
 of pain, and the exasperation of other symptoms;
 as we see in gangrene.
   ANODYNUM  MINERALE, Potassaa  nitras
 sulphatis paucillo mixtus.
    ANGS'A,  Anola, from o, privative, and voos,
 'mind.'  Delirium, imbecility.   See  Dementia
 and  Idiotism.
    ANOESIA, Dementia—a. Abstricta,  Melan-
 choly.
    ANOIA, Anoea.
    ANOMAL, Anomalous.
    ANOMALES, Anomalous.
    ANOMA'LIA, from av, privative, and  opaXos,
  'regular.'   Abnor'mitas,  Aliena'tio.   Anomaly,
  abnormity, irregularity.  In Pathology, anomaly
  means something unusual in the symptoms pro-
per to a disease, or in the morbid appcaranoei
presented by it.                         .
  Anomalia Nervorum, Nervous diathesis.
  ANOMALIEPAR CLOISONNEMENT, see
Cloisonnement.                        .
  ANOMALOTROPHIES, from  av, privative,
opaXos, 'regular,' and rpo<pn,  'nourishment.'  A
class  of diseases, which consist in modifications
in the nutrition of organs.—Gendrin.
  ANOM'ALOUS, Anom'alus,  Anom'alis;  the
same  etymon.   Irregular; contrary to rule.  (F.)
Anomal.   In  Medicine,  a disease is called  ano-
malous, in whose -rymptoms or progress  there is
something  unusual.  Affections are  also called
anomalous, which  cannot be  referred  to any
known species.
  ANOMALOUS, Irregular.
  ANOMMATUS, Anophthalmus.
  ANOMOCEPH'ALUS,  from  a,  priv., vouos,
'rule,' and xtcpaXn, 'head.'  One whoso head is
deformed.—Geoffroi Saitlt-Hilaire.
  A NOMOSPLENO TOP IE, Splenectopia.
  ANOMOTOP1E, Ectopia.
  ANOM'PIIALUS, from av, priv., and op<j>aXos,
'the navel.' One devoid of navel.  Many writers
have  endeavoured to show that Adam and Eve
must have been avopipaXot, as they could not have
had umbilical  vessels.
   ANONA TRILOBA,  see Carica papaya.
   ANO'NA TRIPET'ALA. A tree of the family
Anoneae or Anonaeeae;  Sex. Syst. Polyandria
Polygynia, from fifteen  to  twenty feet high, na-
tive of South  America, which bears a delicious
fruit called Chirimoya. Both the fruit and flowers
emit  a fine fragrance, which, when the tree is
covered with blossom, is almost overpoweriug.—
Tschudi.
   ANONIS, Ononis.
   ANONYCII'IA, from  av, privative, and om\,
owx°s> 'a nail.'  Want of nails, — a rare con-
genital defect.
   ANONYME, Innominatum.
   ANON'YMOUS, Anon'ymus, Innomina'tus, (F.)
Anonyme, from  av, privative, and ovopa,  'name.'
That which has no name.
   The word has been  applied to many parts of
the body: — to the Anonymous bone or Os inno-
minatum :—the Anonymous foramen or Foramen
innominatum,  Ac.
   ANOPIIRESIA, Anosmia.
   ANOPHTHAL'MUS, Anom'matus, from av,
privative,  and  o<f>8aXpos,  'an eye.'  One who is
devoid of eyes.
   ANOPS'IA, from  av, priv., and uuV, 'the eye.'
 A case of monstrosity in which the eye and orbit
 are wanting.
   ANOPTICONERVIE,  Amaurosis.
   ANOR'CHIDES, from av, priv., and opxn, 'a
 testicle.'   They who are without testicles.—For-
 tunatus  Fidelis.
   ANOREX'IA, from  av, priv., and optlts, 'ap-
 petite.'  Inappeten'tia, Limo'sis expers, (F.) Pert*
 d'appetit.  Absence of appetite, without loathing.
 Anorexia or want of appetite is symptomatic of
 most diseases.  Also, Indigestion, Dyspepsia.   ,
   Anorexia  Exhausto'rum,  Frigidity of the
 stomach—a. Mirabilis, Fasting.
   ANORGANIC, see Anhistous, and Inorganic.
   ANORMAL, Abnormous.
   ANORTHOP'IA,from a,priv.,opSoj, 'straight,'
 and  otpts, 'vision.'  Vision in which persons are
 unable to  judge when objects are  not parallel of
 not symmetrical.
    ANOS'PA,  from a, priv., and voaos. 'disease.'
 Health.  Freedom from disease.
    AN OS'MI A  from  „„, privative, and oW
 'odour.  Loss of smell. Diminution of the sense
 of smell.  Called, also, Anosphre'aia, Anosphra'.
 sia,  Anophre'sia, Paros'mia,  Anod'mia, Anoamo'. 
ANOSMOSIA              69            ANTHELMINTIC
aia, Olfactus amis'sio seu defic"ier,a, Dysasthe'sia
olfacto'ria, Anasthe'sia olfacto'ria, Odora'tus de-
per'dittts, (F.) Perte de I'Odorat.
  ANOSMOSIA, Anosmia.
  ANOSPHRASIA, Anosmia.
  ANOSPHRESIA, Anosmia.
  ANO'TUS,  from av, privative,  and ovs, uros,
'the ear.'  A monster having no ears.
  ANOXEMIE, Asphyxia.
  ANSA INTESTINALIS, Anse (jntestinale).
  ANSE (P.), Ansa (L.), signifies, properly, the
handle  of certain vessels, usually of an arched
form.   By analogy, it has been applied to that
which is curved in the  form of  such  handle.
Thus, the French speak of Anse intestinale—Ansa
seu  Gyrus intestina'lis — to  signify a portion of
intestine,  supported by  its mesentery, and de-
scribing a curved line:—also, of Anse  nerveuse,
Anse anastomotique, &C.
  Anse de fil  is used, in  Surgery,  to designate a
thread, curved in the fofm of an Anse.
   ANSERINA, Potentilla anserina.
   ANSERINE, Chenopodium ambrosioides—a.
Anthelmintique, Chenopodium anthelminticum—
a. Bon  Henri, Chenopodium Bonus Henricus—a.
Botrys, Chenopodium Botrys—a. FStide, Cheno-
podium vulvaria — a. Vermifuge, Chenopodium
anthelminticum.
   ANTACIDS, Anti-acids, Antiac"ida, Inver-
ten'tia,  from  anti, 'against,' and  acida, 'acids.'
Remedies  which obviate acidity in the  stomach.
They are chemical agents, and act by neutralizing
the  acid.  Those chiefly used are ammonia, calcis
carbonas,  calx,  magnesia,  magnesiae  carbonas,
potassa, potassae bicarbonas,  p. carbonas, sodae
bicarbonas, and s. carbonas. They are, of course,
only palliatives, removing that which exists, not
preventing the formation of more.
   ANTAG'ONISM, Antagonis'mus, Antis'tasis,
from avri, 'against,' and aya>vi$opai,  'to strive.'
Action  in an opposite direction.  It applies to the
action of muscles that act in a contrary direction
to others.  In estimating the  force of muscles,
this antagonism must be  attended  to.
   ANTAG'ONIST, Antagonis'ta.  A muscle
whose action  produces an effect contrary to that
of another muscle.  Every muscle  has its  anta-
gonist,  because there is no motion in one direc-
tion without a capability of it in another.
  ANTALGICUS,  Anodyne.
  ANTAPHRODIS'IAC, Antaphrodit'ic, Anta-
phrodisiacus,  Attaphrodisiacus, Anaphrodis'iac,
Anterot'icus, from avrt, ' against,' and atppoitataicos,
•aphrodisiac'  A substance capable of blunting
the  venereal appetite.
  ANTAPHRODITIC, Antaphrodisiac.
  ANTAPOD'OSIS, from avraxoitiwpt, 'I return
in exchange.'   The succession and return of the
febrile periods.—Hippocrates.
   ANTAPOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic.
   ANTARTHRITIC, Antiarthritic.
   ANTASTHENICUS, Tonic.
   ANTASTHMATICUS, Antiasthmatic.
   ANTATROPH1C,  Antatroph'icus,  Antat'ro-
phus, Antiatroph'icus, from avrt,  'against,' and
arpoifiia, 'atrophy.' A remedy opposed to atro-
phy or  consumption.
  ANTEBRACHIAL, see Antibrachial.
  ANTECEDEN'TIA.   The  precursory or
warning symptoms of a disease.
  ANTEFLEXIO  UTERI, see Anteversion.
  ANTELA'BIA, Proehei'la, from ante, 'before,'
and  labia,  'the lips.'  The extremity, of the lips.
  ANTELOPE, Antilopus.
  AXTEMBALLOMENUM, Succedancum.
  ANTEM'BASIS, from avn, and tp/Satvu),  'I
enter.'  Mu'tuua  ingres'sus.  The mutual recep-
tion  of bones.—Galen.
  ANTEMETIC, Antiemetic.
  ANTENDEIXIS, Counter-indication.
  ANTENDIXIS, Counter-indication.
  ANTENEAS'MUS, from  avn, 'against,'  and
veav, 'audacious;' or rather, perhaps, from avn,
and  reivta, 'I extend or stretch.'  One  furious
against himself.  Mania, in  which the  patient
attempts his own life.—Zacchias.
  ANTENNA'RIA DIOI'CA, Gnapha'lium  Di-
oi'cum, Hispid'ula, Pes cati,  Eli'chrysum monta'-
num,  Dice'cious  Everlast'ing, Catsfoot, (F.) Pied
de chat.   Order, Compositae.  A common Euro-
pean  plant, which has been advised in  hemor-
rhage, diarrhoea, <fcc.
  Antennaria  Margaritacea,   Gnaphalium
margaritaceum.
  Antennaria Plantaginipo'lia,  Gnapha'lium
plantaginifo'Hum seu plantagiileum seu dioi'cum
variety plantaginifolium, Plantain Life-everlast-
ing,  Cudweld, indigenous, has similar properties.
  ANTEPHIALTIC, Antiephialtic.
  ANTEPILEPTIC, Antiepileptic.
  ANTEPONENS, Anticipating.
  ANTEREI'SIS, from avn, 'against,' and tptt-
im, 'I support.'   The resistance—the solidity—■
of bones.—Hippocrates.
  ANTERIEUR  DU  MARTEAU,  Laxator
tympani—a. de VOreille, Anterior auris.
  ANTE'RIOR, Anti'cus,  from  ante,  'before.'
Situate before.  Great confusion has  prevailed
with  anatomists in the  use  of the  terms before,
behind, etc.  Generally, the  word anterior is ap-
plied to parts  situate before  the median line, the
body being in the  erect posture, with  the face
and  palms of the  hands turned forwards,  and
the feet applied longitudinally together.
  Ante'rior Au'ris (Muscle), Auricula'ris ante'-
rior,At'trahens auric'ulam, (F.) Auriculaire atttS-
rieur, Anterieur de I'oreille, Zygomato-oriculaire.
A small  muscle, passing from the posterior part
of the zygoma to the helix.   Use, to draw the eai
forwards and upwards.
  Anterior Mallei, Laxator tympani.
  ANTEROTICUS, Antaphrodisiac.
  ANTEUPHORBIUM, Cacalia anteuphorbium.
  ANTEVER'SION,  Antever'sio,  Antrover'sio,
from ante, 'before,' and vertere, versum, 'to turn.'
Displacement of the uterus,  in which the fundus
is turned towards the pubes, whilst its orifice is
towards the sacrum.  It may be caused by extra-
ordinary size of the pelvis, pressure of the viscera
on the uterus, etc.;  and is recognised  by exami-
nation per vaginam. A simple  forward inclina-
tion  of the body 0/ the uterus, without the os
uteri  being carried much backwards, is termed
Anteflexion of the u'terus, Anteflex'io u'teri.  Not
unfrequently, however, it is  used synonymously
with  Retroversion of the  Uterus.   See Retro-
versio uteri.
  ANTH.EMOPTY'ICUS, Antihamoptyicus,
from  avn, 'against,' and  hamoptysis, 'spitting
of blood.'  Against spitting of blood.  A remedy
for  spitting of blood—antihamopty'icum (reme-
dium).
  ANTH^GMORRHAGICUS, Antihemorrhagic.
  ANTHECTICUS, Antihectio.
  A N T H E LIT' R A G U S, (F.) AnthSlitragien.
One  of the proper muscles of  the pavilion of
the ear.
  ANT'HELIX, Anti-helix,  from avrt,  'before,'
and 'tXil;, 'the helix.'  An eminence on the car-
tilage of the  ear, in front of the helix, and ex-
tending  from  the concha to the groove of the
helix, where it bifurcates.
  A N TII E L M I N'T IC, Antihelmin'ticus, Anti-
scolieua,  Anthelmin'thicus,  Antisco/et'icus,  Hei-
min'thicus,  Helminthago'gus,   Antivermino'sus,
Vermif'ugus,   Ver'mifuge,  from  avrt, 'against,'
and  'eXpivs, 'a  worm.'  A  remedy which  de- 
ANTIIEMA ERUPTIO        70                ANTHRAX
Btroys  or  expels worms, or prevents their  for-
mation  and  development.  The chief anthel-
mintics are, Chenopodium, Mucuna, Oleum  ani-
mate Dippelii, Oleum Terebintbinae, Sodii Chlo-
ridura, Spigelia, and Pulvis Stanni.   See Worms.
  ANTHEMA ERUPTIO, Exanthem.
  AN'THEMIS COT'ULA, frouiavfltw, 'Iflower.'
A.fae'tida seu Noveboracen'sis, Cot'ula, O.fee'tida,
Cota, Cynan'themis, Chamame'lum fve'tidum seu
Chamomilla spu'ria seu fce'tida, Maru'ta Cot'ula,
Mayflower, Mayweed, Stinking  Chamomile, Wild
Cham'omile, Dog's fennel, Dilly, Dilweed, Field-
weed, Pissweed.   Ord. Compositae Corymbiferae.
Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Superflua.  (F.) Maroute,
Camomille fetide, Camomille puante.
  This  plant Cot'ula, (Ph. U. S.), has a very dis-
agreeable smell,  and the leaves have a strong,
acrid, bitterish taste.  It is reputed to have  been
useful in hysterical affections.
  Anthf.mis Fcetida, A. cotula.
  An'themis  No'bilis, An'themis, A. odora'ta,
C/tamame'ltim,  Ch. No'bile  seu odora'tum,  Cha-
vtomilla Roma'na, Euan'themon, Leucan'themtim,
(F.) Camomille Romaine.  The leaves and flowers.
—Anthemis, Ph. U. S.—have a  strong smell, and
bitter, nauseous  taste.  The flowers are  chiefly
used.  They possess tonic and  stomachic proper-
ties, and are much given as a pleasant .and cheap
bitter.  A simple infusion is taken to produce, or
to  assis't  vomiting.   Externally, they are  often
used in fomentations.
   The O'leum Anthem'idis possesses the aromatic
properties of the plant, but not the bitter and
tonic.   Consequently, the ' ClHtmomile Dropts,' as
sold by the druggists, must be  devoid of tho lat-
ter  qualities.  They are  made by  adding 01.
anthem, f^j. to Sp. vini rectif. Oj.
   Anthemis  Noveboracencis, A. cotula — a.
Odorata,  A. cotula.
   An'themis Py'rethrum, Py'rethrum, P. verum,
Aiacyc'lus  pyrethrum,  Buphthalmum Cre'ticum,
Denta'ria,  Herba sulica'ris, Pes Alexandrlnus,
 ^//atiiah Chamomile, Pellitory of Spain, (F.) Py-
rethre, Racine saliraire, Salivaire, Pied d'Alex-
andre.  The root,  Pyrethrum (Ph. U. S.), is hot
 und acrid,  its acrimony  residing in a resinous
principle.  It is .never used except as a mastica-
 tory in toothache, rheumatism of the  face, pa-
 ralysis of the tongue, etc.  It  acts as a powerful
 sialogogue.
   The Pellitory of the shops in Germany is said
 to  be derived from Anacyc'lus officina'rum;  a
 plant cultivated in Thuringia  for medicinal pur-
 poses.
   An'themis Tincto'ria,  Buphthalmi  Herba,
 Dyer's Chamomile, a European  plant, has a bitter
 and astringent  taste, and has  been regarded as
 stomachic  and  vulnerary.   (F.)  Camomille des
  Teintnriers, (Eil de Bceuf.
   Anthemis Vulgaris, Matricaria  Chamomilla.
   ANTHE'RA, from avOnpos,  so called from  its
 'florid' colour.  A remedy compounded of several
 substances—myrrh, sandarac,  alum, saffron, etc.
 It was used under the form of liniment, colly-
 rium. electuary, and powder.—Celsus, Galen.
   ANTHEREON, Mentum.
   ANTHORA,  Aconitum anthora — a. Vulgaris,
 Aconitum anthora.
   ANTHORIS'MA, from  avn, 'against,'  and
 epiapa, 'boundary.'  Tumor diffu'sus.  A  tumour
 without any defined margin.           <f
   ANTHOS, see Rosmarinus—a. Sylvestris, Le-
 dum sylvestre.
   ANTHRA'CIA, from  av$pa£, avdpatcos, 'coal.'
  Carbun'cular Exan'them.  An eruption of tumors,
 imperfectly suppurating, with  indurated edges,
 and, for  the most part,  a sordid and sanious core.
 A genus in the order Exanthematica, class Hama-
 tif.a of Good, and  including Plague and Yaws.
  Anthracia, Anthracosis—a. Pestis, Plague— .
a. Rubula, Frnmboesia.
  ANTIIRACION, see  Anthrax.
  AN'THRACOID, Anthraco'des,  from  avdpai,,
avOpaKos,  'coal,'  and ttios, 'resemblance'   (F.)
Charbonneux.  As  black as coal.   Accompanied
by or resembling anthrax.
  ANTHRACOMA, Anthrax.
  ANTHRACONECROSIS, see Sphacelus.
  ANTHRACOPHLYCT1S, see Anthrax.
  ANTHRACOSIA, Anthrax.
  ANTHRACO'SIS, Anthra'cia,  Carbo  Palpe.
bra'rttm, from avSpui, avdpatcos, 'a coal.'  A spe-
cies of carbuncle, which attacks the eyelids and
globe  of the eye.—Paulus of iEgina.   Also, a
carbuncle of any kind.   It has been used for the
 "black lung of coal miners," which  is  induced
by  carbonaceous  accumulation  in the lungs;
 Pseudo-melanot'icformation, (Carswell.)   Matilre
noire  des Poumons, Charbon pulmonaire.  When
ulceration results from  this cause, black  phthisis,
 (F.) Phthisie avec Melanose, exists.  See Mela-
 nosis.
   Anthracosis Pulmonum, see Melanosis.
   ANTHRACOTYPHUS, Plague.
   ANTHRAKOK'ALI, Lithanthrakok'ali, from
 avdpai;, avdpatcos, 'coal,' and kali, 'potassa.' An
 article introduced as a remedy in cutaneous dis-
 eases.  It is formed by dissolving  carbonate of
 potassa in 10 or 12 parts of boiling water, and
 adding as much slacked lime as will separate the
 potassa.   The filtered liquor is placed on the fire
 in an  iron vessel, and suffered to evaporate, until
 neither froth nor  effervescence occurs,  and the
 liquid presents  a smooth  surface  like   oil.  To
 this, levigated coal is added in the  proportion of
 160 grammes to 192 grammes of potassa.   The
 mixture  is  stirred, and  removed from   the fire,
 and the stirring is continued, until a black homo-
 geneous powder results.  A sulphuretted anthra-
 kokali is made by mixing accurately 16 grammes
 of sulphur with the coal, and dissolving the mix-
 ture in the potassa, as  directed above.  The dose
 of the simple and sulphuretted  preparations is
 about two grains three times a day.
   ANTHRAX, avdpat, 'a coal,'  Antrax, Carbo,
 Rublnus verua, Codesel'la, Erythe'ma gangrano'-
 sum, Grantris'tum, Prima, Per'sicus Ignis, Pyra,
  Granatris'titm,  Phyma Anthrax, Erythema an-
 thrax, Carbutt'cuius, Anthraco'sia,  Anthraco'ma,
 Absces'sus gangranes' cens seu gangrano'sus, Fu-
 run'culus  malig'nus, F. gangrano''sus, Carbuncle,
 (F.) Charbon.  An inflammation, essentially gan-
 grenous,  of the  cellular membrane and  skin,
 which may arise from an internal or external cause.
 In the latter case it is  called Anthra'cion, Vesic'-
 ula gangranes'cens, Anthracophlyc'tis, (F.) Pus-
 tule malighe; Bottton d'Alep, Feu Persique (Per-
 sian fire), Malvat, Bottton malin, Puce maliguc, and
 is  characterized at the outset by a vesication or
 bleb filled with  a sero-sanguinolent fluid,  under
 which a small  induration is formed,  surrounded
 by  an a/eolar inflammation, which becomes gan-
 grenous.  It has been  thought by some to  be in-
  duced altogether by contact with the matter of
  the carbuncle of  animals, or of the exuviae of
  the bodies of such as had  died  of the disease,
  but it is  now known  to  arise primarily in the
  human subject.   This  form of carbuncle has re-
  ceived different names, many of them  from the
  places where  it has  prevailed:— Carbun'cului
  contagio'sus seu  Gallicus seu Hunga'ricus seu
  Polonicus seu Septentriona'lis, Morbuspustulo'sus
  tin mcus, Pus tula gangranosa seu Liv'ida Es-
  tho'ma, Pemphigua Hungar'icua, Puce  de  Bour-
 gogne.
   Anthrax is a malignant boil, and its treatment
  is  similar to that which is required in case of
|j gangrene attacking a part. 
ANTIIRISCUS  CEREFOLIUM    71               ANTICOMMA
  Anthrax Pulmonum, Necropneumonia.
  ANTHRISCUS CEREFOLIUM, Scandix  ce-
refolium—a. Humilis, Chaerophyllum  Sylvestre
—a.  Procerus, Chaerophyllum Sylvestre.
  ANTHROPE, Cutis.
  ANTHROPIAT'RICA (MEDICINA), from
ur:/it..!-r- , 'man,' and tarpos, 'a pliysieian.'  Me-
dicine  applied to  man, in contradistinction  to
animals.
  ANTHROPOCHEMIA, Chymistry (human).
  ANTHUOPOCHYMY, Chymistry (human).
  ANTHROPOGEN'IA,  Anthrojwgen'csis,  An-
thropog"ctiy, Genean''thropy, from av$pu>nos, 'man,'
and ytviot s, 'generation.'  The knowledge, or study,
or phenomena of human generation.
  ANTHROPO G'RAPH Y, Anthropngraph'ia,
from avOpuTTos, 'man,' and ypacpt), 'a description.'
Anthropology. A description of the human body.
  AN'THROPOID, Anthropo'i'des, from avQpunos,
' man,' and uios, 'resemblance.' Resembling mau:
—as the ape.
  ANTHROPOL'ITIIUS, from avBpwvos, 'man,'
and XiQos,  'a stone.'  The petrifaction  of  the
human body or of any of its parts.  Morbid con-
cretions  in the human body.
  ANTHROPOL'OGY, Anthropolog"ia, from
avSpumos, 'man,' and  Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  A
treatise on man.  By some, this word is used for
the science of the structure and functions of the
human body.  Frequently, it is employed synony-
mously with Natural History and Physiology of

  ANTHR0POMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism,
animal.
  ANTHROPOMANCY, Anthropomanti'a, from
ovSpwiroj, 'a man,'  and pavrtia, 'divination.'   Di-
vination by inspecting the entrails of a dead man.
  ANTHROPOM'ETRY,from avSpunos,' a man,'
and ptrpov, 'measure.'   Measurement of the di-
mensions of the different parts of the human body.
   ANTHROPOMORPHOLOGY,  Anatomy (de-
scriptive).
  ANTIIROPOMORPHUS, Atropa mandragora.
  ANTHROPON'OMY,  Anthroponom'Ja,  from
av&ptittros, 'man,'and vopos, 'law.'   A knowledge
of the special laws which preside over the func-
tions of  the human body in action.
•  ANTHROPOPH'AGUS, (F.) Anthropophage,
from avSpoinos, 'a  man,' and cpayin, 'I eat.'  A
name given to one who eats his own species.
  ANTHROPOPH'AGY, Anthropopha'gia, same
etymon.   The custom of eating human flesh.  A
disease in which there is great desire to eat it.
  ANTHROPOS, Homo.
  ANTHROPOSCOPIA, Physiognomy.
  ANTHROPOTOMY', Andranatomia.
  ANTUUS, Flos.
  ANTHYPNOT'IC, Anthypnot'fcus, Antihyp-
not'ic,  Agrypnot'ic,  from  avn,  'against,' and
'vrvunKos, 'stupefying.'   A remedy for stupor.
  ANTHYPOCHON'DRIAC,  Anthypochondri'-
actis, from avn, 'against,' and 'ujro^ov^ia/coy, 'hy-
pochondriac'  A remedy for hypochondriasis.
  ANTHYSTER'IC,  Antihyster'ic, Antihyster'-
ictts, from  avn,  'against,' and 'vartpa, 'the ute-
rus.'  A  remedy for hysteria.
  ANTI, avn, as a prefix, in composition, gene-
rally means 'opposition.'
  ANTIADES, Tonsils.
  ANTTADITIS, Cynanehe tonsillaris.
  ANTIADON'CUS, from avnaits, 'the  tonsils.'
and oyKos,  'tumour.'  A swelling of the tonsils.
—Swediaur.   Anti'ager has a similar meaning.
  Antiadoncus Inflammatobius, Cynanehe ton-
sillaris.
  ANTIAPOPLEC'TIC, Antiapoplec'ticus, Anta-
poplec'tivus,  Apoplec'ticus,  from  avn, 'against,'
and  <uroirAi?(«a, 'apoplexy.'  A remedy for apo-
plexy.                                        J
  ANTIARIS TOXICARIA, see Upas.
  ANTIARTHRIT'IC,  Antarthrit'ic,  Antiar-
thrit'ictts,  Antipodag'ric, from avn,  'against,'
and apSpms,  'the  gout,' (F.)  Antigoutteux.   A
remedy for gout.
  ANTIASTIIEN'IC, Antiasthcn'icua, from avn,
'against,' and aaOevua, 'debility.'  A remedy for
debility.
  ANTIASTHMATIC,  Antiasthmat'icns,  Ant-
asthmut'icus,  from  avn, 'against,'  and aoSpa,
'asthma.'  A remedy for asthma.
  ANTIATROPHICUS, Antatrophic.
  ANTIBALLOMENUM, Succedaneum.
  ANTIBDELLA, Antlia sanguisuga.
  ANTIBECHICUS,  Expectorant.
  A N TIB R A'C H IA L, Antibrachia'lis.  That
which concerns the fore-arm.—Bichat.  J. Clo-
quet suggests that the word should be written an-
tebrachial, from ante, 'before,'  and  brachittm,
'the arm'—as antebrachial region, antebrachial
aponeurosis,  Ac.
  Antebrachial  Aponeuro'sis, (F.) AponSv-
rose antSbrachiale, is a portion of the aponeurotic
sheath which envelops  the whole of the upper
limb.  It  arises from the brachial  aponeurosis,
from  a fibrous expansion of the tendon of the
biceps muscle, from the epicondyle, epitrochlea,
and, behind, from the tendon of the triceps bra-
chialis.  Within, it  is inserted into  the cubitus,
etc.;  and, below, is confounded with the two an-
nular ligaments of the carpus.  It is covered by
the skin, by veins, lymphatics, and by filaments
of superficial nerves; it covers the muscles of the *
fore-arm,  adheres  to  them, and  sends between
them several fibrous septa, which serve them for
points of insertion.
  ANTIBRACHIUM, Fore-arm.
  ANTIBRO'MIC, Antibro'micut,,   from  avn,
'against,' and 0p<apos, 'fcetor.'  A Deo'dorizer.
An  agent that destroys offensive   odours — as
chloride of zinc, simple sulphate of  alumina, Ac.
  ANTICACHEC'TIC, Anticaehec'ticus, Autica-
cochym'ic, from avn, 'against,' and /cu^fm, 'ca-
chexy.'   A remedy against cachexy.
  ANTICACOCHYMIC, Anticachectic.
  ANTICAN'CEROUS, Anticancero'stts, Anti-
cancro'sus,  Anticarcinom'atotcs,  Antischir'rous,
from avn, 'against, and  tcapicivtapa, 'cancer,' car-
cinoma.  Opposed to cancer.
  ANTICANCROSUS, Anticancerous.
  ANTICARCINOMATOUS, Anticance.-ous.
  ANTICARDIUM, Fossette du cceur,  Scrobicu-
lus  cordis.
  ANTICATAR'RHAL, Anticatarrha'lh, Anti-
catarrho'tcus, from avn, 'against,' and Karappos,
' catarrh.'  A remedy for catarrh.
  ANTICAUSOD'IC,   Aiiticausot'ic,  Anticau-
sod'icus, from avn, ' against,' and tcavoos, ' a burn-
ing fever.' A remedy for causus or inflammatory
fever.
  ANTICAUSOTIC, Anticausodic.
  ANTICHEIR, Pollex, see Digitus.
  ANTICHCERADICUS, Antiscrofulous.
  ANTICHOL'ERIC, Anticholer'icus, from avn,
'against,' and cholera.  A remedy  against cho-
lera.
  ANTICHOLERICA, Sophora heptaphylla.
  ANTICIPATING, Antic"ipans, Antepo'nent,,
Prolept'icus, (F.) Anticipant.   An epithet for a
periodical phenomenon, recurring  at  progress-
ively  shorter  intervals.  An anticipating inter-
mittent is one in which the intervals between the
paroxysms become progressively less.
  ANTICNEMIUM, Shin.
  ANTICGEUR, Scrobiculus cordis.
  ANTICOL'IC, Anticolicus, from avn, 'against,'
and KutXiKos,  ' the colic'  That which is opposed
to colic.
  ANTICOMMA, Contre-coup. 
ANTICOPE
72
ANTIMOINE
  ANTICOPE, Contre-coup.
  ANTICOPOSCOPIUM, Pleximeter.
  ANTICRUSIS, Contre-coup.
  ANTICRUSMA,  Contre-coup.
  ANTICUS, Anterior.
  ANTIDARTREUX, Antiherpetic
  ANTIDEIXIS. Counter-indication.
  ANTIDIARRHCE'IC,  Antidiarrhce'iciis.   A
remedy for diarrhoea.  Opposed to diarrhoea.
  ANTID'INIC. Antidin'icus, Diu'ic, Din'icus,
from avn, 'against,'and iivos, 'vertigo.' Opposed
to vertigo.
  AN'TIDOTAL, Antidota'lis, same etymon as
antidote.   Relating  to an antidote}  possessed of
the powers of an antidote.
  ANTIDOTA'RIUM, from avniorov, 'an anti-
dote.'  A dispensatory.  A pharmacopoeia or for-
mulary. An'tidotary was used formerly for any
composition that had  the properties of an anti-
dote.
  ANTIDOTARY,  see Antidotarium.
  AN'TIDOTE, Antid'otiim, from avn, 'against,
and ititopt, 'I give.'  Originally,  this word signi-
fied an internal remedy.   It  is now used synony-
mously with counter-poison, antiphar'macuin, (F.)
Contre-poison,  and signifies  any  remedy capable
of combating the effect of poison.

         A List of reputed Antidotes.
       1. Metals.
Iron Filings.
Zinc Filings.

       2. Acres.
Tannic Acid.
Acetic or Citric Acid.

       3. Salts.
Alkaline or Earthy Sul-
  phates.
Chloride of Sodium.
Hypochlorite of Soda  or
  of Lime.

      4. Alkaiines.
Ammonia.
Carbonates of Ammonia.
Carbonates of Soda.
Magnesia.
Carbonate of Magnesia.
Lime Water.
Chalk,
Soap.
    5. SnxpnuRETS.
Sulphuretted  Hydrogen,
  dissolved in water.
Sulphuret of Potassium.
      6. Haloids.
Chlorine.
   7. Metallic Oxides.
Hydrated Sesqui-oxide of
  Iron.
Mixed Oxides of Iron.
  8. Organic Substances.
Albuminous  Substances,
  (Albumen, Casein,  and
  Gluten.)
Starch.
Oil.

Animal Charcoal.
        AN'TIDOTUM  HERACLIDIS,  Enneaphar-
      macos—a. Mithridatium, Mithridate.
        ANTIDYNAMICA, Debilitants.
        ANTIDYNOUS, Anodyne.
 J      ANTIDYSENTER'IC, Antidysenter'icus, from
*     avn, 'against,' ivs, 'with difficulty,' and evrtpov,
      'intestine.'  Opposed to dysentery.
        ANTIEMETIC, Antemet'ic,  Antiemet'icus,
      from avn, 'against,' and tptrtKos,  'emetic'   A
      remedy for vomiting.
        ANTIEPHIAL'TIC or  ANTEPHIAL'TIC,
      Antiephialticus, from avn, 'against,' and tQtaXrns,
      'nightmare.'  A remedy for nightmare.
        ANTIEPILEP'TIC  or  ANTEPILEP'TIC,
      Antiepilep'ticus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and tirt-
      Xt)*pia, 'epilepsy.'  A remedy for epilepsy.
        ANTIFEBRILIS, Febrifuge.
        ANTIGALAC'TIC, Antigalac'ticus,  Antilac'-
      teus, from avrt,  'against,' and yaXa,  yaXatcros,
      1 milk.'  (F.) Antilaiteux.   Opposed to the secre-
      tion of milk or to diseases caused by the milk.
        ANTIG'ONI COLLYR'IUM NIGRUM, Black
      eollyrium of Antig'onus.   It was  composed  of
      cadmia, antimony, pepper, verdigris, gum Arabic,
      and water.
        ANTIGUA, see West Indies.
        ANTIH^MOPTYICUS, Anthaemoptyicus.
        ANTIHEC'TIC,  Antihec'ticus,   Anthec'ticua,
      from avn, ' against/  and  'tin, ' habit  of body.'
The Antihec'tieum Pote'rii is the white oxyd of
antimony; also called Diaphoret'icum Jovia'le.
  ANTIHELIX, Anthelix.
  ANTIHELMINTICUS, Anthelmintic.
  ANTIHEMORRHAG"IC,  Antiha-iiiorrhag"-
ictts, Anthamorrhag"icus, from avn,  ' again>t,'
and 'aipoppayta,  'hemorrhage.'  That which  ig
against hemorrhage;  an  antihemorrhagic re-
medy.
  A N TIHEMORRHOID'AL, Antihamon hoida'-
lis, from avn, 'against,' and 'aipoppotits, 'hemor-
rhoids.'  A remedy for hemorrhoids.
  ANTIHERPET'IC, Antiherpet'ictts, from avrt,
'against,'  and 'tpnts, 'herpes.'  (F.) Antidartreux.
A remedy for heapes.
  ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC,  Antihydrophob'icus,
Antilys'sus, Alys'sus, from avrt, 'against,' 'vitap,
'water,' and ipojios, 'dread.'  A remedy for hydro-
phobia.
  ANTIHYDROP'IC, Antihydrop'icus, Hydrop'-
icus, from am, 'against,' and 'viptatp,' dropsy.' A
remedy for dropsy.
   ANTIHYPNOTIC, Anthypnotic.
   ANTIHYSTERIC, Anthysteric.
   ANTI-ICTERIC,  Anti-icter'icus, Icter'icua,
from avn, ' against,' and tuTtpos, 'jaundice.'  A
remedy for jaundice.
   ANTI-IMPETIGENES,  SOLOMON'S,  see
Liquor Hydrargyri oxymuriatis.
   ANTILABIUM, Prolabium, see Antelabia.
   ANTILACTEUS, Antigalactic.
   ANTILAITEUX, Antigalactic.
   ANTILEP'SIS,  Apprehen'aio,  from 'avnXap-
j3avu>, 'I take hold  of.'  The mode of attaching a
bandage over a diseased part,  by fixing it upon
the sound parts.—Hippocrates.  The mode of
securing bandages,  Ac, from  slipping.   Treat-
ment by revulsion or derivation.
   ANTILETHAR'GIC, Antilethar'gieua,  from
avn,  'against,'  and Xndapyttcos, 'affected with
lelbargy.'  A remedy for lethargy.
   ANTILITH'ICS, Antilith'ica, Lith'ica, from
avn, 'against,'and XiBos, 'a stone.'   A substance
that prevents the formation of calculi in the uri-
nary organs.
   The chief antilithics—according as the calculi
are lithic  acid  or  phosphatic — are  alkalies or
acids; with  revellents, especially change  of air;
tonics, as diosma crenata[?], and uva ursi[?].
   ANTILLYr,  MINERAL  WATERS OF.   A
celebrated French medicinal spring, near Meaux,
in  France.  The  waters have not been analyzed;
but astonishing and chimerical effects have been
ascribed to them.
   ANTILOBIUM, Antitragus, Tragus.
   ANTILOI'MIC, Antilolmicus, Antilce'mic, An-
tipestilentia'lis, from avrt,  'against,' and Xotpos,
' the plague.'   A remedy for the plague.
   ANTILO'PUS.  The An'telope.  (¥.) Gaztlle,
from  avdos,  'a  flower,' and mxp, 'the eye' — so
called from its  beautiful eye. An African'animal,
whose hoofs and horns were  formerly given  in
hysterie and epileptic cases.
   ANTILYSSUS, Antihydrophobic.
   ANTIMEL'ANCHOLIC,  Ant imelanchol icus,
from avn,  'against,' and  ptXayXoXta, 'melan-
choly.'  A remedy for melancholy.
   ANTIMEPHIT'IC, Antimevhilicus, from avn,
'against,' and  mephitic.  A remedy against me-
phitic or deleterious gases.
   ANTIMIASMAT'IC, Antimiasntat'icus, from
 avn, 'against,  and ptacpa, uia^arot, 'miasma.*
A  remedy against miasmatic affections
   ANTIMOINE,  Antimonium —a  Beurre  d'
Antimonium muriatum—a. Chlomre d' Antimo-
nium rnuriatum-a. Oxide d', Algaroth-a. Oxid,
\blanc d , Antimonium diaphoreticum—a  Sottfr*
\ dorS d' Antimonii sulphuretum praecipit'atuni-
 a. Sulfure d, Antimonium—a. SulfurS, hydroetd. 
ANTIMONIAL
73
ANTIMONIUM
 phure rouge d', Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum
 —a. Verre d', Antimonii vitrum.
  ANTIMO'NIAL, Ah r j nomfaVi*, Stibia'lie, from
 antimonium, 'antimony.'   A composition into
 which antimony  enters.   A preparation of anti-
 mony.
  Antimo'nial  Powder,  Pulvis antimonia'lia,
 Ox'idum antimo'nii  cum phos'phate calcis, Phos-
 phas  calcis stibia'tus seu calcicum stibia'tum,
 Pulvis Jame'sii  seu stibia'tus seu de phoa'phate
 calcis et  stib'ii  compositus,  Factitious James's
 Powder, Schwanberg's  Fever Powder, Chene-
 vix's  Antimonial Powder, (F.)  Poudre antimo-
 niale composSe ou de James.   A peroxide of an-
 timony combined with phosphate of lime.  (Take
 of  common sulphuret of antimony, ft)j ; hartshorn
 shavings, Ibij.  Roast  in  an  iron pot,  until they
 form a gray powder.  Put this into a long pot,
 with a small hole in the cover.  Keep  it in a red
 heat for two hours,  and  grind to a fine powder.)
 This  preparation has long  been esteemed as a
 febrifuge:  but it is extremely  uncertain in its
 action.  The ordinary dose is 6 or 8 grains.
   ANTIMONIALE CAUSTICUM, Antimonium
 muriatum.
   ANTIMONIATUM  SULPHUR,  Antimonii
 sulphuretum praecipitatum—a.  Tartar, Antimo-
 nium tartarizatum.
   ANTIMONII  BUTYRUM, Antimonium mu-
 riatum—a. Calx, Antimonium diaphoreticum—a.
 Cerussa, Antimonium diaphoreticum—a.  et Po-
 tassae tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum—a. Mu-
 rias, Antimonium muriatum—a. Oleum, Antimo-
 nium muriatum—a. Oxydulum hydrosulphuratum
 aurantiacum, Antimonii  sulphuretum praecipita-
 tum—a. Oxydum, see Algaroth—a. Oxydum aura-
 tum, Antimonii sulphuratum praecipitatum — a.
 Oxydum nitro-muriaticum, Algaroth—a. Oxydum
 cum sulphure vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum — a.
 Oxydum  sulphuretum vitrifactum, Antimonii vi-
 trum—a. Oxysulphuretum, A. sulphuretum praeqi-
 pitatuni—a. Potassio-tartras, Antimonium tartari-
 zatum—a. Regulus medicinalis, Antimonium me-
 dicinale — a. Sal, Antimonium tartarizatum — a.
 Sulphur auratum, Antimonii sulphuretum prae-
 cipitatum— a.  Sulphur praecipitatum, Antimonii
 sulphuretum  praecipitatum — a. Sulphuretum,
 Antimonium.
  Antimo'nii   Sulphure'tum Pr^ecipita'tum,
 Sulphur antimonia'tum, Hydrosulphure'tum sti-
 bio'sum cum sulphure,  Oxo'des stib'ii sulphura'-
 tum,  Oxyd'ulum   antimo'nii   hydrosulphura'tum
 aurantiacum, Ox'ydum aura'tum antimo'nii, Sul-
 phure'tum  stib'ii oxydula'ti,  Hydrosulfure'turn
 lu'teum ox'ydi stib'ii sulfura'ti, Sulphur antimo'-
 nii  pracipita'tum, Sulphur aura'tum antimo'nii,
 Golden Sulphur of Antimony.
   Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum Pracipitatum, A. Oxy-
 sulphuretum, (F.) Soufre dorS d'Antimoine, of the
 London Pharmacopoeia, is nearly the same as the
 old Kermes or Chermes Mineral.   It is a powder
 of  an  orange colour, of a  metallic, styptic taste.
 It is emetic, diaphoretic, and  cathartic, according
 to the dose; and has been chiefly used in chronic
 rheumatism, and  in cutaneous affections.  Dose,
 gr. j to gr. iv.
  Antimonii Sulphuretum Pracipitatum, of the
 United States Pharmacopoeia, is made by boiling
 together Sulphuret of Antimony, in fine powder,
 Solution of Potassa, and distilled water ; strain-
 ing  the liquor  while hot, and dropping into  it
 Diluted Sulphuric Acid so long as it produces a
 precipitate.
  Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum  Rubrum, Red Sul-1
 phuret of Antimony,  Hydrosulfure'turn  stib'ii j
rubrum, Sub-hydrosulfas stib'ii,Hydrosulphure'-
tum  rubrum stib'ii sulphura'ti, Pulvia Carthttsia-
no'rttm, Kermes or Chermes mineral,  (F.) Hydro-
sulfure rou^e d'Antimoine  aulfuri, Vermilion de I
 Provence.  Properties the same as the last.  Dose,
 gr. j to gr. iv.
   Antimonii Tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum
 —a. Tartras et'Potassae, Antimonium tartarizatum
 —a. Vitrum hyacinthinum, Antimonii vitrum—a.
 Tersulphuretum, Antimonium.
   Antimo'nii Vitrum, Glass  of Antimony, Anti-
 mo'nii ox'ydum sulphure'tum  vitrifac'tum,  Ox'-
 ydum stib'ii  semivit'reum, Antimo'nium vitrifac'-
 tum, Ox'ydum antimo'nii cum  sulphure vitrifac'-
 tum,  Vitrum stib'ii, Antimo'nii vitrum hym-in'-
 thinum, Oxyd'ulum stib'ii vitrea'tum, (F.)  Verre
 d'Antimoine.   (Formed by roasting  powdered
 common antimony in a shallow  vessel, over a
 gentle fire, till it is of a whitish gray colour, and
 emits no fumes in a red heat; then melting it, on
 a quick fire, into a clean,  brownish  red glass.)
 It has been used  for preparing  the  tartarized
 antimony  and antimonial wine.
   ANTIMONIOUS ACID,  Antimonium diapho-
 reticum.
   ANTIMO'NIUM, of unknown derivation ;  by
 some supposed to  be from avn,  ' against,' and
 povos, 'alone;' i. e. not found alone:  or, accord-
 ing to others, from avn, 'against,' and moine, 'a
 monk;' because, it is asserted, certain monks
 suffered much from it.  Stibi, Stib'ium, Reg'ulus
 Antimo'nii, 3Iinera'lium, Gynace'um, Magne'sia
 Satur'ni, Marcasi'ta pluin'bea, Platyophthalmon,
 Stim'mi, Aurum  lepro'sum, Antimo'nium crudum,
 Antimo'nii sulphure'tum (Ph. U. S.), A. Tersttl-
 phure'turn, Sulphure'tum stib'ii nigrum, Common
 or Crude Antimony, Sulphuret of Antimony, (F.)
 Antimoitte, Sulfure d'Antimoine.   Sulphuret of
 antimony  is the ore from which all the prepara-
 tions of antimony are formed. In Pharmacy, it
 • is the  native  sesquisulphuret of antimony, puri-
 fied by fusion.  When prepared for medical use,
 by trituration and  levigation, it forms a powder,
 Antimo'nii sulphure'tum prapara'tttm,  (Ph. D.)
 of a black, or  bluish  gray colour, which is inso-
 luble.  It is slightly diaphoretic and alterative,
 and has been used in chronic rheumatism, cuta-
 neous diseases, &c.
   Antimonium Album, Bismuth—a. Calcinatum,
 Antimonium diaphoreticum.
   Antimo'nium   Diaphoret'icum,  Diaphoret'ia
 Antimony, Antimo'nious Acid, Min'eral Bez'oard,
 Antimo'nium Calcina'tum, Mineral Diaphoret'ic,
 Matiere perlSe de Kerkring, Peroxide of Anti-
 mony, Calx Antimo'nii, Antimo'nium diaphoret'-
 icum lotum, Cerus'sa Antimo'nii, Calx Antimo'nii
 elo'ta,  Oxo'des stib'ii album, Ox'ydum stibio'sttm,
 Ox'ydum stib'ii album median'te nitro eonfectum,
 Potassa biantimo'nias, Deutoxide of Antimony,
 (F.) Oxide blanc d'Antimoine prSparS  par  l«
 moyen du nitre.  (Common antimony, tt)j ; purified
 nitre, Ibiij.—Throw it by spoonfuls into a red-hot
 crucible;  powder and wash.   The flowers thai
j stick to the side of the crucible must be carefully
1 separated, otherwise  they  render  it  emetic)
 Dose, gr. x. to xxx.
   Antimonium Emeticum, A. tartarizatum.
   Antimo'nium Medicina'le, Reg'ulus Antimo'-
 nii  Medicina'lis, Medic"inal  Reg'nlns of  Anti-
 mony.  (Antimon. sulphur.  £v Potass, subcarb.
 %i Sodii chlorid. ifiv.  Powder, mix, and  melt.
 When cold, separate  the scoriae at top, powder
 the  mass, and wash it  well.)   It is concaved to
 be more active than common antimony.
   Antimo'nium Muria'tum, Antimo'nii Mu'riaa,
 Chlor'uret  of  An'timony,   Chlorure'turn  stib'ii,
 Spuma  trium  draeo'num, Detito-muriaa  stib'ii
 sublitna'tus, Butter of Antimony, Muriate of An-
 timony, Chloride of Antimony,  Buty'rvm Antimo'-
 nii seu atib'ii, O'lettm Antimo'nii, Caus'ticum ami-
 monia'le,  Antimonium salltum,  (F.)  Chlorttn
 d'Antimoine, Beurre d'Antimoine.   (Common an. 
ANTIMONY               74             ANTIPIIYSICAL
timony and corrosive sublimate, of each  equal
parts :  grind together, and distil in a wide-necked
retort,  and let the butyraceous matter, that comes
over, run, in  a moist place, to a  liquid oil.)  A
caustic, but not much used as such.  Sometimes
taken .is poison.
  Antimonium  Salitum, Antimonium muriatum.
  Antimo'nium  Tartahiza'tum, Tartras  anti-
mo'nii, Tartras Antimo'nii et Potassa, Antiiiio'-
tui el  Potassa Tartras (Ph. U.  S.),  Antimo'nii
pat as' si o-tartras, Tartris Antimo'nii, Tartar An-
ti'iionia'tiun,  Sal  Antimo'nii, Tartras Potas'sa
stibio'sus seu stibia'lis, Tartris lixiv'ia stibia'tus,
Deuto-tartras potas'sa et stib'ii,  Tar'tarns emel-
icus  seu stibia'tus, Tar'tarum emet'icum, Antimo'-
nium emet'icum, Tur'tarized An'tinnaii/. Tartrate
of Antimony and potas'sa, I'aia.-.ni%-lartrate of
Antimony, Enut'ic Tartar, Tartar Emetic, (F.)
Tartre  stibie,  Tartre EinStiqite, EmStique;  in
some parts of  the United States,  vulgarfy and
improperly called Tartar: (Made  by digesting
aulphuret of antimony in a mixture  of nitric and
muriatic acids with the aid of heat; filtering the
liquor,  and pouring  it into  water: freeing  the
precipitate from acid, by washing and drying it;
adding this powder to bitartrate of  potassa  in
boiling distilled water; boiling for  an hour, and
after filtering  the liquor  while  hot. setting it
aside to crystallize.—Ph. U. S.)   Tartarized  an-
timony is emetic, sometimes cathartic and dia-
phoretic.  Externally, it is rubefacient, and in
the form of ointment, more especially unguentum
antimonii is used to cause  pustulation. Dose, as
au emetic, gr. j to gr. iv in  solution: as  a dia-
phoretic, gr. one-sixteenth  to gr.  one-quarter.
  The   empirical   preparation,  called  Norris's
Duoi'S, consists of a solution of tartarized anti-
mony in rectified spirit, disguised  by the  addi-
tion  of  some vegetable colouring  matter.
  Antimonium Vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum.
  ANTIMONY,  Antimonium —  a.  Butter of,
Antimonium  muriatum — a. Chloride of,  Anti-
monium  muriatum — a. Chloruret  of,  Antimo-
nium muriatum — a. Common,   Antimonium —
a.  Crude, Antimonium — a. Deutoxide of,  Anti-
monium diaphoreticum—a.  Flowers  of,  Alga-
roth—a. Glass of, Antimonii vitrum—a. Golden
sulphur of, Antimonii sulphuretum praecipitatum
—a.  Medicinal  regulus of,  Antimonium medici-
na-le—a. Muriate  of, Antimonium muriatum—a.
Peroxide  of,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum—a.
Potassio-tartrate of, Antimonium  tartarizatum—
a. Sulphuret of, red, Antimonii sulphuretum  ru-
brum—a. Tartarized, Antimonium tartarizatum—
a. Terchloride of, see Algaroth — a. Teroxide of,
see Algaroth—a. Vegetable, Eupatoriutn perfoli-
atuin.
  Antimonv and  Potassa, Tartrate op,  Anti-
monium tartarizatum.
  ANTINEPHRIT'IC, Antinephret'ic, Antine-
phret'icus, from avn, 'against,' and  vttpptns, 'ne-
phritis.' A remedy for inflammation of the kidney.
  ANTINEUROPATHIC, Nervine.
  ANTINEUROTIC, Nervine.
  ANTINIAD, see Antinial.
  ANTIN'IAL, from  avn, 'against,'  and ivtov,
'the ridge of  the  occiput.'  An epithet for an
aspect  towartis  the side opposite  to  the inion, or
ri'l^e of the occiput.—Barclay.  Antiniad is used
adverbially by the same writer,  to signify ' to-
wards the antinial aspect.'
  ANTI'OCHI  HI'ERA.   A  preparation ex-
tolled by the ancients in melancholy,  hydropho-
bia, epilepsy, <tc.  It was formed of germander,
agaric, pulp of colocynth, Arabian stoachas, opo-
ponax,  sagapenum, parsley,  aristolochia,  white
pepper, cinnamon, lavender, myrrh, honey, <fec.
  Antiochi Theriaca.  A theriac employed by
Antiocb-us against every kind of poison.  It was
composed  of thyme,  opoponax,  millet, trefo.ll,
fennel, aniseed, nigella sutiva, Ac.
   ANTIODONTAL'GIC, Antodontal'gic,  Auto-
dontalgicus, Odontalgic, Odont'ic, Antiodontal-
f/icus, from avn 'against,' and oiovraXyia, ' tooth-
ache.'   A remedy for toothache.
   ANTIORGAS'TIC, Antiorgas'ticus, from avn,
'against,'and  opyato, 'I desire vehemently.'   A
remedy for orgasm or erethism, and for irritation
in general.
   ANTIPARALYT'IC, Antiparalyt'ictts,  from
avn, 'aguiust,' and vapaXvats, 'palsy.'   Opposed
to palsv.
   ANTIPARASITIC,  Antiparasit'icus,  Anti-
phtheiriacus, P\thlrius, Parasit'icide; from avn,
' against,'and  napaairos, 'a parasite.'  An agent
that destroys parasites,  as  the different vermin
that infest the  body.  The chief  antiparasitics
are Cocculus, Staphisagria,  Veratrttin album, and
certain  of  the mercurial preparations.
   ANTIPARASTATI'TIS, from avn, ' opposite,'
and irapaoTarns, ' the epididymis ;' also, ' the pros-
tate,' and itis, denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
mation  of  Cowper's glands.
   ANTIPATHI'A, from avn, 'against,' and naOos,
'passion,  affection.'  Aversion.  A natural re-
pugnance to  any person  or thing.
   ANTIPATH'IC, Antipath'icus,  (F.)  Antipa-
thique.  Belonging to antipathy.  Opposite, con-
trary,—as  humeurs ant.ipathiques; humours op-
posed to each other.  Also,  palliatives.
   ANTIP'ATRI  THERIACA, Theriac of An-
tip'ater.   A farrago of more than 40  articles:
used as an antidote against  the bites of serpents.
   ANTIPERIOD'IC, Antiperiod'irus, Antityp'-
icus, from  avn,  'against,' and  -ntpwios, 'period.'
A remedy which possesses the power of arresting
morbid periodical movements;—e. g. the sulphate
of quinia in  intermittents.
   ANTIPERISTALTIC, Antiperistal'ticua, An-
tivermic'ular, from avn, 'against,' and neeictTeXXu,
'  I contract.'  An inverted action of the intestinal
tube.
   ANTIPERIS'TASIS.from avn, 'against,'and
trtpiaraais,  'reunion,  aggregation.'   A union of
opposite circumstances:  the action  of two con-
trary qualities, one of which augments the force
of the other.  The peripateticians asserted, that
it is by Antiperistasis, that fire is hotter in wintei
than in summer.  Theophrastus  attributes the
cause, which renders man  more vigorous, and
makes him digest more readily in winter, to thfi
augmentation of heat caused by Antiperistasis.
  ANTIPER'NIUS,  from  avn,  'against,' and
Pernio,  'a chilblain.'  A remedy  against chil-
blains ;—as  Utigiicn'tum antiper'nium, an oint-
ment for chilblains.
  ANTIPERTUSSIS, see Zinci .sulphas.
  ANT1PESTILENTIALIS, Antiloimic.
   ANTIPHARMACUS, Alexipharmic.
  ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC, Antiphlogis'ticus, Phlo-
go'gus, from avn, < against,'  and ipXtyut, '  I burn.'
Opposed to inflammation;  as Antiphlogistic re-
medies, A.  regimen, &c.
  ANTIPHTHEIRIACA, Antiphthiriaca, from
avn, 'against,'  and  cp§uptau>, 'I am lousy.'  A
remedy used to  destrov lice.
  ANTIPHTHIS'ICAL,  Antiphthis'icns, from
avn, 'against,' and cp&iats,  'consumption.'  Op
posed to phthisis.
  ANTIPHYSETICS, Carminatives.
  ANTIPHYSICA, Carminatives.
  ANTIPHYS'IGAL, Antiphys'icus, from  avn,
 against, and cj>vaam,  'I blow.'  An expeller of
wind: a carminative.
  It has also been used for any thing preterna-
tural; here, the derivation is from avn, ' against,'
and epverts,  'nature.'  The French sometimes say,
Un gout antiphysique,' 'an unnatural taste ' 
ajn rii'LASi'it;            yd                 ANTRUM
  ANTIPLAS'TIC,  Anti pi as'ticus, Plast Hylic, |
Tlastilyt'icus, from avn, ' against,' and ttXacrtKos, |
'formative.'   Antiforiuativc.   An agent  that
liminishes the quantity of  plastic matter—fibrin
—in the blood.
  ANTIPLEURIT'IC,  Antiplcurel icus,  Anti-
pleuret'ic,  from avn,  'against,'  and  xXtvpms,
 pleurisy.'  (hiimsed to pleurisy.
  ANTiPNEUMON'IC, Antipneumon'ictts, from
avn, 'against,' and irvtvpwvta, 'disease or inflam-
mation of the lungs.'   A remedy  for disease or
inflammation of the lungs.
  ANTIPODAGRIC,- Antiarthritic.
  ANTIPRAX1S,  from  avn,  'against.'  and
rrpitcrt>j>, ' I act.'  A  contrary  state of  different
parts in  the  same patient: e. g. an  increase of
heat in one organ, and'diminution in another.
  ANTIPSOR'IC, Atttipso'ricus,  Antisca'bious,
from  avn, 'against,'  and t[wpa, 'the itch.'   (F.)
Antiqaleu.r.  Opposed to tbe itch.
  ANTIPUTRID, Antiseptic.
  ANTIPY'IC, Antipy'icus, from avn, 'against,'
and wov,  'pus.'  Opposed to suppuration.
  ANTIPYRETIC, Febrifuge.
  ANTIPYROT'IC,  Antipyrot'icus, from  avn,
'against,' and nvp, 'fire.'   Opposed to burns or
to pyrosis.
  ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM,  Antiquar'tium. A
temedv formerly used against quartan fever.
  ANTIQUUS, Chronic.
  ANTIRIIACHIT'IC,  Antirhachit'icus,  from
%vn, 'against,' and rachitis.  Opposed to rachitis,
or rickets.
  ANTIRHEUMATIC, Antirrheumat'icus; from
avn,  'against,'and ptvpa,  'rheumatism.'  A re-
medy for  rheumatism.
  ANTIRHINUM ACUTANGULUM, A. Lina-
ria—a. Auriculatura, A. Elatine.
  Antirhi'num Elati'ne,  A. auricula'tum, Ela-
tine, E. hasta'ta, Lina'ria elati'ne, Cymbula'ria
elati'ne, Fluellen or  Female Speedwell,  was for-
merly used against scurvy  and old ulcerations.
  Antirhiniim  Hederaceum, A. Linaria — a.
Heder&'foliuin, A. Linaria.
  Antirhi'num  Lina'ria,  A.  hedera'ceum seu
Itederafo'lium  seu  aciitan'gulum, Lina'ria, L.
vulga'ris   seu  cymbala'ria, Elatine  cymbala'-
ria,  Cyinbftla'ria  mttra'lis, Osy'ris,  Urina'ria,
Common  Toad Flax, (F.) Linaire,   Ord. Scrophu-
lariaccae.  The leaves have a bitterish taste. They
are  reputed to be diuretic and  cathartic.  An
ointment  made from them  has been extolled in
hemorrhoids.
  ANTISCABIOUS, Antipsoric.
  ANTISCIRRIIOUS. Anticancerous.
  ANTISCOLETICUS, Anthelmintic.
  ANTISCOLICUS, Anthelmintic.
  ANTISCORBU'TIC,   Antiscorbu'ticus,  from
avn, 'against,' and scorbutus, 'the scurvy.'  Op-
posed to scurvy.
  ANTISCROF'ULOUS,  Antiscroph'ulous, An-
tiscrofulu'sns,  Antistrumo'sus,  Antichverad' icus.
Opposed to scrofula.
  ANTISEP'TIC, Antisep'ticus, Anlipu'trid,
horn avn,  'against,' and anicros, 'putrid.'  Anti-
putredino'sus.  Opposed to  putrefaction.   The
chief antiseptics, internally  or  externally  em-
ployed, are Acidum  Muriaticum, Acidum Nitri-
cnm, Acidum  Sulphuricum, Alumina  sulphas,
Carbo Ligni, Calx Chlorinata, Chlorin'inm,  Cin-
chona  and its active principles, Creosote, Dauci
Radix, Fermentum Cerevisia, Soda Chlorinata,
and Zinci Ch/oridnm.
  ANTISIAL'AGOGUE, Antisialago'gus, Anti-
elalits, from  avn, 'against,'and ciaXov, 'saliva.'
A remedy against ptyalism.
  ANTISPASIS, Derivation, Revulsion.
  ANTISPASMODIC, Antispasmod'icus, Anti-
spas'ticus, from airi, 'against, and atrani, 'I con-
tract.'  Opposed to spasm.  The whole operation
of antispasmodics is  probably revulsive.  The
following are the chief reputed antispasmodics.
JEther Sulphuricus, Asafcetida, Castorettm, Drit-
contium, Moschus, Oleum Animate Dip/ielii, and
 Valeriana—with the mental antispasmodics, ab-
straction, powerful emotions, fear, <tc.  Of direct
antispasmodics, we have no example.
  ANTISPASTICUS,  Antispasmodic,  Deriva-
tive.
  ANTISQUA'MIC, Antisqua'micus ; from anti,
'against,' and squama,  'a scale.'  A name given
by Mr. Headland to a medicine, which, by acting
on the blood, removes cutaneous affections.  Tho
name is inappropriate,  as the true scaly diseases
—lepra and psoriasis—are not the only ones that
require th#use  of eutrophics.
  ANTISTASIS, Antagonism.
  ANTISTERY'G'MA, from avn, 'against,' and
ornpvypa,' a support.' A fulcrum, support, crutch.
—Hippocrates.
  ANTISTER'NUM, from  avn,  'against,' and
artpvov, ' the sternum.'   The back.—Rufus.
  ANT1STRUM0US,  Antiscrof'ulous.
  ANTISYPHILIT'IC,  Antisyphilit'icus, from
avn, ' against,'  and syphilis, ' the venereal dis-
ease.'  Opposed to the  venereal disease.
  ANTITASIS, Counter-extension.
  ANTITHENAR, Opponens  pollicis, Adductor
pollicis pedis.
  ANTITHERMA, Refrigerants.
  ANTITHORA, Aconitum anthora.
  ANTITRAG'ICUS,  Antitra'geus,  (F.) Muscle
de I'Antitragus, M. antitragien.—(Ch.)   Belong-
ing  to the antitragwis.  A  small  muscle is  so
called, the existence cf which is not  constant.
It occupies the  space between the antitragus and
anthelix.
  ANTITRAGIEN, Antitragicus.
  ANTIT'RAGUS, from avn,  ' opposite to,' and
rpayos, 'the tragus,'  Antilo'bium,  Oblo'bium.  A
conical eminence on the pavilion of the ear, op-
posite the tragus.
  ANTITYP'IA, from avn,  'against,'and rvtrrta,
' I strike.'  Resistance.  Hardness. Repercus-
sion.
  ANTITYPICUS, Antiperiodic.
  ANTIVENE'REAL, Antivene'reus, from avn,
'against,' and Venus, 'Venus.'  The same as An-
tisyphilitic. Formerly it was used synonymously
with Antaphrodisiac.
  ANTIVERMICULAR, Antiperistaltic.
  ANTIVERMINOSUS, Anthelmintic.
  ANT'LIA or  ANTLI'A,  from  avrXttv,  'to
pump out.'  A syringe; a pump.  Hence, Antlia
lac'tea, Lactisu'gium, a breast-pump; and Antlia
sanguisu'ga, Antibdel'la, Hiru'do artifieia'lis, the
exhausting syringe used in  cupping.
  Antlia Gastrica, Stomach-pump.
  ANTODONTALGIC, Antiodontalgic.
  ANTODYNUS, Anodyne.
  ANTRAX, Anthrax..
  AN THE, Antrum — a. d'Hyghmore,  Antrum
of Highmore.
  ANTROVERSIO, Anteversio.
  ANTRUM,'a  cavern,' Caiern'a, Bar'athrv.m,
(F.)  Autre.  A  name given to certain cavities in
bones, the entrance to  which is smaller  than th£
bottom.
  Antrum  Auris, Tympanum—a.  Buccinosuin,
Cochlea, Labyrinth —a. Dentale,  see Tooth —a..
Pylori, see Stomach.
  Antrum  op  Highmore,  Antrum Highmoria'.
num seu Gena seu maxilla're seu  maxilla supe-
rio'ris,  Genyan'trum, Gnathan'trum, Max'illary
Sinus, Sinus Genapitttita'rius, (F.)Antre d'Hygh-
more, Sinus Maxillaire. A deep cavity in the
substance of the superior maxillary bone com-
municating with the middle  meatus of tbe nose. 
ANTSJAR                76               APERIENT
It is lined by a prolongation of the Schneiderian
membrane.
  ANTSJAR, Upas.
  ANULARIS, Annular.
  ANULUS, Fossette.
  ANURESIS, Ischuria.
  ANURIA, Ischuria.
  ANUROCRINIE, see Ischuria,
  ANURORRHEE, see Ischuria.
  ANUS, 'a circle,' Podex, Potex, Mol'yne, Mo-
lyn'ie, Dactylios, Gath'edra, Cyr'ceon, Cys'saros,
Cysthoa,  Aph'edra, Aph'edron, Hedra,  Proctos,
Arckos, Sedes, Cuius, Cu'leon.  The circular open-
ing situate at the inferior extremity of the rectum,
by which the excrement is expelled.  The funda-
ment.   The  body.  The seat,  (F.)  SiSge, Fonde-
ment.
  Anus also signifies the anterior orifice of the
Aqueduct of Sylvius.   By some, this Anna, called,
also,  Fora'men  commu'ne  poste'rius, has  been
supposed  to  form a communication between the
back  part of the third ventricle and the lateral
ventricles.  It is closed up, however, by the tela
choroidea, and also by  the fornix,  which is inti-
mately  connected with this.  The  foramen  is
situate  between the  commissura  mollis of the
optic  thalami and the pineal gland.
  Anus, Artificial.   An opening made artifi-
cially, to supply the place of the natural anus. The
term  is often used to include preternatural  anus.
  Anus Cerebri, see Aquaeductus Sylvii.
  Anus, Contracted, (F.) Anus rStrSci.  A state
of  the  anus when, from  some cause, it is con-
tracted.
  Anus,  Imper'forate.    A malformation,  in
which there is no natural  anus.  See Atresia ani
adnata.
  Anus, Preternat'ural,  (F.) Anua contre na-
ture,  A. anormal.  An accidental opening which
gives issue to the whole or to a part of the faeces.
It  may be owing to  a wound, or, which is more
common, to gangrene attacking the intestine  in
a hernial sac.
  This term is  also employed,  as well as Anus
deviS, de'vious anus, to the case where the anus, in-
stead of being in its natural situation, is in some
neighbouring cavity, as the bladder, vagina, etc.
  ANXIETAS, Anxiety—a.  Praecordiorum,  see
Anxiety.
   ANXI'ETY,  Anxi'etas, Anxi'etude,  Adam.o'-
nia, Dyspho'ria anxi'etas, Alys'mus, Alyce, Al-
ysis,  Ase, (F.) AnxiStS, from  angere, Gr. ayxtiv,
 'to strangle, to suffocate.'  A state of restlessness
 and  agitation, with general indisposition,  and a
 distressing sense of oppression at the epigastrium,
 Anxi'etas pracordio'rum.  Inquietude, anxiety,
 and anguish, represent degrees of the same con-
 dition.
   ANYPNIA, Insomnia.
   AOCHLE'SIA, from a, priv., and oxXos, 'dis-
 turbance.'   Tranquillity,  calmness.
   AOR'TA, Arte'ria magna seu crassa  seu max'-
 ima,  Hamal Axis,  of Owen, (F.) Aorte.   This
 name was given by Aristotle to the chief  artery
 of the body.  It may have  been derived from
 aoprcopat, 'I am  suspended,' as it  seems  to be
 suspended from the heart; or from arip,  'air,' and
 rnotia, 'I keep,' because it was supposed to con-
 tain  air.   It is probable that Hippocrates  meant
 by aoprat the bronchia and  their ramifications.
 The aorta is the common trunk of the arteries of
 the body.  It arises from the left ventricle of the
 heart, about opposite to the fifth dorsal vertebra,
 passes upwards (ascending Aorta), forms the great
 arch of  the Aorta,  and  descends along the  left
 of the spine (descending  Aorta), until  it reaches
  the  middle of the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra,
 where it bifurcates, to give origin to the common
 Uiacs.  The aorta is sometimes divided into  the
Thoracic or Pectoral, and  the Abdominal.  For
the arteries which arise from it, etc., see Artery.
  AORTASIE, Aorteurysma.
  AORTECTASIE, Aorteurysma.
  AORTEURYS'MA,  from  aoprr,,  'the  aorta,'
and tvpvs, 'dilated.'  Aneurism of the Aorta, (F.)
AnSvrysme de  I'Aortc,  Aortectasie, Aortasie.—
Piorry.   By carefully auscultating  over the dor-
sal vertebrae, a bellows' sound, with a deep and
not always perceptible impulse, may be detected.
  AOR'TIC, Aor'ticus.   Relating to the Aorta.
The Aortic ventricle, (F.)  Ycntrieule Aortique, is
the left  ventricle.  The Aortic calces are the sig-
moid  valves at the origin of the Aorta, etc.
  AORTI'TIS, Ittflamma'tio Aorta, from Aorta,
and ids, denoting inflammation.   Inflammation
of the aorta.
  AORTRA, Aortron.  A  lobe  of  the lungs.—
Hippocrates.
   AO'TUS, from a, privative, and  ouy, uitos, 'an
ear.'  A monster devoid of ears.—Gurlt.
   A PAG'MA, Apoclas'ma, Apocei nulis'inenon,
from  airo, 'from,' and ayw, 'I remove.'  Separa-
tion,  abduction.  Separation of a fractured bone.
—Galenus, Foesius.
   APAGOGE, Defecation, Inductio. •
   APALACHINE, Ilex  vomitoria— a. d Feuille*
de Prunier, Prinos—a. Gallis, Ilex vomitoria.
   APAL'LAGE, Apallax'ia, from  atcaXarru),  'I
change.'   Mutation, change.   It is generally
taken in  a good sense,  and means the  change
from  disease to health.—Hippocrates.
   APALLAXIS, Apallage.
   APALOT'ICA, from  airaXorris, 'softness, ten-
derness.'   Fortuitous lesions Or deformities affect-
ing the soft parts.   The first order in the class
 Tychica,  of Good.
   APANTHESIS, Apanthismus.
   APANTHIS'MUS, Apanthe'sis, from azo,
'from,'  and avBeio, 'I flower.'   The obliteration
of parts previously inservient to useful purposes,
as  of the ductus venosus and  ductus  arteriosus,
which  are essential to  foetal existence,  but are
subsequently unnecessary.   See also Stuprum.
   APANTHRO'PIA, from ano, 'from,' and a,-
Spurnos, 'man.'  Detestation of man; desire for
solitude.—Hippocrates.  One  of  the  symptoms
of hypochondriasis.
   APAPHRISMOS, Despumation.
   APARACH'YTUM VINUM, from a, priv.,
and  napaxvtit,  'I pour over.'  The purest wine:
 that  which has not been mixed with sea-water.—
 Galen.
   APARINE, Galium aparine—a. Hispida, Ga-
 lium aparine.
   APARTHROSIS, Diarthrosis.
   AP'ATHY',  Apathla, Amelia, from a, priva-
 tive, and traSos, 'affection.'  (F.) Apathie.  Ac-
 cidental  suspension  of the moral feelings.   It
 takes place  in very severe diseases, particularly
 in malignant fevers.
   APECHE'MA, from  awo,  'from,' and irv«,
 'sound.'   Properly the action of reflecting sound.
 In medicine,  it is  synonymous with the Latin
 Contrafissura, a counter-fissure, a connter-blow.
 —Gorraeus, Celsus.
   APECTOCEPHALUS,  Acephalothorus.
   APEL'LA,  Appel'la,  Leipoder'mos, Recnti'tui,
 from a, priv.,  and pellis, 'skin.'  One whose pre-
 puce does not cover  the  glans.—Galenus,  Lin-
 naeus,  Vogel.   Retraction or  smallness of any
 other soft appendage.—Sagar.   One who is  cir-
 cumcised.
   APEPSIA,  Dyspepsia.
   APE'RIENT, Ape'riens, Aperiti'vns, from ape-
 rxre (ab andp.no), 'to open.'   Res'erans.  A
 laxaive.   (F.)  ApSritif.   A  medicine which
 gently opens  the bowels.  The term  had  for-
 merly  a much more  extensive signification, and, 
APERISTATON             77              APIASTRUM
like Catalyt'icum, was given to a substance sup-
posed to have the power of opening any of the
passages, and even the blood-vessels.
  APERIS'TATON, Aperis'tatum, from  a, pri-
vative, and lttpiarripi, 'I surround.*  An epithet
for an ulcer not dangerous nor considerable  nor
surrounded by inflammation.
  APERITIF, Aperient.
  APERITIVUS, Aperient.
  APERTOR OCULI, Levator palpebrae supe-
rioris.
  APERTO'RIUM,  from  aperio, 'I open.'  An
instrument for dilating the os uteri during labour.
  APERTURA,  Mouth —a. Anterior yentriculi
tertii cerebri, Vulva (cerebri)—a. Pelvis superior,
see Pelvis.
  APEUTHYSMENOS, Rectum.
  APEX, Mucro.  The point or extremity of a
part,—as the apex of the tongue, nose, etc.
  Apex Linguae, Proglossis.
  APH.ERESIS, Apheresis, Extirpation.
  APHALANGI'ASIS, from  a, 'intensive,'and
<?aXay$, 'phalanx.'   The fourth stage of Oriental
leprosy, which is recognised chiefly by a gangre-
nous condition of the fingers.
  APHASSOM'ENOS, from acpacraui, 'I touch, I
feel.'  The touching of the parts  of generation
of the female as a means of diagnosis.—Hippo-
crates.  See Esaphe.
  APHEDRA, Anus.
  APHEDRIA, Menses.
  APHEDRON, Anus.
  APHELI'A,  aiptXns,  'simple.'  Simplicity.
The simple manners of the sect of Methodists in
teaching and practising medicine.
  APHELX'IA, from atpeXxia, 'I abstract.'  Vo-
luntary inactivity of the whole or  the  greater
part of the external senses to the impressions of
surrounding objects, during  wakefulness.  Re-
rery,  (F.) RStxrie.  Dr. Good has  introduced
this into  his Nosology, as well as Aphelx'ia so-
cors or absence  of mind—A. inten'ta  or abstrac-
tion of mind:  and  A. otio'sa, Stu'dium ina'ne,
 Cenospu'dia, brown study or listless musing.
  APHEPSEMA, Decoction.
  APHEPSIS, Decoction.
  APHE'RESIS, Apha'resis, from  afatptia, 'I
take away.'  An operation by which any part of
the  body is separated from the other.   Hippo-
crates, according to  Foe'sius, uses the expression
Apha'resis San'guinis for excessive hemorrhage;
and Sennertus,  to express  the condition of an
animal deprived both of the  faculties of the mind
and of the mind itself.
  APH'ESIS, from  aiftinpi, 'I relax.'  A  remis-
sion.  This word expresses  sometimes the dimi-
nution  or cessation  of a disease; at others, lan-
guor and debility of the lower extremities.  See
 Languor,  and Remission.
  APHILAN'THROPY, Aphilanthro'pia, from a,
privative, (juXtia, 'I love,' and avSpurtros, 'a man.'
 Dielike to man.  Loye of solitude.  Vogel has
given this name to the first degree of melancholy.
  ' APHISTESIS, Abscess.
  APHODEUMA, Excrement.
  APHODUS, Excrement.
  APHONETUS, Aphonus.
  APHO'NIA, Liga'tio lingua, Loque'la abol'ita,
Defec'tus  loque'la, Dyspho'nia, (of some,) Aph'-
otty, (F.) Aphonie, Perte de  la Voix-, from  a, pri-
vative, and (piovn, 'voice.'  Privation of voice, or
of the sounds that ought to be produced  in the
glottis.  When aphonia forms part of catarrh or
of'cold,'it is commonly but of little consequence;
but when produced by causes  acting on the ner-
vous  system,  as by some powerful emotion, or
without any appreciable lesion of the vocal appa-
ratus,  (Laryngo-paralysis,)  it frequently resists
all remedies.
  Aphonia, Catalepsy — a.  Surdorum,  Mutitaa
^urdorum.
  APHONICUS, Aphonus.
  APIIO'NUS, Apho'nicus,  Apho'netus; same
ety.non.  Relating to aphonia.
  APHONY, Aphonia.
  APHORIA, Sterilitas.
  AFUORICUS, Sterile.
  APiIORUS^ Sterile.
  APHOR'ME, atpoppn, 'occasion.'   Tbe  exter-
nal and manifest cause of any thing.  The occa-
sional cause of a disease.—Hippocrates.
  APIIRO'DES,  'frothy,'  from  aq>pos,  'foam,'
and ttios, 'resemblance.'  Applied to the blood
and the excrements.—Hippocrates.
  APHRODISIA, Coition, Puberty.
  APHRODIS'IAC,  Aphrodisiactts, from A0po-
StTn,  'Venus,'  (F.)  Aphrodisiaqtie.  Medicine
or food believed to be capable of exciting  to the
pleasures of love;  as ginger,  cantharides,  &e.
They are generally stimulants.
  APHRODISIACUS, Venereal.
  APHRODLSIASMUS, Coition.
  APHRODISIOG'RAPHY, from Atppoitrn, 'Ve-
nus,' and ypaQw,  ' I describe.'  Etymologically,
this term means a description of the pleasures of
love, but it has been placed at the head of a work
describing  the venereal disease.
  APHRODITIC, Venereal.
  APHROG'ALA, from a<j,pos, 'foam,' and yaXa,
'milk.'  Lac spumo'sum.  A name formerly given
to milk rendered frothy by agitation.
  APHRONIA, Apoplexy.
  APHRONITRUM, Natrum, Soda.
■  APHROSYNE, Delirium,  Insanity.
  APnTHiE, Aphta, Aptha, from  airroi,  'I in-
flame."   Thrush or sore mouth, Aphtha  lactu'ci-
men seu Infan'tum,  Lactu'cimen, Lactncim'ina,
Lactu'mina, Alcola,  Em'phlysis aphtha, Ulcera
serpen'tia oris, Pus'tula  oris, Febris aphtho'sa,
Angina  aphtho'sa, Vesi&ula gingiva'rum, Sto-
mati'tia exsudatlva seu vesiculosa infan'tum, Sto-
map'yra, S.  aphtha,  Prunella, White  Thrush,
Milk Thrush.  Aphthae consist of roundish, pearl-
coloured vesicles,  confined  to  the  lips,  mouth,
and intestinal canal,  and  generally terminating
in curd-like sloughs.  In France, the Aphthae of
children, Aphthes des En fans, is called  Mnguet,
Millet, Blanchet,  Catarrhe buccal and Stomatite
crlmeuse pultacSe, Pultaceous  inflammation  of
the Mouth; and generally receives two divisions
—the mild or discreet, (F.) Magnet bSnin ou dis-
cret, and the  malignant, (F.) Mttguet malin  ou
confluent, the Black Thrush.   Common Thrush is
a disease of no consequence, requiring  merely
the use of absorbent  laxatives.  The malignant
variety, which is  rare, is of a more serious cha-
racter, and is  accompanied with typhoid  symp-
toms,— Typhus aphthotdeus.
  Aphtha Adultorum, Stomatitis, aphthous—a.
Praeputii, Herpes  praeputii—a. Serpen tes, Cancer
aquaticus.
  APH'THAPnYTE, Aphthaph'yton:  Oid'ium
alb'icans, Champignon du Muguet,  from  aq>8at,
'aphthae,' and <pvrov,  'a vegetable.'   A parasitia
vegetable growth observed in aphthoe.
  APHTHE  GANGRENEUX,  Cancer  aqua-
ticus.
  APHTHES DES ENFAN.S, Aphthae.
  APHTHEUX,  Aphthous.
  APHTHO'DES, Aphthdides, Aphthotdeus, from
aphtha, and ttios,  'resemblance.' Aphthous-like.
Resembling aphthae.
  APHTHOUS, Aphtho'sus, (F.) Aphtheux. Be-
longing to aphthae; complicated  with aphthae:
as Aphthous Fever.
  APIASTRUM, Melissa, 
APICES
APOGALACTOS
  APICES  CRURUM  MEDULL.E  OBLON-
i*ATJ3,  Corpora  striata—a. Digitorum,  Pu-
pulue.
  APILEPSIA, Apoplexy.
  A'PIOL, Apia'lum,  Parsley oil,  from apium,
'parsley,'  and oleum, 'oil.'  A  yellowish  oily
liquid, obtained  from apinm petroselinum or
parsley, which, in the dose  of  15 grains, has
been used  as an antiperiodic.
  APIONTA, see Excretion.
  API OS, Pyrus communis.
  APIS, Bee.
  API'TES, from amov, 'a pear.'  Perry.—Gor-
rajus.
  APIUM, A. graveolens—a. Ammi, Ammi — a.
Anisum, Pimpinella anisum — a. Carvi, Carum.
  A'pium  Graveolens,  Apinm,  Paluda'pium,
Br/i'num,  Ses'eli graveolens, Slum graveolens seu
apium, Smallage, (F.) Ache.  Ord. Umbelliferae.
Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia.    The plants,
roots, and seeds  are  aperient and carminative.
Selery is a variety  of this.
  Apium  Hohtense,  A. graveolens — a. Monta-
num, Athamanta aureoselinum — n. Paludapium,
A. Graveolens—a. Petraeum,Bubon Macedonicum.
  Apium  Pbtroseli'xum, Apium Horten'se seu
vttlga're.  Eleosellnutn [ ? ], Grielum, Petroseli-
num,  Common  Parsley, (F.) Persil.  The root—
Petroselinum, (Ph. U. S.)—and seeds are diuretic
and aperient.  See Apiol.
  Apium Sium, Sium  nodiflorum—a. Vulgare, A.
graveolens.
  APLAS'TIC, Aplas'ticus, from  a,  privative,
and nXaaaia,  ' I form.'  That which is not capable
of forming ;  or is not organizable.
  Aplastic  Element; one which is  unsuscep-
tible of any farther  amount  of  organization.—
Gerber.
  APLESTIA, Ingluvies, Intemperance.
  APLEU'ROS,  from a,  privative,  and irXtvpov,
'a rib.'  One without ribs, or pleurae.—Hippo-
crates, Galen.
  APLOT'OMYr, Aplotom'ia,  from airXoos, 'sim-
ple,' and rtpvia, ' I  cut.'  A simple incision.
  APNEE. Apnoea.
  APNEUMATOSIS, see Atelectasis.
  APNLU'MIA,from a,priv., and wevpuv, 'lung.'
A monstrosity in which tbere is absence of lungs.
  APNEUMONER'VIA, Apnettmoneu'ria, from
a, priv.,   icvtvpu>v,  'lung,'  and vtvpov,  'nerve.'
Want of nervous action in the lungs.
  APNEUSTIA, Apnoea, Asphyxia.
  APNCE'A, from  a, privative, and wtto, 'I re-
spire.'  (F.) Apnee,  Absence of respiration, Re-
apira'tio abol'ita ; or insensible respiration. Also,
Orthopnoea.  See Asphyxia.
  Apnce v Infantum,  Asthma Thymicum.
  APNCEASPHYXIA, Asphyxia.
  APNUS, axvoos, same etymon.  One devoid of
respiration.   An epithet  applied by authors  to
cases in  which  the respiration is so small and
slow, that it seems suspended.—Castelli.  It is
probable,  however, that the word was always ap-
plied to the patient, not to the disease.
  APO, a7ro, a prefix denoting 'from, of, off, out.'
Hence—
  APOBAMMA, Embamma.
  APOBAINON, Eventus.
  AP0BE.30MEN0N, Eventus.
  APOBIOSIS,  Death.
  APOBLEMA. Abortion.
  APOBOLE, Abortion.
  APOBRASMA,  Furfur.
  APOCAPNISMUS, Fumigation.
  APOCATASTASIS, Considentia, Restauratio.
   APOCATITARSiS, Catharsis.
   APOCATHARTIOUS. Cathartic.
   APOCECAULISMENON,  Apagma.
  APOCENO'SIS, Aposrrno'sis, from awo. 'out/
and Ktvutats, 'evacuation.'  A partial evacuation
according to some, in opposition to Cenosis, whicl
signifies a general evacuation.—Cullcu and Swe
diaur apply it to morbid fluxes.
  Apouknosis,  Abevacuatio—a. Diabetes nielli
tus, Diabetes—a. Ptyalismus mellitus, see Saliva
t;on—a. Vomitus pyrosis, Pyrosis.
  AP0CHORE0N, Excrement.
  APOCHREMMA, Sputum.
  APOCHRE.MPSIS, Exspuition.
  APOCH'YMA, from airoxeta, ' I  pour out.'  A
sort of tar, obtained from old ships, which is im-
pregnated with  chloride of sodium.  It was  used
as a discutient of tumours. — Aiilius,  Paulus,
Gorraeus.
  APOCIN GOBE-MOUCHE, Apoeynum an
drosaemifolium.
  APOCLAKMA, Abduction, Apagma.
  APOCLEISIS, Asitia, Disgust.
  APOCOPE,  from  ano, and tcowrttv,  'to  cut.'
Abscission.  A wound  with loss  of substance.
Fracture with loss of part of a bone. Amputation.
  APOCOPUS. Castratus.
  APOCRISIS, Contagion, ExcTement,  Secre-
tion.
  APOCROUS'TIC, Apocrotts'tica seu Apocrus'.
tica, (remed'ia,) from ano, 'out,'  and icpovu, 'I
push.'   An astringent and repellent.—Galenus.
  APOCRUSTICA, Apocroustic.
  APOCYESIS, Parturition.
  APOCYN, see Apoeynum Cannabinum.
  APOCYNIN. see Apocvnum Cannabinum.
  APOC'YNUM ANDROSiEMIFO'LIUM.fPh.
U. S.)  from  avo, and kviov, 'a dog,' because es-
teemed, of old,  to be fatal to dogs.  Dog's Unite,
Bitter  Dog's Bane, Milkweed, liittcrroot, Honey-
bloom,  Catchfly, Flytrap, Ip'ec.ac., Amer'ican Ipe-
cac, (¥.) Apocin  gobe-mouche, A. amir.   Ord,
Apocynaceae.   Sex.  Syst. Pentandria  Digynia.
The  root  of this  plant  is found from Canada to
Carolina.   Thirty grains evacuate the -stomach
as effectually as  two-thirds of the amount of
Ipecacuanha, by which name it is known in vari-
ous  parts of the Eastern States.  It is  in the
secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States.
  Apocynum Cannab'inum, (Ph.  U. S.) Indian
Hemp.  This American plant possesses emetic,
cathartic, diaphoretic and diuretic  properties, has
been  strongly  recommended in  dropsy,  and
has  been given in decoction,—^'J  0I" ^ne  rcf*
boiled  in three  pints of water to  two.  A wine-
glassful for a dose.  An active principle, Apocyn
or Apor.ynin, has been extracted from the root.
  Apocynum Hypericefo'licm. a variety of A.
cannabinum, which, as  well  as A. androsaemifo-
liuin, abounds  in a milky juice.  This, when ap-
plied to the skin, produces a troublesome erup-
tion  resembling flea-bites : hence, the plants have
been termed, by the  voyageurs in the Hudson's
Bay territory, Herbcs d  la puce.
  Apocynum Nov,e  Anglic Hirsutum, Ascle-
pias tuberosa—a. Orange, Asclepias tubcrosa—a
Scandens, Allamanda.
  APODACRYT'ICUS, Dclachrymatlvus,  from
airo,  ' from,' and iaxpvut, ' I weep.'  A substance,
supposed to occasion a flow of the tears, and then
to arrest them.—Columella, Plinv, Galenus
  APODEMIALGIA, Nostalgia.
  APOD'IA, from a, privative, and  ™t,s, voios,
'afoot.'  Want of feet; hence Apoua or Apua,
one who has no feet.
  A P 0 D Y T E'R I U M, Coniste'rium, Spoliate'-
rtum, Spoha'rium, from  aT0<5uu), 'I <trip off' The
ante-room, where the bathers stripped themselves
in the  ancient gvmnasia.
  APOGALACTISMUS, Weaning
  APOGALACTOS, Exuber. 
A.POGEUSIS              79             APOPLECTIC
  APOGEUSTS, Ageustia.
  APOGEUSTIA, Ageustia.
  APOGLAUCOSIS, Glaucosis.
  APOGON, Imberbis.
  APOG'ONUM, from airo, and yivopat, 'I exist.'
A living foetus in utero.—Hippocrates.
  APOLEPISIS, Desquamation.
  APOLEPISMUS, Desquamation.
  APOLEP'SIS, Apolep'sia, Apolip'sis,  from
a*oXap6avt,t, ' I retain.'  Retention, suppression.
—Hippocrates.  Asphyxia.
  APOLEX'IS, from anoXnyu, 'I cease.'   Old
age, decrepitude.
  APOLINO'SIS, from  aro, and Xtvov, 'a flaxen
thread.'   The mode of operating for fistula in
ano, by means of a thread of Homolinon or Linuin
erudttm.—Hippocrates, Paulus.             X
  APOLIPSIS, Apolepsis.
  APOLLINARIS ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus.
  APOLUTICA, Cicatrisantia.
  APOLY'S'IA, Apolysis, from aroXvw, 'Iloosen.'
Solution.   Relaxation.  Debility of the limbs or
looseness  of bandages.—Erotian.  Expulsion of
the foetus and its dependencies.   Termination of
a disease.—Hippocrates, Galen.
  APOMATIIE'MA, Apomathe' sis, from aro, and
pav&avtit, ' I learn.' Forgetfulness of things taught.
—Hippocrates.
  APOM'ELI, from aro, 'of,' and ptXt, 'honey.'
An oxymel or decoction made of honey.— Galen,
Aetius, Paulus, &c.
  APOMEXIS, Munctio.
  APOMYLE'NAS, from aropvXXaiva, 'I  make
a wry mouth.' One who pushes his lips forwards,
pressing them against each  other.  Occasionally
a symptom of nervous fever.—Galen, Erotian.
  APOMY/THO'SIS, Apomytto'sis, from anopvaaw,
' I  snore.'  A disease in which there is stertor.—
 Sauvages, Sagar.
   APOMYXIA, Nasal mucus.
   APONEUROG'RAPHY,   Aponenrogra'phim,
 from aiovtvputats,  an ' aponeurosis,' and  ypatyn,
 ' a description.'   A description of the Aponeu-

   APONEUROL'OGY, Aponeurolog" ia, from
 iTovevpiaots, 'an aponeurosis,' and Xoyos, 'a dis-
 course.'   Aponeurosiology.  The anatomy  of the
 aponeuroses.
   APONEUROSIOLOGY", Aponeurology.
   APONEURO'SIS, Aponevro'sis, from aro,
 rfrom,' and vevpov, 'a nerve.'   Pronerva'tio, De-
 ttefva'tio,  Enerva'tio,  Expan'sio nervo'sa, (¥.)
 Aponeurose, AponSvrose.   The  ancients  called
 every white part  vevpov, and regarded the Apo
 neurosis as a nervous expansion.  The Aponeu-
 roses are white, shining membranes,  very  resist-
 ing, and  composed of  fibres  interlaced.   Some
 ore continuous with the muscular fibres, and differ
 only from tendons by their flat form.   They are
 called Aponeuroses of insertion, (F.) Aponeuroses
 d'insertion, when  they are  at  the extremities of
 muscles, and attach them to the bone;—Aponeu-
 roses of intersection,  (F.) AponSvroscs d'intersee-
 tion, if they interrupt the continuity of the mus-
 cle, and are continuous on both sides with mus-
 cular fibres.  Others surround the muscle, and
 prevent its displacement: they are called envelop-
 ing Aponeuroses', (F.) AponSvroses d'enveloppe.
   Aponeurosis, Fascia—a. Crural. Fascia  lata—
 a. Femoral, Fascia lata—a. Iliac, Fascia iliaca.
   APONEUROSITIS,  from  aponeurosis, and
 itis, 'denoting inflammation.'  Inflammation of
 an aponeurosis.
   APONEUROTIC, Aponeurot'ictts.  What re-
 lates to Aponeuroses :—thus, we say Aponeurotic
 expansion, Aponeurotic muscle, Ac.
   APONEUROT'OMY,  Aponeurotom'ia,   from
 airovtvptaats,  ' aponeurosis,'  and  rtpvta, ' I cut.'
 Anatomy of aponeuroses.
  Aponeurotomy has, also, been proposed for the
division, (dSbridemetit)  of filaments,-<fec. in apo-
neurotic openings, and  for the section of fascia1.
  APONEVROSE  PEDIECSE,   see  Pedal
Aponeurosis—a. Superfieitlle de  VAbdomen el da
la Cuisse, Fascia superficialis.
  APONEVROSIS, Aponeurosis.
  APON'IA, from a, privative, and tcovos, 'pain.'
Freedom from pain.
  APONIPSIS, Ablution.
  APOPALLE'SIS, Apnpal'sis,  from 3-ronaAXv,
'I throw off.'   Expulsion.  Protrusion.—Hippo
crates.  Also, Abortion.
  APOPATE'MA, Apop'athos, Apop'atua.  Thft
excrement, and the place where it is deposited.—
Dioscorides, Erotian.
  APOPEDASIS, Luxation.
  APOPHLEGMATISANS PER NARES, Er
rhine—n. per Os, Sialogogue.
  APOPHLEGMATISAN'TIA,  Apophlegmati-
son'ta, Apophkgmatis'mi, from  airo,  ' out,' and
tpXtypa, ' phlegm.'  Medicines which facilitate tbe
upward expulsion of  mucus  from the  mucous
membrane of the digestive  or air passages;  as
gargles, masticatories,  <fec.
   APOPHLEG'MATi SM,  Apophlegmatia'mns.
 The action of Apophlegmatisantia.—Galen.  '
   APOPHLEGMATISMI,  Apophlegmatisantia.
   APOPH'RADES,  from  ar,o$pas,  ' unlucky.'
 An  epithet applied to unlucky days, (dins  ne-
 fattdi.)   Days on which a favourable change
 is not expected to occur in a disease.—A. Lau-
 ren tins.
   APOPHRANIS, Amenorrhoea.
   APOPHTHAR'MA,AjDop/t'«Ao>-«, from ano, and
 tp$tipw, ' I corrupt.'  Abortion, as well as a medi-
 cine to procure abortion.
   APOPHTHORA. Abortion.
   APOPHTHORIUS, Abortive.
   APOPHY*'ADES, from ano, 'from,' and 0iiw,
 ' I spring.'  The ramifications of veins and arte-
 ries.—Hippocrates.
   APOPHYSE BASILAIRE, Basilary process
—a. Engainaute ou vaginale, Vaginal process—
 a. Pyramidale, see Temporal Bone — a. PStrSe,
 see Temporal Bone.
   APOPHYSES EPINEUSES,  Spinous pro-
 cesses of the vertebrae.
   APOPH'YSIS, fnm airo, 'from,' and ipvta, 'I
 rise,' Ec'physie, Proces'sus, Appendix, Prominen-
 tia ossis contin'ua,  A process  of a  bone.   When
 the  apophysis  is yet separated from the body of
 the bone by intervening cartilage, it  is  called
 Epiph'ysis.  The  apophyses or processes are, at
 times, distinguished  by epithets, expressive  of
 their form : as A. styloid, A. coracoid, &c.  Others
 are  not preceded by the word  apophysis; as Tro-
 chanter, Tuberosity, Ac.
   Apoph'ysis op Ingras'sias is a term applied
 to the lesser ala of the sphenoid bone.
   Apophysis Mammillaris, Mastoid process.
   Apophysis op Rau, Grele  apophyse du Mar-
 teau: see Malleus.
   Apophysis Zygohatica,  Zygomatic process.
   APOPIES'MA, from aicoixtefy>, 'I compress.'
 Hippocrates uses  tbe term to signify a  fancied
 expression  or forcing  out of humours  by the
 application  of bandages in  wounds and frac-
 tures.
   APOPLANESIS, Error loci.
   APOPLECTIC, Apoplec'ticus.  Referring to
 Apoplexy.   This woid has various significations.
 It is applied,  1. To  individuals laboring under
 apoplexy: 2. To remedies  proper for combatirg
 apoplexy: 3. To the constitution,  temperament,
 or  make, Architecttt'ra  apnplec'tica,  Hab'itus
 apoplec'ticus seu quadra'tus seu toro'aus, which
 predisposes to it, and. 4. To the symptoms which
 characterize apoplexy; as Apoplectic sleep, A. 
APOPLECTICUS
80
APOSTASIS
stroke, A. stertor, Ac.  The jugulur veins have
also, by some, been called Apoplectic veins, Vena
apoplec'tica.
  Apoplectic Cell.   Focue  apoplec'ticua.   A
cavity remaining iu the encephalon,  after  the
effusion of blood and its subsequent absorption.
  APOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic, Apoplectic
  APOPLEXIA, Apoplexy—a. Catalepsia, Cata-
lepsia—a. Cerebralis see Apoplexy—a. Cerebri,
see Apoplexy — a. Cordis, Haemocardiorrhagia —
a. Hepatica,  Hepatorrhagia—a. Hydroccphalic.a,
Hydrocephalus internus—a. Interarachnoidealis,
Apoplexy, meningeal—a. Intermeningealis, Apo-
plexy, meningeal—a. Medullaris, Apoplexia mye-
litioa—a.  Meningaea, Apoplexy, meningeal.
  Apoplexia  Myelit'ica,  A. Medulla'ria seu
Spina'lis  seu Rachia'lis,Hamor'rhachis, Myelor-
rhag"ia,  Myelapoplex'ia, (¥.) Apoplexie de  la
Moelle  Spinilre, Hemorrhagic  de la Moelle  Spi-
niere, Hemato-mySlie, Hemo-mySlorrhagie, HSma-
torrhachie.   Hemorrhage into the spinal  mar-
row.
  Apoplexia Nervosa,  Apoplexy, nervous — a.
Nervosa traumatica, Concussion  of the brain—a.
Oculi Haemophthalmia — a. Pituitosa,  see  Apo-
plexy—a. Pulmonalis,  see Haemoptysis—a. Pul-
nionuni, see Haemoptysis—a. Renalis, Apoplexy,
renal—a.  Rachialis, A. myelitica/—a. Sanguinea,
see Apoplexy—a. Serosa, see Apoplexy—a. Sim-
plex, Apoplexy,  nervous—a. Spasmodica, Apo-
plexy, nervous—a.  Spinalis, Apoplexia myelitica
—a. Temulenta, see Temulentia.
  APOPLEXIE CAPILLAIRE, Mollifies cere-
bri— a. CSrSbrale,  Apoplexy,  IlSmorrhagie cSrS-
brale—a. du Cieur, Haemocardiorrhagia.
  APOPLEXIE  FOUDROYANTE,  'Thun-
dering Apoplexy.'  A form of apoplexy, which
is intense and rapidly  fatal.
  APOPLEXIE MEN INGE E, Apoplexy, me-
ningeal— a. de  la Moelle Epinilre, Apoplexy,
spinal.
   AP'OPLEXYr, Apoplex'ia, (Sc.) Poplesy, from
aronXriTTtiv, ' to strike with violence.'  At the pre-
 sent  day, the term apoplexy is employed by many
 writers to signify interstitial hemorrhage, (F.) HS-
 tnorrhagie interstitielle, or every effusion of blood,
 which  occurs suddenly into the substance of  an
 organ  or tissue.   Hence,  we speak of cerebral
 apoplexy, pulmonary  apoplexy, Ac. Ac.  For-
 merly  it  was always — and still is by many —
 used in a restricted  sense, to signify, in other
 words, the   train of phenomena, which charac-
 terize cerebral apoplexy.  This disease, Hamor-
 rha'gia  Cer'cbri, Aphro'nia,  Cams Apoplex'ia,
  Coma Apoplex'ia, Apoplex'ia cer'ebri sanguin'ea
 seu  cerebra'lis,  Encephalorrhag"ia,  San'guinis
 ictus, Hamatenceph'alum, Pulpez'ia, Sidera'tio,
 Apileps'ia, Morbus atton'itus, Gutta, Theophle'gia,
  Theoplex'ia, (F.) Apoplexie, A. cSrSbrale, Hema-
  toencephalte, Coup de sang, is characterized  by
  diminution,  or loss of sensation and mental ma-
 nifestation ;  by the cessation, more or less com-
  plete, of motion ; and by a comatose state,—cir-
  culation  and respiration continuing. It generally
  consists in pressure upon the  brain; either from
  turgescence of vessels, or from  extravasation of
  blood: henae the terms Hamenceph'altts, HStnor-
  rhagie cSrSbrale, and  HSmo'encephalorrhagie, ap-
  plied to  it  by some.  The general prognosis  is
  unfavourable : especially when it occurs after the
  age  of 35.   When  Apoplexy is accompanied with
  a hard, full  pulse,  and flushed countenance, it is
  called Apoplex'ia sanguin'ea, Cataph'ora Coma ;
  when with a feeble pulse and pale countenance,
  and  evidences of serous effusion, Apoplex'ia  se-
  ro'sa, A. pituito'sa, Serous Apoplexy, Cataph'ora
  hydrocephalica, Encephaloch'ysis senilis, Hydro-
  roph'alus acu'tus  senum,  HydroencephalorrhSe,
(Piorry,) Hydropisie cSrtbrale suraigue, Hydrtn
rhaqie.                      ...       ,
  In Nervous Apoplexy, Apoplex'ia nervo aa sea
spasmod'ica, A. simplex, Simple apoplexy, no le-
sion whatever may be perceptible on dissection j
although the patient may have died under all the
phenomena that are characteristic of apoplexy.
  Apoplexy,  Heat, see  Coup-de-Soled — a. of
the Heart, Hannocardiorrhagia.
  Apoplkxy,  Mf.ninge'al,  Apoplex'ia menin-
ga'a seu intermeningea'lis seu iuteraruchno'idea'-
lis, (F.) Apoplexie  mSningee, HSmorrhagie mi-
ningSe.   Hemorrhage from the meninges of the
brain or spinal marrow, generally into the great
cavity of the arachnoid.
  Apoplexy, Nervous, see  Apoplexy — a.  Pul-
mqpary, see Haemoptysis—a. Simple, A. Nervous.
  Apoplexy,  Renal,  Apoplex'ia rena'lia. A
condition of the kidney, characterized by knotty,
irregular, tuberculated eminences, some of a deep
black colour. Effusion of blood into the substance
of the kidney.
  Apoplexy, Serous, see Apoplexy—a. Spinal,
Apoplexia myelitica.
  APOPNEUSIS, Exhalatio.
  APOPNIXIS,  Suffocation.
  APOPNOE, Exspiratio.
  APOPNCEA, Exspiratio.
  APOPSYCHIA, Syncope.
  APOPTO'SIS, from  airownrno, 'I fall down.' '
A relaxation of bandages.—Erotian.
  APORRHOE,  Aporrhoea.
  APORRHQS'A, Apor'rhoe, Apor'rhysis, Dejlu'T
vium,  from anopptui, ' I flow  from.'  An emana-
tion, effluvium, contagion.—Moschion.  A falling
off of the hair, according to some.
  APORRHYSIS, Aporrhoea.
  APOSCEM'MA,  Aposcep'aia, from  avowcm*,
'I  lie down, I direct myself towards.'  Afflux of
fluids  towards a part.   Metastasis.   The  first
word has been applied to the excrements.—Hip-
pocrates, Galen.
   APOSCENOSIS, Apocenosis.
   APOSCEPARNIS'MUS, Deascia'tio, from or.
and cnceirapvov, 'a hatchet.'  Wound of the cra-
nium, by a eutting instrument, in which a piece
of the bone has  been cut out, as with a hatchet.
—Gorraeus.
   APOSCEPSIS, Aposcemma.
   APOS'CHASIS, Aposchas'mus, from airoo^aju,
' I  scarify.'  Scarifica'tion.  A slight superficial in-
cision in the skin.  Also, blood-letting.—Hipnoc
   APOS'IA, Sitis defec'tus,  from a,  privative,
and vocts, ' drink.'  Want of thirst,'absence of
desire for liquids.
   APOSI'TIA, from awo, 'from,' and anos, 'food.'
Aversion for food.—Galen.   See  Disgust.
   APOSIT'IC, Aposit'icus; the 6ame etymology,
Any  substance which destroys the appetite, or
suspends hunger.
   APOSPAS'MA, from awooirata, ' I tear or lace-
rate.  (F.) Arrachement.   A solution of continu-
 ity, especially  of a ligament; Rhegma ligamn-
 ta're, Lacera'tio  ligamenta'ria.
   APOSPHACEL'ISIS, Aposphacelis'mus, from
 awo, and agjaxeXos, ' mortification.'  Gangrene in
 wounds and  fractures, owing to the  bandage!
 being too tight.—Hippocrates.
   APOSPHINX'IS, a-ttoo-tpiyfc, constriction, com-
 pression.  The action of a tight bandage.—Hip-
 pocrates.
   APOSPONGIS'MUS, the act  of sponging foi
 any purpose.—Gorraeus.
  APOSTALAG'MA,  Apostag'ma,  from   aw,
'from, and araXa^,'I drop.' The ancient name
for tbe saccharine liquor which flows from grapei
when not yet pressed.                   &  r
  APOS'TASIS, from  a*0, and ,«m,Mt, < I st0p.' 
APOSTAXIS              81  APPAREILS DE FORMATION
The ancients had different significations for this
word.  It was most commonly used for an ab-
Ecess.  The separation of a fragment of bone by
fracture.  Removal of disease by some  excre-
tion, Ac.
  APOSTAX'IS, from airoora^u, 'I distil from.'
Staxis.   The defluxion of any humour, as of
blood from the nose.—Hippocrates.
  APOSTE'MA, from ano, 'from,' and tartjpi, 'I
settle,' or from acpiarnpi, ' I recede from.'   This
word is used by the ancients somewhat vaguely.
It meant an affection in which parts, previously
in contact, are separated from each  other by a
fluid collected between them.  The moderns re-
gard it as synonymous with Abscess.  Some, even
of the moderns, have applied it to any watery
tumour,  and even to tumours in general.
  Apostema Cerebri, Encepbalopyosis—a.  Em-
pyema, Empyema—a. Parulis, Parulis—a. Pha-
langum,  Fourchc—a. Psoaticum, Lumbar abscess.
  APOSTEMACION, Abscess.
  APOSTERIG'MA,  from  anoorripifa,  'I  sup-
port.'  Anything that supports a diseased part,
as  a  cushion, a  pillow,  Ac.—Galen.  A deep-
seated and inveterate disease of the intestines.—
Hippocrates.
  APOS'THIA, Leipoder'mia, from a, privative,
and TrooVia, 'prepuce.'  Want of prepuce.
  APOSTHUME, Abscess.
  APOSTOLE, Extractum.
  APOSTOLO'RUM  UNGUEN'TUM, Dodeca-
  har'macum, Ointment of the Apostles. So called,
  ecause  as  many solid ingredients entered into
its  composition as there were  apostles.  It con-
tained several resins and gum-resins, yellow wax,
oil, vinegar, verdigris, Ac, and was formerly em-
ployed as a vulnerary.
  APOS'TROPHE, from  airo, and  arpeqXo, 'I
turn.'  An aversion or disgust  for food.—Paulus.
Also, the  direction of humours towards other
parts.
  APOSYRMA, Abrasion, Desquamation.
  APOTELES'MA, from airo, and rtXeapa, 'com-
pletion.'  The result or termination of a disease.
See, also, Amuletum.
  APOTHANASIA, see Death.
  APOTHE'CA, Pharmace'um,Pharmacopo'lium,
from airo, and ndnpi, 'to place.' Any place where
things are kept, and therefore 'a shop,' and par-
ticularly a  wine cellar. A place or vessel wherein
medicines are kept.  See Pharmacopolium.
  APOTHECARIES' HALL.  The Hall of the
Corporation or Society of Apothecaries of Lon-
don,  where  medicines are  prepared and sold
under  their  direction,  Ac.   This Company ob-
tained a  charter of incorporation in the 15th year
of James the First.  No general practitioner can
establish himself in England or Wales, without
having obtained a license from  the Court of  Ex-
aminers of the Company.                  ,
  APOTH'ECARY, Apotheca'rius, Dispensa'tor,
Pharmacopo'la,  Pharmacopoe'us,  Pharma'ceus,
Pharmacett'ta, Pigmenta'rius, Rhizot'omus, My-
ropo'les,  Myropo'lua, Pharmacter,  Pharmacur'-
gicus, Pharmacur'gus, PharmaceuHist, same deri-
vation, (Prov.) Pot'ecary, (Sc.) Pottingar, (F.)
Apothicaire,  Pharmacien,  Pharmacopole.  In
every country except Great Britain, it means one
who sells drugs, makes up prescriptions, Ac.  In
addition  to  these offices, which, indead,  they
rarely exercise, except in the case  of their own
patients,  the Apothecaries in  England form  a
privileged class of practitioners — a kind of sub-
physician.  See Surgeon-apothecary.
  APOTHERAPEl'A, Apotherapi'a, Apothera-
j  en'sis, from airoSepawevw, (airo  and  Btpairtvoi,) 'I
cure.'  A perfect cure.—Hippoc.  In the ancient
Gymnastics, it meant the  last part  of the exer-
cises:—the friction, inunction,  and bathing, for
 the purpose of obviating fatigue, or curing dis-
 ease.—Galen,  Gorraeus.
   APOTHERAPEUSIS, Apotherapeia.
   APOTHER'MUM, from airo, and $eppV, 'heat.'
 A pickle made of mustard, oil,  and vinegar.—
 Galen.
   APOTH'ESIS,  from airon&vpi,  'I  replace.'
 The position  proper to be given to a fractured
 limb, after reduction.
   APOTHICAIRE, Apothecary.
   APOTHICAIRERIE (F.), from  airoBwn, 'a
 warehouse, shop.'  The same as Apotheca; also,
 a gallipot.  See Pharmacopolium.
   APOTHLIM'MA, from  airo,  and $Ae/?a>, 'I
 press from.'   Anciently, the dregs, arid some-
 times the expressed juice,  Succus expres'sus, of
 plants.—Gorraeus.
   APOTHRAU'SIS, from  airo&pavu, 'I break."
 Fracture of a bone, with spicula remaining.  Ex-
 traction of a spiculum of bone.—Gorraeus.  Also,
 Abscission.
   APOTILMOS, Evulsion.
   APOT'OKOS, from  a™, and-™™,  'I  bring
 forth.'  An abortive foetus.—Hippocrates.
   APOTOME, Amputation.
   APOTOMIA, Amputation.
   APOTROP.EUM, Amuletum.
   APOTROPE, Aversion.  Also, deviation — as
 of a limb—Parat'rope,
   APOXYSMUS, Abrasion.
   APOZEM, Decoction.
   APOZESIS, Decoction.
   APPARA'TUS,  Parasceu'e, from  ad and joo>
 rare,  ' to prepare.'   This wprd signifies a collec-
 tion of instruments, Ac, for any operation what-
 ever.   (F.) Appareil.
   In  Surgery, it means the methodical  arrange-
 ment of all the instruments and objects necessary
 for an operation or dressing.  By extension, the
 French  give the name Appareil, Capsa chirur'-
 gica, to the case or drawers in which the appara-
 tus is arranged.
   Apparatus has  likewise  been applied to the
 different modes of  operating for the stone.  See
 Lithotomy.
   In Physiology, Apparatus, VF.) Appareil, is ap-
 plied  to a collection of organs, all of which work
 towards the same end.  A system of organs com-
 prehends  all those  formed  of a similar texture.
 An apparatus  often comprehends organs of very
 different nature.  In the former, there is analogy
 of structure; in the latter, analogy of function.
   Apparatus  Altus, see Lithotomy.
   Apparatus  Immov'able  (F.), Appareil immo-
 bile, Immovable Bandage, Permanent Bandage.
 An apparatus for  fractures, which  is generally
 formed  by wetting the bandages in some sub-
 stance, as starch or dextrin, which becomes solid,
 and retains the parts in situ.
   Apparatus  Lateralis,  see  Lithotomy — a.
 Major, see Lithotomy—a. Minor,  see Lithotomy,
   APPAREIL,  Apparatus, Bottler — a. Diap-
 noglne, see Perspiration — a. Grand, see Litho-
 tomy — a. Haut, see Lithotomy — a. Immobile,
 Apparatus, immovable—a. Lacrymal, see Lachry-
 mal passages—a. LateralisS, see Lithotomy—a
 NSvrothlle, see NSvrothlle — a. Petit, see Litho-
 tomy—a. Pigmental, Pigmental apparatus.
  APPAREILS DE FORMA TION (¥.).  Gall
 admits, in the brain, two  kinds of  fibres; the
 one, divergent, proceeding  from the  cerebral
 peduncles to the convolutions, and  constituting
 what he calls appareils deformation: the other)
 convergent, and proceeding from the convolution!
 to the centre of the organ, constituting what  he
calls appareila  de rSunion.  The first, as a whole,
form the organs of the mental faculties; the latter
are commissures, which unite parts of the organ
that are double and in pairs. 
APPAUVR1
82
APYROMELE
  APPAUVRI, Impoverished.
  APPENDICE, Appendix — a. Cacal, Appen-
dix vermiformis caeci—a. Digital, Appendix ver-
miformis caeci — a. Sous-sternale, Xiphoid carti-
lage — a. Sns-spheno'idale  du cerreatt, Pituitary
gland—a. Xiphoide, Xiphoid cartilage.
  Appi.mucks Coli AdiposjE, Appendiculae epi-
ploicae—a. Ejiijiloiqites, Appendiculae epiploicae.
  APPENDICULA CEREBRI, Pituitary gland
— a. Vermiformis caeci, see Appendix — a.  Epi-
ploica, Epiploic appendage.
  APPENDIC'ULiE  PINGUEDINO'SiE, A.
Epiplo'ica,  Epip'loic append'ages,  Appen'dices
coli adipo'sa, Fim'bria canto'sa coli, Supplemni'-
ta eptjilo'ica,  Omen'tula,  (F.) Appendices Epi-
ploiqnes.  Prolongations of the peritoneum be-
yond  the surface of the great intestine, which
are analogous  in  texture  and arrangement to
omenta.
  APPEN'DIX, Epiph'ysis, from appendere, (ad
and pendere, 'to hang,') 'to  hang  from.'   Any
part that adheres to an organ or is continuous
with it:—seeming as if added to it.  An append-
age;  an apophysis, (F.) Appendice,  Annexe.
  Appendix  Auriculae,  see  Auricles of the
Heart—a. Cerebri, Pituitary gland — a. ad Cere-
brum, Cerebellum — a.  Cutanea  Scpti  Narium,
Statica Septi Narium—a. to the Epididymis, Vas-
culum aberrans—a. Ventriculi, Duodenum.
  Appendix  Vermifor'mis, Appendic'ula  Ver-
mtfor'mis  Ca'ci, Tubus  Vermieula'ris Caci, Ec'-
phyas, Additamen'tum Coli, Appen'dix Caci, (E.)
Appendice vermiforme, A.  cacal ou digital.  A
vermicular process,  the size  of a  goose-quill,
which  hangs from  the intestine  caecum.  Its
functions are unknown.
  Appendix Vesice, see Bladder, sacculated.
  APPENSTO. see Analeptia.
  AP'PETENCE, Appeten'tia, from  appetere, (ad
and petere,) ' to desire.'  An ardent, passionate
desire for any object.
   APPETIT. PERTE D', Anorexia.
   AP'PETITE, Appetltus, Appeten'tia, Appeti"-
tia, (ad and petere,) 'to seek,' Cupldo, Orex'is,
 Orme :  same etymology as the last.   An internal
sensation, which warns us  of the necessity of ex-
erting certain functions, especially those of diges-
tion and generation.  In the latter case it is called
venereal appetite,  (F.) Appetit vSnSrien: in the
former, simply appetite, (F.) Appetit ou Appeti-
tion.  If the desire for food, occasioned by a real
want, be carried to a certain extent, it is  called
 hunger, when solid food is concerned; thirst, when
liquid.  Appetite and hunger ought not,  how-
 ever, to be employed synonymously:  they are
 different degrees of the same want. Hunger  is
 an imperious desire :  it cannot be provoked, like
 the appetite. It is always allayed by eating: but
 not so the appetite; for, at times, it may be ex-
 cited in this manner.   They are very generally,
 however, used synonymously.
   Appetite, Morbid, Limosis.
   Ap'petite, Vene'real,  Venereal desire,  (F.)
 Le gSnSsique, Amour physique, Sens  gSnital.  The
 instinctive feeling that attracts the sexes towards
 each other to effect the work of reproduction.
   APPETITUS CANINUS, Boulimia—a. Defi-
 ciens, Dysorexia.
   APPLE,  ADAM'S, Pomum Adami—a. Bitter,
 Cucumis  colocynthis—a.  Cnrassoa, Aurantium
 curassaventium—a. Dead  Sea, see Quercus infec-
 toria—a.  Eye, see Melon—a. of the Eye, Pupil
 —a.  Mad, see Quercus infeotoria—a. May, Podo-
 phyllum peltatum — a.  of  Peru, Datura stramo-
 nium—a. Root, Euphorbia corollata—a.  of Sodom,
 •ee Quercus infe'etoria.
   Apple Tea, Apple water.  Slice two  large, not
 ITer-ripe apples, and pour over a pint of boiling
water.  After an hour, pour off the fluid, and, if
necessary, sweeten with sugar.
  Apple Tree, Pyrus malus.
  APPLICA'TA, from applicare, (adand plicare,
' to fold,') «to apply.'  A word, unnecessarily in-
troduced into  medical  language,  to express the
objects which are applied immediately to the sur-
face of the body, as clothes, cosmetics, baths, Ac.
—Halle\
  APPLICATION, Applica'tio, (same etymon,)
in a moral signification, is synonymous with at-
tention.  Also, the act of applying one thing to
another; as the application of an apparatus, of
a bandage, blister, Ac.
  APPREHEN'SIO, frdm ad  and  prehendere,
'to take.'  This word  is employed  iu  various
senses.   It  means  catalepsy or  catoche.— Paul
Zacchias.  A kind of bandage for securing any
part.   Also, a therapeutical indication.
  APPROCHE, Coition.
  APPROXIMATION, Approxima'tio, from aci
and proximtts, 'nearest.'  Ettmuller gave this
name to a pretended method of curing  disease,
by  making it pass  from man into some animal or
vegetable, by  the aid of immediate contact.
  APRAC'TA, from a, priv., and irpatraut, 'I act.1
 Without action.  An epithet for the parts of ge-
neration, when unfit for copulation or generation.
  APRICATIO, Insolation.
  APRICOT, Prunus Armeniaca.
   APROCTUS, see Atretus.
   APRONIA, Tamus communis.
   APROSO'PIA,  Triocephalia, from  a,  priv.,
and irpoatoirov,  ' the face'  A malformation, which
consists  in the face being deficient.
   APROSOPUS, Microprosopus.
   APSINTHIA'TUM,  from  arjstvSiov,  'worm-
wood.'   A sort of drink made of wormwood,
—Aetius.
   APSINTHITES, Absinthites.
   APSYCHIA, Syncope.
   APSYCHISME, Idiotism.
   APSYCHY, Syncope.
   APSYXIA, Syncope.
   APTHiE, Aphthae.
  APTYTS'TOS, from a, priv., and irruw, 'I spit.'
Devoid  of expectoration.   An epithet given to
certain pleurisies, in which there is no expectora-
 tion.—Hippocrates.
   APUS, see  Apodia.
   APY'ETOS, from a, priv., and mov, 'pus.' An
external affection, which does not end in suppu-
ration.
   APYIQUE, Apyros.
   A'PYOS, from  a, priv., and irvov, 'pus.' (F.)
Apyique.  That which  does not afford pus.
   APYRECTIC, Apyretic.
   APYRENOMELE, Apyromele.
   APYRET'IC, Apyret'icue, Apyrec'tic, Apyrec'-
 ticus, Apyr'etus, from  a, priv.,  and  irvp, 'fire,
 fever.'   Without fever.  This epithet is given to
 days in which there is no paroxysm of a disease,
 as  in the  case of an intermittent, as well as to
 some local affections which do not induce fever.
 Urticaria is sometimes  called an apuretic exatt-
 them.                            rj
   APYREX'IA, A'pyrexy. The same etymology.
 Absence of fever;  Dialem'ma, Dialeip'sis, Din-
 lip axa, Tempua intercalate,  Interval'lum,  Inter-
 mia ato.   Apyrexia is the condition of an inter-
 mittent fever between the paroxysms : the dura-
 tion of  the  apyrexia consequently depends on
 the type of «the intermittent  Occasionally, the
 term  has been applied to the cessation of the
 febrile condition in acute diseases.
   APYROME'LE  Apyrenome'le, from  a, priv.,
 irvpnv, 'a nut,' and uVXn, ' a  sound.'  A sound o
 probe, without a button or na*. It i, £e ifefo'lj 
AQUA                   83           AQUA  SALUBRIS
Specil'lum  auricula'riurn or Auricular sound of
Galen.
  AQUA,  Urine,  Water — a.  Aeidi  carbonici,
Acidulous water — a. Acidula  hydrosulphurata,
Naples water (factitious)—a. Aeris fixi, Acidu-
lous water (simple) — a. Alkalina oxymuriatica,
Eau de Javelle — a. Aluminis composita, Liquor
aluminis compositus—a. Aluminosa Bateana, Li-
quor aluminis compositus—a. Ammoniae, Liquor
ammoniae—a. Aeetatis ammoni«e, Liquor ammo-
nia? aeetatis — a.  Ammoniae carbonatis, Liquor
ammoniae subcarbonatis — a. Ammoniae caustica,
Liquor ammoniae—a. Amnii, Liquor Amnii.
  Aqua  Amygdala'rum Concentra'ta, A. amy-
dulit'rum amara'rum, (F.) Eaud'Amandes amlrea,
 Water of bitter almonde.  Made by bruising well
two pounds  of bitter almonds; adding, whilst
triturating, ten pounds of apring water, and four
pounds of alcohol; letting the mixture rest in a
well-closed vessel, and then distilling two pounds.
Used instead of the Aqua  Laurocerasi, and the
Hydrocyanic acid.  It must be given with great
caution.
  An Aqua  amyg'dala ama'ra, Bitter Almond
water, has been introduced into the last edition
of  tbe  Ph.  U.  S., 1851,  (01.  amygdal.  amar.
Wl  xvj ;  Magnea. Carbon. JJj; Aqua Oij.)   Dose,
f|ss.
  Aqua Anethi,  see Anethum  graveolens — a.
 Anisi, see Pimpinella  anisum — a. A nisi Fortis,
 Spiritus  anisi — a. Aquisgranensis,  see  Aix-la-
 Chapelle— a. Auditoria, Cotunnius, Liquor of—
a.  Aurantii,  see Cituus  aurantium — a. Azotica
oxygenata, Aqua nitrogenii protoxydi—a. Balsa-
mica arterialis,  Aqua  Binellii—a. Bareginensis,
BarSges water—a. Barytae Muriatis, see Baryta,
muriate  of— a. Bellilucana, Balaruc waters — a.
 Benedicta, Liquor calcis — a. Benedicta compo-
 sita, Liquor calcis compositus—a. Benedicta Ru-
 landi, Vinum antimonii tartarizati.
   Aqua Binel'lii, Acqua Binelli, Aqua Balsam'-
 ica arte'ia'lis, Binelli's styptic, (F.) Eau de Bi-
 nelli.  A celebrated Italian haemostatic, invented
 by one Binelli.  Its composition is unknown, but
its  virtues have  been  ascribed  to creasote; al-
though there is  reason for believing it to possess
no  more activity than cold water.  Aqua Monte-
rossi, (F.) Eau de Monterossi, appears to be  of
analogous  composition.
  Aqua  Borvonensis,   Bourbonne-les-Baines,
mineral waters of—a. Bristoliensis, Bristol water.
  Aqua Brocchie'rii, Acqua Brocchieri, Broc-
 chieri or Brocchiari water, Brocchieri's styptic,
 (F.) Eau de  Brocchieri, Eau styptique de Broc-
 chieri.   A supposed styptic,. which,.|nade  much
 noise at  Paris at one time.  It is de%)id of effi-
 cacy.  Dr. Paris found nothing in it  but water
 perfumed by some vegetable essence.
  Aqua  Calcari.e ust.*, Liquor calcis—a. Cal-
 cis, Liquor Calcis—a.  Calcis composita, Liquor
 calcis  compositus — a.  Camphorae, Mistura cam-
 phorae—a. Camphorata, Bates's, see Cupri sulphas
 —a. Carbonatis  sodae acidula, Acidulous  water,
 simple — a. Carui, see Carum Carui — a. Cassiae,
feee Laurus cassia—a. Catapultarum, Arquebusade,
 eau d'—a. Chlorini, see Chlorine.
  Aqua   Cinnamo'mi,   Cinnamon  water,  (Sc.)
 Catinel water, Distilled water of Cinnamon Bark.
 Prepared also in the following manner.  01. Cin-
ttant. f^ss;  Magnea. Carbon. 5Jj ; Aq.  destillat.
 Oij.  Rub tho oil  and carbonate of magnesia;
add the water gradually, and  filter.  (Ph. U. S.)
  Aqua  Cinnamomi Fortis, Spiritus Cinnamomi
—a. Colcestrensis, Colchester, mineral waters of.
  Aqua  Colora'ta, 'coloured water.'  A  name
given to a prescription in which simple coloured
water is  contained. Used in hospital cases, more
especially, where & placebo is demanded.
  Aqua  Cupri Ammoniata, Liquor c a.—a. Cu-
pri  vitriolati composita,  Liquor cupri sulphatis
composita—a. inter Cutem, Anasarca—a. Destil-
lata, Water, distilled.
  Aqua Fabro'rum, 'Water of Smiths.' Water in
which  hot iron has been  quenched.  A feeble
chalybeate.
  Aqua Florum Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium
—a. Fluviatilis, Water, river.
  Aqua Fcenic'uli, Fennel water.   The distilled
water of fennel seed.   It may be  prepared also
like the aqua cinnamomi.
  Aqua Fontana, Water, spring—a. Fortis, Ni-
tric acid—a. Goulardi, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis
dilutus—a. Hepatica, Hydrosulphuretted water
— a. Hordeata, Decoctum hordei — a. Imbrium,
Water, rain—a. Infernalis, see  Toddy—a. Inter-
cus, Anasarca — a.  Inter Cutem,  Anasarca — a.
Juniperi composita, Spiritus juniperi compositus
—a. Kali, Liquor potassae subcarbonatis—a. Kali
caustici,  Liquor  potassae—a. Kali  praeparati,
Liquor  potassae  subcarbonatis — a.  Kali  puri,
Liquor potassae — a. Kali subcarbonatis, Liquor
potassae subcarbonatis—a. Labyrinthi, Cotunnius,
liquor of—a. Lactis, Serum lactis — a. ex. Lacu,
Water, lake—a. Lauro-cerasi, see Prunus Lauro-
cerasus—a. Lithargyri acetati  composita, Liquor
plumbi subacetatis  dilutus — a. Luciae, Spiritus
ammoniae succinatus—a.  Marina, Water, sea—a.
Medicata, Water, mineral.
  Aqua Mentha Piperi't^e, Peppermint Water.
The distilled water of peppermint.  It may be
prepared like the aqua cinnamomi.
  Aqua Menthje Piperitidis Spirituosa, Spi-
ritus menthae piperitae—a.  Menthae pulegii, see
Mentha pulegium—a. Menthae viridis, Spearmint
water,  see Aquae menthae  piperitae—a.  Menthae
vulgaris spirituosa, Spiritus menthae  viridis—a.
Mineralis, Water, mineral—a.  Mirabilis, Spiritus
pimenta? — a. Monterossi, see Aqua Binellii — a.
Mulsa, Hydromeli — a. Natri  Oxymuriatici, Li-
quor sodae chlorinatae — a.  Neapolitana, Naples
water,  (factitious) — a. Nephritica, Spiritus my-
ristica.
  Aqua  Nitrogen'ti  Protox'ydi, Protox'ide
of Nitrogen Water, Aqua  azot'ica  oxygena'ta,
Searle'a patent oxyg"enous aerated water.  A pa-
tent solution of protoxide  of  nitrogen, said to
contain five times* its  own bulk of gas.  It has
been recommended as a nervine, and excitant in
nervous conditions, dyspepsia, Ac.  It  has also
been used in cholera, and to counteract the evil
consequences of drunkenness.  The dose is fj|vj,
or ^viii, two or three times a day;  or, in dys-
pepsia, as a beverage between  meals.
  Aqua Nivata, Water, snow—a. Nueis inoscha-
tae,  Spiritus myristicae—a.  Ophthalmica, Liquor
zinci  sulphatis  cum camphora — a. Paludosa,
Water, marsh—a. Pedum, Urine — a. .Pericardii,
see  Pericardium — a. Phagedenica, see  Hydrar-
gyri Oxymurias—a. Picea, see  Pinus sylvestris—
a. Picis, see Pinus sylvestris — a.  Pimentae, see
Myrtus Pimenta — a. Plumbi, Liquor  Plumbi,
subacetatis dilutus—a. Pluvialis, Water, rain—a.
Potassae', Liquor potassae—a. Pulegii, see Mentha
pulegium—a. Pulegii spirituosa, Spiritus pulegii
—a. Putealis, Water, well—a. ex  Puteo, Water,
well—a. Rabelli, Elixir acidum Halleri—a. Raph-
ani  composita, Spiritus armoraciae  compositus —
a. Regia, Nitromuriatic acid.
  Aqua Ros^e, Rose Water, Rhodostag'ma,  (Ros.
centtfol. Ibviij :  Aqua cong. ij. M.  Distil a gallon
-Ph. U. S.)
  Aqua Salubris, Water, mineral—a. Sa'mouci,
see  Sambucus—a. Sappharina,  Liquor cupri am-
moniata—a. Saturni, Liquor plumbi subacetatis
dilutus—a. Sclopetaria, Arquebusade  eau d'—a.
Seminum anisi composita, Spiritus anisi—e. Semi-
num carui fortis, Spiritus  carui—a.  Sodae efferves-
eens, Acidulous water, simple—a. Soteria, Water, 
AQUJE  ACIDULA
84
AQUIPAROUS
mineral—a. Stygia, Nitro-muriatic acid—a. Styp-
tioa, Liquor cupri sulphatis composita—a. Sul-
phurata simplex, Hydrosulphuretted water—a.
Sulphureti ammoniae, Liquor fumans Boylii — a.
Thediana, Arquebusade eau  d'—a. Theriacalis
Bezoardica,  Chylostagma diaphoretioum  Minde-
reri—a. Tofana, Liquor  arsenicalis — a. Tosti
panis, Toast  water — a. Traumatica Thedenii,
Arquebusade eau d'—a. Vegeto-mineralis, Liquor
plumbi subacetatis  dilutus — a. Viciensis, Vichy
water — a. Vitriolica camphorata,  Liquor zinci
sulphatis cum camphora,— a. Vitriolica caerulea,
Solutio sulphatis cupri composita—a. Vulneraria,
Arquebusade  eau  d' — a. Zinci  vitriolati cum
camphora, Liquor zinci sulphatis cum camphora.
   AQUiE  ACIDUL2E, Acidulous  waters—a.
Badiguae, Bath, Mineral waters of—a. Badizae,
Bath, Mineral waters  of—a. Bathoniae, Bath,
 Mineral waters of—a.  Buxtoniensis, Buxton, Mi-
neral waters of—a. Calidae, Aigues caudee—a.
Cantuarienses, Canterbury, waters of—a. Chaly-
beatae, Waters, mineral, chalybeate.
   Aqu.4:  Destilla't^e,  Hydrola'ta, Distilled
 Waters,  (F.) Hydrolats.  These are  made  by
putting  vegetable  substances, as  roses, mint,
pennyroyal, Ac,  into a still with water, and
drawing off as much as is  found to possess  the
 aromatic properties of the plant.  To every gallon
 of the distilled water, 5 oz. of spirit should be
added to preserve it. The simple distilled xoaters
are sometimes called Aqua stillatil'ia sim'plices :
 the spirituous, Aqua stillatilia  spirituo'-sa,  but
more commonly Spir'itus.
   Aqtjje Ferrosa5, Waters, mineral, chabybeate.
   Aquje Martiales, Waters, mineral, chalybeate.
   Aqujc Medica'ta:, Medicated waters include, in
 the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, prepara-
 tions consisting of waters impregnated with some
 medicinal substance, which are not arranged in any
 other class.  Among these are the " Waters," and
 " Distilled waters" of the British pharmacopoeias.
   Aqu.e Metus, Hydrophobia—a. Minerales aci-
 dulae—a. Waters, mineral, gaseous—a. Minerales
 ferruginosae, Waters, mineral, chalybeate—a. Mi-
 nerales sulphureae, Waters, mineral, sulphureous
 —a. Stillatitiae, Aquae destillatse—a. Solis, Bath,
 mineral waters of.
   AQU^DUC'TUS, Aq'uectuct, from aqua, 'wa-
 ter,' and ducere, ductum, ' to lead.'  (F.) Aque-
 duc.  Properly, a  canai  for conducting water
 from  one place to another.  Anatomists have
 used it to designate certain canals.
   Aqu./EDuctus  Cerebri, Infundibulum of  the
 brain—a. Cotunnii,  Aquae ductus vestibuli.
   Aqu^educ'tus Cocu'lbm, (F.) Aqueduc du Li-
 macon: — a very narrow canal which proceeds
 from the tympanic scala of the cochlea to  the
 posterior edge of the pars petrosa.
   Aqu^duc'tus Fallo'pii, Cana'lia Fallo'pii,
 Canal apirdide del'os temporal of Chaussier, (F.)
 Aqueduc de Fallope.  A canal in the pars petro-
 sa of the temporal bone, which extends from the
 meatus auditorius internus to the foramen stylo-
 mastoideum, and  gives  passage  to -the facial
 nerve.  The opening into this aqueduct  is called
 Hia'tua Fallo'pii, H.  Cana'lia Fallo'pii, Fiaau'-
 ra  Cana'lia  Fallo'pii, Fora'men  Tari'ni,   F.
 anon'ymum Ferrein'ii.
   Aqu^iduc'tus  Syl'vti,  Cana'lia  eminen'tia
 quadrigem'ina, Iter ad quartum ventric'ulum  seu
 d ter'tio ad quar'tum ventric'ulum, Cana'lia me'di-
 ua, (F.) Aqueduc de Sylviua, Oanal intermldiare
 dea ventriculea of Chaussier. A canal forming a
 communication between  the third and fourth
 ventricles of the brain.  The ventricular opening
 is termed anua cer'ebri.
   Aqu^educ'tus VestiB'uli, Aquaductua Cotun'-
 nii, Canal of Cotun'niua, (F.) Aqueduc du veatibule
 ou Aqueduc de  Cotugno.  This begins in the ves-
tibule, near the common orifice of the two semi-
circular canals, and opens at the posterior surface
of the pars petrosa.
  AQUALIC'ULUS, from aqualis, 'a water-pot'
That part of the abdomen  which extends from
the umbilicus to the pubes.   See  Hypogastrium.
It has also been applied to the stomach or intes-
tinal canal.
  AQUAS'TER.  A word used,  by Paracelsus,
to express the visions or hallucinations  of pa-
tients.
  AQUEDUC, Aqueduct—a. de Cotugno, Aqua-
ductus vestibuli—a. de Fallope, Aquaeductus Fal-
lopii — a. du Limacon, Aquaeductus cochleae — a.
de Syhius, Aquaeductus  Sylvii—a. du Vestibule,
Aquaeductus vestibuli.
   AQUEDUCT, Aquaeductus.
   A'QUEOUS,  A'queus,  Aquo'sus,  Hydato'des,
Hydro'dea,  from  aqua,   'water,'  (F.) Aqueux,
Watery.  The  absorbents  or lymphatics  are
sometimes called, in France, Conduita ou Canaux
aqueux.
   Aqueous Humour op the Eye, Humor aquo'.
sus,  Ooei'des,  Oo'des, HydatoVdes, Hydato'des,
 Ova'tua seu Ovifor'mia humour, Albugin'eous hu-
mour, (F.) Humeur aqueuse.  The limpid fluid
which fills the two chambers of the eye, from the
cornea to the crystalline, and which is, conse-
quently, in contact with  the two surfaces of the
iris.  Quantity, 5 or 6 grains: s. g. 1.0003.  It
contains albumen, chloride of sodium, and phos-
phate of lime in small quantity; and is enveloped
in a fine membrane:—the membrane of the aqueous
humour, Tunica propria  seu Vagina  seu Mem-
 bra'na seu Oap'sula humo'ris a'quei seu Mem-
 bra'na  Demuria'na seu  Descemet'ii, Membrane
of Demoura or of Deacemet; although  these last
terms are by some appropriated to a third layer
of the cornea.
   AQUEUS, Aqueous.
   AQUIDUCA, Hydragogues.
   AQUIFOLIUM, Ilex  aquifolium — a. Foliia
deciduis, Prinos.
   AQUILA, Hydrargyri submurias, Sulphur.
   The  alchymists  used  this word for sublimed
sal ammoniac, precipitated mercury, arsenic, sul-
phur, and the philosopher's stone.  See Hydrar-
gyri Submurias, and Sulphur.
   Aq'uila  Ccelest'is;  a  sort of  panacea, of
which mercury  was a constituent.
   Aq'uila Lach'rymjE; a liquor prepared from
several ingredients, especially from calomel.
   Aq'uila  Philosopho'rum.  The alchymists,
whose terms were always mysterious, called mer-
 cury thua when reduced to its original form.
   Aq'uiA  Ven'eris ;  an  ancient preparatioiii
made by subliming verdigris and sal ammoniac.
   AQUILA VEN.&, Temporal veins.
   AQUILE'GIA, A. vulga'ria seu sylves'tris sen
 Alpi'na, Common Colombine or  Columbine, (F.)
 Ancolie.  Order, Ranunculaceae.   From aquila,
 ' the eagle,' owing to some fancied resemblance of
 the spurs to talons.  The  seeds, herb, and flowers
 were formerly  used in jaundice  and cutaneous
 diseases. They are still retained in many of the
 Pharmacopoeias of continental Europe.
   Aquilegia Alpina, Aquilegia.
   Aquilegia Canadensis, Wild Columbine, u
 indigenous, and flowers in April and June.  Th«
 seeds are said to be tonic.
   Aquilegia Sylvestris, Aquilegia —a.  Vul-
 garis, Aquilegia.
   AQUILIC'IA  SAMBU'CINA,  from aqua,
 'water, and elicire, 'to attract,' because it growa
 ui moist places. [?]  An East Indian plant, the
 decoction of whose root is used in indigestion to
 allay heartburn.
   AQUIP'AROUS, (F.)  Aquipare, from aqua,
 'water, and pario,  'I bring forth.'  An epitb?* 
AQUO-CAPSULITIS         85              ARANEOSUS
for glands which, like the parotid, secrete much
water, in contradistinction to  the submaxillary
glands, which are muciparoua.
  AQUO-CAPSULITIS, Aquo-membranitis.
  AQUO MEMBRANI'TIS, Keratoirl tia,Aquo-
eapsulltia, Hydromeningi'tia.  Inflammation of
the anterior chamber of the eye.  A badly com-
pounded term, denoting inflammation of the cap-
sule or membrane of the aqueous humour.
  AQUULA, Ceratocele, Hydatid, Hydroa — a.
Acustica, Cotunnius, liquor of.
  Aquula seu Aqua  Morgagnii.  The minute
portion of water which escapes when an opening
is made into the capsule of the crystalline.
  AQUULA VITREA AUDITIVA, Vitrine au-
ditive.
  ARA PARVA, a small altar;—a kind of band-
age invented by Sostratus, which  represents the
corners of an altar.—Galen.
  AR'ABE ; a wound, a blow.—Erotian.
  ARAB'ICA ANTID'OTUS HEPAT'ICA, Ar'-
abic Hepat'ic An'tidote.  A powder composed of
myrrh, costus, white pepper, Ac.  It was admi-
nistered in new wine.
   ARAB'ICUS LAPIS.  A sort of white marble,
analogous to alabaster, found in Arabia.  It was
regarded as absorbent  and desiccative, and was
employed in hemorrhoids.
   ARABIS BARBAREA, Erysimum barbarea.
   AR'ABIS  MALAG'MA.   An  antiscrofulous
medicine, composed of myrrh, olibanum, wax,
sal ammoniac, iron pyrites, Ac.—Celsus.
  ARABISTS, see Arabs, medicine of the.
  AR'ABS, MEDICINE  OF  THE.  The Ara-
bians  kept the torch of medical science illumi-
nated during a dark period of the middle ages.
Before the year of the Hegira, they had schools
of  medicine;  but these were most flourishing
during the 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries.  The
chief additions made by them to medical science
were in the departments of pharmacy and in the
description of diseases.   Their principal writers
were Avicenna, Serapion, Averrhoes, Hali Abbas,
Moses Maimonides, Avenzoar, Rhazes, Albucasis,.
Ac.   The disciples of the Arab school were called
Ar'abiata.
  ARACACHA, Conium moschatum.
  ARACHIS AFRICANA, A. hypogea—a. Ame-
ricana, A. Hypogea.
  Ar'achis Hypoge'a, A. America'na seu Afri-
ca'na, Arachni'da hypogea, Ground nut, Pea nut,
Earth almond, (S.)  Mane; erroneously called
Pistachio nut, in the South; Pindars of the West
Indies.  Ord. Leguminosae. Cultivated in the
Southern  States.  The seeds are oily, and are
eaten. A  kind  of inferior chocolate may be
made of them.
  ARACH'NE, apaxvt), 'a spider,'  'a cobweb.'
Hence, Arachnitis, Ac.
  ARACHNIDA HYPOGEA, Arachis hypogea.
  ARACHNI'TIS. more properly Arachnoiditis,
Arachnodei'tis,  Inflammation of the Arachnoid.
A variety of phrenitis.
  ARACHNODEITIS, Arachnitis.
  ARACH'NOID, Arachno'ideus, Arachno'des,
from apaxvn, 'a cobweb,' and etios, 'form, resem-
blance.'  Resembling a spider's web.
  Arachnoid Canal, see Canal, arachnoid.
  Arachnoid op  the Eye.  The lining  mem-
brane of a cavity, supposed by  some to exist be-
tween  the sclerotic and choroid.
  Abach'noid Membrane, Meninx  me'dia  seu
eero'aa, Tu'nica ara'nea  seu  crystallina,  Me-
nitt'gion.   A name given to several membranes,
which, by their extreme thinness,  resemble  spi-
der-webs.   Celsus  and  Galen  called  thus  the
membrane of the vitreous  humour,— the tunica
hyaloidca.  Tho  moderns use it now for one of
the membranes of the brain, situate between the |
 dura mater and pia mater.   It is a serous mem-
 brane, and composed of two layers; the external
 being confounded, in the greater part of its extent,
 with the dura mater, and, like it, lining the inte-
 rior of the cranium and spinal  canal;  the other
 being extended over the brain, from which it is
 separated by the pia mater, without passing into
 the  sinuosities between  the convolutions, and
 penetrating into the interior of  the brain by an
 opening at its  posterior part under the corpus
 callosum.  It forms a part of the investing sheath
 of the nerves, as they pass from the encephalic
 cavities.  Its chief uses seem to be:—to envelop,
 and, in some measure, protect the brain, and  to
 secrete a fluid for the purpose of keeping it in a
 state best adapted for the proper performance of
 its  functions.
  ARACHNOIDITIS, Arachnitis.
  ARACK', Arrack;  (East Indian.)  A spiritu-
 ous liquor made in India in various ways, oftea
 from rice, sometimes from sugar fermented along
 with the juice of the cocoa nut; frequently from
 toddy, the juice which flows from the cocoa-nut
 tree by incision, and from  other substances.  It
 is a strong, heating spirit.
  Arack, Mock, is made by adding J)ij of Ben-
 zoic acid  to a quart  of rum.  The celebrated
 Vauxhall punch is made with such arack.
  ARACOUCHINI, Icica aracouchini.
  ARACUS AROMATICUS, Vanilla.
  AR'ADOS,  Apaios.   The agitation excited in
 the stomach by the coction  of aliments  of differ-
 ent nature.—Hippocrates.   Likewise, the motion
 produced by cathartics.
  AR^OMA, Interstice.
  ARAEOMETER, Areometer.
  AR^iOT'ICA, from  apatoio, 'I rarefy.'  Medi-
 cines supposed to have the  quality of rarefying
 the humours.  See Rarefaciens.
  ARAKI, see Spirit.
  ARALIA CANADENSIS, Panax quinquefo-
 lium.
  Ara'lia His'pida, Dwarf Elder, Ord. Aralia-
 ceae, is said to be diuretic, and has been recom-
 mended, in decoction, in dropsy.
  Ara'lia Nudicau'lis, Nardua  America'nua,
 Small  Spikenard, Wild Liq'uorice, Sweet root,
 Falae or  Wild Samaparil'la, (F.)  Petit nard.
 This American  plant is said to be a mild stimu-
 lant and diaphoretic, and has been recommended
 as a substitute for sarsaparilla.  It is used, also,
 as a tonic.  It is in  the secondary list of the
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States.
  Ara'lia Racemo'sa, American Spikenard, has
 the same properties as A. Nudicaulis.
  Ara'lia Spino'sa,  Angelica Tree, Prickly
 Ash,  Toothach Tree,  Spikenard  Tree, Prickly
 Elder, Shotbush, Pigeon Tree. Its properties are
 not clear.  The berries, and a tincture of them,
 have  been employed, it is  said, successfully in
 toothach:  A  spirituous infusion has also  been
 used in  colic.  The bark is officinal in the Phar-
 macopoeia of the United States.
  ARANEA, Araneae  Tela — a. Tarentula, see
 Tarentula.
  ARA'NEA  TELA, Ara'nea,  Ara'neum,  Cob-
 web, (F.) Toile d'AraignSe.   Formerly, this sub-
 stance was much employed, and supposed to pos-
 sess  extraordinary virtues,  especially when ap-
 plied  to the wrists.  It has been recently used
 again in intermittents.  The spider itself, soft-
 ened into a plaster and applied to the forehead
and temples,  is said by Dioscorides to prevent
ague.   Cobweb is a mechanical styptic, and is so
applied at times.
  ARANEO'SA URI'NA.  A term applied  to
the  urine when loaded with filaments, like  cob
webs.
  ARANEO'SUS  (PULSUS); a term employed 
ARANEUM                8fi               ARCHIATER
to express extreme weakness of pulse ; when the
movements resemble those of a delicate net raised
by the wind.
  ARANEUM. Araneae Tela.
  Ara'neum Ulcus, Astnkil'loa.  A name given
by Paracelsus  to a malignant, gangrenous ulcer,
extending from the feet to the legs.
  ARARA, Myrobalanus citrina.
  ARASCON,  Nymphomania, Satyriasis.
  ARATRUM. Vomer.
  ARAUCARIA  DOMBEYI, Dombeya excelsa.
  Alt BOISE,  Arbutus unedo.
  ARBOL DE LECHE, Galactodendron utile.
  ARBOR BENIYI, Benjamin—a.  Indica, Lau-
rus cassia—a.  Maris, Coral—-a.  Thurifera,  Juni-
perus Lycia — a.  Uteri Vivificans, Palmae uteri
plicatae.
  Akbor  Vit*:,  (F.) Arbre de  vie.  A  name
given to an arborescent appearance, observed  on
cutting the cerebellum longitudinally; and which
results from the  particular arrangement of the
white  substance with  the cineritious.   Also, the
Thuya occidentalis.
  Arbor Vit.b, American, Thuya occidentalis—
a. Vitae Uterinus, Paling uteri  plicatae—a. Vitae
of the Uterus, Palmae uteri plicatae.
  AR'BORES.  A morbid  alteration of the skin,
which precedes its ulceration.  Ruland.
  ARBORIZA'TION, Arborisa'tio, (F.) Arbori-
aotion, from arbor, arboris, 'a tree.'   The  figure
or appearance of a tree  or  plant.  The capillary
vessels, when  injected,  as  in inflammation, fre-
quently appear under the form  of Arborizations.
  ARBOUSIER. Arbutus unedo.
  ARBRE DE VIE, Arbor Vitae.
  ARBUSCULA GUMMIFERA BRAZILIEN-
SIS, Hypericum bacciferuin.
  ARBUTUS, A. Unedo —a. Trailing, A. Uva
ursi, Epigaea repens.
   Ar'butus Uva Ursi, Arctostaph'yloa Uva ursi,
Maira'nia uva ursi.  Ord. Ericaceae.  Sex Syst.
Decandria Monogynia.   (F.) Bnsserolle ou Rai-
sin d'Oura.  The leaves — (Uva Ursi, Ph. U.  S.)
—of this plant are tonic and astringent, and have
been employed, chiefly, in diseases of the urinary
organs, and also as a parturifacient.  Dose of the
powder from gr.  xv to ^ss.  The English names
are Trailing  Ar'butus,  Bear's  Whortleberry  or
Bearberry, Mountain-box,  Redberry, Upland
 Cranberry, Foxberry, Checkerberry, (Sc.) Braw-
 lins.
   Ar'butus Une'do, Ar'butus, Andrach'ne, Une'-
 do, U. papyra'cea, Kopapos,  (F.)  Arboiisier, Ar-
 boise.  A  decoction of the leaves is  astringent,
 and has been  used in diarrhoea.
   ARC, Arch, Arena, (F.)  Arc, Arcade (diminu-
 tive).  Any part of the body resembling an arch
 in form; as the  Arch of the colon, (F.) Arc  du
 colon,—the transverse portion  of that intestine :
 --Arch of the Aorta, Arcus aor'ta,  (F.) Crosse
 de I'Aorte, Ac, the turn  which  the aorta takes in
 the thorax.
   ARCA ARCANORUM,  Hydrargyrum—a. Cor-
 dis, Pericardium.
    ARCADE, see Arc—a. Anastomotique, Arch,
 anastomotic—a. Crurale, Crural  arch—a. Ingui-
 nale,  Crural  arch—a. Orbitaire, Orbitar  arch—
 a. Pitbienne,  Pubic arch—a. Zygomatique, Zygo-
 matic arch.
    ARCADES DENTAIRES, Dental  arches —
 a. Palmairea, Palmar arches.
    ARCADI-TEMPORO-MAXILLAIRE, Tem-
  poralis.
    ARC/E'US or ARCCE'US, BALSAM OF, (F.)
  Baunie d'Arcveue.  A kind of soft ointment used
  in sores, contusions, Ac.   It is made by melting
  two parts of mutton suet, one part of hog's lard:
turpentine and rosin, each one part and a halfj
straining and agitating till cold.
  ARCANSON, Colophonia.
  ARC VNUM. from area,  'a chest.   A soerct,
a nostrum, A quack or empir'ical med'icine, (F.)
Arcane.  A  remedy whose  composition  is kept
secret;  but  which is reputed to  possess  great
efficacy.                                   .
  Arcanum   Corallinum,  Hydrargyri  nitnco-
oxydum — a. Duplicatum, Potassae sulphas — a.
Tartari, Potassae acetas.
  ARCEAU, Arculus, Cradle.
  ARCEUTHOS,  Juniperus communis.
  ARCH, ANASTOMOT'IC, (F.) Arcade Anasto-
motique, is the union of two vessels, which anas-
tomose by describing a curved line.  The vessels
of the mesentery anastomose in  this manner.
  Arch  of  the Aorta, see  Aorta—a. Crural, see
Crural arch — a.  Femoral,  see Crural arch—a.
Gluteal,  see Gluteal aponeurosis—a. Haemal, see
Haemal arch—a. Inguinal, see Crural arch—a. Or-
bital, see Orbitar arch—a. of the Palate, see Palate
bone—a. of the Pubis, see Pubic arch—a. Subpu-
bic, see  Subpubic arch—a.  Superciliary, see Su-
perciliary arches—a. of a Vertebra, see Vertebrae—
a. Zygomatic, see Zygomatic arch.
   Arches  of  the  Palate.  These  are two  in
number on  each side of  the throat, one of which
is termed anterior, the other poaterior.
   The anterior  arch arises from  the  middle of
 the velum palati,  at the  side of the uvula, and is
fixed to the edge  of the  base of  the tongue.
   The poaterior arch has its origin, likewise, from
 the side of the uvula, and  passes downwards  to
 be inserted into the side of the pharynx.  The
 anterior arch contains the circumflexu's palati,
 and forms  tbe isthmus  faucium.   The posterior
 arch has within it the  levator palati,  and be-
 tween the arches  are the tonsils.
   ARCHjE'US, Arche'ua, from apxv, 'commence-
 ment,'  (F.) Archee.  A word invented  by Basil
 Valentine,  and afterwards adopted by Paracelsus
 and Van Helmont.  The latter used it for the
 internal principle of our  motions and actions.
 This archaeus, according to Van Helmont, is an
 immaterial  principle, existing in  the seed prior
 to fecundation, and presiding over the  develop-
 ment of the body, and over all organic pheno-
 mena.   Besides this chief archaeus, whose seat
 Van Helmont placed in  the upper orifice  of the ,
 stomach, he admitted  several  of  a  subordinate
 character, which  had to execute its orders; one,
 for instance, in  each organ,  to  preside over  its
 functions;  each of them being  subject to anger,
 caprice, terror, and every human  feeling.
   ARCHANGEL, NEW, MINERAL SPRINGS.
 About twenty miles to the north of New Arch-
 angel,  Sitka Island, on the N. W. coast of North
 America, are some thermal sulphureous waters,
 the temperature  of one of which  is upwards of
 153°- of Fahr.  They are much celebrated.—Sir
 Geo. Simpson.
    ARCHANGELICA, Lamium album—a. Offici-
 nalis, Angelica.
    ARCHE, apxv, Inil'ium, Princip'ium, Primor'-
 dium, Ori'go, lnva'aio.  The first attack of a dis-
 ease.
    ARCHECPTOMA, Proctocele.
    ARCHE"E, Archaeus.
    ARC HELL, CANARY, Lichen roccella.
    ARCHELOG"IA, from apxv, 'beginning,' and
 Xoyoj, 'a discourse.'  A treatise on fundamental
 principles—of medicine, for example.
    ARCHEN'DA. A powder of the leaves of the
 hgustrum,  used by the Egyptians after bathing,
 to obviate  the  unpleasant odour of  the feet.—
 Prosper Alpinus.
    ARCHIA'TER,  Archia'true,  ProtomeA'km, 
ARCHIGENI MORBI         8
Protia'troa, from  apx<>>, 'I am first,' and tarpos'
' physioian.'   The  original  signification of this
word is a matter of dispute.  Some consider, with
Mercurialis, that it meant physician to a prince,
king, emperor, Ac.; others, with C. Hoffmann, ap-
ply it to every physician \vho, by his situation,
is  raised above his colleagues.  The former opi-
nion seems  to have  prevailed — Archiatre dea
Rois de France being  applied to the chief physi-
cian to the kings  of France.
   ARCHIG"ENI MORBI.   Acute diseases; be-
cause they hold  the first rank:  from apxn, 'be-
ginning,' and yivopat,  'I am.'
   ARC III M AG I A, Chymistry.
   ARCUINGEAY, MINERAL  WATERS OF.
Archingeay  is  situate in France, three leagues
from St. Jean d'Angely.  The waters  are prized
in all diseases.  They seem to contain carbonate
of lime, a little chloride of sodium, carbonate of
iron, and some bitumen.
   ARCHITECTURA  APOPLECTICA,  Apo-
plectic  make.
   ARCHITIS, Proctitis,  Rectitis.
   ARCHOCELE, Proctocele.
   ARCHOPTOMA, Proctocele.
   ARCHOPTOSIS, Proctocele.
   ARCHORRHA'GIA, from apxos, 'the  anus,'
 and ptu>, 'I flow.'  Archorrhce'a.   Hemorrhage
 from the anus.
   ARCHORRHfEA, Archorrhagia.
   ARCHOS, Arcus, Rectum.
   ARCHOSTEGNO.MA,  Stricture of the Rectum.
   ARCHOSTEGNOSIS,  Stricture of the Rectum.
   ARCHOSTENOSIS, Stricture of the Rectum.
   ARCHOSYRINX,  Fistula in ano.
   AR'CIFORM,  Arcifor'mis, - from  arx,  arcis,
 'a top or ridge,' and forma, 'shape.'  An  epi-
 thet given to  certain fibres, Fibra arciform'ea,
 of the anterior pyramids of the  medulla  oblon-
 gata, which take a curved course  around the in-
 ferior extremity of each corpus olivare and ascend
 towards the cerebellum.
   ARCTA'TIO, Arctitu'do,  from  arcto, 'I make
 narrow;' Augusta'tio,  Coarcta'tio, (F.) RStrScis-
 eement.  Contraction of a natural opening or of a
 canal, and especially of the vulva, of the  orifice
 of the uterus, or  of the intestinal canal.  Consti-
 pation, (see  Stegnosis.)  Reunion by  suture or
 infibulation. — Scribonius  Largus,  Paul  Zac-
 chias,  Ac.
   ARCTITUDO, Arctatio.
   ARCTIUM, A. lappa—a. Bardana, A. lappa.
   Arctium  Lappa.   The root and seed of the
 Clit'bur, Barda'na, KpKiiov, Arctium, A. barda'na
 seu majus seu minus seu tomento'sum,  I'laphis,
 Lappa glabra, Lappa major seu persona'ta, Per-
 s^la'ta,  Persolla'ta,  Persoln'ta,  Burdock,  (Old
 Eng.)  Clithe, Cuckold, (F.) Bardane, Glouteron,
 Herbc aux teigneux.  Ord. Compositae.  Sex. Syst.
 Syngenesia aequalis.  Root, Lappa (Ph. U. S.),
 diuretic;  seed, cathartic.  It  has been used in
 decoction in diseases of the  skin and in syphilis.
   Arctium Majus, A. lappa—a. Minus, A. lappa
 —a. Totnentosum. A. lappa.
   ARC'TOPUS ECHINA'TUS.  A  South Afri-
 can plant, Ord. Umbelliferae, which is demulcent
 and diuretic, somewhat approaching sarsaparilla.
 The decoction of the root is employed in syphilis,
 lepra,  and chronic  cutaneous affections  of all
 kinds.
   ARCTOSTAPHYLOS  UVA URSI,  Arbutus
 uva ursi.
   ARCTU'RA, from  arcto,  'I straighten.'   The
 effects of a nail  grown into the  flesh,  Arctu'ra
 unguis.  See Onychogryphosis.
   Arctura Unguium. The growing in or inver-
 sion of the nails.  See Onychogryphosis.
   ARCUA'TIO,  Concava'tio.  An anterior gib-
 bosity or projection of the sternum.
7               ARENATIO
  ARCUEIL,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.  An
cueil is  about  one league  south of Paris.   Tho
water contains carbonic acid, carbonate of lime,
sulphate of lime,  chloride  of sodium,  and some
deliquescent salts.
  A celebrated society held its meetings at this
village,  of which Berthollet, Humboldt, La Place,
Ac, were members.
  ARCULA CORDIS, Pericardium.
  ARCUL^l.  The Orbitar Fossae:  irotXiits.—
Rufus of Ephesus.
  ARC'ULUS, diminutive  of arcus, 'an arch.'  A
small arch; a cradle,  (F.) Arceau, Archet.  A
semicircular box  or basket used for  preventing
the bod-clothes from coming in contact with in-
jured or diseased parts.  An ordinance  of the
Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade mothers to sleep
with an  infant near them, unless it was* ut under
a solid cradle.
  ARCUS MEDULLARIS, Fornix—a. Senilis,
Gerotoxon — a. Subpubicus, Subpubic arch — a.
Superciliaris, Superciliary arches—a.  Unguium,
see Nail—a. Zygomaticus, Zygomatic arch.
  ARDALOS, Excrement.
  ARDAS, Excrement.
  ARDENT, Ardens, from ardere, 'to burn.'
  Ardent Fever, (F.) Fievre ardente.  Causus,
Synocha, or inflammatory  fever.
  Ardent or Inflamed Eyks, (F.) Yeux ardens.
The eyes are so called  when injected red.
  Ardent Urine, (F.) Urine ardente.  Urine of
a deep  red.
  ARDESIA HIBERNICA,  nibernicus lapis.
  ARDEUR, Ardor—a. du  Cceur, Cardialgia—
a. d'Estomac, Ardor ventriculi,  Pyrosis — a. de
la  Fievre,  Ardor Febrilis—a.  d\Urine, Ardor
Urinae.
  AR'DOR,  (F.)  Ardeur.  Heat.  A feeling of
burning, of violent heat; JEstus, JEstua'tio, Catt-
so'ma.
  Ardor Febri'lis,  (F.) Ardeur de la Fievre.
The hot period of fever.
  Ardor Stomachi, Pyrosis.
  Ardor Uri'nje, (F.) Ardeur d'Urine. A scald-         $$
ing sensation occasioned by the urine in passing
over the inflamed mucous membrane of the ure-
thra, or over the  neck of the bladder.
  Ardor Venereus, Heat.
  Ardor  Ventric'cli,  Ebullil'io   Stom'achi,
Heartburn, (Sc.)  Heartaxes, Heartscald, Hersket,
(F.)  Ardeur  d'Estomac.   See  Cardialgia  and
Pyrosis.
  A'REA, 'a  void place,' 'an open surface,'  A
Latin word used  by some  authors to designate a
variety  of Alopecia, in which the hair changes
colour,  but does  not fall  off; also, Porrigo de-
calvans.
  Area Germinativa, Tache embryonnaire.
  Area Pellu'cida. An elliptical depression in
the ovum, filled with a pellucid fluid, in the cen-
tre of which is the germ.
  Area Vasculo'sa, see  Circulus venosus.
  ARE'CA.   The fruit—Are'ca  nut, Betel nut—
of  Are'ca  Cat'echu  seu Faufel, Caun'ga;  Ord.
Palmae; Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia; (F.)
Arec, is astringent and tonic, and enters into the
composition of the Betel, the great masticatory
of the Orientals.
  Areca Catechu, see Areca — a.  Faufel, see
Areca.
  AREFAC'TION, Arefac'tio, Xeran'sis, Spavins,
from arefacere,  'to  make dry,' (arere, 'to dry,'
and faccre, 'to make.')   The process of drying
substances, prior to pulverization.
  ARENA, see Gravel.
  ARENAMEN, Bole Armenian.
  ARENA'TIOj   Inhuma'tio, Chosis,  Sand or 
ARENGA SACCHARIFERA     88       ARGEMONE  MEXICANA
Earth Bath;  from arena, 'sand;'  Saburra'tio.
The application of hot sand to the body.  Pedi-
lu'via [?] of sand were formerly used in Ascites.
  ARENGA SACCHARIFERA, see Toddy.
  ARENO'SA  URI'NA,  Sandy  Urine.  Urine
when it deposits a sandy sediment.
  ARENO'SUS, Sabulous. Also, one who passes
sandy urine.
  ARENULA, see Gravel.
  ARE'OLA.  A  diminutive  of Area,  (F.) Aire.
Anatomists  understand  by  Areola  the inter-
stices between the fibres composing organs,  or
those existing  between laminae, or between ves-
sels which interlace with each other.
  Areola  is also applied to the  coloured circle
Halo, Halos, which  surrounds the nipple, Are'-
ola papilla'ris, and which becomes much darker
during  pregnancy; as well as to the circle sur-
rounding  certain vesicles, pustules, Ac, as the
pustules of the  small-pox, the vaccine vesicle,
Ac. Chaussier, in  such cases, recommends the
word Aure'ola, (F.)  AurSole.
  Areola Papillaris, see Areola—a. Tubercles
of the, see Mamma.
  ARE'OLAR, Areola'ria.  Appertaining to  an
areola.
  Areolar Exhalations are those  recremen-
titial secretions which are effected within the
organs  of sense, or  in parenchymatous struc-
tures—as the aqueous, crystalline, and vitreous
humours, Ac.
  Areolar Tissue, Cellular Tissue.
  AREOM'ETER, Araom'etcr,  Gravim'eter, Al-
coolom'eter, Alcoom'eter, Aerostat'ic Balance, from
apaios, 'light,'andptrpov, 'measure:' i. e. 'measure
                  of lightness.'   An  instrument
                  so   called because   first em-
                  ployed to take the specific gra-
                  vity of fluids lighter than water.
                  The Areometer of BaumS, which
                  is the most used in Pharmacy,
                  particularly in France, consists
                  of a  tube of  glass,  largely
                  expanded  towards its  inferior
                  extremity, and terminating  be-
                  low by a small ball,  containing
                  mercury or lead,, which serves
                  it as a  balance, so that it may
                  remain upright  in  the fluid
                  This tube is furnished with a
                  graduated scale.  If the fluid
                  into which the  Areometer  is
                  plunged be heavier than water,
                  the instrument rises; if lighter,
                  it  sinks.  There  are  various
                  Areometers,  as  those  of   the
                  Dutch, of Fahrenheit, Nichol
                  son, Ac.  The Areometer is also
                  called Hydrom'eter,  (F.) ArSo-
                  mltre, Plse-liqueur.
                    There are some hydrometers
                  which  have a general applica-
                  tion for determining  the spe-
                  cific gravities  of liquids — as
                  Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's,Guy-
                  ton de Morveau's, and the com-
                  mon glass hydrometers, inclu-
                  ding Baume's, Cartier's, Twad-
                  dle's, Zanetti's, and the spe-
                  cific gravity beads;  others  in-
                  tended for  special application
                  — as for estimating the com-
                  parative strength of spirits;  the
                  comparative densities  of   sy-
                  rups, oils, Ac. — as  Gay Lus-
                  sac's, Sikes's, and Dicat's  hy-
 drometers,  and  the  saccharometer, urinometer,
 and elaeometer.
BaumS's Hydro-
    meter.
scale  of baume's hydrometer, with CORRE-
        SPONDING SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.

     1. Ascending Scale for light  liquids.
Scale of	Specific	Substances.
Haume-	Gravities.	
70	700	Pure hydrocyanic acid.—Gay Lut-sac.
66	715	Very pure sulphuric ether.
60	742	The same concentrated.
50 48	782 792	Equal parts of alcohol and ether.
42	8191 827/	Very pure alcohol for pharmaceu-
40		tical purposes.
36	847	Pure alcohol. Naphtha.
33	863	Alcohol of commerce.
32	"868 878	Essential oil of turpentine.
30		Hydrocyanic acid of Scheele and
26	900 I	pure hydrocyanic acid, mixed
		with an equal portion of water.
	J	—Robiquet.
25	906 \	Acetic ether.
23	915 j 1	Nitric ether.
Id.	Id.	Muriatic ether.
22	923 j	Liquid ammonia. Olive oil.
Id.	Id.")	
20	935^	Brandy.
18	948 J	
13	980	Burgundy wine.
12	9S6	
11	993	Bordeaux wine.
10	1000	Distilled water.
2.  Descending Scale for heavy liquids.
Scale of	Specific
Baum<;.	Giavities.
0	1000
1	1007 > 1009 j
2	1014
i\	1032
10	10751 1091/
12	
20	1161
21	1180"» 1210 S
25	
30	1261
85	1321 \ 1384")
40	
41	1398 y
45	1454)
Id.	Id.
50	1632
60	1714
66	1847
70	1946
Substance!.
Common distilled water.
Distilled vinegar.
Common vinegar.
Cow's milk.

Concentrated acetic acid.


Liquid hydrochloric acid.
Boiling syrup.
Cold Syrup.
Common nitric acid.

Concentrated nitric acid.

Phosphoric acid for medical use.
Very concentrated sulphuric acid.
Very concentrated phosphoric add
    ARES.  A term invented by Paracelsus to de-
 signate the principle on which depends the form
 of mercury, sulphur, and salt.  These the alchy-
 mists regarded as the three bodies that give birth
 to every other.
    AR'ETE, aptrv, 'virtue.'  Mental or corporeal
 vigour.—Hippocrates.
    ARETHU'SA, A. bulbo'sa ; indigenous.  Order,
 Orchidaceae.   The bruised bulbs  are used  in
 toothache; and as cataplasms  to tumours.
    A'REUS.  A pessary mentioned by Paulus of
 ^Igina.
    ARGEL, Cynanchum oleaefolium.
    AR'GEMA, Ar'gemon,  Ar'gemus, from apyes,
 'white.'  Fos'sula, (F.) Encavure.  A white spot
 or  ulceration of the  eye. — Hippocrates.   See
 Leucoma.
    ARGEMO'NE,  MEXICA'NA, Thorn Poppy,
 Prickly Poppy,  Yellow Thistle.   A native  of
 Mexico, but naturalized  in most  parts  of the
I world.   Ord. Papaveraceae.  Sex. Syst. Polyan-
U dria Monogynia.  The juice resembles gamboge, 
ARGENSON              89      ARGILLA BOLUS FLAVA
and  has been used as a hydragogue.  The seeds
arc employed in the West Indies as a substitute
for ipecacuanha.  They are also  used as a ca-
thartic.
   ARGENSON, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A
chalybeate  situate  at Argenson  in  Dauphiny:
used in cases of obstruction, jaundice, Ac.
   ARGENT, Argentum—a. Chlorure d', see Ar-
gentuin — a.  Cyanure d', see  Argentum — a.  et
d'Ammoniaque, chlorure d', see  Argentum — a.
Iodure d', see Argentum — a.  Oxide d', see Ar-
gentum—a.  Petit, Platinum — a. Vive, Hydrar-
 gyrum.                               •
   ARGENTERIA, Potentilla  anserina.
   ARUEXTI CHLORIDUM,  see Argentum—a.
 et Ammoniae chloridum,  see  Argentum — a.  et
 Ammoniae chloruretum, see Argentum—a. Cya-
 nidum, see  Argentum — a. Cyanuretuin, see Ar-
 gentum—a.  Iodidum, see Argentum—a. Iodure-
 tum, see Argentum.
   Argen'ti  Nitras, Argen'tum Nitra'tum seu
 Nit'ricum, Sal argen'ti, (F.) Nitrate ou Azotate
 d'Argent, Nitrate of Silver.  This preparation is
 sometimes kept in crystals, the  Nitras Argen'ti
 in crystal'los concre'tus, Nitrate d'Argent crystal-
 UsS of the Codex of Paris, Luna potab'ilis, Crys-
 tulli Luna,  Argen'tum nit'ricum crystallisa'turn,
 Nitras argenti crystallinus, Nitrttm. luna're, Hy-
 drago'gum Boy'lei.  Generally, however, it is in
 the fused state: and it is this which is admitted
 into most Pharmacopoeias, and  which, besides
 the name Nitraa Argenti, is called Nitras argen'ti
 fusus seu fusum, Caus'ticum luna're, Lapis infer-
 na'lis,  Argen'tum  nit'ricum fusum,  and  lunar
 caustic,  (F.) Nitrate  d'argent fondu, Pierre  in-
 female.
    In the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, it
 is directed to be prepared as follows : — Take  of
 silver, in small pieces, %} ; nitric  acid, igvij,
 distilled water, f^ij.  Mix the  acid  with  the
 water, and dissolve the silver  in the mixture in
 a sand bath;  then crystallize, or gradually in-
 crease the heat, so that the resulting salt may be
 dried.  Melt this in a crucible over a gentle fire,
. and continue the heat until  ebullition ceases;
 then immediately pour it into  suitable  moulds.
    The virtues of nitrate of  silver are  tonic, and
 escharotic.   It is given in chorea, epilepsy, Ac.:
 locally, it is used in  various  cases as an escha-
 rotic.  Dose, gr. 1-8 to gr. 1-4  in pill, three times
 a day.
    When silver is combined with iodine, it is said
 to have the same effect as the  nitrate, and not to
 produce the slate colour of  the surface, which is
 apt to follow the protracted use of the  latter.
    Argenti Oxidum, see Argentum.
    ARGENTILLA VULGARIS, Potentilla  an-
 serina.
    AR'GENTINE, Argento'sus, same etymon  as
 the next.  Pertaining to silver; as an 'argentine
 solution,' or solution of a salt of silver.
    Argentine, Potentilla anserina.
    ARGEN'TUM, Ar'gyrus, from apyos,  'white,'
 Silver, Luna, Dt'a'na. (F.) Argent.  A solid metal
 of a shining white appearance; insipid; inodor-
 ous;  highly sonorous; malleable  and  ductile;
 somewhat hard; crystallizable in triangular py-
 ramids ; fusible a  little above a red  heat, and
 volatizable;  s. g. 10.4.   Not  used in  medicine,
 unless in some places for silvering pills.  Silver
 Leaf, Argen'tum folia'tum,  is the state in which
 it is used for this purpose.
    Argentum  Divi'sum, metallic  silver, in very
 fine powder, has been recommended internally in
 syphilis.
    The  Chloride  (Argen'ti chlo'ridum, Argen'-
 tum muriat'icnm  seu  chlora'tum seu  sali'tum.
 Chlorurc'tum Argen'ti, Chlor'uret or Mu'riate of
 Silver, (F.)  Chlorure  d'Argent); the Cyanuretj
the Iodide (Argen'ti lo'didum, Argen'tum loda'-
tum, Iodure'tutn Argen'ti, Iod'uret of Silver, (F.)
Iodure d'Argent;)  the Oxide (Argen'ti ox'idum,
Argen'tum oxyda'tum, (F.)  Oxide d'Argtnt), and
the Chloride of Ammonia and Silver (Argen'ti
et Ammo'nia chlo'ridum, Argen'tum miiriat'icuin
ammonia'tum, Chlorure'tum Argen'ti et  Ammo'-
nia, Chlo'ruret of Silver  and Ammonia, Ammo-
nio-chloride of Silver, (F.)  Chlorure d'Argent et
d'Ammoniaque),ha.ve been used in syphilis.  At
first, these different preparations were adminis-
tered iatraleptically on  the  gums ; the chloride,
tbe cyanide and the iodide in the dose of l-12th
of a grain; the  chloride of silver and ammonia
in the dose of l-14th of a grain, and the oxide of
silver and divided silver in the dose of l-8th and
l-4th of a grain.   M. Serre, of Montpellier, who
made many  trials  with them,  soon found that
these doses were too small; he therefore raised
that of the chloride to  l-10th, and of the iodide
to  l-8th of a grain, without any inconvenience
resulting.  The dose of the other preparations was
likewise increased  in a similar ratio.  M. Serre
extols the preparations  of silver—used internally
as well as iatraleptically — as antisyphilitics, but
they are not to be depended upon.
   The  Cyanuret or Cyanide of Silver,  Argen'ti
 Cyanure'tum seu Cyan'idum, Argen'tum cyanoge-
na'tnm, (F.)  Cyanure d'argent, is thus  directed
to  be prepared in the  Ph.  U. S.  (1842,) Argent.
Nit. gxv, Acid Hydrocyan., Aq. destillat. aa Oj.
Having dissolved  the  nitrate  of silver in the
water, add the hydrocyanic acid, and mix them.
Wash the precipitate with distilled water and dry
it.    In the  last edition  of the  Pharmacopoeia,
 (1851,) it is directed to  be prepared as follows:—
 Nitrate of Silver, dissolved in distilled  water, is
put into a tubulated glass receiver; Ferocyanuret
of Potassium, dissolved in  distilled water, is put
into a tubulated retort,  previously adapted to the
receiver.   Dilute Sulphuric Acid is added to the
solution in the retort; and, by means of a sand-
bath and a moderate heat, distillation is carried
on until  the  liquid that passes  over  no longer
produces  a precipitate in  the* receive*.   The pre-
cipitate is then washed with distilled water, and
dried.                            \
   The  Oxide of  Silver, Argen'ti  Ox'idum, has
been introduced into the last edition of the Ph.
U. S. (1851).  It is made by precipitating a solu-
tion of the Nitrate of  Silver by solution of Po-
tassa, drying the precipitate.
   Argentum Chloratum,   see  Argentum—a,
 Cyanogenatum, see Argentum—a.  Fugitivum,
 Hydrargyrum — a.  Fusum, Hydrargyrum — a.
 Iodatum, see Argentum—a. Liquidum,  Hydrar-
gyrum — a. Mobile, Hydrargyrum — a.  Muriati-
cum, see Argentum — a.  Muriaticum Ammonia-
 tum, see Argentum—a. Oxydatum, see Argentum
—a. Salitum, see Argentum—a. Vivum,  Hydrar-
gyrum.
   ARGIL, PURE, Argilla pura.
   ARGILE OOHREUSE PALE, Bolus Alba.
   ARGILLA BOLUS FLAVA,  Terra Lemnia—
a.  Bolus  rubra, Bole Armenian—a.  Ferruginea
rubra, Bole  Armenian—a. Kalisulphurica, Alu-
men—a. Pallida, Bolus alba.
   Argilla Pura,  Terra Alu'minis seu  bola'rit>,
seu argilla'cea pura seu depura'ta seu hydra'ta,
Alu'mina pura seu depura'ta, Ox'idum alumin'ii,
pure Argil or Alumina, (F.)  Alumine factice.
This substance, which is prepared by drying alum
and exposing it,  for twenty or twenty-five mi-
nutes, to  a red heat, until the  sulphuric acid is
driven  off, has been recommended in indigestion
as antacid, as well as in  vomiting and diarrhoea
accompanied with acidity.   The  dose to a very
young child  is from sjss to gj;  to older  children
from 3j to 3ij. 
ARGILL.E  ACETAS          90                 ARMOUR
  Argilla Sulphurica Alcalisata, Alumen —
B. Sulphurica usta, Alumen exsiccutum — a. Su-
persulphas alcalisatum, Alumen—a. Vitriolata,
Alumen.
  ARGILL2E ACETAS,  Aluminae  acetas —a.
Sulphas, Aluminae sulphas.
  ARGOL, RED, Potassae supertartras impurus
—a. White, Potassae supertartras  impurus.
  ARGUMENTUM INTEGRITATIS. Hymen.
  ARGY'RIA, from apyvpos, 'silver.'  The  dis-
coloration  of  the skin occasioned  by  the internal
use of nitrate of  silver.
  ARUY ROCHET A, Matricaria.
  ARGYROPH'ORA, from apyvpos, 'silver,' and
cptpm, 'I bear.'  A name given, by Myrepsus, to
an antidote which he regarded as extremely  pre-
cious.
  ARGYROTROPHEMA, Blancmanger.
  ARGYRUS, Argentum.
  ARHEUMAT'IC, Arheumat'icus,  from  a, pri-
vative, and ptvpa, 'fluxion  or rheumatism.'  One
without fluxion or rheumatism.
  ARIA, Crataegus aria—a. Cattica,  see Miasma.
  ARICI'NA, Arie"ia, Cits'conin, Cusco-Cincho'-
nia, so called from Arica in South America,  the
place where it is shipped.  An alkaloid found in
Cusco Bark, which is very  similar in many of its
properties  to  Cinchonia.  Cusco was the ancient
residence of the Incas.
  ARIC'YMON, from apt,  an  intensive particle,
and kvuv,  ' to conceive.'   A name  given  to a
female who conceives readily.—Hippocrates.
  ARIDE'NA.   A Latin word employed to  de-
signate  the leanness of any  part. — Ettmuller,
Sauvages.
  ARID'ITY, Arid'itas. (F.) AriditS, from arere,
'to grow dry.'  The  French use  the word Ari-
ditS to express the  dryness of any organ,  and
particularly of the skin and tongue, when such
dryness is  so great as to render the organ rough
to  the touch.  AriditS also means the lanuginous
appearance of the hair in some diseases in which
d seems covered-with dust.
  ARIDU'RA.   Wasting  or  emaciation  of  the
whole or of any part of the  body;  Marasmus,
Atrophy.
  Aridura Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the — a.
Hepatis, Hepatrophia.
  ARIKA, see Spirit.
  ARIS.EMA ATRO-RUBENS,  Arum triphyl-
lum.
  ARISTALTHJEA, Althaea.
  ARISTOLOCHI'A,  from apiaros, 'very good,'
and Xoxtia, 'parturition;' so called,  because  the
different varieties were  supposed  to  aid parturi-
tion.   Birthwort, (F.)  Aristoloche.   Ord. Aris-
tolochiaceae.  Several varieties were  once in  use.
  Aristolochia Cava,  Fumaria bulbosa.
  Aristolochi'a Clemati'tis, Aristolochia Vul-
garis  seu Cre'tica seu ten'uis, Adra Riza  (F.)
Aristoloche ordinaire,  Upright Birthwort.   The
root has been considered stimulant and emmena-
gogue, and as such has been used in amenorrhoea,
chlorosis,  and cachexia.
  Aristolochia Cretica,  A. Clematitis—a. Fa-
bacea,  Fumaria  bulbosa — a.  Hastata,  see A.
serpentaria—a. Hirsuta, see A. serpentaria.
  Aristolochi'a Longa, and  A.  Rotun'da,  (F.)
Aristoloche longne et  ronde,  Long  and Round
Birthwort. Virtues the same as the preceding.
   Aristolochi'a Pistolocui'a, Pistolochi'a Aris-
tolochi'a,  Polyrrhi'za.  This variety has an  aro-
matic odour, and an acrid and bitter taste.  (F.)
Aristoloche crSnelSe.
  Aristolochia Reticulata,  see A.  serpentaria.
  Aristolochi'a Serpenta'ria, Serpenta'ria, S.
 Virginia'na,  Vipera'ria,  Viperi'na  Virginia'na,
Colubri'na Virginia'na, Contrayer'va Virginia'-
na, (F.) Serpentaire et Aristoloche serpentaire de
Virgin ie, Coluvrine ou Couleuvrie ou VipSrine de
Virginie,  Virginia  Snakeroot, Snakcroot Birth-
wort, Snakeweed, Snagrel.  Virtues  of  the root,
Serpenta'ria, tonic, stimulant; and as such, em-
ployed in debility,  intermittents, Ac.  Aristo-
lochi'a Hirsu'ta, A. Hasta'ta and A. Reticu-
la'ta; indigenous, are employed indiscriminately
with A. Serpentaria under the name Serpenturia
or Virginia Snakeroot,
  Aristolochi'a  Sipho, Dutchman's  pipe, and
A. Tomento'sa; indigenous, have  virtues like
those of A. Serpentaria.
  Aristolochi'a Tenuis, A.  Clematitis—a. To-
mentosa, see A. sipho—a. Trifida, A. Trilobata.
  Aristolochi'a  Triloba'ta, A. trifida, (F.)
Aristoloche trilobSe.   A plant of Surinam and
Jamaica;  possessing  the general virtues of the
Aristolochiaceae.  The other varieties  of Aristo-
lochia have similar properties.
  Aristolochi'a Vulgaris  Rotunda, Fumaria
bulbosa.
  ARISTOLOCH'IC, Ariatoloch'icua.  Same ety-
mology.  An old  term for remedies supposed to
have the property of promoting the flow of the
lochia.—Hippocrates, Theophrastus,  Dioscorides,
Ac.
  ARIS'TON MAGNUM, and ARISTON PAR-
VUM.  These  names were  formerly  given  to
pharmaceutical preparations,  used  in phthisis,
tormina, and fever.—Avicenna.
  ARISTOPHANEI'ON.  A sort of  emollient
plaster, prepared with four pounds of  pitch, two
of apochyma, one of wax, an  ounce of opoponax,
and  half a pint of  vinegar. — Gorraeus.  Not
used.
  ARKAN'SAS, MINERAL  WATERS OF.
About 5  miles from the Washita river, and about
a quarter of a degree north of the Louisiana line,
there are about 70  of those springs;—Ouachita
or Washitau Springa.   They are thermal, vary-
ing from 138° to ISO0 Fahrenheit, and are em-
ployed in rheumatism, cutaneous affections, Ac.
  ARK-BEIN, Pubis os.
  ARKEION, Arctium Lappa.
  ARLADA, Realgar.
  ARLES, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Ther-
mal  sulphureous springs in  the department of
Pyrenees Orientales, France.  Their  temperature
is  103° to 145° of Fahr., and they  contain sul-
phohydric acid.
  ARM, Brachium.
  ARMA, Penis—a. Ventris, Penis.
  ARMAMENTARIUM, Arsenal—a. Chirurgi-
cum, see Arsenal—a. Portabile, see Case.
  ARMATORY UNGUENT, Hoplochrysma.
  ARMATURA, Amnios.
  ARME, from apw, 'I adapt.'  Any physiolo-
gical or mechanical junction  or union of parts.—
Hesychius. A^suture, as of the cranium.—Galen.
  ARMENIACA EPIROTICA, Prunus Armeni-
aca—a. Malus, Apricot, see Prunus—a. Vulgaris,
Prunus Armeniaca.
  ARMENIAN STONE, Melochites.
  ARMENITES,  Melochites.
  ARMILL^E MANUS MEMBRANOSA An-
nular ligaments of the carpus.
  ARMOISE  BLANCHE,  Artemisia rupeatril
—a. Commune, Artemisia vulgaris—a. Eetraqon,
Artemisia dracunculus—a. Ordinaire, Artemisia
vulgaris.
  ARMONIACUM, Ammoniac, gum
1  A^M0^'C^' fr?» Armoricf, where  it wM
HnfS £'I X • f Inuthe Pharmacopceia of the
United States, the fresh root of Cochlearia anno-
r&ci3>*
  Armoracia Rusticana, Cochlearia  armoracfc
—a. Sativa, Cochlearia armoracia      «""»'««»
  ARMOUR, Condom. 
ARMURE  DES  JAMBES      91
ARROW  ROOT
  ARMURE DES JAMBES, see Cornu  am-
minis.
  ARMUS, Humerus—a. Summus, Acromion.
  ARX, Alnus glutinosa.
  ARXALD'IA,  Arnaldie.   A  disease,  which
appears to have  prevailed in England at one
time, but whose origin and nature are unknown.
It was accompanied with loss of hair; and, by
some, is supposed to have been Syphilis. " Deinde
uterque Rex incidit in  aegritudinem, quam Ar-
naldiam  vocant, in qua ipsi usque  ad mortem
laborantes,ciipillos suos  deposuerunt."—Rogerus
Hovcilenus, in Ricardo  I., cited by Du Cange.
   AR'NICA MONTA'NA.   Derivation  uncer-
tain.  Arnica, Leopard's Bane, Doron'icum Ger-
man'icum seu Oppositifo'lium seu Plantag"inia
folio,  Ar'nica   Plauensis,   Alia'ma,  Ac"yrus,
Dinret'ica, Panace'a lapso'rttm,  Ptar'mica  mon-
ta'na, Caltha seu  Calen'dula  Alpi'na, Nardua
 Cel'tica altera, (F.) Arnique, BStoine OU  Tabac
 des Montagues, Tabac dea Vosgcs,  Tabac ou BS-
 toine des Savoyards, Dorontc d'Allemagne, Plan-
 tain ou Soitci des Alpes.  Sex. Syst. Syngenesia
 Polygamia  superflua.    Ord.  Compositae.   The
 plant and flowers (Arnica, Ph. U. S.) are consi-
 dered, or have been considered, narcotic, stimu-
 lant, emmenagogue, Ac; and, as such,  have been
 given in  amaurosis, paralysis, all nervous affec-
 tions, rheumatism, gout, chlorosis, Ac.  Dose, |
 gr. v to x, in powder.   In large doses it is dele-
 terious.
   Arnica Nudicaulis  and A. Mollis are  sup-
 posed to have medical virtues like the last.
   Arnica Plauensis, Arnicamontana—a. Spuria,
 Inula dysenterica — a.  Suedensis, Inula dysen-
 terica.
    ARNIQUE, Arnicamontana.
    ARNOGLOSSUM, Plantago.
    ARNOTT'S DILATOR, see Dilator, Arnott's.
    ARNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum.
    ARO'MA, Ar'tyma, 'perfume:' (apt, intensive,
 and oopti or oipn, ' odour,' or from apio, 'to make
 fitting  or   agreeable.')  Spir'itus  Rector,  (F.)
 Arome.  The  odorous  part of plants.  An ema-
 nation—frequently imponderable—from bodies,
 which acts on the organ of smell, and varies with
 the body exhaling it.
    ARO MATE, Aromatic.
    AROMATIC, Aromat'i'ctw, (F.) Aromate. Any
 odoriferous substance obtained from the vegetable
 kingdom which  contains much volatile oil, or a
 light and expansible resin.   Aromatics are used
 in  perfumes, in  seasoning,  and embalming.   In
 medicine they are employed as stimulants.  Gin-
 ger, cinnamon, cardamoms, mint, Ac, belong to

    AR'OMATIZE, (F.) Aromatiser.  To add to a
  mixture  or potion some aromatic, to mask  its
  taste or render it more agreeable.  Such mix-
  ture is then said to be  aromatized.
    AROMATOPO'LA,  from apupa, 'an  odour,'
  and irtaXtia, ' I sell.'  An apothecary or druggist.
  One who sells spices.
    A RON, Arum.
    AROPH.  A barbarous word, which had vari-
  ous significations with  the ancients.  Paracelsus
  employed it to designate a lithonthriptic remedy.
  The mandragora, according to some.  Also, a
  mixture  of bread, saffron, and wine.—Van Hel-
  mont.
    Aroph Paracelsi, Ferrum ammoaiatum.
    ARQUEBUSADE,  EAU D', Aqua traumat'-
  ica The.de'nii seu  Thedia'na seu sclopeta'ria sou
 • vulnera'ria seu catapulta'rum, Mistu'ra vulnera'-
  ria ac"ida.  A sort of vulnerary water, distilled
  from a farrago  of aromatic plants.  Rosemary,
  Ibiss; millefoil,  tkyme, each tbss ; Proof spirit, 2
  gallons—distil a gallon. This is  one form.
    ARR, Cicatrix.
  ARRABON, Arraphon.
  ARRACHEMENT (¥.), from arracher,  'to
tear  out,' Apospas'ma, Abrup'tio, Avulsio.  Act
of separating a part of the body by tearing it from
the bonds connecting it with  others.  Evulsion.
Laceration.
  Arrachement  is applied to certain operations,
as to the extraction of a tooth, the extirpation of
a polypus, Ac.
  ARRACK, Arack.  See Spirit.
  AR'RAPHON, Ar'rabon, from a, priv., and
patpn, 'a suture,' —'without suture'   A term
applied to  the cranium  when  it  presents no

   ARRECTIO, Erection.
   Alt RED, see Scar.
   ARREPTIO, Insanity.
   ARRESTA BOVIS,  Ononis spinosa.
   ARRET D'HILDAN, Remora Hildani.
   ARRETE-BCEUF, Ononis spinosa.
   ARRHOi'A,  from a,  priv., and ptto, 'I flow.'
 The suppression of any  flux.  Amenorrhoea.
   ARRHOSTEMA, Disease.
   ARRIIOSTEXIA, Disease.
   ARRHOSTIA, Disease, Infirmity.
   ARRHYTHMUS, Cacorrhythmus.
   ARRIBA, Geoffraea vermifuga.
   ARRIERE-BOUCHE, Pharynx — a. -Dent,
 see  Dentition—a. -Faix, Secundines.
   ARRIERE-GOUT  (¥.),  'after  taste.'   The
 taste left by certain bodies in the mouth for some
 time after they have been swallowed, owing per-
 haps to the papillae of the mouth having imbibed
 the savoury substance.
   ARRIERES NARINES, Nares, posterior.
   ARROCHE, Atriplex hortensis — a. Puant,
 Chenopodium  vulvaria.
   ARROSEMENT, Aspersion.
   ARROWHEAD, Sagittaria variabilis.
   ARROW LEAF, Sagittaria variabilis.
   ARROW POISOX.   This differs  with different
 tribes of Indians. By some, the poison capsicum,
 and infusions of a strong kind of tobacco, and of
 euphorbiaceae  are  mixed together, with the poi-
 sonous emmet, and the teeth of the formidable
 serpent, called, by the  Peruvian Indians, Miua-
 maru or Jergon—Lachesis picta of  Tschudi.
   ARROW ROOT, Fec'ula Maran'ta, Am'ylum
 maranta'ceum  seu America'num.  The fecula of
 the rhizoma of Maran'ta Arundina'cea, Maranta
 (Ph. U. S.),  Ord. Marantaceae, which, like all
 feculae, is emollient and nutritive, when prepared
 with water, milk, Ac.
   Dr. Carson has shown, that Florida  arrow root
 is derived from Za'mia integrifo'lia or Z.pu'mila,
  Sugar pine, Ord. Cycadaceae;  Bermuda arrow
  root being obtained from Maranta arundinacea.
  Florida arrow root, as well as the farina, is known
  in the Southern  States under the name Coonti or
  Coontie.
   According to Dr. Ainslie, an excellent kind of
  arrow root  is  prepared in Travancore from the
  root of Curcuma angustifolia, Ord.  Zingiberaceae.
   Arrow root  mucilage is made  by rubbing arrow
  root powder with a little cold water, in a basin,
  by means of the back of a spoon, until it is com-
  pletely mixed  with the water; then pouring boil-
  ing water over it, stirring assiduously until a soft,
  gelatinous,  tenacious mucilage is  formed;  and,
  lastly, boiling for five  minutes.   A tablespoonful
  of  arrow root powder is sufficient to make a pint
  of  mucilage.  It may be moderately sweetened;
  and wine or lemon juice may be added.
    With milk also it forms a bland  and nutritious
  article of diet.
   Arrow Root, Brazilian.  The fecula of Ja-
  tropha Ma.xihot. 
ARROW WEED            92              ARSENICUM
   Arrow Root,  Common,  see  Solanum tubero-
 sum.
   Arrow Root, East Indian.  The fecula of the
 tubers of Curcuma angustifolia, or narrow-leaved
 Turmeric.
   Arrow Root, English, Arrow root, common.
   Arrow Root, Tahi'ti, Tacca starch,  Otahei'te
 Salep.   The fecula of Tacca Oceanica.
   ARROW WEED, Sagittaria variabilis.
   ARROW WOOD, Euonymus, Viburnum den-
 tatum.
   ARS CABALISTICA, Cabal—a. Chymiatrica,
 Chymiatria—a. Clysmatica nova, Infusion of me-
 dicines— a. Coquinaria, Culinary art—a. Cosme-
 tica, Cosmetics — a. Culinaria,  Culinary art — a.
 Empirica, Empiricism—a. Formulas medicas con-
 cinandi, see Prescription—a. Hermetica, Chymis-
 try—a. Homoeopathica, Homoeopathy—a.Hydria-
 trica, Hydrosudotherapeia—a. Infusoria,  Infu-
 sion of medicines — a. Machaonia, Medicina—a.
 Majorum, Chymistry — a. Medica, Medicina—a.
 Obstetricia, Obstetrics—a. Sanandi, Art, healing
 —a. Separatoria, Chymistry—a. Signata,  Cabal
 —a. Spagyrica, Chymistry—a. Sphygmica, Sphyg-
 mologia—a. Veterinaria, Veterinary Art—a. Zoia-
•trica, Veterinary Art.
   ARSALTOS, Asphaltum.
   ARSATUM, Nymphomania.
   ARSECOCKLE (Sc), synonymous with Teut.
 aers-bleyne, tnberculus in ano.  Originally,  a
 hot pimple on the hips.  Now, in Scotland,  a
 similar pimple on  the face  or any part of the
 body.—Jamieson.
   ARSENAL (¥.), Chirapothe'ca, Armamenta'-
 rium, A. Chirur'gicum.  A collection  of surgical
 instruments.  A work containing a  description
 of surgical instruments.   Armamenta'rium  ob-
 etet'ricum has the same significations in  regard to
 obstetrics.
   ARSEN'IATE, Arsen'iaa,  (¥.) AraSniate, from
 coanv, 'robust.'  A salt formed by a combination
 of arsenic acid with a salifiable base.
   Arseniate of Ammonia, Arsen'ias Ammo'nia,
 Ammo'nium  Arsen'icum seu  Arsenic'icum, (¥.)
 Arseniate  d'Ammoniaque.   This preparation.is
 highly extolled in  cutaneous diseases.  A grain
 of the salt may be dissolved in an ounce of  dis-
 tilled water, and 20 to 25 drops be commenced
 with as a dose.
   Arseniate  of Iron, Arsen'ias Ferri, Ferrum
 Arsenia'tum seu Arsenic'icum  oxydula'tum, (F.)
 ArsSniate  de Fer.   This  preparation  has been
 applied externally to cancerous ulcers.  An oint-
 ment may be made of ^ss of the arseniate, gij of
 the phosphate of  iron,  and  3VJ 0I"  spermaceti
 ointment.   The arseniate  has also  been  given
 internally in cancerous affections, in the dose of
 one-sixteenth of a grain.
   Arseniate  of  Protox'ide  of  Potas'sium,
 Proto-arsen'iate  of Potas'sium, Arsen'iate of Po-
 tassa, Arsen'ias Potassa seu Kali, (F.)  ArsSniate
 de  Potasse, Sel arsSnical de Macquer.   Proper-
 ties the same as  those of arsenious acid.
   Arseniate of Quinia,  Quiniae Arsenias.
   Arsen'iate of Soda, Soda arsen'ias, (¥.)  Ar-
 sSniate de Soude.  Made, according to the Codex
 of Paris, by mixing and heating to redness arse-
 nious  acid and  nitrate of soda; dissolving the
 salt in water; adding carbonate of soda until
 there  is an alcaline reaction;  filtering, evapora-
 ting, and crystallizing.  It is the basis of Pear-
 eon'a Solution, which is formed of one  grain of the
 crystallized arseniate to one fluidounce of distilled
 water.  Dose, gtt. xx.  Heinecke's Solution con-
 sists of the arseniate, gr. vj : peppermint  water,
 f5iiss; wine of cinnamon, f^ss; laudanum, f gj.
 Dose, forty to fifty drops.
   ARSENIA TE DE SO UDE, Arseniate of Soda.
   AR'SENIC, Ar«en'i'cu»», (Ph. U. S.) A solid
metal; of a steel-gray colour;  granular texture j
very brittle;  volatilizing before  melting; very
combustible and acidifiable.  It is not dangerous
of itself, and  only becomes so by virtue of the
facility with which it absorbs oxygon.
  ARSENIC BLANC, Arsenicum album.
  Arsenic, Iodide  of, Arsen'ici Io'didum seu
Teriod'idum  seu lodure'tum, Arsen'icum loda'-
tum, Hydrlodas arsen'ici, formed by the combi-
nation of arsenic and iodine.  This preparation,
applied  externally, has  been highly extolled in
various  cutaneous affections.  An ointment may
be made of three grains of  iodide to %j of lard.
It has also been given internally in the dose of a
tenth of a grain in similar affections. It is offici-
nal in the Ph. U. S.  1851.
  Arsenic, Oxide of, Arsenicum album—a. Ox-
ide of, White, Arsenicum album—a. White, Arse-
nicum album.
  Arsenic and Mercury, Iodide of, Hydrar'-
gyri et Arsen'ici Io'didum, Double I'odide of
Mer'cury and Ar'senic, lodo-arsenite of Mer'cttry.
A compound, which  has been proposed  as more
efficacious than either  the  iodide of arsenic or
the  iodide of mercury.   It  is made by tritura-
ting 6*08 grains of arsenic;  14'82 grains of mer-
cury ; 49 of iodine, with a fluidrachm of alcohol,
until the mass  has become dry, and from being
deep brown has become pale red.  Eight ounces
of distilled water are poured on, and, after tritu-
ration for a  few moments, the  Whole  is trans-
ferred to a flask; half a drachm  of  hydriodic
acid, prepared  by the acidification of two grains
of iodine, is added, and the  mixture is boiled for
a few moments. When the solution is cold, make
the  mixture  up  to  f^viij with  distilled water.
This is  called by Mr. Donovan, the  proposer,
Liquor  Arsen'ici et Hydrar'gyri Io'didi, each
drachm of which, by measure, consists of water,
3J; arsenious acid, gr. l-8th; peroxide of mercury,
gr. l-4th; iodine, converted into hydriodic acid,
gr. 3-4ths.  In the  last edition of the Ph. U. S.
it is  directed to be made  of Arsenici lodidum
and Hydrargyri lodidum rubrum, each gr. xxxv;
and Aqua destillata, Oss; dissolving by rubbing,
heating to the boiling point, and  filtering.
   The dose of Donovan's Solution is  from  tt^x
to f 3ss, two  or three times a day.
   It has been used successfully in inveterate cu-
taneous  diseases.
   ARSEN'ICAL, Arsenica'lis,  (F.) ArsSnical
Relating, or  appertaining to,  or  containing, ar-
senic
   Arsen'ical  Paste,   (F.)  Pdte  ArsSnicale.
This application to cancers is formed of 70 parts
of cinnabar, 22 of dragon's  blood, and  8 of arse-
nioua acid; made into a paste with saliva, when
about to be applied.
   Arsenical Powders of Frere Come, and op
Justamond, see Powder, Arsenical.
   Arsenical Solution, see Arseniate of Soda,
and Liquor Arsenicalis.
   ARSENICI  HYDRIODAS, Arsenic, Iodide of
—a. lodidum, Arsenic,  Iodide of—a. Ioduretura,
Arsenic, Iodide of—a.  Teriodidum, Arsenic, Io-
dide of.
   ARSENICISM'US, Intoxica'tio Araenica'lis.
Poisoning by arsenic.
   ARSENICUM, Arsenic
   Arsen'icum  Album,  White Ar'eenic, Oxide
of Ar'aenie,  Ratabane,  Araen'ici  ox'ydum  al-
bum, Calx Arsen'ici  alba, Ac"idum Arsenica'sum
seu Arsenio'aum (Ph. U. S.), Arsenious acid, White
oxide of arsenic, (F.)  Arseni* blanc.   An acid
which is met with in  commerce, in compact, white,
heavy,fragile masses; of avitrcous aspect, opake,
and covered with a  white dust;  of an acrid and
nauseous taste ; without smell when cold • vola-
tilizable by heat, and exhaling the odour 'of gar- 
ARSENIS POTASS^         98                ARTERE
lie; soluble  in  water, alcohol, and oil;  crystal-
lizable in regular octahedrons.  It is this that is
meant by the name arsenic, as commonly used.
  Arsen'icum  Album  Sublima'tum, Sublimed
Oxide of Arsenic, is the one employed in medi-
cine.  It is tonic and escharotic, and is the most
virulent of mineral poisons.  It is used in inter-
uiittents, periodical headachs, neuroses, Ac. Dose,
gr. one-tenth to one-eighth, in pill-. See  Poisons,
Table of.
   Arsenicum Iodatum, Arsenic, Iodide of—a.
Rubrum factitiutn, Realgar.
   ARSENIS POTASSAE, Arsenite of protoxide
of potassium—a. Potassae aquosus, Liquor arseni-
cs, is—a. Potassae liquidus, Liquor arsenicalis.
   AR'SENITE, Ar'«e»is.  A salt, formed by a
combination of the arsenious acid with  a salifi-
able base.
   Ar'senite op Protox'ide of  Potas'sium, Pro-
to-ar'senite  of Potas'sium,  Ar'senite  of  Potassa,
Ar'senis  Potassa.  An  uncrystallizable and co-
lourless salt, which forms the basis of the liquor
arsenicalis,  which  see.
   Arsenite of Quinia, Quinise arsenis.
   ARSE-SMART, BITING,  Polygonum hydro-
 piper.
   ART,  HEALING, Ars Sanan'di, Medicina.
The  appropriate application  of the  preeepts of
the best physicians, and of the results of experi-
ence  to the  treatment of disease.
   Art, Veterinary, Veterinary art.
   AR'TABE, aprajiri.  Name of a Persian mea-
sure for dry substances, in use with the ancients,
equal at times, to 5 modii: at  others, to 3;  and
at others, again, to 7.—Galen.
   ARTANTHE ELONGATA, see Matico.
   AR'TELSHEIM,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 These German  waters have  been much recom-
 mended  in hysteria,  gout, palsy,  Ac.  Their
 physical  or chemical  properties have not been
 described.
   ARTEMIS'IA, Anactlrion.  Ord.  Compositae.
 Called after a queen of the name, who first  em-
 ployed it;  or from Aprtpts, 'Diana;' because it
 was formerly used in diseases  of women, over
 whom she presided.   The Gauls  called it Bricu-
 mum.
   Artemis'ia Abrot'anum, Abrot'anum, Abrol-
 mutn, Abrot'anum Cathsum seu  Mas, Abrathan,
 South'ernwood,  Oldman,  Slovcnwood, (¥.) Abro-
 tone,  Aurone, Aurone male, Aurone  des jardins,
 Garderobe,  Citronelle.  Supposed to be possessed
 Df stimulant properties.
   Oil of Southernwood, O'leum  Abrot'ani,  (¥.)
 Huile d'Aurone, possesses the  aromatic proper-
 ties of the plant.
   Artemis'ia Absin'thium, Absin'thium, A. vul-
 fa're, Apsin'thium, Baryplcron,  Common Worm-
 wood, Wormit, (¥.) Absinthe.  Properties:—tonic
 and anthelmintic  The Oil of Wormwood, O'leum
 Absin'thii,  (¥.) Huile  d'Absinthe, contains the
 aromatic virtues of the plant
   Artemisia Afra, a South African species, is
 louic, antispasmodic and anthelmintic;  and has
 been used in debility of tbe stomach, visceral ob-
 structions, jaundice and hypochondriasis.  It is
 taken in infusion, decoction  and  tincture.   A
 strong infusion is used by the  Cape  Colonists as
 a eollyrium in weakness  of the eyes;  and the
 pounded  leaves and stalks are employed as dis-
 cutients in oedema and sugillations.
   Artemisia Alba, A. Santonica—a. Balsamita,
 A. Pontica.
   Artemisia Bien'nis, Biennial Wormwood; in-
 digenous.
   Artemisia Botrys,  Chenopodium   ambrosi-
 sidee.
   Artemis'ia Campes'tris, Field Southernwood,
(¥.) Aurone des Champs.  This  possesses the
same properties as A. Abrot'anum.
  Artemisia Canadensis, Canada Wormwood—
a. Caudata: indigenous.
  Artemisia  Chenopodium,  Chenopodium bo-
trys.
  Artemisia  Chinen'sis, A.  In'dica,  A. Moxa.
From this the Chinese form their moxas.
  Artemisia  Contra  grows  in Persia, Asia
Minor,  and other parts of the East.
   Artemisia  Dracun'culus,  Tar'agon, (F.) Ar-
moise eatragon, Estragon.   Virtues: — the same
 as  the last   The leaves are much used to season
food, especially in the form of Es'tragon vin'egar.
   Artemis'ia Glacia'lis, Silky Wormwood;
  ' Artemisia  Indica, Artemisia  Chinensis, A.
 Santonica;
   Artemisia  Juda'ica, grows in Palestine, Ara-
 bia, China, Cochin China, and Northern Africa.
   Artemisia Leptophylla, A. Pontica;
   Artemisia  Marit'ima, Absin'thium  Mari'num
 seu Marit'imum, Sea Wormwood, Maritime South-
 ernwood ;
   Artemisia Moxa, A. Chinensis;
 and
   Artemis'ia Pon'tica, A. Roma'na seu Tenut-
 fo'lia seu Balsamita seu Leptophylla, Absinthi-
 um Pon'ticum seu Roma'num,  Roman Wormwood,
 Lesser  Wormwood, possess like virtues;—as well
 as
   Artemisia Romana, A. Pontica;
   Artemisia Rubra, A. Santonica;  and
   Artemis'ia Rupes'tris, Creeping Wormwood,
 Gen'ipi album, (¥.) Armoise blanc, GSnipi blattc.
 This variety has aromatic virtues, and is used in
 intermittents, and  in amenorrhoea.
   Artemis'ia Santon'ica, Santon'icum,  Canni
 Herba, Chamacedris,  Ghamacyparis'sus, Absin'-
 thium Santon'icum, Sementlna, Xantollna, Sche-
 baAr'abum, Sina seu Cina Levan'tica, Tarta'rian
 South'ernwood, (¥.) Barbotine.   From this and
 other species of absinthium is obtained the so-
 called Semen  contra vermes seu Contra seu Zedo-
 a'ria seu Santon'ici seu  Cina, Hagiosperm'um,
 Sanctum  Semen,  Wormseed, which do not consist
 of seeds, but of broken peduncles.  Virtues: —
 anthelmintic  and stimulant  Dose, gr. x. to 'ZA
 in  powder.   Its active principle is San'tonin, the
 dose of which is from 2 to 5  grains in the day,
 for a child  six or eight years of age.
   Artemisia Tenuifolia, A. Pontica.
   Artemis'ia Vulga'ris, Artemis'ia rubra  et
 alba, Cin'gulum  Sancti Joan'nis, Mater Herba'-
 rum, Berenisecum,  Bubastecor'dium,  Canapa'cia,
 Mugwort, (F.) Armoise  ordinaire, A.  Commune,
 Herbe  de Saint  Jean, Ceinture ou Couronne de
 Saint Jean.  This, as well  as some  other  varie-
 ties, possesses the general tonic virtues of the
 Artemisiae.  Artemisia vulgaris has  been highly
 extolled  by the  Germans in cases  of epilepsy.
 Dose of the powder, in the 24 hours, from ^ss to
 3J-
   ARTERE, Artery—or. Brachiale,  Brachial ar-
 tery—a.  Brachio-cSphalique,  Innominata arteria
 —a. Bronchique, Bronchial artery—a.  Ciliaire,
 Ciliary artery—a. Ciitorienne : see  Clitoris—«.
 Cacale:  see Colic arteries — a. CollatSrale du
 coude,  Anastomoticus magnus ramus—a. CollatS-
 rale externe, Arteria profunda humeri—a.  Colla-
 tSrale interne, Anastomoticus magnus  ramus—a.
 Coronaire des llvres, Labial artery—a. Coronaire
 Stomachique, Coronary artery—a. Crurale, Crural
 artery—a. Deuxilme des thoraciques, Arteria tho-
 racica  externa inferior—a. JEpineuse,  Meningeal
 artery,middle—a.FSmoro-poplitSe,Jschiatic artery
 —a. Fessilre, Gluteal artery—a. Gastrique droite,
 petite, Pyloric  artery — a.  Gntturo-maxillaire,
 Maxillary artery,  internal—a. Honteuse externe,
1 Pudic, external,  artery—a. Honteuse interne, Pu- 
ARTERIA                9
Sic, internal, artery—a. HumSrale profondc, Ar-
teria profunda humeri—a. Iliuqne primitive, Iliac
artery — a.  InnominSe,  Innominata  arteria — a.
Iriennc, Ciliary  artery — a. Isch io-penien tie : see
Pudic, internal,  artery — a. Mediane antSriettre,
Spinal artery, anterior — or. Mediane postSrieure
du rachis, Spinal artery, posterior — a. MSningSe
moyenue, Meningeal artery, middle—a. MSning-
iennepostSrieure, Prevertebral artery—a. Menton-
viire, Mental foramen—a. MesocSphalique, Basi-
lary artery — a.  Mesocoliqtte :  see Colic artery —
a. Mtisrttl.aire du bras, Arteria profunda humeri
—a. Miisculnire du bras, grande: see Collateral
arteries of the arm—a. Musculaire grande de la
cuisse, Arteria profunda femoris—a. Opisthogqs-
trique, Coeliac artery — a. Orbitaire, Ophthalmic
artery — a.  de  I'Ovaire,  Spermatic  artery — a.
Pelvi-crnrale, Crural artery — a. Pelvi-crurale,
Iliac artery—a.  Pelvienne, Hypogastric artery—
a. Premiere des thoraciques, Arteria thoracica
externa  superior — a.  PrSvertebrale, Preverte-
bral  artery — a.  Radio-carpienne   transversale
palmaire. Radio-carpal  artery—a. Scrotale, Pu-
dic, external, artery — a.  Sotts-claviere, Subcla-
vian artery — a. Soua-pttbio-f(morale, Obturator
artery—a. Sous-pubienne, Pudic, internal, artery
—n. Sous-sternal, Mammary,  internal—--a. SphS-
no-Spineuae, Meningeal  artery, middle—«. Stomo-
gastriqne, Coronary artery — a. Sua-carpienne :
see  Sus-carpien — a.  Sus-maxillaire, Alveolar
artery — a.   Sus-maxillaire, Buccal artery — n.
Siis-nii'tntarsienite, Metatarsal artery—a.  Sus-
pubieune,   Epigastric  artery — a.   Testiculaire,
Spermatic artery—a Thoraciqtte  humSrale,  Acro-
mial artery — a.  TrachSlocervical:  see  Cerebral
arteries — a.  TrochantSrienne, Circumflex  artery
of the thigh—a. Troisilme dea thoraciques,  Acro-
mial artery — a.  Tympanique, Auditory artery,
external—a. UvSale: see Ciliary artery—a. Vul-
vaire. Pudic, external,  artery.
   ARTERIA, Artery—a. Ad Cutem Abdominis,
see Ad Cutem abdominis, (arteria)—a. Anonyma,
Innominata artery—a. Aspera,  Trachea—a. Ce-
rebralis, Carotid, internal—a. Cervicalis, Basilary
 artery — a.  Coronaria dextra, Pyloric artery — a.
 Crassa,  Aorta — a.  Cruralis,  Crural  artery — a.
 Externa Cubiti, Radial artery—a. Dorsalis  meta-
 carpi, Metacarpal artery—a.  Durae  matris  media
 maxima, Meningeal artery, middle—a. Encepha-
 lica. Carotid,  internal — a.  Gastrica  superior,
 Coronary artery—a. Ileo-colica rsee Colic arteries
 —a. Uiaca  interna, Hypogastric  artery—a. Iliaca
 posterior, Hypogastric artery — a. Magna, Aorta
 —a. Magna pollicis, Princeps pollicis—a. Malleo-
 laris externa: see Tibial arteries—a. Malleolaris
 interna: see Tibial arteries — a. Mammaria ex-
 terna, A. Thoracica externa inferior—a. Maxima,
 Aorta—a. Media anastomotica : see Colic arteries
 —a. Meningtea-media, Meningeal artery, middle
 — a. Muscularis femoris, A. Profunda femoris —
 a. Pharyngea suprema, Pterygoid artery—a. Pro-
 funda- cerebri:  see Cerebral arteries—a. Pudenda
 communis, Pudic,  internal,  artery — a. Pudica,
  Pudic,  internal,  artery — a.  Ramulus  ductfis
  Ptery^oidei, Pterygoid  artery — a.  Spheno-spi-
  rosa, Meningeal artery, middle—a. Spinales, Spi-
  nal arteries — a. Spinalis, A. Profunda humeri —
  a. Sternalis, Mammary, internal—a. Supra-orbi-
  talis. Frontal  artery—a. Sylviana: see Cerebral
  arteries—a. Thoracica axillaris vel  alaris, Scapu-
  lar  artery,  inferior — a.  Thoracica humeralis,
  Acromial  artery — a.  Transversalis  colli:  see
  Cerebral arteries—a. Transversalis humeri, Sca-
  pular artery, superior—a. Ulnaris,  Cubital artery
  — a. Uterina  hypoirastrica,  Uterine artery — a.
  Vasta posterior, A. Profunda femoris.
    ARTE'RIAC, Arterlaeus.  A  medicine  pre-
  scribed in diseases of the windpipe.  Also arte-
  rial.
4               ARTERITIS
I   ARTE'RI/E ADIPO'SiE.  The arteries which
 secrete the fat about the kidneys are sometimes
 so called. They are ramifications of the capsular,
 diaphragmatic, renal, and spermatic  arteries.
   Artkrije Apoplectics, Carotids—a. Capitales,
 Carotids—a. Ciliares, Ciliary arteries—a. Corporis
 callosi cerebri, Mesolobar arteries—a. Jugulares,
 Carotids—a. Lethargicae, Carotids—a. Mesolobi-
 cae,  Mesolobar arteries — a. Praeparantcs,  Sper-
 matic arteries—a. Somniferae, Carotids—a.  Sopo-
 rales, Carotids — a. Soporariae,-Carotids — u. Vc-
 nosae, Pulmonary veins.
    ARTE'RIAL,  Arterlaeus,'Arteriosus.    Be-
 longing  to  arteries.
    Arterial  Blood,  (F.)  Sang artSriel.   Red
 blood is so  cnlled because contained  in the  arte-
 ries. The  pulmonary veins, however, also con-
 tain red blood :  hence the name  arterial  veins,
 (¥.) Veines artSrielles, applied  to them.
    Arterial Constitution, Plethora arteriosa.
    Arte'rial Duct,  Cana'lia arterio'aua, Ductus
 arterio'sus  seu  Botallii, (¥.)  Canal artSriel, C.
 Pulmo-aortique, is the portion of the pulmonary
 artery which ternfinates in the aorta  in the foetus.
 When  this  duct  is obliterated after birth, it is
 called Arte'rial Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum arterio'-
 sum, (¥.) Ligament artSriel.
    Arterial  System includes all  the arteries,
 from their origin in  the heart to their termina-
  tion in the organs.   See Vascular System.
    ARTERIALIZATION  OF  THE  BLOOD,
  Haematosis.
    ARTERIARCTIE, from aprnpta,  'artery,' and
  arcto, 'I straiten.'  Contraction of an artery.
    ARTERIECTASIS, Aneurism.
    ARTERIECTOP'IA,  from  aprnpta, 'artery,'
  and tKToiros, 'out of place.'   Dislocation  of an
  artery.
    ARTERIEURYSMA, Aneurism.
    ARTERIITIS, Arteritis.
    ARTERIODIALYSIS, see Aneurism.
    ARTERIOGRAPHY, Arteriogra'phia: from
  aprnpta, 'artery,' and  ypaipr), 'a description.' A
  description of the arteries.
    ARTERIOLA.   A small artery.
    ARTERIOL'OGY, Arteriolog"ia; from  apm-
  pta, 'artery,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' A treatise
  on  the arteries.
    ARTERIO-PHLEEOTOMY, see  Bloodletting.
    ARTE'RIO-PITU'ITOUS.   An   epithet ap-
  plied to vessels which creep along the interior of
  the nostrils.—Ruysch.
    ARTERIORRHENIS, see Aneurism.
    ARTERIOS'ITAS, Arterios'ity,  from arteria,
  'an artery.'  A condition  of the  blood in  which
  it preserves in the veins the arterial character.—
  The opposite to Venositas.
    Arteriositas  Sanguinis, Praedominium san-
  guinis arteriosi.
    ARTERIOSTEIE, from aprnpta, 'artery,'and
  oareov,  'a bone.'  Ossification of  an artery.—
  Piorry.
    ARTERIOSTENO'SIS, from aprnpta, 'artery,'
  and artvos, 'contracted.'  Contraction or  oblite-
  ration of an artery.
     ARTERIOT'OMY, Arteriotom'ia, from apmpu,
   'an artery,1 and rtpva,  'I cut'  This word hat
   been used for the dissection  of arteries.   Most
   commonly, however, it means a  surgical  opera-
   tion, which consists in opening  an  artery, lo
   draw blood from it.  Arteriotomy is chiefly used
   in  inflammatory affections of the head, when the
   blood is  generally obtained from  the temporal
   artery.  See Bloodletting.
     ARTERI'TIS, Arterii'tis, Inflamma'tio Arte-
   ria'rum, (¥.) ArtSrite, Inflammation des arthes;
   from aprnpta, 'an artery,' and itis,  a termination
   denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of an ar- 
ARTERY                   95                  ARTERY
 tery.   Inflammation  of  the inner  coat  of an
•artery is  termed Endo-arterl tis, or  Endonar-
 terltis;  of  the  outer,  Exo-arterltis  or  Exar-
 terltis.
   AR'TERY, Arte'ria,  (¥.) Artlre,  from  anp,
 'air,' and  njptiv,  'to preserve,' quasi, 'receptacle
 of air,' because the ancients believed that it con-
 tained air.   They, at first, gave the name Artery
 to the trachea, aprnpta rpaxeta, because it is filled
 with  air; and  afterwards they  used the same
 term  for the arteries, properly so called, probably
 because  they commonly found them etnpty in the
 dead body.   We  find, also,  <f>\sjies  to designate
 the arteries, called by the Latins Vena mican'tes
 pulsat'iles.   Arteries, with the moderns, signify
 the order of  vessels, which arise from the two
 ventricles of the  heart, and have valves only at
 their origin.   They are  cylindrical,  firm,  and
 elastic canals ; of a yellowish white colour; little
 dilatable; easily lacerable ; and formed, 1. Of an
 external, laminated, or areolar  membrane,  Tu'-
 nica  externa seu  adventil'ia seu cellula'ris,  Va-
 gina  cellula'ris, of a dense and close  character.
 2. Of a middle coat, Tu'nica»me'dia  seu elas'-
 tica,  composed of fibres, which do not, however,
 contract on the application of the galvanic  stimu-
 lus, formed  chiefly of elastic tissue,  and also of
 smooth  muscular fibres, and eminently elastic;
 and,  3.  Of an inner  coat, Tu'nica  in'tima  seu
 glabra, which is thin,  diaphanous, reddish,  and
 polished.
   The use of the arteries is to  carry the blood
 from  the heart to the various parts of the system.
 It will be obvious, however,  that they cannot all
 convey arterial blood.   The pulmonary artery,
 for example, is  destined to convey the venous
 blood to  the lungs, there to be converted  into
 arterial;  whilst  the pulmonary veins  convey
 arterial  blood back to the heart.

 table of the principal arteries of the body.
   All the  arteries take  their rise from the Pul-
 monary  Artery, or the  Aorta;  and the names
 generally indicate the parts  to which  they are
 distributed.

            I.  Arteria  Pulmonalis.
   The Pulmonary Artery  arises from the right
 ventricle, and soon divides into a right and  left
 branch, one of which is distributed to each lung.

               II. Arteria Aorta.
   The Aorta  arises from the left  ventricle.   It is
 the common  trunk of the arteries of the  body,
 and may be divided into five portions.
  a. Arteries furnished by the Aorta at its origin.
     1. A. Cardiaca or coronaria anterior.
     2. A. Cardiaca or coronaria posterior.

   b. Arteries  furnished by  the Aorta at its arch.
   The arch of the Aorta gives off, to  the left,  two
 considerable  trunks—the  Arteria carotidea pri-
 mitiva, and A. subclavia; and,  to the right, a
 pintle trunk, which is larger—the A.  innominata,
 or Brachio-cephalica, which divides into the pri-
 mitive carotid and subclavian.
 A. Auteria  Ca.ro-f Divides into  A. Carotidea externa,
   tidea primitiva.\  and A. Carotidea interna.
          Furnishes, 1. A. Thyroidea superior.
            2. A. lingualis,  which gives off the A.  dor-
                salis linguae and A. sublingualis.
            3. A. facialis  vel A.  Maxillaris externa,
                which furnishes the A. palatina infe-
                rior, the A. submentals, and A. coro-
                naria superior and inferior.
            4. A. occipitalis,  which  gives off  the A.
                mastoidea posterior.
            6. A. auricularis posterior, which gives off
                A. stylo-mastoidea.
            6. A. pharyngea inferior.
a A. Ca
rotidea
externa.
  2. A
Maxilla-
ris in-
terna.
b. A. Ca-
rotidea
interna.
  The external carotid ultimately divides into the ten>
poral artery and internal maxillary.

   •  A- J Furnishes  A. transversalis faciei, A. aurict>
 e."     |  laris anterior, and A. temporalis media.
         ( Furnishes  13 branches,  viz.—A.  meningea
           media,.A. dentaris inferior, A. temporalis
           profunda posterior,  A.  masselerina,  A.
           pteryyoiilea, A. buccalis, A.  tempi/rulis pro-
           funda anterior,  A.  alveolar is,  A. subvrbU
           taris, A. vidiana,  A. pterjyopulatina  or
           pharyngea  superior,  A.  palatina superior,
           and A. sp/tenopalalina.
         Furnishes, 1.  A. ophtlialmica, which gives
           off A. lacryinalis,  A. centralis retiuie,  A.
           supraorbitaria vel  superciliaris, A. ciliares
           posteriores. A.  ciliares lou^ie, A. niuscu-
           laris  superior et inferior,  A.  ethmoidalis
           posterior et anterior, A. palpebralis supe-
           rior et inferior, A. nasalis,  and A. frontar
           lis.  2 A.  communicans  Willesii.  3.  A.
           cltoroidea.  4. A. cerebralis anterior.   5. A.
           cerebralis media-
         ' Furnishes, 1. A. vertebralis, which gives off
           A. spinalis anterior  et posterior, A. cere-
           bellosa inferior, aud  forms—by uniting it-
           self with that of the opposite side—the A.
           basilaris, divided into  A. cerebellosa su-
           perior and A.  cerebralis posterior.   2. A
           thyroidal inferior, which gives Off A. cer-
           vicalis ascendens.   3.  A. mammaria in-
           terna, which  gives  off tbe A. mediastina
           anterior  and A. diaphragmatiea superior.
           4. A. intercostalis superior.  5. A. ctrvicaf
           lis transversa.  6. A. scapularis superior.
           7. A.  cervicalis posterior  vel profunda,.
           Farther  on, the subclavian artery  conti-
           tinues its progress under the name A. axil-
           laris.
         Furnishes, 1. A. acromialis.  2. A. thoracica
           superior.  3. A. thoracica inferior vel limga
           vel mammaria externa.  4.  A. scapularis
           inferior vel communis.  5.  A.  circumfltxa
           posterior.  6. A. circumfltxa anterior.  Far-
           ther on, the axillary artery continues un-
           der the name A. brachialis.
         Furnishes A. humeralis profunda vel collate-
           ralis  externa.   2. A. collateralis  interna.
           It afterwards divides into the radial and
           cubital arteries.
         Gives off A. recurrens radialis,  A. dorsalis
           carpi,  A. dorsalis  metacarpi,  A. dorsalis
           pollicis, and  terminates in forming  the
           Arcus palmaris profundus.
         "Gives off A. recurrens  cubitalis anterior and
           posterior:  A. interossea  anterior and pos-
           terior, which latter furnishes A. recurrent
           radialis posterior.  It terminates in form-
           ing the  superficial  palmar arch, which
           gives off A. coUaterales digitorum.
  B. Ar-
 TERrX
SUBCLA.-  j
  VIA.
A. Axil-
  laris.
A. Bra
 chialis.
1. A. Ra-
 dialis.
2. A. Cu-
 bitalis.
C Arteriea given off by the Aorta in the Thorax.

            1. A. Bronchica, dextra et sinistra.
            2. A. asophagoTa (to the number of four,
               five, or six).
            3. A. mediastinal posteriores.
            4. A.  intercostales  inferiores vel  aortica
               (to the number of eight, nine, or ten).

d. Arteriea furnished by the Aorta in the Abdomen.
 These
arteries
 are,
 These
branches-
  are.
  2. A
Casliaca.
  3.  A
  Mesen-
  terica
superior.
  4.  A
 t/ttsen-
  terica
inferior.
1.  The  A. diaphragmatica vel phrenica,
    dextra et sinistra.
Which divides into three branches, 1. A. co-
  ronaria ventriculi. 2. A. Hepatica, which
  gives  off A.  pyloric*,  A. gastro-epiploica
  dextra, and A. cystica;  and, lastly,  the A.
  splenica, which gives off A. gastro-epiplo-
  ica sinistra and Vasa brevia.
Which gives off at its concavity the A. co-
  lica dextra  superior, media et inferior, and
  at its convex  part from 15 to 20 Kami in-
  testinales.
        Which gives  off A.  colica superior media,
          and inferior,  and divides into  A. haemor-
          rhoidales superiores.
6. The A. Oapsulares media (to the number of two on
    each side).
6. A. Benales vel Emulgentes.
1. A. Spermatica.
8. A. Lumbares (to the number of four and five on
    each side). 
ARTETISCUS              96              ARTHROLOGY
Uva.
a. A. Il-
 iaca in-
 terna.
e. Arteries resulting from the Bifurcation of the
                    Aorta.
 The Aorta, a little above its Bifurcation, gives off
the  A. sacra media, and divides into A. iliaca primi-
tives.
Avl]'^ [Divides into A. Iliaca interna and A. Iliaca
        j   externa.
        'Furnishes. 1.  A. ilio-Himbaris.  2. A. sacra
           lateralis. 3. A ylutea vel iliaca posterior.
           4. A. umbilicalis.   5. A. vesicalis.  6. A.
           obturatoria.   7. A. horinorrlwidea media.
           8.  A.  uterina.  9. A.  vaginalis.  10. A.
           ischiatica.  11. A. pwlenda interna, which
           gives off the A. hemorrhoidal inferiores.
           A.  of the  septum,  A. transversa  perinei,
           A. corporis cavernosi, and A. dorsalis pmis.
        'Furnishes, 1. A. epigastrica,  2. A. iliaca an-
           terior vel circumfiexa ilii, and is continued
           afterwards under the name of Crural Ar-
b.  A. II
 iaca ex-
 terna.
A. Cru-
  ralis.
A. Pop-
 litaea.
2. A. Ti
 biaiis
postica
tery.
        'Furnishes, 1. .4. subcutanea abdomindlis.  2.
          A. pudenda superficialis and profunda.  3.
          A. muscularis superficialis. 4. A. muscu-
          laris profunda, which gives off the A. cir-
          cumfiexa externa and interna,  and the
          three Perforantes, distinguished  into su-
          perior, middle, and inferior.  Farther on,
          the crural artery continues under the name
          A. Poplitma.
         Furnishes,  1. A. ArtietHares superiores, in-
          terna,  media, et  externa.  2.  A.  Gtmella.
          3. A. Articulares inferiores,'interna et ex-
          terna.  4. A  tibialis antica, which, at the
          foot, takes the name A. dorsalis tarsi, and
          gives off the tarsal and metatarsal arte-
          ries.  In the leg, the popliteal  artery di-
          vides  into  the  peroneal and  posterior
          tibial.
1. A. Pe- {'Divides into A. peronaa antica and A. peronaa
 ronata.  )  postica.
        "Divides  into  A. plantaris  interna and A.
          plantaris externa.  The latter, by anasto-
           mosing with the A. dorsalis tarsi, forms
           the  plantar  arch, whence arise Rami su-
          periores vel  perforantes postici,  R. Inferi-
          ores postici et antici, which give  off  Rami
           perforantes antici.
   Artery,  Angular, Facial  artery—a.  Articu-
lar, Circumflex artery—a. Brachiocephalic, Inno-
minata arteria—a.  Central of the retina,  Central
artery of the retina—a.  Central of Zinn,  Central
artery of the  retina — a.  Cephalic,  Carotid—a.
Cerebral  posterior, Vertebral—a.  Cervieo-scapu-
lar, see Cervical arteries—a. Coronary of the lips,
Labial artery—a, Crotaphite, Temporal artery—
a. Fibular,  Peroneal artery — a. Gastric  inferior,
Gastro-epiploic  artery — a.  Gastro-hepatic, see
Gastro-epiploic artery—a. Genital, Pudic (inter-
nal)  artery—a. Guttural inferior,  Thyroideal A.
inferior—a. Guttural superior, Thyroideal A. su-
perior—a.  Humeral,  Brachial artery—a.  Iliac
posterior,  Gluteal  artery—a. Iliaco-muscular,
Ileo-lumbar artery—a. Labial, Facial artery—a.
Laryngeal  superior, Thyroideal artery,  superior
—a. Maxillary internal, Facial artery—a. Median
of the sacrum, Sacral artery, anterior—a. Nasal,
 lateral, large, Spheno-palatine artery—a. Palato-
 labial,  Facial artery—a. Pericephalic,  Carotid
 (external) — a. Pharyngeal,  superior,  Pterygo-
 palatine  artery—a. Phrenic,  Diaphragmatic ar-
 tery—a.  Posterior, of the brain, see Cerebral ar-
 teries—a. External scapular, Acromial  artery—
 a. Spinal, Meningeal  artery,  middle—a. Subcla-
 vian right,  Innominata arteria—a.  Subscapular,
 Scapular artery, inferior—a. Superficial of the
 abdomen, Ad  cutem  abdominis (arteria)—a. Su-
 pra maxillary,  Alveolar  artery — a.  Suprarenal,
 Capsular artery—a. Thoracic, internal, Mammary
 internal—a. Urethro-bulbar, Transverse  perineal
 artery — a. Vesico-prostatic,  Vesical artery — a.
 Vidian, Pterveoid artery.
   ARTETIS'CUS, from artus, 'a limb.'  One who
 has  lost  a limb.'
   ARTEURYSMA, Aneurism.
   ARTHANI'TA, from apros, 'bread;'  the Cyc'-
lamen  or Sowbread.  It was formerly made into
ointment,  Unguen'tum  Arthani'ta,  with  many
other substances, and was employed  as a purga-
tive, being rubbed on the abdomen.
  Arthanita Cyclamen, Cyclamen.
  ARTIIETICA, Teucrium chamajpitys.
  ARTHRAGRA,  Gout—a. Anomala, Gout, an-
omalous—a. Genuina,  Gout, regular—a. Legiti-
ma, Gout, regular—a. Normalis, Gout, regular—
a. Vera, Gout, regular.
  ARTHRALGIA, Arthrodynia, Gout  See Lead
rheumatism.
  ARTHRELCO'SIS,  from apSpov, 'a joint,' and
'cXkwois,  'ulceration.'   Ulceration of a joint.
  ARTHREMBOLE'SIS,  same etymon as the
next.  The reduction of a fracture or luxation.
  ARTHREM'BOLUS, from  ap$pov, 'a  joint,'
ev, 'in,' and PaXXut, 'I  cast'  An ancient instru-
ment used in the reduction of dislocations.
  ARTHRETICA, Teucrium chamaepitys.
  ARTHRIT'IC, Arthrit'icus, Gouty, from apSpov,
'a joint'  (¥.) Arthritique, Goutteux.  That which
relates to gout or arthritis, as arthritic symptoms,
&c.   See Podagric.
  ARTHRITICUS VERUS, Gout.
  ARTHRITIF'UGUM, from  arthritis, 'gout,'
and fugare, 'to  drive away.'   A  remedy that
drives away gout.  Heyden terms  cold  water,
internally,  the arthritif ugum magnum.
   ARTHRITIS,  Gout, Arthrophlogosis, Arthro-
sia—a. Aberrans,  Gout (wandering)—a. Acuta,
 Gout  (regular)—a.  Arthrodynia, Rheumatism,
chronic—a. Asthenica, Gout (atonic)—a. Atonic/
 Gout  (atonic)—a.  Diaphragmatica, Angina Pec-
 toris—a. Erratica,  Gout (wandering)—a. Hydrar-
 thros, Hydrarthrus—a. Inflammatoria, Gout (re-
 gular) —a. Juvenilis, see Rheumatism, acute—a,
 Maxillaris,  Siagonagra—a. Nodosa, Gout fwith
 nodosities)—a. Planetica,  Gout (wandering)—a.
 Podagra, Gout—a. Rheumatica, see Rheumatism,
 acute—a.  Rheumatismus,  Rheumatism, acute—
 a. Retrograda,  Gout (retrograde).
   ARTHROC'ACE, from apSpov, 'a joint,' and
 xaxos, 'bad.'  Disease of the joints; and  espe-
 cially caries of the  articular  surfaces.   Spina
 ventosa.
   Arthrocace Coxarum, Coxarum morbus.
   ARTHR0CAC0L0G"IA, from arthrocacia-
 according to Rust, a chronic disease of the joints;
 and Xoyos, ' a description.'   A treatise on chronu
 diseases of the joints.
   ARTHROCARCINO'MA, from apSpov, 'a
 'joint,'  and tcaptavwpa, 'cancer.'  Cancer of the
 joints.
   ARTHROCHONDRI'TIS, from apV*,'a
 joint,' xov$P°St <a  cartilage,' and itis,  denoting
 inflammation.  Inflammation  of the  cartilages
 and joints.
   ARTHRO'DIA, from ap$pov, 'a joint'  Adar-
 ticttla'tio, (¥.)  Enfoncure,  Enfonceure.   A move-
 able joint, formed by  the head  of a bone applied
 to the surface of a shallow socket, so that it can
 execute movements in every direction.  Arthro'-
 dium is ' a small joint;' diminutive of Arthrodia.
   ARTHRODYN'IA, Arthronal'gia, Arthralgia,
 from  ap$pov, 'a joint,' and o&vvn, 'pain.'   Articu-
 lar pain.   Pain in the joints.   See Rheumatism,
 chronic.
   Arthrodynia Podaorica, Gout
   ARTHROGRAPHY,   Arthrograph'ia,  from
 apSpov,  'a joint,' and ypaajui,  'I write.'   A de-
 scription of the ioints.
   ARTHROGRYPOSIS, from aptpov, 'a joint,
 and  ypvtrout, 'I  incurvate.'  Malposition  of thl
  joints, especially  of the hands  and feet
   ARTHROHYDRINE, Synovia
    ARTHROL'OGY,  Arthrolog»ia,  from apS,»,
  '& joint,' and  Xoyos, 'a description.' A deserip-
l tion of the joints.  The anatomy of the joints.
the 
ARTHROMBOLE          97              ARTIFICIAL
  ARTnROMBOLE,  from  apSpov, and  0aXXo>, |
'I cast.'   Coaptation, reduction.   Reduction of ,
a luxated or fractured bone.                    |
  ARTHROMENINGITIS, Meningarthrocaee.
  ARTHRON, 'a joint'   The ancients used the
word Arthron  for tiie articulation  of bones with
motion, in  opposition to  Symphysis, or articula-
tion without motion.
  ARTHRONALGIA, Arthrodynia.
  ARTIIRON'CUS, Arthrophy'ma, from aptyov,
'a joint,'  and  oynos, 'a  swelling.'  Tumefaction
of a joint
  ARTHRONEMPYESIS, Arthropyosis.
  ARTHROPATHY, Arthropathia, from apSpov,
'a joint,' and ttoSos,-'affection.'  A disease of the
joints.
  ARTHROPHLOGO'SIS, from ap$pov, 'a joint,'
and ifiXtyia, ' I burn ;'  Arthritis, Ostarthro'sis.
Inflammation  of the joints.
  ARTHROPHLOGOSIS SYNOVIALIS, Syno-
vitis.
   ARTHROPHYMA    ADENOCIIONDRIUM,
see Adenochondrius.
   ARTIIROPYO'SIS,   Arthronempye'sis,  from
ap$pov, 'a joint,'  and ttvov, 'pus.' Suppuration
 or abscess of  the joints.
   ARTHRO-RIIEUMATISMUS,  Rheumatism
 (acute).
   ARTHRO'SIA,  from   ap$pou>,  'I  articulate.'
 Arthritis, (of  some).  Inflammation, mostly con-
 fined to the joints; severely painful; occasionally
 extending to the surrounding  muscles.  A genus
•of diseases in the Nosology of Good, including
 Rheumatism, Gout, Articular inflammation, Joint-
 ache, Ac.
   Arthrosia  Acuta,  Rheumatism, acute — a.
 Chronica, Rheumatism,  chronic—a. Lumborum,
 Lumbago—a.  Podagra,  Gout—a. Podagra coin-
 plicata,  Gout  (retrograde)—a. Podagra larvata,
 Gout  (atonic)—a. Podagra regularis, Gout  (re-
 gular).
   ARTHROSIS,  Articulation.
   ARTHROSPOX'GUS, from apSpov, 'a joint,'
 and avoyyos,  'a sponge.'  A  white,  fungous tu-
 mour  of the joints.
   ARTHROTRAU'MA,  from ap&pov, 'a joint,'
 and rpuvpa, 'a wound.'  A wound of  a joint.
   AR'TIA.   According  to some, this word is sy-
 nonymous with aprnpta; others  use it synony-
 mously with  Trachea.
   ARTICHAUT, Cynara scolvmus.
   ARTICHOKE, Cynara scolymus.
   ARTICLE,  Articulation—a.   of  Death, see
  Psychorages.
   ARTICOCALUS, Cynara scolymus.
   ARTICULAR, Articula'ris,  (¥.)  Articnlaire,
 from art us, 'a joint;' articulus,  'a small joint'
 That  which relates to the  articulations—as the
 articular capsules, &c.
   Articular Arteries of the Arm, Circumflex
 arteries of the arm.
   Artic'tlar  Ar'teries  of the  Knee  arise
 from the popliteal artery, and surround the tibio-
 femoral articulation.  Although  of a small size,
 they are important, as they furnish blood to the
 lower extremity after the operation for popliteal
 aneurism.  They are distinguished into superior
 and  inferior.  The  superior articular arteries,
  popliteal  articular arteries, are commonly three
 in number; one of which is internal,  another ex-
 trrnal, and another middle, the az'ygous artic'-
 ular.  The first,  Ramus anastomolicns magnus,
 anastomoses by one branch with the external cir-
 i\imflex, and  by another with the external supe-
 rior articular.  The second  anastomoses with the
 eternal  circumflex, the superior internal arti-
 cular, and the inferior  external  articular;  and
 the third is distributed within the joint.  The in-
 ferior articular arteries  are two  in number : an
       7
internal and external.  The former  anastomoses
with the internal superior articular and the ex-
ternal inferior articular.  The latter anastomoses
with the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial,
and the  external superior articular.  To  each
articular artery there is an articular nerve.
  Artic'ular  Facettes' are  the  contiguous
surfaces, by means of which the bones are arti-
culated.
  Articular Processes, see Vertebras.
  Artic'ular  Veins  of the  knee follow the
same course as  the arteries.
  ARTICULATED, Articula'tus, (¥.) Artieule,
same etymon as Articulation.  Provided with, or
united by, articulations; as an ' articulated skele-
ton.'   See  Skeleton, articulated; and Voice, ar-
ticulated.
  ARTICULATIO, Articulation—a. Artificialis,
Pseudarthrosis—a. Notha, Pseudarthrosis.
  ARTICULA'TIOX,  Joint,  Artieula'tio,  Ar-
throsis, Assarthro'sis, Artie'ttlus, Junctu'ra, Cola,
Coitjunc'tio,  Nodus,   Commissu'ra, Compa'ges,
Syntax'is, Har'mus,  Vertic'ula, Vertie'ulus,  Ver-
tic'ulttm, (¥.) Articulation, Article.  By some of
the French surgeons and anatomists, article  is
restricted more particularly to a movable articu-
lation.   Same etymon.  The union of bones with-
each other, as well as the kind of union.

           table of articulations.

  Articulations are generally divided into Diar-
throses  or movable  articulations,  and  Synar-
throaea or immovable.
              il. Amphiarthrosis.
               2. Diarthrosis, orbicu-/ Enarthrosis.
                 lar vague.       \Arthrodia.
               3. Alternative or Ginglymug,  which
                 admits of varieties.
               1. Suture.

              I Gome's.                     |
              4. Schindylesis.
   The articulations  are  subject to  a number of
 diseases, which are  generally somewhat severe.
 These, may be physical, as wounds,  sprains, luxa-
 tions,  &c.; or they may be organic, as ankylosis,
 extraneous bodies, caries, rheumatism, gout, hy-
 drarthroses, arthropyosis, &c.
   Articulation means also the  combination of
 letters which constitute words.  See Voice.
   Articulation, False, Pseudarthro'aia, Artie'-
 ulua falsus,  {¥.) A. fausse, A.  uccidentelle, A.
 contre nature, A. anormale.  A false joint, formed
 between fragments of bone, that have remained
 ununited; or  between a luxated bono  and the
 surrounding parts.
   ARTICULATION  SURNUMERA1RE,
 Pseudarthrosis—a. en  Charnilre, Ginglymus—a.
 de la Hanche,  Coxo-femoral articulation.
   ARTICULI DIGITORUM MANUS,  Phalan.
 ges of the  fingers—a. Digitorum pedis, Phalanges
 of the toes.
   ARTICULO MORTIS, see Psychorages —a.
 Spinalis, Semispinalis colli.
   ARTICULUS  NOVUS,   Pseudarthrosis—a.
 Praeternaturalis,   Pseudarthrosis — a.  Spurius,
 Pseudarthrosis.
   ARTIFICIAL, Artificia'lis,  (¥.)  Artificiei,
 from  ars, artis,  'art'  and facere,  'to make.'
 That whioh is  formed  by art
   Artificial Eyes  are usually made of enamel,
 and represent a sort of hollow hemisphere, which
 is applied  beneath the eyelids, when the eye  is
 lost.
   Artificial  Teeth  are made of ivory, porce-
 lain, &c.
   Pieces  d'Anatomie  Artificielles, are prepara-
 tions  of anatomy, modelled  in wax, plaster, pa-
 per, &c. 
ARTISCOCCUS  L-EVIS       98
ASARUM
  ARTISCOCCUS L/EVIS, Cynara scolymus.
  ARTIS'CUS,  from apros,  'bread.'  See Tro-
chiscus.  A troch of the shape of a small loaf.
Also, and especially, a troch made of vipers.
  ARTOCARPUS.   The Bread-fruit Tree, (F.)
Jaquier, from apros, 'bread,'  and tcapiros, 'fruit.'
A  Polynesian  tree, so called bocause the  fruit,
which is milky, and juicy, supplies the place of
bread to the inhabitants.  It grows to the height
of 40 feet.
  Artocarpus Integrifolia, Caoutchouc.
  ARTOC'REAS, from  apros, 'bread,' and  Kptas,
'flesh.'  A kind of nourishing food  made of va-
rious aliments boiled together.—Galen.
  ARTOG'ALA, from apros,  'bread,' and  yaXa,
' niiik.'  An alimentary  preparation  of bread and
milk.   A poultice.
  ARTOM'ELL from apros, 'bread,' and  utXi,
'honey.'   A cataplasm  of  bread and honey.—
Galen.
  ARTUS, Membrura.
  ARTYMA, Aroma, Condiment
  ARUM, A. maculatum, and A. triphyllum—a.
Americanum beta? foliis, Dracontium foetidum.
  Arum  Dracon'tium,   Arisa'ma  dracon'tium,
Green  Dragon; indigenous,  has probably  the
same medical properties as A. triphyllum.
  Arum  Dracun'culus, A.  polyphyllum,  Dra-
cun'culua  polyphyllua,   Colubrlna  Dracon'tia,
Erva  de Sancta. Maria, Gig'arus  serpenta'ria,
Serjienta'ria Gallo'rnm.   Family, Aracea?.  Sex.
Syst. Moncecia Polyandria. The roots and leaves
are very  acrimonious.   The plant resembles the
A. macula'turn in its properties.
  Arum  Escclen'tum,  Cala'dium  esculen'tum.,
Taro, Kalo.  The foliage and roots  possess acrid
qualities, which are dissipated by baking or boil-
ing ; in which form it  is  used  as  food by  the
people of Madeira, the Polynesians, <fec.
  Arum  M.vcula'tum, Aron, Arum  (of the older
writers), A. vulga're, Cuckow Pint, (Prov.) Cocky-
baby, Barba Aaro'nis, Serpenta'ria  minor, Zin'-
giber  German'icum,  Sacerdo'tis penis,   Wake
Robin, Priest's pintle, (F.) Gouet, Pied de  Veau,
Pied de lilvre, Picotin, Giron, Amidonnilre.  The
fresh root is stimulant internally.  Dose, ^j. of
the  dried  root  Externally, it  is  very  acrid.
From the root of this Arum a starch is prepared,
which is called Portland Island Sago, Gersa ser-
penta'ria,   Cerus'sa  serpenta'ria,   Fec'ula  ari
macula'ti.
   Arum, Three-Leaved, Arum triphyllum.
   Arum   Triphyl'lum,  Arisa'ma   atrorubens,
Three-leaved arum, (¥.) Pied de Veau triphylle,
Indian Turnip, Dragon  Root, Dragon  Turnip,
Pepper Turnip.   This plant  grows  all over  the
United States, and is received into  the Pharma-
copoeia under the title  Arum.  The recent root,
or  Cormus—Arum, (Ph. U. S.)—is  very acrimo-
nious, and has been employed in asthma, croup,
and hooping-cough.   Boiled  in lard, it has been
used in tinea capitis, and in milk in consumption.
   Arum Virginicum, Peltandra Virginica—a.
Vulgare, A. maculatum—a. Water,  Calla palus-
tris.
   ARUM ARI, Caramata.
   ARUXDO  BAMBOS,  Bamboo —a.  Brachii
'major, Ulna — a. Brachii minor, Radius — a. In-
dica, Sagittarium alexipharmacum — a. Major,
Tibia — a. Minor, Fibula—a. Saccharifera,  see
Saccharum.
   ARVA, Ava.
   ARVUM, Vulva—a.  Naturae, Uterus.
   ARY-ARYTENOID.EUS,  Arytenoidaeus —a.
 Epiglotticus, Arytaeno-epiglotticus.
   ARYT^E'NA, apvraiva, ' a ladle.'  Hence,
   A R Y T IE ' N 0 - EPIGLOT'TICUS, Aryta'no-
npiglottida'us, Ary-epiglolticus.  That which be-
longs to the arytenoid  cartilages and epiglottis.
Winslow gives this name to small, fleshy fasci-
culi, which are attached, at one extremity, to the
arytenoid cartilages, and, by the other, to the free
edo-e of the epiglottis.  These fibres do not al-
ways exist.  They  form part  of  the arytenoid
muscle of modern anatomists.
  ARYT'ENOID, ArytattoVdes, Arytenoida'tts,
from apvraiva,' a ladle,' and ttios,' shape.'  Ladle-
shaped.
  Arytenoid Car'tilages, Cartilag"inea  aryte-
noi'dea sen guttttra'lea seu guttttrlua seu gutturi-
for'mes seu triq'uetra, Guttur'nia, are two carti-
lages of the larynx, situate posteriorly above the
cricoid, which, by  approximation, diminish tbe
aperture of the glottis.   Their upper extremities
or cornua are turned towards each other, and are
now and then found loose, in the form of appen-
dices, which are considered, by some, as distinct
cartilages,  and termed  cuneiform or tuberculated
Cartilages, Cornic'ula Laryn'gia.
  Arytenoid Glands,  Gland'ula Arytenoida'a,
are small,  glandular, whitish  bodies, situate an-
terior to the A. cartilages.  They pour out  a mu-
cous fluid to lubricate the larynx.
  ARYTEXOIDjE'US, (F.)  Arytendidien.   A
small muscle,  which passes from one arytenoid
cartilage to the  other,  by its contraction brings
them together, and diminishes the aperture of
the  glottis.  Winslow divided the  muscle into
three portions;—the Arytenoida'tta tranaver'sus,
or Ary -arytenoida' us, and two Arytenoida'i ob-
IV qui.                                       ,
  ARYTHM,  Aryth'mia, from o, privative, and
pvdpos,  'rhythm,'  'measure.' Irregularity. This
word is applied chiefly  to the pulse.
  ASA, iisafoetida.  See Assa — a. Dulcis, Ben-
jamin.                                   /
  ASAFOGTI'DA, Assafce'tida (Ph. U. S.), Assa-
fet'ida,  Stercus  diab'oli,  Cibtts  Deo'rum, Asa,
Devil's dung, Food of the Gods.  A gum-resin —
the  concrete juice  of Ferula Assafce'tida, Nar-
thex Assafoetida.   Order, Umbelliferae.  It is in
small masses of a whitish, reddish, and  violet
hue, adhering together.  Taste bitter and suba-
crid : smell insupportably alliaceous.  The Asi-
atics use it regularly as a condiment.
  Its medical properties are antispasmodic, sti-
mulant,  and anthelmintic.  Dose, gr. v to  xx, in
pill.
  ASAGRJ5A OFFICINALIS, see Veratrina.
  AS'APES, Asep'ton,  properly, not putrid, from
a, privative, and aania, or ar/trta,  'I corrupt'  A
term applied by Hippocrates to  the sputa, or to
other matters evacuated, which do not give signs
of coction.
  ASAPH'ATUM, from a, privative, and  aaijuisi
'clear.'  This  term has been  applied to collec-
tions in the sebaceous follicles of the skin, which
may be pressed out like little worms, with a black
head.   See Acne.
  A SAP III'A, from  a, privative, and  aaifri,
' clear.'  Dyspho'nia immodula'ta palatina, Pa-
rapho'nia  guttttra'lis  seu palatina.   Defective
articulation, dependent upon diseased palate-
Hippocrates, Vogel.
  ASARABACCA,  Asarum—a.  Broad-leave^
Asarum Canadense.
  ASAR'COX, from a, priv., and aap^, 'flesh.'
Devoid of  flesh.  Aristotle  uses  the term for tbe
head when it is but little fleshy, compared with
the chest and abdomen.
  ASARET, Asarum —a. du Canada, Asarum
Canadense.
  ASARI'TES, from  acapov,  'the asarum.'  A
diuretic wine, of which asarum was an ingredient.
—Dioscorides.
   AS'ARUM, from a, privative, and oatpuv, 'M
adorn:  hecause  not admitted  into the ancient
coronal  wreaths [?],   As'arum Europa'um  -ui 
ASBESTOS  SCALL          99           ASCLEPIAS  ALBA
ojficina'le, Nardus Monta'na  seu Rust'ica,  Az'-
arum, (¥.) Asaret ou  Cabaret, Alarum Cabaret,
Oreille d'homme, Oreillette, Girard-Roussin, Nard
Sauvage.   Order,  Aristolochiacese,  Sex.  Syst.
Dodecandria  Monogynia.  The  plant, used  in
medicine, is the As'arum Europce'tim, Asarabac' -
ca,  and  of this  the  leaves.   They are emetic,
cathartic, and errhine, but are hardly ever em-
ployed, except for the last purpose.
  Asarum Canaden'se, A.  Carolinia'nttm, Ca-
nada Snakeroot, Wild Ginger, Colt's  Foot, Broad-
leaf Asarabacca,  Indian  Ginger, Heart Snake-
root, (¥.) Asaret du Canada.  The root As'arum,
(Ph. U. S.), is used as a substitute for ginger, and
is said  to  act as a warm stimulant  and dia-
phoretic.
  Asarum Carolinianum,  A. Canadense — a.
Europaeum, see Asarum — a.  Hypocistis, Cytinus
hypocistis—a. Officinale, see Asarum.
  ASBESTOS  SCALL, see Eczema of the  hairy
scalp.
  ASCAIN, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Ascain
is a village, situate about a league from St. Jean-
de-Luz, in France.  The water is a cold chaly-
beate.
  ASCARDAMYCTES, from a, privative, and
BKapoapvTTw, ' I twinkle the eyes.' One who stares
with  fixed eyes,  without moving the eyelids.—
Hippocrates.
  ASCARICIDA  ANTHELMINTICA, Verno-
nia anthelmintica.
  ASCARIDE LVMBRICOIDE,  Ascaris lum-
bricoides—a. Vermiculnire, Ascaris  vermicularis.
  AS'CARIS, pi. ASCAR'IDES, from aanapi^,
'I  leap.'  A  genus of intestinal worms, charac-
terized by a long, cylindrical body, extenuated
at  the extremities ; and  having a mouth furnished
with  three tubercules, from  which  a very  short
tube  is sometimes seen issuing.  Formerly, there
were reckoned two varieties of the Ascaris — the
As'cnris lumbricoi'des seu gigas hom'inis,  Lttm-
 bri'cus,  L. teres  hom'inis,  Seolex, (F.) Lombri-
co'ide,  Ascaride  lombrico'ide,  Lombric,  or  long
round  worm;  and  the  As'caria  Vermicula'ria
—  the Ascaris proper — the thread worm or maw
worm.   The  former  is alone included  under
the genus, at present—a new genus  having been
formed of the  A. vermicularis, under  the  name
Oxyuris.  It is the  Oxyu'ris seu Fusa'ria ver-
micula'ris, (¥.) Ascaride, A. vermiculaire, Oxyure
vermicttlaire.
   A new species of entozoa  has been found by
 Dr. Bellingham, the As'caris  ala'ta.
   Ascaris Alata, see Ascaris—a. Gigas hominis,
 see Ascaris — a.  Lumbricoides, see Ascaris — a.
 Renalis, Strongylus gigas—a. Trichuria, Tricho-
 cephalus—a. Vermicularis, see Ascaris—a. Visce-
 ralis, Strongylus gigas.
   AS'CELES, As'keles, Carens cru'ribtts, from a,
 privative, and  attcXos, 'a leg.'  One who has no
 legs.
   ASCELLA, Axilla,
   ASCEN'DENS, from ascendere, (ad and soan-
 dere,) 'to  ascend.'  (F.) Ascendant.   Parts are
 thus  called, which are supposed to  arise in a re-
 gion  lower than that where they terminate.   Thus,
 Aorta ascendens is the aorta from its origin to the
 arch: Vena cava ascendens, the large vein which
 carries the blood from  the inferior parts  to the
 heart: Obliqnus  ascendens (muscle), the   lesser
 oblique musclo of the abdomen, <fec.
   ASCEN'SUS MORBI. The period of increase
 of  a disease.
   ASCHERSONIAN VESICLES,  see Vesicles,
 Aschersonian.
   ASCESIS. Exercise..
   ASCHIL,  Seilla.
   ASCHISTODACTYLUS,  Syndac'tyhs, from
 a,  privative, (t^kjto;, 'cleft;' and  SatcrvXos,  'a
finger.'  A monster whose fingers are not sepa-
rated from one another.—Gurlt.
  AS'CIA (an axe), Axine, Scepar'nos, Dolabra,
Fas'cia spira'lis.  Name of a bandage mentioned
by the ancients, and figured by Scultetus, in the
shape of an axe or hatchet—Galen.  See Doloire.
  ASCILLA, Axilla.
  ASCITE, Ascites—a. PeritonSale, Ascites.
  ASCI'TES, from aaxos,  'a leathern  sack,  a
large belly :' — Askltes, Hydroce'le Pcritona'i,
Hydrops Abdom'inis seu Ascitee, Hydrogas'ter,
Ilydroperitotie'um, Hydrocce'lia, Hydre'trum, Ae-
cli'tea, Ccelioch'ysia,  Dropay  of the lower belly,
Dropsy of the Peritone'ttm, (¥.) Ascite, A. perito-
nSule, Hydro-pSritonie, Hydropisie du Baa-vcutre
ou  du pSritoine.  'A  collection of serous fluid in
the  abdomen.  Ascites  proper is dropsy of tbe
peritoneum;  and is  characterized by increased
size of the abdomen, by fluctuation and the gene-
ral signs of dropsy.  It is  rarely a primary dis-
ease; but is always dangerous, and but little sus-
ceptible of cure.   Most generally, it is owing to
obstructed circulation in some of the viscera, or
to  excitement of the vessels of the abdominal
organs.  The treatment is essentially the  same
as  that of other dropsies.  Paracentesis, when
had recourse to, can only be regarded as a pal-
liative.
   Dropsy of the peritoneum may also be  saccated
or in cysts, and occasionally the fluid accumulates
exterior  to  the  peritoneum, Hydrepigas'trium.
When in cysts it is termed Ilydrocys'tis,  Hydrops
abdom'inis sacca'tus seu cys'ticus  and Ascites
sacca'tus.
   Ascites Hepato-Cysticus, Turgescentia vesi-
culae felleaB—a. Ovarii, Hydrops ovarii—a. Puru-
lentus, Pyoccelia — a. Saccatus, see Ascites, Hy-
droarion,  and Hydrops ovarii.
   ASCITIC, Ascit'icus, (¥.) Ascitique.  Relating
or appertaining to, or affected with, ascites.
   ASCLEPI'ADjE, Ascleplades, from AvtcXnirtos,
'jEsculapius.'  The priest physicians, who served
in the ancient  temples  of JEsculapius,  and who
took their name from being his descendants.
   ASCLEPIADE, Asclepias vincetoxicum.
   ASCLEPIAS ALBA,  A. vincetoxicum—n,
Apocynum, A.  Syriaca —a. Asthmatica, Tylo-
phora asthmatica — a. Cornuti, A. Syriaca — a.
Crispa, Gomphocarpus crispus.
   Asclepias Curassav'ica, Bastard  Ipecacu-
anha,  Redhead,  Bloodweed,  The  leaves are
emetic in the dose of one or two scruples.  It
is the Ipecacuanha blanc of St. Domingo.
   Asclepias Decum'bens ; the root.  Escharotic,
cathartic, sudorific, diuretic.
   Asclepias, Flesh-coloured, A. Incarnata—
a. Gigantea,  Mudar.           .  ■
   Ascle'pias  Incarna'ta, A. pulchra, Flesh-
coloured or swamp asclepias or silkweed.   The
root of this plant, which grows in  all parts of the
United States, and is officinal in the Ph. U. S.,
has the same virtues as A. Syriaca, and A. tube-
rosa.
   Asclepias Obovata, A. Syriaca.
   Asclepias Proc"era [?], Beidelossar, Bei-
delsar. An Egyptian plant, the leaves  of which
are made into a plaster, and applied to indolent
tumours.  The  milky juice is caustic, and is used
as such.
   Asclepias Pseudosarsa, Hemidesmus  Indi-
cus —a.  Pubescens,  A. Syriaca—a. Pulchra,  A.
incarnata.
   Asclepias Syriaca,  A. pubes'cens seu apoc"y-
 tinm  seu  obova'ta seu  tomento'sa seu  Cornu'ti,
 Common Silkweed, Milk  Weed, (¥.)  Herbe d la
 houette.   The cortical part of the root, officinal
in the Ph. U. S., has been given, in powder,  in 
ASCLEPIASMUS
100
ASPHYXIA
asthmatic and  pulmonic affections  in  general,
'and, it is said, with success.
  Ascle'pias Sullivan'tii, Smooth Milkweed,
Silkweed: indigenous, possesses the same virtues
as the next.
  asclepias Tomentosa, A. Syriaca.
  Ascle'pi'as Tubero'sa, Butterfly  Weed, Pleu-
risy Root, Flux Root, Wind Root, Wind Weed,
 White Root, Orange Swallow  Root, Silk Weed,
 Canada. Root,   Orange  Apoc'ynum,   Tuberous
Rooted Sicallow Wort.  Said to have been first
recommended by the Asclepiades.  In Virginia
and the Carolinas, the root of this plant—officinal
in the Ph.  U. S— has been long celebrated as a
remedy  in  pneumonic  affections.   It  is  sudo-
rific, and the powder acts  as  a  mild purgative.
Its chief powers are said to be expectorant, dia-
 phoretic, and febrifuge.   It is occasionally given
 to relieve pains of the stomach from flatulency
 and indigestion.
   Asclepias Vincetox'icum,  A. Alba, Cynan-
 vhum Vincetox'icum,  Vincetox'icum, V. Officinale,
 Hirundina'ria, Apoc"ynum Nova An'glia hirsu'-
 tnm, Ac,  Swallow- Wort, White  Swallow-Wort,
 {F.) AsclSpiade, Dompte-venin.
   The root is said to be stimulant, diuretic, and
 emmenagogue, but is hardly ever used.
   ASCLEPIASMUS, Haemorrhois.
   ASCLITES, Ascites.
   ASCO'MA, from uukos, 'a bottle.'   The emi-
 nence of the pubes  at  the period of puberty in
 females.—Rufus of Ephesus.
   ASE, Anxiety.
   ASELLI, Onisci aselli.
   ASELLUS,  Oniscus.
   ASE'MA CRISIS, Kpiais aanpa, from a, priva-
 tive, and anpa,  ' a  sign.'  A crisis occurring unex-
 pectedly and  without  the  ordinary precursory
 signs.
   ASEPTON,  Asapes.
   ASH, BITTER,  Quassia — a. Blue, Fraxinus
 quadrangulata— a.  Mountain, Sorbus acuparia
 — a. Mountain,  American,  Sorbus Americana
 —a. Prickly, Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylum clava
 Herculis — a.  Prickly,  shrubby,  Xanthoxylum
 fraxineum — a. Stinking,  Ptelea trifoliata—a.
 Tree, Fraxinus excelsior — a. White, Fraxinus

    ASIALORRHOS'A,  (F.) AsialorrUe,  from a,
  priv., maXov, ' saliva,' and pent,  ' to flow.' Diminu-
  tion In tbe flow of saliva.
    ASIMINA TRILOBA, see Carica papaya.
    ASIT"IA, from a, privative, and atros, 'food.'
  Abstinence from food.  Want of appetite,—Faa-
  tid'ium cibo'rum,  Apoclei'aia.
    ASIUS LAPIS, Assius Lapis.
    ASJAGAN, As'jogam.  An Indian tree, the
  juice  of  whose  leaves, mixed with  powdered
  cumin seeds, is employed in India in colic.
    ASJOGAM, Asjagan.
    ASKELES, Asceles.
    ASKER, Eschar.
    ASKITES, Ascites.
    ASO'DES,  Asso'des, from atsn, 'disgust,' 'sati-
  ety.'   A fever accompanied with anxiety and
  nausea ; Fe'bria aao'dea vel azo'dea.
     ASPALASO'MUS, from aoxaXal, 'a mole,'and
  atupa, ' a body.'  A genus of monsters in which
  there is imperfect  development of the eyes.—
  I. G. St. Hilaire.  Also, a malformation, in which
  the fissure and eventration extend chiefly upon
  the lower part of the  abdomen;  the urinary ap-
  paratus, genitals and rectum opening externally
  by three distinct orifices.—Vogel.
     ASPALTUM, Asphaltum.
     ASPARAGINE, see Asparagus.
     ASPAR'AGUS,  Ao-vapayes, Aspar'agus  offici-
  nalis, Common Asparagus, Spar'agus, Sper'agus,
  Sparrow  Grass,  Grass, Sperage.   Ord, Aspho-
delese   Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia.  At-
par'agi officina'lis Turio'nes, (F.) Asperge.  The
fresh roots are diuretic, perhaps owing to the im-
mediate  crystellizable  principle,  Asparagine,
which is said to be sedative in the dose of a few
grains.  Tho young shoots are a w.ell known and
esteemed vegetable diet.  They  communicate a
peculiar odour to the urine.  A syrup made of
the young shoots and an extract of the roots has
been recommended as  a sedative in heart affec-
tions.
   ASPA'SIA.  A ball of wood soaked in an in-
fusion of galls, and used by females for constring-
ing the vagina.
   ASPEN, AMERICAN, Populus tremuloides—
a. European, Populus tremula.
   ASPERA  ARTERIA, Traohea,
   ASPERGE, Asparagus.
   ASPERITAS  ARTERLE  ASPER2E,  Rau-
 cedo.         ,              N
   ASPERITE DES PA UP IE RES,. Trachoma.
  ' ASPERITUDO,  Trachoma.
   ASPER'ITY,  Asper'itas, roughness.   Asperi-
 ties are inequalities on the surfaces of bones,
 which often  serve  for the insertion of fibrous
 organs.
   ASPERMATIA, Aspermatismus.
   ASPERMATIS'MUS, Aaper'mia, Asperma'tia,
 from a, privative,  and aircppa,  'sperm.'  Reflux
 of sperm from the urethra into the bladder, dur-
 ing the venereal orgasm.
   ASPERMIA, Aspermatismus.
   ASPERSIO, Catapasma, Fomentation.
   ASPER'SION, Asper'sio,  from aspergere (ad
 and  apargere), 'to sprinkle,'  (F.) Arroaement.
 Act of sprinkling or  pouring a liquid guttatim
 over a wound, ulcer, Ac.
   ASPERULA, Galium aparine.
   Asper'ula Odora'ta,  (diminutive of asper,
 'rough,' the seeds being rough),  Ga'lium odora'-
 tum, Matriaylva, Hepat'ica atella'ta, (¥.)  Aspi-
 rule odorante ou  Muguet dea  boia,  HSpotiqua
 StoilSc.   Ord. Rubiaceae.   Sex. Syst. Tetrandria
 Monogynia.   Sweet-acented  Woodroof.  Said to
 be diuretic,  deobstrueut, tonic, and vulnerary.
   ASPER ULE ODORANTE, Asperulaodorata.
   ASPHALTI'TES, Nephrites,  Nephritis, Pri-
  ma Vertebra lumba'ria, same etymon as asphal-
  tum.   A name given by some to the last lumbar
  vertebra.—Gorraeus.
   ASPHAL'TUM, Nep'ta, Araal'tos, Aaphal'tum,
  from ao-tpaXt$ttv, ' to strengthen,' being used as
  a cement. [ ? ] With the Greeks, this word signi-
  fied any kind of bitumen.  It is now restricted
  chiefly to  the Bitu'men  of Jud^j'a, B. Judo!-
  icttm, A. aolidum, Jewa' Pitch, Karobe of Sodom,
  (F.)  Asphalte, Bitume de JudSe, Poix  minirak
  scoriacSe, Baume de momie ou des funSrailles.  It
  is solid, friable, vitreous, black,  shining, inflam-
  mable, and of a fetid smell. • An oil is obtained
  from it by distillation.  It enters into the compo-
  sition of certain ointments and plasters.
    It is collected on the surface of the water of
  the Dead Sea or Lake Asphaltites, in Judsea.
    ASPHARINE, Galium aparine.
    ASPHOD'ELUS, AaQooeXos, A.  Ramo'sut seu
  Albuasevt Maris, Has'tula Regis, (¥.) Lie aiplo-
  dlle.   The bulbs of  this  southern European
  plant have  an acrimony which they lose in boil-
  ing water.   They contain a fecula with which
  bread has been made, and have been considered
  diuretic.  They have been used as a succedaneum
  for the squill.
    ASPHYCTOS, Pulseless.
    ASPHYX'IA, from a, priv., and atftv^ts, 'pulse,'
   Dcfec'tua Pulaua, Acrotia'mua, Sidera'tio, Sydera'-
   tio, (F.) AnhSmatoaie.  For a long time,  Asphy-
   xia was confined to  the  sense of' suspension of
 | circulation or syncope;'  Pulselessness.   It now 
ASPHYXIAL              101         ASSIDENTIA  SIGNA
:nerally means auapended animation, produced I
y the nonconversion of the venous blood of the
mgs into arterial,—Apnce'a, Apneua'tia, Apnce-
sphyx'ia, Anhamato'sia, Ec'lysis pnoiimo-cardl-
ca, Aniixeiiiie, HypoxSmie,—Piorry.  Owing  to
le supply of air  being cut  off,  the  unchanged
onous blood of the pulmonary artery passes into
ie minute radicles of the pulmonary veins, but
ieir peculiar excitability requiring arterial blood
> excite them, stagnation takes places in the pul-1
lonary radicles, and  death  occurs  chiefly from
his cause, — not  owing to venous blood  being
istributed through the system,  and 'poisoning'
t, as was the idea of Bichat  Cants asphyx'ia,
\Iors appa'rens, Mors putatlva, Paetidothan'atoa,
ipparent death, (¥.) Mort apparente, is charac-
erized by suspension of respiration, of the cere-
»Tal functions, Ac. Several varieties of Asphyxia
lave been designated.
  1. Asphyx'ia of the New-Born, A. neonato'-
•um.   This is often dependent upon the  feeble
sondition of the infant, not permitting respiration
,o be established.
  2. Asphyx'ia by Noxious Inhala'tion, or in-
flation of gases, some of which cause death by
iroducing a spasmodic closure  of  the  glottis;
ithers by the want  of oxygen; and others are
positively deleterious or poisonous.
  3. Asphyx'ia by Strangula'tion, or Suffoca'-
'.ion;  produced  by  mechanical  impediment  to
respiration, as in  hanging.
  4. Asphyx'ia by Submer'sion, A. by  drown-
ing, A. Immerao'rum, Angiairhydrie (Piorry), as
jccurs in the drowned, who perish in consequence
jf the medium in which they are {flunged, being
infit for respiration.  See Submersion.
  Mr. Chevalier  has used the term Aaphyx'ia
Idiopath'ica, for  fatal syncope owing to relaxa-
tion of the heart. See Suffocation.
  Asphyx'ia  Immersorum, A. by submersion—
a. Local:—see Grangrene—a. Neonatorum, A. of
the new-born — a. Pestilenta: — see  Cholera—a.
Pestilential:—see Cholera.
  ASPHYX'IAL, Asphyx'ic   Relating to as-
phyxia—as ' asphyxial phenomena.'
  ASPHYXIE  DES PARTIES,  Gangrene—
a. Lente dea nouveau-nSs, Induration of the cel-
lular tissue.
  ASPHYX'IED, Aaphyx'iated, Asphyxia'tua,
same etymon.  In a state of asphyxia.
  ASPIC, Aspis, Lavandula spica.
  ASPIDISCOS, Sphincter ani externus.
  ASPID'IUM ATHAMAN'TICUM,from
avtrtStov, 'a small shield,' diminutive of aains, 'a
shield.'   A South African fern, Ord.  Filices,
which is possessed  of anthelmintic  properties.
Its caudex, in the form of powder, infusion,  or
electuary, has been  found excellent in helmin-
thiasis, and especially  in tapeworm.
  Aspidium  Coriaceum,  Calagualae  radix — a.
Depastum, Polypodium filix mas—a. Discolor, see
Calagualas radix  — a. Erosura, Polypodium filix
mas—a. Filix  foemina, Asplenium filix foemina—
a. Ferrugineum,  see  Calagualae  radix—a, Filix
mas, Polvpodium filix mas.
  ASPIRATIO.  Inspiration.
  ASPIRA'TION, Adapira'tio, Aapira'tio, from
aspirare  (ad  and spit-are), ' to breathe.' The
French sometimes use the  term synonymously
with inspiration.   It also means the actof attract-
ing or sucking like a pump.   Imbibition.  Also,
the pronunciation of a vowel with a full breath.
  ASPIS, aatns.   A name given by the ancients
to a venomous serpent—the ^Egyptian  viper of
Lac6pede, (F.) Aspic.  Its bite is very dangerous,
and it is supposed to have been the  reptile which
Cleopatra used for her destruction.
  ASPLE'NIUM, Aaple'num, from a, priv., and
nxXi)v, ' the spleen.'  Spleenwort, MUtwaate.
  Asplenium Aureum, A. ceterach.
  Asple'nium Cet'erach, A. au'reum seu lati-
fo'lium,  Gymnogram'me   ceterach,  Doradil'la,
Blechnum equamo'aum, Scolopen'dria, Athyr'iott,
Cet'erach officina'rum seu Canarien'aia, Grammi'-
tis cet'erach seu au'rea, Gymnop'teris ceterach, Vit-
ta'rid  ceterach,  (F.)  Doradille.   Ord. Filices.
Supposed to be subastringent and mucilaginous,
and has been recommended as a pectoral.  It has
also been given in calculous cases.
  Asple'nium Filix Fcs'mina, Polypo'dium filix
foemina seu molle seu denta'tum seu inclsttm seu
trif'idum, Aspidium filix foemina, Athyr'ium filix
foemina seu mollS seu ova'tum seu trif'idum, Pte-
ris palus'tris, Female fern, Spleenwort, (¥.) Fou-
glre femelle.  The root of this plant resembles
that of the  male  fern, and is said to possess simi-
lar anthelmintic  virtues.  The name female fern
is also given to Pteria aquilina.
   Asplenium Latifolium, A. ceterach — a. Mu-
rale, A. ruta—a. Obtusum, A. ruta muraria.
   Asple'nium Ruta Mura'ria, A. mura'le seu
obtu'eum, Paronychia, Phyllltia ruta mura'ria,
Scolopen'drium  ruta mura'ria,  Wallrue,  White
Maidenhair, Tentwort, Adian'tum album, Ruta
mura'ria, Salvia Vita, (¥.) Rue des murailles,
Sauve-vie.   Used in the same cases as the last.
   Asple'nium Scolopen'drium,  Scolopendrium
officina'rum seu  lingua seu phyllltia seu vulga'-
re, Scolopen'dra, Scolopen'dria, Hart's Tongue,
Spleenwort, Phyllltis, Lingua cervi'na, Blechnum
lignifo'lium, (¥.) Scolopendre, Langue  de cerf.
Properties like the last.
   Asple'nium Trichomanoi'des, A. Trichom'-
anes, Phyllltis rotundifo'lia, Calyphyl'lum, Tri-
chom'anes, T. crena'ta, Adian'tum rubrum, Com-
mon  Maidenhair,  Polyt'richum commu'ne, (¥.)
Polytric.   Properties like the last.
   ASPLENUM, Asplenium.
   ASPREDO, Trachoma — a. Miliacea, Miliary
fever.
   ASPRELE, Hippuris vulgaris..
   ASPRITUDO, Trachoma.
   ASSABA.  A Guinea shrub, whose leaves are
considered capable of dispersing buboes.
   ASSACOU, Hura Brasiliensis.
   A&SA DOUX,Benjamin—a.Dulcis, Benjamin
—a. Odorata, Benjamin.
   ASSAFETIDA, Asafcetida.
   ASSAF05TIDA,  Asafcetida.
   ASSAIERET.  A compound of bitter, stoma-
chic, and purgative medicines  in the form of pill.
—Avicenna.
   ASSAINISSEMENT  (¥.),  from  ad,  'to,'
and sanare, 'to  make healthy.'  The act of ren-
dering healthy,  as  by the draining  of marshes,
the disinfection  of the air, Ac.
   ASSAISONNEMENT, Condiment
   ASSAKUR, Saccharum.
   ASSALA, see Myristica moschata.
   ASSARTHROSIS, Articulation.
   ASSA'TIO, Opte'sis.   The  boiling of food or
medicines  in  their  own juice, without the addi-
tion of any liquid.  Various kinds of cooking by
heat.—Galen.
   ASSELLA, Axilla.
   AS'SERAC, Assis.  A  preparation of opium,
or of some narcotic, used by the  Turks as an
excitant.
   ASSERCULUM, Splint,
   ASSERVATION,  Conservation.
   ASSES' MILK, see Milk, asses'.
   Asses' Milk, Artificial, see Milk, asses'.
   AS'SIDENS,  from ad,  ' to,' and sedere, ' to be
seated.'  That which  accompanies or is concomi-
tant  An  epithet applied  to the accessory symp-
toms, Assiden'tia signa, and general phenomena
of disease.
   ASSIDENTIA SIGNA, see Assidens. 
ASSIMILABLE
102
ASTHMA
  ASSIM'ILABLE, Assimilab'ilia.   Same ety-
mon a> Assimilation.  That which is susceptible
of assimilation.
  ASSIM'ILATING, Aaaim'ilatory, Assimilato'-
rius, (¥.) Aasimilateur. Same etymon as the next.
That wh ch effects assimilation, as an assimilating
Or assimilatory organ.
  ASSIMILA'TION, Assimila'tio, Simila'tio,Ap-
propria'tio, Exomoio'sis, Ilomoio'aia,  Threpata,
Threp'tice; from  assimilare, (ad and aimilare,)
'to  render similar.'  The act by which  living
bodies appropriate and transform into their own
substance matters with which they may be placed
in contact.  The reverse actiou —that of separa-
ting and eliminating matters already assimilated,
in the act of nutrition—is termed, by the French,
Dtsaxsimilation.
  ASSIS, Asserac.
  AS'SIUS LAPIS, A'sitis Lapis.  A  sort  of
stone or earth, found near the  town of Assa in
the Troad, which had the property of destroying
proud floh.
  ASSOCIATED MOVEMENTS,seeInstinctive.
  ASSODES, Asodes.
  ASSOUPISSANT, Somniferous.
  ASSO UPISSEMENT, Somnolency.
  ASSOURON, see Myrtus Pimenta.
  ASSUETUDO, Habit.
  ASSULA, Splint.
  ASSULTUS, Attack.
  ASSUMPTIO, Prehension.
  ASTACI FLUVIATILIS  CONCREMENTA,
 Cancrorum chelae.
  AST AC US FLUVIATILIS, Crab.
  ASTAKILLOS, Araneum  ulcus.
  ASTARZOF.  An ointment,  composed of li-
 tharge, frog's spawn,  Ac.   Also, camphor,  dis-
 solved in rose water.—Paracelsus.
   ASTASIA, Dysphoria.
   ASTER ATTICUS, Bubonium.
   Aster  Cordifolius, Huat-leaved Aster, A.
 Pumc'kus, Rough-stemmed  Aster,  and other
 indigenous species, Order Compositae,  possess
 aromatic properties;
   Aster Dysentericus, Inula dysenterica — a.
 Heart-leaved, A. cordifolius—a, Helenium, Inula
 Helenium—a. Inguinalis, Eryngium campestre—
 — a.  Officinalis, Inula Helenium — a.  Rough-
 stemmed, A. Puniceus—a.  Tortifolius, Sericocar-
 pus tortifolius—a.  Undulatus, Inula dysenterica.
   ASTE'RIA  GEMMA, Aste'rius, Astroi'tes, As'-
 trios, Astrob'olus.  The ancients attributed ima-
 ginary virtues to this stone, — that of dispersing
 Nari Materni, for example.
   ASTERIAS LUTEA, Gentiana lutea.
    ASTER'NIA, from  a, privative, and artpvov,
 'the sternum.'   A monstrosity, in which there is
 absence of the sternum.
    ASTEROCEPHALUS  SUCCISA,   Scabiosa
 succisa.
    ASTHENES,  Infirm.
    ASTHENI'A,  Vis  imminu'ta, from  a, priv.,
 and c$tvos, 'force,' 'strength.'  Want of strength,
 debility.  (F.)  Affniblisaement.   Infirmity.   A
 word used in this sense by Galen, and employed,
 especially by Brown, to designate debility of the
 whole economy, or diminution of the vital forces.
 He distinguished it into direct and indirect: the
 former proceeding from diminution of  stimuli;
 I he latter from  exhaustion of incitability by the
  abuse of stimuli.
    Asthenia Deglutitionis, Pharyngoplegia—a.
  Pectoralis, Angina Pectoris.
    ASTHEN'lC,  Asthen'icus,  (¥.)  Asthenique.
  Same etymon  as the last.  Relating or belonging
  to asthenia.
    ASTHEXICOPYRA, Fever, adynamic.
    ASTHENICOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic.
  ASTHENIQUE, Asthenic.      -,,,,.   .
  aItHENO'PIA, Debil'itas seu H.betu'do yx-
»ua(¥ ) Affaibliaaement de la Vtte, from a, priv.,
&i;«.tofngttaf' and;*, 'the eye.'   W eaknes,
of sight;  Weak-aightcdnesa.         #
  ASTHENOPYRA, Fever, adynamic, Typhus.
  ASTHENOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic.
  ASTHM\  from aodpa, 'laborious-breathing;'
from  au), «l' respire.'  A. apaa'ticum adulti/rum
seu bronchia'le setisettio'rum seu convttlalvum seu
apaa'ticum  intermit'tena,  Spaa'ntua  bronchia lis,
Dyapnce'a et orthopnoe'a  convulai va, Malum Co-
du'eum pnlmo'num, Broken-windedness, Aervou,
asthma, (¥.) Asthme,  A.  nerveux.  Difficulty of
breathing,  recurring  at  intervals, accompanied
with a w-heezing sound and sense of constriction
in the chest; cough and  expectoration.
  Asthma is a chronic disease, and not curable with
facility.  Excitant and narcotic  antispasmodics
are required.
  There are no pathognomonic physical signs of
asthma.  In some cases, the respiration is uni-
versally  puerile during the attack.  In the spas-
modic form, the respiratory murmur is very feeble
or absent during the fit;  and in all forms percus-
sion elicits a clear pulmonary sound. The disease
generally consists in some source of irritation, and
occasionally, perhaps, in paralysis of the pneu-
 mogastric  nerves, Bronchoparal'ysie, Paralysis
 nervi  vagi in parte thorac"ica,  more frequently
 of  the former — all the phenomena indicating
 constriction  of  the smaller  bronchial ramifica-
 tions. The treatment is one that relieves spasmo-
 dic action — narcotics, counter-irritants, change
 of  air, Ac.
   Asthma Acu'tum, of Millar, A. apaa'ticum in-
 fan'tum, Cynan'che Trachea'lie spasmod1ica, (F.)
 Asthme  aigu.   Probably,  spasmodic  croup [?]
 See Asthma Thymicum.
   Asthma Aerium, Pneumothorax — a. Aerium
 ab Emphysemate Pulmonum, Emphysema of the
 Lungs — a.  Arthriticum,  Angina  Pectoris — a,
 Bronchiale, Asthma.
   Asthma,  Car'diac, (F.) DyapnSe ou Asthma
 Cardiaque, Dyspnoea  dependent upon disease of
 the heart.
   Asthma Convulsivum, Angina pectoris —a,
 Diaphragmaticum, Angina Pectoris — a. Dolo-
 rificum, Angina pectoris — a. Emphysematicum,
 Pneumothorax.
   Asthma, Grinders', Grindera'  Rot.  The ag-
 gregate of functional phenomena, induced by the
 inhalation of particles thrown off during the ope-
 ration of grinding metallic instruments, Ac. The
 structural changes induced are  enlargement of
 the bronchial tubes, expansion of the pulmonary
 tissue, and phthisis.
    Asthma Gypseum,  A. pulverulentum—a.  Hay,
 Fever, hay.
    Asthma Hu'midum, Humid, Common, or  Spit-
 ting aathma, is when the disease is accompanied
 with  expectoration.   It is also called A. hutno-
 ra'le, A. flattllen'tum, A. pneumon'icum, Blenno-
 tho'rax chron'icua, Ac.
    Asthma Infantum, Cynanehe  trachealis—a.
 Infantum  Spasmodicum, A. Thymicum—a.  Kop-
 pian, A. Thymicum — a. Laryngeum Infantum,
 A. Thymicum—a. Montanum, A. pulverulentum
 —a. Nervous, Asthma—a. Nocturnum, Incubus.
    Asthma  Pulverulen'tum,  A. gyp'aeum,  A
 monta'tium.  The variety  of asthma  to  which
 millers, bakers, grinders, and others are subject
    Asthma Siccum, so called when the paroxysm
 is sudden, violent, and  of short duration; cough
 slight, and expectoration scanty; spasmodic con-
 striction.
    Asthma Spastico-Arthriticum  Inconstani,
 Angina pectoris — a. Spasticum  Infantum,  A
 Thymicum. 
ATAVISM
  Asthma  Thy'micum, A. T. Kop'pii, Aathma
spaa'ticum infan'tum seu infan'tum apaamo'dicum
seu larynge'ttm infill turn seu intermit'tens infan' -
turn seu  dentien'lium seu period'icum.  acu'tum,
Thymasth'ma, Cynan'che traehca'lis apasmod'icit,
Spasmus glot'tidis,  Koppian Asthma, Thymic
Asthma,  Laryngis'mus strid'ulus, La ryngo-spas-
mita, Apntu'n infan'tum, Spaam of the larynx or
qlottix, Croup-like inspiration of infanta,  Child-
crowing, Spasmodic croup, Pseudo-croup, Spu'ri-
ons or Cer'ebral croup, Phreno-gloltism, Suffo-
cating nervous catarrh, (¥.) Laryngite striduleuse,
Faux Croup, Pseudo-croup nervcux, Spasme de la
Glotte ct du Thorax.  A  disease of infants, cha-
racterized  by suspension of respiration  at inter-
vals ; lii'fjir difficulty of breathing, especially on
waking,  swallowing, or crying;  ending often in
a fit of suffocation, with convulsions. The  patho-
logy of the disease has been  supposed to consist
in an enlargement of the thymus gland, or of
the glands of the neck pressing on the pneumo-
gastric  nerves [?].  The  ear, by auscultation, at
a distance  from the chest, detects an incomplete,
acute, hissing inspiration, or rather cry;  whilst
the expiration and voice are croupal, both at the
accession and termination of the paroxysm. The
heart's  action has been observed  to be distinct
and feeble.
  These symptoms  are  often  accompanied  by
rigidity of  the fingers and toes ; the thumb being
frequently  drawn forcibly into the palm  of the
clenched hand, whence  the  name Carpo-pedal
spasm, applied, at times, to the disease.
  Asthma  Typicum.   Asthma characterized  by
periodicity.
  Asthma  Uteri, Hysteria — a. Weed, Lobelia
inflata.
  ASTHMAT'IC, Asthmat'icus,  Pnoocolyt'icus,
(¥.) Asthmatique.   Affected with asthma.  Rela-
ting to asthma.
  ASTHME AIGU, Asthma acutum—a.  Cardi-
aque, Asthma, cardiac—a. Nerveux, Asthma.
  ASTIG'MATISM, Astigmatism'us, from a, pri-
vative, and arty/ta,  artyparos, 'a point'„ A state
of irregular refraction in  the eye, in which the
rays are not  brought to one focus, but converge
at different distances, so  as to form two  linear
images at right angles to each other.
  AS'TOMUS, from  a, privative,  and aropa, 'a
mouth.'  (F.) Astome.  One  without  a mouth.
Pliny speaks of a people in India without mouths,
who live anhelatn et odore !
  ASTRAGALE COL D', Collum astragali.
  ASTRAGALOIDES  SYPHILITICA,  Astra-
galus exscapus.
  ASTRAG'ALUS,  Talus, the Ankle, Qua'trio,
Quar'tio, Qnater'ttio, Diab'ebos, Peza, Cavie'ula,
Cavil'la, Tetro'ros,  As'trion,  Os  Ballist'a  seu
Tet'serce, from aarpayaXos, 'a  die,' which  it has
been cou3idered to  resemble [?}.   A short bone,
situate at the superior and middle part  of the
tarsus, where it is articulated with the  tibia.  It
is the ankle bone, aling bone,  or first bone of the
foot.  The anterior surface is convex, and has a
well-marked prominence, supported by a kind of
neck, and hence has been called the head of the
astragalus.   The astragalus is developed by two
points of ossification.
  Also,  the atlas or first vertebra of the neck.
  Astrag'alus  Ex'scapus,  Aatragaloi'dea ay-
philit'ica,  Stemleaa  Milk-vetch, (¥.) Astragale d
noussea velua.  Ord. Leguminosae.  Sex. Syst. Dia-
delphia  Decandria.  The root is  said to have
cured confirmed syphilis.
  Astrag'alus Tragacanthus, see Tragacanth.
  Astrag'alus Verus, Spina hirci, Aatrag'alua
acnlea'ttta.  Goat'a  thorn, Milk-vetch.  The plant
which affords Gum Trag'acanth.   See Traga-
cantha.
  ASTRANTIA, Imperatoria—a. Diapensia, Sa-
nicula.
  AS'TRAPE,  Corttsca'tio,  Fulgar,  Fulmen,
Lightning.  Galen reckons  it  amongst the re-
mote causes of epilepsy.
  ASTRICTION, Astric'tio, Stypsis, Adstric'tio,
Constric'tio, from astringere, (ad and stringere,)
' to  constringe.'  Action  of an astringent  sub-
stance on the animal economy.
  ASTRICTORIA, Astringents.
  ASTRINGENT ROOT,  Comptonia  aspleni-
folia.
  ASTRIN'GENTS, Astringen'tia, Adstrieto'ria,
Adstringen'tia, Stryphna,  Catastal'tica, Constrin-
gen'tin,  Contrahen'tia,  Stegno'tica, Syncrit'ica,
Astricto'ria.   Same etymon.  Medicines which
have the property of  constringing the  organic
textures.  External astringents  are called Styp-
tics.
  The following are the chief astringents:  Aci-
dum Sulphuricum,  A. Tannicum, Alumen, Ar-
genti Nitras, Catechu,  Creasoton, Cupri  Sulphas,
Tinct.  Ferri  Chloridi, Liquor  Ferri  Nitratis,
Ferri Sulphas, Gallae, Hasmatoxylon, Kino, Kra-
meria, Liquor Calcis, Plumbi  Acetas,  Quercus
Alba, Quercus Tinctoria, Zinci Sulphas.
  ASTRION, Astragalus.
  ASTRIOS, Asteria gemma.
  AS'TROBLES, from a'arpov, 'a star,' nvdffaXXta,
'I strike.'  One struck by the stars, (aidera'tus.)
One who is in a state of sideration — in an apo-
plectic state.—Gorraeus.
  ASTROBLESIA, Astrobolismus.
  ASTROBOLIA, Astrobolismus.
  ASTROBOLIS'MUS, Astrobolia, Aatroble'$ia,
Heliosis, Helio'aia.  Same etymology.  Sidera'-
tion, or action of tbe  stars  on  a person.  Apo-
plexy.—Theophrastus, Gorraeus.
  ASTROBOLOS, Asteria gemma.
  ASTROITIS, Asteria gemma.
  ASTROLOGER, see Astronomy.
  ASTROL'OGY, Astrolof'ia,  from  atrrpov, 'a
star,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' "The art of divi-
ning by inspecting the stars.  This was formerly
considered to be a part  of medicine; and  was
called Judicial Aatrology,  to distinguish  it from
astronomy.
  ASTRON'OMY, Astronom'ia,  from  ao-rpov, 'a
star, and vopos, 'a law,' 'rule.'   A science which
makes known the heavenly  phenomena, and the
laws that govern them. Hippocrates  places this
and  astrology amongst the  necessary studies of
a physician.   In the earlier English  writers,
Astronomer is often used  in the sense of Astro-
loger.
  ASYSTOLIE, from a,  privative, and avaroXn,
'systole.   A name given by M. Beau to a period,
in diseases of the heart, in which the systole  is
incomplete ; or, at least, is insufficient  to free the
ventricles from the blood in  them.
  ASTRUTHIUM, Imperatoria.
  ASTYPIIIA, Impotence.
  ASTYSIA, Impotence.
  ASUAR, Myrobalanus Indica.
  ASULCI,  Lapis lazuli.
  ASYNODIA, Impotence.
  ATACTOS, Erratic.
  ATARACTAPOIE'SIA, Ataractopoe'sia, from
a, privative, rapatcros,  'troubled,' and lrotetv, 'to
make.' Intrepidity, firmness; a quality of which,
according to Hippocrates,  the physician ought to
be possessed in the highest degree.
  ATARAX'IA, from  a,  privative, and  rapa£i$,
'trouble,' 'emotion.'  Moral tranquillity, peace
of mind.
  AT'AVISM, Atavism'us, from  atavus, 'an old
grandsire or ancestor indefinitely.'  The ease in
which an anomaly or disease, existing in a family, 
ATAXIA
104
ATLAS
is lost in one generation and reappears in the
following.
   ATAX'IA, from a, privative, and rafu, 'order.'
Disorder, irregularity.  Hippocrates employs the
word in  its most extensive acceptation.  Galen
applies it,  especially, to  irregularity of pulse;
and Sydenham speaks of Ataxia Spirituuni for
disorder  of the nervous  system.   Ataxia, now,
usually means the state of disorder that charac-
terizes nervous fevers, and the nervous condition.
   Ataxia  Spirituum, Nervous diathesis.  See
Ataxia.
   ATAX'IC, Atax'icns;  same etymon.  Having
the characters of  ataxia.
   ATCHAR, A'ehia, Achar.  A condiment used
in India.   It is formed of green fruits of various
kinds — garlic, ginger, mustard, and pimento —
pickled in vinegar.
   ATECNIA, Sterilitas.
   ATELECTASIS, Atelectasis,  from artXns,
'imperfect,' 'defective,' and exraats, 'dilatation.'
Imperfect expansion or dilatation ; as in
   Atelectasis  Pulmo'num,  Pueumonatelec'fa-
st's, Pneumatelec'taaia.  Imperfect  expansion of
the lungs at birth, giving rise to Cyano'sia pul-
•mona'lia.   A  similar condition is  observed in
lungs which have received air, and in a distinctly
lobular form.  This is regarded by  Dr.  W. T.
Gairdner as, in all probability, a  secondary le-
sion, and dependent, in the majority of instances,
on a  catarrhal condition of the J>ronchial tubes.
It is  called,  by him, pulmonary collapse,  or col-
lapse of the lung, and has  received the  name
apneumato'aia from Fuchs.
   AT'ELES,  areXns,  'imperfect,'  'defective.'
Hence
   ATEL'IA, (F.) AtSlie.  A monstrosity in which
there is a want of some members.
   ATELOCHEI'LIA,  from  areXns,  'imperfect,'
and x^Xos, 'lip.'  A malformation which consists
in an imperfect development of the lip.
   ATELOENCEPHAL'IA, from artXns, 'imper-
fect,' and tytcttfiaXov, 'the encephalon.'   State of
imperfect development of the brain.—Andral.
   ATELOGLOS'SIA,  from  artXns,  'imperfect,'
and yXtoaaa, 'tongue.'  A malformation  which
consists  in an imperfect  development of the
tongue.
   ATELOGNA'THIA, from artXns,  'imperfect,'
and yvaQos, 'the  jaw.'   A  malformation  which
consists in  an imperfect development of  the jaw.
   ATELOMYEL'IA, from  artXys,  'imperfect,'
and putXos,  'marrow.'  State of imperfect deve-
lopment  of the spinal marrow.—Beclard.
   ATELOPROSO'PIA, from artXns,  'imperfect,'
and vpoatarrov, 'the face.'   A malformation  which
consists in  imperfect development of the face.
   ATELORACHIDIA, Hydrorachis.
   A T E L 0 S T 0  M' I A, from areXns, 'imperfect,'
and oroya,  'mouth.'   One whose mouth is im-
perfectly developed.
   ATER SUCCUS, Atrabilis.
   ATIIAMAN'TA,  from  Athamas, a  place  in
Thessaly.  A genus of plants.
   Athamanta Annua, A.  Cretensis.
  Athaman'ta Aureoseli'num,  Oreoaeli'nnm,
0. legit'imum  seu nigrum, Sell num oreoaeli'nnm,
Peuced'anum  oreoaeli'num,  Apium  monta'nvm,
Black Mountain  Paraley, (F.)  Perail  de Mon-
tague; Ord. Umbelliferae.  The plant, seed, and
roots,  are  aromatic.   It has been  considered
attenuant, aperient, deobstruent, and lithontriptic.
The distilled oil has been used in toothache.
  Athaman'ta Creten'sis seu Cre'tica, A. an'-
iitta, Libano'tia annua seu  Creten'eia seu hirau'ta,
Dauctta Creticua seu Candia'nua, Myrrhia an'nua,
Candy Carrot.  The seeds of this plant are acrid
and aromatic.  They have been used as carmina-
tives and diuretics.
  Athamanta  Macedonica,  Bubon  Maeedoni-
cum—a. Meum, iEthusa meum.
  ATHAXASIA, Tanacetum.
  Athana'sia, from  a, privative,  and Savaros,
'death.'  An antidote  for diseases  of the liver,
jaundice,  gravel,  Ac.  It consisted 'of  saffron,
cinnamon,  lavender, cassia, myrrh, juncus odo-
ratus, honey, Ac, and was esteemed to be sudo-
rific.
  ATHARA, Athera.
  ATHELAS'MUS, from  a, privative, and 0.7X17,
'a breast or  nipple.'   Impracticability of giving
suck: from want of nipple or otherwise.
  ATHELXIS, Sucking.
  ATHE'NA.  Name of a plaster, recommended
by Asclepiades, and composed  of oxide of copper,
sublimed oxide of zinc, sal ammoniac, verdigris,
gall nuts, and a variety of resinous and other in-
gredients.—Oribasius,  Aetius,  and P. jEgineta.
  ATHENIO'NIS  CATAPO'TIUM.  A pill,
composed  of myrrh, pepper, castor, and opium;
used t0 allay coughing.—Celsus.
  ATHE'RA,  Atha'ra, from  adrjp, 'an ear of
corn.'   A kind of pap for children; also, a kind
of liniment—Dioscorides, Pliny.
  ATHERAPEUTUS, Incurable.
  ATHERO'MA, from a&npa,  'pap or pulp,' Em-
phy'ma cncys'tia atheroma, Mollus'cuin, Pu/tu'tio,
A tumour  formed by a cyst  containing mattei
like pap or Bouillie, or plaster.
  ATHEROMATOUS, Atheromatoses.   Having
the nature of Atheroma.
  ATHLE'TA, from  aSXos, 'combat'  Athlete,
(¥.) Athlete.   Athletaj were men who exercised
themselves in  combat at  the  public festivals.—
Vitruvius.                     »
  ATHLETIC, Athlet'icus, (¥.) AtlJHiqne ; con-
cerning Athleta.  Strong  in muscular powers.—
Foesius"
  ATHOL PORRTDGE, see Mahogany.
  ATHORACOCEPHALUS, Aeephalogaster.
  ATHRIX, At'richua,   Calvtts,   (¥.)  Chauve;
from a, privative, and 0pif, rpixos, 'hair.'  Bald,
(Se.) Beld, Bel/it.   One who has lost his hair.
  Athrix  Depilis, Alopecia.
  ATHYM'IA, Aii'imi defec'tns et anxi'etas sen
demis'sio, Tristil'ia, Maror, Lype, from a, priv.,
and Svuos, 'heart,' 'courage.' Despondency.  The
prostration of spirits often observable in the sick.
— Hippocrates. Melancholy.  — Swediaur.  See
Panophobia.
  Athymia Pleonectica, see  Pleonectica.
  ATHYRION, Asplenium ceterach.
  ATHYRIUM FILIX F03MINA,  Asplenium
filix foemina—a. Filix mas, Polypodium filix mas
—a. Molle, Asplenium filix foemina—a. Ovatuin,
Asplenium filix foemina—a. Trifidum,  Aspleniuin
filix foemina.
  ATLANTAD, see Atlantal.
  ATLAX'TAL;  same etymon as Atlas.  Rela+
ting or appertaining to the atlas.
  Atlantal  Aspect.   An  aspect  towards  the
region  where the  atlas is  situated. — Barclay.
Atlantad is used by the same writer to signify
'towards the atlantal aspect'
  Atlaxtal Extremities.  The upper limbs.
  ATLAN1TON, Atlas.
  ATLAS,  Atlan'tion, Astrag'alus, from arXatt,
' I sustain.'  The first cervical ver'tebrn;  so
called from its supporting tbe whole weight of
the  head, as Atlas  is said  to have supported  the
globe on his  shoulders.  Chaussier calls  it  At-
loide.  This vertebra in no respect resembles  the
others.  It  is  a  kind of irregular ring, into which,
anteriorly,  the  processua dentattn, of the -econd
vertebra is received.   Posteriorly, it  gives pas-
sage to the  medulla spinalis. 
ATLODIDYMUS            1
  ATLODID'YMUS, Atlod'ymtta, (F.) Atlodyme;
from  Atlas, 'the first bone of the neck,'  and
*tivpos, 'a twin.'  A monster  which is simple
oelow and  double   above.   M.  Isid.  Geoffroy
Saint-Hilairo  applies this term  to  a  monster,
which has a single body, with two distinct heads
supported on one neck.
  ATLOIDE, Atlas.
  A T L 01D' 0 - AXOID, (F.) Atloido-axoidien.
Relating to both the Atlas and the Axis or Ver-
tebra Dentata.
  Atloido-axoid Articulation.  The  articula-
tion between the first two cervical vertebras.
  Atloido-axoid  Lig'aments.  These  are  two
in number; one anterior and another posterior,
passing between the two vertebrae.
  ATLOID'O-OCCIP'ITAL.   Relating to the
atlas and occiput.   The Atloido-occip'ital Arti-
cula'tion is formed by the condyles  of  the occi-
pital bone and the superior articular surfaces of
the  Atlas.  The Atloido-occipital muscle is the
Rectus capitis posticus minor.
   ATLOIDO-SOUS-MASTOIDIEN,  Obliquus
superior oculi—a. Sous-occipitale, Rectus capitis
lateralis.
   ATMIATRI'A, Atmidiat'rice, from arpos, 'va-
pour,' and  tarpeta,  'treatment'  Treatment of
diseases by fumigation.
  ATMIDIATRICE, Atmiatria.
   ATMISTERION, Vaporarium.
  ATMOS, Breath.
  AT'MOSPHERE,  Atmospha'ra,  from av.os,
'vapour,' and acpatpa, 'a  sphere;'—as  it were,
Sphere of vapours.   The atmosphere is a sphe-
rical mass of air, surrounding the earth in every
part; the height of which  is estimated at 15 or
16  leagues.   It  presses  on the  surface of the
earth, and this pressure has, necessarily, sensible
effects on organized bodies. The surface of the
human body being reckoned at 15 square feet, it
is computed that a pressure of 33,000 pounds or
more exists under  ordinary circumstances; and
this  pressure  cannot be  increased or diminished
materially, without modifying the circulation and
all the functions.
  ATMOSPHERIZATION, Hasmatosis.
  ATOCIA, Sterilitas.
  ATOL'MIA, from a,  priv., and roXpa, 'confi-
dence.'  Want of confidence;  discouragement.
A state of mind unfavorable to health, and in-
 jurious in disease.   It is the antithesis of Eu-
lol'mia.
  ATOMY, Skeleton.
  ATONIA, Atony—a. Ventriculi,  Gasterasthe-
nia.
  AT'ONIC, Aton'icus, (¥.) Atonique.  Wanting
tone.  Same etymon as the next  Also, a medi-
cine  capable of allaying organic excitement or ,
irritation.—SehwilguS.
  AT'ONY, Aton'ia, Infir'mitas et Remia'aio vi'-
rium, Languor, Lax'itas,  from o, priv., and rovos,
'tone,'  'force.'  Want of  tone.  Weakness  of
every organ, and particularly of those  that are
contractile.  Violent gastritis has been described |
by  Scribonius  Largus  under a  similar name,
Krovov, At'onon.
  ATRABIL'IARY, Atrabil'ioue, Atrabilia'ria,
Atrabilio'sus, (¥.) Atrabilaire, Atrabileux, from
ater,  'black,' and 6i7i«, 'bile.'  An epithet given
by the ancients to the  melancholic and hypo-
ohondriac, because  they  believed the Atrabilis
to predominate in such.
  Atrabiliary Capsules, Arteries and Veins.
The  renal capsules, arteries and veins;  the for-
mation of Atrabilis  having been attributed  to
them.
  ATRABI'LIS, same etymon, Ater succua, '
Black Bile  or melancholy,  (F.) Atrahile.  Ac-
5        ATRIPLEX  FCETIDA
cording to the  ancients,  a thick,  black, acrid
humour, secreted, in the opinion of some, by the
pancreas; in that of others, by  the supra-renal
capsules.  Hippocrates, Galen, Aetius, and others,
ascribe  great  influence to the Atrabilis in  the
production of hypochondriasis, melancholy,  and
mania.   There is really  no  such humour.   It
was an imaginary creation.—Aretaeus, Rufus of
Ephesus, Ac.
  ATRACHE'LOCEPII'ALUS,  from  a,  priv.,
rpaxiXos, 'neck,' and Kt<paXn, 'head.'  A monster
whose neck is partially or wholly deficient.
  ATRACHE'LUS.  Same etymon.  One who is,
very short-necked.—Galen.
  ATRACTYLIS   GUMMIF'ERA,   Car'dttus
pi'neus, Ixi'ne,  Gummy-rooted Atractylis, Pine
Thistle.   Ord.  Composita}.   The  root,  when
wounded, yields a  milky,  viscid juice, which
concretes  into tenacious  masses, and is said to
be chewed with the same views as mastich.
  ATRAGENE, Clematis vitalba.
  ATRAMEN'TUM, A.Suto'rium, Ink, Chalcmi'-
thum, (¥.) Encre.  It has  been advised as an as-
tringent, and  as an  external application in her-
petic affections.
  Atramentum Sutorium, Ferri sulphas.
  ATRE'SIA, (F.) AtrSsie, inherence, Imperfo-
ration.  Same etymon  as Atretus. See Monster.
  Atre'sia Ani  Adna'ta, Anus Imperforatus,
Imperfora'tio  ani, Atretocya'ia,  (F.J Imperfora-
tion de latins.  "Congenital imperforation of the
intestinal canal.
  ATRETELYTRIA,  Colpatresia.
  ATRETISMUS, Imperforation.
  ATRETOCEPH'ALUS, from  arpnros, 'imper-
forate,' and Kt<paXn, ' head.' A monster, in which
some of the natural apertures of the head are
wanting.—Gurlt.
  ATRETOCOR'MUS, from arpnros, 'imperfo-
rate, and  Koppos, 'trunk.'  A  monster in which
the natural apertures of the trunk are wanting.—
Gurlt.
  ATRETOCYSIA,  Atresia ani.
  ATRETOMETRIA,  Hysteratresia.
  ATRETOPSIA, Coreclisis.
  ATRETOSTOM'IA,  from  arpnros,  'imperfo-
rate,' and tsropa, 'mouth.'  Imperforation of the
mouth.
  ATRETURE'THRIA, from arpnros, 'imperfo-
rate,' and ovpqdpa,  'urethra.'  Imperforation of
the urethra.
  ATRE'TUS, from a, priv.,  and rPau, 'I per-
forate.'  Imperfora'tua, Imperforate.  One whose
anus, or  parts  of  generation,  are imperforate
(aproc'tua).
  ATRIA, Auricles of  the heart—a. Mortis, see
Death.
  AT'RICES.  Small tumours, which appear oc-
casionally around the anus.  Some commentators
consider the word to be synonymous with  con-
dylomata.—Forestus.
  ATRICHIA, Alopecia—a. Adnata, see Alope-
cia—a. Senilis, see Alopecia.
  ATRICHUS, Athrix.
  AT'RICI.  Small sinuses in  the vicinity of the
anus, not penetrating the rectum.
  ATRIO-VEN TRIC ULAR, Auriculo-ventricu-
lar.
  ATRIPLEX FG3TID A, Chenopodium vulvaria.
  Atriplex  Horten'sis, A. Suti'va,  (¥.)  Ar-
roche, Bonne  Dame, Follette.   Ord. Chenopodia-
cese.  The herb and  seed of this  plant have been
exhibited as antiscorbutics.
  At'riplex  al'imus, A. Portulaco'i'dea, and  A.
Pat'ula, are used as pickles, and have similar
properties.
  Atrip.lex Laciniata, A. patula—a. Mexicans,
Chenopodium  ambrosoides — a. Odorata, Cheno-
podium botrys—a. Olida,  Chenopodium vuharia. 
ATRIUM CORDIS DEXTER      106               ATTRITION
  Atriplex Pat'ula,  A.  lacinia'ta  seu  Pur-
ihia'na, Spreading Orache;  indigenous; Family,
Chenopodiaceae.  The expressed juice is said to
be cathartic.  It has been used, in place of gam-
boge, in dropsy and asthma.
  Atriplex Purshiana, A. patula.
  ATRIUM CORDIS DEXTER, Sinus dexter
lonlis — a. Cordis sinistrum, Sinus pulmonalis —
a. Vagina?, Yestibulum.
  AT'ROPA, from  Arpoiros,  'immutable,'  'the
goddess  of destiny;'  so called  from its  fatal
effects.
  Atropa Belladon'nv, Belladon'na, B.  bac-
cif'era seu tricholoma, Deadly Nightshade,  Com-
mon  Dwale, (Sc.) Mekilwort, Sola'num  letha'le
seu  horten'se  nigrum,  Sola'num maiilacum  seu
fttrio'sitm  seu  melanocer'asus,  (¥.)  BMadone,
Morelle furieuse, Belle Dame.  Ord. Solanaceaj.
Sex. Syst.. Tetrandria Monogynia.  The leaves—
Belladonna (Ph. U. S.)—are powerfully narcotic,
and also  diaphoretic, and  diuretic.    They  are
occasionally used where narcotics are indicated.
Sprinkling the powdered leaves over  cancerous
sores has been  found to allay  the pain; and the
leaves form a good poultice.  Dose, gr. £ to gr. j
of the powdered leaves.
  Atropa  Manorag'ora, Mandrag'ora, M. ver-
na'lis seu officina'/lfseu acan'lis, Circa'a, Anthro-
pomorph'ua,  Malum  terrea'trc, Mandrake.   The
boiled root has been used iu the form of poultice
to indolent swellings.
  ATROPHIA, Atrophy, Tabes —a.  Ablactato-
rum, Brash, weaning—a. Cerebri, Phrenatrophia
—a. Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the—a. Glandula-
ris,  Tabes mesenterica — a.  Hepatis,  Hepatatro-
phia — a. Infantum, Paedatrophia, Tabes  mesen-
terica—a. Intestinorum, Enteratrophia.
  Atrophia  Lactan'tium,  Tabea nutri'cum  seu
Xae'tea.   The atrophy of nursing women.
  Atrophia Lienis, Splenatrophia—a. Mesen-
terica, Tabes mesenterica—a. Testiculi, Orchida-
trophia—a.  Unguium, Onychatrophia.
  A TROPHIE, Atrophy—a. MSsentSrique, Tabes
mesenterica.
  A TROPHIE- MUSCULAIRE  PROGRES-
SIVE, Paralysie mttsculaire  atrophique, Atrophic
mttsciilaire primitive  ou idiopathique ou  avec
transformation  graisseuse.   A rare  malady, in
which the muscles become  so greatly  atrophied
that they cannot perform their functions.
  ATROPHIED, see Atrophy.
  AT'ROPHY, Marus'mtta Atro'phia, Atro'phia
Maraa'mtta,  Maran'sis, Ma'cies,  Contabeacen'tia,
Tabes, Marco'rea,  Analo'aia, from a, privative,
and  rpo$n, 'nourishment'   (F.) Atropine,  Des-
slchement. Defective nutrition, Hypol'rophy.  Pro-
gressive and morbid  diminution  in the bulk of
the  whole body or of a part  Atrophy is gene-
rally symptomatic.   Any  tissue or organ  thus
affected is said  to be at'rophied.
  Atrophy of the Heart, see Heart, atrophy
of the.
  ATROPIA, Atropine—a. Sulphate of, Atropiee
sulphas.
  ATROP'LE  SULPHAS,  Sulphate  of Atrop'ia
(Ph. L.).   Formed by dissolving atropia in dilute
eitlphurie  acid; evaporating,  and  crystallizing.
Virtues, the same as those of Atropia.
  AT'ROPINE, Atroplna, Atrop'ia, Atrop'ium,
Atropi'num,  Belladon'nin,  (¥.)  Atropine.  The
active principle of Atropa Belladonna, separated
by Brandes, by a process similar to that for pro-
curing morphia. A single drop of a solution, of
one  grain  in f^iv  of  distilled  water with a
few  drops of acetic acid, applied to  the  inner
surface of the lower eyelid, causes  dilatation of
the  pupil,  in fifteen or twenty minutes.  A grain
to a drachm of lard is an  application in  neu-
ralgia.
   ATTACHE, Insertion.
   ATTACK, Instil'tut, Assul'ttti, Irrep'tio, Tnva'-
 aio, Eia'bole, Lepaia, (Prov.) Take, (¥.) Attaque.
 A sudden attack, invasion or onset of a disease.
 A seizure.   One attacked or affected with severe
 disease is often said, in  the United States, to be
 "taken down," or to be "down" with it.
   ATTAGAS, Attagen.
   AT'TAGEN, At'tagas, the Fran'colin.  Cele-
 brated with the ancients both as food and medi-
 cine.—Martial, Aristophanes.
   ATTANCOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS OF
 A  mineral water  in France, at  Attancourt, in
 Champagne;  about three leagues north of Join-
 ville.  The water  is  a  chalybeate, and contains
 sulphate of lime.  In large doses  it is purgative.
   ATTAQUE, Attack — a. dea Nerfa, Nervous
 attack.
   ATTAR OF ROSES, see Rosa centifolia.
   ATTELLE, Splint.
   ATTENOTING,  MINERAL WATERS OF,
 in  Bavaria.  The  water contains carbonic acid,
 carbonates of lime and soda, sulphates of lime
 and magnesia, chloride of sodium, iron and alum.
 It is much used in skin diseases, fistula,  old ul-
 cers, calculi, and haemorrhoids.
   ATTEN'UANTS,  Attenuan'tia,  Leptun'tica,
 (¥.) AttSnuattts, Leptontiquea, from tenttia, 'thin.'
 Medicines  which  augment the fluidity  of the
 humours.
   ATTENUA'TION, Attenua'tio; same etymon.
 Thinness, emaciation.  A term  used by the ho-
 moeopathists, in the  sense of dilution or division
 of  remedies into infinitesimal doses.
   ATTIRANT, Attrahent
   AT'TITUDE,  Situs  Cor'poria.   Low  Latin,
 optitudo; from Latin aptare, 'to fit'  Situation,
 position  of the body.  The attitudes are the dif-
 ferent postures which man is  capable of  assum-
 ing.  In  General  Pathology, the  attitude will
 often enable  the physician to pronounce at once
 upon the character of a disease, or it will aid him
 materially in his judgment.  In St. Vitus's dance,
 in fractures, luxations, Ac, it is the great index.
 It  will  also indicate the degree of nervous or
 cerebral power; henoe  sinking down  in  bed  is
 an  evidence of great cerebral debility in  fever.
 The position of a patient during an operation is
 also an interesting  subject of attention  to the
 surgeon.
  ATTOL'LENS AUREM, A. Auric'ula, Leva'-
 tor Auria, Stipe'rior Auria, Attollena Auric'ulam,
 Attricula'ria attpe'rior, (¥.) Auriculaire aupSrieur,
 Temporo-ouriculaire. A muscle of the ear, which
 arises, thin, broad,  and  tendinous,  from the
 tendon of the occipito-frontalis, and is inserted
into the upper part of the ear, opposite  to the
anti-helix.   It raises the ear.
  Attollens Oculi,  Rectus superior oculi —a.
Oculum, Rectus superior oculi.
  ATTOUCHEMENT, Masturbation.
  ATTRACTION  OF AGGREGATION,  Cohe-
sion, force of.
  ATTRACTIVUM, see Magnet
  ATTRACTIVUS, Attrahent
  ATTRACTORIUS. Attrahent.
  ATTRAHENS AURICULAM, Anterior auris.
  AT'TRAHENT, At'trahena,  Attractlvtta, At-
tractg'rtua, from ad, 'to,' and traho, >I  draw.'
(F.) Attractifi Attirant.   Remedies are so called,
which attract  fluids  to the parts to which they
are applied, as blisters, rubefacients, Ac
  ATTRAPE.-LOURDAUT  (¥.).  A bistoury
invented by a French surgeon, called Biennaise,
and used in the operation for hernia. See Bi»>
touri each 6.
  ATTRITA, Chafing.
/
ATTRITIO, Attrition, Chafine
ATTRITION,  Attrl'tio, Ecthlim'
ma,  from 
a x i it i x u a
107
AURANTIUM
 ad, and terere, ' to bruise.'  Friction or bruising.
 Chafing.—Galen.   Also, a kind  of cardialgia.—
 Sennertus.  Likewise, a violent contusion.
   ATTRITUS, Chafing.
   ATYP'IC, Atyp'icus, At'ypos, (¥.) Atypiqtte,
 from a,  privative, and rvttos, 'type.'  That which
 has no type.  Irregular.  Chiefly applied to an
 irregular intermittent,—Febris attip'ica.
   ATYPOS, Erratic.
   AUANridS, Drying.
   AUAN'113, Anap'se, from  avavats, 'desicca-
 tion.'  Hippocrates gave this name to a disease,
 the principal symptom of which  was emaciation.
 Atrophy.
   A UBE- VIGNE, Clematis vitalba.
   AUBEPINE, Mespilus oxyacantha.
   AUBERGINE, Solanura Melongena.
   AUBIFOIN, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus sege-
 tum.  .
   AUCnEN, Collum.
   AUCHHNORRHEUMA, Torticollis.
   AUCHE'TICUS, from avXnv, 'the neck.'  One
 affected with stiff neck or torticollis.
   AUCTUMXUS, Autumn.
   AUDE, Voice.
   AUDINAC, MINERAL WATERS  OF.   Au-
 dinac is situate in the department of Arriege,
 France.  The water contains  a  small quantity
 of sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, sulphates of
 lime and magnesia, carbonates of lime and iron,
 and a bituminous substance.  Temp.  67° Fahr.
 It is much used in chronic rheumatism, herpes,
 scrofulous diseases, Ac.
   AUDI TIF, Auditory.
   AUDIT"I0N, from audire, attditum, 'tohear;'
 Audil'io, Audlttts, A'coe, Acoe'sis, Acu'sis,  (F.)
 Ott'ie, Hearing.  The act of hearing.   The sen-
 Bation arising from an impression made  on  the
 auditory nerves by the vibrations of the air,, pro-
 duced by a  sonorous body.  The physiology of
 Audition is obscure.  It probably takes place :—
 1. By the vibrations being communicated from
 the membrana tympani along the chain of small
 bones to the membrane of  the  foramen ovale.
 2. By means of the air in the cavity of the tym-
 panum, the membrane of the foramen  rotundum
 is agitated.  3.  The transmission may be made
 by means of the  bony parietes.   In these three
 ways the vibrations produced by a sonorous body
 may reach the auditory nerve.  Audition may be
 active or passive: hence the difference between
 liatening and simply hearing.
   AU'DITORY,  Audito'ritts, Auditi'vua,  Acua'-
 tictta, (F.) Auditif.  That which relates to audi-
 tion.
   Auditory Arteries  and  Veins, are vessels
 which enter  the  auditory canals, and  are, like
 them, distinguished into internal and  external.
 The external auditory artery, A. Tympanique—
 (Ch.) is given off by the styloid, a branch  of  the
 external carotid : the internal is a branch  of  the
 basilary artery, which accompanies the  auditory
 nerve, and is  distributed to it.  The  Auditory
 Veins empty into  the internal and external  ju-
 gulars.
   Auditory  Canal, External, Mea'tus audito'-
 rius exter'ntts, Alvea'rium, Scapha, Scaphtts, (¥.)
 Conduit  auditif  externe, Conduit  auricttlaire,
 commences at the  bottom of the concha,  at the
 Fora'men auditlvum ex/er'num, passes inwards,
 forwards, and a little downwards, and terminates
 at the membrana tympani.   It is partly cartila-
 ginous, partly osseous, and partly fibrous.
   AudItory Canal, Internal, Mea'tus  andito'-
 riua inter'nua, Porua seu Sinua  acua'tictta,  Cyar,
 (¥.) Conduit  auditif interne, C. labyrinthiqtte, is
situate on the posterior surface of the  pars pe-
trosa of the temporal bone.   From tbe Fora'men
auditlvum inter1 num, where it  commences,  it I
 passes  forwards  and outwards, and terminates
 by a kind of cul-de-eac, mac'ula cribro'sa, perfo-
 rated by many holes, one of which is the orifice
 of the Aquaeductus Fallopii; and the others com-
 municate with the labyrinth.
    Auditory Nerve, Nervns audito'ritts seu acus'-
 ticua, Nerf labyrinthiqtte — (Ch.).-is the Portia
 Mollis of the seventh  pair.  It arises from the
 corpus  restiforme, from  the floor of the fourth
 ventricle, and by means of white striae from the
 sides of the calamus scriptorius. As it leaves the
 encephalon, it forms a flattened cord, and pro-
 ceeds with the facial nerve through  the foramen
 auditivum  internum, and as far as the bottom of
 the meatus, where it separates from the facial,
 and divides into  two branches, one going to the
 cochlea, the cochlear;  the other to the vestibule
 and semi-circular canals, the vestibular.
    AUGE, Alveus.  Some of the older anatomists
 gave this name to a reservoir, into which liquids
 flow in  an interrupted manner, so that it is alter-
 nately full and empty.   Such are the ventricles
 and auricles of the heart.
    AUGGERE, Intermittent Fever.
    AUGMENTATION, from augere, auctnm, 'to
 increase;' Attymen'tum, liter emeu'turn, Anab'asis,
 Atte'tio,  Attxis, Progres'sio, I'rogres'sus, Auxe'-
 sis, (¥.) Augment.  The  stage of a disease  in
 which the symptoms go on increasing.
    AULISCUS, Canula.   See Fistula.
    AULOS,  Canula, Fistula.  See Vagi, o, and
 Foramen.
    AUMALE,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  Au-
 male is  a town of Upper Normandy, in the coun-
 try of  Caux.  Several springs of  ferruginou
 mineral waters are found there, whose odour i
 penetrating,  and  taste  rough and  astringent
 They are tonic, and  employed in debility of the
 viscera, Ac.
    A UMURE,  Parietaria.
    AUNE^ NOIRE, Rhamnus frangula.
    AUNEE, Inula helenium — a. Dysmtlriqne,
 Inula dysenterica—a. Officinale, Inula helenium.
    AURA, Pnoe.  A  vapour or emanation from
 any body,  surrounding it like  an  atmosphere.
 Van  Helmont regarded the vital principle as a
 gas and  volatile spirit,  which  he called Aura
 vitalis.
    In Pathology, Aura means the sensation of a
 light  vapour,  which, in some  diseases, appears
 to set out from the trunk or limbs;  and  to rise
 towards the head.  This feeling has been found
 to precede attacks  of epilepsy and hysteria, and
 hence it has been called Aura Epilep'tica, and
 A. hyster'ica.
   Aura Epileptica, see Aura—a. Hysterica, see
 Aura.
   Aura San'guinis. The odour exhaled by blood
 newly drawn.  See Gaz Sanguinis.
   Aura Sem'inis,  A. semina'lis, Spir'itus geni-
 talis:—A volatile principle fancied  to exist in
 the sperm, and regarded by some as  the  fecun-
 dating agent.   Such is not the case.
   Aura  Vitalis, Vital principle.
   AURAL   MEDICINE   AND  SURGERY,
 Otiatria.
   AURANCUM, see Ovum.
   AURA NITE, see Agaric.
   AURAN'TIA CURASSAVEN'TIA, A. Cttras-
 aav'ica, Cttraaao'a ajjplea or orangea.   Immature
 oranges,  checked,  by accident, in their growth.
 They  are a grateful, aromatic bitter,  devoid  of
 acidity.  Infused in wine or brandy they make a
 good  stomachic.   They are also used for issue
 peas.   See Citrus aurantium.
  AURANTII  CORTEX, see Citrus  aurantium
—a. Floris Aqua, see Citrus aurantium.
  AURANTIUM,  Citrus aurantium. 
AURELIANA  CANADENSIS   108              AUTEMESIA
  AURELIANA CANADENSIS, Panax  quin-
quefolium.
  AUREOLA, Areola.
  AURI CHLORETUM   CUM  CHLORETO
NATRII, see Gold—a. Chloridura, Gold, muriate
of—a. Chloretum, Gold, muriate of—a. Cyanidum,
see Gold—a. Cyanuretum, see Gold—a. lodidum,
see Gold—a. Ioduretum, see  Gold — a. et Natri
chloruretura, see Gold—a. Murias, Gold, muriate
of—a. Nitro-murias, see Gold — a. Oxidura, see
Gold —a. Terchloridum, see Gold—a.. Tereyani-
dum, see Gold—a. Teroxidum, see Gold.
  AURICHALCUM, Brass.
  AURICLE, Auric'ula, (¥.) Attricule,  Oricule.
Diminutive of auris, an ear.  The  pavilion  of
the ear.  See Pavilion.
  Auricles of the Heart, Auric'ula, A'tria,
Cavita'tea innomina'ta,  {¥.) Oreillettcs,  are two
cavities, one right, the other left, each communi-
cating with the ventricle of its side.  These two
cavities receive the blood from every part of the
body.  Into the right auricle, the two venae cavae
and coronary vein open: into the left,  the four
pulmonary  veins.  Chaussier calls the former the
Sinus of the Vena Cava: — the latter, the Sinus
of the  Pulmonary Veins.  The foliated  or dog's
ear portion of each auricle is called Appen'dix
auric'ula.  See Sinus.
  Auricula Judas, Peziza auricula — a. Muris,
Hieracium  Pilosella—a. Muris major, Hieracium
murorum.
  AURICULAIRE, Auricular, see  Digitus — a.
PostSrieur,  Retrahens auris—a. SupSrieur, Attol-
lens nurem.
  AURICULAR,  Auricula'ris,  Oric'ular, (¥.)
Auriculaire,  from   auricula,  'the  ear.'   That
which  belongs to the ear,  especially to the ex-
ternal  ear.
  AURIC'ULAR  AR'TERIES  AND  VEINS, Orictl-
laires—(Ch.), are divided  into anterior and pos-
terior.  The anterior are of indeterminate num-
ber.  They arise from the  temporal  artery, and
are distributed to the meatus auditorius externus,
and to the pavilion of  the ear.  The poaterior
auricular is given off by the external carotid,
from which it separates  in  the substance  of the
parotid gland. When it reaches the inferior part
of the pavilion of the ear it bifurcates; one of its
branches being distributed to the inner surface
of the pavilion, the other passing over the mas-
toid process, and being distributed to the tempo-
ral and posterior auris  muscles, Ac.  Before its
bifurcation it gives off  the atylo-maetoid artery.
The Anterior and Poaterior Auricular Veina open
into the temporal and external jugular.
   Auricular Finger, (F.) Doigt auriculaire, is
the little finger, so called  because, owing to  its
size, it can be more readily introduced  into the
meatus auditorius.
   Auricular Nerves  are several.  1. The au-
ricular branch,  Zygomato-auricular, is  one  of
the ascending branches of the cervical plexus.
It ramifies and spreads  over the two surfaces of
the pavilion.   2.  Tbe  auricular or  auperficial
temporal, Temporal-ctttaneoua—(Ch.), is given  off
from the inferior maxillary.  It ascends between
the condyle of the jaw and  the meatus auditorius
externus, sends numerous filaments to the meatus
and pavilion, and divides  into two twigs, which
accompany the branches of the temporal artery,
and are distributed to  the integuments of the
head.   There is also a poaterior auricular fur-
nished by the facial.
   AURICULARIA SAMBUCI,  Peziza auricula.
   AURICULARIS ANTERIOR, Anterior auris
—a. Superior, Atto.llens aurem.
   AURICULE, Auricle, Pavilion of the ear.
   AURICULO-VENTRICULAR,  A'trio-ven-
t~ic'ular, A'trio-ventricula'ris,  Auric'ulo-ventri-
cula'ris, (¥.)Aurictdo-ventriculaire.   That which
belongs to the auricles and ventricles of the heart
The communications between  the auricles and
ventricles are so called.   The Tricuspid and Mi-
tral Valves are  auriculo-ventricular valves.
  AURI'G A.   A species of bandage for the ribs,
described by Galen.   See, also, Liver.
  AURIGO, Icterus — a. Neophytorum, Icterus
Infantum.
  AURIPIGMENTUM, Orpiment—a. Rubrum,
Realgar.
  AURIS, Ear.
  AURISCALPIUM, Earpick.
  AURISCOP'IUM, An'riacope, from auris, 'the
ear,' and oico-ireta, 'I view.'   An instrument  for
exploring the ear.
  AURIST, Otia'ter, Otia'trus, Ear-doctor, Ear-
surgeon; from  auris, 'the ear.'   One who  occu-
pies himself chiefly with the diseases of the  ear
and their treatment.
  AURIUM FLUCTUATIO, Bombus —a. Mar-
morata,  Cerumen—a. Sibilus,  Bombus—a. Soni-
tus, Bombus—a. Sordes, Cerumen—a. Susurrus,
Bombus.
  A UR 0 NE,  Artemisia  abrotanum — a.  des
Champa, Artemisia campestris—a. dea Jardina,
Artemisia abrotanum — a. Mdle, Artemisia abro-
tanum.
  AURUGO, Icterus.
  AURUM,  Gold —a. Chloratum,  Gold, mu-
riate of—a. Chloratum natronatum, see Gold—a
Foliatum, Gold leaf—a. in Libellis, Gold leaf—a.
Leprosum, Antimonium — a. Limatum, see Gold
—a. Muriaticum, see Gold—a. Muriaticum natro-
natum, see  Gold.
  Aurum Musi'vum, Aurttm Moaa'icum, Sulph'-
uret of Tin, Deiitosnlphuret or Perattlphuret of
tin.   (Quickailver, tin, sulphur, sal ammoniac,
aa, equal parts.  The tin being first melted,  the
quicksilver is poured into it, and then the whole
are ground together, and sublimed in a bolthead.
The aurum musivum lies at the bottom.)  It is
used in some empirical preparations.
  Aurum Oxydatum, see Gold—a. Oxydulatum
muriaticum, Gold, muriate of—a. Nitro-muriati-
cum, see Gold—a. Salitum, Gold, muriate of.
  AUS'CULTATE, from auscultare, 'to listen.'
To practise auscultation.  'To auscult' is at tiuiea
used with the same signification.
  AUSCULTA'TION,  Auaculta'tio, Echos'cope,
act of listening.  Buisson has used it synony-
mously with liatening.  Laennec introduced <ih«-
cultution to appreciate the different sounds which
can be heard  in the chest,- and in the diagnosis
of  diseases of  the heart, lungs, Ac.   This may
be  done  by the aid of an instrument called a  ste-
thoscope, one extremity of which is applied to the
ear, the  other to the chest of  the patient  This
mode of examination is called Mediate Ausculta-
tion, (F.) Auscultation mSdiate,—the application
of the ear to the chest being immediate  ausculta-
tion.
  The act of exploring the chest is called Stetho-
scop'ia,  and Thoracoscop'ia;  of the abdomen,
Abdominoscop'ia.
  AUSCUL'TATORY, Auscultato'riua ;  Aus'cnl.
tory, Anscul'tic, (with some.)  Belonging or hav-
ing relation to  auscultation.
  Auscultatory Percussion, see Acouophoma.
  AUSTERE', Auste'rus. Substances which pro-
duce a high degree  of acerb  impression  on the
organs of taste.
  AUSTRUCHE, Imperatoria
  AUTALGIA DOLOROSA,  Neuralgia,  facial,
Pleurodynia—a. Pruriginosa, Itching—a. Vertigo,
Vertigo.                                   °
  AUTARCI'A, from avros, 'himself,'and apt*,
  I  am satisfied.'  Moral trftnquillitv —Galen
  AUTEMES'IA, from avros,  'self andiZcts, 
AUTEMPRESMUS          1
' vomiting.'  Spontaneous or idiopathic vomiting.
—Alibert
  AUTEMPRESMUS, Combustion, human.
  AUTHE'MERON.  A medicine which  cures
on the day  of its exhibition; from  avros, 'the
same,' and 'nptpa, ' day.'
  AUTHYGIANSIS, Vis medicatrix  naturae.
  AUTOCHIR, Autochlrus, Suiclda, from avros,
 ' himself,' and xtl9> ' hand.   One who has com-
 mitted suicide.   A self-murderer or suicide.
  AUTOCIIIRIA, Suicide.
  AUTOCINE'SIS,  Motus   volunta'rius,  from
 avros, 'self,' and Ktvnats, 'motion.'  Voluntary
 motion.
  AUTOC'RASY, Antocrati'a, Autocrato'ria,
 from avros, ' himself,' and xparos, ' strength.' In-
 dependent force.  Action of  the vital principle,
 or of the instinctive powers,  towards the preser-
 vation of the individual.  See  Vis  Medicatrix
 Naturae.  Also,  the vital principle.
   AUTOCRATIA,  Autocrasy, Vis  Medicatrix
 Naturae.
   AUTOCRATORIA, Autocrasy—a. Physiatrice,
 Vis medicatrix naturae.
   AUTOCTONIA, Suicide.
   AUTOG"ENOUS, from avros, 'self,'and ytv-
 vam, 'I generate.'  A term applied by Mr. Owen
 to  parts or elements that are usually developed
 from distinct and independent centres; as  in the
 case of the  different parts or elements that form
 a vertebra.
   AUTOGENIA, Generation, equivocal.
   AUTOLITHOT'OMUS, from avros, 'himself,'
 XtSos, ' a stone,'  and rtpveiv, ' to cut.'  One who
 operates upon himself for the stone.
   AUTOMATIC, Automat'icus, Autom'atus, (¥.)
 Atitomatiqite, from avroparos,' spontaneous.' That
 which acts of itself.  Those movements are called
 automatic which are executed without volition :—
 involuntary motions, motus automat'ici seu  au-
 tom'ati seu  involunta'rii.
   AUTOMNAL, Autumnal.
   AUTONOM'IA, Via medica'trix natu'ra. The
 word Autonomia is occasionally employed by the
 French and Germans for the peculiar mechanism
 of  an organized body.   Thus, although indivi-
 duals of the same species may differ in outward
 conformation, their mechanism  or  instinctive
 laws (Autonomia) may be the same.
   AUTONYCTOBATIA, Somnambulism.
   AUTOPEP'SIA, from avros, 'self,' and  irticru,
 ' I concoct' Self-digestion,—as of the  stomach
 after death.
   AUTOPniA.Autopsia.
   AUTOPH'ONY, Autopho'nia, (F.)  Autophonie,
 lletentiaaement autophonique, from avros,  ' self,'
 and <f>u)vn, ' voice.' An auscultatory sign pointed
 out by M. Hourmann, which consists in noting
 the  character of the observer's own voice, while
 be speaks with  his head placed close to the  pa-
 tient's chest  The voice, it is alleged, will be
 modified by the condition of the subjacent organs.
 The resonance,  thus heard,  he terms retentiaae-
 ment autophonique.  This diagnostic  agency Dr.
 R. G. Latham proposes to term heautophon'ica.
   AUTOPHONIA, Suicide.
   AUTOPHOSPHORUS, Phosphorus.
   AUTOPLAS'TIC, Autoplaa'ticua,  from  avros,
 'self,' and  ■KXaorncos, 'formative.'  Relating to
 autoplasty or plastic surgery.
   AUTOPLASTICE, Morioplastice.
   AUTOPLASTY, Morioplastice.
   AUTOP'SIA,  Au'topsy, from avros, 'himself,'
 and otpts, 'vision.'  Autoph'ia, Autoacop'ia. In-
 spection ; examination by one's self;  self-inspec-
 tion. Often improperly used  for the following:
  Autopsia Cadaver'ica, (F.) Autopsie ou Ou-
 verture eadavSrique. Attentive examination after
 death,—Examination post mortem, Sectio Cadav'- ,
9                 AVENA
eris, Dissection, Nec'roscopy,  Nee'ropsy, Neero-
acop'ia,  Necrop'aia, Necrop'sia, — practised for
the purpose of investigating the causes and seat
of an  affection of  which a  person  may have
died, Ac.
  Autop'sia Cadaver'ica Lega'lis, Sec'tio seu
Obduc'tio lega'lia, is the examination after death
for medico-legal purposes.
  AUTOPYROS,  Syneomistos.
  AUTOSCOPIA, Autopsia.
  AU'TOSITE, from  avros,  ' self,' and  atros,
'nourishment'   A  single monster, capable ol
deriving nourishment from its  own proper or-
gans, in contradistinction to Omphalosite.
   AUTOTHERAPIA, Vis medicatrix naturae.
   AUTUMN, Atttum'ttus, Attctum'nua, from ou-
gere, auctum, 'to increase'[?],  Phthiropo'ron, (F.)
Automne. One of the seasons of the year, between
tbe 23d of September and the 21st of December.
In all climates, the Autumn or Fall is  liable to
disease'; a combination of local and atmospherio
causes being then present, favourable to its pro-
duction.
   AUTUM'NAL,  Auiumna'lis,  (¥.)  Automnal.
Relating  to Autumn;  as Autumnal Fruits, Au-
tumnal  Fevers, Ac.
   Autumnal Flver generally assumes a bilious
aspect.  Those of the intermittent kind are much
more obstinate than when they  appear in the
spring.
   AUXESIS, Augmentation, Increase.
   AUXIL'IARY, Auxilia'ris,  from  auxilittm,
'aid.'   (F.) Attxiliaire.  That which assists, or
from which assistance is obtained.
   Auxiliary Medicine is one which assists the
principal medicine  or  basis.  It is synonymous
with Adjuvant.
   Auxiliary Muscles are  those which concur
in the same movement.  Some anatomists have
applied the  term to several ligaments, as well as
to the fleshy fibres, which hang from the sacro-
epiualia muscle.
   AUXILIUM, Juvans, Medicament
   AUXIS, Augmentation, Increase.
   AVA, Arva, Kava.  An intoxicating  narcotic
drink, made by chewing the  Piper methisticum.
It is much used by the Polynesians.
   AVAILLES, WATERS OF.   A small village
in France,  13  leagues  S. S. E. of Poitiers, at
which  there is a  cold  saline  chalybeate.  It
contains chlorides of sodium and calcium, sul-
phate and subcarbonate of soda,  iron, Ac.
   AVANT-BOUCHE (¥.), Oa anti'cum.   This
name has been applied by some to the mouth,
properly so called—in contradistinction to the
Arrilre bouehe or Pharynx.
   A VA NT- BRAS, Fore-arm.
   AVANT-COHUR, Scrobiculus cordis.
   AVANT-GOUT (¥.), Praguata'tio.   A fore-
taste ; praegustation.
   A VANT-MAIN (¥.), Adver'aa Manua.  The
inside of the hand, when extended.
   AV ANT-PIED (¥.). The most advanced part
of the foot.
   A VANT-POIGNET (¥.).  The anterior part
of the wrist.
   A VELINE, Corylus avellana,  (nut)
   AVELLANA, Corylus avellana—a. Cathartica,
Jatropha curcas.
   AVE'NA, Bromoa, Oata, (Prov., North of Eng-
land) Aita.  The  seeds of Ave'na eati'va.   Ord.
Gramineae.  Sex.  Syat.  Triandria Digynia.  (F.)
Avoine.  Oats are used as food for man in some
parts, particularly in the North of England and
Scotland.   When deprived  of the  husks, they
form Groata. B.educed to meal—Arena Farina,
Oatmeal, (Ph. U.  S.) — they are applied as cata-
plasms  to promote suppuration.  The dry meal
is sprinkled over erysipelatous parts. 
AVENGE  FARINA           110       AXO ID O-ATLO ID TEN
  Oatmeal gruel, Water gruel, is prepared as fol-
lows:— Take of oatmeal, Jjij ;  soft water,  Oiss.
Rub the meal in a basin, with the back of a spoon,
in a moderate quantity of the water, pouring off
the fluid after the grosser particles have subsided,
but whilst  the milkiness continues; and repeat
the operation until no more milkiness is commu-
nicated to the water. Put the washings in a pan,
after having  stirred  them well, in order to  sus-
pend any fecula which may have subsided;  and
boil until a. soft, thick mucilage is formed.
  It is a good demulcent, and is  used  also as a
vehicle for  clysters.
  Avena Excorticata,  Groats.
  AVEX/E FARINA, see Avena.
  AVEN.HETM,  MINERAL   WATERS   OF.
Avenheim is three leagues from Strasburg: near
it is an aperient mineral  water.
  AVEXNES,  MIXERAL  WATERS   OF.
Avennes is a village in  the department of He-
rault, in  France: near it is a saline spring, the
temperature of which rises to 84° Fahrenheit.
  AVKNS, COMMON, Geum urbanum—a. Pur-
ple, Geum  rivale — a.  Water,  Geum rivale — a.
White, Gleum Virginianum — a.  Yellow,  Geum
urbanum.
  AV ERICH, Sulphur.
  AVERRHO'A BILIM'BI, 2?iWm'&i, Bilimbing
teres.  Ord. Oxalideae  : called  after Averrhoes.
An Indian  tree, which  has a fruit that is too acid
to  be eaten alone.  It is used as a condiment,
and in the  form of syrup as a refrigerant.
  Averrho'a Caram'bola, Malum Coen'ee,Pru-
ntun  stella'tum,   Tam'ara,  Conga,  Caram'bolo.
Art Indian  tree, whose fruits are  agreeably acid.
The bark,  bruised, is employed  as a cataplasm,
and its fruit is used as  a refrigerant  in bilious
fever and dysentery.
  AVER'S ION, Aver'aio, Apot'rope, from  aver-
tere, (a and  vertere,) 'to turn  from.'   Extreme
repugnance for anything whatever.
  A VERSION (¥.) also means, in therapeutics,
the action of medicines which turn the afflux of
fluids from one organ, and direct them to others;
being  synonymous  with counter-irritation, or
rather, rerulsion or derivation.
  AVERTIN  (¥.).   A  disease  of  the  mind,
which, according to Lavoisien, renders the pa-
tient obstinate and furious.
  AVEUGLE, Caecus.
  AVEUGLEMENT,  Caecitas — a.  de  Jour,
Nyctalopia—a. de Naif,  Hemeralopia.
   AVICEX'NIA  TOMEXTO'SA, A. Africa'na
seu reainif'era seu  nilida, Bon'tia ger'minans :
called after Avicenna.   Ord. Verbenacea?.   The
plant  which affords the Malac'ca Bean or Ana-
car'dium Orienta'le of  the Pharmacopoeias, Seme-
ear' pus Anaear'dium.  The oil drawn  from the
bark of the fruit is a corrosive and active vesica-
tory, but it is not used.
   A VICE LA CIPRIA, Pastil—a. Margaritifera,
see Pearl.
  AVOIN, Avena.
   AVON,  MIXERAL  WATERS OF.   Avon
Springs  are  in the  State of New York, on the
eastern branch  of the Genesee  river,  18  miles
from Rochester. There are three sulphureo-saline
and one iodine  spring.  They are applicable  to
the same set of cases as the Sharon Springs.
   AVORTEMENT, Abortion—a. ProvoqttS, see
Parturition.
   AVORTER, to Abort.
   A VORTIN, Abortion.
   AV0RTON, Abortion.
   AVULSIO, Arrachement.
   AVULSION, Evulsion.
   AX, MIXERAL AVATERS OF.    Ax  is  a
 small town in the department of Arri&ge, France;
 where there  are several sulphurous springs, the
temperature of which varies from 77° to 162° of
Fahrenheit.                      „  ,
  AXE.  Axis—", de VtEil, Axis of the eye.
  AX'EA COMMISSU'RA, Trochuldea.  A
pivot-joint  See Trochoid.
  Axen  Kb'rper, Corpuscula tactfls.
  AXES, Intermittent, Paroxysm.
  AXILE BODIES, Corpuscula tactfls.
  AXIL'LA,  Ala,  Ascella,  Assrl'la,  Ascil'la,
Acella,  Cordis emttncto'rium,  Male, Hypo'mia,
Fo'rea axilla'ria, Mas'chftle, Maa'chalia, (Sc. and
Prov.) Oxtar, Oxter, (¥.)  Aisselle.  The cavity
beneath the junction of the arm with the sbould<r;
the armpit; (¥.) Creuxdel Aisselle. It is bounded,
anteriorly, by a portion of the pectoralis major;
posteriorly, by the latissimus dorsi.  It.  is  covered
with hair, contains much areolar membrane, lym-
phatic ganglions, important vessels  and nerves,
and numerous sebaceous follicles, furnishing an
odorous secretion.  In  consequence of such secre-
tion, the ancients called it  emuncto'rium  cordis.
  AX'ILLARY,  Maschalia'us,  (¥.)  Axillaire,
from  axilla,  'the  armpit'   Belonging  to the
armpit.
  Axillary Artery.  Arte'ria axilla'ria; a con-
tinuation of the subclavian, extending from the
pnsrage of the latter between the scaleni  muscles
as  far as the insertion of the pectoralis major,
when it takes the name of  Brachial.
  Axillary Glands are lymphatic glands seated
in the armpit; into which  the  lymphatic glands
of  the upper extremity open.
  Axillary  Nerve,   Cir'cumflex N, Scapulo-
humeral (Ch.), Nerf circonflcxe, Artic'ular nerve;
arises  from the  posterior  part of the brachial
plexus,  particularly from  tbe last two  cervical
pairs and the first dorsal.  It is chiefly distri-
buted to tbe posterior  margin of the deltoid.
  Axillary Vein,  Vena. Axilla'ris, Vena Suba-
la'ria.  This  vein corresponds with the artery;
anterior to which it is situate.   It is a continua-
tion of the brachial veins  ; and, at  its termina-
tion, assumes the name Subclavian.
  AXINE, Ascia.
  AXIRNACH.  An  Arabic word, used by Al-
bucasis to designate a  fatty tumour of the upper
eyelid, observed particularly in children.
  AXIS, Axon, (F.) Axe.   A  right line which
passes through the  centre of a body.
  Axis,  Cerebro-Spinal,  see  Encephalon — a.
of  the Cochlea, Modiolus—a. Cranio-Spinal, see
Encephalon — a. Cylinder  of  Nerve, see Nerve
fibre — a. Coeliac, Cceliac artery.
  Axis  of  the Eye,  (F.) Axe  de Vail, called
also, Vis'ual Axis and  Optic Axis, is a right line,
which falls perpendicularly on the eye, and passes
through the centre  of  the pupil.
  Axis,  Hjemal, Aorta — a.  Neural,  see Ence-
phalon.
  Axis,  is also the  second  vertebra of the neck,
Axon, Epistropheus, Epis'trophus, Maschalister:
 Ver'tebra Dentilta,  (F.) Esaieu.  So called, be-
cause it forms a kind of axis on which tbe head
moves.   Chaussier  calls  it AxoH.de,  from afw»,
'axis,' and ttios, 'shape.'
  AXLETEETH,  Molar teeth.
  AXOIDE, Axis—a.  Occipitale, Rectus capital
posticus major.
  AXOID'O-ATLOID'EUS. What refers to both
the axis and atlas, asAxoido-atloidean articulation.
  The  lesions of the  Axoido-atloidean, are, L
Fracture of the Procea'aue Denta'tna.  2.  Ruptnrl
of  the odontoid ligament,  and  consequently pas-
sage and pressure of the process behind the tran*
verse ligament: and, 3. The simultaneous rupture
of  the odontoid and transverse ligaments.  These
different accidents are  fatal.
  AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEN,  Obliquus  inferior
capitis. 
AXON
111
BACCHIA
  AXON, Axis.
  AXONGE, Adeps praeparatus.
  AXUNGE, Adeps praeparatus.
  AXUNGIA, Pinguedo—a.'Gadi, Oleum Jecoris
Aselli — a. de Mumia,  Marrow — a. Articulaxis,
Synovia—a. Piscina Marina, Oleum Jecoris Aselli
—a. Porcina, Adeps praeparatus.
  AYPNIA, Insomnia.
  AZALEA   PROCUMBENS, Loiseleuria  pro-
cumbens.
  AZARNET, Orpiment.
  AZARUM, Asarum—a. Cabaret, Asarum.
  AZEDARACH, Melia Azedarach.
  AZEDARACHA AMCENA, Melia Azedarach.
  AZO'fC, Azo'icua, same etymon as Azote. De-
void of life.   The "Azoic period" of the geologist
is that before any living being appeared.
  AZOODYNA'MIA, from a, priv.,  &n, 'life,'
and Svvapts,  ' strength.'  Privation or diminution
of the vital powers.
  AZORES, CLIMATE OF.   The  Azores  or
Western Islands are said to afford one  of the best
examples of a mild, humid, equable climate,  to
be met with  in the northern hemisphere.  It is
slightly colder and moister than that of Madeira,
but even more equable. Sir James Clark thinks,
that a change from the Azores to Madeira, and
thence to Teneriffe—one of the Canaries—would
prove more beneficial to the phthisical valetudi-
narian than  a residence during the whole winter
in any one of those islands.
  AZOTAS  HYDRARGYRICUS LIQUIDUS,
Beo Hydrargyri nitras—a. Hydrargyroso—ammo-
nicus, see  Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — a.
Hydrargyrosus,  Hydrargri  nitras—a.  Potassicus,
 Potassae nitras.
   AZOTATE,  Nitrate —a.  d'Argent,   Argenti
nitras—a. de Mercure, Hydrargyri nitras—a. de
Mercure et  d'ammoniaque,  see Hydrargyri  oxy-
 dum cinereum — a. de Plomb,  Plumbi  nitras — a.
 de Potasse,  Potassaj nitras.
   A'ZOTE, Azo'tttm, from a, priv., and fan, 'life.'
Nitrogen,  Alcaligene,  Gas  azo'ticum,  Nitro-
gen'ium, Septon, (¥.) Azote, Nitroglne, Mofette,
Air gatS, Air vide, is a gas which is unfit for re-
spiration.  It is not positively  deleterious, but
proves fatal  owing to the want of oxygen.  It is
one  of the constituents of atmospheric air, and a
distinguishing principle of animals.  Vegetables
have it  not  generally diffused, whilst it is met
 with in  most animal  substances.  It has  been
variously called, phlogiatic air, vitiated air, Ac.;
has  been looked upon as  sedative, and recom-
 mended to be respired, when properly  diluted, in
 diseases of the chest
  Azote, Protoxide of,  Nitrogen, gaseous ox-
ide of.
  AZOTE, Xitrogenized.
  AZOTED, Xitrogenized.
  AZOTENESES, from azote, and  voero?, 'dis-
ease.'  Diseases  fancied to  be occasio ■*■«. by the
predominance of azote in  the body.—Baumes.
  AZOTIC ACID, Nitric acid.
  AZOTIZED. Nrrogenized.
  AZOTURIA, see Urine.
  AZTEC CHILDREN, see Nanus.
  AZUR, Coral, Smalt.
  AZU'RIUM.   A compound of two  parts of
mercury, one-third of sulphur, and one-fourth of
sal ammoniac.—Albertus Magnus.
  AZ'YGE.S, Az'ygos, Az'ygoua,  aine pari, from
a, priv.,  and (,vyos, 'a yoke', not paired.   The
aphenoid bone, because it has no fellow.  Also,  a
process, Proves'sus Az'ygea, Rostrum aphenoida'le,
projecting from  under the  middle and  forepart
of this bone.
  AZYGOS  GANGLION,  see  Trisplanchnio
Nerve.
  AZYGOUS ARTICULAR  ARTERY, see Ar-
ticular arteries of the skull.
  Azygous  'SUis<.-LK,Azygoa U'vula, is the small
muscle which occupies the substance of the uvula.
— Morgagni.   The name is, however, inappro-
priate, as there are two distinct fasciculi, placed
along-side each  other, forming the Pal'ato-sta-
 pliylltti,  Stajyhyli'ni or  Epistaphyllni muscles,
 Staphyli'ni me'dii of Winslow.
  Azygous   Process,  op  the   Sphenoid, see
 Azyges.
  Azygous  Vein, Vena Azygos, Veine PrSlombo-
 thoracique—(Ch.), Vena sine pari, Vena pari
 carens, (¥.) Veine sans Paire.  This vein was so
 called by Galen.  It forms a communication be-
 tween the V. cava inferior  and V. cava superior,
 permitting the blood  to  pass freely between the
 two. It rises from the  vena cava  inferior,  or
from one of the lumbar or renal veins, passes
through the diaphragm, ascends along the spine
to the right of the  aorta and thoracic duct, and
opens into the V. cava superior, where it pene-
trates'the pericardium.  On the  left  side, the
SEMI-Az'ygos, Left bron'chial or  left  superior in-
 tercos'tal vein, Vena demi-azygos,  V. hcmi-az'yga,
 Veine petite prSlombo-thoraciqtte—(Ch.), presents,
in miniature, nearly the same arrangement.
  AZYMIA  HUMORUM, Crudity  of  the hu-
mours.
  AZ'YMUS, from a, priv., and £vpn, 'leaven.'
Azymous bread is unfermented, unleavened bread
—Galen.
   AZZLE-TEETH, Molar  teeth.
B.
  BAB EUR RE, Buttermilk.
  BABILLEMEMT, Loquacity.
  BABUZICARIUS, Incubus.
  BABY, Infans.
  BACARIS, Bach'aria.  A name given by the
anDients  to  an ointment,  described by Galen
under  the  name  Ointment of  Lydia.   It  was
sometimes employed in diseases of the womb.—
Hippocrates.
  BACCiE BERMUDENSES,  Sapindus sapo-
naria—b. seu Grana actes, see Sambucus ebulus
—b. Jujuba?, Jujube—b. Myrtillorum, see Vacci-
nium myrtillus — b. Norlandicse, Rubus arcticus
—b. Piperis Glabri, see Piper Cubeba— b. Pisca-
toriae, see Menispermum cocculus — b. Zizyphi,
see  Jujube.
  BACCAR,  Bac'caria, Bac'charia.   An herb
used by the ancients in their garlands, to destroy
enchantment.  Perhaps, the Digitalia purpurea.
Some authors have- erroneously thought it to bo
the  Aaarttm.
  BACCHARIS, Baccnr.
  Bac'charis Halimifo'lia, Groundsel tree ; Or-
der, Compositae; indigenous ; is used as a demul-
cent to allay cough, in the form of decoction.
  BACCHI'A, from Bacchua, ' the god of wine.' 
BACCHICA
112
BALANORRHAGIA
A name applied to the red or pimpled face of the
drunkard.   See Gutta rosea.
  BACCHICA, Hedera helix.
  BACCIV'OROUS, Bacciv'orus, (F.) Baccivorc,
from bacca, 'a berry,' and voro, ' I devour.' Liv-
ing on berries.
  BACHARIS, Bacaris.
  BACHELOR'S BUTTONS, see Strychnos nux
vomica.
  BACHER'S TONIC PILLS, Pilulae ex Helle-
boro et Myrrha.
  BAC1LE, Crithmum maritimum.
  BACILLAR LAYER   OF  THE  RETINA,
Tunica Jacobi.
  BACIL'LLM,  Bacillus,  Bac'ulus,  Bac'culua:
'a stick.'   This name has been applied to a kind
of troch, composed of expectorants, and having
the shape of a stick.  Also, a suppository.  Bacil-
lum was used by the ancient chemists for several
instruments of iron.
  BACK, Dorsum.
  BACK-ACH ROOT, Liatris.
  BACKBONE, Vertebral column.
  BACKSIDE, Nates.
  BACKSPREXT, Vertebral column.
  BACKSTROKE OF THE HEART, Impulse,
diastolic.
  BACOBOTRYS PICTA, Saoria.
  BACOVE, Musa. sapientum.
  IJACTYRILOBIUM FISTULA, Cassia fistula.
  BACULUS,  Bacillum.
  BAD, Sick.
  BADEX, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Baden
is  a town  six  miles from Vienna.  Here are 12
springs, containing carbonates of lime and mag-
neisa;  sulphates  of lime, and  magnesia, and
soda;  and chlorides of sodium  and aluminum.
The water is used in diseases of the skin, rheu-
matism, Ac.
  There are two other towns  of the same name;
one in  Suabia, and  the  other  in Switzerland,
about 12 miles from Zurich,  where are mineral
springs.  The waters of the last two are thermal
sulphureous.
  BADEN-BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Celebrated thermal springs, situate about a league
from the high road to Basle and Frankfort.  Their
temperature varies from 130° to 154° Fahrenheit.
Their situation is beautiful, and they are much
frequented.
  BADENWEILER, MINERAL WATERS OF.
B.  is in Baden, about a league to the westward
of  Mullheim.  The waters are thermal (87° of
Fahr.), and contain carbonate of lime, sulphuret
and chloride of calcium, and chloride of magne-
sium.
   BADER, Bather.
   BADIAGA. A kind of sponge, sold in Russia,
the powder of which is said to take away the livid
marks from blows and bruises in a few hours.
Its nature is not understood.
   BADIANE, Illicium anisatum.
   BADJSIS, Walking.
   BADLY, Sick.
   BADUKKA, Capparis badukka.
   BAG,  DUSTING, see  Dusting-bag — b. of
Wnters, see Liquor Amnii.
   BAG EDI A, Pound.
   BAGGIE, Abdomen.
   BAGNKRES-ADOUR, MINERAL WATERS
OF.  Bagneres-Adour is a small town in the de-
partment  of Hautes PyrSnSes,  having a great
uuinber of mineral springs;  some,  cold chaly-
tieates; others, thermal salines;  but the greatest
part sulphureous and warm.
   BAGXERES  DU LUCHON  is a small town
in  tbe department of Haute Garonne,  on  the
frontiers of Spain.  It has been for a long time
famous  for  its numerous sulphureous  springs,
the temperature of which is from 69° to 148° of
Fahrenheit.
  BAGNIGGE WELLS. A saline mineral spring
of London, resembling the Epsom.
  BAGNIO, Baignoire.
  BAGNOLES, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Bagnoles is a village in tbe department of Orne.
The water resembles that of Bagnlres de Luchon.
  BAGNOLS, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Bag.
nols is a village, two leagues from Mende, in toe
departmemt of Lozfire.  The waters are hydro-
sulphurous and thermal: 109° Fahrenheit.
  BAGOAS, Castratus.
  BAGUENAUDIER, Colutea arborescens.
  BAHA'MA  ISLANDS, CLIMATE OF.  The
climate of the Bahamas is not considered to be
well adapted  for consumptive  patients, on ac-
count of the rapid  alternations of temperature,
and the prevalence of winds, often of a dry, cold
character.   Still, the phthisical valetudinarians
from most portions of  the United  States might
derive advantage from  a residence there during
the  winter  months.   The accommodations are
not, however, good,  or numerous.
   BAHEL,  Coluin'nea  longifo'lia.  A  labiated
plant of Malabar, whose leaves, bruised, are ap-
plied as cataplasms to suppurating  tumours.
   Bahel Schulli, Genista spinosa Indica.
   BAIGNEUR. Bather.
   BAIGNOIRE, (¥.) Baptiste'rium, a Bathing
tub, Bagnio, So'liuin, Piscina.   The vessel  or
place in which bathing is performed.  Baignoire
oculaire, an eye-bath,—a small vessel for bathing
the eyes.   See Scaphium oculare.
   BAILEY'S  SPRING, see  Alabama, Mineral
Waters of.
   BAILLEMENT, Yawning.
   BAlLLON, Speculum oris.
   BAIN, Bath — 6. Chaud,  Bath,  hot—6. Else.
trique, Bath, electric, see Electricity — b. Entier,
Bath,  general—b.  de  Fattteuil, Bath, hip — 1.
Frais, Bath, tepid—6. Froid, Bath, cold—b. By-
giSnique, see  Bath—6. Marie, Bath, water — b.
MSdicinal, Bath, medicated — 6. de Mer, Bath,
sea — b. de Pied, Bath,  foot, Pediluvium — b. it
Sable, Bath, sand — b. de S'tSge, Bath, hip —6.
Simple, see Bath — b.  TempSre, Bath, tepid, B.
Temperate — 6. de  TSte, Bath, head — 6. Tilde,
Bath,  tepid — b.  Trls froid, Bath, cold — b. dt
 Vapettr, Bath, vapour.
   BAINE, Bath.
   BAINS, MINERAL WATERS OF.  These
are  situated at Plombieres, department of the
Vosges.  They are said to be saline and thermal
 by some;  others deny them any  medical pro-
perties.
   BAIRN, Infans.
   BAIRNWORTS, Bellis.
   BALAMPULLI,  Tamarindus.
   BALANCE, AEROSTATIC, Areometer.
   BAL'ANCEMENT,  Compensa'Hon, from (F.)
 balance, 'a  balance,' itself from bis, 'twice,'and
 lanx, 'a dish.'  A law  of teratogepy, as main-
 tained by Geoffroy St  Hilaire, by  which exube-
 rance  of nutrition in one organ is supposed to
 involve, to a  greater or less extent, the total or
 partial atrophy of some other, and conversely.
   BALANDA, Facrus Sylvatica.
   BALANEUM. Bath.
   BALANISMUS,  Suppository.
   B ALAN ITE CONTAGIEUSE, see Goner-
 rhoea.
   BALANITIS, Gonorrhoea spuria
   BALANOBLENNORRHCEA, Gonorrhea
 spuria.
   BALANOCASTANUM,  Bunium Bulbooaati,
I num.
I   BALANORRHAGIA, see Gonorrhoea. . 
BALAN0RRHQ3A           113                BALSAM
  BALAN0RRH03A, Gonorrhoea spuria,       I
  BALAXOS  PHO3NIC0S, Date.
  BA'LAXUS, fiaXavos, 'glans,' 'an acorn.'  The \
glans penis.  Hence, Balanoblennorrha'a, Blen- J
norrhoea of the glans ; and Balanitis, Inflamma- J
tion  of  the glans.  Suppositories and  pessaries '!
were called Balani.                          I
  Balanus, Glans, Suppository—b.  Myrepsica,
Guilandina moringa.                          I
  BALARUC, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Ba- !
laruc is a town  in the  department of He>ault, I
in France.   The waters  arc saline and thermal.
They contain  carbonic acid, carbonate of lime,
carbonate of magnesia, chlorides of sodium, cal-
cium, and  magnesium, sulphate of lime, and a j
little iron.   They  are considered tonic, and are \
largely  used.  Their temperature is about 118° '
Fahrenheit.
  Balaruc Water, Factitious, (F.) Eau  de
Balaruc; Aqua  Bellilnca'na is made of simple
acidulous water (containing twice  its bulk of car-
bonic acid) f^xxss; chloride of eodium, £\ss;
chloride of calcium, gr. xviij ; chloride of mag-
nesium,  gr. lvi; carbonate of magnesia, gr. j.
  BALATRO, Bambalio.
  BALAUSTINE  FLOWERS, see Punica gra-
natum.
  BALBIS, /3aX/?ty, 'a foundation.'  Any oblong
cavity.—Galen.  Hippocrates, in  his treatise  on
the joints,  gives the' name Balbito' dea to the ole-
cranon  cavity  of the humerus.
  BALBUS, (F.) Begtte.  One habitually affected
with stammering.   A stammerer.
  BALBUTIEMENT, Bulbuties.
  BALBU'TIES,  Paellis'mua,  Psel'lotea, Bla'-
sitas, Baryglos'aia, Dyslu'lia, Jlogilu'lia, Ischo-
pho'nia,  Battaris'mus,  Bainba'lia,  Hasita'tio,
Loque'la bla'sa, Tituba'tio  Lingua,  (¥.) Balbti-
tiement, BSgaiement,  BSgayement,  Stuttering,
Stammering,  Hammering,  (Prov.) Tntt'ering,
St. Vittts's  Dance of the Voice, (Sc.) Hab'bering,
Hobbling.  Also, vicious and incomplete pronun-
ciation, in  which almost all the consonants are
replaced bv the letters B and L; Trattlis'mus.
  BALCHUS, Bdellium.
  BALD, Athrix.
  BALDMONEY, iEthusa meum.
  BALDXESS, Alopecia,  Calvities—b. Limited,
Porrigo decalvans—b. Partial, Porrigo decalvans.
  BALENAS, Leviathan penis.
  BALIMBAGO, Hibiscus populeus.
  BALINEATOR, Bather.
  BALINEUM, Bath.
  BALL, Pila—b.  of the Eye, Pupil.
  BALLISMUS, Chorea.
  BALLISTA, Astragalus.
  BALLOCK-GRASS, Orchis maseula,
  BALLON, Receiver.
  BA LL ONNEMENT, Tympanites.
  BALLO'TA FCE'TIDA, B. vnlga'ris seu nigra,
Mtirru'bium nigrum, Black Horehonnd, Stinking
H,  (¥.) Marrube  noir.  Ord.  Labiatas.  Sex.
Syst. Didynainia Gymnospermia.   This plant is
esteemed  to  be antispasmodic,  resolvent, and
detersive.- (?)
  Ballota Lana'ta,  Leonu'rus  lana'tna,  (F.)
Ballote  cotonneuse.  A  plant which  grows  in
Siberia.  The  whole plant, with the exception of
the root, has been  recommended  in dropsy, and
in rheumatism and gout, as a diuretic.  It is
usually  given  in decoction (^ss to ^j  to f^viij
of water).
  BALLOTE COTONNEUSE, Ballota  lanata.
  BALLOTTEMENT, (F.) Mouvement de Bal-
lottement, Agita'tion, Suecus'sion, Repercus'sion,
means  the motion  impressed on  the  foetus  in
utero, by  alternately pressing  the  uterus  by
moans of the  index finger  of one  hand intro-
duced into the vagina;  the other hand being
applied on the abdomen.   It is one of the  least
equivocal signs of pregnancy.
  BALLS, DEER, Elaphomyccs granulatus.
  BALLSTON SPA.  This village  is situate in
Saratoga  County, New York.  The spring  Sans
Souci belongs to the class of Acidulous Chaly-
beates.   It contains  iodide of sodium.   There is
also a sulphur spring.
  BALM,  Melissa — b.  Apple,  Momordica bal-
satnina—b. Bastard,  Melitis Melissophylk m—b.
of Gilead, Solomon's, see Tinctura ciirdamomi—
b. of Gilead, Poplar, Populus candicans—b.  of
Gilead tree, Dracocephalum Canariense—b. In-
dian, Trillium latifolium—b. Mountain, Monarda
eoccinea—b. Red, Monarda eoceinea—b. Scarlet
rose, Monarda eoccinea—b. Stinking, Hedeuma.
  BALMONY, Chelone glabra,
  BALNEA CCENOSA, Bone des eaux.
  BALNEARIUM, Hypocaustum.
  BALNEARIUS, Bather.
  BALNEATOR, Rather.
  BALNEOG'RAPHY,  Balneograph'ia,  from
(iuXavtiov, 'a bath,'  and yputpn,  'a  description.'
A description of baths.
  BALNEOL'OGY,  Balneolog" ia,  from  paXa-
vtiov, 'a  bath,' and Xoyos, 'a description.'  A
treatise on baths.
  BALNEOTHERAPI'A,fromi3aXaitjov,'a
bath,' and Oepaireia,  'treatment'  Treatment  of
disease by baths.
  BALNEUM, Bath—b. Acidum, Bath, acid —
b. Alkalinum, Bath,  alkaline—b. Animate, Bath,
animal — b. Antipsoricum,  Bath, antipsoric—b.
Anti-syphiliticum, Bath, antisyphilitic—b.  Are-
na?, Bath, sand—b. Gelatinosura, Bath, gelatinous
—b. Maria?, Bath, water—b. Marinum, Bath, sea
—b. Maris, Bath, water—b. Medicatum, Bath,
medicated—b. Sulphuris, Bath, sulphur.
  BALSAM,  Balsamum,  Bal'samus,  Bol'eson,
Beleson,  (¥.) Battme.  This name is given  to
natural vegetable substances, concrete  or liquid,
but  very odorous, bitter, and piquant: composed
of resin, benzoic acid, and sometimes of an es-
sential oil—which allow benzoic acid  to be dis-
engaged by the action of heat; readily dissolved
in volatile oil,  alcohol, and ether;  and, when
treated with  alkalies, afford a soluble benzoate,
and throw down resin.   We know  of only five
balsams—those of Peru, and Tolu, Benzoin,  solid
Styrax or Storax, and liquid Styrax.  (See those
different words.) There are, however, many phar-
maceutical preparations and resinous substances,
possessed of a balsamic smell, to which the name
balsam has been given; hut they differ essentially
in composition and  properties:  hence  the dis-
tinction  of balsams  into natural and artificial.
The natural balsams  include the five before men-
tioned; the artificial the remainder.
  Balsam, Acous'tic, Balsamum Acous'ticum,
(¥.) Battme acoustique.  A  mixture of fixed and
essential  oils,  sulphur, and tinctures of  fetid
gums. Used in cases of atonic deafness, droppel
into the  ear.  The acoustic balaam of  Dr. Hugh
Smith is made by mixing  three drachms of ox-
gall, with one drachm of balaam of Peru.
  Balsam, American, see Myroxylon Peruiferum
—b. Anodyne, Bates's,  Linimentum saponis  et
opii.
  Balsam, Apoplec'tic, BaVsamum Apoplec'ti-
cum, Bal'samus  Apoplec'ticus,  (¥.) Baume Apo-
plectique.  A medicine composed of several bal-
aama properly so called, resins, and volatile  oils.
It is of a stiff consistence, is  worn  in  ivory
boxes about the person, and  is  smelled at  in
headaches, Ac.
  Balsam Apple, Momordica balsamina.
  Balsam op  Aroe'us, BaVsamum Arcoei, Un-
guen'tum Elemi, (F.) Baume d'Arcaus.  A soft
ointment;  sometimes employed  in  wounds, ul- 
BALSAM
111
BALSAM
eers, Ac.  It is made by melting, with a gentle
heat, two parts of mutton suet, one of lard, one
and a half of turpentine, and as much resin.
  Balsam, Calaba, see Fagara octandra.
  Balsam, Canada, sec Pinus  balsamea—b. Ca-
nary,  Dracocephalum  Canariense — b. Capivi,
Copaiba.
  Balsam of Carpa'thia, B. Carpathian, Bal-
aamnm  Carpath'icum, (¥.) Baitine  de  Carpathie.
The resin  of  the  Pinus Cembra, a tree, which
grows  in  Switzerland, Libya,  and the Krapac
mountains in Hungary.
  Balsam, Chaly'bgate, Balsamum  Chalybea'-
t'tm, (¥.) Baume d'acier  ou  d'aigttilles.  A mix-
ture of nitrate of iron, alcthol, and oil, prepared
by dissolving needles in nitric  acid.  It was for-
merly employed  in  friction  in  pains  of  the
joints.
  Balsam, Commander's, Tinctura benzoini com-
posita—b. for  Cuts, Tinctura benzoini composita.
  Balsam, Cor'dial, of Sejner'tus,  Balsamum
Cordia'le Se.nner'ti, (¥.) Baume cordiale de Sen-
nert.   A stimulant medicine,  composed of the
essential oils of  citron, cloves,  and cinnamon, of
musk, and ambergris.  Dose, 6 to  15 drops.
  Balsam op  Fiehabras.  A  celebrated Spanish
vulnerary balsam, mentioned  by Cervantes; the
composition of which was oil, rosemary, salt, and
wine. (?)
  Balsam,  Spir'ituous,  of Fioraventi, Bal-
samum Fioraven'ti spirit no'sum, (¥.) Baume de
Fioraventi spiritnetix.  Different products of the
distillation of resinous  and  balsamic substances,
and of a  number of aromatic  substances, pre-
viously  macerated in  alcohol,  have been thus
called.  The  Spirituous Balsam  of  Fioraventi,
the only one now used in friction, in chronic
rheumatism, is the first product of the distillation
from a sand-bath.  It is entirely alcoholic.  The
 Oily Balsam  of  Fioraventi is  obtained  by  re-
 moving the residue, and distilling it in an iron
 vessel, at  a white heat.  It has the  appearance
 of  a citrine-coloured oil. The Black Balsam of
 Fioraventi is the black oil, obtained when the
 temperature  is  sufficient to carbonize  the sub-
 stances in the cucurbit.
   Balsam op Fir, see Pinus balsamea.
   Balsam  op  Fourcroy or  of Laborde, (F.)
 Baume de Fourcroy  ou de  Laborde.  A kind  of
 liniment composed  of aromatic plants, balsams,
 resins, aloes, turpentine, theriac, and  olive  oil.
 Used in chaps of the skin and nipples.
   Balsam, Friar's, Tinctura  benzoini composita.
   Balsam of Genevieve,  (F.) Baume de Gene-
 vilve.  An ointment composed of wax, turpen-
 tine,  oil, red saunders, and camphor.  Used in
 contused wounds, gangrene, Ac.
    Balsam of Honey (Hill's).  A tincture made
 of tolu, honey (aa ftj) and  epirit  (a gallon).  A
 pectoral, used in coughs.   The committee of the
 New York College of Pharmacy recommend  the
 following  formula—(Gum Benzoin.  J$v, Bals.
  Tolut. Sfjj, Mellia ^viij, Alcohol. Oiij—digest for
 ]0 days and  filter). See Mel.
    Balsam op Horehound  (Ford's).   A tincture
 of horehound, liquorice-root,  camphor,  opium,
 benzoin, dried  squills, oil of  aniseed, and honey.
 It has the same properties as the above.   See
 Marrubium.
    Balsam, Hungarian, see Pinus mughos.
    Balsam, Hypnot'ic, Balsamum Hypnot'icum,
  (B.) Baume Hypnotique. A preparation of which
  opium, hyoscyamus, camphor, and some other
  Bedative substances, form  the basis.  It is used
  externally in friction, to provoke sleep.
    Balsam,  Hyster'ic, Balsamum Hyater'icum,
  (F.) Baume HyatSrique.  A preparation made of
  opium, aloes, asafcetida, castor, distilled oils of
  rae, amber,  Ac.  It is  held to the nose, applied
to the navel, or rubbed on  the  hypogastrium in
hysterical cases.
  Balsam, Indian, see Myroxylon peruiferum.
  Balsam, Iod'uretted, Balsamum iodttra'tim,
(¥.) Baume hydriodute, B. iodttrS, GelSe contra
le qoitre.  A balsam used in the way of friction,
in'goitre, at Lausanne, in   Switzerland.   It  may
be  made as follows—animal yoap, (50; iodide t/
potaaainm, 42; alcohol at  So°,  ilil);  essence of
lemon, 4 parts.   The iodide is  dissolved in the
alcohol, which is  added to  the  soap melted in a
water-bath.  The whole is  then tillered, and put
into bottles.
  Balsam of Leictoure,  of Condom or Vince-
GUERE, Balsamum Lectoren'se.   A strongly sti
mulant and aromatic mixture of camphor, saffron,
musk, and ambergris,, dissolved in essential oils.
The ancients burnt it for the purpose of purifying
the air of a chamber, when infected with a dis-
agreeable odour.
   Balsam  op Life of Hoff'mann, Balanmum
  Vita Hoffman'ni, (¥.) Baume de Vic d'Hoffmann,
A tincture, composed of essential oils and amber-
gris, employed internally  and externally as a
stimulant.  A  mixture of  essential oils without
alcohol constitutes the Saxon Balaam, Balsamum
 apoplee'ticttm, B. aromat'icum,  B. ccphalicnm, B.
 Saxon'icum, B. nervlnnm,  B. Schkp.zeri, B. Sto-
 mach'icum. Employed in  friction as a stimulant
   Balsam op Life, Decoctum  aloes compositum
 —b. of Life, Turlington's,  see  Tinctura benzoini
 composita.
   Balsam  of Locatel'li  or Luoatel'i.i, Bal-
 samum Lucatel'li, (¥.) Baume de Lttcatel.  A sort
 of ointment,  composed of wax, oil, turpentine,
 sherry,  and balsam of Peru, coloured  with red
 saunders.  It  was once administered in  pulmo-
 nary consumption.
   Balsam  of Mecca, see Amyris opobalsamnm
 — b. Mexican, see Myroxylon  Peruiferum—b,
 Natural, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
   Balsam, Green-, of Metz, Balaamnm  Vir'idi
  Meten'aium, B. Vir'ide, (¥.) Baume vert de Met*
 Baume  de Feuillct, Huile vertc, O'leum ox'ych
 cupri vir'ide.  This is composed of several fixed-
 oils, holding,  in solution, subcarbonate of copper,
 sulphate of zinc,  turpentine, aloes, and the es.
 sential oils of cloves and juniper.  It is grees
 and caustic, and is employed to hasten the cica-
  trization of atonic "ulcers.
   Balsam, Nephrit'ic, of Fuller, Balaamnm
  Nejihril'icum Fulleri.  A  liquid medicine,  com-
 posed of  oils, resins, and balsams,  which have
  experienced an  incipient  state of carbonization
  from concentrated sulphuric acid.  It  was given
  in the dose of 15 to 30 drops in certain affections
  of the kidneys.
    Balsam,  Nervous,  Balaamnm  Nervlnnm,
  (F.) Baume nervin ou nerval.   A kind of oint-
  ment,  composed of fatty bodies, volatile oils,
  balsam  of Peru, camphor, Ac.  It is  employed
  in  friction in  cases of sprains  and  rheuuiatio
  pains.
    Balsam, Paralyt'ic,  of Myn-sicht.  A sort
  of liniment or soft mixture of the'essential oils
  of  different aromatic plants,  oils of turpentine
  and amber.—LSmery.
    Balsam of Parei'ra brava, Balaamnm Pa-
  rei'ra brava.  A  soft mixture of balsam,  resin,
  muriate of ammonia, and powder of the root  of
  Pareira brava.   It is given internally, to excite
  the urinary secretion.
    Balsam, Peruvian, see Myroxylon  Peruife-
  rum— b. of Peru, red, see Toluifera balsamum—
  b. of Peru, white, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
    Balsam of Rackasi'ra or of Rakasi'ri.  This
  substance is of a yellowish-brown colour ;  semi-
  transparent;  fragile, when dry, but softening  by
  heat; adhering  to the teeth,  when  chewedf  It 
BALSAMADENDRON       115               BAMBOO
has a smell similar to that of the Balsam of Tolu,
and.is slightly bitter.   It is brought from India
in gourd shells, and has been employed in dis-
eases of the urinary and genital organs, especially
in gonorrhoea.
   Balsam, Riga.   Prepared from the shoots  of
the Scotch Fir, macerated in spirit of wine. In-
ternally, stimulant and diuretic; externally, a
vulnerary.  See Pinus Cembra.
   Balsam op Saturn, Balaamnm Satur'ni.  A
solution of acetate of lead in spirit of turpentine,
concentrated by evaporation ;  to which camphor
has  been added.   This balsam was applied  to
hasten the cicatrization of wounds.
   Balsam op the  Samar'itan, (F.) Baume  du
Samaritain.  A sort  of liniment, prepared  by
boiling together, at a gentle heat, equal parts  of
wine and oil.  It is said to have been the oint-
ment  used by the  Samaritan of  the  Gospel  to
cure a patient covered with ulcers.
   Balsam, Saxon,  Balsam of Life of Hoffmann.
   Balsam of Sulphur, Balsamum Std'phuria,
 (¥.) Baume de Sottfre.   A solution of sulphur in
oil.— B. aulph. aniaa'tum, (¥.) B. de Sottfre anisS.
A solution of sulphur in essential oil of aniseed;
given as a carminative. — B. Sulph. succina'tum,
 (¥.) B. de Sottfre auccinS.  A solution of sulphur
in oil of amber.—B. Sulphuris terebinthina'tnm,
 Common Dutch Drops,  (¥.) B. de Sottfre terSbin-
 thine.  A solution of sulphur in essential  oil  of
turpentine, administered as a diuretic.—The Bal-
aam of Sulphur of Ruland is a solution  of sul-
phur in linseed oil or nut oil.
   Balsam op Sym'pathy, Balsamum  Sympath'-
icum, (¥.) Baume de Sympathie. A balsam, used
in the days  when sympathetic influence was
strongly beljeved  in.   It was  composed of the
raspings of a human skull, blood, and human fat,
 and was  applied to the instrument which had
 inflicted the wound.
   Balsam,  Thibaut's.  A tincture of myrrh,
 aloes, dragon's blood, flowers of St. John's wort,
 and C'hio turpentine.  Internally, diuretic;  exter-
nally, vulnerary.
   Balsam of Tolu, see Toluifera Balsamum.
   Balsam,  Tranquil,  Balsamum  tranquillum
seu  tranquil lane,  (¥.)  B.  tranquille.   A  liquid
medicine  employed, externally, in the  shape  of
friction : it is prepared by macerating and boil-
ing, in olive oil, narcotic and poisonous  plants,—
belladonna,  mandragora, hyoscyamus, Ac.—and
afterwards infusing, in  the  filtered  decoction,
different aromatic  plants.   It was employed  as
an anodyne.
   Balsam, Turkey, Dracocephalum Canariense
—b. Turlington's, see  Tinctura Benzoini  com-
posita.
   Balsam of Tur'pentine, Dutch Drops, Bal-
samum Terebin'thina.   Obtained  by  distilling
oil of turpentine in a  glass  retort, until  a red
balsam is left.  It possesses the properties  of the
turpentines.
   Balsam, Vervain's,  Tinctura Benzoini com-
posita.
   Balsam, Vul'nerary, of Mindere'rus, Bal-
samum vulnera'rium Mindere'ri, (¥.)  B. vulnS-
raire de Minderer.  A kind  of liniment, com-
posed of turpentine, resin elemi, oil of St. John's
wort, and wax.  Employed in friction, and as a
dressing to wounds.
   Balsam Weed, Impatiens fulva.
   Balsam Wound, Tinctura Benzoini composita.
   BALSAMADENDRON   GILEADENSE,
Amyris Gileadensis—b. Myrrha, see  Myrrha.
  BALSAMARIA  INOPHYLLUM, see Fagara
octandra.
  BALSAMEL.EON, Myroxylon Peruiferum.
  BALSAM'IC,  Balsam'icna,  (¥.) Balsamique,
from fiaXaauov, 'balsam.'  Possessing the quali-
 ties  of balsams.  Balsamic  odour:—a sweet,
 faint,  and slightly  nauseous smell.  Balsamie
 substance:—one resembling the balsams in pro-
 perty.
    BALSAMIER ELEMIFERE, Amyris elemi,
 fera—b. de la Mecqtte, Amyris opobalsamum.
    BALSAMINA, Momordica balsamina.
    BALSAMINE, Momordica balsamina.
    BALSAMIQUE, Balsamic.
    BALSAMITA FffiMINEA, Achillea ageratum
 —b. Major, Tanaeetum balsamita—b. Mas, Ta-
 nacetum balsamita.
    Balsami'ta  Suav'eolens, B. odora'ta  sen
 maris, Mentha  Saracen'ica seu Roma'na.   Ord,
 Compositae.  Sex.  Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia
 superflua.  A  plant, common  in  the south  of
 France, and cultivated in the gardens;  where it
 bears the names of Menthe coqotx romahic, Grand
 baume, Baume coq ou Costus des Jardins.  Its
 smell is strong and aromatic, and taste hot.  It
 is used for the same purposes as tansey, i. e. as a
 stimulant,  vermifuge, Ac.
    Balsamita  Suaveolens,  Tanaeetum  balsa-
 mita—b. Vulgaris, Tanaeetum balsamita.
    BALSAMO-SACCHARUM, Elajo-Saccharum.
    BALSAMUM,  see  Balsam, Amyris opobalsa-
 mum—b. iEgyptiacum, see Amyris opobalsamum
 — b.  Album,  see Myroxylon  Peruiferum — b.
 Alpini, Dracocephalum Canariense  — b. Alpini,
 see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Anodynuin, Lini-
 mentum saponis et opii—b. Apoplecticum, Balsam
 of life of  Hoffmann—b. Aromaticum, Balsam of
 life of Hoffmann—b. Asiaticum, see  Amyris opo-
 balsamum— b. Braziliense, Copaiba—b. Calaba,
 see Fagara octandra — b. Canadense, see  Pinus
 balsamea—b. Catholicum, Tinctura benzoini com-
  posita—b. Cephalicum, Balsam of  life of Hoff-
 mann—b. Copaibas, Copaiba—b. Genuinum anti-
 quorum, see Amyris  opobalsamum — b. Hyperici
 simplex, see Hypericum perforatum—b.  Iodure-
 turn, Balsam, ioduretted—b. Judaieum, see  Amy-
 ris opobalsamum—b. Libani, see Tinus cembra—
 b. Maria?, see Fagara octandra—b.  e Mecca, see
 Amyris opobalsamum — b. Mercuriale, Unguen-
 tum hydrargyri nitratis —b. Nervinum,  Balsam
 of life of Hoffmann—b. Nucista?, see Myristica—
 b. Opodeldoc, Linimentum saponis eaniphoratuni
 b. Ophthalmicum rubrum, Unguentum   hydrar-
 gyri nitrico-oxydi—b. Persicum, Tinctura benzo-
 ini composita — b. Peruvianum, see Myroxylon
 Peruiferum—b. Saturninum, Unguentum plumbi
 superacetatis— b.  Scherzeri,  Balsam of life of
 Hoffmann — b. Stomachicum, Balsam of life of
 Hoffmann—b.  Styracis, Styrax—b. Styracis ben-
 zoini, Benjamin —b. Succini,  see Succinum__b.
 Sulphuris Barbadense, Petroleum sulphuratum—
 b. Sulphuris  simplex, Oleum  sulphuratum — b.
 Syriacum, see  Amyris opobalsamum—b.  Toluta-
 tanum, see Toluifera balsamum—b. Tranquillans
 seu Tranquillum, Balsam, tranquil— b. Trauma-
 ticum, Tinctura benzoini composita—b. Univer-
 sale, Unguentum plumbi superacetatis—b. Viride
 Balsam, green,  of Metz; see Fagara octandra. '
   BALSAM US, Balsam.—b.  Palustris, Mentha
 aquatica.
   BALSEM, Amyris opobalsamum.
   BAMBA, Bamboo.
   BAMBALIA, Balbuties.
   BAMBA'LIO, Bam'balo, Bala'tro, from faH.
 paiua, 'I speak inarticulately.'  One who stam-
 mers or lisps, or utters inarticulate sounds.  Ac-
 cording to Krause, one who speaks  as if he had
 pap in his mouth, or as if his tongue were  para-
 lyzed.
   BAMBOO, (F.)  Bambou, Bambu.  Fam. Gra-
 mmeae.  Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia.  The
I young shoots of Bamboa arundina'cea, Arun'do
j bambos, Bambu'ea arundina'cea, and of Bambos
 verticilla'ta, contain a saccharine pith, of width 
BAMBOS ARUNDINACEA     116              BANDEAU
the people  of  both  the Indies are very  fond.
They are sometimes made into a pickle.
  BAMBOS  ARUNDINACEA,  Bamboo—h.
Verticillata, Bamboo.
  BAMBUSA  ARUNDINACEA, Bamboo.
  BAMIX  MOSCHATA, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
  BAMMA, from (Sanrw, 'I plunge,' 'a paint; a
dye.' Anciently, liquids were so called, in which
certain bodies were plunged, to moisten or soften
them.  In the case of tea. for instance, into which
bread is dipped, the tea would be the bamma.
  BANANA, Musa sapientum.
  BANANIER, Musa  sapientum.
  BANAUSIA, Charlatanry.
  BANC D'HIPPOCRATE, Bathron.
  BANCAL, (¥.) One who has deformed legs.
It, includes the valgus,  compernia, and vartta,

  BANCROCHE,  (F.) A vulgar epithet  for a
rickety individual.
  BAND, PRIMITIVE, see Nerve Fibre.
  BAN'DAGE,  Deama, Syndea'mus,  Hypodea'-
mia,  Hypodeama, Hypodea'mus, (the last  three
signify properly an  under bandage.)  A binder,
from Sax.  bindan, ' to bind.'  This word, with
the French, is  generally used to express  the me-
thodical  application of rollers, compresses, Ac,
lian'daging, Syn'deaia,  to fix  an  apparatus upon
any  part,—corresponding to the words  deliga'tio,
faacia'tiOffaacia'rttm applica'tio, epid'eaia.  With
us the  noun is usually applied to the result  of the
application, or to the bandage itself;—a  sense in
which the French employ tbe word Bande.  Ban-
dages are eimple or compound.  The simple ban-
dage is equal, if the turns  are applied circularly
above each  other; unequal, if the turns  are  not
accurately applied upon each other.  If each turn
of the bandage be  only covered one-third, it
forms the doloire of  the  French; if  the  edges
touch only  slightly,  it is the moussS; if the turns
are very oblique and  separated, it is the epiral
or creeping, (¥.) rampant; if folded upon each
other,  it is termed the reveraed, (¥.) renveraS.
By uniting  various kinds of bandaging, we have
the  compound;  and these compound  bandages
have received various names expressive  of their
figure, or of the parts to which they are  applied,
as capiatrttm, spica, Ac.  Bandages  are  divided,
also, as regards their uses, into uniting, dividing,
retaining, expelling,  compressing, &c.
  Bandage or Roller, Fas'cia, Ta'nia, Epides'-
mos, Vin'culum, the Bande of the French.  It may
be made  of linen, flannel, or other stuff  capable
of offering  a certain resistance.  The two extre-
mities  of a bandage are called tails, (F.) chefs,
and  the rolled  part is termed its head, (¥.)  globe.
If rolled  at both extremities, it is called & double-
headed roller  or bandage, (¥.)  Bande  d deux
globea.
  BANDAGE A  BANDELETTES  SEPA-
REES, Bandage of separate strips.
  Bandage, Body, Mantlle,  (¥.) Bandage  de
Corpa, is used for fixing dressings, Ac, to  the
trunk.  It is formed of a towel, napkin, or some
large compress, folded three  or four times;  the
extremities of  which are fastened by pins.  This
is again fixed by means of the acapulary bandage,
which  is nothing  more than an  ordinary ban-
dage, stitched to the  anterior and  middle part
of the napkin,  passing over the clavicles and
behind the  head, to  be attached to the  back part
of the napkin.
  Bandage, Compound, see Bandage.
  Bandage. Compressing, or Roller, Faacia
tompressl va seu convolu'ta, (F.)  Bandage com-
preasive  on rouli, is the simple roller with one
head; and is employed in cases of ulcers,  varices,
Ac, of the limbs. Whenever this roller is applied
to the lower part of the limbs, it is curried up-
wards by the doloire and reveraed methods above
described.
  Bandage,  Compressive, see  Bandage,  com-
pressing—6. de Corpa, see Bandage—b. Dividing,
see Bandage — b. Diviaif, Dividing bandage—j.
ddix-huit Chefa, Bandage, eighteen-tailed—b. en
Doloire, Doloire — b. Double-headed, see Band-
age.
  Bandage, Eighteen-tailed,  Faa'cia  octod'.
ecim capit'ibiis, (F.) Bandage d dix-htiit chefs.
This bandage is made of a longitudinal portion
of a common roller; and with a sufficient num-
ber of transverse pieces or tails, to cover as much
of the part as is  requisite.  It is  a very useful
bandage, inasmuch as it can be undone without
disturbing the part.
  Bandage, Expelling, see Bandage.
  Bandage, Galen's, B. for the Poor, Faa'cia
Gale'ni seu Pau'perttm, (¥.) Bandage de Galitn
ou des Pauvrea, Ga'lea, is a kind of cnctillua  or
hood, (F.)  Couvrechef divided into three parts
on each side;  of which Galen has given  a de-
scription.  See Cancer Galeni.
  Bandage of Genga, Bandage of Theden—b.
Hernial,  see Truss — b. Immovable, Apparatus,
immovable.
  Bandage, In'guinal, Faa'cia ingvina'lis.  A
bandage  for keeping  dressings  applied to the
groin.  It  consists of a cincture, to which is at-
tached a triangular compress^ adapted  for cover-
ing the groin.  To the lower  extremity of this,
one or two bandages  are attached, which  pass
under  the  thigh, and are fixed to the posterior
part of the  cincture.  This bandage may be either
simple or double.                •
  Other bandages will be found  described under
their various names.
  BANDAGE DES PAUVRES,  Bandage,
Galen's—b. Permanent, Apparatus, immovable—
b. of the  Poor, see Bandage, Galen's, and Cancer
Galeni—b.  Rampant, see Bandage—b. Renversi,
see Bandage—6. Rouli, see  Bandage—b. of Scul-
tetus, Bandage of separate strips.
  Bandage of separate Strips, or B. of Sera-
te'tus, Fas'cia fasclolis  separa'tim dispos'iti*
seu Sculte'ti, (F.) Bandage  d bandelettes'siparlet
ou de Scultet.  This is formed  of  linen strips,
each capable of surrounding once and a half the
part to which they have to be applied, and placed
upon each other, so as  to cover successively one-
third of their width.   It is  used  chiefly for frac-
tures, requiring frequent dressing.
  Bandage, Simple, see Bandage.
  Bandage of Theden, B. of Genga.  A band-
age  employed, at  times, in brachial  aneurism,
which commences at the fingers,  and extends  to
the axilla.
  Bandage, Under,  Hypodesmis—b. Unequal,
see  Bandage—b. Uniasant, Uniting bandage—b.
Uniting, see bandage, and Uniting bandage.
  BANDAGING, see Bandage—b. Doctrine of,
Desmaturgia.
  BAN'DAGIST, (F.) Bandagiste.  One whose
business  it is  to make bandages, and especially
those for hernia.
  BANDE,  Bandage.  The word Bande,  in
anatomy, is used by the French for various nar-
row, flat, and elongated expansions.
  BANDE  A DEUX GLOBES, see Bandage.
  BANDE D'HJSLIODORE, a kind of bandage
for supporting tbe mammae.
  BANDEAU, (F.)  A kind of simple bandage,
which consists of a piece of cloth, folded four
times, and  applied round  the  head.   There il
also  the  Bandeau  ou  Mouchoir en triangle  or 
BANDELETTE           117          BARII  CHLORIDUM
triangular bandage, a kind of couvreohef, made
of a square piece of cloth, or of a handkerchief,
folded diagonally, and applied round the head.
  BANDELETTE, (¥.)  Diminutive  of Bande
Fuaciola,  Tceniola,  Vitta;  a narrow bandage,
strip, or fillet.   Also Taenia semicircularis.
  BANDELETTES AGGLUTINAT1VES.
Small strips, covered with a glutinous plaster.
 Vitta agglutinan'tea.   See Agglutinant
  BANDELETTES  DECOUPES,   are  strips
of linen, notched on one  ed;je,  and covered, on
one side, with  ointment.  They are  applied to
wounds to prevent the lint from sticking, and the
laceration of the cicatrix.
   BANDELETTE  SEMICIRCULATRE, Tae-
nia semicircularis—6. des Cornea d'amnion, Corpus
fimbriatum—6. dea Eminencea pyriformea, Taenia
semicircularis—6. de VHippocampe, Corpora fim-
briata.
   BANDURA, Nepentha destillatoria.
   BANDY-LEGGED, Cnemoscoliosis.
   BANEBERRY; Acta?a spicata.
   BANGUE, Bhang, Bang, Bangi or  Beng, Sed-
 hee, Subjee.  Adanson believes this to  be the Ne-
 penthea of the ancients.   The largest  leaves and
 capsules without the stalks of Can'nobis In'dica,
 (F.) Chanvre Iudien, Indian hemp, probably iden-
 tical with C. sativa.  Family, Urticea?. Sex. Syst.
 Dieecia Pentandria.   The leaves  and  flowers of
 Cannabis are narcotic and astringent   They are
 chewed  and smoked.   The  seeds, mixed with
 opium, areca, and sugar, produce a kind of intoxi-
 cation, and are used for this purpose by  the peo-
 ple of India.  An  alcoholic extract of  the plant,
 Churrua—Extrac'tttm Can'nobis (Ph. U.  S.)—has
 been used in India, and since then  in Europe and
 in this countr^, as a narcotic and anti-convulsive,
 in the dose of  from half a grain to ten or more.
 It requires, however, great caution  in its  adminis-
 stration. . The pure resin— Canuabine,  Haschis-
 chine — is active  in  the dose of two-thirds of a
 grain.
    The dried plant, which has flowered, and from
 which the resin has not been removed,  called
 Gunjah, Ganjah, Gttaza, and Guazah,  Haschisch,
 Hasehich, Hachisch, Hashish, or  Chasehisch,  of
 the Arabs, consists of the tops  and tender parts
 only of the plant,  collected immediately  after in-
 florescence, and simply dried.
    BANICA. Pastinaca sativa.
    BANILAS, Vanilla.
    BANILLA, Vanilla.
    BANILLOES, Vanilla.
    BANISTE'RIA ANGULO'SA.  This  plant,
 in Brazil and the Antilles, passes  for  a  powerful
 sudorific, and  an  antidote to the  poison of ser-
 pents.
    BANKSIA  ABYSSINICA,  Hagenia Abyssi-
 nica—b. Speciosa, Costtis.
    BANNIERES,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 Bannieres is a village in Quercy,  diocess of Ca-
 hors,  France.  The  waters are probably  chaly-
 beate.   They are  celebrated  in amenorrhoea, ca-
 chexia, jaundice, Ac.
    BA'OBAB,  Adanao'nia digita'ta,  of Africa.
 Nat. Ord. Bombaceae.  One  of the largest pro-
 ductions of the vegetable kingdom.   Its fruit  is
 called, in the country, Pain de ainge.   The pulp
 is sourish, and agre~.ible to eat; and a refreshing
 drink is made from it, which is used in fevers.
 Prospero Alpini and Dr. L. Frank  think that the
 Terra Lemnia was prepared, in Egypt, from the
 pulp.   All the parts of the Baobab  abound in
 mucilage.   The bark has been given as a substi-
 tute for cinchona.
   BAPTISIA LEUCANTHA, see Sophora tinc-
 toria—b. Tinctorin, Sophora tinctoria.
   BAPTISTERIUM, Baignoire.
  BAPT0RRH03A, see Gonorrhoea.
  BARAQUETTE (¥.).  A name given by Ra-
sous, physician at Nismes, in France, to a catar-
rhal epidemy, which occurred there in 1761.  See
Influenza.
  BARATHRON, Juniperus sabina.
  BARATHRUM, Antrum.
  BARBA, Beard—rb. Aaronis, Arum maculatum
—b. Caprse, Spiraea ulmaria—b. Hirci, Tragopo-
gon—b. Jovis, Sempervivum tectorum.
  BARBADOES, see West  Indies —b. Leg, see
Elephantiasis.
  BARBAREA, Erysimum  barbarca—b. Stricta,
Erysimum barbarea.
  BARBAROS'SJB  PIL'UL-S!,  Barbaros'sa's
Pills.  An  ancient composition of  quicksilver,
rhubarb, diagridium, musk,  Ac.   It was*the first
internal mercurial medicine which obtained any
real credit.
  BARBE, Beard—6. de Bouc,  Tragopogon.
  BARBEAU, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus sege-
tum.
  BARBER-CIIIRUR'GEONS.  A Corporation
of London,  instituted by King Edward IV.  The
barbers were separated from the surgeons, by 18
Geo. II., c  15; and the latter were erected into a
Royal  College of Surgtons at the commencement
of the present century.
  BARBERS, ARMY, see Bathers.
  BARBERIE, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
These  mineral  waters are  half a league from
Nantes.  They  contain carbonic acid, chlorides
of magnesium and sodium, sulphate of magnesia,
carbonates  of magnesia, lime, and iron. They are
used as chalybeates.
  BARBERRY, Oxycantha Galeni—b. Ameri-
can, see Oxycantha Galeni.
  BARBIERS.   A variety of paralysis chiefly
prevalent in India; and by many considered  to
be the  same as Beriberi.  Beriberi  is commonly
an acute disease.  Barbiers is generally chronic.
  BARBITIUM, Beard.
  BAR-BONE, Pubis, os.
  BARBOTINE, Artemisia Santonica.
  BARBULA CAPRINA, Spira?a ulmaria.
  BARCLAY'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pilula
antibiliosa?.
  BARDADIA, Pound.
  BARD AN A,  Arctium lappa*—b. Minor, Xan-
thium.
  BARDANE PETITE, Xanthiura.
  BAREGES,  MINERAL   WATERS  OF.
Bar6ges is  a village in the department of Hautes
Pyrf?n6es, near which are several springs.  They
are sulphureous and thermal, the  heat  varying
from 85° to 112° Fahrenheit. They contain chlo-
rides of magnesium and sodium, sulphates of mag-
nesia and  lime, carbonate of lime, sulphur, Ac.
These  springs have long enjoyed a high reputa-
tion,  and  are daily  advised in cutaneous and
scrofulous affections,  Ac.  A nitrogenized matter
was first found in these waters, and afterwards in
other sulphureous springs, to which Longchamp
gave the name BarSgine.
  Factitious  Bareges Water, Aqua  Baregi-
nen'sis  seu Baretginen'ais, (F.) Eau de Bareges,
is made by adding hydrosttlphuretted icater, f^iv,
to pure water, f 2| xvijss, carbonate of soda, gr. xvj,
chloride of sodium, gr. ss.  Bottle closely.
  BAREGINE, see Bareges.
  BARGADA,  Convolvulus pes caprae.
  BARGOU. An alimentary preparation formed
of ground oats, boiled to a proper consistence with

  BARIGLIA, Soda.
  BARII  CHLORIDUM, Baryta, muriate of—
b. lodidum, Baryta, hydriodate of. 
BARILLA.              118                BARYTA
  BARILLA, Soda—b. Alicant, Soda —b. Car-
thagena, Soda—b. Turkey, Soda.
  BARILLOR, Soda.
  BA'RIUM,  Ba'ryum, Baryt'inm, Pluto'nittm,
from (iapvs,  'heavy.'   The metallic base of ba-
ryta, so called from the great density of its com-
pounds.
  Barium, Chloride of,  Baryta, muriate of—
b. Chlorure de, Baryta, muriate of—b. Iodatum,
and Iodide of, Baryta,  hydriodate of—b. Protox-
ide of, Baryta.
  BARK, .Cinchona—b. Arica, see Cinchona? cor-
difolius cortex—b. Ash, see Cinchona—b. Bitter,
Pinckneya pubens—b.  Bogota, see Cinchona—b.
Calisaya, Cinchona?  cordifoliae cortex — b. Cali-
saya, spurious, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex—
b. Carab\va, see Cinchona? cordifoliae cortex—b.
Caribaean, Cinchonae Caribaea? cortex—b. Cartha-
gena, see Cinchona —  b. Coquetta, see Cinchona
— b. Crown,  Cinchona?  lancifolia?  cortex — b.
Cusco,  see  Cinchona? cordifoliae   cortex — b.
Doom, Sassy-bark—b. E1U, Magnolia glauca—b.
Essential  salt of,  see Cinchona — b. Florida,
Pinckneya pubens—b. Fusagasuga, see  Cinchona
— b. Georgia, Pinckneya pubens — b. Gray, see
Cinchona—b. Huamilies,  see Cinchona—b. Hua-
nuco, see Cinchona—b. Indian, Magnolia glauca
— b. Iron, see  Kino—b.  Jesuit's, Cinchona — b.
Jaen,  see Cinchona—b. Lima, see  Cinchona—b.
Loxa, Cinchona? lancifoliae cortex—b.  Pale, Cin-
chona? lancifolia? cortex—b. Maracaybo, see Cin-
chona—b. Ordeal, Sassy-bark—b. Peruvian, Cin-
chona—b. Pitaya, Cinchonae Caribaea? cortex, see
Cinchona—b. Red, Cinchona? oblongifoliaecortex
—b. Royal, Cinchonae  cordifolia? cortex—b. of St.
Ann, see Cinchonae  cordifolia? cortex — b. Saint
Lucia, Cinchonae Cariba?ae cortex—b. Santa Mar-
tha,  see Cinchona — b.  Sassy,  Sassy-bark — b.
Seven, Hydrangea  arborescens — b. Silver, see
Cinchona—b. Yellow, Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex.
   BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA, Cara schulli.
   BARLEY-BREE, Cerevisia.
   Barley-Corn, Cerevisia.
   Barley, Pearl, see  Hordeum — b. Scotch,
 Hordeum
   Barley-Water, Decoctum hordei.
   BARM, Yest.
   BARN, Infans.
   BARNET, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Barnet
is not far from London.   The water is of a purg-
 ing quality, like  that  of  Epsom, and about half
 the strength.
   BAROMACROM'ETER,   Padobaromacrom'-
 etrr, Padom'cter, from  fiapos, ' weight,'  uatcpos,
 ' long,'  and  prrpov, ' measure.'  An instrument
 invented by  Stein  to Indicate  the  length  and
 weight of a new-born  infant.
   BAROM'ETER,  Baroscop'ium,  Ba'roscope,
 from pupos, 'weight,' and perpov, 'measure.'  (F.)
 Barometre.  An  instrument which measures the
 weight of the air.  A certain degree of  density
 in this  medium  is  necessary for health.   When
 we  ascend high mountains,  great inconvenience
 is experienced, owing to  the diminished density.
 Changes of this character are indicated by the
 Barometer or weather-glass.
   BA'ROS, fiapos, 'heaviness.' Employed by the
 Greek physicians to designate the  feeling of las-
 Bitude and heaviness observable in many diseases.
 —Hippocrates, Galen.
   BAROSCOPE. Barometer.
   BAROSMA CRENATA, Diosma crenata.
   BAROTE,  Baryta.
   BAROTES  SALITUS, Baryta, muriate of.
   BARRAS, see Pinus sylvestris.
   BARRE,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  Barre is
 a small town,  six leagues from Strasburg.   The
 waters are thermal, and contain  much iron, cal-
 careous salt, Ac.  They are  diuretic and tonic.
  B \RRE (¥.), Barrurt, Vara, 'a bar.'  A pro-
jection or prolongation of the symphysis pubis;
—a deformity rendering delivery difficult.
  BARREE (¥.).  A term applied, in Franco, to
a female whose pelvis has the deformity described
under Barre.
  BARRES  (DENTS,),  Barred Teeth.   The
molar teeth, when the roots are spread or tortu-
ous  so that they cannot be extracted without
being broken ; or without a portion of the  alveo-
lar arch being removed.
  BARREL OF  THE EAR, Tympanum.
  BARREN, Sterile.
  BARRENNESS,  Sterilitas.
  BARROS, Terra Portugallica.
  BARRURE, Barre.
  BARTON'S FRACTURE, see Fracture  of the
 Radius, Barton's.
   BARYCOCCALON, Datura stramonium.
   BARYCOITA, Baryecoia.
   BARYECOI'A, Barycolta, Bradyecola, Pa-
 racu'sia  obttt'sa, Disecola, Dystctn'a,  Audi'tui
 difiiv'ilis, A. gravis, A. immiiiii'tus,  Obattdi'tio,
 Obaudltns,  Hypocopho'sis,  Hypochyro'ais, (F.J
 DttretS d'Oreille, DysSeSe, from  (iapvs, 'heavy,1
 and  axon, 'hearing.'   Hardness  of hearing, in-
 complete deafness.  See Cophosis, and Deafness.
   BARYGLOSSIA, Balbuties, Baryphonia.
   BARYI HYDRAS IODATI, Baryta, hydrio-
 date of.
   RARYLALIA.Baryphonia.
   BARYOD'YXE, fromj3apuj, 'heavy,' andoivva,
 'pain.'   A dull,  heavy pain.
   BARYPHO'NIA, Baryglos'si", Baryla'liu, Lo-
 que'la  impedi'ta, from  (iapvs, 'heavy,' and ^un;,
 'voice.'   Difficulty  of voice or speech.
   BARYTICRON,  Artemisia abrotanum.
   BARYSOMATIA, Polysarcia adiposa.
   BARYSOMATICA, Polysarcia adipo^n.
   B A R Y ' T A, from  (iapvs, ' heavy,' /Jc/hjtijj,
 'weight.'  Terra pottdero'ea,  Bary'te*, Protox'-
 ide of Ba'rium, Heavy Earth, Pouderotia  Earth,
 (F.) Baryte, Barote,  Terre pesante.   This earth
 and its soluble salts are all highly corrosive poi-
 sons.  It is never employed in  medicine  in the
 pure state.  When  externally applied, it is caus-
 tic, like  potassa and soda..
   Bary'ta,  Carbonate  of, Baryta  Car'bonat,
 (Ph. U.S.), (F.)  Carbonate de Baryte, Craie baro-
 tiqne, is  only used  officinally  to  obtain the mu-
 riate.
   Baryta, Hydri'odate of, Baryta Hydri'odas,
 Baryta  Hydriod'ica, Hydras Baryi  loda'ti:—
 (in the dry state, Iodide of Barium, Barii Iod'-
 idum, Ba'rium Ioda'tum,) has been given in scro-
 fulous and similar morbid conditions.  It may
 be  administered internally in the dose of one-
 eighth of a grain three or four times a day, and
 be applied externally to scrofulous  swellings, in
 the form of ointment, (gr. iv to  3jj of lard.)
    Baryta Hydriodica, Baryta, hydriodate of.
    Baryta,  Mu'riate or  Hydrochlorate  of,
 Bary'ta  mu'rias, Chlo'ride  of Ba'rium, Ba'rii
  Chlo'ridum (Ph. U. S.), Chlo'ruret  of Ba'rium,
  Terra pondero'sa aallta seu muria'ta, Sal tiitiri-
 at'icttm  barot'icum, Baro'tes  salltus, (¥.) Chlo-
 rure de barium,  is the combination  chiefly used.
 The Muriate of Baryta may be formed as follows:
 Baryt. Carbon,  in  frustulis, ft j; Acid.  Mnrint,
 fgxij; Aqua Oiij.  Mix the acid with the water,
 and gradually add  the Carbonate of Baryta.  To-
 ward the close of the effervescence, apply a gentle
 heat, and, when the action has ceased, filter the
 liquor, and boil  it down so that Crystals mny form
 as it cools.—Ph. U. S.
    It is given in  the form Of the Solu'tio Mnria'ti*
  Baryta, Liquor Barii Chlo'ridi, Pb. U. S Aqua
 baryta  mttria'tie,  (F.)  Solution de Muriate de 
BARYTE                119       BASSIA  BUTYRACEA
Baryte, (Muriate of Baryta, one part; distilled II
water, three parts,) and is employed in scrofulous
cases, worms, and cutaneous diseases.   Exter-
nally, to fungous  ulcers  and to specks  on the
Cornea.
  Baryta, Sulphate of, Baryta sulphas, (F.)
Sulfate de Baryte, is used in pharmacy, like the
carbonate, to obtain the chloride of barium.
  Barytas Carbonas, Baryta, carbonate of—b.
Hydriodas Baryta, hydriodate  of—b. Murias,
Baryta, muriate of—b. sulphas, Baryta, sulphate
of.
  BARYTE, Baryta— b. Carbonate de, Baryta,
carbi.nate of—6. sulfate de, Baryta, sulphate of.
  BARYTHMIA, Melancholy.
  BARYTIUM, Barium.
  BARYUM. Barium.
  BAS-FOND, see Urinary Bladder.
  BAS-LASSE, Stocking, laced.
  BAS- VENTRE, Abdomen.
  BASAAL.  Tbe name  of an  Indian tree, the
 decoction of whose leaves, in water, with ginger,
 is used as a gargle in diseases of the fauces.  The
 kernels of the fruit are vermifuge.
   B AS AX ASTRA'GALA, from jiaaavos, 'torture,'
 and aorpayaXos, ' the astragalus.'  Pain in the ankle
 joint; gout in the foot.
   BASANIS'MOS, from 0aaavt$eiv, 'to explore.'
 'A touch-stone.'  Investigation or examination.
 —Hippocrates, Galen.
   BASE, Basis, from (iatvta, 'I proceed,' ' I rest,'
 'I support myself.' That which serves  as a foun-
 dation or support.  That  which enters, as a prin-
 cipal matter, into a mixture or combination.  In
 anatomy, it is employed in the  former sense,  as
 Base of the Cranium, Base of the Brain — Basis
 seu Paiiinen'tumcere'bri ;  Base of a process, &c,
 Base of the heart—Baaia vel coro'na cordis.  In
 dentistry, it means a metallic, ivory, or hippopo-
 tamus plate, which is used as a support for arti-
 ficial teeth.  In  the art of prescribing, Basis is
 the chief substance which enters into a compound
 formula.
   BASE-BORN, Illegitimate.
   BASEMENT  MEMBRANE, see Membrane,
 casement.
   BASIATIO, Coition.
   BASIATOR, Orbicularis oris.
   BASIL, BUSH, Ocymum caryophyllatum—b.
 Citron, Ocymum  basilicum — b. Common, Ocy-
 mum basilicuin — b. Small, Ocymum caryophyl-
 latum—b.  Wild,  Chenopodium vulgare—b. Wild,
 Cunila mariana —b. Wild,  Pycnanthemum  in-
 canum.
   BASIL AD, see Basilar Aspect
   BAS'ILAR, Baaila'ria, Baa'ilary, (¥.)  Basi-
 laire.  That  which belongs to the base, from
 fiaeis, 'base.'  This name has been given to seve-
 ral parts, which  seem toserve as basis to others.
 The sacrum  and sphenoid have  been so called.
   Basilar Artery, A. baaila'ria seu cervica'lia,
 (F.) Artere ou Tronc baailaire, A.  mSaocSphalique
 (Ch.)  The  union of the two vertebral  arteries.
 It ascends along the middle groove  on the infe-
 rior surface  of the tuber, and is  supported, be-
 neath, by the Foaaa basilaris.   It terminates in
 the posterior cerebral arteries.
   Basilar Aspect.  An  aspect towards  the base
 of the head.—Barclay.  Basilad is used adverb-
 ially by the  same writer  to  signify ' towards the
 basilar aspect.'
   Basilar Fossa, (F.) Gouttilre  ou Fosse basi-
 laire, is the  upper surface of the basilary process,
 —so called because it is channeled like a Foaaa
 or Gutter.  The Tuber annulare rests upon it.
   Basilar  Process, Procea'aua baaila'ria oaaia
 occip'itis  seu cuneifor'mia  oaaia  occip'itis, (F.)
 Apoplu/se  BuaiUtire, Prolongement aoua-occipital,
 Cu'tietform. Process, is the bony projection, formed
by the inferior angle of the os occipitis, which il
articulated with the sphenoid.
  Basilar Sinus, Sinus transversus.
  Basilar Surface, (F.)  Surface {asilaire, is
the inferior surface of the process.  It is covered
by the mucous membrane of the pharynx.
  Basilar Vertebra.   The last vertebra of the
loins.
  BASIL'IC,  Basil icus,  (¥.)  Busiliqtte,  from
(iaoiXticos,  'royal.'   This name was given, by the
ancients, to parts which they conceived to play
an important part in the animal economy.
  Basilic Vein,  Vena basilica seu cu'biti inte'-
rior,  (F.)  Veine Basilique,  Veine cubitale  cttta-
nSe of Chaussier.   This vein  is one of those on
which the operation of bloodletting is performed.
It is situate at the internal part of the fold of the
elbow, in front of the  humeral  artery, and is
formed  by the  anterior  and  posterior cubital
veins, and by the median basilic.   It terminates,
in  the  arm-pit, in the axillary vein.   The an-
cients thought, that the basilic  of the right arm
had some connexion with the  liver,  and hence
they called it hepatic.  The vein of the  left arm,
for a similar reason, they called splenic.   The
Median Basilic Vein, (¥.) Veine mediane basi-
lique, is  one of the branches  of the preceding
vein.  It joins the median cephalic at  an  aeute
angle, or  rather by a transverse branch, and re-
ceives some branches of the deep radial  and cu-
bital veins, and a considerable subcutaneous vein
—the common median.
   BASILIC CO MM UN, Ocymum basilicum—b.
Sauvage,  grand, Chenopodium  vulgare.
   BASIL'ICON,  Basilicum.   'Royal,'  or of
great virtue.  An  ointment, composed of yellow
wax, black pitch, and  rosin, of  each one part,
olive oil,  four parts. Hence it was called Un-
gual t tint  Tetraphar'inacuin, (rcrpa'pappaKa, 'four
drugs.')—Celsus.   Scribonius Lurgus.
   Basilicon, Basilicum, of tbe Parisian Codex,
is the Ongiient de Poix et de Cire.   In most Phar-
macopoeias, it is represented by the Ungiten'tum
or Cera'tum Reslna.  It is used as a stimulating
ointment  See Ceratum  Resinae, and  Unguen-
tum Resina? Nigra?.
   BASILICUM,  Basilicon, Ocymum Basilicum
— b. Citratum, Ocymum  basilicum — b. Majus,
Ocymum  basilicum.
   BASILIQUE, Basilic.
   BASILISCUS, Syphilis.
   BASIO-CERATO-CHONDRO-GLOSSUS,
 Hyoglossus.
   BASIO-CER'ATO-GLOSSUS, from  (iaais,
 'base,'  Ktpas, 'cornu,' and yXu aa, 'tongue.'  A
 name given to a part of the hyoglossus, which is
 inserted into the cornu of the os hyoides and base
 of the tongue.
   BASIOCES'TRUM,  from fiaois, 'the  base,'
 and tceorpa, 'a dart'  An instrument for opening
 the head  of the foetus in utero, invented by Mes-
 ler, a German.
   BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS, Hypseloglos'stts, Hyoba-
 sioglossus, Ypseloglos'sus, from (iaais, 'base,' and
 yXwaaa, ' the tongue.'  A name formerly given to
 the portion of the hyoglossus  which is  inserted
 into the base of the os hyoides.—Riolan, Thomas
 Bartholine.  "See Lingual Muscle.
   BASIO PHARYNG^'US, from (iaots, 'base,'
 and  tpapvyi-, 'the  pharynx.'   A name  given to
 some fibres of the constrictor pharyngis medius.
 —Winslow.
   BASIS, see  Prescription—b. Cerebri, Base of
 the Brain—b. Cordis, Radix cordis—b.  Corporis,
 Sole.
   BASSI-COL'ICA. Name of a medicine  com-
 posed  of aromatics  and  honey. — Scribonius
 Largus.
   BASSIA BUTYRACEA, see Spirit, (Arrack.) 
BASSIX                120                  BATH
   BASSIN, Pelvis—6. Octtlaire, Scaphium ocu-
 lare.
   BASSINER, Fove're, to foment.
   BASSINET, Pelvis of the kidney, Rannnculus
 bulbosus.
   BAS'SORA, GUM.   A  gum, obtained from a
 plant unknown, which  came originally from the
 neighbourhood  of Bassora, on the Gulf of Per-
 sia, whence its name.  It is in irregularly shaped
 pieces, white or yellow, and intermediate  in its
 transparency between  gum Arabic and gum tra-
 gacanth.  Only  a 'small  portion is soluble in
 water.  The insoluble portion is a peculiar prin-
 ciple, called Baasorin.  It is  not used  in  medi-
 cine ; but bassorin enters into the composition of
 several  substances.
   BASSORIN, see Bassora gum.
   BASS WOOD, Tilia  Americana.
   BASTARD, Illegitimate.
   BATA, .Musa Paradisiaca.
   BATATA  DE  PURGA.  The Brasilian and
 commercial name of the purgative, feculent, and
 gum-resinous roots  of two plants of the family
 Convolvulacea?, the  one called Jeticucti, Mechoa-
 can, Conrol'mihut mechoacatt'na, the Piptoate'gia
 Piso'nis of Von Martius';  the other Convolvtilua
 vpercula'tua, the ipotna'a  seu Piptoate'gia  oper-
 cula'ta of Von Martius.
   BATA'TAS.   The  inhabitants of Peru  gave
 this appellation  to  several tuberous roots, espe-
 cially to  Coitvolvulua  Batatas or Sweet. Potato.
 Our word, Potato, comes from this. See Solanum
 tuberosum.
   BATEMAN'S PECTORAL DROPS, see Pec-
 toral Drops, Bateman's.
   EATERIQN, Bathron.
   BATES'S  ALUM .WATER, Liquor aluminis
 compositus — b. Anodyne Balsam,  Liniinentum
 saponis et opii — b. Camphorated Water, Lotion,
 camphorated, of Bates—b. Collyrium, see Lotion,
 camphorated, of Bates.
   BATH, Anglo-Saxon  baS,  Balneum,  Bala-
 ne'itm,  Baline'ttm,  Loutron, (Old Eng.) Bainc,
 (F.) Bain.  Immersion, or stay, for a longer or
 shorter duration, of the whole  or a part  of the
 body, in some medium, as water. Act of plung-
 ing  into a liquid,  sand, or  other substance, in
 which it  is the custom to bathe, Plunge  Bath.
 Also, the vessel in  which the  water is put  for
 bathing.  Also, a public or private establishment
 for bathing.  The common water-bath, used  for
 hygienic as well as  for therapeutical purposes, is
 the Bain simple ou hygiSniqtte of the French.
   In Pharmacy, a vessel, placed over a fire, and
 filled with any substance, into  which another
 vessel is placed, containing matters for digestion,
 evaporation, or distillation.
   Bath, Acid, Balneum ac"idttm (Acid, mttrint.
 Ibij ; Aqua  cong. lxvi.  One half, one third, or \
 one fourth the quantity of acid is more frequently
 employed.)
   Bath, Acid, Scott's, see Scott's Acid Bath —
 b. Air,  hot,  see Bath, hot — b. Air,  warm, see
 Bath, hot.
   Bath, Al'kaline, Balneum alkali num.   This
 may be made of half a pound or a pound of pea rl-
 aah  or of  carbonate  of soda, to  sixty-six gallons
 of water.
   Bath, An'imal, Balneum anima'le, consists in
'wrapping an animal recently killed, or its skin,
 around the body, or sorril part of it.
   Bath,  Antipsor'ic, Balneum antipso'ricttm.
 Recommended  in  cases of itch  and other  cuta-
 neous diseases.  (Potass,  sulphuret. ^iv,  Aqua
 cong. lx.)
   Bath, Antisyphilit'ic, Balneum antieyphilil-
 icum, Mercu'rial bath.  Made by dissolving from
 two drachms to an ounce of the corrosive chloride
 »>f mercury in sixty gallons of water.            I
   Bath, Arm, Brachilu'vium. A bath for the arm.
   Bath, Cold, see Bath, hot—b. Cool, see Bath,
 hot.
   Bath, Dry, is one made of ashes, snlt, sand,
 Ac.  The ancients used these frequently for the-
 rapeutical purposes.
   Bath, Earth, Arenatio.
   Bath, Elec'tric, (F.) Bain (lectrique, consists
 in  placing the  person upon an  insulated stool,
 communicating,  by a  metallic  wire,  with  the
 principal conductor of the electrical machine in
 action.  The  Electric Bath produces general ex-
 citement of all  the functions, and ebpecially of
 the circulation and secretions.
 '  Bath, Foot,  Pedilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Pied,
 a bath for the feet.
   Bath,  Gelat'inous,  Balneum  gelatino'eum.
 Made by dissolving two pounds of gelatin or glue
 in a gallon of water.  A gelatino-aulphiirotta bath
 may  be made by adding a pound of glue, previ-
 ously dissolved  in water, to the sulphur bath.
   Bath,  General, (F.) Bain Entier, is one in
 which the  whole  body  is  plunged,  except  the
 head; in contradistinction to the  partial bath,
 Merobalane'um,  Merobaluettm.
   Bath,  Half, Semicu'pium, Excathia'ma,  In-
 cea'aio, Incea'aua, is one adapted for half the body,
 One, for receiving only the hips or extremities, is
 also so called.
   The Sitz-bath, (G.) Sitzbad,  of tbe hydropa-
 thists is a tub of cold wnter, in which the patient
 sits for a variable period.
   Bath, Hand, Manuhlvium, (¥.) Bain de Main
 ou Manuluve, is  a bath for the hands.
   Bath, Head,  Capitilu'vium, (¥.) Bain de Tttt
 ou Capitiluve, a bath for the head.
   Bath,  Hip, Coxalu'vium, (¥.) Bain de Fau-
 tettil,  Bain  de SiSge, is one in which the lower
 part of the trunk and upper part  of the thighs
 are immersed.
   Bath,  Hot,  Balneum Calidum,  Zestolu'sia,
 (¥.)  Bain chattd, is a bath, the temperature of.
 which is  98° and upwards; the Warm Bath
 from  92° to  98°; the  Tepid Bath,  (F.) Bain
 Tilde, Balneum  tep'idum.  from  85° to 92°;  the
 Temperate  Bath, (F.)  Bain tempSrS, from  75°
 to 85°; the Cool Bath, (F.) Bain frais, from
 60° to 75°;  the Cold Bath, Balneum frig'idnm,
 Frigida'rittm, (¥.) Bain froid, Bain trSs froid,
 (of some,) from 30° to  60°;  and the Vapour
 Bath, Balneum vapo'ris, (F.) Bain  de Vapeur,
 Etttve Humide, from 100° to 130°, and upwards.
 See Vaporarium.  A Warm Air Bath, or Hot
I Air  Bath, consists of  air the  temperature  of
 which is raised.
   Bath, Med'icated, Balneum Medica'tum, (F.)
 Bain  mSdicinal, is a bath, formed  of decoctions
 or infusions of  vegetable substances,  or of any
 ingredient, introduced into the water for thera-
 peutical purposes.
   Bath,  Mercurial, Bath, antisyphilitio — b.
 Nitro-muriatic acid, Scott's acid bath—b. Plunge,
 see Bath.
   Bath,  Sand,  Balneum Are'na,  (F.) Bain dt
 Sable, consists of a vessel filled with sand, and
 placed over the  fire.  Into this vessel, the one is
 put which contains the substance to be evapo-
 rated.  See Psammismus.
   Bath,  Sea, Balneum  marlnum, (F.)  Bain dt
 mer.   A sea-water bath.
   Bath,  Shower, Implu'vium, Hydroco'nium, is
 one in which the water is  made  to fall like a
 shower on the body.  See Douche.
   Bath, Sitz, see Bath,  half.
   Bath, Steam, may be formed by introducing
 steam into  a properly closed vessel in place of
 water, as in the water bath.
   Bath, Succession, TraneW'ion  bath.  A term 
BATH                  1
applied to the rapid succession or transition from
a cold to a warm  or hot  bath, or conversely.—
Bell.
  Bath,  Sulphur, Balneum Sulph'ttria, Sulphu-
rett'ed bath.  A bath much used in psora, and
other chronic  cutaneous affections.  It may be
composed of two ounces of diluted sulphuric acid,
and e"ight ounces of sulphuret of potassium added
to each bath; or simply of the sulphuret of po-
tassium.
   Bath,  Sulphur  Vapour, see Sulphurous Acid.
   Bath,  Tan.  An astringent bath, prepared, at
times, by boiling two or three handfuls of ground
oak-bark, — such as is used by tanners — in  two
or three  quarts of water, for half an hour*  and
then  adding  the decoction to the water of the
bath.
   Bath,  Temperate, see Bath, hot—b. Tepid,
see Bath, hot—b.  Transition, Bath, succession—
b. Vapour, see  Bath,  hot, and  Vaporarium — b.
Warm, see Bath, hot.
   Bath, Water,  Balneum  Mar'ia  seu Maria,
(F.) Bain Marie, in chemistry, consists of a ves-
sel filled with boiling  water, or salt water, in
which the vessel is placed, that contains the sub-
stance to be evaporated.

   Bathing is much employed in the treatment of
disease.  The cold bath, especially the  cold sea
bath, is  a sedative and indirect tonic: the warm
bath a relaxant; and the  hot bath a stimulant.
   The regular use of tbe  bath is extremely con-
ducive to health ;  but if too much indulged in, it
is apt to produce injurious effects.
   BATH  ALUM SPRINGS, see Virginia,
Mineral  Waters of.
   BATH,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF, Aqua
Batho'nia vel Bad'iza, Aqua Solia, Aqua Bad'-
igua. Celebrated thermal springs at Bath, in
 England.  They contain but little impregnation,
 and  are chiefly  indebted to their temperature,
 from  112° to 117° Fahrenheit, for their utility.
'The main ingredients are  sulphate of  lime, chlo-
ride  of  sodium, sulphate of  soda, carbonate of
lime,  protoxide of iron, free carbonic acid  and
aeote.
   These waters are employed in  the  most hete-
rogeneous  cases;  and  are serviceable where the
 simple thermal springs are indicated,  as in rheu-
 matism,  paralysis, Ac
   BATH SPRINGS,  in  Berkley County, Vir-
 ginia, is a mild carbonated water: temperature
 73° Fahr.   It is a useful bath in cutaneous affec-
 tions, and is said to contain some of the salts of
 lime and magnesia.
   BA'THER, same etymon; Balnea'riue, Bali-
 nea'tor,  Balnea'tor, (F.)  Baigneur.   One who
 bathes.  Anciently, the name was given to those
 that  administered batHs  to  the  diseased, — the
 E~tuvistes of the French.  At the present day, in
 remote  districts in Germany, the country people
 call their medical  practitioners Bader or 'bath-
 men,' and Feldscheeren or 'army barbers.'
   BATHING,  see Bath.
   BATHMIS,  Bathmua,  'base,  support.'   The
 cavity of a bone, which receives the eminence of
 another; and especially the two Foasettea at the
 inferior  extremity of the humerus into which the
 processes of the  ulna are received,  during the
 flexion and extension of the fore-arm.
   BATHRON, Bathrum Hippoc'ratis, Scamnttm
 Hippoc'ratie, Bate'rion, 'a step, a ladder.'  (F.)
 Banc d'Hippocrate. An instrument, used for the
 extension of a  limb, in cases  of fracture or luxa-
 tion.  The description of it is found in Galen,
 Oribasius.  and'Scultetus, with a figure.
   BATHRUM HIPPOCRATES, Bathron.
   BATIA, Retort.
   BATISSE.  MINERAL WATERS OF.  Ba-
1               BAURAC
tisse is three leagues from Clermont, in  France.
The water is tepid, and contains  subcarbonate
and sulphate of soda, sulphates of lime and iron,
muriate of magnesia, and carbonate 8f lime.
  BATOS, Rubus Ida?us.
  BATRACHUS, Ranula.
  BATTALISM'US, Battaria'mua, from  3otrnpi-
f«v, 'to stammer.'  Balbuties.  Stammering with
incapacity to pronounce the R.
  BATT'ALUS, Bat'tartts,  same  etymon.   A
stammerer, a stutterer.
  BATTARISMUS, Battalismus.
  BATTARUS, Battalus.
  BATTATA VIRGINIANA, Solanum tubero-
sum.
  BATTEMENS  DOUBLES,  see Bruit du
Coeur fatal.
  BATTEMENT, Pulsation,
  BAUDRICOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Baudricourt is a  town  of France, two leagues
and a half from Mirecourt  The waters are sul-
phureous.
  BAUDRUCHES, Condom.
  BAUHIN,  VALVE OF,  Valve of Tul'pius,
 V.  of FALLO'PIUS, V. of A'ARO'LIUS, H'eo-'frcal
 Valve,  Ileo-colic  Valve,  Val'mla  Ilei,   Val'vitla
Coli, V.  Caci, Oper'culnm  Jl('i.  Sphincter Ilei.
This name is given to the  valve  situate trai.s-
versely at the place where the Ileum opens into
the coecum, and which Bauhin says he discovered
at  Paris, in 1759.   It had,  however, been pre-
viously described by several anatomists;  as hf
Vidus Vidius, Postius, Ac.
  BAUME,  Balsam—6. d'Acier, Balsam, chaly-
beate— 6. d'Aiguilles,  Balsam,  chalybeate — 6.
d'AmSrique,  see  Toluifera  balsamum — b. Apo-
plectique,  Balsam,  apoplectic — b. d'Arcana, Ar-
caeiis, balsam of; see, also, Balsam of Arcaeus—
b.  d'ArcStts,  Unguentum elemi  compositum —
b.  Aromatique, Balsam, aromatic — b.  Benjoin,
Benjamin—b. Blanc, see Amyris Opobalsamum—
b. du BrSsil, Copaiba—b. de Canada, see  Pinus
balsamea—b. de  Cannelle, Laurus cinnamomum
—  b. de Carpathie, Balsam  of  Carpathia—b. de
 Carthagenc, see Toluifera balsamum—b. de Con-
stantinople blanc, see Amyris opobalsamum — 6.
de  Copahu,  Copaiba — 6. Cordiale de  Sennerte,
Balsam, cordial, of Sennertus—b. d'Eau dfenilles
ridSes,  Mentha crispa — b. de Feuillet,  Balsam,
green, of Metz—b. de Fioraventi spiritueitse, Bal-
sam, spirituous, of Fioraventi—b. de Fourcroy ou
de  Laborde, Balsam of Fourcroy  or Laborde—6.
dea FunSraillea, Asphaltum — b. de Galaad, see
Amyris opobalsamum—b. de Genevilve, Balsam
of  Genevieve — 6. Grand, Tanaeetum balsamita
—b. du Grand Caire, see Amyris opobal;timuui
—b. HydriodatS, Balsam, ioduretted—6. Hypnoti-
que, Balsam,  Hypnotic — 6. HyatSrique, Balsam,
hysteric—b. dea lndea, see Myroxylon Peruiferum
—6. IodurS, Balsam,  ioduretted—b. dea  Jardins,
 Mentha viridis—6. de Lucatel, Balsam, Lucatelli's
—b. Marie, see Fagara octandra—b. de Momie, As-
phaltum— b.  Nervin,  Balsam,  nervous — b. de
Perou,see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. de Saint-
 Thomas, see Toluifera balsamum—b. du Samari-
 tain, Balsam of the Samaritan—b. Saxon, Balsam,
 Saxon — 6. de Sottfre, Balsam of sulphur — b. da
Sympathie, Balsam of sympathy—b. Tranquille,
Balsam,  tranquil —6. de  Tolu,   see  Toluifera
balsamum—b. de  Vaniiy, Vanilla—6. Vert, see
Fagara octandra—6. Vertde  Metz, Balsam, ffreen,
of  Metz—b. de Vie d'Hoffmann, Balsam of Life,
of  Hoffmann — 6.  de  Vie de Lelievre,  Tinctura
aloes composita — 6. Vrai,  see  Amyris opobal-
samum—b. Vulneraire de Minderer, Balsam, vul-
nerary, of Mindererus.
   BAUMIER, Balsamier.
   BAURAC, (Arab.)  Nitre, or  salt in  general.
From this word comes Borax. 
BAURIN    *           122                BEDFORD
  FAURIX, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Baurin
Is a village four leagues from Roye, department of
So'iime.  Th< waters are strongly chalybeate.
  BAVE(¥.), Saliva ex orefine,is, Spuma, Hu-
mor Sallvu**  Frothy,  thick, viscid  saliva, ^su-
ing from the mouth.  This drivelling or slaver-
ing, we see in children, old  people, Ac.  The term
is, also, applied to the frothy liquid, which flows
from the mouth of rabid animals.  Sauvages uses
it synonymously with salivation.
  BA VEUX,  Baveuse,  an epithet,  occasionally
applied by the  French  to  the sponsry flesh of a
wound, which  suppurates, and exhibits but little
tendency to  heal.
  BAY,  CASTOR,  Magnolia glauca — b. Rose,
Rhododendron  chrysanthemum — b. Rose, Ame-
rican, Rhododendron maximum—b. Sweet, Lau-
rus — 1). White, Magnolia  glauca and M. lnacro-
phy'.la.
  BDALSIS, Sucking.
  BDELLA, nirudo.
  BDEL'LIUM, Myrrha  imperfecta,  B'olchon,
Made.leon, Balchtts.  A  gum-resin, brought from
the Levant  and India,  and supposed to be ob-
tained from a  species  of Amyris, little known.
It is solid, brittle? of a  deep brown colour, of an
acrid and bitter taste, and sweet odour.   It was
much vaunted  by the ancients, but is now little
employed.   Two different gum-resins  have been
in the  shops, distinguished by tho names Indian
and  African bdellium.   Dr. Royle was informed
that the former was obtained from Am'yris Com-
miph'ora, grpwing in  India and  Madagascar.
The latter is said  to be from  Heudelo'tia Afri-
ca'na.  which grows in Senegal.
   BDELLOM'ETER,   from (iSeXXa,  'a  leech,'
((i?t\Xoi, 'I suck,') and ptrpov, ' measure.'  An in-
strument, proposed as  a substitute for the leech ;
inasmuch as we can tell the quantity of blood ob-
tained by it, whilst we  cannot  by the leech.  It
consists of a cupping-glass, to which a  scarifica-
tor and exhausting syringe are attached.
   BDELLUS.  Fart.
   BDELYGMIA,  Fart.
   BDKLYGMUS, Fart.
   BDESMA, Flatulence.
   BDOLUS, Fart.
   BEAD TREE, Melia Azedarach.
   BEAL, Phlegmon, to Suppurate.
   DEALING,  Pregnant.
   BEAN,  CARTHAGEXA, Habilla de Cartha-
 gena—b.  Egyptian,  Nympha?a nelumbo — b.
 French, Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Garden, com-
 mon, Vicia faba—b. Indian, Catalpa—b. Kidney,
 Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Malacca, Avicennia to-
 mentosa — b.  Pontic,  Nymphaea nelumbo—b.
 Red, Abrus precatorius — b. Sacred, Nelumbium
 luteum — b. St. Ignatius's,  Ignatia ainara — b.
 Tonka, Dipterix odorata — b. Tree, Catalpa — b.
 Tree,  white, Crataegus aria.
   Bran Trefoil Tree, see Cytisine.
   BEARBERRY,  Arbutus uva ursi.
   BEARD.  (Sax.) bea^iw, (G.) Bart,  Barba,
  Pogon,  Genei'on,  Barbi'tium,  (¥.) Barbe.  The
 hair which covers  a part of the cheek, the lips,
 and chin of the male sex, at the age of puberty.
   BEAR'S BREECH,  Acanthus mollis—b. Foot,
 Helleborus foetidus — b.  Fright, Heptallon gra-
 veolens—b. Gr;is~, Yucca filamentosa—b. Whor-
 tleberry. Arbutus uva ursi.
   BEARWEED, Veratrura viride.
   BEASTINGS, Colostrum.
   BE\STLTX(!S. Colostrum.
   BHATING  OF THE HEART, see Heart.
   BEAUGENCY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
  Beaugency is a quarter of a league from Orleans.
 The waters contain subcarbonate of soda,  iron,
 magnesia, and lime.  They are tonic and aperient.
  BEAUMONT ROOT, Gillenia trifoliata.
  BEAUVA1S, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
waters are chalybeate.  Benuvais is in Picardie,
France.
  BEAVER, Castor fiber—b. Wood, Celtis occi-
dentalis.  Magnolia glauca — b.  Tree,  Magnolia
glauca, M. macrophylla.
  BEBEERIA, see Bebeeru.
  BEBEERINE. see Bebeeru.
  BEBEERU, Sipeeri. A tree of British Gui-
ana, which yields two alkalies—Beb'-erine, Btbee'.
rina, Rebec'ria or  Biberine, and Sipeerinc; and
in its properties resembles the  Cinchonas.  It has
been  referred to Xectan'dra Ilodiei.  Ord. Lau-
rineae.  The timber of the tree is known to ship.
builders by  the name bibiru or green-heart.  The
Sulphate of Bebeeria has been employed in inter-
mittents.   Warburg's Fever Drops,  Tinctu'ra an-
tifebrllis Warbur'gi,  an  empirical antiperiodio
preparation, have  by some been considered to be
a tincture of the seeds of the Bebeeru, but this ia
questionable.
   EEC, (F.) Rostrum, Beak.  This name has been
applied to various  parts.
   BEC CORACO'IDIEN, (¥.) Cor'acoid beak, ia
the end of the coracoid process.
   BEC DE CUILLER, Ham'ulns.  An instru-
ment used for the  extraction of balls.  It consists
of an iron rod, 7 or 8 inches long, having at one
extremity a small cavity, into which the ball ia
received to be drawn outwards.  See Cochleari-
formis.
  \BEC DE GRUE  MUSQUE, Geranium Mos-
chatum—6. de Grue Robertin,  Geranium Roberti-
anum—b. de Lilvre, Harelip.
   BEC  DE LA  PLUME A ECRIRE (¥.),
Beak of the Calamus Scripto'rius, is a small cavity
at the superior part  of the medulla oblongata,
which forms part  of the 4th ventricle.
   BEC, (Le.) MINERAL WATERS OF.  Beo
is  six leagues from Rouen, in Normandy.  The
water is strongly  chalybeate.
   BECCABUNGA, Veronica Beccabunga.
   BECHiESTHE'SIS, from Brf, PvX°s> 'cough,'
 and atadnats, 'sensation.'   The excitement or de-
 sire to cough.
   BECHIA, Tussis.
   BECHIAS, Tussis.
   BE'CHICS, Be'chica, Becha, Bec'clica, Be'.
 chita, from fof,  (SnX"s> ' cough,' (F.) BSchiquet,
 Medicines adapted for allaying cough.
   BECHITA, Bechic.
   BECHIUM, Tussilago.
   BECII0RTH0PNO5A, Pertussis.
   BECUIBA, Ibicuiba.
   BED, HYDROSTATIC, Water  bed-b. Water,
 Arnott's, see Water bed.
   BED'EGAR, Bedeguar, Bedeguard, Spon'gia
  Cynos'bati, Fungus Rosa'rum, F. Cynos'bati, (F.)
 Pomme mousscttse, Eponge d'eglantier.  An ex-
 crescence,  which  makes its appearance on  dif-
 ferent species of wild roses, and  which is pro-
 duced by the puncture of a  small insect— Cy-
 nips Rosa.  It  was  formerly employed  as  a
 lithontriptic and vermifuge, but is not now used.
 It was slightly astringent.
   BEDFORD, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Bed-
 ford is a village, situate on the  great  Western
 Turnpike road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg,*
 few miles east of  the chief elevation of the Alle-
 ghany mountains.  The " Springs" are about a
 mile and a half from the village. They are saline
 and  sulphureous.  The  most celebrated —the
 " Mineral Spring" or "Anderson's  Spring"—con-
 tains carbonic acid, sulphate of magnesia, chlo-
 rides of  sodium  and calcium, and carbonate o!
 iron, but  none of these  articles in great quan-
 tity; hence, the main action of the waters is diu- 
BEDLAM                123             BELL  METAL
  refic  At some distance from the Springs, there
  is a chalybeate water;  ani about 10 miles S. W.
  of Bedford, at Milliken's Cove, a strong sulphure-
  ous spring.   The climate of  Bedford Springs is
  agreeable.   During the heat  of summer,  the
  nights are generally cool.  In  the morning of
  July  14, 1S53, the author marked the thermome-
  ter, at five  o'clock, A. M., at 45°.  Three days
  before, however, it was at 70° at the same hour.
    BEDLAM, Morotrophium.
    BEDLAMITE, Insane.
    BEDSTRAW, Galium verura—b.  Ladies,
  preaier,  Galium,  mollugo,  Galium  verum — b.
  Rough,  Galium  asprellum—b. Ladies,  rough,
  Galium asprellum.
    BEE, Sax. beo. Apis, A. mel/if'ica seu domest'ica,
  Melis'sa, Melit'ta, (¥.) Abeilie.   This insect was
  formerly exhibited, when dried and powdered, as
  a diuretic.
    Bee in* the Bonnet, see  Insanity.
    BEEBREAD, Propolis.
    BEECH, Fagus sylvatica—b. Drop, Orobanche
  Virginiaua—b. Drops, false, Hypopitys  lanugi-
  nosa.
    Bkkch, Albany, Pterospora Andromedea.
    Beech, Mast, see Fagus sylvatica.
    BEEDY'S EYES, Viola tricolor.
    BEEF ESSENCE, see Beef tea.
    Beep Tea, Jus bovi'num.  An  infusion  of beef,
  much used in debilitating maladies, and  in con-
  valescence.   It may be  made as follows: Take
  two pounds and  a half of lean beef: cut it, in
  small pieces,  into three parts of water in an earthen
  pipkin :  let this simmer, but never boil, until the
  liqmir is consumed to a pint and a half: then
  strain carefully.  It ought to  be entirely free
  from  fat or grease.—Dr. E. J. Seymour.
    Essence of beef—us it has been called—may be
  made by putting a pound of good beef, freed from
  fat, and  cut  into small pieces, into a porter-bot-
  tle, corking lightly.  The bottle must be put into
■  boiling water, and kept there  until the water has
  been  boiling at least half an hour.  As the boil-
  ing goes on,  the cork  may be  inserted a little
  more tightly, to retain  the contents of the bottle.
  The juices of the beef are thus separated,  and
  constitute the ' essence,' which may be seasoned
  to the taste.   It contains much nutriment
    BEEN, Centaurea behen.
    BEER, Cerevisia — b. Black, see Falltranck—
  b. Chowder,  see  Chowder —  b. Pipsissewa, see
  Pyrola umbellata.
    Beer, Jews', See Pinus sylvestris—b. Springs,
  see Water, Mineral (gaseous.)
    Beer,  Spruce,  Cerevis'ia  Ahie'tia,  may  be
  prepared as follows.  Take of E^nce of Spruce,
  half a pint; Pimento, bruised ; Ginger, bruised ;
  Hops, of each, four ounces ;  water, three gallons.
  Boil for five or ten  minutes;  strain, and add of
  warm  water eleven gallons;  yeast, a pint;  molas-
  ses,six pints. Mix and allow to  ferment for twenty
  hours.  Used as an agreeable drink in summer.
   Beer, Tar, see Pinus sylvestris.
   BEET, Beta.
   BEEST, Colostrum.
   BEESTINGS, Colostrum.
   BEETLE WE ED,  Galax aphylla.
   BEGAIEMENT,  Balbuties.
   BEG MA,—according  to some, Bregma,—from
fltiaauv or (ipriaocti.,, < to expectorate after cough-
ing.'  Coughing; also,  the sputum or expecto-
rated matter.—Hippocrates.
   BEGO'NIA.   The Begonia grandifio'ra and
B.  tomento'aa have  astringent  roots,  which are
used in Peru in cases of hemorrhage, scurvy, low
fevcr~,  ctc
  JJEGUE, Balbus.
    BEHEN ABIAD, Centaurea behen — b. Al-
  bum, Centaurea  behen — b.  Officinarum,  Cueu-
  balus  behen — 6. Rouge, Statice limonium — 6.
  Vulgaris, Cucubalus behen.
    BEIIMEN ACKMAR, Statice limonium.
    BKIAIIALALEN, Sempervivum tectorum.
    BEIDELSAR, Asclepias procera.
    BE 1ST, Colostrum.
    BEISTINGS, Colostrum.
    BEISTYN, Colostrum.
    BEJUIO, Habilla de Carthagena.
    BELA-AYE  or BE-LAHE,   A  tonic  and
  astringent bark of a Madagascar  tree.  Du-petit-
  Thouars and  Sonnerat think  it  may be substi-
  tuted for the Simarouba.
    BELADAMUOC.  A species of convolvulus of
  the Malabar coast, which contains an acrid  milky
  juice.   From this a liniment  is  formed with oil
  and ginger, which is used against the bites of
  rabid animals.
    BE-LAHE, Bela-aye.
    BELA-MODAGAM.  A kind of Sca'vola  of the
  Malabar coast, the leaves of which are considered
  diuretic and emmenagogue.
    BELANDRE, (¥.)   A litter, surrounded with
  curtains, in which  patients are sometimes carried
  to hospitals.
    BELCHING, Eructation.
    BELD, Athrix.
    BELEMNOID,  Belenoid.
    BELEMN01DES PROCESSUS, Styloid pro-
  cesses.
    BEL'ENOID,  BEL'ONOID,  BEL'EMNOID
  or BEL'OID,  BelenoVdea or  BelemnoVdes Pro-
  cessus, from (ieXos, ' an  arrow,' and ttSos, ' shape.'
  This name has been given to styloid processes
  in general—Processus belendi'des.
    BELESME, see Bellesme.
    BELESON, Balsam,  Mussaenda frondosa.
    BELILLA, Mussaenda frondosa.
    BEL1NUM, Apium Graveolens.
   BELI OCULUS, Belloculus.
   BELL,  CANTERBURY, Campanula  trache-
 lium.
   BELLADONE, Atropa belladonna.
   BELLADON'NA, in  the Pharmacopoeia of the
 United States, is the officinal name of the leaves
 of Atropa Belladonna.
   Belladonna Baccipera, Atropa belladonna—
 b. Trichotoma, Atropa belladonna.
   BELLADONNIN, Atropine.
   BELLE-BLOME, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
   BELLE DAME, Atropa belladonna.
   BELLEGU, Myrobalanus.
   BELLEREGI, Myrobalanus.
   BELLESME,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 BellSsme is about three leagues from Montague!
 in France.  The waters are chalybeate     °
   BELLEY, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  The
 waters at Belley, department of Aiu, in France,  ,.
 are saline aperients.
   BELLFLOWER, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
   BELLIDOIDES, Chrysanthemum leucanthe-
 mum.
   BELLIS, Bellas, ('pretty,') Bellis peren'nis
 seu minor seu horten'sis, Sym'phytum min'imum,
 Bruuewort, Common  Daisy,  (Sc.)  Ewe-gowan,
 (Prov.) Batrnworts, (¥.) Paquerette vivace, petite
 Marguerite.  Ord. Compositae.  The leaves and
 flowers are rather acrid,  They were, atone time,
 considered to  cure  different species of wounds.
 See Osmitopsis asteriscoides.
  Bellis  Hortensis, Bellis—b. Major, Chrysan-
themum leucanthemum  —b. Minor, Bellis__b
Perennis, Bellis —b. Pratensis, Chrysanthemum"
leucanthemum.
  BELLIT, Athrix.
  BELL  METAL,  Cal'cocoa, (F.)  Airain, MStal
des cloches.  An alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and a 
BELLOCULUS             124               BERBERIS
small quantity of antimony, used  for making J
bells.  The mortars of the apothecary are often'
formed of this  material.  They require to be kept
clean, to avoid the formation of  verdigris.
  BELLOCULUS, Beli Oc'ttlua.  A kind of gem, I
which the Assyrians considered efficacious in the
cure of  many diseases.   They imagined that the
figure of an eye could be seen in it, and hence its
name. Bel'a Eye, from tbe god Bel.
  BELLOX, Colic, metallic.
 • BELLOTAS, see Ilex major.
  BELLOWS' SOUND, Bruit de souffiet — h. s.
Encephalic, see Bruit de sottfflet.
  Bellows' Sound, Funic, a single murmur of
the bellows kind, synchronous with the first sound
of the heart; heard by some observers, and  re-
ferred by them to diminished calibre of the um-
bilical arteries, either by pressure or stretching
of the funis, or both.
  Bellows' Sound,  Placental, Bruit placen-
taire.
  BELLWORT, SMALLER, Uvularia perfoliate
  BELLY, Venter, from Ir. bolg, 'the belly, a bag
or pouch' [?].  At the present day, the abdomen.
Formerly, all the splanchnic cavities Were called
bellies;—the lower belly, venter in'fimus, being
the  abdomen ; the middle belly, venter me'dius,
the thorax ; and the upper belly, venter sttpre'mus,
the head. Also, the womb.  See Venter.
  BELLY-ACH, Colica.
  Belly-ach, Dry, Colica metallica.-
  Belly-ach  Root, Angelica lucida.
  BELLY-BAND, Belt, Russian.
  BELLY-BOUND, Constipated.
  BELLY-GOD, Glutton.
  BELLY-HARM, Colic
  BELLY, POT, Physconia.
  BELLY-T1IRA, Colic.
  BELLY-TIMBER, Aliment.
  BELLY-WARK, Colic.
  BELMUSC1IUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
  BELNILEG, Myrobalanus.
  BELOID, Belenoid.
  BELOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid processes.
  BELONE, Needle.
  BELONODES, Styloid.
  BELONOID, Belenoid.
  BEL'S EYE. Belloculus.
  BELT, RUSSIAN, Ventra'le— vulgarly, Belly-
band,—Abdominal supporter.  A broad bandage
applied to the abdomen, so as to support, and make
methodical pressure upon it.  Different forms have
been termed  obstetric binders, utero-abdominal
tupportera, Ac.
  BELUL'CUM, from (ieXos, 'a dart,' and  'tXaui,
'I  draw out'  An instrument used for extracting
darts or arrows.  Many instruments of this kind
have been noticed by surgeons.— Ambrose Pard,
Fabricius ab Aquapendente.
  BELZOE, Benjamin.
   BELZOIM. Benjamin.
   BELZOINUM, Benjamin.
   BEN, Guilandina moringa—b. of Judaea, Ben-
jamin—b. Nut, Guilandina moringa.
  BENATH, Pustule.
   BENEDICTA SYLVESTRIS, Geum rivale.
   BEXEDICTUM   LAXATIVUM,  Confectio
sen n 02.
  BENEFICE DE LA NATURE, Beneficium
naturae—b. de Ventre, see Beneficium naturae.
  BENEFICIUM NATU'R^E, (F.) BSnefice de
la nature.  This term is used by the French pa-
thologists for cases in which diseases have got well
without medical treatment  With them, BSnSfice
ie  nature, Or B. de ventre, is synonymous also with
AlviProfiu'vium ;—a spontaneous diarrhoea, often
acting favourably either in the prevention or cure
of disease.
  BENEL, Croton racemosum.
  BENEOLEXS, from bene, 'well,'and olere, 'to
smell.'  Euo'dca, Suaveolctta.   A sweet-scented
medicine, as gums, Ac.
  BEXG. Bangue.
  BENGALE INDORUM, Cassumuniar.
  BENGAL ROOT, Cassumuniar.
.  BEXGI,  Hyoscyamus.
  BENIGN',  Benig'nua,  Eneth'ea,  (F.) BSnin,
Benigne.   Diseases of a  mild  character are  so
called:  as well as medicines whose action is not
violent,as nBettign I\f <i, Febris bettig'na ititpu'-
tris, Ac
  BENIN, Benign.
  BEN'JAMIN, corruption  of Ben'zoin, Benzo'-
inum  (Ph.  U. S.),  B. verum,  Assa odora'ta seu
dulcis, Benjui, Bettjtiin, Asa or Ben'jaoy, Benjo'-
inum, Belzoe, Belzoim, Ben'zoe, Sty'racis Benzo'-
ini Balaamum, Liquor Cyrenlactts, Croton  Ben-
zol, Ben of  Juda'a, Acor Betizo'in us, Sal Ac"idttm
seu esaentia'le seu volat'ile Benzoes, (¥.) Bettjoin,
Baume  Benjoin, Aaaa donx.  A  resinous, dry,
brittle substance,  the  concrete juice of Styrax
Benzoin, Arbor Benivi, Laurus Benzoin, of Su-
matra.  The odour is extremely fraguont, and
taste  slightly, aromatic.   It is  principally  used
for the preparation of the acid which it contains.
It is also employed in some vulnerary tinctures,
and as an  expectorant.   Denzoic Acid, Ae"idnm
Benzo'icum, is obtained from it by sublimation.
The purest Benjamin  is in amygdaloid masses:
hence called (F.) Benjoin amygdalo'ide.
   Benjamin Bush,' Laurus benzoin.
   Benjamin, Flowers of,  Ben'zoic Acid,  Ac"-
idutn Benzo'icum seu Benzoylicum, Flores Benzols
seu Benzo'ini, Ac"idum Benzo'icum per  ettblima-
tio'nem, (F.) Acide Benzoique, Fleura de Benjoin,
This acid exists in all the balsams, but chiefly in
Benzoin, from which it is obtained by sublima-
tion.   It is in vanilla, canella,  the urine of in-
fants, and  of herbivorous animals.  Its odour ia
aromatic and fragrant;  taste hot, slightly acidu-
lous,  and  agreeable.   The crystals  consist of
white, satiny flakes, slightly ductile.  It is pro-
bably stimulant; and has been used, as such, in
chronic catarrh ; but it has little efficacy.
   BENJAOY, Benjamin.
   BENJOIN, Benjamin.
   BENJOINUM, Benjamin.
   BENJUI, Benjamin.
   BEN MOENJA.  A Malabar tree.  An alexi-
pharmic decoction is made of  its roots, in the
country, which is much praised  in cases of malig-
nant fever. Its bark, boiled with Calamus aroma-
ticti8 and salt, forms a decoction used in bites of
poisonous  serpents.
   BENNE, Sesamum orientale.
   BENNET, HERB,  Geum urbanum, and  G
Virgin ianam.
   BENOITE, Geum urbanum — 6.  Aquatiqu\
Geum rivale — 6. dee Ruiaseattx, Geum rivale —
b. de Virginie, Geum Virginianum.
   BENZENE, Benzole.
   BENZIN, Benzole, see Anaesthetic
   BENZOATE OF AMMONIA, Ammonia) ben-
zoas.
   BENZOE, Benjamin.
   BENZOENIL, Vanilla.
   BENZOIN, Benjamin—b. Odoriferum, Lourui
Benzoin.
   BEN'ZOLE, Benzin, Benzene, Phene, Hy'dru-
ret of Phen'yle.  A constituent of coal-gas tar,
obtained by disfilling coal naphtha.  It is a  co-
lourless, oleaginous  liquid, of  agreeable odour,
Sp. gr.  0-85.  The vapour, when inhaled, acts ai
an anaesthetic.
   BERBERINE, see Oxyacantha Galeni.
   BERBERIS,  Oxyacantha Galeni__b.  Cana-
densis,  see Oxyacantha Galeni. 
BEREINE               125                 BEZOAR
  BERBTNE, Verbena officinalis.
  BERtlE, Heracleum spondylium.
  BERENDAROS, Ocymum basilicum.
  BERENICE, Succinum.
  BERENICIUM, Potassae nitras.
  EEKEXISECUM, Artemisia vulgaris.
  BERGAMOT', Bergamote,  Bergamot'ta, (F.)
 Bergamotte.  A small orange, of a very agreeable
 taste, and peculiar odour.  From its rind an oil,
 Oleum Birga'mii (Ph. U. S.), is  obtained, which
 is much employed as a^podume, and sometimes
 in medicine.  See Citrus melia rosa.
  BER'IBERI, Beribe'ria, Syn'claims Bett'be'-
 ria, Indoayn'clonus,  Paralyaia  Bcr'iberi, from
 beri in the, Singhalese language, which signifies
 ' weakness;' therefore, beriberi,' great weakness.'
 This word is  also said to be Hindusthanee, and
 to  mean &  sheep.—Bontius.  Beriberi is  an  In-
 dian disease, little known in Europe.   It con-
 sists in debility and tremors of the limbs,—some-
 times, indeed, of the  whole body; with painful
 numbness  of the affected parts, Ac:—.the patient
 walking doubled, and imitating tho  movements
 of  sheep!   Some .authors have esteemed it rheu-
 matic; others, paralytic; others, to be a kind of
 chorea.  It is, almost always, incurable; is rarely
 fatal; and is treated by exercise, stimulant fric-
 tion, sudorifics,  Ac.   It  is  sometimes  called i
 Bar'biera,  but this would seem to be a different  !
 disease.                                       j
  BERICOCCE,  Prunus armeniaca.
  BERKLEY SPRINGS,  see Bath Springs.
  BERLE NODIFLORE, Sium.
  BERLUE, Metamorphopsia.
  BERMU'DAS,  CLIMATE OF.   Pulmonary
 <nvalids are occasionally sent to Bermuda, but
 tt.e principal objection-to a winter residence
 there, is the  prevalence of strong winds; espe-
 cially of the dry, sharp, and  cold north-west
 winds,  during tbe winter  and spring.   Still,  it
 affords a good winter retreat for the phthisical,
 from any part of.the United States, provided due
 care be selected  in choosing a suitable locality.
 Tbe neighbourhood of Hamilton has been strongly
 recommended with this view.
  BERNARD THE HERMIT, Cancellus.
  BERRIES, INDIAN,  see Menispermum coc-
 culus—b. Turkey, yellow, see Piper cubeba.
  BERS.  A sort of electuary, composed of pep-
 per, seed of the white hyoscyamus, opium, euphor-
 bium, saffron, Ac.  The Egyptians used it as an
 excitant.—Prospero Alpini.
  BERU, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Beru is
 in Champagne, France.   The waters are slightly
 chalybeate.
  BERULA, Sium nodiflorum — b. Angustifolia,
 Sium nodiflorum.
  BESASA, Ruta.
  BESICLES, Spectacles.           •
  BESOIN, Want—b. de Reapirer, see Want—
 6. de la Vie, Necessary of life.
  BESSANEM.  A word used by Avicenna, for
 redness of the skin, limbs, and face, produced by
 the action of cold.
  BESSON,    } a   n    11
  BESSONNE, ) See GemelIu*-
  BETA.  The Beet,  Sic'ula,  (¥.) Bette,  Bette-
 rare.  Family, Chenopodeae.  Sex. Syst. Pentan-
 dria Digynia.  A genus  of plants, of which the
 following are the chief varieties :
  Beta Hy'brida, Root of Scarcity.  Root red,
 outside; white, within.  Very nutritive;  yields
 sugar.
  Beta Vulga'ris Alba, White Beet. The root
 yields sugar, and the leaves are  eaten as a sub-
 stitute for spinach.
 , Beta Vulga'ris Rubra,  Red Beet.   Root red
and nutritive; vields a small quantity of sugar.
  BETAYNE, Betonica officinalis.
   BETEL, Piper Betel, Chaviea betle. A species
 of pepper, cultivated in several parts of India.
 The East Indians are in the habit of chewfng
 the leaves with  lime and areca; and they givo
 the name  Betel to this preparation.  It is used in
 all the equatorial countries of Asia.  Betel is said
 to be tonic and astringent. It is also called Bette,
 Bltre, Betle.   See Areca.
   BETHROOT,  Trillium latifolium — b. Broad-
 leaf, Trillium latifolium.
   BETISE, Dementia.                       '
   BETOINE, Betonica officinalis — b. dea Mot
i tapnea, Arnica montana— b. dea Suvoyurda, Ar-
 nica montana.
!   BETON, Colostrum.
   BETONICA AQUATICA, Scrophularia aqua-
 tica.
   Beton'ica Offioina'lis,  B. purpu'rea,  Vet-
 ton'iea, Cestron,  Bet'ony,  Wood Betony,  (Old
 Eng.) Betayne,  Psychot'rophum, Veronica  pur-
 pu'rea, (¥.) BStoine.  Order, Labiatae. Sex.  Syst.
 Didynamia Gymnospermia.  Betony was in much
 esteem amongst  the ancients, who  employed the
 flowers and leaves, in decoction, in gout, sciatica,
 cephalalgia, Ac.  It was so  called,  according to
 Pliny, from being in great repute among the Vet-
 tones  or Bettones, an  ancient  people of Spain.
 Antonius  Musa  is said to have written a volume
 in praise of it;  recommending it in no less  than
 47  different diseases.  It has, however,  little  or
 no. virtue.   The leaves are said to be aperient,
 and the root emetic
   Betonica Pauli, Veronica.
   BETONY, Betonica officinalis—b. Paul's, Ly-
 copus sinuatus,  Lycopus Virginicus, Veronica —
 b. Water, Scrophularia aquatica—b. Wood, Beto-
 nica officinalis.
   BET RE, Betel.
   BETTE, Beta.
   BETTE RAVE, Beta.
   BET'ULA ALBA, TnpvSa.  The Birch,  (Sc.)
 Birk, (¥.) Bottleau commun.  Order, Betulacoae.
 The young leaves are slightly odorous,  astrin-
 gent, and bitter. They  are applied to  wounds
 and ulcers.  They have  been regarded  as anti-
 scorbutic and  anthelmintic.   The tree furnishes
 a saccharine juice, which is considered antiscor-
 butic and  diuretic.
   Betula Emarginata, Alnus glutinosa—b.  Glu-
 tinosa, Alnus glutinosa.
   Betula Lenta,  Sweet Birch, Black  Birch,
 Cherry Birch, Mountain  Mahogany, is an Ame-
 rican species, the bark and leaves of which have
 the smell and taste  of Gaultheria procumbens.
 An  infusion is sometimes made of them, and used
 as an excitant and diaphoretic.   The volatile oil
 is nearly, if not wholly, identical  with  that of
 Gaultheria.
   BEURRE, Butter—6. de Bambottc, Butter of
 bambouc — b. de Cacao, Butter of cacao — b. de
 Coco, Butter of cocoa—6.  VegStale, Persea gratis-
 sima.
   BEUVRIGNY, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 Beuvrigny is in the vicinity of Bayeux, in Nor-
 mandy.  The water is chalybeate.
   BEVERAGE,  Drink.
   BEVUE, Diplopia.
   BEX, Tussis—b. Convulsiva, Pertussis—b. Hu-
 mida, Expectoration—b. Theriodes, Pertussis.
   BEXIS, Tussis.
   BEXU'GO.   Under  this name, a  purgative
 root was formerly introduced into Europe from
 Peru.   It is supposed to have been the root of a
 Hippocratea.
  BEZ'OAR, Bez'aar, Bez'ehard, Pa'zahar, from *
 Persian Pa, 'against,' and zahar, poison.   Lapis
 Bezoar'dicue, Calculus Bez'oar, Enterolithns Be-
 zoar'dus, Bezoard. A calculous concretion, found 
BEZOARD D'ALLEMAGXE  126
BICIIO
in the stomach, intestines, and bladder of ani-
mals.  Wonderful  virtues were  formerly attri-
buted to these  Bezoars.  There were two great
varieties: the Bez'oar orienta'le, An'imal Bezoar'-
ticttm orienta'le, formed in the fourth stomach of
the gazelle of India (Gazella In'dira, or rather
Autilo'pus cervica'pra :) and the Bez'oar occiden-
ta'le. Animal Bezoar'ticitm oceidenta'le, found in
the fourth  stomach of the wild goat or chamois
of Peru.  These suhstanees  were esteemed to be
powerful alexipharmics ;  but the former was the
more valued.   It  was believed that  no  poison,
and  no eruptive, pestilential, or putrid disease,
could resist its influence.  As so  many  virtues j
were ascribed to it, other  animal concretions were j
substituted for  it;  and factitious Bezoards were
made of crabs' eyes and claws, bruised and mixed
with musk, ambergris,  Ac
   Bez'oar Bovi'num, (F.) Bezoard de Ba>uf, Be-
zoard of the  beef.   A  concretion formed in the
fourth stomach of beeves; also, a  biliary calcu-
lus found in the gall-bladder.
   Bez'oard of the Deer, B.  of the Lach'rymal
Fossa of the Deer,  Deer's  Tears. A moist, highly
odorous, fatty matter,  found below the anterior
canthus of the orbit of the red deer—Cervus  ele-
phas.   It has been used, like castor,  as an anti-
spasmodic, in the dose of from 5 to  15  grains, two
or three times a day.
   Bbzoar  Equinum, Bezoard of  the horse — b.
Hystricis, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine.
   Bez'oard of Cayman.  This was  once much
prized.  It is now  unknown.
   BEZOARD  D'ALLEMAGNE, iEgagropila.
   Bez'oard  of the Chamois, and  B.  of  TnB
Horse, liezoar equinum, Hippol'ithua, Ac, exhi-
bit their origin  in the name.
   Bez'oard of the Indian  Por'cupine, Bez'oar
Hus'tricis, Lapis Porclnus seu Mttlucen'sia, Petro
del Porco, (F.) BSzoard  de  Pore-Epic, was for-
merly the  dearest of all the Bezoards, and was
sold at an enormous price in Spain  and Portu-
gal.
   Bez'oard, Mineral, Antimonium  diaphoreti-
cum—b. Vegetable, see'Calappite.
   BEZOAR'DIC, Bezoar'dictta, (¥.) Bezoardiqtte;
concerning the  bezoard.  Bezoardic medicines are
those  supposed to possess  the same properties
with the bezoard;  as antidotes, alexiteria, alexi-
pharmics, cordials.
   BEZOARDICA   RADIX, Dorstenia  contra-
yerva.
   BEZOAR'DICUM  SATUR'NI.   A pharma-
ceutical preparation, regarded by the  ancients as
antihysteric. It was formed of protoxide of lead, >
butter of antimony, and  nitric acid.
   Bezoar'dicum   Huma'num.  Urinary  calculi
were formerly  employed under  this name as
powerful alexipharmics.
   Bezoar'dicum Jovia'lb.   A sort of greenish
powder,_used as a  diaphoretic, and formed of an- '
timony," tin, mercury, and nitric acid.
   Bezoar'dicum Luna're. A medicine formerly
regarded as a  specific in epilepsy, convulsions,
megrim, Ac  It was prepared of  nitrate  of sil-
ver, and butter of  antimony.
   Bkzoar'dicum Martia'le.  A tonic medicine,
used by the ancients in  diarrhoea.  It was  pre- j
pared from the tritoxide of iron and butter of !
antimony.                                     j
   Bkzoar'dicum   Mercuria'le.   A  medicine, |i
firmerly vaunted  as an  antisyphilitic, and  pre- j
pared from the mild chloride of mercury, butter
of antimony, and nitric acid.
   Bezoar'dicum  Minera'le ; the deutoxide of
antimony; so called because its properties were
supposed to resemble those of animal bezoard.
   Bszoar'dicum Sola're.  A diaphoretic medi-
cine, prepared  of gold filings, nitric  acid, and
butter of antimony.
  Bezoar'dicum  Ven'eris.  A pharmaceutical
preparation, formerly employed in lepra, diseases
of the  brain, Ac; which was made  from  filings
of copper, butter of antimony, and nitric ;i<id.
  BHANG, Bangue.
  BI, as a prefix  to words, has the  same signi-
cation  as Di.
  BIAIOTHANATI, Biothanati.
  BIBERIXE, see Bebeeru.
  BIBIRU, Bebeeru.
  BIBITORIUS,  Rectus internus oculi.
  BIBLIOG'RAPHY,  MED'ICAL, from (itPXtov,
'a book,' and ymttpta, 'I describe.'  A description
or history, or skill in the knowledge, of medical
books.  The most distinguished medical  biblio-
graphers  have been:  J. A. Van der Linden,
Amstelod.   1062,  octavo,  (L.)  M.  Lipk.nius,
Francf. ad  Mcen.  1679, fol. (L.)  G. A. Mkpck-
lein, Norimb. 1686, (L.)  J. J. Mangkt, Gcnev,
1695  to 1731,  (L.)  Tarin (anatomical),  Paris
1753, (F.)  A. von Hali.er, Zurich, 1774,  Ac,
(L.)   ViGiLiia  von  Cruetzenfeld (surgical),
Vindob. 1781, (L.) C. G. Kuhn, Lips.  1794, (L.)
C. L. Schweikard (anat, phys., and legal medi-
cine), Stuttgard, 1796 to 1800, (L.)  G. G. Plouc-
quet, Tubing. 1808 to 1814, (L.) C. F. Buhdach,
Gotha, 1810 to 1821, (G.)  J.  S. Eiisch,  (since
1750),  Leipz. 1822,  (G.)   Th.  Ch.  Fr. Enslin,
(of  Germany,  since 1750.) Berlin, 1826,  (G.)
J. B. Montfalcon, Paris, 1827, (F.)  J. Forbks,
M. D.,  F.R. S.,  London, 1835.   A. C.  P. Cai.li-
ren, Copenhagen, 1845, (G.)  E. Morwitz, Leip-
zig,  1849, (G.)
   BICAUDALIS, Retrahens auris.
   BICAUDA'TUS, Cauda'tus,frombi,a.ndca,„bi,
'a tail;' 'double-tailed.'  A monster having two
tails.
   BICEPIIA'LIUM, Dicepha'lium.    A  hybrid
word,  from bi and Ke<t>aXn, 'head.'  Sauvages ap-
plies this epithet to a  very large sarcoma  on the
head, which seems to form a double  head.
   BICEPHALUS, Dicephalus.
   BICEPS,  from bi,  and caput,  'head.'   That
which has two heads.   This name has been  par-
ticularly given  to two muscles; one  belonging to
the arm, the other to the thigh.
   Biceps Exter'nus Mus'cui.us.  The long por-
tion of the Triceps Brachia'lis.—Douglas.
   Biceps  Flexor Cruris,  B. Cruria, Biceps,
(¥.) Bicepa Crural, Biceps Fern'oris,  Is'ihio-fem'-
oro-peronier—(Ch.)  A muscle on the posterior
part of the thigh ; one head arising  from the tu-
berosity of the ischium, and  the other from  a
great part of the linea  aspera.   It is inserted into
the top of the fibula.  It serves to bend the leg
on the thigh.
   Biceps Flexor Cu'biti, Biceps,  B. Brachii
seu  man&a  seu inter'ntta seu   inter'iiiis hn'nwri,
Cor'aco-radia'/is,  (¥.)  Scapulo-radial, (Ch.)—
Biceps Brachial.  A muscle, situate  at the ante-
rior  and  internal part of the arm;  extending
from the edge of the glenoid cavity and from the
top of the coracoid process to  the tuberosity of
the radius.  It bends the fore-arm upon the  arm.
   BICHE DE MER,  Sea  Slug.  A mollusc'"
animal, belonging to the genus Holothuria, which
is caught amongst the islands of the Feejee group,
New  Guinea, Ac, and when   prepared finds  a
ready sale in China, where it is  used  as an ingre-
dient in rich soups.
  BICIIET. Terra Orleana.
  BICHICII'LE,  probably corrupted  from H>
0vX°s> 'cough.'  Pectoral  medicines,  compote
of liquorice juice, sugar, blanched almonds, A*
—Rhazes.
  BICHIOS,# Dracunculus.
  BICHO, Dracunculus—b. di  Culo, Proctocace, 
BICHOS                1
   BICHOS.  A Portuguese name for the worms
 that penetrate  the toes of people in the Indies;
 and which are  destroyed by the oil of the cashew
 nut.
   BICIP'ITAL, from  bicepa (bi and caput), 'two
 headed.'  Relating to  the biceps.
   Bicip'ital Groove, (F.) Couliaae ou  Gouttilre
 bicipitale,  Couliaae humSrale, (Ch.,) is a longitu-
 dinal groove, situate between the tuberosities of
 the os humeri,  which lodges the long head of the
 biceps.                ,
   Bicip'ital  Tu'nEitci.E, Bicipital  tuberosity,
 (¥.)  TttheroaitS bicipitale; a  prominence near
 the upper extremity of the radius, to which the
 tendon of  the biceps is attached.
   BICORNE  RUDE, Ditrachyceros.
   BICUS'PID, Bicuspida'ttts, from bi and cttspia,
 'a spear.'  That which has two points  or tuber-
 cles.
   Bicus'pid  Teeth,  Dentea  Bieuspida'ti,  (¥.)
 Dents bicitspidees.  The small molares. See Molar.
   BIDDY, Pediculus.
   BIDENS ACMELLA, Spilanthus acmella.
   BIDET, (F.) Bidet; pronounced beeday.   A
 Email horse formerly allowed  to each trooper for
 carrying his baggage.  Hence, perhaps, applied
 to a chamber bathing apparatus, which  has to be
 bestridden.  It is a useful arrangement, in case
 of hemorrhoids, prolapsus ani, affections of the
 sexual organs,  Ac
   BIECHO, Bische.
   BIERE, Cerevisia—b. MSdicinale, see Cerevi-
 sia.
   BIESTINGS, Colostrum.
   BIFEMOR 0-CALCANIEN, Gastrocnemii.
   BI'FURCATION,  Bifurca'tio,  from bi  and
 fttrca, 'a  fork.'  Division  of a trunk  into two
 branches; as  the bifurcation of the  trachea,
 aorta, Ac.
   BIGARADE, see Citrus aurantium.
   BIGASTER, Digastricus.
   BIGBELLIED, Abdominous.
   BIG BLOOM, Magnolia macrophylla.
   BIGBONE, see Kentucky, Mineral Waters  of.
   BIGPAUNCIIED, Abdominous.
   BIGEMINAL BODIES,  Quadrigemina tuber-
 cula.
   BIGGAR.  A disease of Bengal, remarkable
 for  the  intensity  and danger of  the  -cerebral
 symptoms. — Twining.              *'
   BIG-LEAF,  Magnolia macrophylla.
   BIGLES, see Strabismus.
   BIGNO'NIA CAPREOLA'TA, B. crncig"era;
 indigenous.  The root  and  plant are employed,
 like sarsaparilla, in infusion and decoction, in
 syphilis, chronic rheumatism, and  in cachexiae
 in general.
   Bignonia Catalpa,  Catalpa—b. Crucigera, B.
 capreolata.
   Bigno'nia In'dica.   The leaves are employed
 in India, as emollients, to ulcers.
   Bignonia Leucox'ylon, Trumpet tree.  A South
 American tree,  the sap  of which is the surest an-
 tidote against the manchineel.—Schleiden.
   Bignonia Radicans,  Tecomaradicans—b. Sem-
 pervirens, Gelseminum nitidum.
   BIJON, see Pinus sylvestris.
   BfKH, Aconitum ferox.
   BILATE OF SODA, Picromel.
   BILATERAL SYMMETRY, see Symmetry.
   BILAZAY, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Bila-
 zay is a town in France, two leagues from Thouar,
 department of Deux SSvres, near which is a ther-
 mal sulphureous spring.  Temperature about 77°
 Fahrenheit.
  BILBERRY,  Vnccinium  myrtillus—b. Red,
Vaocinium  vitis idaea.
  BILE, Bilie,  Fel, Choloa, Chole, Choler, (¥.) I
27               BINDWEED
| Bile,  Fiel.  A yellow,  greenish, viscid, bitter,
j nauseous fluid, secreted by the liver.  It is  dis-
 tinguished  into hepatic and cyatic;  according as
 it flows immediately into the duodenum from the
 liver or from  the gall-bladder.  It  contains, ac-
 cording to  Muratori,  water;  a  peculiar fatty
 matter; colouring matter (Cholfpyr'rhin or Bili-
 pha'in, Mutiere Jamie  de la  Bile; cholesteriu,
 combined  with sod:i;  picromel or bilin ;  extract
 of flesh', mucus; soda, phosphate of soda; phos-
 phate of lime, and chloride of  sodium.
   The use of the bile is to remove from the body
 superfluous hydro-carbon ; and it is  probably in-
 servient to  useful purposes in digestion.
   Bile, Furunculus — b. Black, Atrabilis — b. de
 Biruf  see Bile—b. Repandue, Icterus.
   Bile of  the Bear, Gall of the Bear, Fel Ursi,
 was thought to be anti-epileptic; and that of the
 Eel, Fel anguil'la, to facilitate labour.
   Bile op  the Ox, Gall of the Ox,  Ox Gall,  Fel
 Tattri  seu Boris seu Bovi'num, (¥.)  Bile ou Fiel
 ou Amer de Bauf, was once reputed  cosmetic and
 detergent,  onti-otalgic  and emmenagogue;  as
 well as to possess the power of facilitating labour.
 It has also been given as a bitter stomachic and
 anthelmintic;  and as  a tonic and  laxative, in
 cases of deficiency of the biliary secretion.
 ■  Bile op the Swine, Bilia porelna, inspissated,
 has been used in the same cases as,the bile of
 the ox.
   BIL'IARY,  Bilia'ris, Bilia'rius,  Felletta,
 (¥.) Biliaire.   That which relates to bile.
   BlL'lARY Appara'tus, B. organs,  B. passages.
 The collection of parts that concur  in  the secre-
 tion  and excretion of bile — viz., the  liver, pori
 biliari  or  tubuli  biliferi;  hepatic,  cystic,  and
 choledoch ducts, arid gall-bladder.
   Bil'iary Concre'tions are  concretions found
 in some parts of the biliary apparatus.
   Biliary  Ducts, Pori biliarii.
   BILIEUX,  Bilious.
   BILIA'TION, Bilia'tio;  from  bilia,  'bile'
 The excretion of bile; as urination means  the
 excretion of urine.
   BILIFUL'VINE; from bilia, 'bile,'  and ful-
 vua, 'reddish yellow.'   The colouring matter of
 the bile of the ox.—Berzelius.
   BILTMBI, Averrhoa bilimbi.
   BILIMBING TERES, Averrhoa bilimbi.
   BILIN, Picromel.
  _ BIL'IOUS,  Bilio'stta,  Choi'icus, Choi'his, Fel-
 lin'etia, Epich'oloa,  Picroch'oloa, Fel'leua, (¥.)
 Bilieux; from bilia, 'bile.'  That which  relates
 to bile, contains bile, or is produced by bile.  An
 epithet given to dertain constitutions and diseases,
 which are believed tp be the effect of superabun- ,
 dance of the biliary secretion;  as Bilioua tempe- '
 rament, B. symptoms, B. fever.
   BILIPH^EIN, see Bile.
   BILIS  FLUXIO, Cholera mofbus.
   BILITICUS, Cholagogue.
   BILIVERD'IN,  from bilia, 'bile,'  and viridis,
 'green.' On adding an acid to a solution of *he
 yellow colouring matter  of bile, a precipitate of
 green flocculi takes place, which possesses  all the
 properties of chlorophyll, or the green  colouring
 matter of leaves.  This is the biliverdin of Ber-
 zelius.
  BILNA, MINERAL WATERS OF, see Piillna,
  BILOCULAR, see Unilocular.
  BILUMBI BITING-BING, Malus Indica.
  BI'MANUS, from  bi and manus, 'a  hand.
 One that has two hands.  A term applied onlj
to man, because he is the sole mammiferous ani
mal that possesses two perfect hands.
  BINDER, Bandage.
  BINDERS, OBSTETRIC, see Belt, Russian.
  BINDWEED, Polygonum aviculare —b. Fid-
dle-lcaved,  Convolvulus  panduratus — b.  Great, 
BINDWOOD                128                BISMUTH
Convolvulus  sepium—b.  Hed^e,  Convolvulus |
sepium — b. Lavender-leaved, Convolvulus Can-
tahrica—b. Sea, Convolvulus soldanclla—b. Vir-
ginian. Convolvulus panduratus.
  BINDWOOD, Hedera helix.
  BINXOHUMBA, Phyllanthus urinaria.
  BINOCULAR, Bino'cula'ria: same etymon as
the next.  Relating to or affecting both eyes—as
'binocular vision'—vision with both eyes;  or from
impressions  made  upon both retinae, which are
amalgamated into single vision.
  BIXOC'ULUS, Biit'ocle, Diophthalmica Fas'-
cia, Oc'tdis dupltx, from bi and octtlus, 'an eye.'
(F.) CEH double.   A bandage applied over both
eyes.   It  was also formerly called Diophthal-
m it a.
  BIN'SICA.  A  Rabbinical term for disorder
of the mind.  According  to Van Helmont, an
atrophy of the organ  of imagination.
  BIOCHYMIA, Chymistry, vital.
  BIOD. Vis vitalis.
  BIODYNAM'ICS,  Biodynam'ica, Biodynam'-
ice,  Bioaoph'ia, from (iios, 'life,'  and  Ivvapts,
'power,' 'force.'   The doctrine of  the vital ac-
tivity or forces.
  BIOGAMIA, Magnetism, animal.
  BIOL'OGY, from (iios, 'life,' and Xoyos, 'a de-
scription.'   Tbe doctrine  of life or of living bo-
dies.—Physiology.  "Biological phenomena" are
those presented hv living bodies.
  BIOLYCH'NIONJ Biolych'nitim, from (iios,
•life,' and Au^viov,  'a lamp.'  Innate heat, vital
heat,  animal  heat.   Lych'nium,  Lychnid'inm,
 Therntum  em'phytum, Flamma  seu  Flam'mula
vita'lia seu cordia.  Also, a secret preparation of
which Begiin and Burgrave make mention.
   BIOLYSIS, see Biolytic
   BIOLYT'IC, Biolyt'icna; from Bios, 'life,'and
Xii<7tj, ' solution.'   Relating to the destruction of
life.  A  'biolytic  agent'  is  one that tends  to
biolysis,  or destruction  of life.   A depressing
agent.—Schultz.
   BIOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal.
   BION'OMY, Physiology.
   BIOPHiENOMENOLOGIA, Physiology.
   BIOS, (Itos.  Life.  Also, what is necessary for
 the preservation of life.
   BIOSOPHIA, Biodynamics.
   BIOSTATICS,  Statistics, medical.
   BIOTAX'Y, Taxon'omy, from  Bios, 'life,'and
 ra^ts, • order, arrangement' The arrangement or
 co-ordination of living organisms, according to
 their external characters.
   BIOTE, Life.
   BIOTnAN'ATI. Biaiothnn'ati,  from Bios,
 'life,' and Savaros, 'death.'  Those who  die of a
 violent death very suddenly, or as if there was
 no space between life and death.
   BIOTIC. Vital.
   BIOTICS, Physiology.'
   BIOTOMIA, Vivisection.
   BTOTOS, Life.
   BIPARI'ETAL, Biparieta'lia,  (F.)  BipariS-
 tal. from bi and parietale (os), 'the  parietal bone.'
 An epithet for the diameter of the  cranium from
 one parietal fossa to  tbe other.
   BIPARIETAL  SUTURE, Sagittal suture.
   BIPIN'NA,  from  bi,  and  pinna, 'a wing-
 feather.'  A  terra used  by the ancients  for a
 diminutive  penis, not  exceeding in  size  two
 quills.
   BIR, Thorax.
   BIRA, Cerevisia.
   BIRCH, Betula alba—b. Black, Betula lenta—
  b. Cherrv,  Betula lenta—b. Sweet, Betula lenta.
    BIRDS* BREAD, Sedum acre.
    BIRDS' NEST, Hypopitys lanuginosa.
    BIRK, Betula  alba.
    BIRTH,  Parturition—b. Cross, Presentation,
preternatural—b. Live, see Born alive—b. Plural,
see Multiparous.
  BIRTHWORT, Aristolochia—b.  Snakeroot,
Aristolochia serpentaria.
  BISCHE, Biecho.  A malignant kind of dy-.
sentery, which often prevails in the island  of
Trinidad.
  BISCUIT, Biacoc'ttts;  bis, 'twice,' and coctus,
'baked,' (F.) bis and ctn'f, 'twice  baked.'  A
kind  of dry, hard bread, or cake, which is va-
riously made; and, when without eggs or butter,
is easy of digestion.  It was formerly called Di-
pyri'tes, and Dlpyros.   Medic"inal or Med'i-
cated Biscuits, (F.) Biscuits MSdicinaux, Masse-
pains, Macarons, are occasionally made by add-
ing to biscuit paste  a  medicinal  solution  or
powder, and baking the mass.
   BISCUIT, MEAT.   An  alimentary prepara-
tion,  proposed by Mr.  G. Borden, Jr., of Texas,
which consists  in combining the matters, ex-
tracted from meat by boiling, with flour, so as to
form  biscuits; which keep well, and are of course
nutritive.
   BISCUITS MEDICINA UX, see Biscuit.
   BISERMAS, Salvia sclarea.
   BISFERIENS, Dicrotus.
   BISH, Aconitum ferox.
   BISHOP'S WEED, Ammi.
   BISLINGUA, Ruscus hypoglossum.
   BISMALVA, Althaea.
   BISMUTH,  Antimo'nium  album, Chnl'citas,
 Luna imperfecta, Stannum glacia'le seu cine'reiiiit,
 Bismu'thum, Wismu'thum, Reg'nlus of Bis'muth,
 Marcaslta,  Tin glass,  (F.)  Etain  gris, E. de
 Glace.  A metal, in spicular plates, of a yel-
 lowish-white colour; s. gr. 9.822; fusible at 400°
 Fahrenheit, and  volatilizable  at a high tempera-
 ture.  It is used only  in the preparation of the
 subnitrate.
   Bismuth, Nitrate of, Bismuth, Subnitrate of
 —b.  Oxide  of, Bismuth, Subnitrate of—b.  Oxide
 of, white, Bismuth, Subnitrate of—b.. Regulus of,
 Bismuth.
   Bismuth, Subnitrate of, Bismu'thi subni'tru
 seu Nitras, Marcasi'ta alba, Plumbum cine'reuttt,
 Magiste'rium Marcasi'ta seu  Bismttthi,  Bismu'-
 thum  Nit'ricum seu Subnit'ricum, Nitras Sttbbis-
 mu'thicum, Calx  Viamu'thi, Bismu'thum oxydula'-
 tum allium,  Bismuthum album, Subaz'otas bisinu'-
 ticus, fyride  of Bismuth,  Nitrate of Bismuth,
  White Bismuth, Trisnitrate of  Bismuth,  White
  Oxide of Bismuth, Mag"iatery of Bismuth, Pearl
  White, Spanieh  White.  (F.) Souanitrate ou som-
 azotate de biemuth, Oxide blanc  de B., Blanc de
 fard, Blanc de perle.  (Biamuth. in frustulis, *j-
 Acid nitric, f^fij. Aq. deatill. q. s.  Mix a fluid-
 ounce of distilled water with the.nitric acid, and
 dissolve the bismuth in the mixture.  When the
 solution is  complete, pour  the clear liquor into
 three pints of distilled water, and set the mixture
 by, that the powder may subside. Lastly, having
 poured off  the  supernatant fluid, wash  the sub-
  nitrate of bismuth  with distilled water, wrap it
 in bibulous  paper,  and dry with  a gentle heat
  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  considered to  be  tonic and
  antispasmodic,  and has been  chiefly  used  in
  gastrodynia.
    Bismuth,  Trisnitrate   of,  Bismuth, sub-
  nitrate of.
    Bismuth, Valerianate of, Biemu'thi  taleri-
  a'naa, Biamu'thnm  valerian'icum.   Prepared  by
  mixing a neutral solution of  oxide of biamuth in
  nitric acid, with valerianate of soda; washing,
  and  drying the precipitate.  Used in gastrodjni»,
  chronic gastralgia, neuralgia, and chronic palpi-
  tation, as a nervine. Dose, I a grain to 2  grain*
  three or four times a day, in  pill.
    Bismuth, Wiute, Bismuth, subnitrate of. 
liiSUliriil  NITRAS         129            BL^ESOPODES
  BISMUTHI  NITRAS, Bismuth,  subnitrate
of—b. Valerianae, Bismuth, valerianate of.
  BISMUTHUM. Bismuth—b. Album, Bismuthi
nubnitras—b. Nitricutn, Bismuth, subnitrate of—
b. Oxydulatum album, Bismuth, subnitrate of—
b. Subnitricum, Bismuth, subnitrate of—b. Vale-
rianicutn, Bismuth, valerianate of.
  BISPIRUS, Dipnoos.
  BISSUM, Hvdrangea arborescens.
  BISTORT, OFFICINAL, Polygonum bistorta
—b.  Virginian, Polygonum virginianum.
  BISTORTA, Polygonum bistorta.
  BISTOR TE, Polygonum bistorta.
  BISTORTIER, (¥.)  A  name  given by the
Pharmacien to a long  wooden pestle used  for
reducing soft substances to powder, and'in the
preparation of electuaries.
  BISTOURI, (¥.)  Pistorien'sia gla'diua, Scal-
pel'ltta,  Scal'peitiii, Bia'toury.   A small cutting-
 knife, used in surgery. — so called, according to
Huet, from the town of Pistori, which was for-
merly celebrated for the manufacture  of  those
instruments.  A bistoury has the form of a small
knife, and is composed of a blade and a handle.
The blade, which is most commonly  movable in
the handle, may be fixed by a button, spring, Ac.
When fixed in the handle, the bistouri is called
by the French, B. d lame fixe ou dormante.
  The chief bistouries are:—1. The straight B.
(F.) B. droit, in which  the  blade and cutting
edge are straight, the point being fine, round, or
square.   2.  The convex B. (F.) B. couvexe ; the
blade of which is convex at the  cutting  edge,
concave at the back.  3.  The concave B. (F.)
B. concave ; the blade of which is concave at its
edge, and convex at the back. 4. Blunt-pointed
 B. (F.)  B. boutonnS; the blade of which  has a
 button at its extremity.  5. The blunt or probe-
 pointed Bistoury of Pott; concave at its cut-
 ting edge, and its point blunt; so that it can be
 earned  on the palmar surface of the index finger,
 to divide the stricture, in  strangulated hernia.
 Sir  Astley Cooper has recommended a useful
 modification of this, to avoid wounding the intes-
 tine, should it come in  contact with the edge of
 the  knife.  His Bistoury has an edge of not more
 than eight lines in length, situate about five lines
 from the  point.   6. Bistouri a la lime, (F.) is
 a straight bistoury ; the blade fixed in the handle,
 the  extremity with a button, and  the edge made
 with a file.  It is chiefly used for  dilatmg parts.
 7. Bistouri Royal.  (F.) A Bistouri us&i in ope-
 rating upon Louis XIV., for  fistula in ano.  8.
 Bistouri gastrique, (F.) A complicated instru-
 ment, invented by Morand, for dilating wounds
 of the abdomen. 9. Bistouri cache, B. herniaire,
 ou Attrape-lourdaud de Biennaiae, Forcepa de-
 cepto'ria.  A curved bistouri, the blade of which
 is placed in a-canula, whence it issues on pressing
 a spring.
   The word Bietouri is used by the  French, at
 times, where we would employ knife.
   BITCH-DAUGHTER, Incubus.
   BITNOBEN,  Salt of Bitu'men, Padnoon, Sou-
 cherloon,  Khala mimuc.  A  white, saline  sub-
 stance,  which is  a Hindoo preparation of great
 antiquity, and has been supposed to be the Sal
 ns/thaltltes and Sal Sodome'nua of the ancients.
 It is used by the Hindoo in the prevention or
 cure of almost all diseases.
   BITHNIMAL'CA, Gaa'teranax. Two unmean-
 ing  words, used by Dolaeus, to designate an active
 principle supposed to have its seat in the stomach,
 and to preside over chyraification, Ac.
   BITIOS DE  KIS, Proctocace.
   BITTER, Amarus —b. Bark,  Pinckneya pu-
 bens— b. Bloom, Chironia angularis—b.  Holy,
 Hiera picra — b. Redberry, Cornus Florida—b.
 Root,  Apocynum  androsaemifolium,  Gentiana
       8
Catesbsei, Menyanthes verna—b. Sweet night-
shade, Solanum Dulcamara — b. Sweet vine, So-
lanum Dulcamara—b. Welter's, Acid, carbazotic.
  BIT'TERNESS,Amantu'rfo, Amarit'iea, Ama'-
ror, Plcrid, (¥.) Amertume.  A particular taste,
which  belongs  to  many substances.  In some
diseases there is a sense  of bitterness felt in the
mouth.
  BITTERS, COLUMBO, Tinctura Calumbae —
b. Spirit, Tinctura gentianae composita—b. Wine,
Vinum gentianae compositum.
  BITTERSWEET, Solanum dulcamara.
  BITTERWEED, Ambrosia trifida.
  BITTERWOOD  TREE, Quassia.
  BITTOS.  A disease, in which the chief symp-
tom is an acute pain in the anus.—Chomel.
  BITUME DE JUDEE, Asphaltum.
  BITUMEN,  GLUTINOUS,  Pissasphaltum —
b. Judaicum, Asphaltum—b. of Judaea, Asphal-
tum—b. Petroleum, Petrolaeum—b. Malta, Pissas-
phaltum—b. Salt of,  Bitnoben—b. Solidum, As-
phaltum.
  BIVENTER, Digastricus—b.  Cervicis, Coin-
plexus musculus—b. Maxillae, Digastricus.
  BIVENTRAL LOBE  OF THE CEREBEL-
LUM, see Lobe, biventral.
  BIXA AMERICANA, see Terra Orleana —b.
Orleana, see Terra  Orleana—b. Orellana, see
Terra Orleana.
  BLABE, Wound.
  BLACCL3S, Rubeola.
  BLACIA, Debility.
  BLACKBERRY,  AMERICAN,  see  Rubus
fruticosus—b. High or Standing, see Rubus fru-
ticosus.—b. Low, Rubus trivialis.
  BLACK BOTTLE, see Infusum Sennae.
  BLACK DOSE, see Infusum Sennae.
  BLACK DRAUGHT, see  Infusum Sennae.    i
  BLACK DROP, Guttae nigrae.
  BLACK LION.   A term given to a sloughing
syphilitic ulcer, under which the British soldiers
suffered greatly in  Portugal.
  BLACK ROOT, Aletris farinosa,  Pterocaulon
pyenostachyum, Leptandria purpurea.
  BLACKWATER, Pyrosis.
  BLACTI.&, Rubeola.
  BLADDA, Buttermilk.
  BLADDER, Urinary Bladder.
  Bladder,  Fascic'ulated.  A condition
of  the bladder in which the  interior of the
organ  is marked by strong reticulated ridges or
columns.
  Bladder,  Gall, see Gall  Bladder—b. Irrita-
ble,  Cysterethismus.
  Bladder,  Sa'c'culated.  A condition of the
bladder, in which the  mucous  coat  protrudes _
through the muscular, so as to produce a hernia,'
which may go  on increasing, so as  to form  a
vea'ical aac'culue or appen'dix veai'ca.
  Bladder, Swim, Air bladder—b. Urinary, see
Urinary Bladder.
  BLADEBONE, Scapula.
  BLADOCH,  Buttermilk.
  BLADON SPRINGS.  Mineral springs in
Alabama, about 85 miles from  Mobile, which are
said to be similar in composition to those of Selt-
zer,  Spa, and Aix-la-Chapelle,  of Europe.
  BLADUM, BIS.
  BLAEBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus.
  BLJE'SITAS, Blaaa lingua. Some authors have
used this word as synonymous with  stammering.
 See  Balbuties.  Sauvages understands  by it  a
defect in pronunciation, which  consists in substi-
tuting soft consonants for those thnt are hard;
as the  z for 3, the D for t, the s  for g and j, Ac.
Also, Lisping,  Traulia'mua, Traillotea, (¥.) BIS-
aitS, BIS (parler).
  BLiESOPODES, see Kyllosis. 
BL-ESOPUS              130          BLENNOGENOUS
  BL.ESOPUS, see Kyllosis.
  BIuESUS.  A distortion;  especially the out
ward distortion of tbe legs.   Also, a stammerer.
  BLAFARD, (¥.) Pallidua, Pallid'ultta.  This
epithet is sometimes given to the skin, when pale
Rnd dull;  but, most frequently, to the flesh of a
wound, when it has  lost its  colour, and become
white.  The word is,  also, sometimes used syno-
nymously with Albino.
  BLAIN, (Sax.) blejene, Bleine.  A pustule; a
botch ; a blister.  In  Scotland, a mark left by a
wound; the discolouring of  the skin after a sore.
—Jamieson.
  BLAK  OF THE EIE, Pupil.
  BLANC D'ARGENT, Plumbi subcarbonas—
I. de Baleine, Cotaceum — b. de CSruese, Plumbi
subcarbonas — b. de  Crems, Plumbi  subcarbonas
— b. de  Fard, Bismuth,  subnitrate of—6. de
Kreninttz,  Plumbi subcarbonas — b. de  Krems,
Plumbi subcarbonas — b. de l'(Eil, Sclerotic — b.
d'lEttf, Albumen ovi—b. de  Perle, Bismuth, sub-
nitrate of—6. de Plomb, Plumbi subcarbonas—6.
de Zinc.  Zinci oxvdum.
   BLANC-MANGER (¥.), Cibtta albna, Leuco-
 pha'givm, Leucoph'agum, Argyrotrophe'ma.  An
animal jelly, so called on account of its colour,
 combined with an emulsion of sweet almonds, to
 which sugar has been added, and some aromatic.
 It is sometimes prescribed as a nutriment in con-
 valescence and chronic diseases.
   BLANC-RAISIN, Blanc  Rhazis.
   BLANC RHAZIS, Blanc-raisin.  An ointment
 composed of cerusa, white  wax, and olive oil.
   BLANCA, Plumbi subcarbonas.
   BLANCH, from  (F.) blanch ir,  'to  whiten,
 to bleach.'   To whiten by depriving of the outer
 rind :  as ' to blanch almonds :' i. e. to peel them.
   BLANCHET, (¥.) A blanket.   A term given
 by  the  French  Pharmaciens  to  the  woollen
 strainer  through which they  filter syrup  and
 other thick fluids.  See, also, Aphthae.
   BLANCHING, Etiolation — b. of the  hair,
 Canities.
   BLANCNON  ORIBASII,  Polypodium  filix
 mas.
   BLASV An unmeaning term invented by  Van
 Helmont to  designate a kind of movement in the
 body; at times, local,—at others, under extrane-
 ous influence.  Thus, he speaks of the Bias mete-
 oros of the heavenly bodies, and the Bias huma'-
 num, that which operates in man.
   Blas Alterativum, Plastic force.
   BLASE,  (¥.) 'cloyed.'   An epithet given to
 one whom the abuse of enjoyment has prevented
 from any longer deriving satisfaction or pleasure
 from it
   BLAST, Conta'gio, (Sax.) blare, (G.) blasen,
  'to blow.'   The infection  of any thing pestilen-
  tial.  The stroke of some sudden plague.
   BLA&TE'MA, Blaste'aia, (¥.) Blastlme,  from
  BXaaravm, ' I bud.'   A germ.  The sense of this
  word, which is often used by Hippocrates, is ob-
  scure.  Castelli thinks it means the eruption of
  some morbific principle at the surface of the body.
  Also, the matrix or  general formative element of
  tissues.
    Blastema Pili, see nair.
    BLAS'TEMAL, Blaatema'lia.  Relating or ap-
  pertaining  to a blastema,—as 'blaatcmal forma-
  tions,' those that are formed from a blastema.
    BLASTOCARDIA, see  Molecule.
    BLASTODERMA, see Molecule.
    BLATTA BYZAN'TIA,  Unguis odora'tus, (¥.)
  Blatte de Byzance.   This  name seems, formerly,
  to  have been given  to a marine production  from
  some of  the Conchylia.   It had  an  agreeable
  smell, a reddish tint, and the shape of a nail.  It
  was prescribed in epilepsy, hysteria, and hepatic
  obstructions.  Rondclet affirms, that it  was the
 II production of the shell-fish murex  or purpura-
- I and that the  name B/atta is  derived  from the
  | Greek BXarros, 'purple.'
     BLAVELLE, Centaurea cyanus.
     BLA VEOLE, Centaurea cyanus.
     BLAVEROLLE, Centaurea cyanus.
     BLA WING, Swelling.
     BLAWORT, Centaurea cyanus.
     BLAZING-STAR, Chainaelirium  luteum, Li.
   atris.
     BLE, Bladum.  This word answers, in France,
   to the word Corn in  England; i. e. any kind of
   grain employed for making bread.  Wheat being
   most  commonly used for this purpose, BIS  U
   sometimes  restricted  to  this.  BIS mSteil is  a
   mixture of wheat and rye.
     BLE CORNU,Er<rot—b. d'Espagne, Zea mays
   — 6.  d'ltalie, Zea mays — b. MSteil, see BIS —
   b. Noir, Polygonum  fugopyrum — b. de Turquie,
   Zea mays.
      BLE" (PARLER,) Blaesitas.
      BLEARERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus.
      BLEACHING, Dealbation—b. Liquid, Eau de
   javelle.
      BLEAREDNESS, Lippitudo.
      BLEAR-EYE. Lippitudo.
      BLEAR-EYED, Lippus.
      BLEAR-EYEDNESS, Lippitudo.
      BLEB, Bulla.
      BLECIINON, Polypodium filix mas.
      BLECHNUM   LIGNIFOLIUM,  Asplenium
    Scolopendrium — b.  Squamosum, Asplenium ce-

      BLECHROPYRA, see Blechros.
      BLECHROPYRUS, Typhus mitior.
      BLECHROS, BXnxpos, 'weak,  feeble, slow.'
    An epithet  applied  to  different affections, and
    particularly  to fevers.  Hence Blechrop'yra,  'a
    slow fever:'  Bleehrosphyg'mia, 'a slow pulse.'
      BLECHROSPHYGMIA,  see Blechros.
      BLED, Corn—b. AvortS,  Ergot—b. Farouche,
    Ergot.
      BLEDOCH, Buttermilk.
      BLEEDING, Bloodletting, Haemorrhaeia.
      BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE, Epistaxis,
      BLEEDING HEART, .Cypripedium luteum-
    b. Boist. Cupping glass.
      BLEIB, Bulla.
      BLFJNE, Blain.
      BLEME,  (¥.)  This word has nearly the samt
    signification as Blafard.  Generally, however, i|
    includes, also, emaciation of the countenance.
      BLENCYSTORRIIEE,  Cystirrhoea.
       BLENNA, Mucus—b. Narium, Nasal mucus.
      BLENNADENI'TIS,  from  BXtvva,  'mucus,'
    a8nv, 'a gland,' and itis,  denoting inflammation.
    Inflammation of mucous follicles.
     • BLENNELYT'RIA, from BXevva, 'mucus,'and
    tXvrpov, 'a sheath.'  A discharge of mucus from
    the vagina.   Leucorrhoea.—Alibert.
       BLENNEM'ESIS.   Blennoenl esis,  Vom'itin
     pituito'sus,  from  BXevva, ' mucus,' and eptatf,
     'vomiting.'  Vomiting of mucus.
       BLENNENTERIA, Dysentery.
       BLENNISTH'MIA, from BXevva, 'mucus,' and
     taSpos,  'the gullet'  Increased flow of mucus
    from the pharynx and larynx.—Alibert.
       BLENNOCHEZIA, Diarrhoea, mucous.
       BLENNOCYSTIDES, Bursae mucosa;.
       BLENNOCYST1TE,  Cystirrhoea.
       BLENNODES, Muciform.
       BLENNOEMESIS, Blennemesis.
       BLENNOC'ENOUS, Blennog"enus, Mucifie,
   i  Mucif'icua, from BXtwa, 'mucus,' and  ytwam, '1
   I form.'  Forming or generating mucus.  Brescbel
   , and Roussel de Vauzeme describe an apparatus 
BLENNOIDES            131        BLIGHT IN  THE  EYE
of this kind for the secretion of the mucous mat-
ter  that constitutes the cuticle, composed of a
glandular parenchyma or organ of secretion situ-
ate  in  the  substance  of the true  skin, and of
excretory ducts, which issue  from  the organ,
and  deposite the mucous matter between the.
papillae.
  BLENNOIDES, Mueiform.
  BLENNOIDEUS, Mueiform.
  BLENNOMETRITIS, see Leucorrhoea.
  T'LENNOPHTIIALMIA, Ophthalmia, (puru-
lent.)
  BLENNOP'TYSIS, from BXtvva. and rrvta, ' I
spit.'  Expectoration of mucus.  Catarrh.
  BLENNOP'YRA, Blennopy'ria, from .BXtvva,
and  irvp, 'fire.'   Alibert has classed, under this
head, various fevers with mucous complications;
as Mesenteric fever, Adeno-meningeal fever, Ac.
  BLENNORRHAGIA, Gonorrhoea—b. Genita-
lium, Leucorrhoea—b. Notha, Gonorrhoea  spuria
—b. Spuria, Gonorrhoea spuria.
  BLENNORRHAG"IC, Blennorrhag"icua, (¥.)
Blennorrhagique,  from  BXtvva,  ' mucus,'  and
pnywpi, 'I break forth.' Relating or appertain-
ing to blennorrhagia or gonorrhoea.
  Blennorrhagic Epididymitis, Hernia humo-
ralis.
  BLENNORRHAGIE FAUSSE, Gonorrhoea
spuria—b. du Gland, Gonorrhoea spuria.
  BLENNORRHEE, Blennorrhoea.
  BLENNORRHINIA, Coryza.
  BLENNORRHEA,  Blennor'rhoe,  Blennor-
rhag"ia, Phlegmorrha'a, Phlegmorrhag"ia, (F.)
BlennorrhSe, from BXtvva, 'mucus,'  and pern,  'I
flow.'  Inordinate secretion and discharge of mu-
cus.  Also, Gonorrhoea.
  Blennorrhoea Chronica, (gleet,) see Gonor-
rhoea— b. Genitalium, Leucorrhoea—b. Luodes,
Gonorrhoea impura—b. Nasalis, Coryza—b. Oculi,
see Ophthalmia—b. Oculi gonorrhoica, see Oph-
thalmia—b. Oculi neonatorum, see Ophthalmia—
b. Oculi purulenta, see Ophthalmia—b. Urethralis,
Gonorrhoea, Cystorrhoea—b. Ventriculi, Gastror-
rhoea—h. Vesicae, Cystorrhoea.
  BLENNO'SES, from BXtvva, 'mucus.'  Affec-
tions of the mucous membranes.—Alibert.
  BLENNOTHORAX, Catarrh, Peripneumonia
notha—b. Chronicus, Asthma bumidum.
  BLENNOTORRHffiA, Otirrhcea.
  BLENNURETHRIA, Gonorrhoea.
  BLENNURIA, Cystorrhoea.
  BLEPHARADENITIS, Ophthalmia Tarsi.
  BLEPHARANTHRACO'SIS, Blephari-
 tis gangrano'sa,  Carbuncula'tio Oc'uli.  Gangre-
 nous inflammation of the eyelids.
  BLEPHARELOSIS, Entropion.
  BLEPHARIDES, Cilia.
  BLEPHARIDOPLASTICE, Blepharoplastice.
  BLEPHARISMUS, Nictation.
  BLEPHARITIS, (inflammation of the eyelids,)
 Ophthalmia tarsi — b. Gangraenosa, Blepharan-
 thracosis.
  BLEPHAROBLENNORRHCEA, Ophthalmia,
 purulent — b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (pu-
 rulenta infantum.)
  BLEPH'ARO-CONJUNCTIVI'TIS, Blepha-
roayndeami'tia, from BXttbapov, 'an eyelid,' con-
junetita, and itia, denoting inflammation.   Oph-
thalmia affecting the conjunctiva and eyelids.
  BLEPHARODYSCHRCE'A, from BXtipapov, the
'eyelid,' Svs, 'with difficulty,' and XP°a' 'colour.'
Discoloration of the eyelid.  Naevus of the eye-
lid.—Von Ammon.
  BLEPHARCEDEMA AQUOSUM, Hydroble-
pharon.
  BLEPHARON, Palpebra—b. Atoniaton, Ble-
pharoptosis.
  BLEPHARONCO'SIS,  Blepharon'cua,   Ble-
pharophy'ma, Palpebrarum Tumor, from  BXe<pa-
pov, 'eyelid,' and oynos, 'tumour.'   A tumour  of
the eyelid.
  BLEPHARONCUS, Blepharoncosis.
  BLEPHAROPHIMO'SIS, from BXtipapov, 'the
eyelid,' and i/tipos, 'a cord.'  Congenital diminu-
tion of the space between the eyelids.—Ammon.
See Blepharostenosis.
  BLEPHAROPTHALMIA, Ophthalmia  tarsi
—b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia—b. Purulenta,
Blepharopyorrhoea.
  BLEPHAROPHTnALMITIS  GLANDULO-
SA, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants.
  BLEPHAROPHYMA, Blepharoncosis.
  BIjEPKAB-OPLAS'TICE, Blepharidoplae'tice,
Inail'io Cilio'rum, Bleph'uroplasty, from BXtcjta-
pov, 'the eyelid,' and irXaariKos,  'forming,' 'form-
ative.' The formation of a new eyelid.
  BLEPHAROPLEGIA, Blepharoptosis.
  BLEPHAROPTO'SIS, Blephurople'gia, Caaua
palpebra superio'ris, Delap'sua  seu Prolap'stta
seu Propto'sia seu Pto'aia palpebra, Atoniaton
blepharon, from BXtipapov, 'the eyelid,' and Ttrtatris,
'fall.'  A falling down of the  upper eyelid over
the eye,  caused by a paralysis of the Levator
palpebra  euperiorie muscle.   This  paralysis  is
an  unfavorable symptom,  as it is generally con-
nected with a  state of the brain  favouring apo-
plexy or palsy.
  Blepharoptosis Ectropium, Ectropium — b.
Entropion, Entropion.
  BLEPHAROPYORRHCE'A, Blepharophthal-
mia purulen'ta, Pyorrha'a palpebra, from jSXtf-
apov,  'eyelid,'  irvov, 'pus,' and ptia, 'I flow.'  Se-
cretion of pus from the eyelids.
  Blkpharopyorrhcsa  Neonatorum, see  Oph-
thalmia (purulenta infantum.)
  BLEPHARORRHC3'A, from BXtipapov, 'eye-
lid,' and  ptia,  'I flow.'  A discharge  of mucus
from  the eyelids.
  BLEPHAROSPAS'MUS, from BXt</,apov,  'eye-
lid,' and  o-trao-pos, 'spasm.'  A  spasmodic action
or tic of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle.
  BLEPHAROSTENO'SIS, from  BXtipapov, 'the
eyelid,' and ertvoiais,  'contraction.'  Accidental
diminution of the space between  the  eyelids.—
Ammon.   See Blepharophimosis.
  BLEPHAROSYNDESMITIS,  Blepharocon-
junctivitis.
  BLEPHAROTIS, Ophthalmia tarsi—b. Glan-
dularis contagiosa, see Ophthalmia.
  BLEPHAROTITIS, Ophthalmia tarsi.
  BLEPHAROTOSIS, Ectropium.
  BLEPHAROXY S'TUM,  Blepharoxya'trum,
from  BXtipapov, 'eyelid,' and |uo>, 'I scrape.'   An
instrument used, by the ancients, for removing
callosities, which made their appearance in the
affection called, by the Greeks,  rpaxoipa.—Paulus
of iEgina, Gorraeus.
   BLEPHIL'IA  HIRSU'TA,  Ohio Horsemint,
Hairy Horsemint, from BXtaiapis, ' an eyelash,' in
reference  to its hairy fringed  bracts.  An indi-
genous plant of the Mint family, Labiatae, which
has the aromatic properties of  the Mints.
  BLESITE, Blaesitas.
  BLESSED  HERB, Geum urbanum.
  BLESSURE, Abortion. Wound.
  BLESTRIS'MUS.  Restlessness of the sick.—
Hippocrates.
  BLETA.  A word, used by Paracelsus for white
or  milky  urine, arising from  diseased kidneys.
Biota alba has the same meaning.
  BLEU DE BERLIN,  Prussian blue — b.  de
Prusae, Prussian blue.
  BLEUET DES  MO IS SONS, Cyanus  sege-
tum.
  BLEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ble^
ville  is a  village about two miles from Havre.
The waters are acidulous chalybeate.
  BLIGHT IN THE EYE, Ophthalmia, catar- 
BLIGHTS               132           BLOOD-LETTING
rhal.  Palsy of the orbicularis palpebrarum and
muscles of the eyebrow is also vulgarly called
blight.
  BLIGHTS, see Lichen urticatus.
  BLINDNESS, Caecitas —b. Colour, Achroma-
topsia—b. Day, Nyctalopia—b. Nervous, Amau-
rosis — b. Night,  Hemeralopia — b.  Snow,  see
Snow blindness.
  BLISTER, Veaicato'rium, Emplas'trwn Veaiea-
to'rium  seu Lytta,  Epiepaa'ticum, Vea'icant, Blia-
ter plaster, (F.) VSsicatoire, VSaicant.  Any sub-
stance which, when  applied to the skin, irritates
it, and  occasions a serous secretion, raising the
epidermis, and inducing a vesicle.  Various arti-
cles produce  this  effect, as cantharidea, muatard,
garou, eiiphorbium, garlic, ammonia, Ac.  Blisters
are used as counter-irritants.   By exciting a dis-
ease  artificially on the  surface, we can often re-
move another Which may be at the time existing
internally.  A perpetual  bliater is  one that is
kept open for a longer or a shorter time  by means
of appropriate dressings.
   Blister or veaication, (Prov.) Ercle, also means
the veaicle  produced by  vesicatories  or other
causes.
   Blister, Fever, see Fever blister.
   Blister, Mag"istral, (F.) VSaicatoire magia-
tral.  A  prompt means of producing vesication
recommended by  M. Valleix.  It is prepared as
follows—Take powdered cantharidea and wheat-
 flour,  of each equal parts; vinegar, a sufficient
 quantity  to form a soft paste.
   Blister Beetle, Cantharis— b. Fly, Cantha-
 ris—b. Plaster, Blister.
   BLISTERWEED, Ranunculus acris.
   BLISTERING FLY, Cantharis—b. Paper, see
 Sparadrapum vesicatorium—b. Tissue,  Sparadra-
 pum vesicatorium.
   BLISTERS, WHITE, Rupia escharotiea.
   BLITUM  AMERICANUM,  Phytolacca de-
 candra.
   BLOOD, Anglo-Saxon, bloo, from ble*>an, 'to
 bleed.'   Sanguia, Cruor, Lapis anima'lia, Hama,
 'aipa, (Old Eng.) Blede, {¥.) Sang.  An animal
 fluid formed chiefly from the chyle;  acquiring
 important properties during respiration; entering
 every organ through the circulation; distributing
 the nutritive principles to every texture, and the
 source of every secretion.  The blood is white in
 the molluscous and inferior animals, which have
 been, hence, called white-blooded, to distinguish
 them from the red-blooded, which class includes
 the  mammalia, birds,  reptiles, and fishes.  Hu-
 man blood is composed of water, albumen, fibrin,
 an animal colouring substance, a little fatty mat-
 ter—hamatela'um—and  different salts; as  chlo-
 rides of potassium and sodium, phosphate of lime,
 subcarbonate of  soda, lime,  magnesia, oxide  of
 iron, and lactate of soda, united  with  an ani-
 mal matter.  Arterial blood is of a  florid red
  colour, strong smell;  s. g. 1.049.  Venoua  blood
  is of  a  brownish red;  s. g. 1.051.   The  differ-
  ence in colour  has given occasion to the first
  being called red blood; the  latter, black.  The
  former,  which is distributed from the heart, is
  nearly the  same through its whole extent: the
  latter is the remains  of the  arterial blood after
  the different elements have been taken from it in
"  nutrition, and probably differs  in  composition.
  It likewise contains different substances absorbed.
  Venous  blood, taken  from  a vessel and left to
  itself, beconies solid, and separates into two dis-
  tinct  parts, — the  aerum or watery supernatant
  fluid; and  the cruor, coag'ulum, craaaamen'tum,
  hepar seu placen'ta aan'guinia, placen'ta cruo'ria,
  in'sula,  thrombua, or clot.  The serum is chiefly
  water, holding albumen in solution and the salts
  of the tyood.  The clot contains the fibrin, co-
  'ouring  matter—hamatoain,  a little serum,  and a
small quantity of salts.  M. Le Canu found  the
blood to be composed—in 1000 parte—of water,
785.590; albumen, 69.415 ; fibrin, 3.565 ; colour-
ing matter, 119.626;  crystallizable  fatty matter,
4.300; oily matter, 2.270; extractive matter so-
luble in alcohol and water, 1.920; albumen com-
bined with soda, 2.010;  chlorides of sodium and
potassium; alkaline phosphates, sulphates, and
subcarbonates, 7.304; 'subcarbonate  of lime and
magnesia, phosphate of lime, magnesia and iron,
peroxide of iron, 1.414; loss, 2.586.  The four
principal  components of the  blood are fibrin,
albumen, corpuscles, and saline matter.   In the
circulating blood they are thus combined—
iK™'   1 1°
lbumen, >
alts,    J
F
Albumen
Salts
 solution forming Liquor Sangui-
nis.
Red Corpuscles — suspended in the Liquor San-
guinis.

  In coagulated blood they are thus combined:

Fibrin,          \ Forming the crassamentum or
Red Corpuscles, J   clot.
Albumen, ) Remaining  in  solution,  forming
Salts,     J   serum.

  The following table exhibits the computations
of different physiologists regarding the weight
of the circulating fluid—arterial and venous.

Harvey,       1                            lbs.
Lister,
Moulins,
Abildguard,
Blumenbach,  ")
Lobb,         S-...................................................10
Lower,       j
Sprengel.......................................................10 to 1$
GUnther......................................................15 to 20
Blake.........................................................16|tol8|
Muller and Burdach..............................................20
Wagner........................................................20 to 25
Quesnai................................................................27
F. Hoffmann.........................................................28
Haller...........................................................28 to 30
Young..................................................................40
Hamberger............................................................80
Keill..................................................................100

   The proportion of arterial  blood  to venous ia
about 4 to 9.
   Much attention has been paid to the varying
condition of the blood in disease.  The average
proportion  of each of the organic elements in
1000 parts of healthy blood is as follows, accord-
ing to Le Canu, and  MM. Andral and Gavarret:
—fibrin, 3; red corpuscles, 127; solid matter of
 the serum, 80; water, 790.
   Dried  human blood was, at one time,  consi-
 dered to be anti-epileptic; that of the goat, dried,
 Sanguis hirci sicca'tus-, sudorific and  antipleu-
 retic.  The dried blood of the ox—Extrae'tm
 San'guinis Bovlni—and the dried red corpusoles
 have been given as analeptics, especially where
 there was a deficiency of red corpuscles.
   Blood, Arterial, see  Blood — b. Black, see
 Blood — b. Black, vascular system of, see Vas-
 cular.
   Blood, Casein, Globulin—b. Corpuscles, Glo-
 bules of the blood — b. Disease, Haematonosus—
 b. Disks, Globules of the  blood.
   Blood, Dried, see Blood—b. Loss of, Haemor-
 rhagia — b. Menstrual, see Menses — b. Red, see
 Blood—b. Red, system of, see Vascular—b. Spit-
 ting of, Haemoptysis—b.  Venous, see  Blood—b.
 Vomiting of, Haematemesis—b. White, Lymph.
    BLOOD CRYSTALS, Haematoidin.
    BLOODING, Blood-letting.
    BLOODLESSNESS, Anaemia
    BLOOD-LETTING, Missio seu Detrae'tis
 San'guinis,  Hamax'is,  Cataschas'mus, Blooding, 
BLOODLIKE             133                    BOE
Bleeding, (F.) SaignSe, Emiaaion sanguine.  A
discharge of a certain quantity of blood produced
by art: an  operation which  consists in making
an opening  into a vessel to drum or let blood from
it  When practised on an artery, it is called Ar-
terial amy ; on a vein, Phlebot'omy,  Venaaec'tio,
 Veneaec'tion; and on  the capillary vessels, local
or capillary, in contradistinction to the  former,
which is  termed general.  Blood-letting  is used
both during the existence of a disease, as in in-
flammation, and in  the way of prophylaxis.  It
is employed to fulfil various indications.  1. To
diminish the actual  mass of blood ; — when it is
termed, by  the French pathologists, SaignSe Sva-
cttative.  In such  case, fluids ought not to be al-
lowed too freely afterwards.  2. To diminish the
turgescence in any particular organ — (F.) Saig-
 nSe rSvulaive, Revulaive blood-letting or bleeding,
 Venaaec'tio revulao'ria, when performed far from
 the part  affected;  and  SaignSe  dSrivative, when
 near.  3. To diminish the consistence of the blood,
 (F.) SaignSe  apoliative.  The  immediate effects
 of blood-letting are: diminution of the mass of
 blood and of heat;  retardation of the pulse, and
 sometimes syncope.  Blood-letting from the veins
 —phlebotomy—is practised on  the subcutaneous
 veins of the neck, the face, the fore-arm,  and the
 leg;  sometimes  on those of the hand  or foot.
 The necessary apparatus consists of a bandage
 or riband,  a  compress of rag, and a lancet or
 fleam.
   The veins selected for the  operation, are, 1. In
 the fold  of the arm, five;—the cephalic, basilic,
 the two median, and the  anterior cubital. 2. In
 the hand, the cephalic and salvatella.  3. In the
 foot, the great and little saphena.  4. In the neck,
 the external  jugular.  5. In  the forehead,  the
 frontal.  6. In  the  mouth, the ranine.  The ope-
 ration of phlebotomy in the limbs is performed
 by tying a circular bandage round the limb, in
 order  that the  subcutaneous veins may  become
 turgid by  the  course  of the  blood  being  ob-
 structed : the bandage not being so tight, how-
 ever, as to  compress the arteries of the limb. A
 puncture is made into the vein, and the desired
 quantity allowed  to flow. The ligature is  now
 removed, and a compress and retaining bandage
 applied.  Capillary or local blood-letting, arte-
 rio-phlebot'omy, is practised   on  the skin or
 mucuous membranes, by means of leeches,  the
 lancet, or cupping.
   Blood-letting, Capillary, see  Blood-letting
 —b. Derivative, see  Blood-letting—b. Evacuative,
 see Blood-letting—b. General, see  Blood-letting
 —b. Local, see Blood-letting—b. Revulsive, see
 Blood-letting—b. Spoliative, see Bloodletting.
   BLOODLIKE, Sanguine.
   BLOOD  LIQUOR, Liquor Sanguinis.
   BLOODROOT, Sanguinaria  Canadensis.
   BLOODSHOT, Hyperaemic
   BLOODSTONE,  Haematites.
   BL00DSTROKE, Coup-de-sang.
   BLOOD  VESICLE, Globule of the blood.
   BLOOD  VESSEL, (F.) Vaisseau sangttin.  A
 vessel destined to contain and convey blood.
   Blood Vessel, breaking, bursting,  ruptu-
 ring op a.   Haemorrhagia.
   BLOODWEED, Asclepias curassavica.
   BLOODWORT, Hieracium venosum,  Sangui-
 naria Canadensis.
   BLOODY, Sanguin'ene, Cruen'ttta,  Sanguin'-
 eoue,  (¥.)  Sanguin.  Having  the  character of
 blood.  Relating to blood.  See Sanguine.
   BLOODY FLUX, Dysentery.
   BLOOM, HONEY, Apocynum androsaemifo-
 lium.
   BLOSSBURG  MINERAL SPRINGS.   The
town of Blossburg is in Tioga County, 133 miles
north of Harrisburg.  They contain pure sulphu-
ric acid;  and are astringent and tonic.
  BLOSSOM, see Grog-blossom.
  BLOTA ALBA, Bleta.
  BLOTCH, (Prov.) Splavin, Sprote.  A pustule;
more commonly, an eruption of a large kind.
  BLOW, Ictus, Plege, (¥.)  Coup.  Effect pro-
duced by one body  striking  another.  The im-
pression  made by any body which strikes us, or
against which we strike; — a common cause of
wounds, contusions, fractures, Ac.
  BLOWING SOUND,  Bruit de Souffle — b. s.
Diffused, see  Murmur, respiratory.
  BLUE-BELLS, Gentiana catesbaei.
  BLUE-BERRY,  Caulophyllum thalictroidea,
Lantana—b.  Low, Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum.
  BLUE-BONNETS, Cetaurea cyanus.
  BLUE-BOTTLE, Centaurea  cyanus, Cyanus
segetum.
  BLUE LICKS, see Kentucky,MineralWaters of.
  BLUE STONE, Cupri sulphas.
  BLUET, Centaurea cyanus.
  BLUET DES MOISSONS, Cyanus segetum.
  BLUITER, Borborygmus.
  BLUSH, see Flush.
  Blush, Cutaneous, see Efflorescence—b. In-
flammatory, Erythema.
  BLUTTER, Borborygmus.
  BOA, Boia.  An eruption of red, ichorous pim-
ples.—Pliny.  See, also, Hidroa and Sudamina.
  Boa Upas, Upas.
  B02E,  Syphilis.
  BOALA, see Scherlievo.
  BOBERRI, Curcuma longa.
  BOCHE, Swelling.
  BOCCHOE, Diosma crenata.
  BOCHET,  Bochetum.
  BOCHE'TUM, (F.) Bochet.  A term formerly
applied to the  second decoction of the sudorific
woods.  The French word has been lately revived.
  BOCHIUM, Bronchocele.
  BOCHO, Diosma crenata.
  BOCIUM,  Bronchocele.
  BOCK, Vomiturition.
  BOOKING, Eructation,  Vomiting.
  BOOKLET, MINERAL WATERS OF.  The
springs of Booklet,  in  Bavaria, are acidulous
chalybeates.
  BODY, Corpua, Soma, (F.)  Corps; from Teu-
tonic boden,  the  'fundus  or  bottom.'[?]  The
human body, (F.) Corpa humain, (Old E.) Liche,
is the  collection of organs which compose the
frame.  At times, however, body is used synony-
mously with trunk.  We say, also,  body of the
femur, of the ephenoid, Ac, to designate the shaft
or middle portion of those bones;  body  of the
uterua, Ac   Likewise, any  distinct  portion of
matter perceived by the senses. Also, the rectum.
  Body, Coming down op the, Proctocele.
  Body-Searcher, Searcher. One who formerly
examined the bodies of  the  dead to report as to
the cause of  death.   In  the  time of  the  plague
this  was done by " the chirurgeons," who weu
allowed  " twelve  pence," to be paid out of the
goods  of the party searched, if  able; otherwise,
by the parish.  Until of late, this office was exe-
cuted  in  England by two old  women — called
'searchers';  and hence  the imperfections of the
Bills of  Mortality.   In  plague times, the office
was  an important one;  and, it  is stated,  that a
noted  searcher, named Snacks, finding his busi-
ness increase so much, that he could not transact
it alone,  offered to any one who would join him
in its  hazards, half  the profits; and they  who
joined  him  were  said  to  "go  with Snacks."
Hence, the saying "to go Snacks," or to divide
the spoils.—Wadd.
  BODY-SNATCHER, Resurrectionist
  BOE, Cry. 
BOELLI                134               BONDUE
  BOELLI, Intestines.
  BOETHEMA, Medicament.
  BOG-BEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata.
  BOHON UPAS, Upas.
  BOIA, Boa.
  BOIL, Furunculus—b. Blind, see Furunculus—
b. Gum, Parulis—b. Malignant, see Furunculus—
b. Wasp's nest, see Furunculus.
  BOIS  AMER,  Quassia —6.  de  Camplche,
Haematoxylum Campechianum—6. de Cerf, Cornu
cervi — b. de  Chypre, Rhodium lignum — 6. de
Couleuvre, see Strychnos — 6. Doux, Glycyrrhiza
— b. de  Maraia,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis — b.
de Plomb, Dirca palustris—b.  Puant, Prunus pa-
dus — b.  de Roae, Rhodium lignum — 6.  de  Sap-
pan, Caesalpinia sappan — b.  Sudoriflque, Wood,
sudorific.
  BOISSE, MINERAL WATERS OF.  These
waters are situate about half a league from  Fon-
tcnay-le-Compte, in France.  They are purgative,
aud seem to contain carbonate  and sulphate of
lime and chloride of sodium.
  BO IS SON, Drink.
  BOIST, Swelling.
  BOITE, (F.)  A box or caae,  Capaa, Pyxia.
An  apparatus for the reception of any matters
which it may be desirable to  preserve.  In Sur-
gery and Anatomy,  Boitea d diaaection, B. d am-
putation, B. d  trepan, B. d cataracte, Ac, mean
the  cases containing  these various instruments.
Boite du Crane is the bony case which  receives
the  brain.  Boite  is, also,  the portion of the
stem of  the  trephine which  receives the pyra-
mid or  centre-pin.  Boite de Petit is a machine,
invented by M. Petit, to retain the fractured por-
tions of bone in apposition, when the leg has been
fractured in a complicated manner.  Boite is, also,
a kind of case put before an artificial anus to re-
ceive the faeces, which are continually being dis-
charged.  The vulgar, in France, give the name
Boite, to various  articulations,—B. de genou, B.
de la hanche;  "knee-joint, hip-joint"
  BOITEMENT, Claudication.
  BOITERIE, Claudication.
  BOITIER, (¥.) Appareil, Cap'aula unguenta'-
tia,  Capsa'rium.   A dreaaing-caae.  A box, con-
taining salves and different apparatus, used  more
particularly by the dressers in hospitals.
  BOK,  Vomiturition.
  BOKKING, Eructation, Vomiting.
  BOL,  Bolus—b. d'ArmSnie, Bole, Armenian—
6. Oriental, Bole, Armenian — 6.  Blanc, Bolus
alba—b. Rouge, Bole, Armenian.
  BOLA, Myrrha.
  BOLCHON, Bdellium.
  BOLE, Bolua, (¥.) Bol,  Terre bolaire, meant,
with the  older writers,  argillaceous  earth,  used
as an absorbent and alexipharmic.  The various
boles had different forms given to them, and  were
stamped, or sealed, hence called Terra sigillata;
as in the following :
  Bole  Arme'nian, Bole Arme'niac, B. Ar'me-
nic, Argilla ferrugin'ea rubra, A. Bolus rubra,
Sinapisia, Arena'men, Bolua Orienta'lia  seu Ar-
meniaca seu Arme'nia seu rubra, (¥.) Bol d'Ar-
mSnie ou oriental ou rouge. A red, clayey earth,
found not only in Armenia, but  in several coun-
tries of  Europe, — in Tuscany,  Silesia,  France,
Ac.  It was once esteemed a tonic and astringent,
and was applied asa styptic.  It is now, scarcely,
if ever, used.   It  consists  of argil, mixed  with
lime and iron.
  BOLESIS, Coral.
  BOLESON, Balsam.
  BO LET ODORANT, Daedalea suaveolens.
  BOLETUS  AGARICUS, B. Laricis—b. Albus,
Boletus  laricis — b. Cervinus, Elaphomyces gra-
anlatus—1). Discoideus, Daedalea suaveolens.
  Bole'tus Esculbn'tus, (F.) Morelle.   Ord.
Fungi.   An  eatable  mushroom,  found in the
woods in Europe, and much admired by Gastro-
uomea.  It was formerly esteemed to be aphro-
disiac.
  Boletus Fulvus, B. igniarius—b. Hippocrepis,
B. igniarius.
  Bole'tus Ignia'rius.   The systematic name
for the  Ag'aric,  Agar'icus,  Agar'icum of the
Pharmacopoeias,  Agar'icus   Chirurgo'rum  seu
Quercus seu  ignia'rius,  Polyp'orua  ignia'rius,
la'ca, Bole'tus ungula'tus seu fulvus seu hippo-
crepis sea obtu'sus, Spunk, Am'adou, Punk, (Prov.)
Funk, Fungus  Ignia'rius,  Fungus  Querclnus,
Agaric of the  Oak, Touchwood, Touchwood Bole-
tua, Female Agaric, Tinder, (¥.) Agaric de ehtne,
Amadouvier.    It was  formerly much  used by
surgeons as a styptic.
   Bole'tus Lar'icis, B. Lariclnua seu purgant
seu albus seu  agar'icus  seu officina'lis, Fun'giu
Lar'icia, Polyp'orua officina'lia, Agar'icua ulbut
seu Lar'icia,  A.  Albus  op'timus, White Agaric,
(F.) Agaric blanc, A. Amadouvier.  On the con-
tinent of Europe it has been given as a cathartio
and emetic, as well as to moderate the sweats in
phthisis.—De Haen.  Externally, styptic.
   Boletus Obtusus, B. igniarius—b. Officinalis,
B. laricis—b. Purgans, Boletus laricis—b. Salicis,
Daedalea  suaveolens — b. Suaveolens, Daedalea
suaveolens—b. Touchwood,  Boletus igniarius.
   BO LI MARTIS, Ferrum tartarisatum.
   BOLISMOS, Boulimia.
   BOLI'TES.   The mushroom; perhaps the
Agar'icua Aurantiacus. — Pliny,  Martial, Seuto-
nius,  Galen.    It was so called, in consequence
of its shape,—from Bolua.
   BOLLYNGE, Swelling.
   BOLNING, Swelling.
   BOLT.  Used, at times, for to swallow withou
chewing,—as to " bolt one's  food."
   BOLUS, BoiXos, Buccell'a, a morsel, a'mouth-
ful, a bole, (F.) Bol.   A  pharmaceutical prepa-
ration, having a pilular shape, but larger;  capa-
ble, however,  of being swallowed as a pill.
   Bolus  Alba,  Terra Sigilla'ta, Argilla pal-
lid'ior:—called aigilla'ta, from being commonly
made into small cakes or flat masses, and stamped
or aealed with certain  impressions.   (F.) Bol
blanc, Terre  SigillSe, Argile ochreuae pale.  It
was  used like  Bole Armenian, and was brought
from Etruria.   See Terra.
  Bolus, Alimen'tary, Bolua Alimenta'riua. The
bole formed by the food, after it  has undergone
mastication and insalivation in the mouth; and
been  collected upon the tongue prior to degluti-
tion.
  Bolus Orienta'lis.   A kind  of bolar earth,
only distinguished from Bole Armenian in being
brougbtfrom Constantinople. See Bole, Armenian.
  Bolus Rubra, Bole Armenian.
  BOMA'REA SALSIL'LA.   The  inhabitants
of Chili use this plant as  a sudorific.  It is given
in infusion in cutaneous diseases.
  BOMBAX, Gossypium.
  BOMBEMENT, Bombus.
  BOMBITATIO, Tinnitus aurium.
  BOMBUS, Au'rinm fluctua'tio, A. Sib'ilus, A.
Son'itua, A. Suaur'rua, (¥.) Bombement.  A kind
of ringing or buzzing in the ears;—characterized,
according to Sauvages, by the perception of
blows or beating repeated at certain intervals.
Also,  Borborygmus.  See Fart, Flatulence, and
Tinnitus Aurium.
  BOMBYX MORI, see Sericum.
  BON, Coffea Arabica.
  BONA. Phaseolus vulgaris
  BONANNIA OFFICINALIS, Sinanis alba.
  BONA FEVER, see Fever, Bona
  BONDUE, Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
BONE                  135             BORACIC ACID
  BONE,  Os,  OSteon,  Os'ttum,  (¥.) Os, (Sax.)
ban.  The  bones are the  solid and hard parts,
which form the  basis of the bodies of animals
of the superior classes; and the union of which
constitutes  the skeleton.  The  human body has,
at the adult age, 208  bones, without including
the 32 teeth, the ossa  Wormiana, and the sesa-
moid bones.  Anatomists divide them, from their
shape, into 1. Long bones, which  form part of the
limbs, and  represent columns for supporting the
weight of the body, or levers  of different kinds
for the muscles to act upon.  2. Flat bonea, which
form tho parietes of splanchnic cavities; and, 3.
Short bones, met with in parts  of the body where
solidity and some mobility are necessary.  Bones
are formed of two different textures ; apongy and
compact.  They  afford, on analysis, much phos-
phate and  carbonate of lime,  a  little phosphate
of magnesia, phosphate of ammonia, oxides  of
iron and manganese, some traces of alumina and
silica, gelatin, fat, and water.   The  uses of the
bones are  mentioned  under each bone.  They
give shape to the.body, contain and defend the
viscera,  and act as levers to the muscles.

            table  op the bones.
                       [Frontal.....................  1
                       ■ Parietal....................  2
Bones of
  THE
 Head.
Bones or
  THE
Trunk.
Bones of
the Up-
per lix-
IREMlTT.
Bones op
 Lower
 Kxtrb-
 urrr.
Bones of the I ™r.le.f;
 Cranium or J Occipital
Skull.
Bones of the
   Puce.
Denies,
   Tixth.
Bone of the
            (Temporal..................  2
            Ethmoid...................  1
            Sphenoid..................  1
            Superior Maxillary....  2
            Jugal or Cheek..........  2
            N'asal........................  2
            Lachrymal................  2
            Palatine....................  2
            Inferior Spongy.........  2
            Vomer......................  1
            Inferior Maxillary......  1
            Incisores...................  8
           < Cuspidati..................  4
            (Molares..................... 20
           | Hyoid.......................  1
           I Malleus....................  2
Bones of the) Incus........................  2
    Ear.   lOrbiculare.................  2
           [ Stapes.......................  2
           (Cervical....................  1
  Vertebra.  -< Dorsal...................... 12
           (Lumbar....................  5
 Sacrum.......................................  1
 Os Coccygis.................................  1
 The 77.0^. {^-:::::;;:::-::;:;;;2|
 The Pelvis......Innominatum............  2
TheShoukler.t ^vicJe.....................  \
           ^ Scapula.....................  2
 The Arm.......Humerus..................  2
           (Ulna........................  2
           \ Radius.....................  2
           (Naviculare................  2
            Lunare.....................  2
            Cuneiforme...............  2
            Orbiculare................  2
           1 Trapezium................  2
            Trapezoides...............  2
            Magnum..................  2
           (Unciforme.................  2
    Metacarpus............................... 10
    Phalanges................................ 28
The Thigh.......Femur......................  2
           (Patella.....................  2
  The  Leg.   ■< Tibia........................  2
           (.Fibula......................  2
           1 Calcis Os...................  2
            Astragalus...............  2
            Cuboides..................  2
            Nuviculare................  2
            Cuneit'orme...............  6
    Metatarsus............................... 10
  [Phalanges................................. 28 j

             Total..................... 240
  The bones of the ox, Boa Taurua, are employed
in pharmacy.
  Bose-Ach, Osteocopus — b. Ague, Osteocopus. [|
Port-arm.
%\
Carpus,
  or
 Wrist.
if
  Bone, BACK,Vertebral column—b.Bar,Pubis,os.
  Bone Black, see Carbo animalis.
  Bone, Blade, Scapula — b. Boat-like, Os sca-
phoides—b. Breast, Sternum—b.Crupper, Coccyx.
  Bone Earth, see Cornu ustum — b. Fever, see
Inflammation.
  Bone, Haunch, Ilion—b. Interparietal, Inter-
parietal bone.
  Bone Phosphate of Lime, see Cornu ustum.
  Bone, Rump,  Coccyx — b.  Share,  Pubis — b.
Splinter, Fibula.
  BONEBINDER, Osteocolla.
  BONE-DOCTOR, Renoneur.
  BONE-NIPPERS,  Osteuleum, Tenac'ula, from
teneo, 'I hold.'   (F.)  Tetiaille incisive.  An in-
strument used for cutting off splinters  and car-
tilages.  It is a  kind of forceps, the  handles of
which are strong, and  the edges, which  touch
each  other, cutting.
  B0NESET,   Eupatorium  perfoliatum — b.
Rough,  Eupatorium  teucrifolium — b. -Upland,
Eupatorium sessifolium.
  BONE-SETTER, Renoitettr.
  BONE-SHAVE, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea.
  BONES, BRITTLENESS OF THE, Fragilitas
ossium—b. Friability of the, Fragilitas ossium—
b. Salt of,  Ammonias  carbonas — b. Softening of
the, Mollities ossium.
  BONIIOMME, Verbascum  tbapsus.
  BONICLATTER, Bonnyclabber.
  B0NIFACIA,  Ruscus hypoglossum.
  BONITHLOBBER, Bonnyclabber.
  BONNE DAME, Atriplrx hortensis.
  BONNES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bonnes
is a village six  leagues  from  Pau,  in the depart-
ment Basses PyrSnSea, France.  Here  are several
thermal springs.   They were celebrated as early
as the time of Francis I., under the name  Eaux
d'Arqttebtiaade. They  contain chlorides of sodium
and magnesium, sulphates of magnesia and lime,
sulphur, and  silica. The temperature is from 78"
to 98° Fahrenheit.  *
  The factitiona Eau  de Bonnes is made of Hy-
droaulphtiretted water, f^iv; pure  water, Oj. and
f3ss; chloride of eodium,  gr. xxx; eulphate of
magnesia, gr. i.
  BONNET, Reticulum.
  BONNET A DEUX GLOBES, Bonnetd'Hip-
pocrate.
  BONNET D'HIPPOCRATE,  Cap  of Hip-
poc'ratea, 3Iitra Hippocrat'ica, Fas'cia capita'lia,
Pi'leua Hippocrat'ictta.-  A  kind of bandage,  the
invention of  which  is  ascribed to Hippocrates.
It consists  of a double-headed  roller, passed over
the head,  so as to envelop it like a  cap.   The
French also name it Bonnet d deux globes, Cape-
line de la tet.e.
  BONNYCLABBER, Clabber, from Irish, laine,
'milk,' and clabar, 'mire.'  In Ireland, sour but-
termilk.  In this  country, the thick part of sour
milk.   Boniclatter and Bonithlobber, also, meant
cream or "good milk  gone thick.'—Halliwell.
  BONPLANDIA ANGUSTURA, Cusparia fe-
brifuga—b. Trifoliata, Cusparia febrifuga.
  B0NTIA GERMINANS.Avicennia tomentosa.
  BONUS  GENIUS, Peucedanum—b. Henricus,
Chenopodium bonus Henricus.
  BONY, Osseous.
  B00C1I0, Diosma crenata.
  BOON UPAS, Upas.
  BOONA, Phaseolus vulgaris.
  BOOTIA VULGARIS, Saponaria.
  BOOTIKIN.   A glove with a  partition for tho
thumb, but no separate ones for the fingers—like
an infant's  glove—made of oiled silk.—Dr.  E. J.
Seymour.   Horace Waipole speaks  in raptures of
the  benefit  he derived from bootikins in gout.
  BORACIC ACID, Ac"idum Borac"icum, Sal
sedatltus  Homber'gi, Boric  Acid, (¥.)  Acide 
BORAGE                ?36              BOTHRION
hnracique.   An acid obtained from borax, which
was once looked  upon as sedative.  It was also
called Acor Borac"icus, Sal vitrioli narcot'icum,
Sal volat'ile Bora'cia, and Florea Bora'cis.
   BORAGE, Borasro officinalis.
   BORA'GO  OFFICINALIS, Buglos'sum  ve-
rum  seu   latifo'lium,  Borra'go,  Corra'go,  Bo-
rago horten'sis, Borage, Burrage, (¥.) Bourrache.
Ord. Boragineae.   Sex. Syat. Pentandria  Mono-
gynia.  The leaves and flowers have  been con-
sidered aperient.
   BORAS SUPERSODICUS, Borax.
   BORATHRON, Juniperus Sabina.
   BORAX, Boraa Soda seu supersat'urus soda
seu alcales'cena seu alcalliium  seu auperao'dicus,
Soda  Bibo'raa,  Subboraa  Soda  seu  na'tricum,
Soda  Boraxa'ta, Chrysocolla,  Capis'trum auri,
Subborateofprotox'ide of So'dium, Subprotobo'rate
of Sodium, Borax Ven'etue, Borax'trion, Nitrum
factl'tium, &c, Subbo'rate or Biborate of Soda,
Borate of Soda, (¥.) Borate ou Soua-bomte de
Sonde, Borate auraaturS de eottde.  It is found in
an impure state in Thibet  and  Persia.  It is in-
odorous;   taste eool,  and  somewhat alkaline;
soluble in 12 parts of water.  Borax  is  seldom
used except as a  lotion in aphthae.
   Borate op  Mercury has been recommended
 as an antisyphilitic.
   BORAXTRION, Borax.
   BORBON'IA RUSCIFO'LIA.  A small South
African shrub, used in asthma  and hydrothorax.
In decoction, it is given as a diuretic.—Pappe.
   BORBORUS,  Fimus.
   BORBORYG'MUS, from BopQopvtp,  'I make a
 dull noise.'  Murmur  seii'Bombue seu Motua In-
 teatino'rum, Anile'ma, Anile'sis, OceliopsojMia, In-
 tona'tio intestina'lis,  Murmur vcntris seu  intesti-
 na'le, Bor'borygm, (Sc.) Bluiter, Blutter,  (Prov.)
 Crolling, Growling, (¥.)Gargouillement, Grouille-
 ment d'Entrailles.  The noise  made by flatus in
 the intestines.   This happens often  in  health,
 especially in nervous individuals.
   BORD (¥.),  Margo, Edge, Margin.   Anato-
 mists have so named the boundaries of an organ.
 Thus, the bones, muscles,  <fcc. have bords as well
 as bodies.  The 'free edge,' hord libre, is one not
 connected  with  any  part;  the 'adhering edge,'
 bord  adhSrent,  one  that is connected;  and the
 bord  articulaire, or  'articular margin or edge,'
 that which is joined to another bone.
    BORD CI LI AIRE, Ciliary  margin.
    BORDEAUX,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 Near this great city, in the south-west of France,
 is a saline, chalybeate spring.  It contains oxide
 of iron, carbonate and sulphate of lime, chlorides
 of sodium and calcium, subcarbonate of soda, and
 sulphate of magnesia.
    BORE, Boron.
    BORE-TREE, Sambucus.
    BORGNE  (¥.),  Coclea,  Unoc'ulua,  Luacua,
 Luacio'aua.  One who has only one eye, or  sees
 only with  one.  The word  has been  used, figu-
 ratively, for blind, in surgery and anatomy.  See
 Caecus.
    BORIUM, Boron.
    BORKHAUSENIA CAVA, Fumaria bulbosa.
    BORN, past participle of bear, (¥.) nS.  Brought
 forth from the womb.
    Born Alive.   It has been decided by  English
'•judges, that 'to be born alive,' means, that acts
 of life must have been manifested after the whole
 body has been extruded;  and that respiration in
 tranaitu  is not  evidence  that a child was born
 alive.  It must be ' wholly born  alive ;' hence
 respiration may be a sign of life, but not of live
 birth.
    BORON, Bo'rium, Borum, (F.) Bore. A simple
 substance, the basis of boracic acid; obtained, by
 heating potassium with boracic acid, as  a dark,
 olive-coloured powder, devoid of taste and smell.
 Heated in the air  or  in oxygen, it is converted
 into boracic acid.
   BOR'OSAIL, Zael.  Ethiopian  names for a
 disease, very  common there, which  attaoks the
 organs of generation,  and  appears  to have con-
 siderable analogy with syphilis.
   BORRAGO, Borago officinalis.
   BORRT, Curcuma longa.
   BORRIBERR1, Curcuma longa.
|   BORSE, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Borse ii
 a village in Beam.  The waters are chalybeate.
   BORUM, Boron.
   BOSA.  An ^Egyptian name for a mass, made
 of the meal of darnel, hemp-seed, and water.  It
 is inebriating.—Prospero Alpini. At the present
 day, it is  applied  to  a kind of acidulated and,
 sometimes, fermented scherbet.  In its common-
 est form, it is made by fermenting an infusion of
 millet-seed.   A more  agreeable Bosa is prepared
 by  the Egyptians from tamarinds and  honey;
 and by the Greeks from the fruit of Solanum Ly-
 copersicum.   This last is called, by them, Apomo-
 tikov, Droaia'ticon.
   BOSCH ESJESMANSTHEE,  Methystophyl-
 lum glaucum.
   BOSOM, see Mamma.
   BOSSA, Plague token.
   BOSSE,  Hump,  Protuberance — 6.  Nasals,
 Nasal protuberance.
   BOSSU, see Hump.
   BOSWELLIA SERRATA, see Juniperus lycia
 —b. Thurifera, see Juniperus lycia.
   BOTAL FORA'MEN,  Fora'men Bota'li seu
 Botallii,  Fora'men  Ova'le, (F.)  Trou de Bo-
 tal,  Trou ovale.  A large  opening which exists
 in the foetus in the  partition  between  the two
 auricles of the heart; and  by means of which
 the  blood passes  from one to  the other.   Its
 discovery is  generally attributed to Leonard Bo-
 tallus, Botal, or Botalli, who wrote in 1562.  It
 was spoken  of, however,  by Vesalius, and even
 by Galen.
    BOTANE, Herb.
    BOTANICAL DOCTOR,  Herb-doctor.
    BOTANIQ UE MEDIC ALE, Botany, medical.
    BOT'ANY,  MEDICAL,  Botan'ica  Med'ica,
 Medicina Botan'ica, Phytolog"ia  Med'ica, from
 (ioravn, 'an herb,' (F.) Botanique MSdicale.  The
 knowledge of  the  properties, characters, <fcc. of
 those vegetables which are used in medicine.
    BOTAR'GO, (F.)  Botargue.   A preparation
  made in Italy and the south of France, with the
  eggs and blood of  the Mugilceph'alus or Mullet,
  strongly salted, after it has become putrescent.
  It is used as a condiment.
    BOTARGUE, Botargo.
    BOTCH, (I.) Bozza.  Of old, a swelling of the
  skin.   A phlegmon.  A large ulcerous affection.
    BOTHOR.  An Arabic term for abscess in the
  nares.  It  means,  also,  a  tumour in general;.
  especially those which are  without solution of
  continuity.
    BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS,  B. latns,  Bothrio-
  ceph'atiem,from BoQptov, 'a small pit,' and Kt^aXa,
   ' head.'  Botrioceph'alus,   Diboth'rium  latum,
   Ta'nia lata  seu vulga'ris seu os'culis lateralibtut
  gem'iuis seu grisea seu membrana'cea seu tenel'la
  seu denta'ta seu huma'na iner'mis seu prima tea
  os'culis lateralibua aolita'riia seu  nceph'ala seu
  oaculia euperficialibua, Lumbri'cus lattta, Plote'a,
  Haly'aia membrana'cea seu lata, (¥.) TSnia d on-
  neaux courts ou non  armS,  Ver solitaire, Broad
   Tape-worm.    Common in  Switzerland,  Russia,
  and some parts of France.  It inhabits the intes-
  tines of man, and extends to an enormous length.
  A broken specimen has been obtained  60 yardl
 long.—GoSze.
    BOTH'RION, Both'rium, from Bo§piOV, 'a smaH 
BOTHRIUM              137           BGURBON-LANCY
pit, cavity,' Ac.  An alveolus, or small fossa.  A
small, deep ulcer on the cornea.—Galen, Paulus
of jEgina.  See Foaaette.
  BOTHRIUM, Bothrion, Fosaette.
  BOTHROS, Fovea.
  BOTIN. Terebinthina.
  BOTIUM. Bronchocele.
  BOTOTHINUM.  An  obscure Herm, used by
 Paracelsus to denote the most striking symptom
 of a disease:—the Floa morbi.
  BOTOU, Pareira brava.
  BOTRIOCEPHALUS, Bothriocephalus.
  BOTRION, Alveolus.
   BOTROPHIS SERPENTARIA, Actaea race-
 mosa.
   BOTRYS, Chenopodium botrys, see Vitis vini-
 fera — b. Ambrosioides, Chenopodium ambrosio-
 ides— b. Americana, Chenopodium a'mbrosioides
 —b. Anthelmintica, Chenopodium anthelminti-
 cum—b. Mexicana, Chenopodium ambrosioides.
   BOTTINE (¥.).  A thin boot or buakin, O'crra
 le'vior.  An instrument which resembles a small
 boot, furnished with springs, straps, buckles, Ac,
 and used to obviate distortions of the lower ex-
 tremities in children.
   BOTTLE-NOSE, Gutta rosea.
   BOTTLE-STOOP.  In Pharmacy,  an arrange-
 ment  for giving the proper inclination to a bottle
 containing a powder, so as to  admit  of the con-
 tents  being readily removed by the knife, in dis-
 pensing medicines.   It  consists of  a block  of
 wood  with a groove in the upper surface, to re-
 ceive  the bottle in an oblique position.
    BOTTOM, Nates.
    BOTTRY-TREE, Sambucus.
    BOUBALIOS, Momordica elaterium, Vulva.
    BOUBON, Bubo.
    BOUCAGE ANIS,  Pimpinella anisum —6.
  Majeur,  Pimpinella magna—b. Minettr, Pimpi-
  nella  saxifraga—b. Petit, Pimpinella saxifraga.
    BOUCHE,  Mouth —6.  Pdteuae,  Clammy
  mouth.
    BOUCLEMENT, Infibulation.
    BOUE, see Corruption.
    BOUE SPLENIQUE. The altered blood ex-
  travasated into tbe  splenic cells has  been so
  called.
    BOUES DES  EAUX (¥.), Bouea MinSralea,
  Balnea  Cceno'aa.   The  mud  or  swamp, formed
  near  mineral springs, impregnated with the sub-
  stances contained  in  such  springs, and conse-
  quently possessing similar properties. Thei?oue8
  are applied generally and topically, in France, at
  the springs  of  St. Amand, Bagneres de Luchon,
  Bagnols, and Bareges; in the United States, at
  the White Sulphur in Virginia, Ae.
    BOUES MINERALES,  Bouea des eaux.
    BOUFFE, (F.)  The small eminence, formed
  by the junction of the two lips.—Delaurens.
    Boupfe, Eructation.
    BOUFFEE DE CHALEUR, Flush.
    BOUFFISSURE, Puffiness.
    BOUGIE, (¥.)  A wax candle:  Candelula,
  Cande'la, C. ce'rea seu medica'ta, Ce'reum medi-
  ea'tum, Cere'olus Chirurgo'rnm, Da'dion, Specil-
  lum ce'reum, Virga ce'rea, Cere'olus.  A flexible
  cylinder, variable  in size, to  be introduced into
  the urethra, oesophagus, rectum, Ac, for the pur-
  pose  of dilating  these canals, when contracted.
  A Simple Bougie is composed of solid and inso-
  luble substances; as  plaster, elastic gum, gutta
  percha, catgut — (Bougie de Corde d boyau,) Ae.
  It acts of course only mechanically.
    Bougie. Med'icated, (F.) B. MSdicamenteuae,
  has the addition of some escharotic  or other sub-
  stance to destroy the obstacle;  as in the Caustic
  Bougie, (¥.) B. eautSriaante, B. armSe.B. emplas-
  tique, which has a small portion of Lunar Caus-
tic or Common  Caustic inserted in  its extremity.
Ducamp has recommended a Bougie, which swells
out near its extremity, for the better dilating of
the urethra.   This  he calls B. d ventre.   The
metallic Bougie, invented by Smyth, is a compo-
sition of metal, allowing of great flexibility; and
a hollow Bougie  is one with a channel running
through it, to be used in the same manner as the
catheter, or otherwise.
  Bougie, Uterine, Sound,—uterine.
  BOUILLIE, (¥.) Piiltic'itla, Pap, from (F.)
boiiillir, 'to boil.'  Flour, beaten and boiled with
milk.  It  is a  common food for infants.
  BOUILLON, (¥.) from bouillir, 'to boil,' Jia>,
Sorbil'io.  A  liquid food,  made  by  boiling the
flesh of animals  in water.  The osmazoine,  gela-
tin, and soluble salts dissolve ; the fat melts, and
the albumen coagulates.  Bouillon is nourishing,
owing to the gelatin and osmazoine.  Tbe Jus de
 Viande is a very concentrated Bouillon, prepared
of beef, mutton, veal, Ac.
  BOUILLON, in common language, in France-,
means a  round  fleshy  excrescence, sometimes
seen in the centre of a venereal ulcer.
  BOUILLON BLANC, Verbascum nigrum.
   BOUILLONS  MEDICINAUX ou  PHAR-
MACEUTIQUES, Medicinal or Pharmaceutic
Bouillons, contain infusions or decoctions of me-
dicinal herbs.  The Bouillon aux herbea is gene-
rally composed of aorrel or beet.
   BOUILLON d'OS, (¥.) Bouillon jrom bonea,
is obtained by treating bones with muriatic acid,
in  order to dissolve the earthy parts.  The  gela-
tin, which remains, is then boiled  with a  little
meat and vegetables.—D'Arcet.  Bouillon, how-
ever, can be easily obtained from the bones of
roast meat by simple coction.
   BOUILLONNEMENT, Ebullition.
    BOUIS, Buxus.
   BOULE D'ACIER, Ferrum tartarizatum—b,
de Mara, Ferrum tartarizatum — b. de Molsheim,
Ferrum tartarizatum — b. de Nancy,  Ferrum tar-
tarizatum.
   BOULEAU COMMUN, Betula alba.
   BOULESIS, Voluntas.
   BOULIM'IA,  Bulim'ia,  Bulim'ius, Bu'limus,
 Bou'limoa, Bulimi'aaia, Bolia'moa, Eclim'ia, Fames
 cani'na seu bovlna seu  luplna, Appeti'tua cani-
 nua, Appeten'tia cani'na, Adepha'gia, Cynorex'in,
 Orex'ia cyno'dea, Bupi'na, Bupei'na, Phaga'na,
 Phageda'na,  from  Bovs,  'an  ox,' and  Xipos,
 ' hunger;' or from /Sou, augmentative particle, and
 Xipos, 'hunger,'  (¥.) Boulimie, Faim canine, F.
 dSvorante, Polyphagie.   An almost insatiable
 hunger.  A  canine appetite.  It is sometimes
 seen in hysteria and pregnancy;  rarely under
 other circumstances.
    BOULIMIE, Boulimia.
    BOULOGNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 Boulogne is in the department of Pas-de-Calais,
 France.  The waters are chalybeate.
    BOUNCING BET, Saponaria.
    BOUND, Costive.
    BOUNTREE, Sambucus.
    BOUQUET ANATOMIQUE DE RIOLAN,
 (¥.) from bouquet, a collection of flowers or other
 substances tied  together. A name given, by some
 anatomists, to  the  collection of ligaments and
 muscles,  inserted into the styloid process of the
 temporal bone.
    Bouquet Fever, Dengue.
    BOURBILLON, see Furunculus  (core).
    BOURBON-LANCY, MINERAL WATERS
 OF.  Bourbon-Lancy is a small village  in  the
 department  of  Sa&ne-et-Loire,  France;  where
 there are thermal saline springs, containing car-
 bonic acid, chloride  of  sodium, and sulphate of
 soda, chloride of calcium, carbonate of lime, iron* 
BOURBON L'ARCHAMBAUT    13
n-,d  silica.  Their heat is from 106°  to 135°
Fahrenheit.
  BOURBON  L'ARCHAMBAUT,  MINERAL
WATERS OF.   This  town is in the department
of Allier,  six leagues  west  from Moulins. and
has been long celebrated for its  thermal  chaly-
beate waters.  They contain sulphohydric acid,
sulphate of soda, magnesia, and lime, carbonate
of iron,  and • silica.  Their temperature varies (
between 136° and 145° Fahrenheit.
  BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS,  MINERAL
WATERS OF.   These springs are seven leagues
from  Langres,   department of  Haute-Marne,
Frauee.  They are thermal and saline, and have
been  long celebrated.  Temperature from 106°
to 133° Fahrenheit.   The Factitious  water, (¥.)
Eau de Bourbonne-les-Biiina, Aqua Borvonen'sia,
is composed of water, containing twice its bulk
of carbonic  acid, f^xxss;  chloride of eodium,
f^j, chloride of calcium, gr. x, Ac.
  BOURBOULE,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
A village  near  Mont  d'Or, where there are  two
thermal saline springs.
   BOURDA/NE, Rhamnus frangula.
  BOURDONNEMENT, Tinnitus aurium.
  BOURDONNET, Pulvillus, P. e linamen'tis
confec'tus seu rotuildus. Dossil. A term in French
surgery for charpie rolled into a small mass of
an olive shape, which is used for plugging wounds,
absorbing  the  discharge,  and  preventing  the
■nion of their edges.  In cases of deep and pene-
trating wounds, as of the abdomen or chest, a
thread is attached  to them by which they  may
be readily  withdrawn, and be  prevented from
passing altogether into those cavities.
   BOURGENE, Rhamnus frangula.
   BOURGEON, Granulation, Papula—b. Char-
 *u,  Granulation.
   BOURGEONNEMENT, see Generation.
   BOURGEONS,  Gutta rosea.
   BOURGUEPINE, Rhamnus.
   BOURRACHE,  Borago officinalis.
   BOURRELET  (¥.) A  Pad, a  Border.  A
 fibro-cartilaginous border, which  surrounds  cer-
 tain articular cavities, such  as the glenoid cavity
 nf the scapula and the acetabulum ; by which the
 depth of  those cavities is augmented.   See  Cor-
 pus Callosum.
   BOURRELET ROUL&, Cornu ammonis.
   BOURSE  d.BERGER, Thlaspibursa—6. d
 Pasteur, Thlaspibursa,
   BOURSES (LES), Scrotum—6.  Mucilagi-
 neusea, Bursae  mucosae — b.  Muqueuaea, Bursae
 mucosa?.
  • BOURSOUFLURE, Puffiness.
   BOURTREE, Sambucus.
   BOUSSOLE, Glossanthrax.
   BOUT DE SEIN (¥.), 'End  of the breast,'
 'nipple.'  An instrument of caoutchouc  or ivory
 to place  over  the  nipple when the infant sucks,
 soon  after delivery, or where  the  nipple is  in a
 morbid condition.
   BOUTON, Papula—6. d'Alep,  see Anthrax—
  6.  Mulin,  see  Anthrax — 6.  d'Or, Ranunculus
  acris.           v
   BOUTONNIERE (¥.),  Fiaau'ra, Incia'io.  A
  long incision made  into  the urethra to extract a
  calculus  from  the  canal, when  it is too large to
  be  discharged.
    Also, a small incision or puncture, made in the
  peritoneum, or above the pubis, to penetrate the
  bladder in certain cases of retention of urine.
    BOVACHEVO, Datura sanguihea.
    BOVILL.E, Rubeola.
    BOVISTA,  Lycoperdon.
    BOWEL, Intestine.
    BOWLEGGED, see Cnemoscoliosis.
BRACHIOCYLLOSIS
  BOWMAN'S CAPSULE, see Kidney.
  BOWMAN'S ROOT, Euphorbia corollata, Gil.
leuia trifoliata, Leptandria purpurea.
  BOXBERRY, Gaultheria.
  BOX, MOUNTAIN, Arbutus uva ursi.
  BOX TREE, Buxus, Cornus Florida.
  BOXWOOD, Cornus Florida.
  BOYAU, Intestine—b. Pollinique, see  Pollen.
  BRABYLON, Prunum Damascenum.
  BRACHERIOLUM, Truss.   .
  BRACHERIUM, Truss.
  BRACHIA COPULATIVA, see  Peduncles  of
the Cerebellum.
  BRACHIA PONTIS, see  Peduncles  of  the
Cerebellum.
  BRACHLrEUS, Brachial —b. Internus, Bra-
chialis anterior.
  BRA'CHIAL,  Brachin'lia,  Brachia'ua, from
Brachium, 'the arm.'  What belongs to the arm.
  Brachial  Aponeuro'sis.   An  aponeurosis,
formed particularly by expansions of the tendons
of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and del-
toides muscles, and which completely envelops
the muscles of the arm.
   Brachial Artery, Arte'ria brachia'lie, Ihi'-
meral Artery, (¥.) Artlre ou  TVomc brachial.
The artery, which extends from the axilla to the
bend of the elbow ; where it divides into A. eubi-
 talie  and A. radialia.  It passes along the inter-
nal edge of the biceps, behind the median nerve
 and  between the accompanying veins.  Under
 the  name Brachial Artery, Chaussier includes
 the  subclavian,  axillary, and  humeral, the  last
 being the brachial proper.
   Brachial Muscle, Anterior, Mus'cuius Bra-
 chiaHia Ante'rior, Brachia'lia internus seu anti'-
 ctia, Brachia'ua,  B. intemua, (F.) Muscle brachial
 interne,  HumSro-eubital — (Ch.)  This muscle is
 situate at the anterior and inferior part of the
 arm, and before the elbow-joint. It arises, fleshy,
 from the middle of the os humeri, and is inserted
 into  the  coronoid process of the ulna.   Use, To
 bend the fore-arm.
   Brachial Plexus,  Plexus Brachia'lia, is a
 nervous plexus,  formed by the interlacing of the
 anterior  branches of the last four cervical pairs
 and  the  first dorsal.  It is deeply seated in  the
 hollow of the axilla, and extends as far as  the
 inferior and lateral part of the neck.  It gives
 off the thoracic nerves, supra  and infra scapular,
 and  the brachial (which are six in number), th*e
 axillary, cutaneous,  musculocutaneous,  radial,
 cubital, and median.
   Brachial Veins are two in number, and ac-
 company the  artery, frequently  anastomosing
 with each  other: they terminate in the axillary,
 Under the  term Brachial Veins,  Chaussier in-
 cludes the humeral, axillary,  and subclavian.
   BRA CHI ALE, Carpus.
   BRACHIAL'GIA, Neuralgia  Brachia'lia,
 from Bpaxiwvt 'the arm,' and aXyos, 'pain.'   Pain
 in the arm, neuralgia of the arm.
   BRACHIALIS, Brachial—b. Anticus, Brachial
 muscle—b. Externus, see  Triceps extensor cubiti
 —b. Internus, Brachial muscle.
   BRACHIERIUM, Truss.
   BRACHILE, Truss.
   BRACHILUVIUM, Bath,  arm.
   BRACHIO-CEPHALIC ARTERY,  Innomi-
 nata arteria—b. Veins, Innominatae venae.      '
   B R A'C HIO-C U'B IT A L, Brachio-cubita'lit.
 That which belongs both to the arm  and cubitus.
 This name has been given to the internal lateral
 ligament of the elbow-joint; because it  is at-
 tached  to the os brachii or os humeri and to the
 cubitus or ulna.
    BRACHIOCYLLO'SIS, from  BpaXii*v,  'the
  arm,' and tcvXXuot$, ' the act of making crooked.' 
BRACHION             139                  BRAS
Curvature of the arm inwards.  Paralysis or loss
of power from curvature of the arm.
  BRACHION, Brachium.
  BRACHION'CUS, from BpaXw,  'the  arm,'
and oyKos. 'a swelling.'   A tumour of the arm.
  BRA'CmO-RA'DIAL,Brncfi»'o-rr«t/,'«7i'«. That
which belongs to the brachium and radius.  This
name has been applied to the external lateral
ligament of the elbow-joint, because it is attached
to the humerus  and to the radius.  See Supinator
radii longus.
  BRACHIORRIIEU'MA, Rheumatia'mue bra'-
cliii, from (ipaxiw, 'the arm,' and f>tu/<u, 'deflux-
ion, rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the arm.
  BRACIIIOT'OMY, Brarhiotom'ia, from  (ipa-
\tn>v, 'arm,' and ropn> 'incision.'  Amputation of
the arm.
  BRACHIROLUM, Truss.
  BRA'CHIUM, Bra'chion, Lacer'ttte, (¥.) Braa,
' the arm.' The arm from the shoulder to the wrist,
or the part between the shoulder and elbow.  See
Humeri Os.
   Bra'chium  Ante'rius.  A  rounded process,
which  passes from the anterior pair of the cor-
pora quadrigemina (natea)  obliquely  outwards
into the thalamus opticus.
   Bhachium Movens Quartus, Latissimus dorsi.
   Bka'chium Poste'rius.   A rounded process,
 which  passes from the posterior pair of the qua-
drigemina (testea)  obliquely  outwards  into  the
optic thalamus.
   BRACHUNA, Nymphomania, Satyriasis.
   BRACHYAU'CHEN, from Bp„Xvs, ' short,' and
nvxnv,  'neck.'   One who has a short neck.
   BRACHYCEPH'AL^] (Gentes), 'shortheads,'
from Bpaxvs,  'short,' and KtipaXn, 'head.' In the
classification  of Retzius, those nations of men
 whose cerebral lobes do not completely  cover the
 jerebellum—as the Sclavonians, Fins,  Persians,
 Turks, Tartars,  Ac.
   BRACHYCHRON'IUS, from BpaXvs, 'short,'
 and XP0V°S' 'time.'   That which continues but a
 short time.  A  term applied  to  diseases  which
are of  short duration.—Galen.
   BRACHYGNA'THUS, from BpaXvs, 'short,'
and yvados, 'the under jaw.'  A monster with too
short an under jaw.—Gurlt.
  BRACHYNSIS,  Abbreviation.
   BRACHYPNCEA, Dyspnoea.
• BRACIIYP'OTI,  from  BpaXvs,  'short,' and
xorns, 'drinker.' They who  drink little, or who
drink rarely.   Hippocrates, Galen, Foesius.
  BRACHYRHYN'CHUS, from  BpaXvs, 'short,'
and pvyxos, 'snout.'  A monster with too short a
nose.
   BRACHYSMOS, Abbreviation.
   BRACING, Corroborant.
   BRACKEN,  Pteris aquilina.
  BRADYiESTHE'SIA, from BpaSvs, 'difficult,'
and ataRnots- 'sensation.'   Impaired sensation.
  BRADYBOLISMUS, Bradyspermatismus.
  BRADYECOIA, Deafness.
  BRADYLOG"IA, Dysla'lia;fromBpahvs, 'diffi-
cult.'and Xoyos,  'a discourse.'  Difficulty of speech.
  BRADYMASE'SIS,  Bradymasse'sis,  impro-
perly  Bradymnste'sis,  Manduca'tio  dijfic"ilia,
from Bpa&vs,  'difficult,'  and  paanats,  'mastica-
tion.'  Difficult mastication.  See Dysmasesis.
  BRADYMASTESIS. Bradymasesis.
  BRADYPEP'SIA, Tarda  cibo'rum concoc'tio,
from (ipabis, 'slow,' and  trtirru), 'I digest.'   Slow
digestion.—Galen.   See Dyspepsia.
  BRADYSPEKMATIS'MUS,  Bradybolia'mus,
Ejaciila'tio sem'inis impedi'ta, Dyspermatis'mua,
from (ipaSvs, 'slow,' and axtppa, 'sperm.' A slow
emission of sperm.
  BRADYSU'RIA, Tenes'mus vesica,  (F.) TS-
Hesnie vSsical, from Boaivs, 'difficult,' and ovpetv,
'to pass  the urine.'  Painful evacuation of the
urine, with perpetual desire to void it.   Dysuria.
  BRADYTOCIA, Dystocia.
  BRAG'GET, Braggart,  Bragwort.   A name
formerly  applied to  a tisan of honey and watejr,
See Hydromeli.
  BRAI LIQUIDE, see  Pinus sylvestris — b.
Sec, Colophonia.
  BRAIN, Cerebrum—b. Fag, see Nervous  dia-
thesis.
  Biiain,Little, Cerebellum.
  Brain  Pan, Cranium—b.Sand, see Pineal gland.
  BRAINE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Braine
is a small  village, three leagues from  Soissons,
France, which has  purgative waters similar  to
those of  Passy.
  BRAIRETTE, Primula veris.
  BRAKE, COMMON, Pteris Aquilina—b. Rock,
Polypodium vulgare, Polypodium incanum.
  Brake Root, Polypodium vulgare.
  BREAKING, Vomiting, Vomiturition.
  BRAMBLE, AMERICAN HAIRY, see Rubus
fruticosus—b.  Common,  Rubus fruticosus.
  BRAMBLE-BERRIES, see Rubus fruticosus.
  BRAN, Furfur.
  BRANC-URSINE BATARDE, Heracleum
spondylium.
  BRANCA GERMANICA, Heracleum spondy-
lium — b.  Ursina, Acanthus mollis — b. Vera,
Acanthus mollis.
  BRANCH, from (F.) Branche, originally,  pro-
bably, from Bpaxiwv, 'an arm,' [?] because branches?
of trees,  Ac, go off  like arms.  A term applied,
generally, to the principal division of  an artery
or nerve.   The word is commonly used synony-
mously with Ramus y but often, with the French,
Branche  signifies the great  division ;—Rameau,
Lat. Ramus,  the  division of the branches ;  and
Ramnscules, Lat. Ramusculi, the  divisions of
these last.
  The French, also, speak of the branches of the
pubis for the Rami of that bone, branchea of tho
ischium for the rami of the ischium, Ac.
  BRANCHES DE LA MOELLE  ALLON-
GEE (PETITES), Corpora restiformia.
  BRANCHI, Brancha.  Swellings of the  ton-
sils, or parotid, according to some;—of the  thy-
roid gland, according to others.
  BRAN'CHIA, (Gr.) BpayXia.  The gills or re-
spiratory organs of fishes, corresponding to the
lungs of  terrestrial animals.
  BRANCHUS, (ipayxos, Raucr'do.  A catarrhal
affection  of the mucous membratis of the fauces,
trachea, Ao.—Galen.  Hoarseness.
  BRANCI, Cynanehe tonsillaris.
  BRANCIA, Vitrum.
  BRANDWINE, Brandy.
  BRANDY,  (G.) Branntwein,   Dutch,
Brandwijn,  'burnt wine,' (Old Eng.) Brand-
wine.   Vinum adua'tum seu crema'tttm, Aqua
Vita, (¥.)  Spir'itue vini Gallici,  (Ph. U. S.)
Spir'itna Gallicua, Eau de vie, (S.)  Aguardiente.
The first liquid product obtained by distilling
wine.  It is composed of water, alcohol, and an
aromatic  oily matter, which  gives it its flavour.
Brandy is  a powerful and  diffusible stimulant,
and  as such is used in  medicine.  It has been
also called  Liquor Aquile'giua.   See Spirit.
  Brandy, Apple, see Pyrus malus—b. Egg, see
Ovum.
  Brandy-Bottles, see  Nymphaea lutea.
  Brandy-Face, Gutta rosea.
  BRANKS, Cynanehe parotidaea.
  BRANKURSINE, Acanthus mollis.
  BRANNTWEIN, Brandy.
  BRAS.   See Oryza.
  BRAS, Brachium—6. du Cervelet, Corpora rc»-
tiformia. 
BRASDOR'S  OPERATION     140
BREGMA
  BRASDOR'S  OPERATION  FOR  ANEU-
RISM.  An operation by ligature, proposed by
Brasdor, which consists in the application of the
ligature on the distal side of the tumour.
  BRASEGUR, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
Brasegur  is a place in the  diocese of Rhodez,
where there are cathartic waters.
  BRASENIA, B. Hydropeltis.
  Brase'nia Hydropel'tis, Brase'nia, B. Pel-
ta'ta, Ht/dropeltis purpu'rea, Gelatina aquat'ica,
Frorjleaf,  Little Water  Lily,  Water Jelly, Water
shield, Water target, Deetfood.  An indigenous
plant, Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae, Sex. Syst. Poly-
andria Polygynia,  flourishing from Kentucky to
Carolina and Florida; and covering  the surface
of ponds,  marshes, Ac.  The fresh  leaves are
mucilaginous, and have been used in pulmonary
complaints, dysentery,  Ac, like Cetraria.
  Brasenia Peltata,  B. Hydropeltis.
  BRASH, (Sc), of uncertain etymology.  A
transient  attack of sickness.  A bodily indispo-
sition.—Jamieson.  A rash  or eruption. (Prov.
West of England.)
  Brash, Water, Pyrosis,
  Brash,   Weaning,   (Sc.)  Speaning   braah,
Atroph'ia  Ablactato'rum.   A  severe  form  of
diarrhoea, which supervenes at times  on weaning.
Tbe Maladie de Cruveilhier appears to be a simi-
lar affection.
   BRASILETTO, see Caesalpinia.
.  BRASIUM, Malt.
   BRASMOS, Fermentation.
   BRASS, Sax.  Dnar, Welsh, pr<Ss.  Aurichal-
 cum, properly,  Orichal'cum, ('mountain  brass,'
from opos,  'a mountain,'  and xa^K0S> 'brass.')
 Chrysochalcos,  Chalcoa, Eaecavum, (¥.)  Airain.
A yellow metal, formed by mixing  copper with
calamine.  The same general remarks apply to it
 as to copper.  See Cuprum.
   BRAS'SICA, Crambe, B. olera'cea seu capita'-
 ta  seu  cuma'na of the old Romans.  The Cab-
 bage, (F.) Chou potager. Order, Cruciferae.  Sex.
 Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliquosa,    Cato wrote a
 book  on  its virtues.   It  is a vegetable  by no
 means  easy of digestion when boiled;  when raw,
 it appears to be more digestible.   When forming
 a solid globular mass, like a head, it is the B.
 Capita'ta, (¥.) Chou-Cabus, Chou PommS.
   Brassica  Canina,  Mercurialis perennis — b.
 Capitata, Brassica—b. Cumana, Brassica.
   Bras'sica Eru'ca, B. hia'pida, Eru'ca, E.foe'-
 tida seu  aatlva, Sina'pia  eru'ca,  Siaym'brium
 erucaa'trum,  Garden  Rocket,  Roman  Rocket,
 Shinlock, Ac, (F.)  Chou  Roquette, Roquette.
 This was considered by the Romans an aphrodi-
 siac.— Columella.  The  seeds  were  ordinarily
 used.
   Bras'sica Flor'ida, — Braa'aica Pompeia'na
 of the ancients—the Cauliflower, Caulia Flor'ida,
 (¥.) Chou-fleur, is a more tender and digestible
 variety.
   The Broc'coli, B. Sabel'lica of the Romans, B.
 Ital'ica,  belongs to this variety.
   Brassica  Hispida,  B.  eruca — b.  Italica,  B.
 Florida—b. Marina, Convolvulus soldanella.
   Bras'sica Napus,  Napus Sylveatria, Bu'niaa,
 Rape, (F.) Navette.  The seed yields a quantity
 of oil.
   Brassica  Nigra, Sinapis nigra—b. Oblonga,
 B. rapa — b. Oleracea, Brassica—b. Pompeiana,
 B. Florida.
   Bras'sica Rapa, Rapa rotun'da  seu oblon'ga
 seu  naptte,  Rapum majus, Sina'pia tubero'aa,
  Turnip,  (¥.) Chou navet, Navet, Rave.% The tur-
 nip is liable  to the same  objection (but to a less
 extent) as the cabbage.
   Brassica Sabellica, B. Florida,
   BRATHU, Juniperus sabina.
    BRATHYS, Juniperus sabina.
  BRAWLINS, Arbutus  uva ursi,  Vaccinium
vitis idaea.
  BRAWN, Muscle.
  BRA YER, Truss.
  BRAYERA ANTHELMINTICA, Hagenia
Abyssinica.
  BRAZIL WOOD, Caesalpinia echinata.
  BREAD, see Triticum.
  Bread, Gluten.  Bread made of wheat dough
deprived of  the  chief  portion of its starch by
washing.   Bread,  made of gluten only, cannot
be eaten, on account of its hardness and tough-
ness ; hence one-fifth of the normal  quantity of
starch is allowed to remain, and in this form the
bread is said to be tolerably light, eatable, and
moderately agreeable.
  Bread,  Household,  Syncomistos.
  BREADBERRY, Pap.
  BREAD-FRUIT TREE, Artocarpus.
  BREAKBONE FEVER, Dengue.
  BREAST, Thorax, Mamma—b. Abscess of the,
 Mastodynia apostematosa — b. Pigeon, see  Lor-
 dosis.
   BREAST-GLASS, Milk-glaaa.  A glass applied
 to the nipple to receive the milk when secreted
 copiously  by the mamma.
   Breas,v, Irritable,  Neuralgia mammae.
   BREAST-PANG, SUFFOCATIVE,  Angina
 pectoris.
   BREAST-PUMP, Antlia Lactea.
   BREASTWEED, Saururus cernuus.
   BREATH,  Sax. bnase,  (Old  Eng.) Aande,
 and Ande, Hal'ittta, Anhelitus, An'imus, Spir'-
 ittis, Almos, (¥.) Haleine.  The air expelled  from
 the chest  at each expiration. It requires to be
 studied in the diagnosis of thoracic diseases espe-
 cially.  See Respiration.
   Breath,  Oppens'ive, Foetor  Oris, Catostoma-
 toaphre'aia, Hal'ittta oris foe.'tidus, Oze. An offen-
 sive condition, which is usually dependent upon
 carious teeth,  or some  faulty state of the secre-
 tions of the air passages. The internal use of the
 chlorides  may be advantageous.
   Breath, Saturnine, see Saturnine—b. Short,
 Dyspncea.
   BREATHING AIR, see Respiration.
   Breathing, Difficulty of, Dyspnoea.
   BRECHET, (F.) The Brisket.  This name is
 given  in  some parts of France to the cartilago
 ensiformis, and sometimes to the sternum itself.'
   BRECHMA, Bregma.
   BRECHMUS,  Bregma.
   BREDISSURE (¥.),  Trismus  Capistra'tun.
 Incapacity of opening the mouth, in consequence
 of  preternatural adhesion between the internal
 part of the cheek and gums; often occasioned by
 the abuse of mercury.
   BREDOUILLEMENT (¥.),  Tituban'tia.  A
 precipitate  and indistinct  mode of utterance, in
 which a  part only of  the  words  is pronounced,
 and several of the syllables viciously changed.
 This defect is analogous to stuttering, but differs
 from it in being dependent on too great rapidity
 of  speech ;  whilst stuttering is  characterized by
 continual hesitation, and frequent repetition of
 the same  syllables.
    BREE, Supercilium.
    BREED, Race.
    BREEDING, Generation, Pregnant
   Breeding, Cross. The act of raising or breed-
 ing from  different stocks or families
    Breeding-in-and-in.  The act  o'f raising  or
 breeding  from the same stock or familv
    BREELLS, Spectacles.
  BREGMA, Brechma, Brechmus, from fiatym,
'to sprinkle;' Fontanel'la, Sin'ciput.  The  to.
of the  head was thus called, because it was be<
iieved to be humid in infants; and, according to 
BREGMATODYMIA         141                BROMINE
some, because it was conceived to correspond to
the most humid part of the brain.
  BREGMATODYMIA, see Cephalodymia.
  BRENNfNG. Burning.
  BREPHOCTONON. Conyza squarrosa.
  Br\E['ttOTB,OPllE'\JM, Ecthetobrephotrophe'-
utn, from (ipt<pos, 'anew-born child,' and rpeipeiv,
'to nourish.'  A foundling hospital.
  BRESILLET, Caesalpina sappan.
  BRE'VIA VASA, Short  Veaaela.  This name
has been given  to several branches of the splenic
arteries and veins, which are distributed to the
great cul-de-sac of the stomach.
   BREVIS CUBITI, see Anconeus.
   BRICK, (F.) Brique.  Hot bricks  are some-
times used to apply heat to a part, as to the ab-
domen in  colic, or after the  operation  for  popli-
teal aneurism : or, reduced  to very fine powder,
and mixed with fat, as an application to herpetic
and psoric affections.
   Bricks, Forna'cea Testa or  Tilee were  for-
merly bruised in vinegar, and the liquid was used
as a specific in cutaneous  affections.   They en-
tered, also, into a cerate used for scrofulous hu-
mours, Ac.  To the Terra  Forna'cum, or Brick
 earth, the same virtues were assigned.
   BRICKLIKE SEDIMENT, see Lateritious.
   BRICUMUM, Artemisia.
   BRIDE (¥.),  'a bridle.'  Fra'nulum, Reti-
 uae'vlitin.  This term is given, in the plural, to
 membranous filaments, which are found within
 abscesses  or deep-seated wounds, and which pre-
 vent the exit of pus.  The term is, also, applied
 to preternatural adhesions, which occur in cica-
 trices of the skin, in  the urethra, or in inflamed
 serous or  synovial membranes.
   BRIEF, Rife.
   BRIER, WILD,  Rosa Canina.
   BRIGHT'S  DISEASE  OF THE KIDNEY,
 see Kidney, Bright's disease of the.
    BRIGHTON, CLIMATE OF.   The air of this
 fashionable watering-place, on the south coast of
 England, is dry, elastic, and bracing.   Its cli-
 mate appears to the  greatest advantage in the
 autumn and early part of the winter; when it is
 somewhat milder and more steady than that of
 Hastings.  Accordingly,  it  is  adapted for  all
 cases in which a dry and mild air at this season
 of the year proves  beneficial.   In the  spring
 months, owing to the prevalence of, and its ex-
 posure to, north-east  winds, the  climate is cold,
 harsh,  and exciting to  the delicate.   It is weli
 adapted for convalescents, and for all who require
 a dry and bracing sea air.
 .  BRIMSTONE, Sulphur.
   BRINE, Muria.
   BRINTON  ROOT, Leptandria purpurea.
    BRION. Corallina.
    BRIQUE, Brick.
    BRIQUEBEC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 This town  is three leagues from Cherbourg, in
 France.  The  water contains chloride of iron.
    BRIQUETE, Lateritious.
   BRISE-COQUE (¥.), from  briaer,  'to break
 to pieces,'and coque, 'a shell.'   An instrument
 designed by Heurteloup for breaking to pieces
 the shell of a  vesical calculus, after it has been
 hollowed by his mandrin d virgule.
    BRISE-PIERRE ARTICULE (¥.),  from
 briaer,  'to break to pieces, and pierre, 'a stone.'
 An instrument invented by Jacobson  for crush-
 ing the stone in the bladder.
   BRISTOL  HOT WELL, Bristolien'sis Aqua.
 Bristol is  about  thirteen  miles  from Bath, in
 England.  The water is an almost pure thermal;
 slightly  acidulated.  It  contains  chlorides of
 magnesium and sodium,  sulphate  of  soda, sul-
 phate of lime, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid,
 oxygen and azofe.  Temperature, 74° Fah.  The
' Hot Well  has  been  long celebrated.  Its action
 is like that of thermal waters in general.   The
 climate of Bristol is mild, and hence the water
 has been celebrated for the cure of incipient pul-
 monary consumption.   See Clifton.
   BRIZOCERAS, Ergot.
   BROAD, Sax. una*, Lotus, (¥.)  Large.   Any
 body  is so termed  whose transverse  extent is
 considerable  compared  with  its  length.   The
 Broad Bones, such  as the frontal, parietal, occi-
 pital, iliao, aid in forming the parietes of splanch-
 nic cavities.   Broad  Muscles  generally occupy
 the parietes of cavities, and especially those of
 the chest and abdomen.  The epithet has also
 been applied to other parts—as to the broad liga-
 ments of the womb,  Ac
   BROCCOLI, Brassica sabellica.
   BROCHOS, Ppoxos, La'queus.  A bandage.
   BROCHT, Vomiting.
   BROCH'THUS,   BpoX^os,  Gula.   The throat.
 Also,  a kind of small drinking vessel.—Hipp.
   BROCHUS, Bpoxos- This name has been given
 to one who has a very prominent upper  lip.
 According to others it means one  whose  teeth
 project in  front of the mouth.
   BRO'DIUM.  A synonym of Jus or Jus'culum.
 Broth, or  the liquor in which any thing is boiled.
 Bro'dium  salis—a decoction of salt.
   BROIEMENT, see Cataract, Laceration -6.
 de la  Pierre, Lithotrity.                      f
   BROKELEAK, Rumex hydrolapathum.
   BROKEN DOSES, see Doses, broken.
   BROKEN-WINDEDNESS, Asthma.
   BROMA, Aliment, Bromine.
   BROMATOECCRISIS, Lientery.
   BROMATOG'RAPHY, Bromatograph'ia, Bro-
 mog'raphy, Bromograph'ia, from  Bpwua, 'food,'
 and ypaipn, 'a description.'  A description of ali-
 ments.
   BROMATOL'OGY, Bromatolog"ia,  Sitiol'ogy,
 from  Bpwpa, 'food,'  and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  A
 treatise on food.
   BROME, Bromine.
   BROMEGRASS, Bromus  ciliatus —b.  Soft,
 Bromus ciliatus.
   BROME'LIA ANA'NAS,  called after  Olaus
 Bromel, a Swede.   Car'duus Brazilia'nus,  Ana'-
 naa ova'ta seu aettlea'ta, Anaa'ea, Capa-Isiak'ka,
 Ana'naa  or Pine Apple, Souraop.   Order,  Bro-
 meliaceae.  A West India tree, which produces
 the most delicious of fruits.
    Brome'lia Pinguin, Ana'naa America'na, Pin-
 guin, Broad-leaved  wild Ana'naa, Ac.  The West
 India plant, which affords the Pinguin fruit.  The
 fruit is refrigerant, and the juice, when ripe, very
 austere.   It is used to  acidulate punch.  A wine
 is made from the Pinguin, which is very intoxi-
 cating, and has  a good flavour.
    BROMIC,  Bro'miens; same evymon as  Bro-
 mine. Containing bromine.
    BROMIDE OF  IRON, see  Bromine —b. of
 Mercury,  see Bromine — b.  of Potassium, see
 Bromine.
    BROMIDRO'SIS, from Bpwuos,  'stench,' and
 'tiptos, 'sweat.'  Offensive sweat.
    BROMINE, Bro'minum (Ph. U. S., 1842). Bro-
 min'ium (1851), Broma, Bromin'eum,  Bro'minm,
 Bro'mina, Bromum,  Mu'rina,  Muride, Brome.
 A simple body, of a very volatile nature, and
 highly offensive and suffocating odour, whence
 its name,  from Bptanos, 'a stench.'  It is met with
 chiefly in sea-water, and in  many animal and
 vegetable bodies that live therein.  It has like-
 wise been found in many mineral  waters of this
 and other countries.  In its chemical relations,
 it may be placed  between  chlorine and iodine.
 With oxygen  it forms  an acid—the Bromic, and
 with hydrogen another—the Hydrobromic. 
BROMIUM               142             BRONCIIITIS
  Pure Bromine; Bromide of Iron, Ferri Bro'-
midtim,  Ferrum broma'tum, (¥.) Bromnre de Fer,
in solution, Hydrobromate of Iron, Ferri hydro-
bro'mas, Ferrum hydrobro'micumoxyda'tum,(ilosc,
gr. i or ij,); and Bromide of Potassium, Potae'aii
bro'midum, (¥.) Bromure de potassium, have been
used  medicinally, and chiefly in scrof'ulosis —
internally, as  well as  applied externally.  Bro-
mine  may be r.i'»ulved in forty parts of distilled
water, and six drops  be commenced with as  a
dose.  Bromides of Mercury (Hydrar'gyri Bro'-
mida, (F.) Bromures de Mercure), have been given
in syphilis.  The protobrotnide an^ the bibromide
are  analogous in  composition and medicinal pro-
perties to the corresponding iodides of mercury.
  Chloride  of  Bromine, Bromin'ii chlo'ridum
—made by passiug chlorine through bromine,  and
condensing the resulting vapours by cold, has been
pre^ribed internally,  as well as  externally, in
cancer;  but chiefly  in the latter  mode,  in  the
form of a caustic paste, either alone or with other
chlorides—as those of  zinc, antimony, and gold.
  BROMIUM. Bromine.
  BROMOGRAPHY,  Bromatography.
  BROMOS, Bputpos.  One of the cerealia, sup-
posed, by some, to be oats.  See Avena.
  BROMOSUS, Fetid.
  BROMUM, Bromine.
  BROMURE  DE FER, see Bromine —o. de
Mercure, see Bromine — 6.  de  Potassitm,  see
Bromine.
  BROMUS  CILIA'TUS, B. pttrgans, Brome
grass;  indigenous:  Order, Graraineae ;  is said  to
be  emetic, and anthelmintic [?], cathartic  and
diuretic   It purges cattle.
  Bromus Glaber,  Triticum repens.
   Bromus Mollis, Soft Brome Grass.  The seeds
are said  to cause giddiness in  man, and to be
fatal  to poultry.
  Bromus Purgans, B. ciliatus—b. Temulentus,
Loliuui temulentuni.
   BRONCHARCTIA, Bronchiostenosis.
   BKONCHECTASIS,  Bronchia,  dilatation  of
the.
   BRONCIIES,  Bronchia—b.  Ganglions  lym-
phatiques des, Bronchial glands.
   BRONCHI, Bronchia.
   BRON'CHIA, Bron'chia, Bronchi, from Bpoy-
 X s,  'the throat.'  The  Latins used  the term
 Broiiclun for the whole of the trachea;  whilst
 they called its ramifications Bronchia.   Bronchia,
 Bronchia, and Bronchi, (F.) Branches, now mean
 tbe  two tubes,  with  their ramifications, which
 arise from the bifurcation of the trachea,  and
 carry air into the lungs—Cannula pulmo'num,
 Syrin'ges seu Cana'lea aerif'eri.
    BRoscniA, Dilatation  of  the, Dilated Bron-
 chia, Bronchec'tasia,  Bronchiectasis,  Dilatatio
 bronchia'rum.   The physical signs  of this condi-
 tion  are the following: Percussion  usually clear,
 butnotunfrequently less so than natural,although
 very seldom quite dull. Auacultation detects coarse
 mucous  or gurgling  rhonchi, increased by the
  cough, combined with, or replaced by, bronchial
  or cavernous respiration,  which is often effected
 as if by a sudden puff or whiff.  The  resonance
  of the voice  is increased, but it seldom amounts
  to perfect pectoriloquy. The most common situa-
  tions for dilated bronchia are the scapular, mam-
  mary, or lateral regions.  They are almost always
  confined to one side.
    Bronchia, Obliteration or Compression  of !
  the.  The inspiratory  murmur on auscultation
  is  weaker or wholly  suppressed  over a  limited
  portion of the chest; the expiration is generally
  more distinct and  prolonged: all the  other con-
  ditions are natural.
    BRONCHIjE, see Bronchia.
I   BRON'CHIAL. Bronchic, Bronchia'lie, Bron'-
I chicua, (F.)  Bronchial, Bronchique.  That which
j relates to the bronchia.
   Bronchial Arteries, (¥.)Artrrcs Bronchiipirs.
 These are generally two in number, one going to
 each lung.   They arise from the thoracic aorta,
 and  accompany the bronchia in all their ramifi-
 cations.
   Bronchial  Cells,  (F.)  Cellules bronchiqms.
 The Air-cells; the terminations of the bronchia,
   Bronchial  Cough,  (F.)  Toux  bronchi./in:  T.
 tubaire.  This generally accompanies  bronchial
 respiration.   They both indicate  obstruction  to
 the entrance of air into tbe air-cells.
   Bronchial   Glands,  Glan'dnla  Veaaliu'nai,
 Glanda of  Veao'liua,  (¥.)  Glandea brotichiquta,
 Ganglions  lymjthatiqnea des  bronches,  are nume-
 rous glands of an ovoid shape;  of a reddish hue
 in the infant,  and subsequently brown  and black,
 seated in the course of the bronchia. Their func-
 tions are unknown. The bronchial glands  tnaj
 be  presumed  to be affected by scrofulosis, when,
 in addition to the existence of tumours in the
 neck,  percussion gives a dull sound under the
 upper and  central part of tbe sternum, whi!.-t
 there is no  appreciable lesion of tbe lungs.
    Bronchial  Nerves, (F.) Ncrfs bronchiquei,
 are furnished  by the two pulmonary plexuses.
    Bronchial Phthisis, see Phthisis bronchial—
 b. Respiration,  see Murmur, respiratory.
    Bronchial Veins arise from the last divisions
 of the arteries  of the same name, and pass, on
 the right side, into the vena azygos; on tbe left,
 into the superior intercostal.
    BRONCHIC, Bronchial.
    BRONCHIECTASIS, Bronchia, dilatation of
  the.
    BRONCHIITIS, Bronchitis.
    BRON'CHIOLE, Bronchiolum, Bronchiolns;
  diminutive of Bronchium or Bronchus.  A minute
  bronchial tube.
    BRONCHOPNEUMONIA, Bronchopneumo-
  nia.
    BRONCHIOSTENO'SIS, Bronchiarc'tia, from
  Bpoyxos, 'a bronchus,' and ortvtaats, 'contraction.'
  Contraction or  narrowness of the  bronchi.
    BRONCHITE CONVULSIVE, Pertussis-i.
  Pseudomembraneuse, Polypus bronchialis.
    BRONCHI'TIS, Bronchii'tis, Injlamnia'tio
  bronchio'rum, Catar'rhus  Pulmo'num  seu  bnm-
  chio'rum,  Pleurltis   hu'mida seu bronchia'lis,
  Bronchos'tasis, Angina bronchia'lis, Pulmonary
  Catarrh, (¥.)  Inflammation dea  Bronchea.  In-
  flammation of the lining membrane of the  bron-
  chial tubes.  This is always more  "or less present
  in cases of pulmonary catarrh ; and is accompa-
  nied by cough, mucous expectoration.ldyspna'a,
  and  more  or less uneasiness in breathing.  The
  acute form is accompanied with all the signs of
  internal inflammation, and requires  the employ-
  ment of antiphlogistics followed  by revulsives.
  The chronic form, Tuasie aenllia, Catat'rliux aeni'-
  lia, Rhiuma  catarrha'le, Peripneumo'niu notha,
  Bronchorrhce'a  acu'ta, Winter  Cough,  Chronic
  Catarrh, may be confounded with phthisis; from
  which it  must be distinguished   mainly by the
  absence of hectic fever and of the physical signs
  that are characteristic of the latter,  as well at
  by the nature  of the  expectoration, which  is ge-
  nerally mucous, although at times muco-purulent.
  When the expectoration is little or  none, the bron-
  chitis is said to be dry, dry catarrh, (¥.) Catarrh
  Sec.
    When bronchitis affects the smaller tubes, it is
  termed capillary bronchi'tia, bronchitis capilla'-
  ris, bronchoc'ace infantilis  [?], and is often fatal
  to children.    Vcsic'ular bronchitia  is the term
  proposed  by M.M. Rilliet and  Barthcz for the
  veaicular pneumonia of children. 
BRONCHIUS
14 3    BR UIT D E CRA Q UEMEXT
  Bronchitis, Catarrh—b. Asthenica, Peripneu-
monia  notha — b. Capillary, see Bronchitis — b.
Chronic, see Bronchitis — b.  Crouposa,  Polypus
broncbialis—b. Convulsiva, Pertussis—b. Exsu-
dativa, Polypus bronchialis.
  Bronchitis,  Mechan'ical.   Inflammation of
the lining membrane of the air-tubes, induced by
tbe inhalation  of irritating particles.
  Bronchitis  Membranacea, Polypus bronchia-
lis—b. Plastic, Polypus bronchialis—b. Pseudo-
membranous, Polypus bronchialis—b. Summer,
Fever, hav—b. Vesicular, see Bronchitis.
  BRONCHIUS. Sterno-tbyroideus.
  BRON(MfLEMMITfS,  Polypus bronchialis.
  BROXCHOCACE,  Peripneumonia  notha — b.
Infantilis, see  Bronchitis.
  BRONCIIO-CATARRIIUS, Catarrh.
  BRONCHOCE'LE, from Bpoyxos, 'abronchus,'
and kijAij, 'tumour.'  An inaccurate name for the
nffection which is called, also, Bo'chium, Botium,
Barium, Hernia gut'turia seu guttura'lia seu oron-
chin'lis, Guttiir tu'midum  seu glnbo'stim, Trache-
lophy'mu, Thyroce'le,  Thyreoce'le,  Tracheocele,
 Trucheloce'le,  Thyremphrax'ia,  Thyreophrax'ia,
 Thyro/ilirax'ia, Thyreon'cna, Thyron'cua, Deiron'-
cua, Deron'cus, Gossum, Go'tium, Exeehebrott'chua,
 Gongro'na,  Struma, Glana,  Tuber  gutturo'sum,
 Gutte'ria, Ac, the Derbyahire neck, Swelled neck,
 Wen,  Goitre,  Ac,  (F.) Goitre.  Gouetre, Hyper-
 trophic du  Corpa  Thyro'ide,  Groaae  Gorge,  Gros
 Cou.   This  is  no rupture,  but consists of an en-
 largement of  the thyroid  gland.  It is common
• at the  base of lofty mountains in every part of
 the world;  and has been   supposed  to be owing
 to. the drinking  of  snow-water,  but it  occurs
 where there is no  snow.  "The tumour is some-
 times very  extensive.  Iodine has great power
 over it, and will generally occasion  its absorp-
 tion, when  the case has  not been of such dura-
 tion as to have ended in a cartilaginous condition.
    BRONCHOCEPHALITIS, Pertussis.
    BRONCHOPARALYSIS,  Asthma.
    BRONCHOPHONY, Resonance—b'. Pectorilo-
 quons, Pectoriloquy—b. Strong, Pectoriloquy.
    BRONCHOPLAS'TIC,  Bronchoplaa'ticus, from
 Bpoyxos, 'a  bronchus,' and trXao-aia, ' I form.'  An
 epithet  given to the operation for closing fistulae
 in the trachea ; Bron'choplasty.
    BRONCHOPNEUMONIA,    Bron'chiopneu-
 mo'nia, from jfyoy^oj, 'a bronchus,' and .Pneumo-
 nia.   Inflammation of the bronchia and lungs.
    BRONCHORRHOE'A, (F.) BronchorrhSe, Ca-
 tarrhe pitttiteux, Phlegmorrhagie ptilmonaire,Flux
 bronchique, from Bpoyxos,  'bronchus,' and ptia, 'I
 flow.'   An  increased secretion of mucus from tbe
 air passages, accompanied or not by inflammation,
 — a gleet,  as-it were, of  the pulmonary mucous
 membrane.   When excessive,  it may constitute
 Phthisis pituito'sa seu muco'sa, Myco-phthlaia.
    Bronchohrhcea Acuta, Bronchitis (chronic).
    BHONCHOSTASIS, Bronchitis.
    BRONCHOTOME. Bronchot'omtta, from  Bpoy-
 j;oj,  and rtpvuv 'to cut.'   A kind of lancet, with
 a  blunt and rounded point, mounted on a handle,
 and fitted to a canula, which passes in along with
 it, and is allowed to remain in  the opening  made
 in the trachea.
    BKONCIIOT'OMY, Bronchotom'ia, (¥.) Bron-
 ch"tomie. Same etymology. A surgical operation,
 which consists in making an opening either into the
 trachea, (Tracheot'omy:) into the larynx, (Laryn-
 yolomy:) or into both, ( Trachea-laryngot'omy.) to
 extract foreign bodies or to permit the passage of air
 to the lungs. These different parts are divided trans-
 versely or vertically, according to circumstances.
    BRONCHO-VESICULAR  RESPIRATION,
 see Respiration.
    BRONCHUS, see Bronchia, Trachea.
    BROOKLIME,  Veronica beccabunga.
  BROOM, Sophora  tinctoria, Spartium soopa-
rium—b. Butcher's, Ruscus—b. Clover, Sophora
tinctoria—b. Indigo, Sophora tinctoria—b. Rape,
of Virginia,  Orobanche Virginiana—b.  Sp.-m'sh,
Spartium junceum—b. Yellow, Sophora tinctoria.
  BROSSARD1ERE,  MINERAL   WA I'ERS
OF.  Brossardiere  is a  chateau  in Bas-Poirou,
France.  The waters  contain carbonates of iron
and lime,  chloride  of sodium, and sul[ hate of
lime.  Thev are aperient.
  BROSSE, Brush.
  BROTH, CHICKEN, see Chicken Broth.
  Broth, Vegetable.  Take two potatoes, a car-
rot, and an onion, all  cut fine; boil  in a quart of
water for an hour,  adding more water from time
to time, so as to keep the original'quantity : fla-
vour  with  salt, and a small quantity of potherbs ;
strain.   A little mushroom catchup  improves the
flavour.
  BROTHER, UTERINE, see Uterine.
  BROUILLARD, Caligo.
  BROUS'SAIST.  One who is a believer in, and
professor of, the physiological and pathological
opinions  of Broussais.  The system itself was
 called  Brocssaism,  or  the  Physiological  Doc-
 trine.
   BROW, Front—b.  Ague, Neuralgia frontalis.
   BROWN RED, Colcothar.
   BROWN'IAN, Browno'ntan, Bruno'nian. Re-
 lating to the system or opinions of John Brown.
   BROWN ISM, Bru'nonism,  Bruno' nianism.
 The  doctrines of Brown.
   BROWNIST,  Browno'nian,  Bruno'nian.   A
 follower of the svstem of Brown.
   BRU'CEA ANTI-DYSENTER'ICA.  Called
 after Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller.   B. ferru-
gin'ea, Angustn'ra spu'ria,  (¥.) Fattsse Angue-
 tttre,  A. Ferrugineuae.  The  systematic name  of
 the plant whence was obtained—it was  supposed
 —false Anguatura or false  Cuaparia  Bark.  II
 is really the bark of  Strychnos nux vomica.
   BRUCIA, Brucine.
   BRUCINE,  Bru'cia,  Bruclna,   Bruci'num,
 Bru'cium,  Pseudangnaturlnum,  Canirami'nnm,
 Canira'mium, Vom'icine, Angus'turine.  An orga-
 nic, salifiable base, discovered in the false angus-
 tura—Brucea anti-dyacnter'ica, and obtained from
 Strychnoa  nux vom'ica.  It is of a pearly white;
 crystallizes  in oblique prisms with a parallelo-
 grammatic base;'  is  very bitter, slightly  acrid
 and styptic, and soluble in water, but more so in
 alcohol.   Brucia is  a less  active poison than
 strychnia.   It resembles  it, however,  and may
 be used as a substitute for it and for tbe extract
 of nux vomica.  Dose, half  a grain.
    BRUCKENAU, MINERAL  WATERS OF.
 These springs are  in Bavaria, and contain car-
 bonic acid and iron.
    BRUCOURT, MINERAL  WATERS OF.
 Brucourt  is three leagues and a half  from  Caen,
 in  Normandy. The waters contain carbonic acid,
 chloride of sodium, and sulphate of soda, nyich
 sulphate of lime, Ac.
    BRUICK, Furunculus.
    BRUISE, Contusion.
    BRUISE-ROOT, Stvlophorum diphyllum.
    BRUISEWORT, Bellis saponaria.
    BRUISSEMENT (¥.), Frem'itua.   This word
 has much the same signification as Bourdonncment,
 as well as Bruit.
    BRUIT (F.), 'sound.'  A French term, applied
 to  Various  sounds  heard on percussion and aus-
 cultation,  viz.:
    BRUIT DE CRAQUEMENT, B.de Tiraille-
 ment, Bruit de cuir netif Cri de cui*,  ' sound  of
 crackling,  or bursting, or of new leather.'   A
 sound produced by  the  friction of the "pericar-
 dium, when dried  and roughened  by inflamma-
ij tion. 
BRUIT  DU  CCEUR  F(ETAL   144
  BRUIT DU CCEUR FCETAL, Battemens dou-
bles. Double bruit du Coeur du Foetus.  The pul-
sations of the foetal  heart heard in auscultation
in the latter half of utero-gestation.
  BRUIT DE OUIR NEUF, Bruit de craque-
ment.
  BRUIT DE DIABLE, Ronflement du Diable,
Bruit de souffle & double couratit,  'noise of the
diable, or humming-top.'  Venous  hum.  A high
degree of Bruit de soujflet, heard on auscultating
the arteries  or veins—probably the latter—of the
neck, in  chlorosis.  It denotes  an  impoverished
state of the  blood.
  BRUIT DOUBLE DU CCEUR  DU FOETUS,
Bruit  du Coeur foetal — b.  d'Expansion pulmo-
uaire, see Murmur, respiratory—b. de Fr6lement,
see  Fr6lement — 6. de  Froiasement pulmonaire,
see  Froiaaement  pulmonaire — 6.  de  Frotement
pSricardique, see FrSlement pSricardique.
  BR UIT DEFRO TTEMENT ASCENDANT
ET DESCENDANT, 'sound of friction of ascent
and descent.'  Sounds produced by the rubbing of
the lung  against the parietes  of the chest, as it
rises and falls during inspiration and expiration.
They are distinctly heard in pleuritis, when the
pleura has  become  roughened  by the disease.
Friction  sounds,  Rubbing  sonnda, To-and-fro
sounda are also heard in pericarditis and perito-
nitis.
   BRUIT  HUMORIQUE, B. Hydropneuma-
tique.  The sound afforded  on percussion  when
organs are filled with liquid and air.
   BRUIT  HYDROPNEUMATIQUE,  Bruit
hnmoriqne — b. de Jappement, see  Siffiement mo-
duli—b. de  Lime d bois, see  Bruit  de Scie.
  BRUIT DE MOUOHE  (F.),'fly sound.'  A
sound analogous to the Bruit de diable—so called
from its  likeness to the buzzing of a fly — heard
on auscultating the neck in  chlorotic cases.
   BR UIT MUSGULAIRE.  The sound accom-
panying the first sound of the heart, referred by
some  to muscular  contraction.   Called,  also,
Bruit rotatoire,  in  consequence  of its  having
been thought to resemble the rumbling of dis-
tant wheels.
   BRUIT MUSICAL, Siffiement modulS.
   BRUIT  DE  PARCHEMIN,  'parchment
tone.'  A sound as if produced  by two sheets of
parchment  applied to each other. It is said to
be produced by thickening and  rigidity of the
valves of tbe heart.
   BRUIT  DE PIAULEMENT,  see  Siffiement
 mod aiS.
   BRUIT  PLACENTAIRE, B.  de souffle pla-
 eentaire  ou utSrin, Souffle utSrin ou placentaire,
 Placental bellows' .sound,  Utero-placen'tal  mur-
 mur, Uterine murmur.  The  bellows' sound heard
 on auscultating over the site of the placenta in a
 pregnant female.  It does  not  appear to be ow-
 ing to the  placental vessels;  but  to the uterine
 tumour  pressing  upon the  large  vessels  of the
 mother.
   BRUIT DE POT F^LE, 'sound of a cracked
 vessel.'   Cracked pot sound.   A sound heard on
 percussion, when a cavern  in the lungs  is  filled
 with air, and has a narrow outlet.  It is not diag-
 nostic, however.
   BRUIT DE RACLEMENT, 'sound of scrap-
 ing.'  A sound produced by the scraping of hard,
 polid membranes, as the pericardium, against e^ch
 other, very analogous to Bruit de  craquement.
   BRUIT DE RAPE, 'sound  of a rasp.'  A
 sound heard during the contraction of either the
 auricles  or ventricles.  It  is  constant; and the
 contraction of the cavity is  more prolonged than
 natural, and emits a hard, rough, and—as it were
 • -stifle 1 sound.
  It indicates contraction of the valvular onficei
by cartilaginous deposits, or ossification, and is
better heard near  the apex of the  heart, if  tbe
auriculo-ventricular valves be  concerned,—near
the base, if the semilunar valves be the seat of  the

  BRUIT RESPIRATOIRE, Murmur, respi-
ratory.
  BRUIT ROTATOIRE, Bruit mueculaire.
  BRUIT DE SCIE, or 'saw sound,' and Bruit
de lime a bois, or ' file sound,' resemble the Bruit
de R&pe.                    v
  BRUIT DE SOUFFLE A DOUBLE COU-
RANT, Bruit de Diable.
  BRUIT DE SOUFFLET, Bruit de Souffle,
'bellows' sound,' 'blowing sound.'  A sound like
that of a bellows,  heard occasionally by the  ear
applied to the chest during the contraction of  the
ventricles, auricles, or large arteries.  It coexists
with  affections of the heart, but is heard, also,
without  any  disease  of that organ,—whenever,
indeed, an artery is compressed.  An Encephalic
bellows'  sound, (¥.) Bruit de souffle cSphaliqne,
has been described by Drs. Fisher and Whitney.
It is heard on applying the  ear to the occiput or
to the top of the head ; and is considered to indi-
cate  turgescence  of  vessels,, or  inflammation.
When such turgescence exists, the  vessels  are
compressed, and the compression  gives rise to
the sound in question. [?]
   BRUIT DE SOUFFLE CEPHALIQUE,  see
Bruit de  soujflet—6.  de   Souffle placentaire,
Bruit placentaire—6. de Souffle  utSrin, Bruit-
placentaire—b. de Tiraillement, Bruit de craque-
ment.
   BRUIT DE SOUP APE, 'valvular or flap-
ping noise.'  A sound he^rd in respiration, when
a foreign body is in the air passages.   It some-
what resembles the flapping of a valve; hence its
French name.                         ,
   BRUIT DE  TAFFETAS, 'sound of  taf-
feta.'  'Sarcenet sound.'   A respiratory sound,
so named, by M. Grisolle, from its resembling  the
sound caused  by the tearing of a piece of taffeta;
and which he considers to indicate hepatization of
the lung, limited to the surface, in  pneumonia
   BR UIT T YMPANIQ UE,  ' tympanic sound.'
The  clear sound afforded by percussing the sto-
mach and intestines when containing air.
   BRUIT UTERIN, B. placentaire.
   BRUITS DU CCEUR, see Heart.
   BRUK, Furunculus.
   BRULURE, Burn.
   BRUNELLE, Prunella.
   BRUNNER'S GLANDS, Brunneri Glan'dula,
 G. Brunneria'na seu  solita'ria, Solitary glands
or follicles, Second pan'creas.  Compound muci-
parous  follicles, seated between the mucous and
muscular coats of the stomach, along the  two
curvatures of that organ, and in the duodenum;
so called from their discovery having been gene-
rally attributed to Brunner.   The  solitary intes-
 tinal follicles are often known, at the present
day, as tbe glands of Brunner, although Brunner
restricted the  latter  term to the glands  of  the
duodenum.
   BRUNONIAN, Brownian.
   BRUNONIANISM, Brownism,
   BRUNUS,  Erysipelas.
   BRUSCUS, Ruscus.
   BRUSH, Scop'ula, (¥.) Brosse.  A well-known
instrument, used in medicine  chiefly for the fol-
lowing purposes :—1.  To clean the teeth.   2. To
remove the saw-dust which  adheres to the teeth
of the trephine, during the operation of trephin-
ing.  3. To rub the surface of the body, for the
purpose of exciting the skin, and favouring trans-
piration.  Westring,  a  Swedish physician,  b.» 
BRUTA
145
BUB0N0REXI3
 recommended metallic  brushes for the purpose
 of conveying galvanism to a part.  These brushes
 consist of a plate of ebony fitted to  another of
 gold, in which  threads of  the same  metal are
 fixed; — the brush being connected with one of
 the poles of the galvanic pile.
   Brush, Stomach, Excutia ventriouli.
   BRUTA, Juniperus sabina.
   BRU'TIA.  A sort of thick pitch, obtained from
 Brutia, in Italy.  From Pix Brutia was obtained
 the O'leum Piclnum.
   Brutia, Instinct.
   BRUTINO,^Terebinthina.
   BRUTOLE, see Cerevisia.
   BRUXANELLI.   A Malabar tree, the  bark
 and leaves of which have  a strong smell, and are
 astringent.  On the coast of Malabar, its  juice,
 mixed with butter, is applied  to boils.  Its  bark
 is esteemed to  be diuretic, and  its  roots  anti-
 arthritic. v *
   BR U YE RE  VULGAIRE, Erica vulgaris.
   BRUYERES,  MINERAL WATERS. OF.
 Bruyeres is a small village,  7J  leagues   from
 Lunevilie.  The waters are acidulous  and chaly-
 beate.
   BRYCETOS.  see Algidus.
   BRYCIIETHMOS, Rugitus.
   BRYCHETOS, see Algidus.
   BRYGMA, Brygmus,  Trisis, Prisis, Prismus,
 Odontoprisis, Stridor Den'tium, (¥.)  Grincement
 dea Dents.   Grinding of the teeth.  A common
 symptom, in children, of gastric or other derange-
 ment, but often present when there is  no reason
 to suspect any.
   BRYONE, Bryonia—6. d'AmSrique, Convol-
 vulus Meehoacan.
   BRYO'NIA AFRICA'NA,  African Bry'ony,
 from  Bfivm, ' I  bud  forth.'   A  South African
 plant, common amongst the Hottentots, which,
 in the form of decoction, acts simultaneously as
 an emetic, cathartic, and diuretic.  It is used by
 the natives in cutaneous diseases, dropsy, and
 syphilis. The tincture is a powerful emetic and
 cathartic.—Thunberg.
   Bryo'nia Alba,  White Bry'ony,  Vitis   alba
 sylres'tris,   Agros'tie,  Agriam'pelos,   Am'pelos
 a'gria,   Eehetro'eie,  Bryo'nia   as'pera seu Di-
 oi'cu,  Cedros'tia, Chelido'nium, Lnbrua'ca,  Me-
 lo'thrum, Ophroataph'ylon,  Pailo'thrum.    Ord.
 Cucurbitaceae. Sea:. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia.
 (F.) CotdeuvrSe,  Vigne vierge, V. blanche, Navet
 du diable ou galant.   The root is large and  suc-
 culent, and has an acrid, bitter, and disagreeable
 taste.  It is a drastic cathartic.  Externally, it
 has been applied, in  form of ca'taplasm, in  gout.
 When repeatedly  washed, a good starch is ob-
 tained from it.  The active principle has  been
 separated from it, and called Bry'onine,
   Bryonia  Mechoacanna  Nigricans, Convol-
 vulus jalapa — b. Nigra, Tamus communis — b.
 Peruviana, Convolvulus jalapa.
   BRYONINE, see Bryonia alba.
   BRYONY,  BLACK,  Tamus  communis—b.
 White, Bryonia alba—b. Wild, Sycios  angulatus.
   BRYTIA, Marc of grapes.
   BR YTOLA TURE, see  Cerevisia.
   BRYTOLE, see Cerevisia.
   BRYTON, Cerevisia.
   BU, Bov, abbreviation of Bovs, 'an ox,' in  com-
 position  expresses ' excess,  greatness.'  Hence
 Buliiiiits, Buphthalmia, Ac.
   BUBASTECORDIUM, Artemisia vulgaris.
   BUBE, Pustule.
  BUBO, BovBuiv, Pano'chia, Panus inguina'lis,
Adenophy'ma inguina'lis,  Bubonopa'nus, Bubo-
non'cua,  Bubon'cua, Cambu'ca,  Angua, Boubon,
Codoce'li, Codoacella, (¥.) Bubon, Poulain.  In
the works of Hippocrates  and Galen,  this word
      10
 sometimes signifies the groin—Inguen ; at others,
! the inguinal glands; and at others, again, swell-
| ing or inflammation of these parts.  The moderns
 apply the term to an inflammatory tumour seated
 in the groin or axilla, and they generally distin-
 guish—1. Simple or Sympathetic Bubo, which is
 independent of  any virus in the economy.  2.
  Venereal Bubo,  (F.) Bubon vSnSrien, which is oc-
 casioned by the venereal virus.  3. Peatilential
 Bubo, or B. aymptomatic of the Plague.  The last
 two have by some  been called malignant Bubo,
 (¥.) Bubon malin.
   Primary Bubo, (¥.) Bubon primitif, shows  it-
 self with the first symptoms of syphilis: the con-
 secutive not till afterwards.
   BUBON, Bubo, Inguen—b. Gummiferum, see
 Ammoniac gum.
   BUBOND'EMBLEE (¥.).  An enlargement
 and suppuration of one or more of the inguinal
 glands, not preceded by any  other  of the  more
 common forms  of venereal disease, nor by any
 other syphilitic symptom.
   Bubon Gal'banum. The  systematic name of a
 plant which has been supposed to afford galba-
 num; Meto'pion, Muto'rium.  The plant  is also
 called  Fer'ula Africa'na,- Oreoseli'num Africa'-
 num, Anisum frutico'sttm galbanif'erum  seu Af-
 rica'num frutes'cens, Sell num Galbanum, Agasy'l-
 lis  gal'banum, The  long-leaved  or lovage-leaved
 Gal'banum.   Ord. Umbelliferae.  The plant can
 scarcely, however, be considered  to be determined.
 By the Dublin College, it is referred to  Opo'ldia
 Galbanif'era, Ord.  Umbelliferae.   Galbanum is
 the gummi-resinous juice. Its odour is fetid, and
 taste bitter and acrid : the agglutinated tears are
 of a white colour, on a ground of reddish-brown.
 It forms an emulsion, when triturated with water,
 and is soluble in  proof spirits of wine, and vine-
 gar: sp. gr. T212.  It has been given as an anti-
 spasmodic and expectorant, in pill or emulsion.
 Dose, from gr. 10 to 60.  Externally, it is applied
 as a cataplasm.
   Bubon galbanum is a South African plant; and
 is reputed to be an excellent diuretic, under the
 name of Wild Celery. A decoction of the leaves
 is given  in  dropsy and  gravel.  According  to
 Pappe, the  resinous matter, which exudes  from
 the stem, differs  in  appearance,  smell,  and  in
 every respect, from Gummi  Galbanum.
   Bubon Macedon'icum, Athaman'ta Macedon'-
 ica, Petroselinum Macedon'icum, A'pium petra'-
 um, Petra'pium, (¥.) Persil de MacSdoine, Mace-
 do'nian Parsley.   Its properties are similar to
 those of  common parsley, but weaker and less
 grateful.  The seeds are an  ingredient  in the
 celebrated compounds, Mithridate  and Theriac
   BUBONA, Nipple.
   BUBONALGIA, from BovBuv, 'the groin,' and
 aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the groin.
   BUBONCUS, Bubo.
   BUBO'NIUM, AsterAt'ticua, Golden Starwort.
 A plant anciently supposed to he efficacious in
 diseases of the groin, from Bovfitov, 'the groin.'
   BUBONOCE'LE, from BovPuv, 'the groin,' and
 tcnXn, ' tumour,' 'rupture.'   Her'nia inguina'lia,
 In'guinal Hernia, Rupture  of the Groin.  (¥.)
 Hernie inguinale.  Some surgeons  have confined
 this term to hernia when limited  to  the  groin,
 and have called the  same affection, when  it has
 descended to  the scrotum,  Oacheoce'le, Scrotal
 Hernia.  The rupture passes through the abdo-
 minal ring: and, in  consequence of the greater
 size of the opening  in the male, it is more fre-
 quent in  the male sex.
  BUBONONCUS,Bubo.
  BUBONOPANUS, Bubo.
  BUBONOREX'IS, from BovBtov, 'the  groin,'
and pnbs, 'a rupture.' A name given to bubono-
cele when accompanied with a division of the pe- 
BUBONULUS             146            BULBOCODIUM
ritoneum, or when, in other  words, it is devoid
of a sac.
  BUBON'ULUS,  Bubun'eulua.  A diminutive
of Bubo.  A painful swelling of the lymphatics
of the penis, extending along the dorsum of that
organ to the groin.  It is an occasional accom-
paniment of gonorrhoea.
  BUBUKLE.  A word used by Shakspeare for
a red pimple on the nose.
  BUBUNCULUS, Bubonulus.
  BUCAROS, Terra Portugallica.
  BUCCA, Gnathoa.   The mouth.  The cheek
and hollow of the cheek.  Also, the vulva.
  BI CCAC'RATON, from Bueca, and  tcpaut, 'I
mix.'   A morsel of bread sopped in wine, which
served of old  for a breakfast.—Linden.
  BUCCAL,  Bucca'lis, from  Bucca, 'the mouth,'
or rather 'the cheek.'  That  which concerns the
mouth, and especially tbe cheek.
  Buccal Artery, Artlre Sus-maxillaire, (Ch.)
arises from the  internal  maxillary or  from some
of its branches, as the Temporalis profunda an-
tica, or the Alveolar.   It distributes its  branches
to the  buccinator muscle, and to the buccal mem-
brane.
   Buccal Glands, Molar Glanda.  Mucous fol-
licles, seated in the buccal membrane, opposite the
molar  teeth.  They secrete a viscid humour, which
mixes  with the  saliva, and lubricates the mouth.
   Buccal  Membrane, (F.)  Membrane  Buccale.
The mucous membrane,  which  lines the interior
of the mouth.
   Buccal  Nerve, Buccina'tor Nerve,  Buccola-
hial—(Ch.), is given off by the inferior maxillary.
It sends its branches to the cheek, and especially
to the buccinator muscle.
   Buccal Vein follows the artery.
   BUC'CEA, Buccella.   The fleshy excrescence
of nasal polypus, so called because it was believed
to proceed from the  mouth.—Paracelsus.  Also,
a mouthful.
   BUCCELA'TON, Buccela'tua.  A loaf-shaped
cathartic medicine;  made chiefly of scammony.
—Aatius, Paulus of JEgina.
   BUCCELLA, Bolus, Buccea.
   BUCCELLA'TIO. A mode of arresting hemor-
ihage, by applying a pledget of lint to the bleed-
ing vessel.—Avicenna, Fallopius.
   BUCCINA, Turbinated bones.
   BUCCINA'TOR,  from  buccinare, 'to sound
the trumpet.'  The Buccina'tor Muacle, Retrac'-
 tor An'guli Oria, Bucco-AlvSolo-maxillaire, AlvS-
 olo-labial—(Ch.), Manso'rius,  is  situate in the
 substance of  the cheeks.  It  extends between the
 posterior  portions of the alveolar arches of the
 two jaws and the commissure  of the lips, which
 it draws backward.  It assists in mastication, by
 pushing the  food  back  towards the  teeth; and,
 if  the cheeks  be  distended by air, its contrac-
 tion forces it out.
   BUCCO.  One who is blub-cheeked, or wide-
 mouthed.  In composition, the mouth.
   BUCCO-ALVEOLO-MAXILLAIRE, Bucci-
 nator.
   BUCCO-LABIAL NERVE, Buccal nerve.
   BUCCO-PHARYNGE'AL,  Bucco-Pharynge'-
 ue, (¥.)  Bucco-Pharyngien.  Belonging to the
 mouth and  pharynx.  The  Bucco-pharynge'al
 Aponeurosis or  Intermax'illary  Lig'ament, ex-
 tends from the internal ala of  the pterygoid pro-
 cess  to the  posterior part of the lower alveolar
 arch, and affords attachment,  anteriorly, to the
 buccinator,  and,  posteriorly,  to  the constrictor
 pharyngis superior.
    BUC'CULA, from Bucca,  'the mouth.'  A
 small mouth.  The  fleshy part beneath the chin.
  —Bartholine.
    BUCERAS, Trigonella foenum — b.  Foenum
  Oraecum, Trigonella foenum Graecum.
  BUCHU, Diosma crenata—b. Leaves,  Diosma
crenata.                              ,
  BUCKBEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata—D. Ame-
rican, Mcnvanthes verna.
  BUCK HURRY, Vaccinium statnineuni.
  BUCKET FEVER, Dengue.
  BUCKEYE, jiEsculus hippocastanum.
  BUCKHO, Diosma crenata.
  BUCKTHORN,  PURGING, Rhamnus.
  BUCKU, Dio.-ma crenata.
  BUCKWHEAT,  Polygonum fagopyrum —b.
Plant, eastern, Polygonum divaricatum.
  BUCNEMIA, see Elephantiasis — b. Tropica,
see Elephantiasis.
  BUCTON, Hymen.
  BUFF,  INFLAMMATORY,  Corium phlogis-
ticum.
  BUFFY COAT, Corium phlogisticum.
  BUG, (BED,) Cimex.
  BUGANTIA, Chilblain.
  BUO'GERY,  Sod'omy,  Sodom'ia,  Co'itus So.
domit'icua,- (I.)  Bugarone. Said  to  have been
introduced by the Bulgarians:  hence the name.
A carnal copulation against nature, as of a man
or woman with any animal; or of a man with a
man, or a man  unnaturally with a woman.  The
unnatural crime.
   BUGLE,  Prunella — b. Common,  Ajuga rep-
tans—b. Pyrolmidnle, Ajuga—6. Rampante, Aju-
ga reptans — b. Water,  Lycopus Virginicus — b.
Weed, Lycopus.
   BUGLOSE, Anchusa officinalis.
   BUGLOSS, DYER'S,  Anchusa tinctoria—b.
Garden, Anchusa officinalis—b. Upright, Ajuga.
   BUGLOSSA, Anchusa officinalis.
   BUGLOSSUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM MAJUS,
Anchusa officinalis—b. Latifolium, Borago offici-
nalis— b. Sativum, Anchusa officinalis — b. Syl-
vestris, Anchusa officinalis — b. Tinctorum.  An-
chusa  tinctoria — b. Verum,  Boracic acid — b.
Vulgare majus, Anchusa officinalis.
   BUGRANDE EPINEUSE, Ononis spinosa.
   BUGRANE, Ononis spinosa—b. des  Champs,
 Ononis arvenis.
   BUGULA, Ajuga — b. Chamoepitys, Teucrium
chamaepitys—b. Pyramidalis, Ajuga — b. Rep-
tans, Ajuga reptans.
   BUIS,  Buxus.
   BUISARD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bni-
 sard  is two  leagues  from Chateau-Thierry, in
 France.  The water contains chloride of calcium
and carbonate of lime.
   BULB, Bulbus,  (¥.)  Bulbe.  A name, given
by anatomists to different parts which resemble,
 in shape,  certain bulbous roots.  The Bulb of the
 Aorta is the great sinus of the Aorta.  Bulb of a
 Tooth; the  vascular and nervous papilla  con-
 tained  in the  cavity of a tooth. The Bulb or
 Root of the Hair is the part whence  the hair
 originates.   The  Bulb of the  Urethra is  the
 dilated portion formed  by the  commencement
 of the Corpus  spongioaum towards  the  root of
 the penis.  We say, also, Bulb, for Globe, of tha
 eye.
   Bulb of the Eye, see Eye—b. of the Female,
 Bulbus vestibuli — b. Rachidian, see  Medulla'
 oblongata.
   BULBE,  Bulb —6.  Rachidien, see  Medulla
 oblongata—6. du  Vagin, Bulbus  vestibuli—b. dt
 la Voute  & troia Piliera, Mamillary tubercles.
   BULBI FORNICIS, Mamillary tubercles-k.
 Priorum Crurum Fornicis, Mamillary tuberclei.
   BULBOCASTANEUM, Bunium bulborf.8-
 tanum.
   BULBO-CA VERNEUX,  Accelerator urinae.
   BULBO-CAVERNOSUS, Accelerator urinae-
 6. Syndeamo-caverneux,  Accelerator  urinse — b.
  UrSthral, Accelerator urinae.
II   BULBOCODIUM, Narcissus pseudonarcissns. 
BULBONACn             1
  BULBONACH, Lunaria rediviva.
  BULBUS, Bulb.                      •
  Bulbus Esculen'tus. The Es'culent  Bulb:
a particular kind, so denominated  by the  an-
cients.   It is supposed to have been  the Cepa
Ascalon'ica.—Dioscorides, Celsus, Pliny, Ac
  Bulbus  Glandulosus,  Proventriculus — b.
Medulla) spinalis, Medulla oblongata—b. Oculi,
see Eye — b. Olfactorius, see Olfactory  Nerves —
b. Pili, see Hair—b. Rachidicus, see Medulla ob-
longata—b. Vaginae, B. vestibuli.
  Bulbus Vestib'uli, B. Vagina, Plexus reti-
form'is seu reticula'ris seu carerno'sns,  Crura
clitor'idia inter'na, Bulb  or Semi-bulb  of the Fe-
male, (¥.)  Bulbe du Vagin.   A close-packed
plexus of intricately anastomosing veins, inclosed
in a fibrous investment, — being  an immediate
continuation and extension of thenars intermedia,
and occupying the space between the  beginning
or vestibule of the vagina and  the  rami  of the
pubic  arch on  each side.   It  is regarded  by
Lauth, Taylor, Morgagni and Kobelt as the ana-
logue of the male bulb.
   Bulbus Vomito'rius.   A  plant, said by Dios-
corides to  be emetic and  diuretic.   It  is  the
Muak-grape flower, according to  Ray,—the Hya-
cinthna Mttacari.
   BULESIS, Voluntas.
   BULGA, Vulva.
   BULIMIA, Boulimia.
   BU'LITHOS, from Bovs,  'an ox,' and AtSoy,
'a stone.'  A bezoar or stone, found  in the kid-
neys, gall-bladder, or urinary bladder of an ox
or cow.
   BULLA, (F.) Bulle.  A Bleb, (Sc.) Bleib.  A
portion of the cuticle, detached from the skin by
the interposition  of a transparent, watery fluid.
It forms the 4th order in Willan's and Bateman's
arrangement of cutaneous diseases, and includes
erysipelas,  pemphigus,  and  pompholyx.   By
some,  Bulla has been used synonymously with
Pempltigua.  See, also, Hydatid.
   BULLACE PLUM, Prunus in Sitia.
   BULL/E  ROTUNDA CERVICES  UTERI,
Nabothi glandulae.
   BULLDOG, Tabanus.
   BULL-FISTS, Lycoperdon.
   BULLOUS,  Bullo'sua,  (¥.)  Bulleux. Having
relation to a bulla or bleb, as a 'bullous eruption.'
Pemphigus has  been designated  Maladie  bul-
lettse, and Filvre  bulleuse, when accompanied by
fever.
   BULLSEGG, Typha latifolia.
   BFMBLEKITES, see Rubus fruticosus.
   BUMELLIA, Fraxihus excelsior.
   BUM-GUT, Rectum.
   BUNA, Coffea Arabica.
   BUNCOMBE, WARM AND HOT*SPRINGS
OF.   See North Carolina, Mineral Waters of.
   BUNDURH, Corylus avellana.
   BUNEWAND,  Heracleum spondylium.
   BUNIAS, Brassica napus.
   BUNIOID, Napiform.
   BUNION, Bunyon.
   BUNI'TES  VINUM.  A wine, made  by in-
fusing the Bunium in must.   It is stomachic, but
scarcely ever used.
   BUNIUM CARVI, Carum.
   Bu'nium  Bulbocas'tanum,  Bovvtov,  so  called,
it has been supposed, from growing on hills, from
Bowos, 'a hill,' or from the tuberosity of its root.
B. minus, Bulanocas'tanum,  Sium bulbocastanum,
Scandex bulbocastanum,  Carum  bulbocastanum.
Order, Umbelliferae.  The systematic name of a
plant, whose root is called Pig-nut, Agriocas'ta-
nitm, Nu'cula terres'tris, Bulbocaa'tanum majua et
vinus, Earth-nut, Hawk-nut,  Kipper-nut, (Sc.)
A runt, (¥.)  Terre-noix.   The root is  tuberous,
and is eaten raw or roasted.  It has been sup-
7            BURNT HOLES
 posed to be of use in strangury.  It is  not  em-
 ployed in medicine. .
   BUNNIAN, Bunyon.
   BUNWEED,  Senecio Jacobaea.
   BUN'YON, Bun'ion,  Bun'niaji,  from Bovvoc,
 'an eminence.'  [?]   An enlargement  and  in-
I flammation of the bursa mucosa at the inside of
 the ball of the great toe.
   BUOPHTHALMIA, Buphthalmia.
   BUPEINA, Boulimia.
   BUPHTHALMI HERBA, Anthemis tinctoria
   BUPHTHAL'MIA, Buophthal'mia, Buphthal,
 moa, Elephantom'ma, from Bovs, 'an ox,' and o0-
 SaXpos, 'an eye.'  Ox-eye.  Under this  name,
 the generality  of authors have  designated the
 first stage of hydrophthalmia.  Others, with Sa-
 batier, mean  by it, turgescence of the  vitreous
 humour,  which, by pushing the iris  forwards,
 forms around the crystalline a sort of border.
   BUPHTHALMUM  CRETICUM,  Anthemis
 Pyrethrum — b. Majus,  Chrysanthemum leucan-
 themum.
   BUPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia,  Semper-
 vivum tectorum.
   BUPINA, Boulimia.
   BUPLEUROIDES, Bupleurura rotundifolium.
   BUPLEU'RUM ROTUNDIFO'LIUM,  Bu-
 pleu'ron, Bupleuroi'dea,  from (iov, augmentative,
 and trXtvpov,  'side,' (F.) Bupllvre, Percefeuille,
 Round-leaved Hare'e Ear, Thorowwax.   Order,
 Umbelliferae.  The herb and seeds are slightly
 aromatic.   It was formerly celebrated for  curing
 ruptures, being  made into a cataplasm with wine
 and oatmeal.
   BUPLLVRE, Bupleurum rotundifolium.
   BUR AC.  Borax.  Also, any kind of  salt.
 (Arabic)
   BURBOT,  see Oleum  Jecoris Aselli.
   BURDOCK,  Arctium  lappa — b. Lesser, Xan-
 thium—b. Prairie, Silphium terebinthaceum.
   BURIAL ALIVE, Zoothapsis.
   BURIS, Hernia,  accompanied  by  scirrhous
 tumefaction;  or, perhaps,  a scirrhous tumour
 on ly.—Avicenna.
   BURN.  Sax. bejman or bypnan, 'to burn or
 bren.'  Us'tio, Ambus'tio, Adus'tio, Tresis Causis,
 Erythe'ma  Ambus'tio, Causis,  Encau'sia,  Pyri-
 caus'tum,  Combustu'ra,  Catacau'ma, Combua'tio,
 (¥.) Br&lure.   An injury produced  by the action
 of too great  heat on the body.   Burns are of
 greater or less extent, from the simple  irritation
 of the integument to the complete destruction of
 the part.  The consequences are  more "or less
 severe, according to the  extent of injury, and the
 part affected.  Burns of the abdomen, when ap-
 parently  doing  well,  are sometimes followed by
 fatal  results.  Their treatment varies,—at times,
 the antiphlogistic being  required; at others, one
 more  stimulating.
   BURNEA, see Pinus Sylvestris.
   BURNET,  CANADA,  Sanguisorba  Cana-
 densis.
   BURNETT'S DISINFECTING LIQUID or
 FLUID.   A  solution of chloride  of zinc,  first
 used by Sir William Burnett for preserving  tim-
 ber, canvass,  Ac, from dry rot, mildew, Ac, and
 afterwards as an antibromic and antiseptic, espe-
 cially in  the  case of dead bodies.  The Dublin
 Pharmacopoeia  has a Zinci Cfdo'ridi Liquor, So-
 lution of Chloride of Zinc, which is not near so
 strong as Sir  William's  preparation.
   BURNING,  Brenning.  A disease mentioned
 by old historians, from which authors  have un-
 successfully endeavoured to demonstrate the an-
 tiquity of syphilis.—Parr.
   BURNING OF THE FEET, see Feet, burn-
 ing of the.
   BURNT HOLES.  A variety of rupia,  popu-
 larly known in Ireland under this name; and not 
BURR                  148                 BUXUS
nnfrequent there amongst the ill-fed children of
tho poor.   See Rupia escharotica.
  BURR, Rotacismus.
  BURRAGE, Borago officinalis.
  BUR-REED, GREAT, Sparganium ramosum.
  BURRH, Rotacismus.  •
  BURRHI SPIR'ITUS MATRICA'LTS.  Tbe
Spirit of Burrhua for diseases of the  Womb.  It
is prepared by digesting, in alcohol, equal parts
of myrrh, olibanum, and mastic.  Boerhaave fre-
quently prescribed it.
  BURSA CORDIS, Pericardium—b Omentalis,
see Epiploon, gastro-hepatic—b. Pastoris, Thlaspi
bursa—b. T^stium, Scrotum—b. Virilis, Scrotum.
  BURSiE  MUCILAGLNOS.E, B. mucosae.
  BURSiE  MUCO'SjE, B. muco'aa veaicula'rea,
Buraa sou Cap'aula aynovia'lea, Blennocya'tidea,
Sacci  muco'ai,  Vesica  unguino'sa   teildintim,
 Vagina Synovia'les seu mucilagino'sa, Syno'vial
Crypts or Folliclea,  (¥.) Bouraea Synoviales  ou
muqiienaes ou mucilagineuses. Small membranous
sacs, (from Bvpaa, 'a bag, a purse,') situate about
the joints, particularly  about the large ones of
the upper and lower extremities, and, for the
most  part, lying under the tendons.  They aro
naturally filled with an oily "kind of fluid, the use
of which is to lubricate surfaces over which the
tendons  play.   In  consequence  of   bruises  or
sprains, this fluid  sometimes  collects  to a great
extent.   The bursae are, generally,  either  of a
roundish or oval form, and they  have been ar-
ranged  under two classes, the spherical and the
vaginal.
  Burs.*: Synoviales, Bursae mucosae.
  BURSAL, Bursa'lis.  Relating or appertain-
ing to bursae.—as a 'bursal tumour.'
  BURSALIS, Obturator internus.
  BURSERA ACUMINATA, B. gummifera.
  Burse'ra Gummif'era, B. acumina'ta, Tere-
binth'iis gummif'era, Jamaica Bark  Tree.   Or-
der, Terebinthaceae.  A resin  exudes from this
tree,  which, as met with in the shops, is  solid
externally ; softish internally ; of a vitreous  frac-
ture ; transparent;  of a pale yellow colour; tur-
pentine smell, and sweet, perfumed taste.  It has
been  used like balsams and turpentines in gene-
ral, and is called, by the French, Caohibou, Chi-
bou, and RSaine de Gomart.
  BURSITIS, see Synovitis.
  BURST, Hernia; Hernial.
  BURST EN, see Hernial.
  BURSULA, Scrotum.
  BURTHISTLE, Xanthium.
  BURTREE, Sambucus.
  BURUNHEM, Monesia.
  BURWEED, Xanthium.
  BLJRWORT, Ranunculus acris.
  BUSH, JEW, Pedilanthus tithymaloides.
»  BUSSANG, MINERAL WATERS OF.   Bus-
sang  is a village in the department of Vosges,
France.  The waters are acidulous chalybeates.
  BUSSEROLLE, Arbutus uva ursi.
  BUS'SII SPIR'ITUS BEZOAR'TICUS, Be-
zoar'dic  Spirit of Buasius.  A  preparation, re-
garded as sudorific, diuretic, and antispasmodic;
obtained by distilling subcarbonate and muriate
of ammonia, amber, oil of cedar or juniper, Ac.
  BUTE, ISLAND  OF, CLIMATE  OF.   This
island is in the Frith  of Clyde, about 18 miles
below Greenock.  The climate is mild and equa-
ble, but rather moist; and, as a winter residence,
it holds out advantages for those only that ap-
pear to  demand such a condition of  the atmo-
Ephere.   The climate  resembles, in character,
that of  the S. W.  of England and France, and
the Channel islands; although its temperature is
lower.
  BU'TEA FRONDO'SA, Erythri'na monosper'-
ma, Rudolph'ia frondo'sa, see Kino.   A  tree,
common in Bengal, and in the mountainous parts
of India;  Nat.  Ord. Leguminosoe;  from which
gum butca flows.  Dr. Pereira found this gum to
be identical with a specimen marked gummi ru-
brum astringens—the gomme astringtnte de Gam-
hie of M. Guibourt.   By some, this gum has  been
confounded with kino.
  BUTIGO, Gutta rosea.
  BUTOMON,  Iris pseudacorus.
  BUTTER, from Bovrvpov; itself from Bovs,  'ox,'
and rvpos,  ' any thing coagulated.'   Buty'rum,
Pice'rion, (¥.)  Beurre.   A sort of concrete oil,
obtained from the cream that forms on the sur-
face of the milk furnished by the females of the
mammalia, especially by the cow and the goat.
Fresh butter is  very nutritious, whilst the rancid
is irritating.   The ancient chemists gave  the
name Butter to many of the metallic chlorides.
It has also been applied  to vegetable substances,
which resemble, in some respects, the butter ob-
tained from milk.   The essential fatty matter in
it is bu'tyrin or bit'tyrate of glyc"erin.
   Butter of Antimony, Antimonium muriatum.
   Butter  of Bamrouc or Bamboc, (F.) Beurre
de Bambouc ou Bambuk.  A vegetable oil ob-
tained from a species of'almond,  and used in
Senegal in neuralgic and rheumatismal pains.
   Butter of Ca'cao, Oil of  Ca'cao, Oleum Ca-
cao spissa'tum,  0. Theobro'ma Cacao expres'sum,
(¥.)  Beurre de Cacao, Huile de Cacao.  A fat
substance, of a sweet and agreeable taste, ob-
tained from the Theobroma cacao or chocolate
nut   Owing to its firmness and fusibility,  it is
well adapted to serve as the constituent of  sup-
positories.
   Butter of Cocoa, (F.) Buerre de  Coco. A
fatty, concrete  substance, which separates from
the milk  of the  cocoa  nut.   It is  sweet  and
agreeable.
  Butter  and  Eggs, Narcissus pseudonarcissus
—b. Kokum, see Garcinia purpurea—b. of Nut-
megs, see Myristica.
   BUTTERBUR, Tussilago petasites.
  BUTTERCUPS,  Ranunculus acris, and R.
bulbosus.
  BUTTERFLY-WEED, Asclepias tuberosa,
  BUTTERMILK,  (Prov.) Churn-milk,  Kern-
milk, Whig, (Sc.) Bladoeh, Bledoch, Bladda, Kirn-
milk,  Sourmilk, (¥.) Babeurre, Lait de Beurre.
The thin, sour milk, separated from the cream, by
churning.  It contains caseum and a little butter.
It is a refreshing drink when newly made.
   BUTTERTEETH, Incisive teeth.
   BUTTER WEED, Erigeron Canadense.
   BUTTERWORT, Pinguicola vulgaris.
   BUTTOCK-HUMP, Steatopya.
   BUTTONBUSH, Cephalanthus occidentalis.
  BUTTONWOOD SHRUB, Cephalanthus occi-
dentalis.
   BUTUA, Pareira brava.
  BUTYRATE OF GLYCERIN, see Butter.
  BUTYRIN, see Butter.
  BUTYRUM, Butter—b. Amygdalarum  dul-
cium,  Confection (almond)—b. Saturni, Unguen-
tum plumbi superacetatis —b. Zinci, Zinci chlo-
ridum.
  BUVEUR, Rectus internus oculi.
  BUXTON, MINERAL WATERS' OF, Bux-
tomen'ses Aqua.  Buxton is a village in Derby-
shire.   The springs are thermal, and about 82"
Fahrenheit.  They  contain  sulphate of soda,
chloride of calcium, chloride of sodium, chloride
of magnesium, carbonate of lime, carbonic  acid,
and azote.   They are used in  cases in which
thermal springs, in general, are recommended.
  Brrvrr^n ttle °r D° mineral impregnation.
tv i n-'   „"'■ 8emPervi'™ne.  The Box-tree,
(¥.) Buis  ou Bouts.  The leaves are  bitter and 
BYNE
149
CACHECTIC
c.
applied in certain  cases to the umbilical region \
from Bvpaa. 'leather,' and St^eio, 'I tan.'
  BYRSODEPSICUM PRINCIPIUM, Tannin.
  BYSAU'CHEN, from Bv<j,  'I  stop  up,' and
avxiv, ' the  neck.'   A  morbid stiffness  of  the
neck.  One with a sh^rt neck,—Simotrache'lue.
  BYSSOS,  Vulva.
  BYSSUS, Byaaum.   The  ancients  gave this
name to several vegetable substances, which were
used for the fabrication  of stuffs  prized for their
fineness, colour, and  rarity  of material.  It is
now chiefly applied to the filaments, by the  aid
of which  the  acephalous mollusca attach their
shells to the rocks.   Byssus was formerly t.is-3
applied to the female pudendum.
  BYTHOS, Bv&os, ' depth.'  An  epithet used by
Hippocrates for the fundus of the stomach.
aromatic, and, as such, have been  used in medi- I
cine, in cases of worms,  dyspepsia. Ac, in the |
form of decoction.   They are sometimes, also, 1
added to beer.  The seed was anciently  called
Garth e'gon.
  BYNE, Malt.
  BY'RETHRUM.  A sort of cap or Vouvrechef,
filled with cephalic substances.—Forestus.
  BYRON ACID or SOUR SPRINGS.  These
Springs are in the town of Byron,  Genesee coun-
ty, New York.  The water is a nearly pure dilute
sulphuric acid.   They are powerfully astringent
and  tonic.
  BYRSA, Bvpaa.  A leather skin to  spread
plasters upon.
  BYRSODEP'SICON.   A tan stuff, with which
Celius JEurelianus sprinkled wool, which he
  C.   This letter in the  chemical alphabet sig-
nifies nitre.  It is also sometimes used in pre-
scriptions for calx.
  CAA-AP'IA, Dorate'nia Brazilien'aie seu eor-
difo'lia seu placentoi'dea seu vitella.   Order,
Urticeae. The root, according to Piso, is employed
as emetic and anti-diarrhoeic.
  CAA-ATAY'A.   A plant of Brazil,  supposed
to be  a species  of gratiola.   It is very bitter,
and considered to be one of the best indigenous
cathartics.
  CAACICA, Euphorbia  capitata.
  CAA-GHIYU'YO, Frutex bae'eifer Brazilien'-
tia.   A shrub of Brazil, whose leaves, in powder,
are considered detersive.
  CAAOPIA, Hypericum bacciforum.
  CAAPEBA, Pareira brava, Pothomorpha pel-
tata and P. umbellata.                       •
  CAAPONGA, Crithmum maritimum.
  CAAROBA.   A Brazilian tree, whose  leaves,
in decoction, promote perspiration.   See Cera-
tonia.
  CABAL, Cdb'ala, Cnbal'la, Calbala, Caba'lia,
Kab'ala, Gaballa.  This word  is from the He-
brew, and signifies  knowledge  transmitted by
tradition.  Paracelsus and several.authors of the
16th  and 17th centuries  have spoken  much of
this species of magic, which they distinguished in-
to Juda'ic or theolo'gian, and Hermct'ic or medic"-
inal;  the  latter being, according to  them, the
art of knowing the most  occult properties of
bodies  by an  immediate  communication  with
spirits,—the knowledge being thus  acquired by
inspiration, and incapable of inducing error.  It
was also called Are cabalia'tica seu eigna'ta, 'ca-
balistic art.'
  CABAL'HAU.  A plant  of Mexico, according
to Dalechamps, which passes for an antidote to
whi*e hellebore, and yet is used for poisoning
arrows.  It is unknown to botanists.
  CAB'ALIST, Cabalis'ta.   One  instructed in
the Cabal.'
  CABALLATION, Cynoglossum.
  CABARET, Asarum.
  CABBAGE,  Brassica—c. Cow, Nymphaea odo-
rata— c Irish, Dracontium foetidum —c Skunk,
Dracontium foetidum — c  Swamp,  Dracontium
foetidum—c. Water, Nymphaea odorata—c. Tree,
Gcoffnea inermis—c Bark tree, Geoffraea inermis.
  CABBAGIUM,  Geoffraea inermis.
  CABOTZ, Hagenia Abyssinica.
  CABUREIBA, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
  CABUREICIBA,  see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
  CACjE'MIA,  Cacha'mia, from  kokos,  'bad,'
and 'aipa, 'blood.'  A faulty or morbid condition
of the blood.
  CAOESTHE'SIS,   Cacaaatkt'sia, Oacoaathe'-
sis, from  kokos, ' bad,'  and ao,9nais,  ' feeling.'
Morbid sensation.  Morbid general feeling.  In-
disposition.
  CACAFERRI, Ferri subcarbonss.
  CAC'AGOGUE,  Cacago'gus, Cai'cagogue, Cac-
cago'gus, from xaxxn, ' excrement,' and ayttv, ' to
expel.'   An  ointment, composed of alum  and
honey; which,  when  applied to the anus,  pro-
duced an evacuation.—Paulus of .<Egina.
  CACALEXITERIA, Alexiteria.
  CACA'LIA ANTEUPHOR'BIUM, Anteu-
phor'bium.   Ord.  Compositae.   A plant, which
Dodoens  and others  considered to be capable of
tempering the caustic properties of euphorbium.
It is also called Klein'ia.
  Many varieties of the Cacalia are used, in dif-
ferent countries, chiefly as condiments.
  CA'CAO, Ca'coa, Caca'vi, Quahoil, Cacava'ta.
The cocoa or  chocolate nut; fruit of Theobro'ma
Cacao, Co'coa  Cacavif'era, Ca'cao  minor seu
sativa, Cacao theobro'ma, (¥.) Cacaoyer ou Ca-
caotier  ordinaire.    Family, Malvaceae.   Sex.
Syat. Polydelphia Pentandria.
  CACAO TIER ORDINAIRE, see Cacao.
  CACAOYER ORDINAIRE, see Cacao.
  CACATION, Defecation.
  CACATORIA, Diarrhoea.
  CAC'ATORY, Cacato'rius, from cacare, 'to go
to stool.'   Febria cacato'ria; a kind of intermit-
tent fever, accompanied by copious alvine evacua-
tions.—Sylvius.
  CACAVATA, Cacao.
  CACAVI, Cacao, Jatropha manihot.
  CACCAGOGUE, Cacagogue.
  CACCE, Excrement.
  CACCION'DE.  A sort of pill, chiefly formed
of catechu, recommended by Baglivi in dysentery.
  CACEPHEBOTE'SIA, from kokos, 'bad,' and
eiptBorns,  'puberty.'  Morbid puberty.  Disease
occurring at the period of puberty.
  CACHALOT, see Cetaceum.
  CACHANG-PARANG.  A sort of bean of Su-
matra,  mentioned  by Marsden, whose  seeds are
given in pleurisy.  Jussieu considered it to be the
Mimo'aa ecandena.
  CACHECTIC,  Cachec'tea, Cachec'ticua,  (¥.'
Oachectique, same etymon as Cachexia.  One at- 
CACHELCOMA            150                CACOSIS
 tacked  with  cachexia.   Belonging to cachexia.
 Cachec'tica remed'ia are remedies against ca-
 chexia.
   CACHELCOMA, Helcocace.
   CACHEN-LAGUEN, Chironia Chilensis.
   CACHET (¥.), 'a seal.'  A stamp or medicine
 stamp, used by the ancient Romans for marking
 their drugs,  especially those prescribed  in  dis-
 eases of the eyes; and  hence  called, by some,
 oculist atampa.   Some of those more lately dis-
 covered  amongst Roman antiquities, have been
 described by MM. Sichel and Duchalais,  and by
 Prof. Simpson, of Edinburgh.
   CACHEX'IA,  from xaxos, 'bad,' and  'tl-is,
 'habit.'  Status cachec'ticus, Cach'exy, Dysthe'sis,
 (F.) Cachexie.  A condition  in which the body
 is evidently  depraved.   A bad habit  of body,
 chiefly the result of scorbutic,  cancerous, or ve-
 nereal diseases when  in  their last stage.   Hence
 we hear of a Scorbutic Cachexia, Cancerous Ca-
 chexia, Ac.  Sauvages and Cullen have included
 under this head a number of diseases—consump-
 tions,  dropsies,  Ac.  Cachexia has been some-
 times confounded with diathesis.  Cachexia Ic-
 ter'iea is jaundice or icterus itself, or a disposition
 thereto.   Fluor  albus is sometimes called  Ca-
 chexia Uteri'na.
   Cachexia  Africana,  Chthonophagia—c  Cal-
 culosa,  Lithia—c. Cancerous,  see Cancer—c.
 Chlorotic, Chlorosis—c. Dysthetica, Dyscrasia.
   Cachexia, Gaol.  The deteriorated  organic
 actions induced by confinement  in prisons, which
 is so often the precursor  of scrofula.
   Cachexia Icterica, Icterus.
   Cachexia  Londinen'sis.   The  paleness  and
 other evidences of impaired  health presented by
 the inhabitants of London. A similar cachexia is
 seen in those of other crowded cities.
   Cachexia,  Lymphatica   Farciminosa,  see
 Equinia.
   Cachexia, Marsh, (F.) Cachexie paludeenne,
 ou palustre.  The state  of cachexy observed in
 malarious districts.
   Cachexia, Saturnina, Saturnismus—c. Scor-
 butic, see Purpura—c Scrophulosa, Scrofula.
   Cachexia  Sple'nica.  The state of scorbutic
 cachexia, which often accompanies  diseases, es-
 pecially enlargement of  the  spleen, Bplenal'gia
 Bengalen'sis, in India.
   Cachexia Venerea, Syphilis—c. Venous,  Ve-
 nosity—c Virginum, Chlorosis.
   CACHEXIE, Cachexia—c. Iodie, see  Iodine
 — c. PaludSenne,  Cachexia, marsh — c. Palustre,
 Cachexia, marsh.
   CACHEXY, Cachexia.
   CACHIBOU, see Bursera gummifera.
   CACUINLAGUA, Chironia ehilensis.
   CACHINNA'TIO,  from  cachinno,  'I   laugh
 aloud.'  A tendency to immoderate laughter, as
 in some hysterical and maniacal affections.
   CACIIIRI.  A  fermented liquor made, in Cay-
 enne™rom a decoction of the rasped root of the
 manioc.   It resembles perry.
   CACIILJiX.  A small  stone  or pebble, found
 on the sea shore.   One of these, when heated in
 the fire,  and  cooled in whey, communicates an-
 astringency to the liquid,  so that it was anciently
 esteemed to be useful in dysentery.—Galen.
   CACHOS.  An oriental fruit, apparently of a
 Bolanum, which is esteemed lithontriptic.
   CACHOU, Catechu.
   CACHRYS LIBANO'TIS.  An umbelliferous
plant which grows in Africa and  the south of
Europe.  It is aromatic and astringent.  Its seeds
are extremely acrid.
   Cachrys Maritima, Crithmum maritimum.
  CACHUN'DE.   An Indian troch or  pastile
composed of amber,  mastic,  musk, cinnamon,
iJces, rhubarb, galanga, pearls, rubies, emeralds,,
 garnets, Ac.   It is regarded by the people of In-
 dia as an antidote, stomachic and antispasmodic.
   CACO, xaKo, properly only an abbreviation of
 Kaxos.   In composition it means something  de-
 fective ; as in the following words :
   CACO^STHESIS,  Cacaesthesis.
   CACO-ALEXITERIA, Alexipharmic.
   CACOCHOL'IA, from kukos, 'bad,' and  xoXr/,
 'bile.'  Diseases induced by a depraved condition
 of the bile.
   CAC'OCHROI,  Cac'ochri, from  Kaxos,  'bad,'
 and xpoa, 'colour.'   Diseases in which the com-
 plexion is morbidly changed in colour.
   CACOCHYL'IA, from *a«foj, 'bad,'and  yuAoj,
 'chyle.'  Depraved chylification.
   CACOCHYM'IA, Kakochym'ia, Corrup'tio
 Humo'rum, from Kaxos, 'bad,' and xvu°i> 'juice,'
 'humour.'   Cacoch'ymy.   Depravation  of the
 humours.
   Cacochymia Plumbea,  Lead poisoning —0.
 Scorbutica,  see Purpura—c Scrophulosa,  Scro-
 fula.— c. Venerea, Syphilis.
   CACOCH'YMUS, Cacochym'icus.  One attacked
 with cacochymia.   Belonging to cacochymia.
   CACOCNE'MUS, Cacocne'micus,  Malis  suris
 pradltus;  from kukos,  'bad,' and xvnpn, 'the
 leg.'   One who has ba'd legs.
   CACOCORE'MA, from kukos, 'bad,' and Kopm,
 ' I purge, or  cleanse.'  A medicine which purges
 off the vitiated humours.
   CACODiE'MON, from kukos, 'bad,'and iaipm,
 'a spirit.'  An evil spirit, to which were ascribed
 many  disorders.  The nightmare.
   CACO'DES, from kukos, 'bad,' and o£mv, 'to
 smell'—ma 11 olens.   Having a bad smell; Caco'-
 dia, Cacoa'mia.
   CACODIA, see Cacodes.
   CAC0ETH'ES,<7acoefA'»V!K«, (F.) Cacolthe,from
 kokos,  'bad,'  and  t&os, 'disposition, habit,' Ac.
 Of a bad or vitiated character, as ulcus cacoeth'es,
 an ulcer of a malignant character.
   CACOETHICUS, Cacoethes.
   CACOGALAC'TIA,  Cacoga'lia,  from  xans,
 'bad,' and yaXa, gen. yaXaxros, 'milk.'  A bad
 condition of  the milk.
   CACOGALAC'TICA. Same etymon as the last
 One who suffers from a bad condition of the milk.
   CACOGALIA, Cacogalactia.
   CACOGEN'ESIS, (F.) CacogSnlae, from com*
 'bad,'  and ytvtois, 'generation.'  A morbid for-
 mation.  A monstrosity.
   CACOMORPHIA, Deformation.
   CACOMORPHOSIS, Deformation.
   CACOPATHI'A,  Pas'aio Mala,  from  ««««,
 bad,  and na%s, 'affection.'  A distressed  state
 of mind.—Hippocrates.
   CACOPHO'NIA, from kukos, 'bad,'and tpwr,,
 voice,' vitia'ta vox.  A dissonant  condition  of
 voice.
   CACOPLAS'TIC, Cacoplas'ticus, Dt/splasmat'-
 tc,- from kukos, 'bad,' and irXaoaw, 'I form.'  Sus-
 ceptible of only a low degree of organization, as
 the indurations resulting from  low or chronio
 inflammation, fibro-cartilage, cirrhosis, Ac.
   CACOPRA'GIA, Cacoprax'is,  from  ««*
 bad,  and™™, ' I perform.'  Depraved con-
 dition  of the  organic functions.
   CACOPRAXIS, Cacopra-ia
   CACORRHACHI'TIS, from  „«f, 'bad,' and
 paXis,  ' the spine.'  Cacor'rhachis, Cacor'haehis,
 Sn    t?    ' S^ndHlal'9ia.   Deformity of the
 Hon  nr ^r*86 futhe Spine'  Spontaneous luxa-
 nromfl    verteh™  and  ribs dependent  upon
internal causes.                           *

J^sSS?™*™?*178' Arr^h'mus, from »
gular   '      P  /i°J'  'rhyth< 'order.'   Irre-

  CACO'SIS.  Mala  disposil'io, (F.)  Vice.  A 
CACOSITIA              151                  CECUM
bad condition of body.—Hippocrates.  A diseased
condition in general.
  CACOSIT'IA, from  xaaos, 'bad,'  and cirtov,
•aliment.'  Disgust or aversion for food—Fas-
tid'inm cibo'rum.
  CACOSMIA, see Cacodes.
  CACOSOMI'UM, from xaxos, 'bad,' and amtpa,
'the body.'  An hospital for leprosy,  and incura-
ble affections in general.
  CACOSPERMA'SIA, Cacosperma'tia, Cacos-
pei'mia, from kukos, 'bad,' and airtppa,  'sperm.'
A bad condition of the sperm.
  CACOSPIIYX'IA,  from   KaKos,   'bad,'  and
atpv^tSt ' pulse.'— Vitio'sus pulsus.  Bad state of
pulse.—Galen.
  CACOSPLANCH'NIA, from francos, 'bad,' and
nrrXayxrov, 'a viscus.'   Indigestion.   The ema-
ciation  dependent upon  imperfect  digestion.—
Siebenhanr.
  CACOSTOM'ACHUS, from kukos, 'bad,'  and
aropa-Y-os,  'the stomach.'  What disagrees with
the stomach.  Indigestible.—Gorraeus.
   CACOSTOMATOSPHRESIA, Breath,  offen-
sive.
   CACOS'TOMUS, from\a/cos, 'bad,' and  aropa,
'a  mouth.'  Having  a bad  mouth, or a  bad
breath.
   CACOTIIANASIA, see Euthanasia,
   CACOTHYM'IA, Vit'ium An'imi, from xaxos,
1 bad' and Svvos, ' mind,'' disposition.' A vicious
state of mind.—Linden.
   CACOTRIBULUS, Centaurea calcitrapa.
   CACOTRICH'IA, from  kukos, 'bad,'and 0pjf,
roi^o;, 'hair.' Disease of the hair.
   CACOTROPH'IA, from kokos, 'bad/ and rpoipn,
 'nutrition.'—Vitio'sa nutrW'io;—disordered nu-
 trition.—Galen.
   CACOU, Cagot, Catechu.
   CACOU'CIA  COCCIN'EA, Coucin'ea,  Coc-
 citt'ea,  Schoueba'a coccin'ea, Tikimma. A peren-
 nial  twining shrub of South America, the plant
 of which, as well as the  fruit, is  possessed of
 emeto-cathartic properties.
   OACTIER, Cactus opuntia.
   CACTUS,  Cynara.
   CACTUS OPUN'TIA, Opun'tia, 0. vulga'ris.
 The  'Indian Fig,  (F.) Cactier, Raqttette, Figuier
 d'lnde.  Ord. Cactaceae.  This plant grows in
 South America, Spain, Italy, Ac. Its fruit, which
 has the  shape of the fig, is of a sweetish taste,
and colours the urine red when eaten. Its leaves
are considered refrigerant.
   The fruits of different  species of cactus are
called Tunas.
   CADA'BA, Stroe'mia.  A genus  of the family
 Cuppnridea, natives of India and  Arabia.   The
young shoots of the Cada'ba farino'sa are consi-
dered to be an antidote against venomous bites.
   CADA'VER, Ptoma, Necron.   A dead body,
cnrae, corpse, (Sc.) Corp;  a subject; a carcass,
(¥.)  Cadavre.  The word has been  supposed  to
come from cado,  ' I fall;' and by  some to be a
contraction from cciro data vermibtts, 'flesh given
to the worms.' [?]
   CADAVERIC, Cadaverous.
   CADAVEROUS,  Cadav'eric,  Cadavero'sns,
Necro'dea, (¥.)  CadavSreux,  CadavSrique.  Be-
longing  to the dead body;  as cadaverous smell.
The Cadav'eroua or Hippocrat'ic face, (see Face),
is an unfavourable sign in disease, and generally
denotes a fatal termination.
  Cadav'erous  or Cadav'eric   Hyperemia.
The  hypostatic hyperaemia  observed in depend-
ing parts of the dead body.
  CADDY INSECT, see Ectozoa.
  CADE, Juniperus oxycedrus.
  CADEJI-IN'M, Malabathrum.
  CADKL-AVANACU, Croton tiglium.  '
  CADIA.   An  Egyptian,  leguminous  plant.
 Tbe Arabs attribute to its fresh leaves the power
 of relieving colic.
   CADIVA INSANIA, Epilepsy.
   CADMIA, Calamina, Tutia.
   CADMI'I SULPHAS, Cadmium sulpitn'ricum,
 Sulphaa Ciidmi'eu*, 3kllni Sulphas, Klapro'thii
 Sulphae,  Klapro'thium  Sulphit'ricum,  Melinuin
 Sulphu'ricum,  Sulphate of Cad'miuin.  Used  in
 spots  on the  cornea, and  in  chronic torpid in-
| flammation of the conjunctiva, in the quantity
I of half a grain to a grain to the ounce of water.
 It does not differ materially in its properties from
 sulphate of zinc.  The nitrate, in tho dose of fth
 of a grain, induces vomiting and purging.
   CADMIUM  SULPHURICUM, Cadmii Sul-
 phas.
   CADRE DU  TYMPAN,  Tympanal.   The
 portion of the temporal bone which supports the
 membrana tympani.
   CADTCHU, Catechu.
   CADUCA  HUNTERI,  Decidua —c. Passio,
 Epilepsy.
   CADU'CITY, Imbecillitaa,  Debil'itaa,  Cadil-
 citaa,  from cadere, 'to fall.'  The French use the
 word  CaducitS for the portion of human life which
 is comprised  generally between 70 and 80 years.
 The age which  precedes decrepitude.  It  is so
 termed in consequence of the limbs not usually
 possessing sufficient strength to support the body.
 The precise age must of course  vary in  indivi-
 duals.
   CADUQUE, Decidua membrana—c. ReflSchie,
 see  Decidua membrana—c. UtSrine, Decidua—c.
  Vraie, Decidua membrana.
   CADURCUS, Vulva.
   CAD US, KaSos.  A Greek measure equal to ten
 gallons English.—Pliny.   Amphora.
   CECA  FORAM'INA (ANTERIUS ET POS-
 TERIUS) are situate at the fore and back parts
 of the tuber  annulare  of  the  brain, and at the
 extremities of the depression made by the verte-
 bral artery.   The  former is  placed  between the
 nerves of the third, and the latter between those
 of the sixth pair.
   CMCM  H^EMORRHOFDES,  Blind  Piles,
 (¥.) HSmorrhoides aveuglea, are those unaccom-
 panied by any discharge.
   CiECAh, Caca'lia.  Belonging to the Caecum,
 from ca'cua, 'blind, hidden.'   The Cacal arteriea
 and veina  are the branches of the Arteria et vena
 colica dextra inferiorea, distributed to the caecum.
 The Cacal or blind extremity of a duct  is  its
 closed termination.  See Caecus.
   CICATRIX, Cicatrix.
   CE'CITAS,   Ca'citas,  Cacitu'do,  Ablep'aia,
  Obcaca'tio,   Occaca'tio,   Anap'sia,  Ty'phlotes,
  Typhl.o'sis, Ce'city,  Blindness,  (¥.) Avettglement,
  CScitS, Perle de la vue. Caeeitas may be depend-
 ent upon many different diseases—as  upon amau-
 rosis,  specks,  hypopyon, cataract, glaucoma, oph-
 thalmia, atrophy of the eye,  Ac.
   CjEcitas  Crepuscularis,  HemeralopW— c.
 Diurna, Nvctalopia — c Nocturna, Heineralopia.
   CJECITE, Typhlo-enteritis.
   CiECITUDO, Ca;citas.
   CiECUM, Caecum, Intesti'num cacum, Monom-
 achon, Monom'acum, Monoco'/on,  Monoeu'ltim,
  Typhlo'teron  monoco'lon, Typhlolerum,  Typhlo-
 en'terum, liiil'ium intestlni  crassi, Saccus Intes-
 tini crassi seu Coli, Cacum Caput coli, Caput coli,
 Prima cella coli, InWium extu'berans coli, from
 cacus, 'blind.'   The Blind Gut, so called  from
 its  being open  at one end only.   That por-
 tion of the intestinal canal which is seated be-
 tween the termination of the ileum and  com-
 mencement of the colon ; and which  fills, almost
 wholly,  the right iliao fossa; where the perito-
 neum  retains  it immovably.   Its length is about
 three  or  four  fingers' breadth.  The lleo-cacal 
C-ECUS
152     CALADIUM ESCULENTUM
mafoe or Voire of Bauhin shuts off all communi-
cation between it and the ileum; and the Appen-
dix vermiformis caci is attached to it.
  Cecum  Fora'men of the frontal bone is a small
cavity  at  the inferior extremity of the internal
coronal crest or crista. — Fronto-ethmoidal fora-
men, (¥.) Trou aveugle ou borgne.  Morgagni has
given the same  name to the small cavity in the
middle of the upper surface of the tongue,  near
its  base;  the sides of which  are furnished  with
mucous follicles—Lacunes de la langue—(Ch.)
  Cecum, Phlegmonous  Tumour of the, Ty-
phlo-enteritis.
  CECUS.  'Blind.'   One  deprived  of sight,
 Typhlops,  (¥.) Aveugle, Borgne.  In anatomy, it
is  u<ed to  designate certain  holes or cavities,
which end in a cul-de-sac;  or have  only one
opening.   See Caecal.
  Blind  Ducla  of the  Ure'ihra,  (F.)  Conduita
aveuglea de I'urlthre, are the Mucous Lacu'na
of  the Ure'thra.
   CiELA-DOLO, Torenia Asiatica.
   CEMENTUM,  Lute.
   CjERULEUM  BEROLINENSE,  Prussian
 blue—c Borussicum, Prussian blue.
   CERULOSIS NEONATORUM, Cyanopathy.
   CESALPI'NIA, C. sappan, Sappan or Samp-
 fen wood, (¥.) BrSsillet, Bois de Sappan.  Ord.
 Leguminosa.  Called after Caesalpinus.  A  small
 Siamese  tree, the  wood of which is used in  de-
 coction, in cases of contusion.
   Brazil wood, Pertiambnco or Fernambuco  wood,
 formerly used as  an astringent, is  the wood of
 Cesalpin'ia  Echina'ta.  This is the proper
 Brazil wood;  but  another variety in commerce is
 the Brasiletto  from Caaalpinia Braailienaia and
 C. crista, which grow in the West Indies.
    The Nicaragua  or Peach-wood is analogous to
 this, and  is said  to be derived from a species of
 Caesalpinia.
    The kernel of Cesalpin'ia Bonducell'a, the
 seed of which is  called in India Kutktdeja and
 Kutoo  Kurunja, is given as a febrifuge  tonic.
 Dose, ten grains.
    CESA'REAN  SECTION, Caaa'rean opera-
 tion,  Tomotoc'ia,  Caaa'rea aectio, Partua caaa'-
 reua, Opera'tio  caaa'rea, Metrotom'ia, (F.) OpS-
 ration  Cesarienne,  from  cadere,  casum,  'to
 cut.'  An  incision made through the  parietes
 of the   abdomen and  uterus to  extract  the
 foetus.  In this  manner, Julius Caesar is said
 to  have  been extracted. — Pliny.  It is also
 called Hysterotom'ia, Hyaterotomotoc'ia, Gaatro-
 metrotom'ia,  Gaaterhyaterot'omy,  Gaatrometrol-
 ome,  Gaatrohysterolomy.  An incision has  been
 made into the uterus through the vagina, consti-
 tuting the  Vaginal Casarean  Section, Gaatro-
 elytrotom'ia, Gastrelytrotom'ia, Gastrocolpotonlia,
 Laparacolpotom'ia, Laparoelytrotom'ia, (¥.) OpS-
 ration cSsarienne  vaginale.  The  Caesarean  sec-
 tion,*/nay be required  when the mother  dies
 before delivery;  when there is some invincible
  Obstacle to delivery from the faulty conformation
  of the pelvis;  or when the child has passed into
  the abdominal cavity in consequence of rupture
  of the uterus.
    CESARIES, Capillus, Scalp.
    CESIUS, Glaucoma.
    CE'SONES, Ca'aarea. Children brought into
  the world by the  Caesarean operation.
    CESU'LIiE.  They who have gray eyes.
    CESURA, Cut.
    CMTCRU, Catechu.
    CAF, Camphor.
    CAFAL, Agrimony.
    CAFAR, Camphor.
    CAFE, Coffea.
    CAFE A LA SULTANE.  This  name has
been given to an infusion or decoction of the ground
coqttee or pericarps which surround the coffee.
  CAFE" CITRIN. The aqueous infusion of un-
roasted coffee, so called on account of its yellow-
ish tint.
  CAFEIN, see Coffea Arabica.
  CAFEIER and CAFEYER, Coffea Arabica.
  CAFFA, Camphor.
  CAFFEIN, see Coffea Arabica.
  CAFIER,  Coffea Arabica.
  CAFUR, Camphor.
  CAGAS'TRUM. The principal or germ of dis-
eases which are communicable.—Paracelsus.
  CAGNEUX, Cagot.  See Kyllosis.
  CAGOSANGA, Ipecacuanha.
  CAGOTS(¥.). A name given to deformed and
miserable beings, met with in the Pyrenees, Bern,
and Upper Gascony, in France, where they are also
called Capota.  In other  districts they are called
 GSzits, GSzitaina, CrStina, Gaheta,  Citpona,  Coli-
 berta, Cacoua, Gagneux, Ac  See CrStin. The word
 Cagot is supposed to be an abbreviation  of C'anii
 Gothua, ' Dog of a Goth.'
   CAGUE-SANGUE^Cac/uesano/we.
   CAHINCiE RADIX, Caincae radix.
   CAI'EPUT OIL,  Caj'eput oil,  Kyaput'ty, Ca-
 jupu'ti O'leum.   The'volatile oil of the leaves  of
 Melaleu'ca  Cajupu'ti,  Ord. Myrtaceae,  a native
 of  the Moluccas.  The oil has a strong, fragrant
 smell, like camphor; taste pungent and aromatic.
 It  is stimulant, and useful where the essential oils
 in  general are employed.  It  has also been called
 Oil of Witneben, from the person who  first dis-
 tilled it.
    CAIK, Pleurodynia.
    CAIL-CEDRA, Swietenia Senegalensis.
    CAILLE, Tetrao  coturnix.
    CAILLE, see Curd.
    CAILLEAU, Lantana.
    CAILLEBOTTE, see Curd.
    CAILLE-LAIT,  Rennet —c.  Blanc, Galium
 mollugo—c.  Vraie, Galium verum.
    CAILLETTE, Abomasus.
    CAILLOT, Coagulum.
    CAINAN.E RADIX, Caincae radix.
    C A I N'C M  RADIX, Radix Chiococ'ea, R.
  Caina'na seu Caninana seu Cahinca  seu Ka-
 hinca seu Serpenta'ria Brazilien'aia, Coined Root.
 The bark of the  roots of  Chiococc'a anguif'mja
 seu  denaifo'lia,  and,  perhaps, Ch.  racemo'sa, a
 plant of the Order Rubiaceae.  Sex. Syst. Pen-
 tandria Monogynia, of Linnaeus.  It is bitter,
 tonic, and diuretic, but has  not been long intro-
 duced.   Dose of the powder, from Qj to ^ss.
    Dr. John H.  Griscom, of New York,  considers
  there is a remarkable analogy between  the Cain-
  ca and the Apocynum cannabinum.
    CAINITO, Chrysophyllum Cainito.
    CAIPA SCHORA.  A cucurbitaceous Malabar
  plant, the fruit of which has a pyriform  shape.
  The juice  is drunk  in  that country for the pur-
  pose of arresting hiccough.  The fruit,  when un-
  ripe, is emetic.
    CAISSE, Case—c. du Tambour, Tympanum—
  c. du Tympan, see Tympanum
    CAITCHU, Catechu.
    CAJAN,  Phaseolus cretieus
    CAJUPUTI, Caieput.
    CAKES, WORM, STORY'S. These were com-
  posed of calomel and jalap, made into cakes, and
  coloured with cinnabar.
    CALABASH-TREE,   NARROW-LEAVED,
  Crescentia Cujete.
    CALADIUM ESCULENTUM, Arum esculen-
  tum.
    Cala'dtum Segui'num,  Nat. Ord. Aracese. A
  plant of India, whose acrid juice has been given 
CALAF                 153              CALCENOS
there in gout and rheumatism, and as an anaphro- j|
disiac to women. The tincture has been prescribed
in pruritus vulvae. •                           ||
  CALAF, Salix JEgyptiaca.   A large-leaved
Egyptian  willow, called, also, Ban.   The  dis-
tilled  water  of  the flowers, called Macahalef,
passes,  in that country, for  an  excellent  ant-
aphrodisiac   It  is  also used as  an  antiloimic,
antiseptic, and cordial.
  CALAGUALA, see  Calagualae radix.
  CALAGERI, Vernonia anthelmintica.
  CALAGIRAH, Vernonia anthelmintica.
  CALAGUA'LiE  RADIX,  Calague'la Radix.
The root of Polypo'dium Calagua'la seu adianti-
for'me  seu coria'cettm seu ammifo'lium  seu ar-
gen'teum seu politum, Aapid'ium  coria'cettm seu
ferrugin'eum seu dia'color, Tecta'ria  calahuala
seu ferrugin'ea,  Calaguala,  Calahuala.   Order,
Felices.  It has been exhibited in Italy in dropsy,
pleurisy, contusions, abscesses, Ac.  Its proper-
ties are not, however,  clear.
  CALAHUALA, see Calagualae radix.
  CALAMANDRINA, Teucrium  chamaedrys.
  CALAMBAC, Agallochum.
  CALAMBOUK, Agallochum.
  CALAME'DON, from KaXapos, 'a reed.'   This
word has had various significations.  Some  have
 used it for  an oblique fracture of a  bone; the
 fractured portions having the shape of the nib
 of a pen.  Others have used it for a longitudinal
 fracture;  and others,  again, for one that is  com-
 minuted.
   CALAMENT, Melissa calamintha.
   CALAMI'NA,  Calamine,  from calamua,  'a
 reed,'  so  called from its reed-like appearance.
 Cadmla,  C. lapido'aa aero'sa seu  fos'silis, Lapis
 Aero'aua, Lapis Calamina'ria, Calamina'ris,  Oar'-
 bonas Zinci impu'rus,  Cathmir, (¥.) Pierre  cala-
 minaire. Native impure carbonate of zinc.  Cala-
 mine is chiefly used for pharmaceutical purposes
 in  the  form of the  Calamina prjepara'ta (Ph.
 U. S.), Lapis  Calamina'ria prapara'tua, Car'bo-
 naa zinci impu'rus  prapara'tus, Zinci car'bonas
 prapara'tus, Prepared Calamine :—Calamine re-
 duced to an impalpable powder by roasting and
 levigation.   In this  state  it is  sprinkled  or
 dusted on excoriated parts, or to prevent exco-
 riation, Ac.
   CALAMINARIS, Calamina.
   CALAMINT, Melissa  Calamintha—c. Field,
 Melissa nepeta—c. Mountain, Melissa grandiflora
 —c. Spotted, Melissa nepeta.
   CALAMINTA HUMILIOR,  Glecoma hede-
 racea.
   CALAMINTHA, Melissa C —c. Anglica, Me-
 lissa nepeta—c. Erecta Virginiana, Cunila Mari-
 ana— c.  Hederacea,  Glechoma  hederacea— c
 Magno flore,  Melissa grandiflora — c. Montana,
 Melissa grandiflora—c. Nepeta, Melissa nepeta—
 c. Parviflora, Melissa nepeta — c Pulegii odore,
 Melissa nepeta—c  Trichotoma, Melissa nepeta.
   CAL'AMUS, KaXapos, ' the reed.' In the Phar-
 macopoeia of the U.  S., the rhizoma of acorus
 calamus.
   Calamus Alexandri'nus.   Celsus has  thus
 called a medicine,  which was long  confounded
 with  Calamus Aromaticus.    It  is not  a  root,
 however, but  the stalk of a  plant of India and
 Egypt, probably the Andropo'gon Nardus.   It
 entered into the theriaca, and has been regarded
 a?  antihysteric  and  emmenagogue;—Calamus
 aromaticus verua.
   Calamus  Aromaticus, Acorus calamus — c
 Aromaticus  verus, Calamus Alexandrinus—.c.
 Draco, C. rotang—c. Indicus, see  Saccharum—c.
 Odoratus, Acorus calamus, Juncus odoratus.
   Calamus Rotang, C. Draco.   Order, Palmae.
 The systematic name of a plant, whence Dragon's
 Biood, Sanguis Draco'nia, Cinnab'aris Graco'rum,
Draconthm'ma, (F.) Sang-Dragon, is procured.  It
is the red. resinous juice, obtained, in India, from
wounding the bark of the Calamua Rotang. It has
been used as an astringent in hemorrhages, Ac.;
but is now rarely employed.
  Calamus Scripto'rius, Anag'lyphe, 'a writing
pen,'  (F.) Fossette  angulaire  du quatrilme ven-
tricule.  A small, angular  cavity, situate at *he
superior extremity of the medulla, in the fourth
ventricle of the brain, which has been, by some,
supposed to resemble a pen.
  Calamus Vulgaris, Acorus calamus.
  CALAPPITE. Rumphius has given this namo
to calculous  concretions, found in the interior of
certain cocoa-nuts. The cocoa-tree itself the Ma-
lays call  Calappa.  These  stones are, likewise,
termed  Vegetable Bezoards.   The Miilays attri-
bute potent virtues to them, and wear them as
amulets.
  CALASAYA, Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex.
  CALBALA, Cabal.
  CALBIA'NUM.    The name of a plaster in
Myrepsus, the composition of  which  we know
not.
  CALCADINUM, Ferri sulphas.
  CALCAIRE, Calcareous.
  CALCA'NEAL,  Calca'neus,  from  calx,  'the
heel.'   Having  relation to  the calcaneum, as
' calcaneal arteries.'
  CALCANEO-PHALANGIEN DU PETIT
ORTEIL, Abductor   minimi digiti  pedis — c.
Phalanginien commun. Extensor brevis digitorum
pedis — o. Sous-phalangettien  commun,   Flexor
brevis digitorum pedis — c.  Soua-Phalangivien
commun, Flexor brevis digitorum pedis—c. Sous-
phalangien du petit  orteil, see Abductor  minimi
digiti pedis — c. Sua-phalangettien commun, Ex-
tensor brevis digitorum pedis.
  CALCA'NEUM, from calx, 'the heel.'  Calca'-
neua, Calcar, Calcia, Ichnua, Oa Calcia, Pterna,
Pter'nium.  The largest of the tarsal bones : that
which forms the heel.  It is situate at the poste-
rior and inferior part of the foot; is articulated
above and a little anteriorly with the astragalus;
anteriorly, also, with the os cuboides.  Its poste-
rior surface — called Heel, Talua, Calx, (¥.) Ta-
lon—gives attachment to the tendo-achillis : the
lower has, posteriorly, two  tuberosities, to which
the superficial muscles of the sole of the foot are
attached. The small Apoph'yeis or lateral Apoph-
yeia of the  Calca'neum, (¥.) Petit Apophyse ou
Apophyse latSrale du CalcanSum, is a projection
at  the upper surface of this bone,  on which is
formed the  posterior portion of the cavity that
receives the astragalus.  The great Apoph'yaia,
 anterior Apoph'yaia  of the  Calca'neum, is  the
 projection which corresponds, on one side, with
 the cuboides; and on  the other forms the ante-
 rior part of the facette which receives the astra-
 galus.
   CALCAR, Calcaneum, Ergot—c. Avis,  Hippo-
 campus minor.
   CALCA'REOUS, Calca'reus, Calca'riua, from
 calx, 'lime.' (F.) Calcaire.   Containing lime :—
 as  calcareous concretions, C. depositions, Ac
   CALCAREUS CARBONAS, Creta.
   CALCARIA CHLORATA, Calcis cbloridum—
 c. Chlorica, Calcis cbloridum — c. Phosphorica,
 see Cornu cervi—c. Pura, Calx—c. Pura  liquida,
 Liquor calcis.
   CALCARIA CHLORUM, Calcis chloridum.
   CALCATAR, Ferri sulphas.
   CALCATREPPOLA, Centaurea calcitrapa.
   CALCE'NA,  CALCE'NON,  CALCENO'NIA,
 CALCINO'NIA.  Words  employed by Paracel-
 sus to designate the concretions  of tartrate of lime
 which form in the human body.
   CALCENDS,  Calcetus. 
CALCEOLARIA
154
CALCULI
    CALCEOLA'RIA,  from  caheolus,  'a small
  flipper;'  Slipperwort.
    Calcik>la'ria Primata is used in Peru as a
  laxative.
    Calceola'ria Trif'ida is esteemed to be febri-
  fuge.
    CALOE'TUS,  Calceno'nius, Calce'nos.   That
  which abounds in tartrate of lime.  An adjective
  used  by  Paracelsus in  speaking of the blood;
  S'lni/nis calce'tus.  Hence came  the  expression,
  Calcined blood. Sang call int.
    CALCEl'M EQUINUM, Tussilago.
    CALCHOIDEA (OS), Cuneiform bone.
    CALCIA. Caleaneupi.
    CALCIFEROUS  CANALS, Canaliculi calci-
  feri.
    CALCIFICATION, see Cretefaction.
    CALCIC EROUS CELL, see Tooth.
    CALCIG'RADUS,  Pternob'ates,  from calx,
  the heel,' and gradus, 'a step.'  One who walks
  on his heels.
    CALCII CHLORIDUM,  Calcis  murias —c
  Chloruretum, Calcis murias—c. Oxychloruretum,
  Calcis chloridum — c. Oxydum,  Calx viva — c.
 Protochloruretum, Calcis  chloridum—c. Sulphu-
 retum, Calcis sulphuretum.
   CALCINATION, Calcina'tt\  Calci'non, Con-
 crema'tio, from calx, 'lime.'  The act of submit-
 ting to a strong  heat any infusible  mineral sub-
 stance, which we are desirous of depriving either
 of its water,  or of any  other volatilizable sub-
 stance that enters into its composition ; or which
 we wish to combine with oxygen.   Alum is cal-
 cined  to get rid of its water of crystallization;—
  /,//.•, to reduce it to  the state of pure lime, by
 driving off the carbonic acid ; and certain metals
 are subjected to this operation to oxidize, them.
   CALCINATUM MAJUS POTERII, Hydrar-
 gyrum praecipitatum.
   CALCINONIA, Calcena.
   CALCIS BICHLORURETUM, Calcis  chlori-
 dum— c  Carbonas,  Creta — c Carbonas durus,
 Creta, Marmor—c Carbonas friabilis,  Creta.
   Caicis  Car'bonas  Piuecipita'tus,  Precip'-
 itated  Car'bonate of Lime,  Precipitated  Chalk.
 This preparation, introduced into the last edition
 of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, is pre-
 p;n  d  as follows: Liq. Calcii Chlorid. Ovss; Soda
 Carl,.,„„t. fibvj; Aqua destillat. q. s.  Dissolve the
 carbonate  of soda in six parts of distilled water;
 heat this and the solution  of chloride of calcium,
 separately, to the boiling point, and mix.  Wash
 the  precipitate  repeatedly with distilled water,
 and dry on bibulous paper. It has the same pro-
 perries as creta  praeparata, and is preferred to it
 in certain cases,—for example, as an ingredient in
 tooth powders, owing to its freedom from gritty
 particles.
  Calcis Chlo'ridum, Chlo'ride or Chlo'ruret or
 Hypochlorite or Chlorite or O.rymu'riateof Lime,
 Calx chlorina'ta (Ph. U. S.) seu Oxtjmuriat'ica,
 Protoxichlor'ttret of Calcium,  Calca'ria chlora'ta
 seu Chloriea, Chlorum seu Chlnretum  Calca'ria,
 Oxychlorure'tum   seu  Protochlorure'tum  Calcii,
 Chlorure'tum Oxidi  Calcii,  Bichlorure'tum  seu
 Oxymu'riaa Calcia, Calcia Hypochlo'ria, Bleach-
 ing or Tenimnt'e  Powder,  (¥.) Protoxichlorure
 de  Calcium,  Chlorure  d'Oxide   de   Calcium,
 Chlorure OU Oxichlorure  ou Bichlorure OU Oxi-
 tinriate  ou Muriate auroxigSne ou oxiqene  de
 Chattx, Poudre de Blancheiiient, P. de fennant.
 A compound resulting froiri the action of chlorine
 on  hydrate of lime.   Chloride of lime is a most
 valuable disinfecting agent, (see  Disinfection,)
when dissolved in the proportion of one pound to
6ix  gallons of water.   It has  likewise been em-
ployed both internally and externally  in various
diseases, as in  scrofula,  foetor oris,  foul  ulcers,
Ac. Ac.
    Calcis Hepar, Calcis sulphuretum — c. ny.
  dras, see Calx—c Hypoohloris, Calcis ohloridum.
    Calcis Mu'rias, Muriate of Lime, Calx aallta,
  Calcii Chlorure'tum seu Chlo'ridum, Chloride of
  calcium, (¥.)  Chlorure  de calcium, Muriate ou
  Hydrochlorate de  Chaux.   This  salt has been
  given, in solution, as a tonic, stimulant, Ac, in
  scrofulous tumours, glandular  obstructions, gene-
  ral  debility, Ac.   A  Soltltio Muria'tis Gala's,
  Liquor Calcia ^Itiria'tia, Solution of Muriate of
  Lime, Liquid Shell, may be formed of Muriate
  of Lime, "%,'y, dissolved in diatilled water, f.^iij.
  The Liquor Cal'cii CnLo'RiDi or Solution of C'hlo.
  ride of Calcium, of the  Pharmacopoeia of tho
  United States,  is prepared as follows :■*-Marble,
  in fragments,  Sjix, Muriatic acid,  Oj ; Distilled,
  water, a  sufficient quantity.   Mix the acid with
  a half pint of  the water, and gradually add  the
  marble.  Towards the close of the  effervescence
  apply a  gentle heat,  and, when  the action  has
  ceased, pour  off the clear liquor and evaporate to
  dryness.  Dissolve the residuum in its weight  and
  a half of distilled water, and filter.  Dose, from
  gtt. xxx  to f £j, in a cupful of water.
    Calcis  Oxvmurias,  Calcis   chloridum —c.
  Phosphas, see Cornu cervi — c. Phosphas praeci-
  pitatum,  see  Cornu ustum.
    Calcis Sulphure'tum,  Cal'cii sulphure'turn,
 Hepar Calcis, Sulphuret of Lime,  S. of Cal'fium,
 Hydrosulphate  of Lime,  (¥.)  Proto-hyilrosidfate
 de Calcium, Hydrosulfate de chaux.  Principally
 used  in  solution,  as  a bath, in itch  and other
 cutaneous affections.
   CALCITEA, Ferri sulphas,
   CALCITEOSA, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
   CALCITHOS, Cupri subacetas.
   CALCITRAPA,  Centaurea  Calcitrapa, Del-
 phinium  consolida — c. Hippophaestum, Centau-
 rea calcitrapa—c Stellata,  Centaurea calcitrapa
   CALCIUM, CHLORIDE OF, Calcis murias-
 c. Chlorure de, Calcis murias—c. Chlorure d'oxide
 de, Calcis chloridum — c. Protohydrosulfate  de,
 Calcis sulphuretum — c. Protoxichlorure de, Cal-
 cis chloridum — c. Protoxichloruret of,  Calcis
 chloridum — c. Protoxide of; Calx —c Sulphuret
 of, Calcis sulphuretum.
   CALCO-SUBPHALANGEUS  MINIMI DI-
 GITI, Abductor minimi digiti pedis—c. Subpha-
 langeus pollicis, Abductor pollicis  pedis.
   CALCOCOS,  Bell-metal.
   CALCOIDEA, (ossicula,) Cuneiform bones.
   CALCOTAR, Ferri sulphas.
   CALCUL,  Calculus.
   CALCULEUX,  Calculous.
   CALCULI,  see  Calculus — c. Articular, see
 Calculi, arthritic ; and  Concretions, articular.
   Calculi, Alternating, see Calculi, urinary.
   Calculi, Arthrit'ic,  Tophi, Tuber'cula ar-  '
 thrilica,   Calculi  arthrit'ici  seu  podag'rici,
 Chalk-etonea,  Gout-atonea,  Nodea,  (F.) Piemt
 crayeuaea, Calculs arthritiques, Nceuds.  Concre-
 tions, which  form in the ligaments, and within
 the capsules of the joints, in persons affected with
 gout.  They are composed of uric acid, soda, and
 a little animal matter;  very rarely, urate of lime
 and chloride  of sodium are met with.  Similar
 calculi are found in other parts  beside the joints.
  Cal'culi, Bil'iary,  Calculi bilio'si teufell'ei
 seu bilia'rii,  Biliary  Concre'tions,  Gall-stones,
 Chololithus,  Cholclithua, (¥.)  Calculs biliairei,
 Pterres an fiel,  Angichololithe,—Piorry.  Some
 of these contain all the materials of the bile, and
 seem  to be  nothing  more  than  that  secretion
thickened.  Several contain Picromel; and the
 gK-ater part are  composed of from  88 to 94 parti
of Cholesterin and of from 6 to 12 of the yellow
matter of  the  bile.  Biliary calculi are most fre-
quently found in the gall-bladder: »t other times, 
CALCULI                15
Tn the substance of the liver, in the branches of
thi Dttrtua hepaticua,- or in the Ducttta Communis
CXohdoctt.ua.  The first  are called Cystic; the
second Hepatic ; and the last, sometimes, Hcpa-
toeyxtie.  The causes which give rise to them are
very obscure.   Often they occasion no  uneasi-
ni-.-<. and at other times  the symptoms  may be
confounded with those of hepatitis.  At times,
they are  rejected by the mouth, or by the bowels,
along with a considerable quantity of bile, which
had accumulated  behind them ;  at other  times
they occasion  violent  abdominal  inflammation,
abscesses, and biliary fistulae, rupture of tbe gall-
bladder,  and fatal effusion into  the peritoneum.
The passjige of a gall-stone is extremely painful;
yet the pulse is  not  at first affected.  Antiphlo-
gistics, when there is inflammatory action, and
strong doses  of opium,  to allay  the  pain and
spasm, with the warm bath, are  the chief  reme-
dies.   Solvents  are  not  to  be  depended  upon.
They cannot reach the calculi.
   Calculi. Bone  Earth, see Calculi, urinary—
c. Compound,  see Calculi, urinary—c. Cystic, see
Calculi, urinary.
   Cal'culi of the Ears, (F.) Calcula de lOreille.
Hard,  light, and inflammable concretions, which
occur in  the meatue auditoriua extertiua, and are
merely indurated cerumen. They are a frequent
caus,e of deafness. They can be easily seen, and
may be  extracted by appropriate forceps, after
 having been detached by injections of soap and
water.
   Calculi Fellei, Calculi, biliary—c. Fusible,
 see Calculi, urinary.
   Cal'culi,  Lach'rymal,  (F.)  Calcula  lacry-
 maux.  Concretions  sometimes,  but rarely, form
 in the lachrymal  passages, where they occasion
 abscesses  and  fistulae, which do not heal until
 they are extracted.  No  analysis has been made
 of them.
   Calculi, Lithic, see Calculi, urinary.
   Cal'culi of  the  Mamm.e, (F.)  Calcula  dea
 Manielles.  Haller gives a case  of a concretion,
 of a yellowish-white  colour, which had the shape
 of one of  the excretory  ducts of the mammary
 gland, having been  extracted from an  abscess
 seated in that organ.
   Calculi, Mulberry, see Calculi, urinary.
   Pal'culi of the  Pan'creas, (F.)  Calculs du
 Pancreas.   These are but little known.  Ana-
 logy has induced a belief that they resemble
 the salivary.  Some  have supposed that certain
transparent calculi,  rejected by  vomiting, or
passed in the  evacuations, have  proceeded from
 the pancreas, but there seems to be no reason for
this belief.
   Cal'culi of the Pine'al Gland, (F.) Calcula
de la  Glande PinSale.   These  have been fre-
quently met with. No symptom announces their
presence  during life.  They are  composed of
phosphate  of lime.
   Calculi Podagrici, Calculi, arthritic.
   Cal'culi of the Prostate, Proatat'ic  cal'culi.
These  are  not  very  rare.  They have generally
the same composition as  the preceding.  They
usually present  the  symptoms common to every
tumefaction of the prostate, and sometimes those
of calculi in the bladder.
   Cal'culi Pul'monary, (F.)  Calcula  pulmo-
nairea.   These  concretions are  very  frequently
met with in the dead body, without seeming to
have produced unpleasant symptoms during life.
At other tinies, they are  accompanied  with all
tbe symptoms  of phthisis, Litho-phthisia, Phthiaie
ealculeuae.  of  Bayle.  See Lithiasis pulmonum.
At times  they  are  expectorated  without the
supervention of any unpleasant symptom.  They
5                CALCULI
are usually formed of carbonate of lime and ani-
mal matter.
  Cal'culi, Sal'ivary, Calculi saliva'les,  Sia-
lol'ithi,  (F.)  Calculs  ealivairca.   Concretions,
usually formed of phosphate  of lime and animal
matter, which are developed in the substance of
the salivary glands or in  their excretory ducts.
In  the first case, they may be mistaken  for a
simple swelling of the gland; in the second, they
may generally be detected by the  touch.   They
may be extracted  by incision in the  interior of
the mouth.  The calculus "developed in the sub-
lingual ducts  has been called Calculus sublin-
gtta'lis and Ran'ula  lapide'a.
  Cal'culi,  Spermat'ic,  (F.) Calcula aperma-
tiqnea.  These have been sometimes found in the
vesiculae seminal.es after death.  They cannot be
detected during life.  No analysis has  been  made
of -them.
  Cal'culi of the  Stomach and Intf.s'tines,
Enterolithtta, E.  Calculus, Coprolithus, Concre-
tio'ncs alvlna, (¥.) Calcula  de I'estomac, C. in-
teetinanx ou etercoraux, Pierrca atercorales,  Con-
crStione intestinalee.   Calculi of the stomach are
rare, and have almost always been carried thither
by the antiperistaltic action of the intestines. The
symptoms occasioned by them are those of chronic
gastritis.  It  has  been imagined that the  con-
tinued uso of absorbent powders, as  magnesia,
will give occasion to them.
  Intestinal concretions, (F.) Calcula intestinaux,
are not uncommon in animals (see Bezoard:)
but  they are  rare in  man.  The  causes which
give rise to them are little known : sometimes a
biliary calculus  affords them a nucleus.   Tljeir
composition varies.  They are light,  hard,  very
fetid, and not  inflammable.   They are formed,
ordinarily, between the valvulae of the small in-
testines,  or in the cells of the large,  and some-
times  in old  herniae.  Whilst they do not ob-
struct the passage of the  alimentary  mass,  they
produce no unpleasant symptoms.  At times, the
movable tumour which  they form may be felt
through the parietes of the abdomen.  They are
generally evacuated per anum.
  Cal'culi of the Tonsils.   Calculous concre-
tions, which sometimes form in the tonsils.   (F.)
Calcula dea Amygdalea.   They are easily recog-
nised by the sight and touch :  sometimes  they
are discharged by spitting, either  alone or with
the pus  of an abscess occasioned  by  their pre-
sence.  They have not been analyzed.
  Calculi, Triple,  see  Calculi,  urinary — c
Uric, see Calculi, urinary.
  Cal'culi,  U'rinary,  Urolithi,  (¥.)  Calculs
urinairee, Pierrea urinairea.   Concretion J which
form  from the crystallizable substances in the
urine, and which are met with not only in the
whole course of the urinary passages, but in fis-
tulous openings wherever the urine  stagnates
naturally or accidentally.  Their causes are but
little  known. They are more  common at the two
extremities of life than at the middle, and more
so in  some countries and districts than in others.
At  times, a clot of blood, a portion  of mucus,
Ao., form the nucleus.  The symptoms and treat-
ment vary according to the seat of the calculus.
There is Ho such  thing  probably as  a medical
solvent  See Urinary  Calculi.
  Chymists   have   demonstrated  the  exist-
ence of several  components  of urinary calculi,.
viz.,  Lithic Acid, Phoaphate of Lime,  Ammo-
niaco-Magneaian  Phosphate,  Oxalate  of  Lime,
Cystic Oxide,  and  Xanthic Oxide,  with  an
animal cementing ingredient.  The varieties of
calculi, produced by the  combination or inter-
mixture of these ingredients, are thus represented
by Dr. Paris. 
CALCULIFRAGUS
156
CALCULS BILIA IRES
A TABULAR VIEW OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF URINARY CALCULI.
SPECIES OF CAL-CULI.	EXTERNAL CHARACTERS.	CHYMICAL COMPOSITION.	REMARKS.
I. lithic or tRlC	Form, a flattened oval. S. G. generally exceeds 1.500. Colour, brownish or fawn-like. Surface, smooth. Texture, laminated.	It consists principally of Lithic Jicid. When treated with nitric acid, a beautiful pink substance results. This calculus is slightly soluble in water, abundantly so in the pure alkalies.	It is the prevailing spccifs ; but the surface sometimes occurs fine ly tubi-rciilatcd. It fre-quently constitutes tlio nuclei of the other spe-cies.
2. MULBERRY, (P.) Calculs muraux.	Colour, dark brown. Texture, harder than that of the other species. S. G from 1.428 to 1.!I76. Surface, stuJdud with tubercles.	It is oxalate of lime, and is de-composed in the flame of a spirit lamp swelling out into a white efflorescence, which is quick-lime.	This spi-cies includes some varieties, wliirli are remarkably smooth and pale-mlmired, re-sembling Iiemp.iceit
3. BONE EARTH	Colour, pale brown or gray; surface, smooth and polished; structure, regularly laminated ; the lamina; easily separating into concrete crusts.	Principally phosphate of time. It is soluble in muriatic acid.	
4. TRIPLE.	Colour, generally brilliant white. Surface, uneven, studded with shining crystals, less com-pact than the preceding species. Between its lamina; small cells occur, filled with sparkling par-ticles.	It is an ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate, generally mixed with phosphate of lime. Pure alka-lies decompose it, extracting its ammonia.	1'liis species attains a larger size than any of the others.
5. FUSIBLE.	Colour, grayish white.	A compound of the two fore-going species.	It is very fusible, melting into a vitreous globule
6. CVSTIO.	Very like the triple calculus, but it is unstratified and more compact and homogenous.	It consists of cystic oxide. Un-der the blowpipe it yields a pe-culiarly fetid odour. It is solu-ble in acids, and in alkalies. even if they are fully saturated with carbonic acid.	It is a rare species.
7. ALTERNA-TING.	Its section exhibits different concentric laminae.	Compounded of several spe-cies, alternating with each other.	
8. COMPOUND.	No characteristic form.	The ingredients are separable only by chymical analysis.	
  1.  Renal Calculi, (F.) Calculs rSnaux.  These
have  almost  always a very  irregular shape:
at times,  there  is  no  indication  of their pre-
sence : at others, they  occasion attacks of pain
in the  kidneys,  sometimes  accompanied  with
bloody or turbid urine.  Often, they cause in-
flammation of the kidneys, with all its unplea-
sant results.  They are  generally formed of uric
acid, animal  matter, and oxalate  of lime, with,
sometimes, phosphates.  The treatment will have
to vary, according to the absence or presence of
inflammatory signs, — relieving the irritation by
opiates.  A surgical operation  can  rarely be ap-
plicable.
  2.  Calcidi  of  the  Ureters,  (¥.)  Calculs  des
UrStlres.  These come from the kidneys, and do
not produce  unpleasant effects, unless  they are
so large as  to  obstruct the course of the  urine,
and  to  occasion  distension  of  the  whole of the
ureters above them; or unless  their surface is so
rough as  to  irritate the mucous membrane, and
occasion pain,  hemorrhage, abscesses, Ac.  The
pain, during  the passage, is very violent, extend-
ing,  at  times, to the testicle of the same side
in the male; and occasioning a numbness of the
thigh in both sexes.  The treatment consists in
general or local blood-letting, warm bath,  and
opiates.
   3. Calculi,  Vesical;   Stone   in  the  Bladder,
Lith'ia  Vesica'lis, Lithlaeia cys'tica seu veaica'lia,
Cysto-lithi'aais, Dyau'ria calcitlo'sa seu  irrita'ta
Calculus  vesica, (¥.)  Calcula  vSaicaux.   These
are the  most common.   Sometimes, they proceed
from  the kidneys:  most  commonly,  they are
formed  in the bladder itself.  Sense of weight in
the perinaeum, and sometimes  of a body rolling
when the patient changes  his  position; pain or
itching  at the extremity of the glans  in  men;
frequent desire to pass the urine; sudden stop-
page to its flow; and bloody urine—are  the chief
signs which induce a suspicion of their existence.
We cannot, however, be certain of this  without
sounding  the patient.   Sometimes,  when of a
small size, they are expelled : most commonly,
they remain  in the  bladder, the  disorganization
of which they occasion, unless removed by a sur-
gical operation.
  4. Calculi, Ure'thral.  These almost always pro-
ceed from  the bladder.  The obstruction, which
they cause to the passage of the  urine, the hard
tumour, and the noise  occasioned when struck
by  a sound, indicate their  presence.  They  are
removed by incision.
  5. Calculi of Fis'tulous passages.   These arise
when there  is  some fistulous opening into  the
urethra.   They can  be  readily recognised, and
may generally  be extracted with facility.  (F.)
Calculs placts hors des voies urinaires.  See Uri-
nary Calculi.
  Cal'culi  of  the U'terus, (F.)  Calcula de
I'UtSrua.  These are very rare. The signs, which
indicate  them  during life,  are those of chronic
engorgement of the uterus.   Their  existence, con-
sequently, cannot be proved till after death.
  CALCULIFRAGUS, Lithontriptic.
  CAL'CULOUS, (F.) Calculeux, Gravelettx.
That which relates to calculi, especially  to thwe
of the bladder.
  Calculous Oxyd, Oxyd,  cystic.
  CALCULS (¥.), pi. of Calcul, a calculus. •
  CALCULS BILIAIRES,  Calculi, biliary —
c. de lEstomac, Calculi  of the  stomach—c. de 1*
Glande PinSale, Calculi of the pineal gland—ft
Intestinaux, Calculi of the stomach and intestiiM
— c. Lacrymaux, Calculi, lachrymal — c. des }ln-
mellea,  Calculi of the mammas — c. Muratie, at
Calculi, urinary — c. de  lOreille,  Calculi m th«
ears—c. du PancrSaa, Calculi of the  Pancrea—
c. PlacSa hora des voies urinaires. Calculi of fis-
tulous passages—c. Pulmonaires,  Calculi, puimo- 
CALCULUS              157         CALLIBLEPHARUM
nary — c. RSnaux, Calculi, renal — c. Salivairea,
Calculi, salivary—c. Spermatiquea, Calculi, sper-
matic—c. Stercoraux, see Calculi of the stomach
and intestines—c. Urinaires, Calculi, urinary—c.
des UrStlres, Calculi of the ureters — c. de I'UtS-
rus, Calculi of the uterus — c.  Vesicaux, Calculi,
vesical.
  CAL'CULUS,  Lapis,  Lithos.  A  diminutive
of calx,  a  lime-stone.   (F.)  Calcul,   Pierre.
Calculi are concretions, which may form in every
part of the animal body, but are most frequently
found in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in
the excretory canals.  They are met with in the
tonsils, joints, biliary ducts, digestive passages,
lachrymalducts, mammae, pancreas, pineal gland,
prostate, lungs, salivary, spermatic and urinary
passages, and  in  the uterus.   The causes which
give rise to them are obscure.
   Those that  occur in  reservoirs or ducts are
supposed to' be owing to the  deposition of the
substances, which compose them, from the fluid
as it  passes along the  duct;  and those  which
o.ccur in the substance of an organ are regarded
as the product of  some chronic irritation.  Their
general effect is to irritate, as extraneous bodies,
the parts with which they are in contact; and to
produce retention of the fluid,  whence they have
been formed.  The symptoms differ, according to
the sensibility of  the organ and the  importance
of the particular  secretion whose discharge they
impede.  Their solution  is  generally impracti-
cable : spontaneous expulsion or extraction is the
only way of getting rid of them.
   Calculus   Bezoar,  Bezoard — c.  Dentalis,
 Odontolithus — c. Encysted,  Calcul chatonnS — c.
Sublingualis,  see Calculi, salivary — c. Vesica?,
 Calculus, vesical.
   CALDAS,  WATERS OF.   Caldas  is a small
 town, ten leagues from Lisbon, where are mineral
 springs, containing carbonic and hydrosulphuric
acid gases, carbonates and muriates of lime and
 magnesia, sulphates of soda  and lime, sulphuret
 of iron, silica, and  alumina.   They  are much
used  in atonic gout.  They are thermal.  Tem-
perature 93° Fahrenheit.
   CALDE'RLE  ITAL'IOaS,   Warm  baths in
 the neighbourhood  of Ferrara, in Italy, much
 employed in dysuria.
   CALEBASSES, Cucurbita lagenaria.
   CALEDO'NIA SPRINGS.  These are in Penn-
 sylvania, fifteen miles from Chambersburg.  The
waters are pure;  temperature 52° Fahr.
   Caledonia   Springs,  see  Canada,  mineral
Waters of.
   CALEFA'CIENTS,  Calefacien'tia,  Therman'-
tica, from calidus, 'warm,' and facio, 'I make.'
 (F.) Eehauffants.  Substances which excite a de-
gree of warmth in the part to which they are
applied, as mustard,  pepper,  Ac.  They belong
to the class of stimulants.
   CALEFACTIO, Echauffement.
   CALENDULA ALPINA, Arnica montana.
   Calen'dula Arven'sis, Caltha Arven'sis seu
ofiicina'lis,  Wild  Mar'igold, (¥.)  Souci dea
 Champa.  Order, Compositae.   This is,  some-
times, preferred to the next.   Its juice has been
given, in the dose of from f^j  to f^iv,  in jaun-
dice and cachexia.
   Calen'dula Officinalis,  C.  Sati'va, Chry-
santhemum, Sponaa aolie, Caltha vulga'ris ; Ver-
ruca'ria, Single  or  Garden Mar'igold,  (Prov.)
Golding, (¥.)  Souci, S. ordinaire, Fleur de tons
les mois.  Family, Synanthereae, Syngenesia ne-
cessaria, Linn.  So called from flowering every
calend. The flowers and leaves have been exhi-
bited as aperients, diaphoretics, Ac, and have
been highly extolled in cancer.
  CALENDULA  MARTIALES,  Ferrum am-
moniatum.
  CALENTU'RA, Calenture, from calere, 'to be
warm.'  The word, in Spanish, signifies fever.  A
species of furious delirium to which sailors are
subject in the torrid zone :—a kind of phrenitis,
the attack  of which comes on suddenly after a
broiling day,  and seems to be characterized by a
desire in the patient to  throw himself into the
sea.  It is only a variety  of phrenitis.
  Calentura Continua,  Synocha.
  CALENTU'RAS; Palo de Calentu'ras.  Pomet
and L6m6ry say, that these words are sometimes
applied  to  cinchona.   Camelli says,  they mean,
also, a tree of the Philippine Isles, the wood of
which is bitter and febrifuge.
  CALF KNEE, Entogonyancon—c. of the Leg,
Sura.
  CALICE, Calix.
  CALICES REN ALES,  see Calix.
  CALICO BUSH, Kalmia latifolia.
  CALIDARIUM, see Stove.
  CALIDUM ANIMALE, Animal heat —c. In-
natum, Animal heat.
  CALIFORNIA,  MINERAL  WATERS OF.
Several  mineral springs exist in California, near
40° N. Lat, and  40£° longitude west of Wash-
ington, directly upon the California trail, leading
from the sink  of Humboldt river to  Pyramid
lake.  Their  temperature  varies  from  cold  to
almost boiling.  They ebb and flow at irregular
intervals;  have not  been  analyzed; but  some
have the taste of a strong solution of sulphate of
magnesia.  They have had the singular effect of
inducing blcnnorrhceal symptoms, both in man
and animals.
  CALIGATIO, Dazzling.
  CALI'GO.  'A mist.' Achlys,  (F.) Brouillard.
An obscurity of vision, dependent upon a speck
on the cornea:  also, the speck itself;  CaUgo cor'-
nea  seu  d  Nephel'io seu d Lettco'mate, Mac'ula
cornea seu semipellu'cida, Phtharma caligo, He-
betu'do  visits, Neb'ula, Opake cornea,  Wcb-eye,
Web, Pin-and- Web, (¥.) Nonage  de la CornSe,
Taie ou  Taye, Obscurcissement de la  vue, AkSra-
todiaphanie,—Piorry.
  Caligo Lentis, Cataract — c. Pupillse,  Syne-
zisis — c. Synizesis,  Synezisis — c. Tenebrarum,
Hemeralopia.
  CALIHACHA CANELLA, Laurus cassia.
  CALISAYA  BARK, Cinchona} cordifolia? cor-

  CALISTHEN'ICS, Callisthen'ies, Calistheni'a,
Callistheni'a, (¥.) CallisthSnie, from xaXos, 'beau-
tiful, and adtvos, 'strength.' The art of promoting,
by appropriate  exercises, strength of body, and
grace of movements.
  CALIX, Calyx, Infundib'ulum, from /coXvf,  'a
cup,'  'a flower cup.'  (F.)  Calice, Entonnoir.
Anatomists have given this name to small cup-
like membranous canals,  which  surround the
papilla?  of the kidney, and open into its pelvis,
whither they convey the urine :—Calices rena'les,
Cylind'ri membrana'cei Renum,  Fis'tula ure'te-
rum renum, Canalea mcmbra'nei Renum, Tu'buli
pelvia renum.   Their number varies from 6 to 12
in each  kidney.
  Calix Vomitoria, Goblet, emetic.
  CALLA PALUS'TRIS, Water Arum ; indige-
nous.  Ord. Araceae : has similar virtues to those
of the Arums.
  Calla Virginica, Peltandra Virginica.
  CALLEUX,  Callous.
  CALLIBLEPH'ARUM, from KaXXos, 'beauty,
and BXtipapov, 'eyelid.'  A remedy for beautify*
ing the eyelids. 
CALLICANTIIUS            158               CALCMBA
   CALLICANTIIUS, Calycanthus.
   CALLICAR'PA AMERICA'NA, French Mul-
 berry; indigenous.   Order, Verbenaeeae.  Used
 as a eutrophic in cutaneous diseases.  Said to be
 useful in dropsy.         *
'   CALLICOCCA  IPECACUANHA,  Ipecacu-
 anha.
   CALLTCREAS, Pancreas.
   CALLIOMARCHUS, Tussilago.
   CALLIPJE'DIA,  from  KaXXos,  'beauty,' and
 vats, *aifios, 'a child.'  The art of begetting beau-
 tiful children.  This was the  title of  a  poem  by
 Claude Quillet, in 1655"; "Callipadia  sive de pul-
 chra pro/ia  habenda  ratione."  The author ab-
 surdly supposes,  that the  beauty  of  children is
 affected  by the sensations which the  mother ex-
 periences during her pregnancy.
 •  CALLIPERS  OF  BAUDELOGQUE, see Pel-
 vimeter.
   CALLlPESTRIA, Cosmetics.
   CALLIPHYLLUM, Asplenium trichoma-
 noides.
   CALLIP'YGOS,  from  koXXos,  'beauty,' and
 irvyn, ' buttocks.'  A cognomen  of Venus, owing
 to her beautiful nates.
   CALLISTHENICS, Calisthenics.
   CALLITRICHE  AQUATICA,  C.  Verna—c.
 Heterophylla,  C  Verna — c.  Intermedia,  C.
 Verna.
   Callit'riche Verna, (kuXos, 'beautiful,' and
 Spi£, tjiixos,  'hair,' from its capillary and tufted
 stems,)  C. aquat'ica  seu interme'dia  seu hetero-
 phylla, Water chickweed, Water starwort: indi-
 genous ;  Order, Callitrichaceas ; is diuretic, and
 used in dropsy, in the form of tincture or of de-
 coction.
   CAL'LITRIS  ECKLO'NI.  A  South African
 tree, Ord. Coniferae, from the branches and cones
 of which  a  gum exudes, that  resembles Gum
 Sandarac.  This is successfully used  in the form
 of fumigations in gout,  rheumatism,  oedematous
 swellings, Ac.
   Callitris Cupressoides, a common  shrub in
 the neighbourhood of Cape Town,  exudes a simi-
 lar substance.
   CALLOSITAS, Induration — c. Palpebrarum,
 Scleriasis—c. Vesicae, Cystauxe.
   CALLOS'ITY,  Callos'itaa, Scyroa,  Tyle, Tylua,
 Tylo'itut, Tylo'ais, Dermatosclero'aia,  Dermatoty-
 lo'ma, Dermatotylo'aia, Dermatolylus, Portia, Ec-
 phy'ma  Callus.  Hardness, induration, and thick-
 ness of the skin, which assumes a  horny consist-
 ence in  places where it is exposed to  constant
 pressure.  (F.)  Durillon.  Also the  induration,
 which is observed in old wounds,  old ulcers, fis-
 tulous passages, Ac.
   CALLOUS, Callo'sus, Ochtho'des, from callus,
 'hardness.'  (P.)  Calleux.  That  which is hard
 or indurated. A Calloua  Ulcer ia one whose edges
 are thick and indurated.
   CALLUNA ERICA,  Erica vulgaris —c. Vul-
 garis,  Erica  vulgaris.
   CALLUS, Calua, Callum, Oateot'ylua, (F.) Col.
 The bony matter, thrown out between  the frac-
 tured  extremities of a bone, which acts as a ce-
 ment, and as a new bony formation.   The words
 are, likewise, used occasionally in the  same sense
 as Callosity.
   Callus, Provisional.  When  the shaft of a
 long bone has been broken through, and the ex-
 tremities have been  brought in exact juxtaposi-
 tion, tht  new matter, first ossified, is  that which
 occupies the central  portion of the deposit, and
 thus connects the medullary cavities of the broken
 end3, forming a kind of  plug,  which enters each.
 This was termed by M. Dupuytren  the provi-
 jional Callus.                                 |j
   CALM A NTS, Sedatives.
   CALME, (¥.)  The interval that separates tha
paroxysms of an acute or chronic disease. When
the type is intermittent, the word intermission ia
used.
   CALOMBA,  Calumba.
   CAL'OMEL, from xaXos, 'good,'and ^t\i5,
'black.'   A term, formerly applied to  ^Etliiopa
mineral.  By some, the mild chloride of nieretny
is said  to have been so called by  Sir Theodore
Turquet de Mayerne, in consequence of its having
been  prepared  by a favourite black servant, or,
according to others, because it was a good remedy
for black bile.  It  is  now applied  to the mild
chloride of mercury only.  See Hydrargyri sub-
murias.
   CALOMEL STOOLS.  A term applied to the
green, spinach-like, evacuations occasioned by
the internal use of the mild chloride of mercury,
   CALOMEL'ANOS  TURQUE'TI, Hydrargyri
submurias.  A  name, also, given  by Riverius to
purgative pills, prepared with calomel,  sulphur,
and resin of jalap.—Dictionaries.
   CALOMELAS, Hydrargyri submurias.
   CALO'NIA,- KaXtavta.   An epithet formerly
given to myrrh.—Hippocrates.  See Myrrha.
   CALOPHYLLUM  INOPHYLLUM,  see  Fa-
gara octandra.
   CALOR,  Heat — c. Animalis,  Animal  heat —
c. Nativus, Animal  heat.
   CALORICITE, (¥.) Caloric"itas. The faculty
possessed by living bodies of generating a suffi-
cient quantity of caloric to enable them to resist
atmospheric cold, and to preserve, at all tim^s
and in  every  pnrt,  a temperature nearly equal.
See Animal Heat.
   CALORIFA'CIENT,  Calorif iant, Calorifa'-
ciens, Calorifi'ans: from calor, 'heat,' and factte,
'to make.'  Having the power of producing heat
Relating to the power of producing heat.
   CALORIFICA'TION, Calorifica'tio, from co-
lor, 'heat,' and fieri, 'to be made.'  The function
of producing animal heat.
   CALORINESES,  from  calor,  'heat.'  The
name under which  M. Baumes  proposes to ar-
range  all  diseases  characterized by a sensible
change in the quantity of animal heat.  Tbe  Ca-
lorineses form the first class of his Nosology.
   CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA,  Mudar—c. Mu-
darii, Mudar.
   CALOTTE, (¥.) Pile'olum. Anatomists some-
times give the name, Calotte aponSvrotiqne, to
the aponeurosis of the occipito-frontalis muscle,
which covers  it externally; and that of Calotte
du crane to the scull-cap.
   Calotte is also applied  to  an adhesive plaster,
with which the head of a person labouring under
tinea capitis is sometimes covered, after the hair
has been shaved off.  This plaster is pulled sud-
denly and violently off, in order to remove  the
bulbs of the hair.   It means, also, a sort of c»if
made of boiled leather, worn by those who have
undergone the operation of trepanning, Ac.
   CALOTTE D'ASSURANCE, Condom.
  CALTHA ALPINA, Arnica montana—c.  Ar-
vensis, Calendula arvensis — c. Marsh, C. Palus-
tris— c.  Officinalis, Calendula arven-is.
  Caltha Palus'tris, Marsh Mm-'a/o'd, Mm*
Caltha,  Cowslips.  Order, Ranunculi o;e : indi-
genous.   A syrup prepared from it is a populal
cough remedy.
  Caltha Vulgaris, Calendula officinalis.
  CALTROPS, see Trapa natans.

,t>uAt^U^'B^' Colom'ho>  Calom'la, Colom'ba,
(Fh. U.  S.); Columbo, Radix Columba, (F )  ""-
lumbe ou  Columbe.  The root of Mitiieper'niu* 
CALUS                159              CAMPHENE
palma'tum,  Coc'cultte palma'tus.  Order, Meni-
spermacea?:  indigenous  in  Mozambique.   Its
odour is  slightly aromatic;  taste unpleasantly
bitter.  It is  tonic and antiseptic.  Dose, gr. 10
to ,5J in powder.
  Calumba,  American,  Frase'ra Walteri  seu
Cnrolinen'sis seu  Officinalis  seu  verticil lata,
Swer'tia  difform'is seu Frase'ra, American  or
Mariet'ta  Columbo, Indian  Lettuce,  Yellow Gen-
tian, Golden Seal, Meadow pride, Pyr'amid.  The
root Frase'ra (Ph. U. S.) is  used in the same
oases as the true Calumba.
  CALUS, Callus.
  CALVA, Cranium.
  Calva,  Cnlva'ria.  The cranium; the upper'
part especially; the skull-cap;—the Vault of the
Cranium, Cam'era.
  CALVARIA, Cranium.
   CALVA'TA FERRAMEN'TA.   Surgical in-
struments, which have a head or button.
  CALVIT"IES, Calvil'ium, Phalacra, Phala-
cro'ais, Glubril'ies, Ophlaaia, Depila'tio Cap'-
itis, Phtilacro'ma, Madaro'sis,Lipsotrich'ia, Bald-
ness, (Old Eng.) Ballednesse,  Cal'eity, Ac, from
culous, 'bald,' (F.) Calvitie,  Chaurcte.  Absence
of hair, particularly  at the top  of, and behind,
the head.
   Calvit"ies Palpebrarum is loss of the eye-
lashes.
   CALVUS,  Athrix.
   CALX,  Lime, Ca'rium  Terra,  Protox'ide of
Calcium, Calca'ria pura, (¥.) Chaux.  The lime,
employed  in  pharmacy, should  be recently pre-
pared by calcination.  When  water  is sprinkled
over caustic  lime, we have slaked lime, hydrate
of lime,—the Calcis Hydras of the London phar-
macopoeia.
   Calx, see Calcaneum — c. Bismuthi, Bismuth,
subnitrate of—c. Chlorinata, Calcis  chloridum—
c. Cum kali  puro, Potassa cum calce — c. Salita,
Calcis  murias — c.  Oxymuriatica, Calcis  chlo-
ridum.
   Calx e Testis;  lime  prepared from  shells.
It has probably no medicinal advantages over
that prepared from marble.
   Calx Viva,  C. recens seu usta, Calx et Calx
viva,  Ox'idum  Calcii, Fumans  nix,  Lime   or
 Quicklime, (¥.) Chaux vive.  The external ope-
ration  of calx viva is escharotic,  but it is rarely
used.  Lime  is a good disinfecting agent.  It is
employed  internally in the form of Liquor Calcis.
   CALYCANTH'US, C. Flor'idus, Callican'thtts,
[ ? ] Carolina Allspice, Sweet-acented shrub, Sweet
shrub, from  calyx, ' a flower-cup,' and avQos,  ' a
flower.'  An  indigenous plant;  Order, Calycan-
ttiucea?; with purplish flowers, of strong, agree-
able odour, which appear from  March to June.
The root is possessed of emetic properties.
   CALYPTRANTHES CARYOPHYLLATA,
Myrtus caryophyllata.
   CALYSTEGIA SEPIUM, Convolvulus sepium
—c. Soldanella, Convolvulus soldanella.
   CALYX, Calix.
   CAMARA, Calva.
   CAMAREZ, MINERAL WATERS OF.   Ca-
marez is  a small canton  near Sylvan&s, in  the
department of Aveyron, France, where there are
acidulous  chalybeates.
  CAMARO'SIS,  Camaro'ma, from xapapa, 'a
vault,' Camera'tio, Testudina'tio Cra'nii.  A spe-
cies of fracture of the skull—cam'erated frac-
ture—in which the fragments are placed so as to
form a vault, with its base resting on the dura
mater. — Galen, Paulus of ^Egina.
  CAMBIE-LEAF, Nytnphrea alba et lutea.
  CAMBING.  A tree of the Molucca Islands,
from the bark of which a kind of gum-resin  ex-
udes, which has been highly extolled in  dysen-
tery.   It appears to have some resemblance to
the simarouba—Rumphius.
  CAMBIUM,  ' Exchange.'   A name formerly
given  to a  fancied nutritive jui<e,  which wa?
supposed to originate  in the blood, to repair tho
losses of every organ, and produce their increase.
—Sennertus.
  CAMBO,  MINERAL AVATERS OF.  A vil-
lage in  the department  of Basses  Pyrenees,
France, where  there  are two mineral springs;
the one an acidulous  chalybeate, the other sul-
phureous.  Temperature, f}2° to 69° Fahrenheit.
  CAMBODIA, Cambogia.
  CAMBO'GIA, from Cambodia, in the East In-
dies, where  it is obtained.   Hence, likewise, its
names  Cambo'dia, Cambo'gium, Gambo'gia, Gam-
bo'giitm.Gaiitbu'i]iu>ii,Gamboi'dia. It is called, also,
Gutta,  Gutta gamba seu Gamandra,Gummi Gutta,
Catngau'na, Cattagau'ma, Chry'sopus, Laxatlius
Ind'icus, Gummi Bo'yia seu gaman'dra seu de Goa
seu de Jemu seu ad  Pod'agram, Chitta jenioco,
Camboge or Gamboge, (¥.) Gomme Gtttte.  Ord.
Guttit'erae.   A yellow juice obtained from Hebra-
dendron,  Cambogioi'des, and other plants of the
natural family Guttiferae, but  it is  not  known
from which  of  them the officinal camboge is ob-
tained.  It  is inodorous,  of an orange  yellow
colour; opake and brittle; fracture, glassy; is a
drastic cathartic, emetic and anthelmintic ; and
is used in visceral  obstructions  and dropsy, and
wherever powerful  hydragogue cathartics  are re-
quired. Dose from gr. ij to vi, in powder, united
with calomel, squill, Ac.
  Cambogia Gutta, Garcinia cambogia.
  CAMBU'CA, Cambuc'ca  membra'ta.   Buboei
and venereal ulcers, seated in the  groin or neat
the genital organs.—Paracelsus.  See Bubo.
  CAMELEE,  Cneorum tricoccum.
  CAMERA, Chamber, Fornix, Vault—c. Cordis,
Pericardium—c. Oculi, Chamber of the eye.
  CAMERATIO, Camarosis.
  CAMFOROSMA, Camphorosma.
  CAMINGA, Canella alba.
  CAMISIA FGETUS, Chorion.
  CAMISOLE, Waistcoat, strait.
  CAMMARUS, Crab.
  CAMOMILLE FETIDE, Anthemis cotula—
c. Puante, Anthemis cotula—c. Romaine, Anthe-
mis nobilis—c. des  Teinturiera, Anthemis  tincto-  *
ria—c.  Vulgaire, Matricaria chamomilla.
  CAMOSIERS, AVATERS  OF.   Camosiers is
a canton, two leagues from Marseilles, where are
two springs containing carbonate of lime,  sul-
phur, chloride of sodium, Ac.  They are  purga-
tive, and used'in skin  complaints.
  CAMOTES, Convolvulus batatas.
  CAMPAGNE, MINERAL   AVATERS  OF.
Campagne is in the department of Aude, France.
The waters contain sulphate and chlorohydrate
of magnesia.  Temperature, 80° Fahrenheit.
  CAMPAN'ULA.  Diminutive of campana, a
bell.                                 ^
  Campanula Trache'lium, Canterbury Bell or
Throatwort,  was formerly used, in decoction, in
relaxation of the fauces.  It is, also,  called Cer-
vica'ria.
  CAMPE, Flexion.
  CAMPHENE. The radical of camphor, which,
according  to Dumas, consists of camphene and
one equivalent  of oxygen.   Camphene or cam-
phine  is represented by pure oil of turpentine,
That whioh  is used for burning in lamps, and is
occasionally employed  therapeutically, is  oil of
turpentine purified  by distillation from a solution
of caustic potassa. 
CAMPHIRE              160         CANAL  DE PETIT
   CAMPHIRE, Camphor.
   CAMPHOR, from  Arab. Ca'phur or  Kam'-
 phur,  Catn'phora, Caphura,  Caffa,  Caf,  Cafttr,
 Cophora,  Altafor,   Camphire,   (¥.)  Camphre.
 A concrete substance, prepared, by distillation,
 from Laurus Cam'phora, Per'sea Cam'fora, Cam-
 phora officinarum, an indigenous tree of the East
 Iudies.  Order, Laurineae. Its odour is strong
 and fragrant: it is volatile, not easily pulveriza-
 ble; texture crystalline.  Soluble in  alcohol,
 ether, oils, vinegar, and slightly so in water.  Its
 properties are narcotic, diaphoretic, and sedative.
 Dose,  gr. v to ^j.  Dissolved in oil or alcohol, it
 i= applied externally  in rheumatic pains, bruises,
 sprains, Ac.
   Camphor Water,  Mistura Camphora?.
   CAMPHORA'CEOUS, Camphora'ceua.  Rela-
 ting to or containing camphor ;—as a ' camphor-
 aceoua smell or remedy.'
   CA.MPHURATA   HIRSUTA, and C. MON-
 SPELIEX.SIUM, Camphorosma Monspeliaca.
   CAMPH'ORATED,  Camphora'tua, (¥.)  Cam-
 phrS.   Relating  to  camphor; containing cam-
 phor:  as a camphorated smell, a camphorated
 draught.
   CAMPIIOROS'MA MONSPELIACA, C. Pe-
 ren'nl*, from Camphor, and 00707, ' odour.'  Sela'go,
 Camphora'ta hirsu'ta seu Monapelien'sium, Hairy
 Camphoros'ma,  (¥.) CamphrSe de Montpellier.
 Order, Chenopodiaceae.   Sex. Syst.  Tetrandria
 Monogynia.  This plant, as its name imports, has
 an  odour of camphor.  It is regarded as diuretic,
 diaphoretic, cephalic, antispasmodic, Ac.  It is
 also called Chamapeu'ce and Stinking  Ground
 Pine.
   Camphorosma Perennis, C. Monspeliaca.
    CAMPHRE, Camphor.
    CAMPHRE, Camphorated.
    CAMPHREE DE  MONTPELLIER, Cam-
 phorosma Monspeliaca.
    CAMPION, ROSE, Lychnis githago.
    CAMPOMANE'SIA   LINEATIFO'LIA.   A
  tree,  twenty to thirty feet high, which grows in
  Peru, and whose fruit—palillo—of a bright yel-
  low colour, and as large as a moderate-sized apple,
  has an exceedingly agreeable  scent, and is  one
  of  the ingredients in making the perfumed water
  called mistura.—Tschudi.
    CAMPS IS, Flex'io, Curva'tio, Infiex'io. Bone
* or  cartilage, forcibly bent from its proper shape,
  without breaking.—Good.
     Campsis Depressio, Depression.          '
     CAMPYLOR'RHACHIS; from KapnvXos,
  ' crooked,' and  paxis,  ' spine.'  A monster whose
  spine is crooked.—Gurlt.
     CAMPYLORRHI'NUS;   from  KapirvXos,
  'crooked,' and piv, 'nose.'   A monster whose
  nose is crooked.—Gurlt.
     CAMPYLOTIS,  Cataclasis.
     CAMPYLUM, Cataclasis.
     CAMUS, (¥.) Simus, Resi'mus,  Simo, Silo, Si-
  las.   One who has a short, stumpy nose.   The
  French speak of Nez camus, 'short nose.'
     CANADA  BURNET,  Sanguisorba cana-
   densis.
     CAN'ADA, MINERAL WATERS  OF.   St.
   Catherine's, at the  head of Lake Ontario, at the
   entrance  of the AVelland Canal, 12 miles from
   Niagara Falls, and on  the Great AVestern  Rail-
   road,  has a mineral  spring, much frequented,
   which Dr. Chilton, of New York, analyzed and
   found to contain chlorides of calcium, magnesium,
   sodium, and iron, sulphate of lime, carbonates of
   lime and  magnesia, bromide  and iodide of mag-
   nesium, silica and alumina.
     Tuecarora Acid  Spring is in the township of
Tuscarora, about 20 miles north of Pass Dover.
It contains a large amount of free sulphurio acid;
beside sulphates of the alkalies, lime, magnesia,
alumina and iron.
  Charlotteville  Sulphur Spring is a few milei
from  Dover, on  Lake  Erie.  It contains an un-
usual quantity of sulphuretted hydrogen.
  The Caledonia Springs—a well known water-
ing place—are a few miles south of the Ottawa
river, and 40  miles from Montreal.  There are
various sources ; one—the Gas Spring-~d\scha.rg.
ing carburetted  hydrogen; a Saline and  a Sal-
phur Spring; besides an  Intermitting Sprina,
which discharges large quantities of carburetted
hydrogen ; and in which iodine and bromine have
been  detected.
   CANAL, Cana'lia,   Ductus,  Mea'tus, Poros,
 Och'etos, [¥.)  Conduit.  A channel for affording
passage to liquids, or solids, or to certain organs,
   Canal,  Alimen'tary,  C.  Diges'tive, Cana'lit
seu Ductus ciba'ritts  seu  digestlvus seu alimen-
ta'rius, Tubus alimenta'rius  seu intestino'riim,
 Diges'tive Tube, Aliment'ary Duct or Tube.  The
 canal extending from the mouth to the anus.
   Canal,  Arach'noid, Cana'lia Bichat'ii, Canal
 of Bichat.  A canal, formed by the extension of
 the  arachnoid over the transverse and longitudi-
 nal fissures of the brain, which surrounds the vena
 magna Galeni.    The  orifice  of  the  canal has
 been termed the Foramen of Bichat.
   CANAL ARTERIEL, Arterial duct—c. de
 Bartholin,  Ductus Bartholinus — c.  of Bichat,
 Canal, arachnoid—c. Bullular, of Petit, GodronnS
 canal — c.  Carotidien, Carotid canal — c. Cholt-
 doque, Choledoch duct—c. Ciliary, Ciliary canal
 —c.  of Cotunnius, Aquaeductus vestibuli—c. Dt-
 fSrent, Deferens vas—c. of Fontana, Ciliary canal
 — c. GoudronnS, GodronnS canal—c. Hepatique,
 ■Hepatic duct.
   Canal  of  Huguier.   A  small canal at the
 inner side of the fissure of Glaser, through which
 the chorda tympani nerve leaves the  cavity of
 the tympanum.
   Canal, Hy'aloid.   A cylindrical passage, de-
 scribed by M. J. Cloquet as  formed by the reflec-
 tion of the hyaloid  membrane into the interim
 of the vitreous body around the nutritious artery
 of the lens.  M. Cruveilhier has never been able
 to see it.
   Canal, Inci'sive, see Palatine canals—c. Infra-
 orbitar, Suborbitar canal—c. Infiexe de Vos tem-
  poral, Carotid  canal—c.  IntermSdiare des ventri-
 cules, Aqua? ductus Sylvii.
   CanaL, Intes'tinaj,, Cana'lia seu Ducttia intet-
  tina'lia. The portion of the digestive canal formed
  by the intestines.
   Canal of Jacobson, Canal, tympanic.
   Canal, Med'ullary.   The cylindrical cavity
  in the body or  shaft of a long bone, which con-
  tains the  marrow.
   Canal, Nasal, Lachrymal canal.
    Canal of  Nuck.   A cylindrical sheath formed
  around the round ligaments of the uterus by a
  prolongation of the peritoneum into the inguinal
  canal.
    CANAL DE  PETIT,  GodronnS canal-e.
  Pulmo-aortique,  Arterial  duct — c.  Rachidian,
  Vertebral canal.
    Canal of  Schlemm.  A minute circular canal,
  discovered by  Professor Schlemm, of Berlin,   ft
  is situate at the point of union of the cornea and
  sclerotica.
    Canal, Spinal, Vertebral canal —e. SpiroUt
  de Voa temporal, Aquaeductus Fallopii—c. de Ste-
  non, Ductus  salivalis superior — c.  Thoraciqnt,
  Thoracic duct— c. Veineux, Canal,  venous — *
  Vulvo-uterine, Vagina —c. de Warthon, Ductal
  salivalis inferior. 
Tj  j-{^   ,.■> and
~g      con t ami- 
 
CANALES AERIFERI        161                 CANCER
   CANAL, Tym'panic, Cana'lia tympan'icua, Canal ]
 tf Ja'cobson.  A canal which opens on the lower
 surface of the petrous portion of the temporal
 bone, between the carotid canal and the groove
 for the internal jugular vein.  It contains Jacob- •
 son's nerve.
   Canal, ArEOTOR, Tube, Fallopian.
   Canal, Venous, Cana'lia seu Ductua veno'aua
 icu D. v. Aruu'tii, (¥.) Canal  veineux.  A canal i
 which exists only  in the foetus.   It extends from
 the bifurcation of  the umbilical vein to the vena
 cava inferior, into which it opens below the dia-
 phragm.  At times,  it ends in  one of the infra-
 brpatic veins.   It pours into  the cava a part of
 the blood, which passes from the placenta by the
 umbilical vein.  After birth, it  becomes a fibro-
 ccllular cord. ^
   Canal of AVirsung, see Pancreas.
   CANALES AERIFERI, see Bronchia.
   CANA'LES   BRESCHET'I.   Canals  in the
 diploe for the  passage of veins; so called after
 M. Bres;het.
   Can'alks Circulares, Semicircular canals—c.
 Cochlea?, Soalue of the cochlea—c. Lacrymales,
 Lachrymal duets—c. Membranei renum, see Calix
 —c. Tubaeformes,  Semicircular canals.       *
   CANALICULATED, Grooved.
   CANALICULATUS, CannelS, Grooved.
    CANALICULE, Grooved.
    CANALICULES CALCIFERES,  Canalieuli
 calciferi.
   CANALICULI, plural  of Canaliculus—c Bili-
 feri,  Pori  biliarii — c. of Bone, see Lacuna? of
 Bone.
   CANALICULI  CALCIF'ERI,  Cahiferous
 taiials, (¥.)  Canaliculea Calciferes.   Minute ca-
 nalieuli, observed with  the microscope,  in the
 cartilages of bones,  which are full of calcareous,
 salts.
   CANALICULI HAVERSIAN!, Canals, nu-
 tritive— c.  Lacrymales, Lachrymal  ducts — c.
 liiinacum, Lachrymal ducts — c. Semicirculares,
 Semicircular canals — c.  Seminales, see Testicle
 —e. Seminiferi, see Testicle—c. Arasculosi, Canals,
 nutritive.
   CANALICULUS,  diminutive of eanalia, 'a
 channel.'  A small channel.  See Canalieuli.
   CANALIS, Meatus — c.  Alimentarius,  Canal,
I alimentary — c.  Arteriosus, Arterial   duct — c.
 Bic.hatii, Canal, arachnoid—c. Canaliculars, Gor-
 get—c. Caroticus, Carotid canal—c. Cervicis, see
 Uterus—c.  Deferens,  Deferens vas—c. Eminen-
 tia? quadrigemina?, Aq«a?ductus Sylvii—c. Fallo-
 pii, Aquaeductus Fallopii—c". Intestinorum, Intes-
 tinal tube—c.  Lacrymalis, Lachrymal  or nasal
 duct—c. Medius, Aquaeductus  Sylvii—c. Medulla?.
 Spinalis, see Vertebral column—c. Nervous fistu-
 losus renum, Ureter—c. Orbita? nasalis, Lachry-
 mal  or nasal duct — c. Scalarura communis, In-
 fundibulum of the cochlea—c.  Semicircularis ho-
 rizontalis, see Semicircular Canals — c. Semicir-
 cularis verticaiis posterior, see Semicircular Ca-
 luils — c. Semicircularis  verticaiis superior, see
 Semicircular canals—c. Tympanieus, Canal, tym-
 p.mic—c. Urinarius, Urethra — c. Vidianus,  Pte-
 rygoid canal.
   CANALS  OF HAVERS, Canals, nutritive —
 c. Haversian, Canals, nutritive.
   Canals, Nutkitiye,  Canula for the nutrition
 of bonea, Ductua nutnl'ii,  Canalic'uli  vasculo'ai
 'seu Huveraia'ni, Haver'sian  Canala,  Canals of
 Havers, (¥.) Cunaax nourriciers ou dn Nutrition
 ties os, Conduits nourriciers ou nutriciers.   The
 canals  through which  tbe vessels pass to the
 bones.   They are lined by a Yery fine lamina of •
         11
compact texture, or are formed in  the texture
itself.  There  is, generally, one large  nutritious
canal in a long bone, situate towards its middle.
  CANAPACIA, Artemisia vulgaris.
  CANARIES,  CLIMATE  OF.   The  climate
of the Canaries greatly resembles that of Ma-
deira.   That  of the latter, however, is  more
equable, and  the  accommodation for> invalids
much superior.
  CANARIUM  COMMUNE, see Amyris elenii-
fera.
  CANARY-SEED, Phalaris Canariensis.
  CANAUX AQUEUX, see Aqueous—c. Demi-
circulaires, Semicircular canals—c. Ejaculateurs,
Ejaculatory ducts—c. Nourriciers, Canals, nutri-
tive—c. de Nutrition des os, Canals, nutritive.
  CAN A UX  DE . TRA X SMI SSI ON.  Accord-
ing to Bichat, the bony canals intended to give
passage to vessels and nerves going to parts more
or less distant—as the  Cnna'lis Carol icus, Ac.
  CANAUX  VEINEUX,  Venous Canals.   The
canals situate  in the diploe, which convey venous
blood.
  CAN'CAMUM.   A mixture  of several  gums.
and resins, exported from Africa, where it is used
to deterge wounds.  Dioscorides  calls,  by the
name xayKapov, the tears from an Arabian  tree,
which are similar to myrrh, and  of a disagree-
able thste.  He  advises it  in numerous diseases.
This name is given, also, to the Anime.
  CANCAMY, Anime.
  CANCELLATED, Canc-lla'tns, (¥.) CancellS;
from  Canoelli, ' lattice-work.'  Formed  of  can-
celli,  as the 'cancellated structure of bone.'
  CANCEL'LI,  'Lattice-work.'  The  Cellular
or Spongy Texture of Bones, (¥.) Tisan celluleux ;
consisting of numerous cells, communicating with
each other.   They contain  a fatty matter, analo-
gous to marrow.   This texture is met with, prin-
cipally, at the extremities of long  bones; and
some of the short bones consist almost wholly  of
it.  It allows  of the expansion of the extremities
of bones, without adding  to their weight, and
deadens concussions.
  CANCEL'LUS, from cancer, 'a crab.'  A spe-
cies of crayfish, called the  Wrong Heir, and Ber-
nard the Hermit:  which is said to cure rheuma-
tism, if rubbed on the part.
  CANCER, 'a crab.'   Car'cinos, Lupus cancro'-
sus.  A disease, so called either on account of tbe
hideous appearance  which the ulcerated cancer
presents, or on account of the great veins which
surround it, and which  the ancients compared to
the claws of  the crab :  called also  Carcino'ma.
It consists of a scirrhous, livid tumour, inter-
sected by firm, whitish, divergent bands; and
occurs  chiefly in the  secernent  glands.   The
pains are acute and lancinating, and often extend
to other parts.  The tumour, ultimately, termi-
nates  in  a fetid  and  ichorous  ulcer,— Ulcus
cancro'sum.  It is  distinguished, according  to  its
stages, into occult, Cancer occultus, and open,  C.
aper'tus;  the former  being the  scirrhous, the
latter the ulcerated condition. At times, there is
a simple destruction or erosiou of the organ, at
others,  an ehcephaloid  or  cerebriform,  and,  at
others, again,  a colloid, degeneration.
  For its production, it requires a peculiar dia-
thesis, or cachexia.  The  following table, from
Dr. Walshe, exhibits the characters of the three
species of carcinoma:
  The use of irritants in cancerous affections is
strongly to be deprecated.  When the  disease is
so situate  that  excision can be practised, and
the constitution  does not exhibit great contami-
nation, the sooner it is removed the better. 
CANCER  ALVEOLAIRE     162       CANCER DE GALIEN
          Encephaloid.

  Resembles  lobulated   cerebral
matter.
  Is commonly opake from its ear-
liest formation.
  Is of a dead white colour.

  Contains a multitude of minute
vessels.
  Is less hard and dense than scir-
rhus.

  Is frequently found in the veins
issuing from the diseased mass.
  The predominant inicmsr. pi' al
elements are  globilnr, not always
distinctly cellular, an.I caudate cor-
[tuscula.
  Occasionally  attains an enor
ino'is bulk.
  [las been  observed  in  almost
every  tissue of tin  b"cly.
  Very commonly  co-e"ists in se-
veral  parts or organs of the  same
subject.
  Is remarkable for its occasional
vast rnpi.lity of growth.
  Is frequently the seat of intersti-
tial hemorrhage and deposition of
black or bistre-roloured matter.
  When  softened  into  a  pulp, ap-
pears as a dead white or pink opake
matter of creamy consistence.
  S ihciitaneoiis tumours  are slow
to contract adhesion wilh the skin.
  Ulcerated  encephaloid   is   fre-
quently  the  seat  of hemorrhage,
followed  by rapid  fungous develop-
ment.
  The progress of the disease after
ulceration is commonly very rapid.

  It is the most common form un-
der which secondary cancer exhi-
bits itself
  Is the species of cancer most fre-
quently observed in young subjects.
           Scirrhus.

  Kosr-mblf s rind  of  bacon  tra-
versed bv celliiln-fibrnns septa.
  Has  a semi transparent glossi-
ness.
  Has  a clear whitish or  bluish
yellow tint.
  Is comparatively ill-supplied with
vessels.
  Is exceedingly firm and dense.
  Has not bpen distinctly detected
in this situation.
  The main microsropiral consti-
tuents are juxtaposed nuclear eel's ; |
caudate  corpuscula  do  not  exist
in it.
  Rarely acquires  larger  dimen-
sion iMan an orange.
  Its seat as ascertained by obser-
vation, is somewhat more limited.
  Is not unusually solitary.
  Ordinarily grows slowly.

  Is comparatively rarely the seat
of these changes.

  Resembles, when softened, a yel-
lowisb brown semitrauspareiit ge-
latinous matter.
  rir irrh is thus  situate usually be-
corri-s adherent.
  Scirrhous  ulceis much less fre-
quently give rise to  hemorrhage ;
and  fungous  growths  (prnvHed
they retain  the  scirrhous charac-
ter) are now more  slowly and less
ab'in lantly developed.
  There is not  such  a remarkable
rhaiigp in the rate of progress of the
disease after ulceration has set in.
  Is much less common before pu-
berty.
             Colloid.

  Has tho appearance of par tides of
jelly inlaid in a regulai alveolarh'-ri
  The  contained  matter is siriK
insly transparent.
  (Jreenish yellow is  its prerininj.
nam hue.
  \\> vessels havp not been suffl-
ciently examined n* jvl.
  The  jelly-like  matter  is exceed
ingly soft ;  a cull- i'' muss is, how.
ever, firm and resisting.
  The pnltacemis wiriety lias been
detected in  the v- ins.
  Is composed of shells in a stale
of cmboitcment
  Observes a mean in this respect

  Has so far been seen in a limited
number of parts only.
  Has rarely been met w ith in more
than one organ.

  Rmws with a medium degree of
rapidity.
  Undergoes no visible change of
the kind.
  Has so far been observed in adults I
only.                          j
  CANCER  ALVEOLAIRE,  Colloid —c. Al-
veolaris, Colloid—c. Apertus, see Cancer.
  CANCER AQUAT'lCUS,  Gan'grenous stomatitis,
Cancrum  Oris,  Gangranop'sis,   Canker  of  the
mouth, Gan'grenous sore  mouth, Gan'grenous cro'-
sion of the cheek, Sloughing  Phar/eda'na of the
mouth,  Water  Canker: called, also,  Aphtha ser-
pen'tea,  Gangra'na  Oria,  Noma, Nome,  Nomns,
Paeudocarcino'ma la'bii, Stomac'ace gangrano'sa,
Cheiloc'aee,  Uloc'ace,  Uli'tis sep'tiea, Cltciloma-
la'cia, Scorbu'ttta Oria, Stomatomala'cirt pu'triila,
Stomatosep'sia,   Stomatonecrosis,   Carbiin'culus
labio'rttm  et  gena'rum,  (¥.)  Cancer aqitatiqne,
Stomatite gangrSneuse, S. Charbonneuse,  Gangrlne
ou  Sphaclle  de la Bouche, Finarite, Aphthe gan-
grSneux.  Certain sloughing or gangrenous ulcers
of the mouth — so  called, perhaps, because they
are often accompanied with  an  afflux of saliva.
The disease  is not  uncommon in children's asy-
lums, and demands the same treatment as hospi-
tal  gangrene — the employment  of caustics, and
internal and external antiseptics.
  CANCER  AQUATIQUE,  Canoer aqnaticus,
ptomacace-—c. ArSolaire, Colloid—c. Astarus, see
Cancrorum chela?—c. Black, Cancer melanotic—
c. of the  Breast, Mastocareinoma—e.   Camina-
riorum, Cancer, chimney-sweepers' — c. Cellular,
Encephaloid—c. CerSbriforme, see Encephaloid.
  Cancer, Chimney-sweepers', Soot wart, Can-
cer mundito'rum  seu purgato'ria iufuinic'tili seu
ciminario'rum, Cancer seu carcino'ma aeroti, 0*-
cheocarcino'ma,   Oachocarcino'ma,  (¥.)  Cam-.er
dea  Rumoneura.  This affection  begins  with   a
superficial, painful, irregular ulcer, with  hard and
elevated edges, occupying the lower part of the
scrotum.   Extirpation of the diseased part is tb«
only means of effecting a cure.
   CANCER  COLLOtDE, Colloid.
   Cancek, Davidson's Remedy for, see Conium
maculatum.
   CANCER  DUR, Scirrhus.
   CANCER  EBURNE.  A  kind of waxy (lege
neration of the breast, so called  by M. Alibert, '"it
which appear-i to be in no way  allied to cancer.
   CANCER  ENCEPII AJJj'fl'E. Seirrlms-c.
Epithelial, see Epithelial—c.  Fibren.e, Scirrhus—
C. Fibrous, Scirrhous—c. du Foie, HSpatusurromit.
   Cancer Gale'ni, (V.)  Cancer  de Gulint.  A
bandage for the  head, to  which (Jalcn  gave the
name  eancer, from its  eight heads resembling,
rudely, the claws of the  crab.   It is now sup-
plied  by the  bandage with six chefs or heads
which is  called  the Bandage of  Galen  or B. of
the Poor.
   CANCER  DE  GALIEN,  Cancer Galeni-c
Oelatiniform, Colloid—e. Gelatinous, Colloid—*.
Gommeux. Colloid—c. Hard, Scirrhus—c. Inte*-
tinorum, Entoropathia cancerosa—c dea In'^tia;
Enteropathia cancerosa—c. of the Lung, I'lith^i",
cancerous — c. Lupus,  Lupus — c.  Mastoid.  M
Mastoid cancer—c. Medullaris, Encephaloid-e.
Melaeneus, Cancer, melanotic—c.  Melane,  Cancer,
melanotic—c. Mel-anodes,  Cancer, melauotic.
   C*\Ci:R, Mki.anot'ic, Cancer melnna'ilea. Car-
citio'ma melano'des seu  mehinolinim seu  »i-'«'-
nene,   Fungita  melano'des,   Melano-ea, ri »■■'!»«,
Black or Md'anoid Cancer, (¥.) Cancer  Mel'iw
A  combination of cancer and melanosis.
   Cancer, Miltlike, see  Miltlike. 
CANCEREUX            163              CANITIES
  Cancer  Mollis, see  Encephaloid — c.  Mou,
•Encephaloid—c. Munditorum, Cancer,  chimney-
sweepers'—c. Nephroid, see Nephroid—c. Occul-
tus, see Cancer — c. Oculi, Scirrhophthalinus — c.
Oris,  Stomacace — c.  Ossis,  Spina ventosa — c.
Pharyngis  et oesophagi,  La?raoscirrhus — c. Pul-
tacS, Colloid — c. Purgatoris infumiculi,  Cancer,
chimney-sweepers' — c.  dea Rumoneiu-a,  Cancer,
chimney-sweepers' — c. Scirrhosus,  Scirrhus — c.
Scroti, Cancer,  chimney-sweepers'—c.  Soft, Hue-
matodes fungus — c. Solanoid, see Solanoid— c.
Squirrhettx, Scirrhus — c. of the  Stomach, Gas-
frostenosis  cardiaca et pylorica—c. Uteri, Metro-
carcinoma.
   CASCEREUX, Cancerous.
   CANCER ROOT, Orobanche Virginiana, Phy-
tolacca decandra—c. Weed, Goodyera pubescens,
Salvia lyrata.
   CAXCEROMA,  Carcinoma.
   CAN'CEROUS,  Cancro'stis, Carcino'sua, (¥.)
 CancSreux.  Relating to  cancer; as  Cunceroua
ulcer, Canceroua diathesis.
   CANCHALAGUA, Chironia Chilensis.
   CANCRENA. Gangrene.
   CAXCRODES, Cancroid.
   CAN'CROID, Kankroid, Cancro'des, Cancroi'
dea, Carcino'dea, Carcinoides, Cancroideus, from
cancer  and ttios, 'form.'  That which  assumes  a
cancerous appearance.   Cancroid  is a name given
to certain  cutaneous cancers  by  Alibert: called
also Cheloid or Keloid,  Cheloia, Can'crois, Ke-
loi'dea, (xcXvs,  'a tortoise,'and ttios,  'likeness;'
or from ki/Xcj, 'a spot or stain,' and ttios,  'like-
ness;')  Kelia,  from their presenting  a flatfish
raised patch of  integument, resembling the shell
 uf a tortoise.
   Cancroid of the Skin, see Epithelial.
   CANCROIS,  see Cancroid.
   CANCROMA, Carcinoma.
   CANCRO'RUM CHELAE, Oc'uli seu Lap'idea
seu  Lapilli Cancro'rum,  Concremen'ta As'tuci
jlttviat'ilia, Crab'a  atonea  or  eyes,  (F.)  Yeux
d'ecrevisae, Pierre d'Ecrevisse. Concretions found,
particularly, in  the  Cancer As'tacua or  Cray-fish.
They consist of carbonate -and phosphate of lime,
and possess antacid virtues, but  not more than
chalk.
   CAXCROSUS, Cancerous, 'Chancreuae.
   CAXCRUM  ORIS,  Cancer Aquaticus, Sto-
macace.
   CAXDELA,  Bougie — c. Fumalis, Pastil — c.
Medicata, Bougie—c. Regia, Verbascum nigrum.
   CANDELARIA, Verbascum nigrum.
   CANDI, Candum, C-anthum, Can'tion, Candy,
from candidue—' white, bleached, purified.'  Pu-
rified and crystallized sugar.   See Saccharum.
   CANDIDUM OVI, Albumen ovi.
   CANDLE, Pupil.
   Candle,  Mercu'rial.   A candle made of wax
and vermilion for mercurial fumigation.
   Candle Tree, Parinentiera cerifera.
   CAXDY, Candi.
   CANDYTUFT, BITTER, Iberis amara.
   CANE,  SUGAR, see  Saccharum — c. Sweet,
Acorus  calamus.
   CANEFICIER, Cassia fistula.
   CANELA, Nectandra cinnamomoides.
   CANELE", Grooved.
   CANELLA, see Canella alba.
   C vnel'la Alba, diminutive of carina, 'a reed.'
A West India  tree. Fam. Magnoliaceas:  Sex.
Syst.  Dodecandria Monogynia.  It is  so called
because its  bark is  rolled up like a reed.  Cortex
Wiutera'ntta apu'riua, Canella Cuba'na  seu  Win-
tera'nia, Cinnamo'mum album,  Cortex  Antiscor-
bu'ticua  seu Aromalictia, Coatua cortico'aua, Ca-
min'ga,  Canella (Ph. U. S.), Canella Bark, (¥.)
Candle  ou  Canelle blanche,  Fausse Ecorce  de
 Winter, Ecorce Cariocostine ; Ord. Guttiferae, ia
a pungent aromatic.   Its virtues  are  partly ex-
tracted by water;  entirely  by alcohol.  It is  a
stimulant, and is added to bitters and  cathartics.
  Canella Caryophyllata, Myrtus caryophyl-
lata—c. Cubana, C. alba, Laurus ca'ssia—c.  Mala-
barica et Javensis,  Laurus cassia.
  CANELLIFERA MALABARICA, Laurus
cassia.
   CANEPIN, (¥.)  A fine lamb's skin or  goat's
skin, used for trying the quality of lancets.
  CANICACEOUS, Furfuraceous.
  CAN'ICjE.  Meal,  in  which  there is  much
bran.  Also, coarse bread;  or  bread in  which
there is much bran—Panis Canica'ceus.
  CANICIDA, Aconitum.
  CANIC'ULA; the Dogstar, from canis, 'a dog;'
Ytipios, Sirius, (F.) Canieule.  This star,  which
gives its name to the Dogdaya, Diee canicula'res,
because they commence when the  sun rises with
it, was formerly believed to  exert a powerful in-
fluence on the animal  economy.  The Dogdays
occur at a period of the year when there is gene-
rally great and oppressive heat, and  therefore—
it has been conceived—a greater liability to dis-
ease.
   CANIF, Knife.
   CANIN, Canine.
   CANINAN.E RADIX, Caincaa radix.
   CANINE, Cani'nns, Cyn'icua, from cania, 'a
dog,' (F.) Canin.  That which has a resemblance
to the structure, Ac, of a dog.
   Canine Fossa, Fossa Cani'na, Infra-orbitar or
Suborbitar fossa, (¥.) Foaae Canine.  A  small
depression on the superior maxillary bone, above
the  dena caninua, which gives attachment  to tb»
caninua or levator anguli oria muscle.
   Canine Laugh,  Sardon'ic laugh, Risus  Cani'-
nua  seu Sardon'icua seu Sardo'nitie seu Sardanioa
seu  de Sardo'nin seu involunta'riua seu apna'ticus,
 Tortu'ra seu  Distor'sio Oris, Gelas'mns, Sardl-
asis, Sardonlasis, Triamtia Sardon'icus seu cytl-
icus, Spasmua mttaculorum faciei seu cyn'icua, Pro-
aopoapaa'mua, (¥.) Ria canin, R. Sardoniqite-, R.
Sardonien, R. moqueur. A sort of laugh, the facial
expression of which is produced particularly by
the spasmodic contraction of the Caniniia muscle.
Probably, this expression, as well as Cynic Sjiaam,
Spaamtta caninua seu cyn'icua, Convulaio cani'na,
Trismua cyn'icua, may  have  originated in the re-
semblance of the affection to certain movements
in the upper lip of the dog.   The Itistta Sardon'-
icua is said to have been so called from similar
symptoms having  been induced by  a kind of
Ranunculus — R. scelera'tus—that grows in Sar-
dinia.
  Canine Teeth, Denies Canlni  seu Lania'rii
seu arigula'res seu cuspida'ti seu columella'res seu
ocula'res seu morden'tes, Cynodon'tes,  Eye  Teeth,
Pug Teeth, (¥.) Dents canines ou laniaires ou an-
gulaires ou oculairea ou ceilllrea ou cono'ides. The
teeth between the lateral incisors and small mo-
lares of each jaw; — so named because they re-
semble the teeth of the dog.
  CANINUS,  Levator anguli oris — c. Sentis,
Rosa canina—c. Spasmus, see Canine  Laugh.
  CANIRAM, Strychnos nux vomica.
  CANIRAMINUM, Brucine.
  CANIRUBUS, Rosa oanina.
  CANIS INTERFECTOR, Veratrum sabadilla
—c.  Pon ticus, Castor fiber.
  CANIT"IES, from canua, 'white.' Blanching,
Whiteneee or grayneaa of the hair, and  especially
of that of the head—Trichon'oaia polio'sis.   (¥.)
Canitie.  When occurring in consequence of old
age,  it is not  a disease.  Sometimes it happens
suddenly, and apparently in consequence of severe
mental emotion.  The  causes, however, are not
clear.  See Poliosis.  < 
CANKER
164
CAPBERN
  CANKER, Stomacace —c. of the Mouth, Can-
eer aquaticus.
  CANKER-RASII, see Cynanehe maligna.
  CANKER, WATER, Cancer aquaticus.
  C A N N A, see  Tous-les-Mois,  Cassia fistula,
Trachea—c. Brachii, Ulna—c. Domestica cruris,
Tibia—c. Edulis,  Toua-lea-Mois—c. Fistula, Cas-
sia fistula — c. I.-idica, Sagittarium alexipharma-
cum—c. Major, Tibia—c. Minor, Fibula, Radius
—c.  Solutiva, Cassia fistula—c.  Starch, Tous-lea-
Mois.
  CANNABIN, Bangue.
  CANNAB'INA, from KawaBis, 'hemp.' Reme-
dies  composed of Cannabis Indica.—Pereira.
   Cannabina  Aquatica,  Eupatorium  canna-
binum.
   CANNABIS INDICA, Bangue.   See,, also,
Churrus.
   Can'nabis Sati'va, (F.)  Chanvre, Chambrie.
The seed of this—Hempseed, Sent'in a Can'nabis,
(F.) Chenevis — is oily and  mucilaginous.   The
decoction is sometimes used  in gonorrhoea.
   CANNACORUS RADICE CROCEA, Curcuma
longa.
   CANNAMELLE, see Saccharum.
   CANNE AROMATIQUE, Acorus calamus —
c. Congo, Costus — c.  de  Rivilre, Costus — c. d
Sucre, see Saccharum.
   CANNEBERGE, Vaccinium  oxycoccos—c.
Ponctnee, Vaccinium vitis idsea.
   CANNEL, Laurus cinnamomum.
   CANNEL-BONE, Clavicle.
   CANNEL-WATER, Aqua cinnamomi.
   CANNELE ou  CANELE (¥.), from canalis,
' a canal.'  Sulea'tus, Stria'tus, Canalicula'tua.
Having  a  canal  or groove — as Muacle cannelS
(Lieutaud), the Gemini; Corpa  cannelSs ou striSs,
the  Corpora striata; Sonde cannelSe,  a grooved
sound, Ac.   See Grooved.
   CANNELL BAYNE, Clavicle.
   CANNELLE, Laurus cinnamomum — c.
 Blanche, Canella alba —  c.  de  la Chine, Laurus
 cassia — c. de Coromandel, Laurus  cassia — c.
 Fausse, Laurus  cassia—c. GiroflSe,  Myrtus cary-
 ophyllata — c. des hides, Laurus cassia — c. de
 Java, Laurus cassia—c. de Malabar, Laurus cas-
 sia—c. Matte, Laurus cassia—c. Officinale,  Lau-
 rus cinnamomum — c. PoivrSe, see  Wintera aro-
 lnatica.
   CANNULA, Canula.
   CANNULA PULMONUM,  Bronchia.
   CANOPUM, see Sambucus.
   CANOR STETHOSCOPICUS, Tintement mS-
 tallique.
   CANQUOIN'S CAUSTIC PASTE, Pasta zinci
 chloridi.
   CANTABRICA, Convolvulus Cantabrica.
   CANTABRUNO, Furfur.
   CANTARELLUS, Meloe proscarabseus.
   CANTATIO, Charm.
   CANTEL, Vertex.
   CANTERBURY, WATERS OF,  Aqua  Can-
 tuarien'ses.  The waters  of Canterbury, in Kent,
 England,  are impregnated with iron, sulphur,
 and carbonic acid.
   CANTERIUM. Cantherius.  „
    CANTHARIDE TACHETEE,  Lytta vittata.
    CANTHARIDINE, see Cantharis.
    CAN'THARIS, from  KavSapos, "a scarabaus.'
  0.  vesicato'ria, Musca Hispanica, Meloe vesica-
  to'riue, Lytta veeicato'ria, Blia'tering Fly, Blister-
  fly, Blisterbeetle, Spanish Fly, Fly, (¥.) Cantha-
  ridea, Mouchea, M. d'Eapagne.   This fly—Order,
  Coleopterse — originally, perhaps,  a native of
  Italy and  Spain, is now found in France, Ger-
  many, Hungary, Russia, Siberia, and England.
  It  is, however, rare in the last-named country.
  It  is found in species of Oleaeeae — as the ash,
 privet, and lilac; and of Caprifoliaceae — as the
elder and lonicera.  It is much employed in me-
dicine, and is the  most  common vesicatory.
Given internally,  and even when absorbed from
the skin, it affects the  urinary  organs, exciting
strangury.   This  may be prevented, in cases of
blisters, by interposing  between tbe  blistering
plaster and skin  a piece of tissue-paper.  Dilu-
ents relieve the strangury.   Dose,  half a grain
to one grain.   If kept  dry, the flies will  retain
their activity for many years.  Their active prin- ,
ciple—Can'tharidin, Cantharidi'na — has been
separated from them.
   Cantharis vesicatoria is the ordinary  blistering
insect used in Europe.
   Cantharis seu Lytta vitta'ta, (which  see,) and
C.  atra'ta,  C.  murgina'ta, and  C. cine'rea,  of
America; C. atoma'ria,  of Brazil; C.  rn'ficeps,
of Sumatra and Java; C. gigas, Lytta  caru'Ua,
of  Guinea and the  East  Indies;  C.  viola'cea,
Lytta gigas mas, of the East Indies; C.Syr'iuca,
Lytta aeg'etum, of Arabia; Myla'bri*,  M. punc-
tata, M. puatula'ta,  and M. cieho'rii,  of China
and the East Indies ; Meloe proacaraba'us, and
M. maja'lia or True Mayworm— possess similar
properties.
   CANTHE'RIUS,  Cante'rium. The cross-piece
of wood in the apparatus used by Hippocrates for
reducing luxations of the humerus.
   CANTHI'TIS.  Inflammation of the canthua
of the eye.
   CANTHIUM  CORONATUM, Randia  dume-
torutn.
   CANTHOPLAS'TICE,(7an'/^ojo?a»/.y,(F.) Can-
thoplaatie,  from xavSos, ' the angle of the eye,' and
nXaartKos, 'formative.' Tbe formation,  by  plastio
operation, of the angle of the eye.   An operation  .
proposed by Ammon, when  the eyelids are not
sufficiently cleft.
   CANT1IUM, Candi.
   CANTHUS, Epican'thie,  An'gulus  ocvla'ris,
Fons lacryma!rum.   The corner or angle  of the
eye.  The  greater  canthus is  the inner  angle,
Hircus, Hir'quus, Rhanter;  the lesser canthus,
the outer angle, Parop'ia, Pega.
   CANTIA'NUS PULVIS,'Kent Powder.'  A
 cordial powder, known under the name 'Counteu
of Kent's  Powder,'  composed  of  coral,  amber,
crabs' eyes, prepared pearls, &c.   It  was given
in cancer.
   CANTION, Candi.
   CAN'ULA,  Can'nula, Au'lisctts, Aulos.  Di-
 minutive of Canna, 'a reed;'  Tu'bulus, (F.) Ca-
 nute ou Cannule.   A small tube of gold, silver,
 platinum,  iron, lead, wood, elastic  gum, or gutta
 percha, used for  various purposes in surgery.
   CA'OUTCHOUC.  The  Indian name  for In-
 dian Rubber, Elas'tic Gum, Gum Elastic,  Gummi
 elas'ticum,  Cauchuc, Reslna  elas'tica seu  Cayen-
 nen'sis,  Cayenne Resin,  Cautchuc, (¥.)  Gomnia
 elastique,  RSsine Slastique  ou de Cayenne. A I*
 substance  formed from the milky juice of Hce'vea
 seu Hevca Guianen'sis, Jat'ropha elas'tica,  Si-
 pho'nia Cahttchu, S. elas'tica, Seringue Tree, and
 of Fious Indica,  and Artocar'pus integrifo'lia:—
 South American trees.  It  is  insoluble in water
 and alcohol-;  but boiling water softens and swells
 it. It is soluble  in the essential oils and in ether,
 when it may be blown into  bladders.   It is used
 in the fabrication of catheters, bougies, pessaries,
 &c.
    CAP, PITCH, see Depilatory.
    CAPACITY, LUNG, see  Vital  Capacity-c
 Pulmonic, see Vital  Capacity.
    CAPA-ISIAKKA, Bromelia ananas.
    CAPBERN, WATERS OF.  Capbern is is
 the department  Hautes-Pyr6n6es, France.  The
 waters contain sulphates and carbonates of lime
 and magnesia, and chloride of magnesium. Tem-
 perature, 75° Fahrenheit.   They are purgative. 
CAPELET              1G
   CAPE LET, Myrtus carophyllata.
   CAPELI'NA,  Capelllna,  (¥.)  Capeline.   A
 Woman'a Hat, in French ; Capis'trum, from caput,
 ' head.'  A sort of bandage, which, in shape, re- |
 sembles a riding-hood.  There are several kinds i
 of Capelinee:—1. That of the head, C. de la tete, I
 Faa'cia capita'lia. See Bonnet d'Hippocrate.  C.
 of the clavicle, employed in fractures of the acro-
 mion, clavicle, and spine of the scapula.  C. of an
 amputated limb—the  bandage applied round the
 stump.
   CAPELLINA, Capelina.
   CAPER BUSH, Capparis spinosa.
   CAPER PLANT, Euphorbia lathyris.
   CAPERS, see  Capparis spinosa.
   L'APETUS, Imperforation.
   CAPHORA, Camphor.
   CAPHURA,  Camphor.
   CAPILLAIRE,  Capillary,  see Adiantum
 capillus veneris — c. du Canada, Adiantum pe-
 datum — c. de  Montpellier,  Adiantum capillus
 veneris.
   CAPILLAMEN'TUM, from capillua, 'a hair,'
  Cupillit" ium,  Tricho'ma,  Trichoma'tion.   Any
 villous or hairy  covering.   Also, a small fibre or
 fibril.
   CAP'ILLARY, Capilla'ri8, Capilla'ceus,  from
 capillus,  ' a hair.'   (F.) Capillaire.   Hair-like j
 small.
   Cap'illart  Vessels,  Vasa capillp'ria,  Mi-
  crangi'a, Trichangi'a, (¥.) Vaisseaux capillairea,
  Capilliculea, are  the extreme radicles of the  ar-
  teries and veins, which together  constitute the
  capillary, intermediate,  or peripheral  vascular
  system — the metha'mata  or methamatoua blood-
  channels of Dr.  Marshall Hall.  They possess an
  action distinct from that of the heart, but not one
  of rhythmiccontraction and dilatation. Formerly,
  it was conceived that white vessels—Vaaa sero'sa
  — or vessels so minute as not to admit red  cor-
  puscles, were distributed to the tissues which do
  not receive red blood.
   CAPILLATIO, Trichismus.
   CAPILLATUS, Impuber.
   CAPILLICULES, Capillary ves.se.8.
   CAPILLITIUM,  Capillamentum, Entropion,
  Scalp.
   CAPILLORUM DEFLUVIUM, Alopecia.
   CAPIL'LUS, quasi Capitis Piltts, Coma, Chate,
  Crinis,  Pilus,   Thrix,  Casa'ries, (¥.)  Cheveu.
  This term is generally applied to the hair of the
  head, Pili seu Honor cap'itia, the characters of
  which vary according  to races, individuals,  &c.
  Hairs arise in  the areolar membrane, where the
  bulb is placed, and are composed of two parts—
  one, external, transparent, and of an epidermoid
  character;  the  other, internal and  ukj  generia,
  which, in  the opinion of  some, communicates to
  them their colour.  The  hair is  insensible, and
, grows from the root.
   Capillus Veneris, Adiantum capillus veneris
  —c. v. Canadensis, Adiantum pedatum.
   CAPIPLE'NIUM, Capitipie'nium, from caput,
  'the head,' &ndplenum, 'full.'  A word employed
  with  different significations. A variety of catarrh.
 — Schneider.   A heaviness or disorder in  the
  head common at Rome, like the KapnBapia, Care-
  buria, of the Greeks.—Baglivi.
   CAPISTRATIO,  Phimosis.
   CAPISTRUM, Capeline, Cheveatre, Trismus—
 c. Auri, Borax.
   Capis'trum, Phimoa, Cemoa, Knpos, 'a halter.'
 This  name has  been  given to several bandages
 for  the head.  See Capeline, Cheveatre.
   CAPITALTA  REMEDIA, Cephalic remedies.
   CAPITALIS, Cephalic.
   CAPITELLUM, Alembic, see Caput.
   CAPITEUX, Heady.
CAPSICUM
  CAPITILU'VIUM, from caput, 'the head,' and
larare, ' to wash.'   A bath for the head.
  CAPITIPLENIUM, Capiplenium.
  CAPITIPURGIA, Caput purgia.
  CAPITIT'RAHA, from caput, ' the head,' and
trahere, ' to draw.'  Instruments which, like the
forceps, draw down the head of the foetus wheu
impacted in the pelvis.
  CAPITO'NES, from caput, 'the head.'  Macro-
ceph'ali, Proceph'ali.  Foetuses whose heads are
so largo as to render labour  difficult.  The con-
dition is called Macroccpha'lia.
  CAPITULUM,  Alembic,  Condyle, see  Caput
—c. Costae, see Costa—c. Laryngis, Corniculum
laryngis — c. Martis, Eryngium campestre—«.
Santorini, Corniculum laryngis.
  CAPITULUVIUM, Bath (head).
  CAPNISMOS, Fumigation.
  CAPNITIS, Tutia.
  CAPNOIDES CAVA, Fumaria bulbosa.
  CAPNORCHIS, Fumaria bulbosa.
  CAPNOS, Fumaria.
  CAPON,  Cagot.
  CAPON SPRINGS.  A pleasant summer re-
treat, situated in a gorge of the North Mountain,
in Hampshire co., Va., 23 miles W. of Winchester.
The  waters  in  the vicinity are sulphurous and
chalybeate; — those at the springs  alkaline and
diuretic.
  CAPOT, Cagot.
  CAP'PARIS SPINO'SA,  Cap'paria, Cappar,
Ca'pria, Prickly Caper Buah, (¥.) Cdprier. Ord.
Capparideas.   Sex. Syat. Polyandria Monogynia.
The bark of the root and the bucls have been es-
teemed astringent  and diuretic.  The buds are a
well-known pickle—Capera, (¥.) Cdprea.
  Capparis Baduc'ca, Baduk'ka.  A species of
caper, cultivated in India on account of the beauty
of its  flowers. The Orientals make aliniment with
its juice, with wh.ich they rub pained parts.  The
flowers are purgative.
  CAPPONE, WATERS OF. At Cappone.in the
isle of Ischia, are waters containing carbonate of
soda,  chloride of sodium, and carbonate of lime.
Temp. 100°  Fahr.
  CAPREOLA'RIS, from capreolua, 'a tendril.'
Ciaao'i'des, ElicoVdes, (¥.) CajjrSolaire.  Twisted.
  Capreola'ria Vasa.  Some have called thus
the spermatic arteries and veins, on account of
their  numerous contortions.
  CAPREOLUS, Helix.
  CAPRES, see Capparis spinosa.
  CAPRIA, Capparis spinosa.
  CAPRICORNUS, Plumbum.
  CAPRIER, Capparis spinosa.
  CAPRIFOLIA,  Lonicera periclymenum.
  CAPRIFOLIUM DISTINCTUM, Lonicera pe-
riclymenum—c. Periclymenum, Lonicera pericly-
menum—c.Sempervivens, Lonicerasempervivens,
—c. Sylvaticum, Lonicera periclymenum.
  CAPRILOQUIUM, Egophony.
  CAPRIZANS PULSUS, see Pulse, caprizant.
  CAPSA, Boite, Capsule, Case—c. Cordis, Peri-
cardium.
  CAPSARIUM, Boitier.
  CAPSELLA BURSA   PASTORIS,  Thlaspi
bursa.
  CAPSICUM, see Capsicum nnnuum.
  Cap'sicum An'nuum, C.  Hispati'ictim,  from
Katrru), 'I bite.'  The systematic name of the plant
whence, in part, Cayenne Pepper is obtained,—
Piper In'dicum seu Hispan'icum seu  Brazi/ia'-
num seu  Guinecn'ae seu Calecu'ticum seu Tur'ci-
enm seu Lueitan'icum, Sola'num urens, Si/iquas'-
trum Plin'ii,  Cayenne or Guinea or Chilli Pepper,
Garden Ginger, (¥.) Piment, Poivre d'Inde, Poivre
de GuinSe, Corail dea Jardina.   Orde>, Solaneae.
The pungent, aromatic properties of Bacca Cap- 
CAPSIQUE              166                CAR ANN A
tici, Cap'sicum Berries, Capsicum (Ph. U. S.), are
yielded to  ether, alcohol, and water.   They are
highly stimulant and rubefacient, and are used as
a condiment.   Their active principle is called
Capsicin.
  Capsicum Hispanicum, Capsicum annuum.
  CAPSIQUE,  Capsicum annuum.
  CAPSITIS, see Phacitis.
  CAPSULA, Boitier — c. Articularis,  Capsular
ligament—c.  Cordis,  Pericardium — c. Dentis,
Dental  follicle — c. Huinoris aquei, see Aqueous
humour of the eye—c. Lentis, see Crystalline—c.
Nervorum,  Neurilemma — c.  Sequestralis,  see
Sequestrum.
  CAPSULiE  SEMIXALES,  Vesiculae S. — c.
Synoviales, Bursae mucosa?.
  CAPSULAIRE, Capsular.
  CAP'SULAR,  Capsula'ris,  (¥.)   Capsulaire.
Relating to a capsula or capsule.
  Capsular Arteries, Suprare'nal Arteries and
 Veins.  Vessels belonging to the suprarenal cap-
sules.   They are divided into  superior, middle,
and inferior.   The first proceed from  the inferior
phrenic, the second from the aorta, and the third
from the renal artery   The corresponding veins
enter the phrenic, vena cava, and renal.
  Capsular Cataract, see Cataract.
  Capsular Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum capeula're,
 Cap'attla  articttla'rie, Artic'ular  or Fibrous cap-
sule,  (F.) Ligament  capaulaire,  Capsule arlicu-
laire, Capaule fibrenx, &e.  Membranous, fibrous,
and elastic bags or capsules, of a whitish consist-
ence, thick, and resisting, which surround joints.
  CAPSULE, Cap'attla, Capsa, a box, or case,
(F.) Capsule.  This name has been given, by ana-
tomists, to parts bearing no analogy to each other.
  Capsule, Bowman's, see Kidney—c. Cellular,
of  the  Eye, see Eye—c. Fibrous, Capsular liga-
ment.
  Capsule,  Gelat'inous,  Cap'attla gelat'ina,
 (¥.) Capaule gelatineuae, Capaule  of  gelatin.  A
modern invention by which copaiba and other
disagreeable oils can be enveloped in gelatin so
 as  to conceal their taste.
   Capsule op Glisson, Cap'aula Glisso'nii seu
 com nut'nis Glisso'nii,  Vagina  Porta, V.  Glis-
 so'nii.  A sort of membrane, described by Glis-
 son, which is nothing  more than  dense areolar
 membrane surrounding the vena  porta and its
 ramifications in the liver.
   Capsule of the Heart, Pericardium—c. Ocu-
 lar, see Eye.
   Capsule,  Renal,  Suprare'nal or  Atrabil-
 iary  C, Renal  Gland,  Glan'dula aitprarena'lis,
 Cap'attla rena'lis seu siiprarenu'lis seu atrabiliil-
 ris, Ren euccenttiria'tua, Nephrid'ium,  (¥.) Cap-
 sule aurrSnale ou atrabiliaire.   A flat triangular
 body, which covers the upper part of the kidney,
 as  with a helmet.   A hollow cavity in the interior
 contains a brown, reddish or yellowish fluid. The
 renal  capsules were long supposed to be the secre-
 tory  organs  of the fancied  atrabilis.   They are
 much  larger  in  the foetus than  in the  adult.
 They are probably concerned in lymphosis.
   A singular  condition  of cachexia,  the leading
 characteristics of which are anaemia, general lan-
 guor and debility; remarkable feebleness  of the
 heart's action ;  irritability of the stomach, and a
 peculiar bronzed akin, was first described by Dr.
 Thos. Addison, of London, as connected with a
 diseased  condition  of  the  supra-renal capsules.
 It  has been proposed to call it the Disease of Ad-
 dison,  (¥.) Maladie d'Addison.
   Capsule, Sem'inal,  Cap'attla eemina'lia.  Bar-
 tholin's thus designates the extremity of the vas
 deferens, which is sensibly dilated in  the vicinity
 of  the vesiculae  seminales.  Some anatomists ap-
 ply this name to the vesiculae themselves.
   Capsule, Syno'vial, Cupaula Synovia'lis.  A
membranous  bag, surrounding the movable nrtl-
culations and canals, which gives passage to ten-
dons.  Synovial capsules exhale, from their arti-
cular surface, a fluid, whose function is to favour
the motions of parts upon each other. See Bursa
mucosa, and Synovia.
   CAPSULE' SURRENALE  ou  ATRABI-
LIARE, Capsule, renal.
   CAPSULITIS, see Phacitis.
   CAPUCHON, Trapezius.
   CAPUCINE, Tropaeolum majus.
   CAPULIES, Prunus capulin.
   CAPULUS, Scrotum.
   CAPUT, ' the head.'  Also, the top' of a bone
or other part,  (F.)  Tete.   The head  of  small
bones is sometimes termed capit'ulitm,capittilum,
cephalid'ium,  ceph'alis, cephalium.   Also, the
glans penis.
   Caput  Asperse  Arteri.s, Larynx — c. Coli,
Caecum—c. Gallinaceum,  see  Gallinaginis  caput
—c. Gallinaginis, see Gallinaginis caput—c. Ge-
nitale, Glans—c. Lubricum, Penis—c. Major, see
Epididymis — c. Minor, see Epididymis — c. Mo-
nachi, Leontodon Taraxacum—c. Obstipum, Tor-
ticollis—c. Penis, Glans.
   Caput   Pur'gia,   Capitipur'gia.   Remedies,
which the  ancients regarded  as proper for purg-
ing the head :—errhines, sternutatories, apophleg-
matisantia, &c. Prosper Alpinus makes the caput
pnrgia to %e the same as errhines; and the npo-
phlegmatismi the  same as the masticatories of
the moderns.
   Caput Scapulae,  Acromion.
   Caput Succeda'neum.  A term sometimes used
for the tumefied  scalp, which  first  presents in
certain cases of labour.
   Caput Testis, Epididymis.
   CA Q UE-SANG UE, Cague-savgiie. Old French.
words which signify Bloody evacuations, (F.) D(*
jections sanguinolentes.  They come from cocare,
'to  go to stool,'  and  sanguis,  'blood.'   Under
this term  was comprehended every  affection in
which blood is discharged  from the bowels.
   CARA SCHULLI, Frutex  In'dicus spino'tttt,
Barle'riei  bttxifo'lia.  A Malabar plant,  which,
when applied externally, is maturative and resol-
vent.  The decoction of its root is used, in the
country, in ischuria.
   CARABAC'CIUM.   An aromatic wood of In-
dia, of a  yellowish colour, and  a smell like that
of the clove.   Its  decoction and  infusion are
given as stomachics and antiscorbutics.
   CAR'ABl'S.  A genus of coleopterous insects,
Two species, the chrysoceph'alus and ferrugiit'ettt
have been recommended for the toothach.  They
must be  pressed  between the  fingers, and then
rubbed on the gum and tooth affected.
   CARACTERE, Character, Symbol.
   CARAGNA, Curanna.
   CARAMATA, Aritmari. A tree in the inland
parts of Pomeroon.  It furnishes a febrifuge bark,
which Dr. Hancock  says may be used in typhoid
and remittent  fevers  where  cinchona is  either
useless or  pernicious.
   CARAMBOLO, Averrhoa carambola.
   CARAMEL,  Sac'charum percoc'tum  seu tot-
turn.   Sugar subjected to the  action  of heat, until
it is partly decomposed, deliquescent, of a brown
colour, and a strong, agreeable and empyreumatifl
odour.
   CARAN'NA, Caragna, Tacamaha'ca, Caragna,
 Carolina  Gummi,  G. Brelisis, Gum Caran'na,
(¥.)  Caragne,  Gamine Caragne ou  Carane.  A
gum-resinous substance, which flows from a large
tree in New  Spain, and is obtained  from South
America in impure masses. It preserves its soft-
ness for a long time, has an  aromatic smell, and
a slightly acid and bitter taste.   It was formerly
used as a vulnerary  and in plasters. 
CARAWAY
167
CARCINOMA
  CARAWAY, Carum.
  CARAWAY SEEDS, see Carum.
  CARBASA, Linteum.
  CARBASUS, Linteum.
  CARBO, Carbon, (¥.) Carbone. An elemen-
tary body, extensively distributed in nature;  but
of which the two following forms are officinal in
the Pharmacopoeia of the United States.  Also,
a coal, charcoal.
  Carbo Ligni,  Charcoal (¥.) Charbon.  Fresh
Charcoal is antiseptic.  It is used to improve the
digestive organs in cases of worms, dyspepsia,
Ac.; as a  cataplasm  to  gangrenous  and  fetid
ulcers, tinea, Ac, and forms a good tooth-powder.
Dose. gr. x to 5[j.  Also, Anthrax.
  Carbo Anima'lis,  C. carina, Animal charcoal,
(¥.)  Charbon animal, usually prepared by  sub-
jecting bones to a red heat in close vessels.  The
result is Bone black, commonly called Ivory black.
(¥.)  Noir animal  ou d'oa.  It  is given  in the
same cases as Carbo Ligni, and has been extolled
in cancer.  Dose, gr. ss to gr. iij.
  The Pharmacopoeia of the United States con-
tains  a formula for  the preparation  of  Carbo
Anima'lis  Purifica'tus, Purified animal char-
coal I Carbon, animal,  tt)j; Acid  inttriat., Aqua
aa f.^xij).  Pour  the  muriatic acid, previously
mixed with  the water, gradually upon the char-
coal, and  digest  with a gentle heat for two days,
occasionally stirring the  mixture.  Having al-
lowed  the undissolved portion to subside,  pour
off the supernatant liquor, wash the charcoal fre-
quently with water until it  is entirely free from
acid, and  lastly dry it.
   Carbo Fos'silis, Lithanthrax, Stone coal.
   Carbo Huma'num.   The human excrement.—
Paracelsus.
   Carbo Ligni,  Carbo — c. Mineralis, Graphites
— c.  Palpebrarum,  Anthracosis — c. Spongiae,
Spongia usta.
   CARBON, Carbo—c. Sesqui-iodide of, Carbonis
Besqui-iodidum—c. Bisulphuret  of, Carbonis sul-
phuretum—c. Sesquichloride of, Carbonis trichlo-
ridum—c. Sulphide of, Carbonis sulphuretum—c.
Sulphuret of, Carbonis  sulphuretum—c. Terchlo-
ride of, Carbonis trichloridum, see Chloroform.
   CAR'BONAS  or CARBO'NAS.  A carbonate.
(F.) Carbonate.  A salt, formed by the combina-
tion of carbonic acid  with a salifiable base.
   Carbonas Natricum, Sodae carbonas—c. Plum-
bicus,  Plumbi subcarbonas.
   CARBONATE  DAMMONIAQUE, Ammo-
niae carbonas.
   CAR'BONATED,  Carbona'tua, Aera'tua,  (¥.)
 Carbont, ASrS.   That which is impregnated with
carbonic acid.
   CARBONE, Carbon —c. Trichlorure de, Car-
bonis trichloridum.
   CARBONE, Carbonated.
   CARBONE CM CHLORATUM, Chloroform.
   CARBON'IC  ACID, Ac"idum Carbon'icum,
Solid  Air of Halea, Factitious  or Fixed Air,
 Carbona'ceous or Calca'reous or Aerial or Mephil-
ic Acid, Mepltit'ic Air,  Spir'itus letha'lis,  (¥.)
Acide  Carbonique.   This gas, which neither sup-
ports respiration nor  combustion,  is not  often
used  in medicine.   It is the main agent in  effer-
vescent draughts,  fermenting poultices, Ac.  It
is often found occupying the lower parts of mines
— when it is called  the  choke  damp — caverns,
tombs, wells, brewers'  vats, Ac,  and  not unfre-
quently has been  the  cause of death.    Lime
thrown into such places soon absorbs the acid.
   CARBOXIS'SESQUICHLORIDUM, Carbonis
trichloridum.
   CARBO'NIS SESQUI-IOD'IDUM, C. Sesqui-
lodiire'tu.n, Seaqtii-I'odide or Seaqui-Iod'uret of
Carbon.   This  is made by mixing concentrated
alcoholic  solutions of iodine and potassa,  until
 the former loses its colour; a solution is obtained
 from which water throws down a yellow precipi-
 tate— the sesqui-iodide of carbon.  It has been
 used in enlarged glands and in some cutaneous
I affections,  applied  externally,  (gss  to  3vj of
I cerate).  See Iodoform.
    Carbo'nis  Sulphure'tum, Snlph'urie Carbji-
 re'tum, Sulphure'tum  seu  Sul'fidtim  Carbo'nii,
; Carbo'niuin Sulphlira'turn, Alcohol Sulphuris,
 Bi sulphure'turn Carbo'nii, Sulphuret, Sulphide or
■ Biatilphuret of Carbon, Carburet of Sulphur, (¥.)
j: Sulfure) de Carbone,Carbure de Soufre,Soufre Car-
i| bure, Aleool de Sottfre.  This transparent, colour-
■i less fluid, which has  a very  penetrating, disa-
i greeable odour, and a taste which is cooling at
, first, but afterwards acrid and somewhat aroiua-
, tic, is  a diffusible  excitant.  It is diaphoretic,
' diuretic, and has been  said to  have proved em-
|| menagogue.  It is also used in nervous diseases
| as an  antispasmodic.   Dose, one drop to four,
i repeated frequently.
||    It is used externally, where a cooling influence
! has to be rapidly exerted, and has been  inhaled
 as an anaesthetic.
|    Carbo'nis  Trichlo'ridum,  C. Seaqni-chlo'ri-
il dum,  Terchloride  or  Sesquichloride of  Carbon,
]1 (F.) Trichlorure ou  Sesquichlorurede Carbone,is
 formed by the action  of Chlorine on  Chlorohy-
 dric ether, under the influence of sun-light. It has
 been given in cholera, and applied to correct the
 fetor of foul ulcers.  Dose, four grains or more.
    CARBONIUM  SULPHURATUM, Carbonis
 sulphuretum.
    CARBUNCLE, Anthrax.
    Carbuncle, Fungous, Terminthus.
    Carbuncle  op the Tongue, Glossanthrax—c.
 Berry, Terminthus.
    CARBUNCLED FACE, Gutta rosea.
    CARBUNCULAR EXANTHEM, Anthracia.
    CARBUNCULATIO OCULI,  Blepharanthra-
 cosis.
    CARBUNCULUS,  Anthrax —c. Anginosus,
I Cynanehe maligna—c. Contagiosus, see Anthrax
 — c. Gallicus,  see Anthrax — c. Hungaricus, see
i Anthrax—c.  Labiorum et genarum, Cancer aqua-
|j ticus—c. Polonicus, see Anthrax—c. Pulmonum,
 Necropneumonia—c. Septe»itrionalis,see Anthrax.
j    Carbun'culus Rubi'nus.  A red, shining, and
|! transparent stone, from the Isle of Ceylon ; for-
 merly  employed in medicine as  a preservative
! against several poisons, the plague, Ac.
    Carbunculus Ulcusculosus, Cynanehe ma-
 ligna.
    CARBURE DE SOUFRE, Carbonis sulphu-
 retum.
I1   CAR'CAROS, from Kapxaipw, 'I resound,' 'I
  tremble.'  A fever,  in  which  the patient has a
 general tremor, accompanied with an  unceasing
 noise in the ears.
    CARCIXODES, Cancroid, Chancreuse.
    CARCINOIDES,  Cancroid.
    CARCIXD'MA,Karhitio'ma, Cancero'ma, Can-
 cro'ma, from KapKivos,  'a crab.'   Some  authors
 have thus called indolent tumours different from
 cancer;  others, incipient  cancer; and others,
 again, the species of cancer in which the affected
 structure assumes the appearance of cerebral sub-
 stance; but the majority of authors use Carcino-
 ma in  the same sense as Cancer.
    Carcinoma Alveolare,  Colloid—c. Epitheli-
 odes,  Epithelial Cancer—c. Fibrosum, Scirrhus
 —c. Hannatodes, Haematodes fungus—c. Intesti-
 norum, Enteropathia cancerosa—c. Lingute, Glos-
 socarcinoma—c. of the Liver, Hepatoscirrhus—c.
 Medullare, Encephaloid — c. Melanodes,  Cancer,
 melanotic—c. Melanoticum, Cancer, melanotic__
 c.Simplex, Scirrhus — c. Spongiosum, Encepha-
 loid, Haematodes fungus—c. Scroti, Cancer, chim-
 ney-sweepers'—c. Uteri, Metrocarcinoma, M«Jtro- 
CARCINOMATOUS        168            CARDIECTASIS
 scirrhus—c. Ventriculi, Gastroscirrhus ; see Gas-
 trostenosis  cardiaca et pylorica.
   CARCINOMATOUS,  Carcinomato'aua,  (¥.)
 Carcinomateux.  Relating to Carcinoma.
   CARCINOME MOU ET SPONG1EUX, En-
 cephaloid— c.  Sanglant,  Encephaloid, Hajma-
 todes fungus.
   CARCINOS, Cancer.
   CARCINO'SES, (G.) Karcinosen, from Kap-
 kivos, 'a  crab.'   A family of diseases, according
 to the classification  of Fuchs; which embraces
 the different forms of Cancer.
   CARCIXOSUS, Cancerous.
   CARCINUS, SPONGIOSUS, Encephaloid.
   CARDAMANTICA, Cardamine pratensis, Le-
 pidium Iberis.
   CARDAMINDUM MAJUS, Tropaeolum
 mai us.
   CARDAMINE FONTANA, Sisymbrium nas-
 turtium—c. Nasturtium, Sisymbrium nasturtium.
   Cardami'ne  Praten'sis,  Cardamine,  Carda-
 man'tica, Nastur'tium, Aqttat'icum,  Car'damon,
 Culi flos, Ibe'ris eoph'ia, Nastur'tium praten'se,
 Ladies-smock,   Cuckoo-fioiver,  Common  Bitter
 Creas, Meadow Creas, (P.) Cresson SlSgant ou  des
 prea, Paaaerage aauvage.  Ord. Crucif'erae.  The
 flowers have been considered  useful as antispas-
 modics, in the dose of gj- to JJij-   They are pro-
 bably inert.
   CARDAMOM, Cardamo'mum (¥.) Cardamome.
 The  name  of  the  fruit of various  species  of
 Amomum and Elettaria, respecting the botanical
 history of which there has been much confusion.
   Cardamom, Bengal, Amomum maximum—c.
 Cluster,  Amomum  cardamomum — c.  Greater,
 Amomum Grana Paradisi — c. Java, Amomum
 maximum — c.  Lesser, Amomum cardamomum—
 c.Nepal, Amomum maximum—c. Round,  Amo-
 mum cardamomum.
   CARDAMOME, Amomum  cardamomum—c.
 rie lu Cote de Malabar, Amomum cardamomum.
   CARDAMOMUM MAJUS,  Amomum grana
 paradisi — c. Minus, Amomum cardamomum — c.
 Piperatum, Amomum grana paradisi—c. Rotun-
 durn, Amomum cardamomum—c.  Wild, Fagaras-
 trum Capense.
   CARDAMON, Cardamine pratensis.
   CARDAMUM MAJUS, Tropseolum majus.
   CARDERE,  Dipsacus sylvestris—c.  CultivS,
 Dipsacus fullonum.
   CARDIA, Kapiia,  'the  heart.'   Stom'achua,
 Orific"ium  ainia'trum  seu  Ingres'sus  anpe'rior
 seu Ostium oeaophage'um ventric'uli.  The  supe-
 rior or oesophageal orifice of the stomach.  Also,
 the Heart.
   GAR'DIAC, Cardi'acue, from Kapiia, 'the
 heart;' or the upper orifice of the stomach. (F.)
 Cardiaqtte.   Relating to the heart,  Carditic,
 Car'dial, (¥.) Cardiaire, Carditiqne,— or to the
 upper orifice of the stomach.  A cordial.
   Cardiac  Ar'teries,  Cor'onary arteriea, (¥.)
 Arteres  eardiaqttes ou  coronaires, are  two  in
 number.  They arise from the aorta, a little above
 the free edge of the sigmoid valves, and are dis-
 tributed  on both surfaces of  the heart.
   Car'diac Gan'glion,  Gan'glion  cardi'acum,
 situated  beneath the arch of the aorta, to the
 right side of the ligament of the ductus arteriosus.
„ It receives the superior cardiac nerves of opposite
 sides of  the neck, and a branch from the pneu-
 mogastric,  and gives off numerous branches to
 the cardiac plexuses.
   Cardiac Nerves, (F.) Nerfa cardiaqnea. These
 are  commonly three on  each  side;  a superior,
 middle, and infenior, which are furnished by cor-
 responding cervical ganglia.  Commonly,  there
 are but two on the left side ; the upper and mid-
 dle, which draw their  origin from the last two
 cervical  ganglia.  Scarpa calls  the superior—
 Cardlacua auperfieia'lia ; the middle—C. profttn'-
 dtta seu magnus;  and the  inferior—C. parvus
 sen minor.  There are, besides, Cardiac filaments,
 (¥.) Filets cardiaques, furnished by the  par va-
 gum  or  pneumo-gastric  nerve,  which  become
 confounded with the above.
   Cardiac Plexus,  Plexus cardlacua.  There
 are three cardiac plexuses.  1. The great cardiac
 plexna is situated upon the bifurcation of the tra-
 chea.    It is  formed  by the   convergence  of
 the middle and inferior cardinc nerve> ;  and by
 branches  from the  pneumbgastric,   descendena
 noni.  and first thoracic ganglion.  2. The anterior
 cardiac plexua is situated in front of the  ascend-
 ing aorta near its origin.  It  is  formed  by fila- ,
 ments from the superior cardiac nerves;  from
 the cardiac ganglion; and from the great cardiac
 plexus.  Filaments from this plexus  accompany
 the left coronary artery, and form the anterior
 coronary plexua.  3. The poaterior cardiac plexttt
 is seated upon the posterior part of the ascending
 aorta near its origin.  It is  formed by numerous
 branches  from the  great  cardiac plexus.  I(
 divides into two sets of branches, which togethei
 constitute the poaterior coronary plexus.
i   Cardiac Veins,  Coronary Veins,  (¥.) Veiuet
i Cardiaques, are commonly four in number; tw«
 anterior  and two posterior.   They open into th«
 right auricle  by  one orifice, which is furnished
 with  a valve, and is called, by Portal,  Si mis  coro-
 naire du Cwur.
   CARDIACA CRISPA, Leonurus   cardiaca-
 c.  Passio, Cardialgia — c.  Trilobata, Leonurui
 cardiaca — c. Vulgaris, Leonurus cardiaca.
   CARDIACUS, Cordial, Stomachal.
   CARDIAGMUS, Cardialgia.
   CARDI'AGRA,  Affec'tio arthrit'iea  cordis;
 from  Kapiia,  'the  heart,' and aypa, 'seizure.'
 Gout of  the heart, Cardialgia.
   CARDIAG'RAPHY,   Cardiagra'phia,  from
 Kapiia,  ' the  heart,' and  ypatfin,  'a description.'
 An anatomical description of the heart.
   CARDIAIRE, see Cardiac.
   CARDIAL, see Cardiac.
   CARDIAL'GIA,  Cardiaca  Passio,  Col'ica
 Ventric'uli,  Spasmtta  Ventric'uli, Perodyn'ia,
 Gordo'Hum, Cardila'a,  Dyapepaodyn'ia, Dyspcp-
 aioilt/n'ia,  Dyspeptodytt'ia,  Peratodyii'ia,  Car.
j diod'ytte,  Gastrodyn'ia, Gaatral'gia, Gaateral'gia,
| Gastrocolic,  Gaatrod'yne,  Paa'aio  CardlacOf
j Stomachalgia, Stomacalgia, Cardlacua Morbus,
 Citrdiog'mua,  Cardialgy ; from Kapiia, ' the car-
I diac  orifice  of the stomach,' and aXyos, 'pain.'
I Pain  of the etomach, (¥.) Dottleiir de I'Estomae,
j D.  nSvralgiqne de lEstomac.   Also,  Heartburn,
l! (F.) Cardialgie,- Ardeur  d'Eatomac, A. du Gotut.
 Impaired appetite, with gnawing or burning pain
 in the stomach or epigastrium,—Morsus seu ardor
 ventric'uli, Moratta stom'achi, Soda, Limo'sis car-,
 dialgia  mordena, Roaio  Stom'achi seu Ventricf' 1
 uli :—a symptom of dyspepsia.
   Cardialgia Inflammatory,  Gastritis — c.
 Sputatoria, Pvrosis.
   CARDIALOG"IA, from  Kapiia, 'the heart,'
 and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  A treatise on the heart.
   CARDIAXASTROPHE, Ectopia cordis.
   CARDIARCTIE, Heart, concentric hypertro-
 phy of the.  Contraction of the cavities of the
 heart.
   CARDIA'RIUS; same etymology.  A  nama
 given to a worm, said to have been found in the
 heart  or pericardium.
   CARDIATOM'IA,  from  Kapiia, 'the  heart.'
 and rtiivtiv, ' to cut.'   Dissection of the heart.
   CARDIATROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the.
   CARDIAUXE, Heart, hypertrophy of the.
   CARDIECTASIS, Dilatation of the heart, we
 Aneurism of the  heart —c. Partialis, Aneurism
 of the heart. 
CARDIELCOSIS            169                 CARIES
  CARDIELCOSIS;  from, Kapiia, 'the  heart,'
and 'iXkos, 'an ulcer.'   Ulceration of the heart.
  CARDIETHMOLIPOSIS, Steatosis cordis.
  CARDIEURYSMA, Aneurism of the heart.
  CARDILjEA, Cardialgia.
  CARDIM'ELECH,  from  Kapiia, 'the  heart,'
and "OD, Melek, (Hebr.,) 'a governor.'   A sup-
posititious active principle  seated in the heart,
and governing the vital functions.—Dolasus.
  CARDINAL FLOWER, Lobelia cardinalis —
C. f. Blue,  Lobelia syphilitica.
  CARDINAL PLANT.  Lobelia cardinalis.
  CARD1NAMENTUM, Ginglymus, Gomphosis.
  CARDIOBOTANUM, Centaurea benedicta.
  CARDIOCE'LE, from  Kapiia, 'the heart,'  and
KnXn, ' rupture.'  Hernia of the heart, especially
into'the abdominal cavity.
  CARDIOCLASIE, Cardiorrhexis.
  CARDIOD'YXE, Cardiodyn'ia ; from Kapiia,
'the heart, the stomach,' and oiwn, 'pain.' Pain
in the heart.   Also, Cardialgia.
  Cardiodyne Spasmodica Intermittens, An-
gina pectoris.
  CARDIOG'MUS.  Hippocrates employed this
word Kapiiuypos, synonymously with cardialgia.
In the time of Galen it was used, by some writers,
for certain pulsations of the heart, analogous to
palpitations.  Sauvages understood by Cardiog-
mtts  an  aneurism of the  heart or  great vessels,
when still obscure.  Also, Angina pectoris.
  Cardiogmus Cordis  Sinistri, Angina pectoris.
  CARDIOMALA'CIA, Malaco'aia seu Mala'cia
ten Malax'is  seu Mollil'ies Cordia, (¥.) Ramol-
lisscmetit du Caatr, from Kapiia, 'the  heart,'  and
paXaKta,' softness.'  Softening of the heart, caused
by inflammation  of the organ, or a consequence
of some lesion of the function  of nutrition.
  CARDrOM'ETRY,  Cardiomet'ria, from Kapiia,
  heart,' and ptrpov, 'measure.'   Measurement of
the heart,  as by percussion and auscultation.
  CARDIOMYOLIPOSIS, Steatosis cordis.
  CARDfONCHI, see  Aneurism.
  CARDIONEURALGIA, Angina pectoris.
  CARDION'OSUS, Morbus cordis, from Kapiia;
'heart,' and voo-os,' disease.' Disease of the heart.
Henri disGfisc
  CARMOPALMUS, Cardiotromus.
  CARDIOPERICARDITIS,  see Pericarditis.
  CARDIORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus cordis;
from aapita, 'the heart, and  ptvpa,  'defluxion,
rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the heart.
  CARDIORRHEX'IS,  Cardioclasie, (Piorry,)
Ruptti'ra  cordis, (¥.)  Rupture du Cceur, from
Kapiia, 'the heart,' and pnZis> 'laceration.'   Lace-
ration of the heart.
  CARDIOSCLEROSIS, (Piorry), from Kapiia,
'the heart,' and o-KXnpos, 'hard.' (F.) Endurcisse-
mettt du Cattr.  Induration of  the heart.
  CARDIOSTENO'SIS, Stenocar'dia, from Kap-
iia, 'the heart, and o-reviocis, 'contraction.' Con-
traction of the openings of the heart.
  CARDIOTRAU'MA, from Kapiia, 'the  heart,'
and rpavpa, 'a wound.'  A wound of the heart.
  CARDIOT'ROMUS, Palpita'tio  Cordia trep-
idant,  Cardiopalmua,  Trepida'tio  Cordia, from
Kapiia, 'the heart,' and rpopos, 'tremor.'  Rapid
and feeble palpitation  or fluttering of the heart.
  CARDIOT'ROTUS,  from Kapiia, 'the  heart,'
and rirpiooKio,  ' I wound.'   One affected  with a
wound of the heart.—Galen.
  CARDIPERICARDITIS, see Pericarditis.
  CARDITE, Carditis.
  CARD IT IC, Cardiac.  Also, relating  or  be-
longing to carditis.
  CARDI'TIS, from Kapiia, 'the heart, and  the
termination  itie.  Inflammation of  the  fleshy
Bubstance  of the heart.  Emprea'ma  Carditis,
Inflamma'tio Cordia, I.  Carditis, Cattma  Cardi-
tis, Myocarditis, Carditis 3Iuscula'ris, (¥.) In-
flammation du Coeur,  Cardite.  The symptoms
of this affection are by no means clear.   They
are often  confounded with those of  pericarditis,
or inflammation of the membrane investing the
heart.   Carditis, indeed, with  many,  includes
both the inflammation  of the  external investing
membrane and that of the interior of the heart.
See Pericarditis, and Endocarditis.
   Carditis Externa, Pericarditis — c. Interna,
Endocarditis—c. Muscularis, Carditis — c. Mem-
branosa. Pericarditis—c.  Polyposa, Polypi of tho
heart—e.  Serosa, Pericarditis.
   CARDO, Ginglvmus.
   CARDOPATIUM. Carlina acaulis.
   CARDOPERIOARDITIS, see Pericarditis.
   CARDUUS  ALTILIS, Cynara scolymus — c.
Benedietus, Centaurea benedicta—c.  Brazilianus,
Bromelia  ananas — c. Domesticus capite  mnjori,
Cynara scolymus — c. Hemorrhoidalis, Cirsium
arvense.
   Car'duus Maria'nus, C. Ma'ria seu lac'teus,
Sit'ybtim,  S. Maria'num seu macula'turn, Car'tha-
mua macula'ttta, Cir'aium macula'turn, Spina alba,
Common  Milk  Thistle,  Ladies'  Thi«tle,  (¥.)
Chardon-Marie.   Ord. Compositae.   The herb U
a bitter tonic.  The seeds are oleaginous.  It  is
not used.
   Carduus  Pineus,  Atractylis gummifera — c.
Sativus,  Cartbamus tinctorius—c. Sativus r*>n-
spinosus,  Cynara scolymys — c.  Solstitialis, Cen-
taurea calcitrapa— c. Stellatus, Centaurea  calci-
trapa—c.  Tomentosus, Onopordium acanthium—
c. Veneris, Dipsacus fullonum.
   CAREBARESIS, Carebaria.
   CAREBA'RIA  or CAREBARI'A, Carcbare'-
sis, from  Kapn, 'the head,' and Bapos, 'weight.'
Scordine'ma, Cereba'ria, Scordinis'mtts, Cordine'-
ma.  Heaviness of the head.—Hippocrates, Galen.
   CARE'NA, Kare'na.   The twenty-fourth part
of a drop.—Ruland'and Johnson.
   CARE-TAKER, Nurse.
   CAREUM, Carum.
   CAREX ARENARIA, Sarsaparilla Germanica.
   CARIACOU. A beverage, used in Cayenne,
and formed of a mixture  of cassava, potato, and
sugar, fermented.
   CAR'ICA, from Carta, where the fig was culti-
vated.   See Ficus carica.
   Car'ica Papa'ya, Papaw  tree, Pawpaw, (F.)
Papayer.    Ord. Cucurbitaceae.   A  native  of
America,  India,  and  Africa.   The fruit  has
somewhat of the  flavour of the pumpkin, and
is eaten like it.  The milky juice of  the plant
and the seed and root have  been regarded as
anthelmintic.
   The papaw, of North America, belongs to tho
order Anonacea?, (Ano'na seu Asi'mina seu Por-
cel'ia seu  Uva'ria triloba, Fieus In'dica,  Orehi-
docar'pttm arietlnum,) Custard Apple Family.
   CAR'ICUM.  Said to  have been named after
its  inventor Caricus.   Car'ycum.  A detergent
application to ulcers; composed of black helle-
bore, sandarach, copper, lead, sulphur, orpiment,
cantharides, and oil of cedar.—Hippocrates.
   CARIE, Caries—c. des Dents, Dental gangrene.
   CARIE, Carious.
  CA'RIES, Nigril'ies Os'sium.  An ulceration
of bone, Osteohelco'eia,—Necrosis being death of a
bone.  It  resembles the gangrene  of soft parts.
Hence  it  has been termed Caries gangrano'ea,
Gangra'na Ca'riea seu Oa'aium, Tere'do, Arro'sio,
Euros,  (¥.) Carie.  It is recognised by the swell-
ing of the bone which precedes and accompanies
it;  by  the abscesses  it  occasions;  the  fistulas
which form ; the sanious character, peculiar odour
and quantity of the suppuration, and by the evi-
dence afforded  by probing.  The most common
causes  of  caries are blows, the  action of some
virus, and  morbid diatheses.  When dependent on 
CARIE UX               170                 CAROTA
any virus in the system, this  must be combated '
by appropriate remedies.  When entirely local, it •:
must be converted, where practicable, into a state i
of necrosis or death of the affected  part.   For ,!
this end, stimulants, the  actual cautery, Ac, are
applied.
  Caries, Denticm, Dental gangrene—c. Puden-
dorum, sec Chancre—c. of the Vertebra?, Verte-
bral disease—c. Vertebraruin, Vertebral disease.
  CARIEUX, Carious.
  CARIM  CURIXI, Justitia ecbolium.
  CARINA, 'a ship's  keel.'   The vertebral co-
lumn, especially of the foetus.  Also, the breast-
bone bent inwards.  Hence, Pectua carina'turn  :
—the chest affected with such deformity.
  CA'RiOUS,  Cario'sus,  Euro'des,  (¥.)  CariS,
Carieux.  Affected with caries.
  CARIUM  TERR.E, Calx.
  C A RIVE,  Myrtus  pimenta.
  CA 111 VILLA N'DI, Stnilax  sarsaparilla.
  CARLIXA, 'Carline Thistle.'
  Cauli'na  Acaul'is. C. chama'leon, Chama'-
leon  album, Cardopa'tittm, (¥.) Carline anna tige.
Ord. Composite, which grows in the Pyrenees,
and on the mountains of Switzerland, Italy, Ac,
has been recommended as a tonic, emmenagogue,
and sudorific.
  Carlina Chameleon, C. acaulis.
  CARLINE SA.VS TIGE,  Carlina acaulis.
  CARLISLE  SPRINGS. These are about five
miles from the town  of Carlisle, in Pennsylvania.
The water is mildly sulphureous.
  CARLO SANCTO  RADIX.   'St. Charles's
Root:'  found in Mechoachan in  America.  The
bark is aromatic, bitter and acrid.   It  is  con-
sidered to be sudorific,  and to  strengthen  the
gums and stomach.
  'CARLSBAD, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
Carlsbad is a town  in Bohemia, 24 miles from
Egra,  celebrated for its  hot baths.   The  water
contains about 47 parts in  the 100 of purging
salts.  It is a thermal  saline; temperature 121°
to 107° Fahrenheit.  The constituents are—car-
bonic acid, sulphate of soda, carbonate of soda,
and chloride of  sodium.
  CARMANTINE, Justitia pectoralis—c. Pecto-
rale. Justitia pectoralis.
  CARMEN, 'averse.'  An  amulet.   A charm,
which,  of  old, often consisted of a  verse.  See
Charm.
  CARMIXTANTIA, Carminatives.
  CARMINATIVA, Carminatives.
  CARMIN'ATIVES, Carminan'tia  seu Carmi-
nati'va, from carmen, ' a verse,' or ' charm,' An-
ti filn/a'ica, Physago'ga, Xan'tica, Antiphyset'ics,
(¥.) C'trminatifa. Remedies which  allay pain,
'like  a  charm,' by causing the expulsion of
flatus from the alimentary canal.  They are gene-
rally of the class of aromatics.
  The Four Greater  Carminative  Hot Seeds,
Qnat'uor sem'ina cal'ida majo'ra carminatlva,
were, of old, anise, carui, cummin, and fennel.
  The Four Lesser Carminative Hot Seeds,
Qiiat'nor sem'ina cal'ida mino'ra, were bishop's
weed, stone parsley, smallage, and wild carrot.
   CARMOT.  A name given, by  the alchymists,
to the matter which they believed to constitute
the Philosopher's stone.
  CARNABADIA. Carum, (seed.)
  CARNABADIUM, Cuminum cyminum.
   CARXATIO. Syssarcosie.
   CARNATIOXT. Dianthus caryophyllus.
   CARXELIAX, Cornelian.
   CARXEOLUS, Cornelian.
   CAR'NEOl S, Carno'sus, Sarco'des, Incarna'-
tu>>,  from caro, carnie,  'flesh,' (F.)  Charnu.
Consisting of flesh, or  resembling flesh.
   Carneous Columns, Fleaky  Columns, Colunl-
na Carnea, of the heart, (F.) Cohnncs charnuet,
are muscular projections, situate in  tbe cavities
of the heart.   They  are called, also, Mus'culi
Papilla'res.
  Carneous  Fibres, Fleshy Fibres, Mtta'cular
Fibres, (¥.) Fibrea chant ties ou mttaculuires, are
fibres belonging to a muscle.
  CARNEUM  MARSUPIUM, Ischio-troehan-
terianus.
  CARNIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of caro,  carta's,
'flesh.'   The gum.—Fallopius.
  CARNIFICA'TIO, Carnification —c. Pulmo-
nnm, Hepatisation of the lungs.
  CARNIFICA'TION,  Carnifica'tio, from  utm,
carnia, ' tlesh,' and fieri, ' to become.'  Trans-
formation into flesh.  A morbid state of certain
organs, in which the tissue acquires a consistence
like  that of fleshy or muscular parts.  It is some-
times observed in  hard parts,  the  texture be-
coming softened,  as in  Osteo-aarcoma.  When it
occurs in the lungs, they present a texture like that
of liver.   Such is tbe condition of the foatal  lung.
  CARNIFOR'MIS ABSCESS'US.  An abscess,
which ordinarily  occurs in the  neighborhood of
the  articulations, and whose  orifice is  hard, the
sides thick and callous.—M. A.  Severinus.
  CARNIVOROUS, Camiv'orua, Sttrcoph'a-
gua,   Creatoph'agtta,   Creoph'agua, Zo'dph'itgoua,
Creatoph'agous,  Creoph'agoua,  Kreatoph''agouti,
(¥.) Carnivore;  from caro, carnia,  'flesh,' and
voro, ' I  eat.'   That which eats flesh.  Any sub-
stance which  destroys  excrescences in wounds,
ulcers, Ac.
   CARNOSA CUTIS, Panniculus carnosus.
   CARNOS'ITAS, (F.) CamositS, from euro,
carnia, 'flesh.'  A fleshy excrescence.
   CARNOS'ITIES OF THE URE'THRA,  Car1.
unclea in the Ure'thra,  (¥.) Carnositea ou Cut-on-
culea de luretre.  Small fleshy excrescences or
fungous  growths, which were,  at oae time, pre-
sumed to exist  in the  male urethra,  whenever
retention of urine followed gonorrhoea.
  M. Cullerier  uses the term CamositS iSnSrienne
for  a cutaneous, cellular, and membranous tu-
mour, dependent  upon the syphilitic  virus.  See,     <
also, Polysarcia.
   CARNOSUS, Carneous.
  CARO, Flesh—c. Accessoria, see Flexor longus
digitorum pedis  profundus perforans, (accesso-
rius) — c. Excrescens, Excrescence — c. Fungosa,
Fungosity — c. Glandulosa, Epiglottic gland —c.     !
Luxurians, Fungosity—c. Orbicularis, Placenta—    .
c. Parenchymatica,  Parenchyma—c.  Quadrata,
Palmaris brevis—c. Quadratus  Sylvii, see Flexor    i
longus digitorum pedis  profundus perforans, (ae-
cessorius)—c Viscerum, Parenchyma.
   CAROB TREE, Ceratonia siliqua.
   CAROBA ALNABATI, Ceratonium siliqua.
   CARODES, Carotic.                           '
   CAROLI, see Chancre.
   CAROLI'NA, NORTH, MINERAL WATERS
OF.   In the counties of Warren, Montgomery,
Rockingham,  Lincoln,  Buncomb,  and Rowan,
there are mineral springs.   They belong  gene-
rally to the sulphureous or acidulous saline.
   CAROLINA, SOUTH, MIXERAL WATERS    I
OF.   They are numerous.  Pacolet  Springs, on
the west bank  of Pacolet River, contain sulphur
and  iron. Many,  with similar properties, but not
held in estimation, are scattered about the  State.
   CARONCULE, Caruncle—c. Lachrymale, Ca-
runcle.
   CARONCULES MYRTIFORMES,  Carun-
culae myrtiformes—c. de I Urltre, Carnosities of
the urethra.
   CARONCULEUX, Carunculous.
  CAROPI, Amomum cardamomum.
  CAROSIS, Somnolency.
  CAROTA, see Daucus carota. 
CAROTIC                171               CARREAU
  CAROT'IC, Carol icua,  Carol id, Carol idus,
Otirolida'us,  Cam'des,  Coin'atoae,  from  xupoj,
•stupor,'  (F.) Carotiqne.   Relating to  stupor  or
carua—as a carotic state;—or to the carotids, (F.)
Carotidien.
  Carotic   Arteries,  Carotids — c.  Ganglion,
see Carotid Nerve—c. Nerve, Carotid Nerve — c.
Plexus, see Carotid Xerve.
  CAROTICA, Narcotics.
  CAROT1CUS, Carotic.
  CAROTID, Carotic.
  CAROTID.ECS, Carotic.
  CAROTID I EN,  Carotic.
  CAROT'IDS, Carot'ides, Carolica, Carotidea,
Capita'lea, Juguln'res, Sopora'les, Sopora'ria, So-
porif'era, Sa^,<  'era, Apoplec'tita, Lethar'gtca
(Arte'ria), Cm ■''i■' Ar'teries, Cephalic Arteries,
(F.)  Artlres Carotidea;  from xapos, 'stupor,' [?].
The  great arteries of the neck, which carry blood
to the  head.  They are divided into, 1. Primitive
or common ;  the  left of  which arises  from the
aorta,  and the right from a trunk, common to it
and  the subclavian. 2. External or pericephalic,
branch of the primitive, which extends from the
last  to the neck of the condyle  of the lower jaw;
and, 3.  Internal, Arte'ria cerebra'lia  vel ence.-
phul'ica, another branch of the primitive, which,
arising at the same place  as  the external, enters
the  cranium, and terminates on a level with the
fissure of Sylvius, dividing into several branches.
  Carotid or Carotic Canal, Cana'lia Carol icus,
Canal infiexe de loa temporal—(Ch.), Canal caro-
tidien, is a canal in the temporal  bone, through
which  the carotid  artery and  several nervous
filaments pass.
  Carotid or Carotic Foram'ina, Forain'ina Ca-
rolica, (F.) Troua  curotidiena, are distinguished
into internal and cxternaL  They  are tbe foram-
ina at  each extremity of the  Canalis Caroticua.
  Carotii>,(! an-glion, see Carotid  nerve.
  Carotid Xerve, Carol ic  nerve,  Nervua carol-
icus.  A branch from the superior cervical gan-
glion of the great sympathetic,  which ascends  by
the side  of the internal carotid.   It divides into
two  portions, which enter the carotid canal, and,
by their  communication with each  other and the
petrosal  branch of the  vidian, form the carotid
plexus.  They also frequently form a small gan-
gliform swelling on the under part of the artery
—the  carotic or  carotid  or  cuvernotia  ganglion,
ganglion of Laumonier.
  Carotid Plexus, see Carotid nerve.
   CAROTTE, Daucus carota.
  CAROUA, Carum (seed).
  CAROUBIER, Ceratonium siliqua.
   CAROUGE, see Ceratonium siliqua.
  CARPAL, Carpa'lia; from Kapnoc,, ' the wrist.'
Belonging or relating to the carpus or wrist.
  CARPASA. Carbasa.
  CARPA'SIUM,  Car'paaum,  and Carpe'sinm.
Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen, Ac,  have given these
names, and  that  of Carpasoa, to a plant, which
cannot now be determined, and whose juice, called
Opocnr'pason,  oTOKapxaaov', passed  for a violent,
narcotic  poison, and was confounded with myrrh.
  CARPATIIICUM, see Pinus cembra.
  CARPE, Carpus.
  CARPEXTARIA, Achillea millefolium.
  CARPENTER'S LEAF, Galax aphylla
  CARPESIUM, Carpasium.
  CARPHO'DES, Carpho'ldes, from xaptjios, 'floc-
cultta,' and  tiios,  'resemblance.'   Flocculent,
stringy;  — as  muciia  carphodea,   flocculent  or
stringy mucus.
  CARPI10L0G"IA, Tilmua, Carpolof'ia, Cro-
tidis'niita, Crocydia'mua,  Flocco'rum venn'tio, Floc-
eile'tjiiim, Tricholoif'ia,  Crocidix'is, Floccila'tion,
Floccita'tion,  from Kaphas, 'fioc'cuius,'  and Xtyot,
'I collect,' or 'pluck,' (F.) Carphologie.  Action
of gathering flocculi.  A delirious picking of the
bed-clothes, as  if to seek some  substance, or to
pull  the flocculi  from them.  It  denotes  great
cerebral  irritability and  debility, and  is an  un-
favourable sign in fevers, Ac.
  CARPHOS, Trigonella fuenum.
  CARPIA, Linteum.
  CARPIiEUS, Palmaris brevis.
  CAR'PIAL,  Car'pian, Carpia'nus, Carpia'lis,
(¥.)  Carpien.   Belonging to the Carpus.
  Car'pialLig'aments, (F.) Ligaments Carpiens,
are,  1. The fibrous fascia;, which unite the  bones
of the carpus; and, 2.  The annular ligaments,
anterior and posterior.
  CARPIAX, Carpial.
   CARPIEN,  Carpial.
  CARPISMUS, Carpus
  C A R P 0 B A L S A M U M, see Amyris opobal-
samum.
  CARPOLOGIA,  Carphologia—c.  Spasmodica,
Subsultus tendinum.
  CARPO-METACARPEUS MINIMI DIGITI,
Adductor metacarpi minimi digiti—c. Jletucar-
pien du petit doigt, Opponens  minimi digiti —
c. Metacarpien du pouce, Opponens  pollicis — c.
Phalangeus minimi digiti, Abductor minimi digiti
— c. Phalangien du petit doigt, Abductor minimi
digiti, Flexor parvus minimi digiti—c. Phalangien
du pouce, Flexor brevis  pollicis manus—c. <$»«-
phalaitgien du  pouce, Abductor pollicis brevis.
   CARPO-PEDAL, from carpus, 'the wrist,' and
pes, pedis, 'the foot.'  Relating to the wrist and
foot.
   Carpo-pedal Spasm, Cer'ebralspasmod'ie
croup.  A spasmodic affection  of the  chest  and
larynx in young  children, accompanied by gene-
ral or partial convulsions. The disease  commonly
occurs between the third and ninth month, and
is characterized by excessive dyspnoea, accompa-
nied by a loud croupy noise on inspiration; the
thumbs  being  locked, and the  hands and  feet
rigidly bent for a longer or shorter period.   The
seat of the disease is evidently in  the cerebro-
spinal  axis, primarily or secondarily:  generally,
perhaps, it is owing to erethism seated  elsewhere,
but communicated  to the  cerebro-spinal  centre,
and reflected to the respiratory and other muscles
concerned. It seems to be  connected with dental
irritation; and  consequently, in the  treatment,
where  such is the case, the gums should be freely
divided;  after  which, cathartics and revulsives,
with the use of  narcotics  and appropriate diet,
will generally remove the affection;  for although
extremely alarming, it is often not attended with
great danger.   See Asthma thymicum.
   CARPOS, Fruit.
   CARPOT'ICA, from Kaptros,  'fruit.'  Diseases
affecting  impregnation.   Irregularity,  difficulty
or danger produced by parturition :—the 3d or-
der,  class Genetica, of Good.
  CARPUS,  Carpis'mus,  Brachia'le,   Rasce'ta,
Raste'ta, Rascha, Raae'ta, Raset'ta, Wrist, (Prov.)
Hand-wrist, Shackle, (¥.)  Carpe, Poignet.   The
part between  the  fore-arm and hand.   Eight
bones compose it (in two rows).   In the superior
row there are,  from without to within—the Sra-
phoidea  or navicula're,  Luna're or semiluna'-e,
Cuneifor'me,  and Orbtcula're or piaifor'me.   In
the lower row—Trope'zium, Trapezoi'dea, Mag-
num, and Uncifor'me.
  CARRAGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus.
   CARRE, Quadratus — c. fie  la Cuiaae, Quad-
ratus femoris — c. dea Lombea,  Quadratus luui-
borum — c. du Menton, Depressor labii inferioris
—c. du Pied, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis.
  CARREAU, Tabes mesenterica. 
CARRIE               172           CARYOCOSTINUS
  CARREE, see Flexor longus digitorum pedis
profundus perforans (accessorius).
  CARRELET,  (¥.)  Acua triangula'ria.  A
straight  needle, two or three inches  long, the
point of which is  triangular; and which the
ancients  used  in different operations.  Also, a
wooden,  triangular  frame for fixing  a  cloth
through which  different pharmaceutical prepara-
tions are passed.
  CARROX* OIL, Linimentum aquae calcis.
  CARROT, CANDY, Athamanta  cretensis—c.
Deadly, Thapsia.
  Carrot Plant, Daucus ca*ota.
  CARTHAGENA BARKS, see Cinchona.
  CARTHAMUS MACULATUS, Carduus ma-
rianus.
  Car'thamus   Tincto'rius,  Am'yron,  Cnicua,
Crocua  German'icus seu  Saracen'icus,  Car'tha-
mum officina'rum,  Car'duus sativus, Safra'num,
Saffron-flower,  Safflower,  Safflow, Bastard Saf-
fron, Dyer'e  Saffron,  (¥.)  CaHhame,  Safran
bdtard,  Carthame  dea  Teinturiera.  Ord.  Coin-
positas.   Sex. Syat.  Syngenesia Polygamia aequa-
lis.  The seeds are aromatic, cathartic, and diu-
retic; yet to the parroquet they are an article of
food; hence their name,  Grainea de Parroquet.
The flowers, Car'thamua (Ph.  U. S.), are employed
as a cosmetic, and are a reputed diaphoretic.  [?]
  CARTHEGON, see Buxus.
  CAR'TILAGE, Chondros, Cartila'go, Gristle,
(Sc.) Girsle, (¥.) Cartilage.  A solid part of the
animal  body,  of a  medium consistence between
bone and ligament, which in the foetus is a sub-
stitute for bone, but in the  adult exists only in
the  joints,  at  the  extremities of  the ribs,  Ac.
Cartilages  are  of a whitish colour, flexible, com-
pressible, and  very elastic,  and some of them
apparently  inorganic.   They are composed,  ac-
cording  to  J. Davy, of .44 albumen, .55 water,
and .01 phosphate of lime.
   CARTILAGE ANONYME,  Cricoid,  (carti-
lage)—c. Epiglottic, Epiglottis—c.  MttcronS,  Xi-
phoid Cartilage—c. Supra-arytenoid, Corniculum
laryngis—c. Tarsal, see Tarsus.
   Cartilages, Articular, Obdu'cent Car'tilages,
invest bony surfaces, which are in contact; hence
they are called investing  or incruating cartilages,
(¥.) Cartilagea de revetement ou d'encroutement.
   Cartilages, Cuneiform, op the Larynx, see
Cuneiform.
   CARTILAGES  EBURNlUs,  see Eburnifica-
tion.
   Cartilages, Interarticular,  Menia'ci,  are
such as  are situate within the joints, as in  the
knee joint.
   Cartilages, Intervertebral, see Interverte-
bral.
   Cartilages of Ossifica'tioit  are such  as, in
the  progress of ossification, have to form an in-
tegrant part of bones;  as those of the long  bones
in the new-born infant.  They are termed tem-
porary;  the  others being permanent.   All  the
cartilages, with the exception of the articular,
are surrounded by a membrane analogous to the
periosteum, called Perichondrium.
   Cartilages  of the Ribs are, in some respects,
only prolongations of the ribs. Those of the nose,
of the meatus  auditorius, and Eustachian  tube,
present a similar arrangement.  Other cartilages
resemble a union of fibrous and cartilaginous tex-
tures ; hence their name Fibro-cartilagee.
  Cartilages  of  Santorini,  Corniculum  La-
ryngis— c.  Semilunar,  see Semilunar — e. Sig-
moid,  Semilunar   cartilages — c of  Wrisberg,
Cuneiform Cartilages of the Larynx.
  CARTILAGINES   GUTTURALES,' Aryte-
noid  cartilages—c. Semilunares,  Samilunar car-
tilages—c. Sigmoideae, Semilunar cartilages.
  Cartilaginis Arytenoid.*:^ Capitulum, Cor-
niculuui lnrvngis.
  CARTILAG"INOUS,  Cartilagin'eus, Cartila-
gino'ana,  Chond'ro'dea,  Chondroi'dea, (¥.) Curti-
lagineux.  Belonging to,  or resembling cartilnge.
  Cartilaginous Tissue, see Tissue.
  CARTILAGO, Cartilage—c.  Clypealis,  Thy-
roid cartilage—c. Ensiformis, Xiphoid  cartilage
—c Gutturalis,  Arytenoid cartilage—c. Innomi-
nata, Cricoid—c. Mucronata, Xiphoid cartilage—
c. Peltalis, Thyroid  cartilage, Xiphoid cartilage—
c. Peltatus, Thyroid cartilage — c.  Scutiforuiis,
Thyroid  cartilage—c. Uvifer, Uvula—c. Xiphoi-
des, Xiphoid cartilage.
  CARUM, from  Caria, a  province   of  A.-ia.
A'pium seu Bu'nium seu Ligus'ti'Mut seu Sea'eli
carvi seu carum,  Sium  cam',  Ca'reum, Carum
car'vi, Carvi, Cumi'nnmpraten'ae, Carua, Cur'umi,
the Car'away, (¥.) Carvi, Cumin des prea. Order,
Umbelliferae.   Sex. Syat. Pentandria  Digyuia.
The seeds, Caraway eeeda,  (Prov.)  Carry  seeds,
Carnaba'dia,  Car'otta,  Carum (Ph. U. S.), are
carminative.  Dose, gr. x to !Jij> swallowed whole
or bruised.  The oil, Oleum Car'u'i, (¥.) Huile da
carvi, has the properties  of the seeds.  Dose, gtt.
ij to vj.   Aqua  Car'ui,  Car'away lFafer, is offi-
cinal in  the Pharmacopoeias of  London  and
Dublin.
  Carum Bulbocastanum, Bunium bulbocasta-
num.
  CAR'UNCLE, Carun'cula, diminutive of caro,
'flesh.'   A small portion of flesh, Sar'cium, Sar-
cid'ium.  .A fleshy  excrescence,—Ecphy'ma car-
un'cula,  (¥.) Caroncule.
  Caruncle, Carnositas.
  Caruncles in the Urethra, Carnosities.
  Carun'cula  Lacryma'lis,  (F.)  Caroncule
lacrymale.  A small,  reddish, follicular  body,
situate at the inner angle of the eye.  It secretes
a gummy substance.               •
  Caruncula Seminalis, Gallinaginis caput
  CARUNCUL^l CUTICULARES, Nvjnpbfe.
  CaruncuLjE Mammilla'res.  The efueujities
of  the  lactiferous  tubes in  the  nipples.   The
olfactory nerves have been so called by some.
  Carunculjs  Myrtifor'mes,  C.  Vagitut'les,
Glan'dula niyrtifor'mee, (¥.)  Caroncttlee tuyrti.-
formea.   Small, reddish  tubercles, more or less
firm, of variable form,  and  uncertain number,
situate near the orifice of the vagina, and formed
by  the mucous  membrane.  They are  regarded
as the remains of the hymen.
  Caruncula PAPiLLARES,Papillaeofthekidney.
  CARUN'CULOUS,  Carutlcuhir, (¥.) Caroncu-
leux.  Relating to caruncles or carnosities.
  CARUON,  Carum.
  CARUS, Kapos, Sopor caro'ticua, Profound aleep.
The last degree  of  coma, with complete insensi-
bility, which no stimulus can remove, even for »
few instants.  Sopor,  Coma, Lethargia, and Ca-
rua, are four degrees of the same condition.
  Carus Apoplexia,  Apoplexy — c. Asphyxia,
Asphyxia—c. Catalepsia, Catalepsy—c. Ecstasis,
Ecstasis — c. Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus in-
ternus—c. ab  Insolatione, Coup de eoleil—c. Le-
thargus, Lethargy—c. Lethargus cataphora, Som-
nolency— c.  Lethargus   vigil,  Coma  vigil —c
Paralysis,  Paralysis — c.  Paralysis  paraplegia,
Paraplegia—c. Veternus, Lethargy.
  CARVI, Carum.
  CARVY SEEDS, see  Carum.
  CARYA, Hickory, Juglans regia—c. Basilica,
Juglans regia.
  CARYDION, Corylus  avellana.
  CARYEDOX  CATAGMA, see Fracture.
  CARYOCOST'INUS, Caryocoatinum. An elec-
tuary prepared of the costus and  other aro-uifio
substances, Ac.  It was cathartic.   Sea  ConfoctW
scamnionisB. 
CARYON               173             CASSUMUNIAR
  CARTON, Juglans regia—c. Ponticon, Corylus
tvellana (nut.)
  CARYOl'UYLLA, Geum urbanum.
  CARYOPHYLLATA AQUATICA,  Geum ri-
vale—c. Nutans, Geum rivale—c. Urbana, Geum
urbanum—e. Vulgaris, Geum urbanum.
  CARYOPHYLLUM RUBRUM, Dianthus ca-
ryopbvllns.
  CARYOPHYLLUS AMERICANUS, see Myr-
lns pimenta—c. Aromaticus, Eugenia caryophyl-
luta — c. Hortensis, Dianthus caryophyllus — c.
Pimenta, Myrtus Pimenta — c. Vulgaris, Geum
urbanum.
  CARYO'TI.  The best kind of dates.—Galen.
   CAS  RARES (F.), Rare cases.   This term is
used, by the French, for pathological facts, which
vary from what is usual.  See a celebrated article
under this  head in the Dictionnaire dea Sciences
MSdicales.  Vol. IV.
   CASAMUM, Cyclamen.
   CASAMUX'AR,  Cassumuniar.
   CASCADIXG, Vomiting.
   CAS'CARA, CASCARIL'LA.  Spanish words,
 which signify bark and little bark,  under which
 appellations  the bark (Cinchona) is  known in
 Peru. They are now applied to the  bark of Cro-
 ton  cascarilla.   The bark-gatherers are called
 Cascarilleros.
   CASCARILLA, Cascara, Croton cascarilla—c
 Carabaya,  see  Cinchonae  cordifolia? cortex — c.
 Colorada, Cinchonae oblongifoliae cortex—c. Roxa,
 Cinchonas oblongifoliae cortex.
   CASCARILLEROS, pee Cascara.
   CASCHEU, Catechu.
   CASE,  Capsa, Theea, (¥.) Caiaee.   This name
 is given to boxes for the preservation of instru-
 ments, or of medicines necessary in hospital or
 other service.  We say, e. g.—A caae of ampu-
 tating, or of trepanning  inatrumente.   A pocket
 case, Armaj/ienta'rium portab'ile, (¥.)  Troueae,
 contains the smaller instruments in constant use
 with the surgeon.
   Case, Chum, from  cadere, caattm,  'to  fall.'
 The  condition of a patient; — as a caae of fever,
 Ac.  (F.)  Obaervation.  Also, the  history of a

   CASEARIUS, Cheesy.
   CA'SEIN, Caseine, Ca'aeum, Galactine, Tyrine,
 Lactalbu'men, Caaeotta matter, (¥.)  Caseine, Ma-
 tilre caaeuse, from caaeua,  'cheese.'   The only
 nitrogenized constituent of milk.  It is identical
 in composition  with  the chief constituents of
 blood,—fibrin and albumen, all being compounds
 of protein.  A similar principle exists in the vege-
 table, Vegetable Caaein  or Legu'min,  Veg"etdble
 Gluten.  It is chiefly found in leguminous  seeds
 —peas, beans, lentils.  Like vegetable albumen,
 Casein  is  soluble  in water; and  the  solution is
 not coagulable by heat.
   Casein, Blood  Globulin—c. of the  Saliva, see
 Saliva—c. of the Small intestine, Albuminose.
   CASEOSUS, Cheesy.
   CASEOUS MATTER, Casein.
   CASEUM, Casein.
    CASEUS, Cheese—c. Equinus, Hippace.
    CASEUX, Cheesy.
    CASHEW, Anacardium occidentale.
    CASHOO.  An aromatic drug of Hiudoostan,
 said to possess pectoral virtues.
    CASHOW, Catechu.
    CASIA, Laurus cassia.
   CASMINA, Cassumuniar.
    CASMONAR, Cassumuniar.
   CASSA, Thorax.
   fASSADA ROOT, Jatropha manihot.
   CASSAVA,  BITTER,  Jatropha  manihot —c.
 Root, Jatropha manihot.
    CASSE AROMATIQUE, Laurus  cassia —c.
 •« Batons, Cassia fistula—c. en Bois, Laurus cas-
sia— e. dea Boutiquea, Cassia fistula — c. Sint,
Cassia  senna.
  CASSE-LUNETTE, Centaurea cyanus, Cya-
nus segetum, Euphrasia officinalis.
  CASSEENA, Ilex vomitoria.
  CASSENOLES, see Quercus infectoria.
  CASSIA, Laurus  cassia—c Absus, Absus — c.
Acutifolia,  C. senna — c.  iEgyptian, C. senna —
c. Alexandrina, C. fistula — c. Bonplandiana, C.
fistula.
  Cassia Cham^cris'ta, Prairie  senna, Par-
tridge  Pea,  Wild Senna, an indigenous  plant,
Order, Leguminosae, which flowers in August.  It
resembles Cassia Marilandica in properties.
  Cassia Cinnamomea, Laurus  cassia — c.  Ca-
ryophyllata,  Myrtus caryophyllata — c. Canella,
Laurus cassia — c.  Egyptian, Cassia senna — c.
Excelsa, C. fistula.
  Cas'sia  Fis'tula, C. nigra seu fistula'ria seu
Alexandrina seu excelsa  seu  Boiiplandia'na,
Cannn, C. soluWva seu fistula, Cathartocar'pue,
Baefyrilu'bitimfis'fitla, Purging Cassia, (¥.) Casse
CunSfic'er, CanSficier ou  en Bdtons ou des Bou-
tiques.   The pulp of Cassia Fis'tula or Catharto-
car'pua Fiatttla, Pudding pipe tree ; Fam. Legu-
minosae ; Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia, Pulpit
Cas'sia,  Cassia  Aramen'tum,   Cassia   Fistula
Pttlpa, (Ph. U. S.), which  is obtained  in long
pods, is black, bright, and shining; swe.et,  slightly
acid, and inodorous.' It is laxative in the dose
of 3iv to gj.
   Cassia  Lanceolata,  C.   senna—e.   Lignea,
Laurus  cassia — c. Lignea  Malabarica,  Laurus
cassia.
   Cassia  Marilan'dica,  Senna  America'na,
American or Wild Senna, Locust plant, (¥.) Seni
dAmSrique. The leaves  of this plant are  similar,
in virtue,  to those of cassia senna.  They are,
however, much inferior in strength.
   Cassia  Nigra,  C. fistula — c.  Officinalis, C.
senna—c. Orientalis, C. senna—c. Purging, Cas-
sia fistula.
   Cassia  StNNA, C. lanceola'ta seu acntifo'lia
seu  orienta'lis seu officinalis. The name of  the
plant  which affords senna.   It  is yielded, how-
ever, by several species of the genus cassia.  The
leaves of senna, Senna Folia, Senna Alexandri-
na seu Italica, Sena, Senna or ^Egyptian Cassia,
 (¥.) SSnS,  Casse SSnS, have a faint  smell, and
bitterish taste.   The active part, by <ome called
 Cathartin,  is extracted  by  alcohol and water.
 Their activity is  injured  by boiling water.  They
 are a hydragogue cathartic, and apt to gripe.
 Dose  of the powder, $j  to  ^j.  Infusion is  the
 best form.
   The varieties of senna, in commerce, are Tin-
 nivelly Senna, Bombay or Common India Senna,
 Alexandrian Senna, Tripoli Senna, and Aleppo
 Senna.
   CASSLE ARAMENTUM, see Cassia fistula—
 c.  Fistulas pulpa, see Cassia fistula — c. Flores,
 see Laurus cinnamomum.
   CASSIALA, Hyssopus.
   CASSIDA GALERICULATA, Scutellaria ga-
 lericulata.
   CASS IDE BLEUE, Scutellaria galericulata.
   CASSINA, Ilex vomitoria.
   CASSINE CAROLINIANA,  Ilex paragiiensis
 —c. Evergreen, Ilex vomitoria—c. Peragua, Ilex
 paraguensis.
   CASSIS, Ribes nigrum.
   CASSITEROS, Tin.
   C A S S U M U' NIA R, Casamu'nar, Casmonar,
 Zerumbet, Caamina, Rleagon, Ben'gale Indo'rum,
 Bengal  Root, (¥.)  Racine de Bengale.   A root,
 obtained from the East Indies, in irregular slices
 of various  forms;  some  cut transversely, others
 longitudinally. "  It is an aromatic bitter, and is
 consequently tonic  and  stimulant.  It was ouog 
CASSUVIUM  FOMIFERUM    17
oonsidered  a panacea, and  has been referred  to j
Zingiber Caaaiimniiiar, Z. Clifford'in seu pttrpil- |
reum, Amo'mum  monta'num, and to Zingiber Ze- .
ritmhet seu  apu'rimn, Amo'mum Zertunbet seu syl-
vea'tre.                                        j
  CASSUVIUM  POMIFERUM,  Anacardium j
occidentale.
  CAS'SYTA FILIFORM'IS.  A  South African
plant, Nat.  Ord.  Laurineae, which  is  employed j
by the (.'ape  colonists as a wash  in scald head, i
and n* an antiparasitic.                         I
  CAST. Contortion, Caste — c. in the Eye, see
Strabismus.
  CASTALTA SPECIOSA, Nymphaea alba.
  CASTANEA,  Fagus  castanea: see, also, Fagus
castanea pumila—c. Equina, iEsculus Hippocas-
tanuin—c  Pumila, Fagus castanea puinila.
  CASTE,  Cast, from (P.) Casta, 'race or lineage.'
A  name given, by  the  Portuguese in India,  to
classes of society, divided  according to occupa-
tions, which have  remained  distinct  from the
earliest times.  Hence a separate and fixed order
or class.  See Half-caste.
  CASTELLAMARE  DI  STABIA, WATERS
OF.   Castellamare  di Stabia is a town in Naples,
in  the Principato Citra, 15 miles S. S.  E. of Na-
ples.  There are two springs, the one sulphu-
reous, the other  chalybeate.
  CASTELLETTO  ADONO, WATERS  OF.
These  waters, situate near' Acqui,  in  Italy, are
sulphureous.
  CASTERA-VIVENT, WATERS OF.    Cas-
tera-Vivent is a small village  in the department
of Gers, near which is a cold acidulous  chaly-
beate,  and  another which  is sulphureous  and
thermal.  Temp. 84° Fahrenheit.
  CASTIGANS, Corrigent.
  CASTIGLIO'NIA LOBA'TA, Pirtoncillo  tree.
A  tree, which is  cultivated in some parts of Peru,
and grows wild in abundance.  Its beautifiil fruit,
when roasted, has an agreeable flavour.  When
an incision is made into the stem, a clear bright
liquid flows out, which,  after some time, becomes
black  and  horny-like.   It is a very  powerful
C£LU8t 1C.
  CASTILLON POWDERS, see  Powders,  Cas-
tillon.
   CASTING, Vomiting.
   OASTJOE, Catechu.
   CASTLE-LEOD, AVATERS OF.  A sulphu-
reous spring in  Ross-shire, Scotland, celebrated
for the cure of cutaneous and other diseases.
   CASTOR  BAY, Magnolia glauca.
   Castor  Fiber,  Fiber,  Canie Pon'tieue, the
Bearer.  t¥.) Caator.   It  furnishes the Castor.
Rondelet recommends slippers made of its  skin
in gout. Its blood, urine, bile, and fat, were for-
merly used in medicine.
   Castor Oil Plant, Ricinus communis.
   CASTO'REUM,  Chato'rium, Castor,  Caatoreum
Ros'sicum et Canoden'se, from Kaarup,  ' the  bea-
ver,' quasi yaariap,  from yaori7p, ' the  belly,' be-
cause  of the size  of its  belly. [?]  A peculiar
matter found in  the follicles of the prepuce of the
beaver, Castor fiber. Its odour is strong, unplea-
sant, and  peculiar; taste  bitter, subacrid ;  and
colour orange brown.   It  is antispasmodic, and
often employed.  Dose, gr. x to ^j.
   CASTORIXA, from Caatoreum, 'castor.'  Me- '
dicines containing castor.
   CASTRANGULA, Scrophularia aquatica.
   CASTRAT. Castratus.
.   CASTRA'TIOX, Cnatro'tio, Ec'tome, Ectom'ia,
Erira'tio, Excastra'tio,  Etcsticula'tio, Extirpn'fio
teaticulo'rtim, Detesta'tio, E.caec'tio virilium, En- J
nnchia'mtts, Orchotom'ia, Orcheolomy,  Orchidol-
omy,  Gelding,  Spaying,  (¥.)  Chdtrure.   The j
operation of removing  the testicles.  Sometimes  ]
the term is employed for the operation when per- ||
4          CATAGOGLOSSUM
formed on one testicle; hence the division into
complete  and  incomplete castration.  Castration
renders the individual incapable of reproduction.
  The term Spaying is  usually restricted to  the
removal of the ovaries.
  CASTRATO, Castratus.
  CASTRA'TUS,  (I.)  Caatra'to,  Eetom'itts,
Eniasrii/a'tiis,  Erira'tna, Exsec'tut, Desvc'tns, Ex-
testiciila'tus, Ex muribns, Intcatnb1ilia, iuteata'lits,
Spado, Apoc'opns,  Bago'ns, from  cast rare,  ' to
castrate.'  (F.) Castrat,  ChdtrS.   One  deprived
of testicles.   In the Southern States an animal
thus situated is said to be altered.  Thi< priva-
tion has a great influence on the development of
puberty.   It is practised to procure a clearer and
sharper voice ;  and in the East, the guardians of
the harem, for the sake of security, arc converted
into   Castra'ti  or  Eu'nucha,  tvvovxoi.  Emiticha
have generally both testes and penis removed.
  CASUS, Prolapsus,  Symptom — c.  Palpebra
superioris, Blepharoptosis--c.  Uvulae, Staphyle-
dema.
  CAT FOOT, Gnaphalium polycephalum.
  CAT TAIL, Typha latifolia.
  CATA, Kara, 'downwards.'  'after,'applied to
time :  at times, it  gives additional  force to the
radical word".   A common prefix, as in—
  CATAB'ASIS,  from Karajiaivto, 'I descend.'
An expulsion of humours  downwards.   Also, a
descent,  Deseen'eus, Descen'sio, — as of the tes-
ticles, Descetlsua testicitlo'rtim.
  CATABLE'MA, KnraBXtyta,  (Kara and BaXXuv,)
'anything let fall, as a curtain,' Epible'mu, Pe-
rible'ma.  The outermost bandage which secures
the rest.
  CATABYTHISMOMA'NIA, from KaraB-Sie.
pos, ' submersion,' and uavia, '  mania.'  lusauity,
with a propensity to suicide by drowning.
  CATAOASMUS, Cupping, Scarification.
  CATACAUMA,  Burn.
  CATACAUSIS,  Combustion, human— c. Ebri-
osa, Combustion, human.
  CATACERAS'TICUS,  from KaraKtpavvvm, 'I
temper,'  'I correct.'  The same as Epicerastieus.
A medicine capable of blunting acrimony of the
humours.
  CATACHASMOS, Scarification
  CATACIIRISIS, Inunction.
  CATACHRISTON, Liniment.
  CATACH'YSIS, Effu'sio, Perfti'sio,from Kara-
Xtm, 'I pour upon.   Affusion with cold water.—
Hippocrates.  Decantation.
  CATACLASIS,  from  KaraKXa^, 'I  break to
pieces.'  Gam'pylum, Campylo'tis.  Distortion, or
spasmodic fixation  of the eyes ; spasmodic occlu-  -ii
sion of the eyelids.  Also, fracture of a bone.—
Hippocrates, Vogel.
  CATACLEIS', from Kara, 'beneath,' and «•>£(?,
'the  clavicle;' 'a'  lock or  fastening,' xura/cAttw
(Kara and kAciw), I  lock up.  This term has been
applied to many parts, as  to the first  rib,  the
acromion, the  joining of the  sternum  with  the
ribs, <fcc.
  CATACLEPSIS, same  etymon. A locking up.
The act of locking up. Morbid union of the eye-lids.
  CATACLYS'MUS,  Cataclya'ma,  Cata'clysin,
from  KaraKXv^ttv,  'to  submerge,  inundate.'  A
Clyster.—Hippocr.   Others mean, by the term, a
shower-bath, or copious affusion of water;  Cattz-
one'sis.   Ablution,  Douche.
  CATIONESIS, Catantlema, Cataclysmus.
  CAT.AGAUNA.  Cambogia.
  CATAGLOSSUM, Glossocatoehus.
  CATAGMA, Fracture—c. Fissura, Fissure, see
Contrafissura—c. Fractura, Fracture
  CATAGMAT'ICS, Catagmnt'iva rsm'd'in, frora
Karaytia,  'fracture.'  Remedies supposed  to  be
capable of occasioning the formation of callus.
  CATAGOGLOS'SUM, from  rurayuv, ' to dra« 
CATAGRAPIIOLOGIA         17
down,' and yXmcca, 'the tongue.'  An instrument ]
for pressing down the tongue.  See  Glossocato-
chus.
  CATAGRAPIIOLOGIA, Pharmacocatagrapho-
logia.
  CAT AIRE, Nepeta, see FrSmiaeement cataire.
  CATALEN'TIA.   Epilepsy, or some  disease
resembling it—Paracelsus.
  CATALEPSIA SPURIA, Ecstasis.
  CATALEP'SY, Catalep'sia,  Catalep'sis, Cat'-
oche,  Cnt'ochua, Calocha Gale'ni, Morbus atton'-
ittis Celsi, Hys'te'ria catalep'tica, Congela'tio, De-
ten' tio,Encatalep' sis, Aphonia—(Hippocr.,)^>irtu'-
rft'rt— (Antigenes.)  Apprehen'aio,  Contempla'tio,
Stupor riif'ilana, Prehen'aio, Cants  Catalep'sia,
Oppree'aio, Comprehen'aio—(Cad. Aurelian,) Com-
pren'aio,Apoplcx'ia Catalep'sia,from KaraXapBavu),
'I seize hold  of.'  Trance [?]  (F.) Catalepsie.  A
disease in which there  is sudden  suspension of
the action of the  senses  and  of volition ; the
limbs and trunk preserving the different positions
given to them.  It is a rare affection, but is seen,
at times,  as  a  form of hysteria.  Some  of the
Greek writers have used the word in its true ac-
ceptation of a seizure, surprise, &c.
   CAT ALEVTIC.Catalep'tieus,(¥.)Cataleptique.
Same etymon.  Relating to catalepsy.  Affected
with catalepsy.
   Catalep'tic Method, Meth'odtts Catalep'tica.
The administration of external agents when  in-
ternal agents are inapplicable.
   CATALOT'IC, Catalolietts, from KaraXoata, 'to
break or grind down.'  A remedy which removes
unseemly cicatrices.
   CATAL'PA, C. Arbo'rea  seu Cordifo'lia seu
Arbores'cens seu Bignonio'i'des seu Syringafo'lia,
Biijno'uia  Catalpa, Cataw'ba tree,  Bean tree,
Indian Bean.  A decoction of the pods  of the
Catalpa, an American  tree, of the Order Bigno-
niaceae, Didynamia Angiospermia, has been  re-
commended in chronic nervous asthma.
   Catalpa Arborea, Catalpa—c Bignonioides,
Catalpa—c. Cordifolia, Catalpa—c. Syringaefolia,
Catalpa.
   CATAL'YSIS, Paralysis, from Kara, and Avw,
'I dissolve or  decompose.'   The  action of pre-
sence in  producing decomposition :  as when  a
body which possesses what has been termed ca-
talytic force — (F.) Force  catalytique — resolves
other bodies  into new compounds by mere con-
tact or presence, without itself experiencing any
modification.
   CATALYT'IC, Catalylicus.   Same etymon.
A medicine, which is presumed to act by the de-
struction or counteraction of  morbid agencies  in
the blood.—Headland.  See Catalvsis.
   CATALYTIC FORCE, see Catalysis.
   CATAMENIA, Menses—c. Alba, Leucorrhoea.
   CATAME'NIAL,   Catamcnia'lis,  Men'strual,
Men'strutis, Men'struotts,  (¥.)  Menstrutl,  from
Kara, and pnv, 'a month.'  Appertaining or rela-
ting to the eatamenia.
   CATAMENIORUM FLUXUS IMMODICUS,
Menorrhagia.
   CATANANCE, Cichorium intybus.
   CATANGELOS, Ruscus.
   CATANTLE'MA,  Catantle'eia,  from   Kara,
'upon,' and  avrXaut,  'I pour.'  Cateone'aie and !
Cataone'aia.  Ablution with  warm water.  A fo-
mentation.— Moschion, Marcellus Ernpiricus.
   CATAPAS'MA, from Karanaooo), ' I sprinkle.'
Catapaa'tum,   Consper'sio,  Epipas'ton,  Pasma,
Sympns'ma, Empas'ma, Diapas'ma, Xcr'ion, As-
per'sio, Epiapaa'tum,Pttlvia aaperao'rius.  A com- I
pound medicine, in the form of powder, employed
by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers, absorb per- j
spiration,  Ae.—Paulus of iEgina.
  CATAPH'ORA, 'a  fall,'  from  Karatptpu>,  'I
throw down.'  A state resembling  sleep,  with ;
5             CATAPLASMA
privation  of feeling  and  voice.   Somnolency.
According to others,  Cataphora is simply a pro-
found sleep, which it  is difficult to rou.-e  from—
in this sense being synonymous with Sopor.
   Cataphou.A Coma,  see Apoplexy — c.  Hydro-
ccphalica, see Apoplexy — c. Cyrnini, Theriaca
Londinensis—c. Magnetica, Somnambulism, mag-
netic
   CATAPHRAC'TA,  Ctaphrac'tes,  a Cuirasa,
from KaTutppaoou), ' I fortify.'   A name given by
Galen  to a  bandage  applied  round'the thorax
and shoulders.   It was also called Quadriga.
   CATAP1ESIS. Depression.
   CATAPIX OS IS, Absorption.
   CATAP'l.ASIS,  from   KiiTurrXacow,  'to be-
smear.'  The act  of  besmearing  or  overlaying
with plaster.
   C A T ' A P L A S M,  Cataplas'ma,   Epiplas'-
ma,  Poultice,  Pultise,  (Prov.)  Pulaey,  from
KarairXaoactti, (Kara and irXacattv,  'to  form or
mould,')  'to  besmear.'   (F.)  Cataplasme.   A
medicine applied externally,  under tbe form of a
thick pap.   Cataplasms are formed of various in-
gredients, and  for different objects.  They may
be anodyne, emollient,  tonic, antiseptic, irritating,
(fee.  A simple poultice acts only by virtue of its
warmth and  moisture.  Mealy, fatty  substances,
leaves of plants, certain fruits, crumb of bread,
&c, are the most common bases.  The chief poul-
tices which have been officinal are the following:
—Anodyne — c. Cicutae, c. Digitalis.  Antiseptic
—c. Carbonis, c. Dauci, c.  Fermenti, c Acetosae,
c. Cumini.   Emollient—e. Lini,  c. Panis, c. Mali
maturi.  Irritating—c. Sinapis,  c. Sodii chloridi,
c. Quercus  Marinae.  Tonic and Astringent — c.
Alum, c. Goulard, c. of Roses.
   The Parisian  Codex had some other officinal
cataplasms:—1. Cataplas'ma anod'yitum,made of
poppy and hyoscyamus. 2.  Cataplas'vtaemolliena,
made of meal and pulps.  3. Cataplas'ma ttd aup-
puratio'nem promoven'dam, of pulps and basilicon.
4. Cataplas'ma rubefa'ciena vel  anlipleurilicum,
formed of pepper and vinegar.
   The only  cataplasms, the preparation of which
it is important to describe, are some  of the fol-
lowing:—
   Cataplasm, Alum, Coagulum Aluminosum —
c. of Beer grounds, see Cataplasma Fermenti —
c Carrot, Cataplasma Dauei—c. Charcoal,  Cata-
plasma carbonis ligni — c. of Chlorinated  Soda,
Cataplasma Sodaa chlorinatae—c. Flaxseed, Cata-
plasma Lini—c. Hemlock, Cataplasma Conii—c.
Ice, see Ice — c. Linseed, Cataplasma Lini — c.
Slippery Elm, Cataplasma Ulmi—c. Yeast,  Cata-
plasma Fermenti.
   CATAPLASMA, Cataplasm —c. Bynes, see C.
Fermenti.
   Cataplas'ma Carbo'nis, Charcoal Cataplasm
or poultice, (¥.) Cataplasme an  charbon.   Made
by adding powdered  charcoal to a common cata-
plasm.  Used as an antiseptic to foul ulcers, &c.
   Cataplas'ma Coni'i, Hemlock Cataplasm, made
by spreading soft Extract of Hemlock on a flax-
seed poultice.  Used in malignant painful ulcers
   Cataplas'ma  Dauci, Carrot  Cataplasm or
poultice.  Made by boiling  the root of the Carrot
until it is soft enough to form a poultice.   Used
in fetid ulcers.
   Cataplasma ¥jecuix Cerevisia,  see C. Fer-
menti.
   Cataplas'ma Ferment'i,(7. efferves'cena,  Yeaat
Cataplaam or poultice, (¥.) Cotitplasme de Levure.
(Take of wheat en flour, lb j ; yeast and water aa
f^v.  Expose to a gentle heat.)  It is antiseptic!
and a good application to bruises.  A Cataplaam
of Beer Grounds, Cataplasma. Fa'cula  Ccrevis'im,
C. Bynes, is  used in the same cases.
  Cataplas'ma Lini,  Linseed or Flaxseed Cata-
plasm, (¥.) Catajrfaeme de farine  de  Lin, Cata- 
CATAPLASME            176              CATARACT
plaame  commun, made by mixing  boiling water
with linseed meal, is an excellent emollient.
  Cataplas'ma Sina'pis, C.  Sina'peos,  Sin'a-
]>ism, Mustard Cataplaam,poultice orplaater, (¥.)
Cataplasme de Mmitard ou Sinapiame.  (Mustard
and  linseed meal or meal, aa, equal parts; warm
vinegar or water, q. s.) A rubefacient and stimu-
lant applied to the  soles  of the feet in coma, low
typhus, <fcc.,as well  as to  the pained part in rheu-
matism, Ac.
  Cataplas'ma Sodjt Chlorina'tj!, Cataplaam
of Chlo'rinated Soda. Made by adding solution of
chlorinated aoda to  a common flaxseed cataplasm.
Applied to foul, offensive ulcers.
  Cataplas'ma Ulmi, Slippery  Elm poultice, is
made by adding boiling water to  the  powdered
bark of Ulmusfidra, stirring  constantly.  It is a
li^ht. agreeable cataplasm.
   CATAPLASME, Cataplasm — c. an Charbon,
Cataplasma carbonis ligni—c. de Farine de  Lin,
Cataplasma lini.
  CATAPLEX'IS, Stupor, from Kara, and irXijow,
' I strike.'  The act of striking with amazement.
Appearance of astonishment, as exhibited by the
eyes in particular.   See Heemodia.
   CATAPOSIS, Deglutition.
   CATAPOTIA. Pilula.
   CATAPOTION,  Pilula.
   CATAPSYX'IS, from Karaipvxw,' I refrigerate.'
Peripsyx'is.   Considerable coldness of the body,
without rigor and horripilatio.—(ialen.  Perfric'-
tiu.   Coldness in the extreme parts of the limbs.
—Hippocrates.
   CATAPTO'SIS, Deciden'tia, a fall. This word,
at times, expresses the fall of a patient, attacked
with epilepsy or apoplexy ; at others, the sudden
resolution of a paralytic limb.
   CATAPULTA VIRILIS,  Penis.
   CATAPUTIA MINOR,  Euphorbia  lathyris,
 Rieinus communis.
   CAT'ARACT, Catarac'ta. Catarrhne'ta, Suffil-
 sio  Oc'uli, S. Lentis crystal!'ina, Phtharma  cata-
 tae'ta, Caligo lentis,  Gutta  optica, Hypoc'hyma,
 Hopoc'hysis, Hopoph'ysis, Phacoscoto'ma, Parop'-
 aia catarac'ta, Glauco'ma Woulhou'si, from Kara-
 pnaotiv, (Kara and  paaattv,) 'to tumble  down.'   A
 deprivation of sight, which  comes on as if a veil
 fell before the eyes. Cataract consists in opacity
 of the  crystalline lens or its  capsule, which pre-
 vents the passage  of  the rays of light, and pre-
 cludes vision.   The causes  are  obscure. Diag-
 nosis. — The patient  is blind,  the pupil seems
 closed by an opake body, of variable colour, but
 commonly whitish : — the pupil contracting and
 dilating.  Cataracts have been divided, by some,
 into apurioua and genuine.   The former, where
 the obstacle to vision is between the capsule of
 the lens and the uvea:  the latter, where it  is  in
 the lens  or  capsule.   A lenticular cataract  is
 where the affection is seated in the lens ;—a cap-
 sular  or  membra none, in  the capsule.   The cap-
 sular is divided again, by Beer, into the anterior,
  posterior, and complete capsular cataract.  AVhen
 tbe capsule is rendered opake, in consequence
  of  an  injury, which cuts or ruptures any part of
 it, it  thickens, becomes leathery, and has  been
  called  Catarac'ta   axida siliquo'aa.   Catarac'ta
  Morgagnia'na lactea  seu purifor'mia is the milky
  variety, in which  the crystalline  is transformed
  into a liquid similar to  milk, (F.) Cataracte lai-
  tenae ; or, as generally defined, in which there is
  opacity of the fluid situate  between the lens and
  its capsule.  The  cap'sulo-lentic'ular affects both
  lens and capsule, (Achrystallodiaphanie, Adia-
  phanie pSrichrystaltiqtte—Piorry,) and Beer con-
  ceives the liquor  Morgagni, in  an altered  state,
  may contribute to it.  Cataracts  are also called
  hard,  soft (Phaeomala'cia,), atony, (¥. pierreuae,)
  milky or cheeay (laiteuse ou caeSuse,), Galactoeata-
rac'ta, Catarac'ta lactic'olor, according to their
density: —white, pearly, yellow, brown,  gray,
green, black, (F.) blanche, perlt'e, jaune,  brune,
grise, verte, noiret according to their colour: —
fixed or vacillating — catarac'ta capanlo-lenticu-
la'ria flxa vel trem'ula,  (¥.) fixe ou branlante,
according as they are fixed or movable behind
the pupil.   They are likewise called Catarac'ta
marmora'cia, ftneatra'ta,  etella'ta,  punctilios,
dimidia'ta, <tc, according  to  the appearances
they present.
   They may be eimple, or  complicated with
adhesion, amaurosis, specks, &c.; and primary
or primitive, when opake before the operation;—i
aecondary, when the  opacity is the result of the
operation.
   The following classification of cataracts is by
M. Desmarres :—

           Class I.—True  Cataracts.
                               {Green.
                               Black.
                               Osseous.
                               Stony or chalky.
                             f Striated, etiolated,
                                 barred,  dehis-
                                 cent, with three
                                 branches, Ac.
                             -  Disseminated, or
                                 dotted.
                               Congenital.
                               Traumatic.
                              [ Glaucomatous.
                              f Morgagnian,  or
                             J   interstitial
                             j Cystic, purulent,
                              [   fetid.
                Other  varie- ( Shaking, or float-
                ties,soft,hard, I   ing.
                or liquid.    (Luxated.
                               Pyramidal  or ve-
                                 getant.
                               Arid siliquose.
                All the varieties of lenticular and
                  capsular Cataracts.
                Lenticular.
                Capsular.
                Capsulo-lenticular.
a. Lenticular
    Cataracts.
Hard.
Soft.
Liquid.
 b.  Capsular
  Cataracts.
 p.  Capsulo-
  lenticular
  Cataracts.
d.  Secondary J
  Cataracts.  1
Anterior.
Posterior
         Class II.—Falae Cataracts.
                 Fibrinous.
                 Purulent.
                 Sanguineous.
                 Pigmentous.

  Cataract is commonly a disease of elderly indi-
viduals, although, not  unfrequently, congen'ital
It forms slowly;  objects are  at  first  seen  as
through a mist; light bodies appear to fly  before
the eyes, and it is not until after months or yean
that the sight is wholly lost.  No means will ob-
viate the evil exempt an operation, which consists
in removing the obstacle to  the  passage  of the
light to the retina.   Four chief methods are em-
ployed for  this  purpose.  1. Couching or Depres-
aion, Hyalonix'ia, Ilyalonyx'ia, (¥.) Abaisaemeftt,
DSplacement de la Cataracte.  This consists in
passing a cataract needle through  the sclerotica
and subjacent membranes, a  little above the
transverse  diameter of the eye; and at about two
lines' distance from the  circumference  of the
transparent cornea, until the point arrives in the
posterior chamber  of   the  eye.  With  this the
crystalline is depressed to the outer and lower
part of the globe of  the eye,  where  it  is left.
2. By abeorption, — by  the French  termed broit-
ment or bruising.   This is performed in the 6am«
manner as the former; except that, instead of 
CATARACTA             17
 turning the crystalline from the axis of^the visual
 rays, it  is  divided by the cutting edge of the
 needle, and  its  fragments are scattered in the
 humours  of  the  eye, where they  are absorbed.
 3. By extraction, which consists in opening, with
 a particular kind of knife, the transparent cornea
 and tbe anterior portion of the capsule of the
 erysta/line ; and causing the lens to issue through
 the aperture.   Each of the processes has its ad-
 vantages  and disadvantages, and all are used by
 surgeon.-t.  4. Some, again, pass a cataract needle
 through the transparent cornea and pupil to the
 crystalline, and depress or cause its absorption.
 This is called Ceratonyxis. See, also, Reclination.
   Cataract, Black, Amaurosis — c Capsular,
 see  Cataract—c.  Capsulo-lenticular, see Cataract
 — c. Central, Centradiaphancs — c.  Cheesy, see
 Cataract — c. Congenital,  see Cataract—c Com-
 plicated, see Cataract — c. Fixed, see Cataract —
 c. Genuine, s«e Catara'ct— c Hard, see Cataract
 — c. Lenticular,  see  Cataract — c Membranous,
 see Cataract—c Miiky, see Cataract—c. Opake,
 see Cataract—c. Primary, see Cataract.—c. Primi-
 tive, see  Cataract—c Secondary, see Cataract—
 c. Simple, see Cataract—c. Soft, see.Cataract—c.
 Spurious, see Cataract—c. Stony, see Cataract—
 c. Vacillating, see Cataract.
   CATARACTA, Cataract — c. Arida siliquosa,
 see  Cataract—c Capsulo-lenticularis, see Cata-
 ract—c. Centralis,  Centradiaphanes — c. Dimidi-
 ata. see Cataract — c. Fenestrata, see Cataract—
 c. Glauca, Glaucoma—c. Lacticolor, see Cataract
 — c. Liquida, Hygrocataracta — c Marmoracea,
 pee Cataract—c. Morgagniana, gee Cataract—c
 Xigra, Amaurosis—c Punctata, see Cataract—c.
 Stellata, see Cataract.
   CATARACTE, ABATSSEMENT DE LA, see
 Cataract—c. Blanche, see Cataract—e. Branlante,
 see Ci.taract—c. Brune, see Cataract—c. CasSttse,
 see Cataract—c. Deplucement de la,  see Cataract
 --c. Fixe, see"Cataract—c. Grise, see Cataract—
 i. Jamie,  see  Cataract—c.  Laiteuse, see Cataract
 • -c. Noire, Amaurosis, see Cataract — c. PerlSe,
 see Cataract—c. Pierreuse,see Cataract—c.  Verte,
 see Cataract.
   CATARACTE (¥.),  Catarac'ttts, Catarac'td
 vitin'tua.  One affected with cataract. The French
 use this term, both for the eye affected with cata-
 ract and the patient himself.
   CATARIA, see Nepeta—c Vulgaris, Nepeta.
   CATARRH', Catar'rhua, Catar'rhopua, Cutar-
 rheu'ma, Rheuma, Defiux'io,  Cntastag'mtte, Phleg-
 matorrhag"ia,Phlegmatorrhoe'a, from Kara, 'down-
 wards,' and ptta,  ' I flow.'  A discharge of fluid
 from a mucous membrane.  The  ancients  consi-
 dered catarrh as a simple  flux,  and not as an in-
 flammation.   Generally it partakes of this cha-
 racter, however.   Catarrh is,  with  us, usually
• restricted to inflammation of the mucous  mem-
 brane of the air-passages : the  French extend it
 to that of all mucous membranes; (F.) Flux
 ntiiqneux, Fluxion catarrhale.
   Catarrh, in  the English senst, Broncho catar'-
 rlms, Pulmonary  Catarrh,  Lung  fever  (vul-
 garly),  Rheuma Pec'torie, Deatilla'tio Pec'toria,
 t.'ittitr'rhtta  Pec'toris, C. Pulmo'num, C. Pttlmo-
 no'tii, C.  Bronchia'lia, Blennop'tyaia, Tus'sis ca-
 turrha'lia simplex,  Grant'do (of many), Febris
 t'lttarrha'lis,  Blennotho'ra.r, Bronchitis, Catar'-
 rhua d Frlgore, a  Cold, (Prov.)  Cooth, (¥.) Ca-
 tnrrhe pulmonaire,  Fievre Catarrhale, Rhume de
 Poitrine, is a superficial inflammation of the mu-
 cous follicles of ttie trachea and bronchi. It is com-
 monly an affection of but little consequence, but
 apt to relapse and become chronic.   It is charac-
 terized by cough, thirst, lassitude,  fever, watery
 eyes, with increased secretion of mucus from the
 nir-passagcs.  The antiphlogistic regimen and
 time usually remove it.  Sometimes, the inflam-
      12
7             CATARTISMUS
  mation of the bronchial tubes is  so  great as to
  prove fatal.
    Catarrh, Acute, op the Uterus, see Metri-
  tis— c. Chronic, Bronchitis,  (chronic) — c. Dry,
  see Bronchitis — c. Pulmonary, Bronchitis,  Ca-
  tarrh—c. Rose, Fever, hay—c. Suffocating ner-
  vous,  Asthma Thymicum—c. Summer, Fever,
  hay.
    Catarrh', Epidem'ic, Catar'rhua epidem'icua,
  C. d  couta'gio, Rheuma  epidem'icum.   Catarrh
  prevailing owing to some particular .Conatitutio
  aeria,  and affecting a whole country,—Influenza.
    CATARRHACTA, Cataract.
    CATAR'RIIAL,  Catarrha'lia,  Catarrho'icus,
  Catarrhoil icus,  Catarrho'cl icus.   Relating  to
  catarrh,—as Catarrhal Fever.
    CATARRHE AIGUE  DE L'UTERUS, see
  Metritis—c. Buccal, Aphthae — c.  Convulaive,
  Bronchitis—e. Gastrique, Gastritis—c.  Guttural,
  Cynanehe tonsillaris—c. Inteatinal, Diarrhoea —
  c. Laryngien,  Laryngitis — c. Nasal, Coryza —
  c. Oculaire, Ophthalmia—c. de  lOreille,  Otir-
  rhcea—c. Pharyngien, Cynanehe parotidea — c.
  Pituiteux, Bronchorrhoea — c. Pulmonaire,  Ca-
  tarrh—c.  Sec; see Bronchitis—e. Stomacal, Gas-
  trorrhoea — c,  UtSrin,  Leucorrhoea — c.  Ve'sical,
  Cystorrhoea.
    CATARRHEC'TICA, from  Karappnywpi,  'I
  break down.'  Remedies  considered proper for
  evacuating;—as diuretics, cathartics, &c.—Hip-
  pocrates.
    CATARRHEUMA, Catarrh.
    CATARRIIEUX (¥.) Catarrho'eua.  One sub-
  ject to catarrh ; effected with catarrh.
    CATARRHFX IA,  Cniarrhex'ia; same ety-
  mon as Catarrh ctica.  The action of Catarrhec-
  tica.   Also, effusion;  evacuation of the bowels.
    CATARRHEXIS, Catarrhexia, Excrement—c
  Vera, Hiematoehezia.
    CATARRHffiA, Rheumatism.
    CATARRHOET'ICUS, from Karapptu,, 'I flow
  from.'  An epithet for disease produced by  a
  discharge of phlegm;  catarrhal.
    CATAR'RHOPA  PHY'MATA, from  Karappo-
  tros, Karappotrns, 'sloping downwards.' Tubercles
  tending downwards, or with their apices down-
  wards.
    CATARRHOPHE, Absorption.
    CATARRHOPHESIS, Absorption.
    CATARRHO'PIA,  Catar'rhyaie,   from Kara,
  'downwards,'and pott?], 'inclination.'   Vn afflux
  of fluids towards  the  inferior parts, and especi-
  ally towards the viscera of the abdomen.  The
  Greek word avappoi.ia expresses an opposite phe-
  nomenon, or a tendency towards the  uppei parts.
    CATARRHOPUS, Catarrh.
    CATARRHOS'CHESIS,  from  Karappos,  •ca-
  tarrh,' and axtais, 'suppression.'  The  suppres-
  sion of a mucous discharge.
    CATARRHUS, Defluxion, Tussis—c  ^stivus,
  fever,  hay — c. Bellinsulanus,  Cynanehe paroti-
  daea— c. Bronchialis, Catarrh — c. Bronohiorum,
  Bronchitis — c. a Contagio, Influenza--c. Epi-
  demicus, Influenza, Catarrh, epidemic — c. Geni-
  talium, Leucorrhoea—c Gonorrhoea, Gonorrhoea
  — c Intestinalis, Diarrhoea — c. Laryngeus, La-
  ryngo-catarrhus—c. ad Nares,  Coryza—c. Nasa-
  lis, Coryza — c. Pulmonalis, Catarrh — c. Pultno-
  num, Bronchitis, Catarrh—c. Senilis, Bronchitis,
  (chronic)—e. Suffocative Barbadensis, C. trache-
 alis—c. Trachealis, Laryngo-catarrhus — c. Ure-
 thras,  Gonorrhoea  pura—c.  Urethrals, Gonor-
 rhoea—c Vesicae, Cystorrhoea.
    CATARRHYSIS, Catarrhopia, Defluxion.
    CATARTISIS, Catartismus.
    CATARTIS'MUS, Catar'ttsis, from Karapn^tv,
 'to repair, replace.' The coaptation of a luxated
! or fractured bone, or hernia. 
CATASARCA
178
CATOCIlE
  CATASARCA, Anasarca.
  CATASCEUE, Structure.
  CATASCHASMUS, Bloodletting, Scarification.
  CATASTAGMUS, Catarrh, Coryza.
  CATASTALAGMUS, Coryza, Distillation.
  CATASTALTICA, Haematostatica,  Sedatives,
Styptics.                                     |
  CATAS'TASIS,  from xaStcrnpi, 'I establish.',
The  constitution, state, condition,  <tc, of anyj
thing.— Hippocrates.  Also, the  reduction of ai
bone.  See Constitution, nnd Habit of Body.    i
  CATAT'ASIS, from Karareivia, 'I extend.' Ex-]
tension.  The extension and reduction of a frac-
tured limb.—Hippocrates.
  CATATHLIPSIS, Oppression.
  CATAWBA TREE, Catalpa.
  CATAXIS, Fracture.
  CATCH  FLY,  Apocynum  androsaemifolium,
Silene Virginica.
  CATCHING, see Contagious.
  CATCHUP, Ketchup.
  CAT'ECIIU.  The extract  of the wood  of
Aca'cia seu Mimo'sa Cat'echu,  Caat'chu, and of
the leaves of Anu'c^a seu Unca'ria gambir, ori-
ental trees.   The drug is  also called Extrac'tum
Catechu, Terra Japott'ica,  Japan Earth, Cascheu,
Cadtchit, Caahow,  Caitchu, Cttstjoe,  Cacau, Gate,
Kaath,  Cuti, Ctttch, Coira, Succua Jupon'icus,
Gambir, (¥.) Cachou. It is a powerful  astringent, I
and  is used in diarrhoea,  intestinal  hemorrhage,
Ac   Dose, gr. xv to %ss,  in powder.
  Catechu, Square, see Xamlea gambir.
  CATEIAD'ION, from Kara, and tin, 'a blade of
grass.'  A long instrument thrust into the nostrils
to excite hemorrhage in headach.—Aretaeus.
  CATENA  MUSCULUS, Tibialis anticus.
  CATEONESIS, Catantlemn.
  CATGUT, Galega Virginiana.
  CATHvE'RESIS,  KaOaiptois,  'subtraction, di-
minution.'  Extenuation or exhaustion, owing to
forced exercise. — Hippocrates.  The action  of
catheretiv*;.
  CATHiERETICUS, Catheretie.
  CATIIARETICUS, Cathartic.
  CATHAR1SM0S, Depuration.
  CATHAR'MA, Purgament'um.   The  matter
evacuated  by a  purgative,  or by  spontaneous
purging : also, a cathartic.
  CATHAR'MUS.   Same etymon ;  a purgation.
■—Hippocrates.   Also, the cure of a disease  by
magic, Ac.
  CATHAR'SIS, from KaSatpttv, (koO' and atptiv,
'to take away,') 'to purge.'   Pttrga'tio, Apnea-
thar'sis, Copropho'ria,  Coprophore'sia.  A natu-
ral or artificial purgation of any passage;—mouth,
anus, vagina, Ac.
  CATHAR'TIC, Cathar'ticus, Cathare'ticus,
Cathar'ma, Coprocrilicum, Coprago'gum, Lustrn-
men'turn,  Purgana  medicament'um,  Trichilium,
Dejeeto'rium Remed'ium, Eccathar'ticus, Hypacti-
cue, Hypochoret' icus, Alvttm evac'uans, Hy pel'at as,
Lapac'ticus, Apocathar'ticus. Same etymon. (F.)
Cathartique.  A medicine  which,  when taken in-
ternally, increases  the number of alvine evacua-
tions.   Some substances act upon the upper part
of the intestinal canal, ^calomel and colocynth;
ethers, on the lower part,  as aloes;  and some on
the whole extent, as ealine purgatives.  Hence a
choice may be necessary.  Cathartics are divided
into purgatives and laxatives.   The following is !
a list of the chief cathartics:
  Aloe, Cassia Marilandica, Colocynthis,  Elate-
rium, Gambogia,  Hydrargyri  CMoridum mite,
Hydrargyri  Osydura  nigrum,  Hydrarg. cum
Magnesia, Jalapa,  Juglans, Magnesia, Magnesias
Carbonas,  Magnesiae Sulphas,  Manna, Mannita,
Oleum  Euphorbias  Lathyridis,  Oleum  Ricini,
Oleum Tiglii, Podophyllum. Potassae Acetas, Po- |
jmsae Bisulphas, Potassae Snlphas, Potassae Bi- I
I tartras, Potassae Tartras, Rheum, Senmmonium,
! Senna, Sinapis, Soda: et  Potnssuo Tartras, Soda
i Phosphas, Sodae Sulphas, Sodii Chloridum, Sul.
' phur, Verntria,'Aquas Minerales Sulphureie it
 Salinas,  Enemata, Suppositoria.
   CATHARTIN, see Cassia  Senna, and  Con-
 volvulus jalapa.
   CATHARTIQUE, Cathartic.
   CATHARTOCARPUS, Cassia fistula.
   CATHEDRA, Anus.
   CATHEMER1XUS, Quotidian.
   CATHEMERUS,  Quotidian.
   CATHERET'IC,  Catharet'icus,  Ectylot'ien,,
 Sareoph'agus, from KaSatptta, ' to eat,' ' destroy.'
 Substances applied to warts, exuberant granula-
 tions, Ac, to eat them down.  Mild caustics.
   CATH'ETER, from KaSiypt (ko6\ and mpi, 'to
 send,')  'I  explore.'.  JEne'a, Algalie, Algalie,
 Cathete'ris, Demisaor, Immis'sor.  A hollow  tube,
 introduced hy surgeons into the urinary bladder,
 for the purpose of drawing off the urine.  Cathe-
 ters are made of silver or elastic gum. See Bougie,
 The French  generally use the word catheter for
 the solid sound or staff; and  algalie and sonde
 for the hollow instrument.
   Catheter, Nasal.  An instrument, invented
 by  M. Gensoul, of Lyons, for catheterizing the
 ductus ad nasutn.  It is hook-shaped ; the extre-
 mity, bent at a right angle, is about  an inch in
 length,  suited to the distance of the lower orifice
 of the duct from the nostril, and likewise to the
 length and form of the duct, with a slight spiral
 turn.
   CATHETERIS, Catheter.
   CATHETERISIS. Cntheterismus.
   CATHETERIS'MUS, Cathete'risia, Cotheteri-
 aa'tio,  Cath'eterism,  Catheterization,  Immis'tio
  Cathete'ris, same etymon.  The introduction of a
 catheter or  sound  into a natural passage,  aa
 through the  urethra into the bladder or into the
 Eustachian tube,  larynx,  Ac.   Also, probing a
 wound.  Melosis.
   CATHETERIZATION, Catheterismus.
    CATH'ETERIZE.  To  perform  the operation
 of catheterism,—in other words, to  introduce the
 catheter: to probe or sound a cavity.
    CATHID'RYSIS, from  KaSiipvw, 'I place to-
 gether.' Reduction of a parttoits natural situation.
    CATHMIA, Plumbi oxydum semi-vitreum.
    CATHMIR. Calamina.
    CATH'ODIC, Cathod'icus; from kuB', 'down-
  wards,' and bios, 'a way.'  An epithet applied by
  Dr. Marshall Hall to a downward course of nw-   <
  vous action.
    CATH'OLIC HUMOURS,  (F.)  Hwneurs Co-
  tholiques, are the fluids  spread over the whole
  body.
    CATHOLICON, Panacea.
    Cathol'icon  Duplex.  An ancient purging
  electuary,  chiefly  composed of cassia, tamarinds,
  rhubarb, senna, Ac'
    CATIL'LIA.  A weight of nine  ounces.
    CATILLUS, Cup.
    CATINUS FUSORIUS, Crucible.
    CATLING, Knife, double-edged.
    CATNEP, Nepeta Cataria.
    CATO, Karu, 'below,' 'beneath.'  ./bis  word,
  in  the writings of Hippocrates, is  often used fer
  the abdomen, especially  the intestines.  When be
  advises  a  remedy kutui, he means a purgative;
  when avw, 'above or upwards,' an emetic.  Ai a
  prefix,  Cato  means 'beneath,' as in         *   >
    C A T 0 C A TII  A R'T IC, Catocathar'ticu$j0   a
  «rarca, ' downwards,'  and KaSatpto,   ' I purge.'' A
  medicine which  purges downwards.  One that
  produces alvine evacuations.  The antithesis to
  Anacathartic.
    CATOCHA_GALENI, Catalepsy.
    CAT'OCHE, Cat'ocheis, Cat'ochus, from ruiy*) 
CATOCIIUS
179           CAULORRIIAGIA
'I retain,' 'I hold fast.' This word has, by some,
been used  synonymously with  Catalepsy;  by
others, with Coma vigil; by others, with Tetanus.
  CATOCHUS, Catoche,  Ecstasis — c. Cervinus,
Tetanus—c Holotonicus,  Tetanus—c. Infantum,
Induration of the cellular tissue.
  CATOMIS'MOS,  from  Kara,  'beneath,' and
a/iof, 'shoulder;'  Sttbhumera'tio.   A mode with
the ancients of reducing luxation of the humerus
by raising the body by the arm.—Paulus of JEgina.
  CATOPTER, Speculum.
  CATOP'TRIC, Catop'tricus,  (¥.)  Catoptrique,
from Karotrrpis or Karotrrpov, ' a mirror.'  Relating
or appertaining to Catoptrics or the  reflection of
light.
  Catop'tric Examination of the Eye.  When
a lighted candle is held before the eye,  the
pupil of which has  been  dilated by belladonna,
three images  of it are  seen — two erect, and
ono inverted:—the former owing to reflection
from the cornea and anterior surface of the crys-
talline;  the latter owing to reflection from  the
posterior layer of the  crystalline inverted, and
between the other two. This mode of examining
the eye has been proposed as a means of diagno-
sis between cataract and amaurosis. In the latter,
all the images are seen.
   CATOPTROMANCY,  from  (tarotrrpov,  (Kara,
 and otrrouat), 'a mirror,' and pavrtia, 'divination.'
 A kind  of divination by means of a mirror.
   CATOPTRON, Speculum.
   CATORCHI'TES.  A kind  of sour wine, pre-
 pared with the orchis and black grape, or dried
 figs. It was formerly employed as a diuretic  and
 emmenagogue.—Dioscorides.  Called, also, Sycl-
 tes.—Galen.
   CATORETICUS, Purgative.
   CATOTERICUS, Purgative.
   CATO'TICA,  from  Karm, 'beneath.'  Diseases
 infecting internal surfaces.  Pravity of the fluids
 or emunctories, that open on the internal surfaces
 of organ3.  The second order in  the class Eccri-
 tica of  Good.
   CATOX'YS, Peracu'tus, from  Kara, 'an inten-
 sive,' and ofuy, 'acute.' Highly acute; as  Morbus
  Catoxya, M. Peracu'tua, a very acute disease.
  . CATS' EYE.  A name, under which  several
 morbid conditions of the eye would  appear to
 have been confounded—all agreeing, however, in
 presenting an opalescent appearance of the pupil
 or of the bottom of the eye; those parts  reflect-
 ing-the light in various colours, or, at  least, with
 various  degrees  of intensity, according to  the
 direction in which the eye is  turned.  This ap-
 pearance was  compared by Beer to the reflection
 from the tapetum of the eye  of the cat.—Mac-
 kenzie.
   Cat's eve, Amaurotic, see Amaurotic.
   Cat's foot, Antennaria dioica.
   Cat's purr, FrSmisaement'Cataire.
   CATTAGAUMA, Cambogia.
   CATTITEROS, Tin.
   CATULOTICA, Cicatrisantia.
   CATU'RUS SPICIFLO'RUS, (Karra, Catua,
 'a cat,' and  ovpa, 'tail,') Cauda felia, from  the
 shape  of its flowers.   Acal'ypha hia'pida.   An
 East Indian  shrub, Order, Euphorbiaceae; used
 in  its  native country, in  decoction, in diarrhoea
 and dysentery.
   CATU-TRIPALI, Piper longum.
   CAUCALIS CAROTA, Daucus carota—c. Sa-
 nicula,  Sanicula.
   CAUCALOIDES, Patella.
   CAUCASIAN, see Homo.
   CA UCHEMAR,  Incubus.
   CAUCHEVIEILLE, Incubus.
   CAUCHUC, Caoutchouc.
   CAUDA, see Clitorism, Coccyx, Penis.
  Cauda Equi'na.   The spinal marrow,  at its
termination, about the second lumbar vertebra,
gives off a considerable number of nerves, which,
when unravelled, resemble a horse's tail;  hence
the name; (F.) Queue de Cheval, Q. de la Moelle
Epinilre.  See Medulla Spinalis.
  Cauda Felis, Caturus—c.f. Agrestis, Acalypha
betulina.
  Cauda Salax, Penis.
  CAUDAL, Caudate, Cauda'lia, Cauda'ttte; from
canda, 'a tail.'  Relating or appertaining to  a
tail.  Having  a tail  or  tail-like  appendage:—
as 'caudal or caudate cells or corpuscles' — cells
or corpuscles having a tail-like appendage, as in
cancerous growths.
  CAUDATE, Caudal.
  CAUDATIO, Clitorism.
  CAUDATUS, Bicnudatus.
  CAUDEX CEREBRI, Peduncles of the  brain.
  CAUDIEZ,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  Cau-
diez is a small town, nine  leagues from Perpig-
nan, in France, where there  is a thermal spring,
containing a little sulphate of soda and iron.
  CAUDLE, Cowdel, (¥.) Chaudeau, from chvnd,
'warm or hot.' A nourishing gruel given to wo-
men during the childbed state.  The following  is
a form for it:  Into a pint of fine gruel, not thick,
put, whilst it  is boiling hot, the yolk  of an  egg
beaten with sugar, and mixed with a large spoon-
ful of cold  water, a glass of wine, and  nutmeg.
Mix the whole well  together.   Brandy is  some-
times substituted for the wine, and  lemon necl
or  capillaire added.  It  is also sometimes made
of  gruel and beer, with sugar and nutmeg.
   CAUL, from (L.) canla,  'a  fold,' Pilua, Pile'-
olua, Ga'lea, Vitta, (¥.) Coeffe, Ooiffe — (Eire nS
coiffS—'to be  born with a caul.') The English
name for the  omentum.  When a child is born
with  the  membranes over the face, it is said  to
have been 'born with a caul.'   In  the catalogue
of  superstitions,  this  is one  of  the favourable
omens.   The  caul  itself is supposed to  confer
privileges upon the possessor; hence the mem-
branes are dried, and  sometimes  sold for a high
price.   See  Epiploon.
   CAULE'DON,  Cicyc'don, from KavXos, 'a stalk.'
A transverse fracture.
   CAU'LIFLOWER, (G.) Kohl, 'cabbage,' and
flower [?], Brassica Florida.
   Cauliflower  Excrescence, (F.)  Choufieur.
An excrescence, which appears about the  origin
of the mucous membranes, chiefly about the anus
and vulva, and which  resembles, in appearance,
the head of the cauliflower.  It is often syphilitic
in  its character.
   Cauliflower  Excrescence of the Uterus,
 Met robot'rytes.  A  morbid growth from a part,
 or  the  whole, of the circumference  of the  os
uteri; and, at times, from the  surface  of the
cavity of the  uterus.   It is  doubtful whether  its
progress can be arrested except by excision.
   CAULIS, Penis—c. Florida,  Brassica Florida.
   C A U L 0 P H YL'L U M THALICTROI'DES,
 (KavXos, 'a stalk or stem,' and  ijtvXXov, ' a leaf;'  so
called because the leaf-stalks  appear like a con-
tinuation of the  stem.)  Leon'tice thalictroi'des,
Blueberry  Cohosh,  Cohosh,  Cohuah, Blue Cohosh,
 Blueberry, Papoose Root, Squaw Root,  Blue Gin ■
aevg. Yellow Ginseng, a plant of the Family Ber-
berideae ; Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia, which
grows ali over the United States, flowering in May
and June.   The infusion of the root is much used
by the Indians in various  diseases.  To it are
 ascribed emmenagogue and diaphoretic virtues.
   CAULOPLE'GIA, from KavXos, 'the  male or-
 gan,' and trXnyn,  'a wound,' or 'stroke.'  An in-
 jury or paralysis of the male organ.
   CAULORRHAGIA, Stimatosis—c. Ejaculato- 
CAULORRHfEA  BENIGNA      180              CAUSTICITY
ria, Spermato-cystidorrhagia—c. Stillatitia, Ure-
throrrhagia-
  CAUL0RRHC3A BENIGNA, Gonorrhoea
pura.
  CAULUS, Penis.
  CAUMA, Kavpa, ' a burnt part,' from Katta, ' I
burn.'   Great heat of the body or atmosphere.
Synocha,  Empresma.
  Cauma  Bronchitis, Cynanehe  trachealis—o.
Carditis,  Carditis — c Enteritis,  Enteritis —c.
Gastritis, Gastritis—c. Haemorrbagicum, Haemor-
rhagia activa — c. Hepatitis, Hepatitis — c. Oph-
thalmitis, Ophthalmia—c. Peritonitis, Peritonitis
— c Phrenitis, Phrenitis — c. Pleuritis, Pleuritis
—c. Podagricum, Gout—c. Rheumatismus, Rheu-
matism, acute.
  CAUMATO'DES,  Caumate'rua,  from  xavpa,
'fire, heat.'  Burning hot-   Febris caumato'des,
F. cauao'dee.  Inflammatory fever.  Synocha.
  CAUNGA, Areca.
  CAUSA CONJUNCTA, Cause, proximate—c.
Continens, Cause, proximate.
   CAUSAE ABDIT2E, Causes, predisponent or
remote—c. Actuales, Causes, occasional—c. Prae-
incipientes, Causes, procatarctio—c.  Proegume-
nae, Causes, predisponent.
   CAUSE, Cau'aa, Ai'tia, Altion.  An act which
precedes  another, and seems to be a necessary
condition for the concurrence of the latter.   The
causes  of disease  are generally  extremely  ob-
scure ;  although they,  sometimes, are evident
enough.  The prediaponent and occaaional causes
are the  only two on which any  stress  can be
laid;  but as  authors have divided them  differ-
ently, a short explanation is necessary.
   Cause, Ac'cessory,  (F.)  Cauee Acceaaoire.
One which has only a secondary influence in the
production of disease.
   Causes, Accident'al,  Common Causes,  (F.)
 Causes Accidentelles, are those which act  only
in  certain given conditions; and  which do not'
always produce the same  disease.  Cold,  e. g.,
 may be the accidental cause of pneumonia, rheu-
 matism, Ac.
   CAUSES CACHEES, C. occult—c. Common,
 C. accidental—c. Exciting,  C. Occasional—c. Es-
 sential, C. Specific—c. DSterminantes, C. Specific
 —c. EloignSes,  C. Predisponent.
   Causes, External, (F.) Causes externes, are
 such as act externally to the individual; as air,
 eold, Ac.
   CAUSES FORMELLES (¥.),  are  such  as
 determine the  form or kind  of  disease.   They
 differ  from  the  Causes matSrielles,  which  are
 common  to a set of diseases; as, to the neuroses,
 phlegmasia;, Ac.        •
   Causes, Hidden, C Occult—c.  Immediate, C
 essential.
   Causes, Intern'al, (F.) Causes Internes, are
 those which  arise within the body; as mental
 emotions, Ac.
    Causes, Mechan'icai,, (F.) Causes micaniques,
 are those which act mechanically,  as  pressure
 upon the windpipe in inducing suffocation.
   Causes, Negative, (F.) Causes nSgatives, com-
 prise  all  those  things,  the privation  of  which
 may derange the functions;—as abstinence too
 long continued.  They are opposed  to positive
 causes, which, of themselves, directly induce dis-
 ease ;—as the use of indigestible food, spirituous
 drinks, Ac.
    Causes, Oiscure, C. Occult.
    Causes, Occa'sional, Exciting Causes, Causa
 actua'les, (¥.)  Causes  occasionelles, are  those
 which  immediately produce disease.  The occa-
 sional  causes have been divided into the cogniz-
 able and non-cognizable.—C J. B. Williams.
                   I. Cognizable Agente,

            1. Mechanical.
            2. Chemical.
            3. Ingesta.
            4. Bodily exertion.
            5. Mental emotion.
            6. Excessive evacuation.
            7. Suppressed or defective evacua-
                  tion.
            8. Defective cleanliness, ventilation,
                  and draining.
            9. Temperature and changes.

                II. Non-Cognizable Agents.

            1. Endemic.  "J
            2. Epidemic.   > Poisons.
            3. Infectious. J

  Causes, Occult', Hidden causes, Obecurecnutei,
(¥.) Causes occultes ou cachSes ou obscures.  Any
causes with which we are unacquainted;  also,
certain  inappreciable  characters  of  the atmo-
sphere, which  give rise to epidemics.
  Causes,  Phys'ical, (F.) Causes Physiques,-—
those which act by virtue  of their physical pro-
perties ; as form, hardness, Ac.  All vulnerating
bodies belong  to this class.
  Causes,  Phtsiolog"ical,  (F.) Cauaea Physio.
logiquea, those which  act only on living matter;
—narcotics, for example.
  Causes,  Predispo'nent, C. prediapo'aing, Be-   1
mote causes, Causa proegu'mena, Causa ab'dita,   |
Causa  remo'ta;   (¥.)  Cauaea predispimnnlet,
Cauaea SloignSes,—those  which render the  body
liable to disease.  They may  be general, affecting
a number of people, or particular, affecting only
one person.
  Causes, Prin'cipal,  (F.) Causes principalei,
—those which exert  the chief  influence on the
production of  disease, as distinguished from the
accessory causes.
  Causes,  Procatarc'tic, Causa procatarc'tictt,
Causa praincipien'tes, from irpoKarapxTiKos, 'the
origin or beginning of a thing,'  (wpo, 'before,'and
Karapxoy, ' I begin.') These words have been used
with  different significations.   Some  have em-
ployed them synonymously with predisponent or
remote causes; others with occasional or exciting
causes.
  CAUSE PROCHAINE, C proximate.
  Cause, Prox'imate, Causa prox'ima seu con'-
tinens seu conjunc'ta. (¥.) Cause continente ou pro-  g
chaine, may be the disease itself.  Superabundant*
of blood, e. g., is the proximate cause of plethora.
  Causes, Remote, C predisponent.
  Causes,  Specif'ic, Eaaen'tial  or Imme'diaU
causes, Ac, (F.) Causes spScifiquee, C. essentielkl,
C. dSterminantes;—those which produce a deter-
minate disease.
  CAUSIS, Burn,  Ebullition, Fermentation, In-
cendium, Ustion.
  CAUSOMA, Inflammation.
  CAUS'TIC, Caus'ticus,  Cauteret'ieus, Diatref-
icus, Ero'dens, Adu'rens, Urens, Pyrolicus, from
Kaaa, 'I burn,' Kavaos,  'heat.'  (F.)  CatHtif*.
Bodies  which have the property of causticity;
and which, consequently, burn  or  disorganize
animal substances.  The word  is  also used sub-
stantively.  The most active  are called Eschant'-
ics.   Caustics  are also termed ' corrosives.'
  Caustic Bearer, Porte-pierre—c. Paste, Can-
quoin's, Pasta Zinci chloridi.
  CAUSTICA ADUSTIO, Cauterization.
  CAUSTICITY, Cauetic"itas. from Kavanm,
'that which burns,' (xam,' I  burn.')  The imprw-
sion which caustic bodies  make on the organ of
taste; or,  more commonly,  the property  which
distinguishes  those bodies.
Exciting
 Causes
   of
Disease. 
CAUST100PHORUM         18
  CAUSTICOPHORUM. Porte-pierre.          j
  CAUS'TICUM  JSTHIOP'ICCM, Unguen'tum
Melan'icttm caua'ticum.  A sort of paste, made by
rubbing powdered aoffron with concentrated aul-
phuric acid, recommended by Velpeau as a caus-
tic in cases of gangrenous and carcinomatous ul-
cers.  The acid is the  caustic: the saffron, the
constituent merely.
  Causticum Alkalinum, Potassa fusa—c. Ame-
ricanutn, Vcratrnin sabadilla — c. Antimoniale,
Antimonium muriatum.
  Causticum Commu'ne, Potcn'tial Cautery,  Com-
mon Caustic, Caute'riitm  potentia'le, Lapis  sep'-
tieua,  Caus'ticum  commu'ne  militia.   This  con-
sists of quicklime and black aoap,  of  each equal
parts.
  Causticum Commune, Potassa fusa — c. Com-
mune acerrimum, Potassa fusa—c. Commune for-
tius, Potassa cum calce—c. Lunare, Argenti nitras
— C. Potentiale, Potassa  fusa — c  Salinum, Po-
tassa fusa—c. Viennense fusum Filhos, see Pow-
der, Vienna.
  CAUSTIQUE, Caustic—c. Filhos, see Powder,
Vienna—c. de  Vieime, Powder, Vienna.
  CAUSUS, from  Kaioi, 'I burn,' Kavaos, 'heat'
A highly ardent fever;  Deu'rens.   Pinel regards
it as a complication  of bilious and  inflammatory
fever; Broussais, as an  intense gastritis, accom-
panied with bilious symptoms.  See Synocha.
  Causus, Endemial,  of  the West Indies,
Fever, Yellow — c.  Tropicus endemicus, Fever,
Yellow.
  CAUTEJR, Cauterium.
   CAUTERE, Cauterium, Fonticulus —c. InhS-
rent, Inherent  cautery.
  CAUTERETICUS, Caustic.
  CAUTERETS,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF.
Cauterets is a bourg seven leagues  from Barlges
(Hautes-PyrSnSes,) France.   The waters are hy-
drosulphurous  and thermal—temperature 123° F.
They are used  in the same cases as the Bareges
water.
  CAUTERIASMUS, Cauterization.
  CAUTE'RIUM, C. actua'le, Canter, Cau'tery,
Initsto'rium, Rupto'ri^m, Ignis  actua'lia,  from
(tatu, 'I burn,'  Kavrnp, 'a burner.'   (F.) Cautlre,
Feu actuel.  A substance, used for 'firing,' burn-
ing or disorganizing the parts to which it is ap-
plied.  Cauteries  were  divided by  the ancients
into actual and potential.  The word is now re-
stricted to the  red-hot iron ; or to positive burn-
ing.  It was, formerly, much used for preventing
hemorrhage from divided arteries;  and also with
the same views as a blister.   The term Poten'tial
Cautery, Caute'rium potentia'le, Ignis potentia'lis,
(F.) Feu potentiel, was generally applied to  the
causticum commune, but it is  now used synony-
mously with  caustic in  general.   Cautlre  also
means an issue.
  Cauterium Actuale, Cauterium.
  CAUTERIZA'TION, Oauterisa'tio, Cauteriaa'-
mua, Exua'tio, Inna'tio, Cans'tica Adus'tio. Firing.
The effect of a cautery or caustic  The French,
amongst whom cauterization is much used, dis-
tinguished five kinds : 1. CautSriaation InhSrcnte,
which  consists in applying  the actual cautery
freely, and with a certain degree of force, so as
to disorganize deeply.  2.  CautSriaation trane-
currente, which consists in  passing the edge of
the  Cautlre cnltellaire, or the point of the Cautlre
conique lightly, so as not to  disorganize deeply.
3. Cautirisntioti par pointca, which consists in
applying on the  skin,  here and  there, the hot
point of the conical cautery, with sufficient force
to cauterize the whole thickness of  the  skin.  4.
CautSriaation lente, alow  cauterization, by means
of the moxa.   5.  Cauterisation  objective, which II
1              CAVERNOUS
consists in holding the cautery at some distance
from the part to be acted upon by it.
  Cau'terize;  Cauatico adurere ;  (¥.)  Catt-
tSriaer.   To apply a cautery or caustic.  To burn
with a cautery  or caustic.
  CAUTERY,  Cauterium—c Galvanic, see Moxa
—c. Potential,  Causticum commune, Cauterium.
  CAVA, Vulva.
  Cava Vena, Vena  hepatltea.  The hollow or
deep-seated  vein.  (F.) Veine cave.   A name
given to the two great veins of the body, which
meet at the right auricle of the heart.   The vena
cava  ettpe'rior,  thorac"ica seu  deecen'dens,  is
formed by the union of the subclavians ; and re-
ceives successively, before its termination at the
upper part of the right auricle, the inferior thy-
roid, right internal mammary,  superior diaphrag-
matic, azygos, Ac.  The vena  cava infe'rior, ab-
domina'lis seu  ascen'dens,  arises  from the union
of the two primary iliacs,  opposite the fourth or
fifth lumbar vertebra, receives the middle sacral,
lumbar, right spermatic, hepatic, and inferior dia-
phragmatics, and opens at the posterior and in-
ferior part of the right auricle.
  CAVATIO, Cavity.
  CAVEA, Cavity—c Narium, Nares.
  CAVER'NA, Antrum.  'A cavern.'  This term
has been used for the female organs of generation.
See Cavity, and Vulva.
  Caverna Narium,  Nares.
  CaveunjE  Dentium, Alveoli  dentium — e.
Frontis,  Frontal  Sinuses.
  CA VERNEUX, Cavernous.
  CAVERNOUS,  Caverno'sus, (¥.)  Caverneux.
Filled with small cavities or caverns, — as  a
sponge.
  Cavernous Bodies,* Cor'pora Cavemos'a of the
penis, Cor'pora nervo'aa seu  Ner'veo-apongio'ea
Penia, (¥.) Corpa Caverneux.   The corpus caver-
nosum is a kind of cylindrical sac, composed of
cells; separated,  through its whole extent, by a
vertical,  incomplete septum, Septum pectinifor'-
me,  Trabec'ula  cor'porum cavernoao'rum,  and
forming  nearly  two-thirds of the  penis.   The
corpua cavernosum, on each side,  arises from the
ascending  portion of the ischium, and terminates
obtusely behind the glans. The arteries of the
corpora cavernosa come from  the internal pudic.
See  Helicine Arteries.  Nerves are found on the
surface of  the outer membrane, but they do not
appear to penetrate the substance, and the smooth
muscular fibre  has been traced into  the  fibrous
parietes of the  cells, as in  the case of all erectile
tissues.
  J. Miiller's researches have led  him to infer,
that both in man and the horse, the nerves of the
corpora cavernosa are made up of branches pro-
ceeding  from the or^inic  as well as  the  animal
system, whilst the nerves  of  animal life alone
provide the nerves  of sensation of the penis.
  Cavernous  Bodies,  Corpora Cavernoaa of the
Clit'oris, are two hollow crura, forming the  clit-
oris.
  Cavernous Body of the Vagi'na, Corpua Ca-
verno'aum  Vagina, Plexua retiform'ia, is  a  sub
stance composed  of blood-vessels and cells, siini
lar to those of the penis  and clitoris, which cover*
the outer extremity of the  vagina, on each  side.
It serves to contract the entrance to the vagina
during coition.
  Cavernous Ganglion, see Carotid or Carotic
Nerve.
  Cavernous  Respira'tion.   When  a  cavity •
exists in the lungs, and one or more ramifications
of the bronchia  terminate in it, a loud tubal noise
is emitted,  provided the cavity be not filled  with
fluid, which is  called  cavernous respiration.  In
this condition, the cough is cavernous  likewise,
(F.) Toux Caverneuae.   When the capacity of the 
CAVERNULOUS RHONCIIUS    182              CELANDINE
pavern is very great, the sound of the respiration
is like that produced by blowing into a decanter,
with the mouth at a little distance from the neck.
This kind of cavernous respiration has been called
amphoric, from amphora, 'a flask ;'  (F.) Respi-
ration  ampkorique, Souffle amphorique, S. mStal-
liqtte.
  The Veiled Puff, (¥.) Souffle voile, is  a modi-
fication of the  cavernous respiration, in which,
according to Lae'nnec,  " a sort of movable veil
interposed between the excavation and the ear"
seems  to  be  agitated  to and fro.   It is a sign
which is not attended to.
  Cavernous Rho.vchus, see Cavernous Respi-
ration, and Gurgling.
  Cavernous Sinus, Sinus Caverno'sus seu  poly-
nior'phua  seu sphenoido'lia, Receptac'ulum  aella
equina lat'eribna appoa'itum, (¥.)  Sinua caver-
neux.  The  Cav'ernoua  Slnuaea are venous cavi-
ties of the dura mater, filled with a multitude of
reddish,  soft filaments, intersecting  each other;
and,  as  it  were,  reticulated.  They commence
behind the  inner part of the sphenoid fissure,
pass backwards on the  sides of the fossa  pitui-
taria,  and terminate by opening  into a cavity,
common  to  the  superior  and inferior petrosal
sinuses.  They receive  some meningeal veins, the
ophthalmic veins, Ac.   The anterior extremity
of  each   cavernous  sinus  has been  named  the
ophthalmic sinus.
   Cavernous  Texture or Tissue,  Tela caver-
nosa, (¥.)  Tiesu  caverneux.  The spongy sub-
stance which forms the greater part of the  penis
and clitoris.   It seems to consist of a very com-
plicated lace-work of  arteries and  veins;  and,
probably, of nervous filaments, with  small fibrous
plates, which form by their decussation numerous
 cells  communicating  with  each   other.   This
 spongy texture produces erection, by dilating and
 swelling  on  the influx of blood;  and probably,
 also, by virtue of some property inherent in it.
   Cavernous Whisper.  A blowing sound, heard
 over cavities  when words are  whispered. — A.
 Flint.
   CAVERNULOUS RH0NCHU3, see Gurgling.
    CAVIALE,  Caviare.
    CAVIARE', Caviar, Caviale, Kaviac,  A culi-
 nary preparation, much used by certain people,
 and made, on the shores of the Black and Caspian
 Seas, from the roe  of the sturgeon, mixed with
 salt and  other condiments.
    CAVIC'ULA, Cavilla, from cants, 'hollow.'
 The ankle or space between the malleoli.  Some
 have given this name to the os cuneiforme.  See

    CAVICULiE  PEDIS NODUS, Tarsus.
    CAVILtA, Astragalus, (iivicuia.
    CAVITAS ANTRQSA AURIS, Tympanum—
 c. Buccinata, Cochlea—c. Cochleata, Cochlea—c.
 Digitata ventriculi lateralis, Cornu posterius ven-
 triculi lateralis.
    Cvv'itas Ei.lip'tica, Ampulla, Sinua ampul-
 la'cms.  A dilatation at one end of the semicir-
 cular canals of the ear.
    Cavitas  Humeri Glenoides, see Glenoid — c.
 Narium, Nares—c. Oculi, Orbit—c. Oris,  Mouth
 —c. Pulpae, see Tooth.
    CAVITATES  CEREBRI, Ventricles  of the
 brain—c. Durae  matris. Sinuses of the dura mater
 —c. Innominata?, Auricles of tbe heart—c. Inter-
  scapulares.  see Interscapularis.
 •   CA VIT£, Cavity—c. Dentaire, Dental cavity—
  c. dea Epiploona, see Peritonaeum—c. du Tympan,
  Tympanum.  «
    CAVITY,  Cav'itaa, Cavum, Cos'lotea,  Coelon,
  Ca'veu,  Cnver'na,  Cava'tio, (¥.)  CavitS.  The
  hollow of anything,  as of  the cranium,  mouth,
  nasal fossae, Ac.
  CAvrrii'.s, Splanchnic, (F.)  CavitSs  splanch-
niquea,  are  those which contain  the  viscera,
They are three in number :—the cranium, chest,
and abdomen.  The cavities of bones, connected
with joints  or otherwise,  are  described  under
their particular denominations.
  CAVUM, Cavity—c Abdominis, see Abdomen.
  Cavum Cra'nii, Venter Supre'mua.  The cavity
formed by the proper  bones of the cranium.
  Cavum  Dentis, see Tooth — c. Mediastini, see
Mediastinum—c.  Narium. Nasal fossae, Nares—c.
Oris, Mouth—c Pericardii,  see Pericardium—c.
Thoracis, see Thorax—c. Tympani, Tympanum.
  CAYAN, Phaseolus Creticus.
  CAZABI, Jatropha. manihot.
  CEANOTHOS, Cirsium afvense.
  CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS, Celastrua-«.
Trinervis, Celastrus.
  CEAR, Heart.
  CEASMA, Fissure.
  CEBI GALLI'NiE.  The liver of the fowl,
bruised.—Castelli.
  CEBIP'ARA.   A large  Brazilian tree, whose
bitter and astringent bark ia used in making anti-
rheumatic  baths  and  fomentations.
   CEBOCEPHALE, Ceboceph'alus, from /ci/jSot,
 'an ape,' and KttpaXn,  'a head.'   A genus of mon-
 sters, in which the nose does not project, and the
 interocular region is  narrow and plane, so as to
 give the physiognomy a striking resemblance to
 that of the American ape.—I.  G. St. Hilaire.
   CECES, see Quercus alba.
   CECITE, Caecitas.
   CECITY,  Caecitas.
   CEDAR,  RED,   Juniperus Virginiana- i.
 White, Cupressus thyoides.
   CEDEIA, Embalming.
   CEDMA,  Aneurism, Varix.
   CED'MATA, Ktiuara.  Rheumatic pains of the
 joints, especially of the hips, groin, or  genital
 organs.  A form of gout or rheumatism.
   CEDRAT, Citrus  medica.
   CEDRELA FEBRIFUGA, Swietenia febri-
 fuga.
   CEDRELE'UM, from Ktipos, 'the cedar,'and
 tXatov, 'oil.'   The oil of cedar.—Pliny.
   CE'DRIA,  Ce'drium,  Ce'drimtm,  Cedri lac'-
 ryma,  Alkitran.  The oil or  resin which flows
 from the cedar of Lebanon.  It was  supposed to
 possess great  virtues. — Hippocrate3, Foe'sius,
 Scribonius  Largus,  Dioscorides.  It  has been
 supposed  to be the  same as the pyroligneouj
 acid.   See Pinus Svlvestris.
    CE'DRIXUM VIX CJM,  Cedar Wine.  A wine
 prepared hy steeping half a pound  of  bruised
 cedar  berries  in six French pints of sweet wine.
 It is diuretic and subastringent.
    CEDRI'TES, from Ktipos, 'the cedar.'  A wine
 prepared from the resin of cedar and sweet wine.
 It was formerly employed as a vermifuge, Ac.
    CEDRIUM, Cedria.
    CEDROMELA, see Citrus mediea,
    CEDRON, see Simaba cedron.
    CEDRONELLA,  Melissa —c. Triphylla, Dra-
 cocephalum canariense.
    CEDROS, Juniperus lycia.
    CEDROSTIS, Bryonia alba.
    CEDRUS BACCIFERA, Juniperus sabina-
 o. Mahogani, Swietenia mahogani.
    CEINTURE, Cingulum,  Herpes  zoster — <"•
 Blanche de  la  chvro'ide,  Ciliary ligament — «■
 Dartreuse,  Herpes  zoster —c. de Hildane, Cin-
 gulum Hildani —c. de  Saint-Jean,  Artemisfo
 vulgaris — c.  de  Vif  Argent,  Cingulum ffier-
 curiale.
    CELANDINE, Impatiens—c.  Common, Obeli-
 donium majus—c. Lesser, Ranunculus ficarifr-c.
  Poppy, Stylophoruru diphylluin. 
CELASTRUS              183              CELOLOGIA
  CELAS'TRUS, Celas'tus, Ctutio'thus America'-
tiuH seu triner'vis, New Jersey Tea, Red Root, (¥.)
ThS de Jersey.  Used  by the American Indians,
in the same  manner as  lobelia, for the cure of
svphilis.  It is slightly bitter and somewhat as-
tringent.   A strong infusion of the  dried  leaves
and seeds has been recommended in aphthae, and
us a gargle in scarlatina.
  Cklastrus Scandens, Climbing Stafftree.  A
climbing  American shrub, the bark of which is
said to possess emetic, diaphoretic, and narcotic
properties.
   GELATION,  (¥.)  Concealment,  from  celare,
'to conceal.'  A  word used by French medico-
legal writers for cases where there has been con-
cealment of  pregnancy or delivery.
   CELE, K>iXn, 'a tumour, protrusion, or rupture;'
a very common  suffix, as in hydrocele, bubono-
cele, Ac.   See Hernia.
   CEL'ERY, (F.) CSleri.  The English name for
a variety of Apium graveolens.
   Celery, Wild, Bubon galbanum.
   CELETA, see  Hernial.
   CELIA, Cerevisia.
   CELIAQUE, Cceliac.
   CELINE, Melissa.
   CELIS, KnXt%, 'a spot, a stain.'   A macula, or
spot on the skin.
   CELL, Cella.   A small cavity.  The same sig-
nification  as  cellule.  Also, a vesicle  composed
of  a membranous  cell-wall,  with, usually, liquid
contents.  The whole organized body may be re-
garded as a congeries of cells having  different
endowments, each set being concerned  in  special
acts,  connected with  absorption, nutrition, and
secretion, wherever an action of selection  or ela-
boration has to be effected.  These colls are gene-
rally  termed primary, elementary, or primordial.
When they give rise  to other cells, they  are, at
times, termed parent or mother cells ;  the  result-
ing cells being termed daughter cells.
   Cell, Apoplectic, see Apoplectic cell—c. Bone,
Lacuna of bone — c. Bronchie, Cellule,  bronchic
— c. Calcigerous, see Tooth — c.  Daughter, see
Cell—c. Elementary, see Cell.
   Cell, Epider'mic or  Epithe'lial.  The.cells
or corpuscles that cover the free membranous sur-
faces of the body, and which form the  epidermis
and epithelium, are termed 'epidermic  or  epithe-
lial cells.'  They  are developed from germs fur-
nished by the subjacent membrane.
   Cell, Epithelial, Cell, epidermic—c. Fat, see
Fatty vesicles.
   Cell Force.   The plastic or formative force
seated in a cell, by the  agency of which tho dif-
ferent tissues are developed.   See Cell Life.
   Cell Formation, Cytogeny — c. Genesis, Cy-
togeny — c.  Germ, Cytoblast, see Molecule — c.
'(i'irininol, see Cytoblast—c. Nucleated, see Cyto-
blast.
   Cell Life.   The life which is possessed by
the separate  cells that  form the tissues, and by
which the nutrition of the tissues is presumed to
be effected-
   Cell, Mother, see Cell — c. Osseous, Lacuna
of bone—c. Parent, see  Cell.
   Cell,  Pigment.   Pigment cells  are mingled
with the  epidermic cells, and  are most manifest
in  the coloured races.  They are best seen on the
inner surface of  the choroid of the eye,  where
they form the pigmentunt nigrum.
   Cell, Primary, see  Cell —c. Primordial, see
Cell—c. Sperm, see Sperm—c Wall, see Cell.
   CELLA, Cell—c. Media, see Ventricles  of the
Brain—c. Turcica, Sella Turcica.
   CEL'LOID, Celloldes, badly compounded from
|[ cella, and tiios,  ' resemblance.'   Resembling a
 j cell or cellule.
    CELLULA,  Cellule.
    CELLULiE  COLI,  see  Colon—c Aerese, Cel-
 lules, bronchic — c. Bronchica?,  see Cellule — c.
 Mastoideae, Mastoid cells — c  Medullares, see
 Medullary membrano — c.  Pulmonales, Cellules
 bronchic, see Pulmo—c Sanguinis, Globules of
 the blood.
    CEL'LULAR, Cellula'ris, Cellulo'sus, (¥.) Cel
 i lulaire.  Composed of cells  or cellules, from cella
 | or cellula, ' a cell.'
    Cel'lular Membrane, Membra'na  cellnlo'sa
 seu  Cellula'ria,—M. adipo'sa seu pinguedino'sa,
 of some,  Pannic'ulus  adipo'sua, — Membrane
 formed of cellular tissue, (F.) Membrane cellu-
 laire.   Generally used for the tissue itself.
    Cellular System.   The whole of the cellular
 tissue of  the human body.
    Cellular Tissue, Tela cellula'ris seu cellulo'-
 ' sa seu Hippoc'ratis cribro'sa, Eth'ntyphe, Contex'-
 tits cellulo'sus, Reticula'ted,filamentous, laminated,
 crib'riform,  porous,  are'olar,   connee'tire,  and
 mucous Tissue, Retic'ttlar  or  cellular  substance,
  (¥,) Tissti cellulaira, rSticule, lamtneux, cribleux,
 porettx, areulaire, muqueiix, cottjonctif, Ethmose of
  Piorry, Ac, is the most common of all the ojganic
  tissues.   It contains  irregular  areola between
  the fibres, as well as serum, fat, and the adipous
  tissue.   Of the fibres,  some are of the yellow elas-
 tic kind ; but the greater part are of the white
 fibrous tissue, and  they frequently  present the
 form of  broad flat bands, in which no distinct
 fibrous arrangement is perceptible.  See Fibrous.
    The cellular tissue or texture unites every part
 of the body,  determines  its shape, and  by its
  elasticity  and  contractility,  and by  the  fluid
 which it contains  in its cells, facilitates the mo-
 tion of parts on  each other.
    Cellular tissue has been divided by anatomists
 into the  external, general  or  common cellular
  tissue—textus  cellula'ris interme'diua  seu  laxtts,
 which does not penetrate the organs,—the cellu-
 lar texture which forms the envelopes  of organs
 —textua cellula'ris stricttts, and that which  pene-
 trates into the organs, accompanying and enve-
 loping all their parts, — the textus cellula'ris sti-
  pa'tus, constituting the basis of all  the organs.
 It has  likewise  been  termed  Textus organ'icus
 seu parenchyma'lis.
    Cellular Tissue of Bones, see Cancelli.
    CEL'LULE, Cellula, diminutive of cella, 'a
  cavity.'   A small cavity.  (F.) Cellule.  Ccllulca
 are the small cavities between the lamina)  of the
 cellular tissue, corpora cavernosa, &c.
    Cellules or Cells, Bronchic, Cellula Bron'-
  chictB seu Pulmona'les seu Ae'rea, Pori pulmo'-
  num, Vesic'ula puisnottales.  The air-cells of the
 lungs.  See Pnlmo.
    CELLULES   BRONCHIQUES,  Bronchial
  cells—c. des Os, Lacunas of Bone — c. Osseuses,
  Lacunae of Bone.
    CELLULITIS VENENATA, see Wound.
    CELLULO-FIBROUS  TUMOUR,  Tumour,
 i fibro-cellular.
    CEL'LULOSE, same etymon as Cellule.   The
 substance which is left after the action  upon any
  kind of vegetable tissue of such solvents as are
 fitted to dissolve out the matter deposited in its
 cavities  and interstices.  The tunicated or asci-
 djan mollusca have, in their integuments, a con-
 siderable quantity of it, and it exists in the Cor-
 pora amylacea of the brain and other parts.  It
 is identical with starch, in the proportion of its
 constituents, and forms the principal part  of tho
 thickness of the walls of the celfe, vessels, Ac, of
 which the vegetable organism is composed.
    CELLULOSUS. Cellular.
    CELOLOG"IA, from KnXn, 'rupture,' and Xoyos, 
CELOSOMUS              184               CENTRAL
 a discourse.'  The doctrine of hernia.   A trea-
tise on hernia.
  CELOSO'MUS,  from  kijAij, 'a  rupture,'  and
o-io/ia, 'body.'  A monster in which the trunk is
malformed, and  eventration or displacement of
the viscera exists.
  CELOTES.  see Hernial.
  CELOTOM'IA,  Kelotom'ia,  Celot'omy, from
Kr,\n, ' a rupture,'' and rtpvtiv, ' to cut.'  An  ope-
ration, formerly employed for the radical cure of
inguinal hernia: which  consisted,  principally, in
passing a ligature round the hernial sac and sper-
matic vessels.  It necessarily occasioned atrophy
and loss  of the testicle; and did  not secure the
patient against the return of the  disease.  The
inte>tines were,  of course, not  included in the
ligature.  Also, the operation for hernia in gene-
ral,— Hernial amy.
  CELOT'OMUS, same etymon.   Herniot'omus.
A knife used in the operation for hernia.  Adjec-
tively, it means relating to celotomy, like  Cclo-
tom'iena.
   CELSA.   A  term, used  by Paracelsus for a
cutaneous  disease, dependent, according  to him,
on  a false or heterogeneous spirit  or vapour, con-
cealed under the integuments, and endeavouring
to esaape.   Perhaps the disease was Urticaria.
  CELSUS, METHOD OF, see Lithotomy.
  CELTIS OCClI)EliTA'LIS,Siiga.rberry, Hack-
berry, Nettletree, Beaverwood.  Order, Ulmaceae :
indigenous, flowering in May.  The bark is said
to be anodyne and cooling; the berries are sweet
and astringent   It has been used in dysentery.
   CEMBRO NUTS, see Pinus cembra.
   CEMEXT.   A glutinous  substance introduced
into a. carious tooth to prevent the access of air
or  other extraneous matters.  The following is
an  example:  R. Sandarac.  gij  ; Mastich. Q;
 Siif'-in. gr. x. uEther. £j ; Dissolve with  the aid
of  heat.    Ostermaier's Cement for  the teeth is
prepared of finely powdered caustic lime, thirteen
parts; anhydrous phosphoric acid, twelve parts.
When introduced into a carious tooth, it becomes
Bolid in about two minutes.
   CEMENTERIUM, Crucible.
   CEMENTUM, see Tooth.
   CENANGIA,  Ceneangia.
   CENCHROX, Panicum miliaeeum.
   CENDRE^ DU LEVANT, Soda.
    VEND RE, Cineritious.
   CENDRES  GRAVELfiES,  see  Potash —c.
 de Sarment, see Potash.
   CENEAXGI'A, Cenangi'a, from kcvos,' empty,'
 and qyyttov, 'a vessel.'   Inanition.  Empty state
 of vessels.—Galen.
   CEXEMBATE'SIS, from Ktvos, 'empty,' and
 tpiiaivia,  ' I enter.'  Paracentesis.  Also, the act
 of probing a  wound or cavity; Melo'sis.
    CEXEOXES. Flanks.
    CENESTHESIE, Ccenaesthesis.
    CENIGDAM, Ceniplam.
    CENIGOTAM,  Ceniplam.
    CENIPLAM, Cenigdam,  Cenigotam,  Cenipo-
 hi>n.  The name of an  instrument anciently used
 for opening the head in epilepsy.—Paracelsus.
    CENIPOLAM, Ceniplam.
    CENO'SIS, from Ktvos, 'empty.' Ine'aie,  Ineth-
 moa.   Evacuation.  It is sometimes employed
♦ synonymously with inanition, and opposed to re-
 pletion,— Exinanil't'o.
    CEXOSPUDIA, Aphelxia otiosa,
    CEXOTIC, Drastic.
    CENOT'ICA, from kcvoio-is, 'evacuation.'  Dis-
  eases affecting  ttje fluids.  Morbid discharges or
  excess, deficiency or  irregularity of such as are
  natural.  The first order, class Genetica, of Good.
  Also,Drastics.
    CENTAUREA BEHEN, Serrat'ula behen, Be-
hen  abiad,  Behen album, Been,  White  Behen,
Ord. Gentianeoe.  Astringent.
   Centaurea Benedic'ta, Car'duua benrdic'tua,
Cnicua aylvea'tria seu benedic'tua, Cardi'obot'anion,
Bleaaed  or  Holy  Thistle, Virgin-Mary  Thistle,
(F.) Chardon bSnit. Fam. Cynarocephalea'.  ^Vj,
Syat. Syngenesia Polygamia frustranea. A strong
decoction of the herb is  emetic :—a strong infu-
sion, diaphoretic [? ] ; a light infusion, tonic and
stomachic.  Dose, gr.  xv to SJj of the powder.
   Centaurea  Calcitra'pa,  Calcitnlpa, Calcix-
trep'pola,  Car'duua  solatitia'lia  seu  atellit'tus,
Ja'cea  ramoaia'sima,  Cacotrib'uhia,  Calcitrnp'pn
stella'ta seu hippophas'tttm, Stella'ta  rnpi'ua,
 Centaure'a stella'ta, Common  Star-Thi,-t>'<;,  Star-
Knapweed, (¥.) CentaurSe StoilSe, Chardon StoiU,
 Chaussetrappe,  Pignerole.   It is possessed  of
tonic properties, and has been given  in intermit-
tents, dyspepsia, Ac.  It is not much  used.
   Centaurea  Centauri'um, Rhapon'ticum tul-
ga're,  Centauri'um magnum seu  majus seu offici-
na'le, Greater  Cen'taury, (F.)  CentaurSe  grande.
 It is a bitter; and was formerly used as a tonic,
 especially the root.
   Centaurea  Cy'anus,  Cy'anns,  Bine  bottle,
 Corn-flower, Blue bonnets,  (Sc.)  Blawori, (F.)
 Blavelle, BlavSole, BlavSrolle,  Bluet, Barbeuu,
 Aubifoin, Casse-lnnette.  The  flowers were once
 much used as a cordial, tonic, Ac.  They are now
 forgotten.
   Centaurea Ptellata, Centaurea  calcitrapa.
   CENTAUREE ETOILEE, Centaurea  calci-
 trapa—c. Grande, Centaurea centaurium—c. Pe-
 tite, Chironia centaurium.
   CEXTAUREUM, Chironia centaurium.
   CEXTAURIS, Chironia centaurium.
   CENTAURIUM MAGNUM,  Centaurea cen-
 taurium—c. Minus vulgare, Chironia centaurium
 — c Officinale,  Centaurea centaurium t—q. Par-
 vum,  Chironia centaurium.
   CENTAURY, AMERICAN, Chironia  angu-
li laris— c. European,   Chironia  centaurium—o.
 Greater, Centaurea centaurium — c. Lesser, Chi-
 ronia centaurium.
   CENTESIS,  Paracentesis, Puncture.
    CENTIGRAMME, (¥.) from centum, 'a hun-
 dred,'   and  ypappa,   ' gramme,'  Centigram'ma.
 The hundredtb part of a gramme.  A centigram-
 me is equal to about  the fifth  part  of a French
 grain, gr. .1543 Troy.
    CENTILITRE, Centilltra,  from centum,  'a
 hundred,'  and Xirpa, 'litre.'  An ancient  Greek
 measure for liquids: — the hundredth part of a
 litre—equal to nearly 2.7053 fluidrachms.
    CENTIMETRE, Centim'eter ; the hundredth
 part  of a  metre — equal  to about four lines,
 .39:57  English inch.
    CENTIMORBIA,  Lysimachia nummularia.
    CEXTIXERVIA,  Plantago.                ,
    GENTINODE, Polygonum aviculare.
    CENTINODIA, Polygonum aviculare.
    CENTO VIRGINALIS,  Hymen.
    CKXTRAD, see Central aspect.
    CEXTRADIAPH'ANES,  Catarac'ta centra.'-
  Us, from Ktvrpov, * centre,' a, privative,  and Ita-
  >pavns. 'transparent.'   Cataract owing to obscurity
  of  the  central portion of the crystalline.
    CENTRAL, Centra'lia, from centrum,  'thecen-
  tre.'   Relating or appertaining to the centre.
    Central Ar'tery of the Ret'ina, Arte'ria
  Centralis  Ret'ina,   Central  Artery  of Zinn.
  This artery is given off from  the  arteria  oph-
  thalmica, and penetrates the optic nerve a little
  behind  the  ball of  the  eye;  running  in  the
  axis of the nerve, and spreading out into many
  small branches  upon  the  inside of the retina.
  When  the nerve is  cut across near the eye, the 
CENTRE
185
CEPITALANTHUS
orifice of tho divided artery is observable.  This
was formerly called Pome Op'ticns.
  Central Aspect.  An aspect towards the cen-
tre  of an organ.—Barclay.   Centrad is used by
the same writer adverbially, to signify ' towards
the central aspect'
  CENTRE, Centrum, Ktvrpov, (F.) Centre.  The
middle point of a figure or body.
  Centre  of Action.  The viscus in which the
whole or a great part of any function is executed,
and to which  several other organs  contribute.
Thus, the vital activity seems to be wholly cen-
tred in the stomach, during chymification; in the
duodenum, during chylification. In like manner,
the  uterus  becomes  a centre  of  action  during
gestation.
  Centre, Epigas'tric.  The ganglions and ner-
vous plexuses, formed by the great sympathetic
and pneumogastrie nerves,  in the epigastrium,
around the cceliac artery ; where tbe impressions
received from  various parts of the body seem to
be  centred.
   Centre of Flux'ion.  The part towards which
fluids are  particularly attracted.   An  irritated
organ is said to be a centre of fluxion".
   Centres, Nervous, (F.) Centres nerreux.  The
organs whence the nerves originate; as the brain
and spinal marrow.
   Centre, Optic, see Optic centre.
   Centre,  Oval, Centrum Ova'le,  C. 0. Viettsse'-
nii, Tegtimen'tum ventricitlo'rum cer'ebri.  When
 the two hemispheres of the brain are sliced away,
 till on a level with the corpus callosum, the me-
 dullary part in each  is of an  oval shape: hence
 called centrum ovale minus, (¥.) centre medullaire
 hSmisphSral.  The two  centres of the opposite
 sides, together  with the corpus callosum, form
 the centrum ovale of Vieus'sens.   Vieussens sup-
 posed all  the medullary fibres to issue from .that
 point, and that it was the great dispensatory of
 the animal spirits.
   Centre, Phrenic, Ten'dinoue  Centre of the
 Diaphragm,  Centrum Phren'icum seu  Ner'veum
 sou Tendino'eum seu  Tendin'eum, (¥.)  Centre
 phrinique  ou  tendineux du  Diaphragme.  The
 central aponeurosis or cordiform tendon of the
 diaphragm.
   Centre of Sympathetic Irradia'tions, (F.)
 Centre d'irradiationa aympathiquea.  Any organ
 which excites,  sympathetically,  the  action  of
 other organs, more or less  distant from it; and
 with which it  seems to have no immediate com-
 munication.—Marj olin.
   Centre,  Tendinous,  op  the  Diaphragm,
 Centre, phrenic.
   CENTROMYRINE, Ruscus.
   CENTROSTAL'TIC, Centroatal'ticua, badly
 formed from centrum, ' the centre,' and trrtXXw, ' I
 send.' An epithet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall
 to  the action of the vis nervosa  in the spinal
 centre.  ,«
   CENTRUM, see Vertebrae—c.  Commune, So-
 lar plexus*-c  Nerveum, Centre, phrenic—c. Op-
ticum, Optic centre — c Ovale, Centre, oval—c.
 Ovale minus, see Centre, oval—c. Ovale of Vieus-
 sens, Centre, oval — c  Semicircnlare geminum,
 Taenia semicircularis—o. Tendinosum,  Centre,
phrenic.
   Centrum Vita'lS, Nodua seu  Fona  vita'lia,
 (¥.) Nneud vital.  A term  applied, at  times, to
the medulla oblongata;  at others, to'the medulla
oblongata, and  the medulla spinalis as far as the
second cervical  nerve of the spinal marrow, in
any part of which a  wound would seem to be in-
stantly fatal.  It is  the nervous centre of respi-
ration and deglutition.
   CENTRY, Chironia angularis.
   CENTUM CAPtfTA, Eryngium campestre.
   CENTCMNQDIA, Polygonum  aviculare.
  CEPA ASCALONICA,  Bulbus  esculent™,
Echalotte—c. Marina,  Scilla—c. Victorialis, Al-
lium victoriale—c. Vulgaris,  Allium cepa.
  CEPyEA, Veronica beccabunga.
  CEPHAELINUM, Emetine.
  CEPHAELIS IPECACUANHA, Ipecacuanha.
  CEPHALA'A, Headach,  (¥.) CSphalSe, from
Kt0aXy, 'head.'  Some use the term synonymously
with cephalalgia; others, for a periodical head-
ach; others,  again,  for a  more violent headach
than cephalalgia implies; and others for a chronic
headach.  The last was its ancient signification.
  Cephala'a apaamod'ica, Cephalalgia apasmod'-
ica, C. Nauseo'aa, Sick-headuch, is characterized
by partial, spasmodic  pain ; often shifting from
one part of the head  to another: chiefly com-
mencing in the morning, with sickness  and faii'.t-
ness.  It is extremely apt to  recur, notwithstand-
ing every care.
  CephaLjEA  ARTnRincA,  Cephalagra—c.  He-
micrania, Hemicrania — c  Nauseosa, C. Spas-
modica—c. Pulsatilis, Crotaphe.
  CEPHAL^IMATO'MA,   (F.)  CfphaUmatome,
from KtipaXn, 'head,' and 'aipa, 'blood;' Gephahe-
mato'ma neonato'rnm,   Ecrhymo'ma  cap'itis, E.
copitia  recena nato'rum, Thrombtta iicnatoirttm,
Absces'aus cap'itis saiigitin'eus neonatorum, Tumor
cap'itia aanguin'eua neonato'rnm, Cephalophy'ma,
Craniohamaton'ctts.  A sanguineous tumour, some-
times developed between the pericranium and the
bones of the head of new-born children.  Similar
tumours are met with occasionally  above other
bones, and at all periods of  existence
  Cephaljematoma Neonatorum,  Ccphalaama-
toma.
  CEPHALJE'MIA, Hypera'mia cer'ebri seu
 Cap'itis, Encephaloha'mia,  (F.)  HyperSmie ou
 Congestion du  cervean, EncSphaloliSmie,  H. cSrS-
brale,  Congestion  cSrSbrale.  Accumulation of
blood in the vessels  of the brain.
  CEPHALAGO'GUS, Cephalodttc'tor,   Capiti-
dttc'tor,  from  KtipaXn, 'head,'  and  ayoiyos, 'a
leader, a driver.'   An  instrument  used for draw-
ing down the foetal head.
  CEPH'ALAGRA, from KtibaXn, 'the head,'and
aypa,  'seizure.'  Cephala'a arthrilica,  Menin-
gitis arthrit'ica.   Gout in the head.
  CEPHALAGRA'PHIA, from KtipaXn, 'the
head,' and ypa<pn, 'a description.'   An anatomical
description of the head.
  CEPHALAL'GIA,   Cephalopo'nia,  Cephalo-
dyn'ia,  Encephalodyn'ia,   Homonopa'gia, from
KtipaXn, 'the  head,'  and aXyos, 'pain;' Encepha-
lalgia, Dolor Cap'itia  seu cephalicua. Soda. Pain
 in  the  head; Headnch, (Sc.) Hedeverk, (Prov.)
 Hedewark, (F.) CSphalalgie, Mal d  tete.  Every
kind of headach, whether symptomatic  or idio-
pathic, is a cephalalgia.  It is ordinarily sympto-
 matic, and has to be treated accordingly.
   Cephalalgia  Contagiosa, Influenza—c.  In-
flammatoria, Phrenitis.
  Cephalalgia Period'ica, Febria  intermilten*
cephalica larva'ta, Intermittent headach.  Head-
ach which returns  periodically;  properly, per-
haps, a form of neuralgia.
  Cephalalgia Pulsatilis, Crotaphe—c. Spas-
modica, see Cephalasa.
  CEPHALALOG"IA, from Ktq>aXn, 'the head,*
and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'  An  anatomical disser-
tation on the head.
   CfiPHALANTHE   D'AMJZRIQUE,  Cepha-
lanthus  occidentalis.
  CEPHALAN'THUS OCCIDENTA'LTS,  But-
tonwood ahrub,  Buttonbuah, White  Ball,  Little
Snowball, Swampwood, Pond  Dogwood, Globe-
flower,  (F.) CSphalanthe d'AmSrfque,  Bois de
Maraie. An ornamental shrub,  Ord. Rubiacea?;
Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia, which grows all 
CEPHALARTICA           186                  CERAS
over fhe United States, near streams and ponds,
and  flowers in  July and August.  The bark of
the root has been used as an antiperiodic tonic.
  CEPHALARTICA, Cephalic remedies.
  CEP II A L ATOM'I A,  Cephalotom'ia,  from
K^paXn,  ' the head,' and rtpvtiv, ' to cut.'   Ana-
tomy, or dissection, or opening of the  head.
  CEPHALE^Head.
  ('EPIIA LEMA TOME, Cephalacmatoma.
  CEPHAL'IC,  Cephalicua,  Capita'lia, from
KtiaXn,  'the head.'  (F.) CSphaliqne.   Relating
to tho head.
  Cei'iial'ic Rem'edies, Cephalica seu Capita'-
lia reined'ia, are remedies  capable of  relieving
affections of the head, especially headach:—
Ce/ilialar'tica.
  Ckphal'ic Vein,  Vena  Cephalica seu  Cap'-
itis, (¥.)  Veine cSphaliqne,  Veine radiale cutanSe
of Chaussier.  The great superficial vein at the
outer part of the arm and  fore-arm.   It begins
on  the back of the hand, by a number of radicles,
which unite into  a single trunk, called the  Ceph-
alic of {he Thumb, Cephalica Pol'licis, (¥.)  Veine
cSphaliqne du pouce.   It ascends along the ante-
rior and outer part of the fore-arm, where it forms
the superficial radial.   At the fold of the  elbow
it receives the median cephalic, ascends along the
outer edge of the biceps, and opens into the axil-
lary vein. The name Cephalic was given to it by
the ancients, because  they  thought it had some
conneciion  with  the head, and that blood-letting
ought to be performed on it, in head affections.
   Chaussier calls the internal jugular, Veine cS-
phaliqne, and  the primary or  common carotid,
Art ere  ce/liolioue.
   CEPH IL1DIUM, see Caput
   CEPIIALI'NE.  The base or root of the tongue.
 —Gorraeus.
   CEP HALTS, see Caput.
   CEPHALITIS, Phrenitis.
   CEPIIALIUM, see Caput.
   CEPHALODUCTOR, Cephalngogus.
   CEPHALODYM'IA, Eneephalodym'ia;  from
er/wArj, 'head,' and rW, 'I enter into.'  A class
of  double monstrosities, in which  the heads aro
united.   It is  divided  into two genera, Fronto-
dym'ia  and Bregmatodym'ia: in the former the
union being between the ossa frontis; in the lat-
ter between tbe bregmata.—Cruveilhier.
   CKPIIALODYNIA,  Cephalalgia.
   CEPHALXEDEMA, Hydrocephalus.
   CEPHALOG'RAPIIY, Cephalograph'ia; from
KtipaXn,  'head,' and ypatpn, 'a description.'  An
anatomical description  of the head.
   CEPHALOID, Encephaloid.
   CKPllALOL'OGY, Ccj>halolog"ia; from KtipaXn,
and Xoyos. 'a discourse.'  A treatise on the head.
   CEPIIALOMA, Encephaloid.
   CEPHALOM'ELUS,  (F.)  CSphalomlle; from
 Kt<pa\n,  'head,' and ptXos, 'a limb.'  A monster
 having  one or two accessory limbs on the head.
—I. G.  St. Hilaire.
   CEPHALO-MENINGITIS, Meningo-cephali-
 tis.                     .
   CEPHALOM'ETER, (F.)  Ctphalometre, from
 KtipaXn,  ' the head,' and ptrpov, ' measure.'  An
 instrument for measuring the different dimensions
 of the foetal head, during the process of accouche-
 ment.   A kind of forceps.
   CEPHALON'OSUS, from  KtipaXn,  'the  head,'
 and voans, 'disease.'  This term has been applied
 to  the Febria Hun gar'ica, in which the head was
 much  affected.  See  Fever,  Hungaric.   Others
 have so called  any cerebral disease or fever.
   CEPHALOPAGES,  Symphyocephalus.
   CEPH'ALO-PHARYNG^l'US,  from  KttpaXr,,
 'the head,' and <papvy£, 'tDe pharynx:' belonging
 to  the  head and pharynx.  Winslow has given
this name to tbe portion of the conatrictor pno-
ryngia superior, which  is attached, above, to the
inferior surface of the  basilary process of the os
occipitis.  The Ceph'alo-phurynye'ul Apoueuru'.
n'» is a thin, fibrous  membrane, which is attached
to the basilary process, and gives insertion to the
fibres of the conatrictor superior pharyngis.
  CEPHALOPHYMA, Cephalaematoma.
  CEPHALOPONIA,  Cephalalgia.
  CEPHALO-RACHIDIAN. (Yphalo-spinal.
  CEPHALOSOMATODYM'IA,  Encephahm.
matodym'ia; from  KtipaXn, 'head,' au>pa, 'body,'
and  itiu, ' I enter into.'   A double monstrosity,
in which the union  is between the heads and the
trunks.   Of this there are varieties :—for exam-
ple, Infra-inaxillostermodym'ia, where  the union
is with the inferior  maxillary bones and sterna;
and Prosopoaternodym'ia, between the faces and
sterna.—Cruveilhier.
  CEPHALO-SPINAL, Cephalo-apina'Ua, Ceph'.
alo-ruchid'ian, Eiiceph'alo-rachid'ian, Cer'ebro-
apinal,  Cer'ebro-rachid'ian,  Craniospinal.   A
hybrid  term,  from KtijiaXn,  'head,' and  spina,
'spine.'  Belonging to the head and spine.
  Ceph'alo-spinal Fluid,  Cfplialo-rachid'iaH
fluid,  Cer'ebro-spinal  fluid,  Flu'idttm cer'ebro-
apina'le, Subarachnoid'eau fluid, (¥.) Liqnide
cephalo-rachidien,  is an exhaled fluid, which it
found beneath the arachnoid, wherever pia mater
exists  in  connexion with the brain  and spinal
cord.  It seems to have  a protecting  office, and
to keep up a certain  degree of pressure on the
organ—at least in the  spinal canal.
   CEPHALOTHORACOSTERU'MENUS, from
KtipaXn,  'head,' Owpal;, 'the chest,' and  artpuv, 'to
rob.'  A monster without head or chest.
   CEPHALOTOMIA, Eccephalosis.
   OMPHALOTRIBE, (¥.)   An instrument in-
vented by Baudelocque, the nephew, for crushing
the head of the foetus  in utero; from KtipaXn, 'the
head,' and  rpt(iu>,  ' I  bruise.'   It consists of a
strong forceps, the blades of which are solid: 16
lines broad, and 3  thick.  The handles are per-
forated at their extremity to receive a  screw with
 three threads, the  direction of which  is very ob-
lique,  so as to allow  great  rapidity of rotation,
 and the screw is moved by a winch 6 inches long,
 to increase  the force of the pressure.   The bones
 of the head are easily crushed by it.
   CEPHALOTRIP'SY,  Cephalotrip'eie;  same
 etymon as Omphalotribe.  The operation of crush-
 ing the head  of the foetus in utero.
   CEPHALOTRYPESIS, Trepanning.
   CEPHALOXIA, Torticollis.
   CEPULLA, Allium cepa.
   CER, Heart.
   CERA FLAVA et  CERA ALBA,  Ceros, Yel-
 low and White Wax, (¥.) Cire Jaune et Blanche.
 An  animal substance prepared by the bee, and
 by  some plants, as the Cerox'ylon  aa^ Myri'ca
 cerif'era.   Its colour is yellow, and smell like
 that'of honey, but both are lost by*bleaching.
 It is demulcent and emollient; is sometimes given
 in the form of emulsion, in diarrhoea and dysen-
 tery, but is chiefly used in cerates and ointments.
   CER.3<!'2B, from Kef as, 'a horn,' Ktpaiat.  Tbe
 Cornua of the uterus.—Rufus of Ephesus.
   CERAM'ICE, Cerami'tia,from Krpapos, 'potter's
 earth.'  A  sort of earth  used as a  cataplasm in
 peripneumony.—Hippocrates.
   CERAMIUM, Amphora—c. HelminthochortU»
 Corallina Corsicana.
   CERAMXIUM, Amphora.
   CERAMURIA,  see Urine.
   CERANTHEMUS, Propolis.
   CERAS, Ktpas, 'genitive,' Ktparts, 'horn,' Cor-
 nu; also, the Cornea. Hence, Ceratectomia, Ct-
 ratocele, Ac 
CE11ASI0N
187
CERATOTOM1A
  CERASION, see Prunus cerasus.
  CERAS'MA,  from Ktpawvpi,  'to mix:'  some-
thing  mixed.  A mixture of hot and cold  watei.
lletaeeiax'ina.—Gorraeus.
  CERASUM, see Prunus cerasus.
  CERASUS ACIDA,  Prunus cerasus —c Avi-
um, Prunus  avium, P.  nigra — c Dulcis, Prunus
nigra — c Hortensis, Prunus cerasus—-c. Lauro-
cerasus, Prunus laurocerasus — c. Padus, Prunus
padus— c. Racemosus  sylvestris, Prunus padus
—c. Rubra,  Prunus cerasus—c. Serotina, Prunus
Virginiana—c. Yirginiana, Prunus Virginiana —
C. Vulgaris,  Prunus cerasus.
   CER AT  BLANC ou DE GALIEN, Ceratum
Galeni—c. de Blanc de Baleine, Ceratum  cetacei
— c.  dc Goulard, Ceratum plumbi — c. pour lea
Llvrea,  Cerate for the lips—c. de Plomb compose,
Ceratum plumbi compositum — c. de  Savon, Ce-
ratum Saponis—c. de SuracState de plomb, Cera-
tum plumbi  superacetatis.
   CE'RATE,  Cera'tum,  from  Knpas,  Lat. cera,
 'wax,'  Cerela'itm, Cero'ma, Cero'niiim,  Cero'tum,
 Cero'lenm,  Oleo-cera'tum,  Ceratomalag'ma, (¥.)
 Cerat, Oleo-cSrolS, ElaocSrolS, CereoiS, LiparoidS.
 A composition of wax, oil, or lard, without other
 Ingredients.
   Cerate,  Simple  Cerate,  Cera'tum,  Cera'tum
 simplex (Ph. U. S.). (F.) Cerat Simple.   (White
 wax, ^iv,  Lard,  ,^viij.)  It is applied as  an
 emollient to excoriations, Ac   See Ceratum Ce-
 tacei.
   Cerate,  Belleville's, see Unguentum Hy-
 drargyri nitrico-oxydi.
   Cerate  of  Cal'amine,  Cera'tum  Calamina.
 seu Calamina prapara'ta seu Carbona'tia  zinci
 impit'ri seu Zinci  Cnrbona'tia seu lap'idis Ca-
 litmina'ria seu epitlolicitm, Cerate  of Carbonate
 of Zinc,  Turner'a  Cerate,  Healing Salve, (¥.)
 CSrat de Pierre Calaminajre,  C. de  Calamine.
 (Caliimin.,  Cera flava, aa ,^iij, adipis, Ibj.  Melt
 the wax and lard together, and, on cooling, add
 the carbonate of zinc and stir till cool.—Ph. U. S.)
   Cerate of Canthar'ides,  Cera'tum  Canthar'- j
 idis  seu  Lytta, Blister  Ointment,  Ointment  of  j
 Spanish Flies,  Unguen'tum  ad  veeicato'ria seu I
 Pttl'vcris Meloea veaicato'rii  seu  epispas'ticum  I
 fortius, (¥.) CSrat de  Cantharides.  (Spermaceti ]
 cerate  J^vj,  Cantharides in  powder,  £j.   The
 cerate  being softened  by heat, stir in the flies.)
 This cerate of the European Pharmacopoeias  is
 used to keep blisters, issues, Ac, open.  See Un-
 guentum  Lyttae.   For the  Cerate of Spanish flies
 of the U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia,  see  Emplastrum
■iyttm.
   Cerate,  Goulard's, Ceratum plumbi  compo-
 situm.
   Cerate,  KutKLANi/s  Neutral.    (Diachyl.
 Jviij, alive  oil £iv, prepared  chalk  §iv: when
 nearly  cool, add Acet.  deat. ^iv, plumb auperacet.
 3'U-) ^ cooling emollient.
   Cerate or Poma'tum for the Lips, Cera'tum
 labia'li fni,run', Pomma'turn ad labia  demulcen'-
 dn.—PI-,. 1'.  [F.)  CSrat ou Pommade pour lea
  Ipi:/■<■§,  (Wax 9 parts; oi7  16 parts; — coloured
 with alkanct.)
   Cerate,  Lead,  Compound,  Ceratum  plumbi
 compositum.
   Curate,  Marshall's.  (Palm oil ^\i.  calomel
 3Ji atti/ur of lead 3ss, ointment of nitrate ofmer-
 «•''"■.'/ .VJ-)
   Curate,  Resin, Compound, Ceratum  Resinas
 compositum — c  Savine,  Ceratum  sabinie — c
 Soap, Ceratum saponis—c. Spermaceti, Ceratum
 cetacei — c. of Superacetate or sugar of lead, Ce-
 ratum plumbi superacetatis — c. Turner's, Orate
 of Calamine — c. of Carbonate of zinc,  Cerate of
 Calamine.
   CERATECTOM'IA, from  Ktpas, Ktparos, 'the
cornea,' and tKropos,  'cut  out.'   An  incision
through the cornea.  See Ceratotomia
  CERATIA, Ceratonium siliqua.
  CERATl'ASIS, Keratluaia, from Ktoas, Ktoaros,
'horn.'  A  morbid  condition  characterized by
corneous growths.
  CERATION, Siliqua.
  CERATI'TIS,  Keratltia, from  Ktoas,  Ktparos,
'the cornea,' and itis, 'inflammation.'   Inflam-
mation  of the cornea, Cerati'tis,  Ceratodtii'tis,
Keratodei'tis, Ceratomeningltis,  Corneltis,  In-
flamma'tio  cor'nea.
  CERATIUM, Ceratonium siliqua.
  CER'ATO. In composition, relating or apper-
taining to the cornua of the os hyoides, or to the
cornea.
  CERATOCE'LE, Keratoce'le,  Aquttla, Uca'•
tio. Prominentia Cor'nea, Hernia Cor'nea, Cera-
todeoce'le,  from Ktpas, Ktparos, 'horn,' and Kn\n>
' tumour.'   A protrusion of the transparent cor-
nea, or rather of the membrane  of the  aqueous
humour, through an opening in the cornea.
   CERATODEITIS, Ceratitis.
   CERATODEOCELE, Ceratocele.
   CERATODEOXYXIS. Ceratonyxis.
   CERATODES MEMBRANA,  Cornea.
   CERATOGLOS'SUS,  Keratoglos'sus, from ce-
 rato, and  yXu>aaa,  ' the tongue.'   A muscle, ex-
 tending from the great cornu of the os hyoides  to
 the base of the tongue.  It is a part of the  hyo-
 glossus.
   CERATOIDES, Cornea.
   CERATOLEUCOMA, Leucoma.
   CERATO'MA, Cerato'eia, from  Ktpas,  Ktparos,
 'horn.'  A horny growth, or  horny formation.
   CER'ATO-MALA'CIA, Ker'ato-mala'cia, from
 Ktpas, Ktparos,  'cornea,'  and  paXuKia,  'softness.'
 Softening of the cornea, the result of inflamma-
 tion or of starvation.
   CERATO-MALAGMA, Cerate.
   CERATO-MENIXUITIS,  Ceratitis.
   CERATO-MENINX,  Cornea.
   CERATO'XIA  SIL'IQUA, from Ktpas, Ktparos,
 'a horn' — from its hornlike pod.  The Carob
 Tree,  Cera'tium, Cera'tia, Siliqua dulcis, Caro'-
 ba Alnabati, Sweetpod,  (¥.)  Caroubier, (Fruit,
 Carouge.)  This—the fruit of the  Ceratottia sili-
 qua—is mucilaginous, and employed in decoction
 where mucilages are indicated.
   CERATONYX'IS, Keratonyx'ie,  Ceratodeo-
 nyx'ia, from Ktpas, Ktparos, 'the cornea,' and  vvtr-
 od>,  'I puncture.'  An operation  by  which the
 crystalline is depressed by means of a needle in-
 troduced into the eye through the cornea. Some
 divide the crystalline into fragments with the
 needle, and leave them  to  the action of the ab-
 sorbents.   The operation is  as  old as the 17th
 century.
   CER'ATO-PHARYNGE'US, Ker'ato-Pharyn-
 ge'tia, from cerato, and  ipapvy!;, 'the pharynx.'
 The great and small Cer'ato-pharynge'i axe small
 fleshy  bundles, forming part of the Hyopharyn-
 geue of Winslow.
   CERATOPLAS'TICE, Cer1'otoplasty,  Kerato-
 plasty, from Ktpas, Ktparos, ' the cornea,' and irXaa-
 tikos, 'forming, formative.'  The operation for the
 formation of an artificial cornea.  It has not been
 practised on man.
   CERATORRHEX'IS,  Ruptu'ra cor'nea, from
 Ktpas,  Ktparos, 'the cornea,' and pniis, 'rupture.'
 Rupture of the cornea.
   CERATOSIS, Ceratoma.
   CER'ATO-STAPHYLI'NUS,  Ker'ato-ataphy-
 li'nua,  from cerato, and  aratpvXn, 'the uvula.'
 Some  fleshy fibres of the  Thyro-staphylinus  of
 Winslow.
   CERATOTO'MIA,  Ceratectom'ia, from Ktpas,
 Ktparos, ' cornea,' and rtpvtiv, ' to  cut.'   Section
 of the transparent  cornea.  This incision is used 
CERATOTOMUS            1P8            CEREBELLITIS
in the operation for cataract, to give exit to pus
effused in the eye,  in case of hypopyon, Ac.
  CERATOT'OMUS.  Keratolomua, Kerat'omus.^
from Kti,as, Ktparos,  'cornea,' and rtpvtir,  'to cut.'
A name given by Wenzel  to his knife for dividing
the transparent cornea, in the operation for cata-
ract.  Many modifications of the instrument have
been made since Wenzel's time.  See Knife, ca-
taract.
  CERATUM, Cerate—c. Album, Ceratum ceta-
cei, Ceratum  Galeni—c.  de Althaea, Unguentum
dc Althaea— c. Calaminae, Cerate of Calamine—
c. Cantharidis, Cerate of Cantharides,  Emplas-
trum  Lyttae—c de Cerussa, Unguentum plumbi
subcarbonatis.
  Cera'tum  Ceta'cei, C. Spermacet'i seu album
seu ceti seu simplex (Ph. E.),  Unguen'tum Ceta'-
cei (Ph. D.)  seu adipoce'ra ceto'rum, Linimen'-
tum album, Entplas'trum Sperm'atia Ceti, Sperma-
ceti Cerate, (¥.) CSrat de  blanc de baleine, On-
guent blanc.  (Spermaceti, ^j ;  white wax, ^iij ;
olive oil, f^vi. Ph. U. S.)  A good emollient to
ulcers, Ac.
  Ceratum Ceti,  Ceratum cetacei — c.  Cicutae,
Ceratum conii—c.  Citrinum, Ceratum  resinae.
  Cera'tum  Coni'i,  Cera'tum   Civilta.   (Ung.
conii, Ibj ; cetacei,  ^ij ; cera alba, ^iij.)   A for-
mula in Bartholomew's  Hospital; occasionally
applied to cancerous,  scrofulous sores, Ac.
  Ceratum Epuloticum, Cerate of calamine.
  Cera'tum  Gale'ni, C. album  seu refrig"erana
Gale'ni, Unguen'tum cera'tum  seu amygdallnum
seu aimplex,  Emplaa'trum  ad fontic'ulas, O'leo-
cera'tum aqud eubac'tum, Cold Cream, (¥.) CSrat
blanc ou de Galien.   (  White wax, 4 parts; oil
of  sweet almonds, 16  parts; add,  when  melted,
water  or rose-water, 12 parts.  Ph. P.)   A mild
application to chaps,  Ac.
  Cera'tum  Hydrar'gyri Compos'ithm,  Com-
pound  Cerate of Mercury.  (Ung. Hydrarg., Ce-
rat. Sapon.  Comp.,  aa, §vj;  Camphor,  ?|iss.
Rub together.  Ph. L.)   A discutient to indolent
tumours.
   Ceratum  Labiale Rubrum, Cerate  for tbe
lips — c. Lapidis caiaminaris, Cerate' of calamine
— c  Lithargyri   acetati compositum,  Ceratum
plumbi compositum—c Lyttae, Cerate of cantha-
rides—c Mercuriale,  Unguentum hydrargyri—c
Picatum, Pisselaeum.
   Ceratum Plumbi Compos'itum, C. Lithar'gyri
Aceta'ti Compoe'itum seu  Subaceta'ti plumbi medi-
ca'tum seu Plumbi  Snbaceta'tie (Ph. U. S.) seu Sa-
tur'ni,  Compound Lead Cerate,  Goulard's Cerate,
Goulard'a Ointment, (¥.) CSrat de Goulard, C. de
Plomb  compoaS.   (Liq.  plumb, subacet., 3iiss;
eerce flora, ^iv; ol.  oliv., ^ix; camphora, ^ss.
Ph. U. S.)  Its virtues are the  same as the next.
   Ceratum Plumbi Superaceta'tis, C. Plumbi
Accta'tia, Unguentum Cerna'sa  Aceta'ta, Cerate
of Sttperacetate or Sugar of Lead, Unguentum. Aee-
tatis Plumbi, (F.)  CSrat  de suracState de Plomb.
(Acetute* of lead, SJ'j 5 white wax, ^ij ;  olive oil,
Ibss.)   Cooling and astringent.
   Ceratum Refrigerans Galeni, Ceratum Ga-
leni.
   Ceratum Resi'n.e, C.Reai'na flava seu cilri-
num,  Unguen'tum  baailicon flavitm seu  Realna
 flava seu Reaino'aum, Reain Cerate or Ointment,
 Yellow Baailicon, Baailicon Ointment.   (Reain.
flav.,  J)V; Cera flav.,J^\y, Adipia, ^viij.  Ph.
U. S.)  A  stimulating application to old ulcers,
Ac.  Digestive.
   Dr. Smellome's Ointment for the Eyea consists
of  finely powdered verdigria, Jss, rubbed  with
oil, and then mixed  with an ounce  of ceratum
reeina.
   Ceratu*  Resi'n^s Compos'itum,  Compound
Reain Cerate, (Reain., Sevi, Cera flava,  a\a, tbj ;
 Terebinth., Ibss;  Ol. Lini, Oss.  Deshler's Salve.
Melt together, strain through linen, and stir till
cool.  Ph. U. S.)
  Ceratum Sabi'n.*:, Unpucntum Sabina, Savine
Cerate, (¥.)  Cerat de Sabine.   (Sorine, in pow-
der,  %\j; Resin Cerate,  Ibj.  Ph.-I.  S.  Irrita-
tive, 'drawing.'  Used in the same cases as the
cerate of cantharides.
  Ceratum  Sapo'nis, C. Sapo'nis Compos'itum,
Soap Cerate,  (¥-.) CSrat de  Savon.   (Liq.J'lttmb.
subacetat., Oij;  Sapon, Sjvj ; Cera alba.^x; 01.
oliva, Oj. Boil the solution of subacetate of lead
with the soap over a slow fire, to the consistence
of honey; then transfer to a water-bath, and eva-
porate until all the moisture is dissipated; lnstly,
add the wax, previously melted  with the oil, mid
mix.  Ph. U. S.) It is applied in cases of sprains
or fractures,
  Ceratum  Saturni, Ceratum  plumbi composi-
tum— c Simplex, Cerate, simple,  Ceratum ceta-
cei—c. Spermaceti, Ceratum cetacei—c. Suhace-
tati plumbi medicatum, Ceratum  plumbi composi-
tum—c Tetrnpharmacum,  Pisselaeum.
  Ceratum  Zinci Carbonatis,  Cerate of Car-
bonate of Zinc.  (Zinci curbonat. praparat., ^ij ;
Ung. simpl., !Jx.   Ph. U. S.)  Used in the  same
cases as the Ceratum calaminae.
  CERAU'NION,  from Ktpawos,  'thunder,' 'a
thunderbolt.'  Lapis fulmin'eus.  A kind of stone,
which was believed to be formed during thunder;
and  to be possessed  of the  power of inducing
sleep, and numerous  other prophylactic  virtues.
It was rubbed on the knee, breast, Ac, in swell-
ings of those parts.
  CERBERA AHOVAI, see Strychnine.
  Cerbera Tanghin, Tanghin'ia,  T. venenifera.
A tree of Madagascar, Order, Apocynacea-; tbe
kernel of whose fruit is a deadly poison ; and al-
though not larger than an almond is sufficient to
destroy twenty people.
  Cerbera Thevetia, see  Strychnine.
  CERBERUS TRICEPS, Pulvis cornachini.
  CERCA'RIA, from xtpKos, 'a tail.'  A genus
of agastric, caudate, infusory animalcules, one of
the  most curious of which inhabits the tartar of
the  teeth. The, so called, spermatozoa have been
presumed by  some to belong to this genus.
  CERCHNASMUS, Corchnus.
  CERCHNOMA, Cerchnus.
  CERCHNUS, Cerchnas'mus, Cerchnum, Cerch-
no'ma, from Ktpxvtw, ' I render hoarse.'  A rough
voice produced by hoarseness.   See Rattle.
  CERCIFIS, Tragopogon porrifolium.
  CER'CIS,  KtpKts.  A sort of pestle for reducing
substances to powder.  Also, the radius or small
bone of the arm.  See Pilum, and Radius.
  CER CLE, Circulus—c. fie la  Choroide, Ciliary
ligament—c.  Ciliare,  Ciliary ligament.
  CERCO'SIS,  from KtpKos, 'a tail.'  Mcn'tula
mulie'bris, the Clit'oris.  Some authors have em-
ployed the word synonymously with nymphoma-
nia and elongation of the clitoris ; and with  Poly-
pus Uteri, the Sarco'ma Cerco'ais of Suu\a_-i-s.
  Cercosis  Clitoridis, Clitorism — c. Interna,
Clitorism.
  CEREA, Cerumen.
  CEREA'LIA, from Ceres, 'goddess of  corn.'
(F.) CSrSalea (Plantea.)  The  cerealia are gra-
mineous plants, the seed of which serve for the
nourishment  of man :—as wheat, barley, rye, Ac.
At times, the same term is  applied to some  of the
leguminous plants.
  CEREBARIA, Carebaria.
  CEREBEL'LA URI'NA.  Urine of a whitish
appearance, of the colour of the  brain or cerebel-
lum, from which  Paracelsus  thought he  could
distinguish diseases of that organ
  CEREBELLI'TIS, badly  formed  from cert-
bellum and ilia, denoting inflammation.  Poren-
cephalitis, Ittfiamma'tio eertbelli.  Inflammation 
CEREBELLOUS             189               CERFEUIL
ef the cerebellum: a variety of phrenitis or ence-
phalitis.
  CEREBEL'LOUS,  Cerebello'aua, from  cerebel-
lum, ' the little brain.'   (F.)  CSrSbelleux.   Chaus-
sier has given this epithet  to the vessels of the
cerebellum.   These are  three in  number;  two
of which are inferior : the  larger, inferior cere-
belli, which arises  from the posterior cerebral or
vertebral; and the smaller,  whose existence is
not constant, from the meso-cephalic or basilary :
—the third,  called A. cSrSbelleuse superieure (eu-
pcrior cerebelli,) is also a branch of the basilary.
   Cehebel'lous   Ap'oplexy, Apoplex'ia  cere-
hella'sa : apoplexy of the cerebellum.
   CKREBEL'LUM,  diminutive  of  Cerebrum;
 Cerebrum parvum  seu poste'riua,  Appen'dix ad
eer'ebrnm, Etiera'nion, Enera'nia,  Epencra'nia,
I'ureiieeph'alia, Parencepllulua, Parenceph'alum,
Encephuliiitn, Enceph'altis  opis'thiua, Micrence-
phnliiun, Micreneeph'alum, Little brain (¥.) Cer-
relet.  A portion  of  the medullary mass,  con-
tained in the cavity of the cranium.   It  fills the
lower  occipital fossae  below the tentorium, and
embraces the tuber annularb and medulla.  It is
 composed, like the brain, of vesicular  and tubu-
 lar substance, arranged in  laminae, as it were ;
 so that, when a section  is made of it, it has an
 arborescent  appearance, called Arbor vita.   The
 cerebellum is divided into two lobea or hemispheres
 or lateral  masses, Lobus superior anterior seu
 quadrattgula'ris, and Lobus superior poaterior seu
 eemilttna'ria, and  each  lobe is again subdivided
 into Motttic'uli or Lobules.   In the  cerebellum
 are to  be observed the crura cerclnJH, the fourth
 ventricle, the valvttla magna cerebri, the processus
 vermiculares, superior and inferior, Ac
   CER'EBRAL, Cerebra'lia, (¥.), CSrebral, from
 cerebrum, ' the brain.'  Belonging to the brain ;
 similar to brain.
   Cerebral Apophysis, Pineal gland.
   Cerebral Ar'teries  are three on  each side:
 .— the  anterior or  artery of the corpua callosum,
 and the  middle, arte'ria Sylvia'na, are furnished
 by the internal carotid: — the posterior or poste-
 rior and inferior artery of the brain, A. profunda
 cerebri,  arises from  the vertebral.   Chaussier
 calls these arteries lobairea, because they corre-
 spond  with  the  anterior, middle, and posterior
 lobes,  whilst he calls  the  trunks, whence  they
 originate, cerebral.
   Cerebral Nerves are those which arise  with-
in the  cranium, (F.) Nerfs craniens, all of which,
perhaps,  with the  exception of the olfactory, ori-
ginate  from  the medulla oblongata.  See Nerves.
   In Pathology, an affection  is called cerebral,
which  specially occupies the brain.  Filvre cSrS-
brale,  Cerebral fever, is a variety in  which the
head is much affected.
   CEREBRATION,  Cerebratio, from cerebrum,
'the brain.'   The action of the brain during any
mental or moral manifestation.
   CEREHRIFORM, Encephaloid.
   CER1BRITIS,  Phrenitis.
   CEREBROPATHY, see Nervous diathesis.
   CEREBRO-MALACIA, Mollities cerebri.
   CEREBRO-RACHIDIAN,  Cephalo-spinal.
   CEREBRO-SPIXAL, Cephalo-spinal.   A cere-
brospinal or cerebro-spinant is a neurotic, which
exercises a special influence  over one or  more
functions of the brain and spinal cord, and their
respective nerves.—Pereira.
   Cerrbro-Spinal Axis, see Encephalon.
   CEREI1RO-SPINAXT, Cerebro-spinal.
   CER'EBRCM or  CERE'BRUM, from  xapa,
'the head.'   The  brain.   (F.) Oerveau, Cervelle.
This term is  sometimes applied to the whole of
the contents  of the cranium:  at others, to the
upper portion ;—the posterior and  inferior being
culled cerebellum.  The brain, properly so called, [
extends from  the os frontis to the superior occi-
pital  fossae.   Anteriorly, it  rests on the orbitar
vault: behind this,  on the middle fossae of the
base of,the cranium; and, posteriorly, on the ten-
torium cerebello superextensum.  The upper sur-
face is divided by a deep median  cleft  (Sciasure
interlobnire, — Ch.) into two halves, called hemi-
spheres,  which  are  united  at  the base by  the
corpus callosum.  At  its surface  are  numerous
convolutions.   The inferior surface exhibits, from
before to behind, three  lobea,  distinguished into
anterior, middle,  and posterior.  The  middle is
separated from the  anterior by the fiaaure of
Sylvius; and from the  posterior, by  a shallow
furrow which corresponds to the upper portion of
the para petrosa.   Internally,  the brain has, on
the  median  line,  the corpus  callosum, septum
lucidum, fornix, pineal gland, and third ventricle:
— and  laterally, the lateral ventricles, in  which
arer the corpora striata, optic thalami, Ac  It is
contained in  a triple envelope, (see Meninges.)
Its texture is pulpy, and varies according to age.
Two  substances may be  distinguished in it  — the
white, medullary, tubular or fibrous — medulla
cer'ebri,  (¥.)  Pulpe cSrebral,  and the cortical,
cineritioua, veaiculur, or gray.  The  former is
white;  and occupies all the interior and base of
the brain.  The latter is grayish and softer.  It
is situate particularly at the surface of the organ.
   The brain receives several arterial vessels, fur-
nished by the internal carotid and vertebral.  Its
veins end in the  sinuses.   It is the material
organ of the  mental and moral manifestations.
According to  Gall,  each  part  is'the special seat
of one of those faculties, and the brain and cere-
bellum, inclusive, are called by him 'the nervous-
system of the mental fa enl tics.'   See Craniology.
   The substance of the nervous system—Neurine
—has bo^n analyzed by Vauquelin, and found to
contain  water, 80'00; white fatty matter,  4*53;
red  fatty matter, called eerebrine, (P70;   osma-
zome, 1*12;  albumen, 7"00; phosphorus,  1*50;
sulphur,  acid  phosphates of potassa, lime, and
magnesia, 5*15.
   Cerebrum Abdominals, Solarplexus—e.  Elon-
gatum, Medulla oblongata—c.  Parvum, Cerebel-
lum—c  Posterius, Cerebellum.
   CEREC'TOMY, Cerectom'ia, Kerec'tomy, from
Ktpas, ' cornea,' and tKroun, ' excision.'   Excision
of a layer or portion of the cornea.
   CEREFOLIUM, Scandix  cerefolium —c His-
panicum, Chaerophyllum odoratum—c Sylvestre,
Chaerophyllum sylvestre.
   CEREL^UM, Cerate.
   CEREOLE., Cerate.
   CEREOLUS, Bougie.
   CERERISIA, Cerevisia.
   CERERIUM, Cerium.
   CEREUM  MEDICATUM, Bougie.
   CEREUS, Bougie.
   CEREVIS'IA, quasi Cereris'ia,  Cervis'ia, Ce'-
lia, Zythus, Zythum, Liquor Cer'eris,  Oivos KpiOns,
 Vinum hordeil~ceum, Bira, Bryton, fipvrov, Barleu
wine, from Ceres,  'corn;'  whence it  is  made.
Ale (Alia,) (Sc.) Barley-bree, Barley-corn,  Beer,
Porter,  (¥.)  Bilre,  Cervoise.   These fluids are
drunk by the inhabitants  of  many  countries
habitually, and in  Great Britain and  Germany
more  than in others.  They are nourishing, but
not very easy of digestion.   The old dispensato-
ries contain numerous medicated ales, which are
no longer in  use.  Some, however, are  still ad-
mitted.   They are  the BrutolSs ou BrytolSs of
CheVeau, Brytolatures of Beral; — Bilres MSdi-
cinales.
   Cerevisia  Abietis, Beer, spruce-»-c. Nigra,
see Falltranck.
   CERFEUIL, Scandix cerefolium—c. Musqvl, 
CERION
190
CERVUS
     ,  „      ,    •         0   __„  pu~rn- 'I The aacendina, anterior, or auperficial, a branch
rernphyllnm  odoratum-c  Sauvage,  Chaero-  ™*J™£W tnvroi(,/distributed to the scalenl

JIImm^v  „;"_____  t,™:-. r.™„        I! muscles  and  integuments.   2.  The  /*,„.,, „«
                                             (Cervico-seapulairi:—Ch.,) a branch  of the nxil.
                                             lnry artery, or of tho subclavian : distributed to
                                             the levator acapnia, trapezina, Ac.
                                             tcrior  or profound, A.  transrersu'li
  CF1MOX. see Favosus, Porrigo favosa,
  CERISIER, Prunus  cerasus— c.  d Grappee,
Prunus padus—c. dc Virginie, Prunus Virginiana.
  CE'RIUM, Cere'rium.  A metal which is never
found isolated, being usually combined with lan-
thaniuin  or  lantanium  and  didymium.   The
salts of cerium are supposed to be sedative and
tonic.  They have been u-cl in dyspepsia in its
various  forms; the vomiting of pregnancy, Ac
Dose of the oxalate or nitrate, one or two grains.
  CERXIN. SAIXT. WATERS OF.  St.  C. is a
parish  in  the diocese  of  St. Flour, Upper Au-
vergne, France.   The water is a chalybeate.  It
is called  Eau du Citmbon.
  CERNOS. Capistrum.
  CEROK'XE, Cerou'ne, or Ciroue'ne, Ceroe'num,
from Kt/pos. 'wax,' and oivos, 'wine.'  A  plaster
composed of yellow wax, mutton suet, pitch, Bur-
gundy pitch, bole Armeniac, thua  and tciiie.   It
was used  as a strengthening plaster.  Sometimes
it contained neither wax nor wine.
   CEROLEUM,  Cerate.
   CEROMA. Cerate.  See Lardaceous.
   CEROMAXTI'A, from Knpos, 'wax,' and pav-
 rtia, 'divination.'  The art of foretelling the fu-
 ture, from the figures which melted wax assumes,
 when suffered to  drop on  the surface of water.
   CERONIUM.  Cerate.
   CEROPIS'SUS, from  Knpos, 'wax.' and irwoa,
 'pitch.'   A depilatory plaster, composed of pitch
 and wax.
   CEROS. Cera.
   CKROSTROSIS, Hystriciasis.
   CEROTUM, Cerate.
   CEROXYLON, see Cera flava et alba.
   CERUA, Ricinus communis.
   CERU'MEX,'from cent,  'wax.'   C. Au'ritim,
  Ce'rea, Aurium Sordes, Sordic'ula au'ritim, Mar-
 mora'ta An'rium, Cypaele, Ceriltninoua Humour,
 Ear-wrtx, Cyp'eelia, Fu'gile, (¥.) Ciredes Orcillea.
 A name  given to the unctuous humour, similar
 to wax  in its physical  properties, which is met
 with  in  the meatua auditoriua externus.  It  is
  secreted by glands, situate beneath the skin lining
  the meatus.  It lubricates  tbe  meatus, preserves
  the suppleness of the lining membrane, prevents
  the introduction of bodies  floating  in the atmo-
  sphere,  and by  its bitterness and  unctuousness
  prevents insects from penetrating.
   CERU'MIXOUS, Cerumino'eue,  (¥.)  CSrumi-
  ncux.  Relating to cerumen.
   Ceruminous  Glands, Ceru'minoua Follicles,
  (¥.) Glandes ou  Folliculea cSrumineuaea.   Glands
  or follicles which secrete the cerumen.
    CERUSE. Plnmbi subcarbonas.
    CERUSSA ACETATA, Plumbi superacetas —
  c. Alba Hispanica,, Plumbi subcarbonas—c Alba
  Norica, Plumbi subcarbonas—c Nigra, Graphites
  —c Psymmithron, Plumbi subcarbonas—c. Ser-
  pentaria?. see Arum  maculatum.
    CERUSSE. Plumbi subcarbonas.
    CERUS'SEA  URI'NA.  A term used by Para-
  celsus for the urine, when of a colour like cerusse.
    CERVARIA  ALBA, Laserpitium latifolium.
    CEP VEAU,  Cerebrum.
    CERVELET, CereheMum.
    CERYELLE. Cerebrum.
    CERVI BOLETUS, Elaphomyces Granulatus.
    CERVI ELAPHI CORNU, Cornu cervi, see
  Cervus.
    CER'VICAL,  Cervica'lia,   Troche'lian,  (¥.)
  TrachSUen, from cervix, cervicis, the neck, 'the
  back of the neck.'  Every thing which concerns
  the neck.* Cervical, in antiquity, meant a pillow
  or  bolster.
    Cervicai Ar'teries  are three in number: 1.
3.  The pos-
 cnlli,  Tru.
tcrior or pr ,.
chSlo-cervicale—(Ch.) a branch of the subclavian,
distributed to the deep-seated muscles on the, m,.
terior and posterior parts of the neck.  See, al?o,
Princeps Cervieis (arteria).
  Cervical  Gan'glions.  The three  ganglions
of the great sympathetic  The  eerrical  i//unrli
or lympliatic glands  of  the neck are, also, so
called.  See  Ti i^planehnic nerve.
  Cervical  Lig'aments.   These  are  t\v.. in '
number.  1.  The anterior,  extending  from the
basilary process of  the occipital bone to tfit, an-
terior pnrt of the first cervical vertebra.   -'.  The
posterior or supraspinous, Ligamen'titm Nn'rha,
which extends from the  outer  occipital protiilw-
ranee to the  spinous process of the  seventh cer-
vical vertebra.  In  animals with large heads it is
very strong.
   Cervical Nerves are  eight  in  number on
each side, and form the eight eerrical pairs, which
are  the first  given off  from the spinal marrow.
   Cervical Plexus, Plexua Trachdo-sumcutnni
 (Ch.)   The nervous net-work formed by  the an-
 terior branches of the first three cervical  nerves,
 above the posterior scalenus muscle, and at the
 outer side of  the  pneuraogastric nerve,  carotid
 arter)', and jugular vein.
   Cervical, Region, Anterior Deep, Prever-
 tebral region.  The region  of the neck, occupied
 by  three pairs of muscles placed  immediately in
 front of  the cervical and three  superior dors.d
 vertebra? :—viz. the rectus capitis an ticus major
 the rectus capitis a.nticus minor, and longus colli;
 —hence  termed prevertebral muselis.
   Cervical Veins have nearly tbe same distri-
 bution as the arteries.
   Cervical Ver'tebr^b.  The first seven verte-
 bras of the spine.
   CERVICALTS  DESCENDENS,  see  Hypo-
 glossus and Sacro-lumbnlis.
   CERVICARIA, Campanula trnchelium.
   CERVICI-DORSO-SCAPULAIRE.  Rhom-
 boideus — c. Dorso-coetnl, Serratus posticus su-
 perior— c. Dorso-mastoidien et  dorso-trachflit^
 Splenitis—r. Mastiiidien, Splenius.
   CER'VICO-FA'CIAL,  Cervlco-facia'lis.  Be-
 longing to the neck and face.
   Cervico-facial Nerve, Nervus cervi co-fa cia-
 lia.  A branch of  the facial nerve, distributed to
 the neck and face.
    CERVISIA, Cerevisia.
    CERVTSPINA, Rhamnus.
   CERVIX,  Collum.  The neck, especially  the
 back part.  A neck.
   Cervix Obstipa,  Torticollis—c. Uteri, Collum
 uteri.
    CERVOISE, Cerevisia.
    CERVUS,  Cerva.  The horn of the Cervua El'-
 aphtta, called Cornu,  Cerri Elaphi Cornu,  Cortri
  Cervi'nttm,  Hartshorn,  (F.)  Come de rerf, con-
 tains 27 parts of gelatin in the 100. A jelly made
 from the shavings is emollient and nutritive.
    The  Stag's Pizzle, Pria'pus  Cervi. was  one*
 considered  to be'aphrodisiac  Dose, 9j  to ^j, in
 powder.
    Cervus  Alces.   The Elk,  (¥.) f,lan.   Tbe
 hoof of this animal was anciently used as an anti-
 epileptic   The animal, it was asserted,  was sub-
  ject to attacks of epilepsy, and always cured them
  by putting  its hoof into the ear.  The hoof was
 also worn as an amulet.
     Cornu Ustum, Burnt  Hartshorn, has been used
  as  an antacid, but it consists of 57 parts of phas- 
C&SAR1ENNE OPERATION    191               CHAM-ELEA
phate, and only one of carbonate of lime.   It is,
therefore, not of much use.
  CESARIENNE  OPERATION,   Caesarean
section.
  CESSATIO  MENSIUM,  Amenorrhoea.
  CESTRl'TES.  A wine prepared from betony,
(Ktirrpov, ' betony.')
  CESTRON,  Betonica officinalis.
  CETA'CEUM,  from Knros,  eetus, 'a whale.'
Allium Ceti, Adipoee'ra ceto'sa, Steari'nnm  ceta'-
cenm, Spcrnutcet'i, Parmacit'y, Sperm. (F.) Blanc
de Baleine,  CStine, Adipocirc  de  Baleine. An
inodorous, insipid, white,  crystallized, friable,
unctuous substance, obtained from the  brain of
the Physe'ter Macroceph'alus or Sp'ermaceti Whale,
(F.)   Cachalot,  and  other  varieties  of whale.
S. g. -94.13 : melts at 112°.  It is demulcent and
emollient,  and has been  given in coughs and
dysentery, but  is mostly used in ointments.  Dose,
jjss to .^iss, rubbed up with sugar or egg.
' CETERACH OFFICINARUM,  Asplenium
ceterach.
  CETINE, Cetaceum.
  CETRARIA ISLAXDICA, Lichen islandicus.
  CETRARIX. see Lichen islandicus.
  CETRARTUM, see Lichen islandicus.
  CEVAOILLA, see Veratrum sabadilla—c. His-
panorum, Veratrum sabadilla.
   CEVADILLE, Veratrum sabadilla.
  CHAA, Thea.
   CH A GRILLE, Croton cascarilla.
   CHADLOCK, Sinapis arvensis.
   CIIJEREFOLTUM, Scandix  cerefolium.
   CILEROPHYL'LUM, from x«i/>w, 'I rejoice,'
and ipvXXov, 'a leaf,' owing to its luxuriant foliage.
 Scandix cerefolium.
   Cn^uoPHYLLUM Cerefolium, Scandix cerefo-
lium—c. Angulatum, Ch.  sylvestre.
  Cii.Enoi'nYL'LUM  Odora'tcm,  Scandix. seu
 Cicutn'ria Odora'ta, Myrrhia Odoriltn seu Major,
 Cerefo'litim  Hiapan'ieitm,  Sweet  Cic"ely, (¥.)
 Cerfettil mtisquSe ou d'Espagne ; Order, Umbelli-
 ferae; has the Smell of aniseed, and is  cultivated
 on account of its aromatic properties.
   fu.EiiOPiiYL'LUM Monogynum, Ch. sylvestre—
c. Sativum, Scandix.
   ChjEropiiyl'lum Sylves'tre, Cicuta'ria, Cha-
 rnphyl'lum  tem'ulum  seu  monog'ynum  seu  angn-
 la'tiim seu verticella'titm, Anthris'cus hu'milis seu
 proc"ertta,  Cerefo'litim Sylvea'tre,  Bastard Hem-
 lock,  Wild Chervil  or Cow-weed,  (¥.) Cerfettil
laucuge, Pcrail d'Ane, is a slightly fetid aromatic,
but is not used.
   CHiEROPHYLLUM Temulum, Chaerophyllum syl-
vestre—c. Verticillatum, Ch. sylvestre.
   CII/ETE,  Capillus.
   CHAFING, Erythe'mn Intertrigo, Intertrigo,
 Piiratriin'ma,  Paratrip'aia,  Diatrim'ma, Attri'ta,
Attril'io,  from  (F.)  eschanffer,  Schanffer,  'to
heat,' Fret, Gall of the  akin;  Attrltus, {¥.)
Echnuffemens,  Ecorchurea.  The red excoriations
which occur in  consequence  of the friction of
parts, or between the folds of the skin, especially
in fat or neglected children.  Washing with cold
water and dusting with hair-powder  is the best
preventive.  When occurring between the  nates
and  in  the  region of the perinaeum,  from long
walking,—Intertrigo pod'icia,  Proctalgia  inter-
trii/ino'aa, — it is vulgarly  designated by the
French  Entrefrsson.
  CIIAFFB0NE, Jawbone.
   CHAIR, Flesh.
  CHAIR, OBSTETRIC, Labour chair.
   CHAISE PERCEE, Lasanum.
  CHALASLS, Relaxation.
  CHALASMCS. Relaxation.
  CHALAS'TICUS,  from ^Aou.,  'I relax.'  A
medicine  proper  for  removing  rigidity  of th*
fibres.—Galen.   An emollient or relaxant.
,  CHAL'AZA.  Chalazion,  Chah'::i,nit,  Chalazo'.
sis, Poro'aia, Grundo, Tophita, Hail, (¥.}  GrSle,
Gravelle,  from  x<Aa£«,  'hail.'  A  hard, round,
transparent tumour, developed in different parts
of the  body, more especially in the substance of
the eyelids. — Also,  the  Cicatricuia  of the egg.
Generally, however, in the language of ovologisis,
the chedaza or poles are, in the egg  of the bird,
the more dense internal layer of the  albumen,
which  adheres to tbe yolk, and is  continued, in
the form  of two spirally twisted bands, toward
the extremities of the egg.   The twisting is con-
sidered to be produced by the revolving motion
of the  egg in its descent through the oviduct.
   Chai.az/E, see Chalaza.
   CHALAZOXEPHRITIS,  Kidney,   Bright's
disease of the.
   CHALCAXTTIUM, Atramentum, Ferri sulphas
—c. Album, Zinci sulphas.
   CHALCEDOXIUS, Cornelian.
   CHALCITAS.  Bismuth.
   CHALCITES, Colcothar.
   CHALCOIDEUM (os), Cuneiform bone.
   CH-ALCOS, Brass, Cuprum, ^Ereolum.
   CHALCUS, iEreolum. a
   CHALEUR, Heat—c. Acre, see Acrid—c. Ani-
mate, Animaf heat, see Heat.
   CIIALEURS DES ANIMAUX, see  neat—
c. dn Foie,  Heat.
   CIIALINI. see Lip.
   CHAL'INOPLASTY,  Chalinoplaa'tice ; from
XaXtvos,  'frtenum,'  'a  bridle,'  and irXao-au, 'I
form.'   The operation for forming a new fraenum.
   CHALK, Creta — c. Red,  Rubrica febrilis — c.
Stones, Calculi, arthritic
   CH ALL..Maxillary bone.
   CHALYBE', Chalybeate.
   CHALYB'EATE,  Chalyhea'ttta,  Fermgin'eua,
Ferrugino'ana,  Ferra'tus, Martia'lis,  Ferru'gi-
notts, Mar'tial, (¥.)  Ferrttgineitx, ChalybS, from
chalybs, 'iron or steel.'  Of, or belonging to iron ;
containing iron.  Any medicine  into which  iron
enters, as chalybeate mixture, pills, watera, Ac.
See Waters, Mineral.
   CHALYBIS RUBTGO, Ferri subcarbonas.
   CHALYBOKREN.E,  Water,  mineral,  (cha-
lybeate.)
   CHALYB0PEG.3E, Water, mineral,  (chaly-
beate.)
   CHALYBS, from Chalybea ; a people of Pon-
tus, who dug iron out of the earth;  A'ciea, Steel.
The Proto-carburet of iron, (¥.) Acier.  As a
medicine, steel does not differ from iron.
   CnALVBS Tartarizatus, Ferrum tartarizatum.
   CHAMA, Cherae.
   CHAMJ^ACTE, Sambucus ebulus.
   CHAM.EBATOS, Fragaria.
   CHAM.ECEDRIS, Artemisia  santonica.
   CHAMiECISSUS, Glechoma hederacea.
   CHAM^ECLEMA,  Glechoma  hederacea —c.
Hederacea, Glechoma hederacea.
   CIIAM.ECYPARISSUS, Artemisia  santonica.
   CHAMiEDROPS, Teucrium chamaedrys.
   CHAMiEnRYJf'TES.  A wine, in which the
 Teu'crium Chamadrys has been infused.
   CHAM.EDRYS,  Rubus  charaaemorus,' Teu-
crium  Ch., Veronica — c. Incana maritima, Teu-
crium  marura—c Mnrum, Teucrium raarum—c.
Minor repens,  Teucrium Ch.—c. Palustris, Teu-
crium scordium—c. Scordium, Teucrium scordiuin
—c Vulgaris, Teucrium Ch.
   CHAMjEGEIRON, Tussilago.
   C1IAM.EL.EAGNUS, Myrica gale.
   CHAM^ELA'i'TES.  A wine impregnated with
Chamefea, Daphne Alpi'na.
   CHAMiELEA, Cneorum tricoccum. 
UHAM-ELEON ALBUM
192
CIIARLOTTEVILLE
  CITAM.ELEON ALBUM, Carlina acaulis.
  CUAM.-ELE1TE, Tussilago.
  CHAMJ3LINUM, Linum catbarticum.
  CHAMiELIR'IUM LU'TEUM, X"l""i 'on the
ground,* and Xtipov, 'a  lily,' [?]  Yera'trum  lu'-
t- i in,  Hclo'nias lu'tea seu  Dioi'ca, Devils Bit,
Blazing star, U'nicorn root; indigenous ;  Order,
Melauthaceae; flowering in June; is acrid.  An
infusion of the root has been given as an anthel-
mintic :  a tincture, as a tonic.
  CUAM.EMELUM, Anthemis nobilis — c. Foe-
tidum, Anthemis cotula —c.  Nobile,  Anthemis
n„bi;is—c. Odoratum,  Anthemis nobilis—c. V ul-
gare,  Matricaria chamomilla.
  CHAM./EMORUS, Teucrium cbamaepitys. Ru-
bus chameemorus—c. Norwegica,  Rubus chamae-
niorus.
  CH\M.-F.PEUCE, Camphorosma Monspeliaca.
.  CHAMiEPlTUI'NUM  VINUM.  A wine,  in |
which the leaves of the Chama'pitya,  Teu'crium
 Chama'pitya, have been infused.
   CHAMiEPITYS,  Teucrium cbamaepitys — c.
 Anthyllus,  Teucrium  iva — c.  Moschata, Teu-
 crium iva.  ,
   CHAMyEPLION, Ervsimum.
   CHAMiERAPH'AXUM, from xaPal' 'on the
 ground,'  and pntpavos, 'the radish.'   So  Paulus
 of JEgina calls the upper part of the root of the
 Apium.                              „     „ ,
   CHAM^'ROPS SERRAT'ULA,  Saw  Pal-
 metto, from xu/""' <c>n tne gr(,un°V an(i P^' <a
 shrub.'  A farina is prepared from  the roots of
 this plant, which is used by the  Indians,  in Flo-
 rida, as diet.
   CHAMBAR, Magnesia.
   CHAMBER, Cam'era, (¥.) Chambre.   A term
 used in speaking of the eye, in which there are
 two chambers, Cam'era oc'uli;—an anterior and
 a posterior; (¥.) Chambre anUrieu're et postSri-
 ettre.  The  anterior  is the  space between the
 cornea and the  anterior  part of the  iris: — the
 posterior, the space between the iris and anterior
 surface of the crystalline.   They are filled with
 the aqueous humour, and communicate  by the
 opening in the pupil.
   CIIAM'BERLAIN'S RESTOR'ATIVE
 PILLS.   This  nostrum, recommended  in scro-
 fula, and all impurities of the  blood, has been
 analyzed  by Dr. Paris, and found to consist of
 cinnabar, aitlpltur, anlphate of lime,  and  a little
 vegetable matter.  Each piU weighs 3 grains.
   CHAMBRE, Chamber.
   CHAMBRIE, Cannabis sativa.
   CHAMELEA, Daphne Alpina.
   CHAMOMILE, DOGS', Matricaria chamomilla
  — c. Dyers',  Anthemis  tinctoria—c. German,
  Matricaria chamomilla — c.  Spanish, Anthemis
  pyrethrum — c.  Stinking,  Anthemis  cotula — c.
  Wild, Anthemis cotula, Matricaria glabrata.
    CHAMOMILLA FCETIDA,-Anthemis cotula
  — c. Nostras,  Matricaria chamomilla — c.  Ro-
  mana, Anthemis nobilis — c. Spuria, Anthemis
  cotula.
    CHAMPACA. Michelia champaea.
    CHAMPIGNON, Fungus — c. de VAppareil
  dea  Fracturea, Clavaria—c. de Couche, see Agaric
  __c. du Ferment, Torula cerevisiae — c. de Make,
  Cynomorion coccineum — c. du Muguet,  Aphtha-
  pbyte.
    CHAMPOOTNG,  Shampooing.
    CHANCEBONE,  Ischion.
    CHANCELAGUA,  Cancbalagua.
    GHANCRE (¥.), Shanker, Ulcus seu Ulcna'cu-
  lum cancro''sum.  A sore, which arises from the
  direct application of the venereal virus;  hence it
  is almost always seated, in men,  on the penis.
  The French  use  tbe  word  Chancre, in popular
  language, for cancerous ulcers, the malignant
  aphthae  of children,  Ac.  Formerly, the terms
Car'oli and Ca'riee pudendo'rum were  used for
venereal  pustules or sores on tho parts  of gene-
ration.                ✓
  CHANCRE  LARVE.  A concealed  chancre,
such as has been  supposed by M. Ricord to give
occasion  to gonorrhoea virulenta.
  CIIAXCREUX,  Chancreuse (¥.),  Cancro'ini,
Carcino'des.  Having  the nature of chancre, or
of cancer.
  Bouton Chancreux.  A small tumour of a can-
cerous nature, which  makes its appearance on
the face—most frequently on the upper lip—Noli
me tangerc[?].
   CHANDOO.   An aqueous extract of opinm
used by  the Chinese for smoking.
   CHANGE OF LIFE, see Menses.
   CHANNELBONE,  Clavicle.
   CHAXT DES ARTERES, Siffiement moduli.
   CHANVRE,  Cannabis  sativa — c.  B&tard,
 Galeopsis grandiflora—c. Indien, Bangue.
   CHAOMANTI'A.   The alchymists meant, by
 this word, the  art of predicting the future from
 observation  of the air.  The word  Chaos  was
 used by Paracelsus for the air; (pavrtia, 'divi-  •
 nation.')
   CHAOSDA. Plague.
   CHAPERON DE  MOINE,  Aconitum napel.
 lus.
   CHAPETONNA DE, Chappetonnade.
   CHAPITEAU, Alembic
   CHAPPEDONADE,  Chappetonade.
   CHAPPETONADE,  Chappedonade, Chape-
 tonnade (¥.),  Vom'itus rahio'atta.   Vomiting, ac-
 companied by furious delirium, attacking stran-
 gers in  hot countries.
   CHAPS, Rhagades.
   CHAR'ACTER, xaPaKTvp, 'a mM^ or impres-
 sion.'   (F.) 'Caractere.  In  Pathology it is  used
 synonymously with stamp  or  appearance.   We
 say, "A disease  is of an unfavourable character,"
 " The prevailing epidemic has a bilious charac-
 ter," Ac.  In  Mental Philoaophy it means —that
 which distinguishes one individual from another,
 as regards his' understanding and  passions.   See
 Symbol.
    CHARA'DRIUS.  ^lian thus calls a  bird,
 which was reputed to cure jaundice.  The  word
 now means  the  plover.
    CHARANTIA, Momordica elaterium.
    CHARBON, Anthrax carbo, Carbo ligni—e.
  Animal,  Carbo auimalis — c. MinSral,  Graphite*
  — c. Pulmonaire. Anthracosis.
    CHARBONNEUX, Anthracoid.
    CHARCOAL, Carbo —c. Animal, Carbo ani-
  malis.
    CHARDON AUX AXES, Onopordium  scan-
  thiuin—c. BSnit, Centaurea benedicta—c. a Bon-
  netier,  Dipsacus fullonum — e. EtoilS, Centaurea
  calcitrapa — c.  d Foulon, Dipsacus fullonum—c
  HSmorrho'idal,  Cirsium  arvense — c. Marie, Car-
  duus Marianus—c. Roland, Eryngium  carapestre.
    CHAR'LATAN,  from Ital. ciatiare, 'to talk
  much ;' Circula'tor, Circumfora'netta, Periodtu'lO,
  Pseudomed'icua, Agyr'ta,  Anacyc'leoii, a Quack,
   Quackaalber,   Empirical   Pretender,  Emp'tfic,
  Originally, one who  went from place to place to
  sell a medicine, to which he attributed  marvellous
  properties.   By extension — any  individual, who
  endeavours to deceive the public by passing him-
  self off as more  skilful  than  he really is.  Ac-
  cording  to Manage,  the word  comes from circu-
  latanua,  a corruption of circulator.
     CHAR'LATANRY, Agyr'tia,  Banau'sia,^
  conduct or action of a charlatan.  (F.) Chirk-
  tanerie, Charlatanisme, Quackery, Empiricists.
     CHARLOCK, Sinapis arvensis.
     CIIARLOTTEVILLE  SULPHUR Si'F.lNG,
  see Canada, Mineral Waters of. 
CHARM                193                CHAULE
  CHARM,  Lat.  Carmen,  'a  verse,'  because
charms often consisted of verses, whence comes
the  Italian, Ciarma, (¥.) Charme, with the same
signification; Canta'tio, Incantametlturn.  A trick,
a spell,  an enchantment.  A  sort of magic, or
superstitious practice, consisting of words, charac-
ters, Ac, by which, it was believed, individuals
might be struck  with  sickness  or death, or be
restored to health.
  The following are specimens of old charms—
verse churma •

        For atanching Blood, (Pepys.)
        Sanguis mane in te
        Sicut Christus fuit in se;
        Sanguis uiane in tua vena
        Sicut Chrisms in sua poenfi;
        Sanguis mane fixus,
        Sicut Christus quando fuit crucifixus.

            For Cramp, (Pepys.)
            Cramp be thou faintless,
            As our iady was sinless,
            ■When she bare Jesus.

     For the Foot when asleep, (Coleridgo.)
    Foot! foot! foot! is fast asleep !
    Thumb! thumb! thumb I in spittle we steep;
    Crosses three we make to ease us,
    Two for the thieves, and one for Christ Jesus.
  The same charm served for  cramp in  the  leg,
with this substitution:
     The devil is tying a knot in  my log!
     Mark, Luke, and John, unloose it, I beg!—
     Crosses three, ic.

            For a Burn, (Pepys.)
  There came three angels out of the East;
  The one brought fire, the other brought frost.
  Out fire: in frost.
  In the name of the Father and Son and Holy Ghost.
                                     Amen.
  CHARNIERE, Ginglymus.
  CHARNU, Carneous.
  CHARPENTE OSSEUSE, Skeleton.
  CHARPIE, Linteum — c. Brute, see Linteum
—c. RapSe, see Linteum.
  CHARTA ANTJARTHRITICA, Gout paper
—c. Antirheumatica, Gout paper—c Vesicatoria,
see  Sparadrapum  Vesicatorium — c.  Virginea,
Amnios.
  CHARTRE, Tabes mesenterica.
  CHAS (¥.), Acus fora'men.  The eye of a nee-
dle. Sometimes, this opening is  near the point
of the instrument, as in the ligature needle.
  CHASCHISCH, see Bangue.
  CHASME, Yawning.
  CHASPE, Variola.
  CHASSE (¥.), Manu'brium. A kind of handle
eomposed of two  movable laminae of horn, shell,
or  ivory, united  only  at the  extremity, which
holds the  blade of the instrument, — as in  the
common bleeding lancet.   Also, a liqueur or alco-
holic liquor, taken  after a meal; hence chasse-
caJ'S, chasse-tout, Ac, from (F.)  chasser, 'to drive,'
because presumed to aid digestion.
  CHASSIE (¥.), Lema, Lippa,  Glama, Gleme,
Gra'mia, Lemos'itas, Sebum palpebra'le ; the gum
of the eye,  (Prov.) Gound or Gownde, from chas-
ter,  'to  drive out.'  A  sebaceous humour,  se-
creted  mainly by  the  follicles  of Meibomius,
which sometimes glues the eyelids together.
  CHASSIEUX (¥.),  Lippua;  covered with
Chuaaie—as Panpilres chassieuses.
  CHASTE TREE, Vitex.
  CHA TAIGNE, see Fagus castanea—e. d'Ean,
Tr»oa nutans.
  CIlATAIGNIER. COMMUN, Fagus castanea
—(  Nain, Fagus castanea pumila.
      ia
  CHATEAU-LANDON,  WATERS  OF.   A
town  three leagues from  Nemo^irs,  in France.
The waters contain alum and iron.
  CHATEAU-SALINS, WATERS OF; a town
in the department of La-Meurthe, France.  The
waters contain carbonate  of lime, sulphates of
lime and magnesia, and chlorides of magnesium
and sodium.
  CHATELDON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Chateldon is in the department of Puy-de-D6me,
France.  The waters contain  carbonic acid and
iron.
  CHATEL-GUYON,   MINERAL  WATERS
OF.  A village  in  France, in  the department
Puy-de-D6me, near which there are five thermal
acidulous springs.  Temperature, 86° Fahrenheit.
  CHATON (¥.),  'a husk.'   In pathology,  it
means a funda or cavity formed-by the irregular
or hour-glasa contraction of the uterus, in which
the placenta is often retained or enchatonnS after
the birth of the child.  It  is detected by passing
the fingers along the cord as far as the part which
is contracted, when  the  placenta will not be dis-
coverable.
  The treatment consists  in relaxing by a large
dose of an opiate, then passing the fingers along
the cord, and gradually  dilating the opening
through which it passes, until it permits the hand
to  go  through.   The  placenta must  then be
grasped and gently  withdrawn.
  CHATON, Vaginal process.
  CHA TONNE, Incarcera'tua, from chaton. An
epithet in French for anything shut up in a sac,
or imprisoned in any manner—as
  CHATONNE, CALCUL (¥.), Calculua incar-
cera'tua, Encya'ted Calculua, Calcul enkyatS.  A
urinary calculus, adherent to the inner surface
of the bladder, so that it is immovable,  and can-
not pass to'  the different parts of that  organ.
This happens when  calculi form in some natural
or accidental  cavity of the bladder; or when the
organ, by ulceration, gives rise to fungi,  which
surround the calculus; or when it is lodged  in
the orifice of  the ureter or urethra.
  CHATONNE, PLACENTA (¥.).  The pla-
centa when retained  as above described.  See
Chaton.
  CHATONNEMENT (¥.),  Enchatonnement,
Incarcera'tio, Chatonnement du placenta, Enkys-
tement. — Hour-glass contraction of the uterus.
See Chaton.
  CHATOUILLEMENT(¥.). This word some-
times means the action  of tickling or titillation
(Titilla'tio,) and, at others, the  sensation  which
gives rise to the action (Pruritus,) Itching.
  CHAT RE", Castratus.
  CHATRURE, Castration.
  CHAUDEAU, Caudle.
  CHAUDEBOURG, MINERAL WATERS OF.
C. is three quarters of a league from  Thionville,
in France.   The waters contain iron,  sulphate
of lime, sulphate of magnesia, and carbonate of
lime.
  CHAUDEPISSE, Gonorrhoea impura—c. Cor-
dSe, Gonorrhoea cordata — c. TombSe dans  let
Bourses, Hernia humoralis.
  CHAUDES-AIGUES, MINERAL WATERS
OF. A small town in the  department of Cantal,
France, where there is a number of saline springs
containing carbonic acid, carbonate of soda, and
chloride of sodium.  Temp. 190° Fahrenheit.
  CHAUDIERE, see Alembic
  CHAUFFOIR (¥.), Linteum  Culefacto'rium.
According to the AcadSmie, a warmed cloth, used
either for the  purpose of warming a  patient, or
to apply to a female recently delivered.
  CHAULE, Maxillary bone. 
CRAULMOOGRA           194           CHELONOTHAGI
  CHAULMOOGRA.   The fruit  of  the  Cliaul-
moogra,  Gynocar'dia  odora'ta.  Order, Cappa-
rideae, of India.  A bland fixed oil is obtained by
expressing the dried seed; which  is used by the
natives  in leprosy.   The  seed  are  given  inter-
nally, in the  dose of about ^ss in the day, and
the eruption is rubbed with the oil.
  CHAUSSE(¥.), Ohausse d'Hippocrate. Man eke
d'Hippocrate,  Man'ica Hippoc'ratis,  Man.'ica,
Hippocrates'  Sleeve.  A  conical  bag,  made of
flannel, for straining liquids.
  CHAUSSE-TRAPPE,  Centaurea calcitrapa.
  CHAUVETE, Calvities.
  CIIAUX, Calx—c. Bichlomre de,  Calcis chlo-
ridum—c. Chlorure de, Calcis chloridum—c. Hy-
drochlorate de,  Calcis  murias — c. Hydrosulfate
de, Calcis sulphuretum — c.  Muriate de,  Calcis
murias—c. Muriate oxigSnS de, Calcis cbloridum
— c. Muriate suroxigSnS  de, Calcis  chloridum —
c. Oxichlorure de, Calcis chloridum — c. Oximu-
riate de, Calcis  chloridum — c. Phosphate  de, see
Cornu cervi—c.  Vive, Calx viva.
   CHAVEL, Maxillary bone.
   CHAVICA BETLE,  Betel—c.  Roxburghii,
Piper longum.
   CHAWBONE, Maxillary bone.
   CHAWD PYS, Gonorrhoea impura.
   CHAWING, Mastication.
   CHECKER-BERRY, Ar  utns  uva ursi.
   CHEEK, Gena—c. Teeth,  Molar teeth.
   CHEESE, Sax. cere, (L.) Ca'aeua, Tyroa, Pecte,
 (Sc) Furmage,  (¥.) Fromage.  An  aliment, pre-
 pared  from the  caseous and  oleaginous parts of
 milk.   Fresh cheeses owe  their chief  medical
 properties to the immediate principle, essentially
 cheesy, to which the name ca'aeum or ca'aein has
 been applied.   Those, which have been recently
 salted, are digested  with comparative  facility.
 The flavour of cheese is owing to an ammoniacal
 caseate.  On the whole, cheese itself is not easy
 of digestion, although it may stimulate  the sto-
 mach   to greater exertion, and thus aid in the
 digestion of other substances.
   CHEESE RENNET, Galium verum.
   CHEE'SY, Oaeea'riue, Caeeo'sua, Tyro'dea, (F.)
 Caaeux ou CaaSeux. Having the nature of cheese.
   .CHEF. Bandage (tail).
    CHEGOE, Chi que.
    CHEGRE, Cfiique.
   CHEILI'TIS, Chilltia, from ^«Xoj,  'a lip.'
 Inflammation of the lip.  See Chilon.
    CHEILOC'ACE, from x"Aoj, 'a lip,'and uraraj,
 'evil.' Labriaul'cium.  A disease, characterized,
 it is said, by swelling, induration, and slight red-
 ness of the  lips without  inflammation;  reputed,
 but without  any authority,  to  be common   in
  England and Scotland, amongst children.  Also,
  the thickness of the upper lip of scrofulous chil-
  dren.  See Stomacace, and Cancer aquaticus.
    CHEILOCARCINO'MA, from ^tiAot,  'a lip,'
  and KapKivupa,  'a cancer.'  Cancer of the lip.
    CIIEILOMALACIA,  Cancer  aquaticus, Sto-
  macace.
    CHEILON, Chilon.
    CHEILON'CUS,  Cheilophy'ma,  from  x«Xof,
  'lip,' and oy<os, ' swelling.'   A swelling of the lip.
    CHEILOPHYMA, Cheiloncus.
    CHEILOPLAS'TICE, Chiloplas'tice,  Chei'lo-
  plasty, from x£lAof> 'Up,' and vXaariKos, 'form-
  ing.'   The operation for an  artificial lip.
    CHEILOS, Lip.
    CHEIMA, Cold.
    CHEIMETLON, Chilblain.
    CHEIMIA,  Rigor.
    CHEIR,  Manus, see Chir.
    CHEIRAN'THUS CHEIRI, from  x*<P> 'the
  hind,' and  avdos, 'flower,' a flower for the hand.
The systematic name of the Common Yellow TTnfl
Flower,  Viola lit'tea,  Leiicoium  lu'teitm, Eeuri,
Cheiri, (¥.) GSroflSe,  GirofiSe ou Violicr jmair.
Ord. Cmciferae.  The flowers have been esteemed
nervine,  narcotic, and deobstruent.
  CHEIRAP'SIA.   The  action  of rubbing or
scratching, from  X'C>  'tne band,'  and  airr»;'I
touch.'   A troublesome symptom in tho  itch.
  CHEIRARTHROC'ACE, from^t.p,'thehand,'
apdpov, ' a joint,' and kokio, a ' disease.'  Inflam-
mation of the  articular surfaces of the wrist.
  CHEIRIATER, Surgeon.
  CHEIR IS'MA, Cheiris'mua.  The act of touch-
ing :—handling.  Any manual operation.
  CHEIRIXIS, Surgery.
  CHEIROXOM'IA,  Chironom'ia,  from  ^tipo.
roptia. 'I exercise with the hands.'  An  exercise,
referred  to  by Hippocrates, which  consisted in
using the hands, as in our exercise of the dumb-
bells.
  CHEIROPLETHES, Fasciculus.
  CHEIROSIS, Subactio.
  CHELA, Cltele.  This word has several signi-
fications.  Chela, a forked probe used for extract-
ing polypi from the  nose.  Chela — chaps, or
 cracks  on  the feet,  organs of  generation, Ac,
 Chela likewise  means claws, especially those of
 the crab.  See Cancrorum Chelae.
   Chelae Palpebrarum, see Tarsus.
   CHELAPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
   CHELE, Chela.
   CHELIDOINE GRANDE, Chelidonium ma-
 jug—c. Petite, Ranunculus ficaria.
   CHELIDON, xtAioW, the hollow at the bend
 of  the arm ; Hirundo.
   CHELTDONIA  ROTUNDIFOLIA  MINOR,
 Ranunculus ficaria.
   CHELIDONIUM, Bryonia alba—c.Diphyllum,
 Stylophorum  diphyllum—c.  Haematodes, Ch.
 majus.
   Chelido'nium Majus,  Ch.  hamato'des, from
 XtXiiw, ' a swallow,'  because its flowering coin-
 cides with the appearance  of the swallow.  Pa-
 pa'ner Cornieula'turn  seu lu'teitm, Common Cel'-
 aniline,   Tetterwort,  (¥.)  Chelidoine  grande,
 L'Eclaire,  Herbe d  Ihirondelle.  Ord. Papave-
 raceae.  Sex. Syat. Polyandria Monogynia.  The
 root and recent plant have been considered ape-
 rient and diuretic.   Externally, the juice has
 been employed in some cutaneous diseases.
    Chelidonium Minus, Ranunculus ficaria.
    CHELIDO'NIUS LAPIS.  A name given to
 stones,  which,  it was pretended, existed in the
 stomach of young swallows. They were formerly
 believed capable of curing epilepsy.
    CHELOID, Cancroid.
    CHELOIS, see Cancroid.
    CHELO'NE, ^Xui-17, ' a tortoise.' An instru-
 ment for extending a limb ; so called, because in
 its slow motions it resembled a tortoise.—Oriba-
 sius. See Testudo.
    Chelo'ne  Glabra, Common Snake head, Tur-
 tle head, Turtle bloom, Shellflotoer, Balmony. An
 indigenous  plant, Sex.  Syat. Didynamia Angio-
 spermia; blossoming from July to November.
 The leaves are bitter  and tonic ; without any aro-
 matic smell, and with very little astringency.
    CHELO'NIA  MY DAS,  The Green  Turtle.
 This species of turtle abounds on the coa?t of
 Florida,  It is the one so prized by the epicure.
    CHELO'NION,  Chelo'nium,  from  xc*°>vi> '"
 tortoise,' from  its resembling in shape the sbe'.l
 of that animal.  The upper, gibbous part of the
 back.—Gorraeus.  The scapula
    CHELONOPH'AGI,  from  XtAcovn,  ' the tcr-
i toise, and tpayw, < I  eat.'  An  ancient nam" !'■•»
 : certain tribes, who dwelt on the coast  of the Rod 
CHELSEA  PENSIONER       1
Sea,  and who lived only on tortoises. — Pliny,
Diodorus of Sicily.
  CHEL'SEA PEN'SIONER.  An empirical re-
medy for rheumatism and gout, sold under this
name.  (Gum guaiac, £j; powdered rhubarb, 5Jij ;
cream of tartar, 5J ; fiowera of aulphur, ^j ; one
nutmeg, finely powdered;  made into  an electuary
with a  pound of clarified honey).  Dose, two
spoonfuls.
  CHELTENHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF.
C. is a town in  Gloucestershire, England, nine
miles from  Gloucester, and 94 W.  of London.
Its water is  one of the most celebrated natural
purgatives in England.   It is a saline, acidulous
chalybeate, and is  much frequented.  Its main
constituents  are chloride of sodium, sulphate  of
coda, sulphate of magnesia, carbonic acid and
carbonate of iron.
  Cheltenham  Salts.  These  are sometimes
made from  the  waters;  at others,  factitiously.
The following is a formula : Sodii chlorid., mag-
nea. sulphat., eoda eulph., aa Ibj : dissolve, filter,
evaporate to dryness ; then add Ferri aulph., 3;ss.
   Cheltenham  Water,  Artificial,  may  be
made of Epsom  salts, gr. xij ;  iron filings, gr. j ;
Glanber'e aalt,  ^§iv;  water, 4 gallons; impreg-
nated with the gas from marble powder and eul-
phuric acid, aa 3 ij-
   CHELYS, Thorax.
   CHELYS'CION,  from xtXuj, 'the chest.'  A
short, dry cough.—Galen, Hippocrates, Foe'sius.
   CHEME, Chama, Che'ramia.  An  ancient mea-
sure equivalent to about two teaspoonfuls.
   CHEMEUTICE,  Chymistry.
   CUE MIA, Chymistry.
   CHEMIATER, Chymiater.
   CHEMIATRIA,  Chymiatria.
   CHEMICO-HISTOLOGY, see  Chymico-his-
tologv.
   CHEMICUS, Chymical,  Chymist.
   CHEMISMUS, Chymism.
   CHEMIST, Chymist.
   CHEMISTRY, Chymistry.
   CHKMO'SIS,  Chymo'sis, from xvM> <an aper-
ture,' or rather, perhaps from xvt">s> 'an humour.'
A name given to ophthalmia, when  the conjunc-
tiva, surrounding the cornea, forms a high ring,
making the  cornea seem, as it were, at the bot-
tom of a well.  By some, it is used synonymously
with ophthalmia membranarum.   See Ophthal-
mia.
   CIIEMOTICE, Chymistry.
   CHEMOTICUS, Chymical.
  CHEN AY, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Che-
nay is a town in France, two leagues from Rheims.
The waters are chalybeate.
   CHENE, Quercus alba—c. Marin, Fucus vesi-
culosa—c. Petit, Teucrium chamaedrys—c. Vert,
Ilex aquiforium.
   CH^NETTE, Teucrium chamaedrys.
   CHEXEVIS, see Cannabis sativa.
  CHENOBOSCON, Potentilla anserina
  CHEXOC'OPRUS, from ynv,  'a  goose,' and
(toirpoj, ' dung.'   The dung  of the goose is so de-
signated in some  old Pharmacopoeias.  It was
formerly employed as a febrifuge and diuretic.
  CHENOPODE, Chenopodium.
  CHEXOPODIUM AMBROSIACUM, Ch. am-
brosioides.
  Chenopo'dium Ambrosioi'des, Oh. suffmctico'-
sum seu ambrosiacum seu Mexica'num, from xivi
'a goose,' and trovs,  itoios,  'a  foot;' Alriplex
M'-sica'na,  Ambrlua ambroaio'i'dee, Botrya, B.
Jlexica'nn seu America'na, Ambroaio'idea  Mexi-
ea'na, Artemie'ia Botrya, Mexico or Spanish Tea,
(P.) AruSrine, ThS du Mexique, Ambroaie ou Am-
hroiaie du Mexique.   Ord. Chenopodiacese.  The
Infusion  was once  drunk as tea.  It has  been
5          CHEST-MEASURER
given in paralytic cases; and in the United States
is said to be used as an anthelmintic indiscrimi-
nately with Ch. anthelminticum.
  Chenopo'dium  Anthelmin'ticum,  Chenopo'-
dium, Botrya seu Ambri'na anthelmin'tiea, Worm-
seed,  Wormgoosefoot,  Wormseed goosefoot, Jeru-
salem Oak  of America, Goosefoot, Stinkweed, (¥.)
AnaSrine  anthelmintique,  A.  vermifuge.    This
plant  grows  plentifully  in  the  United  States.
The fruit—Chenopodium, {Ph. U. S.) — is much
used  in cases of worms.   Dose of the powder,
from  a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful or more.
The oil, O'leum Chenopo'dii, (Ph. U. S.),  from
8 to 10 drops, is more frequently exhibited.  It
is as much used in America as the Semen  San-
ton'ici is in England.
  Chenopo'dium Bonus Henri'cus, Chrysolach'-
anum, Mercuria'lis, Bonus Henricus, 1'ota bona,
Lap'athum unctito'sum, Chenopo'dium, Ch. sagit-
ta'tum, Pes anserlnus, English Mercury, Allgood,
Angular-leaved goosefoot, Mercury goosefoot, Good
King Henry, (¥.) AnsSrine Bon Henri, Epinard
sauvage.  The leaves are  emollient, and  have
been  applied to ulcers, Ac.  It has also been con-
sidered refrigerant and eccoprotic.
  Chenopo'dium  Botrys, Ambri'na Botrya, Bo-
trya,  B. vulga'ria,  Ambro'aia, Artemia'ia  Cheno-
po'dium,   Alriplex odora'ta  seu  suav'eolens;
Jeruaalem Oak, (Eng.), (F.) AnaSrine Botrya, pos-
sesses anthelmintic properties,  and  was  once
given in diseases of the chest, palsy, Ac.  It is
useless.
  Chenopo'dium Fcetidum, Chenopodium vulva-
ria—c. Olidum, Ch. vulvaria.
  Chenopo'dium Quinoa, Quinua.   A nutritious,
wholesome, and agreeable article  of food with the
Peruvians.  The leaves, before the plant attains
maturity, are eaten  as spinach: but the seeds are
most generally used as food,  boiled in milk or
broth, and sometimes cooked with  cheese and
Spanish pepper.
  Chenopodium Sagittatum, Ch. Bonus  Henri-
cus—c. Suffructicosum, Ch. ambrosioides.
  Chenopodium Vulva'ria  seu foe'tidum  seu
olidum, Alriplex fce'tida seu olida, Vulva'ria,
Garoe'mum, Raphex,  Stinking Orache or Goose-
foot, (¥.)  Vulvaire, Arroche puant, AnaSrine fS-
tide.   The  fetid smell has  occasioned it to  be
used as an  antispasmodic and nervine.
  CHEOPINA, Cheopine.
  CHEQUERBERRY, Gaultheria.
  CHERAMIS, Cheme.
  CHERBACHEM, Veratrum album.
  CHERBAS, Lettuce.
  CHERMES,'Kermes — c. Mineral, Antimonii
sulphuretum praecipitatum, and  A. sulphuretum
rubrum.
  CHERNIBIUM,  Urinal.
  CHERRY, BIRD,  Prunus padus —c.  Choke,
Prunus Virginiana—c. Ground, Physalis viscosa.
  Cherry  Tree, Red, Prunus cerasus—c. Tree,
black, Prunus  avium—e. Tree, wild, Prunus Vir-
giniana—c. Water, Kirschwasser.
  Cherry, Wild Cluster, Prunus padus — c.
Winter, Physalis.
  CHERS^E, Fasces.
  CHER VI, Sium sisarum.
  CHERVIL,  Scandix cerefolium—c. Wild, Chae-
rophyllum  sylvestre.
  CHESIS, from xtbLV> '*0 S° t° stool.' A more
frequent desire to evacuate the bowels.
  CHEST,  Thorax — c. Explorator, see Explo-
rator, chest.
  CHEST-MEASURER, SIBSON'S.  An  in-
strument, described  by Dr. Sibson,  which is used
for determining the mobility of the chest.  It is a
species of  spring,  which,  when  applied  to the
parietes of  the chest, measures the  modifications
of its  diameters, and indicates, by the motion of 
CHEST, NARROW.
196
CHINCHUNCnULLI
the index hand on a dial, any movement of re-
spiration, to the hundredth of an inch.
  CHEST, NARROW, see Lordosis.
  CHESTNUT TREE, Fagus castanea.
  OHEVAUCHEMENT (¥.), Os'sium superpo-
sil'io seu equita'tio,  Parallax'is,  Parallag'ma.
From chevaucher, (cheval, 'a horse'), 'to ride on
horseback.'  The riding of one bone over another
after fracture, giving rise to shortening of the
limb.  See Riding of Bones.
  CHEVELURE, Scalp.
  CHEVESTRE,  Chevetre, Capis'trum,  (from
caput, 'the head.')  A  bandage, applied round
the head in coses of fracture or luxation of the
lower jaw.  According to the mode in which it is
made, it is called simple, double, oblique, Ac.
  CHEVEU, Capillus.
  CHEVILLE DU PIED,  Malleolus.
  CHEVREFEUILLE,  Lonicera  periclyme-
num.
  CHE VR OTAINP OR TE-MUSC, see Musk.
  CHE YROTANTE ( VOIX), EgophoDy.
  CHEWING, Mastication.
  CHEYLETUS SCABIEI, see Psora.
  CHEZANAN'CE, from xc$°>>  'I go to  stool,'
and avayxn, ' necessity.'  An ointment composed
of honey and alum, and rubbed  on the anus to
occasion evacuations.—Paulus of iEgina.
  CHIA, Chia terra, from Chios, an island where
it was found. A kind of white  earth, formerly
used for burns.—Galen.
  CHI'ACUM COLLYR'IUM. A eollyrium con-
sisting of several drugs and  Chian wine.—Paulus
of iEgina.
  CHIADUS, Furunculus.
  CHIAS'MUS, Chias'ma,  Chiasm,  from  X'a?w>
to form like the letter %.  The crucial union of
parts,—as the optic commisaure or chiaam of the
optio nerve,—Chias'mus seu Chias'ma nervo'rum
xiptico'rum.
  CHIASTER,  Kiaster.
   CHIAS'TOS.  Same etymon.   A  bandage, so
called because  it resembles the letter x-—Ori-
basius.
   CHIBOU, see Bursera gummifera.
   CHICHA.  A drink made in Peru with Indian
meal dried in the sun, and fermented with water.
Its taste is that of bad cider.   It is also made
from rice, peas, barley, Ac.
   CHICK'S SPRINGS, see  South Carolina,
mineral waters of.
   CHICKEN-BREASTED, see Lordosis.
   CHICKEN-BROTH.   When  chicken-tea is
boiled down one-half, with the addition of a little
 parsley or celery, and the yolk of an egg previ-
 ously beaten up in two ounces  of soft water, it
forms a soup much relished by the convalescent.
   CHICKEN-PEPPER, Ranunculus abortivus.
   CHICKENPOX, Varicella.
   CHICKEN-TEA, Chicken-water.  This may be
 prepared as follows:  Take a small chicken, freed
 from the skin and fat between the muscles; and
 having  divided it longitudinally,  remove the
 lungs, liver, and  every thing adhering  to the
 back and side-bones :  cut the whole—bones and
 muscles — into very thin slices ; put into a pan
 with a sufficient quantity of boiling water; cover
 the  pan; and simmer with a slow  fire  for two
 hours.  Put the pan  upon the stove for half an
 hour, and strain through a sieve.
   f-ed where the lightest animal diet is indicated.
   CHICKEN-WATER, Chicken-tea.
   CHICKENWORT, Alsine media.
   CHICKWEED, Alsine media—c. Water, Cal-
 litricha verna.
   CHICOREE DES JARDINS, Ciehorium  en-
 divia—c. Sauvage, Ciehorium intybus.
   CHICORY, Ciehorium intybus.
  CHICOT, Stump [of a tooth).
  CH ICO TIN (¥.).   The bitter powder or ju:e«
of the colocynth, with which the nurse, at times,
rubs her nipple when desirous of weaning an
infant.
  CHIENDENT, Triticnm  repens —c Rouge,
Sarsaparilla Germanica.
  CHIGGO, Chique.
  CHIGGRE, Chique.
  CHIGOE, Chique.
  CHILBLADDER, Chilblain.
  CHIL'BLAIN, (Prov.) Chilbladdcr,  Per'nio,
Bugan'tia,  Erythe'ma Per'nio seu  i  Fri'gori,
Cheimet'lon, Chimet'lum,  Chimon, Make,  from
chill, 'cold,' and blain, 'a pustule.'  (F.) Enge.
lure.  An erythematous inflammation of the feet,
hands, Ac, occasioned by cold.  It is very com-
mon in youth—not so in the adult or in advanced
age.  It  is apt to degenerate into painful, indo-
lent ulcerations, called Kibes, (Sc) Mules. Chil-
blains are prevented by accustoming the parts to
exposure ; and are treated by stimulant, terebin-
tbinate,  and balsamic washes, ointments,  and
liniments.
  CHILD,  Infans.
  CHILD-BEARING, Parturition.
  CHILD-BED, Parturient, Parturition.
  CHILD-BED FEVER, Puerperal fever.
  CHILD-BIRTH, Parturition.
  CHILD-CROWING, Asthma thymicum.
  CHILDHOOD, Infancy.
  CHILD-ILL, Parturition.
  CHILD-MURDER, Infanticide.
  CHILDREN'S BANE, Cicuta maculata.
  CHILI,  CLIMATE OF, see Lima.
  Chili, Mineral Waters op.  The most cele-
brated mineral springs of Chili, in South Ame-
rica, are  those of Peldehues and Cauquenes.  The,
former are not far from St. Jago. They consist
of two springs, one thermal, the other cold.  The
hot spring  is clear, inodorous,  and contains soda
and carbonic acid. The cold spring contains  iron
and sulphate  of soda.  Cauquenes is much re-
sorted to by invalids  during the summer. Mine-
ral waters  are very common in Chili.  Those of
Apoquindo, Colina, and  Cauquenes, have been
analyzed by Prof. J. Lawrence  Smith, M.D.
  CHILIOGRAMMA, Kilogramme.
  CHILIOPHYLLON, Achillea millefolium.
  CHILITES,  Cheilitis.
  CHILL, Rigor.                '
   CHILLI, Capsicum.
  CHI'LON, Chellon, Cheilitis, from xei*°f<<a
lip.'  Inflammation  of the lips. —Vogel.   One
who has a  thick lip;  Labeo, Labea.
   CniLOPLASTICE, Cheiloplastice.
   CHIMAPHILA, Pyrola uinbellata—c. Umbel-
lata, Pyrola umbellata.
   CHIMETLUM, Chilblain.
   CniMIA, Chymistry.
   CHIMIATER, Chymiater.
   CHIMIATRtA, Chymiatria.
   CHIMIE, Chymistry.
   CHIMISME, Chymism.
   CHIMISTE, Chymist.
   CHIMON, Chilblain, Cold.
   CHINA, Cinchona, Smilax  china — c. Ameri-
 can  or  West  India,  Smilax  pseudo-china —c.
 Calisaya, Cinchonae  cordifoliae cortex — c. Occi-
 dentalis,  Smilax  pseudo-china — c. Oriental^)
 Smilax china—c. Pohderosa,  Smilax china—c.
 Regia, Cinchonae eordifoliaB  cortex — c. Root,
 Smilax china—c. Spuria nodosa, Smilax pseado-
 china—c. Vera, Smilax china.
   CHINCAPIN, Fagus  castanea  pumila-*
 Water, Nelumbium luteum.
   CHINCHE,  Cimex.
   CHINCHINA, Cinchona.
   CHINCHUNCHULLI. Tonidinm marcucci. 
CHINCOUGH             197               CHLIAROS
  CHINCOUGH, Pertussis.
  CHINESE, MED'ICINE OF THE, Medicina
 8in'ica.  Medicine  has been long, but most im-
 perfectly, practised by the Chinese.  From their
 therapeutics we have obtained the old operations
 of acupuncture and moxibustion.
  CHING'S WORM  LOZENGES, «see  Worm
 Lozenges, Ching's.
  CH IXI DIN, Quinidia.
  CHINIXUM, Quinine.   See Chinium.
  CHINIO'IDINE, Chino'idine, Chinoidlna,
 Chinoidin, Quino'id'ine, Quinoid'in,  Qui'nodin;
 from China, 'Cinchona.' A substance  presumed
 to be an alkaloid by Serturner, who separated it
 from cinchona.   It  has been supposed to be a
 mixture of quinia, cinchonia, and a peculiar  re-
 sinous matter, but according to Liebig it is simply
 the alkaloid quinia in an amorphous state—amor-
 phous quinia.
   CHINIUM ACETICUM, Quiniae acetas —c.
 Arsenicosum, Quiniae arsenias—c. Citricum, Qui-
 niae citras—c Ferrocyanogenatum, Quiniae Fer-
 rocyanas — c. Hydrochloricum,  Quiniae  murias
 — c. Hydroiodicuin, Quiniae hydriodas — c. Lac-
 ticum,  Quiniae lactas — c. Muriaticum,  Quiniae
 murias — c. Xitricum, Quiniae nitras — c Phos-
 phoricum, Quiniae phosphas—c. Salitum, Quiniae
 murias — c Sulphuricum,  Quiniae  sulphas — c.
 Tannicum, Quinias  et CinchoniaB  tannas—c. Va-
 lerianicum, Quinia} valerianas.
   CHINNEYWEED, Lichen roccella.
   CHINOLEINUM, Leukoleinum.
   CHINQUAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila.
   CHINWHELK, Sycosis.
   CHIOCOCCiE RADIX, Caincae radix.
   CHIOLI, Furunculus.
   CHION, Snow.
   CHIONAN'THUS VIRGIN'ICA, Fringe Tree,
 Snowdrop Tree; indigenous; Nat. Ord. Oleaceae;
' from xt0>v' 'snow,'  and av$os, 'a  flower.'  An
 infusion of the root has been used  as  an antipe-
 riodic and tonic.
   CHIQUE (¥.), Puce pSnStrante, Pulex Pen-
 etrans,  Dermatoph'ilus, Sarcopsylla pen'etrans,
 Tick, Chiggre,  Chig'oe,  Chiggo, Chegre, Cheg'oe,
 Jigger.  A small insect in  America and the An-
 tilles, which gets under the epidermis, and excites
 great irritation.
   CHIR, Manus, see Cheir.
   CHIRAETA, Gentiana chirayta.
   CHI'RAGRA,  from  xu9> 'band,' and aypa, 'a
 seizure.'  Gout in the hand.
   CHIRAPOTHECA, Arsenal.
   CHIRAPSIA,  Friction.
  _ CHIRARTHRI'TIS, from x^'P, 'hand,' apdpov,
 'joint,' and itia, denoting inflammation. Inflam-
 mation of the joints of the hand.
   CHIRAYITA, Gentiana  chirayta.
   CHIRAYTA, Gentiana chirayta.
   CHIRETTA, Gentiana chirayta.
   CHIRHEUMA, Chirrheuma.
   CHIRIATER, Surgeon.
   CHIRIATRIA, Surgery.
   CHIRIMOYA, Anona tripetala.
   CHIRISIS. Surgery.
   CHIRLSMUS, Surgery.
   CHIRIXIS, Surgery.
   CHIROCYRTO'SIS, from x"P,  'the hand,'and
 Kvpruuns, 'crookedness.' Crookedness of the hand.
   CIU'ROMANCY, Chiromantla,   Vaticin'ium
 thiroman'ticum, Palm't'atry, from xtlP< 'the band,'
 and pavrtta, 'divination.' (F.)  Chiromancie.  Art
 of divinin? by  inspection of the hand.
  CHIROXAX, Surgeon.
  CHIRO'XIA, (from Chiron, xtipov,  the Cen-
 taur, who is said to have discovered its use.)  A
 genus of plants.   Ord. Gentianaceae.   Also, Ta-
 tus communis.
  Chiro'nia Angula'ris, Amer'ican  Centaury,
Roeepink, Wild Suc'cory,  Bitterbloom,  Gentry
Sabba'tia,  S.  Angula'ria.  Every  part  of this
plant is a pure and strong bitter, which property
is communicated alike to alcohol and water.   It
is used as a tonic and stomachic.
  Chiro'nia  Centauri'um,  Centauri'um minus
seu vulga're seu parvum, Gentia'na centauri'um
seu  Gerar'di,  Erythra'a  Centauri'um,  Hippo-
centaure'a centauri'um,  Centaure'um, Centau'ria,
Smaller or Leaaer Cent'aury, Europe'an Centaury,
(F.) CentaurSe petite, Herbe au centaure  ou d la
filvre.   The tops of the  lesser Centaury, Centau'-
rii  Cacu'mina,  are aromatic and tonic, and  are
sometimes employed as such.
  Chiro'nia  Chilen'sis, Gentia'na  Cachen-
lahuen, Cachen-laguen, Chachinlagua,  Chancela-
gua, Erythra'a  Chilenaia, Gentia'na Peruvia'na.
A very bitter plant, indigenous in Chili.  It pos-
sesses the virtues of the Chironea.   Given in in-
fusion—(i|j, to  water Oj.)
  CHIRONI'UM, from  xtlP0V> <Da<J, malignant.'
An ulcer difficult of cure:—of a swollen,  hard.
and callous nature. — Galen.  Some have sup-
posed  the word to come from Chiron, the Cen-
taur, who was unable to cure such ulcers.
  CHIRONOMIA, Cheironomia.
  CHIROPODALGIA, Acrodynia.
  CHIROP'ODIST,  (F.) Ptdicure.   One who
treats  diseases  of the hands and fast, or rather
whose  profession it is to remove corns and bun-
yons;  from xa9> ' the hand,' and n-ouf, noios, ' the
foot.'
  CHIRORRHEUMA, Chirrheuma.
  CHIROSIS, Subactio.
  CHIROSTROPHO'SIS, from X"P, 'the hand,'
and arptiptiv, ' to turn.'   Distortion of the hand.
  CHIROTIIE'CA, from X"Pt  'the band,' and
QnKn, 'a sheath.' A bandage for the hand.  A kind
of  bandage in  which the fingers and hand  are
enveloped in spiral turns. When the whole hand
and fingers are covered, it is called the double or
complete Chirotheca,  Ch.  comple'ta,  Vittctilra
omnibue  dig"itis;  and  when  only a finger is
covered, the half or incomplete, Oh. incompWta,
 Vincttt'ra pro uno dig"ito.  See Gantelet.
  CHIROTRI'BIA, from ^"p, 'the hand,' and
rpiBu, ' I rub.'   Friction  with the hand.  Accord-
ing to  others, dexterity  in an art.—nippocrates,
Galen.
  CHIRRHEU'MA,  Chirorrheu'ma, Rheumatis'-
mua manus, from xe'P>' the hand,' and pevua, 'flux.'
Rheumatism of the hand.
  CHIRURGEON, Surgeon.
  CHIRURGI  PHYSICI, see Surgeon.
  CHIRURGIA,  Surgery—c.  Anaplastica, Mo-
rioplastice—c. Curtorum, Morioplastice—c. Infu-
soria,  Infusion  of  Medicines—c. Militaris, Sur-
gery, military—c Transfusoria, Transfusion.
  CHIRURGICAL, Surgical.
  CHIRURGICUS, Surgical.
  CHIRURGIE, Surgery—c. Mililaire, Surgery,
military.
  CHIRURGIEN, Surgeon—c. Conaultant, Con-
sulting Surgeon—c. Hernieux, see Hernial.
  OHIRURGIQUE,  Surgical.
  CHIRURGUS, Surgeon.
  CHIST.  An Arabic word which signifies the
sixth part.   The sixth  part of the Congius or
gallon.
  CHITON, Tunic.
  CHITONISCUS, Indusium.
  CHITTICK'S NOSTRUM, see Nostrum.
  CHIUM  VINUM.  From  Chios, the  island
where it was produced; Chian wine; used by the
physicians of antiquity in cases of defluxions and
ophthalmia?.—Scribonius Largus.
  CHLI'AROS, ^Xtapoj,  ' tepid.'  A name given
to slight fevers,  in which the heat is not great-
Galen. 
CHLIASMA
1 9 8
CHOAVA
  CHLIAS'MA, x^KKrua, same etymon.  A tepid
and moist fomentation.—Hippocrates.
  CHLOAS'MA, Pityrlaaia  veraic'olor, Mitc'-
ttla  hepat'ica,  Pannua hepat'icue,  Hepat'izon,
Phaze, Pha'cea, Phacua, (¥.)  Tachea hSpatiquea,
Chaleura dnfoie, EphSlide acorbutique, Liverapot,
from x^°°s> 'a greenish-yellow  colour, verdure.'
A cutaneous affection,  characterized by one or
more broad, irregular-shaped patches, of a yellow
or yellowish-brown  colour, occurring most fre-
quently on  the front of the neck, breast, abdo-
men, and groins.  The  patches  do not generally
rise  above the surface.  There  is usually  some
degree of itching.  A cryptogamous growth has
been found in  it, to which M. Robin gives the
name Micros'poron furfur.
  The causes are not very evident.  Sulphur ex-
ternally— in any and every form — generally re-
moves it speedily.   Should there be difficulty,
the external use of the remedy in baths or fumi-
gations may succeed.
  CHLOASMA ALBUM, Achroma.
  CHLORA, Chlorine.
  CHLORAS  KALICUS  DEPURATUS,  Po-
tassa? murias hyperoxygenatus.
  CHLORASMA, Chlorosis.
   CHLORE, Chlorine—c. Liquide,  see Chlorine.
   CHLORETHERIDE, Chloroform.
  CHLORETUM CALCARI2E, Calcis chloridum.
  CHLORIASIS, Chlorosis.
  CHLORIC ETHER, CONCENTRATED, see
Ether,  chloric — c.  Ether,  strong,  see Ether,
chloric.
  CHLORIDE  OF  BROMINE,  see Bromine,
chloride of.
   CHLORINE, from x^poii 'green.' Chlo'rinum,
 Chlorin'ium,  Chlora,  Oxymurialic Acid  Gas,
 Orygena'ted Muriatic Acid Gas, Dephlogisticated
Marine Acid, Ilalogene, Mu'rigene,  Chlorum, (¥.)
 Ch/ore.   So far as we know,  this is an  element-
ary  substance.  It is a greenish, yellow gas,  of
a strong suffocating smeli, and disagreeable taste:
incapable of maintaining combustion and respira-
tion, and very soluble  in water.   One of its cha-
racteristics is,  that of destroying, almost imme-
diately,  all vegetable and  animal colours.  It  is
employed in fumigations as a powerful disinfect-
ing  agent.  A very dilute  solution, Aqua seu Li-
 quor Chlo'rini, Chlorin'ii Liquor (Ph. D.), Chlo-
rin'ei aqua (Ph. E.), Chlorine water,  (¥.) Chlore
 liquide, has been administered internally, in cer-
 tain cases  of  diarrhoea and  chronic  dysentery.
 Immersion of  the hands and  arms in it  has often
 removed itch and other cutaneous affections.   It
 has also been inhaled in a dilute state in the early
 stage of phthisis,  but it is of  doubtful efficacy,
 and is better adapted for chronic bronchitis.
   Chlorine,  Bisulphuret  op,  Sulphur,  chlo-
 ride of.        •  ,
   CHLORO-ANEMIE, Chlorosis.
   CHLO'ROFORM, Chloroform'urn, Chloroform'-
 ium,  Carbo'neum   chlora'tum,  Superchlo'ridum
 foriuyl'icum,  Perchloride  and   Terchloride  of
 Formgl, Chloroform'yl, called also, but not cor-
 rectly, Terchloride  of Carbon, and Chloric ether,
 JEther chla'ricns; — (F.) Chloroforme, ChlorSthS-
 ride, so called on account of the connexion of chlo-
 rine with formic acid,  is a colourless, oleaginous
 liquid, of a sweetish ethereal odour, hot, aroma-
 tic, and peculiar taste.  The specific gravity of
 that  of the Ph. U. S. is 1.49.   It  may be ob-
 tained by distilling from a mixture of chlorinated
 lime and alcohol,—rectifying the product by  re-
  distillation, first from a great excess of chlori-
  nated lime, and afterwards from strong sulphuric
  acid. It has been used with advantage in asthma,
  and in diseases in which a grateful soothing agent
  '•s required.  Dose i^ss to fjj, diluted with water.
It has likewise been prescribed with great sncce^
as an  anaesthetic agent in spasmodic diseases;
and to obtund sensibility in surgical operations
and  in  parturition, — especially in  the  way of
inhalation;  but  its use  requires  caution. See
Anaesthetic.
  Chloroform, Tincture op, Ether, chloric.
  CHLOROFORMIZA'TION, Chlorofvimitn Uo
The aggregate of  anaesthetic phenomena occa-
sioned by the inhalation of chloroform.
  CHLOROFORMYL, Chloroform.
  CHLORO'MA, from xA("P°f» 'green.'  A pecu-
liar form of tumour containing a yellow green
substance, which  takes the place, at times, of
muscles  and periosteum.
  CHLOROPHYLL, Fecula, green.
  CHLORO'SIS, from  xXu>P°s> 'green,' Pal'lidvi
Morbua,  Fadtta Vir'ginum color, Pal'lidtta color
virgin'eua, Pallor vir'ginum, Icteril'ia alba, It'.
tenia albne,  Leucopathla, Morbua  virgin'eua sea
Parthen'iua, Fundi colo'rea, Dyspep'aia chloro'tit,
Febria amato'ria, Cachex'ia seu Febris rir'yinum,
Febria alba, Anepithym'ia chloro'aia, Chloral ma,
 Chloroa'ma,  Chlori'asie, Citto'aia, Greensickness,
(¥.) Chloroae, Pdlea-couleura,  Chloro-anSmie. A
disease which  affects young females, more parti-
cularly those who  have not menstruated. It is
characterized by a pale, lurid complexion, languor,
listlessness, depraved appetite and digestion, pal-
pitation, Ac.   The disease  generally goes off on
the occurrence of the menstrual flux; but some-
times it is long before  this is established, and, at
times, the catamenia are in much larger quantity
than usual.   To this last form M. Trousseau has
given the name chloroae hSmorrhagiqite.
   The blood  of chlorosis is generally thin, light-
coloured and deficient in red corpuscles; and,ac-
 cording to Piorry, in iron, — achalybhSmie ; and
 the clot is in less proportion to the serum than in
health.   On  auscultation, a  bellows' sound has
been almost  invariably detected over the heart,
and a  continuous blowing sound in the larger
 arteries, (especially the carotids and subclavian!,)
re-enforced by each systole of the ventricle, and
resembling the buzzing of a humming-top, the
cooing of doves,  the whistling  of air'through a
key-hole, Ac, (see Bruit.)   Very similar soundi
are  heard in the  arteries  after copious hemor-
rhage :  they seem, therefore,  to coincide with en-
feebled  circulation.
   Tonics — as iron — are usually required in the
 treatment, — the  disease most commonly occur-
 ring in those in whom there is considerable torpor
 of the system.
   Chlorosis  JEthiopum,  Chthonophagia — c.
 Amatoria, Hectic fever—c. Gigantea, see Poly-
 sarcia.
   CHLOROSMA, Chlorosis.
   CHLOROT'IC,  Chlorolicue,  (¥.) Chlorotiqtu.
 Affected with chlorosis, or pertaining to chlorosii;
 —as chlorotic female, chlorotic symptoms, Ac.
   CnLORUM, Chlorine.
   CHLORURE  DE  CARBON, Chloroform-
 c. d'Or, Gold, Muriate of.
   CHLORURETUM  AMMONICCM, Ammoni*
 murias—c. Oxidi Calcii, Calcis chloridum.
   CHOA, Chu.
   CHOA'CUM EMPLAS'TRUM NIGRUM.  A
 black plaster, mentioned by Celsus, and composed
 of equal parts of litharge and resin.  The litharge
 was first boiled in oil.
   CHOAK, Cynanehe trachealis —c. Wolf, Ly-
 canche.
   CHOANA,  Pelvis —c. Cerebri, Infundibalum
 of the brain.
   CHOAXE, Infundibulum.
   CHOANORRHAGIA, Epistaxis
   CHOAVA, Coffea Arabica. 
CHOCOLAT
199       CHOLERA-EUROPE'EN
   CI10C0LA T, sec Chocolate.                 I
   CHOCOLATA, Chocolate—c cum Osmazoma, I
 see Osmazoine—c. Salutis, see Chocolate—c Sim- |
 plex, see Chocolate.                            |
   CHOCOLATE,  Chocola'tum, Chocola'ta, Sue- ;
 colu'ta, Siiccocolla'ta.   Dr. Alston says, that this
 word'  is  compounded  from  two  East Indian ,
 words: — choco, 'sound,'  and atte, 'water,'  be- |
 cause of the noise made in its preparation [ ? ].  An ,
 alimentary paste prepared from the kernels of |
 Theobro'ma cacao  or  Cacao, with  sugar,  and j
 often  aromatics.  (See Cacao.)   The  chocolate |
 tiius simply prepared — as it is met with, indeed,
 hi commerce — is  called in France, Chocolat de \
 smite, Chocola'ta aimplex  seu Salu'tia.   It is not J
* very easy of digestion.
   The chocolat a la canille contains three ounces
 of vanilla and two of cinnamon to twenty pounds
 of common chocolate.   The addition of the aro-
 matic renders it somewhat more digestible.  Cho-
 colates may likewise be medicated.
   CHOCOLATE, OSMAZOME, see Osraazome.
   CHOCOLATE ROOT,  Geum rivale, G. Virgi-
 nianum.
   CHOCUS, Chu.
    CHCEXICIS, Trepan.
    CHG3NI0N, Cord.
    CIKENOS, Cord.
    CHffiRADO'DES, from xoipas, xoiPa&°s< 'scro-
 fula,' and ttios, ' resemblance.'  Of the nature of
 Bcrofula.   Affected with scrofula.
    CHODRAS, Scrofula.
    CHOIROS, Vulva.
    CHOKE CHERRY, Prunus Virginiana —c.
 Dimp, Carbonic acid.
    CHOKES, Throat.
    CHOLA, Chole.
    CHOLjE'MIA, Cholha'mia, Choliha'mia, from
 X"Xii, ' bile,' and 'aipa, ' blood.'  A  morbid state,
 in which bile exists in the blood.   Jaundice.
    CHOLAGO,  Cholas.
    CHOL'AGOGUE, Cfwlago'gua,  Chole'goa, Fel-
 lid'uctta, Bilit'icus, from ^oXij, ' bile,' and ayu>, ' I
 expel.'  The ancients  give this name  to cathar-
 tics, which were reputed to cause the flow of bile.
    CHOLANSIS, Cholosis.
    CHOLAS, x°Xas, plur. x°^'lScs-   Chola'go.  The
 epigastric region.   The intestines.—Homer.
    CHOLASMA, Cholosis.
    CHOLE, Cholue, Chola, 'bile,' in composition.
 Hence:
    CHOLEC'CHYSIS, Cholen'chysie; from ^oXr/,
 'bile,' and ty^uo-is, 'effusion.' Effusion of bile.
    CHOLECYST, Gall-bladder.
    CHOLECYSTEURYS'MA, from  x°*v> 'bi.le-'
 kvutis, 'bladder,' and tvpvo-pa, 'dilatation.'  Dila-
 tation of the gall-bladder.
    CHOLECYSTI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Veal ca fell-
 ea, I. eyat'idia fell'ea, Cystitis fel'lea, Hepatitis
 cyst'ieu, from  ;y;oXr;, ' bile,' and Kvo-rts, ' bladder.'
 (F.) Inflammation de  la  VSsicule du F'u-/,-» CholS-
 cystite.  Inflammation of the gall-bladder.
    CHOL'EDOCH,  Choled'ochna,   (¥.) _ OholS-
 doque, from x°^ii' bile,' and ioxos>' containing or
 receiving.'  The Ductua choledochua seu hep'nto-
 ct/a'ticua, Ductus communis choledochua, (¥.) Con-
 duit ou Canal  Choledoquc, is the  duct formed by
 the union of the hepatic  and cystic ducts, which
 pours thehepatio and cystic bile into the  duodenum.
    CHOLEDOCI'TIS, from choledochua, and itis ;
 a suffix  denoting inflammation.   Inflammation
  of the oholedoch duct.
    CHOLEDOG'RAPHY, CJtoledogra'phia,  Cho-
  legraph'ia, Gkolograph'ia. from  x°^n'  'bile,' and
 ypaipttv, 'to describe.'   A description of what re-
 lates to the bile and biliary organs.
    CIIOLEDOL'OGY, Choledolog"ia, Chole-
  log"ia, Chololog"ia, from x»)"i) 'bile,'  and Xoyos, \
' a discourse.'  A treatise on the bile and biliary
organs.
  CHOLEDOQUE, Choledoch.
  CHOLEGOS, Cholagogue.
  CHOLEGRAPHIA, Choledography.
  CHOLEH/EMIA, Icterus.
  CIIOLEIA, Claudication.
  CHOLELITHIA, Cysthepatolithiasis—c. Icte-
rus, Icterus.
  CHOLELITHIASIS, Cysthepatolithiasis.
  CHOLELITHUS, Calculi, biliary.
  CHOLELOGIA, Choledology.
  CHOLEMES'IA, Cholem'eaia, from  x°H
'bile,' and tptais,  'vomiting.'   Vomiting of bile.
  CHOLENCHYSIS, Cholecchysis.
  CHOLEPYRA, Fever, bilious.
  CHOLEPYRETUS, Fever, bilious.
  CHOLEPYRRIN, see Bile.
  CHOLER, Bile.   Anger was supposed to be
produced  by a superabundance  of bile; hence
the term Choler for anger.
  CHOL'ERA, Choiera-morhua,  Cholera noatras
seu vulga'ris, Sporad'ic Cholera, Cholerrha'gia,
Pas'sio choler'ica, Fellif'lua passio, Morbus fel-
lif'luua,  Hoi era, Bilia fittx'io,  (F.)  Choladree
lymphatique, HydrocholadrSe, CholSra-morbuaapo-
radique, Ch. EuropSen, Trousae-galant, from x°^''>
'bile,'  and ptu>,   'I  flow.'  According  to others,
from ^oXa<3«, ' intestines,'  or  from x^Q01!  ' the
gutter of a house  to carry off the rain.'  Tbe
higher degrees have been called Centroganglii'tu,
MyelogangliV'tis,  and Hologangli'i'tis.   A disease
characterized by  anxiety, gripings, spasms in tho
legs and  arms,  and by vomiting and purging
(generally bilious:) vomiting   and purging are,
indeed, the  essential symptoms.   The disease is
most common in  hot climates,—and in temperate
climates,  during  summer.  Spasmod'ic, Asialic,
Malig'nant, Indian, Epidem'ic, Pcstiten'tial, Con-
vulsive  Nervoua,  Eastern, or  Orient'al Cholera,
Asphyx'ia pestiletlta,  Pestilen'tial   asphyx'ia,
Choleric Pft'ilence, Cholera orienta'lis seu Itl-
dica seu Epidem'ica seu Asphyx'ia, Typhus Beu-
galen'aia,  Choiero-typhns, Ganglionitisperipher'-
ica et  medulla'ris,  Hymenogangliltie,  Pantogan-
gliltis, Cholerrhce'a  lymphat'ica, Psorenter'ia,
Achol'ia, Typhoid Fever of India, Hyperanthrax'is,
Enterop'yra   Asialiea,  Trisplanch'nia,   Tria-
p/anchnltia, Hamataporrho'aia, Hamatorrho'ais,
Morbus ory'zeua,  Rice diaeaae, (because supposed
by Tytler to  be  caused by damaged  rice,) (F.)
Mort de Chien, is frightful in  the rapidity of its
progress,  the patient sometimes  dying in  a  few
hours  from the  first  onset.   In  temperate  cli-
mates, common  cholera is not usually a disease
of much consequence,  It requires that the  sto-
mach and bowels should be cleared,  and  after-
wards the irritation be allayed by full doses of
opium.   In malignant cholera, large doses of calo-
mel, with opiates, form the great reliance of many
practitioners.  In the worst forms, however,  it
runs its course, unmodified by treatment.
   CHOLERA EUR OPE EN,  see Cholera —o.
Indian, see Cholera—c. Indica, see Cholera.
   Chol'era  Infan'tum,  Choleric Fever of In-
fanta ;  Cholera  of Infanta.  A disease so  termed
by American physicians.  It  occurs, generally,
in the middle states  of the Union,  in June or
July,  and continues  during  the hot weather,
hence called the  ' summer complaint.'  The chief
symptoms are vomiting, purging" of green or
yellow matter, slime or blood,  attended with pain
or uneasiness; and swelling of the abdomen, with
some pyrexia, generally.  The heat of the wea-
ther seems to be  the predisposing, if not the ex-
citing, cause.   It is a fatal disease in  towns;  dif-
fering little, if at all, from what is vulgarly called
the Watery Gripes in England.  Clearing, gently. 
CHOLERAIC             200         CHONDRO-XIPHOID
  the alimentary canal, so as to remove the offend- ]
  ing matter, and  then  exhibiting chalk  mixture
  and laudanum, with  counter-irritants, as  sina-
  pisms  to  the  abdomen, is the most satisfactory
  plan of treatment.
    Cholera, Malignant, see Cholera—c. Morbus,
  Cholera — c. Morbua Sporcidique,  see Cholera —
  c. Nostras, Cholera morbus—c. Oriental, see Cho-
| lera—o. Pestilential, see Cholera—c. Poison, see
' Poison—o. Spasmodic, see Cholera—c.  Sporadic,
  see Cholera—c.  Sec, Cholera sicca—c.  Vulgaris,
. Cholera morbus.
    Chol'era Sicca,  (F.)  CholSra  sec.  Pneuma-
  tosis of the digestive passages in which  there is a
  copious discharge of gas upwards and downwards.
    CHOLERAIC, Choleric.
    CHOLERAPHOBIA, Choleromania.
    CHOL'ERIC, Choler'icus, (¥.) CholSrique. Be-
  longing to bile; also to cholera; Cholera'ic,—as the
  ' choleric  or choleraic virus.'  The French use the
  term Filvre cholSr-ique for the fever accompanying
  cholera.
    Choleric Fever op  Infants, Cholera infan-
  tum.
    Choleric Temp'erament.   The  bilious tem-
  perament.
    CIIOL'ERINE, (F.) CholSrine.  A diminutive
  of cholera.  The first stage of epidemic cholera;
  also, the  precursory symptoms of cholera.
    CHOLERIQUE, Choleric.
    CHOL'EROiD, Choleroi'dea, from cholera, and
  ttios, 'resemblance.'   Resembing cholera; as a
  ' choleroid affection.'
    CHOLEROMA'NIA,  Cholerapho'bia, Cholero-
  pho'bia,  from cholera and mania.  A dread of
  ckjlera to such an  extent that the individual
  fancies himself affected or threatened by it. '
    CHOLEROPHOBIA, Choleromania.
    CHOLEROPHO'NE, from cholera, and <buivn,
  ' voice.'   The peculiar voice of one in cholera.
    CHOLEROPROSO'PON,   Cholcrop'aia,  from
  cholera, and rrpoaiairov,' countenance.'  The facial
  expression of cholera.
    CHOLEROPSIS, Choleroprosopon.
    CHOLERO-TYPHUS, Cholera, (spasmodic.)
    CHOLERRHAGIA, Cholera.
    CHOLERRHCEA LYMPHATICA, Cholera.
    CHOLESTEARINOMA, Cholesteatoma.
    CHOLESTEATINE,  Cholesterin.
    CHOLESTEATOMA, from  x°*n, 'bile,' and
  eieatoma.  An encysted tumour,  which presents
  upon  the interior  of the cyst several  superim-
  posed layers of cholesterin, which  glisten like
  pearl.  Hence it was named by Cruveilheir  the
  laminated nacreous fatty tumour.
    CHOL'ESTERIN,  Choieaterine, Choleateri'na,
  Ckolosteri'na, Cholestearine,  Choleateatine, from
  X«Xn, 'bile,' and ortptos. 'solid,' or  artap, 'suet.'
  Ad'ipocire, Choline.   An inodorous,  insipid sub-
  stance, in white,  shining scales; fusible and crys-
  tallizing, on cooling, in  radiated fibres.  Soluble
  in alcohol.  It forms  the crystalline part of cer-
  tain biliary calculi.   See Adipocire.
    Cholesterin Disease, see Lardaceous.
    CHOLEUMA, Cholosis.
    CHOLH^IMIA, Chokeniia.
    CHOLIA, Cholosis.
    CHOLICE'LE,  from ^oXi,,  'bile,' and KnXv,
 "tumour.'  A swelling, formed by the  bile inor-
  bidlv  accumulated in  the gall-bladder.
    CHOLICUS, Bilious.
    CHOLIH,EMIA, Cholsemia,
    CHOLINE, Cholesterin.
    CHOLICYST1ECTASIE, Turgescentia vesi-
  ca? felleae.
    CHOLICYSTITE, Cholecystitis.
    CHOLIUS, Bilious.
    CHOLOCATAR'RHOPHE, Cholocatar-
rhophe'aia,  Cholocatarroph'ia, frcm x°^1, 'bile,1
and Karappotpttv, ' to sup up.'   The absorption of
bile.
   CH0LQJ3RAPHIA, Choledogrnphy.
   CHOLOLITHUS, see Calculi, biliary.
   CHOLO'MA,  from  xuA°5'  ' hame, maimed.'
Distortion of a limb;  incapacity of  moving it.
Also, the act of limping, claudication.
   CHOLOPLANIA, Icterus.
   ClIOLORRHCE'A, from x°>">< 'bile/ and  out,
 ' I flow.'   An abnormous discharge of bile.
   CIIOLOS, Bile, Chole.
   ClIOLO'SES, from x°*n>  'bile.'  Alibert in-
 eludes, under  this head, every morbid affection
 of the liver and spleen.
   CHOLO'SIS, from  je<oXot,  'lame.'  Cho'lotcn,
 Chains'ma, Cholan'sis,  Choleu'ma, Chol'ia, Cluu-
 dicn'tion.   Hippocrates  employs this word par-
 ticularly for a lameness  of the hand, which ren-
 ders a person one-handed, (F.) manchot.  Alio,
 icterus; bilious dyscrasy.
   Cholosis Americana, Fever, yellow.
   CHO LOST ERIN A, Cholesterin.
   CHOLOTES. Cholosis.
   CHOLOZEMIA FEBRILIS, Fever, bilious.
   CHONDRIN, from  xovSP°si 'cartilage.' (P.)
 Gelatine des cartilages.  A variety of gelatin, ob-
 tained by  boiling  the cornea,  the permanent car-
 tilages, and the bones before  they are ossified.
   CHONDRI'TIS, Inflamma'tio  Cartilag"'init,
 (¥.) Chondrite, from xovip°S> 'cartilage,' and itit,
 a  termination  denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
 mation of cartilage.
   CHONDROCLA'SIS, from^ovipos,'cartilage,'
 and KXacas, ' fracture.'  Fracture of a cartilage.
   CHONDRODES, Cartilaginous, Chondroii
   CHONDROGENES'IA, Ohondrogen'esia, from
 Xovipos,  .'a cartilage/  and ytvtais,  'formation.'
 Formation of cartilage.  A morbid conversion of
 parts into cartilage.
   CHOXDROGLOS'SUS, from xovipos, 'a carti-
 lage,' and yXwaaa,  ' the tongue.'  A fasciculus of
 fleshy fibres, passing from  the lesser cornu of
 the os hyoides to  the tongue.  It forms  part of
 the hyoglossus.
   CHONDROG'RAPHY, Chondrogra'phia, from
 Xovipos,  'cartilage/  and  ypatpn, 'a  description.'
 A description of cartilages.
   CHONDROID, Chondrdi'des, Chondro'det,
 from x°vip°Sr' cartilage/ and ttios,' resemblance,'
 Cartilaginiform.   Resembling cartilage.
   CHONDROL'OGY, Chondrolog"ia, from %<>*■
 ipas, 'a cartilage/ and  Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  A
 treatise on cartilages.
   CHONDRO'MA, Enchondro'ma, from ^ovepo,
 'cartilage.'  A cartilaginous growth proceeding
 from  bones, including  spina ventosa, osteo-sar-
 coma, Ac, of  many.
   CHONDRO-PH ARYNGE'US, from xot-W*
 cartilage/ and tpapvy!-, 'the pharynx.'  Fibres of
 the muscular  coat of the  pharynx,  which arise
 from tne lesser cornua of the os hyoides, and form
 part of the Constrictor medius.  See Constrictoi
 pharyngis.
   CHONDRO'SIS, from x°vSpos, ' cartilage.'  i
 morbid  formation  or condition of a cartilage.
   CUOXDROSTERN AL,Chondrosterna'li»,inm
 Xovipos, 'a  cartilage/  and artpvov,  'the breath
 bone.'  Having relation to the cartilages of the
 ribs and breast-bone,—as the chondroaternal liga-
 ments, articulations, Ac.
   CHONDROSYNDES'MUS, from  x°^> '*
 cartilage/ and owitanos,   'a ligament.'   Cni""
 of bones,  by means of fibro-cartilage. Synchon-
 drosis.
   CHONDROT'OMY, Chondrotom'ia, from  %m-
 Spot, 'a  cartilage/ and  rtuvetv, 'to cut.'  Dissec-
 tion of  cartilages.
li   CHONDRO-XIPHOID.   Chondro-xiphoi'M 
CHONDRUS               20
from yovipoj, 'a cartilage,' and xiphoid, the car-
tilage so called.  Having relation to the xiphoid
cartilage, as ' Chondro-xiphoid ligament.'
  CHONDRUS, Cartilage.   The Xiphoid carti-
lage, in particular.
  Chondrus, Alica, Fucus crispus — c. Crispus,
Fucus crispus—c. Polymorphus, Fucus crispus.
  CHOXOS, Infundibulum.
  CHOPINE,  Choplno, Cheoplna.  A measure,
which contains 16 ounces.  A pint measure.
  CHORA, ^wpa,  'region.'   Any void  space.
Also, the orbit of the eye.
  CHORD, TESTICULAR, Spermatic chord.
  CHORDA,  Corda, from  x°P^'i>  'a  Sut/  an<*
hence, a 6tring made  of- gut. A string of an
instrument.  It has several  meanings: — as a
tendon, — the  intestines (Chorda.)    Paracelsus
calls, the  genital  organs  chorda.  Chorda  seu
 Ftinic'ulits  Tym'pani, a branch  of  the 7th  pair
 of  nerves,  according to some, of the 5th pair,
 according to others, and to probability, which
 passes through the tympanum, (F.) Nerf  Tympa-
 nique—(Ch.) Corde du Tambour ou du Tympan.
 Chorda Willis'ii, Trabecula Willis'ii, the small
 fibres which cross the sinuses  of the dura mater:
 so called from  their first describer, Willis.  Chorda
 Tendin'ea; the  tendinous  and  cord-like  sub-
 Btances which  connect the columna carnea of the
 ventricles of the heart to the valves, Ac.
   Chorda, Intestine.
   Chorda  Dorsa'lis,  Dorsal cord.  The axis,
 around which, according  to Von Baer, the first
 parts of the foetus are formed,—the rudiment of
 the future vertebral column.
   Chorda  Hippocratis, Achillis Tendo—c Lon-
 gitudinalis Corporis Callosi, see Raphe—c. Penis,
 Chordee—c. Tympani, see Chorda — c. Veneris,
 Chordee.
   CHORDS,  Chordee—c. Ferrenii, Cords, vocal
 —c Longitudinales lancisii, see Raphe—c. Ten-
 dineae, see  Chorda—c.  Transversales Willisii, see
 Corpus callosum — c. Vocales, Cords,  vocal — c.
 Willisii, see Chorda.
   CHORDAP'SUS, from  x°Psi> ' intestine/  and
 atrrtiv, ' to tie/ Intussuscep'tio.   Constriction or
 twisting of the intestines. — Celsus.   The Colica
 Ileus.  See Enteritis and Heus.
   CHORDEE', Cordee',  Chorda  Ven'eris  seu
 Penis, Phallaneylo'sis, Phallocamp'sis, Chorda,
 Chorda'ta  Gonorrhoe'a.  A  painful affection of
• the penis,  attending gonorrhoea,  and  happening
 chiefly at night.  It occurs when the violence of
 the inflammation is such, that the urethra cannot
 expand as  much as the corpora cavernosa during
 erection, and consequently the glans seems pain-
 fully drawn downwards.  The application of cold
 water topically, and the administration of opium
 internally, palliate it.
   CHORE'A, Ch. Sancti Viti seu  Sancti Modes'ti
 seu gesticulato'ria, Choroma'nia, Syn'clonus  sal-
 tans, Tripudia'tio spastica, from xop^i",' a dance;'
 sometimes called Scelotyr'be, S. Tarantiamua,  Viti
 Saltus, Salta'tio  Sancti Viti, Ballia'mua,  Con-
 I'ul'eio  hdbitua'lia, Siph'ita.  prava,  Syn'clonu*
 Chorea, Myotyr'be, Choreoma'nia, Orcheatroma'-
 nia, Epilepa'ia Saltato'ria, Morbua Saltato'rius
 seu gesticnlato'rius seu Lasci'vus, Hieran'osus, St.
 Vitus'a Dance, Viper's Dance, because the move-
 ments resemble dancing; (F.) ChorSe, Danse de
 Saint Witt, Danse de  St. Guy.   The character-
 istics are:—irregular and involuntary motions of
 ono or more limbs, and of the  face and trunk. It
 is a disease which usually occurs before puberty;
 and is generally  connected with torpor  of  the
 system, and of the digestive organs in  particular.
 Its duration is long, but it is usually devoid of
 danger; although frequently but little under the
 control of medicine. The spasms do not continue II
1               CHOROID
during sleep.  The indications of treatment are:
to strengthen the general system, and stimulate
the intestinal  canal.  Purgatives, once or twice
a week, and chalybeates, with appropriate regi-
men, will fulfil these.
  Chorea, Chronic, see Tic—c.  Faciei, Tic—c.
Gesticulatoria, Chorea — c. Partial, see Tic—c
Sancti Modesti, Chorea—c. Sancti Valentini, Ta-
rantismus—c.  Sancti Viti, Chorea.
  CHOREE,  Chorea.
  CHORE'GIA, from x°P0S> 'a troop of dancers
and singers,'  and ayu, 'I  lead.'  Hippocrates
uses this term for the whole of  the  apparatus
necessary for a physician or surgeon.
  CHOREOMANIA, Chorea.
  CHORIODEI'TIS, Chorioidei'tis,  Chorioidi-
tis, Choroiditis, (¥.) Choro'idite, from x°P0Ui'Kt
'the  choroid/ and  itis.  Inflammation  of  the
choroid coat of the eye.
  CHORIODES, Choroid.
  CHORIOIDEA, Choroid.
  CHORIOIDES, Choroid.
  CHO'RION, x°Pt0V>  'skin/ from  Xb'Peiv> *t°  *
contain/in elude; [?] Camis'ia Foetus : the chemise
or shirt  of the foetus in utero.   A thin, transpa-
rent  membrane,  formerly confounded with  the
decidua, which surrounds the foetus in utero  on
every side,  and appears  to  be  deveoped from
nucleated  cells  formed in  the  Fallopian tube.
Some histologists,  however, consider,  that it
exists in the ovary.  The general opinion  is, that
it is formed as above described; and perhaps, also,
from the zona pellucida, which disappears in the
tube.  In the uterus,  villous prolongations are
formed on its  surface, which have given it, with
more recent writers, the  name ' ahaggy chorion.'
These villi  are  probably the agents of the ab-
sorption of nutritive matter furnished from the
lining membrane of the uterus.
   By many anatomists, the chorion is considered
to be formed of two layers;  the outer, called  by
Burdach Exocho'rion: the  inner, Endocho'rion.
By others, the distinction of laminae is denied.
It is exterior to the amnion.
   Chorion also means the true skin.  See Cutis.
By some, the  Zona pellucida is so called.
   Chorion Fungosum, Decidua,—c. Reticulatum,
Decidua—c. Shaggy, see Chorion  and Decidua—
c. Spongiosum, see Decidua—c Spongy, see De-
cidua—c Tomentosum, see  Decidua.
   CHORIONITIS.  Induration  of the  Cellular
tissue.
   CHOROID, Choro'i'deua, Choro'i'dea,  ChorioV-
 dea, Chorio'dea from x°Pt0V> 'the chorion/ and
 ttios, 'shape/ 'resemblance.' Several parts are
 so  called,  which resemble  the chorion  in  the
 multitude of their vessels.
   Choroid Muscle, Ciliary muscle.
   Choroid  Plexus, Plexua choro'i'dee seu cho-
ro'i'deua seu reticula'ria,  Vermes  cer'ebri.  Two
membranous  and vascular  duplicatures  of the
pia mater, situate  in  the  lateral ventricles.
 They are fixed to the Tela choro'idea by one edge,
and are loose  and floating at the other.
   Choro'idea Tela, Plexus choroideus medius,
(¥.)  Toile  choro'idienne.   A kind  of vasculo-
membranous  prolongation   of  the  pia  mater,
which lines the lower surface of the fornix united
with the corpus callosum.  It is stretched above
the third ventricle and covers the posterior com-
missure  and corpora quadrigemina.   Anteriorly,
the tela choroidea is continuous  with  the plexus
choroides.
  Choro'i'dea seu  Chorioi'dea Tu'nica,  Ch.
Membra'na, or simply the Choroid, Tu'nica vas-
culo'aa seu aciniform'is seu rhago'i'des Oculi, (F.)
Membrane choroide, Choro'ide. A thin membrane,
of a very dark colour, which lines the sclerotioa 
CHOROIDE             202          CHRYSOCHALCOS
 internally.  The  part behind  the  iris' is called
 Uvea.  It is situate between the sclerotica and
 retina, has an  opening, posteriorly, for the  pas-
 sage  of the optic  nerve;  and  terminates,  ante-
 riorly, at the  great  circumference  of the  iris,
 wtiere it is continuous with the ciliary processes.
 According to Ruysch, the  choroid consists of two
 layers, to the innermost of which his son gave the
 name Tu'nica seu Membra'na Ruyschia na, M.
 chorio-capilla'ria,  (¥.)  Membrane  Ruyachienne.
 The internal surface of the membrane is covered
 with  a dark pigment, consisting of several layers
 of  pigment  cells, called  Pigmen'tum nigrum,
 Stratum piqmen'ti, Ophthalmochroi'tea, jEthiopa
 animal, Mtlaine, Melanine, Matiere ou Principe
 de la Melanoae, (¥.) Enduit choroidien.  Its use
 seems to be, to absorb the  rays of light after they
 have traversed the retina.
  ChoroidEjE Ven^e, Vena  Gale'ni,  (¥.)  Veines
 choroidiennee.  Two veins, that creep along the
 tela choroidea; into which  almost all those of
 the lateral ventricles, of  the upper part of the
 cerebellum, of  the  pineal  gland, and the corpora
 quadrigemina open. The Venae Galeni open into
 the einua quartus or fourth sinus.
   CHOROIDE,  CEINTURE BLANCHE DE
 LA, Ciliary ligament—c. Commissure de la, Cili-
 ary ligament.
  CHOROIDITIS, Choriodeitis.
  CHOROI'DO-RETINI'TIS.  Inflammation of
 the choroid and retina.
  CHOROMANIA, Chorea.
  CHOSES CONTRE NATURE,  Res  contra
 naturam — c. Naturellea, Res naturales — c. non
 Naturellea, Res non naturales.
  CHOSIS. Arenatio.
  CHOU, Brassica — c. Cabua,  Brassica capitata
 — c.  Croute, Sauer Kraut — c.  Fleur, Brassica
 Florida,  Cauliflower excrescence—c. Marin, Con-
 volvulus soldanella — c. Navet, Brassica rapa —
 c. PommS, Brassica capitata—c. Potager, Brassica
 —c. Roquette, Brassica eruca.
  CHOWDER, a  favorite New  England  dish,
 made of fish, pork, onions, and  hiscuit, stewed
 together.
  In  Devonshire,  England,  chowder is a  fish-
 seller. — Halliwell.   In the west  of  England
 chowder beer is a  liquor made by boiling  black
 apruce in  water, and mixing  it with molasses.—
 Webster.
  CHREMMA, Sputum.
  CURE MPS IS,  Exspuition.
  CHRISIS, from ^piio, 'I anoint.'  The  action
 of anointing.   Inunction.
  CHRISMA, same etymon.   The act of anoint-
 ing.  The salve or liniment used, Chriam, Creme.
 Prurigo.
  CHRISTI MANUS.  Troches prepared from
 refined sugar boiled in rose-water with or without
 prepared pearls.
  CHRISTOPHER, HERB,  Actaea spicata.
  CHRISTOPHORIANA  SPICATA,  Actaea
 spicata.
  CHRISTOS, XPtartS' froln XPl0>' 'I anoint'
 Any medicine applied under the form of liniment
 or ointment.
  CHROA, Chroea, Chroma.  Colour  in general.
 The surface of  the body.  The skin
  CHROMA, Chroa.
  CHROMATISME,  Aberration   of refran-i-
 bilitv.
  CilR0xMAT0G"EN0US, from Xpoua, Xp«Ua-
 ros. ' colour/  and ytvvau, ' I make.'
  Chromatog"enous  Appara'tus.   A supposi-
 titious glandular  apparatus  for  producing the
 colouring  matter   of the  skin,  composed  of a
glandular or secreting parenchyma, situate a little
oelow the papillae,  and presenting special excre-
tory ducts, which pour out the colouring matter
on tbe surface of the true skin.—Breschet.
  CHROMATOMETABLEPSIA,  Achro-
mntopsia.
  CHROMATOPHO'BIA, from x/>uya> Xpupares,
'colour/ and <poBos, 'dread.'  Morbid sensibility
to certain colours.
  CHROMATOPSEUDOPSIA, Achromatopsia.
  C1IROMATOPSIA, Chromopsia.
  CHROMIC ACID, Ac"idum Chro'mieum, (F.)
Acide  chromique.  Obtained  by  crystallization
from a mixture of  bichromate of potassa, and
oil of vitriol.   It has been used as an escharotio
in external hemorrhoids.
  CHROMIDRO'SIS, from xpuua, 'colour/and
'tipo>s,  ' sweet.'  Abnormous coloration of the per.
spiratorv secretion.
  CHROMOP'SIA,  Chromop'ia,  Chromatop'sin,
Chrotop'sia, Chrnp'sia, Crop'sia, I7«u» eolora'tut,
Siiff'u'sio colo'rans, Chro'iip'sy, Chromop'ty, Irides'-
cent viaion, from xoco/ua,  'and o\t<$, 'vision.'  A
state of vision in which a colored  impression, as
of the rainbow, is made on  the retina.   Said  to
be occasionally observed in jaundice.
  CHRONIC,  Chron'icua, Chro'nina, Polychn'-
niua, Inietera'tiia. Anti'quua, (F.) Chronique, from
Xfovos, 'time.'   Of long duration.
  Chronic  Diseases, Morbi chrmlici,  Macro-
noa'ia, Maero'sia, (¥.) Maladiea Chroniques, are
those whose duration is long, or whose symptoms
proceed slowly.  The antithesis to chronic is acute
  CHRONIC'ITY, Chronic"itaa, (¥.) Chronicitl.
The state of  a chronic malady.
   CHRONIQUE, Chronic.
  CHRONO, from  xpovoj, 'time.   A  prefix  to
terms  denoting inflammation of a part, to show
that such inflammation is chronic.—Piorry.
  CHRONOGYNIA, Menstruation.
   CHRONO-HEPATITE, Hepatitis, chronic,
  CHRONO-NEPHRITE, Nephritis (chronic.)
  CHRONO-THERMAL, from  XP0V°S>  'time,'
and  $tppn  'heat.'   Relating to time and tempe-
rature.  An  epithet given to a fanciful'system'
by  Dr. Samuel Dickson,  which maintains, that
there can be  no increase or diminution  of tempe-
rature  without motion; no motion without time;
that motion consists in attraction and repulsion;
that attraction  and repulsion are peculiar to elec-
tric  action,-  and  hence, that medicines must
change the motions of the system,  and be electri-
cal in their operation.
  CIIROOPSY, Chromopsia.
  CHROTOPSIA, Chromopsia.
  CHRUPSIA, Chromopsia.
  CIIRYSALEA, Nitro-muriatic acid.
  CHRYSANTHEMUM, Calendula officinalis.
  Chrysan'themum Leucan'thbmum, from x<n>-
oos, 'gold/ and  avbtpov, 'a flower.'  The Ox-eye
daiay,  Daisy, Whiteweed, Goldens, Matidlintcori,
Bellis  major  seu praten'sis,  Bupthal'mnm majiti,
Leucan'themum  vulga're  seu Bellidioi'des, Ma-
tricaria,  Conaolida  media,  Oc'ulua Boeia, (F.)
Chrysanthlme,  Chryaene,  Grand Marguerite del
pres.  Ord. Compositae.  The flowers and herb are
slightly acrid; and were once used in pulmonary
diseases.
  Chrysanthemum Parthenium, Matricaria par-
thenium.
  CHRYSE,  from  XPvo~°s> ' gold.'  The name of
a yellow plaster, described by Paulus of MgiM,'
and  composed  of thus,  alum, lead, colophony,
resin, oil, and orpiment, boiled in vinegar.

  ouD^r'S'^V^'Chrysanthemumleuc'lntnemu*
  CHRYSITIS, see Plumbi oxidum semivitremn.
  CHRYSOBALANUS GALENI, see Mvristie*
mosehata.
  CHRYSOCALIS. Matricaria
  CHRYSOCHALCOS, Brass." 
CHRYSOCOLLA           20
  CHR1SOCOLLA. Borax.
  CIIRYSOCOMA, Millefolium.
  CHRYSOLACHANUM, Chenopodium bonus
Henricus.
  CHRYSOL'ITHUS,  Chrya'olite, from  XP»<">s>
'gold,' and XiSos, 'stone.'  A precious stone, of
a golden colour, regarded by the ancients as car-
diac, cephal.ic,  Ac.
  CHRYSOMELIA, see Citrus  aurantium.
  CHRYSOPHYLLUM   BURANHEM,
Moni'sia.
  CHRYSOPHYL'LUM CAINI'TO,fromxp»°°s>
'gold,' and tpvXXov, 'a leaf.'  Cainito,  Siderox'-
ylon. Broad-leaved Star-apple.   A tree of the
Antilles,  Ord.  Sapotaceae,  which  produces  one
of the best fruits of the country.  There are seve-
ral varieties of it.
  CnitYsot'HYLLUM Glyciphl^eum, Monesia.
  CHRYSOPUS, Cambogia.
  CHRYSOS,  Gold.
  CHRYSOSPERMUM, Sempervivum tectorum.
  CHRYZA FIBRAUREA,  Coptis.
  CHTHONOPHA'GIA,   Cachex'ia  Africa'na,
Mala'cia seu Pica. Africano'rum, L'eucophlegma'-
tia  seu  Chloro'aia jEthio'pum,  Dirt-eating,  (¥.)
Mal d'Eatomac from %0u>v, 'earth/ and ipayut, 'I
eat.'  A disorder of the nutritive  functions ob-
served amongst the negroes  of  the South and of
the West  Indies, in which there is an  irresistible
desire to eat dirt.   It  is accompanied by most of
the signs of chlorosis.
  The Ottomacs on the Orinoco, and the natives
of portions of the Hudson's Bay territory, are
 Chthonoph'agi or ' earth eaters.'  The earth is a
form of steatite.
  CHU,  Choa or Chua, jr;ou$,  Chocua.  A liquid
measure  amongst the Greeks,  answering to the
 Congiua of the Romans, and containing six sex-
tarii,  or  twelve Attic  cotylae,  or nine pints.—
 Galen.
  CHUMOSIS, Chemosis.
  CHURXMILK,  Buttermilk.  >
  CHURRUS, see Bangue.
   CHUTE, Prolapsus—c. du Fondement, Proc-
 tocele—c. de la Matrice, Procidentia uteri—c. dea
 Oenfs, see Parturition — c.  du Rectum, Proctocele.
  CHYLAIRE, Chylous.
  CHYLAR, Chylous.
  CHYLARION, Chyle.
  CHYLE, Chylua, Succus nutril'ius, from Xv<a>
 'I flow.'  The word, in Hippocrates, means Tisane
 or Decoction of Barley, Chyla'rion, xvXapiov. Ga-
 len first used it in its present  sense ;—i. e. for a
nutritive  fluid, extracted  by intestinal  absorp-
 tion,  from food which has  been  subjected to
the action of  the  digestive organs.  It is  of a
whitish appearance; and is formed from the chyme
 in the duodenum, and the  rest of the small intes-
tines, by the chyliferous vessels, which  arise at the
mucous surface of the intestine.  Along  these it
passes through the mesenteric glands  to  the tho-
racic duct, and is finally poured into the left sub-
clavian.   It is composed, like the blood, of a fluid
—liquor chyli—and  of Chyle corpusclea or glo-
lulea, the average size of which is about l-i600th
of an inch.  See Chynio.
  Chyle  Corpuscles, see Chyle.
  OHYLEUX. Chylous.
  CHYLIF'EROUS, Chy'lifer, Chylif'erua, Chy-
loph'orua, (¥.)  Chyliflre, from chylua,' chyle/ and
ferre, ' to carry.'   Chyle-bearing.
  Chylip'erous Vessels, Vaaa  Chylif'era seu
Chylof'era, Via chylif'era,  Vena lactea,  Vasa j
Inete.a, Lacteals,  (¥.)  Vaisseaux  chyliferea, V. j!
LactSa.   Vessels which convey the chyle  from
the intestines  to the thoracic  duet.   They have
also been  called ga/actoph'oroua veaaela.
  CHYLIFICATION, Chylifica'tio,   Chylo'aia,
Chylupoe'eis,  Prapara'tio chyli,  from  chylua,
3             CHYMIATRIA
'chyle/ and facere, 'to make.'  Formation of
chyle during the digestive processes.   It has, at
times, been applied to the changes produced on
the aliment in  the  small intestine;  but is  now
restricted to the act of forming chyle at the ra-
dicles of the chyliferous vessels.
  CHYLINE. Cyclamen.
  CHYLISMA, Succus expressus.
  CHYLIS'MUS,  from XvXos,  'juice.'  The act
of expressing the juice of vegetables, Ac.
  CHYLOCYSTIS, Receptaculum chyli.
  CHYLODES, Chylous.
  CHYLODIABETES, Chyluria.
  CHYLODIARRHCEA, Coeliac flux.
  CHYLODOCHIUM, Receptaculum chyli.
  CHYLOG'RAPHY, from  xvAoj, 'chyle/  and
ypaipn, ' a description.' A description of the  ana-
tomy, Ac,  of the chyliferous vessels.
  CHYLOPOESIS, Chylification.
  CHYLOPOET'IC,  Chylopoet'icua,  Chylopoeus,
from ;yuAos,  ' chyle/ and nottta, ' I make.'  Re-
lating to or connected with the formation of chyle.
Chiefly applied to  the organs immediately  con-
cerned in it; as the stomach, intestines, omenta,
and mesentery.    Assistant   Chylopoetic:— ap-
plied to viscera which aid  in the formation of
chyle, as the liver aud pancreas.
   CHYLORRHOEA,  Coeliac  flux —c.  Pectoris,
Chylothorax — c Renalis, Chyluria—c Urinalis,
Chyluria.
   CHYLOSIS, Chylification.
   CHYLOSTAG'MA  DIAPHORET'ICUM
MINDERE'RI.   (x^Xos, 'juice/ and trrafa, 'I
distil.')  A compound prepared by distilling the
theriac o/Andromachus, the mithridate o/Damo-
crates, and other alexipharmics, Ac   It is nearly
the  same preparation as the  Aqua  Theriaca'lis
Bezoar'dica.
   CEYLOTHO'RAX,Pleurorrhce'a chyle/sa, Chy-
lorrhue'a Pec'toris,  Hydrotho'rax chylo'sua ;  from
X"Xos, 'chyle/and (Jwpaf, 'the chest.'—Effusion
of chyle into the chest, owing to the rupture of a
chyliferous vessel.
   CHYLOUS, Chylar, Chylo'aus seu Chyla'ria,
 Chylo'dea,  (¥) Chyleux, Chylaire.   Relating to
the  chyle ; or having  some analogy to that fluid.
   CHYLU'RIA, Diabe'tee lac'teua sou chylo'aua,
 Chylodiabe'tca, Galactu'ria,  Fluxua ccelincua per
Renea, Pyu'ria lac'tea seu Chylo'aa,  Caliaca uri-
naria seu renillis, Chylorrhce'a urina'lia seu re-
na'lia, from xuAoj,' chyle/ and ovpov, 'urine.' (F.)
Diablte chyleux.   A discharge of milky urine,
without any apparent lesion  of the kidneys or
 bladder.
   CIIYLUS, Chyle, Decoction, Succus.
   CHYME,  Chymtis, xvl*0s> 'Juice/ from xvu>> '^
flow.'  The pulp, formed by the food, mixed with
 the supra-diaphragmatic  and  gastric secretions,
 after it has been for some time in  the stomach.
 In this it  continues  until it reaches the biliary
 and pancreatic ducts, which open into the  duo-
 denum, where the conversion  into chyle occurs,
 which is absorbed by the chyliferous vessels,—the
 excrementitious portion of the food traversing the
 large intestine to be evacuated per  anum.  Cas-
 telli asserts, that Chyme  and  Chyle  were used in
an  opposite  sense by the ancients,  to  that ac-
cepted at present.
   CIIYxMI, Humours-.
   CHYMIA, Chymistry—c.  Organica, Chymis-
try, organic—c Pharmaceutica, see Chymistry.
   CHYMIA'TER, Chimia'ter,  Chemia'ter,  from
Xvutta or xvpnu, 'chymistry/ and tarpos, ' a phy-
sician,' latro-chym'icua.   A chemical physician.
   CHYMIATRI'A,   Chimiatrla,   Chemiatrla,
Iatro-chemi'a,  Medici'na  spagyr'ica,  Ara  Chymi-
at'rica, (¥.) Chimidtrie, Chimiame (of some), from
Xvpfti or xvptm, ' chymistry/  and tarptia, ' cure/
The art of curing by chemical means. 
CHYMICAL               204              CICERBITA
   CHYM'ICAL, Chem'ical,  Chem'icue,  Chemo'-
 ticus.   A medicine formed by the aid of  chymis-
 try, in  contradistinction to Galenical.
   CHYM'ICO-HISTOL'OGY,C%m'i'co-Ri'sfo%'-
 ia, Chem'ico-histology.  The doctrine of the or-
 ganic chemistry and morphology of tissues.
   CHYMICOPHANTA, Chymist.
   CHYMICUS, Chymical, Chymist.
   CHYMIE, Chymistry.
   CHYMIFICA'TION,  Chymifica'tio,  Chymo'-
 sis,  from xvf°s> 'juice,'  and facere,  'to make.'
 Formation of chyme.
   CHYMISM,  Chymism'us, Chemism'us, (¥.)
 Chimisme.  The abuse of chymistry in its  appli-
 cation  to the science  of  organized bodies.  By
 some used synonymously with Chymiatria.  Also,
 an account of the chemical phenomena apper-
 taining to a function—as the chemismus of respira-
 tion.
   CHYM'IST,  Chem'ist,  Chcm'icus, Chymico-
 phan'ta, Chym'icus, (¥.) Ghimiste ou Chymiste.
 One acquainted with chymistry.  In  Great Bri-
 tain it  has,  also,  the signification  of " one who
 Bells chemicals."
   CHYMISTE, Chymist.
   CHYM'lSTRY,  Chem'istry, Chemla, Chymi'a,
 Chiml a,Chemeu' tice, Chemot'ice, Philosoph'ia per
 ignem,  Spagy'ria, Pyrotech'nia, Pyrosopll ia, Are
 hermet'ica seu mago'rum seu  separato''ria seu spa-
 gyr'ica, Archima'gia, from xvrt0^> 'Julce/ or from
 Arab, chema, ' a secret.'   (F.) Chimie ou Chymie.
 A branch of the  natural sciences, whose  object
 is to investigate  the  nature and  properties  of
 bodies,  simple  and  compound, inorganic and
 organized; and to study the force or power,  by
 virtue of which every combination is effected.  It
 investigates the action between the integrant mo-
 lecules or atoms of bodies.
   Organ'ic Chemistry, Chymi'a organ'ica, Organo-
 chemla, is the chymistry of organized substances,
 --animal  and  vegetable.   Animal  Chym'istry,
 Zooch'emy or Zooch'ymy,  Zoochemi'a, is the chy-
 mistry of substances afforded by the dead  or living
 animal body. This branch of chymistry has been
' farther subdivided into physiological, wben it con-
 siders the changes produced  in organized bodies
 in health,—pathological,  when it regards  those
 produced by organic  or other diseases.  Anthro-
 poch'ymy, Anthropochemi'a,  is tbe  chymistry  of
 the  human body.  Chymistry is called Therapeu-
 tical or Pharmaceutical, Pharmaco-chymla, Chy-
 mi'a pharmaceu'tica, when it is engaged  in the
 analysis of  simple medicines; in improving the
 prescribing and preparing of chemical and Galeni-
 cal  medicines: in  the means of preparing  them,
 and detecting adulterations, Ac. Hygien'ic Chym'-
 istry is that which is applied to the means  of
 rendering habitations healthy, of analyzing the
 air we breathe, preventing the occurrence of dis-
 ease, pointing out healthy aliments, and apprecia-
 ting the influence of professions, Ac, on the health
 of man.  All these different subdivisions, with
 vegetable  chymistry, are, at  times, included un-
 der  the head of Medical Chym'istry,  Phytochy-
 mistry ; at others,  the term comprehends  only the
 Animal, Vegetable and Pharmaceutical  subdivi-
 sions.  Vital Chemistry, Biochymla, is that  which
 is exerted under the influence of vitality.   His-
 toch'ymy, Histochemi'a,  Histo-chem'istry, is the
 chemistry of the  tissues, and Phlegmatoch'emy,
 that of the animal humours,  (Lehmann).
   A knowledge of chemistry is of great importance
 to the physician.  Many of the functions are  of
 a chemical nature: many diseases require a che-
 mical mode of treatment; and, without an ac-
 quaintance with it, two or more substances  might
 be given in combination, which, by  forming a
 chemical union, might give rise to other com-
 pounds, possessing very different virtues from the
components taken singly, and thus the prescriber
be disappointed in the results.
  Cuymistry, Animal,  see  Chymistry — c. Hy.
gienic, see Chymistry — c. Medical, see Chymig.
try—e. Organic, see Chymistry—c. Pharmaceu.
tic, see Chymistry — c.  Therapeutical, see Chy.
mistry — c Vegetable, see Chymistry — c. Vital,
see Chymistry.
  CHYMOCHEZIA, Coeliac flux.
  CHYMOPLA'NIA,  (G.)   Chymoplanien,
Dyschymosen, from xvu°s> 'juice/ and vXavn,
'wandering.'   A transposition of secretions:—a
family of diseases in the classification of Fuchs,
which  includes  icterus,  uroplania,  menoplamV
and galactoplania.
  CHYMORRHCEA, Coeliac flux, Lientery.
  CHYMOSIN,  Pepsin.
  CHYMOSIS, Chemosis, Chymification.
  CHYMOUS, Chymo'aue, (¥.)  Chymeux. 'Re.
lating to, or resembling  chyme.
  CHYMOZEMIA, Hypercrinia.
  CHYTLEN, RADIX. A cylindrical root,bitter
and inodorous, brought from  China.  It is held
by the Chinese to be stomachic.—Murray.
  CHYT'LON, xVT^0V>  from xvu>> ' I pour out.1
A liquid formerly used for rubbing the body after
bathing.
  CIBARIUM, Aliment.
  CIBARIOUS, Esculent.
  CIBA'RIUS PANIS, ' Coarse bread.'  Bread
made of second flour.—Celsus.
  CIBA'TIO.  Trophe.   The taking of food.  In
Pharmacy, it is the same as Incorporation.
  CIBUS,  Aliment—c.  Albus,  Blancmatiger—o,
Deorum, Asafcetida.
   CICA TRICE, Cicatrix.
  CICATRICES OVARIORUM, Stigmata ova-
riorum.
  CICATRIC'ULA.  Diminutive of Cicatrix. A
email  cica'trix,  Stigma, (¥.) Cicatricule. The
term is, also, applied to a small white spot, called
the tread, chal'aza, chala'ziwn, observable at the
surface of si fecundated  egg.  See Molecule.
  CICATRISAN'TIA,  Epulot'ica, Synulot'ieit,
Apulot'ica, Catulot'ica, Ulot'ica,(¥.) CicatrisanU.
Remedies formerly considered to be capable of
producing cicatrization.
  CICA'TRIX,  Caca'trix, Ull,  Ouli, Cie'atrke,
from cacare,  ' to conceal/ because it conceals the
the  wound.  (F.) Cicatrice.  A scar.  A seam,
(Sc) Arr.  The union of parts, which have been
divided. A scar or formation, of a reddish colour,
afterwards  whitish,  and of variable tbicknef?,
which takes place at the surface of wounds or
ulcers after their cure. A cicatrix may vary much
in shape, consistence, and thickness.  The cica-
trix of a bone  is called Callus.  A vic"ions cica'-
trix, (¥.) Cicatrice  vicieuae,  is one which inter-
feres with  the  action of the parts on which it
occurs.  The acara, (¥.) Oouturea, after small-poi,
are called Pits or Pock-marka,  (Sc.) Pock-arrn,
(¥.) Couturea par la petite vSrole.  See Pock-mark.
  Cicatrix Variola, Pock-mark.
  CICATRIZA'TION,  Oicatrisa'tio, Epulo'sil,
Synulo'sis.   The  process by which a cicatrix i«
formed.  Every tissue, except the nails,  epider-
mis, hair, and enamel is, probably, capable of
cicatrization.
  CICELY, SWEET, Chaerophyllum odoratum,
Osmorrhiza longistylis, Seandix odorata.
  CICER ARIETI'NUM.  The  Cicer plant, Ere-
bin'thus, (¥.)  CicSrole,  Pois Chiche, Garvame,
Pesette.  The  seeds are ground into flour, and
used as bread in some countries.
  Cicer Lens, Ervum lens.
  CI'CERA TAR'TARI.  Small pills of turpen-
tine and cream of tartar— of the size of  a vetcb
or cicer.
  CICERBITA, Sonchus oleraceua. 
C ICE ROLE
205
CILIARY
  CICiROLE, Cicer arietinum.                I
  CICHO'RIUM  EXDIV'IA.  The systematic j
name of the Endive, Endiv'ia, Endlva, In'tubum,
In'tybum (Antiq.), Scariola,  In'tybus horten'sis,
(F.) ChicorSe des Jardine, Scariole.   Ord. Cicho-
raceae.   Sex. Syat. Syngenesia Polygamia aequa-
lis.   It is a common pot herb, and is eaten as
salad.
  Cicho'rium In'tybus, Seris, Seriola, In'tubum
errat'icum.  The systematic  name of  the  Wild
Suc'cory, Wild Cich'ory, Cich'ory, Chic'ory,  Wild
Endive,  Ambttlei'a,  Heliotro'pion,  Catanan'ce,
Cicho'renin, (F.) ChicorSe sauvage.   It is bitter,
and was once given as a tonic  The root, roasted
and  ground, is often used  instead of,  or mixed
with, coffee.
  CICnORY, Ciehorium intybus—c. Wild, Cieho-
rium intybus.
  CICI, Ricinus communis.
  CICINDE'LA,  Lam'pyria  Noctilu'ca, Nited'-
ula.  The  Glow-worm.  (¥.)  Ver  luieant.  This
insect was once thought to be anodyne and lithon-
triptic
  CICIS, see Quercus infectoria.
  CICON'GIUS; an ancient measure, containing
12 pints.
  CICUTA, Conium maculatum.
  Cicu'ta Aquat'ica, C. viro'sa, Cicuta'ria aquat'-
ica,  Corian'drum cicu'ta, Water Hemlock,  Cow-
bane, (¥.) Cigue aquatique  ou vireus'e, Cicutaire
aquatiqne.   Family,  Umbelliferae.  Sex.  Syst.
Pentandria  Digynia.  A violent  poison,  often
eaten by  mistake  for  Wild Smallage,  Apium
Graveolens.  It produces tremors, vertigo, burn-
ing at the stomach, and all the symptoms occa-
sioned by the Narcotico-acrid class of poisons.
  Cicu'ta Macula'ta,  (F.)  Cigue  d'AmSrique,
American water  hemlock,  American  Hemlock,
Snakeweed, Death of man, Water parsley, Poison
root, Wild  Hemlock,  Children'a  bane, Spotted
Cowbane, is analogous in botanical character and
medical properties to the European species.  See
Conium maculatum.
  Cicuta  Major, Conium maculatum—c. Major
foetida, Conium maculatum—c. Stoerkii, Conium
maculatum—c. Terrestris, Conium maculatum—
c. Virosa,  Cicuta  aquatica—c Vulgaris, Conium
maculatum.
  CICUTAIRE AQUATIQUE, Cicuta aquatica.
  CICUTARIA,  Chaerophyllum   sylvestre — c
Aquatica,  Cicuta aquatica, Phellandrium aquati-
eum—e. Odorata,  Chaerophyllum odoratum.
  OICUTINE, see Conium.
  CIDER, Poma'ceum,  (¥.)  Cidre.  This  word
is said to have been formerly written sidre,-&nd
to have come from Sic'era, aiKtpa, which signifies
any kind  of fermented liquor other than wine.
It is made from  the juice of apples, and, when
good, is a wholesome drink.
  CIDRE, Cider.
  CIERGE DE  NOTRE DAME, Verbascum
thapsus.
  CIGAR', Cigar'ra, (S.) Cigarro, (¥.) Cigare.
A small tubular roll of tobacco, used for smoking.
  Medic"inal or Med'icated Cigars, (F.) Cigares
MSdidnaux, are made of dried plants, with, or
without, the addition of medicinal articles. When
rolled in paper, they form cigarettes, which may
be used with or without combustion, as in the
case  of  the  Cigarettes de Camphre.  The  Ciga-
rettes arsSnicales  de  Boudin are made of  paper
impregnated with  an aqueous solution of arse-
nious acid, or of arseniate of soda, and dried.
  CIGARETTE,  see Cigar—c.  ArsSnicale  de
Boudin, see Cigar—c. de Camphre, see Cigar.
  CIGARRA, Cigar.
  CIGNUS; an ancient measure, which contained
about two draohms.
   CIGUJS AQUATIQUE, Cicuta aquatica — e.
d'AmSrique, Cicuta maculata—c. d'Eau, Phellan-
drium aquaticum—c. Grande, Conium maculatum,
—c. Ordinaire, Conium maculatum—c. Officinale,
Conium—c. Petite, ^Ethusa cynapium—c. Vireuse,
Cicuta aquatica.
   CIL'IA (singular  Cilium),  Blephar'ides, Epi-
cce'lides, Pili palpebra'rum.  The eyelashes, (Sc)
 Winkers.  The  hairs on the  eyelids.  (F.) Cils.
Their use seems to be, to prevent  the entrance
into the eye of  light bodies flying in the atmo-
sphere; and to diminish, in certain cases, the in-
tensity of light.  Also, the tarsi.  Also, a pecu-
liar sort of moving organs,  resembling small
hairs, vibratory or vi'bratile cilia, Cilia vibra-
to'ria, (¥.) Cila vibratila, which are visible with
the microscope  in many animals.  These organs
are found on  parts of the body which are habit-
ually in contact with water, or other more or less
fluid matters, and produce motion in these fluids,
impelling them  along the surface of the parts.
Cilia have been  found to exist in all vertebrated
animals except fishes, having been discovered on
the respiratory,  uterine, and other membranes
of mammalia, birds, and reptiles.
   The terms  "vibratory  motion" and "ciliary
motion"  have been  used to express the  pheno-
mena exhibited by the moving cilia;  and it is pro-
bable, that this motion is concc/ned in the pro-
gression of fluids along the membranes.  As yet,
the motion has only been observed in the direc-
tion of the outlets of canals.
   CILIAIRE, Ciliary.
   CIL'IARY,  Oilia'ria, (¥.) Ciliaire.  Relating
to the eyelashes, or  to cilia.   This epithet has,
also,-been applied to different parts, which enter
into the  structure of the  eye;  from the resem-
blance between some of them  (the ciliary piv
cesses) and the eyelashes.
   Ciliary Ar'teries, Arte'ria cilia'res, (¥.) Ar-
tlres ciliaires.   These are furnished by the oph-
thalmic artery.   They are distinguished into, 1.
Short or  posterior (Art. uvSales—Chauss.) 30 or
40 in number, which  are distributed  to the ciliary
processes. 2. Long,  (Art. Iriennes  of  Chauss.,)'
two in number, which, by the  anastomoses of
their branches,  form two  arterial circles at the
anterior surface of the iris: and, 3. The anterior,
Arte'ria cilia'res anterio'res of Haller, the num-
ber of Which is variable.   These pierce the scle-
rotic a few lines from its union  with the cornea;
and are principally distributed to the iris.
   Ciliary Body, Corpus Cilia're, Nexus Stamin'-
eus Oc'uli, Coro'na  Cilia'ris,  Ciliary Disc, (¥.)
Corps ciliaire.  A ring of the choroid surround-
ing the crystalline in the manner of a crown;
placed behind the iris  and the ciliary circle.  It
resembles the disk  of a radiated flower, and is
formed by the  union  of  the  ciliary processes.
See Ciliary Muscle.
   Ciliary Canal, Canal of Fonta'na.  A small,
extremely narrow circular space, formed between
the ciliary circle, the cornea, and the sclerotica.
It can be  filled with  injection, and it is not cer-
tain that it is not the cavity of a blood-vessel.
   Ciliary Circle,  Ciliary ligament — c. Disc,
Ciliary body—o. Ganglion, Ophthalmic ganglion.
   Ciliary Lig'ament, C. Circle  or  Ring, Liga-
men'tum  seu Instertil'ium cilia're  seu Tridis,
Plexus cilia'ris, An'nulus seu Cir'culua seu Or-
bic'ulna cilia'ris, A.  cellulo'sus,  Com'missure of
the Uvea,  (¥.) Commissure de la Choroide—(Ch.),
Ligament ou Cerele  ciliaire,  Cercle de la Cho-
roide, Ceinture blanche de la Choroide.  A species
of greyish ring, of a pulpy consistence, situate
between  the  choroid, iris, and  sclerotica.   The
internal surface  of the choroid is uniform, until
it  approaches within  ten lines and a half of the
edge of the cornea; here a dentated line i« ob- 
CILIATED
206
CINCHONA
served,  termed ora eerra'ta.  The  outer surface
presents the an'nulua albidua seu gangliform'ia,
the anterior edge of which unites to the inner
surface  of the sclerotica and constitutes the cili-
ary ligament.
  Cil'iary  or Tarsal  Margin of the eyelid*;
(F.) Bord ciliaire.  The edge in which the cilia
or eyelashes are situate.
  Ciliary Motion, see Cilia.
  Ciliary  Muscle,  Mus'ciilue cilia'ris.   The
part of the  orbicularis palpebrarum  in the vici-
nity of the  ciliary margin.  Also, the greyish,
semi-transparent  structure behind  the  ciliary
ligament and covering  the outside of the ciliary
body.   By  its contraction the ciliary processes,
and with them the lens, must be drawn towards
the cornea.   It appears to be the same muscle as
the Tensor choro'idea, Pro'trahens  lentis, or cho-
roid muscle  of some anatomists.
  Ciliary Nerves (Nerfe Iriena,—Chauss.), (F.)
Nerfa ciliairea.   These  are 12 to 16  in number.
They arise  from the nasal nerve, and  particu-
larly from  the anterior  part  of tbe  ophthalmic
ganglion ; and unite  in two fasciculi,  which pass
around the optic nerve, and pierce the sclerotica
near the  entrance of that nerve  into the eye.
They are lost in the ciliary ligament.
  Ciliary Plexus, C. Ligament.  .
  Ciliary  Proc"esses,  Procea'aua  seu  Rad'ii
seu Stria cilia'rea, (¥.) Procla  ciliairea,  Rayona
aoua-iriena — (Ch.).   Triangular folds, sixty or
eighty in number, placed at the side of each other,
and  radiating, so as to resemble  the disk of  a
radiated flower.   They are lodged in depressions
at the  anterior part of the vitreous humour.  The
uses of these processes are not known.
   Ciliary Ring," Ciliary ligament.
   Ciliary  Stride  are  numerous pale,  radiated
striae in the posterior portion of the  Corpua cili-
are, but so  covered by the Pigmentum nigrum as
not to be distinctly seen till the paint is removed.
The ciliary  processes are  formed by these striae.
   Ciliary  Veins, (F.)  Veinea ciliairea,  follow
nearly the  same  course as the  arteries.  In  the
choroid  they are so tortuous, that  they have  re-
ceived the name Vaaa vortico'sa.  They open into
the ophthalmic vein.
  Ciliary  Zone, Zona seu Zo'nula seu Lam'ina
Cilia'ris, Membran'nla  Coro'na Cilia'ria.  Under
the  corpus ciliare, the  capsule  of the  vitreous
humour sends off an external lamina, which ac-
companies  the  retina,  and is inserted, with it.
into the forepart of  the capsule of   the lens,  a
little before its anterior edge.  This is the Zonula
ciliaris. Zonula  Zin'nii or Zonula of Zinn,  Co-
ro'na  Cilia'ria, Orbic'ulua Cilia'ria.   It  is of  a
striated appearance and circular form, and assists
in fixing the lens to the vitreous humour.
   CIL'IATED, Cilia'tua,  (¥.)  CiliS,  from cilia.
Provided with  cilia — as "ciliated epithelium,"
the epithelium  to which  vibratory cilia are  at-
tached.
   CILIUM, see Cilia.
   CILLEMENT, Nictation.
   CILLO.   A name given by  some  authors to
those whose upper eyelid is  perpetually tremu-
lous ;—a trembling, which in  some cases is called
 Life's blood.  " To have life's blood  in the eye,"
in other words, is to have this  affection.  Vogel
 calls it Cillo'sis.
   CILLOSIS, Cillo.
   CILS, Cilia—c. Vibratils, see Cilia.
   CIMEX, G. lectula'riua, Acan'thia leetttla'ria,
 Koria, Kopts.  The Bug ; Wall, Houae or Bed Bug
 or Chinche.  (¥.) Punaiae.  Six  or seven of these,
 given internally, are said to have prevented ague!
 There  is scarcely anything which is sufficiently
 disgusting, that has not been exhibited for  this
 purpose, and with more or less success.  The lug
 has also been esteemed emmenagogue.
   CIMICIFUGA, Actu-a racemosa.
   CIMO'LIA  PURPURES'CENS,  Terra  Sapo.
 na'ria  seu  Fulloit'ica, Fttller'a Earth.  A com-
 pact bolar  earth, employed in the arts.   Used at
 times as  a cooling  application to inflamed nip.
 pies, Ac
   Cimo'lia Terra,  Cimo'lia alba, Cimo'lus, Smtt-
 tis, Smectris; from  KtpuXos,  an island in the Cre-
 tan Sea, where it is procured.  It was formerly
 used as an astringent, Ac.—Scribonius  Largug,
 Pliny.   Probably, the same  as the last.
   CINA  CIXA, Cinchona—c. Levantica, Arte-
 misia Santonica.
   CINABARIS,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru.
 brum.
   CINABARIUM,  Hydrargyri sulphuretum rq.
 brum.
   CIN'ABRA, Grasua.  The smell of a he-goat
 A rank  smell, like that  of the armpit, Hi rem
 ala'rum.
    CINABRE,  Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum.
   CINJEDIA,  Masturbation.
   CINARA HORTENSIS, Cynara scolymus—c,
 Scolymus,  Cynara scolymus.
    CINCHO'NA.    So called  from  the Spanish
 Viceroy's lady, the  Countess  de Cinchon, who
 was cured of  fever by it at  Lima, about 1638.
 Called also Cortex  seu Pulvis Jesuit'icus, Jesuit's
 Bark or Powder, Cortex Patrum, because it was
 introduced into Europe by the Jesuits; also Pui-
 via Comitia'aa or the Counteaa'a Powder, and Car-
 dinal del Lugo'a Powder, Cortex  Curdina'lia de
 Lugo, because he introduced it at Rome; and in
 France,  Talbor's Powder and English  remedy,    j
 because  successfuUy  used there by Sir Robert
 Talbor, who  kept it a secret.   It is the phnrma-
 copoeial  name  of   several kinds of barks from
 various species of Cinchona,  from the  western
 coast of South America.  Order,  Cinchonacese.
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia.   Called, also,
 Cortex, Baric, Peruvian Bark, Cortex China seu
 China,  Chinchlna, Polos  de Calentura,  Kina
 Ktna,  (Bark of Barks,) Kinklna, Cina  Cina,
 Quina Quina,  Quinquina, Magnum Dei donum,
 (¥.) Quinquina; and in  Peru Cascara and Cos-
 carilla.  See Cascara.
    Cinchona Amygdalifolia, see Cinchonae cor-
 difolias cortex1—c.  Boliviana,  see Cinchona? cor-
 difoliae cortex—c Calisaya, see Cinchonae  cordi-
 foliae cortex — c Micrantha, see Cinchonae cordi-    M
 foliae cortex—c. Officinalis (Cortex Flavus), Cin-   A
 chonae cordifoliae cortex — c. Pallida, Cinchona   V
 lancifoliae cortex—c  Ovata, see Cinchonas  cordi-    I
 foliae cortex — c. Pitaya, Pitaya bark—c. Pubes-
 cens, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex — c. Scro-    m
 bicula, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex—c. of Vir-    I
 ginia,  Magnolia glauca.                           I
    Cincho'n^e   Caribje'^e  Cortex, from  Exos-    8
 tem'ma Cariba'um,  Cariba'an or  Saint  Lucia    1
 Bark, (¥.) Ecorce  de Saint  Lucie,  Quinquina
 Piton, from  Exoste'ma  floribund'um; and th«
 Pitaya Bark, Quinquina  blcolor, from an eios-
 tema [?] or from strychnos pseudoquina  [?], art
 useful substitutes for the cinchona of Peru.  These
 are  the  most  important  spurious barks.  They
 contain neither quinia nor cinchonia.
    Cinchonae Cordifo'lijs Cortex, Cortex flarm,
 Cinchona  officinalis cortex, flavus,  China re'gie
 seu Calisay'a, Cortex China  re'gius seu fiatnt
 seu lu'tens,  Yellow  Royal or Calisay'a  Belli,
 ; (F.) Quinquina jaune ou jaune royal, Calasaftf  |
 Odour aromatic; taste strong, bitter, astringent
 Not rolled; often  without the epidermis, whi«n
 is very thick  and  inert; light, friable; fractur*
 fibrous.  Active principle Quinia.   The faU OT
;l apunoua Caliaaya  barks  are  those of Cinchon* 
CINCHONIA       •      20 7               CINNAMON
Caliaaya, variety Josephiana; C. Boliriana,  C.
ovuta. variety rufinervis,  called,  in  Peru,  Cas-
carilla Carabaya — the Carabaya bark of com-
merce;—of C. ecrobicttlata, two varieties,  Cusco
tanfc and Bark of St. Ann ; of C. pubescena, which
furnishes the Cusco or Arica bark; of C. niicran-
thu and of C. amygdalifolia.
  Cinchon.e Lancifo'lij-: Cortex, Cortex  Peru-
via'tuts seu pallidas, Cinchona offteina'lie cortex
comtnu'nis,  Cinehona pallida,  Pale,  Loxa  or
Croum Bark, (¥.) Quinquina gria de Loxa,  Quin-
quina  Orange.   Its  odour  is  aromatic;   taste
pleasant, bitter, and astringent.  The pieces are
rolled  in  double  or single  quills.   Epidermis
brown,  cracked; fracture resinous.  Internally
of  a cinnamon colour.   Its  active  principle is
Cinchonia.
   Cinchona  Oblongifo'li.e  Cortex,  Cortex
ruber,  Cinchona officina'lia  cortex,   ruber, Red
Bark, (¥.) Quinquina rouge, (Sp.) Cascarilla roxa
and ft Colorado, of S. America.  Odour and taste
the same as the pale, but more intense: in  large
flat pieces, solid, heavy, dry ; fracture short and
smooth; of a  deep  brownish-red  colour.  Al-
though  this  variety  of bark is assigned to the
Cinchona  oblongifolia by some, it  would  seem,
that nothing is certainly known as  to its source.
Active principles,  Cinchonia and Quinia.
   The last three are the only officinal varieties
in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States.  There
are many other varieties,  however, which are
genuine cinchona barks,  and yet  have not been
considered worthy of an  officinal  position.   The
 Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia admits,  indeed, Cin-
chona einerea, Grey bark, Silver bark or Huanuco
 or Lima bark, which is obtained around Huanuco
in Peru, and, with the Jaen or Ash bark and the
 Httamiliee bark, belongs  to  the class of pale or
Loxa barks.  Amongst the genuine  but inferior
barks are those  brought from the northern Atlan-
 tic ports of South America, which, in commerce,
 are variously called Pitaya,  Bogota,  Carthagena,
 Maracaybo, and Santa Martha barka.  The Bo-
 gota  is also  called  Fusa gaauga and Coquetta
 bark.
   All  these  barks are bitter, astringent,  tonic,
 and eminently  febrifuge.  The yellow bark has
 been thought equal to any of the others, but the
 red contains more active principle. The discovery
 of their active principles is  one of the most im-
 portant gifts of modern chymistry. . Still, in per-
 nicious intermittents, the bark, in substance,  is
often demanded. It  is employed in every disease
in  which there is deficient tone; but in  cases
where the stomach is much debilitated, the pow-
der had better be avoided, in consequence  of the
woody fibre, which might disagree.   Externally,
it is used in enemata, gargles, Ac, and in gan-
grenous ulcerations.  When  it excites nausea, an
aromatic may be added to it; if purging, opium;
if costiveness,  rhubarb,  Ac   Dose,  3SS to £j or
more.
   Essential Salt of Bark, as  it  is  called,  is
an extract, prepared by  macerating the bruised
substance of bark  in cold water, and submitting
the infusion  to a very slow evaporation.
   CINCHONIA,  Cinchonine —c.  Tannate  of,
Quiniae et cinchonins  tannas.
   CINCHON'ICINE,CVjicAotn'ci'nn, Cinchonic"ia.
When a salt of cinchonia is exposed to heat, with
oertain  precautions, the alkaloid is changed into
another, isomeric with itself, to which this name
has been given.  Cinchonicine, and  its sulphate,
possess  the same medical properties as  cinchonia
and its salts.  Dose,  gr. v. to gr. xv.
   CINCH'ONINE, Cinchoni'na, Cinch'onin, Cin-\
cho'nia.  The active  principle of  Cincho'na lan-
cifn'lia.  An  organic,  crystalline  alkali;   of  a
white colour, and bitter, slightly astringent  taste;
very soluble in alcohol and ether, but almost in
soluble in water.
  Sulphate of Cinchonia, which is formed directly
from cinchonia, is soluble in water and alcohol.
The action of the sulphate of Mnckonia is similar
to that of the sulphate of quinia: but it  is less
energetic, and consequently requires to be given
in a larger dose.
  Cincuonine,  Tartrate of, see Quinine, tar-
trate of.
  C1NCI10NISM, Quininism.
  CIXCHOT1X,  Quinidia.
  CINCIX'XULUS. A little lock or eurl of hair.
  CINCIX'XUS.  A curled or frizzled lock.  The
hair on the temples.
  CINC'LICIS,  Cinclie'mua,  'agitation;  rapid
and  frequent motion.'  The  movement  of  the
thorax in dyspnoea. — Hippocrates.  It has been
used, also, synonymously with nictation.
  CLNCL1SMUS, Cincli'sis.
  CINEFACTIO, Incineration.
  C I N E'M A,   Cine'eis, from  Ktvtui, ' I  move.'
Motion.
  CINERARIA  MARITIMA, Achoavon, Abiat
  CIXERATION, Incineration.
  CINERES  CLAVELLATI,  see  Potash —c.
Gravellati, see  Potash — c.  Russici, Potash  of
commerce.
  CINEREUS,  Cineritious.
  C I N E R I T"I 0 U S, Ciner'eiia, from einerea,
'ashes/ (F.)  CendrS.  Of the  colour of ashes.
The cortical substance of the brain, and the vesi-
cular  neurine in general, have been so  called.
See Cortex Cerebri, and Neurine.
  CINESIPATHY, Kinesipathy.
  CINESIS, Cinema, Motion.
  CINETH'MICS, from  kivm,   'I move.'  The
science of movements  in general.
  CINETIC, Motory.
  CINET'ICA.   Same etymon.   Diseases affect-
ing the  muscles, and  characterized  by  irregular
action of the muscles or muscular fibres, commonly
denominated Spaam.   The 3d order in  the class
Neurotica of Good.  Also, agents that affect the
voluntary or involuntary motions.—Pereira.
  CINETUS, Diaphragm.
  CINGULARIA, Lycopodium.
  CIN'GULUM, Zone, from cingo, 'I bind.' (F.)
Ceinture. A cincture.  A girdle.  The part  of
the body, situate below the  ribs, to^hich the
girdle is applied.  The waist.  Herpes zoster.
  Cin'gulum  Hilda'ni,  Zo'nula Hilda'ni,  (¥.)
Ceinture de Hildane.   A leathern girdle formerly
used for the reduction  of luxations and fractures
of the extremities.
  Cin'gulum  Mercuria'le,  ft  Sapien'tia  seu
Stiiltil'ia.  A woollen girdle, containing mercu-
rial ointment.  It was used  as an antisyphilitic,
and in diseases of the  skin.   (F.) Ceinture de vif
argent.
  Cingulum Sancti Joannis, Artemisia vulgaris.
  CININ, Santonine.
  CINIS FJECUM, see Potash —c. Infectorius,
see Potash.
  CINNABAR,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru-
brum—c. Graecorum, see Calamus rotang.
  CINNABRE,  Hydrargyri sulphuretum  ru-
brum.
  CINNAMOMUM,  Laurus  cinnamomum —c
Album, Canella Alba—c. Aromaticum, see Lauru?
cinnamomum—c. Culilawan, Laurus Culilawan—
c. Indicum,  Laurus  cassia — c Magellanicum,
Wintera aromatica—c Malabaricum, Laurus cas-
sia— c.  Sylvestre Amerieanum,  Nectandra cin-
namomoides — c  Zeylanicum,  Laurus   cinna-
momum.
  CINNAMON,   see  Laurus  cinnamomum — e.
Malabar, Laurus cassia—c. AVild, Laurus cassia. 
CINONOSI                208      ,       CIRCUMFLEX
  CIXON'OSI, from Kivta, ' I move/ and voo-os,
'a disease.'  Diseases of motion.
  CINOPER, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum.
  CINOPLAXE'SIS, from Kivtm, 'I move/ and
nXavncts,  'a wandering about.'  Irregularity of
motion.
  CINQUEFOIL, Potentilla rep tan s — c. Marsh, '
Comarum palustre — c. Norway, Potentilla Nor-
vegica.                                        11
  CINZILLA, Herpes zoster.
  CION, Uvula.                               I!
  CI'ONIS.  The U'vula.  Also, tumefaction, or ;
elongation of the uvula;  Staphylodialyeia.      ij
  CIONI'TIS, from  xtovts, 'the uvula/ and itia, \\
'inflammation.'   Inflammation of the  uvula,  !
Uvuli'tia.                                     I
  CIONORRHAPHIA, Staphyloraphy.         j
  CIONOTOME,  from  kiuv,  'the uvula/ and j
ropn,  'incision.'  Curved scissors for cutting off j
the uvula.                                     |
  CIONOT'OMY,  Cionotom'ia, from kmv,  'the
uvula/  and ropn,  ' incision.'   Excision  of  the
uvula when too long.
  CIPIPA, see Jatropha manihot.
  CIRC^EA, Atropa mandragora,  Ciroaea Lute-
tian a.
  Circe'a Lutetia'na,  Circa'a, Paris'ian Cir-
ca'a, from Circe, the Enchantress;  Enchant'ers'
Nightsharle,  (¥.) Herbe  de  Saint fitienne' ou j
aux Sorciers.  This plant, common in the vicinity
of Paris, was formerly considered to be resolvent
and vulnerary.  It was also supposed to possess
wonderful magical and enchanting properties.
  CIRCINUS, Herpes zoster.
  CIRCLE,  Circulus—c. Ciliary, Ciliary liga-
ment—c. of Willis, see Circulus.
  CIRCOCELE, Cirsocele.
   CIR CONCISION, Circumcision.
   CIRCONFLEXE, Circumflexus.
   CIRCONSCRIT, Circumscribed.
   CIRCONVOLUTION, Convolution.
  CIRCUIT,  Circu'itus;  in  pathological  lan-
guage, generally means 'period/ course.'
  CIRCUITUS, Period,  Circuit.
   CIR'CULAR, Circula'ris,  from  circulus,  'a
circle.'  (F.) Circulaire.  Having  the  form  of
a circular ;  as Circular Amputation, Ac.
  The French use  the expression " Une circu-
laire," for a turn of  a bandage around any part.
   CmcuiftR Sinus of Ridley, Sinus coronarius.
   CIRCULA'TION,  Circula'tio,   Cyclophor'ia,
 Cyclo'eia, Periodua  san'guinis, from eirculua, ' a
circle;' or rather, from circum,'around/andferre,
latum, 'to  carry.'   (F.)  Circulation.  Physiolo-
gists give this name to the motion of the blood
through the'different vessels of the body—sangui-
motion ; — to  that function, by which the blood,
setting out from the left ventricle of the heart, is
distributed  to every part of the body by the ar-
teries;— proceeds into the veins,  returns to the
heart, enters the right auricle, and passes into the
corresponding ventricle,  which sends it into the
pulmonary artery to be distributed to the lungs,
whence  it issues by the pulmonary veins,  and
passes into  the left auricle.  From  this it is sent
into the left ventricle, and is again  distributed by
 means of the arteries.
   Circulation, Cap'illary, ft des Parenchymes,
is that which takes place in the capillary vessels;
 and is. in some  measure, independent of the ac-
tion of the heart.   See Capillary Vessels.
   Circulation, Pulmon'ic or lesser, is the cir-
 cle from the right to the left side of the heart by
 the  lungs. — The greater or systematic or
 system'ic, is that through the rest of the system.
   CIRCULATOIRE, Circulatory.
   CIRCULATOR,  Charlatan.
   CIR'CULATORY, Circuluto'rius, (F.) Circula-
toire : snme etymon as circulation.   Relating to
the circulation of the blood;—aanguimo'tory.
  CIR'CULUS.   A  circle or ring;  Cyclua,  Ci'.
rios, (¥.) Ccrcle.  Any part of the body which ia
round or annular, as Cir'culua Oc'uli—the glob*,
bulb, or orb of the eye.—Hippocr., Galen.  It U,
also, applied to objects, which by no moans form
a circle, — as to the Circle  of  Willis,  Cir'eulut
arterio'sua Willis'ii, (F.) Hexagone artirielle,
which is an anastomotic circle at the base  of the
brain, formed by the anterior and  the  posterior
cerebral arteries and the communicating arteriea
of Willis.
  Circulus Arteriosus I'ridis.   The  artery
which runs round the iris, and forms a circle.
  Circulus Arteriosus Willisii, Circle of Wil.
lis, see Circulus — c. Ciliaris, Ciliary ligament —
c. Membranous,  Hymen.
  Cir'culur Callo'sus Halleri.  Tendo eordit
veno'sus.  The  fibro-cartilaginous rings, around
the  auriculo-ventricular  openings of the heart,
to which the  tricuspid and mitral valves are at-
tached.
  Circulus Quad'ruplex ; a kind  of  bandage
used by the ancients.
  Circulus Tonsillaris.  A plexus formed by
the tonsillitic branches of the glosso-pharyngeal
nerve around the base of the tonsil.
  Circulus Veno'sus, Figu'ra veno'sa,  Venn seu
Sinus termina'lia.   The venous circle in the em-
bryo, which bounds the Area Vaaculoea or Pciicii-
lar Area.
  Cir'culus  Veno'sus Are'oljE.  The venona
circle, formed by the union of the veins around
the nipple. It embraces, however, only two-thirds
of the circuit.
   CIRCUMAGENTES, Oblique muscles of  the
eye.
   CIRCUMCAULALIS   MEMBRANA,  Con.
junctiva.
   CIRCUMCISIO,  Circumcision —c. Fcemina-
rum, see Circumcision.
   CIRCUMCIS'ION,  Circumcie'io, Posthet'omy,
Pracia'io seu Abacia'io Prapu'tii, Circtimdtu'ra,
Circumsec'tio, Peril ome, from  circum, 'around,'
and cadere,' to cut.'  (¥.) Circoncision.  An an-
cient operation,  performed by some nations as a
religious ceremony.   It consists in removing  cir-
cularly a  portion of the  prepuce of infants;—a
custom,  which  was probably suggested with a
view to  cleanliness.  In  cases  of extraordinary
length of prepuce, or when affected with disease,
the  operation is sometimes  undertaken by sur-
geons.  A similar operation is performed, amonpt
the  Egyptians, Arabians, and  Persians, on  tie
female, Circumcis'io foemina'rum, by removing a
portion of the nymphae, and at times the clitoris,
   CIRCUMCISURA, Circumcision.
   CIRCUMDUCTIO, Perispbalsis.
   CIRCUMDUCTIONIS  OPIFEX,   Obliqnui
superior oculi.
   CIRCUMFLEX,  Circumflex'us, from cirew,
'around/  and flexus, 'bent.'   (F.) Circonflexe.
Curved  circularly.  A name given  to several
organs.
   Circumflex or Artic'ular  Ar'teries of tl«
arm are distinguished into  anterior and pottt-
rior.  They arise from the axillary, and are  du
tributed around the shoulder.
   Circumflex Arteries of ttie Thigh are dis-
tinguished into  external and internal.—A. Sotu-
trochantSriennes—Ch.  They are given off from
the Profunda, and surround the head of the thigh
bone.
   Circumflex Muscle, Circumflexus 3Me»lm,
ft Pala'tiMollis, Tensor Pala'ti, PeristaphyWn^
exter'nus seu inferior, Spheno-salpingo-ataphjflf-
nua  seu Staphyllnus exter'nus, Mus'cuius lulu
nova,  Pala'to-saipingeus,  Pter'ygo-staphyli'ni-, 
CIRCUMFORANEOUS        209             CITREOLUS
Petro-salpin'go-staphyli'n us, Sphcno-pter'ygo-pa-
lati'nitt, Salpingo-ataphyllnua, (¥.) Paluto-aal-
pingien.  A muscle, which  arises from the spi-
nous process of the sphenoid bone, and is in-
lerted into tho velum pendulum palati.  Its use is
to stretch the velum.
  Circumflex Nerve, Axillary Nerve.
  Circumflex Veins follow the arteries.
  CIRCUMFORANEOUS, Charlatan.
  CIRCUMFU'SA.  HalbS has thus  designated
the first class of subjects that belong to Hygiene
— as  atmosphere,  climate,  residence,  Ac;  in
Bhort, every thing which acts  constantly on man
externally and internally.
  CIRCUMGYRATIO, Vertigo.
  CIRCUMLIGATURA, Paraphimosis.
  CIRCUMLIT"IO, from circumlino,  'I anoint
all  over.'   Perich'riaia,  Perichria'ton.  A term
formerly  used  for liniments,  but especially for
those applied to the eyelids.
  CIRCUMOSSALE,  Periosteum.
  CIR'CUMSCRIBED, Circumacrip'tua, (¥.) Cir-
conscrit.  A term applied, in pathology, to tu-
mours, which are distinct at their  base from the
surrounding parts.
   CIRCUMSECTIO, Circumcision.
   CIRCUMVALLATiE PAPILLiE, see Papillaa
of tbe Tongue.
   CIRE, Cera.
   CIRE  JAUNE  ET BLANCHE,  Cera flava
et alba—c.  dea Oreillea, Cerumen.
   C1RI0S, Circulus.
   CIRON, Acarus, Psora.
   CIRRHAGRA, Plica—c. Polonorum, Plica.
   CIRRHON'OSUS;  from nppos, 'yellow/ and
vooos, ' disease.'  A disease of the foetus, in which
there is a yellow coloration of the serous mem-
branes.—Siebenhaar.
   CIRRHOSE, Cirrhosis—c. du Foie, Cirrhosis.
   CIRRHO'SIS,  Kirrho''aia,  Cirrhono'eia,  Kir-
rhnno'eia, (¥.) Cirrhoae, from Kippos, 'yellow.'  A
yellow colouring  matter, sometimes secreted in
the tissues, owing to a morbid process.  Also,
called Cirrho'aia or Kirrho'sis.
   Cirrho'sis Hep'atis,  see Hepatatrophia.
 Gran'ulated, gran'ular,  mam'millated,  tuber'cu-
lated, and hob-nailed liver, (¥.) Cirrhose du Foie.
It appears to be dependent upon repletion of the
terminal  extremities  of the  biliary  ducts  with
bile, along  with atrophy of the intervening pa-
renchyma.   Hence the.liver is smaller in size, or
atrophied.
   Cirrhosis Hepatis, see Cirrhosis.
   Cirrhosis of the Lung, Cirrho'sis pulmo'num.
Dr. Corrigan has  described a condition  of the
lung under  this name, the general character of
which  he considers to be a tendency to consoli-
dation or  contraction  of the pulmonary tissue,
with dilatation of the  bronchial tubes.
   Cirrhosis Pulmonum, C. of the Lung.
  CIRRHOT'IC,  Cirrhot'icus.  Same etymon as
cirrhosis.  Affected with, or having the character
of cirrhosis.
  CIR'SIUM ARVEN'SE, Car'duua  hemorrho-
'ida'lia, Ceano'thos,  (¥.) Chardon hSmorrhoidal.
A common  plant, used in France, in the form of
cataplasm  in  hemorrhoids;  and worn  as  an
amulet.
  Cirmum Maculatum, Carduus marianus.
  CIRSOCE'LE,  Circoce'le,  Cirsos'cheum, from
xtoaos,' rarix,' and KnXn, ' hernia;' Var'icose Her'-
nia.  The greater part of authors have employed
the term synonymously with  Varicocele.   Pott
gives it a  different signification.   Yaricocele,  he
oalls the tumour formed by the veins of the scro-
tum ;  Cn-eocele, Funic'ulus  varico'sus, the vari-
cose dilatation of the spermatic veins.   The scro-
tum feels as if  it contained  earthworms.  It is !
      11
 commonly an  affection  of no consequence, de-
 manding merely the use of a suspensory bandage.
   CIRSOI'DES, Cirso'des, from xtpoos, ' varix,'
 and ttios,' resemblance.'  Varicose, or resembling
 a varix.  Rufus of Ephesus, according to James,
 applies this term to the upper part of the  brain,
; as well as to the spermatic vessels.
   CIRSOM'PHALUS, from Kipoos, 'varix/ and
 opcjiaXos, 'navel.'  Varicose dilatation of the veins
 surrounding the navel.  The  term has, likewise,
 been applied to the aneurismal dilatation  of the
 arteries of that region;  called also, Variconqih'-
 alua, (¥.) Hurgne anSvrysmale, Aneurismal Hernia.
   CIRSOPHTHAL'MIA,  Ciraophthalmiia, Te-
 langiectasia oculi,  from Kipoos, 'varix/ and o<p-
 SaXpos,  'the  eye/  Var'icoae ophthalmia,  Oph-
 thalmia varico'ea, Varicoa'itaa conjunctiva.  A
 high degree of ophthalmia, in which the vessels
 of the conjunctiva are considerably injected.
   CIRSOSCHEUM, Cirsocele.
   CIRSOT'OMY,  Cireotom'ia, from Kipoos, 'va-
 rix/ and tojuij,  'an  incision.'   Any operation for
 the removal of varices by incision.
    CIRSUS, Varix.
   CIRSYDROSCHEOCE'LE, from  Kipcos, 'va-
 rix/ 'vimp, 'water/ ooxtov, the 'scrotum.'   Vari-
 cocele with water in the scrotum.
    C1SEAU (¥.), Forfex.  An instrument, com-
 posed of a flattened  rod of metal, sharpened at
 one extremity, and used in anatomical  prepara-
 tions, and in certain surgical operations, for di-
 viding bones.
    CISEAUX,  Scissors.
    CISSA, Malacia.
    CISSAM'PELOS CAPEN'SIS, Nat. Ord. Me-
 nispermaceae, grows in almost every mountainous
 part of the Cape of Good Hope. The root is used
 as an emetic and cathartic by the Boers.
    Cissampelos Glaberrima, see  Pareira brava
 —c. Pareira, Pareira brava.
    CISSARUS, Cistus Creticus.
    CISSI'NUM, from kiocos,  'ivy.'  Name of a
 plaster  of ivy,  used in wounds of the nerves or
 tendons.—Paulus of Jilgina.
    CISSOIDES, Capreolaris.
    CISSOS, Hedera helix.
    CISTERN,  LUMBAR, Receptaculum chyli.
    CISTER'NA, from Kiory, (L.) data, 'a  chest'
 (F.) Citerne.   This term has been applied to va-
 rious parts of the body,  which serve as reservoirs
 for different fluids.   The fourth ventricle  of the
 brain has been so called.—Arantius.
    Cisterna Chyli, Receptaculum  chyli.
    CISTHORUS, Cistus Creticus.
    CISTOCELE, Cystocele.
    CISTUS  CANADENSIS,  Helianthemum Ca-
 nadense.
    Cistus Cre'ticus, ft  aalvifo'liua seu tau'ricua,
 Cia'thorua, Cis'santa, Dorycin'ium, Gum  Cistua.
 Ord.  Cystineaj;  Sex. Syst.  Polyandria Mono-
 gynia.  The systematic name of the plant whence
 the Labda'num, Labda'men or Lada'num, Gum'mi
 Labda'num, is obtained.  Lada'num  is a  gum-
 resinous substance,  of  a very agreeable  smell,
 found in the shops in  great masses.  Its colour is
 blackish-green; taste, warm and  bitter.   It is
 but little used  now.  Formerly, it was a compo-
 nent of warm  plasters, and was prescribed inter-
 nally as a stomachic  Ladanum is also obtained
 from Cietua ladanif'erua, and ft laurifo'liua.
   Cistus, Gum, Cistus Creticus — c. Salvifolius,
 C. Creticus—c.  Tauricus, C. Creticus.
   CITERNE LOMBAIRE, Receptaculum chyli.
   CITHARUS, Thorax.
   CITRAGO, Melissa.
   OITRARIA, Melissa.
   CITRAS C1IINICUS, Quiniae citras.
   CITREA MALUS, see Citrus medica.
   CITREpLLS, Cucumis sativus. 
CITRIC  ACID             21
  CIT'RIC ACID, Ac"idum cilricum, Ac"idum jj
Limo'nia, Acid of Lemons, Ac"idum Limo'nttm, I
(F.) Acide citriqtte.  This  acid  is found in the i
lemon, orange, Ac.  It is in rhomboidal prisms, l|
which  slightly effloresce on exposure to the air. I
It dissolves in a twelfth  part of its weight in
boiling water, and  has an extremely acid but
agreeable taste.   It is  employed in medicine as
antiseptic, refrigerant and  diuretic  Rubbed up
with sugar  and with a little  of the essence of
lemon, it forms the dry Lemonade, (¥.) Limonade ,
slche.
  CITRINE OINTMENT, Unguentum hydrar-
gyri nitratis.
  CITRON, see Citrus medica—c. Tree, see Ci-
trus medica.
  CITRONELLE, Artemisia abrotanum,  Me-

  CITRONNADE, Lemonade.
  CITROUILLE, Cucurbita.
  CITRUL, SICILIAN, Cucurbita citrullus.
  CITRULLUS, Cucurbita citrullus.
  Citrullus Ama'rus.  An African plant,  Ord.
Cucurbitaceae, called by the Boers Bitterappel or
 Wild  Watermelon, the pulp of  which, like that
of colocynth, is a drastic cathartic.
  Citrullus Colocynthis, Cueumis colocynthis.
  CITRUS,  see  Citrus  medica — c. Acida, see
Lime.
  Citrus Auran'tium. The systematic name of
the Orange  Tree,  Auran'tium,  A. Hiapalen'se,
Mains Auran'tia, Mains Auratltia major seu vul-
ga'ris, Auran'tium  vulga're,   Citrus vulga'ris.
 Ord. Aurantiaceae.   Sex. Syst. Polyadelphia Ico-
sandria.  The fruit are called Mala Au'rea, Chry-
solite'lia, Neran'tia, Martia'na Poma,  Poma Au-
ran'tia seu Chinen'sia,  Auran'tia  Curassav'ica,
 Orangee.  Tbe  Flowers of the  Orange,  Flares
 Napha, are highly odoriferous, and  used  as a
perfume.  On distillation, they  yield a small
quantity of essential oil—O'leum Auran'tii, Oleum
 seu Eaeen'tia Nero'li,—with spirit and water, the
 Aqua  Florutn  Auran'tii,  Auran'tii floria aqua,
 Aqua  aurantii, Orange-flower  water.   They were
 once used in convulsive and epileptic cases.  The
 leaves, Fo'lia Auran'tii, have  a bitterish taste,
 and furnish an essential  oil.   They have  been
 used for the same purposes as the flowers.  The
 yellow rind of the fruit,  Auran'tii Cortex (Ph.
 U. S.), Citrus Bigara'dia  (Ph.  L.), Bigarade' or
 Bitter Orange, Orange Peel, is an aromatic bitter,
 and is used in dyspepsia, and  where that class of
 remedies is required.  The Juice, Succus Auran'-
 tii, Orange juice, is a grateful acid, and used as
 a, beverage in febrile and scorbutic affections.
    Citrus  Bergamia,  Citrus melia  rosa — c. Bi-
 garadia,  see  Citrus  aurantium — c. Decumana,
 Shaddock—c Limetta, see Citrus melia rosa,—c.
 Limonum, C. medica.
    Citrus Med'ica, ft Limo'num.  The systematic
 name of the Lemon  Tree.  The Lemon, Limon
 (Ph.  U. S.), Limo'nttm Malum seu Bacea, Malus
 Med'ica, M.  Limo'nia Ac"ida, Limon,  Cilrea
 Mains,  Citrua, (F.) Citron, CSdrat, has a fragrant
 odour, depending upon the essential oil, O'leum
 Limo'nia, of the rind.  The  outer rind,  Cortex
 Limo'num, Limo'nia Cortex  (Ph. U.  S.), Lemon
 Peel, Zeat, Flave'do Corticum  Citri, is used in  the
 same cases as the Cortex Auran'tii.
    The juice, Succua Limo'nia,  Limo'num Succus
 (Ph.  L.), (F.) Sue  du Limon,  Sue de Citron, is
 sharp, but gratefully acid, the acidity depending
 upon the citric acid it contains, and is given as a
 refrigerant  beverage  in  febrile  affections.  In
 doses of half an ounce to  an ounce, three times a
 dty, it has appeared to exert a markedly sedative
0                  CLAP
influence on the circulation, and has been  given,
apparently with benefit, in acute rheumatism ami
rheumatic gout.  Alone, or combined with wine,
it is prescribed in scurvy, putrid sore  throat, Ac.
Its  general properties arc  refrigerant and anti-
septic  Sweetened and diluted, it forms Lemon.
ade.   Artificial lemon-juice is made by dissolving
an ounce of citric acid in fourteen fluidounees of
water; adding a few drops of essence  of lemon.
  Lemonpeel tea, or water,  is made by paring tho
rind of one lemon, previously rubbed with half an
ounce of sugar: the peelings and sugar are then
put into a jar, and a quart of boiling water is
poured over them.  When  cold, the fluid must be
poured off, and a tablespoonful of lemon juice be
added.
  It is an agreeable drink  in fevers.
   Cit'ron Tree is likewise considered to  belong
to the same  species—Cittrua Med'ica.  Its fruit
is called cedrome'la.  It is larger and less  succu-
lent than the lemon.  Citron juice, when  sweet-
ened with sugar, is called by  the Italians Agrt
di Cedro.
   Citrus Mella  Rosa of De Lamarck, another
variety of Citrus Medica, affords the  Bergamote,
as also do Citrus Limet'ta and  ft Berga'mia.
   Citrus Vulgaris, Citrus aurantium.
   CITTA, Malacia.
   CITTARA, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Thest
 springs  are  in the Isle of Ischia,  near the sea,
 They contain carbonate and sulphate of lime, and
 chloride of sodium.  Their temperature is 100°
 Fahrenheit.
   CITTOS,  Hedera helix.
   CITTOSIS, Chlorosis, Malacia.
   CIVETTA, Zib'ethum, Civ'et, (¥.)  Civette. An
 unctuous perfume, of a very penetrating  odour,
 obtained from different mammalia of the Viver'ra
 kind,  particularly  from Viver'ra civet'ta. It is
 contained in a fold  of the skin, situate between
 the anus and the organs of generation.
   CLABBER, Bonnyclabber.
   CLABBERGRASS, Galium verum.
   CLADES GLANDULARIA, Plague.
   CLADISCOS, Ramusculus.
   CLADONIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicu*.
   Clado'nia Rangifer'rina.  The  ancients re-
 garded this  European plant as pectoral and sto-
 machic.  It enters into  the  composition of the
 Poudre de Chypre.
   CLADOS, Ramus.
   CLADRAS'TIS TINCTO'RIA, Virgil'ia YtU  J
 low Ash,  Fustic Tree, Yellow Locust.  An indi- ' 1
 genous  tree, which flourishes from Kentucky to   '
 Alabama.   The  bark  of  the  tree and the rootl
 are cathartic.
   CLAIRET, Claret
   CLAIRVOYANCE (¥.),  'Clear-seeing.'  A
 clearness of sight,  said to be  communicated by
 animal  magnetism,  which not only  enables the
 magnetized  person to see in the dark,  through
 stone walls, Ac,  but even to observe prospects,
 which he has never seen previously, whilst he
 may fancy he is flying in the air.   It need hardly
 be  said, that the  possession  of such powen.jd
 fabulous.
   CLAMMY, Vis'cidus, Glutino'sus,  (¥.)  Ptiteux,
 (D.) Klam, 'moist' Viscous; glutinous. A clamttf
 month, (¥.)  Bouche pdteuse, is one that is covered
 with a mucous coat
    Clammy  Weed, Polanisea graveoleni.
   CLAMOR, Cry.
    CLANGOR, Oxyphonia.
    CLAP, Gonorrhoea impura. 
CLAP1ER               211                  CLEF
  CLAPIER  (¥.). A clapper, Latib'ulum, from I
tXttirttv, 'to conceal.'  A purulent foyer of dis-
ease; concealed in the flesh or under the skin.
See Sinus.
  CLAPWORT, Orobanche Americana.
  CLAQUEMENT, Odontosynerismus.
  CLARENDON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Mild acidulous springs in Vermont; temperature
from 48° to 54° Fahr.   The gas, given off from
the water, consists of carbonic acid, oxygen, and
nitrogen.  The springs have a reputation in cu-
taneous diseases, chronic bronchitis, Ac.
  CLAR'ET,  ( Vin clair [?]), Clare'turn, Yin de
Bordeaux, (¥.) Clairet. A  pleasant French wine,
which  may be used whenever  wine is required.
Also, a wine impregnated with spice  and sugar,
called  likewise Vinum Hippocrat'icum seu Medi-
ca'tum, Potua Hippocrat'icus, Hip'pocras, Hyp'-
pocras. Schroder speaks of a Clare'turn alteram,
and a ft purgana.
   CLARETA, Albumen ovi.
   CLARETUM, Claret.
   CLARIFICATION, Clarifica'tio, Depura'tion,
from clarua, 'clear/ and facio, 'I make.' A phar-
maceutical operation, which consists in separating
from a liquid every insoluble substance, held  in
suspension  by it, that affects  its transparency.
Decanting and filtering are the operations neces-
sary for this purpose.
   CLARY, COMMON, Salvia sclarea.
   CLASIS, Fracture.
   CLASMA, Fracture.
   CLASS, Clas'sis, (¥.) Claaae. An  assemblage
 of a certain number of objects.   In Natural His-
 tory and in Medicine, a group of objects or indi-
viduals having one or more  common  characters.
 The claaeea are  divided into orders,  the orders
into genera, the genera into species, and these last
 into varietiea.
   CLASSIFICATION, Claaaifica'tio,from classis,
 'a class/and facio, 'I make.'  The formation of
 classes. A methodical distribution of  any objects
 whatever into classes, orders, genera, species, and
 Varieties.  See Nosography, and Nosology.
   CLASSY, MINERAL WATERS OF.   Classy
 is near Laon in  Picardy, France.  The  waters
 are chalybeate.
   CLAUDICATIO,  Claudication —c.  Anatica,
Vacillatio.
   CLAUDICATION, Claudica'tio, from claudi-
eare, 'to be lame.' The act of halting or limp-
ing.   Lameness,  (Prov.)  Hirpling,  Clau'ditas,
 Cholo'sis, Cholei'a, Cholo'ma, (¥.) Claudication,
Boitement,  Boiterie.   This  condition does not
constitute any special disease, but is produced by
different causes  or affections.  It may be the
result of the shortening or elongation of one of
the lower limbs, of ankylosis of the joints, palsy
of the  muscles, pain, Ac.
   CLAUDITAS,  Claudication.
   CLAUSTRUM GUTTURIS, Isthmus  of the
fauces — o. Palati, Velum  pendulum  palati — o.
Virginitatis, Hymen.
  CLAUSU'RA, from  claudere, 'to  shut' An
imperforation of any canal or cavity.
  Clausu'ra Uteri.   Preternatural  imperfora-
tion of the uterus.
  CLAVARUGOSA, Acorus calamus.
  CLAVALIER 1 FEUILLES DE FRENE,
Xanthoxylum clava Herculis.
  CLAVA'RIA  CORALLOI'DES,   Coralldides
Fungus,  Coralwort.   Ord.  Fungi,   (clava, 'a
knotty  branch, a club.')  Said to be corroborant
and astringent.  A kind of clavaria,  called (F.)
Digital  blanc, Digital humain,  Champignon  de
Vappareil des fracturea,  formed of  digitations,
grouped  together,  and two or three inches  in
length, is said to have been often found, formerly
at the HStel Dieu of Paris, on the splints of white
wood used  in  the treatment of fractures, in au-
tumn.—H.  Cloquet.
  CLAVATIO, Gomphosis.
  CLAVEAU, Murr.
  CLA VELEE, Murr.
  CLAVES CALVARLE, Wormiana Ossa.
  CLAVICLE,  Clavis, Clavic'ula,  Clavic'ulus,
Lig'ula,  Fitr'e-da, Os Jug'uli, Jug'ulum,  Cleis,
Clei'dion, from  clavis, 'a key/ (F.) Clavicule.
The collar-bone, (Old Eng.) Cannelbone, Channel-
bone, (Sc.)  Cannelbayne,  Cragbane, Halsbane.
The clavicle  is shaped like the letter S, and is
placed transversely at the upper part of the tho-
rax.  It is  articulated, at one extremity, with the
sternum; at the other with the acromion process
of the scapula.  It gives attachment, above,  to
the  Sterno-cleido mastoideus;  below, to the Sub-
clavius ; before, to the Pectoralis major and Del-
toides ; and behind,  to the Trapezius.  It serves
as a point of support for the muscles of the arm,
and protects the vessels and  nerves passing  te>
that extremity.
  The fibres, connecting the lamellae or plates of
bones, have also been called Clavic'uli or Nuils.
  CLAVICULAR,  Clavicula'ris,  (¥.)  Clavicu-
laire ; same etymon. Relating to the clavicle or
collar-bone.
  Clavicular  Nerves, Nervi clavicula'res.
Branches of the fourth'cervical nerve, which are
distributed to the clavicular region.
  CLA VICULE, Clavicle.
  CLAVICULI, see  Clavicle.
  CLAVIS, Clavicle, Key—c.  Anglica, Key.
  CLAVUS. A nail.   Helos,  Gomphos, (¥.)
Clou.  This  word is employed  in medicine  in
various senses.   It  means, 1. A Corn, from its
resemblance  to the head  of a nail.  2. Certain
condylomatous excrescences of the uterus.  3. A
callous tumour, which forms on  the white of the
eye, and resembles a nail, the  Clavus Oc'uli, (¥.)
Clou de I'ceil.   This  last,  by some, is considered
to be synonymous with staphyloma; by others,
with staphyloma of the cornea.  Also, the penis.
  Clavus  Hystericus,  Monopa'gia, Monope'-
gia, (F.) Clou HystSrique.  An acute pain, con-
fined to  a small point of the head, described  by
the sick  as resembling that which would be pro-
duced by a nail  driven  into  the  head.  It has
been particularly noticed in hysterical females ;—
hence its name.  It  is called  Ovum hyster'icum,
when the pain occupies a greater extent.
  Clavus Secalinus, Ergot—c. Secalis, Ergot—
c. Siliginis, Ergot
  CLEANSINGS, Lochia.
  CLEAR-SEEING, Clairvoyance.
  CLEARWEED, Pilea pumila.
  CLEAVAGE, from Anglo-Saxon cleoFan, 'to
split'  The natural line of separation exhibited
by  certain substances, as minerals, when sub-
jected to mechanical force.  The term has  been
applied to the separation of muscles into longitu-
dinal and circular striae,  when  mechanical vio-
lence is used.
  CLEAVERS, Galium aparine.
  Cleavers' Bees, Galium aparine.
  CLEAVEWORT, Galium verum.
  CLEF, Key — c. du Crane,  Wormiana ossa —
c. de Garengeot, Key—c. d Noix, see Key — c. et
Pivot, see Key—c. d Pompe, see Key. 
CLEFT                  212                CLIMATE
   CLEFT,  Rima, see Monster — c. Palate, see
 Harelip.
   CLEIDAGRA, Cleisagra.
   CLEIDION, Clavicle.
   CLEIDO-COSTAL, Costo-clavieular.
   CLEI'DO-MASTOI'DEUS.  Albinus thus de-
 signates the posterior portion of the sterno-cleido-
 mastoideus, which he considers a separate muscle.
 It has been corrupted into clino-maato'ideua.
   CLE IS, Clavicle,  Key.
   CLEIS'AGRA,  Cleid'agra, from  kXus,  'the
 clavicle/ and aypa,  ' a seizure.'   Gout  in  the
 clavicle.—A. Pari*.
   CLEITHORION, Clitoris.
   CLEITnORIS, Clitoris.
   CLEITORION, Clitoris.
   CLEITORIS, Clitoris.
   CLE'MATIS, from KXnpa, KX'nuaros, 'a  branch
 of a vine, a tendril.'  A genus of plants in the
 Linmean system.
   Clematis Daphnoides Major, Vinca minor—
 c. Corymbosa, C. erecta.
   Clematis Erect'a,  ft recta seu  corymbo'aa,
 Clematitis  erec'ta,  Flam'inula  Jovis,  Upright
 Virgin's  Bower,  (¥.) CISmatite  droite.  Order,
 Ranunculaceae.  Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia.
 Thp leaves  contain an acrid principle.  They have
 been esteemed anti-venereal; and,  in the  form
 of powder, have been used as an escharotic.
   Clematis Flammula, see C. vitalba—c. Recta,
 C. erecta—c. Sepium, C. Vitalba—c. Viorna, see
 C. Vitalba—c. Virginica, see C. Vitalba.
   Clematis Vital'ba,  ft se'pium  seu sylves'tris,
 Vitalba,  Vior'na,  Atra'gene, Traveller's Joy,
 Common  Virgin's Bower, (¥.) CISmatite,  Herbe
 aux gneux, Aubevigne.   It has been used in the
 same  cases as  the former.   In infusion it has
 been applied in cases of itch.
   The leaves of Clematis Crispa—c. Flam'mula,
 sweet-scented Virgin's bower—c Virgin'ica, com-
 mon Virgin'a  bower—and c Vior'na, Leather-
 flower, have similar properties.
   CLEMATITE, Clematis  vitalba —c.  Droite,
. Clematis recta.
   Clematitis Erecta, Clematis erecta.
   CLEOME  PENTAPHYLLA,  Gynandropsis
 pentaphylla.
   CLEO'NIS COLLYR'IUM.  A eollyrium de-
 scribed by Celsus,  composed of equal parts of
 Samian earth, myrrh, and thus mixed with white
 of egg:  called doubtless after its inventor.
   Cleonis  Gluten. An astringent formula of
 myrrh, frankincense, and white of egg.
   CLEP'SYDRA, from  KXtitru, < I conceal/ and
 'viiop, ' water.'  An instrument contrived by Pa-
 racelsus to convey fumigation to the uterus.
   CLEPTOMANTA, Kleptomania.
   CLETHRA ALNIFO'LIA, Sweet pepper-buah,
 White  alder;  indigenous.    Order,  Ericaceae.
 The leaves and flowers  are  diaphoretic and ex-
 citant.
   CLETORIS, Clitoris.
   CLEVES, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  This
 spring is a quarter  of a league from  Cleves, in
 Westphalix  It contains carbonate and sulphate
 of iron.
   CLICKING, see Rdle sibilant.
   CLIDER, Galium aparine.
   CLIFFORT'IA  ILICIFO'LIA.  Ord.  Rosa-
 ceae.  A  common South African  plant, used by
 the  Boers as an emollient expectorant in catarrh.
   CLIFTON, CLIMATE OF.  The vicinity of
 Clifton and of Bristol,  England,  appears to be
the mildest and  driest climate in the west of
England; and, consequently, the best winter re-
sidence, in that part of the country, for invalids.
It is, also, a favorable  summer climate, and it
surrounded by numerous places  of agreeable re.
sort, suited for those who  may pass the season
there.
  For the mineral waters  of Clifton, see Bristol
Hot Well.
  CLIGNEMENT, Scardamygmus.
  CLIGNOTEMENT, Nictation.
  CLIMA, Climate.
  CLIMACTERIC,  Climacter'icue,  Clintater'i-
cus, from KXtpaKrnp, 'a step.'  (F.) ClimactSriqm
ou  ClimatSrique.  A word,  which properly si"ni.
fies 'by degrees.'   It has been applied to certain
times of life, regarded to be critical.
  At present, the word Climacteric is chiefly an-
plied  to certain periods <of life, at which great
changes occur, independently of any numerical
estimate of years.  Such are the  period of  pu.
berty in both sexes ; that of the cessation of the
menses in women, Ac.
  Climacteric Years,  Anni Climacter'ici, are,
according to some, all those in  tbe life of man,
which are multiples  of the number 7, Septen'ni-
ads.  Others have applied the term to years, re-
sulting from the  multiplication  of 7 by an odd
number.  Some have admitted only three  cli-
macterics ; others, again, have extended them to
multiples of 9. Most, however,  have considered
the 63d year a3  the Grand  Climacteric; — 63
being the product of the multiplication of 7 by
9, and all have thought that the period of three,
seven, or nine, which they respectively adopted,
was necessary to the entire renewal of the body;
so that there was, at these times, in the economy,
none  of the parts of which it had previously
consisted.  The climacteric years have also been
called, (Anni) hebdomad'ici,  seala'res, grada'rii,
acan'ailea, genethliaci, natalit"ii, fata'lea, crit'id,
decreto'rii, hero'ici, Ac  All the notions on  the
subject are  essentially allied to  the doctrine of
numbers of Pythagoras.
  CLIMATAL, Climatic.
  CLIMATE, Clima, Inclinoftio cceli,  (F.)  Cli-
mat, Gr. KXipa, 'a  region.'  In  geography,  the
word climate is applied to a space  on the terres-
trial globe, comprised between two circles paral-
lel  to the equator, and  arbitrarily measured  ac-
cording to the length of the days.  In a hygienio
point of view,  we understand by climate, since
Hippocrates, a country  or region, which may
differ from another in respect to  season, qualities
of the soil, heat of atmosphere, Ac. Climate, in-
deed, embraces,- in a general  manner, all  the
physical circumstances belonging to each region,
—circumstances which exert considerable influ-
ence on living beings.  The dark  complexion
of  the  inhabitants of the torrid  zone is easily
distinguishable from  the  paleness of  those of
the frigid, — so are  the diseases.  They are all
modified,  more or less, by climate  or locality-
Hot climates predispose to abdominal complica-
tions  in febrile affections;  cold  climates to tho-
racic, Ac
  One of the most important considerations with
regard to climates is their comparative fitness for
the residence of invalids, and especially of those
who are liable to, or suffering under, catarrhal cr
consumptive  affections.  The  great  object, in
such cases, is to  select a climate which will ad-
mit of regular and daily exercise in the open th,
so that  tbe invalid may derive every advantage
which this form of revulsion is capable of effect-
ing.  To an inhabitant of the northern and mid-
dle portions of the United  States—and tho sama 
CLIMATE                213               CLIMATE
applies to Great Britain, France, and the north-
ern parts of the old world—a more southern cli-
mate alone affords these advantages  in  an emi-
nent degree.   During the  summer months there
are few, if any, diseases, which require  a milder
climate than that of the United States, or  of the
milder districts of Europe.  The temperature of
the winter months is, consequently, the most im-
portant object of attention.  Equability of tem-
perature is  essential,  inasmuch  as  all sudden
changes interfere with the great desideratum—
exercise in the open air.  In the whole continent
of North America the changes are very sudden
and extensive. It is not uncommon for the range
to be 40°, between two successive days.   So far,
therefore, as  this applies,  the American  climate
is not well   adapted  to  the  invalid.   In  the
southern portions, however, of the Union,  this
objection is  counterbalanced  by many advan-
tages.
  The following tables exhibit the mean tempe-
rature of the year, and of the different seasons—
with the mean temperature of the warmest and
coldest  months  at  different places in  America,
Europe, Africa, Ac, as deduced from the excel-
lent paper of Von Humboldt on Isothermal Lines,
the Meteorological Registers kept by the surgeons
of the United States  army, under the  direction
of Surgeon-generals Lovell and Lawson, 1822 to
1854, inclusive, the work of Sir James  Clark on
Climate, Ac.
  Certain  of the tables show the mean  monthly
temperature, maximum, minimum and range, as
well as the greatest daily, and mean daily range
during the corresponding months — but of diffe-
rent years—at some of the prominent retreats for
the valetudinarian in  Great Britain, on the con-
tinent of Europe, and in the African islands.  It
is proper, however, to remark, that in no situa-
tions, except in  those  to which  an asterisk is
affixed, was  the  register thermometer used.  In
the others, the observations were made during
the day only, and consequently  the  numbers
given are  far below the  real  range throughout
the twenty-four hours.  The places are ranged in
the order of their mean temperature.
Table op		Maximum		, Minimum, and Range					or Temperature.						
Places.	December.			January.			February.			March.			April.		
	Mai.	Min.	Range	Max.	Mid.	Range	Max.	Min.	Range	Max.	Min.	Range	Max.	Min.	Ranrje
	54 56 56 57 59 60 61 68	25 34 25 32 40 31 34 52	29 22 31 25 19 29 27 16	47 54 56 53 58 58 58 69	21 28 21 27 27 29 29 50	26 26 35 26 31 29 29 19	52 55 60 55 58 60 60 '68	27 33 35 30 37 33 31 51	25 22 25 25 21 27 29 17	56 59 65 58 65 65 69 69	26 34 35 35 41 37 38 51	30 25 30 23 24 28 31 18	60. 62 71 64 69 74 78 72	31 36 43 41 46 44 43 55	29 26 28 23 23 30 35 17
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
															
Table op Mean Temperature.
Places.	December.	January.	February.	March.	April.
Sidmouth.....j$ ....	43 .00 46 .50 41 .53 46 .00 48.60 49.62 50 .50 60 50	36.30 43.00 38 .89 42 .00 45 .85 47.65 46 .50 59 . 50	42.00 44.50 44.96 45 .00 49 .00 49 .45 48.50 58 . 50	45 .00 46.50 46.80 47.00 51 .45 52 .05 52.00 61.06	51.00 48 5ft
					55. 79 53. 00 57 ,00 56.40 57.00 62.50
					
					
					
					
					
					
Table op Daily Range  op Tempejrature.
Places.
Sidmouth..
Penzance..
Pau.......
Montpellier
Nice......
Rome.....
Naples
Madeira  . -
Dece	MBER.	January.		February.		March.		April.	
			^		>,		^		>,
						tx			
■8 u	~s	•8 S,	~ S>	•a gj	u M	73 M		•3 £	
									
									
									
2	a	£	5	s	5	£	o	s-	a
	13		13		12		12		13
3		4		6		8		9	
7	13	7	16	9	16	9	17	8	18
9		8		9		14		14	
6	14	8	16	9	18	9	17	11	18
9	15	11	16	10	18	12	19	13	20
9	13	9	14	11	19	11	18	14	20
11	14	11	17	9	13	10	14	9	13
 
CLIMATE
214
CLIMATE
1.  AMERICA,  Ac.
Places.
Latitude.
Mean tem-
perature of |
 several
  years.
i temperature of different seasons.
Mean temperature ol
WinUr.
Spring.
Summer.  Autumn.
Coldest
tnontb.
 Nain..............,
 Fort Brady, Mich...
; Quebec,  L. C.......
 Eastport, Me.......
! Fort Howard, Mich.
 Fort Crawford, Miss.
 Cambridge, Mass....
 Council  Bluffs, Miss.
 Newport, R.I.......
 Philadelphia.......
 New York.........
 Cincinnati.........
 Monticello, Va......
 Washington, D. C...
 Smithville, N. C____
 Charleston, S. C.....
 Natchez, Miss......
 Pensaeola, Flor.....
 St. Augustine,  do...
 Tampa Bay,   do...
Vera Cruz.
Havana  ..
Bahamas
Barbadoes
Cumana ..
57°.0S'
46 .39
46. 47
44 .54
44 .40
43 .03
42 .21
41 .25
41 .30
39 .56
40 .40
39 .06
37 .58
38 .53
34 .00
32 .47
31 .34
30 .28
29 .48
27 .57

19 .11
23 .10
26 .40
  to
27 .5
13 .10
10 .27
26°.42'
41 .37
41 .74
42 .44
44 .50
45 .52
50 .36
50 .82
51 .02
53 .42
53 .78
53 .78
55 .40
55 .56*
58 .88
60 .18
64 .76
68 .77+
72 .23
72 .37

77 .72
78 .08

78 .3*

79 .3
81 .86
 0°.60
14 .09
14 .18
23 .44
20 .82
23 .76
33 .98
27 .38
33 .82
32 .18
29 .84
32 .90
37 .67
36 .80
53 .44
51 .09
48 .56
55 .13
59 .29
61 .24

71 .96
71 .24

71.

76 .7
80 .24
23°.60
37 .89
38 .04
38 .58
41 .40
43 .09
47 .66
46 .38
46 .87
51 .41
51 .26
54 .14
54 .67
53 .83
64 .76
66 .73
65 .48
69 .67
71 .47
72 .93

77 .90
78 .98

77.

19.
83 .66
48°.38
61  .83
68  .00
60' .54
68  .70
.69  .78
70  .70
72  .84
68  .70
73  .94
79  .16
72  .86
73  .33
75  .90
80  .46
80  .89
79  .16
82  .57
82  .73
80  .14

81  .50
83  .30

83.

81.
82  .04
33°.44
43 .94
46 .04
45 .43
45 .18
46 .74
49 .82
48 .60
53 .83
56 .48
54 .50
54 .86
56 .50
56 .59
68 .15
67 .55
66 .02
69 .05
75 .15
75 .26

78 .62
78 .98

80.

80.
80 .24
51°.80
62 .87
73 .40
63 .52
73 .67
71 .34
72 .86
75 .92
71 .46
77 .00
80 .78
74 .30
75 .00
79 .13
82 .93
82 .81
79 .70
83 .55
83 .94
80 .72

81 .86
83 .84

90. .
I  84 .38
U°.20
12 .65
13 .81
20 .91
17 .95
20 .14
29 .84
27 .111
32 .14
32 .72
25 .34
30 .20
36 .00
34 .66
50 .60
49 .43
46 .94
53 .80
56 .60
58 .70

71 .06
69 .98

64.
79 .16
  St. Louis, Missouri, Lat. 38° 46'.  Mean temp. 55° .86.   New Harmony, Lat. 38° 11'.  Mean temp. 56° .74
  New Orleans, Lat. 30°.  Mean temp. 69° .01.  Baton Rouge, Lat. 30° .26'.  Mean temp. 68° .07.
i  Jamaica, coast, Mean temp. 80° .6.
Range of Mean Temperature in the U. States for the Extreme Months, Seasons, and Yeah
                               (Army Meteorological Regiater, 1855.)
Stations.
YEARS.  Latitude.  January.  July.  Spring. Summer. Autumn.  JVinttr.   Tear.
Hancock Barracks, Maine............. 17
Fort Sullivan,  Maine................... 25
Fort Constitution, New Hampshire, 25
Fort Independence, Massachusetts, 17
Fort Columbus, New York............ 33
Watervliet, New York.................. 31
Alleghany Arsenal, Pennsylvania... 22
Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Md...... 24
Fort Monroe, Virginia, (Norfolk,)... 30
Fort Moultrie,  S. C, (Charleston,)... 28
Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida, 20
Key West,  (Florida,)................... 14
Fort Brooke, Florida.................... 25
viTt Barrancas, Pensaeola, Florida, 17
Mount Vernon Arsenal, Mobile, Ala., 14
Fort Pike, Louisiana.................... 14
New Orleans, Louisiana............... 20
Baton Rouge, Louisiana............... 24
Fort Jessup, Louisiana................. 23
Fort Gibson, Indian Territory....... 27
Jefferson Barracks, Missouri......... 26
St. Louis, Missouri...................... 12
Fort Gratiot, Michigan................. 17
Fort Mackinac, Michigan............. 24
Fort Brady, Michigan..................31
Fort Howard,  Wisconsin.............. 21
Fort Crawford, Wisconsin............. 19
Fort Armstrong, Illinois............... 11
Fort Snelling,  Minnesota.............. 35
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas............ 24
Fort Kearney, Nebraska...............   6
Fort Laramie,  Nebraska...............   6
Fort Brown, Texas......................   7
Fort Mcintosh, Texas..................   6
Santa F£, New Mexico................   5
San Diego, California...................   5
Benicia, California.......................   6
Fort Vancouver, Oregon...............   6
Fort Steilacoom, Washington Ter.,   6
46°.07'
44 .54
43 .04
42 .20
40 .42
42 .43
40 .32
39 .17
37 .00
32 .45
29 .48
24 .32
28 .00
30 .18
31 .12
30 .10
29 .57
30 .26
31 .33.
34 .47
38 .28
38 .40
42 .55
45 .51
46 .30
44 .30
43 .05
41 .30
44 .53
39 .21
40 .38
42 .12
25 .54
27 .31
35 .41
32 .42
38 .03
45 .40
47 .10
16.0
14.0
14.0
 9.9
12.6
15.3
18.9
14.2
16.9
18.3
16.1
12.6
17.7
18.2
14.2
10.7
18.0
15.4
17.5
19.5
17.6
14.0
13.6
12.3
13.0
14.5
19.6
18.5
27.9
24.7
19.9
13.2
10.0
10.2
 4.3
 3.7
 6.9
10.1
12.6
 9.0
 8.6
11.8
10.5
14.5
 6.8
 7.4
 6.1
 8.6
 5.9
 6.8
 5.3
 6.1
 6.2
 6.8
 7.1
 7.8
 7.8
12.0
 7.2
11.8
10.3
13.3
11.8
10.4
10.3
14.6
10.0
 5.2
 4.5
 2.9
 3.7
 6.9
 6.9
 4.9
 3.4-
 3.8
 6.4
 7.7
 7.0
 7.8
 7.8
 8.8
12.9
 8.9
10.1
 7.1
11.3
 8.5
 6.8
 7.1
 4.7
 6.2
 7.4
 9.3
 9.0
 9.2
15.0
 7.2
11.8
 8.1
13.0
 9.2
17.7
 6.8
17.3
17.8
 5.8
 6.4
 2.5
 4.8
 2.3
40.7
 4.6
 4.0
 2.3
 6.8
 6.8
 7.4
 4.9
 7.1
 6.7
 7.8
 6.0
 5.9
 7.3
 6.7
 3.2
 5.4
 3.2
 4.3
 3.0
 5.2
 4.8
 4.6
 8.6
 9.1
 4.7
 8.2
 5.8
 8.5
 7.6
 8.1
 8.3
11.0
 8.0
 4.1
 2.6
 2.2
 5.5
 1.8
 2.7
 2.9
 2.5
 1.8
7.2
4.7
5.7
 9.2
12.0
 7.2
 7.6
 9.5
 7.1
 4.2
 4.8
 4.5
 5.6
 7.0
 5.5
 6.9
 7.6
11.3
10.2
 7.4
 9.9
 9.2
 6.2
10.4
 9.4
 7.0
10.8
 3.1
 3.1
 5.0
 3.6
 3.4
 2.2
 2.8
 7.1
 7.8
11.9
11.0
10.3
12.8
11.2
11.2
16.0
16.7
15.4
 8.2
11.9
 9.7
 6.8
13.3
 8.9
11.1
10.6
14.4
19.2
 7.3
10.7
 9.9
 9.0
16.6
16.4
17-4
16.0
13.3
13.0
 4.8
 4.2
 •3.6
 3.7
 2.6
 3.2
 2.3
 4.0
5.0
3.7
6.7
4.7
7.3
7.4
7.8
4.9
9.0
6.9
6.7
3.5
4.0
3.0
3.5
4.8
4.7
4.2
fi.6
6.9
7.0
3.7
6.1
6.1
7.1
5.1
8.9
7.5
8.6
8.0
5.3
5.8
1.6
 1.9
 0.8
2.3
8.2
 1.4
 2.0 
CLIMATERIC
215
CLINOID
2.  EUROPE,  AFRICA, Ac.
Latitude.
Mean tem-
perature of
 several
  years.
Mean temperature of different
Winter.
Spring.   Summer.
Autumn.
Mean temperature of
Wa
Geneva..........,
Gosport..........
Newport, Isle of Wight
Sidmouth.........
Penzance.........
Undereliff ........
Hastings.........
Bute.............
Cove of  Cork......
Jersey............
Paris.............
Pau..............
Sienna...........
Nantes...........
Bordeaux.........
Montpellier.......
Avignon..........
Florence.........
Nice.............
Marseilles........
Toulon...........
Leghorn..........
Genoa............
Pisa.............
Rome............
Naples...........
St Michaels* Azores
Cadiz............
Madeira, Funchal....
Algiers .............
Canaries,  Santa Cruz.
Cairo...............
48°.12'
48 .1
50 .40

52 .11

50 .52
55 .42
51 .54
49 .13
48 .50
43 .7
43 .21
47 .13
44 .50
43 .36

43 .46
43 .42
43 .17
43 .07
43 .33
44 .25
43 .43
41 .53
40 .54
37 .47
36 .32

32 .37
36 .48
28 .28
30 .02
49°.28'
50 .24*
51 .00
52 .10
51 .80
51 .11
57 .00
48 .25
51 .58
53 .06
51 .08
54 .95
55 .60
55 .62t
56 .48
57 .60
58 .20
59 .00
59 .48
59 .50}
59 .90
60. .00?
60 .37
60 .60
60 .40
61 .40
62 .40
62 .88

61 .56
69 .98
70 .94
72 .32
34°.70
40 .44
40 .31
40 .43
44 .03
42 .14
40 .11
39 .62
43 .90
43 .82
38 .66
41 .79
40 .50
42 .23
42 .08
44 .20
42 .60
44 .30
47 .82
45 .50
43 .30
46 .30
44 .57
46 .03
45 .86
48 .50
57 .83
52 .90

59 .50
61 .52
64 .65
58 .46
47°.66
47 .63
49 .00
50 .66
49 .63
29 .26
45 .77
46 .66
49 .43
50 .97
49 .28
54 .96
54 .10
53 .10
56 .46
53 .33
57 .13
56 .00
56 .23
57 .56
53 .70
57 .60
58 .60
57 .20
57 .74
58 .50
61 .17
59 .53

62 .20
65 .66
68 .87
73 .58
64°.94
62 .00
63 .09
63 .83
60 .70
60 .28
60 .45
58 .02
61 .26
62 .84
64 .58
67 .41
70 .80
70 .73
70 .88
71 .30
74 .66
74 .00
72 .26
72 .50
74 .30
74 .10
74 .03
75 .15
75 .20
70 .83
68 .33
70 .43

69 .33
80 .24
76 .68
85 .10
50°.00
50 .88
51 .63
53 .50
53 .36
52 .76
51 .00 J
48 .5«f
51 .73
54 .6.3
51 .44
55 .64
57 .10
56 .41
56 .30
61 .30
59 .00
60 .70
61 .63
60 .08
59 .00
62 .00
62 .94
62 .80
62 .78
64 .50
62 .33
65 .35

67 .23
72 .50
74 .17
71 .42
5°.56
34°.16
65 .30
70 .52
73 .04
36 .14
39 .02
41 .00
77 .00
82 .76

85 .82
42 .26
60 .08

56 .12
London, Lat. 51° .30'.  Mean temp. 50° .36.
Perpignan, Mean temp. 59° .54.
Nismes, Mean temp. 60° .26.
Environs of London, Mean temp. 48° .81.
Lyons, Mean temp. 55° .76.
  In the United  States, the most favourable re-
gion for the phthisical invalid is  that of Florida,
—especially of Pensaeola.  St. Augustine is fre-
quently chosen,  but it is liable  to  north-east
storms, which interfere with the out-door move-
ments of the valetudinarian, and are  the source
of much discomfort.  Still, great benefit has often
been derived from It as a winter retreat.   Of the
Atlantic Isles, Madeira appears to be best adapted
for  the consumptive, and those  affected  with
chronic bronchitis.   In Italy, Rome, and Pisa,—
and in England, Torquay and Undereliff, are to
be preferred.  Chronic rheumatism and gout are
benefited by a warm climate, which, again, is un-
favourable to those who are predisposed  to cere-
bral  diseases, especially  to such as are  charac-
terized by debility  and mobility of the nervous
system—as paralysis, epilepsy, mania,  Ac.  Hypo-
chondriasis and  dyspepsia require rather change
of climate and travelling exercise than a sojourn
in any one,  (See  the Author's  Human  Health,
Philad., 1844).
  For the mortality of different  countries and
cities, see Mortality.
  CLIMATERIC,  Climacteric.
  CLI'MATIC, C/imat'icua, Cli'matal.  Belong-
ing to, or dependent upon  climate.
  Climatic Diseases,  Morbi climat'ici, are  such
is are caused by climate.
  CLIMATOL'OGY, Climatolog"ia, (¥.)  Clima-
lologie, from xXtpa,  'a region,' and Xoyos, 'a dis-
eourse.'  A treatise on climates, their effects on
organized bodies, Ac, Ac.
  CLIMBER, WOODY, Ampelopsis quinquefolia.
  CLINB, KXivn, 'abed.'  Hence:
  CLINIATER, Clinical physician.
  CLINIATRIA. Clinical medicine.
  CLINIATRUS, Clinical physician.
  CLINIC, see Clinique.
  CLINICA, Clinical medicine.
  CLIN'ICAL,  Clin'icua, (F.)  Clinique,  from
KXivn, 'a bed.'  Relating to a bed.
  Clinical Lecture, (F.) Lecon Clinique.  One
given at the bed-side, or on a  particular case or
casos.
  Clinical Med'icine, Cliniatri'a,C!iili.ca,Clin'-
iee, (¥.) MSdeciite  clinique.   That which is occu-
pied with the  investigation of diseases at the
bed-side, or individually.
  Clinical  Physician,   Clinia'ter,  Clinia'trua,
(¥.) Clinicien.   One who practices or teaches
clinical medicine.
  CLINICE, Clinical medicine.
  CLINICIEN, Clinical physician.
  CLINICUM, Clinique.
  CLINIQUE (¥.), Clinical.  Clinique,Clin'icum,
is also used substantively for Ecole Clinique or
Clinical  School: a school in which medicine is
taught by examining  diseases  on  the  patients
themselves,  at  the bed-side, as it were.  Thus,
the French  say, — "La Clinique de la ChariteY'
" The Clinical School of the Hospital La CharitS."
The term has been introduced into this  country,
and anglicised Clinic.
  CLINO-CEPHA'LIA,   Klino-cepha'lia,  from
KXivn, 'a  bed,'and KtipaXn, 'head.'  Monstrosity
in which the head is unusually flattened, owing
to synostosis of the parietal and sphenoid bones.
  CLINODES, Clinoid.
  CLINOID,  Clinoi'dea,  Clino'dea, Clinoi'detta,
from KXivn,  'a  bed,' and  ttios,  'form.'  Resem-
bling a bed.
  Clinoid Proc"esses, (F.) Apophyaea clinotdea,
are  four  processes at  the upper  surface of the 
CLINOIDEUS
216
CLYSTER
sphenoid bone, which have been compared to tbe
posts of  a bed.   On them the pituitary  gland
rests.  They are divided into anterior and  poate-
rior.  Each of the anterior terminates in a point
Called Tranaverae Spinous Process.
  CLINOIDEUS, Clinoid.
  CLINOPODIA, Thymus mastichina.
  CLINOPODIUM  ARVENSE,  C. vulgare —c.
Incanuin, Pycnanthetnum incanum—c. Majus, C.
vulgare.
  Clinopo'dium Vulga're, from kXivv, 'a bed,'
and itovs, rroioj,.tfoot,' so  called  from the shape
of  its flowers,  Clinopodium arven'se seu  majus,
Oc"ymnm sylves'tre, Melia'aa  clinopo'dium, Thy-
mus ayloat'icua,  Wild Basil, (¥.) Grand Basilic
sauvage.  A European plant, Ord.  Labiatae, which
was formerly considered to be an antidote to the
bites of  venomous animals, to facilitate labour,
relieve strangury, stop diarrhoea, Ac.
   CLIQ UE TIS,  Crepitation — c. MStallique,
 Tintement mStalliqtte.
   CLISEOM'ETER, Clieiom'eter,(¥.) KlieSoml-
tre, from kXiois, ' inclination,''and ptrpov, ' a mea-
sure.' An instrument,  intended  to  measure the
degree of inclination of the pelvis and to deter-
mine the relation between the axis of the pelvis
and that of the body.—Osiander, Stein.
   CLITBUR, Arctium lappa.
   CLITHE, Arctium lappa.
   CLITHEREN, Galium aparine.
   CLITORICARCINO'MA, from KXctropis, 'clito-
ris.'and  xapxivoipa, 'cancer.' Cancer of the clitoris.
   CLITORIDES   INFERIORES  LATI   ET
PLANT  MUSCULI, Constrictores cunni.
   CLIT'ORIS,  from KXnroip, ' a  servant who in-
vites guests' [?].  Clei'toria,  Cfe'toria,  Cleithoris,
 Oleitor'ion, Cleithorion, Dulce'do  Amor'ia, Venue,
Jllyrton,  Murton,< Alurtum, CEstrum,  CEstrua, Colea
femina'rum, Penia mttlie'bria seu femineua, Meil-
tula mulie'bria, Membrum mulie'bre, Sttperla'bia,
 Cerco'sis,  Hypoder'mis,  Nympha, Nymphe,  Epi-
 der'rhis, Libldinis  Sedes, Tunic'ula, Crista.  A
 small, round organ, situate at the upper part of
 the vulva, and separated by  a small space from
 the anterior commissure of the labia.  Its base is
 surrounded by a slight fold,  similar to the pre-
 puce ; and it is, internally, of tbe same structure
 as the corpora  cavernosa penis.  The  artery of
 the clitoris, (F.) A. Clitorienne ou  Clitoridienne,
 is  a branch of the internal pudic.  The vein com-
 municates with the internal pudic, and the nerve
 with tbe pudic.
    CLIT'ORISM, Clitoris'mus.  The abuse made
 of the clitoris.  Also, an unusually large clitoris,
 Cerco'eia extern'a seu Clitor'idia,Cauda'tio, Cauda.
    CLITORI'TIS, Clitoritltie, from KXtiropis,
 1 clitoris,' and itis, ' denoting inflammation.'  In-
 flammation of the clitoris.
    CLITORITITIS, Clitoritis.
    CLITORICM, Vulva.
    CLIVER, Galium aparine.
    CLIVUS BLUMENBACH'IL  An inclining
 surface  behind the dorsum ephippii of the sphe-
 noid bone, which is continuous  with  the basilar
 process  of the occipital bone.
    CLOA'CA, (F.)  Cloaque,  akin  to   kXv^oi, 'I
 wash''[?].  The pouch  at the  extremity of the
 intestinal canal, in which the  solid and liquid'
 excretions are commingled in birds, fish and rep-
 tiles.  In the male, it gives exit  to the excre-
 ments,  sperm and  urine: in the female, to the
 eggs, faecal matters, and urine.
    CLOANX, Orpiment.
    CLOAQUE, Cloaca.
    CLOCHE (¥.).  A popular expression in
 France  for a blister or  other vesicle.
    CLOISON, Septum — c. des Fosses nasales,
 Septum narium — c. Transparente, Septum  lu-
 eidum.
  CLOISONNEMENT, see Generation.  Also,
the division  of a  hollow organ — as the bladder,
vagina, and  uterus, into two portions  by a sep-
tum, — a malformation — anomalie par cloisonne-
me nt.
  CLONIC,  Clon'ieus,  from kXovos, 'agitation,'
'motion.'  (F.)  Clonique.  Irregular  convulsive
motions.'  Convulsion with alternate relaxation;
in  contradistinction to  tonic, which signifies a
constant rigidity ;—Clonus, Clon'ici partia'let.
   Clonic Spasm, see Spasm. •.
   CLONICI UNIVERSALES, Synclonus.
   CLONIQUE, Clonic.
   CLONIS, Sacrum.
   CLONISM, Clonis'mus; same etymon. Clonio
spasm.—Baumes.
   CLONO'DES,  from  kXovos,  'agitation,' and
ttios, ' resemblance.'  Convulsive.  Galen applies
this term to the pulse, when  convulsive, as it
were, and unequal.  He compares the sensation
it communicates  to the finger  to that produced
by a bundle of sticks or of rods in vibration.
   CLONOS  EPILEPSIA, Epilepsy—c. Hydro-
phobia, Hydrophobia.
   CLONUS, Synclonus—c. Nictitatio, Nictation
—c. Palpitatio, Palpitation—c. Pandiculatio, Pan-
diculation—c. Pandiculatio maxillarum, Yawning
—c. Singultus, Singultus—c. Sternutatio, Sneez-
ing—c. Subsultus, Subsultus tendinum.
   CLOPEMANIA, Kleptomania.
   CLOPORTES ORDINAIRES, Onisci aselli.
   CLOSE-STOOL, Lasanum.    •
   CLOT, Coagulura—c. of Blood, see Blood.
   CLOTBUR, Xanthium.
   CLOTHING, Vestitus.
   CLOTTY, Grumo'sus, (¥.) Grumeleux.  Com-
posed of clots.
   CL 0 U, Clavus, Furunculus—c. de Girofie, ?ee
Eugenia caryophyllata — c. HystSrique, Clavus
hystericus—c. rie I'CEil,  Clavus oculi—c. de Seifie,
Ergot.
   CLOUDBERRIES, Rubus chamsemorus.
   CLOUDBERRY TREE, Rubus chama>monis.
   CLOVE,  see Eugenia caryophyllata/—o. Bark,
see Myrtus caryophyllata — c. Pink,  Dianthus
caryophyllus — c. July flower,  Dianthus  caryo-
phyllus.'
   CLOVE-TONGUE, Helleborus niger.
   CLUBFEET,  Kyllosis.
   CLUBMOSS, Lycopodium — c. Common,  Ly-
 copodium  complanatum— c.  Fir,  Lycopodium
 selago—c. Upright, Lycopodium selago.
   CLUNES, Nates.
   CLUNE'SIA,  from Chines, 'the nates.'  Proc-
 talgia,  Procti'tis.  An inflammation  of the  but-
 tocks.—Vogel.
   CLUNIS, Sacrum.
   CLUPEA THRYSSA.  The Yellow-bilhd
 Sprat;  a very poisonous fish of the West  Indies.
   CLUTIA ELUTERIA. Croton cascarilla.
   CLYDON, Flatulence.
   CLYPEALIS  (Cartilago.)  Thyroid cartilage.
   CLYSANTLIUM, Syringe, Clyster.
   CLYSIS, Clysmus.  Same etymon  as clyster.
 The application  of a  clyster.  Washing  out by
 means  of a clyster.
   CLYSMA, Clysis, Clyster, Enema—'c. Toni-
 cum, Enema foetidum.
   CLYSMA'TION, same etymon as clyster.  A
 diminutive of clysma.  A small clyster.
   CLYSMUS, Clysis, Enema.
    CLYSOIR ou CLYSOIRE (¥.).   An appa-
 ratus for administering  enemata, consisting of »
 long funnel-shaped tube of elastic gum, furnubed
 with a  pipe at the apex.  An instrument, similar
 to this, with a syringe attached, is called a Cty-
 sopompe.
    CLYSOPOMPE, Olysoir, Syringe.
   CLYSTER, Clyste'rium,  Clysma,  Enelys'Mi 
CLYSTERE
217           COCCI  GRANUM
Clyamua,  En'ema,  Lavamen'tnm, KXvarnp,  from
K>u£m, 'to  wash.'   (F.)   Clyatlre,  Lavement,
Remlde.  A liquid, thrown into  the large intes-
tines by means of a syringe, or bladder and pipe
properly prepared, Ac.;  the nozzle of the syringe
or pipe being introduced  into the anus.   See
Enema.
  Clyster op Aloes, Enema aloes—c. Anodyne,
Enema anodynum — c. of Assafcetida, Enema as-
safcetida — c. Cathartic,  Enema catharticum—c.
of Colocynth,  Enema  colocynthidis — c. Com-
mon,  Enema commune — c.  Domestic,  Enema
commune — c. Fetid, Enema  foetidum — c. Pipe,
Elasina—c.  Purging,  Enema cataarticum — c.
Starch and opium, Enema anodynum—c.  Tobac-
co,  Enema tabaci — c.  Turpentine, Enema tere-
binthinae—c.  Utcrinus,  Sparallium.
  CLYSTERE, Enema.
  CNEME, Leg, Tibia.
  CXEMODACTYL^US, Extensor  communis
digitorum pedis.
  CNEMOLORDO'SIS, from Kvnpn,  'the leg.'
and Xopitoais,  'the  state of being bent forward.'
Bending of the leg forward.
  CNEMOSCOLIO'SIS, from Kvnpn,  'leg,'  and
tKoXtunris, ' bending,' especially sideways.   Bend-
ing of the leg sideways.   The state of being bow-
legged, or bandy-legged, (Prov.) Scrog-legged,
shackle-hammed, (L.) Valgue,
  CNEORON, Daphne gnidium.
  CNEORUM TRICOC'CUM, Almeze'rion,  Ac-
nes'toe, Chamale'a,  Widow-trail, Spurge-Olive,
(F.) CamelSe.  This plant, Ord.  Terebinthaceae,
a native of Southern  Europe, contains a very ir-
ritating, acrid principle.  The ancients employed
its leaves as  a  powerful purgative.   It  is now
sometimes used for deterging ulcers.
  CNESIS, Cneemoa, Cniamos. A painful itching.
—Galen.
  CNESMA, Itching.
  CNESMOS, Cnesis, ftching, Prurigo.
  CXICELJE'UM, from kvikos, 'carthamus,'  and
tXotov, 'oil.'  Oil of carthamus.—Dioscorides.
  CNICUS, Carthamus  tinctorius—c. Sylvestris,
Centaurea benedicta.
  CNIDEL^E'ON, Cnidela'um, from  Kvtitis,
'cnidian,' and tXaiov, 'oil.'  Oil  made from  the
grana cnidia or mezereon berries.—Dioscorides.
  CNID'IA GRANA, Cnidii Cocci, Coccognid'ia,
ASto'lion, Coccum.  The berries  of  the Daphne
gnidium.—Foesius.
  CNLDIUM  SILAUS, Peucedanum silaus — e.
Tenuifolium,  Sison ammi.
  CNIDO'SIS.  A pungent itching, compared to
that produced by  the  Urtica urens  or  Nettle,
(miii.)—Hippoc.  Urticaria; urticatio.
  CNIP'OTES,  Pruritus.  Itching.  The  dry
ophthalmia, Xerophthalmia.
  CNISMOREGMIA, Pyrosis.
  CNISMOS, Cnesmos.  .
  CNISSA, see Nidorous.
  CNISSOREG'MIA, from kviooo, 'the smell of
burnt fat,' and optyw, 'I put forth;' Ructua nido-
ro'aua.  A  nidorous eructation, as  of   rotten
egg"-
  CNYM-A, Kwpa.   A  slight  itching.  Also, a
puncture  or vellication.—Galen.
  COACTUS, see Curds.
  COACUM, Phytolacca decandra.
  COAGMENTATIO, Gomphosis.
  COAGULABLE LYMPH, Fibrin, Liquor san-
guinis.
  COAG'ULANTS,  Coagulan'tia, from  coagu-
lare,—itself from co and agere, ' to act together,'
or from eogo,' to drive or bring together.'   Reme-
dies, or poisons, supposed to  possess  the  power
of coagulating the blood, or to give consistency
to animal  fluids.   The word and  the absurd no-
tions connected with it are equally abandoned.
   COAGULA'TION,  Coagitla'tio,  Thrombose,
 The conversion  of  a liquid into  a  more or less
 soft and  tremulous mass.   Many animal  and
 vegetable fluids are capable of coagulation.
   COAGULATUS,  see Curds.
   COAG'ULUM, Grumus, (F,) Caillot, Grumeau,
 ('a small  clot.')   A soft mass formed in a coagu-
 lable liquid.  The  Clot of the Blood  is particu-
 larly so'called — the  Cruor, In'sttla,  Placen'ta,
 Hepar  San'guinis,  Crassamen'tum, Sanguis  con-
 cre'ttts ;—the red mass, composed of fibrin, serum,
 and colouring matter, which  separates when the
 blood is left to itself.  See Blood.  The word  is
 also applied,  in  pathology, to the sanguineous
 concretions, which  form in different natural and
 accidental cavities; and which, when  they occur
 at the mouth of a divided artery,  sometimes sus-
 pend the  flow of blood.  This is, indeed, one of
 the means by which hemorrhage is arrested.
   COAG'ULUM ALU'MINIS, Coag'ulum  Alumino'-
 stim,  Cataplas'ma alu'minis, Alum curd or  cata-
 plasm.  This is made by beating the white of
 egg with a little alum, until a coagulum is formed.
 It is applied  in cases  of ophthalmia, where an
 astringent is necessary.
   COALES'CENCE,  Coalescedtia, CoalW'io
 par'tium,  from  coalescere,   ' to  run   together,'
 (co, and alere, 'to  nourish,') Sym'physis, Pros'-
 physis.  The adhesion or union  of  parts  pre-
 viously separated, as in case of wounds and  pre-
 ternatural  adhesions  or malformations.   See
 Monster.
   COALFISH, see  Oleum jecoris  aselli.
   COALITIO, Coalition, Symphysis.
   Coalitio  Partium, Coalescence.
   COALIT"ION, Coalil'io.  The same etymon
 as coalescence.  It has  been used in the  same
 cases; as well as to express the action of several
 parts of  the "frame, which  have the same nu-
 trition.
   COALITUS, Symphysis.
   COALTER'NJE FEBRES.   A  name  given to
 two  intermittents, which attack a person at the
 same time, but whose paroxysms are distinct: so
 that the attack of one supervenes when the other
 has  ceased.  The term Double Intermittent ex-
 presses the same meaning.
   COAPTATION,   Coapta'tio,  from  co,  and
 aptare, ' to adjust,'  'adapt;' Parago'ge.  The act
 of adapting the two extremities  of a fractured
 bone to each other; or of restoring  a luxated
 bone to its  place.  Coaptation  must  be effected
 gently.  Usually, extension and  counter-exten-
 sion are, in  the first place, necessary.
   COARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis, Synarthrosis.
   COARCTATIO, Arctatio,  Coarctation,  Stric-
 ture—c. Ventriculi,  Stricture of the Stomach.
   COARCTATION, Coarcta'tio, from coarctare,
 'to  straiten.'   Stricture.  Avicenna  speaks of
 Coarctation  of the Pulse.
   COARCTOTOMIE,  Coaretotom'ia, a hybrid
 term, from coarctare, ' to narrow,' and ropn, ' in-
 cision.'  Urethrotomy, when limited to the simple
 division of a stricture.
   COAT, see Enduit—c. Buffy, Corium  phlogis-
 iicuin.
   COATED, see Enduit.
   COBALT, PROTOXIDE OF, Smalt
   COBHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF.   Cob-
 ham is  seven  miles from Kingston, in Surrey,
 England.  The waters are weak saline purgatives!
   COBRA DI CAPELLO, Crotalus horridus.
   COBWEB, Araneas tela.
   COCASH, Erigeron Philadelphicum.
   COCCA'RIUM.  A very small pill.
   COCCHIA, Cochia.
   COCCI GRANUM, Kermes—c. Orientales, sea
Menispermum  cocculus. 
COCCIGIO  CUTAXE         218             COCHLEARIS
  COCCIGIO-CUTANE SPHINCTER,Svhinc-
ter ani externus.
  COCCI NELL A,  diminutive of kokkos,  coccus,
'a berry' which it resembles.   Coccus cacti.
  Coccinel'la  Septempu.ncta'ta,  Lady-bird,
Lady-cow, Lady-bug,  Cow-lady, Cuahy-cow-lady,
(Prov.) Fly-golding,  Golden-bug,  Golden-hiop.
This insect, bruised upon  an aching tooth,  has
long been regarded as anti-odontalgic,
  COC'CION, kokkiov.   A weight, mentioned by
Myrepsus ; the same as the siliqua.
  COITION ELL A, Coccus cacti.
  COCCOBALSAMUM, see   Amyris  opobalsa-
mum.
  COCCOGNIDIA. Cnidia grana.
  C0CC0LOBA UVIFERA,  see  Kino.
  COCCONES, see Punica granatum.
  COCCUL.E  OFF1C1NARUM, see  Menisper-
mum cocculus.
  COCCULUS CRISPUS, Menispermum tuber-
culatum—c. Indi aromaticus,  see Myrtus pimenta
—c. Indicus, see Menispermum cocculus—c. Pal-
matus,  Coluinba — c.  Suberosus, Menispermum
cocculus.
  COCCUM, Cnidia grana, Kermes — c.  Baphi-
cum, Kermes—c.  Infeetorium, Kermes—c. Scar-
latinum, Kermes—c. Tinctorum,  Kermes.
  COCCUS, (kokkos, 'a berry,') Coccus cacti—c.
Americanus,  Coccus cacti.
  Coccus Cacti.   The systematic name of the
Coch'ineal Inaect,  Coccinel'la, Cochinilla, Coccio-
nella,  Coccinil'la , Ficus In'dim grana, Coccus
Polon'icus seu America'nus seu In'dicus Tincto'-
ritts, Scaraba'olus  hemispha'ricus,  Cochinelif 'era
cochinilla, Coccus  America'nus,  Cochinelle,  Coc-
cus; the  Coch'ineal   Animal, (F.)  Cochenille,
Gratne d'Ecarlate.  Class, Insecta.  Order, He-
niiptera.  The  cochineal  insects have a faint,
heavy odour; their taste is  acrid," bitterish, and
astringent;   colour blackish-red  externally,—
purple-red  within.  They are used  chiefly for
giving a red colour to  tinctures, Ac.  They were,
at one time, esteemed  astringent, stimulant,  diu-
retic, and anodyne.
  Coccus Ilicis, Kermes—c. Indicus tinctorius,
Coccus cacti—c. Indicus, sec Menispermum  coc-
culus—c. Polonicus, Coccus cacti.
   COCCYCEPH'ALUS, Coccy'go-ceph'alus,  (F.)
 CoccycSphale, from coccyx and KtipaXn, ' the head.'
A monster whose head has  the  shape of the  os
coccygis.
   COCCYGEAL,  Coccygeus — c. Nerve, see Sa-
 cral Nerves.
   COCCYGE'US,  Coceyge'al,  (¥.)   Coccygien,
 from kokkvI-, because it is inserted into the coccyx;
 Iscltio-Coccygeus, (¥.)  Ischio-coccygien.  Belong-
ing both to the ischium and coccyx.  The muscle
 Iachio-coccygeua, Leva'tor Coccy'yis, Triangula'ria
 Coccy'gia.  It arises from the spinous process of
 the ischium, and is inserted into the extremity of
 the sacrum; and into  nearly the whole length  of
 the os coccygis laterally.   It retains the coccyx
 in place, and prevents it from  being forced back-
 wards during the  evacuation of the faeces.
   COCCYGIO-ANAL, Sphincter ani externus.
   COCCYGIO-CUTANE SPHINCTER,
 Sphincter ani externus.
   COCCYGOCEPHALUS, Coccycephalus.
   COCCYMELEA, Prunus domestica.
 ■  COCCYX,  'a cuckoo,' whose  bill it is said  to
 resemble; Oa Coccy'gia sen Al'agaa, Cauda,  Oasis
 goer!  acu'men, Rump or Crupper Bone, Cu'culus,
  Uropyg'ion, Spon'dylis, Spondylium.  An assem-
 blage of small bones,  attached to the lower part
 of  the sacrum; the curvature  of which it pro-
 longs, and of which it seems to be an appendage.
 Generally,  it consists  of four bones.   Behind the
base of the coccyx are two small  tubercular era!.
nences.   These are called Corruia of the Coccy*.
  COCHEMAR, Incubus.
  COCHENILLE, Coctus cacti.
  COCHERIA, Cochia,
  COCHIA,  Cocchia,  Coche'ria,  from  itOKKur,
' berry,' ' seed,' or from ko^uw, ' to flow profusely,'
An  ancient name for  several officinal purgative
pills; thus called, either because they produced
copious evacuations, or were shaped like a seed,
  COCHIN LEG, see  Elephantiasis.
  COCHINEAL, Coccus cacti.
  COCHINELIFERA  COCHINILLA,  Coccus
cacti.
  COCHINILLA, Coccus cacti.
  COCHLEA.  A Snail's shell, (¥.) Limacon,
Coquille,  CochUe.  Anatomists have given this
name to the most anterior of the three cavities,
which constitute the  labyrinth  of  the ear, the
Pelvis Au'rium,  Concha auris inter'na seu La-
byrinthi,  Cav'itas cochlea'ta seu  buccinu'ta, An-
trum bitccino'sum,  Troch'lea labyrinth'i:—and
that of Scala of the Cochlea, (¥.) Rampes du li.
macott, to two spiral cavities in the interiorof the
cochlea.   One of these  scalse terminates  at the
Fenea'tra rotun'da, and is  called Scala tympani;
the other opens at the anterior and inferior part
of the vestibule : it is called Scala vestib'uli.
  Cochlea, Scalse of the, see Cochlea.
  COCHLEAR,   Cochlea'rie,  (¥.)  Cochltaire,
 CochlSarien.  Relating  or appertaining to the
cochlea.
  Cochlear, Cochleare—c. Auriculare, Ear-pick
—e. Nerve, see Auditory Nerve.
  COCHLEA'RE,  Coch'lear, Cochlea'rium, from
cochlea ; its bowl resembling a shell. A Spoonful,
 (¥.) CuillerSe;  abbreviated in prescriptions usu-
ally to coch.  See Abbreviation.   Also, a scoop.
  Cochlea're Magnum, a tablespoonful; C. J/e'-
dium, a dessert or pap-spoonful; and C.  J/tVt-
mum, a teaspoonful.
  COCHLEA'RIA, from cochleare,  *a spoon,'so
called from its resemblance.  C.  officinalis.
  Cochlea'ria  Armora'cia, Raph'anus  rtttti-
ca'nus seu marinus  seu  sylves'tris seu mngna,
Armora'cia,  A.  sativa  seu rustica'na, Horse-
radish;  (Sc.)  Rotcoll.  Fam., Cruciferse.  Sex.
 Syst. Tetradynainia Siliculosa.  (F.) Raifort sau-
vage, Cran, Cran de Bretagne, Cranson, Moutarde
■des  Moines ou  des Allemands, Radis de chtnul
 The  root of  horseradish is frequently  used at
 table; and has long been  in the  Materia Medics.
 It  is  stimulant  and  diuretic.  Externally, it ii
 rubefacient.
   Cochlea'ria Coron'opus, Coron'opus, Corott'-
 opus Ruel'lii  seu depres'sue seu  vulga'ris, Le-
 pid'ium squama'tum, Senebie'ra coron'opus, Wild
 Scurvy Grasa, Swine'a Creas, (¥.) Come de Cerf.
 This European  plant is considered  to be diuretic
 and  antiscorbutic.   The  term  Coron'opus was
 given, by the ancients, to various plants.
   Cochlearia Hortensis, Cochlearia officinalis.
   Cochlea'ria Officinalis, Cochlearia, C. hor-
 ten'sis seu pyrena'ica seu vulga'ris, Lemon Scurtj
 Grass, Common Scurvy Grass, (Sc.) Scrubie-grOH,
 (Prov.)  Scrooby-grase,  (¥.) Cranson,  Herbs avx
 cuil/ers.  It has been considered a powerful anti-
 scorbutic.  It is sometimes eaten in salad.
   Cochlearia  Pyrenaica, C. officinalis—c. Vul-
 garis, C.  officinalis.
   COCHLEARIFOR'MIS, from  cochleare,'
 'a  spoon,' and forma, 'shape;' (F.) Bee de Cuiller.
   COCHLEARIFORMIS PROCES'SUS,  Cochlear'if9HS
 process.   A small, very thin  plate, which sepa-
 rates  the bony  portion of the  Eustachian tube
 from the canal for the passage of the tensor tym-
 pani.
   COCHLEA'RIS.  A  gelatinous looking tissue,
 seen on opening the cochlea, by which the mem> 
COCHLEARIUM            219                 CQ2LIAC
branous zjne is connected, at its outer or convex
margin, with the outer wall.   It is supposed by
Todd and Bowman to be  muscular; and to have
a preservative  office, being placed to defend  the
cochlear nerves  from undue vibrations of sound,
in a way analogous to that in which the iris pro-
tects the retina from excessive light.
  COCHLEARIUM, Cochleare.
  COCHO'NE,  kox*vv.  The junction of the
ischium, near tbe seat or breech.—Foesius.  The
breech proper, from the  hip-bones to the anus.
The perinaeum.   The coccyx.
  COCIL'IO.  A  weight of eleven ounces.
  COCK-EYE, see Luscitas.
  COCK-GRASS, Loliutn temulentum.
  COCKLE, CORN, Lychnis githago.
  COCKLE-BUR, Agrimony, Xanthium.
  COCKLES, INDIAN,  see Menispermum coc-
culus.
  COCKMINT, Tanaeetum balsamita.
  COCKSPUR, Ergot—c. Rye, Ergot.
  COCKUP HAT, Stillingia.
  COCKYBABY, Arum maculatum,
  COCLES, Borgne.
  COCO, Cocos nucifera.
  Coco of  the Maldives', Cocoa de Maldi'va.
 The fruit of a palm, called  Lodo'ice'a  by Com-
 nierson.  It was formerly termed,  in tbe shops,
 flux Med'ica, and enjoyed great reputation.
  COCOA,  Cacao, Cocos nucifera.
  COCOA  CACAVIFERA, Cacao.
  COCOBAY, Mal de San Lazaro.
  COCO-OLEIN, see Cocos nucifera.
  COCOS  BUTYRA'CEA.  The  name  of  the
 plant which affords the palm oil, O'leum pal'ma,
 obtained chiefly from the fruit, by bruising  and
 mixing the kernels with water, without the aid
 of heat, by which the oil  is  separated  and rises
 to the surface.  It  is of  the  consistence of an
 ointment, with little taste, and a strong, though
 not disagreeable,  smell.   It is applied to sprains,
 Ac.; but has no advantages over other oils.  It has
 been  used  as the excipient for suppositories, and
 has been called,  also, O'leum  Palma aeba'ceum,
 0. fix'um nucum  cocoa butyra'cea  and  Mackaw
 fat.  It is procured likewise from the  Ela'ia
 Guiticcn'sis, and EUlis Occidenta'lis, two species
 of palms.  Cocos is  said  to  be contracted  from
 (P.) macoco or macaco,  'a  monkey,' the three
 holes at the end  of the cocoa-nut shell causing
 It to resemble somewhat a monkey's head.
   Cocos Nucif'era, Palma cocos, (¥.)  Cocotier.
 Order,  Palmae.   The systematic   name  of  the
 plant whose fruit is the cocoa-nut. (¥.) Coco.
 It is an agreeable kernel, but  not easy of diges-
 tion.   Emulsions, orgeat, Ac, are  made from it.
 The juice of the cocoa, Toddy, when fermented,
 forms wine, and arrack is distilled from it.   The
 expressed oil—Coco-olein—has been found almost
 as efficacious as cod-liver oil in tuberculosis.
   COCOTE, Influenza.
   COCOTIER, Cocos nucifera.
   COCOWORT, Thlaspi bursa.
   COCTIO, Coetion, Digestion—c. Ciboriim, Di-
 gestion—c. Morbi, Coetion.
   COC'TION, Coc'tio, Pepsis, Pepan'sis, Pepas'-
 mos, Sympep'sis,  Goneoc'tion,  from  coquere,  coc-
 tum, 'to boil.'   This word has  been employed in
 various senses.   1. With the ancients, coetion
 meant the  particular kind of alteration which the
 food experiences in  the digestive organs, particu-
 larly iu  the stomach.   It meant a preparation
 from its crude state.  2.  It expressed the matu-
 ration or change, which the humoral pathologists
 believed morbific matter experiences before elimi-
 nation.  It was  considered, that coetion, Coc'tio
 morbi, was  produced during the violence of the
 disease; and hence this was called the Period of
•Coetion.  See Huinorism.
  OOC'YTA, (F.) Oocyte, from  KtaKvrot,  'lamen-
tation.'  The pain  caused by the introduction of
poison under the skin.—Linnaeus.
  COD, or CODS, Scrotum.
  COD-OIL, Oleum jecoris aselli.
  COD-LIVER  OIL, Oleum jeooris  aselli —c
Olein, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
  CODAGAPALA BARK, Nerium antidysente-
ricum.
  CODE, Codex.
  CODEIA,  Codeine.
  COD'EINE, Codei'a, Codei'num,Papaverlnum,
from  Kwiia,  'a poppy head.'  An alkaloid disco-
vered by Robiquet  in  opium, in 1832.  It is
soluble  in water, alcohol and  ether, and unites
readily  with acids.  As  a  hypnotic, Magendie
thinks one grain of codeia equal to half  a grain
of morphia.  The  muriate  of  codeia appears to
be stronger than the pure codeia.
  CODESELLA, Anthrax.
  CODEX.  A collection of  laws.   (F.) Code.
By extension, a collection  of  approved  medical
formulae, with the processes necessary for form-
ing the compounds referred to  in it.  The Pari-
sian  Pharmacopoeia is styled Codex medicamen-
ta'rius.
  Codex Medicamentarius, Pharmacopoeia, see
Codex.
  CODIA,  Papaver (capsule.)
  CODOCELE, Bubo.
  CODOSCELLA, Bubo.
  CC3CAL, Cascal.
  CGECITAS, Cascitas.
  C03CUM,  Ca?cum.
   COEFFE, Caul.
  CQS'LIA, KoiXia, KoiXn, 'a hollow place.'  This
word generally meant a cavity in the body:—the
abdomen, in particular.  It has also been used
for the  alimentary canal, Ac: — avta xoiXia,  'the
stomach,' kiitu KoiXia, ' the  abdomen.'   Also, an
alvine evacuation;  excrement.
  CCE'LIAC, Cce'liacus,  Gastrocce'liacus, Gaatro-
ccc'licua, (¥.) Codiaque ou Celiaque, from KoiXia,
' the  cavity of the abdomen.'   Relating to  the
cavity of the abdomen.
  Cceliac  Arterv, Arte'ria   Cce'liaca, Coeliac
axia, Artlre  opistogastrique, (Ch.) A.  Ca-liaque,
 Tronc cceliaque, TrSpied de la ccdiaque, is situate
above the  pancreas, and behind the upper  part
of the stomach.  It arises from the anterior part
of the abdominal aorta,  where it passes between
the pillars of the diaphragm,  and soon divides
into the coronaria ventrieuli, hepatic, and splenic
arteries.
  Cceliac Flux, Cidiac Passion, Cceliaca chylo'-
sa, Diarrhoe'a chylo'sa seu chymo'sa', Fluacus  chy-
 lo'stts seu cosliacus, Passio cceliaca seu Ventricu-
lo'aa,  Chymoche'zia, Fluor albua inteatino'rum,
 Chylorrhoe'a, Chymorrhce'a,  Cceliaca lac'tea, Mor-
bua cceliitcus, Chylodiarrhoe'a,  Galactodiarrhce'a,
Sedea lacteacen'tea, Gastrorrhce'a, (¥.) Flux cceli-
aque.   A species of diarrhoea,  in which the food
is discharged by  the  bowels  in an undigested
condition.   By some, defined to be diarrhoea at-
tended  with discharges of chyle or chyme.  It is,
in general, symptomatic of tubercular disease of
the mesenteric glands.   See Lientery.
  Cceliac Passion, Coeliac flux.
  Cceliac  Plexus, Solar Plexus,  Plexua meaen-
ter'ii pro'priua et max'imua,  P. ganglifor'mia
aemiluna'ria, (¥.)  Plexus mSdian ou  opistogas- v
trique, (Ch.), PL Cceliac  ou solaire, Ganglion de
Vieussens, is formed of numerous nervous  fila-
ments, which proceed from tbe semilunar ganglia
of the great sympathetic.  It is strengthened by
several branches of the  right and left  pneumo-
gastric  nerves;  is seated  around the trunk of
the cceliac artery, behind the  stomach, and fur-
nishes  the  secondary  plexuses — the diaphrag- 
CCELIACA
220
COHOSH
matic, coronary of the stomach, splenic and  he- j
patic, which accompany the arteries of the same
name.
  CQG'LIACA, from xoiXtaKOs, 'coeliac'  Diseases
of the digestive organs; the 1st class in Good's
Nosology.   It comprises  two orders, Enterica and
Splanchnica.  Also, medicines  that act on  the
digestive organs.—Pereira.
  Cceliaca Chtlosa, Cceliac  flux — c. Lactea,
Cceliac flux — c. Renalis, Chyluria — c. Urinalis,
Chvluria.
  C03LIADELPH'US, from ccelia,  and aitXtpos,
'brother.'   Anocceliadelph'us.   A  double  mon-
ster, in which the two  bodies are united at the
abdomen.
  CCELLE'MIA,  Hypera'mia abdom'inie,  Con-
gee'tio abdomina'lie, from xotXta, 'abdomen,' and
'aipa, 'blood.'  Hyperaemia or congestion of the
blood-vessels of the abdomen.
  COE'LIAGRA, Gastrltia seu Ehteri'tia seu Col-
ica seu  Diarrhos'a arthrit'ica.   Gout of the ab-
domen.
  CC3LIALGIA, Tormina.
  CCEL1AQUE,  TREPIED  DE  LA, Coeliac
artery.«
  CQ3LIOCELE, see Hernia, hypogastric.
  C0ELIOCHYSIS, Ascites.
  CC3LI0CYESIS, Pregnancy, abdominal.
  C03LI0DYNIA,. Colic.
  C03LIOLYSIA, Diarrhoea.
  CCELION'CUS, Codiophy'ma, from KoiXia, 'the
abdomen,' and oyKos, ' a tumour.'  A tumour of
the abdomen.
  CC3LIOPHYMA, Ccelioncus.
  CCELIOPHY'MATA,   Tuber'cula  peritonei,
from KoiXia, 'the cavity of the abdomen,'  and
ipvpa, 'a hard tumour.'   Tubercles of the perito-
neum.
  CC3LIOPSOPHIA, Borborygmus.
  C03LI0PY0'SIS, from  xotXta, ' the abdomen,'
and  iruwo-ts, 'suppuration.'  Suppuration of the
abdomen or its parietes.
  CGELIORRH03A, Diarrhoea.
  COZLIORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus abdom'-
inis, from KoiXia, 'the abdomen,' and ptvpa, 'de-
fluxion, rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the mus-
cles of the abdomen.
  COSLIOSPAS'MUS,  from  KoiXia,  'abdomen,'
and  oiraouos,  'spasm.'   Spasm  or cramp of the
abdomen.
  CCSLO'MA, from  koiXos,  'hollow.'  A  round
ulcer of the cornea, broader and deeper than that
described under the name Bothrion.
  C0ELON, Cavity.
  COSLOPHLEBrTIS, from *o«Xoy, 'cavus,'0Aed>,
tpXtjlos, 'a vein,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the vena cava.
  CQSLOPHTHAL'MUS, from koiXos,  'hollow,'
and oipdaXpos, ' eye.'  One  who is hollow-eyed.
  COSLOSTOM'IA,  from koiXos, 'hollow,'  and
aropa,.'mouth.'   A defect in  speaking, when the
voice seems as if it came from a cavern;—that is,
obscure, and as if at a distance.
  COELOS'TOMUS, same etymon.  One who has
a hollow voice.
  C03L0TES, Cavity.
  CCENADELPH'US, from koivos, 'common,' and
aitXipos,  'brother!'  A double  monster, the  two
portions having, in common, one or more organs
indispensable to life.
  C03N^STHE'SIS, from koivos, 'common,'and
ato&ncis, 'feeling.'  Conasthe'sis, (¥.) CSnesthSsie.
Common feeling.   Some German writers  mean,
by this, a sixth sense.   It is the feeling of self-
existence or individuality, and is manifested by
the sense of buoyancy or depression, which we
experience without any known cause;—by  invol-
untary shuddering, feeling of chill or glow, Ac.
  CfF.NOLOGIA, Consultation.
  Cffi'NOTES, Koivorns, 'commonness,' from
koivos, 'common.'  The physicians of the metho-
dic sect asserted, that all diseases arise from re-
laxation, stricture, or a mixture of both.  These
were called denotes: or what diseases have in
common.
  COETUS, Coition.
  CCEUR, Heart.
  COF'FEA ARAB'ICA, C. vulga'ris, Jas'minun
Arab'icum, (¥.) Cafler, CafSier,  and  CafSyer.
Order, Rubiaceae.   Sex. Syst. Pentandria .Mono-
gynia.  The plant which  affords coffee, Chonva,
Bon, Buna, (F.) CafS.   Originally from Yemen.
  The infusion of  coffee  is an agreeable  and
wholesome article of diet.  It is, to a certain ex-
tent, a tonic, and is employed as such in conva-
lescence, especially from  fevers, Ac.  In  cases
of poisoning by opium, and in old asthmas, its
use  has been  extolled.  For this  purpose  the
Moka is the best.  It ought to be newly torrefied,
but not too much burnt; should be strong, and
drunk soon after grinding.
  A highly azoted  alkaloid was first found in cof-
fee, and called Cafein or Caffein.  It was after-
wards discovered in the leaves of the tea plant,
and called Thein, and in the Guarana of Brazil,
and called Guaranin.   In doaes of from 2 to 10
grains, it induces  violent nervous and vascular
excitement.  Caffein—as woll as its various salts
—the citrate, lactate,  malate, and muriate, hav
been given as an antiperiodic in grain doses.
  Factitious Coffees have been, from time to time,
recommended, but they are infinitely inferior to
the genuine.   Various eubatitutes have been pro-
posed ; wheat,  barley, hollyberries, acoma,  sun-
flower seeds, beech-mast, peas, beans, auccory-root,
seeds of gooseberries and currants left in making
wine,  and washed, — sliced turnips, Ac.  These
have been roasted, with the addition of a little
butter or oil: but  they have  not  the aroma of
coffee.  The best substitute is said to be the seeds
of the Yellow water flag, Gladiolus luteus or Jrit
paeudacorua,
  Hunt's  CEconomical  Breakfast  Powder  con-
sisted  of rye, roasted with a little butter.
  COFFEE-BEAN TREE, KENTUCKY, Gym-
nocladus Canadensis.
  COFFEE-TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis.
  COFFEE, WILD, Triosteum.
  COGNASSIER, Pyrus cydonia.
  COGNITIO  PHYSIOLOGICA,  Physiology
  COHABITATIO, Coition.
  COHABITA'TION,  Cohabita'tio, from  earn,
'with,' and habitare,  'to dwell.'  The  act of
dwelling together.  In  legal medicine, it meani
the consummation of marriage.—Copulation.
  COHE'SION, Cohasio, from co, and hmrere,
'to stick.'   Via cohaaio'nia seu adhaaio'nia feu
attractio'nia, Force ofcohe'aion, Attraction of eo-
heeion or of aggregation, is that force in the par-
ticles of matter, whereby they are connected in
such away as  to resist any attempt towards their
removal or separation.  This force has  to be at-
tended to, in the management of disease.  Emol-
lients, rubbed  into a part, act by diminishing the
cohesion.
  COHIBENS,  Epischeticus.
  COHOBA'TION,  Oohoba'tio,  Coho'bium,  Co'-
hob, Co'hoph.   Distillation of a liquid — already
distilled—on the same substances.   When this i!
repeated three or four times, it is called Reeoho-
ba'tion.
  COIIOL.  Synonym  of Alcohol  Also, a dry
eollyrium.—Avicenna.
  COHOSH,  Actaea  racetnosa,  Caulopbyllnm
thahctroides —c. Black,  Actjea  rncemo^a-o»
Blue, Caulophyllum thalyctroldes—c. Blueberry, 
COHUSH
221
COLIC
Caulophyllum thalictroides—c. Red, Actaea rubra
—c. White, Actaea alba.
  COHUSH, Caulophyllum thalictroides.
  COIFFE, Caul.
  COIGN, see Pyrus cydonia.
  COIGNASSIER, Pyrus cydonia.
  COINCIDEN'TIA, from co, and incido (in, and
eado), 'to fall or happen.'  Some  authors  have
translated,  by this term, the  word parempto'sie,
used by Galen to designate the occlusion of the
foramen opticura by a humour, proceeding from
the base of the brain, and occasioning blindness!
—Castelli.
  COIN'DICANT,  Coin'dicans, from   co,  and
indico, ' I indicate.'
  Coin'dicant Signs are those which furnish the
same indications; or which confirm the indica-
tion afforded by another sign—ovvtvittKwutva.
  COIRA,  Catechu.
  COIRAS, Scrofula.
  COiT, Coition.
  COIT"ION, Co'itua, Co'etua,  from coSo, (co,
and eo, 'to go,') 'to go together.'   Co'iture, Cop-
ula'tion,  Copula'tio,  Cop'nla Carna'lia,  Aphro-
dis'ia, Aphrodisiasm'us, Epip'loce, Accea'aua, Ba-
sia'tio, Amplexa'tio, Amplex'us, Conven'tus, Com-
plexfio, Conjilgium, Agglutina'tio, Lagne'a, Lag-
neu'ma, Lagnela, Mixis, Permis'tio, Permi.c'tio,
Syndyas'inus, Synu'sia, Concu'bitus,  Congres'sus,
 Cohabita'tio,  Venus, Res  Vene'rea,  Concu'bitus
vcue'reus, Pra'lium, Duellum  vene'reum,  Noc-
tttr'na bella, Concilia corpora'lia, Homilia,  Vetl-
 ery, Sexual intercourse, (¥.) Co'it, Approche, Ac-
couplement.  The carnal union of the sexes.
  COITURE, Coitus.
  COITUS, Coition—c Difficilis, Dyssynodus—c.
Sodomiticus, Buggery.
   COL, Colium—c. de la Matrice, Collum uteri—
e. UtSrin, Collum uteri.
  COLA, Articulation.
  COLATIO, see Colatura.
  COLATO'RIUM,  Hylister,  from  colare, 'to
 strain.'   A strainer of any kind.  (F.) Couloir.
A term by which the ancient physicians described
 every canal or conduit through  which the excre-
mentitious  humours of the body are evacuated.
 Ulcers, fistulas, setons, caustics, Ac, have been
 called artificial or accidental Colatoria, because
 they were' considered to be passages by which
the  animal economy is freed from some morbific
 matter.
  COLATUM, see Colatura.
  COLATU'RA, from colare, 'to strain.'  Cola'-
tum, (¥.) Colature.  A filtered or strained liquor.
It likewise means straining a liquid, — Cola'tio,
DiyHisis, Diylis'mua, Hy'liais, Hylia'mua.
  COL'CHESTER, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Aqua Colcestren'aia.  The  waters  of Colchester
are  of the  bitter purging kind, similar to those
of Epsom.
  COLCHICIA, see Colcbicum  autumnale.
  COL'CHICUM, from Colchia, in Asia, where
it is said to have been common.  Colchicum au-
tumnale.
  Colchicum  Autumna'le,  from  the  country
Colchis.  Colchicum,   Count,  Meadow  Saffron,
(¥.) Colchique, Tue-chien,  Mort aux chiens, Sa-
frau des prSa ou bdtard, Narciaee d'automne, Viel-
lotte. Nat. Ord. Colchicacea3.  Claea, Hexandria.
Order, Monogynia.  The  bulb  or root (Bnlbua
seu Radix  seu Cormue), and the seeds,  Colchici
aemen, are the parts used in medicine. The taste
is acrid, excoriating the mouth;  but the acrimony
is lost by drying.   It  is narcotic, diuretic, and
cathartic; and has  been given in dropsy,  gout,
and rheumatism.   Dose, gr. j to vj of tho  fresh
bulb.  It is supposed to be  the active ingredient
Of  the Eau  mSdicinale d'Husson.   The active
principle is called Colchic"ia.   Colchicum, in  an
over-dose, is an aero-narcotic poison.
  Dr. Wilson's Tincture for the Gout is said to be
merely an infusion of Colchicum, or Colchicin.
  CoLCHicnM Zeylanicum, Kaempferia rotunda.
  COLCHIQUE, Colchicum autumnale.
  COL'COTHAR, C. Vitrioli, Henricus  rubens,
Chalci'tis,  Brown red,  Rouge,  Crocua,  Oxidum
Ferri rubrum,  Tritox'ydum Ferri, Sulphaa Ferri
calcina'tum, Ferrum vitriola'tum uatum,  Terra
vitrioli  dulcia, Crocua mart-is vitriola'tus  seu ad-
atrin'gcns, (¥.) Rouge d'Angleterre ou de  Pruaae,
Sofran  de Mara  astringent.  The red oxide  of
iron, obtained by calcining sulphate of  iron to
redness, with  or without the  contact of air.  It
possesses the  general properties of the prepara-
tions of iron, and has  been applied to  staunch
blood, Ac.
  COLD, (Sax.) COlu, Frigua, Psychos, (¥.) Froid.
The sensation produced by the  abstraction  of
caloric  from our organs,—Cheima, Chimon.  See
Heat.
  Three degrees  of cold  are generally distin-
guished in disease.  1. The simple feeling of cold
(Algor), 2.  Chilliness (Horror),  and 3. Shivering
(Rigor).  Cold is  employed in medicine,  chiefly,
as a refrigerant and  sedative.
  Cold  is,  also, used for a morbid affection  in-
duced by cold.  'To take  cold,' (F.) s'enrhumer,
is to be affected  by a disease presumed to bo
caused by cold.  See Catarrh and Coryza.
  Cold-chill, Intermittent fever.
  Cold in the Eye, Ophthalmia, catarrhal—c.
in the Head, Coryza.
  COLEITIS, Colposis.
  COLEOCELE, see Hernia.
  COLECEDEMA, Elytroedema.
  COLEOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginae.
  COLEORRHEX'IS, from KoXtos, 'a vagina or
sheath,' and pn!;is, 'rupture.'  Laceration or rup-
ture of  the vagina.
  COLEOSITIS, Leucorrhoea.
  COLEOSTEGNO'SIS, Colpostegno'aia,  Colpoa-
tenochor'ia, Colpoaynize'eia, from  xoXtos,  'a va-
gina or sheath,'  and  ortyvioot;,  'constriction.'
Narrowness of the vagina, natural or acquired.
  COLERE,  Rage.
  COLES, Penis—c. Feminarum,  Clitoris,
  COLE US, Vagina.
  CO LI BERT, Cagot.
  COLIC,  Co'licua, from koiXov, 'the colon.' (F.)
Colique.  Relating to the colon.
  Colic Arteries,  Arte'ria colica, (¥.)  Artlres
Coliquea, are six in number, three of which, given
off  by the  auperior  meaenteric, are called Colica
dextra; and three, proceeding from the inferior
mesenteric, Colica einis'tra.  All proceed towards
the colon, passing between the two laminae of the
peritoneum, which  form  the mesocolon,  where
they ramify and  anastomose with  each  other.
The first, Colica  dextra, Ramtta colica dexter, is
called C. dextra  auperior, (MSso-colique, — Ch.)
The second, C. dextra media, Colica media, Ra-
mtta colicua mediua,  Arteria media anaatomoltea,
(C. droite, Ch.,) and  the third, C. dextra infe'rior
or Ileo-colica,  (A. cacale, — Ch.)  Of the three
Colica einiatra, the  first or auperior is called, by
Chaussier,  Colica magna ainis'tra; the second or
media is not distinguished from  tne preceding, as
they often  arise from a common trunk ;  and the
third is  called by Chaussier Colica parva ainis'-
tra.  To these  arteries as many veins  correspond,
which open into the  great and little mesenteric.
  Colic Lobe of the Liver is the great  lobe of
that organ.
  Colic, Co'lica, C. Passio,  Colice,  Colieodyn'-
ia,   Cceliodyn'ia,   Dolo'rea  infeatino'rum,  Dolor
co'licus,  Dysenteronerv'ia,   Enteralgia,   Gripes,
Mulligrubs,  Bellyache, (Sc.) BeUythra, Weam-Hl, 
COLICA  ACCIDEXTALIS       222           COLICA UTERINA
(Prov.) Bcllyharm, Bellytrark,  Gullion.   In its |
etymological acceptation, Colic signifies an affec-
tion or pain in the colon.  But it is employed in
a more extensive signification.  It includes every
acute pain of the abdomen, aggravated at inter-
vals.   The  word  has often, however, epithets
affixed to it, which render it  more or less precise.
See Tormina.
  Colic,  Bilious, Colica biliosa—c.  Crapulent,
Colica crapulosa—o. Devonshire, Colica metallica.
—c. Horn, Priapismus—c. Lead,  Colica metallica
— c. .Madrid, Colica Madridensis — c.  Menstrual,
Colica menstrualis — c. Metallic, Colica metallica
—c. Nephretic, Colica nephretiea—c. Normandy,
Colica metallica — c. Painters', Colica metallica
— c. Plumbers', Colica metallica — c. of Poitou,
Colica metallica — c. of Prostitutes, Colica scor-
torum—c. Renal, Colica nephretiea—c. Saturnine,
Colica metallica—c. Root, Aletris—c. of Surinam,
Colica metallica—c. Uterine, Colica uterina — e.
Vegetable,  Colica metallica—c. Weed, Dicentra
Canadensis—c. Worm, Colica verminosa.
  COLICA ACCIDENTALIS,  Colica crapulosa
—c. Acuta, Enteritis—c.  Arthritica, Cceliagra.
  Co'i.yA Bilio'sa, Bilious Colic, (¥.) Colique
Bilieuse.   Colic, occasioned by an  accumulation
of bile in the  intestines  or in its own passages.
The treatment required resembles that proper for
Colica convulsiva.
  Colica Callo'sa.  Colic attended with sense
of stricture in some parts of the intestinal canal ;•
often of flatulency and pain ; the flatulency gra-
dually  passing off by the stricture;  the  bowels
tardy; and at length discharging small liquid
stools.
   Colica Convulsi'va,  C.  Spasmod'ica  seu pi-
tuito'sa  seu nervo'sa seu  idiopath'ica,  Entero-
epasm'us.   Colic, not the  symptom of any other
affection.  It is characterized by griping pain in
the bowels, chiefly about  the navel, with vomit-
ing  and  costiveness — the pain increasing at in-
tervals.   The indications are  to  clear the intes-
tines, and  allay  spasm.   Calomel  and opium —
castor oil and opium — emollient and cathartic
enemata, with fomentations, wet  or dry, to the
abdomen, usually succeed.
   Colica Crapulo'sa,  C.  accidenta'lis seu  hel-
 luo'num, Crap'uleut colic, Surfeit, Colic from over-
 eating, (¥.) Colique d'Indigestion.  A colic, ari-
 sing  from eating indigestible aliments, or digest-
ible aliments in too great abundance. The remedy
is obvious.
   Colica Damnoniorum, Colic, metallic—c. Fe-
 bricosa, Colica inflammatoria—c. Figulorum, Co-
 lica metallica.
   Colica Flatulen'tA,  Infia'tio, Gaatrodyn'ia
  flatulen'ta,  Phyaoapaa'mua,  Pnenmato'ais enter'-
 ica,  (¥.)  Colique fiatulente ou fiatuense ou  ven-
 teuse.  Colic, arising from an accumulation of air
 in the intestines.  It is very common in infants,'
 and  may be  relieved by  aromatics, especially
 when combined  with antacids—for example, oil
 of aniseed with  magnesia.
   Colica Helliionum, Colica crapulosa.
   Colica Hemorrhoidals, Hemorrhoid'al  Co-
 lic, (¥.)  Colique hSmorrhdidale.   A kind of colic,
 supposed to precede hemorrhoids or to supervene
 on their suppression.
   Colica  Hepat'ica, Hepatalgia*  Hepatalgia
  Calculo'sa, Hepat'ic colic, (¥.) Colique hSpatique.
 Pain in  the region  of the liver,  chiefly about the
 gall-bladder, occasioned  by  the  passing  of a
 biliary calculus  through the cystic and choledoch
 ducts.
   Colica  Idiopathica, Colica  convulsiva — c.
 Ileus,  Ileus.
   Colica Inflammato'ria, C.  Phlogia'tica  seu
 plethor'ica seu febrico'aa seu puleat'ilia, Inflam'-
 matory colic.  The same as enteritis.
  Colica Lapponica. see Seta equina—c. Loohl.
alis, Dyslochia—c. Madridensis, Colio of Madrid
—c. Nervosa, Colica convulsiva, Colic, metallic—
c. Phlogistica, Colica inflammatoria.
  Colica Madriden'sis,  Colic of  Madrid, Ma.
drid Colic.   A  species of colic,  endemic in se.
vera! provinces of Spain,  whose nature is  not
clear.   Its symptoms resemble those occasioned
by  lead.  See Colica metallica.
  Colica Menstrua'lis,  Men'atrual Colic, (F.)
Colique  menstruelle.  Colic,  which  precedes 01
accompanies the  menstrual evacuation, or which
isowing to the suppression of that  evacuation.
  Colica Metal'lica, Metallic  Colic,  Painters'
Colic, Colic of Poitou, Colic of Surinam',  li'ellon,
Devonshire  Colic, Dry Bellyache,  Dry  Grip'*,
Saturnine Colic,  Lead Colic,  Plumbers'  Colic,
Rachialgi.a,  R.  Pic'tonum  seu  Pictavien'siutn,
Morbus Metallictts, Colicople'gia, Colica  Rachial'.
gia seu Damnonio'rum seu  Plumbario'rum  sen
Pic'tonum seu  Saturni'na seu  Figulo'ruui  seu
nervo'sa seu Picto'rum  seu sicca, Paralysis ra-
chialgia, Palmus Plttmba'rius,  Molybdoco'lien,
(¥.) DysentSronervie Saturnine, Colique de Poi-
tou ou vSgStale ou des peintres ou  de  plomb ou
metallique ou Saturnine ou des barbouilleurs ou
slche.  Under this head  is  generally  described
the colic produced by lead,  as well as  the other
colics mentioned  in the synonymy; and they cer-
tainly  resemble  each  other greatly,  although
some of them are more like bilious colic.   There
is  not  much to distinguish  this variety of colie
from others.  The same violent pain  about tbe
navel is present, with retraction of the abdomen
towards  the spine.   It is apt  also to occasion
palsy.   The  only difference of  treatment is in
 the necessity for employing more  opium al< u_;
 with the purgative.   The paralytic sequelas must
 be  treated by change of air, rubbing  the spine,
 exercise, Ac.  Treating the disease upon  general
principles is infinitely  more philosophical, and
 more  successful  than the former empirical man-
agement at  La CharitS, Paris, which it is unne-
 cessary to detail.
   The Colic of Madrid, Poitou, Devonshire, -W-
mandy, Ac, has  been called vegetable colic, (F.)
 Colique vSgStale, because ascribed  to the use of
new wine or  cider, unripe  fruit,  Ac, although
really, perhaps,  owing  to  the  adulteration of
 wines and cider by litharge.   All the symptoms,
indeed, are those of Colica metallica.
   Colica Nephret'ica,  Nephroco'lica,  Co'liea
 rena'lis, Nephret'ic or Renal Colic, (¥.)  Colique
 NSphrStique.   Acute pains, which accompany
 nephritis, and  especially calculous nephritis, or
 the passage  of a  calculus into the ureter.
   Colica Pictonum, Colica metallica—c. Picto-
; rum, Colica metallica—c. Pituitosa, Colica convul-
[ siva — c. Plethorica, Colica inflammatoria —c.
 Plumbariorum,  Colica  metallica — c.  Pulsatilis,
 Colic,  inflammatory — c.  Rachialgia, Colica me-
 tallica—c Renalis,  Colica nephretiea—c. Satur-
 nina, Colica metallica.
    Colica Scorto'rum, Colic of Proa'titutes. A
 form of colic said, by Dr. Martin Hassing, of Co-
 penhagen, to have been frequently observed hy
 him amongst that unfortunate class of beings. It
 may well be doubted whether any special affec-
I tion of the kind  appertains to them.
    Colica Sicca, C.  metallica — c. Spasmodic*
 Colica convulsiva, Ileus.
    Colica Sterco'rea,  Colica Stipa'ta, Stercora'-
 ceous Colic,  (¥.) Colique atercorale.   A spaces
 of colic, ascribed to  the retention of faecal  Bat-
 ters in the intestines.  The retention is itoelf,
j however, an effect, that may be  caused in the
 same manner as  the colic pains themselves.
    Colica Stipata, Colica stercorea.
I    Colica  Uteri'na, Hya'ten-co'lica,  Cterr* 
COLICODYNIA            223                 COLLOID
Colic, (¥.) Colique utSrine.  Pain seated in the
uterus, sometimes called Hyateralgia.
  Colica Ventiiiculi, Cardialgia.
  Colica Vermino'sa,  Helminthoco'lica, Worm
Colic, (F.) Colique vermineuae.  Abdominal pain,
occasioned by the presence of  worms in the in-
testines.
  COLICODYNIA,  Colica.
  COLICOPLEGIA, Colic, metallic.
  COLIMACON, Helix pomatia, Limax.
  COLIQUE, Colic—c. dea Barbonilleura, Colica
metallica—c. HSpatique, Colica hepatica—c. d'In-
digestion, Colica crapulosa—c.  MStallique, Colica
metallica — c. de Miserere, Ileus — c. de MisSri-
corde, Ileus — <•- des Peintrea, Colica metallica —
c. de Plomb, Colica metallica—c. de Poitou, Colica
metallica — c.   Saturnine,  Colica metallica — c.
Slche, Colica metallica — c. VSgStale, Colica me-
tallica—c. Venteuse,  Colica flatulenta.
  COLIQUES, Pains, (after.)
  COLI'TIS, from  koiXov,  'the colon,'  and  itis,
denoting inflammation;  Coloni'tia, Enteri'tia co'-
 lica, (¥.) Inflammation du colon. Inflammation
 of  the  peritoneal or  mucous  membrane of the
 colon.  The former is  termed  Serocolltia, and
 Exocoli'tia;  the latter, Endocolitia and Dyaentery.
  COLIX. Trochiscus.
  COLLA PISCIUM, Ichthycolla.
  COLLAPSE, Collapsus —c. of the Lung, see
 Atelectasis—c.  Pulmonary, see Atelectasis.
   COLLAP'SUS, Collapse,  Concidetltia;  from
 color cum, 'with,' and labor, lapsua, 'to fall.'  (F.)
 Affaiasement. A complete prostration of strength,
 either at the commencement or in  the  progress
 of  a disease.
   COLLAR-BONE, Clavicle.
   COLLARD,  Dracontium  foetidum — o.  Cow,
 Dracontium foetidum — c. Polecat,  Dracontium
 foetidum.
   COLLARIUM SALINUM,  Haloderfeum.
   COLLAT'ERAL, Collatera'lia, (¥.) Collateral,
 from col, 'with,' and  latua,  'side.'   That which
 accompanies or proceeds by the side of another.
   Collateral Ar'teries of the Arm,  Arte'ria
 Collatera'lea Bra'chii,  (¥.) Artlreacollateralea du
 bras.  They are given off by  the brachial, and
 are distinguished into, 1. The collateral—superior
 or  external (Grandee musculaires du bras—Ch.)
 which arise from the inner part  of the brachial,
 and extend  as  far as the inferior and  external
 part of the arm.  2. The collateral — inferior or
 internal(CollatSrales du Coude—Ch.) which arise
 from the brachial, near the  elbow-joint, and de-
 scend towards the upper part of the fore-arm.
   The vessels which pass to the fingers and toes
 are also called collateral.
   Speaking generally,  collateral  branches are
 those which follow nearly the  same course  as
 the ves.«el whence they emanate.
   COLLATERALIS,  Ischio-cavernosus.
   OOLLE-CHAIR, Sarcocolla.
   COLLE DE POISSON, Ichthyocolla.
   COLLECTION,  Collec'tio, from colligere, (col
 and lego) ' to gather.'   This word is often united
 to the epithet purulent, seroua, Ac, to  express a
 gathering of pus, serum, Ac
  COLLESIS,  Agglutination.
   COLLET DES DENTS, see Tooth.
  COLLETICUS, Agglutinant.
  COLLEY'S  DEPILATORY, see Depilatory.
  COLLIC'IiE.   Same etymon as Collection.
 1 Drains to collect and convey away water.'  See
 GOUTTIERE. Union of the ducts passing from
 the puncta lacrymalia,  Collic'Ha  puncto'rum
 laeryma'linm.
  COLLICULI NERVI ETHMOIDALS,  Cor-
pora striata — c. Nervorum opticorutn, Thalami
nervorum opticorum—c Vagina.-, Nymphae.
  COLLICULUS,  see Optic nerve.
  Coli.ic'ulur Cave.e Posteiuoris Ventriculo-
rum Lateralium, Hippocampus  minor—c Semi.
nalis, Gallinaginis  caput
  COLLIER  (¥.), A collar,  from collum,  'the
neck.'   A name j;iven to certain eruptions which
surround the neck  like a collar.
  COLLIER ANODIN, Necklace, anodyne.
  COLLIUAMEN, Ligament.
  COLLIGATIO, Syndesmosis.
  COLLINSO'NIA, C. Canaden'aiaseu decusso'ta,
Horsetoeed, Haraebalm, Rich weed, Richleafi Heal-
nll,  Stoneroot,  Knotroot, Knotweed,  Knobweed.
Order,  LabiataD.   Called after  Peter  Collinson.
This indigenous plant is  possessed of diuretic
properties, which  seem to reside in a volatile oil.
Infusion is the  best form of administration.  The
leaves in domestic practice are applied  to wounds
and bruises.
  Colunsonia Decussata, C. Canadensis.
  COLLIQUAMEN'TUM, from colliqneo,  (col
and liqueo,)  'I melt.'  The first rudiments of an
embryo.—Harvey.
  C 0 L LI Q U A'T ION, Colliqua'tio, Eliqna'tio,
Syntex'ia, Ectex'is, Solu'tion, Dissolution.  'The
act of melting.' (¥.) Fonte. The ancients meant,
by  this  term, the progressive  diminution  of the
solid parts, with copious excretion of liquids by
one or  more passages.   They thought, that all
the solids melted;  and that the liquids, and par-
ticularly the blood, lost a portion of their density.
  COLLIQUATIVE, Colliquative,  ColHques'-
cena, from colliqueacere, (col and liqueo,) ' to grow
liquid.'   (F.) Co/liquatif.  An epithet given to
various discharges, whieh produce rapid exhaus-
tion.  Hence we say, Colliquative eweats,  Colli-
quative  diarrhoea,  Ac.
  COLLIQUESCENS, Colliquative.
  COLLISIO,  Contusion.
  COLLIX, Trochiscus.
  COLLODES, Glutinous.
  COLLO'DION,  Collo'dium,  Ethe'real Solu'tion
of Gun-cotton, Maynard'a Adhesive Liquid;  from
KoXXa, 'glue.'  A solution obtained by dissolving
gun-cotton, Pyrox'ylin,  (¥.)  Fulmicoton,  Coton-
poudre,  Poudre-coton,  Coton fulminant,  Coton
azotique, in a mixture of rectified ether and alco-
hol, in  the proportion of about 16 parts of the
former  to 1  of the latter.  When applied to  a
part, the ether evaporates, and the solid adhesive
material is left, which  contracts.  Hence  it is
used in cases of wounds, to keep their edges to-
gether.   It forms, also, a coating, and has  been
applied in abrasions,  and in cases of burns.  In
various chronic cutaneous diseases, it  has  been
applied with advantage; and has been employed
to  give a coating  to  pills, which it  deprives of
their taste, without interfering with their action.
  Collodion is in the last edition of the Ph. U. S.
(1851.)
  Collodion, Canthar'idal, Collo'dium vealcan*
seu cantharida'le.   Prepared  by exhausting, by
displacement, a pound of coarsely-powdered can-
tharidea with  a pound  of aulphuric  ether,  and
three' ounces of acetic ether.  In two  ounces of
this saturated solution of cantharides, twenty-five
grains of gun-cotton are  dissolved.   By painting
the surface with a little  of this  solution, vesica-
tion is  produced,  as with  the  plaster of can-
tharides.             -
  COLLODIUM, Collodion—c Cantharidale,Col-
lodion,  cantharidal—c. Vesicans, Collodion, can-
tharidal.
  COLLOID, Colloi'dea, from KoXXa, 'glue,' and
ttios, ' resemblance;' Cancer  alveola'ris,  Ca-ci-
no'ma alveola're, (F.) Cancer  alvSolaire ou CoU 
COLLOMA
224
COLON
loide ou GSlntiniforme, Cancer alvSolaire ou arSo-
laire ou pultacS ou  gommeiix, Gelatinona cancer.
An epithet applied to a product of morbid secre-
tion, resembling glue, or  particles  of jelly inlaid
in a regular alveolar bed.   The three  rpecies of
cancer or carcinoma are,—Encephaloid, Scirrhoua,
and Colloid.   See Cancer.
   COLLO'MA, from koXXo, 'glue.'  A name pro- |
posed by Dr. Walshe for the gelatiniform matter,
which is of common occurrence  in cysts.   It is
transparent,  amorphous, and  devoid  of vessels
and nerves.
   COLLONE'MA, from koXXu, 'glue.'  A  pecu-
liar gelatinous tumour, consisting of a remarkably
soft gelatiniform tissue, which trembles on being
touched.—J. Miiller.
   COLLOSTRUM, Colostrum.
   COLLOURION,  Collyrium.
   COLLUM, Cervix, Trache'loa,  Anchen,  Neck,
(Prov.)  Hause, Hose,  (¥.) Col, Con.  The part of
the body situate between the head  and  chest.
Also, a  part of an organ resembling the neck, as
in the following cases.
   Collum Astrag'ALI, Cervix Astrag'ali,  Neck
of the Astragalus, (¥.) Col de laatragale.  A de-
pression, which separates the anterior extremity
of the astragalus from its body.
   Collum Costa'rum, Cervix Coata'rum,  Neck
of the Riba, (F.)  Col dea C6tea. The narrow part
of the ribs, between the head and tubercle.
   Collum Den'tium, Cerrix  Dentium, Neck of
the Teeth, (¥.) Col  ou Collet dea Denta.  The part
of the teeth  between the corona and fang, which
is embraced by the gum.
   Collum Fem'oiiis, Cervix  Fern'oris, Neck of
the Thigh-bone, (¥.) Col du Femur.   The long,
narrow, and oblique portion  of  the  os femoris,
which  separates  the head  from  the two tro-
chanters.
   Collum Fib'uLjE, Cervix Fib'ula,  Neck of the
Fibula, (¥.)  Col du PSrone.  A slight narrowness
seated below the head or upper extremity of the
fibula.
   Collum Glandis,  see Glans.
   Collum Ho'sieri,  Cervix Hu'meri,  Neck of the
Hu'merits.  A circular, depressed portion, which
separates the head of the os humeri from its two
tuberosities.  Some surgeons place the neck be-
low the tuberosities, no precise line of demarca-
tion indicating its  extent.
   Collum Mandib-'uLjE seu Maxil'LjE  Inferio'-
EIS, Cervix Mandib'ula  seu Maxilla Inferio'ris,
 Neck of the lower jaw, (¥.) Col de Vos maxillaire
 itifSri-eure.  A depression observable on each side
 of the  lower jaw, immediately  below the con-
 dyles.
   Collum Obstipum, Torticollis.
   Collum Ossis Magni seu Capita'ti, Cervix oa-
 sis magni  seu capita'ti, Neck  of  the Os Magnum,
 (F.)  Col du grand  Os.  A circular depression be-
 neath the head of  this bone of the carpus.
   Collum Pedis, Instep.
   Collum  Ra'dii, Cervix  Radii, Neck  of the
 Raditta, (¥.) Col du Radius.  A narrow portion
 of the radius, which supports the head of the
 bone.
   Collum  Scap'ula, Cervix Scap'ula, Neck of
 the Scap'ula, (¥.)  Col de lOmoplatte.  A narrow
 portion, observable below the glenoid cavity of
 the scapula,  which  seems to separate it, as it
 were, from the rest of the bone.
   Collum U'teri, Cervix U'teri, Jug'ulum Uteri,
 Neck of the Uterus,  (¥.) Col  de  la Matrice,  Col
 utSrin.   A narrow, cylindrical, and flattened por-
 tion of the uterus,  which terminates it inferiorly,
 and opens into the vagina by the Os  Uteri or Os
 Tinea.  This neck is perceptible on examination
 per vaginam, until near the end of utero-gesta-
tion.  As the uterus enlarges, however, it becomei
shorter  and wider, so that a manifest difference
exists between its condition at seven and  nine
months-.
  Collum Vesi'cje, Cervix Vesica, Neck of tht
Bladder, (¥.) Col de la  Vessie.   The anterior
part of  the base of the bladder, which resemblei
the neck of a bottle, and  is continuous with tht
urethra.
  COLLURIUM, Collyrium.
  COLLUTIO, Gargarism.
  COLLUTO'RIUM, (F.)  Collutoire, from col-
lucre, 'to wash out.'  A mouth wash.
  Collutorium Adstringens, Mel boracis,
  COLLU'VIES, from colluo, 'I cleanse.' Filth,
excrement.   Discharge from an old ulcer.
  Colluvies Gastrica, Embarras gastrique.
  COLLYR'IUM,   Collu'rium,  Collu'rion,  (F.)'
Collyre, from kwAuw, 'I check,' and pew, 'I flow,'
or  from' koXXo,  'glue,'  and ovpa,  'tail' [?], (F.)
Collyre.  The ancients  designated, by this term,
a solid medicine, of a long, cylindrical shape:
proper  to be introduced into the vagina, anus, or
nostril.  They are said to have given it this name
because it was shaped like a Rat's Tail, and be-
cause there entered into its composition powders
and glutinous matters.—Celsus, Oribasius, Scribo-
nius Largus.  At  the  present  day,  Collyrium
means an application to the eye.  Some arepid-
verulent and dry, Ophthalmempas'mata, CoVyr'ia
sicca, but the greatest part  are liquid, Hygro-
collyr'ia; and  receive  different epithets, as at-
tringent, emollient, Ac.   The term is now  little
more than synonymous with Eye-water. Collyruv
are generally extemporaneous formulae.
   Collyrium Bateanum, see  Lotion, campho-
rated, of Bates—c Siccum, see Collyrium—c. Sic-
cum Alexandrinum, see Alexandrine.
   COLOBO'MA, KoXojiiopa, 'any thing truncated
or  shortened.'  A mutilated or maimed organ.
   Colobo'ma I'ridis, Irido-coloboma.  A conge-
nital peculiarity of the iris, consisting in a fissure
of  its lower portion, and  a consequent prolonga-
tion of the iris  to the margin of the cornea. See
Iridorrhagas.
   COLOBO'SIS, KoXoPiams, The act of curtailing
or  mutilating; mutilation.
   COLOCHOLO'SIS, from mXov, 'the  colon,*
and j^oXij, 'bile.'  Bilious dysentery, Dysenter'ia
bilio'ea.
   COLOCYTNTH, Cucumis colocynthis.
   COLOMBINE, COMMON, Aquilegia vulgaris.
   COLOMBA, Calumba.
   COLON, C. Cacum, Monen'terum, Colum, Intel-
tlnum  majua, I. cellula'turn, I. craaaum et plenum,
 I. grande, I. laxum, Phyace, tpvoKn.  That portion
 of the  large  intestines which extends  from the
 caecum to the rectum.  It is said to have been so
 called  from koiXos, 'hollow,' or from  koiXvih, 'I
 arrest,' because  the excrements are arrested, for
 a  considerable  time, in  its sacs, — cellula seu
 hauatra  seu loculamenta coli.   The  colon is
 usually divided into four portions.  1.  The righ
 lumbar or  aacending, Colon  dextrum,  situate in
 the right lumbar region,  and commencing at the
 caecum.  2. Tronaverae  colon, Colon tranaver'euw,
 tranaverae arch  of the  colon, the portion  of the
 colon which crosses from the right to the left side,
 at  the  upper part of the abdomen.  3. The Uft
 lumbar or deacending colon, Colon ainia'trum, ex-
 tending from the left part of the transverse areh,
 opposite the outer  portion of the left kidney, to
the corresponding iliac fossa.  4. The Iliae colon
or  Sigmoid flexure of the colon, (¥.) Colon iliaqU
ou S. du colon, the portion of the intestine whi«h
makes a double curvature in the left iliao fosta,
and ends in the rectum. 
COLONITIS             225               COLPOSIS
  The muscular fibres, as in the caecum, are in
three flat stripes,  Ta'nt'a seu Fascia  Ligamen-
to'em Coli,  Ta'nia  Valsalva  seu  Ligamen'ta
eoli.
  Colon, Mombrum — c Inflammation  of  the,
Colitis.
  Colon, Torpor  of the.  A disease in which
the muscular coat  of the colon acts with deficient
energy;  giving occasion to distension of the in-
testine, which, by pressing upon the other organs,
may interfere so much with their functions, as to
lead to distressing gastric, cardiac and other dis-
orders.
  COLONITIS, Colitis, Dysentery.
  COLONNE, Columna —c. VertSbrale, Verte-
bral column.
  COLONNES CHARNUES, Carneae Columnse
r—c. Charnues du Coeur, Columnae carneae.
  COLOPHANE, Colophonia.
  COLOPHANY,  Colophonia.
  COLOPHO'NIA, so  called from Colophon, a
city of Ionia;  Phrycte, Frieta,  Pix Graca, Re-
ii'nn nigra, Col'ophany, Colophony, Black Roain,
Pitch, Brown Roain, (¥.) Colophone, Colophane,
Arcaiison, Drai aec.   The black resin which re-
mains in  the  retort,  after  the distillation, by
means of a strong fire, of  common turpentine.
It is used like  the turpentines in general, and in
some pharmaceutical preparations.
   COLOPHONY,  Colophonia.
   COLOQUINTE, Cucumus colocynthis.
   COLOQUINTIDA, Cucumus colocynthis.
   COLOR VIRGINEUS PALLIDUS, Chlorosis
—c. Virginum  fcedus, Chlorosis.
   COLO-RECTITIS, Dysentery.
   COLOSTRA, Colostrum.
   COLOSTRATIO, Colostration.
   COLOSTRA'TION,  Coloatra'tio.   Disease in
 new-born children, attributable to  the colostrum.
   COLOSTRUM, Coloa'tra, Collttetrum,  Colua'-
 trum, Tropk'alia,  Protog'ala, Neog'ala, Primttm
 Pner'pera lac,  Pytia, Pyetia, Green 3Iilk, (Beaat-
 liugs, Beiatings, Beestings, Biestinga or Reaatings,
 Beest, (Sc.)  Be 1st. Beistyn,  (Prov.)  Fore-milk,
 Poad-uiilk, Pored milk, Pourd-milk, in the cow,
 &c.,) from koXov, 'food''[?], or from KoXXa, 'glue,'
 on account of the  viscidity of the first milk.  (F.)
 BSton.  The first  milk after accouchement.  It
 contains more serum and butter, and less casein
 than common milk, and seems to possess an eva-
 cuant property, which  renders it fit to aid in the
 expulsion of the meconium.  Colostrum formerl}7
 meant an emulsion  prepared of turpentine and
 yolk of  egg.
   COLOUR-BLINDNESS, Achromatopsia.
   COLOURS,  ACCIDENT'AL,  Op'poaite  co-
 lottra, Complementary or Harmon'ic  colours, (¥.)
 Covleiira ComplSmentairea.  If the eye has been
for some time  regarding a particular colour, the
 retina becomes insensible to  this colour ;  and if,
afterwards, it  be  turned to a sheet  of white
paper, the paper will not seem  to be white, but
will be of the  colour that arises from the union
of all the rays of  the solar spectrum, except the
one to which the  retina has become insensible.
Thus, if the eye  be  directed for some time to a
red wafer, the  sheet  of paper will seem to be of
a bluiah-green,  in  a circular spot of the same di-
mensions as the wafer.  This bluish-green image
is called an oc'ular  epoctmm, because it is im-
pressed  upon the  eye and may  be retained for a
short time; and the colour  bluiah-green, is said
to be the accidental colour of the red.   If this
experiment be  made with wafers of different co-
lours, other accidental  colours will be observed,
varying with tbe  colour of the wafer employed,
as in the following table :—
      IJ
Colour of the            Accidental colour, or colour of Ou
  Wafer.                    ocular spectrum.
  Red..........................Bluish green.
  Orange......................Blue.
  Yellow.......................Indigo.
  Green...................___Violet with a little red.
  Blue..........................Orange red.
  Indigo.......................Orange yellow.
  Violet....................... Yellow green.
  Black........................White.
  White........................Black.

  If all the colours of the speetrum be ranged in
a circle, in the proportions they hold in the tytc-
truin  itself, the accidental colour'of any  particu-
lar colour will be found directly opposite.   Hence,
the two colours have been termed opposite colours.
It will follow from what has been said, that if the
primary colour, or that to which the eye  has been
first directed, be added to the accidental colour,
the result must be the same impression a^ that
produced by the union of all the rays of the spec-
trum— white light.   The accidental  colour,  in
other words, is what the primitive colour requires
to make it white light.   The  primitive and acci-
dental colours are, therefore, complementa of each
other; and hence accidental colours  have also
been  called complementary colours.  They  have
likewise  been  termed harmonic, because the pri-
mitive and its  accidental colour harmonize with
each other in painting.
  COLPAL'GIA,  from  KoXvbs,  'vagina,' and
aXyos, ' pain.'   Pain in the vagina.
  COLPATRE'SIA, Elytratre'sia, Ancylocol'pns,
Atretelyt'ria, from koXitos, 'vagina,' and armtros,
' without opening.'  Imperforation of the vagina.
  COLPEMPHRAX'IS, from  koXvos, 'vagina,'
and  tv<ppa!-is, ' obstruction.'   Obstruction of th
vagina by foreign bodies.
  COLPEURYN'TER, Speculum vaginas.  The
same  term is given by Dr. Braun  to  an instru-
ment for dilating the os uteri, and upper part of
the vagina.  The operation is called Colpeu'rysie.
  COLPITIS, Colposis.
  COLPOCACE, JEdceotltia gongr'ano'sa,  Gan-
gra'na genita'lium et vagina,  from koXitos. 'va-
gina,' and KaKos, 'evil.'  Putresceney or gangrene
of the vagina and labia.
  Colpocace  Infantilis, JEdnoti'tie grangra-
no'aa puella'rum, Noma pndendo'rum.  Grangrene
or putresceney of the vagina and genitals  in young
children.
  Colpocace  Puerpera'rum. AEdceotlti* Gan-
grano'aa  puerpera'rum,  Tocodomycodorltis ma-
lig'na vagina'lis (Ritgen).   Sloughing  of the
vagina and genitals in puerperal women.
  COLPOCELE, Elytrocele.
  COLPOCYSTOTOM'IA, from koa™5, ' vagina,'
Kvorts, 'bladder,' and ropn, 'incision.'  Sectio ea-
gi'no-veaica'lie.  Lithotomy through the vagina.
  COLPODESMORRAPH'IA, from koX™s, 'va-
gina,' itopos, ' ligament,' and pa<pn, ' suture.' The
removal of a part of tbe mucous membrane of the
vagina for the radical cure of prolapsus vaginae
et uteri.
  C0LPO3DEMA, Elytroedema.
  COLPOPHLEGHYMENITIS. Encolpitis.
  COLPOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginae.
  COLPORRHA'GIA, Elytrorrha'gia, from koX
iios, 'vagina,' and pnywpi, 'I break forth.'  Dis-
charge of blood from the vagina.
  COLPORRHAPIIY, Elytrorrhaphv.
  COLPORRHEX'IS, Ritptu'ra  vagina,  from
koXitos, 'vagina,'  and  pnk~is, 'rupture.'   Rupture
of the varrina.  Also, colporrhigia.
  COLPORRHCEA, Leucorrhoja.
  COLPOS. see Mamma; Sinus, Vagina.
  COLPO'SIS.   Inflammation of  the  vagina. 
COLPOSTEGNOSIS          226          COMMEMORATIVE
Synonymous with Elytroi'tis, Elytri'tis, Colei'tia,
Colpitis.  See Leucorrhoea.
  COLPOSTEGN O'SIS, Coleoategno'aia, from
koXitos, 'vagina,' and ortyvoui, 'Iclose.'  Atresia,
or obliteration of the vagina.
  COLPOSTENOCHORIA, Coleostegnosis.
  COLPOSYNIZESIS, Coleostegnosis.
  COLPOT'OMY, Colpotom'ia, from koX-kos, 'va-
gina.'  and roun,  'incision.'  An incision of the
vagina in parturition.
  COLT'S FOOT, Asarum Canadense, Tussilago.
  COL'UBER  BERUS.   The systematic name
of  the viper,  Vi'pera,  (¥.)  Oouleuvre,  Viplre.
Close, Reptilia, Ord. Ophidia.  A poisonous rep-
tile—the poison lying in small sacs near its teeth.
The flesh is  innocent, and has  been often taken
in scrofula, and in cutaneous disorders in general,
but it is inefficacious.
   COLUBRINA,  Polygonum bistorta —c. Dra-
contia, Arum  dracunculus — c.  Lusitanica, Eu-
phorbia capitata—c. Virginiana, Aristolochia ser-
pentaria.
   COLUM, Colon.
   COLUMBINE, Aquilegia vulgaris—c. Wild,
 Aquilegia Canadensis.
   COLUMBO, Calumba—c. American,  see Ca-
 lumba—c. Marietta, see Calumba.
   COLUMELLA,  Pillar,  Uvula —c. Cochleae,
 Modiolus.
   COLUM'NA,  Column,  (F.)  Colonne.  Anato-
 mists use this word for  parts which  resemble a
 column or pillar; hence for the penis.
   Columna  Adstans  Inguinibus,  Penis — e.
 Dorsi, Vertebral column — c. Fornicis, see Fornix.
   Colum'na Nasi.  The cartilaginous part of the
 septum of the  nostrils.   See Nares.
   Columna  Oris, Uvula—c. Spinalis, Vertebral
 column — c. Virginitatis, Hymen — c. Foramuiis
 ovalis, see Ovalis fossa — c. Valvules Vieussenii,
 see Valvula Vieussenii—c. Vertebralis, Vertebral
 column.
    COLUMNS BERTI'NI, Columna of Bertin.
 Processes of the cortical substance of the kidney,
 which extend  between the pyramids of Malpighi,
 as far as the hilus.
    COLUM'NiE CAR'NE^, C. Cordia,  Lacer'ti
 seu  Lacer'tuli seu Funea seu  Faacic'uli ter'etea
  Cordia, Trobea seu Trabec'ula Cordia, (¥.)  Colon-
 ties  charnuea  du coeur.   Small, fleshy columns,
 which project, more or less, into the auricles and
 ventricles of  the heart, whose use appears to be
 to prevent too great dilatation  of those cavities.
 A few of these columna—see Muscttli papilla'rea
 - -are attached by one extremity to the walls of
  the  heart, and, by the other,  give  insertion to
  chordae tendineae.  See Carneous columns.
    Columns Carneae of the Rectum, see Rectum
  —c.  Papillares, see Columnae Carneae.
    COLUMNEA LONGIFOLIA, Bahel.
    COLUMNS OF BERTIN, Columme Bertini.
    COLUMNS, POSTERIOR MEDIAN, OF THE
  MEDULLA  OBLONGATA, Funiculi graciles—
  c. of Morgagni or of the Rectum, see Rectum—c
  of the Spinal Marrow, see Vertebral Nerves.
    COLUS JOVIS, Salvia sclarea.
    COLUSTRUM, Colostrum.
    COLU'TEA, C. Arborea'cena seu hirsu'ta, Sen-
'  na  German'ica,  Bladder Senna, (¥.) Baguenau-
  d'ter, Faux SSnS, SSnS  indigene.   Ord. Leguini-
  nosae.   Sex.  Syat. Diadelphia  Decandria.   The
  leaves are slightly purgative, and are often mixed
  with those of the cassia senna.
    COLUVRINE DE  VIRGINIE, Aristolochia
  serpentaria.
    COLYM'BADES, Pickled Olives.  These, when
  bruised and  applied to a burnt part, were  sup-
  posed to be able to prevent vesication. — Dios-
  corides.
    COLYMBIFERA MINOR, Mentha crispa,
  COMA, Semiaom'nia, Semiaopi'ttta, Semisopo*
rus, Subeth, (Arab).  A profound state of sleep,
from which it is extremely difficult to rouse tht
individual.   It is a symptom which occurs io
many diseases.  Two varieties are distinguished,
1. Coma  vigil  seu  agrypno'des,  Pervigilium,
 Vigil'ia nim'ia, Typho'nia, Veter'nus, Veterans'.
itas, Agrypnoco'ma, Cants lethar'gus vigil, Ty.
phoma'nia, which is accompanied with delirium.
The patient has his eyes closed, but opens them
when called; and closes them  again immediately.
This state is accompanied with considerable rest-
lessness.  2.  Coma Somnolen'tum, C. Comato'dei;
—in which  the patient speaks when roused, but
remains silent and immovable in the intervals.
 Coma is  a deeper sleep  than sopor, but less so
 than lethargy and earns.
   Coma, Capillus — c. Agrypnodes, see  Coma—
 c Apoplexia, Apoplexy — c  Caesarea, Plica —c.
 Comatodes, see Coma—o. Somnolentum, Soiono*
 lency, see Coma—c. Vigil, 6ee Coma.
   COMACON, Myristica moscbata.
   COMAN'DRA UMBELLA'TA, Bastard Tond.
 flax: indigenous; Order, Santalaceae : flowering
 in  May and June; has  been used  in fevers by
 some of the Indian tribes.
   COMAROS, Arbutus unedo.
   COMA'RUM PALUS'TRE, Potentilla palm'.
 tris,  Marsh  Cinqtiefoil.    An indigenous  plant,
 Family, Rosaceae, which  flowers in June.  It is
 possessed of astringent virtues.
   CO'MATA, from xu>pa.   Diseases characterized
 by diminution of the powers of voluntary motion,
 with sleep or impaired  state of the senses.—
 Cullen.
   COMATEUX, Comatose.
   COMATODES, Comatose.
   COM'ATOSE, Comato'des, Carot'icua, Cam'ties,
 (¥.)  Comateux.  Relating to or resembling cornu
 —as comatoee aleep, comatoae fever, Ac.
   COMBUSTIBILITY,   PRETERNATURAL,
 Combustion, human.
   COMBUSTIO, Burn — c.  Spontanea, Combus-
 tion, human.
   COMBUS'TION, HUMAN, Spontaneous Com-
 bus'tion or Preternat'ural Combustibility,  Coin-
 cau'sis,  Tachencau'sis, Incen'dium  aponta'nenm,
  Combua'tio  aponta'nea,  Autempresin'us, Idiapo-
 cau'aia, Idiempre'aia,  Catacau'aia  ebrio'aa, (F.)
  Combustion humaine, C. humaine apontanSe; from
 comburere, combuatum, (com,  and urere, ustum)'\o
 burn.'  These terms have been applied  to the
  extraordinary phenomenon of a rapid destruction
  of the  human body, by being  reduced to ashes
  either  spontaneously or by the contact of  an
  ignited substance.  It is said  to have occurred
  in the aged, and in those that were fat and hard
  drinkers.  In such, Dr.  Traill  has  found a con-
  siderable quantity of oil in the serum of the blood.
  Vicq d'Azyr, Lair, and Dupuytren think it neces-
  sary, that the body should  be  placed in  contact
  with an ignited  substance.   Le Cat, Kopp, and
  Marc are of opinion that this  is not necessary.
  The former appears to be the more probable »iew.
    COMBUSTURA, Burn.
    COMEDONES, see Acne.
    COMES ARCHIATRORUM, see Exarcblater,
    COMESTIBLE (¥.), Edu'lia, from comedtn,
  'to eat.'  Eatable, (¥.) Edule.   Esculent.  When
  this word is used substantively, in French as in
  English, it means solid food.
    COMEZ.   Half a drop.—Ruland.
    COMFREY, Symphytum—c. Spotted,  Pulmo-
  naria—c Wild,  Cvnoglossum Vireinicum.
    COMISTE, Aliment.
    COMMANDUCATIO. Mastication.
    COMMEM'ORATIYE, Commemorati'wt, (W
  CommSmoratif,  from  commemorare,  (com »d 
COMMENSUM            227             COMPLEXUS
 memor,) ' to  cause  to  remember.'  That which
 recalls, or rather which is recalled.
   Commemorative  Signs, (F.) Signea commSmo-
 ratifa, are those deduced  from circumstances
 which have gone before; or rather, according to
 others, those  which point out the preceding con-
 dition of  the patient.   They are also called An-
 utnnta'tie eigne.
   COMMENSUM,  Symmetry.
   COMMERCIUM, Sympathy.
   COM MI. Gummi.
   COM'MINUTED, Comminu'tua, from commi-
 nuere, (com  and minuo,) 'to break to pieces.'
 (F.) Comminutif.  A comminuted'fracture is one
 in which  the bone  is broken into a number of
 pieces.
   COMMINUTION, Comminu'tio, Thrypeia,
 Leio'ais.   Same etymon.  Fracture of a  bone
 into a number of pieces.
   COMMISSURA, Articulation.
   Commissura Anterior  Cerebri, Commissure,
 anterior, of the Brain.
   Commissu'ra Brevis.  A lobule or prominence
 of the inferior vermiform process of the cerebel-
 lum, situate in the  incisura posterior, below the
 horizontal fissure.
   Commissura Labiorum, Prostomia—c Magna
 cerebri, Corpus callosum — c. Maxima  cerebri,
 Corpus callosum — c Nervea, Syndesmosis — c.
 Ossium carnea, Syssarcosis.  .
   Commissura Posterior Cerebri, Commissure,
 posterior,  of the Brain.
   Commissura Simplex.  A small lobule or pro-
 minence of the superior vermiform process, near
 the incisura posterior of the cerebellum.
   COMMISSU'RAL; same etymon as commis-
 sure.  Of or belonging to a commissure.
   COM'MISSURE, Co mmiaau' ritjCompa'gea^om-
 payina'tio,  Syni'phyeie, Sym'bole;  from  com-
 mitto, (comand mittere, missum,) 'to join together.'
 A point of union between two parts: thus, the
 commissures of the  eyelids, lips,  Ac, are the an-
 gles, which they form at the place of union.  See
 Fibres, converging.
   Com'missure, Ante'rior, of the Brain, Com-
 missu'ra ante'rior cer'ebri, (¥.) Commissure antS-
 riettre du cerveau.  A small medullary fasciculus,
 situate transversely at the anterior part of the
 third ventricle, and uniting the two hemispheres.
   Commissure, Great, of the  Brain, Commia-
 su'ra Magna Cer'ebri, (¥.) Grande commissure du
 cerveau, which unites  the two  hemispheres for
 some extent, is the Corpus callo'aum.
   Commissure, Middle, of the Brain.   A layer
 of gray substance uniting the thalami optici.
   Commissure, Oblique or Intkrcerebral, see
 Valvula Vieussenii—c. Optic, see Chiasmus.
   Commissure, Posterior of the Brain. Com-
 miasu'ra poate'rior cer'ebri.  A medullary band,
 situate at the posterior part of the third or middle
 ventricle.
   Commissure of the Uvea, Ciliary ligament.
   COMMISSURE  DE LA CHOROIDE, Cili-
 ary ligament.
   COMMO'SIS,  from Koppou, 'I adorn.'   The
 art of concealing natural deformities, as by paint-
 ing the face.  See, also,  Propolis.
   COMMO'TICE, in the older writers, meant the
 art of communicating factitious beauty to a per-
 son.   Painting the face ; Comopor'ia.
  COMMOTIO, Motion, Concussion-^c. Cerebri,
 Concussion of the brain.
   COMMOTION, Concussion —c. du Cerveau,
 Concussion of the brain.
  COMMUNICABLE, see Contagious.
  COMMU'NICANS, from communis, (com  and |
muntis, 'an office,) 'common.'  Conjun'gene. That,1
which communicates or establishes a communica- j.
 tion.   Communicant.  There are two  Arteria
j Communican'tea, both within the  cranium ; — the
' one anterior, very  short, and extending trans-
 versely from one  anterior oerebral artery  to the
 other,—the other posterior, called also Commnni-
 cana Willia'ii,  which passes from  the  internal
 carotid to the posterior cerebral  artery.   It  is a
 branch of the basilary.
   Communicans Noni.  A long  slender nervous
 branch, formed  by filaments from the first, second
 and third cervical nerves, which descends upon
 the outer side  of the internal jugular vein, and
 forms a loop with the descendens noni over th6
 sheath of the carotids.
   Communicans Peronei, see Communicans pop-
 litei.
   Communicans Poplite'i,  C. tibia'lia (nemts.)
 A large nerve,  which arises from the popliteal,
 and, at a variable distance below the articulation
 of the knee, receives the communicans peronei
 from the peroneal nerve,—the two forming the
 external saphenous nerve.
   Communicans Tibialis, Communicans poplitei.
   COMPACT, Compac'tiis, from com and pangere,
 pactum,  'to strike, to fix.'  Solid, close.   (F.)
 Compacte.  The term Compact Tissue is  given to
 the hardest and closest parts of bone.
   COMPAGES, Articulation,  Commissure — c.
 Ossium  per Lineam Simplicem, Harmony — c.
 Vertebrarum, Vertebral column.
   COMPAGINATIO, Commissure.
   COM PAS D'fiPAISSEUR, see Pelvimeter.
   COMPASS PLANT, Silphium laciniatum.
   COMPASSIO, Sympathy.
   COMPEBA, Piper cubeba.
   COMPENSATION, Balancement.
   COMPEPER, Piper cubeba.
   COMPER'NIS;  from com and perna,  'a gam-
 mon of bacon with the leg on.'  One who has hi*
 knees turned inwards.  A case of distortion of
 the legs.
   COMPETENTIA MEMBRORUM OMNIUM,
 Symmetry.
   COMPLAINT, Disease.
   Complaint. Family, see Hereditary.
   COMPLEMENTAL AIR, see Respiration.
   COMPLEMENTARY AIR, see Respiration.
   COMPLETIO, Plethora.
   COMPLEX, Complex'us, from  com 'with,' and
 plectere, plexua, ' to twist.'  Embracing several
 distinct things.  Chaussier uses this term, in his
 anatomical descriptions, for complicated.
   COMPLEXIO,  Coition, Complexio,  Confusio,
 Temperament.
   COMPLEXION,  Complex'io.  Often  em-
 ployed, in English, for the  colour of the face,
 as " He has a good complexion,"—a "sallow com-
 plexion," Ac.  It formerly had a more extensive
 signification, and still has  in France.  It signifies
 the  aggregate of  physical characters presented
 by any individual, considered with respect to his
 external  arrangement or  condition.  It  means
 more than constitution, for which it is used  syno-
 nymously in many cases; and differs from tem-
 perament, which is less  the external  condition
 of the body than the state or disposition of  the
 organs in health.—H. Cloquet.
   COMPLEXUS, Complex.
   Complexus Minor, Mastoideus latera'lis, Tra-
 che'lo-mastoideus,(¥.) Trachelo-mastoidien,Muscle
 petit Complexus.  It arises from the transverse
 processes  of the last four cervical vertebrae, and
 is inserted into the mastoid process.
   Complexus Mus'culus,  Biven'ter  Cervi'cis,
 Complexus Major, Dorso-trachSlon-occipital, Tra-
 chSlo-occipital (Ch.), (F.) Muscle grand complexua.
 A muscle, situate at the hind part of the  neck,
 where it extends from the interval that separates
 the two prominent ridges on the posterior surface 
COMPLICATION
228
C.OMPTONIA
rf the os occipitis to the transverse and articular
processes  of the last six cervical vertebra;, as
v oil as to those of the first five dorsal,  It serves
t > straighten, incline, and turn the head.
   COMPLICATION,  Complica'tio,  from   com
' with,'  and plicate,  ' to  fold.'  In  medicine,  it
means the  presence  of several  diseases, morbi
camplica'ti seu perplex'i, or of several  adventi-
tious circumstances foreign to the primary disease.
   COMPOSITION, Compoail'io, from compo-
nere, (com and ponere,  poaitum, ' to place :') ' to
place together.'  .ajn'theaia.   The act  of  com-
posing  or compounding, — of medicines for ex-
ample; Iamatoeyntax'ia.  Also, the Compound,
Compos'itum, or thing compounded.  Likewise, a
combination.
   COMPOSITUM, Compound.
   COMPOUND.  Same etymology; to mix me-
dicines.   To  mingle  different ingredients  into
one whole. Used adjectively, compound signifies
the result  of  the  union of  several  medicinal
agents, as " a compound medicine."
   COMPREHENSIO, Catalepsy.
   COMPRENSIO, Catalepsy.
   COM'PRESS, Compres'sa, Splenium,  Spleniola,
Splenis'cus,  Pla'gula,  Penicil'lum,  Penic'iilmu,
from comprimere, (com and premere, pressum, ' to
press,')   'to  press  together.'  (F.)  Compresae.
Folded pieces of lint or rag, so contrived as. by
the aid of a bandage, to make due pressure upon
nny  part.  According  to their shape,  direction,
and  use, compresses have been called long ( (¥.)
 longitettea,)  square  (carries,)  triangular, pris-
matic, graduated (graduSes,) split (fendues,) feiii-
 tSes, criblSes, croix de Multe, oblique, circular,
 dividing  (divisive!,) uniting  (unisantes,) cribri-
 form, Ac
   The  Umschlag or compress of the bydropa-
 Ciists  is  a  cloth, well wetted with cold water,
 applied to the surface  near the supposed seat of
 disease,  securely covered with a dry  cloth,  and
 changed  as often as it  becomes dry.   It is some-
 times covered with a layer of oiled silk, to pre-
 vent evaporation.
    COMPRESSEUR DE DUPUYTREN, Com-
 pressor of Dupuytren — c.  du Nez, Compressor
 nasi—c.  de la Prostate, Compressor prostatas.
    COMPR ESS IF, Compressive.
    COMPRESSIO, Compression, Thlipsis.
    COMPRESSION,  Compressio,  Enerelsis.
 Same  etymology.   Pressure;  methodical  com-
 pression.  An agent frequently had recourse to
 in  surgery.  We  compress a  limb, affected with
 o dema, varices, hydrops articuli, callous ulcer, Ac.
 The abdomen is  compressed after delivery, after
 paracenteei8  abdominis, Ac   The compression is
 produced by means  of the roller, laced stocking,
 Ac, according to the part, and to the  particular
 case.  Moderate pressure aids the  contractility
 of parts, and excites the action of the absorbents;
 so  that large tumours at times disappear after it
 has been used for some time.  A greater degree
 of pressure occasions, still more, the emaciation
 of the part, but it is apt to impede the circula-
' t;on.  Pressure is  often used to stop or moderate
 the flow  of blood in cases of aneurism or wounds
 < f arteries and  veins.  In such  cases, the  com-
 pression may be  immediate, when applied  upon
 the  artery itself,.or it  may be mediate, when ap-
 plied  through the integuments  and soft  parts.
 ,;'he French use the term Compression  immSdiate
  I itSrale  for that which is exerted perpendicularly
 t'i the axis of a vessel, so as to flatten its sides:
  It is practised with the finger, forceps, tour:.i^ <.....;.
 compresses, Ac.
    Compres'sion of the Brain.  This  may arise
  either from coagula  of blood, a  soft  tumour, a
 bcny  excrescence, a  depressed  portion of  the
  skull, or the presence of some foreign body.   The
effects vary, according as the compression takes
place suddenly or  gradually.   When suddenly,
the symptoms are of the comatose or npopleetio
character.  When gradually, mania, convulsions,
Ac, are more likely to  occur.   Compression,
arising from a depressed portion of skull, requires
the use of the trephine.
  COMPRESSIVE,   Compressive, (F.)  Cum-
preavif.  That which  compresses.  A compreuivt
bandage is  one that compresses the parts  to which
it is applied.
  COMPRESSOR or COMPRESSO'RIUM  OF
DUPUYTREN, (F.)  C'omprea»ettr de Dupuytien.
An  instrument for compressing the femoral ar-
tery, invented by Dupuytren.   It is constructed
on  the same principles as the tourniquet  of J. L.
Petit, from which it only differs  in this respect;—
that, instead of being maintained in its place by a
strap, which always compresses more or less the
circumference of the limb, the two pads are placed
at the extremities of a semicircle of steel, which, by
passing from  one to  the other without touching
the parts, limits the pressure to two  opposite
points  of  the thigh,  and permits the collateral
circulation to go on.
   Compressor Naris, Rina'us, Nasa'lis, Trans-
 versa'lis Xasi, Myrtiforw'ia, Dilatato'rea ala'rum
nasi, Conatric'tor Nasi  seu  Na'rium seu Sarin,
 Triangula'ria  Nasi,  (F.) Maxi'.lo-nariiud,  iSm-
maxillo-nasal, — (Ch.,)    Compreaseur  du   uez,
 Transversal du nez.  A muscle, situate at the sides
of the nose;  flat and triangular.  It arises from
 the inner part of the  fossa canina, and  pusses to
 the dorsum of the  nose; where it is confounded
 with that of the  opposite side.
    Compressor or Constrictor  of Nuck.  An
 instrument for compressing the urethra, to ob-
 viate incontinence of urine.   It consists  of a
 girdle of  iron, which surrounds the pelvis, to
 which is fixed a plate  of the  same metal,  that
 compresses the urethra in perinao.
    Compressor  Pros'tat^e, Proatat'icue tupe'-
 rior,  Pubio-prostat'icus,  Sub-pubio-prostut'icus,
 (¥.) Compresseur de la  prostate.  A muscle, ad-
 mitted by Albinus, which is formed of  the ante-
 rior fibres of the Levator ani, that embrace the
 prostate.  It is the Prostut'icus  superior of
 Winslow.
    Compressor Ure'thr^e.  A muscle consisting
 of two portions—one of which is trimscerse in its
 direction, and, in consequence  of its having been
 particularly  described by Mr.  Guthrie,  has  been
 called Guthrie's muscle.  It arises from the ramus
 of the  ischium,  and passes inwards to embrace
 the membranous urethra.   The other portion is
 perpendicular,  descending  from the pubis  and
 passing down to be inserted into the transverse
 portion of the muscle;—Pit'bio-urethra'lis.   This
 portion has been considered by many to be  only
 the anterior fibres  of  the levator ani; and having
 been described by Mr. Wilson, it has been called
 Wilson's muscle.
    Compressor Ven^e Dorsa'lis  Penis.  A small
 muscle, distinctly seen in animals, less  distinctly
 in man, which arises from the ramus of the pubis,
 and ascending in a direction forwards is inserted
 above the vena  dorsalis, joining with its fellow
 of the opposite side  on  the  mesial line.  Its use
 is  supposed to compress the vein in erection. It
 is  sometimes  called the muscle of Houston,  after
 Dr. Houston  of Dublin.
    COMPRESSORIUM, Compressor.
    COMPTO'NIA ASPLENIFO'LIA, Liquidam'-
 bar peregri'na seu asplenifo'lia,  Myo'iea aspic**
 fo'lia, Sweet  Fern,  Shrubby  Sweet Fern, Saetl
 bush, Fern  bush,  Fern gale,  Spleenwort   bush
 Meadow fern, Aatringent root.  An indigenc-M
 shrubby  plant, which grows  in  sandy or  stony
 woods  from New England  to  Virginia. It pos- 
COMPUNCTIO              229             CONCUSSION
Besses tonic and astringent properties, and is used !|
as a domestic  remedy in diarrhoea, Ac, in  the |
form of deeoction.
  COMPUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncturing.    |
  CON.ESTHESIS,  Ccenaesthesis.
  CONARIUM. Pineal gland.
  CON'ATUS, Effort.
  CONCARNATIO,  Syssarcosis.
  COXf'ASSER,  (¥.),  from conquassare, (com I
and  quassare,  'to shake much,') 'to break  to!]
pieces;' ' to comminute.'   To reduce roots, woods,
Ac. into small fragments, in  order that their ac-
tive  principles may be  more readily separated
from them.
  CONCAU'SA,  Concaua'sa,  (com and  cauaa,)
Syna'tion.  A  cause which  co-operates with  an-
other, in the production of disease.
  CONCAVITAS  CONCHULARIS  CEREBRI,
Infundibulum of the brain.
  CONCAVUM PEDIS, Sole.
  CONCENTRANTIA.  from co»i and centrum,
'a centre/  A name  once given to absorbents of
acids.
  CONCENTRATION.   Concentra'tio.  A word
sometimes used, in  medical theories, to  express
an afflux of fluids, or a convergence of sensibility
or of vital force, towards  an  organ.  It is  applied,
also, to the pulsation of arteries, when not  easily
felt under the finser.
  POOLS CONCENTRE, (¥.)   A term  ap-
plied by  the French  to a  pulse of the  above

  CONCEPTACULA  SEMINARIA, Vesicuhe
seminariae.
  CONCEPTACULUM, Uterus, Vessel.
  CONCEPTIO, Conception — c.  Vitiosa,  Preg-
nancy, extra-uterine.
  CONCEPTION,  Concep'tio, Concep'tus, Cye'-
aia, Syllep'aia, Androlep'aia,  from  concipio, (com
and capio,) ' I conceive.'  The impregnation of
the  ovum by  the positive  contact  of the male
sperm, whence results a new being.  The  whole
subject  of conception  is  most mysterious.  It
seems to occur as follows.   During  the sexual
union, the  male sperm passes along the  uterus
and Fallopian  tubes:  the fimbriated extremities
of the latter seize hold of the ovarium;  and the
sperm in this  manner comes in  contact with a
maturated ovum,  and impregnates it.   The  fe-
cundated ovum remains some time in the ovarium,
but at length bursts its  covering,  is laid hold of
by  the  fimbriated  extremity of  the Fallopian
tubes, and passes along the tube into the  cavity
of the uterus, where it remains for the full period
of utero-gestation.  Some  are of opinion, that
the ovum is not impregnated until it has entered
the Fallopian tube, or uterus.
  Concep'tion, False, Falaua Concep'tua,  Spu'-
rium germ en, (¥.) Fnuaae Conception, Faux germ e.
An irregular, preternatural conception, the  result
of which is a  mole  or some similar  production,
instead of a properly organized foetus.  See  Mole.
  CONCEP'TUS.   The  first rudiments of  the
foetus, after conception.  Also, conception.
  Cuxceptus Falsus, Conception, false.
  CONCHA, Conchua, Koyxn, 'a concave  shell.'
A liquid measure, amongst  the Athenians,  equal
to half an ounce.  Anatomists apply this term to
several hollow  parts of the body ;—as the Concha
of the Ear, — Concha  Auris, Concha Auric'ula ;
{¥.)  Conque—th.e hollow part of the  cartilage of
the external ear.  It has, also,  been applied to
the genital  organs  of the  female;  to  the  pa-
tella, Ae.
  Concha,  Patella,  Turbinated bone (middle,) i
Vulva — o. Auris  interna, Cochlea — c  Cerebri, I
Infundibulum of the brain—e. Genu,  Patella—c. :
Inferior, Turbinated bone,  (inferior) — c Laby-
rinth!.  Cochlea — c. Morgagniaua, Turbinated |j
bone, (superior)—c. Narium superior, Turbinate!
bone, (superior.)-
  CONCHA  NARIUM, Turbinated bones —c
Veneris, Turbinated bones.
  CONCHA'RCM  ANTIFEBRI'LE.  A febri-
fuge and sudorific preparation in Bates's Pharma-
copoeia,  It was composed  of  vinegar, mussel-
shells, and water of Curdutis benedictus.
  CONCHO-HELIX.  A  small, fleshy fascicu-
lus, attached  to the concha of the ear and helix.
It is also called the email muscle of the  heli.e.
  CONCHUS,  Concha.   The cranium.   In  the
plural, it means the orbitar cavities.—Castelli.
  Conchus Oculi, Orbit.
  CONCHYLIA. Turbinated bones.
  CONCIDENTIA. Collapse.
  CONCILIA CORPORALIA,  Coition.
  CONCIL'IUM.  A milky plant, referred to by
Pliny as aphrodisiac and antiphthisical.  Adanscn
considers it to be a Campanula.
  CONCOCTED, Concoc'tus, Matura'tus, Pepel-
rus; from con and coquere, 'to boil.'  Brought  to
maturity; ripe; concocted;  digested.
  CONCOCTIO, Coetion—c Tarda, Dyspepsia.
  CONCOCTION,  Coetion.
   CONCOMBRE  ORDINAIRE, Cucumis sati-
vus—c Sauvage, Momordica elaterium.
  CONCOMITANS, Concomitant.
  CONCOM'ITANT, Conconlitans, from con ani
comitare, (itself from comire — cum and in,) 'to
go with.'  That which accompanies. A symptom
which accompanies others.
  CONCREMATIO, Calcination.
  CONCREMENTA  ZOOHYLICA,  see  Zoo-
hylica.
   CONCREMENTUM, Concretion.
  CONCRETIO,  Adherence, Concretion —c.
Palpebrarum cum  bulbo oculi. Symblepharosis.
  CONCRETION,  Coucre'tio,  Concremeiltum,
from concrescere,  concretum,  (con and  creseire.)
'to  condense,  thicken,  become  solid:' Pexis,
Sympex'ia, irn^is, ovpnn^is.  The act of  becoming
thick or solid.  It  was once used synonymously
with adhesion or growing together—as, "concre-
tion of the toea."   Most commonly, it is  applied
to extraneous and inorganic bodies, of  a solid
character,  met with  in different  textures, after
certain chronic inflammations; or which make
their appearance in the joints or in the reservoirs
for  excrementitial  fluids.  Concretion  is, there-
fore, frequently synonymous with Calculua, and
is then rendered, in Latin, by tbe word  Concre-
meiltum.   But Concretion  has a more  extensive
signification than Calculua; thus, accidental ossi-
fications or deposits  of phosphate of lime in cer-
tain organs, and especially in the liver and lungs,
are  properly called osaeous  concretions.   They
could not well be called osseous  calculi.
   Concretion, Fibrinous,   Sanguineous,  Po-
lypiform, or Polypous, of the  Heart, see Poly-
pus—c. Intestinalis, Calculus of the Stomach and
Intestines.
  CONCRETIONES  ALVINE, Calculi' of the
stomach and intestines.
  CONCUBITUS,  Coition—c. Venereum, Coition.
  CONCUR'SUS,  from concurrere, (con, and cur-
rere, cursitm, 'to run,') 'to meet together,' Syn-
drome.  The congeries or collection of symptoms,
which  constitute and distinguish a particular dis-
ease.                       .
  CONCUS'SION,  Commo'tion,  from  conditio,
aoncueeiim, (con and quatere, 'to  shake,') T shake
together.'   Concus'sio, Thlaama Concue'sio, Gom-
mo'tit, Anasis'mus,  Tinagmua,  (¥.)  Co,amotion.
In Surgery, it is used for the agitation often com-
municated to one  organ by  a fall upon another;
as to the brain from a fall on the breech, Ac
  In all severe injuries,  in  sudden encephalio
hemorrhage, and  in overwhelming emotions,  a 
CONDENSANTIA            230               CONFECTIO
eoncuaiion or shock is felt to a greater or less ex-
tent in  the  nervous  system,  which requires the
careful attention of the physician.
  Concussion of the Brain, Commo'tio Cer'ebri,
Apoplex'ia  nervo'sa  traumalica, Encephalosis'-
nuts, (¥.) Commotion du Cerveau, sometimes gives
rise to alarming symptoms, even to abolition of
the functions  of the brain, yet without any sen-
sible  organic  disease.  Slight concussion  of the
brain, called stunning, consists in vertigo, tinnitus
aurium, loss  of memory,  and stupefaction;  all
these being  temporary.  When more severe, there
is instant loss of sensation and volition, vomiting,
the patient  being as  if in a sound sleep, but there
i^ no stertorous breathing.  Pulse variable, gene-
rally more rapid and feeble than in compression;
extremities  cold.  Little can be done  here,  till
reaction has occurred: after this, the case  must
be  treated  according to general principles,—by
bleeding, blisters, cold applied to the head, Ac.
After severe concussion, a patient, although ap-
parently well, is not safe till  some  time after the
accident.
  CONDENSAN'TIA, from con and  densus,
'dense;'  Incrassan'tia.   Medicines   esteemed
proper for inspissating the humours.
  CONDENSATIO, Condensation, Stegnosis.
  CONDENSATION,  Condensa'tio, Inspissa'tio.
Increase in  density of the blood and other liquids,
or of the solids, which enter into the composition
of the human body.
  CONDENSER, see Alembic.
  Conden'ser, Liebig's.  A distillatory arrange-
ment, invented by Liebig,  in which the tube con-
veying the  vapour is  made to pas? through  an-
other tube, the calibre of which  is  such  as to
leave a space between the two, through which a
stream  of water may be made to run.
  CON'DIMENT, Condimetlturn,  Ar'tyma, He-
dys'ma, Conditu'ra,  from condire, 'to  season.'
(F.) Aaeaiaaonnement.  Some substances are called,
at times, alimenta, and at  others, condimenta, ac-
cording as they constitute  the basis or the acces-
sory to any dish: such are cream, butter, mush-
rooms,  olives, Ac. Others  are always condimenta,
as  they are only used to improve the savour of
food, and contain but little nutritive matter. Such
are pepper, salt, cinnamon, Ac.  Almost  all con-
 diments are possessed of stimulant properties.
   CONDIT,  Confectio.
   CONDITUM,  same etymon.   A pharmaceu-
tical compound  of  wine,  honey, and some aro-
matics, especially pepper.  Also, a confection.
   CONDITURA CADAVERUM, Embalming.
   CONDOM, Armour,  (¥.) Baudruche,  Redin-
gote  Anglaise,  Gant des Dames,  Calotte  d'assu-
rance, Peau divine.   The intestinum caecum of a
 sheep,  soaked for some hours in  water, turned
 inside out,  macerated again in weak, alkaline ley,
 changed every  twelve hours, and scraped care-
 fully to abstract the mucous membrane,  leaving
 the peritoneal and muscular coats exposed to the
 vapour  of  burning  brimstone,  and  afterwards
 washed with  soap and water.  It  is  then blown
 up, dried,  cut  to the length of seven or eight
 inches,  and  bordered  at  the open end  with a
 rfband.  It is drawn over the penis prior to coi-
 tion, to prevent venereal infection and pregnancy.
 It  received its  name from its proposer, Dr. Con-
 dom.
   CONDUCTIO, Tonic spasm, Convulsion.
   CONDUCTION,  VIBRATIONS OF,  see
 Sound.
   CONDUCTOR, Direc'tor, Itinera'rium,  (¥.)
 Conducteur;  from con, 'with,' and ducere,  duc-
 tttm, 'to lead.'  That which conducts.   The Con-
 ductor  was  an instrument, formerly used in  the
 high operation  for  the  stone, for directing  the
 forceps into the bladder.
  CONDUIT, Canal —c. Auditif externe, Audi.
tory canal, external—c. Auditif interne, Audit .ry
caiial, internal — c. Auriculaire, Auditory canai,
external—c. CholSdoque,  Choledoch duct—c. Di.
fSrent, Deferens—c.  d'Euatache, Eustachian tube
—c. Gutturale de 1'oreille, Eustachian tube—c. La-
byrinthiqtte, Auditory  canal, internal—c. Ptfnj-
go'idien, Pterygoid canal—c. de la Pudeur, Vagina
—c. Sousorbitaire, Suborbitar canal—c. Spertua-
tique, Deferens  (vas)—c. Thoracique, Thoracic
duct—c.  Vidien, Pterygoid oanal.
  CONDUITS  AD1PEUX, Fatty  canals —c.
Aqueux,  see Aqueous — c. Aveugles de I'urlthre,
see Caecus—c. Dentairea,  Dental canals—c. Eiw
culateura, Ejaculatory  ducts—c. Lacrymanx. La-
chrymal  ducts—c. Lactiflres, Lactiferous ve>.-els
—c. Nourriciers, Canals, nutritive—c. Nutriciert,
Canals, nutritive.
  CONDYLARTHRO'SIS, from KovivXos, 'a con-
dyle,' and apOpov, 'a joint.'  Articulation by con-
dyles.  An elongated  head or  condyle, received
into an elliptical cavity.
  CON'DYLE,  Con'dyU, Con'dylus, Capit'vhim,
from KovivXos, 'a knot, eminence.'  An articular
eminence, round in one direction, flat in the other.
A kind of process, met with more particularly in
the ginglymoid  joints;—such a8 the condyles of
the occipital, inferior maxillary bone, Ac.  Some
anatomists  have applied the term, however, to
eminences that are not articular,—as  to the late-
ral tuberosities at the  inferior extremity of the os
humeri, and even  to certain depressions, — as to
the concave articular surfaces at the upper extre-
mity of  the tibia.   Chaussier calls the transverse
root of the zygomatic process Condyle of the tem-
 poral bone.
   CONDYLI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges
of  the fingers.
   COND YLIEN, see Condyloid Foramina.
   CONDYLIUS, Condyloid.
   CON'DYLOID,  Condyldi'deus, Oondylo'detj
 Condylius, from KovivXos, 'a condyle,' and ttios,
 'shape.'   Having the  shape of a condyle.
   Condyloid Foram'ina, Foram'ina Condyloidea,
 (¥.) Trous condyloidiens, Foaaea condyloidiSnnei,
 They are distinguished  into anterior  and potte-
rior.   They are four in number,  seated in the
 occipital bone;—two  anterior, and two posterior
 to  the  condylea or condyloid  proceaaea of the
 same bone, and to depressions, which are called
 Foaaa Condyloidea.
   As the word  Condyloidien means, 'that which
 has the  shape  of a condyle,'  it has  been judi-
 ciously proposed by some French anatomists that
 condylien should  be used  in preference, in the
 cases of the foramina  and fossae.
   CONDYLOIDIEN, see Condyloid Foramina.
   CONDYLO'MA,  Condylo'eia, Con'dylua,  Ver-
 ru'ca carno'aa,  from KovivXos, 'a knot,' 'an emi-
 nence.'  A soft, fleshy excrescence, of an indolent
 character, which appears near the orifice of the
 genital organs  and rectum, and occasionally on
 the fingers and toes.  It is a consequence of the
 syphilitic virus.  Such  tumours are  also called
 Dermophy'mata vene'rea.
   CONDYLOSIS, Condyloma.
   CONDYLUS, Condyloma.
   CONEFLOWER,   Rudbeckia  laciniata-c.
 Purple,  Echinacea purpurea.
    CONEINE, see Conium.
   CONESSI  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidysenteri-
 cum.
   CONFECTIO,  Confec'tion, from conficio, con-
 fectum,  (con and facere, 'to make,') T make uo.'
 Alig'iilus, (¥.) Conflt,  Confiture, Condit.  In gene-
 ral, it means anything made up or preserved with
 sugar.   In the Pharmacopoeias of  the United
 StatM I.nnHnn  nr,A T»..kl:_ :.. .-   i  ,   ., . „j! 
CONFECTIO              231              CONFECTIO
eles before called electuaries and conserves.  Con-
fee'tio or Gonfec'tnm also means Confectionery.
  Confectio Alkermes, Alkermes.
  ConfectioAmygdala'rum, G. Amyg'dala, Con-
lerva amygdala'rum, Almond Confection, Almond
Paste, Pasta  re'gia seu Amygdallna seu Emul-
si'va,  Buty'rum  Amygdala'rum  Dulcium,   (¥.)
Confection  d'Amandes.  (Sweet almonds, 3*viij ;
gmn acacia, ^j ; white sugar, %iv.  Blanch  the
almonds, and beat into a  paste.)  A good mode
of keeping almonds  in a state  fit for making
emulsions.
  Confectio Archig"eni,  C. Paulina.  (Castor,
long pepper,  black  pepper,  storax, galbanum,
coat tie, opium,  of each 3*ss;  aaffron, giy, ayrup
of wormwood,  SJij.)  It  was  much recommended
as a stimulant in nervous affections.
  Confectio  Aromat'ica, C. Cardiaca seu Ra-
leigha'na, Eieetua'rium Aromat'icum,  Aromatic
Confection, Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  Cordial.   The
following is the  formula, (Ph. U. S.): Pulv. aro-
mat. ^vss; croci, in  pulv. ^ss;  syrup,  aurant.
§vj;  Mel despumat. ^ij.   Rub  the  aromatic
powder with the  saffron; then add the syrup and
boney, and beat together until thoroughly mixed.
Dose, 9j to 3j.
  Confectio  Aurantio'rum, C. Auran'tii  Cor'-
ticis, (Ph. U.S.), Conser'va Cor'ticum Aurantio'-
rum seu  Cor'ticis Exterio'ria Aurantii Hispalen'-
sis seu Flaved'inis Corticum  Aurantiorum Htspa-
len'tium seu Aurantii  seu Citri Aurantii, Confec-
tion of  the  Orange,   Conserve  of Orange  Peel.
(Yellow part of the peel of the orange, lt>j ; rec-
tified sugar, Ibiij; beat into  a conserve.)  It is
stomachic,  and an agreeable  vehicle, oorrigent,
and adjuvant for other remedies.   Dose, ^ss.
  Confectio Cardiaca, Confectio  aromatica.
  Confectio Cas'sls, Conserva cassia, Eieetua'-
rium Cassia Fis'tula seu Cassia seu e Cassia seu
laxati'vum seu Cassia tamarinda'tum seu leniti'-
vitm seu e Caeaid, Diacas'aia  cum Mannd, Cassia
 Confection.  (Cassia   pulp,  Ibss; manna,  ^ij;
tamarind pulp,  Jj ;   ayrup  of  roaea,  f^viij.
'Bruise the manna, dissolve by  heat, mix  the
pulp, and evaporate.—(Ph. L.)  It is gently laxa-
tive.  Dose, 333.
  Confec'tio  Cat'echu Compos'ita,  Eieetua'-
rium Catechu,  Compound Confee'tion  of Catechu.
(Pulv. catechu comp.  ^v  (avoirdupois); Syrup.
f^v, mix.  (Ph. D.)  The  Edinburgh confection
is formed of catechu and kino, each ^iv; cinna-
vwn and nutmeg, each 5"j ; opium, diffused  in  a
little sherry,  J^iss; Syrup of Red Roaea, of the
consistence of honey, Oiss (Imp.  meaa.): mixed
and thoroughly  beaten together.   A grain of
opium is  contained in  about 200 grains of the
mass.  Dose, as  an astringent, 3SS t0 3J-
  Confectio Damocratis, Mithridate.
  Confectio Hamec—so called from an Arabian
physician — was  composed  of the bark of  the
yellow myrobalana, black myrobalana, violeta, pulp
of colocynth,  polypodium  of the  oak,  leavee of
wormwood, thyme, aniaeed, fennel, red roaea, pulpa
of prunea,  raisins, sugar, honey, senna, rhubarb,
Ac.  It  was used as a purgative in glysters.
  Confectio Hyacin'thi,  Hy'acinth Confection,
Eieetua'rium seu Confec'tio de Croco emenda'ta
olim dicta  de  hyacin'this,  (Ph. P.)  A tonic and
slightly  astringent confection, composed, accord-
ing to^BaumS,  of terra sigillata, crabs' atones,
rinnamon, leaves of the dittany of Crete, myrrh,
saffron, syrup of lemon, camphor, Narbonne honey.
oil of lemon, Ac: and formerly the hyacinth was
added, whence its name.
  Confectio O'pii, C. opia'ta, Eieetua'rium Opia'-
tum seu O'pii, Philo'nium Londinetlse seu Roma'-
num, Theriaca Edinen'sis, Eieetua'rium Theba'-
icum,  Opium  Confection, (Opium,  in  powder,
Jivss; Pulv. aromat. 3vj; Mel despumat, ?xiv:
j  mix thoroughly.  One grain  of opium in 36: —
|  Ph. U. S.)  It is narcotic and stimulant.  Dose,
  gr. x to ^j-
    Confectio Paulina, Confectio Archigeni — c.
  ex Capitibus papaveris, Diacodium.
    Confectio Pip'eris, C. Piperie nigri, Eieetua'-
  rium Pipefis, Ward's Paste for Fia'tida.  (Black
  pepper,  elecampane root, each  Ibj ; fennel seed,
  Ibiij;  honey and eugar,  each  ft>ij,  (Ph. U. S.J
  Dose, size of a  nutmeg, three or four  times a
  day.
    Confectio Raleighana, Confectio aromatica.
    Confectio Ros^e, G. Rosa  Gallica seu Rosa
  rubra,  Conser'va Rosa seu Roea Gallica seu
  Florum  Roaa'rum Rubra'rum seu Florum Rosa
  Rubra,  Rhodoaac'charum,  Sac'charum  Rosa'ee-
  um, Confection of the Red Roae.  (Red roses, in
  powder, 3"iv; Sugar, in powder, 3*xxx; Clarified
  honey, 3*vj;  Roae water,  f.^viij.  Rub the roses
  with the rose water at a boiling heat; then  add
  gradually the  sugar  and honey, and beat until
  thoroughly mixed.—Ph. U. S.)   It is astringent,
  and chiefly used as a vehicle for other remedies.
    Confectio  RosjE  Cani'n^e,  Coneer'va I'naa
  Cani'na  seu Roea Fruetiia  seu Cynos'bati seu
  Cynor'rhodi, Rob Cynoa'batoe, Confection or Con-
  aerve of Dog Rose.  (Pulp of dog rose, Ibj ; sugar,
  3"xx.  Incorporate.  Ph. L.)   It is chiefly used
  as a vehicle for other remedies.
    Confectio  Rut^e,  Confection  of  Rue.  (Rue
  leaves, dried, carraway seeds, bay berries, of each
  3*iss; sagapenum, £\v ; black pepper, £iy, honey,
 ! 3XVJ-  Mix.—Ph. L.)  It is given in clysters, as
  an antispasmodic arrd carminative.
    Confectio  de San'talis,  Confection of the
  Sanders, (¥.)  Confection de Sandaux.  (Sandal
  wood, red coral,  bole armeniac,  terra sigillata,
1  kermes berries, tormentil  root, dittany,  saffron,
  myrtle, red roses, calcined hartshorn, and clones.)
  It was formerly used as an astringent.
    Confectio Scammo'nii, Electua' rium Scam mo'-
  nii seu e Scammo'nio, CaryocosV'inum, Confection
  of  Scam'mony.   (Powdered  scammony, .^iss;
  bruised  cloves, powelered  ginger, aa  5JVJ  j 0,/ °f
  carraway, ^ss ; syrup of roses, q. s.—Ph. L.)   A
  stimulating cathartic.   Dose,  J5SS t° 3J-
    Confectio SenNjE, Eieetua'rium Cassia Senna,
 ' E. Senna cum Pulpia seu Senna compoa'ituin seu
  ape'riena seu catholicum commu'ne seu diapril-
  num seu eccoprot'icum seu Senna seu e Seiind seu
  lenitlvum,  Benedic'tum  Laxati'vum, Confection
  of Senna, Len'itive Elec'tttary, Ac (Senna leavea,
 1 Sviij ; figa, ftj ;  tamarind pulp, caaaia pulp, pulp
  of French prunes, each B)Ss; coriander seed, 3*iv;
  liquorice root,  ^iij;  sugar,  tbiiss;  water, Oiv.
  Rub the senna and coriander together: separate
  10 ounces of the powder with  a sieve; boil the
  residue  with  the figs  and liquorice root in the
  water to one-half; press out the liquor and strain.
  Evaporate the liquor by means of a water bath
  to a pint and a half; add the sugar, and form a
  syrup.   Rub the pulps with the syrup, gradually
  added;  throw  in the sifted powder, and  beat till
  thoroughly mixed.—Ph. U. S.)  It is a laxative,
  and is used in  habitual constipation,  and in con-
  stipation during pregnancy.   Dose, Jss to 3*ss.
    Confectio Sclph'uris, Confection of Sulphur
  (Sulphur, sublim. 3*>j j Potass. Bitart. jj ; Mel.
  despumat. 3*j;  Syrup. Zingib. Syrup  Croci, 3.S.
  f^ss. M.—Ph.  D.)   As a laxative  and altera-
  tive.  Dose, 3j to ^ij.
    Confectio Terebinth'in^e, Confee'tion of Tur'-
  pentine.  (Ol.  Tereb. f^j ; Pulv.  Glycyrrhiz. §j ;
  Mel. despumat.  3*ij.— Ph. D.)  An  agreeable
  mode of administering turpentine. Dose, a scru-
  ple to a  drachm.
    Confectio  de  Thure, Frank'incense  Confec-
  tion, (¥.) Confection d'Encens.  A compound of
  coriander seeds, nutmeg,  thus, liquorice, mastich 
CONFECTION
23:
CONGLOBATE
tubeba, prepared hartshorn, conserve of red  roses,
tnyar,  Ac
  CONFECTION, Confectio—c. d'Amandes, Con-
fection, almond—c of Catechu, compound, Con-
fectio catechu compositum—c. d'Encens, Confectio
de Thure—c. Frankincense, Confectio de Thure
c. of the Orange, Confectio aurantiorum—c  of
the Red rose, Confectio rosae Gallicue—'-c. of Rue,
Confectio rutae—c. de Sandaux, Confectio de san-
talis—c of the Sanders, Confectio de santalis—c
of Sulphur, Confectio  sulphuris •*- c.  of Turpen-
tine, Confectio terebinthinae.
  CONFECTUM, Confection.
  CONFERVA  HELMINTHOCORTOS, Coral-
lina Corsicana.
  Coxfer'va Riva'lis.   This species  of  River
 Weed  has  been  recommended in cases of spas-
modic  asthma, phthisis, Ac.
  CONFINEMENT, Parturient state.
  CONFIRMAXTIA,  Tunics.
  CONFIRMED, Consummatus.
  CONFIT, Confectio.
  CONFITURE, Confectio.
  CON'FLUENT, Con'fiuens, from con, and flu-
ere, 'to flow'  'Running together.'   An epithet
for certain exanthematous affections, in which the
pimples, pustules, Ac, run together.   It is par-
ticularly applied to small-pox, so circumstanced.
Some  authors have called scarlatina or scarlet
fever Confluent Measles, Morbil'li Confluences.
  CONFLUENT DES  SINUS, Torcular Hero-
phili.
  CONFLUENTIA, Confcedera'tio; same ety-
mon as Confluent.   A term,-employed  by Para-
celsus  to express the concordance between a dis-
ease and its remedies.
  CONFLUXIO, Sympathy.
  (JONFGEDERATIO, Confluentia.  v
  CONF0RMATI0, Conformation, Structure.
  CONFORMATION, Conforma'tio,  Diap'lasis,
Diaplae'mue, Structure,  from conformare, (con,
and for mare, forftuitum,  'to form,') 'to  arrange,'
'dispose'  The  natural  disposition or  arrange-
ment of the body.
  Faulty conformation, (¥.) Vice de conformation,
is vice of original formation ;  existing, of course,
from birth.   In  French surgery,  Conformation is
used synonymously with Coaptation, and both it,
Diaplasis and Anaplasia mean, also, restoration
to the original form—as  in fractures,  Ac.
  CONFORTANTIA, Tonics.
  CONFORTATIVA,  Tonics.
  CONFORTER (¥.), Confirma're, Conforta're,
 Corrobora're, (con,  and fortis,  'strong.')   To
make  stronger — to give energy.   Conforter I'es-
tomac, ' to strengthen the stomach.'
  CONFRICATION,  Confrica'tio, from  confri-
care, (con,  and fr ica re, fricatnm,) 'to rub.'  The
action of reducing a friable substance to powder,
by  rubbing it between  the fingers;  and of  ex-
pressing the juice of a plant with  the  hand.
  CONFRICATRIX, from eon, 'with,' and fri-
care, fricatnm, 'to rub.'  A female who practises
masturbation.
  CONFU'S^ FEBRES.  Intermittents,  whose
paroxysms are irregular  and confused.—Bellini.
  CONFU'SIO,  from confundo, (con and fundere,
fusum, 'to pour,') T  mix together;' Syn'chisis.
A disease of the eye, which consists in  the mix-
ture of the humours.—Galen.  In modern  times,
Synchysis  has  been applied to a  morbid state of
the vitreous body, in which  it is  reduced to a
diffluent condition.  Occasionally, sparkling  bo-
dies are perceptible,  which seem to be seated be-
hind  the crystalline,  in the vitreous  humour:
hence, the  disease has been called sparkling syn-
chysie or apinthero'pia,  from omvdnp, 'a  spark,'
and uj^, 'the eye;'  (F.) SpinthSropie,  Scintille-
ment de I'ceil.  Confueio has, also, been used sy-
nonymously with Complexio..
  CONFUSIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  tbe
mind.
  CONGEE  DISCHARGES,  Rice-water  dis-

  CONGELANTIA, Congelativa.
  CONGELATIO, Catalepsy.
  CONGELATION, Congela'tio,  Conglacia'tio,
Gela'tio, from congelo, (con, and gdare, gehitmn,)
'I congeal,' !l freeze.'  The action of congealing,
of passing to the solid state by the abstraction of
heat; as congelation of water,  mercury, Ac.  Th»
term had once other acceptations.   1. It was sy-
nonymous with concretion.  2.  With coagulation,
in which sense it  is still occasionally employed.
3. The ancients called  all diseases, produced by
cold, congelationa, as well as those in which there
was a kind of stupor or  torpor—particularly cata-
lepsy.   Also, Froatbite, (Prov.) Keenbite. ■
  Congelation of a  part, by the application of
powdered ice or of a freezing mixture, in a blad-
der or  gauze bag, has been employed to  induce
anaesthesia in the  lesser surgical operations.  It
has also been used in external inflammation.
  CONGELATI'VA  MEDICAMEN'TA,  Con.
glutinan'tin,  Congdan'tia.  Medicines, considered
capable of uniting or consolidating wounds, <fcc.
  CON'GENER,  Congeu'eroua, from  con,  and
genua,  generia,  'kind.'   (F.) CongSnlre.   Of the
same kind or species.   Resembling each other in
some   manner.   When applied to muscles, it
means, that they concur in the same action; in
opposition  to the word antagonist, or that which
acts in an opposite direction.
  In France CongSnlree is applied  to those who
join in the dissection of the same subject.
   CONGENIAL, Congenital.
  CONGENIALIS,  Congenital.
  CONGENITA N0TJ3, Nsevus.
  CONGEN'ITAL, Con'genite, Congenia'lie, Con-
gen'itue, Syngeii'iciie, from con, and genitus, 'be-
gotten.'  (F.) CongSnial ou CongSnital.  Diseases
which  infants have  at birth:  hence, Congenital
affections are those that depend on faulty confor-
mation ; as congenital hernia, congenital cataruct,
Ac.  See Connate.
  CONGESTED, Hvperaemic.
  CONGESTIO,  Congestion — c.  Abdominal^, .
Coeliaemia — c.  Pectoris,  Stethaemia— c Pulmo-
num, Stethaemia—c. Sanguinis, Congestion.
  CONGESTION, Conges'tio,  Rhope, from  con-
gerere, (con,  and genre, geatum, 'to carry,')  'to
amass,' 'accumulate,' Ac.   Symph'ora,  Hamate-
Pn9°'gS, Hamatoaymphore'ais, Hamatoaymtgu'ijf,
Hamorme'aia, Symphore'ma, Symphore'sia, S;/iiu-
throia'mua, Synathroe'sis,  San'guinis Conges'tio,
Engorgement. Accumulation  of blood—hypere-
mia—in an organ.   It is an important symptom
in febrile and other disorders.  It may arise either
from an extraordinary flow of blood by the arte-
ries, or from  a difficulty in the return of blood to
the heart by the veins.   More often, perhaps, it
is owing to the latter cause, and is termed venom
congestion, stasis or stagnation — being  not unu-
sually attended with symptoms of oppression and
collapse.  See Hyperaemia.
  Congestion of  the  Abdomen, Coeliaemia — c
of the  Brain, Stethaemia,—c. CSrSbrale,  Cephalo-
haemia—c. du Cerveau,  Cephalohaemia—c. of the
Lungs,  Stethaemia—c. de* Poumons, StethamuV,
—c. Sanguine ruchidienne, Hypermyelohaemia.  '
  CONGEST'IVE,  Congeetlcue, (F.)  Congeitif,
Belonging or relating to, or affected with; con-
gestion—as 'congestive fever.'
  Congestive Fever, see Fever, congestive.    Ui
  CONOLACIATIO, Congelation.
  CONGLO'BATE, Congloba'tus, from conglobare, 
CONGLOBE              233                 CONOID
 (eon, and globua, 'a ball,') 'to collect,' 'to gather
 into a ball.'  (F.) CoifglobS.
  Conglobate  Gland,  Glan'dula  congloba'ta,
 Hudraden, Globute gland, Lymphalic gan'glion,
 (F.) Glande  Conglobee,  Ganglion lymphatiqtte.
 A round body, formed of lymphatic vessels, con-
 nected together by cellular structure, but having
 neither a cavity nor  excretory duct.  The  me-
 senteric, inguinal and  axillary glands are of  this
 class.
  CONG LORE', Conglobate.
  CONG'LOM'ERATE, Conglomera'tua, from  con,
 and qlomerare, glomeratum, 'to gather in a heap.'
 Olom'erate, Glomera'tus, (¥.) ConglomerS. Heaped
 together.
  Coxglom'erate  Glands, Glan'dula conglome-
 rate seu vasculo'sa, are those whose lobules are
 united under the same membrane; as the liver,
 kidney, testicle, Ac.
  CONGLOMERATE) INTESTINORUM, Epi-
 ploce intestinalis.
  CONGLUTINANTIA, Congelativa.
   CONGRES (¥.), Congresa,  Congrea'sua, from
 congredi, congreaaua, (con, and greidi, 'to go,') 'to
 go  together.'   This term, which has often been
 used synonymously with Coition, means, also, the
 ocular proof, formerly ordered by  judicial  au-
 thority, in the presence of surgeons and matrons,
 to test the impotence or capabilities of parties ;—
 a most unsatisfactory  and indecent exhibition.
 It was forbidden by the  Parliament  of Paris in
 the year 1667.
  CONGRESSUS, Coition.
  CONI  VASCULO'SI,  Cor'pora pyramida'lia
 teatia.  Conical bundles, formed by the vasa effe-
 rentia of the testis; having their base towards
 the epididymis, into the tube of which they enter.
  CONIA, kovio.  A wine, prepared  by ferment-
 ing the must of the grape on tar previously washed
 in  sea-water. — Orfila.  See, also, Conium,  and
 Lixivium.
  CONIASIS, Incrustation.
   CONICINE,  see Conium.
  CONII  FOLIA, see Conium — c. Semen,  see
 Conium.
  CONIINE, see Conium.
  CONINE, see Conium.
  COXIOSTOSIS,  Pulverization.
  CONIS, Pulvis.
  CONISTERIUM, Apodyterium.
  CONI'UM,  C. macula'turn,  Abi'otea,   Corian'-
 drum macula'tum, Cicuta major seu macula'ta seu
 Stoerkii seu terrea'trie  seu major fo?'tida seu  vttl-
 gn'ria, Common  or Poiaon Hemlock, Hemlock,
 Poison paraley,  Spotted parsley, (Sc.) Humloik,
 (F.) Cii/ite ordinaire,  C.  grande  ou  officinale.
 Ord. Umbelliferae.   Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digy-
 nia.   The leaves, Conii Folia, and seeds, Conii
 Semen, are narcotic and  poisonous  in  an over-
 dose.  Light destroys  the virtues  of the leaves:
 and, therefore,  the  powder should  be  kept in
 opame bottles, well corked.  It  has been used as
 a palliative in cancer and other painful affections;
 but is not equal to opium.   Externally, it  has
 been applied in  fomentation to  cancerous   and
 scrofulous ulcers.  Dose, gr. ij to x.
  Its  active principle is Conla,  Conine,  Coniine,
 ConSine, Conicine, Cicutine.  It, or its salts, have
 been given as sedatives to the  nervous centres
 in various neuralgic and spasmodic diseases.  It
 is a most energetic poison.
  Da'videon'e Remedy  for Cancer is said to con-
 tist  of powdered hemlock and arsenious acid.
  Conium Moscha'tum, Arucacha. A very agree-
 able and nutritive kind of tuberous vegetable, in
 flavour not unlike  celery, which grows on  the
 coast of Peru, but is more abundant on  the pro-
jecting ridges of the Cordilleras, and on  the east-
ern declivity of the Andes.  It is cooked by being
either simply boiled in water, or made into a kind
of soup.—Tscbudi.
   CONJONCTI YE,  Conjunctiva.
   CONJONCTIY1TE, see Ophthalmia—c. Blen-
norrhaqique, see Ophthalmia.
   CONJUGAISON, Conjugation.
   CONJUGATION,  Conjuga'tio, from conjugare,
conjugatum, (con, and jugum, 'a yoke,')  'to yuke
together.'  (F.) Conjugaiaon.  Assemblage, union,
— Conju'gium.
   Conjugations  Foram'ina, (F.)  Trous de con-
jugaiaon.  The apertures at the sides of the spine,
formed by the union of the notches of the  verte-
brae.   They  give  passage  to the nerves of the
spinal marrow, and to the vessels which enter or
issue from the vertebral canal.
   CONJUGIUM, Coition, Conjugation.
   CONJUNCTI (MORBI),from conjitngere, (eon,
and jungere, junctum,) 'to join together.'  Dis-
eases  joined together.   Authors  have  distin-
guished  two kinds of these:  one,  in which the
diseases  go on simultaneously — morbi connex'i ;
the  other, in which  they succeed  each  other —
morbi consequen'tea.
   CONJUNCTIO, Articulation.
   CONJUNCTIVA, CUTICULAR, Xerophthal-
mia—c.  Granular, Trachoma.
   Conjunctiva  Mbmbra'na,  Circinncaula'lia,
Epipeph'yeoa, Tu'nica agna'ta  seu adna'ta seu
conjimcti'va, Tunda oc'tili. (¥.) Conjoin tire, Mem-
brane adnSe. A mucous  membrane, so called
because  it unites the  globe of the  eye  with tbe
eyelids.  It covers the anterior surface of the eye,
the inner surface of the eyelids, and  the cartnicula
lacrymalie.  It possesses great  general  sensibi-
lity, communicated to it by the fifth pair.
   CONJUNCTIVITIS, Ophthalmia —c JEgyp-
tiaca, Ophthalmia, purulent — c Blennorrhauica,
see  Ophthalmia — c  Catarrhalis,   Ophthalmia,
catarrhal — c. Gonorrhoica, see  Ophthalmia — c.
Puro-mucosa catarrhalis. Ophthalmia, catarrhal
—c Puro-mucosa contagiosa seu .iEgyptiaca, Oph
thalmia,  purulent.
   CONJUNGENS, Communicans.
   CONNATE, Conna'tua, (¥.)  ConnS, from con,
and natua, 'born with.'
   Connate  Diseases, (F.)   Maladies   connees,
Morbi conna'ti, are such as an individual is born
with :—connate having the  same signification  as
congenital.  A difference has been made  by some,
however; those diseases or conditions which are
dependent  upon  original conformation,  being
called congenital; — whilst the diseases or affec-
tions that may have supervened  during gestation
or delivery, are termed connate.
   CONNE, Connate.
   CONNECTICUT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
There is a mineral spring at Stafford, in this State,
twenty-four miles  from Hartford, which has ob-
tained more celebrity  than any one  in New Eng-
land. Its principal ingredients are iron  and car-
bonic acid.  It,  consequently,  belongs to the
class of acidulous chalybeates.  There are other
springs in the State, of which, however, little that
is accurate is known.
  CONNECTIVE  TISSUE, Cellular tissue.
  CONNERVATIO, Syndesmosis.
  CONNEXIO OSSIUM CARNOSA, Syssawo-
sis—c. Cartilaginea, Synchondrosis—c LigameD-
tosa, Syndesmosis.
  CONNUTRI'TUS, Syn'trophos, from con,
'with,' and nutrior, nutritiis,  'to be nourisHeci.'
A disease is so called  which has grown  up, as it
were, with  an individual, or  has been  connate
with him.—Hippocrates,  Galen.
  CONOID, Cono'ldeus, Conoi'dea, from koivos, ' a
cone,' and ttios, 'shape.' (F.) Conoide.   Resem-
bling a cone. 
CONOIDAL SUBSTANCE       234              CONSONANT
  Conoid Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum conoi'dea.  A
ligament, passing from the coracoid process to the
scapula, and forming part of the coraco-clavicular
ligament of some anatomists.
  CONOIDAL  SUBSTANCE OF  THE  KID-
NEY", see Kidney.
  CONOIDES CORPUS, Pineal gland.
  CONOPHTHALMIA, Staphyloma corneae.
  GONQUASSANT, (¥.) Conquas''sans,from con,
'with,'' together,' and quassare, 'to shake.'  Dou-
leurs conqttaasantes  are the pains of parturition,
at the time of their greatest intensity, when the
head is engaged in the pelvis.
  CONQUASSATION,  Conquassa'tio,  Quassa'-
tio, Quassatu'ra.  Same etymon.  A pharmaceu-
tical operation,.which consists in dividing, with
a pestle, fresh vegetables, fruits, Ac.  See Con-
frication.
  CONQUASSATIONES ANIMI, Affections of
the mind.
  CON QUE, Concha.
  CONSCIOUSNESS,  DOUBLE.  A somnam-
bulistic condition, in which the individual leads,
as it were, two lives, recollecting  in  each  condi-
tion what occurred  in previous conditions  of the
same  character,  but  knowing nothing of the
occurrences of  the other.  See  Duality of the
Mind.
  CONSECUTIVE,  Consecuti'vus, from co»i,
'with,' and sequor, secutus, ' to follow.'
  Consecutive  Phenom'ena or Symptoms, (F.)
PhSnomlnes ou accidens consScutifs, are such as
appear after the cessation of a disease, or, accord-
ing to  others,  during its decline;  but without
havinrr any direct connexion with it.
  CONSENSUAL,  see Instinctive.
  CONSENSUS, Consent of parts, Sympathy.
  Consen'sus Occlo'rum.  The intimate asso-
ciation between the two  eyes, as exemplified in
their consentaneous action in health, and often in
disease.
  CONSENT OF PARTS,  Conaen'eue, Conaen'-
eua  par'tium, Sympathla, from con,  and aentire,
eensum, 'to feel;' (F.) Conaentement dea Partiea.
That relation of different parts of the body with
each other which is more commonly denominated
sympathv-
  CONSENTEMENT DES PARTIES, Con-
sent of parts.
  CONSERVATION,  Conaerva'tio,  Phylax'ia,
from conaervare, (con, and eervare, aervatum.) 'to
preserve ;' (F.)  Conaervation,  Aaaervation.   The
art  of  preserving any object of pharmacy, any
remedial agent, Ac, from decay.
  CONSER'VA,  Conserve, (¥.)  Conserve, Elec-
tuaire  simple, SaccharolS mou.   Same etymon.
A pharmaceutical  preparation,  composed of a
vegetable substance and a sufficient quantity of
sugar beaten into a uniform mass.  See Confec-
tion.
  Conserva Absin'thii, C. absin'thii marit'imi,
Conserve of Wormwood.  (Leavea Ibj, sugar feiij.)
It has  been employed as a tonic,  stomachic, and
vermifuge.
  Conserva Amygdalarum, Confectio amygda-
larum.
  CoNservA Angel'ics,(Ph. P.) Conserve d' AngS-
lique, C. of Angelica.  (Pulp  of  root 250  parts ;
white sugar, boiled in a decoction of the root,
and reduced to the consistence of a solid electu-
ary, 1000  parts.)  It is  tonic, aromatic, and sto-
machic.
  Conserva de A'pio Graveolen'te (Ph. P.),
Conserve d' Ache, Conserve of Smallage.  Prepared
like the preceding.  Reputed to have the same
properties.
  Conserva  Ari,  Conserve of Arum.  (Fresh
root Ibss, augar Ibiss.)  Esteemed to be diuretic
and stimulant                                 j
  Conserva Aurantii, Confectio aurantiorum—
c.  Cassiae, Confectio  cassiae—c. Citri aurantii,
Confectio  aurantiorum.
  Conserva Cochlea'rls Horten'sis, Consent
of Lemon  Scurvy Grasa. (Leavea Ibj, augar Ibiij.)
Reputed to be stimulant and antiscorbutic.
  Conserva   Corticis  Exterioris Aurantii
Hispalensis,  Confectio aurantiorum — o. Corti-
cum  aurantiorum,  Confectio  aurantiorum — c.
Florum rosarum rubrarum, Confectio rosse Gal-
lica?— c. Cynosbati, Confectio rosea  caninas — c.
Cynorrhodi, Confectio rosae caninae — c. Flavedi-
nis  corticis aurantiorum Hispalensium, Confectio
aurantiorum.
  Conserva Lu'jul^b, C. Folio'rum lu'jula, Con-
serve  of  Woodsorreli   (Leaves Ibj, sugar lbiij.1
Gratefully acid and refrigerant.
  Conserva Mentha, C.  Mentha folio'rum,  C.
Mentha sati'va, Conserve of Mint.   (Leaves Ibj,
augar Ibiij.)  Stomachic in nausea and vomiting.
  Conserva Pruni Sylves'tris, C. Pruna mfl.
veetrie,  Pulpa  pruno'rnm  8ylvee'trittm eondi'ta,
Conaerve of Sloea, (Pulp 1 part, augar 3 parts,)
Possessed of astringent properties.
  Conserva RoSjE, Confectio  rosae Gallica;—c.
Rosae caninae, Confectio rosae  caninae — e. Rosas
fructfls, Confectio rosae caninae — c. Rosae Galli-
cae, Confectio rosae Gallicae.
  Conserva Scill^e, Conaerve of Squill.  (Freih
aquilla 3*j, augar ,^x.)  Possesses the diuretic and
other virtues of the squill.
  CONSERVE, Conserva,  see  Confectio—c.
d'Ache, Conserva  de  apio  graveolente — c. of
Aloes, Conserva pruni sylvestris — c of Lemon
scurvy grass, Conserva cochleariae hortensis —c.
of Mint, Conserva menthae —  c. of Orange, Con-
fectio aurantiorum—c. of Roses (red), Confectio
rosae  gallicae — c. of Smallage, Conserva de npio
graveolente — c of Woodsorrel, Conserva lujulse
—c. of Wormwood, Conserva  absinthli.
  CONSER VES, Spectacles.
  CONSIDENTIA,  from  consider*, (con and
sedo)  'to settle.'  This word has two accepta-
tions. 1. It is synonymous with Apocatastasis, and
means restoration or cessation, and the subsiding
of a humour, as thearine; and 2. It signifies con-
traction of any cavity or canal:—See Synezi«i«
  CONSISTENTIA, Consistere, (con and sisten)
'to stand  still.'  A term employed in two senses.
1. When joined to the word Morbi or AZtatii, it
expresses the acme of a disease, or the age  at
which the constitution  has  acquired  its full
strength.   2. By Consisten'tia humo'ris is meant
the density of  a humour.
  CONSOLIDA MAJOR, Symphytum—c. Me-
dia, Ajuga,  Chrysanthemum leucanthemum—C.
Minor, Prunella—c. Regalis, Delphinium conso-
lida — e. Rubra, Tormentil — c. Saracenica, Soli-
dago virgaurea.
  CONSOLIDAN'TIA,  Consolidatlva  Medico-
men'ta, from con, and solidus,  solid.  Substances,
formerly given for the purpose of consolidating
wounds, or strengthening cicatrices.
  CONSOLIDATIVA, Consolidantia.
  CONSOMME (¥.), Consumma'tum, from cm-
aummo, (con and aumma) ' I add together,' Zoswi.
Soup  strongly  charged with gelatin, and conse-
quently very nutritious, although not proportion-
ably easy of digestion.
  CONSOMPTION, Consumption
  CONSONANCE, see Sound.
  CON'SONANT,  Con'aonana, from  conaono,'*
sound together,' (con, ' with,' and sono,' to sound,')
because it is generally believed that a consonant
cannot be properly expressed, except when con-
joined with a vowel.   Physiologically, a breatfc,
or sound  produced  in the larynx, which sufferi
more  or less interruption in its passage throMk
the vocal  tube.                r   ^ 
CONSORTIUM            235            CONSULTATION
  CONSORTIUM. Sympathy.
  CONSOUDE, GRANDE, Symphytum.
  CONSOUND. MIDDLE, Ajuga.
  CONSPERSIO, Catapasma.
  CONSPICILLA, Spectacles.
  CONSPIRATIO, Sympathy.
  CONSTELLATUM   UNGUEN'TUM.   An
 lintment  composed  of  cleansed earthworms!
 Iried and pulverized; and of the fat of the bear
 tr wild boar.  It was formerly employed in tooth-
 ach, and to hasten the cicatrization of wounds.
  CONSTERNATIO, Stupor.
  CON'STIPATED,  Conatipa'tua, (Prov.) Maw-
 bound, (¥.) ConatipS ; same  etymon as the next.
 Affected with constipation; Costive; Bound, Bel-
 lybound.
  CONSTIPATIO, Constipation, Stegnosis.
  CONSTIPATION, Conatipa'tio,  from consti-
 yrnre, (con and atipare, stipatum,) ' to cram close.'
 Obstipa'tio, Adstric'tio, Arcta'tio, Obstipa'tio seu
 Reten'tio alvi'na, Ischocollia, Alvua aatric'ta seu
 adstric'ta seu tarda  seu  dura  seu  segnis,  Ob-
 ttruc'tio seu Suppres'sio ahi, 0.  Ductus  alimen-
 tu'rii, 0. intestina'lis, Torpor infeatino'rum, Styp-
 aia,  Conatipa'tio alvi,   Coproa'taaie, Acop'ria,
 Acopro'sis, Coproepis'chesis, lachocop'ria, Dyecoi'-
 lia, (¥.) Echauffement,  Ventre reaserre,  Coat'ive-
 ness, Facal  Reten'tion,  Alvine  obatruction.   A
 state of the bowels, in which the  evacuations do
 not take place as frequently as usual; or are in-
 ordinately hard, and  expelled with difficulty.   It
 may be owing either  to diminished action of the
 muscular coat of the intestines, or to diminished
 Becretion from the mucous membrane, or to both.
 Cathartics will usually remove  it;  after which
 Its  exciting  and predisponent causes  must be
 Inquired into  and obviated,  to render the cure
 permanent.
   CONSTIPATUS, Constipated.
   COXSTIPlS,  Constipated.
   CONSTITUENS, Vehicle, see Prescription.
   CONSTITUTIO, Constitution,  Habit  of body
 — c. Aeris, Constitution  of the atmosphere — c.
 Epidemica, Constitution,  epidemic — c. Nervosa,
 Nervous diathesis.
   CONSTITUTION,  Conatitu'tio,  Cataa'taaia,
 Statue,  from  con, and  atatuere,  from etare, ' to
 stand.'  A collection  of several  parts, forming a
 whole.  In medicine, Constitution means the state
 of  all the organs of the human body considered
 in regard to their special and relative  arrange-
 ment, order, or activity.  A good conatitution  is
 one in which  every organ is well developed, and
 endowed with due energy,  so that all  perform
 their functions with equal facility. Any want of
 equilibrium  in their  development and  energy
 forms a difference in the constitution.  We say
 that a man is of a good or robust, a delicate or
 weak constitution, when he is commonly  healthy,
 or commonly labouring under, or unusually sus-
 ceptible of, disease.
  Constitution, Arterial, Plethora arteriosa.
  Constitu'tion of the At'mosphere, Constitu'-
 tio  A'eris, (¥.) Conatitution AtmoaphSrique.  The
 condition of the atmosphere, as regards  dryness
 and humidity, temperature, heaviness, direction
 of the winds,  Ac, considered as  respects its in-
 fluence on the animal economy.
  Constitution, Epidem'ic, Conatitu'tio epidem'-
 ica, Med'ical  Constitution, (F.)  Constitution mS-
 dicale, C. SpidSmiquc.  The aggregate of meteor-
 ological  conditions, so far as they are appreciable,
 during which  diseases prevail epidemically.
  CONSTITUTIONAL,   (F.)   Conatitutionnel.
 Belonging to  the constitution of an individual;
to his manner of being; as constitutional phthisis,
c. gout,  Ac.   By some, this epithet has been i
given to diseases, produced  by the constitution |
of the  atmosphere; but  this acceptation is not
common.
  CONSTRICTEUR  D'HERBINEAUX,  see
Serre-nceud.
  CONSTRICTEUR  DE  LA  VUIVE, Con-
strictores cunni—c. du Vagin, Constrictores cunnL
  CONSTRICTIO. Astriction, Systole.
  CONSTRICTIVA, Styptics.
  CONSTRICTOR, from constringere, (con, and
stringere, strictum,) 'to bind.'  (F.) Couatricteur.
That which  binds in a circular direction.  A
sphincter.  Different muscles are so called.
  Constrictor Ani, Sphincter  ani externus — c.
of Nuck, Compressor of  Nuck.
  Constrictores  Alarum Nasi, Depressor alaa
nasi.
  Constricto'res Cunni, C. Vagina seu Vulva,
Clitor'idis inferio'res lati  et  pluni  mus'culi,
Sphincter  Vagina, (¥.) Constricteura du vagin,
C. de la Vttlve.   Small muscles which originate
beneath the  clitoris, descend along the  sides of
the  vagina,  and  terminate by  becoming con-
founded with the transeersus perinai and exter-
nal  sphincter ani muscles.   Their use is to con-
tract the entrance of the vagina.
   Constrictores Isthmi  Faucium,   Glossosta-
phylinus.
   Constricto'res Laryn'gis. Lieutaud describes,
under  the  name Grand  constricteur  du  Larynx,
the muscle Crico-arytenoideus latera'lis with the
Thyro-aryteno'ideus.
   Constrictores Nasi, Compressor naris.
   Constrictor  (Esoph'agi,  Constrictor of  the
CEeoph'ague, (¥.)  Conetricteur  de ICEsophage,
Muscle aeophagien.   A  fasciculus of fleshy,  cir-
cular fibres, at the upper part of the oesophagus.
   Constrictores  Oris, Orbicularis oris—c. Pal-
pebrarum, Orbicularis palpebrarum.
   Constricto'res  Pharyn'gis,  Conatrictora  of
the Pharynx, Sphincter Gitla.  Muscular expan-
sions which assist in forming the parietes of the
pharynx.  Three of these are generally admitted.
1. The Constric'tor  Pharyn'gis infe'rior, Crico-
pharyngeus and Thyro-pharyngeus,  (¥.) Crieo-
thyro-pharyngien.  It is  broad, very thin, quad-
rilateral, seated superficially, extending from the
thyroid and cricoid cartilages as far as the middle
of the pharynx, and uniting, on the median line,
with that of the opposite  side. 2. The Constrictor
Pharyngis Me'dins, Hyo-pharyngeus  and Chon-
dro-pharyngeus, Syndes'mo-pharyngeus, (¥.) Hyo-
glosso-baei-pharyngien, occupies the middle  part
of the pharynx.  It is triangular, and attached
anteriorly to the great and little cornu of the os
hyoides; to the stylohyoid ligament; and termi-
nates,  posteriorly, by  joining  its fellow of  the
opposite side.  3. The Conatrictor Pharyngis su-
pe'rior, Ceph'alo-pharyngeua, Gloaao-pharyngeua,
Mylo-pharyngeua, Pter'ygo-pharyngeua, (¥.) PtS-
rygo-ayndeamo-ataphili-pharyngien, is  quadrilate-
ral,  and extends  from  the internal  ala of  the
pterygoid process, from  the inter-maxillary liga-
ment, from the internal oblique line of the jaw,
and  from the base of the tongue to the posterior
part of the pharynx.
  The  constrictors of the  pharynx contract it.
They can likewise approximate the ends to each
other.   Chaussier considers those and the stylo-
pharyngeua as but one muscle, and includes all
under this last name.
  Constrictores Vagina, C. cunni—c. Vulvae,
C. cunni.
  CONSTRTNGENTIA, Astringents, Styptics.
  CONSUETUDO, Habit—c Menstrua, Menses.
  CONSULTANT, Consulting physician or sur-
geon.
  CONSULTATION,  Conaulta'tio, Delibera'tio,
Ccenolog"ia, Conten'tio, Symboleu'sis, from con»u-
lere,  coneultum, ' to hold council.'  This word haa 
CONSULTING PHYSICIAN     236         CONTINUED  FEVER
several  acceptations.  In English, it means, al-
most always, the meeting of two  or more practi-
tioners,  to deliberate on any particular  cas<- of
disease.  In France, it signifies  the written result
of such  deliberations, as well as the opinion of a
physician, given to  a patient, who consults bim,
either personally or by writing.
  CONSULTING PHYSICIAN or SURGEON,
(F.) MSdecinovi Chirurgien consultant, Consultant.
One who consults with the attending practitioner,
regarding any case of disease.   Some physicians,
surgeons, and accoucheurs confine themselves to
consulting practice.
  CONSUMMATUM, ConsommS.
  CONS UMMATUS, from con, cum, 'with,' and
summus,  'the  whole.'   Confirmed;  established;
developed,—as Phthisis conaumma'ta, 'confirmed
consumption.'
  CONSUMPTION, from coneumere, (con and
sumere, sumptum,) 'to waste away;' Coneump'tio,
Consum'tio,  Syntex'ia,   Waating,  Wearing,  (¥.)
Conso nipt ion.  Progressive emaciation or wasting
away.   This  condition  precedes  death in  the
greater part of chronic diseases, and particularly
in phthisis pulmonalis :  on this account it is, that
phthisis has received the name consumption—See
Phthisis.  Filvre de Consomption,  Consumptive
fever, is  the same as Hectic fecer.
  Consumption of  the  Bowels,  Enterophthisis.
  Consumption, Gal'loping, Phthisis aett'ta, (¥.)
Pthisie galopante ou aigue.  Phthisis pulmonalis,
which rapidly runs through its course to a fatal
termination.
  Consumption, Pulmonary,  Phthisis  pulmo-
nalis.
  CONSUMPTI'VA.  Same etymology.  Caus-
tics,  used for the destruction of fungi.   Burnt
alum, lunar caustic, Ac, were formerly so called.
  CONSUMPTIVE, Phthisicus.
  CONSUMTIO, Consumption.
  CONTABESCENTIA, from  oontabescere, (con
and  tabescere,) 'to grow lean.'   Consumption,
marasmus, atrophy, Ac.
  CONTACT, Cotitac'tua, from  con and  tangere,
factum, ' to touch.'  The state of two bodies that
touch each  other.  In  the theory of contagious
diseases, we distinguish immediate or direct con-
tact, as when we touch a patient labouring under
one  of those  diseases;  and mediate or  indirect
contact, when we touch, not the patient himself,
but objects that have touched or emanated from
him.  The air is, most commonly, the medium by
which this last kind of contact is effected.
  CONTA'GION,  Conta'gio, Conta'gee,  Conta'-
gium, Aporrhoe'a,  Apoc'ryaie.   Same  etymon.
The  transmission of a disease from one person to
another by direct or indirect contact.  The term
has,  also, been applied,  by some, to the action of
miasmata arising from dead animal or vegetable
matter,  bogs, fens, Ac, but in this sense it is now
abandoned.   Contagious  diseases are produced
either by a virus,  capable of  causing them by
inoculation, as in small-pox, cow-pox, hydropho-
bia,  syphilis, Ac,  or by miasmata, proceeding
from a sick  individual,  as in plague, typhus gra-
vior, and in measles and scarlatina. [?] Scrofula,
phthisis  pulmonalis, and cancer,  have, by some,
been esteemed contagious, but apparently with-
out foundation.  Physicians are, indeed, by no
meanis unanimous ia  deciding what  diseases are
contagious,  and what not.   The contagion of
plague aud typhus, especially of the latter, is
denied by many.  It seems probable, that a dis-
ease may be  contagious under certain  circum-
stances  and not under others.  A case of common
fever, arising  from  common cauaea, as from cold,
if the patient be kept  in a close, foul situation,
may be  converted into a disease, capable of pro-
ducing emanations, which may excite a similar
disease in those exposed to them.   Contaaion ^nd
• offrtimi  ?re  generally  esteemed  synonymous.
Frequently, however, the  former is  applied to
diseases not  produced by contact; as measles
scarlet fever, [?] Ac, whilst infection, (Prov.) ,v«.,>
is used for those that require positive contact; as
itch,  syphilis, Ac,  and  conversely.   Diseases
which cannot be produced in any other way th:u<
by  contagion, are said to have  their origin in
specific  contagion; as  small-pox, cow-pox, mea-
sles,  hydrophobia,  syphilis,  Ac.    Those which
are produced by contagion, and yet are supposed
to be sometimes  owing to other causes, are said
to arise  from common contagion; as typhus, cyn-
anehe parotidrea. Ac.
  CONTA'GIONIST,  (F.)   Contagionitte.  One
who believes in the contagious character of a par-
ticular disease,—as of yellow fever.
  CONTA'GIOUS, Contagio'aua, (¥.) Contagiem,
Capable of being transmitted by  mediate or im-
mediate contact,  Commit'nicable,— as a euntaui.
one diaease, contagiona fever, contagious effluvia
Ac.   Commonly, the epithet  infectious,  (Prov.)
Taking, Smittlc, Catching, is applied to those that
are communicated by immediate contact, as itch,
syphilis, Ac.
  CONTAGIUM,  Contagion. Miasm.
  CONTEMPLABILES DIES, Critical days.
  CONTEMPLATIF, (P.) Contemplati'v,,*, (con
and templum.)   Appertaining to  contemplation.
The predominant  idea of the melancholic — of
the  monomaniac — is  sometimes called  contem-
plative.
  CONTEMPLATIO,  Catalepsy.
  CONTEMPLATIVUS, Contemplatif.
  CONTENSIO. Tension.
  CONTENTIO, Consultation.
  CONTEXTURE, Contextu'ra, Contex'tus, from
con and texere,  (quasi  tegsere. from  tegere, 'to
cover,')  textiim,  ' to weave,'  ' to  make a weh.'
Arrangement of parts;—texture.  A name given,
metaphorically,  to  the  structure of organized
bodies ;  as the contexture of muscles, fibres, Ac.
See Tissue, and Texture.
  CONTIGUITY, DIARTHROSIS OF, see Con.
tinuity.
  CONTINENCE, Continen'tia, from  continere,
(con and  tenere, '  to hold or keep,') ' to  contain
oneself;' 'to restrain.'   Restraint.  Abstinence
from, or moderation  in, the pleasures of physical
love.
  CONTINENS, Continent.
  CONTINENT,  Con'tinens.  Restrained.  This
word is synonymous, also, with Continued; (F.)
Continu.
  Continent Cause, Causa conjunc'ta, is a cause,
real or  presumed, which having given rise to a
disease, continues to act during the whole of its
duration.   It may  be  considered synonymous
with proximate cause.   A continent fever, Febrit
continens, is one which preserves during its whole
course, the same degree of intensity, without any
remission  or sensible  exacerbation.  A  disease
which continues uninterruptedly, has  been also
called JEipathei'a, Aeipathei'a or A'ipitthla.
  CONTINENTIA, Continence.
  CONTIN'UED  FEVER, Febria contin'un m
con'tinens seu anabalica seu assid'ua.   A  fever
which presents  no  interruption  in  its course.
Continued fevers  form a division in  the cli-*
Pyrexia of Cullen, and include three  genera,—
Synocha, Synochtte, and Typhus.   It is proper t«
remark, that some of  the older writers  make »
distinction between  the  continual fever, ovhx*U
febris continua, and  the synochtts or febris conti-
nens.  Thus, Rhases states that the svnochusor
continens  is a fever, which consists of  one p-
roxysm  from beginning to end; whilst the coi.ii-
nua is allied to intermittents. 
CONTINUITY             237         CONTROSTIMULUS
  CONTINUITY,  Contimlitaa.   An  adhesion
of two things  between each other, so that they
cannot be separated without fracture or laceration. \
  Continuity,  Diarthro'ses of, (F.) Di arthroses :
de CoiitinuitS,  are movable joints, in which the
bones are continuous, but do  not touch imme-
diately, there being  between them a ligamentous
substance, whose flexibility permits motion. The
vertebral articulations are examples of this.  Di-
ARTHROSES of  Contigu'ity,  Diarthrosea de Con-
tiqiiite, on the  other hand, are movable articula-
tions, in which the bones are not continuous, but
touch by surfaces covered with a cartilaginous
Layer, which is always moistened by synovia.
  Continuity,  Lesion of, see  Continuity, Solu-
tion of.
  Continuity,  Solution of, Solu'tio coutin'ui, is
any division  of parts,  previously continuous.
Wounds and fractures are solutions of continuity.
The word Continuity is opposed  to Contiguity: the
bitter meaning the condition  of two things  which
are near each  other, or touch  without  uniting.
There is contiguity between the head of the hu-
merus and the  glenoid cavity of the scapula, but
not continuity.
  A  le'sion of  continu'ity,  La'aio  coutin'ui, is  a
destruction of continuity caused by disease.
  COXTOXDANT, Contunding.
  CONTORSIO, Contorsion—c Coluinnas  verte-
oralis, Rhachiostrophosis.
  CONTOR'SION, Contor'tio,  from  contorqneo,
(con and torque re,  tortum, 'to wring,') 'I twist
about.' Violent movement of a part, accompanied
with a kind of  torsion, twist or cast; as contortion
of the face.                                    '
  CONTRAAPERTU'RA, from contra, 'against,' i
and aperio, T open.'  A counter-opening; Con- \
tra-incis'io, Incis'io prio'ri oppo'sita, (F.) Coutre- I
ouvertttre. An  incision, made in the most depend-
ing part  of a  wound or abscess, when the first j
opening is not  situate in a manner favourable for
the discharge of the pus.
  CONTRAEXTENSIO, Counter-extension.
  CONTRACTILE, Contrac'tilis, from contra-
here,  (con and trahere,  tractum,) ' to draw to-
gether.'   Capable of contracting.   The  fibre of
muscles is contractile. f
  CONTRACTILITE, Contractility—c. par DS-
faut d'Extension, Elasticity—c.de Tissu,Elasticity.
  CONTRACTIL'ITY, Contractuitas: same ety-
mon ; (F.) ContractilitS.   That vital property,
which gives, to certain parts, the  power of con-
tracting.  The muscles of locomotion  are endowed
with a power  of voluntary contractility, or  one
dependent immediately on the action of the brain:
—the muscles  of the viscera  of digestion, and
other  internal  organs, enjoy an involuntary con-
tractility.   Contractility  and irritability are fre-
quently used synonymously  to signify  tbe pro-
perty possessed by any tissue of contracting on the
application of an appropriate stimulus.
  Contractility, Irritability.
  CONTRACTIO.Contraction—c.Cordis, Systole.
  CONTRACTION, Contrae'tio.  Same etymon;
Systole.  Action of contracting.  When we  speak
of the contraction of a muacle, we mean the phe-
nomenon it exhibits during the time it is in action.
  CONTRACTOR UTERI, Abortive.
  CONTRACTU'RA.  Same etymon. Acamp'aia,
Enta'aia  articula'ri$\  Rigor, ar'tuum, 3Iuacular
Stiff-joint, (¥.) Contracture.  A state of perma-
nent rigidity and progressive atrophy of the  flexor
muscles, which  prevents the motions of extension
beyond a  certain limit.   The  affected   muscles
form hard cords beneath the skin.  On dissection,
they are found converted into  tendinous fibres,
the fleshy fibres having almost disappeared, when
the disease has been of any duration.   It sue- ,
oeeds. frequently, other diseases, particularly :
 rheumatism, neuralgia, convulsions, syphilis, co-
 lica pictonuia, Ac.  The warm bath, vapour bath,
 or thermal waters, oleaginous embrocations, me-
 chanical extension of the limbs, Ac, are the chief
 means of treatment.
   CONTRAFISSU'RA,  from  contra,  'against,'
 and findere, fissum, ' to cleave ;' Repercus'sio, Ite-
 soilitua, Catag'ma Fissura contraja'cens, Apeche'-
 ma, Anticom'ma, Antic'ope, Anticru'sis, Anticrus'-
 ma, Infortu1niitm, Counterstroke, (¥.) Contre-coup,
 Contre-fente, Contre-fracture.  A fracture, contu-
 sion,  or injury, produced, by a  blow, in a  part
 distant from that which is struck.  Five species
 of contrafissura or contre-coups may occur  in the
 skull.   1. When the  internal table  yields  and
 fractures.  2. When the bone breaks in any other
 part than the one struck.   3. When  a bone,  which
 has been struck, remains uninjured, and its neigh-
 bour is fractured.  4.  When the bone is  fractured
 in  a place diametrically opposite to that struck,
 as in fractures at the  base of the cranium, from a
 fall on the vertex ; and lastly, when the violence
 of the  blow produces  a separation  of the neigh-
 bouring or distant sutures.  These fractures  of the
 skull are alsu called Fractures par rSsonnance.
   CONTRAHENTIA, Astringents, Styptics.
   CONTRAINCISIO, Contra-apertura.
   CONTRAINDICATIO, Counter-indication.
   CONTRAIRRITATIO, Counter-irritation.
   CONTRALUNA'RIS, from  contra, 'against,'
 and luna, 'the moon.'  An epithet for  a woman
 who conceives during the menstrual discharge.—
 Dietrich.
   CONTRASTIMULANS, Contro-stimulants.
   CONTRAYERVA,  Dt.rstenia contrayerva—c.
 Balls,  Pulvis contrayervas compositus.
   Contrayerva, Lisbon, Dorstenia contrayerva
 — c Mexican, Psoralea  pentaphylla — c Nova,
 Psoralea pentaphylla—c Virginiana, Aristolochia
 serpentaria.
   CONTRECOUP, Contra-fissura.
   CONTREEXTEXSiON, Counter-extension.
   COXTREFEXTE, Contra-fissura.
   COXTREFRACTURE, Contra-fissura.
   CONTREINDICA TION, Counter-indication.
   CONTREOUVERTURE, Contra-apertura.
   CONTREPOISON, Antidote.
   CONTRESTIMULISME, Controstimulus.
   CONTRESTIMULUS, Controstimulus.
   CONTREXEVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS
 OF.  Contrexevil'o is a town  in France in the
 department of Vosges, four leagues from  Neuf-
 chateau.  The waters contain carbonate of iron,
 chloride of calcium, and carbonate  of lime, chlo-
 ride of sodium, a bituminous substance, and free
 carbonic  acid.  They are frequented by those la-
 bouring under cutaneous, scrofulous,  and calcu-
 lous affections.
   CONTRIT"IO, Syntrim'ma, Syntrip'sis, Tri-
 tu'ra,  Tritus, Tril'io, Tripaia, from  cotttero, 'I
 bruise or make small:' Comminu'tion, Trituration.
   CONTROSTIM'ULANT, Contrastim'ulans,
 Hyposthen'ic, from contra, 'against,' and 8timidue,
 ' that which excites.'  A substance that possesses
 a particular, debilitating property, acting  upon
 the excitability in a manner opposite to stimulus.
 A  name given to therapeutical agents, which, ac-
 cording to the Italian theory of  controstimulus,
 are endowed with the property  of diminishing
 excitement by a specific action.   These agents
 are by no means clearly defined.
  CONTROSTIMULUS  or CONTRESTIMU-
 LUS,   DOCTRINE  OF, (F.)  Contrestimulisme.
 Same etymon.  The name given by  Rasori,  about
 thirty years ago,  to a new medical doctrine, of
 which  he  was  the originator—La nuova  Dottrina
 Medica Italiana.  It is founded on the contro-sti-
uiulant property attributed to a certain number of 
CONTUNDING             238            CONVOLVULUS
medicines.  In this doctrine, as in that of Brown, ,
under tbe name excitability, a fundamental princi-
ple of physiology is admitted,  by virtue of which
living beings are endowed with an aptitude for
feeling the  action of external  agents  or exciting
influences,  and of reacting on  these influences.
When this  excitability is too great, there is excess
of stimulus or Hypersthenla:  when too little,
there is deficiency or  Hypoathenla.   Diseases,
general and  local,  are  divided into  three great
classes, or into, 1. Hyperethenic ; 2. Hypoethenic ;
3. Irritative.   The  contro-stimulant  physicians
admit only two classes of medicines — etimulanta
and contro-atimulanta.
   CONTUND'ING, Contu'sing, Contun'dena, from
eontundere, (con and tundere, tuaum,)  ' to  bruise.'
(F.)  Contondant.  That which causes contusions.
An epithet given to round, blunt, vulnerating pro-
jectiles, which bruise or lacerate parts  without
cutting them.
   CONTUS, Contused.
   CONTUS, Penis.
   CONTU'SED.  Same etymon as Contunding.
(F.) Contua.  Affected with contusion.  Thus we
say—a contused wound.
   CONTU'SION, Contu'aio, Bruiae, (Prov.) Doke,
Collia'io, Phlaama,  Thlasie, Thlae'ma, Th. contu'-
aio,  Rhege, Rhegma, Rhegmua, Famex,  Famia,
Fornix,  (¥.) Meurtriaaure.  Same etymon.   An
injury or lesion—arising  from the  impulse of a
body with a blunt surface — which  presents no
loss of substance, and  no apparent  wound.  If
the skin be divided, the injury takes  the name of
contused wound.   The  differences of contusions,
as to extent, are of course infinite.  When slight,
the blood stagnates in the  capillaries of the skin,
or is effused into the subcutaneous areolar tissue.
Time and  cold applications remove it.  When the
texture has been lacerated, there is effusion  of
blood,  with more or less  torpor in  the part af-
fected.   Cooling applications, general  or topical
bleeding, emollients,  poultices, Ac, are here ne-
cessary, according   to  circumstances.  In  the
severest kinds of contusion, all  the soft and solid
parts,  except the skin, are  bruised, and, at times,
reduced to a kind of  pap.   When the disorgani-
zation is to this extent, there is no  hope except
in  amputation.   A  deep contusion  of the soft
parts has  been called Sarcoth'lasis, and Sarcoth-
las'ma.
   Contusion, Wind,  see Wind of  a Ball.
   CONUS ARTERIOSUS, Infundib'ulum of the
heart.   The  portion  of the right ventricle from
which  the pulmonary  artery proceeds, forms  a
prominence on the right side of the anterior fur-
row of the heart, and  is prolonged  towards the
left, becoming narrower at the same time, so  as
to  form a funnel-shaped  projection, which  ex-
tends a little beyond the base  of the ventricles.
This is the Conus arteriosus.
   Conus Vasculosus,  see Coni Vasculosi.
   CONVALES'CENCE,   Convaleacen'tia,  Ana-
lep'sis, Anas'tasis, Reconvalescetltia,  from conva-
lescere, (con and valescere) ' to grow well.'  Ex-
anas'trophe.   Recovery of health after  disease.
The time which elapses between the termination
of a disease and complete restoration of strength.
   CONVALLARIA ANGULOSA, C. polygona-
tum.
   Convallaria  Canalicula'ta, Polygo'natum,
canalicula'tum seu  latifo'lium, Great  Solomon's
Seal; and Convallaria PUBEs'CENs,Pofy</o'natu»i
pubes'cens, Smaller  Solomon's Seal:  indigenous.
A decoction of the roots is said to be cathartic,
diuretic, and diaphoretic.
   Convalla'ria Maia'lis, from convallie, 'a
valley,'—from its abounding in  valleys.   Lil'ium
Conval'litim, Convalla'ria,  C.  mappi,  Maian'the-
mum, Lily  of the Valley, May Lily, (¥.) Muguet,
Muguct de Mai.   The recent flowers are reputed
to be aromatic,  cephalic, errhine, and cathartic.
They are not used.
  Convallaria Mappi, C. Maialis.
  Convalla'ria  Multiflo'ra,   Polygo'natum
multiflo'rum, which grows in this country and is
Europe, has analogous properties.
  Convalla'ria Polygo'natum.   The systenm-
tic  name of Solomon's  Seal, Convalla'ria aiioa-
lo'sa, Polygo'natum uniflo'rum seu anceps seu vvl.
ga're, Sigillum Salomo'nis, Polygo'natum, (F.)
Sceau de Salomon, Genouillet.  The root was once
used as an astringent and tonic.   It is, also, a re-
puted cosmetic.
  CONVENTUS, Coition.
  CONVER'SION,  Gonver'sio, from con and ver.
tere, versum, 'to  turn.'   Change from one stalt
into another.
  Conversion of Diseases, (F.)  Conversion dei
maladies, is the change  or transformation of one
disease into another.
   CONVOLUTION, Convolu'tio, from convolvers,
(con and volvere, volutum) 'to entwine •' Epiepha'-
rion, Gyrua, Helig'mua, (¥.)  Circonvolution. The
rolling of any thing upon itself.
   Convolutions, Cer'ebral, Gyri seu Plicatu'.
ra seu Spira seu Procea'aua enteroi'dei seu Intea-
tlnula Cer'ebri, are the round,  undulating, tor-
tuous projections observed  at the base of the
brain.  In  them Gall's organs, of  course, ter-
minate.
   Convolution,  Inter'nal,  C.  of the  Corpus
 Callo'aum,  Convolution  d'Ourlet  (Foville).   A
cerebral convolution of great extent, the princi-
pal portion of which is found on the inner surface
of  each  hemisphere above the corpus callosum.
In  front it bends downwards  and backwards  to
the fissure of Sylvius, and behind, it extends  to
the middle lobe and forms the hippocampus major.
 ■ Convolutions, Intes'tinal,  are  the  turns
made by the intestines in the abdomen.
   Convolution,  Supra-or'bitar.  A convolu-
tion of tbe brain,  which exists on the inferior
surface of the  anterior  lobe, and rests upon the
roof of the orbit.
   CONVOL'VULUS,  from convolvere, (eon and
volvere) ' to entwine.'   Ileus, Intussusceptio.
   Convol'vulus  Bata'tas.   Same etymon.   C.
 In'dicua,  Camotea;  the Sweet Potato,  Spaniih
Potato.  (¥.) Patate.  Ord. Convolvulaceaa.  This
is  the only esculent root of the  genus Convol-
vulus.  It is much eaten in the United States.
   Convol'vulus  Cantab'rica,  Cantab'rica, La-
vender-leaved Bindweed, has been  considered an-
thelmintic and actively  cathartic.
   Convolvulus Indicus, C. Batatas.
   Convol'vulus  Jala'pa.  A systematio name,
generally thought to  be the Jalap plant, which
is,  properly, Exogo'nium purga, Ipomce'a Jnla-
pa seu purga seu Schiedea'na seu  macrorhi'za.
Jala'pium,  Jalo'pa,  Mechoaca'na nigra, Jalap-
 pa,  Jalapa,  Jalap  Root,  Gialappa,  Xolappa,
Bryo'nia Mechoacan'a  ni'gricana, Bryo'nia Pe-
ruvia'na,   Chela'pa,   Rhabar'barum   Nigrum,
 Gelap'pium, (¥.)  Jalap, is produced from South
America.  Its odour is  nauseous; taste sweetish
and slightly pungent.   It i3 solid, hard, heavj,
brittle ; fracture, resinous ; internally, light gray;
externally, covered with a deep  brown, wrinkled
bark.  Its  operation  is cathartic, the resinous
part griping violently.   Dose, 10  gr. to ^ss.  A
drop or two of any essential oil may prevent it
from griping.  An active principle has been sepa-
rated from Jalap, to  which the names Jalapin
and Cathartin have been given.
  An inferior kind, called light, fuaiform or malt
jalap, is yielded by Ipomce'a  seu  Convotnb*
Orizaben'aie, I. batatoi'dea seu Meatitlan'ica,lQ$s
grows near Orizaba  and Mestitlan, in Mexico. 
CONVULSE~             2
  Convolvulus Major Albus, Convolvulus se-
nium—c. Maritimus, Convolvulus soldanella.
  Convol'vulus Mecho'acan,  Mechoaca'na
Radix, Jalap'pa alba, Rhabar'barum album, Pip-
toitegia Piso'nis, Mechoacan, Jeticncu, (¥.) Rha-
barbe  ou Rhubarbe blanche ou des Indee,  Jalap
blanc, Bryone  d'AmSrique.   A Mexican convol-
vulus, the root of which possesses  aperient pro-
perties, and was once extensively used instead of
jalap.  See Batata de purga.
  Convolvulus Megalorhizus, C. Panduratus.
  Convolvulus Nil, Ipomat'a nil, Blue Morning-
glory.  An East Indian  plant, naturalized in some
of the Western States.  The seeds are sold  in
Calcutta as a cathartic.   The roots have the same
properties.
  Convolvulus  Operculatus,  see  Batata  de
purga—c. Orizabensis, see Convolvulus Jalapa.
  Convol'vulus  Pandura'tus,  C. Megalorhi'-
tue,  Peeudo-mechouca'na,  Fiddle-leaved   Bind-
weed, Hog Potato,  Virginian Bindweed,  Wild
Pota'to, Mech'ameck, M. Bindweed, Wild Jalap,
Man in the ground, Man of the Earth, Wild Rhu-
barb,  Wild Potato- Vine, Kaaaau'de*-, Kassa'der,
Kussauder, (¥.) Liseron Mechamec.   In Virginia,
and some other parts  of the United States, the
root of this plant has been much recommended in
cases  of gravel.  It is used either in powder or
decoction.
  Convolvulus Perennis,  Humulus lupulus.
  Convolvulus   pes   Ca'pr.e,  Bargada.   A
plant used in  India as a cataplasm in arthritic
cases.
  Convolvulus Repens, C. sepium.
  Convolvulus  Scammo'nea  seu  Scammo'nia,
 C. Syriactts.  The systematic name  of the Scam'-
mony  Plant.  A Syrian and Mexican plant; the
concrete  gummi-resinous juice of which, Scam-
mo'nia, Scammonia Gummi Resi'na, Scammonium,
S. Sijriacum, Diagryd'inm,  Dacrydion,  Scammo-
ny, Mahmoudy, (¥.) SeammonSe d'Alep,  comes to
us in blackish-gray fragments, becoming whitish-
yellow when  touched with  wet fingers.  It is a
drastic,  hydragogue cathartic.   Dose, gr.  iij  to
gr. xv, triturated with sugar.
  Convolvulus, Sea, Convolvulus Soldanella.
  Convol'vulus  Se'pium,   Convolvulus   major
albus  seu repens  seu   Tugurio'rum, Calyste'gia
se'pium, Great  or  Hedge Bindweed, (¥.) Liseron
dea Haiea, Grand Lieeron.  The juice of this
plant  is violently purgative,  and is given in drop-
sical affections.
  Convol'vulus Soldanel'la.  The systematic
name of the Sea Convolvtilua, Convolvulua Maril-
imiis, Bras'sica Marina, Calyste'gia Soldanella,
Sea Bindweed, Soldanel'la, (¥.)  Chou Marin.
The leaves of this  plant are  said to be drastic ca-
thartic;  but they are not much, if at all, used.
  Convolvulus  Syriacus,  Convolvulus   scam-
monia*—c Tuguriorum,  C. sepium.
  Convol'vulus Turpe'thum, Turpe'thum.   The
systematic name of the  Turbith plant.   (¥.) Ra-
cine de Turbith.  The cortical part of the root of
this species of convolvulus  is brought from the
East Indies.  It ♦ a cathartic, but not used.
  CONVULSE, Convulsed.
  COMjJUL'SED,  Convulsus,  (F.)  Convulei.
Same  etymon as convulsion. Affected with con-
vulsions.
  CONVCLSIBILITAS, see Subsultus tendinum.
  CONVULSIF, Convulsive.
  CONVULSIO,  Convulsion — c.  Canina, see
Canine laugh.
  Convul'sio  Cerea'lib,   Convul'ato  ab  Uati-
lag'tne seu Solonieu'aia, Ergotia'mua apaamod'i-
eus, Myrmeclaais, Myrmecias'mua, Myrmecis'mus,
Myrmeco'sis,  Ce'real Convulsion, (¥.) Convulsion
eSrSale, Ergotisme convitlsif Convulsion  de So-
iogne.  A  singular disorder of the convulsive
3 9              COOSTRUM
 kind, attended with a  peculiar tingling and for-
 mication in the arms and legs; hence called by
 the Germans  Kriebelkran k h eit.   It is said
 to be endemic in some  parts of Germany, and to
 arise  often from the use of spoiled  corn.  Sea
 Raphania.
   Convulsio  Habitualis,  Chorea — c.  Indica,
 Tetanus—c. Raphania,  Raphania—c Soloniensis,
 C. cerealis, Ergotism—c. Tonica, Tonic Spasm—
 c. Uteri, Abortion.
   CONVUL'SION, Spasmus, Convulsio, from
 convellere, (con and vellere, vulsum,) 'to tear, 'to
 pull together;' Conduc'tio, Hieran'osus, Disten'tio
 nervo'rum, Spasmus clon'icus, Convulsio clon'ica,
 Eclamp'sia, Syspa'sia Convulsio, Hyperspasm'ia,
 Clonic  Spasm.  This word has several accepta-
 tions.   It  means any  violent perversion of the
 animal  movements.  The word Convulaione ge-
 nerally, however, signifies alternate contractions,
 violent  and involuntary, of muscles, which  habi-
 tually contract only under the influence of the
 will.  This alternate contraction, when slight, is
 called tremor ; when strong and permanent, teta-
 nua, triamua, Ac.  Spasma, Cramp, Risus Sardo-
 nicua, and St.  Vitua'a Dance are convulaione.
   Convulsion, Salaam', Eclamp'aia seu Spaemus
 nutane.   A name given to a singular kind of con-
 vulsion  in children, in which there is a peculiar
 bobbing of the head forward.—Sir Charles Clarke.
   CONVULSION DE  SOLOGNE,  Convulsio

   CONYULSIONNAIRE (¥.).   A name given,
 during the last century, to individuals who had,
 or affected to  have, convulsions, produced by re-
 ligious impulses.  The  epithet was first given to
 fanatics, who  exhibited the  most wonderful and
 varied seizures, at the tomb of Paris, a Jansenist,
 who died in the year 1727, and was buried in the
 cemetery  of St. M6dard.  Some  of these  were
 called Saitteuses or Jumpers, of whom  there have
 been examples in more recent times : others, from
 barking like a dog, were called aboyeuses; and
 others, from mewing like a cat, miaulantes.
  A form  of  convulsion, induced  by religious
 frenzy, has been vulgarly called the "jerks," and
 the gymnastic movements of the Shakers may be
 placed in the same category.
  CONVULSIONS OF CHILDREN,  Eclampsia
 — c. des En fans, Eclampsia — c. dee Femmes en-
 ceintea  et  en  couchea,  Eclampsia  gravidarum et
 parturientium—c. Puerperal, Eclampsia gravida-
 rum et parturientium.  See Mania, dancing.
  CONVUL'SIVE,  Convulalvua, Spaamo'des,
 Agitato'riua, (¥.) Convulaif.  That which is ac-
 companied by, or is analogous to, convulsions, as
 convulsive cough, convulaive disease.
  CONYZA, Inula dysenterica—c Bifoliata, Se-
 ricocarpus  tortifolius — c Coma aurea, Solidago
 Virgaurea—c Major,  C. squarrosa—c Media,
 Inula dysenterica—c. Pycnostachya, Pterocaulon
 pycnostachyum.
  Cony'za Squarro'sA,  C. Major, Brephoc'to-
 non, In'ida aquarro'sa,  Great Fleabane or Spike-
 nard, (¥.) Herbe aux mouchea.  Ord. Compositae.
 A European plant, whose strong and disagreeable
 odour was formerly considered to  be destructive
 to flies,  fleas, Ac.   Its infusion in  wine was once
 used as  an  emmenagogue and anti-icteric; and in
 vinegar  as an anti-epileptic
  COOKERY, Culinary art.
  COOLWEED, Pilea pumila.
  COONTIE or COONTI, see Arrowroot.
  COOPER'S  WELL,  see  Mississippi,  Mineral
Waters of.
  COOPERCULUM  OCULI, Palpebra.
  COOPERTORIUM, Thyroid cartilage.
  COOSTRUM. The  middle  part  of the  di*.
phragm.—Ruland. 
COOT                   240                    COR
  COOT, Malleolus.
  COOT1I. Catarrh.
  COPAHIER, Copaiba.
  COPAHU. Copaiba.
  COPA'IBA.  The resinous juice of  Copaif'era
officina'lis seu Jacquini, Copaica officinu'lis, and
other species of Copaifera;  (F.) Copahier.   Ord.
Leguminosaj.  Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia.
It is the Copaifera officina'lis Resi'na, Balsa-
mum Copaiba  seu Brazilien'se sende Copaibd seu
Capi'vi.  Balsam of Copaiba or  Copaiva,  (vul-
garly pronounced capee'vy,) (¥.) Copahu, Baume
de Copahu, B. du  BrSsil, TSrSbinthe de Copahu.
Its odour is peculiar, but not  unpleasant;  taste
pungent, bitter;  consistence, syrupy;  colour yel-
lowish, and transparent.  It is soluble in alcohol,
ether, and the expressed oils.  S. g.  0.950.  Its
properties  are stimulant and  diuretic; in  large
doses it is purgative.  It acts on the lining mem-
brane of the urethra,  and on mucous membranes
in general. It is given in gonorrhoea, gleet, leu-
corrhoea, Ac,  in the dose of gtt. x to 3J- twice or
thrice a day.  Should symptoms of urticaria or
diarrhoea arise, the dose is too  large, and must be
diminished.  It  can be inspissated  by means  of
magnesia so as to be made  into pills, and a plan
has been devised for enveloping it  in gelatin, so
tnat its taste is entirely  concealed.  See  Cap-
sule*, gelatinous.
   COPAIFERA  JACQUINI,  see  Copaiba — c.
Officinalis, see Copaiba.
   COPAIVA  OFFICINALIS, see Copaiba.
   COPAL', Copale, Resi'na Copal,  Gummi copal-
11 num.   A resinous substance brought from the
E.ist Indies,  South  America,  and the western
coast of Africa,  which flows spontaneously from
Elaocar'pits Copallif'erua,   Vate'ria Ind'ica, and
probably  from  different species  of  Hymena'a.
Ord. Leguminosae.  It is a stimulant like all the
resins, and, dissolved in rectified  spirits of wine,
has been used in cases of spongy gums and  loose-
ness of the teeth ; but it is now only employed
in varnishes.
   COPALCHE BARK, see Croton pseudo-china.
   COP-BONE, Patella.
   COPE. Cut.
   COPHOMA. Cophosis.
   COPHONIA,  Acouophonia.
   COPHO'SIS,  Copho'ma,  Coph'otes, Snr'ditas,
 Paracu'sie, Dysaathe'aia andito'ria; from  Kiaipos,
'deaf.'   (F.)  SurditS.  Diminution  or loss  of
hearing.   Cullen  uses  the word  synonymously
with Dyseccea, and Pin el   with  Paracou'eia  or
Parac'oe.   According to Sauvages, Cophoaia dif-
fers from both,—from Dyaecosa, because in it the
sonorous rays cannot reach the  labyrinth ; and
from Paracoueia,  which consists in a confused
state of hearing.
   Cophosis seems, usually, to be  synonymous
with deafness,—Paracu'sie, Sur'ditas.
   COPHOTES,  Cophosis.
   COPIOPIA, Copyopia.
   COPOS, Lassitu'do, Fatiga'tio, Las'situde, Fa-
 tii/iic.   A  state of body in which most of the ani-
mal functions are exerted  with less promptitude
 and vigour than common.   The ancients admit-
 ted  three species: 1.  That  arising from plethora,
 Lassitu'do  tensi'va,  tono'des;  2.  From plethora
 and increased heat combined, Lassitu'do phleg-
 .nono'sa, astno'sa, phlegmono'dea; and, 3. Owing
 to a morbid condition of the humours, Laaaitu'do
 ulcero'sa,  helco'des.
   COPPER,  Cuprum — c.  Ammoniated, Cuprum
 ammoniatum—c. Ammonio-sulphate  of,  Cuprum
Mnmoniatum—c. Rose, Papaver  rhoeas—c. Sub-
 acetate of, Cupri subacetas—c. Sulphate of, Cupri
 sulphas — c.  Ammoniacal  sulphate of, Cuprum
 ammoniatum.                                 1
  COPPERAS, Ferri sulphas — c. White, Zinci
sulpliai.
  COPPER-NOSE. Gutta rosea.
  COPRACRASIA, Scuracrasia.
  COPRACRATIA. Scoracrasla.
  COPRAGO'GUM.  from Konpos, 'faec^,' nn(j
oyai, ' I bring away.'   Stercus I primis vita edn'.
cens.   A cathartic.  The name of a laxative elec-
tuary, mentioned by  Ruland.
  COPRECCRITICUS, Coprocriticus.
  COPREM'ESIS, Coprigm'eaia.  Vom'itua fneK.
len'tua seu ater'coris: same etymon as the next.
Vomiting of faeces.
  COPREM'ETUS,  Coproem'elua, Copri'Sm'ctut,
Merdiv'omua, from Kotrpos, 'excrement,' and eptu
'I vomit.'  One who vomits faeces.—Hippoorutes.
  COPRIEMESIS, Copremesis.
  COPRIEMETUS, Copremetus.
  COPROCRIT'ICCS,  Copreccrit'icua, from <»T-
pes, ' excrement,'  and xpivm, ' I separate.'  A mild
cathartic; an eecoprotic.
   COPROEMETUS,  Copremetus.
   COPROEPTSCHESIS, Constipation.
   COPROLITHUS, see Calculi  of the stomach
and intestines.
   COPROPHORESIS,  Catharsis.
   COPROPHORIA, Catharsis.
   COPRORRHffiA, Diarrhoea.
   COPROS,  Excrement.
   COPROSCLEROMA, Coprosclerosis.
   COPROSCLEllO'SIS.froniKOTrpoj, 'excrement,'
and  oKXnpooi, ' I  harden.'  Induration of fajca!
matters; Coprosclero'ma.
   COPROSTASIS, Constipation.
   COPTE, Copton, from Kotrria, 'I beat or pound.'
A sort of cake, composed of vegetable substances,
which the ancients administered internally, and
applied  to the epigastric region  in the form of
cataplasm.
   COPTIS,  C.  trifo'lia,  Nigel'la, Helleb'orv,
trifo'iiwi, Fibra  au'rea, Chryza flbratlrea, Ane-
mo'ne Gronlan'dica, Gold thread, Mouth root;
from Kotrria,  'to  cut,' in reference to the divided
leaves.  The root of this evergreen—Coptia, (Ph.
 U. S.)—is much used in Massachusetts, in aph-
thous and other ulcerations of the mouth, as  a
local application. It is a pure bitter, and can be
used wherever such  is indicated.
   Coptis Teeta, Miahme Teeta  (Upper Assam),
 Hoitglane (Chinese).  The root  of this plant is
 considered to be a powerful tonic and stomachic.
   COPTON, Copte.
   COPULA,  Ligament—c. Carnalis,  Coition—e.
 Oartilaginea, see Synchondrosis—c. Magna cere-
 bri, Corpus callosum.
   COPULATION, Coition.
   COPYO'PIA,  Copio'pia, Kopyo'pia, Kopin'pia
 Ophthalmocopia,  (¥.)  Laaaitude octtloire, from
 kottos, 'fatigue,'  and  ci>\J>, 'the eye.'  Fatigue of
 vision.   Weakness  of  sight.  Inability  of tht
 eye to sustain continued exertion.
   COQ, Phasianus Gallus—c. des Jardins, Tana-
 eetum.
   CO QUE  DU LEVANT,  «ce Menispermum
 cocculus — c. d'CEuf see  Ovum — c. Levant, see
 Menispermum cocculus.               f
   COQ UELICOT, Papaver rhceas.     *
   COQUELOURDE, Anemone  pulsatilla.
   COQUELUCHE. Influenza. Pertussis.
   COQUENTIA MEDICAMENT'A,  from to-
 quere,^ 'to digest.'  Medicines which were for-
 merly* believed  to be  proper  for favouring the
 coetion or digestion  of  food
   COQUERE T, Phvsalis. '
   COQUETTE, Influenza.
   COQUILLE,  Cochlea—c. d'CEuf, see Ovum.
   COR, a corn.  Also,  Heart —  c. Aorticum, see
, Heart — c. Arteriosum, see Heart — c. Bovinum, 
CORACO
241
CORDOLIUM
Heart, hypertrophy of tht—c Hirsutum, Corvil-
losutn—c. Hispidum, Cor villosum—c. Pulmonale,
see Heart — c. Taurinum, Heart, hypertrophy of
the—c Tomentosum, Cor villosum—c. Venosum,
see neart.
  Cor Villo'sum, C.  tomento''aunt seu  hirau'tum
seu  hiap'idum.   The condition of the heart, at
times, after pericarditis, when it is studded with
projections of fibrinous matter from its surface.
  COR'ACO.   In  composition, appertaining or
relating to the coracoid process.
  CORACOBRACHLEUS, Coracobracbialis.
  COR'ACO-BRA'CHIAL,  Cor'aco-Brachia'lia.
Belonging both to the coracoid process and arm.
  Coraco-Brachia'lis (Muscle),   Coracobrachi-
te'iit, Coraco-humSral—(Ch.), Perfora'tus Casse'-
rii, Perforatus, is  situate at the inner and upper
part of the arm.   It arises  from  the  coracoid
process  of the  scapula, and  is inserted at the
middle part of the inner side of the humerus. It
carries the arm forwards and inwards, raising
the humerus a  little.  It can, also, by acting in-
versely, depress the shoulder.
  CORACO-CLAVIC'ULAR,  Coraco-clavicula'-
ria.  Belonging to the coracoid process and cla-
 ricle.
  Coraco Clavicular Ligament — called, also,
 Omo-clavicular — serves  to unite the clavicle to
 the  coracoid process.   It is very  irregular, and
 formed of two  fasciculi, which the greater  part
 of anatomists have described  as  particular liga-
 ments, under the names Conoid and Trapezoid.
  CORACODES, Coracoid.
  CORACO-HUMERALIS,  Coraco-brachialis—
 c. Hyoideus, Omohyoideus — c. Radialis, Biceps
 flexor cubiti.
  COR'ACOID, Coraco'i'deua,  Coracoi'dea, Cora-
 co'dee, from Kopal-,  KopaKos, 'a  crow,' and  ttios,
 'resemblance.'  (¥.) Coracoide.  Resembling the
 beak of a crow.  A name given by Galen —and
 Btill retained—to the short, thick  process, situate
 at the anterior part of the upper margin of the
 Bcapula, which has some resemblance to the beak
 of a crow.  Proceaa'ua Coraco'i'deua seu uncina'-
 ttts seu  cornicula'ria seu anchora'lia seu roatri-
 form'ia seu ancyroi'dea,  Crow's beak-like process.
 This process gives attachment to  the Coraco-cla-
 vic'ular and Coraco-acro'mial  ligaments, and to
 the  Coraco-brachia'lis,  Pectora'lis  minor,  and
 Biceps muscles.
  Coracoid Lig'ament,  Ligamen'tum coracoV-
 deum, (¥.) L. Coraco'idien.   This  name is given
 to the small  fibrous fasciculus, which  converts
 the notch, at the superior margin  of the scapula,
into a foramen.
  COR AIL,  Coral — c. des  Jardins,  Capsicum
annuum.
  CORAL,  Corallium,  Corallus,  Coura'lium,
Arbor Maris, Azur, Bole'sis, from Koptoi, 'I adorn,'
and 'a>j, 'the sea;' and, according to some, from
Kopn, 'a daughter,' and 'aXs, 'the sea.' (F.) Corail.
One of the most beautiful productions of the deep.
It is fixed to submarine rocks, in the form  of  a
Bhrub, and is of a bright red colour.  It is the
habitation of a multitude of animals, of the Zoo-
phyta order, and is formed of a calcareous sub-
stance, secreted by the  animals themselves.  It
is in very^hard, concentric layers; covered, ex-
ternally, by a  species  of porous  bark, full of
cellules, each  of which  contains one of these
animals.   Linnaeus calls  the red coral, hie nob'-
ilia,  and M. de  Lamarck, Corallium rubrum.  It
is much fished for on the coasts of Barbary and
Smily.   Coral  was formerly esteemed tonic, ab-
sorbent, astringent. Ac.; but analysis has shown,
that it contains only carbonate of  lime  and a lit-
tle gelatin. — Dioscorides, Pliny,   Oribasius, the
Geoponica, Ac    Corallium  album  is  a hard,
white, calcareous, brittle substance, the nidus of
the Mndrep'ora  octda'ta.   It has  been given aa
an absorbent.
  CORALLI'NA.    Diminutive  of  Corallium:
Muacua  morit'imua, Corallina  officina'lis, Brian,
Corallina alba, Sea Cor'alline,  White Worm-weed,
(¥.) Coralline blanche.  The  production  of  an
animal, which belongs to the class Polypi, and
which is found in all the seas of Europe; — par-
ticularly in the  Mediterranean.  It  has the  ap-
pearance of a plant, is  homogeneous, an inch or
two in  height, of a white, reddish,  or greenish
colour, salt taste, and marine smell.   It contains
gelatin, albumen, chloride of sodium, phosphate,
carbonate,  and  sulphate  of lime,  carbonate  of
magnesia,  silica, oxide of iron, and  a  colouring
principle.  It was once  much  used as a vermi-
fuge; but is not now employed.  Dose, 3JSS to 3Ji
in powder.
  Corallina  Corsica'na,  C.  rubra, Helmintho-
chorton,   Helminthochort'um,    Elminthochorton,
Muacua helminthochortoa,  Melithochorton, Muacits
coralllnua seu Muri'nua seu Cor'aicna,  Confer'va
Helminthochortoa,  Spharococ'cua  helminthochor-
toa,  Gigarti'na seu Ploca'ria  seu  Fucua helmin-
thochorton, Corallina melitochorton, Lemithochor-
ton, Cera'mium helminthochort'ua, Corsican Worm-
weed, (¥.) Coralline de  Corse  ou noire,  Mouaee
de Corae.  It is a mixture of several marine plants
and zoophytes, as the fucua, ceramium, ulva, co-
ralline, conferva, Ac, and has gained great repu-
tation for destroying all kinds of intestinal worms,
when given  in  strong decoctit \.   The Geneva
Pharmacopoeia  directs  an  officinal syrup — the
Sirop de Coralline.
   CORALLINE BLANCHE', Corallina — c.  de
Corae,  Corallina Corsicana — c. Nov-e, Corallina
Corsicana.
   CORALLOIDES  FUNGU&, Clavaria  coral-
loides.
   CORALWORT, Clavaria coralloides.
   CORCULUM GERMLNIS, see  Molecule.
  CORD, Funia, Funic'ulna, Chcenoa,  Ohoe'nion,
Xoivos, xoivlov< from the Latin Chorda, which  is
itself derived  from x°piv, 'intestine;' and, after-
wards,  was applied  to musical  cords or strings,
made of the intestines of animals.  See Chorda.
   Cord, Spermatic, see Spermatic cord—c. Um-
bilical, Funiculus  umbilicalis.
   Cords, Vocal,  Corde of Ferrein,  Chorda vo-
ca'lea,  Ch.  Ferre'nii.   A name given to tbe liga-
ments  of the  glottis, which Ferrein compared to
stretched cords, and  to which  he attributed the
production of voice.  See Thyreo-arytenoid Liga-
ment.
   COR DA,  Chorda—c.  Hippocratis, Achillis
tendo — c. Magna, Achillis tendo — c. Spinalis,
Medulla spinalis.
   CORDE DU TAMBOUR,  Chorda tympani
—c. du Tympan, Chorda tympani.
   CORDEE, Chordee.
   CORDIA AFRICANA, Sebestina—c. Domes-
tica, Sebestina—c. Myxa, Sebestina—c Obliqua,
Sebestina—c  Sebestina,  Sebestina-—c Smooth-
leaved, Sebestina.
   COR'DIAL, Cordia'lia,  Cardlacua,  from cor,
cordia, 'the heart.' A tonic or excitant medicine,
judged to  be proper for exciting  the heart.  A
warm stomachic
   Cordial, Godfrey's, see Godfrey's Cordial—c.
Nervous, Brodum's, see Tinctura gentianae com-
posita—c. Sir Walter Raleigh's, Confectio aroma
tica—c Warner's, see Tinctura rhei et sennae.
  CORDIFORM  TENDON   OF THE  DIA-
PHRAGM, Centre, phrenic.
  CORDINE'MA, from xapa,  'the head,' [?] and
itveut, ' I move about.'  Headache, accompanied
with vertigo.  See Carebaria.
  CORDIS EMUNCTORIUM, Axilla.
  CORDOLIUM, Cardialgia. 
CORDON
242
CORN
   CORDON(¥.), Funic'ulua, diminutive of funis, I
'a cord.'  A term applied  to many parts, which
resemble a small cord.
   CORDON NER VEUX, Ramua Nervo'aus.  A
principal division of a nerve, or the nervous trunk
itself.
   CORDON OMBILIGALE, Funiculus umbili-
calis—c. Spermatique, Spermatic chord—c. Testi-
culaire, Spermatic chord.
   CORDONS SUS-PUBIENS,  Round   liga-
ments of the uterus—c. Vasculaires, Round  liga-
ments of the uterus.
   CORDS, see Cord.
   CORE, Pupil, see Furunculus.
   COREC'LISIS, Ankyloc'ore, Atretops'ia,  from
xopn,  'pupil,'  and kXiiui, 'I close.'   Closure or
obliteration of the pupil.
   CORECTOMIA, see Coretomia.
   CORECTOP'IA, from xopn, 'the pupil,' £<t,'out
of,' and ronos, 'place.' Displacement of the pupil.
A condition of the iris in which one segment is
larger than the other; so that the pupil is not in
 the centre.—Von Ammon.
   COREDIALYSIS, see Coretomia.
   CORE'MATA,  from Koptat, ' I cleanse.' Reme-
 dies  proper for cleansing the skin. — Paulus of
 Mgvaa.
   COREMETAMORPHOSIS, Dyscoria.
   COREMORPHO'M A, same etymon as the next.
 A morbid change in  the shape of the pupil.
   COREMORPHO'SIS,   Conforma'tio  pupill'a
 artificia'lis, Cor'eplasty, from xopn,  'the pupil,'
 and  poptpioois, 'formation.'   The operation for
 artificial pupil.   See Coretomia.
   CORENCLEI'SIS, from Kopn, 'the pupil,' and
 tyKXttu,  'to  include.'   Operation  for artificial
 pupil, which consists in drawing out, through an
 incision in the cornea, a portion of the iris, and
 cutting it off.
   COREON'CION, Coron'cion, Coreon'cium, from
 xopn, 'the pupil,' and oyxivos, 'a small hook.' An
 instrument, used for the formation of artificial
 pupil by Langenbeck.  It is hooked  at its ex-
 tremity.   A double-hooked forceps,  used by Von
 Gr'afe, is similarly named.
    COREOP'SIS  TRICHOSPER'MA,  Tickweed
 sunflower, Tickseed  sunflower; from  Kopts, 'the
 bug,' and otpis,  'resemblance.'   An  indigenous
 plant, of the Composite Family, with large golden
 yellow rays, which flowers in September.   It is
 said to have been used as an alterative.'
    COREPLASTY, Coremorphosis.
    CORETODIALYSIS, see Coretomia.
    CORETOMEDIALYSIS, see Coretodialysis.
    CORETOM'IA, from  Kopn,  'the pupil,'  and
 rtpvtiv, 'to cut.'  Iridotom'ia, Coretotom'ia, Coro-
 tom'ia, Iridectom'ia,  Coretonectom'ia, Corectom'ia,
 Iridodialysis, Corodial'ysis, Coredialysis,   Core-
  todialysis,  Coretomedial'ysis, Iridotomedial'ysis.
  Iridectomedialyaia.  Various  operations for the
 formation of  artificial  pupil are so termed.   The
  first four signify the simple incision of the iris
  for that purpose; the next three, excision  of the
  iris, or incision with loss  of substance; the next
  four the simple  separation or tearing asunder of
  the iris from the ciliary  ligament; the next two
:  such separation with incision of the iris; and the
\  last such separation with excision of the part of
  the iris detached.   When a portion of the iris is
'  left strangulated ill the wound, it is termed Iri-
  denclei'aia, Iridencleia'mua, and Iridotenclei'sie.
    CORETONECTOMIA, see Coretomia.
    CORETOTOMIA, Coretomia.
    OORIAN'DER, from xopn, 'the bug:' the smell
  of the fresh  herb resembling that of the bug. [?]
  Coriandrum sativum.
    CORIANDRUM  CICUTA,  Cicuta virosa—c.
  Maculatum, Conium maculatum.
    Corian'drum  Sati'vuk,  Corian'der,  Corian'-
non, (¥.) Coriandre.  Family, Umbellifera. ,?«*.
Syst. Pentandria Digynia.  The seeds of the co-
riander— Corian'drum (Ph. U.S.), Coriannon —
have an aromatic odour, and grateful, pungent
taste.  They are carminative,  but are chiefly
used to  cover the taste of other medicines.
  CORIANNON, Coriandrum sativum.
  CORIGEEN, Fucus crispus.
  CORIITIS, Cytitis.
  CORINTHIAC^E, see  Vitis Corinthiaca.
  CORION, Corium, Hypericum perforatum.
  CORIS, Cimex—e. Monspeliensis, Symphytum
Petraeum.
  CO'RIUM,  Corion, (¥.) Cuir.   The  skin of
animals is  so called, especially  when  tanned.
The cutis vera, or the thickest part of the human
skin.
  Corium Phlogis'ticum,  Cruata pleuret'ica sen
inflammato'ria seu phlogie'tica,  Pegmin, Inflam'.
matory  Cruet  or Buff, Buffy Coat, (¥.) Couenne,
 C.  PleurStique,  C.  Inflammatoire.  The  grayish
crust or buff, varying in thickness, observed on
blood drawn from a vein during the existence of
violent inflammation, pregnancy,  Ac.  It is par-
ticularly manifest in pleurisy, and  hence one of
its names.  For its production, it appears to be
requisite, that there should be an increase in tbe
 proportion of the fibrinous element of the blood
 over that of  the red  corpuscles,  with increased
 aggregation  of those corpuscles. Under such
 circumstances, the buffy coat assumes a concave
 appearance on its upper  surface, and the blood is,
 therefore, said to be cupped.
   The  buff is generally believed to consist of
 fibrin ; but, according to the  researches of Mul-
 der, it  is  composed of a binoxide of protein, which
 is insoluble in boiling water, and a  tritoxide which
 is  soluble.   These oxides are comprehended by
 him under the name oxyprotein.
   When the blood presents the above appearance,
 it is said to be buffy.
   CORK, Suber.
    CORMIER, Sorbus domestica.
   CORMUS.  In botany, when  the  stem of a
 plant,  without creeping or rooting, is distended
 under  ground, retaining a round  or oval form, it
 is  so called.   The Cormus is vulgarly termed a
 root,—radix.
   CORN, (Saxon  conn,)  (G.) Kern.  In Eng-
 land,  this word means the  Cerealia,  or  those
 seeds,  which  grow in ears, not in pods.  In the
 United States,  t7orn always  means Indian Corn.
 Its English sense corresponds to  the French Bli
 or Bled.
    Corn,  Clavua, Clavus  Pedis, Ecphy'ma damn,
 Gemur'sa, (¥.)  Cor, Ognon, from cornu, 'a horn.'
 A small, hard,  corneous tumour, which  forms
 upon the foot, generally on the toes; and is com-
 monly produced on the  most projecting parts, by
 the pressure of too tight shoes.   A  part of the
 corn is raised above the skin, and forms a round
 tumour, like  the head  of a nail:  the  other por-
 tion, which serves as its base, is  buried more or
 less deeply in the integuments, and occasionally
 extends  as far as the tendons and  periosteum.
 Corns  may, sometimes, be removed, by immers-
 ing the feet  in warm water, but  commonly they i
 return.  They can, likewise, be destroyed by tbe I
 knife  or caustic, or by paring them down and,
 pulling them out by the roots; but these opera-
 tions are not always as  simple as they seem. I"
 the way of palliation,  they must be constantly
 pared; and,  for the purpose of preventing piw-
 sure, any soft plaster, spread upon linen or leathWj
 may be applied, with a  hole in the centre to re-
 ceive the corn ;  and layer after layer of piaster
 be added, until they attain the level of the com.
 When very  irritable, the lunar  caustic, rubbed
 over the surface, will generally diminish irriubi- 
CORNALINE            2
 lity surprisingly, and in a mode not easy of ex-
 planation.
   Corn, Zea mays.
   Corn Cockle, Lychnis githago.
   Corn, Guinea, Panicum  I tali cum—c. Indian,
 Zea mays—c Wild, Matricaria chamomilla.
   Corn  Flag, Gladiolus vulgaris — c.  Flower,
 Centaurea cyanus—c. Salad, Valeriana dentata.
   Corn, Squirrel, Dicentra Canadensis.
   CORNALINE,  Cornelian.
   CORNE, Cornu—c. d'Amnion, Cornu ammonis
 —c. de BSlier, Cornu ammonis—c. de Cerf, Cer-
 vus, Cornu  cervi,  Cochlearia  coronopus — c. de
 Chamois, Cornu rupicaprae — c. Deecendante ou
 infSrieun du ventricule latSral, Cornu descendens
 ventriculi lateralis — c.  de  la  Peau, Cornu — c.
 PostSrieure du ventricule latSral, Cornu posterius
 seu posticum ventriculi lateralis.
   CORNE, Corneous.
   COR'NEA, C. tranapa'rens  seu pellu'cida seu
 lu'cida, Ceraa, Sclerotica ceratoVdea, Ceratdi'dea
 seu Cerato'des membra'na,  Ceratome'ninx, Mem-
 bra'na  cornea; from  cornu, 'horn.'  The trans-
 parent  cornea.   (¥.)  CornSe.  One of the coats
 of the eye, so called because it has some resem-
 blance to horn.  It is termed transparent to dis-
 tinguish it from the  opake — Cornea opa'ca or
 Sclerotic.  It is convex, anteriorly;  concave,
 posteriorly; forming nearly one-fifth of  the an-
 terior part of the eye, and representing a segment
 of a sphere  about  seven lines and a half, or in.
 0-625 in diameter.  It seems to be constituted of
 laminae in superposition, but of the precise num-
 ber anatomists are  not agreed.   Henle assigns  it
 four; the third, a very solid cartilaginous lamella,
 being called Membrane de Demours or M. de Des-
 cemet:  see Aqueous humour.   Messrs. Todd and
 Bowman assign it five layers.
   Cornea, Conical, Staphyloma of the cornea—
 c. Opake, Caligo—c Opaca,  Sclerotic—c Sugar-
 loaf, Staphyloma of the  cornea.
   CORNEE, Cornea.
   CORNEITIS,  Ceratitis.
   CORNEL, ALTERNATE-LEAVED,   Cornus
 alternifolia—c. American Red-rod, Cornus sericea
 —c. Large-flow.ered, Cornus Florida—c. Panicled,
 Cornus paniculata—c Round-leaved, Cornus cir-
 cinata—c. White, Cornus paniculata.
   CORNE'LIAN,   Came'lian,  Chalcedo'nitte,
 Carntfolua, Lapis Carne'olua, Corne'lua,Corne'olua,
 LapisSard'iua, (¥.) Cornaline.  A precious, semi-
 transparent stone, found in  Sardinia.   The an-
 cients ascribed to it a number of  absurd properties.
   CORNELUS. Cornelian.
   CORNEOLUS, Cornelian.
   COR'NEOUS,  Cor'neua,  Horny, (¥.)  CornS,
 from cornu, 'a horn.'   Having  the nature or ap-
 pearance of horn.
  Corneous Tissue,  Tela cor'nea, is that which
 forms the nails.   The  comeoua  membrane is the
 cornea.
  CORNES DU CARTILAGE THYROlDE,
 Cornuacartilaginis thyroideae—c. du Coccyx, Cor-
 nua coccygis—c. de I'Hyoide, Cornua hyoidei ossis.
  CORNES DE LIMAgON(¥.), Snail'a Horns.
 A name given by Anel to the lachrymal  puncta
 and ducts.
  CORNES  DE LA  MATRICE, Cornua uteri
 —c. de lit Peau, Horny excrescences.
  CORNESTA, Retort.
  CORNET ACOUSTIQUE,  Ear-trumpet — c.
Moyen, Turbinated bone, middle—c. de Morgagni,
Turbinated bone, superior.                      |
  CORNETS,  Turbinated bones—c. de  Bertin, I
Sphenoidal cornua—c. SphSnoidaux, Sphenoidal
oornua.
  CORNICHON, see  Cucumis sativus—c.  de
Cerf, Cornu cervi.
3                 CORNU
    CORNICULARIS   PROCESSUS,  Coracoid
 process.
    CORNICULUM, diminutive of cornu, 'a horn.'
 'a little horn.'   A species of cupping instrument,
 shaped like a trumpet, having a hole at the top
 for sucking the air out, to diminish the pressure
 in its interior.—Scultetus, Hildanus.
    Corniculum Laryn'gis, Capit'ulum Santori'ni
 seu Laryn'gis seu  Cartilag"inis aryteno'idea, Su-
 pra-arytenoid Car'tilage, Car'tilage of Santorini.
 A small,  very movable,  cartilaginous  tubercle,
 found on the arytenoid cartilages.
    CORNIER, Cornus Florida.
    CORNIFICATION, Racornissement.
    CORNINE, see Cornus Florida.
    CORNOUILLER,  Cornus Florida—< &
 Feuilles arrondies, Cornus circinata—cvd Grandee
 fleurs, Cornus Florida—c. Soyeux, Cornus sericea.
    CORNU, Ceras,  Corn, Horn.  (¥.) Come.  A
 conical,  hard,  epidermous  projection,  which
 grows on  the heads of certain animals, serving
 them as a weapon of offence and defence.  Ana-
 tomists have  given this name to parts of the hu-
 man body, which have nearly the same shape as
 the horns of  animals.
    Cornu.  A horny excrescence; a corneous wart,
 which occasionally forms on the skin, and requires
 the use of the knife ; (F.) Come de la Peau.—See
 Corn.  Also,  Cornu Cervi. — See Cervus.  Also,
 a Retort.
    Cornu Acusticum, Ear-trumpet.
    Cornu  Ammo'nis,  C.  Arie'tia, Hippocam'pus
 major, Pes hippocam'pi major, Pes Hippopot'ami
 major, Protuberan'tia cylind'rica,  Vermis Bom-
 byc"inus, Proces'sus cer'ebri latera'lis, (¥.) Come
 d'Ammon  ou de BSlier,  Grande  Hippocampe,
 Pied de cheval marin, ProtubSrance cylindrolde
 (Ch.),  Bourrelet roulS.   A  broad,  considerable
 eminence, curved  on itself, and situate  at  tbe
 posterior part of the lateral ventricle.  Its  sur-
 face presents two  or  three tubercles  separated
 from each  other by shallow grooves.
   The Accesso'rius Pedia  Hippocamp'i, (¥.) Ac-
 ceaaoire du pied d'hippocampe, is a prominence,
 usually formed by the base of the inferior cornu
 of the lateral  ventricle of the brain.  It is merely
 a fold of the hemisphere, and was by  Malacarne
 called Cuieaart ou Armure dea Jambea.
   Cornu Anterius seu  Anti'cum Ventric'uli
 Latera'lis; Anterior Cornu of the Lai era! Ven'-
 tricle.  The portion of the lateral ventriele of the
 brain, which is lodged in  the middle of the lobe,
 and forms the commencement of that cavity.
   Cornu  Cervi,  Cornu,  C.  Cervi'num,  Cervi
 El'aphi Cornu, Hartahorn, (¥.) Come de cerf,
 Boia de cerf,  Cornichon de cerf. The  horns of
 various species of the stag. They contain about
 27 per cent of gelatin.   The Shavinga, Rospo-
 tu'ra seu Ras'ura  Cornu  Qervi, C. C. raapa'tum,
 boiled  in water, have, consequently,  been  es-
 teemed emollient and nutritive.
   Hartahorn Jelly may be made as follows:__
 Hartahorn  shavings, gvj ;  boil  in water  Oiv to
 Oij; strain, and add, whilst hot, of lemon-juice,
 two tablespoonfuls; white sugar, %vj ; and Sherry
 wine, two glasses.  A good nutriment for the sick,
 where wine is  not improper.
   When burnt, the  shavings constitute  the Cornu
 cervi calcina'tum, Cornu ustum, Phosphas Calcis,
 Calca'ria phosphor'ica, (F.) Comede cerf calcinSe,
 Phosphate de  chaux, which consists  of 57'5  per
 cent, of phosphate of lime.  It has been used as
 an antacid, but is wholly inert, as its composition
 would indicate.  It contains only 1 per cent, of
 carbonate of lime.
  Phosphate of lime has also been given in osteo-
malacia, from a presumption that the disease is
owing to a  deficiency of earthy matter in  the 
CORNUA               244               CORONARY
blood, which is doubtless an error—the fault being |
in the agents of assimilation or the cells  of nu-
trition.  With as little propriety, it has been pro-
posed as an excitant to the healthy action of the
cells in tuberculosis.
  Bone earth is usually sold in the shops for burnt
hartshorn.
  The Dublin Pharmacopoeia has  a Calcis phos-
phas pracipita'turn, prepared by dissolving burnt
ox bones in muriatic acid, and precipitating by
solution  of ammonia.   The  dried  precipitate,
called bone phosphate of lime, has  no virtues not
possessed by the cornu ustum.
  Hartshorn was once supposed to possess ft, be-
zoardic  power.
   Cornu Cervinum, Cervus,  Plantago  corono-
pus.
  Cornu Descen'dens Ventric'uli Latera'lis,
(F.) Come descendante ou iufSrieure du ventricule
latSral, Dig"ital Gav'ity, Descending or  inferior
cornu of the lateral ventricle.  The  termination
of the lateral ventricle in the middle lobe of the
brain, behind the fissure of Sylvius.
   Cornu Ethmoidal, Turbinated bone, middle—
c. Middle, Turbinated bone, middle.
   Cornu Poste'rius seu Posti'cum Ventric'uli
Latera'lis, Cavitas digita'ta, Posterior  Cornu
of the Lateral Ventricle, (¥.)  Come postSrieure
du ventricule latSral.  The triangular prolonga-
tion of  the lateral ventricle of  the brain into the
substance of the occipital lobe.
   Cornu Rupica'pr^e,  (F.) Come de Chamois.
The horn of the chamois.  It has the same pro-
perties  as the Cornu Cervi.
   CORNUA, Turbinated bones.
   Cornua Cartilag"inis Th yroide*, (F.) Cornea
du Cartilage thyro'ide. Eminences on the thyroid
cartilage,  distinguished  into  great  or auperior,
which are articulated with the  great cornu of the
os hyoides; — and  into  email or  inferior, united
with the cricoid cartilage.
   CORNUA Coccy'giS, Cornua of  the Coccyx, (¥.)
 Cornea  du  Coccyx.  Two small, tubercular emi-
nences   at  the  base of  the coccyx,  which are
articulated with those of the sacrum.
   Cornua Cutanea, Horny excrescences.
   Cornua Hyoidei Ossis, Radi'cea oasis hyol'dei,
 Cornua of the  Hyoid  Bone, (¥.)  Comes  de
 I'hyoide.   Four fragments of the  os  hyoides,
 situate above the  body of  the bone, and distin-
 guished into the small  or superior, and the great
 or lateral.
   Cornua Lacrymalia, Lachrymal  ducts — c.
 Limacum,  Lachrymal   ducts,  see   Lachrymal
 pun eta.
   Cornua Sacra'lta,  Cornua  of  the  Sacrum.
 Two tubercles, situate  at the  posterior and  in-
 ferior  surface of the sacrum, which are some-
 times united.
   Cornua, Sphenoidal, see Sphenoidalia cornua
 —c. Styloid, see Hyoides, os.
   Cornua U'teri, Cornua of the XT term, Ckraa,
 Ktpatat, Plec'tana, (¥.) Comes de la Matrice. The
 angles of the uterus, where the  Fallopian tubes
 arise.  Sometimes applied to the Fallopian tubes
 themselves.
    CORNUE, Retort—c. TubulSe, see Retort.
    CORNUMUSA. Retort.
   CORNUS ALTERNIFO'LIA, Alternate-leaved
  Cornel; indigenous.  Nat.  Ord. Cornaceae.  The
 bark is one  of the  " Shaker  medicines," being
 considered diaphoretic and astringent.
    Cornus  Amomus,  C.  sericea — c. Blueberried,
  C. sericea.
    Cornus  Circina'ta,  0. tomento'sa,  Round-
  leaved Cornel or Dogwood, (¥.) Cornouiller dfeu-
 illes arrondies.  Order, Cornaceae.  The bark of
  tfii? variety* has been used for similar  purposes
  with the next.
  Cornus Flor'ida, Dogwood,  Dogtree, Bo. trff,
Bitter Redberry,Large-floweredCornd,MoleQr,nt.
flowered Dogwood, Florida Dogwood,  Virginian
Dogwood, Boxwood (New  England),  (¥.) Cor-
nouiller, Cornier, C. d grandee fleurs.  The bark
of this beautiful tree, which grows, everywhere in
tbe United States, has bee.n long employed as  a
substitute for cinchona.  Dose, from  r^ss to Jj.
Its  active principle  has  been separated from it,
and received the name of Cornine.
  Cornus Femina,  C. sericea—c. Mas odorata,
Laurus sassafras.
  Cornus Panicula'ta, Pan'icled or White Cor-
nel or Dogwood, indigenous, has been  used as  a
substitute for Cornus Florida.
  Cornus Rubiginosa, C. sericea—c. Sanguinea,
Sebestina, C. sericea.
  Cornus Seri'cea, C. amo'mus seu fe'mina seu
rubigino'sa   seu  Sanguin'ea, Swamp  Dogwood,
Red  Willow, Rose  Willow,  New  England Don-
wood, Female  Dogwood, Silky-leaved  Dogwood,
American Red-rod  Cornel, Red-rod, Red  O'eitr,
Blueberried  Dogwood,  Blueberried  Cornus, (P.)
Cornouiller  soyeux.  The  bark, it  is  said, has
been  found little inferior to Cinchona Pallida ia
intermittents.—Barton.
   Cornus Tomentosa, C. circinata.
   CORNUTA, Retort.
   CORODIALYSIS, see Coretomia.
   COROLLA   INFUNDIBULIFORMIS,  see
Tube, Fallopian.
   CORONA, Crown — c. Ciliaris, Ciliary body—
c. Dentis, Crown  of a tooth — c. Glandis,  Crown
of  the glans—c.  Posterior  ulnae, Olecranon.
   Coro'na  Ra'dians, Ra'diating Crown of Reil.
Fasciculi of white fibres radiate in all directions
from every part of the surface  of the optic thala-
mus, excepting its inner side, which is free and
corresponds to the third ventricle; the anterior
of  these fibres pass directly forwards, the  middle
fibres  outwards,  and  the posterior backward!,
forming the coro'na ra'dians.
   Corona Regia, Trifolium melilotus—e. Uln»,
 Olecranon—c Veneris.  Crown of Venus.
   CORONA CILIARIS MEMBRANULA, Cili-
ary zone—c. Palpebrarum, see Tarsus.
   CORONAD, see Coronal Aspect.
   CORO'NAL, Corona'lia, Corona'riua. Relating
 to  the crown ; from corona, ' a crown.' A name
formerly given to the frontal bone, because on it
 partly reposes the crown of  kings.
   Coronal  Aspect.   An  aspect  towards the
plane of the corona or crown of the bead.   Coro-
 nad  is used adverbially to  signify 'towards the
 coronal aspect.'—Barclay.
   Coronal Suture, Sutu'ra corona'lia, S. Pronto-
 parietellia,  Puppia Sutu'ra, S. Arcna'lis. The
 suture of the head, whieh extends from one tem-
 poral bone  to the other,  over the  croum of the
 head, and  unites the  parietal  bones with the
 frontal.  The  Suture  Coronale of the  French
 anatomists is  tbe suture  which unites the two
 halves of the os frontis  at the early period of life.
 It is a prolongation of the sagittal.
   CORONALE,  MINERAL WATERS OF.   I
 These  waters  are  found  near Lucca, in Italy.
 They received their  name from an erroneous
 notion, that they  are  particularly adapted for
 curing diseases of the os  frontis.   Their tempe-
 rature is 95°  Fahrenheit.   They  contain free
 carbonic acid, sulphates of lime and magnesia,
 chlorides  of sodium  and magnesium, Ac, and
 some iron.
    CORONARIUS, Coronal.
    COR'ONARY,  Corona'riua,  (P.)  Coronal
 from corona, ' a crown.'  Resembling a crown.
    Cor'onary  Artery of the Stomach,  Arts'rie
  Corona'ria  Ventric'uli seu Gas'trica aujte'rior,
  (¥.) Artlre  coronaire stomachiaue. A. Stomoja*' 
CORONCION              245        CORPORA  STRIATA
trique (Ch.), is one of the branches of the coeliac,
which passes towards the superior orifice of the
stomach, extends along its lesser curvature, and
ends by anastomosing with  the pyloric branch
of the hepatic  This artery furnishes  branches
to the inferior part of the oesophagus, the cardiac
orifice, tbe great cul-de-aac,  the middle part  of
the  stomach, the lesser omentum, and anasto-
moses with the other arteries of those organs.
  Coronary Ligament of the liver is a  reflection
of the peritoneum, which surrounds the posterior
margin of the liver.   The same term is likewise
applied to ligaments which unite the radius and
ulna.
  Coronary Plexus of the Heart.  The ante-
rior and poaterior coronary plexusea  of  the heart
are  derived from the anterior and posterior car-
diac plexuses.  See Cardiac Plexus.
  Coronary Plexus of the Stomach.   This
plexus of nerves is given off from the upper part
of the solar plexus.
  Coronary Sinus of the  Heart,  Sinus, coro-
nary, venous — c. Sinus of Ridley, Sinus corona-
rius.
  Coronary  Tendons,  Ten'dinea   corona'ria.
The fibro-cartilaginous rings  at the orifices of the
coronary arteries and aorta.
  Coronary Vein of the Stomach,  Vena Coro-
na'ria  Ventric'uli, accompanies the artery, and
terminates in the vena porta.  Sommering, and
some other anatomists,  call all the four arteries
of the stomach  Corona'ria Stomach'ica.
  CORONCION, Coreoncion.
  CORO'NE, from  optovn, ' a crow.'  The coro-
noid process of the lower jaw.
  COR'ONOID,  Corono'i'dea,  from  xopuivn,  ' a
crow,'  and ttios, 'shape,' 'resemblance.'  Re-
sembling the  beak of a crow.   The name  has
been given to two proceaaea.  One, situate at the
anterior and superior part of  the ramus of the os
maxillare inferius, and affording attachment to
the temporal  muscles: the  other,  called,  also,
tharp process, situate at the superior part of the
utaa,  anterior  to the great  sigmoid fossa, and
forming a part of the hinge of the elbow-joint.
  CORONOPODIUM, Plantago coronopus.
  CORONOPUS, Cochlearia  coronopus — c. De-
pressus, Cochlearia coronopus—c Ruellii, Coch-
learia coronopus — c. Vulgaris, Cochlearia coro-
nopus.
  C0R0TOMIA, Coretomia.
  CORP, Cadaver.
  CORPORA, see Corpus — c. Albicantia, Mam-
millary tubercles.
  Corpora Amyla'cea, Corpua'cula amyla'cea,
Amyla'ceoueor Am'yloid bodiea, Starch eor'pusclea,
Animal starch.  A  name  given by  Virchow to
certain bodies  of microscopic size, found chiefly
in the  human brain and spinal marrow — in the
ependyma ventriculorum and its prolongations —
mingled with the proper nerve  elements; and
having most of the chemical  characters of cellu-
lose.
  Corpora Arantii, Noduli Arantii, Tubereula
A—c Bigemina, Quadrigemina corpora—c. Can-
dicantia,  Albicantia  corpora, Mammillary tuber-
cles—c Cavernosa, Cavernous bodies—c. Fibrosa,
Corps Fibreux.
  Cor'pora  Fimbria'ta,  Ta'nia  Hippocam'pi,
Fimbriated or fringed bodiea, (¥.) Corpa Frangea
ou BordSa, Bnndelettea dea Cornea d'Ammon, Ban-
dtlette de I'Hippocampe.  The thin, flattened, and
very delicate band, situate along the concave edge
of the cornu ammonis,  which is  a continuation
of the posterior crura of the fornix.
  Corpora Genicula'ta, (F.)  Corpa GSniculSs,
C. gSnouillSa.   Eminences situate at the lower
md  outer part of the optic thalami.   Each oofic
tract  commences at the corp'ua genicula'tum ex-
tem'um.   The corpua genicula'tum intern'inn ia
merely a tubercle inserted into the bend or knee,
formed by the corpus geniculatum externum.
  Corpora  Globosa  Cervicis  Uteri, Nabothi
glandulae—c Lutea, see Corpus luteum.
  Corpora  Mai.pighia'na, Malpig'hian Bodiea,
Ac"ini, Cor'puaclea or Glom'erulea of Malpig'hi,
Glomer'uli rena'lee, Corpua'cula Malpig'hii. Scat-
tered through the plexus  formed by the blood-
vessels and uriniferous tubes in  the  kidney, a
number of small dark points may be  seen  with
the naked eye, which  received their name  from
Malpighi, their describer.  Each  of these, under
the microscope, is found to consist of a  convo-
luted mass  of blood-vessels,  which  constitutes
the true glandule, corpuecle, or glomerule of Mal-
pighi.  It was  at one time supposed that the
tubuli uriniferi  originate in them ; but this  does
not appear to be the case.  Their use is not posi-
tively known, but as they  have been  traced by
Mr. Bowman into the commencement of tbe uri-
nary  tubes,  in which they lie uncovered, it has
been  supposed that  their office may be to sepa-
rate the watery portions of the blood to be mixed
with the proper  urinous matter.
  Corpora   Mammii.laria, Mammillary  tuber-
cles— c. Nervio-spongiosa  Penis, Corpora caver-
nosa—c Nervosa, Corpora cavernosa.
  Corpora  Oliva'ria, C. ova'ta,Eminen'tia OH-
va'rea seu ova'lealatera'lea, Oli'va, Prominentia
Semiova'lee  Medulla Oblonga'ta, (Eminences la-
tSralea, Ch.)   Oblong,  whitish eminences,  situate
at the occipital surface of the medulla oblongata,
exterior to the corpora pyramidalia.
  Corpora  Ovata, Corpora  olivaria—c. Pisifor-
mia, Mammillary tubercles.
  Corpora  Pyramipa'lia, Eminen'tia pyrami-
da'lea seu media'tia inter1 na,  Pyra'mides,  (¥.)
Corps pyramidaux, Pyramides antSrieures (Gall1
Eminences  pyramidales  (Ch.)   Two  medullary
bundles, placed on either side of- the anterior fis-
sure.   These bodies have  also been called  Cor-
pora  Pyramidalia  antica, to distinguish them
from  the  C. olivaria, which have been  called
Corpora Pyramidalia latera'lia.
  Over a space,  commencing 8 or 10 lines below
the pons and  extending  to the lower end  of the
medulla oblongata, a  portion of  each pyramid
crosses to the opposite side — decussation of the
pyramids, Decnssa'tio pyram'idum.
  Corpora  Pyramidalia  Posteriora, see  Cor-
pora restiformia—c Pyramidalia testis, Coni vas-
culosis-c Quadrigemina, Q.  terbercula.
  Corpora  Restifor'mia, Crura seu Pedun'culi
medulla oblonga'ta,  Corpora pyramidalia  poa-
terio'ra, Procee'aua d cerebello ad medullam ob-
longa'tam, Poaterior pyramida, Ped'unclea of the
medulla oblonga'ta,  Inferior pedunclea  of the
cerebellum, (¥.)  Corpa reatiformea, Cuiaaea  poa-
tSrieurea, Pyramidea poatSriettrea,  Racinea, Braa
ou  Jambea  du  cervelet,  PStitea branchea de la
moelle allongSe,  Pedoncules  du  cervelet.    Two
medullary projections, oblong, and of  a  whitish
appearance,  which proceed from each  side of the
upper extremity of the medulla oblongata,  and
contribute to  the formation  of  the cerebellum.
The poaterior pyramida—fascic'uli gra"ciles—
are described as distinct from the restiform bodies.
They  are situate in contact with each other, one
on each side of the posterior median fissure. They
become closely applied to  the restiform  bodies,
and have  been  considered  to be blended  with
them, and  to proceed to form the cerebellum.
According to some, they ascend to the cerebrum.
  Corpora Stria'ta, Grand ganglion  supSrieur
du cerveau((3 all). Couches des nerfa ethmoi'dau.r,
Corps canneles, Eminen'tia  Lentieula'res, Collic'-
vli Y"—' Ethmoida'lis, Ap'ices Crurum medulla 
CORPS
246
CORPUS  MUCOSUM
oblonga'ta, Gan'glion cer'ebi ante'rius,  Anterior
cerebral ganglion, (¥.)  Corps striSs.   Pyriforni
eminences  of a  slightly  brownish-gray colour,
which form part of the floor of the lateral ventri-
cles  of the brain.  When cut, a mixture of gray
and  white substance  is  seen,  arranged  alter-
nately, to which they owe their name.  The tract
of fibres that ascends from the anterior pyramids
passes chiefly into them.  Willis considered that
the soul resided there.
  Corpora Striata Superna Posteriora, Tha-
lami nervorum opticorum — c. Triticea, see Hy-
oides os—c.  Wolffiana, see Corpus Wolffianum.
  CORPS, Body—c. BordSs, Corpora fimbriata
—c.  Calleux, Corpus callosum—c. GannelSs, Cor-
pora striata—c. Caverneux, Corpora cavernosa—
c. CendrS, Corpus dentatum—c. Ciliaire, Corpus
dentatum — c.  DentelS,  Corpus  dentatum — c.
Etranger, Extraneous body—c. FestonnS, Corpus
dentatum.
  CORPS FIBRE UX, Corpora Fibro'sa.  Bayle
has  given  this name to adventitious fibrous pro-
ductions of a round shape, more or less adherent,
and  sometimes having a  pedicle, which form in
certain parts of the body, particularly in the sub-
stance of the uterus.
   CORPS  FOLLICULAIRE VAGIN ALE,
Cowper's glands  in  the female—c. FrangSs, Cor-
pora fimbriata — c. GSnicules,  Corpora genicu-
lata — c.  GenouillSs,   Corpora  geniculata — c.
GodronnS,  Fascia  dentata — c. Humain,  see
Body—c. Hyalo'ide, Corpus vitreum — c. d'Hyg-
tnore ou d'Highmore, Corpus Highmori—c. Jaune,
Corpus luteum—c. Muqueux, Corpus mucosum—
c. d'Oken, Corpus Wolffianum—c. OrganisSs,  Or-
ganized  bodies—c.  Pampiniforme, Corpus  pam-
piniforme—c. Phacoide, Crystalline—c. Pyrami-
daux, Corpora pyramidalia—c.  Restiformes, Cor-
pora restiformia—c. Rhombdide, Corpus dentatum
—c. StriSs, Corpora striata—c. Thyroide, Thyroid
gland — c.  Variciforme,  Epididymis — c.   Vari-
queux,  Corpus pampiniforme,   Epididymis—c.
 VitrS,  Corpus  vitreum — c. de  Wolff,  Corpus
Wolffianum.
   CORPSE, Cadaver.
   CORP'CLENT, Corpulen'tue, Obe'sue, Crassue,
Fat, Fleshy, (Sc.) Corssy, (Prov.) Sobby; from
corpua, ' the body,'  and lentua,  ' thick.'  Having
an unusual development of fat or flesh in propor-
tion to the frame of the body.
   CORPULENTIA, Cor'pulence, is synonymous
with Obesity and Polysarcia.
   Corpulentia Carnosa, Torositas.
   CORPUS, Soma, a Body.  Any object  which
strikes one or more of our senses.  Gases, liquids,
metals, vegetables, animals, are so many bodies.
Natural  bodies have  been divided  into animal,
vegetable, and  mineral; or into inorganic, includ-
ing  the mineral kingdom; and organised, includ-
ing  the animal and vegetable.   The chief differ-
ences  between organized and  inorganic  bodies
 consists in the former  having an origin by gene-
ration,  growth by nutrition, and termination by
death ;  the  latter a fortuitous  origin,  external
growth, and a termination by chemical or mecha-
nical force.
   Many parts  of the  frame have, also, been dis-
tinguished by  this name, as Corpus Callosum, C.
 Mucosum, Ac   See Body.
   Corpus Adeniforme,  Prostate—c. Adenoides,
 Prostate — c. Adiposum,  Pinguedo — c. Alienum,
 Extraneous—c. Annulare, Pons varolii.
   Corpus Callo'sum, Commissu'ra Magna  seu
 tnax'ima cer'ebri, Trabs Medulla'ris seu Cer'ebri,
 Trabec'ula seu Cop'ula magna cer'ebri, (¥.) Corpe
 Calleux,  Voute  mSdullaire,  Plafond des ventri-
 cules du cerveau, MSsolobe (Ch.)  A-white, me-
 dullary  band, perceived  on separating the two
 hemispheres of the  brain, which it connects with
each other.  La Peyronie regarded it as the seat
of the soul.   On it  are  seen longitudinal and
transverse fibres—Stria longitudina'les Lands'ii,
(see Raphe,) and Stria seu Cher'da tranever'inlet
Willia'ii,   The  anterior portion,  which bends
downwards, is termed genu ; the posterior flexure,
sple'nittm, tuber, (¥.), bourrelet.  The fibres which
curve backwards into the  posterior lobes from
the posterior border of the corpus callosum, have
been termed Forceps; those which pass directly
outwards into the  middle lobes from the same
point,  Tape'turn;  and those which curve  for-
wards and inwards from the anterior border to
the anterior lobe, forceps  anterior.
   Corpus Ciliare, Ciliary Body, Corpus denta-
turn, see Ciliary—c. Cinereum, Corpus dentatum
—c. Conoides, Pineal gland — c  Crystalloides,
Crystalline.
   Corpus Denta'tum, C. Denticula'tum seu Cili-
a're, (F.) Corps dentelS ou festonni.  A central,
oval nucleus,  of cineritious substance, met with
in  the cerebellum; the  circumference of which
exhibits  a number of indentations, surrounded hy
medullary  substance.—Vicq  d'Azyr.  It is seen
by dividing the cerebellum vertically  into two
equal  parts. — The same body has been called
 Corps cendrS  ou ciliaire ou  rhomboide, Corpus
 Cine'reum  seu Rhomboideum seu Rhomboida'li,
 Ganglion du cervelet, Noyau  central des PSdon.
cules du cervelet, Nucleus dentatus sen fimbriu'tui
seu centra'lis seu rhomboida'lis, Subatan'tiarhom-
boidea,  Gan'glion  cilia're,  G.  cerebelli.   The
term Corpus  dentatum,  Nu'cleue oli'va, is  also
 given to the ganglion of the corpus olivare, which,
 like that of  the cerebellum, is a yellowish-gray
 dentated capsule,  open  behind, and containing
 medullary matter, from which  a fasciculus of
 fibres proceeds upwards to the  corpora quadri-
 gemina and thalami  optici.
   Corpus Denticulatum, c.  Dentatum — c. Dis-
 co'ides,  Crystalline — c.  Externum,  Extraoeoui
 body — c. Extraneum, Extraneous body—c. Oe-
 niculatum,  see Corpora  Geniculata — c. Glandi-
 forme,  Prostate — c Glandosum, Prostate —o
 Glandulosum, Prostate.
   Corpus Glandulo'sum Mulie'rum, Gland'ula
 Pros'tata mulie'rum.'  A vascular spongy emi.
 nence, which surrounds the orifice of the urethra,
 and projects at its under part.
   Corpus Highmo'ri, C. Highmoria'num, Medi-
 astinum testis, Mea'tus  semina'rius, (¥.) Corpt
 d'Hygmore  ou d'Highmore, Sinua dea Vaissenux
 aSminiflrea, (Ch.)  An  oblong eminenoe,  along
 the superior  edge of the  testicle, which seems
 formed  of a  reflection of  the tunica albuginea,
 through which the principal trunks of the semi-
 niferous vessels  pass before they reach the epidi-
 dymis.
   Corpus Incomprehensibile, Thymus.
   Corpus  Lu'teum, (F.)  Corps jaune, 'yellow
 body.'   A small yellowish body, perceived in the
 ovarium, and left  after the rupture of one of th«
 vesicles.  It was,  for a long  time, considered an
 evidence of previous impregnation ; but Corpora
 lutea  are met  with in  unquestionable virgins;
 although the  corpora lutea of virgins have been
 generally regarded to differ materially, in size
 and character, from those of impregnation, which
 have been called true corpora lutea in  contradis-
 tinction to the other, called false corpora lutea.
   Corpus Muco'sum, C. reticula'r'e, Ret'e viuco'-
 aum, Mucua seu Rete seu Stratum Malpig'hii, Re-
 ticulum cuta'neum seu  muco'sum, Mesoderm'am,
 Mucous web, (¥.) Corps muqueux, Couche de Mil-
 pighi.   The second layer of the skin has been ?o
 called.  It  is  situate between the cutis vera and
 cuticle,  and gives colour to the  body.  In tbe
 white varieties of our species it ia colourless; in
 the neero. black.  Bv moat. nr>»tnm;.-t« the exiiV 
CORPUSCLES,  BLOOD        24
ince of such a layer, distinct from the epidermis,
is denied.
  Corpus  Okense, Corpus Wolffianum.
  Corpus  Pampinifor'me, from  pampinua,  'a
tendril.'   C. Varico'aum seu pyramida'le, Hede-
ra'ceua plexua, Plexua pampiniform'is seu vascu-
lo'sus funic'uli spermat'ici pampiniformis, (¥.)
Corps pampiniforme, C. Variqueux.  The plexus
or retif'orm arrangement of the spermatic arteries
and veins  in the cavity of the abdomen, anterior
to the psoas muscle.
  Corpus Papillaris, Textus Papilla'ris, Corpus
reticula're.   The nervous and  vascular papillae
situate beneath the epidermis, called  by Breschet
Neurothel'ic apparatus.
  Corpus Phacoides, Crystalline—c. Pituitare,
Pituitary gland — c. Psalloides, Lyra — c. Pyra-
midale, Corpus pampiniforme—c Reticulare, Cor-
pus mucosum, Corpus Papillare—c. Rhomboidale,
Corpus dentatum—c. Rhomboideum,  Corpus den-
tatum—c. Thymiamum, Thymus—c  Thymicum,
Thymus — c. Thyreoideum, Thyroid gland — c
 Turbinatum, Pineal gland—c Varicosum, Corpus
pampiniforme,  Spermatic cord — c.  Varicosum
testis, Epididymis.
  Corpus Spongio'sum  Ure'thrjE,  Substantia
spotigio'sa urethra.   This substance arises before
the prostate gland, surrounds  the urethra,  and
forms the  bulb.  It  then proceeds to the end of
 the corpora cavernosa,  and terminates in  the
glans penis, which  it forms.   Kobelt describes,
in the female, as the analogue to the corpus spon-
giosum of the male, a venous plexus, which,  as
it lies between the glans clitoridis, and  the part
 that corresponds, in the male, to the  bulb of the
urethra, he  terms pars interme'dia,  (¥.) RSseau
intermSdiaire.
  Corpus Striatum, see Corpora  striata—c. Tri-
 gonum, see  Urinary Bladder.
  Corpus Vit'reum,  Humor  Vitreus seu Hya-
 loVdea seu hyalinua,  Glacia'lia humor,  Vitreous
humor, Vit'rina ocula'ria, (¥.) Corpa vitrS ou hya-
 loide, Humeur hyalo'ide.  The transparent mass,
of  a gelatinous consistence, which fills  the eye,
behind the crystalline.   It is  contained  in cells,
formed by the tunica hyaloidea.
  Corpus Wolffia'num, G.  Oken'ae,  Wolffian
body, (¥.) Corpa de  Wolff ou d'Oken.   At a very
early period of foetal  formation, bodies  are per-
ceptible, which were first described by Wolff, as
existing in  the fowl, and in the mammalia  by
Oken.  According to  Miiller, they disappear in
man very early, so that but slight  remains  of
them are  perceptible after the  9th or 10th week
of pregnancy.  They cover the region of the kid-
neys and renal capsules, which are formed after-
wards; and  they are presumed  to be the organs
of urinary secretion during the first periods  of
foetal existence.
  CORPUSCLES, BLOOD, Globules of the blood
—c. Bone, see Lacunae of Bone—c. Caudate, see
Caudate—c  Chyle, see Chyle.
  Corpuscles,  Exuda'tion.    The  organizable
nuclei contained in fibrinous fluids, which are the
origin of the new tissues formed from  such fluids.
  Corpuscles,   Ganglion,   see   Neurine — c
Glandiform,  Acinus.—c Lymph, see Lymph — c.
of Malpighi, Corpora  Malpighiana — c Mucous,
see  Mucus — c.  Nerve, see Neurine — c. Osseous,
see  Lacunae  of bone.
  Corpuscles,  Pacin'ian,  (F.)  Oorpuaeules  de
Pacini, so  called from Filippo Pacini, an Italian
physician,  who, it is  generally conceived, first
noticed them in 1830.  They appear, however,
to have been depicted in 1741 by Lehmann, from
a preparation by A. Vater, who  called them Pa-
pilla and  P. nervea.   Hence, it  has been pro-
posed by J. C. Strahl (1848) to call them Vate'rian
sorpuecles  or Corxtueolcs of  Vater  iVater's<»h« I
7     '      CORROBORANT
Korperchen.)   Small bodies connected  with
the cutaneous nerves of the palm and sole.  They
have also been  found  sparingly and inconstantly
in nerves at the wrist and elbow; in  the upper
arm, fore-arm, and thigh, and inter-costal nerve,
the sacral plexus,  solar plexus and the plexuses
adjacent to it.  In each corpuscle there is the ter-
mination of a nervous filament.  Their uses are
not known.
   Corpuscles of Purkinje, see Canaliculus—c. j
Pus, see Pus—c. Pyoid, see Pus—c. Splenic, see
Spleen—c. Starch, Corpora amylacea—c. Tactile,
Corpuscula  tactfls — c. Touch, Corpuscula tactfls
— c  of Vater, C. Pacinian — c.  Weberian, see
Ejaculatory Ducts—c. White, see Globules of the
blood—c. White granulated, see Globulin.
   CORPUSCULA ARANTII, Tubercula A., see
Sigmoid valves — c. Glandularum similia intesti-
norum,  Peyeri glandulae — c  Globosa cervicis
uteri, Nabothi glandulae.
   Corpuscula  Laennec'ii.   Fibroid granula-
tions, occasionally observed on thickened portions
of the pericardium.
   Corpuscula Malpighii, Corpora Malpighiana
— c. Ossium, see Lacunae of  bone—c.  Sanguinis,
Globules of the blood — c. Seminis, Spermatozoa
—c. Sesamoidea, see  Sigmoid valves.
   Corpuscula Tactus, Tactile or Touch Corpua-
clea,(¥.) Corpuscules du tact,  Axile bodies,  (G.)
Axen  Korper.  Bodies, composed of a horizon-
tally laminated mass of areolar tissue, which are
found in the papillae of parts endowed with  great
tactile sensibility. The nerves of touch communi-
cate with them, and their function is probably to
render  the sense more acute.
   Corpuscula Triticea, see  Hyoides,  os — c.
Weberiana, see Ejaculatory Ducts.
   CORPUS'CULAR,  Corpuscula'ris.  Relating
to, or containing, corpuscles, as corpuscular fibrin.
Fibrin which tends to disintegration, and consists
of granules in  considerable proportion.
   CORPUSCULES CALCAIRES, Lacunae of
bone—c. Noirs, Lacunae of bone—c. Des Os, La-
cunae of bone—c.  RamifiSs, Lacunae of bone.
   CORPUSCULUM   ARANTII,  see Sigmoid
valves—c Conicum Rosenmiilleri, Parovarium—
c. Sesamoideum, see Sigmoid valves.
   CORRAGO, Borago officinalis.
   CORRE,  Corse, from xttpm,' I shave.' [?]   Tbe
temples or the  part of the jaws, which it is usual
to shave.—Gorraeus.
   CORRECTIF,  Corrigent.
   CORRECTION, Correc'tio, from corrigera,
(con and regere,  rectum, 'to  rule or  order,') to
correct.'  The  act of  correcting medicines ; that
is, of diminishing their energy or obviating un-
pleasant effects, by mixing them with  substances
which mitigate their operation.
   CORRECTORIUS,  Corrigens.
   CORRELATION, see Synergy.
   CORRIGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus.
   COR'RIGENT, Cor'rigens,  Correcto'rius,  Cas-
tlgans,  Infrin'gens, Emen'dans:  same etymon.
(F.) Correctif.   That  which corrects.  A  corri-
gent, in a pharmaceutical formula, is a substance
added to a medicine to mollify or modify its ac-
tion.  In the following formula, the aloes, if not
corrected, might  induce  tormina.  The  Oleum
Mentha is added as a corrigent.
   R  Aloes                            gj
      Olei Mentha                   gtt. v
      Syrup q. s. utfiant Pilula       xvj
   CORRIG"IA.   Akin  to   corium,  'leather.
Leathern straps.   By extension,  the  term  haa
been applied to the tendons and ligaments.
  CORROB'ORANT,   Corrob'orative,   Corrob'-
orans,  Corroborati'vus, Rob'orans, Muscula'ris,
Restau'rans, Reator'ative, Bracing, from corrobo-
rare icon, and robur, ' strength,') ' to strengthen. 
CORROBORANTIA          248           CORYBANTIASM
 (F.)  Corroborant, Corroboratif, Fortiflant.  Any n
 substance  which  strengthens  and  gives  tone.
 AVine, for example, is a corroborant.  See Tonic.
   CORROBORANTIA, Tonics.
   CORROBORATIF, Corroborant.
   CORROBORATIVE, Corroborant.
   CORRODANT, Corrosive.
   CORRODENS, Corrosive.
-   CO PROS IF, Corrosive.
   CORRO'SION, Corro'sio,  Diabro'sis, Anabro'-
 sis,  Ero'sio,  from con,  and  rodere, rosttm,  ' to
 gnaw.'  The  action or effect of corrosive sub-
 stances.
   CORRO'SIVE, Corro'dens,  Diabrot'icus, Cor-
 rosi'vus, same etymon.  (F.) Corrosif, Corrodant.
 Corrosives are substances, which, when placed in
 contact with  living parts, gradually disorganize
 them.   Caustic alkalies, Mineral acids, Corrosive
 sublimate, are  corrosives.  They act either  di-
 rectly, by chemically destroying the part, — or
 indirectly, by causing inflammation and gangrene.
   Corrosive Poison, see Poison.
   CORRUGATIO,  Corrugation — c.  Cutis,
 Wrinkle.
   CORRUGATION,  Corruga'tio,  Syna'rema,
 from  eon,  and  ruga,  'a wrinkle.'  Wrinkling,
 Frowning,  (F.)  Froncement; the contraction  of
 the Corrugato'res Supercilii muscles.  Corruga-
 tion of the skin is often  owing to the application
 of styptic medicines:  it is rendered by them  un-
 equal and rugous.
   CORRUGATOR  COITERII, Corrugator  su-
 percilii..
   Corruga'tor Supercil'ii, from  corrugare, 'to
 wrinkle;' same etymon.  Mus'culus supercil'ii
 seufronta'lis vents  seu Corruga'tor Coite'rii,  Su-
 percilia'ris, (¥.) CutanSo-sourcilier, Muscle  Sour-
 cilier  ou  Surcilier,  31. Fronto-Sourcilier.   A
 muscle situate in the eyebrows.  It is attached,
 by  its inner  extremity, to the superciliary ridge,
 and is confounded, externally, with the occipito-
 frontalis and orbicularis  palpebrarum.  It carries
 the  eyebrow inwards, and wrinkles the skin of
 the forehead.
   CORRUPTION, Corrup'tio, Phthora, Diaph'-
 thora,  from  corrumpere, corruptum,  (con,  and
 rumpere, 'to break,)  'to destroy.'  Act of cor-
 rupting.  State of being  corrupted.  Reaction of
 the particles of a body  upon each other.  It is
 probable that something like corruption may take
 place even in the living body.  The word is used,
 at  times, like Boue with the French, in a vague
 manner for  a state of puriform, putrid, or other
 breaking down of parts or humours.  'To  spit
 corruption,' is a vulgar expression.
    CORSE, Cddaver, Corre.
    CORSET, from Corse, (¥.)  corps, 'the body.'
 Stethodesm'ium, Stethodesm'is, Stelhodesm'us,  Tu'-
 nica Thora'cis,  Thorax, Pectora'le.  An article
 of  dress, which closely embraces  the trunk, and
 is  much used by females  in civilized countries.
  When corsets or stays are worn very tight, many
 serious evils result from the unnatural compression.
    Different bandages, more  or less complicated,
 which embrace the greater part of the trunk, are
 likewise so called.
    An orthopedic corset is one intended to obviate
  deviation of the stature.
    CORSET DE BRASDOR. The name  of a
 bandage invented by one Brasdor, to keep tn situ
  the fragments of a fractured clavicle.
    CORSSY, Corpulent.
    CORTALON,  Senecio.
    CORTEX, Phloios, Phlooe, Phlous,  Lemma,
 Bark,  (¥.) Ecorce.  This word has often been
 applied exclusively to  Cinchona: thus, we  say
 Bark—the cortex or bark, Kar' cfogqy.  It means,
 also, any bark.
    Cortex Adstring"ens Brasilien'sis.  An as-
tringent bark  introduced from  Brazil into Ger-
many in the year 1828.  It is said to be obtained
from Mimo'sa  cochlcaearp'a seu rirgina'lis.  It
has been  used with advantage in  all cases in
which astringent barks in general are indicated.
Dose of tbe powder 9j to Js*.
  Cortex Alcomoco, Alcomoque — o. Anisi stel-
lati, see Illicium anisatum — c. Aatiscorbuticus,
Canella alba—c. Aromaticus, Canella alba—c.
Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium — c. Canellae Ma-
labaricae, Laurus cassia—c. Cardinalis del Lugo,
Cinchona—c Caryophyllatus, see Myrtus  caryo-
phyllata—c Caryophylloides, Laurus culilawan.
  Cortex Cer'ebri. The Cor'tical,  Cinerit"ious,
Vesic'tilar or Gray substance of the  Brain. The
gray portion observed at the exterior of the cere-
brum and cerebellum ; so called because it forms
a kind of bark to the medullary substance.  Gall
considers, that this substance forms tbe nerves;
and therefore calls it Substance matrice des Ncrfs.
  The name cortical is likewise given to the ex-
ternal substance of the kidneys, because it is of
a deeper colour than the inner part of the organ,
and forms a kind of envelope to it.
  Cortex Chacarill^e, Croton Cascarilla—
c. Chinas,  Cinchona—c. Chinae flavus,  Cinchonae
cordifoliae cortex—c. Chinae luteus, Cinchonae cor-
difoliae cortex—c. Chinae regius, Cinchonae cordi-
foliae cortex—c. Crassior, Laurus cassia—c Culi-
laban, see  Laurus Culilawan — c.  Culilawan,
Laurus Culilawan — c. Eleutheriae, Croton casca-
rilla—c. Flavus, Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex—c.
Lavola, see  Illicium anisatum — c- Magellanicus,
see Wintera aromatica.
  Cortex  Ovi, Cor'tical membrane.  This mem-
brane, so called by Boer and Granville, is usually
regarded as a  uterine production, and designated
Decid'ua reflex'a.   They consider it to surround
the ovule, when it descends into the uterus, and
to enclose  the shaggy  eborion.  It is absorbed
during tbe first months of utero-gestation, so as
to expose the next  membrane to the  contact of
the decidua, with which a connexion takes place
at the part  where  the placenta is to  be  formed.
In that part, Boer and Granville consider, that
the Cortex  Ovi is never altogether obliterated,
but only made thinner,  and in process of time is
converted into a mere pellicle or envelope, which
not only serves to  divide the filiform vessels of
the chorion into  groups or cotyledons, in order
to form the placenta, but also covers those coty»
ledons. This,  Dr. Granville calls membra'na pro'-
pria.  See Decidua membrana.
   Cortex Pallidus, Cinchonae lancifoliae cortex
—c. Patrum, Cinchona—c. Peruvianus, Cinchona
— c.   Profluvii, Nerinm  antidysentericum — c
Ruber, Cinchonae oblongifoliae  cortex—c. Striata
dentium,  Enamel of the teeth—c. Thuris, Croton
cascarilla — c. Winteranus, see Wintera aromati-
cum—c. Winteranus spurius, Canella alba.
   CORTICAL, Cortica'lis; from cortex, 'bark.'
Belonging to bark.
   Cortical Matter of the Brain, Cortex Cere-
bri—e. Membrane, Cortex  Ovi — c. Substance of
the  Kidney, see  Kidney — c.  Substance of the
Teeth, see Tooth.
   CORTUSA AMERICANA, Heuchera  cortnsa.
   CORU.   An Indian  tree, the bark of whose
root furnishes a milky juice, which is employed
in  diarrhoea  and dysentery.  It is  also  called
 Coru Canar'ica.
   CORUSCATIO, Astrape.
   CORVISARTIA  HELENIUM, Inula hele-
nium.
  .CORYBANTIASM.   Corybiantias'mus, Cory-
bantie'mue, from Kopv/3as, one of the Cory ban tes.
A name formerly given to a kind  of frenzy, in
which the  sick were tormented by fantastic vi-
sions, and perpetual want of sleep. 
CORYDALIS  BULBOSA        249           COSTO-XIPHOID
  CORYDALIS BULBOSA, Fumaria bulbosa-
e.  Canadensis, Dicentra Canadensis — c  Cava,
FTno^rUT1To0Sa_C- Tuber<>sa, Fumaria bulbosa.
  LOK YLUS, (from  Kopvs,  'a helmet,' from the
involucre,) Corylus avellana.
  Corylus   Avella'na,   Cor'ylua,   Bundurh,
Avellana,  Caryd'ion,  The Hazel-nut Tree, (¥.)
Coudrier, Noiaetier ; Ord. Amentaceae ; Sex. Syat.
Moncecia Polyandria.  The nut, — Filbert, (¥.)
Aveline; Hazel-nut, (¥.) Noieette, — of this tree,
is much eaten in many countries.   Like all nuts,
it is by  no  means easy of  digestion.   It  is the
Nux avella'na, xapvov  UuivriKov, of the ancients.
  Cor'ylus Rostra'ta, Beaked  Hazel. An in-
digenous shrub, Nat.   Ord.  Amentace*; Sub-or-
der, Cupuliferas: Sex. Syat. Monoecia Polyandria;
the nut of which  is surrounded  by a  coriaceous
and scaly  involucre,  terminating in a tube co-
vered with short and thick bristles.  These bristles
have been given as an anthelmintic in  the same
cases and doses as mucuna.
  CORYMBETRA, Hedera helix.
  CORYNE, Penis.
  CORYPHE, Acme, Vertex—c. Cordis, see
Mucro.
  CORY'ZA,  Grave'do,  Rhinltia,  Cataatag'moa,
 Cataatalag'moa, Stillicid'ium Na'rium,  Phlegma-
torrhag"ia,Blennorrhoe'a naaa'lie,Blennorrhin'ia,
Dea'tillatio,  Catar'rhua  ad  Narea  seu nasa'lia,
Rhinocatar'rhus, Angi'na nasa'lis: vulgarly,' run-
ning at  the nose,' 'cold in the head;' (Prov.)
 Suurle, in French, Rhume  de  cerveau, Catarrhe
 nasal, Enchifrenement;  in  old English, Pose or
 Mur;  whence Murren and Murrain; from Kopvs,
 or xaoa,  'the head,' and ^tw, 'I boil.' Inflamma-
 tion, attended with increased discharge,  of the
 Schneiderian membrane lining the nose, and the
 sinuses  communicating  with it.   The affection
 generally subsides without any medical treatment.
   Chronic  coryza  is  termed,  also,  Oza'na be-
 nig'na.
   Coryza Entonica,  Ozaena—c.  Maligna, Ozaena
 —c. Ozaenosa,  Ozaena—c Purulenta, Ozaena—c.
 Scarlatinosa, Rhinocace—c. Ulcerosa, Ozaena—c.
 Virubenta, Ozaena.
   COSCINISMUS, Cribration.
   COSCINOI, see  Cribration.
   COSMESIS, Cosmetics.
   COSMET'ICS,  Ars cosmet'ica,  Callipia'tria,
 Cosme'sis,   (¥.)   CoemStique,  from  Koaptia,  'I
 adorn,'  'I  embellish.'  The  art  of  improving
 the beauty.  Coametic, Stilbo'ma,  is,  also, used
 for  the  different means  employed for  that pur-
 pose;  as the  compounds,  into which  enter the
 oxides  of  lead, bismuth, mercury, arsenic, Ac.
 All these,  however,  injure the  skin, and often
 give rise to unpleasant cutaneous affections. Fre-
 quent ablution with cold water, and bathing are
 the best cosmetics.  Essences, soaps, and  all the
 preparations  intended for  the toilet,  fall, also,
 under this head.
   COSMETIQUE, Cosmetics.
   COSMETOL'OGY, Coemetolog'ia, from xoopttv,
 'to  adorn,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  A  treatise
 on the dress,  and cleanliness of the body.
   COSMOS, from xoa'pos, 'the world,' 'order,' Ac.
 The order  which  was supposed to preside over
 critical days.  Hippocrates and others have termed
 Koopoi, 'bracelets,' employed, not  only as orna-
 ments (Kooutiv, 'to adorn,') but  as therapeutical
 agents.
   COSSA,  Haunch.
   COSSUM.   A  malignant  ulcer of  the nose,
 often of a syphilitic charaoter.—Paracelsus.
   COSSUS, Coaaia.  A sort of white, short, thick
 worm or larve, found in trees, logs of wood, Ac,
 and used  by  the  Romans  as  a  great  article of
  fourmnndiae.  They were, also, applied to ulcers.—
  'liny.   The  term has, likewise, been given to
small vermiform  pimples on the face — acne —
which arise f om inflammation of the sebaceous
follicles.
  COSTA, P.sura, Pleurum, Pleuro'ma.   A Rib,
from  cuatodire, 'to guard,'  'defend:' (F.) Cote
old French, Coate.  The ribs are 24 in number;—
12 on each side.  They are  irregular, long, bony
curves: slightly flattened, and situate obliquely
at the sides of the chest.  The intervals between
them are called Intercoa'tal apacee, (¥.) Espaees
intercostaux, and they are numbered first, second,
third, Ac, reckoning from above to below.   They
have been, distinguished into Costa vera, Pleu-
rapoph'yses of Owen, True -ibs, (¥.) Vraies C6tes,
CStes stemales, C6tes vertSbro-sternales (Ch.), and
into Costa spu'ria, Mendo'sa seu Notha  Costa,
False  ribs, Cotes asternales  (Ch.), Fausses Cotes.
The true or sternal ribs, as  they have also been
called, are the first 7;  which are articulated at
one extremity to  the spine, and at the other, by
means of their cartilages, hamapoph'ysea ot Owen,
to the sternum.  The false or short riba are the
remaining 5 : the uppermost three being united,
by means of their cartilages, to the cartilage of the
last true rib.  The  others are free at their exter-
nal extremity, and,  hence, have been called Float-
ing riba,  Coata fiuctuan'tea, (F.) C6tca fiottantea.
The vertebral  extremity of each rib is  slightly
expanded.  It is called the head of the rib—Ca-
pit'ulum  Costa:  the space  between this  and the
tubercle  is the collum or neck.  Anterior to  the
tubercle is the angle—An'gulua seu Cu'bitua Costa.
The angle is the part where the  bone bends to
form the lateral part of the thorax.
   COSTiE CAPITULUM, see Costa—c Fluctu-
antes, see Costa—c Mendosse, see Costa—c Spu-
ria?, see Costa—c Veras, see Costa.
   COSTAL, Costa'lis, from costa, 'a rib.'  Apper-
taining or relating  to a rib—as 'costal cartilage.'
   COSTE, Costa.
   COSTIVE, Constipated.
   COSTIVENESS, Constipation.
   COSTMARY, Tanaeetum balsamita.
   COSTO, from  costa,  'a rib.'  In composition,
relating or appertaining to a rib.
   COSTO-ABDOMINAL,  Obliquus externus
abdominis—c. Basi-scapulaire, Serratus  magnus
—c. Claviculaire, Subclavian muscle.
   COSTO-CLAVIC'ULAR,  Costo-Clavicula'ris.
Belonging to the ribs and clavicle.
   Costo-Clavic'ular  Lig'ament,  Cleidocostal
Ligament, is a fibrous, flattened fascia, which ex-
tends, obliquely, from the cartilage of the first rib
to the inferior surface of the clavicle.
   COSTO-CORACOIDIEN,  Pectoralis  minor
—c. Scapulaire, Serratus magnus.
   COSTO-STERNAL, Costo-Sterna'lis. Relating
to the ribs and sternum.  The articulation of the
sternum with the anterior extremity of the first
sfiVGn rioSt
   COSTO-TRACHELIA'NUS.  Relating to the
ribs and to the trachelian or transverse processes
of the  neck.  Under the name Costo-trache'liun,
 Chaussier designates the anterior and posterior

   COSTO-TRANSVERSA'RIUS.   Relating to
 the ribs, and to the transverse processes.—Bichat
gave this name to the articulation of  the tubero-
sities of the ribs  with the transverse processes of
the spine.
   C 0 S T 0 -VE RTEB RA L, Costo-vertebra'lis.
Belonging to the  ribs and vertebrae.—Bichat gave
this name to the articulation of the head of the
ribs with the vertebrae, and  to the ligaments con-
nected with it.
   COSTO-XIPHOID,  Costo-xiphoi'deus.   The
name of a ligament, which unites the  cartilage if
the seventh rib to the xiphoid or ensiform caxti-
1 lage. 
COSTUS
250
COUM
  COSTUS.  From the Arabic.  The  ancients'
seem to have given this name to several plants.
One has borne the appellation, since the time of
Dioscorides,—the Costus Arab'icua seu In'dicua
seu speeio'sus setiama'rus,dulcis,orienta'lis,Amo'-
mum hirsit'tum, Helle'nia  grandifio'ra, Bank'sia
epecio'sa,  Tsia na,  (¥.) Canne Congo, Oanne de
Rivilre: Family, Amomeae;  Sex. Syst. Monan-
dria Monogynia; the  root of which is aromatic,
and has been considered tonic, carminative, diu-
retic, emmenagogue, Ac.  The virtues of the an-
cient costus are highly extolled.—Theophrastus,
Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen.
  Costus  Amarus, Ac, Costus—c. Arabicus, Cos-
tus— c Corticosus, Canella alba — o. Hortorum,
Tanaeetum balsamita—c. Hortorum minor, Achil-
lea ageratum—c Indicus, Costus—c. des Jardins,
Balsamita suaveolens — e. Nigra,  Cynara scoly-
mus—c Speciosus, Costus.
  COSTYLE, Cotyle.
  COTA, Anthemis cotula.
  COTARO'NIUM;  an obscure term, used hy
Paracelsus for a universal  solvent: such a thing
as does not exist.
  COTE,  Costa.
  CdTES, COL DES, Collum costarum—c. As-
ternales, see Costa—c. Fausses, see Costa—c. Flot-
tantes, see Costa—c. Sternales, see Costa—e. Ver-
tSbrosternales, see Costa—c. Vraies, see Costa.
  COTIGNAC, (pron.  cotinniac.) A kind of con-
serve or preserve, prepared from quinces not en-
tirely ripe, and  sugar.   It is esteemed stomachic
and astringent.
  COTON,  Gossypium — c. Azotique, see Collo-
dion— c. Fulminant, see Collodion — c. Poudre,
Bee Collodion.
  COTONIA, Pyrus cydonia,
  COTTON, Gossypium.
  COTULA, Anthemis cotula — o. Fcetida, An-
themis cotula.
  Cot'ula Multif'ida.  A South African plant,
which is used by the Hottentots in rheumatism,
scalds and cutaneous diseases.
  COTUN'NIUS, LIQUOR OF, Liq'uor Cotun'-
nii, L.  of Cotug'no, Aquula acus'tica, Aqua audi-
to'ria,  Per'ilymph, (¥.) Lymphe de Cotugno.  A
transparent, slightly viscid fluid, which  fills all
the cavities of the internal ear, and of which Co-
tugno made mention.  It is also called Aqua La-
byrinth'i.
  COTURNIX, Tetrao coturnix.
  COT'YLE, Cot'yla,  Cotyle'don, Oos'tyle;  the
game as Acetab'ulum.   A hollow cavity in a bone,
which  receives  the head of another bone : parti-
cularly 'the cotyloid eavity.'  KorvXn signified a
drinking cup,  and, indeed, any  thing hollow, as
the hollow of the hand.—Athenaeus.
  COTYLEDON, Cotyle —c. Marina, Umbilicus
marinus.
  Cotyle'don Orbicula'ta.  A plant of South
Africa, Nat. Ord. Crassulaceae.  The  fresh juice
is used in epilepsy; and Dr. Pappe speaks well
of it.  The leaves form a good application to hard
corns.   Crass'ula arbores'cene has the same pro-
perties.
  Cotyle'don Umbili'cus, C. U. Ven'eris, Navel-
wort, Venue's Navelwort, (¥.) Nombril de  VSnus.
A plant which grows in Europe  on old walls and
rocks.   The leaves are emollient, and  applied
externally  to piles, inflamed  parts, Ac.   Inter-
nally, the juice has been given in epilepsy.   The
flowers have been used in calculous cases, and in
dropsy.
  Cotyle'dons, (KorvXnioiv,' the hollow of a cup,')
Acetab'ula uteri'na.  The  lobes which, by their
union,  form the placenta.
  COT'YLOID, CotyUi'des, Cotyloi'deus,  Cotylo'-
4ee, from  xorvXn,  'a  drinking  cup,' and ttios,
 'form.'   Resembling  the ancient nconiAn.   The
 name of a hemispherical cavity, situate in the os
 innominatum, which receives the head of the os
 femoris ;—Fossa cotylo'idea, Sinus Coxa, Acetab'-
 ulum Pyxis.
   Cot'yloid  Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum  Cotyloi-
 deum, (¥.) Ligament cotyldidien, is a very thick,
 fibrocartilaginous ring, surrounding the cotyloid
 cavity,  the depth of which it increases.
   COTZ, Hagenia Abyssinica.
   COU, Collum — c. du Pied,  Instep — c. Groe,
 Bronchocele.
   COUCH GRASS, Triticum repens.
   COUCHE, Couches, (¥.), from coucher, 'to lie
 down.'   This word is used, 1. For parturition,
 accouchement or delivery (puerpe'rium, parturi".
 tio;) hence, une  couche  heureuae, 'a happy deli-
 very;' unefauaae couche, 'a premature delivery:'
 and, 2.  For the time during which a female re-
 mains  in bed  on account of delivery,— Tempua
 puerpe'rii, the child-bed atate.   The Lochia have
 been termed Suitea de couchea.
   Couche also means a layer, bed or thalamus, as,
   CO UCHE CELL ULEUSE, Membrana granu-
 losa—c. de. Mulpighi, Corpus mucosum.
   COUCHER, Decubitus.
   COUCHES DES NERFS ETHM0I9AUX,
 Corpora striata — c. dee Nerfa oculairea, Thalami
 nervorum opticorum—c. dea Nerfa optiques, Tha-
 lami nervorum opticorum—c.  Optiques, Thalami
 nervorum opticorum.
   COUCHING, see Cataract.
   COUCINEA  COCCINEA, Cacoucia eoccinea.
   GOUDE, Elbow.
   COUDE-PIED, Instep.
   OOUDiE, Cubitus.
   COUDRIER, Corylus avellana.
   COUENNE  (¥.), Cutis suilla. A term giveu
 to various parts of the human skin,  which are
 prominent, hard, brownish, and often covered with
 rough hairs, so as to form patches not very unlike
 the skin of the hog.  It is a  malformation, oc-
 curring during intra-uterine  existence,  and re-
 maining for life.   See, also, Naevus, and Corium
 phlogistieum.
   COUENNE  INFLAMMA TO IRE, Corium
 phlogistieum — c. PleurStique,  Corium phlogisti-
 eum.
   COUF, Tussis.
   COUGH, Tussis —c.  Bronchial, C.  tubal —c.
 Root, Trillium latifolium.
   Cough, Tubal, Bron'chial cough, Tussis bron'-
 chica, (¥.) Toux tubaire ou bronchique.   Cough
 is so termed, when the succussion communicated
 by it to the parietes of the chest is very energetic,
 and a sensation is experienced by the ear as if a
 column of air was  traversing tubes with solid
 walls, with much noise,  strength, and rapidity.
   Cough, Winter, Bronchitis, (chronic.)
   COUGHING, Tussis.
   COUL, Abscess, Swelling.
   COULER, To strain.
   COULEURS COMPLEMENTAIRES,  Co-
 lours, accidental.
   COULEUVRE; Coluber berus.
   COULEUVREE, Bryonia alba—c. de Virgi-
 nie, Aristolochia serpentaria.
   COULEUVRINE, Polygonum bistorta.
   COULISSE (¥.),  'A groove, a gutter.'  Ana-
 tomists designate, hy this name, every deep groove
 or channel in a bone, in  which a tendon plays;__
 such as the Coulisse Bicipitale or Bicipital Groove
 of the Humerus.
   CO ULISSE BICIPITALE, Bicipital groove—
■c. HumSrale, Bicipital groove.
   COULOIR, Colatorium.
   COUM, Colchicum autumnale. 
1        COVE,  CLIMATE OF
     COUMAROUNA  ODORATA     2

  COUMAROUNA  ODORATA, Dipteri'x odo-
rata,                              r
  COUNTENANCE, Vultua, Voltus, Viaage, (¥.)
f tgrure, Visage: from cum, 'with,' and teneo, 'I
hold.  The form of the  face.   The system of the
features.
  COUNTER-EXTENSION, Contra-exten'sio,
Antttasis, (¥.) Contre-extension, from contra-ex-
tendere, 'to extend in a contrary direction.'   It
consists in retaining firmly and  immovably the
upper part of a limb, whilst extension is practised
on the lower, in cases of fracture or luxation.
  COUNTER-INDICATION, Contra-indica'tio,
Antendeix'ie, Antendix'ia, Antideix'ia.   An indi-
cation  contrary  to another.  (F.) Contre-indica-
tion.  Any circumstance, which  acts  as  an ob-
stacle to the employment of such therapeutical
means as seem to be indicated by other  circum-
stances.
  COUNTER-IRRITANT,  see  Counter-irrita-
tion—c.  Granville's, (Lotion,) Granville's Coun-
ter-irritant.
  COUNTER-IRRITATION, Contra-irrita'tio.
An irritation, excited in a part of the body, with
the view of relieving one existing in another part.
The remedies used  for this  purpose ,are called
Counter-irritants, and form a most valuable class
of remedial agents.   See Derivation.
  COUNTER-POISON, Antidote.
  COUNTERSTROKE, Contrafissura.
  COUNTING,  METHOD  OF, Method, numeri-
cal.
  COUP, Blow—c. de Feu, Wound, gunshot.
  COUP DE MAlTRE,  Tour de  Maitre (¥.).
A masterly stroke or performance.  Applied to a
mode of  introducing the sound or catheter into
the bladder, which consists  in first passing it with
its convexity towards the abdomen of the  patient,
and giving it a half turn towards the right groin,
when its extremity has  reached the root of the
penis under the symphysis pubis.  There is no
advantage in this mode  of introduction.
  COUP DE SANG (¥.), Blood-atroke.  A com-
mon term, used by some physicians in France,  to
designate the loss of sensation and motion, which
results from hemorrhage in  the brain, or from
simple congestion in the vessels of that organ.
See Apoplexy. Some authors have comprehended,
under the same denomination, different  hemor-
rhages, which occur in the areolar texture of the
face, lungs; skin, Ac.
  COUP DE SOLEIL  (¥.), Siri'aais, Seiri'osis,
Siriasis JEgyptiaca, Ictus  solis seu sola'ris, In-
eola'tio, Encephalitis insolatio'nis, Phrenitis ca-
lentu'ra,  Stroke of the sun,  Egyptian  Starstroke
or Sunstroke.  Any affection produced by the ac-
tion of the sun  on  some region of the body;—
head, hands, arms, Ac.  A very common effect
of exposing the naked head to the sun is  inflam-
mation [?] of the brain  or  its meninges,  Helien-
cephalltis, which Sauvages calls Carus ab Inso-
latio'ne,  Morbus solstitia'lis.   It  has, also, been
called heat apoplexy ; although the morbid pheno-
mena observable after death  are generally not
confirmatory of either inflammation or apoplexy.
  COUP DE VENT.  A windstroke.  The ag-
gregate of morbid phenomena ascribed to expo-
lure to a blast of air.
  COUPE-BRIDE, Kiotome.
  COUPEROSE, Gutta rosea,
  COUPURE, Cut, Wound (incised.)
  COURALIUM, Coral.
  CO URANTE, Diarrhoea.
  COURAP.  A distemper, very common in In-
dia, in which there is a  perpetual itching of the
surface, and eruption.  It is of an herpetic cha-
racter, and appears chiefly  on the axilla, groins,
breast, and face.
  COURBARIL, see Anime.
  COURBATURE (¥.), Acer'ba lassitu'lo, Vio-
lent lassitude, Fatigue.  An indisposition, charac-
terized by a sensation, as if the limbs were bruised;
general feeling  of  debility, extreme lassitude;
and, sometimes, slight fever.  It appears imme-
diately after severe exercise, but  sometimes not
till the next day.  Rest removes it.
  COURBURE, Curvature.
  CO URGE, Cucurbita pepo.
  COURMIorCURMI, xovppt, xoput.  A fer-
mented liquor, made from barley.   A kind of ale
or beer.—Dioscorides.
  COURO-MOELLI.  An Indian tree, the  bark
of which is said  to be anti-venomous.
  COURON'DI, Couron'do.  An  evergreen tree
of India, the juice  of which, mixed  with warm
whey, is said to cure dysentery.—Ray.
  OOURONNE,  Crown —c. Ciliare,  GodronnS
canal—c. du Dent, Crown  of a tooth—c. du Gland,
Crown of the glans — c. de Moine, Leontodon ta-
raxacum—c. de Saint-Jean, Artemisia vulgaris—
c. du TrSpan, Crown of the trepan—c. de VSnus,
Crown of Venus.
  COURONNE RA TONNANTE (¥.) A  term
given by Reil to the fan-shaped terminations of
the cruri cerebri in the brain.
  COUPONNEMENT (¥.), Coro'na.  A vulgar
expression, sometimes used to designate the cir-
cular ring, which the os uteri forms  around the
head of the child at a certain period of accouche-
ment—the  head seeming to be surrounded, as it
were, by a crown.   The head is then said to be
au couronnement.
  COURS DE VENTRE, Diarrhoea.
  COURSE, Running.
  COURSES, Menses.
  COURT, Short.
  COURTE HALEINE, Dyspnoea.
  COUSIN, Culex.
  COUSSINET, Pad.
  COUSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica.
  COUTEAU,  Knife —c. d Amputation, Knife,
amputation — c. d Cataracte, Knife, cataract—c.
Courbe, Knife,  crooked — c.  d Crochet,  Knife,
crotchet—c. DSsarticulateur, Knife, doubie-edged
—c.  Droit, Knife, amputation—c. de Feu, Cultel-
laire — c. Interosseux, Knife, double-edged — c.
Lenticulaire,  Knife, lenticular — c. Lithotome,
Knife,  lithotomy — c. en  Serpette, Knife en ser-
pette—c. Symphyaien, see Symphyseotomy—c. d
deux Tranchana, Knife, double-edged.
  COUTOU'BEA  ALBA,  Ex'acum  spica'tum,
Pi'crium spica'tum.  A plant of Guiana, which
is very bitter, and is considered, in the country,
to  be emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and antidys-
peptic.
  COUTURES PAR LA PETITE  VEROLE,
see Cicatrix.
  COUTURIER, Sartorius.
  COUVERCLE, see Crucible.
  COUVERCHEF  (¥.), Cucul'lus,  Fascia'tio
euculla'ta,Scepaster'ium,Scepas'trum. A bandage,
applied to the head for retaining  certain dress-
ings, Ac, in situ.  The French surgeons distin-
guish two kinds: 1. The  Grand Couvreohef ou
Servette en  carrS  (Cucul'lus major), which  is
formed of a napkin or large square compress;
and, 2. The Petit Couvrechef ou Mouchoir en tri-
angle (Cucul'lus  minor), formed of a napkin or
other square compress, folded from one angle to
the other diagonally opposite to it.
  COUVRECHEF, see Bandage, Galen's.
  COVE, CLIMATE OF.  On the northern side
of  Cork Harbour, in Ireland, is the Island of
Cove.  The town of Cove is  on the southern ac-
clivity of a hill running from east to west.  It is,
consequently, sheltered from the north winds. 
COVOLAM               252               CRAMBION
and receives the full force of the sun.  It is one
of the mildest climates in Great Britain, and cor-
responds in its influence  on  disease with the
south-west of England.   It is well adapted as a
winter retreat for the phthisical.
  COVOLAM, Crata'va Marmelos. The bark of
this tree is tonic; the unripe fruit is  astringent;
but, when ripe, is delicious.
  COWBANE,  Cicuta aquatica—c. Spotted, Ci-
cuta maculata.
  COWBERRY, Vaccinium vitis idaea,
  COWCUMBER, Cucumis sativus.
  COWDEL, Caudle.
  COWHAGE, Dolichos pruriens.
  COWITCH, Dolichos  pruriens.
  COWLADY, Coccinella septempunctata,
  COWMUMBLE, Heracleum spondylium.
  COWPARSNEP, Heracleum lanatum, H.  spon-
dylium.
  COWPER'S GLANDS, Accessory  glands, (¥.)
Glandes accessoires ou de Cowper, Prostates infS-
rieures ou Petites prostates.   Called after  their
discoverer.  Two small  ovoid groups  of mucous,
reddish follicles, situate behind the  bulb of the
urethra, before the prostate, the excretory  ducts
of which open into the bulbous  portion of the
urethra.  They are also called Glan'dula  ante-
pros'tata,  and  G. pros'tata  inferio'res.  The
terms anterior prostate, and anteprostatic gland,
are generally, however, given  to a third glandu-
lar body,  occasionally  found in front of, and
between, Cowper's glands.
   Cowper's Glands in the Female, Gland'ula
 Cowperi,  Glands of Duverney or of Bartholin,
Pros'tata mulie'bris seu Bartholi'ni, Glandes de
 Cowper ou de  MSry, G. vulvaire conglomSrSe ou
vulvo-vag inale,  Corps  folliculaire vaginal, are
situate at each side of the entrance of the vagina,
beneath the skin  covering the posterior or infe-
 rior part of the labia.   They are rounded, but
 elongated, flat, and bean-shaped; their long dia-
 meter varying from five to ten lines; their trans-
 verse, from two and a half to four and a quarter:
 and  their thickness from two and a quarter  to
 three lines.  Like Cowper's glands in the  male,
 they  are not invariably present.   The secretion
 from them is  a thick, tenacious, grayish-white
 fluid, which is emitted in great quantity during
 sexual intercourse; and is  probably the fluid
 supposed, of old, to be  the female sperm.
   COWPOX, Vaccina—c. Inoculation, Vaccina-
 tion— c. Itch,  see Itch, cowpox — c.  Vesicle,  see
 Vaccination.
   COWRAP, Impetigo.
   COWSLIP, Caltha palustris, Primula veris—c.
 Jerusalem, Pulmonaria.
   COWSTRIPLINGS, Primula veris.
   COWSTROPPLE,  Primula veris.
   COWTHWORT, Matricaria.
   COWTREE, CEYLON, Gymneura lactiferum.
   Cowtree, of South America, Galactodendron
 utile.
   COWWEED, Chaerophyllum sylvestre.
   COXA, Haunch.
   COX.ELUVIUM, Bath, hip.
   COXAGRA, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea.
  . COXAL'GIA, Merocoxalgia, Oaphyalgia, Os-
  phyalge'ma.  A word of hybrid origin, from coxa,
  'hip,' and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the hip.  A sign
  of rheumatic or other inflammation—Coxltie, or
  of some  disease about the hip-joint.  See Neu-
  ralgia femoro-poplitaea, and Coxarum morbus.
   COXARTHRITIS, Coxitis.
   COXARTHROCACE, Coxarum morbus.
   COXA'RUM MORBUS, Coxen'dicua seu  Coxa'-
  riue morbua,  Arthroc'ace coxa'rum,  Coxarthroc'-
  ace, Oaphyarthroc'ace,  Coxal'gia (of some), Hip
  Viaease.  A scrofulous caries, and  often sponta-
  neous luxation of the head of the os femoris,  oc-
casioning  permanent shortening  of  the limb,
and not unfrequently hectic and death — Ieihio-
phthisis.
  COXEN'DIX, Haunch.  This word has been
used synonymously  with ischium; and  anato-
mists  have  also  applied it to the  ilia,  Oaaa
Coxen'dicia.
  COXITIS, Cor arthritis, a hybrid  term, from
Coxa, ' the hip,' and  itie, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the  hip-joint.
  COXO,  in composition.  Relating  or  apper-
taining  to the coxal bone.
  COXO-FEM'ORAL, Coxo-femora'lia.  Belong-
ing to the coxal bone or ileum, and to the os fe-
moris.   Rio-femoral  has the same signification.
  C0X0-Fem'0RAL Articula'tiON, 11 io-Femoral
A., (F.) Articulation de  la  Hanche,  Hip-joint,
(Prov.)  Hamch, Locking, Lonk.   The head of the
femur and the  articular  cavity are covered by a
diarthrodial cartilage and synovial capaule; and
by a very atrong capaular or articular  ligament
attached  to the  circumference  of the  cotyloid
cavity, and  to the neck of the femur.  There is,
also, a round or  interarticular  ligament, passing
from the  inferior notch  of  the cotyloid  cavity
to the rough depression  at  the  top of the caput
femoris; and a cotyloid ligament—a sort of thick,
cartilaginous ring, situate on  the edge  of the
cotyloid cavity, and converting  the inferior notch
into a foramen.  These  are  the great means of
union in this extensive articulation.
  CRAB, Aa'tacua fluviat'ilia,  Cancer,  Gam'ma-
rue,  Gam'barue, Cam'marus, (¥.)  Crabbe, Ecre-
vieae, Escrevice.   Claaa, Crustacea. A shell-fish
much used as  an article of diet.   Like other
shell-fish, it is apt to disagree, and excite urtica-
ria, Ac.
   CRABE, Crabyaws.
   CRABLOUSE, Pediculus pubis.
  CRABS' EYES, Cancrorum  chelae—c. Stonea,
Canerorum  chelae.
  CRABYAWS,  (F.)  Crobe.  A name  in  the
West Indies for a kind  of ulcer on the soles of
the feet, with edges so hard, that they are  diffi-
cult to cut
   CRACHAT, Sputum.
   CRACHEMENT, Excreation—c.  de Pus, Vo-
mica, Phthisis pulmonalis—c. de Sang, Haemop-
tysis.
   CRACHOTEMENT  (¥.), from cracher, 'to
 spit.'   The frequent spitting of a small quantity
 of saliva.
   CRACKED POT  SOUND, Bruit depot fSlS.
   CRACKLING  OF  LEATHER, see  Craque-
 ment de cuir.
   CRACOW GROATS, Semolina.
   CRADLE, Sax. cpaoel,  Ar'culus,  Solen, (¥.)
 Arceau ou  Archet.  A  semicircle of  thin wood,
 or strips of wood, used for preventing the contact
 of the  bed-clothes in wounds, fractures, Ac.  An
 ordinance of the Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade
 mothers  and nurses to  sleep with a child near
 them, unless it was placed under a  solid cradle
 of this kind, in  order  that no accident might
 arise from overlaying.
   CRiE'PALE, from KpatraXn, Crap'ula, 'drunk-
 enness, surfeit.'  A  derangement of the functions
 of the  brain, Ac, produced by wine or any other
 fermented liquor.—Galen.
   CRAGBANE, Clavicle.
   CRAIE, Creta—c. Barotique, Baryta,  carbon-
 ate of—c.  MagnSsienne,  Magnesiae carbonas—c.
 de Plomb, Plumbi subcarbonas.
   CRAISEY, Ranunculus acris.
   CRAMA, xpupa, from xtpam, 'I mix.'   A mix-
 ture of any kind.   Dilute wine.
   CRAMBE, Cabbage.
   CRAM'BION, from  xpapBn, 'cabbage.'  A de-
 coction of  cabbage.—Hippocrates. 
CRAMERIA
253
CRANIOLOGY
  CRAMERIA, Krameria.
  CRAMP, from (G.) krampfen, <to contract.'
Crampua, Enta'aia eyatrem'ma,  Telanue dolorif-
icua, Myoapaa'mua, Spaamna muacula'ria, Myal-
gia, Rhege, Rhegma, Rhcgmue.  (¥.)  Crampe.  A
sudden, involuntary, and highly painful contrac-
tion  of a muscle or muscles.   It  is  most fre-
quently experienced  in  the lower  extremities,
and is  a common symptom of certain affections—
as of Colica Pictonum and Cholera Morbua.  Fric-
tion  and compression of the limb, by means of a
ligature applied  around it above  the muscles
affected, will usually remove the spasm.
   Cramp,  Scriveners', Cramp, writers'.
   Cramp of the Stomach,  (F.) Crampe de VEs-
tomac.  A sudden, violent, and most painful affec-
tion of the stomach, with sense of constriction in
the epigastrium.  It seems  to be the effect of the
spasmodic contraction of the muscular coat of the
stomach, and requires the use of the most powerful
stimulants  and antispasmodics, of  which opium
is the best.
   Cramp, Writers',  Graphoapaam'ua,  Mogi-
graphia, (¥.)  Crampe dea Ecrivaina, Scriv'enera'
 Cramp, Stam'mering of the Fingera.  A condition
of the  fingers, in which  they are unable to hold
the pen, or in which one or more of the muscles of
the fingers are irregularly  and irresistibly con-
tracted.
   CRAMPE DES ECRIVAINS,Cramr,,vtr\ters'.
   CRAMPE  DE L'ESTOMAC, Cramp of the
Stomach.
   CRAN DE BRETAGNE,  Cochlearia  armo-
racia.
   CRANBERRY, Vaccinium oxycoccos—c. Al-
pine, Vaccinium vitis  idaea—e. American, com-
mon, see Vaccinium  oxycoccos—c.  Upland,  Ar-
butus uva ursi.
   CRANE, Cranium—c. Humain,  Cranium hu-
 manum.
  CRANE'S BILL, Geranium —c. Spotted, Ge-
ranium maculatum — c. Stinking, Geranium Ro-
bertianum.
  CRA'NIAL, Crania'lia, Crunia'nua, (F.) Crd-
nien; same  etymon  as  cranium.  Relating or
appertaining   to   the  cranium — as  'cranial
nerves.'
  CRANIEN, Cranial.
  CRANIOCELE, Encephalocele.
  CRANIOHjEMATONCUS, Cephalaematoma.
  CRANIOL'OGY, Cranioa'copy,  Craniolog"ia,
Cranipmatt'cy, Phrenology, Cranioacop'ia, C. Gal-
lia'na, Encephaloscop'ia,  Doctri'na  Gallia'na.
(¥.)  Craniologie,   Cranioecopie.   Words  intro-
duced, since Gall, into medical language.  The
first two  terms  are respectively  derived from
xpaviov, 'cranium,' Xoyos, 'a discourse,' and okottiiv,
'to examine.' They  signify  a  description, or
simply an examination, of the  different parts of
the external surface of the  cranium, in  order to
deduce from thence a knowledge of the different
intellectual  and  moral dispositions.   Strictly
speaking, it is by Cranioacopy that we acquire a
knowledge of Graniology, Organology, or Cran-
ology,  as  it has  been variously termed.   These
words  are generally, however,  used in the same
sense.  The cranium being moulded to the brain,
there are as  many prominences on the  bone, as
there are projections at the surface of the brain.
According to Gall, each projection, which he calls
an organ, is the  seat of a particular intellectual
or moral  faculty, and all persons endowed with
the same faculty, have, at the  same part  of the
brain,  a prominence,  which is  indicated,  exter-
nally, by  a bump  or projection  in the bony case.
The Syatem  of Gall is made to comprise 27 pro-
minences, which answer to 27 faculties.  The fol-
lowing Table exhibits these supposed organs, and
their seat:
Cerebral Organs and their Seat, according to Gall.
1. Instinct of generation, of reproduction ; ama-
  tiveness;  instinct  of  propagation;  venereal
  instinct.
(German.) Zeugungstrieb,  Fortpflan-
  zungstrieb, Ges chlech ts trieb.
2. Love of progeny ; philoprogenitiveneea.
(G.)  Jungenliebe,  Kinderliebe.
3. Attachment, friendahip.
(G.)  F reun ds ch af ts i n n.
4. Instinct of defending self and property; love
  of etrife and combat; combativeness;  courage.
(G.)  Muth, Raufsinn,  Zanksinn.

5. Carnivoroua inatinct; inclination  to  murder;
  destructivenees; cruelty.
(G.)  Wurgsinn, Mordsinn.
6. Cunning; finease;  addreaa; secretiveneaa.
(G.)  List, Schlauheit, Klugheit.
7. Desire of property ;  provident instinct; cupi-
  dity ;  inclination to robbery ; acquisitiveness.
(G.)  Eigen thumssinn, Hang  zu stehl-
  en, Einsammlungssinn, Diebsinn.

8. Pride; haughtiness;  love of authority;  ele-
  vation.
(G.)  Stolz,  Hochmuth,   Hohensinn,
  Herrschs uch t.
9.  Vanity; ambition; love of glory.
(G.)  Eitelkeit, Ruhmsucht,  Ehrgeiz.
10.  Circumspection; foresight.
(G.)  Behu tsamkeit,   Vorsicht,  Vor-
  sich tigh eit.
11.  Memory of things; memory of facta; sense
  of things; educability ; perfectibility ; docility.
(G.)   SachedSchtniss,   Erziehungs-
  f'ahigkeit,  Sachsinn.
 Seated in the cerebellum.  It is manifested at the
   surface of the cranium by two round  protube-
   rances, one  on each side  of tho nape of the
   neck.

■ Indicated at the external occipital protuberance.
' About the  middle of the posterior margin of the
   parietal bone, anterior to the last
' Seated a little above the ears, in front of the last,
   and towards the mastoid angle- of the parietal
   bone.
' Greatly developed in all the carnivorous  animals;
   forms a prominence at the posterior and supe-
   rior part of the Squamous surface of  the tem-
   poral bone, above the mastoid process.
 {Above the meatus auditorius externus, upon the
   sphenoidal angle of the parietal bone.
'Anterior to that of cunning, of which it  seems to
   be a prolongation, and above that of mechanics,
   with which it contributes to widen the cranium,
   by  the projection which they form at  the side
   of the frontal bone.
  Behind .the top of the head, at tbe extremity of
    the sagittal suture, and on the parietal bone.

  Situate at the side of the last, near the posterior
    internal angle of the parietal bone.

■  Corresponds to the parietal protuberance.
Situate at the root of the nose, between the two
  eyebrows, and a little above them. 
CRANIOLOGY             254              CRANIUM
12.  Senae of locality; sense of the relation of
  space; memory of places.
(G.) Ortsinn,  Raumsinn.

13.  Memory of persons ; sense of persons.
(G.) Personensinn.

14.  Sense of words; sense of names;  verbal me-
  mory.
(G.) Wordged'achtniss,  Namensinn.

15.  Sense of spoken language; talent of philo-
  logy ; study of languages.
(G.)  Sprachforschungssinn,  Wort-
  sinn, Sprachsinn.
16.  Senae of  the relatione of colour; talent of
  painting.
(G.) Farbensinn.
17.  Senae of the  relatione of tones; musical ta-
  lent.
(G.) Tonsinn.
18.  Sense of the relatione of numbere; mathemh-
  tics.
(G.) Zahlensin n.
19.  Sense of mechanics; sense  of construction;
  talent of  architecture ; industry.
(G.) Kunstsinn, Bausinn.
20.  Comparative  sagacity.
(G.) Vergleichender Scharfsinn.

21.  Metaphysical penetration; depth of mind.
(G.) Metaphysischer Tiefsinn.

22.   Wit.
(G.) Witz.
23.  Poetical talent.
(G.) Dichtergeist.
24.  Goodness; benevolence;  mildness;  compas-
  sion ; sensibility;  moral sense;  conscience;
  bonhommie.
(G.) Gutmiithigkeit, Mitleiden,  mo-
  ralischer Sinn,  Gewissen.
25.  Imitation; mimicry.
(G.) Nachahmu ngssinn.
26.  God and religion; theosophy.
(G.) Theos ophischea  Sinn.
27.  Firmness; conttancy; perseverance; obsti-
  nacy.
(G.) Stetigkeit, Festersinn.

  The first nineteen of these, according to Gall,
are common to man and animals; the remaining
eight, man  possesses exclusively.  They are, con-
sequently, the attributes of humanity.

      Organs according to Spurzheim.
  1.  Amativeness. — 2.  Philoprogenitiveness.—
3. Inhabitiveness. — 4.  Adhesiveness  or Attach-
ment.—5. Combativeness.—6. Destructiveness.—
7. Constructiveness.—8. Acquisitiveness.—9. Se-
cretiveness.—10. Self-esteem. —11. Love of Ap-
probation.—12. Cautiousness.—13. Benevolence.
—14. Veneration.—15.  Firmness.—16. Conscien-
tiousness or Justice. —17. Hope. — 18. Marvel-
lousness.—19. Wit.—20. Ideality.—21. Imitation.
—22. Individuality.—23. Form.—24. Size.—25.
Weight and resistance. — 26. Colour.—27. Loca-
lity.—28. Numeration.—29. Order.—30. Eventu-
ality.—31. Time.—32. Melody  or Tune.—33.
Language.—34. Comparison.—35. Causality.
  A  fundamental  principle with the Craniolo-
gists or Phrenologists is,—that the brain does not
act as a single organ,  but that it oonsists of a
plurality of organs : but, were we able  to admit
this, the assignment of the seat of different facul-
ties could not but be considered premature.
  CRANIOxMANCY, Craniology.
  CRANIOM'ETRY,  Craniomet'ria; from xpa-
vi*v, 'the cranium,' and ptrpov, 'measure.'  Mea-
surement of the skull.  A form of  compasses
Answers to the frontal sinus, and is indicated ex-
  ternally by two prominences at the inner edge
  of the eyebrows, near the root of the nose, and
  outside of the organ of memory of things.
At the inner angle of the orbit.
Situate at tbe posterior part of the base of the
  two  anterior lobes of the brain,  on  the frontal
  part of the bottom of the orbit, so as to make
  the eye prominent.

Also at the top of the orbit, between the preced-
  ing and that of the knowledge of colour.

The middle part of the eyebrows, encroaching a
  little on the forehead.

A little above and to one side  of the last; above
  the outer third of the orbitar arch.

On  the outside of the organ of the sense of the
  relation of colour, and below the last.
A round protuberance at the lateral base of the
  frontal bone, towards the temple, and behind
  the organs of music and numbers.
At  the middle and  anterior part  of  the frontal
  bone, above that of the memory of things.
In  part confounded with  the  preceding. Indi-
  cated at the outer side of the last by a protu-
  berance, which gives to the forehead a peculiar
  hemispherical shape.
At the lateral and outer part of the last; and giv-
  ing greater width to the frontal prominence.
On  the outer side of the last; divided into two
  halves by the coronal suture.

Indicated  by an oblong prominence above the
  organ of comparative sagacity; almost at th»
  frontal suture.

At  the outer side  of the last.
At the top of the frontal bone and at the superior
  angles of the parietal bone.
The top  of the head;  at the anterior and most
  elevated part of the parietal bone.

used for this purpose is called  a craniometer, (F.)
Craniomltre.
  CRANIOPATHI'A;  from  Kpavtov, 'the cra-
nium,' and iraBos,  ' disease.' Disease of the cra-
nium.
  CRANIOPLASTY, Oranioplas'tice, from xpa-
viov, ' the skull,' and irXaaoai, ' I form.'  An ope-
ration  for the restoration of the soft parts  and
bones of the cranium.
  CRANIOSCOPY, Craniology.
  CRANIO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal.
  Cranio-Spinal Axis, see Encephalon.
  CRANIOSTENOSIS, see Microcephalus.
  CRANIO'TABES, from  Kpavtov,  'the  skull,'
and tabes, 'wasting.'  A  softening of the bones
of the cranium,  and a consequent thinness of
those bones, — as the occiput,  (toft  occiput,) —
which  are much  exposed to  pressure.  It is a
variety of rickets.—Els'asser.
  CRANIOTOMY,  Craniotom'ia,  (¥.) Crdnioto-
mie; from  Kpavtov, 'the cranium,' and roun, 'in-
cision.' The operation of opening  the head in
parturition.
  Craniotomy Forceps.  An instrument, resem-
bling the  lithotomy forceps, for laying hold of
and breaking down the bones of the head in par-
turition.
  CRANIUM, Ora'nion, Cranum, Calva.'ria, Sca'-
phion,  Conchus, Calva, Olla cap'itis, Theca cer'-
ebri, Brain-pan, (Old Eng.) Pannikell,  (Prov.) 
CRANOMANCY             255              CREATINE
Harnpan, the skull; from  xpavos, '\ helmet,' or
from Kpavov, 'head;'  (F.) Crdne.  The collection
of bones  which form  the  case  for lodging the
brain and its membranes, as well as their vessels,
and some of the nerves.  These bones are eight
in number — the/rotifaZ, occipital, two parietal,
two temporal, the sphenoid, and ethmoid.  Besides
these, there might be considered, as belonging to
the cranium, the cornua sphenoidalia, the bones
of the ear, and the ossa Wormiana. Dr. Prichard
has characterized the primitive forms of the sk,ull
according to the width of  the Bregma, or space
oetween  the parietal bones :  1. The Stenobreg-
mate, (artvos, 'narrow,') or  Ethiopian variety. 2.
The Mesobregmate, (ptoos,'  middle,') or Caucasian
variety;   and  3. The  Platybregmate,  (rsXarvs,
'broad,') or Mongolian variety.
   Cranium  Huma'num, Human  Cra'nium  or
Skull.  (¥.)  Crdne  humain.  This was anciently
much used in prescriptions, and was  considered
anti-epileptic, alexipharmic, antiloimic, Ac.
   CRANOMAN'CY, Cranomantla, from xpavov,
'the head,'  and pavrtta, 'divination.'  (F.) Cra-
nomancie.  The art of divining—from the inspec-
tion of the head or cranium—the moral disposi-
tions and inclinations of individuals.
   CRANSON, Cochleariaarmoracia.C. officinalis.
   CRANSSAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Cranssac is a village in the department of Avey-
ron, six  leagues from  Rhodez, which possesses
acidulous chalybeate  springs, that have  been
known for a long time.
   CRANTER,  from  Kpatvttv, 'to finish,''render
perfect.'  The Dens Sapien'tia has been so called.
•  CRANUM, Cranium.
   CRAPULA,  Craepale.
   CRAQUEMENT DE  CUIR  NEUF  (¥.),
Neoscyte'chus,  'crackling  of  new  leather.'  A
sound like the craekling of new leather, some-
times heard on examining the heart with the
stethoscope,  which  is  symptomatic  of pericar-
ditis.
   CRAQUEMENT PULMONAIRE, (¥.) 'Pul-
monary crackling.'   This bruit or sound consists
in a succession  of small cracklings, heard during
inspiration, and almost always at the top of the
lung. It is heard at the commencement of phthisis.
   CRASIS, from xtpawvpt, 'I mix.'   A mixture
of the constituents of a fluid; as the craeia of the
blood, humours, Ac.   The  word has also  been
employed in a more  extensive  signification, as
synonymous with Constitution, Temperament, Ac.
   CRASPEDON, Staphylcedema.
   CRASSAMENTUM,  from  craeaue,  'thick.'
The thick part or deposit of any fluid.  It is par-
ticularly applied to  the clot of the blood.
   Crassamentum Sanguinis, see Blood.
   CRASSE, (¥.)  Dirt or impurity. A sort of
layer or  enduit, which  covers the  skin, where
cleanliness  is  not  attended to; and which is
sometimes the result  of the  cutaneous exhala-
tion ; at  others,-of extraneous matter adhering to
the surface of the body.
   CRASSE'NA.  A term  by  which  Paracelsus
designated the saline,  putrescent,  and corrosive
principles, which, he thought, gave rise to ulcers :
and tumours of different kinds.
   CRASS'ULA, from  craeaue, 'thick,' owing to I
the thickness of its leaves.   Sedum te'ephium.
   Crassula Arborescens, see  Cotyledon  orbi-
culata—c. Portulacacea, c  Tetragona.
   Cras'sula  Tetrago'na.  A South  African
sncculant plant, Ord.  Crassulaceae, which is
somewhat astringent.  Boiled in milk it is used
in diarrhoea.   Craaaula portulaca'cea is said to
be used in similar cases.
   CRASSUS, Corpulent.
   CRAT-dE'GUS A'RIA, from Kparos, ' strength,'
owing to the hardness  of tke wood.  Mea'pHus,
M. A'ria, Aria  seu Sorbite, S. Aria  seu Alplna,
White  Bean  Tree, (F.) Alisier  blanc, Alouche,
Alouchier.  The fruit, which is of the size of a
small pear, is slightly astringent, and somewhat
agreeable to the taste.  It has been employed in
di flrrti ob &
  CRAT.EVA  MARMELOS, Covolam.
  CRATERAU'CHEN, from Kpartpos, 'stiong,'
and avxnv>  'neck.'  One with a strong neck : aa
well as a strong neck itself.
  CRATEVSISIUM, Sisymbrium nasturtium.
  CRATOS, Force.
  CRAUTE, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Craute
is a village five leagues from Autun, in France,
where  are  mineral springs, containing sulpho-
hydrate of magnesia,  chloride of sodium, chlo-
ride of lime, sulphate of lime, and carbonate of
magnesia.
  CRAVATE  SUISSE (¥.), 'Swiss cravat'  A
band of the longitudinal or superficial layer of
the muscular fibres of the stomach, along the
lesser curvature of the  organ, the shape of which
it assists in preserving; — so called, on account
of a fancied resemblance to a Swiss cravat.
  CRAW-CRAW. A species of itch, common on
the African coast—Boyle.
  CRAYEUX, Cretaceous.
  CRA YON NOIR, Graphites.
  CRAZINESS, Insanity.
  CRAZY, Insane, Pain.
  CREA, Shin.
  CREAM,  Cremor seu   Flos  lactia,  (Prov.)
Ream, (¥.) Crime.  A thick,  unctuous matter,
of a yellowish-white colour, and sweet, agreeable
taste, which rises to the surface  of milk, if kept
at rest.  It is  composed of butter,  serum, and
casein.
  Crime is a name given  in France to bouillies
prepared with  farina of different kinds; as the
Cream of Rice, (¥.) Crime de Riz, C. of Barley,
(¥.) C. d'Orge,  Ac.  The same term, and 'medi-
cinal cream,' (¥.) Crime mSdicinale, are used by
M.  Beral for a preparation, resulting from  the
union of yolk of egg and  augar  with  milk, with
or without  the addition of medicinal agents.
  Cream, Rigor—c. Cold, Ceratum  Galeni, Un-
guentum Aquae rosae — c. of Tartar, Potassae
supertartras.
  CREAS, Rubeola.
  CRE'ASOTE, Cre'osote, Creaso'tum, Kre'aeote,
Creaso'ton,  Creazo'ton;  Oxy-hydro-carbure'tum
ex o'leo pyroxyl'ico para'tum, (Ph. L.) from xptas,
'flesh,' and ooirnp, 'a  preserver.'   A substance
discovered  not  long ago by Reichenbach.  It is
obtained from tar, by distillation, and appears to
be the active antiseptic and medicinal agent in
tar-water and crude pyroligneous acid.  It is a
colourless transparent fluid, of a  penetrating and
disagreeable odour, and is freely soluble in alco-
hol and acetic  acid.   Its  taste is  bitter.  S. g.
1'037.  It coagulates albumen, whence its haemo-
static power.   It is a most powerful antiseptic;
and has been largely administered in hemorrhages
both internally and externally.   As an external
application, it  has been used in burns, ulcers,
especially those of a sloughing character, chronic
cutaneous  affections,  and  has been applied to
tapeworm when protruded, Ac.   Internally, it
has  been  administered  in phthisis, vomiting,
diabetes  mellitus,  nervous  diseases,  chronio
glanders, Ac.   The dose internally is one or two
drops.  Externally, it is sometimes applied pure j
at others,  diluted, and commonly  with water,
(f-Jss to f^vj;)  or in the form of  ointment, (f^33
to 5ji of cerate.)
  CREASOTE  PLANT, Larrea Mexicana.
  CRE'ATINE, Cre'atin,  Creati'na,  Kre'atine,
from Kptas,  ' fl*sh.'  A nitrogenized crystallizable
neutral  substance, obtained by  the agency  of 
CREATININE             256             CRETACEOUS
 water and heat in making broths and soups.  It
 does not combine either with acids or alkalies.
   By the action  of strong acids, creatine is con-
 verted into Creatinine or Kreatinitie, a substance
 which has a strong alkaline reaction, and forms
 crystallizable salts with acids.   It preexists to a
 small extent in  the juice of flesh ; and is found
 in conjunction with creatine in urine.
   CREATININE, see Creatine.
   CREATOPHAGUS. Carnivorous.
   CREAZOTON, Creasote.
   CREEPER, TRUMPET,  Tecoma radicans—
 c. Virginia,  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia,  Tecoma
 radicans.
   CREEPERS, Fidgets.
   ORE MASON, Pyrosis.
   CREMASTER, Suapendic'ulum,Eleva'tor Tee-
 tic'uli, Mua'culua Teatia seu Teaticon'dua.   That
 which suspends; from Kptpaw, 'I suspend.'  The
 Greeks designated, by this term,  the spermatic
 cord,  or all  the  parts by which the testicle is,
 as it were, suspended; but, since Vesalius, it has
 received its  present limited meaning.  The cre-
 inaster is a very thin, muscular fascia—sometimes
 hardly perceptible — which detaches itself from
 the  internal oblique muscle; passes through the
 abdominal ring, and vanishes around the tunica
 vaginalis;  serving to draw up the  testicle, and
 to move it slightly.   It  has  been,  also, called
 Tunica Erythrot'des and Suapenao'rium Testis.
   CREMASTERIC,   Cremaater'icua, same ety-
 mon as Cremaater.  Appertaining or relating to
 the cremaster,—as' cremaateric artery,'—a branch
 of the epigastric.
   CREME, Chris ma.
   CREME, Cream—c. MSdicinal, see Cream—c.
 de Soufre, Sulphur praecipitatum—c. de Tartre,
 Potassae supertartras.
   CREMER.  The common  name for a disease
 frequent in Hungary, which  is  produced by ex-
 cess in eating and drinking.—Chomel.
   CREMNOI, plural  of Kpnpvos, 'a steep bank.'
 The lips of an ulcer.   The Labia puden'di.—Hip-
 pocrates, Foesius.
   CREMNON'CUS, from itpnuvoi, 'the labia pu-
 dendi,' and oyKos, 'a tumour.'  A swelling of the
 labia pudendi.
   CREMOR LACTIS,  Cream —c. Tartari, Po-
 tassae supertartras—c. Urinae, see Urine.
   CRENA, Crenatu'ra, Dentic'ulue,  (¥.)  CrSne-
 lure.  In  the plural,  the small  teeth or projec-
 tions in  the  bones of the cranium, by means of
 which an accurate junction is formed at the su-
 tures. CrSnelure has also  been used in aurgery,
 for the gutter or  groove in certain instruments,
 which is generally intended to secure  the, passage
 of cutting instruments;  the groove, for example,
 of a director.
   CRENATURA, Crena,
   CRENEL URE. Crena.
   CRE'OLE,  (S.) Criollo; from (S.) criar, 'to
 create or foster.'  A native of America, or of the
 West Indies,  whose ancestors emigrated from the
 Old World, or from Africa.  Hence there may be
 black as well as white Creoles.—Tschudi.
  CREOPHAGUS, Carnivorous.
  CREPALIA TEMULENTA, Lolium  temu-
lentum.
  CREPANELLA, Plumbago Europaaa.
  CREPATIO, Crrpatu'ra, from crepare, crepa-
tum,  'to make  a noise.'  The action  of bursting
any  seed by ebullition.  Coque  ad  crepatu'ram,
•Boil till it bursts.'
  CREPATURA, Hernia.
  CREPII.INES,  PALPEBRARUM, see
Tarsus.
  CREPITANT, Crep'itating,  Crepitans; same
etymon as Crcpatio.   Crackling.
   Rale  CrSpitant  Sec  d Grosses Bullet, ' dry
 crackling noise with  formation of large bubbles,'
 is heard in pulmonary emphysema, when  the dis-
 tension  Decomes greater and greater, and is fol-
 lowed by rupture of the  vesicles.  The air forcing
 itself a passage in the interlobular areolar tissue,
 gives rise to this Rdle during inspiration.
   Rdle CrSpitant Sec of Lae'nnec, R. vSaiculaire.
 The crepitant rattle,Crepita'tio veeicu/a'ria, heard,
 during respiration, in severe pneumonia and in
 oedema of the lung;  so termed on account of the
 analogy between the sound  and that occasioned
 by pressing a healthy lung between  the  fingers.
 It  resembles the  sound  produced  by rubbing
 slowly and firmly between the finger and thumb
 a lock of hair near the ear. The Rhonchua crep'i-
 tana redux,(¥.) Rdle crSpitant redux, is the sound
 heard in respiration coexistent with the resolution
 of pneumonia.   It indicates the return of the cells
 to the pervious condition.
   C'REPITATIO,  Crepitation —c.  Vesicularis,
 Crepitation.
   CREPITATION,  Crepita'tio, Crep'itus, from
 crepitare,  'to make  a  noise.'   Crackling.  Cre-
 pitation  or crepitus, (F.)  Cliquetis, has been used,
 in Surgery, to designate the  noise occasioned by
 the friction of fractured bones, when the surgeon
 moves them in certain directions.  When it can-
 not be heard at a distance, it may be  detected by
 the  immediate application of the ear, or by the
 use of the stethoscope.   Crepitus or crackling is,
 likewise, met with in  cases of gangrene, when air
 is effused into the areolar membrane — provided
 the part be carefully examined with  the fingers.
 The same term  is  used for  the  cracking of the
 joints in health or disease.
   CREPITUS,  Crepitation,  Fart—c. Lupi, Ly-
 coperdon.
   CRESCENTIA, Growth.
   Crescen'tia Cuje'te ; called after Crescendo,
 an Italian  writer on agriculture ;  Cujete, Narrow-
 leaved Calabash Tree.  Ord.  Solaneae. The pulp
 of the fruit of this West India plant is acidulous.
 It is used in diarrhoea and headach; and, in syrup,
 for diseases of the chest.
  CRESCENTIA,  Waxing kernels.
  CRESERA, see Cribration.
  CRESPINUS, Oxyacantha Galeni.
  CRESS, BITTER,  COMMON, Cardamine pra-
 tensis—c. Garden, Lepidium sativum—c. Indian,
 Tropaeolum majus—c.Meadow, Cardamine praten-
 sis — c. Penny, Thlaspi — c  Swines', Cochlearia
 coronopus — c Water, Sisymbrium nasturtium—
 e. Water, marsh,  Nasturtium  palustre.
  CRESSES, DOCK, Lapsana — c. Sciatica, Le-
 pidium Iberis.
  CRESSI, Sisymbrium  nasturtium.
  CRESSON ALENOIS, Lepidium  sativum —
 c. ElSgant, Cardamine pratensis—c. de Fontaine,
 Sisymbrium nasturtium — c.  des Indes, Tropaeo-
 lum majus—c. des Jardins, Lepidium  sativum__
 c. du Mexique, Tropasolum majus —c. de Para,
 Spilanthus oleraceus —c. des Prls,  Cardami»e
 pratensis.
  CREST, Crista—c.  of the Dium, see Crista of
 the Hium—c of the Pubis, see Crista  of the Pu-
 bis—c. of the Tibia,  see Crista of the Tibia—c. of
 the Urethra, see Crista urethralis.
  CRETA, Car'bonas calcis friab'ilis, Car'bonas
 calca'reus, Glisomar'go, Melia Terra, Chalk, Car-
 bonate  of Lime, (F.) Crate.   Native friable car-
 bonate of lime.
  Creta Prepara'ta, Car'bonas Calcis prapa-
ra'tus, Prepared Chalk. (Prepared by levigation.)
 Used externally, as  an absorbent; internally, as
an antacid.  Dose, gr. x to W or more.
  CRETA'CEOUS, Creta'ceus,(¥.) Crayeux, from
creta, 'chalk.'   Containing,  or  relating  to, or 
CRETE                 257                CRICOID
having the characters  of, chalk ; as ' cretaceous
mixture, cretaceous tubercles.'
  CRETE, Crista—c. de  Coq, Crista galli—c. de
VEthmoide Crista galli—c. UrSthrale, Gallinagi-
nis caput.
  CRETEFACTION,  Cretefac'tio, from  creta,
'chalk,' and facere, factum, 'to make.'   Forma-
tion of,  or conversion into chalk, as the conver-
sion  of  tubercles into  calcareous  or cretaceous
concretions;  Calcification.
  CRETESDE COQ, see Crista.
  CRETIN.  One affected with cretinism.  The
word is  said  to  come from ChrStien, 'Christian,'
because the Cretin, being in a state of  idiocy, is
incapable  of  committing any sin [?]  See Cagot.
  CRET'INISM, Cretinis'mus, Crelinage, Cyrto'-
lia Oretitiie'mita, Kretinia'mua, Idiot I a endem'ica,
Idiotisiilus   eudem'icua,  Futu'itaa  convallinua
seu  Alpicolu'rutit,  Micreneeph'alon, (¥.)  CrSti-
nieme.   An  epidemic affection in  the low, deep,
narrow  situations of the Valais; in the  valley of
Aost, Maurienne, a port of Switzerland,  the Pyre-
nees, Tyrol, Ac.  It is a  state of idiocy,  com-
monly accompanied by an enormous goitre, and
is often hereditary.  The unfortunate  cretin  is
little better than the animals around him.  He
rarely  attains an  advanced  age.    Like  idiocy,
cretinism  has been divided into complete and in-
complete.
   CREUSET, Crucible.  .
   CREUX DE L'AISSELLE,  see Axilla—c. de
VEstomac, Foaeette du cceur—c. de la Main, Palm.
  CREUZNACH,  MINERAL  WATERS OF.
The springs of Creuznach are in  Germany.  They
contain iodine,  bromine, and the  chlorides  of
etdiuin  and calcium.
  CREUZOT, MINERAL WATERS OF.  C. is
a mountain  to  the north-east  of  Mount  Cenis.
Near it  is a saline chalybeate spring.
  CREVASSE, (¥.) Rima, from crever,  'to break
or crack.'  A crack, a cleft.  The words crevaaae,
gercure, fissure, and rhagade are often used syno-
nymously for small longitudinal cracks or chaps
of a more or less painful character.  Sometimes,
crevasse is employed to  designate the solutions of
continuity or ruptures, which supervene  in dis-
tended  parts, in the urinary passages, uterus, Ac.:
it is ttten  synonymous with rupture.
   CREWDS, Rubeola.
   CREWEL, Primula veris.
   CRI,  Cry — c. de Cuir, Bruit de Craquemcnt,
Craquemeut de cuir neuf.
   CRIBLE, Cribratus.
  CRIBRA,  see Cribration.
  CRIBRATION, Cribra'tio, Coscinis'mus, from
cribrare, cribratum, 'to sift.'  Sifting.  A phar-
maceutical operation, which  consists in separat-
ing  the finer parts of drugs from tbe coarser.
Sieves,  Drumaievea,  are used  for  this  purpose.
These  were  formerly  called  Cribra;  Cos'cinoi.
A sieve for separating the bran from  meal was
termed  Cre'aera, Aleurote'aia, Cribrum  Pollina'-
rium.
  CRIBRATUS, Cribro'aua, from cribrum,  'a
sieve.'  (F.)  CriblS.  Having holes like a, sieve.
Lame criblSe, Crib'riform plate, is the horizontal
lamina  of the ethmoid bone—so called because it
is perforated like a sieve.  Through the perfora-
tions, Param'ina  cribro'ea, the olfactory nerves
pass.
  La'mina Cribro'ea of Albinus; Crib'riform la-
mella— a circular spot, perforated with small
holes, seen when the optic nerve is regarded from
the inside, after removing the retina ancLohoroid.
From these holes the medullary matter may be
expressed.
  CRIB'RIFORM, Cribriform'is,  from crxbrum,
      17
'a sieve,' and forma, 'form.'  Tho ethmoid bone
was formerly so called.—Oa Cribrifor'me.
  Cribriform  Compress.   A  square  piece of
linen pierced with a number  of holes.  This is
spread with cerate and applied to a suppurating
surface, the holes being  intended  for the escape
of the pus.
  Cribriform Fascia, see Fascia,  cribriform—c.
Lamella, see Cribratus—c. Plate of the Ethmoid,
see Cribratus.
  CRIBROSUS, Cribratus.
  CRIBRUM POLLINARIUM, see Cribration.
  CRICARYTENODES, Crico-arytenoid.
  CRICELLA'SIA, Cricela'sia, KpiKnXaoia, from
xpiKos,  'a circle,' and tXavvio, 'I drive.'  An exer-
cise with  the ancients,  which appears to have
been the same as the childish  play of rolling the
hoop.
  CRICK  IN THE NECK, Shoot, (Prov.) Hod.
A painful rheumatic affection  of the muscles of
the neck, which causes  the person to hold his
head to one side in a characteristic manner.
  CRICO.   In composition, appertaining or re-
lating to the cricoid cartilage.
  C RIC 0-A R Y T'E NOID,  Crico-arytenoidetts,
Cricaryteno'des.  Relating to the cricoid and ary-
tenoid cartilages.
  Crico-Aryt'enoid Muscle,  Crico-arytenoid'eua
latera'lis,  Crico-latSro-arytSnoidien.   A  muscle
which  proceeds from the lateral part of the supe-
rior edge of the cricoid cartilage to the outer and
anterior part of the base of the arytenoid carti-
lage.   It carries the arytenoid cartilage outward
and forward.
  Crico-Aryt'enoid,  Poste'rior ;  Crico-aryte-
no'ideua posticus, Crico-crSti-artenoidieii,  Dila-
tateur postSrieur du Larynx.   A small,  triangular
muscle, seated in the back part of the larynx.  It
extends from the prominent line,  at the  middle
of the  posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage, to
the outer and posterior  part  of the base of the
arytenoid cartilage.
  Crico-Ahytenoideus  Supe'rior, of Winslow,
forms part of the Aryteno'ideus of modern anato-
mists.                      _
  CRICO - CRE TI-AR YTENOIDLEN,  Crico-
arytenoid,   posterior — c.   LatSro-arytSno'idien,
Crico-arytenoid.
  CRICO- I'llARYNGE'AL,  Crvco-Pharynge'us.
Belonging  to the cricoid  cartilage and pharynx.
  Crico-Pharyngeus  muscles of Winslow, is a
fleshy bundle, which forms part of the Constrictor
Pharyngis inferior.   He  calls the other  part
Thyro-pharynge'us, and proposes  to call  the
whole  Tltyro-crico-pharyngeus.
  CRICO-THYREOIDES,  Crico-Thyroidean.
  Crico-Thyroidean,  Crico-thyroid,  Crico-thy-
reo'dea, Crico-thyreoVdes, Crico-thyreoideus. Be-
longing to  the cricoid and thyroid cartilages.
  Crico-Thyroid Membrane  is of a fibrous na
ture,  and extends from  the upper  edge  of  the
cricoid cartilage to the  inferior  edge  of  the
thyroid.
  Crico-Thyroid Muscle, Crico ihyro'idcua, (¥.)
Dilatateur antSrieur du larynx, is a small fleshy
bundle, of a triangular shape,  at the  anterior and
inferior part of the  larynx.  It extends from the.
outer  surface of the cricoid  cartilage to the late-
ral parts of the inferior margin of the thyroid car-
tilage; and its use is to approximate, anteriorly,
the corresponding margins of the cricoid and thy-
roid cartilages; and thus to stretch the  ligaments
of the glottis, which it contracts  by separating
the thyroid cartilage from the  arvtenoid.
  CRIGO-THYRO-PHAR YNGIEN, Constric-
tor pharyngis.
  CRICOID, Oricordeus, Crico'i'dea,  Crico det,
Annula'ria,  Cymbala'ris, from rptxos,  ' a ring,'
and  ttios,  ' form.'  Having the forii of a ring. 
CRICOIDES              258             CROC1DIXIS
A  name given to one of the cartilages  of  tbe
larynx, Cartila'go innomiua'ta, (¥.) Cartilage
anonyme, which  is situate at its lower part, be-
tween the thyroid and first ring of the trachea.
It is much higher behind than before.
  CRICOIDES,  Annular, Cricoid.
  CRICOS, Ring.
  CRIMNO'DES,  Crimnoi'des,  from  Kptuvov,
'coarse meal, bran,' and  ttios,  'resemblance.
Resembling meal  or bran.  Applied to  urine,
which  deposits a bran-like  sediment, Crimno'dea
Uri'na.
  CRIMNON, Favina.
   CRINA'LE,  from crinia, 'hair.'  An  instru-
ment formerly used to compress in cases of fis-
tula lacrymalis.   It has its name  from  the cir-
cumstance of its having at one end a small cushion
stuffed with hair.—Scultetus.
   CRINATUM.  A species of fumigation, used
by Paulus of ^gina.   The roots of lilies entered
into the process; hence its name, — from Kptvov,
'the lilv.'
   CRINES, nair.
   CRIMS, Capillus.
   ORINKLE-CRANKLE, Wrinkle.
   CRINOM'YRON, from  Kptvov, 'the lily,' and
 uvpov, 'ointment'   Unguen'tum  lilia'ceum,  U.
 JEgyp'tinm. album, U. Suslnum.  An ointment,
 composed of lilies and some aromatic plants.—
 Gorraeus.
   CRINON, Lilium candidum.
   CRINONES,  see Acne punctata.
   CRIOLLO, Creole.
   CRIOMYX'OS.  In  antiquity,  one who had
 much  mucus  flowing  from his nasal fossae, like
 the ram; from xptos, 'a ram,' and uv^a, 'mucus.'
   CRISIS, Diac'riaia, Dijitdica'tio, ' decision;'
 from xptvui, ' I decide.'  This word has been used
 in various acceptations.  Some mean by crieie of
 a diaeaae, when it augments or diminisbes consi-
 derably,  becomes transformed  into another, or
 ceases entirely.  Some have used  the  word to
 signify only the favourable changes which super-
 vene in disease : others, for the change going on
 in the acme or  violence of the  disease.   Others,
 again, have given this name only to a rapid and
 favourable  change, joined to some  copious eva-
 cuation or eruption; whilst others have applied
 the term to the symptoms that accompany such
 change, and not to the change  itself; — thus  in-
 cluding, under  the same denomination, the  criti-
 cal phenomena and the criais.
    CRISPATION,  Criapatu'ra,  from   criepare,
 criapatum, 'to wrinkle.'   A contraction  or  spas-
 modic constriction, which supervenes in certain
 parts, either spontaneously or by the influence of
 some morbific cause or therapeutical agent.  The
 capillary vessels of a wound are, by the French,
 termed criapSa, when, immediately,  after an ope-
 ration, the blood does not flow from them.  The
  skin  is said  to be criapSe, when  contracted, and
  the bulbs of the hair become more prominent.
  Crispation of the nerves is a slight convulsive
  motion of external or internal parts, much less
  than that which occurs in convulsion.
    CRISTA, Ambe, Ambon.  A crest  (F.)  CrSte.
  A name given  to several  bony projections; also,
  to the clitoris.
    The word Cretee  (F.),  Criata,  is also used, in
  France,  for fimbriated excrescences, which form
  at the anus,and near the  genital  organs; and are
  commonly owing to the syphilitic virus.   Cretea
  de Coq are syphilitic excrescences, resembling, in
  form, the crest of the cock.
    Crista  Galli;  two Latin  words,  signifying
  the con»6 of a cock, (¥.) CrSte de  lethmoide, C.
  de Coq.   A flat, triangular process, rising above
  (be cribriform  plate of the ethmoid bone, and re-
sembling a cock's comb.  It gives attachment to
the anterior part of the falx cerebri.
  Crista or Crest of the Il'ium, is the supe-
rior margin of the ilium :—the Crista or Great of
the Tib'ia, the  anterior edge, the shin; and the
Criata or Crest  of the Pubia, the posterior sharp
edge on the upper surface of the bone.  Winslow
calls  the nymphae, Crista of the  clit'oris;  and
Chaussier, the  verumontanum,  Crista Urethra'-
lie, Crest of the Urethra.
   Crista Interna, Frontal Spine — c Sphenoi-
dalis,  Sphenoidal  spine—c. Tibiae,  Shin — o.
Urethrals, Gallinaginis caput.
   Crista Vestib'uli, Eminen'tia pyramida'lis.
A  crest  which divides the vestibule of the ear
into two fossae, — one inferior and hemispherical,
called Fo'vea hemispha'riea, Sinua rotun'due; the
other  superior  and semi-elliptical, Fo'vea  ellip'-
tica seu aemi-ellip'tica seu hemi.ellipt'iia, Sintii
ovatna.  Morgagni has described a third groove-
like fossa, Recea'sus seu Fo'vea sulciform'ia, situ-
ate at the mouth of the common orifice of the two
superior semicircular canals.
   CRISTiE CLITORIDIS, Nymphae.
    CRISTALLIN, Crystalline.
    CRISTALLINE,  Mesembryanthemum  crys-
 tallinum.
   CRISTALLOIDITIS, Phacitis.
    CRITHE, Hordeolum, Hordeum, Penis.
    CRITHIDION, Hordeolum.
    CRITHMUM  MARIT'IMUM, Crithmum, Ca-
 chrys marit'ima, Panic'tilum mari'num, Samphire,
 (¥.)  Puaae-pi'erre,  Perce-pierre, Fenouil  marin,
 Bacile.   Family, Umbellifero?.  Sex. Syat.  Pen-
 tandria  Digynia.   A plant which  grows on  the
 sea-coasts, has a  spicy, aromatic flavour,  and is
 used, pickled,  as a condiment
    The Caaponga of Brazil is a kind of crithmum.
    CRIT'ICAL, Crit'icua, (¥.) Critique.  Belong-
 ing to a crisis.
    Critical Days, Dies crit'ici seu judicato'rii
 seu Decreto'rii seu Prin'cipea seu Radica'les seu
 Contemplab'ilea seu Internun'cii, (¥.) Joura cri-
 tiquea, are those on which a crisis, it is imagined,
 is most likely to  happen.   According to Hippo-
 crates and Galen, the greatest  number of fevers
 terminate favourably on the 7th day, and many
 on the  14th; — these two days being the;  most
 propitious.  Next to these come, in order of effi-
 ciency,  the 9th, 11th, 20th or 2lst, 17th, 5th, 4th,
 3d,  18th,  27th,  and  28th.  The sixth day was
 called by  Galen,  the  Tyrant, rvpawos,  because
 the crises that happened then  were generally un-
 favourable.  After  this,  the most  unfavourable
 were the 8th, 10th, 12th, 16th, and 19th.   The
 13th was a sort of neutral day; the crises which
 happened on  it  being neither favourable nor un-
 favourable.  Days were, also, divided into Inter'-
 calary, on which the crises happened less fre-
  quently,  and were  less  complete  than  on the
  critical or indicatory ;—and into vacant and non-
  dee'retory, on which a crisis hardly ever occurred.
  According to this division, they were enumerated
  as follows:

  Critical daye.........7th,   14th, 20th, 27th,  34th,
                       40th, 60th, Ac.
  Indicatory daye......4th, 11th, 17th,  24th, Ac
  Intercalary days.....3d, 5th, 6th, 9th, Ac.
  Non-decretory daya..2d, 8th, 10th, 12th, 13th, Ao.

    Fortunate crises were  considered  to  be indi-
  cated by favourable  signs appearing three days
  before.
    CRITICAL PERIOD, see Menses.
    CRITIQUE, Critical.
    CROCHET. Crotchet
    CROCIDISMUS, Carphologia,
    CROCIDIXIS, Carphologia, 
CROCINUM
259
CROUP
  CRO'CINUM, from kPokos, 'saffron.'   Made
with saffron ; coloured with saffron.
  CROCO'DES, from Kpoxos,  ' saffron,' and ttios,
'resemblance.'  Certain troches into  which saf-
fron entered as an ingredient—Paulus of ^Egina.
  CROCODI'LEA,  Stercua Lacer'ta.  The  ex-
crements  of the  crocodile, which the Arabists
extolled as a remedy for cutaneous diseases, and
 febicb was long used as a cosmetic.
  CROCODILIUM, Echinops.
  CROCOMAG'MA,  from  kPokos, 'saffron,' and
paypa, ' a kneaded or squeezed mass.'  A kind
of troch, composed  of saffron and spices.—Galen,
 Dioscorides, Paulus of ^Egina, Scribonius Largus.
  CROCUS, C. aati'vue seu  officina'lis seu Aus-
 triacua seu Orienta'lia, Medicina Tristil'ia, Pa-
 nuce'a vegetab'ilia,  Zaffran, An'ima Pulmo'num,
 Joviafloa, Saffron, (F.) Safran.  Order, Iridacese.
 The stigmata,  Crocua (Ph. U. S.,) are the parts
 used in  medicine.   They are brought from  the
 East.  The  odour is aromatic, and the taste aro-
 matic, pungent, and bitter: — the  colour deep
 orange  red.  Its  virtues are yielded to  alcohol,
 wine, vinegar and water.   Its operation has been
 considered  stimulant, exhilarating and  diapho-
 retic  It is not much used.
   Cake Saffron is sometimes met with.  It con-
 sists of one part of saffron and nine of marigold,
 made into a cake with oil,  and  pressed.
   Crocus,  Colcothar — c.  Antimonii, Oxydum
 stibii sulphuratum — c Austriacus,  Crocus — c
 Germanicus, Carthamus tinctorius — c.  Indicus,
 Curcuma longa—c. Martis  adt-tringens, Colcothar
 —c Miirtis aperiens, Ferri subcarbonas—c. Mar-
 tis vitriolatus, Colcothar—c Metallorum, Oxydum
 Btibii sulphuratum—c. Officinalis, Crocus—c. Ori-
 entalis, Crocus—c Saracenicus, Carthamus tinc-
 torius—c Sativus,  Crocus.
   CROCYDISMUS, Carphologia.
   CROIL, Nanus.
    CROISE (¥.), Crucia'tns, Crossed.   An epithet
 given to paralysis, when it attacks the arm of one
 side and tbe leg of another.
    CROISEMENT, Crossing.
    CROISSANCE, Growth.
    CROISSANCES, Waxing kernels.
    CROISSANTS, Waxing kernels.
    CROIX  DE MALTE,  Sple'nium  Crucia'tum,
 Maltese   Cross, Croea of  Malta.   A compress,
 having  the form  of the  Maltese cross.  It  is
 made of  a  piece  of square linen, folded in four,
 and divided with scissors  from each  angle to a
 small distance from the centre.   It is used espe-
 cially after amputation of  the fingers, penis, and
 limbs.
    When  the compress is cut in  two  of its  angles
 only, it is called the Half Malteee Croaa,—Demi-
 croix de Malte.
    CROK, Nanus.
    CROMMYON, Allium cepa.
    CROMMYOXYREG'MIA, from xpoppvov, 'an
 onion,' ofu{, 'acid,' and pnyvvpi,  'to  break out'
 Sour, fetid  eructations, exhaling  a smell similar
 to that of onions.
    CROPALE, Nerium antidysentericum.
    CROOPBACKED, see Hump.
   CROOPY, Croupy.
   CROPSIA,  Chromopsia.
   CROSS,  MALTESE, Croix de Malte.
'   CROSS-EYE, Strabismus.
   CROSSE DE L'AORTE, Arch of  the aorta.
   CROSSE MITE, Acarus Crossii.
   CROSSES  PALM AIRES, Palmar arches.
   CROSSFOOT, see Kyllosis.
   CROSSING, (F.)  Croiacment, Metisaage.   The
 union of an animal  of one race with one of an-
 other, in order to  improve the breed.  In man,
 as  well as in animals, the union of near relatives
is apt to deteriorate the offspring, and hence cross-
ing is important in his case.
  CROSSWORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Lysi-
machia quadrifolia.
  CROTALOPHORUS,  Crotalus horridus.
  CROT'ALUS   HOR'RIDUS, Crotaloph'orua.
The Rattleanake, Cobra  di Capello, (¥.) Crotale.
Claaa, Reptilia, Ord. Ophidia.   A venomous rep-
tile  of  North America.   Its poison  is virulent.
It is so  called from the rattle in  its tail, (KpuraXov,
' a rattle,' ' a small bell.')
  CROT'APHE, Crota'phium, from Kporatpos,
'temple.'    Cephalalgia  Pulaat'ilia,  Cephala'a
Pulsat'ilis, Sphygmoceph'alna.  A pulsatory pain,
chiefly in  the temples, with drumming in the ears.
  CROTAPHITE  ARTERIES, Temporal   ar-
teries.
  CROTAPHITES, Temporal muscle.
  CROTAPHIUM, Crotaphe.
  CROTAPHUS, Temple, Temporal bone.
  CROTCHET, Hamua.   A small hook or crook.
(F.) Crochet.  An obstetrical instrument, whose
name indicates its shape, and which is used in the
extraction of the foetus, when it becomes necessary
to destroy it to expedite delivery.  Crotchets  are
differently formed;  some are sharp, others blunt;
some contained in a sheath,  others naked.
   CROTON BENZOE, Benjamin.
   CROTON Cascaril'lA,  Cortex Eleuthe'ria, Cro-
ton  Eleuthe'ria seu Elute'ria,  Clu'tia Elute'ria,
 Thua Judao'rum, Cltacarilla cortex,  Caxearil'la,
Eleute'ria,  Gaacarilla.   Order, Euphorbiaceae.
Sex. Syat. Monoecia  Monadelphia.   (F.)  Quin-
quina aromatique, Cascarille, Chacrille. The bark
of  Croton Cascarilla of the  Bahamas,  Cortex
 Thuria,  Cascarilla,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  (F.)  Ecorce
SleuthSrienne,  has a slightly aromatic odour, and
bitterish  aromatic  taste.  The smoke has  the
odour of  musk.  The active parts are an essen-
tial oil and bitter extractive.  They are com-
pletely  extracted by proof spirit.  It is tonic and
stomaehic Dose, gr. xv to t^ss or more, in powder.
   Croton Eleutheria, Croton  cascarilla—c.  Ja-
malgota, C. tiglium—c  Lacciferum, see Lacca —
c. Oil, Croton tiglium.
   Croton Pseudo-china, Copalche bush. A South
American  plant, which yields a bark— Cortex
 Copalche  seu  Copalehi, very like that of Casca-
rilla.
   Croton Racemo'sum, Beenel. A small Mala-
bar tree,  whose  aromatic root, boiled in oil of
sesame, is employed, by the orientals, as a  lini-
ment in headach and  rheumatism.
   Croton Seeds, see Croton tiglium.
   Croton Tig'lium,c7. Jftniatf/o'ta, Cadel-Avanacu.
 (¥.) Petit Pignott  d'Inde.  A  Ceylonese plant,
every part of which  is  endowed with medicinal
power.   The root is a drastic cathartic : the wood,
 Lignum Pava'na,  Pavana  wood,  and the seed,
 have like virtues.  The  seeds have  been long
 known under the names, Grana Moluc'ca, Tilii
 Grana, and Grana  Tig'lii seu Tig'lia,  Croton
aeeds, Purging nuts.   From these seeds the Croton
 Oil, O'leum Tig'lii, is expressed. It is of a pale,
 brownish-yellow  colour, and  hot, biting taste;
and i3 a most powerful  drastic cathartic.  Dose,
 from half a drop to three drops, made into  pills
 with crumb of bread.  It is also applied exter-
nally as a rubefacient, 3 to 5 drops being rubbed
on the part; or one part of the oil and three parts
of olive oil may be added together, and a  little of
this be  rubbed on.
   CROTO'NE, Kpormvn.   A fungus, which grows
on trees, and is produced by an insect, from Kporuiv,
'a tick.'   By  extension, applied  to  a  fungous
tumour developed on  the periosteum.
   CROUP,  Cynanehe trachealis — c. Bronchial,
Polypus bronchialis—c. Cerebral, Asthma thymi- 
CROUPE                260                CRURAL
 eum--o. Cerebral spasmodic, Carpo-pedal spasm—
 c. Chronic, Polypus bronchialis — c. Faux, Asth-
 ma thymicum, see Cynanehe trachealis.
   Croup, Hvster'ic.  A spasmodic affection of
 the laryngeal muscles by no means unfrequent in
 hysterical females, — the paroxysm consisting in
 a long protracted, loud and  convulsive  cough,
 followed at  times by crowing  respiration, and
 by dyspnoea  so  great as to threaten suffocation.
 The treatment is that advised for hysteria.
   Croup, Pseudo, Asthma thymicum — c. Peeu-
 do-nerveux, Asthma thymicum — c Spasmodic,
 see Asthma thymicum, and Cynanehe  trachealis
 —c Spurious, Asthma thymicum.
   CROUPE, see Croupion.
   CROUPIOX (¥.), Uropyg'ium,  Orue,  Orrhoa,
 the Rump. The region of the coccyx.  The Crup-
 per, (F.)  Croupe.
   CROUP-LIKE  INSPIRATION OF IN-
 FANTS, Asthma thymicum.
   CROUP AL, Croupy.
   CROUPOUS, Croupy.
   CROUPY, Croupoua,  Crupo'aua, (¥.) Croupal.
 Relating, or appertaining to, or resembling  croup;
 as a 'croupy  cough.'  Hoarse.  (Prov.) Croopy.
   Croupy Inflamma'tion,/n/Jamma'fio croupo'sa,
 is the  inflammation  of a  mucous membrane, at-
 tended with a pseudo-membranous exudation.
   CROUTE, Crusta—c. de Lait, Porrigo larvalis
 —c. Laiteuae, Porrigo larvalis.
   CROUTEUX, Crustaci.
   CROWFOOT, Geranium maculatum—c. Brist-
 ly, Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus—c Bulbous, Ra-
 nunculus bulbosus — c. Bulbous-rooted, Ranun-
 culus  bulbosus — c.  Celery-leaved, Ranunculus
 sceleratus—c Crushed, Ranunculus sceleratus —
 c. Marsh, Ranunculus sceleratus—c. Meadow,
 Ranunculus acris—c Small-flowered, Ranunculus
 abortivus—c Tall, Ranunculus  acris—c. Water,
 smaller, Ranunculus flammula.
   CROWLING, Borborygmus.
   CROWN,  Coro'na, Steph'ane, (G.)  Krone,
 (F.) Cottronne.   In anatomy, this  name is given
 to parts of a  circular form, which surmount other
 portions of the same body.  Thus, the  Crown of
 a Tooth, Coro'na Dentia, (F.)  Couronne du Dent,
 is the portion of the tooth which projects  above
 the gum.
   CROWN OF THE HEAD, Vertex.
   Crown  of the  Glans, Coro'na seu  Tor'ulua
 glandia, (¥.)  Couronne du gland,  is the round,
 almost  circular, ring, which circumscribes  the
 base of the glans.
   Crown of  the Trepan, Modiolus,  (¥.) Cou-
 ronne du TrSpan, is a species of saw, in form of
 a crown, or rather of a portion of a cylinder,
 having grooves on its external surface,  and teeth
 at its lower extremity; the other being fitted to
 the handle of the trepan.
   Crown of Venus,  Coro'na Ven'erie, Gutta Ro-
 ea'cea Syphilit'ica, (F.) Couronne de VSnus. Red,
 rosy pustules, dry or moist on the face; but par-
 ticularly on the  forehead and  temples, owin<* to
 constitutional syphilis.
  CROWS' BEAK-LIKE PROCESS, Coracoid
 process.
   CRU, Crude.
   CRU'CIAL, from crux, crude, 'a cross.'  Cru-
 eia'lis, Crucia'tus.  Having the shape of a  cross.
 Appertaining  to a cross.
   Crucial Bandage, T Bandage.
  Crucial  Incis'ion, Incisu'ra  crucia'lis, (¥.)
 Inciaion cruciale.  An incision made in the form
 of a cross.  Often employed for exposing the cra-
nium, for the  purpose of applying the trepan.
  Crucial  Ligament of  the Atlas,  Annular
ligament of the Atlas.
  Cuucial Lig'aments,  (F.)  Ligaments croiaSs
\ ou cruciformee.  Two  strong ligaments within
 the knee-joint.  The anterior passes  obliquely
 from a  depression anterior to the spine of the
 tibia to the posterior and inner part of the exter-
 nal condyle of the  femur : — the other, the poate-
 rior, extends from  the posterior part of the spine
 of the tibia to  the  anterior and outer part of tho
 internal condyle.
   CRUCIATI DOLO'RES, Excruciating pains.
   CRUCIATUS, CroiaS.                       .
   CRU'CIBLE, from crux, crucia, 'a cross;' fio
 called — it has been supposed — from being made
 in the shape  of a  cross, or from having  a cross
 impressed  upon, it. [?]   Crucib'ulttm,  Cuti'nua
 fuso'riua,  Tigil'lum, Albot,   Cemente'rium,  (¥.)
 Creuaet.   A vessel of  earth, silver,  platinum,
 gold,  blacklead,  Ac, for  receiving substances,
 which have to  be exposed to a strong  heat.   It
 is sometimes covered with a top or lid. (F.) Cou-
 verch.
   CRU'CIFORM, from crux, crucis, ' a cross,' and
 forma,  'shape;'  Cruciform'is, Cross-shaped.   A
 name given to the  ligaments which close the  ar-
 ticulations  of the phalanges;  and likewise to  the
 crucial ligaments.
   CRUDE, Crudua, Omua, (¥.) Cru.   Raw, un-
 ripe, not concocted.
   CRUDITAS MORBI, see Crudity—c Ventri-
 culi,  see Crudity.
   CRU'DITY, Cnlditaa, Om'otea, Status  Crudi-
 ta'tia, from crudua,'  crude,'' unprepared,' Incoc'tua.
 Rawneaa, Crudeness.  This has received several
 acceptations.   1. It expresses the quality of cer-
 tain  aliments,  which have not experienced the
 action of fire.   2. The condition of matters in the
 digestive tube, which have not undergone the di-
 gestive changes—cru'ditas ventric'uli; and, 3. In
 the language of the Humorists, it means the con-
 dition of the morbific matter in a sick individual,
 cru'ditas morbi, when it has  not yet been pre-
 pared or concocted  by the action of the organs—
 Azym'ia humo'rum.
   The word is used  in the plural, Cru'dities, syno-
 nymously with crude matters.  (¥.) Matii-ret cruet.
 It is applied to those, when contained in the sto-
 mach and intestines.
   CRUE, Growth.
   CRUELS, Herpes Zoster, Scrofula.
   CRUENTA EXSPUITIO,  Haemoptysis.
   CRUES (Matilres), see Crudity.
   CRUME'NA VESI'OE.  The cavity of the
 urinary bladder.
   CRUOR.  Coagulated blood, gore.  The signi-
 fication of this  word is very vague.   It has been
 used to d. ignate blood  in general, venous blood,
 extravasated or coagulated blood, and the colour-
 ing matter.
   Cruor Sanguinis, see Blood.
   CRUORIN, Hsematin.
   CRUPOSUS, Croupy.
   CRUPPER,  Croupion—c Bone, Coccyx.
   CRUPSIA, Metamorphopsia.
   CRURA.  Tbe plural of cms, 'a leg.'  (F.)
 Cuiese.   Applied to  some parts of the body, from
their resemblance to legs or roots; as the Crura
cerebri, Crura cerebelli, Ac.
   Crura Anteriora Medulla Oblongata, Pe-
duncles of the  brain—c. Cerebelli, Peduncles  of
the cerebellum—c. Cerebelli ad Corpora Quadri-
gemina,  see Peduncles  of  the cerebellum — c.
Cerebelli ad Pontem, see Peduncles  of the cere-
bellum—c  Cerebri, Peduncles of the brain —c
Clitoridis  interna, Bulbus vestibuli—c. Medullas
oblongata?, Corpora restiformia, Thalami nervo-
rum opticorum, see  Peduncles  of the cerebellum
—c  Posteriora medullas oblongata, Peduncle!
of the cerebellum.
  CRUR-ffiUS,  Cruralis.
  CRURAL, Crura'lis,  from  eras,  erun«,  'tho 
CRURAL  ARCH           261
CRYPTA
thigh, and lower limb.'  What belongs  to  the
thigh or lower limb.
  Crural  Arch, In'guinal  or  Fem'oral Arch,
(¥.)  Arcade crurale ou  inguinale  (Ch.), Pou-
part"s Lig'ament, L. of Fal/o'piue.   This  arch is
formed by the internal portion of the inferior edge
of the aponeurosis of the obliquus externus mus-
cle, which  is attached,  at one end, to the  pubis;
at the other, to the anterior and superior spinous
process  of the  ilium.  At its posterior and inner
part, the aponeurosis, forming the arch, sends off
a falciform reflection, which is attached along the
:rest of the pubis, and is known under the name
of Gimbernat's Ligament.  Beneath  this arch,
the vessels, nerves, and muscles make their  exit
from the pelvis to the thigh.
  Crural Artery,  Arte'ria Crura'lie, Fem'oral
Artery,  (¥.)  Artere  crurale,  A. Pelvi-crurale,—
(Ch.,) is the continuation of the  external iliac.
It extends from the crural arch to the aperture
in the triceps,  or to  the ham.  Chaussier  applies
the  name Artlre crurale to the trunk, which ex-
tends from the primitive or common iliac to the
tibial arteries—embracing, of course, the external
iliac, femoral, and popliteal.
  Crural Canal, Crural  Ring, Fem'oral canal
 or ring.  M. Jules Cloquet has described this canal
with minuteness, and given it the flame Anneau
 crural,  Anneau fSmoral.   It is nearly an inch
long, triangular, more spacious above than below,
 and shorter and broader in the female than in the
 male.  Its upper orifice is bounded, anteriorly,
 by the crural arch;  posteriorly, by the crista of
 the  pubis;  on the  outer  side by the  psoas  and
 iliacus muscles, covered by the iliac aponeurosis,
 and, at the inner, by  Gimbernat's ligament.  This
 orifice is covered by  the peritoneum, and, accord-
 ing  to M. Cloquet,  is  closed by a more  or  less
 resisting septum, which he  has named  Septum
 crura'le, Crural aeptum.  In its course, the crural
 canal has its anterior parietes formed by the super-
 ficial expansion of the fascia lata: the posterior
 by the pectineus, covered by the deep-seated ex-
 pansion  of the  fascia; and more externally by the
 psoas and iliacus muscles, covered by an  expan-
 sion of the faacia iliaca.  Its inferior orifice is
 formed  by the  foramen of the fascia lata, which
 gives passage to the vena saphaena.   It is at the
 upper orifice of this canal, that Femoral or Crural
 Hernia,  Hernie inguinale  of Chaussier, occurs :
 which would be  more  common, were it  not for
 the  fibrous cellular septum there situate.
  Crural  Nerve   proceeds from  the  lumbar
 plexus, and  is situate  at  tbe outer side  of the
 psoas  muscle  and  crural artery.  After it  has
 passed  under  the  crural  arch, it  divides,  into
 cutaneous  and muscular  branches.   One of the
 branches, which is larger  than the rest, is called
 the  Sapha'na nerve.   It gives off filaments to the
integuments of the knee, to the inner part of the
leg, and to the dorsal  surface of the foot.   The
remainder of the branches of tbe crural are dis-
tributed to the anterior and inner part of the
 thigh.  The Ac'ceaeory of the Crural Xerve  is a
term given to  the 4th and 5th pairs of  lumbar
nerves.
  Crural Plexus  of Chaussier is  the union of
the  anterior branches  of  the last  four pairs of
lumbar nerves, and  the first four sacral;  forming
the  lumpar and aacral plexuses of most anato-
mists.
  Crural Ring, Crural canal — c.  Septum, see
Crural canal.
  ChUral Vein, Fem'oral Vein,  has the same
arrangement as the  artery.  It receives only one
great branch, the oaphsena.
  CRURAL, Triceps cruris.
  Crura'lis,  Cnira'ue.  A  part of the  Tricepa
crural of the French, or of the TrifSmororolulien
of Chaussier.   The cruralis is situate at the ante-
rior, outer, and inner part of the thigh.  It arises
fleshy, from between the two trochanters, adheres
firmly to most of the fore part of the os femoris,
and is inserted, tendinous, into the upper part of
the patella, behind the rectus.  Its use is to assist
the vasti and  rectus in the extension of the leg.
Under Muscle Tricepa Crural, the French describe
the cruralis and the two vasti.  Some small mus-
cular  slips, sometimes found under the crurasus
muscle, and inserted  into the capsular ligament
of the knee-joint, have been called Sub-crura'i.
  CRURIS RADIUS, Fibula.
  CRUS, Leg, Thigh—c. Fornicis, see Fornix.
  CRUST, Eschar—c Milk, Porrigo larvalis.
  CRUSTA.   A crust or scab:  (F.) Croute. An
assemblage of small flakes, formed hy the drying
up of a fluid secreted by the skin.
  The lining  membrane of the stomach and in-
testines has been called  Cruata villo'ea.
  Crusta Adamantina  Dentium, Enamel of the
teeth.
  Crusta Genu Equi'n^e, Hippogonyol'epue,
Sweat or Knee  Scab, Mock  or Encircled  Hoof
Knees, Hangers, Dew Claws, Night  Eyes, Horse
Cruet.  This morbid secretion from the horse has
been advised  in cases of epilepsy.  It is used in
the form of powder  (gr.  ij to gr. xx),  and of
tincture.
  Crusta Inflammatoria, Corium phlogistieum
— c.  Lactea,  Porrigo larvalis,  P. lupinosa — c.
Membranacea, Peristroma—c. Petrosa, see Tooth
—c. Phlogistica, Corium phlogistieum—c. Pleure-
tica, Corium phlogistieum—c. Pruriginosa,  Gutta
rosea—c. Serpiginosa, Gutta rosea—c Vermicu-
laris,  Peristroma — c. Villosa linguae, see Tongue
—c. Villosa ventriculi, see Stomach.
   CR USTACE, (¥.)  Alibert has substituted this
word;  in his  Nosology, for croitteux,  'crusty.'
Having crusts or scabs; as Dartre cruatacSe.
  CRUSTULA.   Diminutive  of  Crusta.   A
small shell or scab.  An  ecchymosis of the con-
junctiva.
  CRUSTUMI'NATUM.   A rob, prepared from
the Pyra Cruetumi'na or Cruatumerl na, (so called
from Crustuminum, a town in Italy, where they
grew.) boiled with  honey or  in rain-water.—
Aetius.
  CRUT, Nanus.
  CRUX CERVI.  An  ancient appellation for
the bone in the heart of  the stag.   It was once
considered useful in diseases of the heart.
  CRY,  Clamor, Boe, (¥.)  Cri.  The  sound of
the unarticulated voice.  The native voice, which
the idiot and  deaf possess equally with the man
of genius and  bearing.  The cry of tbe new-born
child has been called Vagi'tua,  (¥.)  Vagissement.
We say, "A  cry of joy,  of pleaeure, of pain,"
Ac, according to tbe expression which it may
convey to the hearer.
   CRYING, Parturition.
   CRYING-OUT, Parturition.
   CRYMO'DES, from  xpv/ios,  'coil.'  A  conti-
nued  fever, Febria crymo'dea, in which the inter-
nal parts feel hot, and the external cold; and
which was attributed to an erysipelatous inflam-
mation  of the lungs.—Aetius, Gorraeus.
   CRYMODYN'IA, from xpvpos, 'cold,' and otwn,
'pain.'   Chronic rheumatism, and all its modifi-
cations.—Baumes.
   CRYMO'SIS, from xpvpos,  'cold.'   Diseases
caused by the action of cold.—Baumes.
   CRYPSOR'CHIS,  from Kpvnrta,   T  conceal,'
and opxis, 'a testicle.' Cryptor' chia, Teat icon'due.
One in whom  the testes have not descended into
the scrotum.   The state is called, Cryptorchidia'-
mua, Parorchid'ium.
   CRYPTA, from  Kpvirros, 'concealed.'   Follic'-
ulose  gland,  Lacu'na,  Follic'ulue, (¥.) Crypte, 
CRYPT E
262
CUBITO-CARPIEN
Follicnle.   A crypt or follicle is a small, round-
ish, hollow body, situate  in the substance of the
skin or  mucous membranes — dypta  muco aa,
Follic'ulite muco'aua—and constantly pouring the
fluid, which it secretes, on their surfaces.
  The  use of the cryptal or follicular secretion,
is to keep the parts on which it is poured supple
and moist, and  to preserve them  from the action
of irritating bodies with which they have to come
in contact
  The little  rounded appearances at the ends of
the small arteries, in the  cortical substance of the
kidney, are also called Crypta.
   Crypta Mucosa, see Crypta.              ;
   Crypto  Lieberkuhnian^;,  Lieberkiihn s
glands—c. Sebaceae, Sebaceous glands.
   CRYPTE, Crypta.
   CRYPTOCEPH'ALUS,  from   Kpvnros,  'con-
 cealed,'  and  Ktif-aXn,  'head.'  A  monster whose
 head is  excessively small, and does not appear
 externally.—G. St. Hilaire.
   CRYPTOCOCCUS,  Fermentum,  Torula cere-
 visia—c Cerevisiae, Torula cerevisiae.
   CRYPTODID'YMUS, Fvetua infcetu.  A mon-
 strosity, in which one foetus is found contained
 in another.
   CRYPTOG'AMOUS, Cryptogam'ic,  Crypto-
 gam'ictis; from Kpvnros, 'concealed,' and yapos,
 'marriage.'  An epithet applied by botanists to
 plants whose organs of fructification are concealed
 or not manifest.  Ag'amoua plants are those whose
 sexual organs are not known.
   CUYPTOPY'IC,  Cryptopy'icua,  from  kpvtttui,
 'I conceal,' and ttuov, 'pus.'   A state of  disease,
 kept up by an occult abscess.
   CRYPTOPYICUS, Cryptopyic.
   CRYPTORCHIDISMUS, see  Crypsorchis.
   CRYPTORCHIS,  Crypsorchis.
    CRYPTS  OF LIEBERKUHN,  see Intestine
 —c. Synovial, Bursse mucosae.
    CRYSTAL, MINERAL,  Potassae nitras fusus
 sulphatis paucillo mixtus.
    CRYSTAL'LI.  Vesicles filled  with a watery
 fluid.  They are  also  called  crystal Una.   Pro-
  bably the pemphigus of modern writers.
    Chvstalli Lun.e, Argenti nitras.
    CRYSTALLIN, Crystalline.
    CRYSTAL'LINA, from  KpvoraXXos,  'crystal.'
  A vesicle  or phlyctaena, filled  with serum,  and
  appearing on the prepuce or in the vicinity of the
  anus, surrounded by a reddish extravasated aure-
  ola.  It may be syphilitic or not.   See Crystalli.
    Crystallina Tunica, Arachnoid membrane.
    CRYSTALLINE, Crystal Units.  Having the
  appearance of  crystal.
    Crys'talline, Crys'talline humour or Lens or
  Body, Crystallinus, Lens crystallina seu crystal-
  lo'i'dee,  Corpua Cryatallinum seu Disco'ldea seu
  GryatalloV dea seu Phacoi'des, Humor crystal/1 inns
  geu glacia'lia, Phetce, Phacea, Phacua, Gemma  Oc'-
  nli, (F.) Criatallin ou Crystallin, Ilumeur crystal-
  line,Corps crystallin seu phaco'ide, Lentille crystal-
  line.  A lenticular,  transparent body, situate be-
  tween the vitreous and aqueous humours of the
  eye, at the union of the  anterior third with the two
  posterior thirds of the organ.  It is composed of a
  soft exterior substance ; and an interior, composed
  of an  albuminoid substance, called Crya'talline
  or Kry* talline  by Hiinefeld,  (F.) Cryatalline,
  forming a solid  nucleus, in which a  number of
  elliptical  layers is  perceptible.   It is contained
  in a capaule, called Tu'nica ara'nea seu crystal-
  lina, Cap'sitln lentis, and receives, at its posterior
  surface, a  small branch of the central artery of
  the retina,  which is always readily distinguish-
  able in the foetus, prior to the seventh month of
  utero-gestation.
     The use of the crystalline is to refract the rays
   of light, and to serve as an achromatic glass: for
which its lamina; or layers, increasing in refrac-
tive power from the circumference to the  centre,
admirably adapt it
  CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS, see  Phacitis.
  CRYSTALLION, Plantago psyllium.
  CRYSTALLITIS, Phacitis.
  CRYSTALLOID, CryetalloVdea, from KpvoraX-
Xos,  'crystal,' and  tiios,  'form,' 'resemblance.'
Resembling crystal or the crystalline.   The cap-
sule  or  membrane of the  crystalline.  Also, the
crystalline itself.
  CRYSTALLUS MINERALIS, Potassae nitras
fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus.
  CRYSTALS, BLOOD, Hajmatoidin.
  CRYSTAUX D'HEMATINE, Haematoidin.
  CRYTHE, Hordeolum.
  CTEDON, Fibre.
  CTEIS, Pubes.
  CTESIPHONTIS  MALAG'MA.   A  plaster
 employed and described by Celsus.
  CUBA, see Havana.
   CUBAL  SIN I, Piper cubeba.
   CUBATIO, Decubitus.
   CUBEBA, Piper Cubeba.
   CUB1FORMIS,  Cuboid.
   CUBIT,  Ulna—c. Top of the,  Olecranon.
   CU'BITAL, Cubita'lia, Ulnar, Ulna'ria.  Con-
 nected  with or relating to the cubitua, or to the
 inner and posterior part of the-forearm.
   Cubital Artery, Arte'ria cubita'lia, A. ulna'-
 ria, arises  from the humeral a  little below the
 bend of the elbow; proceeds along the  anterior
 and inner part of the forearm ; passes anterior to
 the ligamentum annulare of the  carpus, and goes
 to  form, in the palm of the hand, the superficial
 palmar arch.  Besides tbe  numerous muscular
 branches, which it gives off in its course, it sends
 posteriorly the common trunk of the interoaaeoua
 arteriea, and internally, the two  cubital recur-
 rente, anterior and posterior,—articular branches,
 which  anastomose  on the inside  of the elbow with
 the divisions of the humeral artery.
    Cubital Muscles are two in  number.  1. The
  Cubita'lia  ante'rior  seu  inter'nua,  Flexor ourpi
 ulna'ris, Ulna'ria inter'nua, Epitrochlo-cubito-car-
 pien,  Cttbito-carpi'e-u — (Ch.), is a long muscle,
 situate at the anterior and inner part of  the fore-
 arm.   It arises from the inner condyle of the os
 humeri, at the inner side  of the olecranon, and
 from the posterior edge of the ulna,  and is in-
 serted  by a tendon  into the os pisiforme.  Its
 use is to bend the hand on the forearm, by di-
  recting  it slightly  inwards.   2.  The  Cubitalia
  poste'rior seu exter'nus, Exten'sor Carpi ulna'ria,
  Ulna'ris exter'nus, Cubite'ua exter'nus,  Cubito-aua-
  mStacarpien — (Ch.), is  situate at the  posterior
  part of the forearm.   It arises from the  external
  condyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into the
  superior extremity of the fifth bone of the meta-
  carpus.  Its use is to extend the hand,  inclining
  it a little inwards.
    Cubital Nerve,  Ulnar nerve, Cubito-digital—
  (Ch.), is furnished by the last two or three nerves
  of the brachial plexus, and is  distributed to the
  iuner  and anterior side of the forearm; to the
  inner  part of  the palm and of the back of the
  hand, and to the last two or three fingers.
    Cubital Veins, deep-seated, and  the Recur-
  rent cubital veina, accompany the corresponding
  arteries.   The superficial cubital veins  belong to
  the basilic. Chaussier calls themewra'neous cubital.
    CUBITALE (OS),  Cuneiform bone.
    CUBITALIS RIOLANI, see Anconeus.
    CUBITEUS EXTERNUS, see Cubital muscles.
     CUBITO-CARPIEN, see Cubital muscles—c.
  Cutane (nerf),  Cutaneous nerve — c. Phalanget-
  tien  commun, Flexor profundus  perforans — c.
  Radi-sua-mStacarpien du pouce. Abductor longus
  pollicis—c. Radial  Pronator radii quadratus. 
CUBITO-SUPRAPALMARIS    233               CULBICIO
  CUBIT 0 - SUPRAPALMA'RIS.  Belonging
to the cubitus and to the supra-palmar or dorsal
surface of the hand.   Chaussier gives this name :
1. To a small artery, which is given off by the
cu-jital or ulnar, a little  above the wrist.   2. To
a vein,-which accompanies this artery.
  C1RITO-SUS-METACARPIEN, see Cubital
muscles —c. Stts-mStacarpien du ponce,  Abductor
 Oligus polhcis — c. Sua-Phalangettien de lindex,
Extensor  proprius indicis —c. Sus-phalaitgettien
dtt  pome, E. longus  pollicis —c. Sua phalangien
du pouce, E. pollicis brevis.
  C U ' B I T U S, Kvfiirov, Cy'biton.   The  Elbow.
Also, one of the  bones of the forearm.  See Ulna,
and Forearm.
  Cubiti  s, (F.) CoudSe,  the  ancient name of a
measure 18 inches long.
  Cubitus Cost^e, see  Costa — c Supinus, see
Decubitus.
  CU'BOID,  Cnboi'dea, Cubo'i'deua,  Cubo'dea,
 Cubifor'mia, Cgboi'dce, Cyrto'ldea,  Grandino'sitm
oe,  Tes'aara,  Tessera oa,  Os  va'rium, from kv$os,
'a cube,' and tibos, 'form.'  Having the form of
a cube.  This name was  given by Galen to one
of the bones of the tarsus, and is  still retained.
It is situate at the anterior and outer part of the
tarsus; and is articulated, behind, with the cal-
caneum ;  before, with  the  last  two metatarsal
bones, and within, with  the third  os  cuneiforme,
 and sometimes with the scaphoides.  Its inferior
surface has an  oblique groove for the tendon of
the peroneua longua.
  CUCKOLD, Arctium lappa.
  CUCKOO FLOWER, Cardamine pratensis.
  CUCKOW BREAD, Oxalis aeetosella.
  CUCKOW PINT, Arum maculatum.
  CUCU'BALUS  BEHEN, Behen  officina'rum
Seu vulga'ria,  Sile'ne  injla'ta seu  crassifo'lia seu
 Tho'rei,  Visca'go  behen.  This plant  was once
considered alexipharmic  and  cordial.  It  is the
Spatling Poppy.
  CUCULLARIS, Trapezius.
  CUCULATUM MAJUS.   A barbarous term,
used by Ruland, for  brandy and spirit of wine.
  CUCULLATA, Sanicula.
  CUCULLUS,  Couvrechef  Cucupha,  Infundi-
bulum of the cochlea.
  CUCULUS, Coccyx, Pertussis.
  CUCUMBER, Cucumis sativus—c Asses, Mo-
mordica elaterium—c. Indian, Medeola Virginica
—o. Squirting or wild, Momordica  elaterium—c
Star, one-seeded, Sycios angulatus—c. Tree, Mag-
nolia acuminata.
  CCCUMER, Cucumis  sativus.
  CUCUMIS,  Penis — c Agrestis,  Momordica
elaterium.
  Cu'cuMIS COLOCYN'THIS, Citrul'lua Colocynthia.
Officinal names of the Colocynth or Bitter Apple,
Colocyn'thia,  Coloquint'ida,  Alhan'dal (Arab.),
Bitter Gourd, Bitter  Cucumber, (¥.)■ Coloqttinte.
Ord.  Cucurbitaceae.   Sex. Syst. Monoecia  Mona-
delphia.   A Turkey  and Cape of Good  Hope
plant.   The spongy  part or medulla of the fruit,
Cntocyn'thidie   seu   Cttcu'meris   Colocyn'thidia
Piilpa,  Colocynthia (Ph. U. S.), has a  bitter, nau-
seous,  and acrimonious taste, and is  a  strong
cathartic, acting chiefly on the upper part of the
intestines. It is scarcely ever used, except in
combination.
  Cucumis Mei.o.  The systematic name of the
Melon Plant,  Melo,  Common Melon,  (¥.)  Melon.
The fruit is an  agreeable aiticle of diet, but not
very digestible,  unless  when ripe.  The- seeds
possesn mucilaginous properties.
  Cucimis Sati'vus.  The  systematic  name of
the  Cu'cumber plant, Cuctimia,  Angoilrioii, Citre'-
olua,  Cu'cnmcr  or  Cuj-'vimer,  from  its curved
shape.   (F.)  Coiicombre  ordinaire.   The cucum-
ber, cowcumber, is used, when young, as a pickle,
when it is  called a Gherkin, (¥.) Cornichon.   It
is  not a fruit easy of digestion.  The seeds  are
mucilaginous.
  An ointment of  green  cucumbers — cucumber
ointment—is used as a cooling salve.  It is made
by  combining, by  means of heat,  the juice of
green cucumbers with lord and veal  suet.
  Cucumis Sylvestris, Momordica elaterium.
  CU'CUPHA, Cu'ctdlus, Plleua,  Sac'culua cc-
phalic'ua.  A sort  of coif or cap, with a  doubla
bottom,"between which is enclosed  a mixturo of
aromatic powders, having cotton for an excipieut.
It was formerly used as a powerful  cephalic
  CUCUR'BITA, d curvitate, owing to its shape
A ^ourd.   (F.) Citrouille.  See Cupping-glass.
  Cucurbita Anguria, C. citrullus.
  Cucur'bita Citrul'lus, C. Augu'ria seu ptn-
natif'ida.  The systematic  name of  the  Water-
melon plant;  Citrullus, Angn'ria,  Tetrangu'ria,
Sicilian  Oitrul,  Water-melon.   Ord.  Cucurbi-
taceae;  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia.  (F.J
Melon d'eau, Pustlque.  The juice of the  fruit is
very abundant, whence its name.   The  Water-
melon is extremely refreshing and agreeable, when
made cool, and is eaten like the common  melon.
It is very much used in the United  Stateo.
  Cucurbita Leucantha, C. lagenaria.
  Cucur'bita Pepo, P'epo.  The systematic name
of the Common Pompion or Pumpkin, Cuctir'bita.
The seeds  of this plant, as well, as  those  of  Cu-
cur'bita lagena'ria, Bottle-gourd, contain a large
proportion of oil, capable of forming emulsions.
They have been recommended in  cases of tape-
worm, in the dose of f^ss.  The fixed oil of the
seeds has been given, with success, in the same
cases, in the  dose of half a fluid ounce.
  Both  the fruit of Cucur'bita Lagena'ria, C.
leucan'tha, Pepo lagena'rius, {¥.) Calebaasea, and
that  of Cucur'bita Pepo,  Pepo vulga'ris, (¥.)
Potiron, Courge, are eaten.
  Cucurbita Pinnatifida, C. citrulluj.
  CUCURBITAIN, Cucurbitinus.
  CUCURBITATIO,  Cupping.
  CUCURBITE, see Alembic
  CUCURBITI'NUS,(F.) Cucurbit in.  This
name was  formerly given to the Tania solium,
because composed of rings  which  resemble  tho
seeds of  the gourd,—cucurbita.  The  ancients
believed, that the  rings,  which are sometimes
discharged, were  so many separate  worms.  See
Taenia.
  CUCURBITULA, Cupping-glass.
  Cucukbitul.* Cruext^i;, Cupping with the sca-
rificator—c cum  Ferro, Cupping with the scari-
ficator—c. Sicca3, Cupping, dry.
  CUDWEED, Antennaria plantaginifolia, Gna-
phalium margaritaceum.
  CUILLEREE, Cochleare.
  CUIR, Corium—c. Chevelu,  Scalp.
  CUISSART.  A wooden leg.  See Cornu am-
monis.
  CUISSE, Thigh, Crus —c. PostSrieure du cer-
velet, Corpus restiforme.
  CUISSON (¥.).  A smarting, burning pain.
  CUIVRE,  Cuprum — c. Ammoniacal, Cuprum
ammoniatum — c. et Ammoniaque, sulfate de, Cu-
prum ammoniatum—c. Limaillea de, see Cuprum
—c.  Soua-acSteite de, Cupri subacetas—c. Sulfate
de, Cupri sulphas.
  CUIVREUX  (¥.), Copper-coloured. A tint of
complexion, (F.)  Teint cutvreux, such as  is ob-
served in cancerous affections.  Syphilitic  ulcers
of the throat, Ac, are often copper-coloured.
  CUJETE, Crescentia cujete.
  CULBICIO.   A Latin word, employed  by
old writers  as synonymous with ardor urinae and
gonorrhoea. 
CULBUTE              2 64                   CUP
  CULBUTE (¥.).  'A tumble head-over-heels.'
A movement which the foetus has been  supposed
to execute at the end of the 7th month of utero-
gestation; and by means of which, it was pre-
sumed, the head presented towards the orifice of
the uterus; a change of situation  which  is im-
practicable in  ordinary circumstances.
  CULCITA SAUNA, Halotyle.
  CULEON, Anus.
  CU'LEUS.   A measure containing 20 barrels,
or 40 urns, equal to 180 gallons. — Pliny, Gor-
raeus.
  CULEX, (F.) Cousin.  A genus of insects, un-
happily too well known in almost every part of
the world, on  account  of  their bites, which give
rise  to  painful, local  inflammation.  The gnata
and muaquitoea belong to this genus.
  CULI FLOS, Cardamine pratensis.
  CULILAWAN, see Laurus culilawan.
  CU'LINARY ART, from  cttlina, 'a kitchen.'
'Cookery, Ree  culina'ria seu coqua'ria, Ars culi-
na'ria seu coquina'ria, Magelrice.  The  art of
preparing meats for the table.  In judging of the
dietetic properties of various kinds of aliment,
the culinary process to which  they have been
subjected will always  have  to be  considered.
Many of  tbe  writers on the culinary art have
been  physicians.
  CULLITLAWAN, see Laurus culilawan.
  CULMINATIO, Acme.
  CULTELLAtRE (¥.), from cultellus,  a 'little
knife.'  Le cautlre ettltellaire, known also under
the name Couteau de feu, Fire-knife, is used for
what the French  term  the Cautlre transcurrente.
(See  Cauterization.)  It is shaped like  a small
hatchet.
  CULTELLUS, Culter, Knife—c Anceps, Knife,
double-edjied—c Uncus, Knife,  crotchet.
  CULTER, Cultel'lua, from colo, cultum, 'I cul-
tivate.'  A  coulter,  a  knife,  scalpel,  macha'ra,
macha'rion, macha'ris.   Also, the third lobe of
the liver, so called from some fancied resemblance.
—Theophilus Protospatarius.
  Culter Curvus,  Knife, crooked—c. Falcatus,
Knife, crooked—c Lenticularis,  Knife, lenticular
— c.  Rectus,  Knife, amputation — c Tonsorius,
Razor.
  CULTRIV'OROUS,  Cultriv'orvs, from culter,
'a knife,'and  vorare,  'to  devour.'  Individuals,
who  have seemed to swallow knives with impu-
nity, have been so called;—Knife-eaters.
   CULUS,  Anus.
   CULVER'S PHYSIC, Leptandra Virginica.
   CULVER'S ROOT, Leptandra purpurea,
   CUMAMUS, Piper cubeba.
   CUMIN, Cuminum cyminum — c. Faux, Ni-
gella—c. dea Prla, Carum.
   CUMI'NUM  CYMI'NUM.  The  systematic
 name of the  Cummin  or  Cumin  plant, Cuminum
 niinn'titm seu  Roma'num, Cyminum,  Cuminum,
 Carnaba'dium.  Ord.  Umbelliferae.   Sex. Syat.
 Pentandria Digynia.   (F.)  Cumin,  Anis  aigre.
 The  seeds of cummin, which is a native of Egypt,
 have a warm, bitterish, disagreeable taste. Water
 extracts their odour,  and  spirit takes up both
 odour and taste.   They are not  used, except in a
 plaster, which bears their name.  When drunk in
 wine, the arieients believed they produced pale-
 ness; hence,  Horace  called  cummin  exaangue;
 and Juvenal, pal/ens.—Dioscorides, Pliny.
   Cuminum Minutum, C. cyminum — c Nigrum,
 Nigella—c Pratense, Carum — c. Romanum, C.
 cyminum.
   CUMMIN, Cuminum cyminum.
   CU'MULUS, 'a heap or pile.'  A rounded pro-
 minence, in the centre of the proligerous disk, in
 which there is a small opake cavity that  contains
 the ovum.  See Tache embryonnaire.
   Cumulus, Germinal, Tache embryonnaire—c.
Germinativus, Tache embryonnaire — 0. Prolige-
rus,  Tache embryonnaire.
  CUNEA'LIS SUTURA,fromcuneiw, 'awedge.'
The suture formed between the great and little
aUe of the sphenoid bone and the os frontis.—
Blasius.
   CUNEEN (¥.), Cunea'nus.  Relating  to  the
cuneiform bones.
  Articulations CunSennes; — the joints between
the  cuneiform bones, as  well as  between them
and other parts.
   Liijamenta CunSennes ; — the ligaments which
hold the cuneiform bones  together.
   CU'NEIFORM, Cuneifor'mis,  SphenoVdes,
from cuneua, 'a  wedge,'  and forma, 'shape.'
 Wedge-shaped.   This  name  has  beeu given  to
several bones.  1. To  the sphenoid.  2.  To  a
bone of the carpus, situate between the os luuare
and os orbiculare.  It is, also, called Oa Pyrami-
da'le, Oa Triq'uetrum, and Oa Cubita'le.   3. To
the  basilary process of the occipital  bone: and,
4. To three of the bones of the tarsus, which are
distinguished, according  to eituation, reckoning
from within outwards, into fir8t, second, and third,
— or internal, middle, and external: and accord.
ing  to  size,  reckoning  in the same  order, into
great,  small, and  middle-sized.   Tbe posterioi
surface of these bones  is united to  the anterior
face of the scaphoides; the anterior surface with
the corresponding metatarsal  bones;  and, in ad-
dition, the external surface of the  third is articu-
lated, behind, with the cuboides.  They are also
called Chalco'idea ossa seu oaaic'ula.
   Cuneiform Cartilages of the Larynx, Car.
tilagea  of Wriaberg, are  two small cylinders  of
fibro-cartilage, about seven lines  in length, and
enlarged at each extremity.   By the base, the
cartilage is attached to the middle of the exter-
nal  surface of the arytenoid; and its upper ex-
tremity forms a prominence on the border of the
aryteno-epiglottidean fold of membrane.  They
are  sometimes wanting.
   CUNEO.  In composition,  appertaining, or re-
lating, to the cuneiform bones.
   Cu'neo-Cu'boid, Cuneo-cuboideua.  Belonging
to the cuneiform bones and cuboides.
   Cuneo-Cuboid Articula'tion is formed by the
 third  cuneiform bone  and cuboides.   It is fur-
nished with a synovial capsule, and  two cuneo-
cuboid  ligamenta:—a dorsal and a plantar.
   CU'NEO-SCA'PHOID, Cuneo-scapho'i'des. Be-
 longing to the cuneiform  bones and scaphoid.
   Cuneo-Scaphoid Articula'tion is  formed  by
 the posterior surfaces of  the  three ossa cuneifor-
 mia, and the anterior surface  of the scaphoid.   It
 is  furnished  with  a synovial  capsule and liga-
 ments, some of which are dorsal, others plantar.
   CUNILA, Satureia  capitata — c. Bubula,  Ori-
 ganum.
   Cini'la Maria'na, Saturei'a origandi'det, Co-
 lamin'tha erec'ta Virginia'na, Ditt'any, American
 or Mountain Dittany,  Mint-leaved or Maryland
 Cunila, Stonemint, Wild  Basil, Sweet  Horsemint,
 (¥.) Cunile  d'AmSrique.  A small  indigenous
 herb,  Order, Labiatae, growing  on   dry, shady
 hills, from  New England to  Georgia,  and flower-
 ing in June and  July.  Its medical properties
 are dependent upon essential oils, like the mints.
   Cunila, Maryland, Cunila mariana—c Mint-
 leaved, C. mariana—c Muscula, Inula dysente-
 rica— c Pulegioides,  Hedeoma pulegioides — c.
 Sativa, Satureia hortensis.
   CUNILAGO, Inula dysenterica.
   CUNILE D'AMErIQUE, Cunila mariana,
   CUNNUS, Vulva.
|   CUP, (Sax.) COpp, Scutella, Catillus, Patella,
 Excip'ula,  (¥.) Palette, Poelette, Poiletle,  Vaae A
[ saigner.  A small vessel of  a determinate  size, 
CUPAMENI              265                   CURA
for  receiving the  blood during venesection.  It
generally contains about  four ounces.  A bleed-
ing of two  cups is,  consequently, one of eight
ounces.
  CUPAMENI, Acalypha Indica.
  CUPIDITAS,  Voluntas-7c.  Desedendi, Vo-
luntas desedendi.
  CUPIDO, Appetite.  Also, Cupid,  the  god of
love,  in ancient mythology :—Deua copulutio'nia.
  CUPOLA, see Infundibulum of the cochlea.
  CUPPED, see Corium  phlogistieum.
  CUPPING, Cataeasm'us, from (F.) couper, 'to
 cut;'  or to draw blood in vessels resembling cups;
 Applica'tio  cttcurbita'rum seu   cucurbitula'rum,
 Cucurbita'tio.  A species of blood-letting, per-
 formed by a scarificator, and glass, called a cup-
 ping-glaaa,  Cucurbit'ula,  Cucurb'ita, Sic'ua, (Old
 Engl.) Bleeding-boist, (¥.)  Ventouse.   The lan-
 cets  are placed in such a manner in the  scari-
 ficator, that, when it is applied  upon the affected
 part, the whole are, by means of a spring, pushed
 suddenly into it.  After  scarification, the cup-
 ping-glass,  which has been previously exhausted
 by heat, or by an exhausting syringe, is  applied.
 The  pressure of  the air within  the glass being
 thus diminished, the necessary quantity  of blood
 may be drawn.  See Bdellometer.  Dry cupping,
 Cucurbit'ula  sicca,  is the application   of the
 glasses, without previous scarification ; (F.) Ven-
 touses eeches.   It is  used to  prevent the activity
 of absorption from any wounded part; occasion-
 ally, to excite suppuration in indolent abscesses;
 and  to remove the pus when  an abscess is opened.
  Cupping, without any epithet, means the' abstrac-
 tion  of blood by means  of the  scarificator and
 cups: — (F.) Ventouaes acarifiSea, (L.)   Cucurbi-
 tula  cruenta, C. cum Ferro, wet cupping.  The
 verb ' to cup,' signifies to draw blood by cupping.
    CUP-PLANT, Silphium perfoliatum.
    CUPRESSUS, Kvnapiooos, C. sempervirens—c
 Arbor  vitae, Thuya  occidentalis — c.  Disticha,
  Taxodium  distichum.
    Cupress'us  Sempervi'rens, C.  pyramida'lis.
  The systematic name of  the Cuprea'sus, Cypitris'-
  aus,  Cypreae, (¥.) Cyprla.  Nat. Ord. Coniferae.
  The berries, leaves,  and wood, have been  con-
  sidered astringent  and  useful  in  intermittents.
  The whole plant abounds with a bitter, aromatic,
  and terebinthinate fluid.
    Cupressus Thyoi'des, White cedar, indigenous.
  An infusion of the  tops  is said  to be stomachic,
  and, when taken warm,  diaphoretic.
    CUPRI  AMMONIO-SULPHAS, Cuprum am-
  moniatum—c. et Ammoniae  sulphas, Cuprum am-
  moniatum—c. Diaeetas, C. subacetas.
    Cupri  Limatu'ra, Filinga  of Copper,  (¥.)
  Limaillea de  Cuivre, have  been used in  hydro-
  phobia.  It has  been remarked under  Cuprum,
  that they are inert.
    Cupri Rubigo, Cupri subacetas.
    Cupri Subace'tas, C. Diace'taa seu  Rubigo,
  ASru'go, Ver'digria, Hi span' icum vir'ide, Prasl-
  num viride,  Crystals of Venue, Vir'ide  JE'ris.
  ASru'ca, Cal'cithoa, Subac"etate of Copper, (¥.)
  Soue-acState de Cuivre, Vert-de-gria,  Cryataux  de
  VSnua, Verdet.  Impure subacetate of copper.
  This, as usually  met with,  is in masses, difficult
  to break ;  not deliquescent; foliaceous ;  of a fine
  bluish-green colour,  and salt taste.  It  is tonic,
  emetic, escharotic, and detergent;  but scarcely
  ever employed internally.   Chiefly  used in de-
 tergent  ointments.   Dose, as  a  tonic, under
 i  gr.:  emetic, from gr. j  to gr. ij.  Powdered
 verdigris appears to  be  the active ingredient  in
 Smellome'a Eye-aalve, which may be  imitated by
 rubbing half a drachm of finely-powdered verdi-
 gris with a little  oil,  and then  mixing it with an
 ounce of yellow basilicon.
    An ointment composed of one drachm of finely-
powdered verdigris, with an ounce of lard or sper-
maceti ointment, is used in psoriasis, tetter, Ae.
  Cupri Sulphas, Vitriolum Cu}n-i seu  Ven'eris
seu Cyp'rium seu  Cyp'rinttm seu Caru'lemn  seu
Roma'num,  Cuprum Vitriolu'tum, Lapia  Caru'-
leus, Sulphate of Copper, Blue Stone, Blue Vitriol,
Roman Vitriol, Mortooth,  (¥.) Sulfite de Cuivre,
is in  rhomboidal, rich,  blue,  semi-transparent,
efflorescing crystals.  The taste is harsh, styptic,
and corrosive.  It is soluble in four parts of water
at 60°, and is  tonic, emetic, astringent, and es-
charotic.  As a tonic, it  has been used in epi-
lepsy, intermittents, Ac.  Dose, as  a tonic, gr.
£ to  gr. ij, in pill;  as an emetic, gr. ij to x, in
water.  A very weak solution is sometimes used
in ophthalmia and  in gleet;  and it forms  the
basis of Bates's Aqua camphora'ta, which  has
been recommended, diluted with sixteen parts of
water, in the purulent ophthalmia of children.
   Cupri  Sulphas Ammoniacalis, Cuprum am-
moniatum—c Vitriolum,  Cupri  sulphas.
   CUPRUM, Chalcos, sEs. Venus of the Alchy-
mists: Copper, Cyp'rium,  Vir'ide monta'num, (F.)
 Cuivre.   Its odour is peculiar and sensible when
rubbed; taste disagreeable  and metallic; colour
red yellow.   S. g. 7.87;  ductile: very malleable;
less hard than iron; easily oxidized.  In its me-
tallic state, it exerts  no action on the  system.
 When  swallowed,  it undergoes  no deleterious
change.  Copper cannot be dissolved whilst tin is
in the mixture, and hence  the  utility of tinning
 copper vessels. Copper culinary vessels  are harm-
 less under ordinary cleanliness, provided the  sub-
 stances be not  suffered to remain in them till
 eold.  The salts  of  copper are very deleterious.
   Cuprum Aluminatum,  Lapis divinus.
   Cuprum  Ammonia'tum,  C.  Ammoniaca'le seu
 Ammoniacum seu ammoulaco-aiilphu'ricum,  Am-
 monia'ted Copper, Ammoniacal Sulphate of Cop-
per,  Ammoniure'turn Cupri, Sal anti-epilep'ticue
 of Wisissmax, Sulfaa  Cupri ammoniacillia seu
 ammoni'aca cupra'tus seu Sulfas Cupri et Ammo'-
 nia, Subaulfaa ammo'nio-cu'pricus Deutor Sulfas
  Cupri et  Ammo'nia,  Cupri  Ammo'nio-sulfas,
 Ammo'nia  Cupro-sulphas,  Ammo'nio-sit/phate  of
  Copper, (¥.)  Sulfate de  cuivre et d'ammoniaque,
  Cuivre ammoniacal.   (Cupri Sulph. ^ss ; Ammon.
  Carb. !Jvj.   Rub in a glass mortar till efferves-
  cence ceases.  Wrap  the ammoniated  copper in
  bibulous paper,  and dry  with a  gentle  heat
  Keep in a well-stopped glass bottle.— Ph. U. S.)
  A crystalline powder of a rich  violet colour, and
  hot, styptic taste.   By exposure to air, it becomes
  partly converted into  carbonate of copper.   It is
  tonic and astringent, and has been chiefly em-
  ployed in epilepsy and other obstinate  spasmodic
  diseases.  Dose, gr. £ gradually increased to gr.
  iv, in pill.
   Cuprum Vitriolatum, Cupri sulphas.
   CU'PULAR, Ctipula'ris, (¥.) Cupulaire ; horn
  cupula, 'a small cup.'  Of or belonging to a cupula.
   Cupular Cau'tery, (F.) Cautlre cupulaire, is
  an iron in the shape of a cupula, formerly used to
  cauterize the skin of the cranium in certain dis-
  eases, as epilepsy, chronic headach, Ac.
   CURA,  Cura'tio, Merim'na, Merim'ne.   At-
  tention to,  or treatment or cure of,  a disease.
  Keuchen defines Cura, ' medicine,' and Curator,
  'the physician.'   Curatio, also, sometimes means
  purification;  as, Adepa suillus  curatus. — Scribo-
  nius Largus.
   Cura Avena'cea.   A decoction of  oafs and
  succory  roots, in which  a little nitre  ani sugar
  are dissolved.  Used as a refrigerant.
   Cura Derivativa, Derivation—c Fumigatoria,
  Thymiatechny.
   Cura Magna.   'Great cure.'   A  term em-
  ployed, at times, for a method  of treatment pre-
  ferable to  all others.   Thus  ptynlism  has,  by 
CURABLE               266          CUSPARIA  BARK
many,  been considered the "cura  magna" for I
syphilis.
  Cura Mi-dean v. Transfusion — c. Palliativa,
see Palliative — c Radicalis, see  Palliative — c.
Revulsoria, see Derivation.
  CU'RABLE, Sanab'ilia,  Acea'toa, Acca'mina,
Pda'inios, Medicab'ilia, Med'icoble, Satiable, (F.)
GuSrisaable.  That which  is susceptible of cure.
An epithet applied to both patients and diseases.
   CURAGE, Polygonum hydropiper.
  CURA'RE,  Wonrali,  Woorali, Woorara, Wiu-
rari,  Wooraru.  Wuriili.  Urari,  Urali, Ourari,
Voorara.   A  very energetic  vegetable  poison,
employed by  the South  American  Indians to
poison  their arrows. It is said to be obtained from
the bark of a species of convolvulus, called  Vejuco
de Mavacure, but is referred by Martius  to Strych-
nos Gniaiien'sis,  and  by  Dr.  Schomburg to S.
toxica'ria seu toxif'era.  The  juice of Echltea
auberec'ta, another apocyanaceous  plant, is  said to
enter  into its composition.   Dr. Brainard  thinks
it contains the poison  of serpents as its main in-
gredient.
  CURATIO,  Medc'bt,  Sana'tio,  A'cesis, Al-
thex'is,  Althax'ia, Theropela. I'dsis,  Curatioti,
Treatment  (¥.)  Traitement.  The aggregate of
means  employed for  the cure of disease.  See
Therapeutics.
  Curatio, Cura, Cure — c  Contrariorum per
Contraria,  Allopathy — c.  Morbi per  Inediam,
Liraotherapia.
  CU'RATIVE,  San'ative, San'alory, Healing,
Acesopllorns, Accsino'sua.  Relating to the cure
of  a  disease.   Curative  Indications   are  those
which point* out the treatment to be  employed.
Curative Treatment, that employed in the cure of
disease, in opposition  to preservative or prophy-
lactic treatment.  We say, also, Curative Proceea,
Curative Means, Ac.
   CURATOR INFIRMORUM, Infirmier.
   CURCAS PURGANS, Jatropha curcas.
   CURCULIO, Penis.
   CURCUMA  ANGUSTIFOLIA,  see  Arrow-
root—e. Aromatica, Kastupferiii rotunda.
   Curcu'ma  Longa,  Curcu'rna, Amo'mum Ottr-
eu'ma, Borri, Bor'riberri, Cober'ri, (Hindoostan,)
Crocus  In'ilictta, Terra  Mer'ita, Cannac'orua ra-
di'ce  crimen,   Mayel'la,  Ktta Kaha, Cype'rua
Itldicua, Kvirtipos  Iviixos of Dioscorides [?], Tur-
meric,  (F.) Racine de Safran, Sof'ran  dea hides,
Souchet  des  Indea.  Ord. Zingiberaceae.  Tur-
meric root—the rhizouia of curcuma longa—Cur-
cuma (Ph. U. S.), is brought from the East Indies;
but is possessed  of very little, if any,  medipinal
efficacy.  It  is one of  the ingredients in Curry
Powder.
   Curcuma Zedoaria, see Kaempferia  rotunda—
c.  Zerumbet,  see Kaempferia rotunda.
   CURD, Curd of Milk, Lac pres'aum, (¥.) CaillS,
Lait cuillS. The eoagulated or curdled (Coac'tue,
Coagula'tua, (¥.)  CuillS ou  Caillebotte,) part of
milk.
   Curd, Alum, Coagulum aluminosum.
   CURE;  from  cura,  'care.'  Aces'ia,  A'ceaia,
Aces'mus,  Cura'tio, C. felix, Sana'tio, San'itaa,
(F.) GuSrison.  A restoration to  health;  also,  a
remedy; a restorative.
   CURE-ALL,  Geum  Virginianum,   Oenothera
biennis.
   CUREDENT,  Dentiscalpium.
   CURE DU RAISIN, Grape-cure.
   CURE-LANGUE, (¥.)  Lingua  acalpium,
Tongue-arraper.  An  instrument  of ivory, tor-
toise-shell, Ac, shaped like a  knife or rasp, for
removing the mucous  coating which covers the
tongue  after sleep, Ac.
   CURE-OREILLE, Ear-pick.
   CURETTE, Scoop.
   CURMI, Oourmi.
   CUB.RANT, BLACK, Ribes nigrum —c. Red,
 Ribes rubrum.
   CURRANTS, see Vitis Corinthiaca.
   CURRY or CURRIE POWDER.  A  condi-
 ment, formed of various spices, and eaten with
 rice, particularly in India.  The following is one
 of the forms of its preparations :  Sent, coriand.
 Sjxviii, pip.  nigr. t^ij,  cayen. £'), rad. curcuma,
 aem. cnmini, aa t^iij, aem.fenugr. !Jiv : mix.
   CURSUMA HEMORRHOIDALS HERBA,
 Ranunculus ficaria.
   CURSUS,  Running—c.  Matricis, Leucorrhoea
 —c. Menstruus, Menses.
  • CURVAMEN, Curvature.
   CURVATEUR  DU COCCYX,  Curvator Coc-
 cygis.
   CURVATIO, Campsis.
   CURVATOR COCCY'GIS, (F.) Curvateur dtt
 Coccyx.  Soinmering gives this name to a small
 bundle  of fleshy fibres, which descends  on the
 middle of the coccyx, uniting on each side with
 the ischio-coccygei muscles.  It is a part of those
 muscles.
   CUR'VATURE, Curvatu'ra, Curva'men, Flex-
 u'ra, Gnamp'sis, from curvare, curvatiim,, 'to
 bend.'  Cyrto'ma,  (¥.) Courburv.  The condition
 of a line or surface, which approximates more or
 less to  the form of an arc; as the curvatures of
 the  spine, duodenum,  stomach, Ac.  Accidental
 curvatures of bones are  the  effect  of rickets, or
 Mollitiea oaaium.  The Greeks  called the curva-
 ture of the spine, 'vfios, okoXios, and Xopios, accord-
 ing  as the deviation was backwards, laterally, or
 forwards.
   Curvature, Pott's, Vertebral disease.
   CURVE OF CARUS, see Pelvis.
   CURVED LINES, Lin'ea aemicircnla'rea ex-
 ter'na seu arcua'ta, (¥.) Courbes  Lignes.  Two
 crooked lines or projections on the posterior sur-
 face of the occipital bone. They are distinguished
 into auperior and inferior.  Some lines on the os
 innominatum are also so called.
   CURVIMER, Cucumis sativus.
   CUSCO-CINCHONIA, Aricina.
   CUSCUS, Andropogon muricatus.
   CUSCUTA, C. Europaea.
   Cuscuta Chlorocarpa, see C. Glomcrata.
   Cuscu'ta Epith'ymum, C. minor.   The system-
 atic name of the Dodder of Thyme,  Epith'ymum,
 Epith'ymum  Cuacu'ta seu Cre'ticttm.  Ord. Con-
 volvulaceae.  A parasitical  plant, possessed of a
 strong,  disagreeable smell, and  a  pungent taste
 very durable in  the mouth.  It was  once used as
 cathartic in  melancholia.
   Cuscuta EcropVa  seu major seu vnlga'rie seu
 tetran'dra seu filiform'is, Cuacu'ta,  Epith'ymum
 officina'rum,  was  conceived  to possess  similar
I properties.
   Cuscuta Filiformis, C  Europaea.
I   Cuscuta Glomera'ta, and  Cuscuta  Chloro-
 CAr'pa, Dodder, Amer'ican Dodder, indigenous
 plants,  are  bitterish,  subastringent, tonic, and
 antiperiodic
   Cuscuta  Majqr, C. Europaea — c Minor, C.
 Epithymum—c. Tetrandra, C. Europaea—c. Vul-
 garis. C. Europaea.
   CUSHIA, Heracleum spondylium.
   CUSHY-COW-LADY, Coccinella septempunc-
 tata.
   CUSPARIA BARK, see C. Febrifuga—c Bark,
 False, Brucea  antidysenterica, and Strychnos
 nux vomica.
   Cuspa'ria  Febrif'uga,  Bonplan'dia  trifo-
 lia'ta  seu  anguatu'ra, Anguatu'ra  (Ph. U. S.),
 Galipa'a  febrifuga.   Order,  Rutacem.    The
 South American tree which furnishes the Cuspa'-
 ria or Angustura Bark, (¥.) Angusture ou Angoe-
 ture vraie, Quinquina faux de Virginie..  Accord-
 ing to Dr. Hancock, however, the Angustura bark 
CUSPIS                267                 CYANIC
is  derived  from Galipa'a  officinalis, Sex. Syat.
Dceandria Monogynia, Nat. Ord. Diosmece ; and
this view has been adopted in the Pharmacopoeia
of the United States.  Its odour is peculiar; taste
intensely  bitter and slightly aromatic;  pieces
thin; externally, gray and wrinkled; internally.
yellowish-fawn ; fracture, short and  resinous.   It
yields its virtues to water and to proof spirit.   It
is  tonic, stimulant, and aromatic.  Dose, gr. v to
xx or more, in powder.
   CUSPIS.   A spear.  This  name has been
given to the glans penis. — Rolfink.  It  meant,
also, a kind of bandage.
   CUSTODIA VIRGINITATIS, Hymen.
   CUSTOS, Vulva.
   CUT, from (F.) coutean, 'a  knife,'  or from
West Gothic, kota, 'to cut;', or from Kottria,  T
■cut.'^  Casu'ra,  Tome, Incis'io,  Vulnus simplex,
 Tresis vulnua simplex,  Cope, (¥.)  Coupure.  A
common expression for  the division  or solution
of continuity made by a sharp instrument
   CUTAM'BULUS, from  cutis, 'skin,'  and am-
 btdo, T walk.' ' Walking in the skin.' An  epithet
given to certain parasitical  animals, which creep
under the  skin—such as the Guinea-worm; and
 to certain pains felt between the skin and flesh,
 as it were.
   CUTANEAL, Cutaneous.
   CUTANEO-SOURCILIER,   Corrugator  su-
 percilii.
   CUTA'NEOUS, Cttta'neal, Cttta'neua, (¥.) Cu-
 tanS, from cutia, 'the skin.'  Belonging to the skin.
   Cutaneous  Diseases,   Eruptions, Epiphy'-
 mata,  are  the numerous affections  of a  morbid
 oharacter to which the skin is liable—Dermato-
 pathla, Dermato'aea.
   Chronic  cutaneous diseases may be thus classi-
 fied:
                        ' Urticaria.
                          Roseola.
                          Erythema.
                          Pemphigus.
                          Rupia.
                          Herpes.
                          Scabies.  [?]
                          Eczema.

        Pustular.........  jlTtig°'
                        (  Ecthyma.
                        'Lichen.
      4. Papular..........  -{  Strophulus.
                          Prurigo.
                        ' Lepra.
      5. Squamous.......  -s  Psoriasis.
                        „ Pityriasis.
                        r Acne.
                          Sycosis.
      6. Folliculous......  -{  Ichthyosis.
                          Trichosis.
                          Favus.
   Cutaneous Exhalation and Absorption are
 those which  take place from the skin.
   Cutaneous, Middle  Posterior,  see  Sciatic
 nerve, lesser.
   Cutaneous Nerves, Cutanea! Nerves, so
 called, of the upper extremity, are two in num-
 ber. They are given off from the brachial plexus.
 The internal cntaneoue,  Cubito-cutanS, (Ch.,) de-
scends  along the  inner part of the arm, and di-
 vides above the elbow  into two branches;  the
outermost of which follows the outer edge of the
biceps, and spreads over the  anterior and inner
part of the forearm; and the innermost  accom-
panies the basilic vein, passing to the correspond-
ing side of the hand and little finger.  The exter-
nal cutaneous, Radio-cutanS (Ch.,)  Mua'culo-Cu-
ta'neua, Perforans Casse'rii, passes outwards;
perforates  the coraco-brachialis;  descends along
the anterior and outer part of the arm; passes
1. Exanthematous
2. Vesicular.
as far as  the  middle fold of the elbow under the
median cephalic; and descends along the ante-
rior and  outer  edge of  the forearm.   At some
distance  above  the  wrist,  it  divides  into  two
branches; an outer, which is distributed  on  the
back of the hand, the thumb and index finger;
and an inner, which descends ou the muscles of
the thumb into the palm of the  hand, and divides
into fine  filaments, which may be traced to  the
fingers.
   Cutaneoii8  nerves,  Middle cutaneous, two  in
number,  are  branches  of the  crural or femoral
nerve. They are distributed to  the integument
of the middle and lower part of the thigh  and
of the knee.
   Nercus Cutaneus Minor,  Lesser internal cuta-
neous nerve, Nerve of Wrisberg,  takes  its origin
from  the  axillary plexus, but is more particu-
larly  connected with the ulnar nerve.  It soon
separates from the ulnar, running afterwards be-
tween it and the inner side  of the arm.  A little
below the  axilla it  divides into two  branches,
which are distributed to the arm.
   Chaussier calls the cephalic and  basilic veins
the Radial and Cubital Cutaneous,
   CUTCII, Catechu.
   CUTE, Malleolus.
   CUTI, Catechu.
   CUTICLE, Epidermis — c. of  the Enamel, see
Enamel.
   CUTICULA, Epidermis.
   CUTIO, Oniscus.
   CUTIS, Pellis, Pella, Co'rium, Derma, Deris,
Anthro'pe, Antliro'pen,  Skin, (¥.) Peau, Derme.
A dense,  resisting membrane, of a flexible  and
extensible nature, which forms  the general en-
velope of the body; and is continuous with the
mucous membranes, through the  different natural
apertures.  It is generally considered to be formed
of three  distinct layers — the  Ipidermis, rete or
more properly corpus mucosum, and  corium (cutis
vera,  derma).  Some anatomists, however, sepa-
rate it into several others.  Its outer surface is
covered by a number of small eminences, called
papillae,  which are generally regarded as essen-
tially nervous  and vascular.  The skin is  our
medium  of communication  with external bodies.
It protects the  subjacent parts;  is ^e seat of
touch; and through it are exhaled the watery
parts of  the  blood, which are not needed in the
nutrition of the body.   The state of the skin, as
regards heat and dryness, affords useful informa-
tion in pathological investigations.  Its colour,
too, requires  attention :  the paleness of disease is
as characteristic as the rosy complexion of health.
The colour of  the  skin  varies according to the
age, sex, Ac.   As a general rule, it is finer in the
female and child than in the male and adult.  In
old nge it becomes light-coloured, thin, and  dry.
It likewise varies according to the races, Ac.
   Cutis  Anserina, Horrida cutis — c Carnosa,
Panniculus carnosus—c. Extima, Epidermis—c
Linguae,   see Tongue — c.  Suilla,  Couenne— c.
Summa,  Epidermis—c. Tensa Chronica, Indura-
tion of the cellular tissue—c. Ultima, Epidermis
—c. Vera, Corium, see Cutis.
   CUTITIS,  Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflammation.
   CUTLINS, Groats.
   CUTTING ON THE  GRIPE,  see Lithotomy.
   CUTTLE FISH, Sepia.
   CUTTUBUTH, Cutubuth, Kutubuth, Leucomo:
ria,  Melancholia  crrabund'a.   The  Arabian
physicians gave this name to a species  of melan-
choly, accompanied with so much agitation,  that
the patients cannot remain  tranquil  for the space
of an hour.
   CUURDO CANELLA, Laurus cinnamomum.
   CYAN'IC,  Cyan'icus, (F.)  Cyaniquej from 
CYANEPHIDROSIS         268             CYLLOSOMUS
niavof, 'blue.'  An epithet for the blue  stage of
a malady—as cholera.
  CYANEPHIDRO'SIS, from xvaros, 'blue,'w,
an augmentative preposition, and lipoui,' I sweat.'
Copious perspiration, which colours  the  linen
blue.
  CYANODERMIA, Cyanopathy.
  CYAN'OGEN,  (F.) Cyanoglne; from Kvavos,
'blue,' and ytvvaai, 'I generate.'   So called from
its  being  an  ingredient in Prussian blue.  It
forms, with oxygen, the  cyanic and other acids;
with hydrogen, the hydrocyanic acid.
  CYANOP'ATHY,  Cyanopathla, Cyano'aie,  C.
cardiaca, Cyanoder'mia, Hamato-cyano'aia, Ha-
mato-cyanopathia, Kyano'ais, Morbua  cant'leua,
Carulo'aia neonato'rum,  from Kvavos.  'blue,' and
xa&os, 'affection.'  (F.)  Cyanose, Maladie bleu,
Ictlre bleu.  A disease in which the surface of
the body is coloured  blue.  It is often symptom-
atic, and  commonly  depends on a  direct com-
munication  remaining between  the  cavities  of
the right  and left side  of  the  heart;  Pa'tency
of the fora'men ova'le, Acleitrocardie. — Piorry.
Such  communication does  not,  however, always
occasion tbe  blue disease,  but  it is generally
thought that  the  disease never  exists  without
this stato of parts; or without  some obstacle to
the circulation in the right side of the  heart.
The blueness  does not  seem to be owing to the
admixture of black  and  red  blood.  A child
affected with  blueness  is  said  to be cyanosed,
(¥.) CyanosS.
   CYANOSE, see Cyanosis.
   CYANOSIS, Cyanopathy—e. Pulmonalis, Ate-
lectasis pulmonum.
   CYANURETUM FERRO-ZINCICUM, Zinci
ferro-hydrocyanas.
   CYANUS, Centaurea  cyanus — c. iEgyptiacus,
Nymphsea nelumbo.
   Cy'anus  Seg"etum,  Bluebottle, (¥.) Bluet  ou
Bleuet  de8 Moissons,  Barbeau,  Aubifoin,  Casse-
Lunettea.   Ord. Compositae.  The blue flowers
of this European plant, (kvovos, 'blue,') when
distilled with  water, have been used in ophthal-
mia.
   CYAR, xvap.   'The eye  of a needle,' 'a small
hole.'   Tke Meatua  audito'rius internus.   See
Auditory canal (internal).
   CYATHIS'CUS, diminutive of xvaSos, 'a howl.'
 The concave part of a  sound, made  like a small
 spoon,  as in the case of the ear-pick.
   CY'ATHUS, ' a bowl.'  A measure, both of tbe
 liquid and dry kind, equal to about an ounce and
 a half,  or to the tenth part of a pint.   According
 to Pliny and Galen, about  10 drachms.
   Cyathus Cerebri, Infundibulum of the brain.
   CYBE, Head.
   CYBITON, Cubitus.
   CYBOIDES,  Cuboid.
   CYCAS CIRCINALIS, see Sago—c Revoiuta,
 see Sago.
   CYC'EON, from kvkoo), 'I mix together.'  The
 ancient name of a medicine of the consistence of
 pap, composed  of wine,  water, honey,  flour,
 barley meal, and cheese.—Hippocrates.
   CYCLAMEN EUROPJE'UM, Arthanlta, A.
 cyc'lamen,  Cyclam'inus,  Cyssan'themon,  Cyaao-
 phyllon, Pania porelnua, Cas'amum,  Chyllne,
 Sow-bread.   Ord. Primulaceae.  Sex. Syst. Pen-
 tandria Monogynia.  (F.) Pain du Porceau. The
 fresh root is  said to be acrid, bitter, drastic, and
 anthelmintic  Dose, !Jj.  For external use,  see
 Arthanita.
    CYCLE,  Cyclus,  from  kvkXos, 'a circle.'  A
 period or revolution of a certain number of years
 or days.   The Methodists  gave this name to an
 aggregate of curative  means, continued  during
a certain number of days.  Nine was the usual
number.
  Cycle, Hebdom'adal or Heptal.  A period of
seven days or years, which, according to some,
either in its multiple or submultiple, governs an
immense Dumber of phenomena of animal life.
  CYCLISCUS, Cyclismus.
  CYCLIS'MUS.   A  Troch, Trochia'cus.   This
name, as well as Cyclia'cua, was also given  to a
circular kind of rasp.   They have the same ety-
mon as cycle.
  CYCLOCEPH'ALUS, (F.) CyclocSphale,  from
kvkXos,  'a circle,' and KtipaXn, 'head.'  A  monster
whose eyes are in contact, or united  in one.
  CYCLOPHOR'IA, from kvkXos, 'a circle,' and
<ptpti>, ' I bear.'  The circulation of the blood or
other fluids.
  Cl'CLO'PIA. Same etymon as Cyclopa.  State
of a monster that has both eyes united into one.
Called, also, Monopa'ia and Rhinencephal'ia.
  Cyclopia Genistoi'des ;  Nat. Ord. Legumi-
nosae.  A South African plant, the decoction and
infusion of  which are  used as expectorants in
chronic bronchitis and in phthisis.
  CYCLOPS,  KvxXoup,  from  kvkXos, 'an orb or
circle,' and  g>U/, 'an eye.'  Moitoc'ulua,  Monops,
Monophthalmus, Monom'matus, C nioc'ulus, Unoc'-
ulus. A monster having  but  one eye, and that
placed in the middle of  the  forehead,  like the
fabulous Cyclops.
  CYCLOSIS, Circulation.
  CYCLOTOME, Cydot'omus, from  kvkXos, 'a
circle,'and rtpvtiv, 'to cut' An instrument,  com-
posed of a ring of  gold  and a cutting blade, by
means of which the ball of the eye  can be fixed,
whilst the cornea is cut.   It was invented by a
surgeon of Bordeaux, named Gu6rin, for extract-
ing the cataract.  It is not used.
  CYCLUS, Circulus.
  CYDONIA,  Pyrus  cydonia — c  Maliformis,
Pyrus  cydonia—c Vulgaris, Pyrus cydonia.
  CYDONIATUM, Cydona'tum, Dyacj/doni'tes.
A composition  of the Cydonia mala or  quinces,
with the addition of spices.—Paulus of JEgina.
  CYDONIUM, see Pyrus Cydonia—c. Malum,
see Pyrus cydonia.
  CYE'MA, xvnua, from kvui, 'I conceive.'  Con-
ception.  Likewise  the product  of  conception.
See Embryo, and Foetus.
   CYESIOGNO'MON, from kvVois,  ' pregnancy,'
and yvwpoiv, 'a sign, a token.' A sign of pregnancy.
   CYESIOGNO'SIS,  from  xvncts,  'pregnancy,'
and yvoiois, 'knowledge.' Diagnosis of pregnancy.
   CYESIOL'OGY,  Cyesiolog" ia, from Kvnois,
 'pregnancy,' and  Xoyos, 'a  description.'   The
 doctrine of  gestation.
   CYESIS. Conception, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  • CYESTEINE,  Kiesteine.
   CYLICH'NE,  Cylichnis.  A pill-box or earth-
 enware pot, or small cup; from kvXi%, 'a cup.'—
 Galen, Foesius.
   CYLINDRI, see Villous membranes—c Mem-
 branacei renum,  see Calix.
   CYL'INDROID, CylindroVdes, from KvXivipos,
 'cylinder,'  and tiios, 'form.'   Having the  form
 of a cylinder.  Chaussier calls the Cornu Ammo-
 nis, ProtubSrance ct/lindro'ide.
   CYLINDROIDES, Teres.
   CYLLOEPUS, see Kyllosis.
   CYLLOPODA, see Kyllosis. •
   CYLLOPODION, see Kyllosis.
   CYLLO'SIS, kvXXioois.   Lameness, mutilation,
 or  vicious  conformation.—Hippocrates, Galen.
 See Kyllosis.
   CYLLOSO'MUS, from xvXXos, 'crooked,'and
 oupa,  'body.'   A malformation  by defect, in
 which the fissure and eventration are lateral,
 chiefly in the lower part of the abdomen, the ia- 
CYMATODES              269     CYNANCHE  TRACHEALIS
ferior extremity of the  side  affected  with the
fissure ab«ont, or very little developed.—Vogel.
  CYMATO'DES.  Undo'sue from xvpa,  'a wave,'
and ttios, ' resemblance.'  The vacillating, undu-
latory character of the pulse in weak individuals.
  CYMBA, Vulva.
  CYMBALARIA ELATINE, Antirhinum ela-
tine— c. Muralis, Antirhinum  linaria.
  CYMBALARIS, Cricoid.
  CYMBIFORME OS, Scaphoid bone.
  CYMBOPOGON SCH03NANTHUS,  Juncus
odnratus.
  CYMINUM, Cuminum cyminum.
  CYMOGRAPHION, Kymographion.
  CYNAN'CHE,  Angina,  from xvutv, kvvos, 'a
 dog,' and  ay\(o, T  suffocate' [?],  'Dog choak,'
 Sore  Throat, (Old  E.) Swenaie, Swin'aeie; Para-
 cunan'che,  Synan'che,  Prunella,  Squinan'thia,
 Emprea'ma Paristhmltia, Cauma  Paristhmltia,
 lathmltia,  Paristhmltia,  Itifiammatio  Fau'cium.
 Inflammation of the supra-diaphragmatic portion
 of the alimentary  canal, and  of the lining mem-
 brane of the upper part of the  air-passages:—(F.)
 Angine,  Esqninancie, Mal  de  Gorge,  Synancie,
 Squiuancie, Kinancie.  It comprises the follow-
 ing chief varieties.
   Cynanche Epidbmica, Cynanehe maligna—e.
 Externa, C. Parotidaea—c. Faucium, C. tonsillaris
 —c. Gangraenosa, Cynanche maligna—c. Laryn-
 gea, Laryngitis.
   Cynanche Malig'na,  C.  gangrano'ea seu epi-
 dem'ica  seu pur'puro-parotida'a  seu  ulcero'sa,
 Febria epidcm'ica cum Angina, Emprea'ma Pa-
 risthmltia  Malig'na,  TonsiHa'rum  gangra'na,
 Tonailla  peslilen'tea,  Epidem'ica gutturia  luea,
 Peatilena  fau'cium affec'tus,   Padan'chone  [/],
 Gangrana  Tonailla'rum, Ulcus Syriacum, Gar-
 rotil'lo, Carbun'cuitia angino'sus, Angina ulcero'aa
 seu ulcttsculo'sa seu epidem'ica seu gangrano'sa
 seu malig'na sen fau'cium malig'na, Tsthmoty'phus,
 Putrid or Ulcerous Sore  Throat, Gangrenous In-
 flammation  of the Pharynx, (¥.)  Angine  gan-
 grSneuae  ou Maligne.   It is  characterized by
 crimson redness of the mucous membrane of the
 fauces  and  tonsils;  ulcerations,  covered  with
 mucus;  and spreading  sloughs, of an  ash  or
 whitish  hne;  the accompanying  fever  typhus.
 It is often epidemic, and generally contagious [?];
 and  is frequently found accompanying scarlet
 fever,—giving rise to the variety, Scarlatina ma-
 ligna, Canker rash.  Cynanche maligna has  been
 made to include both diphtheritic and gangrenous
 pharyngitis.  See  Pharyngitis, diphtheritic.
   The general treatment is the same as in typhus ;
 and  stimulant antiseptic gargles must be used,
 consisting, for example, of  the decoction of  bark
 and  muriatic acid.
   Cynanche Maxillaris, c Parotidaea—c G5sd-
 phagea, Oesophagitis.
   Cynanche ParotiDjE'a, C. Parotidea seu ex-
 terna  seu  maxilla'ria, Emprea'ma  Paroti'tie,
 Parotitia, P.  epidem'ica seu eryaipclato'aa seu
 contagiosa seu apu'ria  seu  sero'so glu'tine tu'-
 viens, Parot'ia, Parotiditis, Angina maxilla'ris
 seu externa seu parotida'a externa, Gissa,  Ery-
 throchoe'raa,  Genyocynail che,  Gnathocynan'che,
 Inflamma'tio  paro'tidum,  lnfla'tio paro'tidum,
 Catar'rhua  Bellinaula'nus,   Branka  (Scotch),
 Mumps, (¥.) Inflammation de la Parotide, Oreil-
 lons, Ourles.  Tl» characteristic symptoms  are :
 —a  painful tumour  of the parotid gland, or  of
 the cellular tissue surrounding it, or of both, not
 of the suppurative kind ; frequently extending to
 the maxillary  gland.  It is very conspicuous ex-
 ternally, and is often accompanied with swelling
 of the testes in the male, and of the mammae in
 the female; the testes being  sometimes absorbed
 afterwards. It is generally epidemic,  and appa-
 rently  contagious. [?]   The  treatment  is  very
simple; the adoption merely of the antiphlogistio
plan, under  which  it  usually soon  disappears.
When inflammation of the mammae or  testes
supervenes, it must be treated as if idiopathic.
   Epidem'ic Parotitis or Mumpa is  also termed
Parotitis  polymor'pha seu epidem'ica seu ape-
cif'ica.
   Cynanche  Pharynge'a,  Emprea'ma  Paria-
thmltia Pharyngea, lathmltia, Pharyngitis, In-
flamma'tio Pharyn'gia, Paraeynan'che,  Angina
inflammatoria, Sp. iv.—(Boerhave.)  (F.) An-
gine  PharyngSe, Catarre pharyngien.   Inflam-
mation of  tbe pharynx.
   This disease can hardly  be said  to  differ, in
pathology  or treatment, from Cynanche tonsil-
laris.  The same may be remarked of the Cynan-
che (Esophage'a,  (Esophagltis.
   Cynanche Prunella, C. Tonsillaris — c Pur-
puro-parotidaaa, Cynanehe maligna—c Simplex,
Isthmitis—c Stridula, C. trachealis.
   Cynanche Tonsilla/ris, C. fau'cium seu Pru-
nella, Empreama Pariathmltia  Tonailla'ria, Sy-
nan'che, Amygdalitis,  Brand, Bronchi, Hynil-
che, Tonaillltia, Pariath'mia, Pariathmi'tis, Dys-
pha'gia inflammato'ria, Antiadltia,' Angiita  in-
flammato'ria seu cum tumo're  seu tonsillaris seu
synocha'lie seu eangiiin'ea seu vera et legit'imu,
Inflamma'tio  Tonailla'rum, Antiadon'cua inflam-
mato'riita,  Inflammatory  Sore  Throat,  Common
Squinancy, Sqitinzey,  Squinsy  or Quinsy, (¥.)
Amygdalite, Inflammation des  Amygdalea, Angine
tonsillaire, Pharyngite tonsillaire, Eaquinancie,
Squiuancie, Catarrhe guttural, Angine gutturale
inflammatoire.  The characteristic symptoms of
this affection are, swelling and florid redness of
the  mucous membrane of the fauces, and espe-
cially of the tonsils; painful and impeded deglu-
tition, accompanied with inflammatory fever.  It
is generally ascribed to cold, and is one of the
most common affections  of cold and temperate
climates.   It usually goes off by resolution, but
frequently ends in suppuration.
   Common sore throat is an affection of no con-
sequence.   It requires merely rest,  and the ob-
servance  of the antiphlogistic regimen.  When
more violent, — in  addition  to  this, — bleeding,
local or general, or both,—purgatives,.inhalation
of the  steam of warm water; acid,  or emollient
gargles; rubefacients externally, or sinapisms or
blisters.   AYhen  suppuration  must  inevitably
occur, the continued use of the  inhaler must  be
advised, and an opening be made into the abscess
as soon as pus shall have formed. If the patient
be likely  to  be suffocated  by the  tumefaction,
bronchotomy may be necessary.
   Cynanche Trachea'lis,  Cynanche laiynge'a
of some,  C. atrid'ula, Suffoca'tio strid'ula, Aeth-
ma infan'tum, Catar'rhus aitffocatlvua Barbaden'-
sis, Angi'na polypo'sa seu membrana'cea seu pul-
 po'sa seu pernioio'ea seu inflammato'ria seu snffo-
 cato'ria seu etrepito'ea seu cani'na seu exsudato'-
 ria   seu trachea'lia, Emprea'ma bronchi'tie sen
 bronchlemmltis,  Laryngi'tis  et  Tracheitis  in-
fan'tilis, Laryngi'tia exaudatlva seu membrana'-
 cea seu polypo'sa, Laryngos'tasis seu  Laryngo-
 trachei'tis, Laryngo-tracheitia with  diphtherilic
 exuda'tion,  Laryngoc'ace,  Orthopnos'a  cynan'-
chica, Cynanchorthopnve'a, Padanchone [.?], Mor-
 bua Strangulato'riua, Trachltia,  Tracheitis, Tra-
j eheli'tia, Diphtheri'tia  trachea'lia, Expectora'tio
 Sol'ida, Cauma Bronchi'tia, Croup, Roup, Hivea,
 Bold Hives, Choak, Stuffing, Rising of the  lights,
 (¥.)  Angine laryngSe et tmchSale, Laryngite avec
 production  de fauases  membranea,  Laryngite
i paeudo-membraneuae.   A  disease  characterized
 by  sonorous  and  suffocative  breathing;  harsh
I voice; cough, ringing, or  like the barking of a
| dog; fever, highly inflammatory.   It is apt to
1 be  speedily attended with the  formation of a 
CYNANCHICA
270
CYPRES
false membrane, which lines the trachea beneath j
the glottis, and occasions  violent dyspnoea and I
suffocation, but is sometimes expectorated.  Tbe
dyspnoea,  as  in all other affections  of the air-
passages,  has  evident exacerbations.  It differs
in its character in different situations; being in-
finitely more  inflammatory in some places than
in others,  and hence the success obtained  by dif-
ferent  modes  of treatment.  It  chiefly  affects
children, and is apt to recur, but the subsequent
attacks are usually less and less severe.
  As a  jreneral rule,  it requires the most  ac-
tive  treatment; bleeding from the arm or neck,
so as to  induce  paleness : leeches applied  to  the
neck, Ac, according to the age,—the warm bath,
blisters  to the  neck  or chest,  and  purgatives.-
Formidable as the disease may be, if this plan be
followed  early, it will  generally  be successful.
Many specifics have  been recommended, but
the  search has been idle and  fruitless.  The
majority of oases of what are called croup  are
not of this inflammatory east; but are more of
a spasmodic character, and have been termed by
the  French faux  croupe, and with us are occa-
sionally termed spasmodic croup.  They gene-
rally yield to an emetic and the warm bath.
  Cynanche  Trachealis Spasmodica, Asthma
scutum, A. Thymicum — c Ulcerosa,  Cynanche
maligna.
  CYNAN'CHICA.   Medicines used in cases of
quinsy were formerly so called.
  C Y A N CII0 R T H 0 P N OS A, Cynanche tra-
chealis.
  CYNAN'CHUM.  Same etymon.  A genus of
plants, Ord. Asclepiadaceae, of which the  follow-
ing are used in  medicine.
  Cynanchum  Argel, C. oleaefolium — c Ipeca-
cuanha, Tylophora asthmatica.
  Cynanchum  Monspel'iaci.■?!,  Scam'mony  of
Montpellier. The plant furnishes a blackish kind
of gum-resin, which is purgative, and but little
used.
  Cyn.VNCTIUM  OlEjEFO'lium,  C.  argel,  Soleno-
etem'ma argel, Argel. An Egyptian, Nubian and
Arabian shrub,  the leaves  of which form a por-
tion  of most  samples  of Alexandrian  senna.
They resemble senna in their action.
  Cynanchum Tomentosum, Tylophora asthmat-
ica—c. Vincetoxicum, Asclepias vincetoxicum—
c Viridiflorum, Tylophora asthmatica—c. Vomi-
torium, Tylophora asthmatica.
  CYNANTHE.MIS, Anthemis cotula.
  CYNANTHRO'PIA, from xvoiv, kvvos, 'dog,'
and  avSpwrroc, '  man.'  A variety of melancholia,
in which  the patient believes himself changed
into a dog; and imitates the voice and habits of
that animal.
   CYN'ARA, 0. Scolymus, Cin'ara scolymus, ki-
vapa. The systematic name of the Ar'tichoke, Al-
coc'aluin,  Articac'alue, Artiacoc'cna laria, C'oetua
nigra, Car'ditus eatlrtta non apino'aua, Cinara hor-
ten'sis, Scolymus eati'rua,  Car'duua  aativtta seu
domeat'icua cap'ite majo're seu altilis, anciently
KaKros, cacttta, (¥.) Artichout.  Ord. Composita?.
Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia aequalis.  In-
digenous in the southern parts of Europe.  Much
used as an agreeable article of diet.   The juice
of the leaves, mixed with  white  wine, has been
given in dropsies.
  CYN'ICUS, Cyno'dea, from kvo>v, kvvos, 'a dog.'
Cynic, (¥.) Cynique.  Relating to, or resembling
a dog.   Cynic  epitsm is a convulsive contraction
of the muscles of one side of the face,—dragging
the  eye,  cheek, mouth,  nose, Ac, to one side.
See Canine.
  CYNIPS QUERCUS  FOLII, see Quercus  in-
fectoria.
  CYNOCOPRUS, Album  graecum.
  CYNOCRAMBE, Mereurialis perennis.
j    CYNOCTONON. Aconitum.
    CYNOCYTISUS, Rosa canina.
|    CYNODECTOS, from kvoiv, ' a dog,' and cVw,
 'I bite.'  One who has been bitten by a dog.—
 Dioscorides.
    CYNODKP, Cynicus.
    CYNODESMION. Fraenum penis.
    CYNODKSMUS. Frar-num penis.
    CY'NODON DACTYLON, (kvu>v,'b. dog'and
 oiovs, oiovros, ' a tooth,')Pan'icitnt seu Digitn'i in
 dactylon,  Bermuda  graaa;  indigenous.   Ord,
 Graminea1.  The roots have been used as  a sub-
 stitute for sarsaparilla.
    CYNODONTES, Canine teeth.
    CYNOGLOS'SUM, from kvoiv, kvvos, 'a do<r.'
 and yXuiooa, 'a tongue.'  Cynoglos'sum offteina'le
 seu  blcolor, Lingua  Cani'na, Hound's  tongue,
 Caballa'tion, (¥.) Laiigue de Chien.   Ord. Bora-
 gineas.  Sex. Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  It
 is aromatic and mucilaginous, and has been sup-
 posed to be possessed of narcotic properties.
    CYNOGLOSSUM AMPLEXICAULE, C. Vir-
 ginicuin.
    CYNOGLOSSUM VIRGIN'ICUM,t7.«wjVc.n'-
 caule, Wild Comfrey; indigenous; has mucilagi-
 nous properties.  The leaves are smoked, and are
 said  to produce effects  like those of tobacco. [?]
    CYNOLOPIIOI, Spinous processes of the ver-
 tebrae.
    CYNOLYSSA, Hydrophobia.
    CYNOMETRA AGALLOCHUM, Agallochnm.
    CYNOMOIA,  Plantago psyllium.
    CYNOMO'RIUM COCCIN'EUM, from  kvwv,
 kvvos, 'a dog,' andpwptov, 'the penis.' (F.) Cham-
 pignon  de Malte.  Ord. Balanophoreae.  Impro-
 perly called Fungus  Mcliten'sis, or  Fungus  of
 Malta, as  it is not a fungus.   The powder has
 heen  given as  an  astringent in  hemorrhage,
 dysentery, Ac.
    CYNOREXIA, Boulimia.
    CYNORRHODON, Rosa canina.
    CYN0SBATOS, Rosa canina.
    CYNOSORCHIS, Orchis mascula.
    CYNOSPASTUM, Rosa canina.
    CYON,  kviov.  The word  sometimes signifiei
 the fraenum  of tho prepuce; at  others, the penis
    CYOPHORIA, Pregnancy.
    CYOT'ROPHY, Cyotroph'ia,  Embryot'rophy,
 Embryotroph'ia,  from kvos, 'embryo,' and rpttpuv,
 'to nourish.'  Nutrition of the embryo.  Fcetal
 nutrition.
    CYPARISSUS, Cupressus sempervirens.
    CYPERUS ANTIQUORUM, Kvnttpos, Lawso-
 nia inermis—c Indicus, Curcuma longa.
    Cype'rus Longus,  C. Roma'nut,  Galangale,
 (¥.)  Soiwhet odorant.   Ord. Cyperaceae.  It pos-
 sesses aromatic and  bitter properties, but  is not
 used.  See, also, Dorstenia contrayerva.
    Cyperus Odorus, Dorstenia  contrayerva — c.
 Peruanus, Dorstenia contrayerva — c. Romanus,
 C. longus.
    Cyperus  Rotun'dus,  C.   tetras'tachys, the
 Round Cype'rus, (¥.) Souchet rond.  It is a more
 grateful aromatic bitter than the C. longus.
    Cyperus Tetrastachys, C. rotundus.
    CYPHEL, Sempervivum tectorum.
    CYPHO'MA, Cyphos, Cypho'eis, Cyrto'ma, Cyr-
 to'sis,  Opisthocypho'sis, from   xvtpos,  'gibbous.'
 Gibbosity  of the spine. See  \\:rtebrnl Column,
 Ac.   Cyrtosis forms  a  genus  in the order Dys-
 thet'ica, and class Hamat'ica of Good, and is de-
 fined: 'head bulky, especially anteriorly ; stature
 short and incurvated;  flesh  flabby, tabid, and
 wrinkled.'  It includes Cretinism, and Riekets.
    CYPHOSIS, Gibbositas, see  Hump, and Ky-
 phosis.
    CYPRES, Cupressus sempervirens. 
CYPRESS                2
  CYPRESS, Cupressus sempervirens, Taxodiura
distich urn — c Bald,  Taxodium distichum —c
Tree,  Liriodendron.
  CYP'RINUM (O'LEUM), Kvnpivov (tXaiov), Oil
of Cypress; prepared of olive oil, cypress flowers,
calamus, myrrh,  cardamom, inula, bitumen  of
Judaea,  Ac.   It wa« formerly employed in cer-
taiu diseases of the  uterus, pleurisies,  Ac, and
was regarded to be both stimulant and emollient.
  CYPRIPE'DIUM ACAU'LE, (Kt>™?, 'Venus,'
and iroiiov, 'a sock or buskin.')  C. hit'mile, Stem-
lesa Ludiea' Slipper; Moccaain Flower;  Noah's
Ark.    Ord.  Orchidaceae.  Indigenous; flowers
in May  and June.'  The roots are used by steam-
doctors  in nervous diseases, like valerian.
   Cypripedium Calceolus, C. Luteum, C. spec-
tabile —c Canadense, C, spectabile — c Flaves-
 cens,  C. Luteum—c. Humile, C. acaule.
   Cypripe'dium Lu'teum,  C. Calce'olua seu Fla-
 tes'cetis seu Pubca'cena seu Parviflo'rttm, Yellow
 ladiea' slipper, 3Ioc'cnsin flower, Moccaain plant,
 Yellows,  Bleeding  heart,  Amer'ican  vale'rian,
 Yellow  nmbil, male Mervine, Noah'a ark, (¥.) Sa-
 bot de.VSnua jaune.  An indigenous plant, which
 is found all  over  the  United  States ; blossoming
 in May and June.  The root is considered  to be
 antispasmodic, and i3  used in the same cases as
 valerian.
   Cypripedium Parviflorum,  C. Luteum—c
 Pubescens,  C. Luteum.
   Cypripedium  Spectab'ile, C. Calce'olua seu
 Canaden'se,  Showy ladiea' alipper, is  the  most
 beautiful  of tbe genus.  It is said to possess pro-
 perties  identical with those of C. Luteum.
   CYPRIUM,  Cuprum.
   CYPSELE, Cerumen.
   CYRCEON, Anus.
   CYRTOIDES, Cuboid.
   CYRTOMA, Curvature,  Cyphoma,
   CYRTONOSOS,  Rachitis.
   CYSSANTHEMON, Cyclamen.
   CYSSARUS, Anus, Rectum.
   CYSSOPHYLLON, Cyclamen.
   CYS'SOTIS, from kvoo^ 'the anus.'  The lower
 part  of the rectum:  tenesmus.
   CYST, Kyst
   CYSTAL'GIA, Cyatidal'gia, from  Kvons, 'the
 bladder,' and aXyos, 'pnin.' Pain in the bladder.
   CYSTANENCEPHA'LIA,from kvotis, 'ablad-
 der,' and anencepha'lia, 'absence of brain.'   A
 monstrosity, in which, in place of a brain, a blad-
 der is found filled with fluid.—G. St. Hilaire.
   CYSTATROPH'IA, from nvons, 'bladder,'and
 arpotpia,  ' atrophy.'  Acysturo trophie,—Piorry.
 Atrophy  or wasting of the bladder.
   CYSTAVCHENOTOM'IA,Cystotrachelotom'ia,
  Cystidolrachelotom'ia, from  kvotis,  'a bladder,'
 avxiv,  'the neck,' and ropn, 'incision.'  An inci-
 Bion  into the neck of the bladder. See Lithotomy.
   CYSTAUN'E, Hypertroph'ia veelca urina'ria.
  Calloa'itas  veai'ca ;  from kvotis, ' bladder,' and
 aufn, 'increase.'  Hypertrophy of the coats of
 the urinary bladder.—Fuchs.  See Cysthypersar-
 cosis.
*  CYSTECTASY, Lithectasy.
   CYSTENCEPH'ALUS, from kvotis, 'bladder,'
 and  KtipaXn, ' head.'   A monster having a head
 with a vesicular  brain.—G. St. Hilaire.
   CYSTEOL'ITHOS, from kvotis, 'the bladder,'
 and  Aiflos, 'astonet'  Stone in tbe bladder.  Also,
 a medicine,  employed to dissolve or break stone.
   CYSTERETHIS'MUS, Irritabil'itaa seu Impa-
 tien'tia Veai'ca, from kvotis, 'the bladder,' and
 tptdi$u, '  I irritate.'   Irritability of the bladder.
   CYSTHEPAT'ICUS,frotnirt>(rr«y, 'the bladder,'
 and  'nnap,  ' the  liver.'  Belonging to the gall-
 bladder and liver.   This  name was  given, for-
 merly, to imaginary excretory ducts for the bile,
1           CYSTIRRHAGIA
which were  supposed to  pass directly from the
liver to the gall-bladder.
  CYSTHEPATOLITHI'ASIS.Q/fl/i'^x/^W-
aaia, Cholclith'ia, Cliolelithi'asia, from kvotis, 'the
bladder,"'nirap, 'the liver,'  and XiSmots,  ' pain
caused by a  calculus.' The aggregate of pheno-
mena caused by the presence of biliary calculi.
See Calculi,  biliarv.
  CYSTHITIS, Kysthitis.
  CYSTHUS, Anus, Vulva.
  CYSTHYPERSARCO'SIS, from  evens, 'blad-
der,' 'vtrtp, 'over,' and oapKtoois, 'a fleshy growth;'
Excrescen'tia  Veai'ca urina'ria.  A fleshy thick-
ening of the coats of the bladder.
  CYSTIC,  Cys'ticue, (¥.) Cietique, from kvotis,
'.a bladder.'  Belonging to the gall-bladder. Also,
containing Cystae, Cystoua.
  Cystic  Artery, Arte'ria  Cys'tica, is given off
from the right branch of the  hepatic, and divides
into two branches,  which proceed  to the gall-
bladder.   It is accompanied  by  two cystic veina,
which open  into the vena porta abdominnlis.
  Cystic  Bile.    Bile  contained  in  the gall-
bladder.
  Cystic  Cal'culi.  Calculi formed in the gall-
bladder.   See Calculi.
  Cystic  Duct, Ductua cya'ticua, Mea'tua cya'ti-
ctts.  The duct proceeding from the gall-bladder,
which, by its  union with the hepatic, forms  the
ductile commttnia choledochus.
  Cystic  Oxyd, Oxyd, cystic—Cystic Oxyd Cal-
culi, see  Calculi, Urinary.
  Cystic  Sarco'ma, of Ab'ernethy, Emphy'ma
Sarcoma  cellulo'aum.  Tumour,  cellulous or cys-
tous ; cells oval, currant-sized or grape-sized, con-
taining serous fluid; sometimes  caseous.   Found
in the thyroid gland (forming bronchocele,) testis,
ovarium,  Ac.
   CYSTICA, Cystic Remediea.   Such medicines
as were formerly believed proper for combating
diseases of the bladder.
  CYSTICER'CUS, from kvotis, 'a bladder,' and
Ktpxos, ' a  tail.' A genus of entozoa of the family
of  the hydatids,  distinguished by  the  caudal
vesicle in which  the cylindrical or slightly de-
pressed body of the animal terminates.  The Cys-
ticer'cue cellulo'aa, (¥.) Cyaticerque du Tissn cellu-
laire, Hy'datia finna, has been often found  in the
cellular membrane.
   CYSTICERQUE  DU  TISSU   CELLU-
 LA IRE,  Cysticercus cellulosae.
   CYSTIDALGIA, Cvstalgia.
   CYSTIDELCO'SIS, from  kvotis,  'bladder,' and
'iXkuiois, 'ulceration.'  Suppuration or ulceration
 of the urinary bladder.
   CYSTIDEPATICUS, Hepatocystic
   CYSTIDEPATOLITHIASIS,Cysthepatolithi
 asis.
   CYSTID0BLENN0RRIIO3A, Cystirrhoea.
   CYSTIDOCATARRHUS, Cystirrhoea.
   CYSTIDOCELE, Cystocele.
   CYSTIDOPLEGIA, Cystoparalysis.
   CYSTIDORRHAGIA,.Cystorrhagia.
   CYSTIDORRHEXIS, Cystorrhexis.
   CYSTID0RRH05A, Cystirrhoea.
   CYSTIDOSOMATOTOMIA,   Cystosomatoto.
 mia.
   CYSTIDOSPASMUS, see Cystospastic
   CYSTIDOSTENOCHORIA,  Stricture  of the
 urinary bladder.
   CYSTIDOTOMIA, Cystotomia.
   CYSTIDOTRACHELOTOMIA,  Cystaucheno-
 tomia.
   CYSTINE, Oxyd, Cystic.
   CYSTINURIA, Urine, cystinic.
   CYSTINX, Vesicula.
   CYSTIPHLOGIA, Cystitis.
   CYSTIRRHAG"IA, from kvotis, ' the bladder,'
 and ptjyi'vu,  'I break forth.' Hemorrhage from the 
CYSTIRRHEUMA           272         CYSTOSOMATOMIA
bladder, (¥.) Hemorrhagie de la Vess'tc. By some
used synonymouslv with cystirrhoea.
  CYSTIRRHECMA, Cystorrheuma.
  CY'STIRRH03'A, from kvotis, 'the bladder,'
and ptui, 'I flow.'  Parn'ria Stillati"tia'Muco'sa,
Bleu ml ria, Blennorrhoe'a urina'lis  seu vesica,
Cyeto-blcnnorrlim'a, Cyatorrhce'a, Cystido-blennor-
rlue'a, Isehu'ria,  Cysto-phlegmalica,  Tenea'mua
Veai'ca  Muco'stia,  Uri'nn  muco'aa,  Cystocatar'-
rhua, Cystido-catetr'rhita, Cyatidorrhoe'a, Urocysto-
ea.tar'rhus,  Dyatlria  Muco'sa,  Pyu'ria  Mucoaa
seu vis'cida seu eero'aa, 3Iorbus cyetophlegmal-
icua,  Catar'rhua veai'ca,  (¥.)  Cystite miiqueuae,
Blcnno-cyatite, Flux muqueux de la veasie, Catar-
rhe vSaical, BlencyetorrhSe, — Piorry.  A copious
discharge of mucus from the bladder, passing out
with the urine, and generally attended with dysu-
ria.   It is commonly  dependent upon an inflam-
matory or subinflammatory condition of the lining
membrane. The treatment  must be regulated by
the cause.  If it be not produced by an extrane-
ous body; the antiphlogistic plan,—the exhibition
of warm  diluents,  and keeping the surface in a
perspirable state,  by wearing  flannel, are indi-
cated.  Some of the  turpentines may, at  times,
be given with  advantage; and astringent or other
appropriate injections be thrown into the bladder.
  CYSTIS, Follicle,  Urinary  bladder—c. Cho-
ledochus, Gall-bladder—c. Fellea,  Gall-bladder
—c. Serosa, Hygroma.
   CYSTITE, Cystitis—c. Muqueuae, Cystitis.
   CYSTITIS, from  kvotis, 'the bladder.'  In-
flamma'tio Veai'ca, Emprea'ma Cyati'tia,  Oyatltis
u'rica, Uro-cystltia, Cystiphlo'gia, Cystophlo'gia,
Inflammation  of  the  bladder,  (¥.) Cystite,  In-
flammation de la vessie,  Cyaturite,—Piorry ; cha-
racterized by pain and swelling in the hypogas-
tric region; discharge of urine painful  or ob-
structed, and  tenesmus.   It  may affect one or
all of the membranes ;  but commonly it is con-
fined  to-the mucous coat.  In the  chronic con-
 dition, it appears  in the form of cystirrhoea.  It
 must be treated upon the same energetic princi-
 ples  as  are required in other cases of internal
 inflammation; venesection, general  and local,
 the warm bath, warm fomentations, warm, sooth-
 ing enemata, diluents,  Ac.   Cantharides must
 be avoided, even  in the way  of blisters,  unless
 with  precautions, as the disease is often occa-
 sioned by them.
   Cystitis Fellea,  Cholecystitis—c. Urica, Cys-
 titis.
   CYSTITOME, Cystit'omus, Cyst'otome,Kibia'i-
 tome,  Kya'titome,  Kystotome,  from  kvotis, ' the
 bladder,' and  rtpvtiv, 'to cut'  An instrument,
 invented  by Laf'aye, for dividing the  anterior
 part of the capsule of the crystalline in the opera-
 tion for extracting cataract.  It was formed like
 the Pharyngotome.
   CYSTO.  In composition,  relating or  apper-
 taining  to a bladder, and generally to the urinary
 bladder.
   CYSTOBLAST, Cytoblast.
   CYSTO-BLENNORRHGEA, Cystirrhoea.
   CYSTO-BUBONOCE'LE,  from  kvotis,  'the
 bladder,' 0ov(3u>v,  'the  groin,' and (07X17,  'a tu-
 mour.'   Hernia of the bladder through the abdo-
 minal riug.
   CYSTO-CATARRHUS,  Cystirrhoea.
   CYSTOCE'LE, Cystoce'lia, Cistoce'le, Cystido-
 ce'le, from kvotis, 'the bladder,' and (tnXn, 'a tu-
 mour,' Her'nia vesica  urina'ria, Hernia of the
 bladder, (¥.) Hernie de la Veaaie.  It is  not com-
 mon.  It occurs,  most frequently, at the abdomi-
 nal ring; less  so at the crural arch, perinsanm,
 vagina, and foramen thyroideum.   It may exist
 alone, or be accompanied by  a sac, containing
 pome abdominal  viscus.  The tumour is soft and
fluctuating; disappears on pressure, and increases
in size when the urine is retained.  It must be
reduced and kept in position by a truss.   Vagi-
nal cyatocele is kept in place by a pessary.
  Cystocele  Biliosa,  Turgesceutia  vesiculae
fellese.
  CYSTODYTN'IA, from  kvotis,  'the bladder,'
and oiwn, 'pain.'   Pain of the bladder; particu-
larly rheumatic pain.
  CYSTOH^'MIA, (F.) CystohSmie, from kvotis,
'bladder,'  and  'aipa, 'blood.'   Congestion  of
blood in tbe bladder.
  CYSTOID, Cysto'i'deua, Cyat-like, from xvorts,
' a bladder or cyst,' and ttios,' resemblance. That
which resembles a cyst, as ' cystoid tumour.'
  CYSTO-LITHIASIS, see Calculi, vesical.
  CYSTO-LITH'IC, Cystolith'icus, (¥.)  Cyeto-
lithique, from xvorts, 'the bladder,' and Xt$os, 'a
stone.'   Relating to stone in the bladder.
  CYSTOMA, see Kyst
  CYSTO-MEROCE'LS, from kvotis,  'the blad-
der,' ptpos, ' the  thigh,' and  xnAn, ' hernia.'   Fe-
moral hernia, formed by the bladder protruding
beneath the crural arch.
  CYSTON'CUS, from kvotis, 'the bladder,'  and
oyxos, ' tumour.'  Swelling of the bladder.
  CYSTOPARAL'YSIS, Cyetidoparal'yaia, Cya-
tidople'gia, Cyatople'gia, Cyatoplex'ia, Aeystiner'-
via, Acysturonervia, AmyosthSnie  Cyaturique,—
Piorry,  from  kvotis, ' bladder,' and  irapaXvots,
' palsy.'  Paralysis of the urinary  bladder.   See
 Enuresis.
  CYSTO-PHLEGMAT'IC,  Cystophlegmat'icus,
from kvotis,  ' the  bladder,' and tpXtypa, ' mucus,
phlegm.'  Belonging to the vesical  mucus.  Mor-
 bus cystophlegmat'icus.   Cystirrhoea.
   CYSTOPHLOGIA, Cystitis.
   CYSTOPHTHI'SIS, Phthisis vesica'lis, from
 kvotis, 'the bladder,'and0(9to), 'Iconsume.' Con-
 sumption from ulceration of the bladder,— Uleera
 seu Helco'eia veai'ca.
   CYSTOPLASTIC, Cystoplaa'tictte, from kvotis,
 'the  bladder,' and -tiXaoota, 'I form.'   An epithet
 for an operation for the cure  of fistulous openings
 into the bladder,  Cya'tbplaaty, (F.) Cyatoplaatie;
 sometimes restricted to the cure  by  translation
 of skin from a neighbouring part.
   CYSTOPLEGIA, Cystoparalysis.
   CYSTOPLEG"IC, Cyatopleg''icus.  Belonging
 to  paralysis of the  bladder;  from kvotis, ' the
 bladder,' and nXnoooi, ' I strike.'
   CYSTOPLEX'IA, Cystoparalysis.
   CYSTOPTO'SIS,  from kvotis, 'the bladder,'
 and  iritrTttv, ' to fall.'  Relaxation of the inner
 membrane of the bladder, which projects into the
 canal of tbe urethra.
   CYSTOPY'IC,  Cyatopy'icua, (¥.) Cyatopyique,
 from kvotis, ' the bladder,' and  nvov, ' pus.'  Re-
 lating to suppuration of the bladder.
   CYSTORRHAG"IA, Hamatu'ria cyat'ica,  Ha-
 morrhag"ia veai'ca, Stranguria crueu'ta, San-
 guinis fluor veai'ca, from kvotis,  'the bladder,'
 and payn, 'rupture.'  A discharge of  blood from
 the vessels of the urinary bladder.
   CYSTORRHEU'MA,  Cyatirrheu'ma, Rheuma-*
 tis'mus vesica urina'ria; from kvotis, 'the blad-
 der,' and ptvpa, ' defluxion,' 'rheumatism.' Rheu-
 matism of tbe bladder.'
   CYSTORRHEX'IS, Cystidorrhex'is; from kvo-
 tis, ' bladder,' and 'pntts, ' rupture.'  Rupture of
 the urinary bladder.
   CYSTORRHQ3A, Cystirrhoea,
   CYSTOSARCO'MA, from kvous, 'a bladder or
 cyst,' and sarcoma.   A tnmour consisting  of a
 combination of cysts and cystoids, so called  by
 J. Miiller.
   CYSTOSOMATOM'IA, Cystosomatotom'ia, Cys-
 tidosomatotom'ia, from xvorts,' the  bladder,' oiaua, 
CYSTOSPASMUS
273
DACRYOCYSTIS
'body,'  and  ropn, 'incision.'  An incision into
the body of the bladder.
  CYSTOSPASMUS, see Cystospastic
  CYSTOSPAS'TIC, Cystospaa'ticus, from xvorts,
'the bladder,' and oirau,, <l contract'  Relating
to spasm of the bladder, and  particularly of its
sphincter;—Cystidoapaa'mua,  Spasmua  Veai'ca,
Itchu'ria   epaamod'ica,  (¥.)  Spaeme  de  la
 Veaaie.
  CYSTOSPERMI'TIS, (F.) Cyatoapermite, from
kvotis, ' bladder,' oneppa, ' sperm,' and itie, ' de-
noting inflammation.'  Inflammation of the vesi-
culae seminales.
  ( CYSTOSTENOCHO'RIA,  Cystidostenocho'ria,
Strictu'ra vesica,  Vesica sacca'ta.   A stricture,
narrowness, inequality or saccated  condition of
the urinary bladder.
  CYSTOTlIROM'BOID,fy»<ofnro»i6o-i'de«,from
 kvotis, 'the bladder,'and $pop(3os, 'aclot' Relat-
ing to the presence of clots in the bladder.
   CYSTOTOME, Cystot'omua, from kvotis, 'the
 bladder,' and rtpvttv,  'to  cut.'   An instrument
 intended for  cutting  the  bladder.  Instruments
 of this kind have been more frequently, although
 very improperly, called Lithotomea.   '          ,
   CYSTOTOM'IA, Cyatidotom'ia, same etymon.
 Incision  of the bladder; Sectio  vesictllis.  Cya-
 totomia means cutting into the  bladder  for any
 purpose; (F.) Incieion de la vessie.  Commonly,
 it is applied to the puncturing of the bladder for
 the purpose of removing the urine ;  whilst Litho-
 tomy has been employed for the incisions made
 with  the view  of extracting calculi  from the
 bladder.   See Lithotomv.
   CYSTOTRACHELOTOMIA,  Cystauchenoto-
 mia.  See  Lithotomy.
   CYSTOUS, Cystic.
   CYSTOYA'RIUM, from  kvotis,  'a  cyst or
 bladder ;' and oaptov, ' ovarium.'  A morbid con-
 dition, which consists in the formation of cysts in
 the ovary.
   CYSTURITE, Cystitis.
   CYT'INUS, 0. Hypocist'ie, Hypocist'is, Aa'amm
 Hypociat'ie.  Ord. Cistineae.  A small parasitical
 plant, which grows in the south of France and in
 Greece, on the roots of the woody cistus.   The
 juice of  its fruit is acid, and very astringent.  It
 is obtained by expression, and converted  into an
 extract, which was called  Succue  Hypocia'tidia,
   The figure of the Greek A, according to Galen,
  was the sign for quartan fever.
   DABACH, Viscum album.
   DACNE'RON, iaxvnpov, from iaKvttv, 'to  bite.'
*An ancient  name  for a collyrium, composed of
  oxide of copper, pepper, cadmia, myrrh, saffron,
  gum Arabic, and opium.
   DACRY,  Dac'ryma, Dac'ryon, iaKpv, iaepvua,
  Ii ixpvov, ' a tear :' Hence :
   DACRYADENAL'GIA, Dacryoddenal'gia,
  from iaxpvot, ' I weep,' ainv, ' a gland,' and oAyoj,
  ' pain.'  Dieease or pain in the lachrymal gland.
   DACRYADENITIS, Dacryoddenltit;  from
  iaxpvu, ' I weep,' ainv, ' a  gland,' and itie.  In-
  flammation of the  lachrymal gland.
   DACRYALLGIO'SIS, from iaKpv, 'a tear, and
  aXXotiu«j,  ' change.'  A  morbid condition of the
  tears.
       IS
and was  formerly much used in hemorrhages,
diarrhoea, Ac.
  CYTISI'NA, Cytiaine.  An immediate  vege-
table  principle,  discovered  by  Chevalier  and
Lassaigne, in the seeds  of Cytiaua Labur'num or
Bean-Trefoil  Tree.   Ord.  Leguminosae.   Sex.
Syat. Diadelphia  Decandria.  Cytisine  has ana-
logous properties to emetine.  In the dose of one
or two grains,  it produces vomiting and purging;
and, in a stronger dose, acts  as an  acrid poison.
The seeds of the Cytiaua Laburnum, (F.) Auboure,
have been long known to produce vomiting  and
purging.
  CYTISMA  ECZEMA, Eczema —c.  Herpes,
Herpes.
  CYTISO-GENISTA, Spartiunr sooparium.
  CYTISU3  LABURNUM,  see  Cytisina—o.
Scoparius, Spartium scoparium.
  CYTI'TIS,  Scyti'tia,  Dermatltia,  Dermi'tia,
Gutltia,  Coriltia, from  kvtis, 'the  skin,'  and
itia, 'denoting inflammation.'  Inflammation of
the skin.
  CYTOBLAST,  Cyatoblaat, from  kvtos,  'cell,'
and (iXaeros, 'germ.'   Cell-germ, Nil clem, (¥.)
Noyau.   A  granule,  from   which  all animal
and vegetable  bodies  are  presumed  to  be
formed.  When the nucleus or cytoblast forms a
cell, and is attached  to  its  walls,  the germinal
cell, thus  formed, is called a  nucleated cell.
When the nucleus contains a simple granule, the
latter is  termed a nucleolua,  (¥.) NuclSole, Nu-
clSolule.
  CYTOBLASTE'MA;  (F.)  Cytoblaatlme, same
etymon.  Intercellular substance, Hy'aline sub-
stance, Substantia vit'rea seu hyalina, Matrix.
The gum or mucus in  the vegetable, and probably
the liquor sanguinis after transudation from the
vessels in the animal,  in a state fully prepared for
the formation  of the tissues. — Schwann  and
Schleiden.   By many, Blastema is  preferred, in-
asmuch as it does not  convey the idea of cellular
development
  CYTOGENETIC, Cytogenelicue,  (¥.) CytogS-
nStique, same  etymon as the next   Relating or
belonging to cell formation.
  CYTOG"ENY, Cytogen'eeie, from  (euros,  'cell,'
and ytvtois, ' generation.'  Cell  formation,  cell
genesis.
  CYTTAROS, Glans.
  DACRYDION, Convolvulus scammonia.
  DACRYGELO'SIS, from iaxptii,' I weep,' and
ytXaia, ' I laugh.'  A kind of insanity, in which
the patient weeps and laughs at the same time.
  DACRYHjEMOR'RHYSIS ; Sanguin'eoue La-
chryma'tion, from iaxpv, 'a tear,' and 'aipeppvets.
'hemorrhage.'  A flow of bloody tears.
  DACRYNOMA, Epiphora.
  DACRYOADENALGIA, Daoryadenalgia.
  DACRYOADENITIS, Dacryadenitis.
  DACRYOBLENNORRHCE'A,  from iaKPvo>, ' I
weep,' (IXtvva, 'mucus,' and ptii, 'I  flow.' Dis-
charge of tears mixed with mucus.
  DACRYOCYSTAL'GIA, from iaxpvu, 'I weep,"
kvotis, ' a sac,' and aXyos,' pain.'   Disease or paia
in the lachrymal sac.
  DACRYOCYSTIS, Lachrymal sac
D. 
DACRYOCYSTITIS          274                DAPHNE
  DACRYOCYSTITIS, from iaxpvov,  'a tear,'  |
and kvotis, ' bladder.'  Inflammation of the lach-
rymal sac.
  DACRYOCYSTOSYRINGOKATAKLEI'SIS;  j
from dacryocyatia, the ' lachrymal sac,' ovpiyZ, ' a ■
pipe, a fistula,' and KaraKXtiais, ' a  locking up.'
A term, proposed by Dieffenbach for the healing i
of lachrymal fistulas  by  transplantation.  The
operation consists in paring the edges of the fis-
tula, loosening the borders, and assisting the re-
quisite tegumental displacement by lateral inci-
sions.
  DACRYO'DES,  Lacrymfaua, from iaxpvut, 'I
weep.'  Resembling tears:—hence,  Ulcue  dacry-
o'des.  A sanious ulcer, a weeping sore.
  DAC'RYOLITE,  Dacryolilhue,   Dac'ryolith, !
(F.) Dacryolithe, from iaxpvu), ' I weep,' and Ai0os,
' a stone.'   A concretion found in the lachrymal
passages.
  DACRYOLITHI'ASIS; same etymon  as  the
last.   The formation of concretions in the tears.
  DACRYO'MA.   Same etymon.   The effusion
of tears, occasioned by an occlusion  of the puncta
lacrvmalia.—Vogel.
  DACRYON, Tear.
  DACRYOPOS'US, from  iaxpvia, T weep,' and
roitii>, ' I make.'  A substance which  excites  the
secretion of tears, — as the onion,  horse-radish,
garlic, Ac
  DAC'RYOPS, from iaxpvot,  'I weep,' and wd»,
' the eye.'  A  weeping eye.   A tumefaction of
the lacbrvmal passages.
  DACRYOPYORRHQS'A, Pyorrhce'a via'rum
lacryma'lium, from  iuKpv, ' a tear,' ttvov, ' pus,'
and ptta, ' to flow.'  A discharge of tears mixed
with purulent matter.
  DACRY0RRHO3'A,  Dacryrrhce'a,  Dacryor'-
rhyeie, Dacryr'rhyaia, from iaxpv, 'a tear,' and
ceti), 'to flow.'  A morbid flux of tears.
  DACRYORRHYSIS, Dacryorrhcea.
  DACRYOSOLENFTIS, from iaxpv, 'a tear,'
ctiiXnv, ' a canal,' and itie, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the lachrymal ducts.
  DACRYOSYRINX, Fistula lacrymalis.
  DACRYRRH05A, Dacryorrhcea.
  DACRYRRHYSIS, Dacryorrhcea.
  DACTYLETHRA, Dacty 11thra, from iaxrvXos,
'a finger.'  A name given by the ancients to dif-
ferent topical applications, having the form of a
finger, and  proper for being introduced into the
throat to excite vomiting.
  DACTYLETUS, Hermodactylus.
  DACTYL'ION, Dactyl'ium, (¥.) Doigie palmSe,
Webbed fingere, from  iaKrvXos,  ' a  finger.'  The
union of the fingers with  each other.  This af-
fection is generally congenital; but it may be
owing to burns, ulcerations, inflammation of the
fingers, Ac.
  DACTYL'IOS,  from iaKrvXos, 'a finger.'  A
troch or lozenge, when shaped like a finger.  The
anus.
  DACTYLITIS, Paronychia.
  DACTYLIUS. from iaKrvXtos, annulue, 'aring.'
  Dactyl'ius  Aculea'tus.  A worm of a light
colour, annulated, cylindrical, but tapering slightly
towards both extremities, from two-fifths to four-
fifths of an inch long, which has been found  in
the urine.
  DACTYLODOCHME, Dochme.
  DACTYLOSYM'PHYSIS, from  iaxrvXos,  'a
finger,' and evptpvats, 'union.'  Adhesion of the
fingers to each other.
  DACTYLOTHE^KE, from  iaKrvXos, 'a finger,'
and OnKn, 'a case or sheath.'  An instrument for
keeping the fingers extended  when wounded. —
Ambrose Pare\
  DACTYL US,  Dig"itus,  'a finger.'   The
smallest measure  of the Greeks, the sixth part
of a foot.  Also, the Date.
  D^EDA'LEA  SUAVEOLENS,  Bole'tut  seur
Fungua Salicia, Boletua diacoideua seu aitaveolena,
Ftingua albus salig'neua, (¥.) Agaric odorant, Bolet
odorant.   Ord. Fungi.  A champignon, which
grows  on the trunks of old  willows.  It has a
smell of anise, which is penetrating and agree-
able; and has been  recommended  in  phthixia
pulmonalis in the dose of a scruple four timci a
day.
  DiEDALUS, Hydrargyrum.
  D.EDION, Bougie.
  D.EMONIACUS, Possessed.
  DJ3MONOMANIA, Demonomania.
  DIES,  Taeda.
  DAFFING, Insanity.
  DAFFODIL, Narcissus pseudonareissus.
  DAFFY'S ELIXIR, Tinctura senna; compo-
sita.
  DAFT, Insane.
  DAG,  Stitch.
  DAISY, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Eri-
geron Philadelphicum — d. Common, Bellis—d.
Ox-eye, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum.
  DALBY'S CARMIN'ATIVE.  A celebrated
empirical remedy, much used as a carminative
for  children.  The following is a form for its pre-
paration : (Magneeia alb. Qij; ol. mentha piper.
gtt. j;  ol. nuc. moschat. gtt. iij ; ol. anisi, gtt. iij ;
t?ncr. castor, gtt.  xxx; tinct.  aaafaetid. gtt. xv ;
tinct. opii, gtt v;  ep. pulegii, gtt. xv ; tinct. car-
dam, c. gtt. xxx;  aqua mentha pip. J|ij.  M.)
A Committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College of
Pharmacy recommend the  following  form: —
(Aqua, Ox; Sacchar. alb. ^xxxij;  Carbon. Po-
tasa. ^ss;  Carb. Mag. t^xij ;  Tinct.  Opii. f^vj;
Ol.  menth. pip., Ol. Anethi Foenicul. aa fQij. M.)
  DALCOP, Idiot.
  DALTO'NIAN.   An  absurd name given  to
one who  cannot distinguish colours;  because the
celebrated chemist Dalton had the defect.  See
Achromatopsia.
  DALTONISM, Achromatopsia.
  DAMSON, Prunum Damascenum — d.  Moun-
tain, Quassia simarouba — d. Tree,  Prunus do-
mestica.
  DANCE, see Mania, dancing — d. St. John's,
see  Mania, dancing — d. St. Vitus's, Chorea, see
Mania, dancing.
  DANCING,  Salta'tio, (F.) Dame.   A kind of
exercise  and amusement, composed  of a succes-
sion of motions, gestures, and attitudes, executed
by measured steps to the sound  of  the voice or
musical instrument.   It is a healthy  exercise.
  Dancing  Mania,  see   Mania, dancing — d.
Plague, see Mania, dancing.
  DANDELION,  Leontodon taraxacum.
  DANDRIFF, Pityriasis.
  DANDRUFF, Pityriasis.
  DANDY, Dengue.
  DANEVERT, MINERAL WATERS OF.   A
spring, a league and a half from Upsal, in Swe-
den.  The waters contain carbonic acid,  holding
in solution carbonate of iron, sulphate of iron)
sulphates of soda and lime,  chloride of sodium,
and silica.  It is frequently employed in medicine.
  DANEWORT, Sambucus ebulus.
  DANICH; an  Arabic word,  signifying the
weight of 8 grains.
  DANIEL'LIA THURIF'ERA.  The Frankin-
cenae Tree of Western Africa, which furnishes the
product termed African Frankincenee.
  DANSE, Dancing—d. de St. Guy, Chorea—d.
de St. Witt, Chorea.
  DAOUN_SETAN, see Urtica.
  DAPHNE, Laurus.
  Daphne  Alpi'na,  Chama'e'a,   Chamala'a,
Widow   wail.   Ord.  Thymelaeae.    Sex.  Sytt.
Octandria Monogynia.  A sort of  dwarf-olive.
An  acrid, volatile, alkaline principle has been 
APHNti  BOISGENTIL      275      DAWLISH,  CLIMATE  OF
separated from  the bark  of this plant  by M.
Vauquelm,  to  which  he has  given the  name
Daphmne.  The  plants of  the genus owe their
vesicating property to  this principle.
  DAPHNE BOISGENTIL. Daphne mezereum
■—d.a lax-leaved, Daphne gnidium — d.  Garou,
Daphne gnidium.
  Daphne Gnid'ium, D. panicula'ta,  Thymela'a,
Th.  Monepeliaca,  Thymele'a,  Cneo'ron,  Spurge
Flax,  Flax-leaved Daphne.  The plant which
furnishes  the Garou Bark,  (¥.)  DaphnS  Garou,
Sutn-boie.  It is chiefly used, when  used at all,
for exciting  irritation  of the skin.   The Grana
Gnid'ia, (see Cnid'ia grana,) are acrid poisons,
like all the  plants of this genus, when taken in
quantity.   According  to others,  the  garou bark
and grana gnidia  are  obtained from  the  daphne
laureola.
  Daphne Laureola, D. major,  Thymela'a lau-
re'ola. The systematic  name of the Spurge Laurel,
Laureola.  The  bark  of  this plant  has  similar
properties to the last.
  Daphne Liottardi,  D.  laureola—d. Major, D,
laureola.
  Daphne Meze'reum, D. Liottar'di, Thymela'ar
meze'reum.  The  systematic  name of the Meze'-
reon, Mezereum,  Spurge olive, (¥.) DaphnS Boie-
gentil.  The bark of  the mezereon,  Meze'reum,
possesses  analogous properties to the other va-
rieties of Daphne.  It is considered stimulant and
diaphoretic; and, in large  doses, is  emetic.  It
has been employed in syphilitic cases,  but  its
efficacy is doubtful.  Soaked in vinegar, — meze'-
reum aceta'tum, like the other varieties of daphne,
it has been employed  to irritate  the  skin, espe-
cially to keep issues open.
  Daphne Paniculata, D.  Gnidium.
  DAPHNEL.E'ON,  O'leum Lauri'num, from
ia<pvn, 'the  laurel or bay tree,' and  tXaiov, 'oil.'
 Oil of Ray.
  DAPHNINE, see D»phne Alpina.
  DARNEL, Lolium temulentum.
  DARSENI, Laurus cinnamomum.
  DARSINI, Laurus cinnamomum.
  DARSIS,  from itpui, 'I  excoriate,' 'I skin.'
The Greek physicians  seemed to have used this
word to designate the anatomical preparation,
which consists in removing the skin for exposing
the organs covered by  it.
  DARTA,  Impetigo — d.  Excoriativa,  Herpes
exedens — d. Maligna, Herpes exedens.
  DARTOS.  Same derivation :  Membra'na car-
no'sa,  Tu'nica mnaeula'ria seu rubicun'da acKoti,
T. dartoa, Marau'pium  musculo'sum; from iapros,
'skinned.'   A name given to the second covering
of the testicle, which tbe ancient anatomists con-
ceived to  be muscular,  but which is merely areo-
lar.   Its external surface is towards the scrotum;
the internal towards the tunica vaginalis.   Fre-
derick Lobstein and Breschet consider,  that it
proceeds from an expansion of the fibrous cord,
known by the name Gubernaculum Testis.
  DARTRE, Herpes, Impetigo, Pityriasis—d.
CrustacSe, Ecthyma impetigo — d. CrustacSe fla-
vescente, Porrigo lupinosa—d. Croutense, Impetigo
—d. Ecailleuse, Psoriasis—d. Fongueuse, Ecthy-
ma— d. FvrfiiracSe  arrondie, Lepra,  Lepra vul-
garis— d. FitrfuracSe volante, Lichen, Pityriasis
— d.  PltlyctSnoide,  Herpes  phlyctaenoides — d.
Puatuleitse couperose, Gutta  rosea,—d. Puatuleuae
diaseminSe, Acne—d. Puatuleitse mentagra. Syco-
sis— d. Rongeaute, Herpes exedens:  see Esthio-
menus — d.  Si/nammeuse  humide, Eczema — d.
Squammeiise  UchSnoide, Psoriasis — d. Vive, Ec-
zema.
  DARTREUX  (F.l,  Herpet'ic.  Pai*cipating
In the characters of Dartre or Herpes.   Also, one
•fleeted with dartre.  Dartre has been  used, at
one time or other, for almost every disease of the
skin.   See Herpes.
  DAS'YMA, from  iaavs, 'rough,'  'hairy.'  A
disease of the eye—the  same as trachoma, but
less in degree.—Aetius, Gorraeus.
  DAS'YTES.  Same etymon.  Roughness, par-
ticularly  of  the tongue and voice.   Hairiness,
Hirsu'tiee.
  DATE, Pal'mula,  Dac'tylue, Bal'anos, Phcc'ni-
co8, the fruit of the  Phoenix dactylif'era seu ex-
celea, Palma dactylif'era, (¥.) Datte.  The un-
ripe date  is astringent.  When ripe, it resembles
the fig.  The juice of the tree is refrigerant.
  DATE  PLUM, INDIAN, Diospyrus lotus.
  DATTE, Date.
  DATURA, D. Stramonium.
  Datu'ra Sanguin'ea, Red Thorn Apple; called
by  the Indians of  Peru  Hiiacacachu, Yerba de
Huaca (huaea, a grave) or Grave-plant, and Bo-
vachevo.   Ord. Solanaceae.  A plant from which
the Peruvian Indians  prepare  a narcotic  drink
called Tonga.
  Datu'ra Stramo'nium, Stramo'nia, Barycoc'-
calon, Sola'num foe'tidum, Stramo'nium,  S. majue
album seu spino'aum  seu vulga'tum seu foe'tidum,
Pomum seu Malum epino'aum, Nux methel, Datu'-
ra,  Dutro'a,  Daty'ra,   Thorn Apple, Apple of
Peru, Jamestown Weed, Jimston or Jimpson Weed,
Stinkweed, (¥.) Stramoine, Pomme Spinettae, En-
dormie, Herbe aux aorciera ou de diable.   The
leaves, Stramo'nii Fo'lia, the seeds, Stramo'nii
Semen, and the root, Stramo'nii'Radix,  are the
parts  used in medicine.   They are narcotic and
poisonous; are given internally as narcotics and
antispasmodics;  and applied externally as seda-
tives, in the form of  fomentation.   The seeds are
smoked like tobacco, in asthma.  The dose of the
powder is, gr. j to gr. viii.
  DATURINE, Daturlna, Datu'ria, Datu'rium.
The active principle of the Datura Stramonium,
separated by Brandes, a German chemist  It has
not been rendered available in medicine.
  DATURIUM, Daturine.
  DATYRA, Datura stramonium.
  DAUCI RADIX, see Daucus Carota.
  DAUCITES VINUM.  Wine,  of which the
Daucue or Wild Carrot was an  ingredient.   The
seeds  were steeped in must.  It was formerly used
in coughs, convulsions, hypochondriasis, diseases
of the uterus, Ac.
  DAUCUS CANDIANUS, Athamanta cretensis.
  Daucus Caro'ta.  The systematic name of
the Carrot Plant;  Daucua, D. sylves'tris seu vul-
ga'ris  seu  8ati'vu8, Cauea'lie caro'ta, Paatina'ca
aylreetris  tenuifo'lia  officina'rum, Ado'rion ; Or-
der,  Umbelliferae.   (Sc)  Meeran, Mirrot, '(¥.)
Garotte;  Ord. Umbelliferaj.  The  fruit,  Carota,
— (Ph. U. S.) — and  the root, Dauci  radix, have
been  used in medicine.  The root is sweet and
mucilaginous; and the seeds have an aromatic
odour, and moderately warm, pungent taste.  The
root has been used, as an emollient,  to fetid and
ill-conditioned sores.  The aeeda  have been re-
garded as  stomachic, carminative, and diuretic;
but they have little  efficacy.  The seeds of the
wild plant are, by some, preferred to those of the
garden.
  Daucus Creticus, Athamanta cretensis — d.
Cyanopus, Pimpinella  magna — d. Sativus, D,
carota — d. Seprinius,  Scandix  cerefolium — d.
Sylvestris, D. carota.—d. Vulgaris, D. carota.
  DAUPHINELLE, Delphinium staphi?agria.
  DAVIDSON'S REMEDY FOR CANCER, see
Conium maculatum.
  DAVIER, Dentagra.
  DAWLISH, CLIMATE OF.   A town in De-
vonshire, frequented by phthisical invalids during
the winter.  It is well  protected from northerly
winds, and also from the violence of the south 
DAWPIT
276
DECANTATION
westerly  gales.  It offers, however, but  a con-
fined  space.
  DAWPIT, see Fatuitas.
  DAX,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.  Dax is a
city two leagues from Bordeaux, where there are
four  springs, that are  almost purely  thermal;
containing only a very small quantity of chloride
of magnesium, and sulphate of  soda and lime.
Temperature 76° to 133° Fahrenheit.
  DAYBLINDNESS, Nyctalopia.
  DAYMARE, Incubus vigilantium.
  DAYNETTLE, Lamium album.
  DAYSIGHT,  Hemeralopia—d. Vision,  Heme-
ralopia.
  DAZZLING,  Caliga'tio,  (¥.) E'blottissement.
A momentary  disturbance of sight, occasioned
either by the sudden impression of too powerful
a light, or by some internal cause;  as plethora.
  DE VENTRE INSPICIENDO,  'of inspect-
ing the belly.'  Where there is reason to suppose
that  a woman feigns herself pregnant, a  writ de
ventre inapiciendo may be issued  to  determine
whether  she be  so  or not.  Until recently,  in
England,  the decision was left to twelve matrons
and   twelve respectable  men, according  to the
strict terms of the ancient writ.
  DEAD,  (Sax.) r>eat>,  Mor'tuue,  (F.) Mort.
Deprived of life, exanimate.
  DEADHOUSE, Morgue.
  DEADLY, Lethiferous, Mortal.
  DEADMEN'S BELLS,  Digitalis.
  DEADNETTfeE, Lamium album.
  DEAF: same  etymon as Deafness.  Surdua,
'¥.) Sourd, (Sc.) Dull.  Devoid of hearing. Hard
»f hearing.
  DEAF-DUMBNESS, Mutitas surdorum.
  DEAFNESS, (Sax. seap,) Sur'ditaa,  Copho'-
tia, Dyaecoi'a,  Dysecoe'a organ'ica, Baryecola,
Hardness of hearing, Hypocopho'sis, Subsur'ditas,
Bradycola, Bradyecola, (F.) SurditS, DuretS de
I'ouie, DysScSe.  Considerable diminution  or total
loss of hearing.   It may be the effect of acute  or
chronic inflammation of the internal ear, paralysis
of the auditory nerve or its pulpy extremity,  or
of some mechanical  obstruction to the sonorous
rays.   In^most cases, however, the  cause of the
deafness  is not appreciable, and the treatment
has to be  purely empirical.  Syringing the ears,
dropping in slightly stimulating oils, fumigations,
Ac, are the most likely means to afford relief.
  Deafness, Taylor's Remedy for, see Allium.
  DEALBATIO, Dealbation, Paleness.
  DEALBATION (¥.), Dealba'tio, Bleach'ing.
Applied,  particularly, to the whitening of bones
for anatomical purposes.
  DEAMBULATIO, Walking.
  DEARCH, Nanus.
  DEARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis.
  DEASCIATIO, Aposceparnismus.
  DEATH, (Sax. »ea»,) (Sc) Dede, Deid'; Apo-
bio'eie, Abio'eia, Extinc'tio, Ob'itue, Paychorag"ia,
Peychorrhag"ia, Le'thum, Letum, More, Inter'itue,
Than'atos, Decease, (F.) Mort. Definitive cessation
of all the functions, the aggregate of which consti-
tute life.    Real Death,  Apothana'sia, is  distin-
guished from asphyxia or apparent death—the lat-
ter being merely a suspension of those same func-
tions.  But it is often difficult to judge of such sus-
pension, and the only certain sign of real death is
the commencement of putrefaction.  At  times,
therefore, great caution is requisite to avoid mis-
takes. Death is commonly preceded by some
distressing symptoms, which depend on lesion of
respiration, circulation,  or of the cerebral func-
tions, and which constitute the agony. That which
occurs suddenly, and without any, or with few,
precursory signs, is called sudden  death.  It  is
ordinarily caused by disease of the heart, apo-
plexy, the rupture of an aneurism, or by some
other organic affection.   Death is  natural, (So.)
Strae-death,vrhen it occurs as the result of disease:
violent, when produced by some forcible agency.
It may likewise affect the whole body, or a part
only; hence the difference between somatic and
molecular death.
  The chief varieties of the modes of death may
be thus given:
                             f Suddenly—Syn-
Death beginning at the heart,  < cope: Gradual—
                             (_ Asthenia.
  "      "      in the lungs—Asphyxia.
  "      "      in the  brain—Apoplexy.
                 in  tbe gray J" Paralysis of
  "      "      matter of the-I pneumogastrics,
                 medulla,     (_ Ac
  "      "      in the blood [?]—necraemia.
  As it was at one time conceived, with Bichat,
that death  must commence in the heart, lungs,
or brain, these organs were called a'tria mortis,
'the halls of death.'
  Death, Apparent, Asphyxia.
  Death, Black.  Pestis nigra,  Black Plague,
(¥.) Peste noire.  The plague of the 14th century
was  so called, which  is supposed to have proved
fatal in Europe to 25,000,000 of people.—Hecker.
  Death of Man, Cicuta maculata — d. Stiffen-
ing,  Rigor mortis.
  DEBILIS, Infirm.
  DEBIL'ITANTS,  Debilitan'tia, Antidynam'-
ica,  Philadynam'ica, from debilitare, itself from
debilis,  quasi  dchabilis, 'weak,'  'to weaken.'
Remedies exhibited for the purpose  of reducing
excitement. Antiphlogistics are, hence, debili-
tants.
  DEBILITAS, Debility—d. Erethisica, see Irri-
table— d. Nervosa, Neurasthenia, see Irritable
—d. Visus, Asthenopia.
  DEBIL'ITY, Debilitae,  Asthenia, Hyposthe-.
ni'a,  Blacla,  Anenerge'sia, Anenergi'a, Weak-
ness, (¥.) Faiblesse.  A condition, which may be
induced by a number of causes.  It must not be
confounded with  fatigue, which  is  temporary,
whilst debility is generally  more permanent.
  Debility  may be real, or  it  may be apparent;
and, in the  management of disease, it is important
to attend to this.  At the commencement of fever,
for example, there is often  a degree  of apparent
debility,  which prevents the  use  of  appropriate
means, and is  the cause of much  evil.  Excite-
ment is more dangerous  than debility.
  DEBOITEMENT, Luxation.
  DEBORDEMENT (¥.), from  dSborder (de
and  border), ' to overflow.'  A popular term for
one or more sudden and copious evacuations from
the bowels.  It is  chiefly applied to  bilious eva-
cuations of this kind—DSbordement de Bile.
  DEBRIDEMENT (¥.), Frano'rum  eolu'tio,
from (F.) dSbrider (de and brider), 'to unbridle.'
The removal of  filaments, Ac, in a wound or
abscess, which prevent the discharge  of pus.  In
a more general acceptation, it means the cutting
of a  soft, membranous, or aponeurotic part, which
interferes with  the exercise of any organ what-
ever; thus, in paraphimosis, dSbridement of the
prepuce is  practised to put an  end to the inflam-
mation of the glans: in strangulated hernia, dS-
bridement of the abdominal ring is had recourse
to, to remove the stricture of the intestine, Ac.
  DECAGRAMME, from itxa, 'ten,'  and ypappa,
' a gramme.'  The weight of ten grammes, 154.34
grains Troy.
  DECAM'YRON, from itxa, 'ten,'  and uvpov,
'ointment'  An ancient cataplasm, composed of
malabathrum,  mastich,  euphorbium,   spikenard,
ttyrax calgmita, carbonate of lime, common pep-
per, unguentum nardi, opobalsamum, and wax.
  DECANTATION, Decanta'tio,  Defu'sio, Me- 
DECAPITATIO ARTICULORUM  277             DECOCTION
tangism'os, Catach'yeis.   A pharmaceutical ope-
ration, which consists in pouring off, gently, by
inclining the vessel, any fluid which has left a
deposit.
  DECAPITATIO ARTICULORUM, see Resec-
tion.
  DECAPITATION, Decollation.
  DECARBONIZATION, Ha3matosis.
  DECEASE, Death.
  DECESSIO, Ecpiesma.
  DECHARNE, Demusculatus.
  DECHAPELLEMENT.  An old French term,
employed by Pare and others for  the operation
of cutting and removing, with  a strong forceps,
the corona of a carious tooth, where  it is desired
to preserve the fang.
  DEGHAUSSEMENT (¥.), (de and chausser.)
The state in which the gums have  fallen away
from the teeth, as in those affected by mercury,
in old  persons, Ac.   Also, the operation of lanc-
ing the gums.  See Gum lancet.
  DECHAUSSOIR, Gum lancet
  DECHIREMENT, Laceration.
  DECHIRURE, Wound, lacerated—d. de I'UtS-
rus, Uterus, rupture of the.
  DECIDENTIA, Cataptosis, Epilepsy.
  DECIDUA, Decidua membrana.
  Decid'ua Membra'na, Decid'iia,  Decid'uous
Membrane, from  decidere, 'to fall off,' (de  and
cadere.)   So called on account of its  being consi-
dered  to be  discharged from the uterus at partu-
rition.  A membrane, formerly defined to be the
outermost membrane of the  foetus) in utero;  and
still so defined by some—as by Dr. Lee.  Chaus-
sier calls it Epicho'rion: by others,  it has been
called Membra'na cadu'ca Hunteri, M. flocculeil-
ta seu cellulo'sa  seu sinuo'sa seu commu'nis seu
praexis'tens, Decidua externa seu epongio'ea,  Tu'-
nica exterior ovi seu cadu'ca seu craaaa, Mem-
bra'na cribro'ea seu ovi mater'na seu  muco'ea seu
u'teri  intern'a evolu'ta,  Epio'ne, Placen'ta uteri
euccenturia'tua, Subplacen'ta, Nidamen'tum,  An-
hia'toue membrane, (¥.) Caduque, C.  vraie, Mem-
brane  caduque, Epione,  PSrione ;—prior to the
time of the Hunters, called Cho'rion  apongio'aum
seu tomento'sum  seu  fungo'sum  seu reticula!turn,
4c, Tu'nicafilamento'sa, Shaggy Chorion, Spongy
Chorion, Ac.  Great diversity has prevailed re-
garding this membrane and  its reflected portion.
It exists before the germ arrives in the uterus—
as it has been met with in tubal and ovarial preg-
nancies; and is  occasioned  by a new action, as-
sumed by the uterine vessels at the  moment of
conception.   Chaussier, Lobstein,  Gardien, Vel-
peau, and others, consider it to be a  sac, without
apertures, completely lining  the uterus, and  that
when  the ovum  descends through  the tube,  it
pushes the decidua before it, and  becomes enve-
loped  in it, except at the part destined to form
the placenta.  That portion of the membrane
which covers the ovum, forms the Membra'na
decid'ua refiex'a,  (F.)  Caduque rSfiSchie, Mem-
brane  caduque rSfiSchie, according to them — the
part lining  the uterus being the Decidua  U'teri,
(¥.) Caduque utSrine.  Towards the end  of the
fourth month, the deciduareflexadisappears.  The
very existence of a  Tunica  decidua  reflexa  has,
however, been denied.   This last membrane has
received various  names.   Dr. Granville, regard-
ing it as the external membrane of tbe ovum, has
termed it Cortex ovi.  It has also been termed
Involtlcritm  membrana'c-eiun, Membra'na reti-
form'is cho'rii seu filamento'aa  seu  adventil'ia
seu craaaa, Ovuline and Decid'ua protru'ea.  To
the membrane which, according to Bojanus  and
others, is situate between the placenta and the
uterus, and which he considers  to be produced
at a later period  than  the decidua vera, he gave
the name membra'na decid'ua acro'tina.
  Histological researches seem to show, that the
decidua is an altered condition of the  lining
membrane of the uterus, with a, whitish secretion
filling the uterine tubular glands.  The decidua
reflexa is probably formed by the agency of  nu-
cleated cells from the plastic materials thrown out
from the decidua uteri; in  the  same manner as
the chorion is formed in the Fallopian Tube from
plastic materials  thrown out from its lining mem-
brane.  That the decidua reflexa is not  a mere
inverted portion of the decidua uteri is  shown
by the fact, that the texture of the two is by no
means identical.
  Decidua Protrusa, Decidua reflexa.
  DECIDUOUS MEMBRANE,  Decidua  (mem-
brana).
  DECIGRAMME, Decigram'ma, from decimua,
'the tenth part,' and ypappa,  'gramme.'  The
tenth part of the gramme in weight; equal to a
little less than two grains, French ; 1.543  Troy.
  DECIMA'NA  FEBRIS,  from decern, 'ten.*
An intermittent, whose paroxysms return every
10th day or every 9 days.  It is supposititious.
  DECLAMATION,  Declama'tio, from de,  and
clamare, clamatum, ' to cry out'  The art of de-
picting the sentiments by inflections of the voice,
accompanied  with gestures,  which render  the
meaning of the speaker more evident, and infuse
into the minds of the auditors the emotions  with
which he is impressed.  Declamation may become
the cause of disease:  the modification, produced
in the pulmonary circulation, — accompanied  by
the great excitement, sometimes experienced,—is
the cause of many morbid affections ; particularly
of pneumonia, haemoptysis, and apoplexy.   In
moderation, it gives a healthy excitement to the
frame.
  DECLIN,  Decline.
  DECLINATIO, Decline.
  DECLINE,  Declina'tio,  Inclina'tio,  Deere-
men'tum, Remia'aio, Parac'me, Parac'maaia, (¥.)
DSclin,  from  de, and  clinare, 'to bend.'   That
period of a disorder or paroxysm, at which  the
symptoms begin  to abate in violence.  We speak,
also, of the decline of life, or of the powers, (F.)
DSclin de lage,  L'age  de dSclin, when the phy-
sical and moral faculties lose a little of their ac-
tivity and energy.  See Phthisis, and Tabes.
  DECEIVE, (F.) Decllvie, from de, -from,' and
clivua,  'acclivity.'  Inclining downwards.  This
epithet is applied to the most depending part of a
tumour or abscess.
  DECOCTE, Decoction.
  DECOCTION, Decoc'tio,  from decoqnere, 'to
boil,' (de and coquere, coctum,) Epae'aia, Apoz'eaia,
Zeaia, Hepae'aia,  Aphepaia, (¥.)  DScoction.  The
operation of boiling certain ingredients in  a fluid,
for the purpose of extracting the parts soluble at
that temperature.   Decoction,  likewise,  means
the product of this operation, to which the terms
Decoctum, Zema,  Aphepae'ma, Ap'ozem, Apoz'ema,
Hepse'ma, Chylus and  Epae'ma, (¥.) DScoetS, Hy-
dride, Hydrolite, have  been applied according to
ancient custom, in order to avoid any confusion
between the operation and its product;—as pra-
paratio is used for the act of preparing; prapa-
ratum, for the thing prepared.
  Decoction  of  Aloes, Compound, Decoctum
aloes  compositum — d. of Bark, Decoctum  Cin-
chonae—d. of Bark, pale, see Decoctum Cinchonas
— d. of Bark, red, see  Decoctum Cinchonae — d.
of Bark, yellow,  see Decoctum Cinchonae—d. of
Barley,  Decoctum hordei — d.  of  Barley, com-
pound, Decoctum hordei compositum—d.  Bitter,
Decoctum amarum—d. of Broom, Decoctum sco-
parii — d. of  Broom,  compound, Decoctum  sco- 
DECOCTUM              278              DECOCTUM
parii compositum—d. of Cabbage  tree bark, De-
coctum geoffraeae inermis—d. of Cassia, Decoctum
cassiaB — d. of Chamomile, Decoctum anthemidis
nobilis—d. of Cinchona, Decoctum Cinchonae—d.
of Cinchona, compound laxative, Decoctum kinae
kinae compositum et laxans—d. of Colomba, com-
pound, Decoctum  Colombae  compositum — d. of
Dandelion, Decoctum  Taraxaci—d. of Dogwood,
Decoctum Cornus  Florida;—d. of Elm bark, De-
coctum  ulmi—d. of Flaxseed,  compound, Decoc-
tum Lini compositum—d. of Foxglove, Decoctum
digitalis — d. de Gayac composSe, Ac, Decoctum
de  Gtiyaco compositum — d. of Guaiacum, com-
pound,  Decoctum  Guaiaci  compositum — d. of
Guaiacum, compound purgative,  Decoctum de
Guayaco  compositum — d.  of  Hartshorn,  burnt,
Mistura cornu usti — d. of Hellebore, white, De-
coctum  veratri — d. of Iceland moss, Decoctum
cetrariae—d. of Logwood, Decoctum  haematoxyli
—d. of  Marshmallows, Decoctum althaeas—d. de
Mauve composSe, Decoctum malvae ccmpositum—
d. of  Oak bark, Decoctum quercus — d. d'Orge,
Decoctum hordei—d.  d'Orge composSe, Decoctum
hordei compositum—d. of Pareira Brava, Decoc-
tum Pareirae — d. of  Pipsissewa, Decoctum chi-
maphilae—d. of Poppy, Decoctum papaveris—d.
of Quince seeds, Decoctum cydoniae—d. de  Quin-
quina compoaSe et  laxative, Decoctum kinae kinae
compositum et laxans — d.  de Salaepareille com-
posSe, Decoctum sarsaparillae compositum—d. of
Sarsaparilla, Decoctum sarsaparillae — d. of Sar-
saparilla, compound, Decoctum sarsaparillae com-
positum—d. of Sarsaparilla, false, Decoctum ara-
Iia? nudicaulis—d. of  Squill, Decoctum scillae—d.
of Tormentil, Decoctum Tormentillse—d. of Uva
ursi, Decoctum  uvae ursi — d.  of the Woods, De-
coctum Guaiaci compositum—d. of Woody night-
shade, Decoctum  dulcamarae — d. of  Zittmann,
Decoctum Zittmanni.
   DECOCTUM, Decoction — d. Album, Mistura
cornu usti.
   Decoctum  Al'oes  Compos'itum,  Decoctum
Aloe'e, Balsam of Life, Compound  Decoction of
Aloes.  (Ext. glyc. .^vij, potass,  earb. £j, aloes,
myrrha  contrit.:  croci aa  Qss, aqua Oiss (Imp.
lucas.).   Boil to Oj :  strain, and add tinct. card.
c. *vij. Pharm. L.)   The gum and extractive are
 dissolved in this preparation.  The alkali is added
to take up a little of the resin.   The  tincture pre-
 vents it  from spoiling.   It is gently cathartic.
 Dose, I5S8 to ^ij.
   Decoctum  Al,tkm'm,  Mistura   Altha'a,  D.
 althaa  officina'lis:  Decoction  or  Mixture  of
 Mareh-mallowe,  (¥.) DScoction  de  Gttimauve.
 (Rad. althaa sice. 5jiv.  uvar. paeear. ^ij, aqua,
 Ovij.  Boil to  Ov.   Pour  off the  clear  liquor.
 Pharm. E.)   It is used as a demulcent.
   Decoctum Ama'rum ;  Bitter Decoction.   (Rad.
 aent. 3J> aqua Oijss. Boil for a quarter of  an
 hour;  add epeciea amara  3U-   Infuse  for two
 hours and filter, without expressing. Pharm. P.)
 It is tonic.   Dose, f^ss to !|ij.
    Decoctum  Amyli,  Mucilago amyli.
    Decoctum  Anthem'idis Nob'ilis, D. Chama-
 nte'li;  Decoction  of  Cham'omile.  (Flor.  anthe-
 mtd. nobil. %j, aem.  carui  £\v, aqua Ov.  Boil
 for fifteen minutes and  strain.   Pharm. E.)   It
 contains  bitter extractive and essential oil, dis-
 solved, in water.  It is  used, occasionally, as a
 vehicle for tonic  powders,  pills, Ac, and in  fo-
 mentations and glysters;  but for the last pur-
 pose,  warm  water is equally  efficacious. The
 Dublin college has a  compound  decoction.
   Decoctum  Ara'li.e Nudicau'lis ; Decoction
 of False Sarsaparilla.   (Aralia nudicaul. 5vj,
 aqua Oviij.   Digest for four hours, and then boil
 *o four pints: press out and strain tho uecoction.
 Former Ph. U. S.)   It  is  used  as  a stomachic,
but it .s an unnecessary and  laborious prepa-
ration.
  Decoctum Cas'sia; Decoction of Cassia. (Cas-
sia pulp. %\}, aqua Oij.  Boil for a few minutes,
filter  without expression, and add ayrup. violar.
j|j, or manna pur. ,^ij.  Pharm. P.)   It is  lax-
ative, in the dose of Jvj.
  Decoctum Cetra'rijs, Decoctum Liche'nie la-
land'ici, Decoction of Iceland Moaa.  (Cetrar. ^ss,
aqua Oiss.   Boil to a pint, and strain  with com-
pression.  Ph.  U. S.)  It consists of  bitter ex-
tractive and fecula,  dissolved in water, and its
operation is tonic and demulcent.  Dose, f Jj  to
^iv.  It is  also nutrient, but hardly worthy of
the rank of an officinal preparation.
  Decoctum ChamjEmeli, Decoctum anthemidis
nobilis.
  Decoctum Chimaph'iljE,  Decoction of Pipsie'-
aewa.  (Chimaph. contus. Jjj, aqua Oiss.  Boil  to
a pint, and  strain.  Pharm.  U. S.)  A pint  may
be given in the course of the twenty-four hours.
  Decoctum Cincho'na, D. Cor'ticie Cinchona
seu  Kitta  Kina, Decoction of Cinchona or of
Bark. (Cinchon. cort. contus. §j, aqua Oj.  Boil
for ten minutes, in a slightly-covered vessel, and
strain while hot  It contains quinia and resinous
extractive, dissolved in water. Long coetion oxy-
genates and precipitates the extractive.  It can
be  given, where the  powder does  not sit easy,
Ac.  Dose, f^j to ^iv. .
   The Pharmacopoeia of the United States has a
Decoctum  Cinchona flava,  Decoction of yellow
bark, and a Decoctum  Cinchona rubra, Decoction
of red bark, both of which are prepared as above.
The  London,  Edinburgh, and Dublin Colleges
have a Decoctum Cinchona pallida, Decoction  of
Pale Bark.
   Decoctum Colom'b^: Compos'itum;  Compound
Decoction of Colomba.  (Colomb. contus., quassia,
aa ^ij, cort. aurant. 3j,  rhej pulv. ^j) potassa
carbonat. ^ss,  aqua  %x.z.   Boil to a  pint, and
add  tinct.  lavand.  f^ss.   Former Ph.  U. S.)
 Given as  a tonic, but not worthy an officinal
 station.
   Decoctum Commune pro Clystere, D. malvae
 compositum — d.  Cornu cervini, Mistura  cornu
 usti.
   Decoctum  Cornus  Flor'id^e,  Decoction  of
 Dogwood.   (Cornus Florid, cont  ^j, aqua Oj.
 Boil  for ten  minutes in a covered vessel, and
 strain while hot.  Pharm. U. S.)   Dose, f^iss.
   Decoctum Cydo'ni^e, Mucila'go Sem'inis Cy-
 do'nii Mali seu Sem'inum  Cydonio'rum;  Decoc.
 tion  or  Mu'cilage of Quince  eeede,   (Cydonia
 aem.  gij, aqua Oj.   Boil for ten minutes over a
 gentle fire, and strain. Pharm. L.)  It is merely
 a solution  of mucilage in water, and is used as a
 demulcent.
   Decoctum Daphnes Meze'rei, Decoctum Me-
 ze'rei,  Decoction of  Meze'reon.    (Mezerei,  5J>j>
 glycyrrh. cont 3J, aqtta Oij.  Boil over a gentle
 fire to Oiss, and strain.  Ph. E.)  The acrimony
 of the mezereon and the  saccharine mucilage of
 the liquorice root are imparted to the water.  It
 is  somewhat  stimulant,  and  has  been used in
 secondary  syphilis;   but  is devoid  of  power.
 Dose, f^iij to ^yj.
   Decoctum Diaphoreticum,  D. Guaiaci compo-
 situm—d.  pro  Enemate, D. malvae compositum.
   Decoctum  Digita'lis, Decoction of Fox-glove.
 (Fol. digit, sice 3j, aqua q. s.  ut colentur f.^viij.
 Let the liquor begin to boil over a slow fire, and
 then remove it.  Digest for fifteen minutes, and
 strain.  Pharm. D.)   It possesses the  properties
 of the plant.   Dose, fjij to giij.
   Decoctum  Dulcama'r.«, ^Decoction  of Woody
 Niyhtahade.  (Dulcamara  cont. %j,  aqua Oiss.
 Boil to Oj, and strain. Pharm. U. S.) This  de'-
 coetion has been considered diuretic *nd diapho- 
DECOCTUM
2 79
DECOCTUM
retic, and has been administered extensively in
skin diseases.   It is probably devoid of efficacy.
  Decoctum pro Fomento, D. papaveris.
  Decoctum Geoffr*'^  Inerm'is;  Decoction
of Cabbage-Tree  Bark.   (Cort. geoffr. inermie, in
pulv. ^j, Aqua  Oij.  Boil over  a slow fire to a
pint, and strain.  Pharm. E.)  It is possessed of
anthelmintic, purgative, and narcotic properties,
and has been chiefly used  for the first of these
purposes.   Dose, to  children, f^ij —to adults,
f^ss to gij.
   Decoctum Guai'aci  Compos'itum, D. Guaiaci
officiita'tia   compoa'itum seu  Ligno'rum  seu  de
Gtiynco compos'itum seu audorif'icum seu diapho-
relicum; Compound decoction of Guaiacum, De-
coction of the Woods.   (Lign. guaiac. rasur. §iij,
fruct. aicc.  vitia vinifer.  ^ij, rad.  lauri. aaaaafr.
concis., rad. glycyrrh. aa 2;j, aqua  Ox.  Boil the
Guaiacum  and  raisins over  a  slow  fire to Ov:
adding the roots towards the end, then  strain.
Pharm. E.)  It is possessed of stimulant proper-
ties, and has been  given in syphilitic, cutaneous,
and  rheumatic  affections.   The  resin  of the
guaiacum is, however, insoluble in  water, so that
tho guaiac wood in it cannot be supposed to pos-
sess much, if any, effect.  The  Parisian  Codex
 has a
   Decoctum de Guyaco  Compos'itum et Pur-
 GANS, (F.) DScoction de Gayac CompoaSe et Pur-
gative ;  Compound purgative Decoction of Guai'-
acum.  (Lign.  guaiac.  rasp., rad. aaraap.  aa ^j,
 potass, carbonat. gr. xxv.  Macerate for  twelve
 hours, agitating occasionally, in water Oiv, until
 there  remain Oiij.   Then  infuse in it fol. aenna
 3»j> rhej 3J, lign. aaaaafr., glycyrrh. rad. aa 2;ij,
 aem. coriand. £j.  Strain gently, suffer it to settle,
 Mid pour off the clear  supernatant liquor.  Tho
 dtle sufficiently indicates the properties  of the
 jomposition.
   Decoctum  Hjsmatox'yli, Decoction of Log-
 wood.  (Hamaioxyl. rasur.  ^j, aqua Oij. Boil
 to a pint, and strain.   Pharm. U. S.)
   Decoctum Hellebori Albi,  D.  veratri.
   Decoctum  Hor'dei, Decoctum  Hordei Die'-
 tichi,  Ptia'ana  Hippocrat'ica,  Tipaa'ria, Tap-
 ta'ria, Aqua  Hordea'ta,  Hydroerlthe,  Barley
 Water,  Decoc'tion  of Barley, {¥.)  DScoction
 d'Orge,  Tiaane.  Commune.   (Hord.  ^ij, Aqua
 Oivss. Wash  the  barley  well, boil  for  a few
 minutes in water Oss:  strain this, and throw it
 away, and  add the remainder,  boiling.  Boil  to
 Oij, and strain.  Pharm. L.) It is nutritive and
 demulcent, and is chiefly used as a common drink,
 and in glysters.
    Decoc'tum  noRDEi  Compos'itum,  Decoctum
 pectora'le, Miatu'ra Hor'dei, Ptia'ana commit'nia ;
 Compound  Decoction of Barley, (¥.) Decoction
 d'Orge  composSe.    (Decoct, hord.  Oij,  carica
 fruct. concis. ,^'ss> 9tycyr,'h- ra<^-  concis.  et con-
 tus. £vj, iit-arum paaa. demptis acinis. ^ijss, aqua
 Oj.  Boil to Oij, and strain.  Pharm. L.)  It has
 similar properties to the last.
    Decoctum  Kin^e Kin,e, D. Cinchonae.
    Decoctum  Kin.e KinjE  Compos'itum et Lax-
 ans, DScoction de quinquina compoaSe et laxative;
 Compound lax'ative decoction of Cinchona. (Cort.
 cinchon. 3jj, aqua Oij.   Boil for a quarter of  an
 hour, remove it from  the fire; then infuse in it,
 for half an hour,  fol.  senna, eoda aulph. aa, gij :
 add ayrup. de aennd fJfj.)  Its title  indicates  its
 properties.
    Decoctum  Lichenis Islandici, Decoctum  Ce-
 (xariaj—d. Lignorum, D. Guaiaci compositum.
    Decoctum  Lini  Compos'itum,  Compound De-
 letion of Flaxaeed.   (Lini ^j, Glyeyrrhiz. con-
 Ms. 3S3, aqua Oiss.   Boil for  ten minutes, and
 strain.  Ph. D.)
   Decoctum   Mvlv^  Compos'itum,  Decoctum
j>ro enem'ate seu  commu'ne pro clyete're; Com-
pound Decoction of 3fallow,  (¥.) DScoction de
JIauve compoaSe.   (Malva  exeicc. ^j, anthemid.
flor. exaicc. ^ss. aqua Oj.  Boil for fifteen minutes
and strain.)  It consists of bitter extractive, and
mucilage in water, and is chiefly used for clysters
and fomentations.   It is unworthy a place in the
pharmacopoeias.
  Decoctum  Mezerei, D. daphnes mezerei.
  Decoctum   Papav'eris,  Decoc'tum pro Fo-
men'to,  Fotue commu'nie;  Decoction  of  Poppy.
(Papav. eomnif. capeul. concis.  ^iv,  aqua Oiv.
Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain.   Pharm. L.)
It contains the narcotic principle of the poppy,
and  mucilage in water:  is anodyne  and  emol-
lient, and employed as such in fomentation, in
painful  swellings, ulcers, Ac.
  Decoctum   Parei'r.b, Decoction of Pareira
Brava.   (Pareir.  brav. £x, Aq. deatillat Oiss,
(Imp. meas.)  Boil to a pint and strain.   Dose,
f%}  to §ij.
  Decoctum Pectorale, D. hordei compositum
—d. Polygalae Senegae, D.  Senegae.
  Decoctum  Quercus Alb^e, D. Quercus Ro'-
boria ; Decoction of White  Oak Bark,  (Querciia
cort. j|j, aqua Oiss.  Boil  to a  pint, and  strain.
Pharm.  U. S.)   It is astringent, and used as
such, in injections, in leucorrhoea, uterine hemor-
rhage, Ac, as well as in the form of fomentation
to unhealthy ulcers.
  Decoctum SarSjE, Decoctum  Sarsaparillae.
  Decoctum  Sarsaparil'LjE, D. Smi'lacia Sar-
eaparilla,  D. Saraa,  D. Surza; Decoction of
Sarsaparilla.  (Sarsaparill. rad. concis.  ^v, aq.
fervent. Oiv. (Imp. meas.)  Macerate  for four
hours near the  fire, in a lightly-covered vessel;
then bruise  the root; macerate again for two
hours;  then  boil to Oij, and strain.  Pharm. L.)
It contains  bitter extractive, and mucilage in
water;  is demulcent, and has been used, although
it is doubtful with what efficacy, in the sequelae
of syphilis.  Dose, f^iv to Oss.
   Decoctum Sarsaparillae Compos'itum; Com-
pound  Decoction of Sarsaparilla, (F.) DScoction
de Salsepareille CompoaSe.  (Saraapnrill. concis.
et contus. § vj, Saaaafr. Cort. concis., Lign. Guaiac.
rasur.,  Rad.  Glyeyrrhiz. contus., aa ^j, Mezerei,
concis.  3iij> Aqua Oiv.  Boil fifteen minutes, and
strain.   Pharm.  U. S.)  This is considered to be
possessed ofanalogous properties to the celebrated
Liabon  Diet-Drink, Decoc'tumLuaitatlicum, which
it resembles  in composition.
   Decoctum  Sarz^e, Decoctum  Sarsaparillae.
   Decoctum Scill* ; Decoction of Squill.  (Scil-
la, J5uj' juniper, ^iv, Senega,  ^iij,  Aqua Oiv.
Boil till one  half  the liquor is consumed; strain,
and  add apirit of nitrous ether, f 3;iv.  Former
Pharm. U. S.)  Dose, f^ss.
   Decoctum  Scopa'rii,  Decoction  of  Broom
 (Scopar. exsiccat :fss, (avoirdupois); Aqua Oss.
 (Imp. meas.)  Boil for ten  minutes  and strain.
—Ph. D.)
   Decoctum Scopa'rii Compos'itum,  D. Scoparii
 (Ph. E.), Compound Decoction of Broom (Scopar.,
Junip.  cont, Taraxac. cont, aa §ss; Aq. deatillat.
 Oiss, (Imp. meas.)  Boil to a pint,  and strain.
 Ph. L.)  Dose,  half a pint to a pint,  in the day
 as a diuretic, in dropsy.
   Decoctum Sen'eg^e,D. Polyg'ala Senega ; De-
 coction of Senega.  (Seneg.  cont. ^j, aqua Oiss.
 Boil to Oj, and  strain.  Ph.  U. S.)  It is reputed
 to be diuretic, purgative,-and stimulant, and has
 been given in dropsy, rheumatism,  Ac.
   Decoctum Smilacis Sarsaparilla, D. sarsa
 parillae—d. Sudorificum, D. Guaiaci compositum.
   Decoctum Tarax'aci, Decoction of Dandelion.
 (Taraxac. contus. ^iv, aqua Oiss.  (Imp. meas.)
 Boil to a pint, and strain.  Ph. L.)  Dose f'§iss.
   Decoctum Tormentii.'l.s, Decoction of Tor-
 mentil.  (Tormentil.cont. Jy, Aqua desti'iat. Oiaa. 
DECOLLATION           280            DEFENSIVUM
(Imp. meas.)  Boil to a pint, and strain.  Dose, j
as an astringent, one or two fluid ounces.
  Decoctum Ulmi, D. Ulmi Campee'tris, Decoc- I
tion of Elm Bark.  ( Ulmi cort. recent, cont. ^iiss,
aqua Oij. (Imp. meas.)   Boil to Oj, and strain.
Ph. L.)  It is  a reputed  diuretic, and has been
used in lepra and herpes ; but,  probably, has no
efficacy.   Dose, f Jjiv to Oss.
  Decoctum Uvi;  Ursi,  Decoction of uva ursi.
(Uva ursi, %j, aqua, f.^xx.  Boil  to a  pint and
strain.  Ph. U.^S.)  D*ose, f^iss.
  Decoctum Vera'tri, Decoctum Helleb'ori albi;
Decoction of White  Hellebore. ■  (Veratri  rad.
cont gj, aaua 0iJ> 8Pir-  ree-  f3'J\  BoJ1  the
watery decoction to Oj, and, when it is cola, add
the spirit  Pharm. L.)  It is  stimulant, acrid,
and cathartic; but is used only externally.   It
is  a  useful  wash  in  tinea  capitis, psora,  Ac.
Should it excite intense pain on being applied, it
must be  diluted.
   Decoctum Zittman'ni,  Zitt'mann's Decoction.
A  most  absurd farrago, extolled  by Theden in
venereal diseases,  the formula for which, accord-
ing to Jourdan, " some blockheads have lately
reproduced among us as a novelty."  It is com-
posed of sarsaparilla,  pulvis  stypticus, calomel
and cinnabar, boiled in water with  aniseed, fennel
seed, and liquorice root.   A atronger and a weaker
decoction were directed by Zittinann.  Formulae
for its preparation are  contained in  Jourdan's
Pharmacopoeia Universalis; and in Lincke's Voll-
standiges Recept-Taschenbuch. Leipz., 1841.
   DECOLLATION, Decapita'tion, Decapita'tio,
 Obtrunca'tio, from de  and collum, ' the neck.'
The act  of separating the head from the trunk,
by the section of the neck, as in cases of-dystocia.
   DECOLLEMENT, (¥.) Deglutina'tio,  (from
de and coller, ' to  glue.')  The  state of an  organ
that  is  separated  from  the surrounding  parts,
owing to  destruction  of the areolar membrane
which united them.  The skin is dScollSe, i. e.
separated  from the subjacent  parts,  by a burn,
subcutaneous abscess, Ac.
   DECOLLEMENT DU PLACENTA is the
separation  or detachment of the whole or a part
 of the placenta from the inner  surface of the ute-
rus.   DScallcment, from de, ' from,' and collum,
 ' the neck,' obtrunca'tio, also means the separa-
 tion of the head of the foetus from the trunk, the
 latter remaining in the uterus.
    DECOLORATION, Decolora'tio, Discolora'-
 tio, from de, ' from,' and  colorare, coloratun^ ' to
 colour.' Loss of the natural colour; Parachro'sis.
 Devoid  of colour—Achroma'sia.
    In Pharmacy, any process by which liquids, or
 solids in solution, are deprived wholly or in part
 of their colour,—as by bringing them in contact
 with animal charcoal.
    DECOMPOSEE  (¥.), from de, 'from,'  and
 componere,  compositum,  ' to compose.'  Decom-
 posed,  Diaaolu'tua.  An epithet, applied  to the
 face when  extensively changed in its expression
 and colour; as in  the choleric or moribund.
    DECORTICATION,  from   de,  'from,'  and
 cortex,  corticia, ' bark.'   An  operation,  which'
 consists  in  separating  the  bark from  roots,
 stalks, Ac.
    DECOSTIS, Apleu'roa, from  de,  priv., and
 coata, 'a rib.'   One who has no ribs.
    DECREMENTUM, Decline.
    DECREPIT, see Decrepitude.
    DECREP'ITUD ¥.,Decrepitu'do,JEtae decrep'i-
 ta, Ultima aenec'tua, Senec'ta  decrep'ita seu  ex-
 tre'ma  seu aumma seu ultima, from decrepitue,
 (de, and crepere, crepitum, ' to  creak,') 'very old.'
 The last period of old age, and  of human  life;
 which ordinarily  occurs about the eightieth year.
 It may, however, be accelerated or protracted.
Its  character consists in the  progressive series
of phenomena which announce the approaching
extinction of life.  One in this stage of existence
is said to be decrep'it, decrep'ifus, (¥.) dScrSpit.
  DECRETORII DIES, Critical days.
  DECU'BITUS, from  decumbere,  (de, and  cit-
bere, cubitum, 'to lie,') 'to lie down.'   Cuba'tin.
Lying down.  Assuming the horizontal posture,
cu'bitus eitplnua ; (¥.) Coucher.  Hord decttbitue,
' at bed time.'   The French say—Deenbitua hori-
zontal, sur le doa, aur le  cotS, for, lying  in  the
horizontal posture, on the back or side.
  DECURTATUS,  ptiovpos, or ptiovpifav, from
de,  and  curtua, 'short,' 'shortened, curtailed,'
'running to a point'  When applied to the pulse,
it signifies a progressive diminution in the strength
of the arterial  pulsations,  which, at last, cease.
If the pulsations return and gradually acquire all
their  strength,  it is  called Pulaua decurta'tue re-
cip'rocua.—Galon.
  DECUSSATIO, Decussation — d. Pyramidum,
see Corpora pyramidalia.
  DECUSSATION, Dccuasa'tio, Chias'moe,  In-
crucia'tio, Intersec'tio, Intricatu'ra, from decussis,
that is, decern asses ; also, the figure of the letter
X.   Union in the shape of an X or cross.  Ana-
tomists use  this term chiefly in the case of the
nerves — as the decussation of the optic  nerves,
which cross each other within the cranium.
  Decussation of the Pyramids, see Corpora
pyramidalia.
  DECUSSO'RIUM, from decutio, decussum,  (de,
and  quatio,) 'I shake down,'  (F.)  Decussoire.
An instrument used by  the ancients, for depress-
ing the dura mater, and facilitating the exit of
substances effused  on  or under that membrane.
It  is described  by Scultetus, Parci, Ac.   See
Meningophylax.
  DEDAIGNEUX, Rectus superior oculi.
  DEDE, Death.
  DEDENTITION, see Dentition.
  DEDOLATION, Dedola'tio, from dedolare,(de,
and  dolare, dolatum,) 'to cut and hew with an
axe.'  This word has been used by surgeons to
express the action by which a cutting instrument
divides obliquely any part of the body, and pro-
duces a wound with loss of substance.  It is com-
monly on  the  head,  that  wounds  by dedolation
are observed.   When there was a complete sepa-
ration of  a portion  of  the bone of the cranium,
the ancients called it Aposceparnis'mus.
   DEERBALLS, Elaphomyces granulatus.
   DEERBERRY, Gaultheria, Vaccinium stanii-
neum.
   DEERFOOD, Brasenia hydropeltis.
   DEERS' TEARS, Bezoai- of the Deer.
   DEFAILLANCE, Syncope.
   DEFECATION, Defaca'tio, from de, and fax,
 PI. faces, 'excrement'   The  act  by which  the
 excrement is extruded  from the body.  Caca'tio,
 Excre'tio alvi sen alvlna seu facnm ahina'rum,
 Dejec'tio  alvi,  Seces'aio,  Expul'aio seu  Ejec'tio
 facum, Apago'ge, Hypochore'8ie, Ecchore'sia, Ec-
 copro'aia, Eges'tio.   The faeces generally accumu-
 late  in the colon, being prevented by the annulus
 at  the top of the rectum from descending freely
 into  thnt intestine.  In  producing evacuations,
 therefore, in obstinate constipation, it is well, by
 means of a long tube, to throw the injection into
 the colon.
   In Pharmacy, defecation means tbe separation
 of any substance from  a liquid in which it may
 be suspended.   See Clarification.
   DEFECTIO ANIMI, Syncope.
   DEFECTUS LOQUELjE,  Aphonia—d.  Ve-
 neris, Anaphrodisia.
    DEFENSI'VUM, from defendere,  defenaum,
 'to defend,' (F.) DSfenaif.  A preservative or de-
 fence.  The old surgeons gave this name to dif- 
DEFERENS               281               DELAPSIO
 ferent, local applications, made to diseased parts,
 for the purpose of guarding them from the im-
 pression of extraneous bodies,  and particularly
 from the contact of air.
   DEF'ERENS, from defero, (de, and ferre,) 'I
 bear away,' ' I transport'
   Deferens, Vas, Ductus seu Cana'lis deferens,
 Ubra tor  (¥.)  Conduit spermatique, Canal seu
 Conduit defSrent, is the  excretory canal of the
 sperm, which  arises  from the epididymis, de-
 scribes numerous convolutions, and with the ves-
 sels and nerves of the testicle concurs in the for-
 mation of  the spermatic chord,  enters the abdo-
 minal ring, and terminates  in  the  ejaculatory
 duct.
   DEFIBRINATED, Defibrinized.
   DEFIBRINATION, see Defibrinized.
 ,  DEFIB'RINIZED,  (F.) DefibrinS,  Defib'ri-
 nated.  From de, and fibrin.   Deprived of fibrin.
 A term applied  to  blood  from which the fibrin
 has been removed, as by whipping.   The act of
 removing  fibrin  from the blood has been termed
 defibrination.
   DEFIGURATIO, Deformation.
   DEFLAGRATION, Defiagra'tio, from defia-
 grare, (de, and fiagrare, fiagratum, ' to  burn,')
 'to set on fire.'   In pharmacy, the rapid combus-
 tion  of a substance with  flame; great elevation
 of temperature; violent motion, and  more or less
 noise.  Thus, we speak of the deflagration  of
 nitrate, and of  chlorate,  of potassa,  of  gun-
 powder, Ac.
   DEFLECTENS, Derivative.
   DEFLECTIO, Derivation.
   DEFLORATION, Stuprum.
   Deflora'tion,  Depucila'tion, Depudica'tion,
 Devirg ina'tion, Defiora'tio, Devirgina'tio, Vir'-
 ginis vitia'tio,  Virgin'itas defiora'ta, from defio-
 reseere, (de, and florescere,)  ' to shed flowers.'
 The act of depriving a female  of her virginity.
 Inspection of the parts is the chief criterion of de-
 floration having been forcibly accomplished; yet
 inquiry must  be made, whether the injury may
 not have been caused by another body than the
 male organ.  Recent defloration is infinitely more
 easy of detection  than where some time has
 elapsed.
   DEFLUVIUM,.  Aporrhoea —d.   Capillorum,
 Alopecia—d. Pilorum, Alopecia.
   DEFLUXIO, Catarrh, Defluxion, Diarrhoea—
 i. Catarrhalis. Influenza.
   DEFLUX'ION,  Deflux'io,   (de,   and fluere,
 fluxum, ' to flow.')  Deflux'us, Catar'rhysis, Hy-
 por'rhyaie,  Catar'rhus.   A falling down of hu-
 mours from a superior to an inferior part.   It is
 sometimes used synonymously with inflammation.
   DEFLUXUS DYSENTERICUS, Dysentery.
   DEFORMATION, Deformatio, Cacomor'phia,
 Cacomorpho'eie, Dyamor'phe, Dyamor'phia, Dya-
 morpho'aia, Deform'itaa, Inform'itaa, Defigura'tio,
 Diafigura''tion,  Deform'ity, (F.) DifformitS, from
 de, andforma.  Morbid alteration in the form
 of some part of the body, as of the head, pelvis,
 spine, Ac.   A deformity may be natural or acci-
 dental.
  DE'FRUTUM, for Defervitum, (de, and ferveo,
 'I  boil.')   (F.)  Vin cuit.  Grape must,  boiled
 down to one half and used as a sweetmeat.—Plin.
 Columell. Isidor.  See Rob.
  DEFURFURATIO, see Desquamation.
  DEFUSIO, Decantation.
  DEGENERATIO, Degeneration — d. A^iposa
 Cordis, Steatosis cordis.
  DEGENERATION, Degeneratio, Notheu'aie,
Notki'a, from  degener, 'unlike one's  ancestors,'
(de, and genus, generis, 'family,') Degen'eraey, |
 !F.)  DegSnSrution, Abatardissement.   A  change ■
 or the worse—degradation—in the intimate com-
D06ition of  the solids  or fluids of the body.  In I
 pathological anatomy,  degeneration means  tho
 change which occurs in the structure of an organ,
 when transformed into a matter essentially mor-
 bid ; as a cancerous, or tubercular, degeneration.
   DSgenSrescence is, by the French pathologists,
 employed synonymously with Degeneration.
   DEGENERESCENCE,   Degeneration — d.
 Graisseuse du Foie, Adiposis hepatica — d. Gru-
 nulSe du Rein, Kidney, Bright's disease of the—
 d. Noire, Melanosis.
   DEGLUTINATIO, DScollementr
   DEGLUTITIQ, Deglutition—d. Difficilis, Dys-
 phagia—d. Impedita, Dysphagia—d. Laesa, Dys-
 phagia*
   DEGLUTIT"I0N,i)e<7^r»t"j-o, Catap'osis, from
 de, and glutire, glutitum, 'to swallow.'  The  act
 by which substances are passed from the mouth
 into the stomach, through the pharynx and oeso-
 phagus.  It  is one of a complicated character,
 and requires the aid of a considerable lumber of
 muscles;  the first step being voluntary, the  re-
 mainder executed under spinal and involuntary
 nervous influence.
   DEGMUS, Dexis, Moratta, (¥.) Morsure, — a
 bite in  general, Anypos, from iaxvoi, ' I bite.'   A
 gnawing sensation about the upper orifice of the
 stomach,  which was once attributed to  acrimonj
 of the liquids contained in that viscus.
   DEGORGEMENT, Disgorgement.
   D EG OUT, Disgust.
   DEGRADATION, Degeneration.
   DEGREE'. frov^dearS. originally from gradne,
 ' a step.'  A  title conferred by a college,—as the
 ' degree of Doctor of Medicine.'  Galen used this
 expression to indicate the  qualities  of  certain
 drugs.  Both he and  his school admitted cold,
 warm,  moist, and dry  medicines, and four dif-
 ferent ' degrees' of each of those qualities.  Thus,
 Apium was warm in the first degree, Agrimony
 in the second, Roche Alum in the third, and Gar-
 lic in the fourth.  Bedegar was cold in the first,
 the flower of the Pomegranate in the second, tho
 Sempervivum in the third, Opium in the fourth,
 Ac.  The French use the term degrS to indicate,
 1. The intensity of an affection : as a burn of the
 first, second, third degree, Ac.  2. The particular
 stage of an incurable disease, as the third degree
 of phthisis, cancer of the stomach, Ac.
  DEGUSTATION, Degusta'tio, from  de, and
 gustare, gustatum, ' to  taste.'  Gustation.  Tho
 appreciation  of sapid qualities by the gustatory
 organs.
  DEHIS'CENCE,  Dehiscen'tia, from  dehiscere
 (de, and hiscere 'to gape'), 'to break open  in
 chinks.'   Separation of a shut organ  along tho
 line of union.  A regular and determinate sepa-
 ration, which takes place in a shut organ.
  DEICTICOS, Index.
  DEID,  Death.
  DEIL'S SNUFFBOX, Lycoperddn.
  DEIRONCUS, Bronchocele.
  DEJECTEDNESS,  Depression.
  DEJECTIO  ALVI,  Defecation — d.  Alvina,
 Excrement.
  DEJECTION, from  dejicere,  dejectum (de,
 and jacere,) 'to cast down.'  Dejec'tio, Subdue'tio,
 Hypago'ge, Hypochore'sis, Hypechore'sis, Apop'-
 atus, Hypop'atus, Hypoph'ora. The expulsion  of
 the faeces;—Ejec'tio, Eges'tio.  Also, a faecal dis-
charge or stool,—generally, however, with alvine
prefixed,—as  an alvine Dejection, Alvita vir'idie,
Dejectio alvlna.   Also depression of spirits.
  DEJECTIONES NIGR^!, Melaena.
  DE.TECTORIUM,*Cathartic.
  DELACRYMATIO, Epiphora.
  DELACRYMATIVUS, Apodacryticus.
  DELAPSIC, Prolapsus. 
DELAPSUS
282
DELPHINIUM
  UPLAPSUS,  Prolapsus —d. Palpebrae,  Ble-
pharoptosis.
  DELATIO, Indication.
  DEL A YANTS, Diluentia.
  DELCROIX'S DEPILATORY,  see Depila-
tory, Colley's.
  DELETE'RIOUS,  Delete'riua,  Pernicio'aua,
(¥.) DSlStlre, Pemicietix, from inXtu, T injure.'
That which produces  destructive disorder in the
fcxercise and harmony of the functions.
  DELETERIUM, Poison.
  DELIERET, Delirious.
  DELIGATIO, Deligation, Ligature,  see Ban-
lage.                               t>
  DELIGATION,  Deliga'tio, Epidti'*!*, Deli-
gatu'ra, Vulnerum deliga'tio seu vinctu'ra, Fas-
cia'rum Applica'tio,Plaga'rum Vinctu'ra, Fascia'-
tio, from deligare, deligatmn, (de, and  ligo/) 'to
bind.'  The deligation of  wounds  formerly em-
braced the application  of apparatus,  dressings,
Ac, — the  denomination  Deliga'tor Plaga'rum
being  synonymous  with 3Iedicua  Vulnera'riua,
and in derivation, with the Wundarzt, 'wound
physician' or surgeon, of the Germans.  Deliga-
tion is hardly ever used now as an English word.
In France, it is  applied to the regular  and me-
thodical  application of bandages,  and to  the
ligature of  arteries.
  DELIGATURA,  Deligation.
  DELIQUES'CENT, Deliques'cens, from  deli-
quescere, (de and liquescere,) 'to melt,' 'to dis-
solve.' Any salt which becomes liquid by attract-
ing moisture from  the air— The  deliquescent
salts require to  be  kept in Wttles, well stopped.
Chloride of lime, acetate of potassa, and carbonate
of potassa, are examples of  such salts.   The an-
cient chemists expressed the  condition of a body,
which had  become liquid in this manner, by the
word  Deliqtiium.
  DELIQUIUM ANIMI, Syncope.
  DELIRAMENTUM, Delirium.
  DELIRANS, Delirious.
  D EUR ANT, Delirious.
  DELIRATIO, Delirium —d. Senum, see De-
mentia.
  DELIRE, Delirium — d.  Crapuleux,  Delirium
tremens—d. des  Ivrognes,  Delirium tremens—d.
Nervenx, Delirium nervosum.
  DELIRE DES PERSECUTIONS.  Mania,
in which the morbid hallucination is,  that the
individual is persecuted.
  DELIRE TRAUMATIQUE, Delirium nervo-
sum—d.  Tremblaiit, Delirium tremens.
  DELIRIA, Insanity.
  DELIRIE, Delirious.
  DELIR'IOUS.  Same etymon  as Delirium.
Deli'rans,  Deli'rus,  Excerebra'tue, Alloch'oos,
Alie'nus,  Parale'rue,  Raving,  (Sc.)  Delieret,
Delirie, (¥.) DSlirant.   One who is in a state of
delirium.   That which is  attended  by delirium.
The French use the term Filvre pemicieuse dSli-
rante  for a febrile intermittent, in which delirium
is the predominant symptom.
  DELIR'IUM, from de, 'from,'  and  lira,  'a
ridge  between two  furrows'  [?]: more  probably
from de, and Xnpnpu, 'a silly saying or action.'
Parac'ope,  Phrenltia, Phledmila, Desipien'tia,
Aphros'yne, Paralere'ma,   Paralere'sia, Para-
log" ia, Plutnta'aia, Paraphroa'yne, Emo'tio,Leroa,
Paranoe'a, Alloph'asia, Delira'tio, Delirament'um,
(Sc)  Ravery,  Roving,  (¥.) DSlire, Egarement
d'esprit, Ac, Transport, IdSoaynchysie.  Stray-
ing from the rules of reason; wandering of the
mind.  Hippocrates used the word pavta, mania,
for delirium sine febre, and  the  Greek words
given above for delirium cum febre.  In different
authors, also, we find the words, Paraph!ora, Pa-
•aph'rotee,Paraphrene'eis, Paraphren'ia, Phrene'-
sis, Phrenetlaaia, Ac, for different  kinds of de-
lirium.  Delirium is usually symptomatic.
  Delirium  Ebriositatis,  Drunken  madness;
also D. tremens — d. Epileptic, see Epilepsy—d.
Furiosum, Mania—d. Maniacum, Mania.
  Delirium Nervosum, (F.) DSlire nervenx ou
traumatiqtie.   A form  of delirium which super-
venes  after surgical operations, or  severe  in-
juries.
  Delirium Potatorum, D. tremens—d. Tremi-
faciens, D. tremens—d.  Senile, see Dementia.
  Delirium Tremens,  D. potato'rum seu ebri-
osita'tis seu tremifa'eiena seu vig"iluna, Ma'nia
d potu seu e temulentid, CEnoma'nia, Erethie'mite
ebrio8o'rum, Dipaoma'nia, Meningltiesen Phrenl-
tie  potato'riim,  Tromoma'nia,   Trmnoparanve'a,
Potoparana'a, Pototromoparance'a, (¥.) Eucepha-
lopathie crapuleuae, DSlire tremblaiit ou crapuleux
ou dea Ivrognea, Folie dee Lvrognea ou AlcoAique.
A state of delirium and agitation, peculiar to
those addicted to  spirituous liquors,  with great
sleeplessness.  It  is preceded  by indisposition,
lassitude, watchfulness, headach, and anorexia;
the  delirium  and tremors,  Tremor potato'rum,
most  commonly recurring in paroxysms.  It ia
caused by the habitual  and  intemperate use of
ardent spirits or of opium or tobacco; or rather
by abandoning them after prolonged use.   The
treatment is various.  Many have regarded sti-
mulants, with large doses  of opium to induce
rest, to be indispensable.  It is certain, however,
that the expectant system will often, if not gene-
rally, be successful; and, it is probable, a cure
effected in this manner will be  more permanent
than when produced by excitants.
  DELIRUS, Delirious.
  DELITESCENCE,  see Repercussion.
  DELITESCENTIA, see Repercussion.
  DELIVER, (Prov.) lay,  same etymon as the
next^ 'To put to bed.'  To  disburden of a child.
  DELIVRANCE (¥.), (de, and livrer, 'to  set
free.')  An expression, which, in common  lan-
guage, signifies the action of delivering, libera'tio,
but in the practice of  obstetrics, means  the ex-
trusion of the secundines, either spontaneously
or by the efforts of art.   This completion of de-
livery— partus secunda'rius, secundina'rum ex-
pulsio seu extrae'tio, is produced  by the same
laws as the expulsion of the foetus.   Sometimes,
the after-birth follows the child immediately; at
others, it is retained; and requires manual inter-
ference to remove it.   The following are  the
chief cases in which  this becomes necessary.  1.
Intimate  adhesion  between the placenta  and
paries of the uterus.  2. Spasmodic contraction
of the orifice of the uterus.   3. Hour-glass con-
traction.  4.  Torpor or  hemorrhage after the ex-
pulsion of the child, and, — 5.  Insertion of the
placenta at the orifice of the uterus.
  DELIVERY,   Parturition — d. False, False
water.
  DELIVRE, Secundines.
  DELOCATIO, Luxatio.
  DELPHINE, see Delphinium  staphisagria.
  DELPHININE, see Delphinium  staphisagria.
  DELPHIN'IUM,  from  itXiPis, or itXipiv, 'a
dolphin,' which  the  flowers  resemble.  D. con-
solida seu Seg"etnm seu Versic'olor, Calcitra'pa,
Coneol'ida  Rega'lia,  Branching Larkapur, Stag-
gerweed.  Ord. Ranunculaceae.  Sex. Syat., Poly-
andria Trigynia.  (F.) Pied d'alouette dee champs.
It has  been employed  as  a vermifuge.   The
flowers have been used  in  ophthalmia, and the
seeds have the same property as  those of Stavee-
acre.
  Delphinium Consolida, Delphinium —d. Se-
getum, Delphinium.
  Delphin'ium Staphisa'gria.   The systematio 
DELPHYS
283
DENGUE
name of tbe Staves'acre, Staphisagria, Phtheiroc'-
tonum, Phthelrium, Staphij, Pedicula'ria, (¥.)
Staph isaigre,  Herbe  aux  Poitx,  Danphinelte.
The  seeds, Staphis„gri„, (Ph. L. and E.) have a
disagreeable smell; a  nauseous, bitterish,  hot
ta^te ; and are cathartic, emetic, and vermifuge :
owing, however, to the violence of their opera-
tion, they are seldom given internally, and are
chiefly used in powder, mixed with hair powder,
to destroy  lice.   The  active  principle  of  this
plant has been separated, and received the name
Delphin'ia, (¥.) Delphine, Delphinine.   It is ex-
tremely acrid,  and has been recently used,  like
veratria, in tic douloureux,  paralysis and rheu-
matism.   It is used in  the form of ointment, or
in solution  in alcohol, (gr. x to xxx, or more, to
§j,) applied externally.                   •
   Delphinium Versicolor, Delphinium.
   DELPHYS, Uterus, Vulva.
   DELTA. Vulva.
   DELTIFORMIS, Deltoid.
   DELTOID, Deltoi'des, Delto'des, Ddto'ideus,
 Deltiform'ia, (¥.) Dcltoide, from the  Greek capi-
 tal letter  A, itXrn, and ttios, 'resemblance.' Soua-
 acromio-clavi-humSral of  Dumas; Sus-acromio-
 humeral  of Chaussier.   A triangular  muscle
 forming  the  fleshy part  of the shoulder,  and
 covering  the shoulder-joint  It extends from the
 outer third of the clavicle, from  the acromion
 and spine of the scapula, to near the middle and
 auter part of  the os humeri, where it is inserted
 by  means  of a  strong  tendon.  This muscle
 raises the arm directly upwards, when the shoul-
 der  is fixed, and  carries it anteriorly or poste-
 riorly, according  to the direction  of the fibres,
 which are thrown into action.  If  the  arm be
 rendered  immovable, the  deltoid acts inversely
 and depresses the shoulder.
   DEL WIDE, Deltoid.
   DELUSION, Hallucination.
   DEM  EL MUCA.  A name  given by Prosper
 Alpinus to a disease, which, he says,  is proper to
 Egypt. He considers it to be inflammation of the
 brain : but  others describe it as a pernicious in-
 termittent.
   DEMAGNETIZATION, Demagnetiaa'tio.
 The act  of removing the  condition  of magneti-
 zation.
   DEMANGEAISON, Itching.
   DEMANUP, Acbeir.
   DEMENCE, Dementia—d.  InnSe, Idiotism.
   DEMENTED, Insane.
   DEMEN'TIA, Amen'tia,  Fatu'itaa, Ance'o,
 Anoe'aia, Deiiterunoc'a, Ecnw'a, Paranoe'a, Mo'-
 ria  deinena, Nodatheni'a,  Incohe'reney,  Imbecil-
 ity,  Incohe'rent Inaanity ; from  de, 'from,' or
 'out of,'  and mens, mentis,  'mind,'  or  'reason,'
 (F.) DSmeuce, Betiae.  In  common parlance, and
 even in legal  language, this  word is synonymous
 with insanity.  Physicians, however, have applied
 it to those cases of unsound mind which are cha-
 racterized by a total loss of the faculty of thought,
 or by such an imbecility of intellect that the
 ideas  are extremely  incoherent, there  being at
 the  same time a total loss of  the power of rea-
 soning.   Mania and  melancholy are apt to end
 In this, if possible, more deplorable state. Dotage
 5s the Dementia of the aged—Mo'ria demene lere'-
 ma,  Lere'ma, Lere'sia,  Lenta,  Deliro'tio Sennm,
 Amen'tia Seni'/ia,  Puerilitaa, Delir'ium Senile,
 Anil'itna, Senile Inaan'ity, Senile Dementia, In-
 sanity of the aged, (Sc.)Doittrie,—a form of moral
 insanity,  in which  the whole moral character of
 the  individual is changed.
   Di:mi-;ntia Accidentalis, see Lunatic—d. Ad-
 ventitia, see Lunatic—d. Naturalis, Idiotism—d.
 Paralytica, Paralysis of the Insane.
  DEMI, Semi—d. Bain, Semicupium—d. Circu-
 late,  Semi-circular — d. Epineux, Semi-spinalis
 colli — d. Epineux du doa, Semi-spinalis dorsi —
 d. Gantelet, Gantelet — d. Interroaseux du pouce,
 Flexor brevis pollicis manus—d. Lunaire, Semi-
 lunar— d. Menibraneiix, Semi-membranosus — d.
 Nervenx, Seraitendinosus—d. Orbicularis, Orbicu-
 laris  oris — d. Tendineux, Semi-tendinosus — d.
 Tierce, Hemitritsea (febris).
   DEMISSIO ANIMI, Depression.
   DEMISSOR, Catheter.
   DE'MODEX FOLLICULO'RUM.^of, 'lard,'
 and in!-, 'a boring worm,') Acarus folliculorum.
   DEMONOMA'NIA,  Damonomania,  Theomil-
 nia, Ejgheoma'nia, from iat^wv, 'demon,' a spirit
 of good or evil, and pavta, ' madness.  A variety
 of madness,  in which tbe person conceives him-
 possessed  of devils, and is in continual dread of
 malignant spirits, the  pains  of hell, Ac.  Also,
 religious insanity, Sebastoma'nia.
   DEM'ONSTRATOR, from  demonstrare, (de
 and monstrare,) 'to show;' 'exhibit.'  One who
 exhibits.   The index finger.   See Digitus.
   Dkm'onstrator of Anat'omy.  One who ex-
 hibits the  parts of the  human body.  A teacher
 of practical anatomy.
   DEMOTI'VUS  LAPSUS, Rcpenti'na mors,
 from demcvere. (de and  movere,) ' to move off,'
 'remove/  and lapsus, 'a fall.'  Sudden death.
   DEMUL'CENTS,  Demulccn'tia, Involven'tia,
 Obvolnen'tia, Lubrican'tia, from  demulcere (de,
 and  mulcere,) 'to soothe,'  'to assuage.'  (F.)
 Adoucissants.  Medicines supposed to be capable
 of correcting certain acrid conditions  imagined
 to exist in the humours.   Substances of a muci-
 laginous or saccharine nature belong to this class.
 Demulcents  may  act directly on  the parts with
 which they come  in contact;  but in  other cases,
 as in catarrh, their effect is produced by con-
 tiguous  sympathy; the top of the larynx being
 soothed by them first, and indirectly the inflamed
 portion of the air-passages.  In  diseases of the
 urinary organs,  they have  no  advantage over
 simple diluents. — See Diluents anti Emollients.
 The following are demulcents;—Acaciae Gummi;
 Althaeae Folia et  Hadix;  Amygdalae;  Amylum;
 Avenae Farina;  Cera; Cetaceum ; Cydoniae Se-
 mina;  Fucus Crispus; Glycyrrhiza; Hordeum;
 Lichen ; Linum ; Olivae Oleum ;  Sassafras Medul-
 la: Sesamum: Sevutn ; Tragacantha,  and Ulmus.
   DEMUSCULA'TUS, from de, and  musculus,
 'a muscle.'  (F.)  DechamS.  Emaciated, devoid
 of flesh.
   DENA'RIUS;  a Roman coin, equal in value
 to about 10 cents, or 8 pence English.   It was
 marked with tbe letter X, to signify 10 asses.
   Also, the 7th part  of the Roman ounce.
   DENDROLIBANUS, Rosmarinus.
   DENERVATIO, Aponeurosis.
   DEN'GUE, Dinger., Dunga, Dandy, Bouquet,
 Bucket Fevefr, Erup'tive artic'ular fever, E. rheu-
 mat'ic fever, Breakbone, Neuralgic, Solar or Sum
 Fever, Rheumatia'mua febrllia, Scarlatina rheu-
 mat'ica, Exanthe'eia arthro'aia, Planta'ria, Febria
 exanthemat'ica articula'rie, (¥.)  Giraffe.   A dis-
 ease, which first appeared in  the years 1827 and
 1828, in the West Indies, and  in the southern
 states of  North  America.   It was  extremely
 violent in  its symptoms, but not often  fatal.  It
 usually commenced with great languor, chilliness,
 and pain in the tendons about the smaller joints.
 To these symptoms succeeded burning heat and
 redness of the skin, pains in the muscles  of the
 limbs or in the forehead, with vomiting or nausea.
 The fever  continued  for one, two or three days,
 and usually terminated by copious perspiration.
 In different places,  it put on different appear-
! ances; but seems in all to have been a singular
 variety of rheumatic fever.  The usual antiphlo-
t gistic treatment was  adopted, and successfully. 
DENIACH              2 84               DENTIER
  DENIACH, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  De-
niach is a village in Swabia, at the  entrance of
the Black Forest.   The waters contain carbonic
acid, carbonate of  iron, carbonate of lime, sul-
phate of magnesia,  and carbonate of soda.
  DENIGRATIO,  from denigrare,  (de, and ni-
ger, ' black,') ' to become black.'  The act of be-
coming black, as in cases of sphacelus, sugilla-
tion, Ac.
  DENS, Tooth — d. Leonis, Leontodon taraxa-
cum.
  Dens Pro'lifer.  A term  used by Bartholin
for a  supernumerary tooth,  which  appears  to
grow upon a primitive or parent tooth.   .
  DENT, Tooth—d. de Lion, Leontodon taraxa-
cum—d. de  Sagesse, see Dentition.
  DENTAGOGUM, Dentagra.
  DENTAGRA, Den'ticepa, Dentar'paga, D'enti-
du'cum, Dentic'ulum, Dentago'gum, Denta'lia for-
fex, Forfex  denta'ria,  Odonthar'paga, Odon'ta-
gra, Odontago'gon,  from dene, dentia,  'a tooth,'
and  aypa, ' a seizure.'  (F.)  Davier.   A tooth-
forceps.
  DENT AIRE, Dental.
  DENTAL, Denta'lia, Denta'riua, Denticula'tua,
(¥.) Dentaire, from dene, dentia, 'a tooth.'   That
which concerns the  teeth.   See Dentiformis.
  Dental Arches, (F.) Arcades  "dentairest are
the arches formed by the range of alveoli in each
jaw.
  Dental Ar'teries are those arteries which
nourish the teeth.   They proceed  from several
sources.   The teeth of the  upper  jaw, e. g., re-
ceive their  arteries from the infraorbitar and
superior alveolar, — themselves branches of the
internal maxillary.   The teeth of  the  lower jaw
receive  their branches  from the inferior dental
or inferior maxillary, which is given  off by the
internal maxillary,  and runs through the dental
canal, issuing at  the mental foramen, after hav-
ing  given  numerous ramifications to the  teeth
and jaw.
  Dental Canals,  (F.) Conduits dentaires, Max'-
illary canals. The  bony  canals, through which
the vessels and nerves pass to the interior of the
teeth.
  Dental Car'tilage, Cartila'go denta'lia.  The
cartilaginous elevation, divided by  slight fissures,
on  the biting margins of the gums in infants,
prior to dentition.   It is a substitute for the teeth.
  Dental Cav'ity, (F.) CavitS dentaire.   A ca-
vity in the interior  of the teeth in which is situate
the dental pulp.
  Dental Excava'tor.   An instrument for the
removal of the decayed part of a tooth, prepara-
tory to the operation of filling.
  Dental Fol'licle,  Follic'ulue  seu Cap'anla
dentia, (¥.) Follicule dentaire.  A membranous
follicle, formed of a double lamina, in which the
teeth are contained before they issue from the
alveoli, and which,  consequently, aids in the for-
mation of the alveolo-dental periosteum, and of
the membrane that  envelops the pulp of the teeth.
The dental follicles  are lodged in the substance
of the jaws.
   Dental  Gangrkne, Cariea Den'tium,  Odon-
talf'ia cario'sa, Odontonecro'eia, Odontosphacel -
iaia,  Odontoaphacelia'mua,  Necro'aie  Den'tium.,
(¥.) Carle des Dents.  Gangrene or caries of the
teeth.   See Caries.
   Dental Nerves, (F.) Nerfa dentairet. Nerves
which pass  to the teeth.   Those of the upper in-
cisors and canine are furnished by  the infra-or-
bitar nerve, a branch of  the superior maxillary,
and those  of the  molars by  the  trunk of the
same nerve. The teeth of the lower jaw receive
the nerves from the inferior maxillary, which, as
well as the  superior maxillary, arises from the
6th pair.
   Dental  Pulp, Pulpa seu Nu'cleut seu  Sub-
 atan'tia pulpo'aa dentia,  Germen  denta'li,  (¥.)
 Pulpe  dentaire.  A  pultaceous substance,  of a
 reddish-gray colour, very soft and sensible, which
 fills the cavity of the teeth.  It is well supplied
 with capillary vessels.
   Dental  Surgeon, Dentist.
   Dental Veins have a similar distribution with
 the arteries.
   DENTALIS, Odontoid—d. Forfex, Dentagra.
   DENTA'LIUM, from dene,  dentis, 'a  tooth,*
 the dog-like tooth shell.   A genus of shells in the
 shape  of a tooth.  They formerly entered  into
 several pharmaceutical  preparations, but  were
 useless ingredients;  consisting — like shells  in
 general—of carbonate of lilne and gelatin.
   *ENTARIA, Anthemis Pyrethrum, Plumbago
 Europaea.
   DENTARIUS, Dentist
   DENTARPAGA, Dentagra.
   DENTATA VERTEBRA, Axis.
   DENTATE, Denta'ted, Deuta'tus, (¥.) DenteU.
 Cut in the  shape of teeth.
   DENTATURE, Digitation.
   DENTATUS, Dentate.
   DENTELAIRE, Plumbago  Europaea.
   DENTELARIA, Plumbago Europaea.
   DENTELE, Dentate—d.AntSrieur petit, Pecto-
 ralis minor—d. Grand, Serratus magnus—d. Pgs-
 tSrieur et infSriettr, petit, Serratus posticus  infe-
 rior— d. SupSrieur, petit,  Serratus  posticus su-
 perior.
   DENTELURE, Digitation.
   DENTES,  Teeth, see Tooth —d.  Angulares,
 Canine teeth — d. Bicuspidati, Molar teeth — d.
 Buccales, Molar teeth—d. Canini, Canine teeth—
 d. Qlavales, Molar teeth—d. Columellares,  Canine
 teeth — d.  Ctenes, Incisive teeth — d. Cuspidati,
 Canine teeth — d. Dichasteres, Incisive teeth —
 d. Gclasini, Incisive teeth — d. Gomphii, Molar
 teeth—d. Incisores, Incisive teeth—d. Lactei, see
 Dentition — d. Laniarii,  Canine teeth — d.  Maxil-
 lares, Molar teeth — d. Molares, Molar teeth — d.
 Mordentes,  Canine  teeth — d.  Oculares,  Canine
 teeth —d.  Primores, Incisive teeth — d. Rasorii,
 Incisive teeth — d. Sapientiae, see  Dentition — d.
 Serotini, see Dentition—d. Sophroretici, see  Den-
 tition—d. Sophronistae,  see Dentition — d. Soph-
 ronisteres,  see Dentition—d.  Tomici, Incisive
 teeth.
   DENTICEPS, Dentagra.
   DENTICOLA  HOMINIS, see Odontolithos.
   DENTICULATUM,   (Ligamentum,) diminu-
 tive of dens, dentis, ' a tooth.'  Ligamen'tum den-
 ta'tum, Membra'na denta'ta, (¥.) Ligament denteli
 ou  denticulS.  A slender cord, situate between
 the anterior and posterior fasciculi of the spinal
 nerves, and between the tunica arachnoidea and
 pia mater.   It  is attached to the  dura  mater,
 where that membrane issues from the cranium,
 and accompanies the spinal marrow to its inferior
 extremity.   It sends off,  from its  outer  edge,
 about  twenty slender processes, in the form  of
 denticuli, each of which passes  outwards and con-
 nects itself with the dura mater in the intervals
 between the anterior and  posterior  roots of the
 nerves. /
   DENTICULATUS, Dental.
   DENTICULUM, Dentagra.
   DENTICULUS, Crena.
   DENTIDUCUM, Dentagra.
   DENTIER, (¥.) from dene, dentia, 'a tooth.'
 Denture.  A  set or row  of teeth,- mounted  on
 metal  or ivory, to  be  adjusted to  the-alveolar
 margin.  Dentiera are simple or double.   To thf
 latter, that is, to the full set, the  name Rutcliei
, is given. 
DENTIFORM              285       DENTS BICUSPIDE'ES
  DENTIFORM, Dentiform'ia, from dene, dentis,
'a tooth,' and forma, 'form.'  Resembling a tooth
In shape.
  DENTIFORMIS, Odontoid.
  DENTIFRICE,  Dentifric"ium,  Remed'ium
deiitifric"ium,  Otlontotrim'ma,  Odontosmeg'ma,
 Tooth powder,  Tooth paste, from dene,  dentia, 'a
tooth,' and fricare,' to rub ;' a  name given to dif-
ferent powders and pastes proper for  cleansing
the enamel of the teeth, and removing  the tartar
which covers them.  Powdered  bark and char-
coal, united to  any acidulous salt — as  cream of
tartar—form one of the most common dentifrices.
  E'eetuaire ou Opiate Dentifrice, of the Parisian
 Codex,  consists of coral giv, cuttleflah  bonea and
 cinnamon, aa ,~ij, cochineal 5Jss, honey 5|x, alum
 gr. iv or v.
  Poudre Dentifrice of the Codex is  composed
 of Bole  Armcniac, red coral, [prepared,] and eut-
 tlefish bones, aa  t^vj,  dragon's blood 3''j> cochi-
 neal !Jj> cream of tartar glx, cinnamon gij, cloves,
 gr. xij,  well mixed.  The one used by the author,
 is composed of charcoal aud orris root, each one
 part; prepared chalk, two parts.
   Charcoal,  finely powdered  and mixed with
 chalk, forms as good a  dentrifice as any.
   DENTIG"EROUS, Deu'tiger,  from dena, den-
 tis, aod gero, '  I carry.'  Tooth carrying, as den-
 tiijerous cyst:  one containing teeth.
   DENTILIOUN, Leontodon  taraxacum.
   DENTINAL, Dentinn'lie,   from dens,  dentia,
 'a tooth.'  Relating to the dentine of the teeth.
   DENTINE,  see  Tooth —d.  Secondary, see
 Tooth.
   DENTISCAL'PIUM,  from  dens,  dentia, 'a
 tooth,' and acdlpere,' to scrape.' Oilonto'glyphum.
 This  word has been applied to  the instrument
 used for scaling the teeth; to the tooth-pick, (¥.)
 Qure-dent;  and to the gum lancet,—the dScha.ua-
 toir of  the French.
   DENT'IST,  Dentia'ta, Odontia'ter, Denta'riue,
 Dental  Surgeon,  Surgeon-Dentiet,  (¥.) Dentiste,
 from  dene,  dentis,  'a  tooth.'   One who devotes
 himself to the  study of the diseases of  the teeth,
 and their treatment.
  DENTISTRY,  Odontotech'ny,  Odontiatri'a,
 Odontotherapla, Dental Surgery,   Same etymon.
 The art of the  dentist
  DENTITIO, Dentition—d. Difficilis,  Dysodon-
 tiasis.
  DENTIT"ION, Teething, Dentil'io,  Dentltis,
 Odontophy'ia, Odonti'asis, Odonto'sis, from den-
 tire, (dens,  dentis, 'a  tooth,') 'to breed  teeth.'
 The exit of  the teeth from the  alveoli and gumsj
 or rather the phenomena which characterize the
 different periods  of their existence.  The  germs
 of the first teeth, dentes lac'tei  or milk teeth, (¥.)
 dens de  lait, are visible in the foetus about the end
 of the second month; and they begin to be ossified
from  the  end of the third  to  that of  the sixth
month.   At birth,  the  corona  of the incisors is
formed, but that of the canine  is not completed;
and the tubercles of the molares are not yet all
united.   Gradually the fang becomes developed;
and at about six or eight months begins what is
commonly called, the first dentil'ion,  Odon'tia
dentitio'nis lactan'tium.  The two middle incisors
«f the lower jaw commonly appear first; and,
6<>me  time afterwards, those of  the upper jaw;
afterwards, the  two lateral incisors of the lower
jaw;  and then those of the upper, followed by
the four anterior molares ; the canine, or eye-teeth,
nt first,  those of the lower, and, afterwards, those
uf the  upper  jaw,  next  appear;  and, subse-
quently  and successively, th'e first 4 molares — 2
above  and 2 below, 1 on each  side.  The whole
number  of the primary, temporary, deciduous,
shedding or  milk-teeth, (dentes  tempora'rii,) (F.)
Dents de lait, is now 20.
   Tbe eruption of the milk teeth takes place, ap-
proximately, in the following order:

   Central incisors............6th to 8th month.
   Lateral incisors............7th to 10th month.
   First molar..................12th to 14th month.
   Canines......................15th to 20th month.
   Second molar..............20th to 30th month.

   The eecond dentition  or shedding of the teeth
odon'tia dentitio'nis pueri'lis,  Dedentil'ion,  be-
gins about the age of 6 or 7.  The germs or mem-
branous follicles  of these second teeth — to  the
number of 32 — as well as the rudiments of  the
teeth themselves, are visible, even  in the foetus,
with the exception of those of the small  molare.--,
which do not appear till after birth.  They  are
contained in alveoli of  the same shape as these
of the first dentition.  Their  ossification  oin-
mences at from 3 to 6 months after birth, in the
incisors and  first  molares;  at eight   or  nine
months, in the canine;  about three years, in the
molares;  3£ in  the  second great molares, and
about 10 years in the last.  As the alveolus of a
new tooth  becomes  gradually augmented,  the
septum between it and that of the  corresponding
milk tooth is absorbed, and disappears.   The root
of the milk touth is likewise absorbed; its corona
becomes loose and falls out, and all the first  teeth
are gradually replaced by the permanent teeth,
Den'tes serot'ini.   This second dentition  becomes
necessary in  consequence of the increased size
of the  jaws.  The new teeth  have neither  the
same direction nor the same shape as the old;
and they  are more  numerous, amounting till  the
age of 25, (sooner or later,) to 28.  About this
period, a small molaris  appears  at  the extremity
of each jaw, which is called Dens sapien'tia or
wisdom tooth, wit tooth, Dens aerot'inux, D.na  ao-
phroret'icua, D.  aophronis'ta,  D.  sophronis'ter,
(¥.) Arriere dent,  Dent de eageaae, making tho
whole  number of permanent teeth 32.
   The eruption of the permanent teeth is  remark-
able for its general regularity;  so that it consti-
tutes  an  important means  for  ascertaining tbe
age of the individual during the early period  of
life.
    First molars.........................7th year.
    Central incisors.....................8th year.
    Lateral incisors....................9th year.
    First bicuspids.....................10th year.
    Second bicuspids...................llti year.
    Canines...............................12th year.
    Second molars......................13th year.

   The teeth of the lower jaw precede by a few
weeks  those of .the  upper.
   During the period of dentition, that is, of the
first dentition, the infant is especially  liable  to
disease;—the irritation, produced by the pressure
of the  tooth on  the superincumbent gum, some-
times occasioning pyrexia, convulsions, diarrhoea,
Ac, which symptoms are often strikingly  relieved
by a free division  of the distended gum.   This
disordered condition is  called Teething,  Odon'tia
dentitio'ttia,  Odonti'aaia, Odontalgia dentitio'nis,
Odaxia'mtta.
  DENTITIS, Dentition.
  DENTIUM CORTEX,  Enamel of the teeth—
d. Dolor,  Odontalgia — d. Nitor, Enamel of thy
teeth — d.  Scalptura, (Lancing the gums,) see
Gum lancet—d. Vacillantia, Odontoseisis.
  DENTO,  from den*, dentie,  ' a tooth.  One
whose teeth are prominent
  DENTOIDEUS,  Odontoid.
  DENTS BICUSPWEES, Bicuspid teeth—d.
Col dea, Collum  dentium — d.  Conoidea, Canino
teeth—d. de Lait, see Dentition—d. Mdchelilree,
Molar teeth—d. Molaires,  Molar teeth—d. Multi- 
DENTURE              286               DEPRESSOR
cuapidSea, Molar teeth,  great — d. CEillilree, Ca-
nine teeth.
  DENTURE, Dentier.
  DENUDATION, Denuda'tio, Gymno'sis, from
denudare,  (de, and nudare, nudatum),  'to lay
bare.'   Condition of a part, deprived of its natu-
ral coverings, whether  by wounds,  gangrene, or
abscess.  It is particularly applied to the bones,
when deprived of  their periosteum, and to the
teeth when they lose their enamel or dental sub-
stance,  or  when the gums  recede from them, and
their sockets are destroyed.
   DEOB'STRTENT,  Dcob'atruene,  Dephrac'ti-
cnm, Deoppi'latta,  Deoppilatlvum, Ecphruc'tic,
from de, and obstrnere, (ob, and struere,) 'to ob-
struct.'  (F.) Desobstruant, Desobstructif, DSsopi-
latifi DSsopilatit.   Medicines given with  the view
of  removing any obstruction.   The  word corre-
sponds to  aperient, in its general, not in its par-
 ticular sense.  It is now almost abandoned, and,  \
when used, conveys by no means definite ideas.
   DEODORIZER. Antibromic.
   DEONTOL'OGY, Deontolog"ia; from ra itovra,
 'what  are fitting or necessary,' and Xoyos,  'a de-
 scription.'  A word introduced by Bentham to
 signify morals, or the science of duties.
   Meo'ical Deontol'ogy, Deontolog"ia med'ica,
 (¥.) Deontologie  mSdicale,  Medical ethica, Me-
 dical etiquette.   The duties and rights of medical
 practitioners.
   DEOPPILATIVUM, Deobstruent.
   DEPASCENS, Phagedenic.
   DAPAUPERATUS, Impoverished.
   DEPERDITIO, Abortion.
   DEPERISSEMENT,  Emaciation.
   DEPHRACTICUM, Deobstruent
   DEl'ILATIF, Depilatory.
   DEPILATIO,  Alopecia—d. Capitis, Calvities.
   DEPILATION, Depila'tio, Dropacis'mtts, Ma-
  de''sie, Mad'iaia, Psilo'aia, from de, andpilua, 'hair.'
  Lo.-s of hair, either spontaneously or by art.
    DEP'ILATORY, Depilato'rium, Dropax, Psi-
  lo'thron, Eetillot'icua, Epilato'rium,  (¥.) DSpila-
  toire, DSpilatif Epilatoire. Same etymon. Any
  thing which causes the loss of the hair.  Depila-
  tories  are usually caustic applications, in which
  quicklime or some other alkaline  substance, sul-
  phuret of iron, Ac, enter.
    Depilatory,  Colley's, seems  to  consist of
  quicklime and a portion of attlphuret of potassa.
    Delcroix'a depilatory, and Plenck'a depilatory,
  have a similar composition.   They all, probably,
  contain arsenic, in the form of orpiment  The
  following formula has been  given for that  of
  Colley : quicklime, 30 parts; eoap leea, 125 parts;
  sulphur, 4 parts ; nitre, 4 parts ; orpiment, 12 parts.
  Another  depilatory by F. Boudet is formed of aul-
  phuret of aodium, 3 parts; quicklime, in powder,
  10 : starch, 10 ; mix.  Rub a  little of this powder
  with water; apply it to the part, and remove tbe
  hair in  a minute or two with a  wooden knife.
  Dorvault recommends the Depilatory of Martina,
  which is a  sulphuretted sulphuret of calcium;
  made by passing aulphohydric acid into quicklime
  to saturation.   A little of this is applied to the
  part, and in eight or ten minutes it becomes solid.
  It must  then be washed off with cold or hot wa-
  ter, when the skin  will be found denuded.  An-
  other, given  by  Redwood, is a strong solution
r  of the sulphuret of barium,  made into  a paste
  with starch powder.  It is used like the one ad-
  vised by Boudet.  Those that  do not contain
  arsenic are, of course, safer.
     A pitch plaster, Pitch-cap, is sometimes  used
  as a depilatory.   It of course pulls the hair out
  by the roots.
     DE'PILIS, same  etymon.  Devoid of hair.
  Hairless.
  DISPLACEMENT  DE  LA CATARACTE,
see Cataract
  DEPLETIF, Depletory.
  DEPLETION,  Deple'tio, from depleo, deple-
tum, ' I unload.'  The act of emptying or unload-
ing, for  example, the  vessels,  by blood-letting
and the different evacuants.  Also,  inordinate
evacuation.
  DEPLETORY, Deple';:ng,(¥.) D.'plSiif. Hav-
ing relation to depletion — as 'a depletory or de-
pleting agent.'
  DEPLUMATIO,  Ptilo'sis, from dephtmie (de
and pluma), 'without feathers.'  A disease of the
eyelids, in which they are swollen, and the eye-
lashes fall out.  See Madarosis.
   DEPOS'IT, Depos'itiun, from depono, (de and
pono, positum, 'to lay or put,') 'to lay or  put
down.'  (F.)  DSpSt.  Any  thing laid or thrown
down.  In physiology and  pathology,  a struc-
tureless  substance, separated from  the blood or
other fluid, as the typhous, tuberculous, purulent,
melanic, and  diphtheritic deposits.
   Deposit, Feculence.
   DEPOS'ITIVE,  Depositlvus,  same  etymon.
An epithet used by Mr. Erasmus AVilson to express
that condition of the membrane  in which plastic
lymph is exuded into the tissue of the derma, so
as to give rise to the  production  of small hard
elevations of the skin, or pimples.  Under "de-
 positive inflammation of the derma," he comprises
strophulus, lichen, and prurigo.
   DEPOT,  Abscess,  Sediment—d.  Laiteuse sur
 la Cuisse, Phlegmatia dolens — d. de I'Urine, Se-
 diment of the urine.
   DEPRAVATION, Deprava'tio, from de  and
 pravua, 'bad.'  Perversion, corruption — as de-
 pravation of  the taste, Ac.
    DEPREHENSIO, Diagnosis, Epilepsy.  .
    DEPRESSION,  Deprea'aio, Impres'sio,  from
 deprimere, depresaum (de and premere), ' to de-
 press :'  Esphla'aia.   In  Anatomy,  it means  an
 excavation,  hollow, or fossa.   In Surgery, it ia
: applied to a fracture of the  cranium,  in which
j the portions of fractured  bone are forced inwards;
 (F.)  Subgrondation,  Entablement; called also,
 Catapleeia,  Campaia Depres'sio, Thloaia Deprea'-
 aio.   Depreaaion, (¥.) Abaiasement, means Couch-
 ing.—See Cataract.
    Depression also means dejection or dejectednest
 —Ademon'ia, Ademo'syne, Demia'eio animi.
    Depression,  Nkhvous,  Shock, nervous — d.
 Vital, Shock, nervous.
   J)EPRESSOIRE, Meningophylax.
    DEPRESS'OR, (F.) Abaieeeur.  Same etymon.
 Several  muscles  have been so termed, because
 they depress the  parts on which they act
    Depressor  Al^e Nasi, D. la'bii  auperio'rii
 alaque nasi seu  Labii 8it]ierio'ria pro'pritta, In-
 cialvua me'diua, Myrtifor'mia, Constricto'res alu'-
 rum nasi ac depresso'res la'bii euperio'ris, Maxillo-
 alvSoli-nasal — part  of  the labialis, (Cb.,) (F.)
 Abaisseitr de I'aile  du  nez.  It  arises from the
 superior maxillary bone immediately above the
 junction  of  the gums with the two incisor  and
 canine teeth; and passes upwards  to be inserted
 into the upper lip and root of the ala nasi, which
 it pulls downwards.
    Depressor An'guli  Oris, Triangula'ris, De-
 pressor  labia'rum  commit'nie, D. labiorvm,  (¥.)
 Sousmaxillo-labial, Maxillo-labial (Ch.), Abaie-
 aeur de Vangle dea llvrea ou Muscle  Triangulaire.
 A muscle, situate at the lower part of the face.
 Its  form is  triangular.  It arises from  the outer
 oblique line on the lower jawbone, and terminates
 in a point  at the  commissure of the lips, which
 it pulls downwards.
    Depressor La'bii Inferio'ris ; Quadra'Uie,
  Q. Mcnti, Depressor labii inferio'ria pro'priua— 
DEPRESSORIUM
287
DERMATIATRIA
(F.) Mentonnier-hibial, Mento-labial (Ch.), CarrS
du Menton, Houppe  du Menton, Abaisseur de  la i
Uvre infSrieiire.  A small, thin, and quadrilateral
muscle, which arises from the external oblique
line of the lower jaw, and ascends to the lower
lip, where it  becomes  confounded with the orbi-
cularis oris.  It pulls  the lower  lip  downwards
and outwards.
  Depressor Labii Superioris  Proprius,  D.
Alae nasi — d.  Labiorum communis, D. Anguli
oris — d. Oculi, Rectus inferior oculi.
  Depressor Pal'plbr.e Infehio'ris. A fleshy
bundle,  which forms  part  of the  palpebralis
muscle.  Heister describes it separately, but it is
not admitted now.
  DEPRESSORIUM, Meningophylax.
  DEPRIMENS AURICULA, Retrahens auris
 — d. Maxillae  biventer,  Digastricus — d. Oculi,
 Rectus inferior oculi.
   DEPRIMENTIA. Sedatives.
   DEPUCILATION, Defloration.
   DEPUDICATION, Defloration.
   DEPURANTIA, from depurare (de and pn-
 rus), 'to purify.'   (F.)  DSpnrana,  DSpuratifa.
 Medicines  were formerly so called,  which  were
 supposed to  possess the  property of removing,
 from the mass of blood  or humours, those prin-
 ciples which disturbed their  purity; and of  di-
 recting them towards some one of  tbe natural
 emunctories.  The  juices of what  were called
 anti-scorbutic herbs, sulphur, and  many other
 medicines, were ranked under this class.
   DEPURATIFS,  Depurantia.
   DEPURATION, Depura'tio.   Same etymon.
 Calharia' 11108, Munda'tio.   In Pathology, depura-
 tion has been used  for the process by which na-
 ture purifies the animal  economy, either by  the
 agency of some eruptive disease,  or some sponta-
 neous evacuation, or by the assistance of medi-
 cine.  See Clarification, and Depuratory.
   DEPURATIVE, Depuratory.
   DEP'URATORY. Same etymon.  Depurato'-
 riua, Depurative, (¥.) DSpuratoire.  That which
 causes depuration, as  the urinary and eutaneoya
 depurations.  Applied, also, to  diseases which
 have been considered capable of modifying  the
 constitution  advantageously, by  acting  on  the
 composition  of the fluids — such as certain erup-
 tions, intermittents, Ac   The word  is, also,  ap-
 propriated to medicines  and diet, by which  the
 same effect is sought to be induced.
   DERADELPH'US,^F.) DSradelphe, from itpn,
 'the neck,' and  aitXipos,  'a  brother.'   A double
 monocephalous monster, whose  two trunks  are
 united above the umbilicus, and separated below.
 —G. St. Hilaire.
   DER'ADEN, from itpn,  'the neck,' and  ainv,
 'a gland.'   A gland in the neck.
   DERADENITIS, from  itpn,  'neck,' ainv, 'a
 gland,'  and  ilia, denoting  inflammation.    In-
 flammation of the glands of the neck.
   DERADENON'CUS,  from itpn,   'the neck,'
 ainv, 'a gland,' and oyKos,  'a swelling.'  Tume-
 faction of the glands of the neck.
   DERANENCEPHA'LIA,   Thlipeencepha'lia,
 from itpn, 'neck,' and anencephalia, 'absence of
 brain.'  A monstrosity in which only a  small
 portion  of the brain exists, resting on the cervi-
 cal vertebrae—more properly derencepha'lia.—G.
 St Hilaire.  According  to  Is. G. St.  Hilaire, a
 monstrosity characterized  by the total absence
 of encephalon, and of the  medulla spinalis into
 the cervical region.
   DERANGED, Insane.
   DERANGEMENT, Insanity.
   DERA TE (¥.), Lie'ne priva'tue, from de  and
 rate,  'spleen.'   Deprived of spleen;'as by an
 operation.
  DERCH, Nanus.
  DERBIA, Impetigo.
  DEREXCEPUALIA, Deranencephalm.
  DERENCEPli'ALUS, from A-pi?, 'the neck,
and KtipaXn,  'head.'  A  monster whose brain is
in the neck.—G. St. Hilaire.
  DERIS, Cutis.
  DERIVANS, Derivative.
  DERIVATIF, Derivative.
  DERIVATION, Deriva'tio,  Deflec'tiO, Paro-
cheteu'aia, Antilep'aia,  Autia'paaia,  Revulsion,
Cura  derivati'ra  seu  revuleo'ria,  from derivare,
derivatum,  (de, and rivus,  'a  river,') 'to  turn
water from its regular course.'  When a'centre
of fluxion' is established in a part, for the pur-
pose of abstracting the excited vital  manifesta-
tions from some other, a derivation is operated.
  The term Derivation has likewise been ap-
plied  to the  suction  power of  the  heart — a
presumed agency in the circulation of the blood.
  DERIVATIVE, Revel lent, Revulaive, Deflec'-
tens, Derlvaii8, Derivato'rius, Antispas'ticus, Re-
vulai'vtta, Revulao'riua,  (F.) DSrivatif RSvulsif.
Same etymon.  A  remedy, which by producing
a modified action  in some organ or texture derives
from  the morbid condition  of some other organ
or texture.  Rsvellents are amongst the most im-
portant remedies:  they include, indeed, every
physical and  moral agent  which is capable of
modifying the function of innervation, and there-
fore almost every article of the materia medica.
The following is a list of the chief local Deriva-
tives :
  1. Epispastics. — Acidum Aceticum. Acidum
Nitricum, Acidum Sulphuricum, Allium,  Ammo-
nia, Ammoniacum, Asafcetida, Cantharis,  Capsi-
cum,  Galbanum,  Olea  Essentialia,  Pix Abietis,
Sinapis, Caloric, Frictjon.
  2. Vesicants.—Ammonia, Argenti Nitras, Can-
tharis,  Cantharis  Vittata,  Hydrargyri lodidum
rubrum, Ranunculus, Sinapis, Caloric.
  3. Suppurants. — Acida Mineralia, Antimonii
et  Potassa? Tartras,  Cantharis, Mezereum, Pix
Abietis, Sabina, Tiglii  Oleum,  Fonticulus,  Seta-
ceum.
  4. — Escharotics. — A.  En lents. — Acidum
Aceticum, Acida Mineralia, Alumen Exsiccatum,
Argenti Nitras, Cupri Sub-Acetas, Cupri Sulphas,
Sabina, Saccharum Purissimum.
  B.  Actual  Cauteranta. — Caloric, White  Hot
Iron, Moxa.
   C.  Potential Cauteranta.—Acidum Arseniosum,
Acidum Nitricum, Acidum  Sulphuricum,  Anti-
monii  Murias,  Argenti Nitras, ■ Calx, Potassa,
Potassa cum Calce, Zinci Chloridum.
   DERIVATORIUS, Derivative.
   DERMA, Cutis.
   DERMAD, see Dermal Aspect.
   DERMAL, Dermic, Derma'lie,  Der'micue, from
itppa, 'the  skin.'   Relating or belonging to the
skin.
   Dermal Aspect.  An aspect towards the skiu
or  external surface.—Barclay.  Dermad is  used  i
adverbially by the same writer  to  signify ' to-
 wards the dermal aspect.'
   DERMAL'GIA, properly Dermatal'gia,  Der-
matodyn'ia, from itpyta, 'the  skin,'  and aXyos,
 'pain.'  Pain in  the  skin.  Neuralgia  of tho
 skin.   Rheumatic Dermalgia. or  Rheumatism of
 the akin is a form of neuralgia, which is referred,
 at  times, to the nervous trunks, muscles, Ac, but
 appears to be seated in the cutaneous nerves.
   DERMATAGRA, Pellagra.
   DERMATALGIA, Dermalgia.
   DERMATANEU'RIA,  Adermoner'via,  from
 itppa, itpparos, 'skin,' a, priv., and vtupov, 'nerve.
 Paralysis or loss of sensibility of the skin.
   DERMATAUXE.  Derraatophyma.
   DERM ATI ATRIfcA, from itppa, itpparos, 'skin, 
DERMATITIS             288               DESMOID
and torpeta, 'healing.'  Healing of cutaneous dis-
eases.  The treatment of diseases of the skin—
Diaderiiiiatrla, Dermatocratla.
  DERMATITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous  inflam-
mation.
  DERMATOCHOLOSTS, Icterus.
  DERMATOCIIYSIS, Anasarca.
  DERMATOCRATIA,  see Dermatiatria.
  DERMATODES, Dermatoid.
  DERMATODYNIA, Dermalgia.
  DER'MATOID,   Dermatol dee,   Dermato'dea,
Dermo'i'dea, Dermo'dea,  Dermoid,  from itppa,
itpparos, 'the skin,' and ttios, 'form.' That which
is similar to the skin.  This name is given to
different  tissues, which resemble the skin. The
dura mater has been so called by some.
  Morbi  dermato'dea, chronic cutaneous diseases
  DERMATOL'OGY, Dermatolof'in, Dermol-
ogy. from itppa, itpparos, ' the skin,' and Xoyoj,
'a discourse.'  A discourse or treatise of the skin.
  DERMATOPATHIA, Cutaneous disease.
  DERMATOPERISCLERISMUS, Induration
of the cellular tissue.
  DERMATOPERISCLEROSIS, Induration of
the cellular tissue.
  DERMATOPHILUS, Chique.
  DERMATOPHY'MA, Dermatiiux'e, from itppa,
itpparos, 'skin,' and ipvpa, 'tumour/ A tumefac-
 tion of the skin.
   DERMATOPHYMATA VENEREA,  Condy-
 lomata.
   DERMATOPHYTE, properly Dermatoph'yti
 (Morbi), from itppa, itpparos,  'skin,' and tpvrov,
 'a  vegetable.'  An  order of cutaneous diseases,
 including those that depend on, or  are  character-
 ized by, the presence of parasitic  plants.  It  is
 made to include Porrigo and Sycosis.
   DERMATORRHAG"IA, from itppa,  itpparos,
 'skin,' and'payi7, 'rupture.'  *A  discharge of blood
 from the skin.
   DERMATORRHOZ'A,  from itppa,  itpuaros,
 ' skin,' and ptui, ' I flow.'  A morbidly increased
 secretion from the skin.
   DERMATOSCLEROSIS, Callosity.
   DERMATOSES, Cutaneous diseases.
   DERMATOSIES  VEROLEUSES,  Syphi-
 lidee.
   DERMATOSPASMUS, Horrida cutis.
   DERMATOTYLOMA, Callosity.
   DERMATOTYLOSIS, Callosity.
   DERMATOTYLUS,  Callosity.
   DERME, Cutis.
   DERMIC,  Der'mictta, Dermalicne, Dermat'i-
  ntta, Dermatic, Dermal, Derma'lie; from itppa,
  'skin.'  Relating to the skin.
   DERMITIS, Cytitis.
    DERMODES, Dermatoid.
   DERMOG'RAPHY ,Dermograph'ia, from itppa,
  'the skin,' and ypatpta,  'I  describe.'  An anato-
  mical description, of the skin.
    DERMOHiE'MIA, from itppa, 'skin,' and
  'mpa, 'blood.'  Hyperaemia or congestion of the
  skin.
    DERMOID, Dermatoid.
    DERMOLOGY,  Dermatology.
    DERM'OPHYTE, Dermatophyte,  same  ety-
  mon.  A  parasitic  vegetable growth on  tho skin.
    DERMO-SKELETON, see  Skeleton.
    DERMO-SYPHILIDES, Syphilidea.
    DERMOT'OMY, Dermotom'ia, from itppa, 'the
  skin,' and rtuvttv, ' to cut'  The part  of anatomy
  which treats  of the structure of the skin.
    DERODYMUS, Dicephalus. .
    DERONCUS, Bronchocele.
    DERTRON.  This  word,  which is  used  by
  Hippocrates,  signified, according to  some, the
  omentum or  peritoneum, but according  to others,
  ►he small intestine.  See Epiploon.
  DESALTERANTS, Refrigerants.
  DISARTICULATION  (¥.),  from  de,  and
articulue, ' a joint'  Disjoint'ing.   A word used
to express the part of the operation, in amputa-
tion at an articulation, which consists in dividing
the ligaments, and separating the articular sur-
faces.  The word has,  also, been  used for that
kind  of  anatomical preparation,  the  object of
which is to separate the different bones of the
skeleton, and especially those of the head.
  DESASSIMILATION, see Assimilation.
  DESCALORINESES, from  de, 'from,' and
calor, 'heat'   A name given by Baumes to die-
eases  which  are characterized  by diminished
heat.
  DESCEMET, MEMBRANE OF, see Aqueous
Humour,'and Cornea.
  DESCEMETITIS.  A term improperly formetl.
and really signifying 'inflammation of Desccmet'
Inflammation of the membrane of Descemet.
  DESCENDENS NONI, see Hypoglossus.
  DESCENSIO, Catabasis.
  DESCENSUS,  Catabasis — d.  Testiculorum
Orchido-catabasis.
  DESCENTE, Hernia— d. dc la Matrice, Pro
cidentia uteri.
   DESECTUS, Castratus.
   DESENFLURE, DStumeacence.
   DESHLER'S SALVE, Ceratum resinae compo
situni.
   DESICCANTIA, Desiccativa.
   DESICCATIO, Draining—d. Herbarum, Dry
ing of plants.
   DESICCATION, Drying.
   DESICCATI'VA, Deaican'tia, Siccan'tia,  Ex-
eiccatlva, from deeiccare, (de, and eiccare, sicca-
 turn, 'to dry,') 'to dry up.'  (F.) DSssiccatifs
 Remedies, which, when applied externally,* drj
 up the humours or moisture from a wound.
   DISINFECTANT, Disinfectant.
   DESINFECTION, Disinfection.
   DESIPIENTIA, Delirium.
   DESIRE, Libido—d. Venereal, Appetite, vene-
 real, see Libido.
   DES'MA, Dea'me, Dee'mue.  A bandage, a liga-
 ment.   Hence:
   DESMATUR'GIA, from itopa, 'bandage,' and
 epyov, 'work.'  The doctrine of  the  application
 of bandages.   Bandaging.
   DESMEDION, Fasciculus.
   DESMEUX, Ligamentous.
   DESMIOGNATHUS, (F.) Deamiognathe, from
 icepos, 'ligament,' and yvados,  'jaw.'  A  double
 parasitic monster, Order, Polygnathiene, charac-
 terized by a supernumerary imperfect head, which
 is united, under the neck, by muscular atfd cuta-
 neous, but no bony attachments, to the principal
  subject
    DESMITIS, Desmophlogo'eie,  Deamophlog"ia,
  from itepni  'a ligament,'  and itie, denoting in-
  flammation.   Inflammation of ligaments.
    DESMOCHAUNO'SIS, from iteuos, 'ligament,'
  and ^auvwaif,  'relaxation.'  Relaxation of an ar-
  ticular ligament.
    DESMODYN'IA, from  itoun,  'ligament,' and
  oiwn, 'pain.'  Pain in the ligaments.     '
    DESMOG'RAPHY, Desmograph'ia, from ito-
  pos, 'a ligament,' and ypaipn, 'a description.'  An
  anatomical description of  the ligaments.
    DESMOID, Deamoidee, Deamo'dea,  from iteuos,
  'a ligament,'  and  ttios, 'resemblance.'  Having
  the character of, or resembling, ligament.
    Desmoid Tissue, from itepos, 'a ligament,' and
  ttios, 'shape.'  Ligamen'toua  Tieaue,  Textua dee-
  mo'aua.  This tissue  is very generally diffused
  over the human body ; has a very close connexion
  with the areolar tissue, and is continuous with it 
DESMOLOGY             289            DEVELOPMENT
in divers  places.  It constitutes the ligaments,
aponeuroses,  Ac.
  DESMOL'OGY, Deamolof'ia, from iteuos,  'a
ligament,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse,' 'a treatise.'
That  part of anatomy which describes  the  liga-
ments.
  DESMOP'ATIIY, Deamopathi'a,  from itopos,
'ligament,'and nados,  'disease.'  Disease of the
ligaments.
  DESMOPHLOGIA, Desmitis.
  DESMORRHEX'IS, from itopos, 'a ligament,'
and pn&s,  'rupture.'  Rupture of  an  articular
ligament.
  DESMOS, Ligament
  DESMOSUB, Ligamentous.
  DESMOT'OMY, Desmotom'ia, from itopos,  'a
ligament,' and rtpvtiv, ' to cut'   The part of ana-
tomy which  teaches the mode of dissecting the
ligaments.
  DESOBSTRUANT, Deobstruent
   DESOBSTRUCTIF, Deobstruent.
  DESOPILA TIF, Deobstruent.
   DESORGANISA TION, Disorganization.
   DESOXYGENESES,  from de, and  oxygen.
 M. Baumes includes under this title an order of
 diseases, which he considers dependent upon a
 diminution in the quantity of the  oxygen neces-
 sary  for the animal ecoUomv.
   DESPOT A TS (¥.).   Infirm soldiers, formerly
 charged with the office of removing the wounded
 from the field of battle: perhaps from desporta-
 tor, 'one who bears away.'   The class of Despo-
 tits was introduced by Leo VI., at the commence-
 ment of the  9th century.
   DESPUM ATION, Deapuma'tio, Apaphria'mos,
 Epaphria'moa, from deapiimare, (de, and apitma,)
 'to skim,' 'to remove the froth.'  The separation
 of  tho  froth  and  other impurities, which rise, by
 the action of the fire, to the surface of  any  fluid.
   DESQUAMATION, Deaqnama'tio  Cutis, Ec-
 lep'isis, Apoayr'ma,  Apolep'isis,  Apolepia'mua,
 iloidting, from deaquamare,  (de, and squama, ' a
 scale,') 'to scale  off.'   Exfoliation, or separation
 i'f  the epidermis, in the form of scales, of a greater
 or less size, Furfura'tio,  Defurfura'tio.  This
 affection is a common consequence of exanthema-
 tous  diseases.
   DESQUAMATORIUS, Exfoliative.
    DESSECHEMENT, Atrophy, Draining.
   DESSICA TIFS, Desicativa.
   DESSICCATION, Desiccation.
   DESTILLATIO, Coryza,  Distillation—d. Pec-
 toris, Catarrh—d. Uteri, Leucorrhoea.
   DESTRUCTIO, Diaphthora.
   DESUDATIO,  Ephidro'sis, Sudam'ina, Hi-
 dro'n. from desttdare, (de, and sttdare,) 'to sweat'
 Beawlation means a profuse and inordinate sweat-
 ing,  a mucksweat; but, most commonly, the term
 is applied to an eruption of small pimples, similar
 to  millet seed, which appears chiefly on children,
 and is  owing to want of cleanliness.
   DESYMPHYSER, see Symphyseotomy.
   DETENTIO. Catalepsy.
   DETERGENS, Abstergent
   DETERMENTS, from detergere, (ele, and  ter-
 nne, 'to clean,')  'to  cleanse.'   Detergen'tia, De-
 '{erso'ria, Extergen'tia, Abstergen'tia, Absterslva,
 Absterso'ria, Abluen'tia,  Traumalica,  Smec'tica,
 Eniundan'tia,  Mnndificatlra,  Mtindifican'tia,
 Rhyp'tira, Abater'sivea, (¥.) DSteraifa, Mundifica-
 tif.  Abluents.    Medicines, which possess  the
 power  to  deterge or  cleanse  parts, as wounds,
 ulcers, Ac   They belong to the  class of stimu-
 lants, or to that of emollients.
   DETERMINATION, Determina'tio, from de,
 and  terminus, 'a boundary.'  Strong direction to
 a given point;—as 'a determination 'of blood to
 the head.'
   DETERSIFS, Detergents.
   DETERSORIA, Detergents.
   DETERSO'RIUM, from detergere, detereum,
 'to cleanse.'  The place, in ancient bathing es-
 tablishments, where the bather was cleansed and
 dried.
   DETESTATIO, Castratio.
   DETORSE, Sprain.
   DETRACTIO  SANGUINIS, Bloodletting.
   DETRITUS,  from deterere, (de,  and terete,
 tritum, 'to rub,') 'to bruise or wear, out'  The
 residuum,  occupying the  place  of  the  organic
 texture of parts which have undergone disorgani-
 zation.
   DETROIT  ABDOMINALE, Pelvis (brim)—
 d. InfSrieur, Pelvis (outlet)—d. PSrinSal, Pelvis
 (outlet)—d. SupSrieur, Pelvis  (brim.)
   DE TRONC A TION, Detruncatio.
   DETRUNCATION,  Detrttnca'tio, (¥.) DStron-
 cation, from de, and truncua,  'a trunk.'  Separa-
 tion of the trunk from the head of the foetus, thd
 latter remaining in the  uterus.
   DETRU'SION, Detru'sio ; same etymon as the
 next.  The act of thrusting or forcing down or
 away. Applied by Dr. Walshe to lateral displace-
 ment of the heart by extraneous pressure.
   DETRU'SOR  URUN.E, Protru'aor, from de-
 trudere,  (de, and trudere, trwsiim, 'to  thrust,') 'to
 thrust down or from.'   The muscular coat of the
 urinary  bladder was formerly so called.   It was,
 also, named Consfrictur Veai'ca Urina'ria.
   DETUMESCENCE (¥.), Detumescen'tia, from
 detmnere, (de, and tumere, 'to swell,') 'to cease
 to swell.'  A diminution of swelling.   This word
 has nearly the same signification as the French
 word  Desenfiure.  The latter is,  however, more
 particularly applied to  the diminution of oedema
 or anasarca; the former,  to  the  resolution of a
 tumour  properly so called.
   DEUNX.  The ancient name of a weight of 11
 ounces,  supposing the pound to consist of 12.
   DEURENS  (FEBRIS,) Causus.
   DEUS COPULATIONIS, Cupido.
   DEUTERANffiA,  Dementia.
   DEUTERI'A, from itvrtpos, 'the second.' Vo-
 gel has  used this term for the symptoms produced
 by retention of the secundines.   The word was
 aiso  applied, by the Greeks, to a  second or infe-
 rior wine.
   DEUTERION, Secundines.
   DEUTEROPATHI'A, Hysteropatkla, Morbua
 aecuiida'rius, • from  itvrtpos,  'the second,' and
 TraSos, 'disease.'   A secondary disease.  One pro-
i duced by  another, and of which it is  only, in
 some measure, symptomatic,  or the  sympathetic
 effect.
   DEUTEROS'COPY, Deuteroscop'ia, from itv-
 rtpos, 'the second,' and  axonta, 'I view.'   Second
 sight   A fancied power of seeing future things
 or events.
   DEUTO, itvrtpos, 'second.'  A prefix denoting
 two, or double,—as deutoxide, having two degrees
 of oxidation.
   DEUTOAZOTATE ACIDE LIQUIDE DE
 MERCURE, see Hvdrarevri  nitras.
   DEVELOPMENT,  Evoln'tio,  from (F.) dSte-
 lopper,  'to  unfold.'   (F.) Developpenient.   In
 Physiology, it means growth  or increase; and in
 Pathology,  its  signification  is similar.   It — as
■ well as Differentiation—is at times used, in Phys
 iology,  for the kind of increase which takes place
 by the  formation of new  tissues  from those  al-
 ready existing, as in  the embryo,  whilst growth is
 restricted to the increase of the same tissue.  By
 development of the  pulse is understood an  in-
 crease in  its strength  and fulness.   Diseases of
 development, Morbi evolutio'nia, are  such as are
H peculiar to the period of growth. 
DEVERTICULUM           290            DIACIIALASIS
  'Taking  Developments.'  A  term  used by  |
practical craniologists to signify the act of mea-
suring prominences of the skull, which are re-
garded by them as indicating the size of corre-
sponding cerebral organs.
  Development, Vesicle of, see Vesicle of De-
velopment.
  DEVERTICULUM, Diverticulum.
  DEVIATION, Devia'tio, from de, 'from,' and
via,  ' the way.'  Out of the way.  By this word
is  meant — a vicious curvature of the spine or
other bones; — faulty  direction of the teeth or
other part; — the passage of blood, bile, urine,
milk, Ac, into vessels not natural to them.
  DEVIATION DES REGLES, Menstruation
(vicarious.)
  DEVIL  IN A BUSH, Nigella—d.  Bit, Vera-
trum virile.
  DEVIL'S  BIT, Aletris farinosa, Scabiosa suc-
cisa, Chamaelirinm luteum — d. Bite, Liatris — d.
Dung, Asafcetida—d. Shoestrings,  Galega  Vir-
giniana.
  DE VIRGIN ATION. Defloration,  Stuprum.
  DEVISCERATION, Exenterismus.
  DEVOURMENT, Diarrhoea.
  DEWBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus caesius
—d. Plant, Rubus cajsius.
  DEW CLAWS, Crusta genu equinae.
  DEXIOCAR'DIA, from it^tos, 'right,' and Kap-
ha,  ' the heart'   A case in  which  the heart  is
found to beat on  the right side.  It is met with
occasionally in pleurisy and pneumothorax.
  DENIS, Degtnus.
  DEXTANS.   A weight of 10 ounces, suppos-
ing the pound to  consist  of 12.
  DEXTERINA, Dextrine.
  DEXTRAD, from  dexter, 'right-handed.'   A
term used  adverbially by Dr. Barclay to  signify
' towards the dextral aspect/  See Mesial.
  Dextral Aspect, see Mesial.
  DEXTRAL'ITY, from  dexter,  'right.'   The
state of being on  the right side.  Right-handed-
ness.  The  state of being right-banded.
  DEXTRIN, Dextrine, Dextrlnum. Dexteri'na,
British gum, Artific"ial gum, from dexter,  'right-
handed.'  So called, from its refracting the rays,
in the  polarization of light,  more  to  the right
hand than  any substance  known.   A  substance
obtained by the continued action of diluted  sul-
phuric acid upon starch at the boiling point.   It
rs used in the treatment of fractures, by the 'im-
movable apparatus.'  The bandages are soaked in
a solution, in water, of the dextrine — previously
moistened  thoroughly with tincture of camphor,
to prevent  it from leaking, when the water is
added.   The solution should be of the consistence
of molasses.
  DEXTRINUM, Dextrine.
  DI, it, its,  'bis, twice, double.'  Hence, Dicro-
tus,  Digastricua, Ac.
  DIA,  r5ii, in composition, 'through, asunder,
out  of, separated.'  When  prefixed to  any thera-
peutical agent, it meant, in ancient pharmacy, a
preparation into which that agent entered.
  DIABEBOS, Astragalus, Malleolus.
  DIABETE, Diabetes—d.  Chyleux, Chyluria—
d. Faux, see Diabetes—d. Inaipide,  see Diabetes
—d. SucrS, Diabetes (mellitus.)
  DIABETES, from  iia,  ' through,' and (iaivia,
' I   pass.'   Uri'na profiilvium,  Hyperdinre'aia,
Sipho uri'na, Urorrhag"ia,  Polyu'ria, Hydrops
ud Mat'nlam seu Matella, Polyure'aia,  Uroze'mia,
 Ureorrhw.'a, Dip'sacos, Diarrhce'a  in  Urind seu
urino'sa, (¥.) Diablte, Flux d' Urine.  A disease,
characterized by great augmentation  and  often
manifest alteration in the secretion of urine ; with
excessive thirst, and progressive emaciation.  Cul-
len has described two species : — Diabetes insip'-
idua and D.  Mellitus ;  the  former,  (F.) Diablte
faux ou inaipide, Diablte, being, simply, a super-
abundant discbarge of limpid urine, of its usual,
urinary taste: the latter, D. Mellltua, called, also,
Partt'ria Melli'ta, Diabetee An'glicus seu  rerua,
Melitn'ria, Melithyparu'ria, Glucoailria, Glycyr-
rhce'a  urino'sa,  Uroze'mia  melli'ta, Saccharor-
rhce'a  urino'aa, Phthisu'ria,  Uro-phthlsis.  Tabes
diuret'ica seu diabe'tica,  Dyspep'sia saccharig".
ena, Apoceno'si* Diabetee  Mellltua, Siiv'charine
diabetee,  (¥.) Diablte aucrS, Hypernrorrhee arte.
charine, Phthisurie sucrSe, — falls under the defi-  *
nition  given  above.   The quantity of urine, dis-
charged in the 24 hours, is sometimes excessive,
amounting to 30 pints  and upwards; each pint
containing sometimes 2£ oz. saccharine matter.
This  replaces  the urea,  which is  not found  iq
quantity in the urine of  those labouring under
diabetes.   Where the disease is  situate  is not
clear.  The whole system of  nutrition, however,
seems  to be morbidly implicated.  A part of the
urine must be formed at the  expense of the sys-
tem, as the egesta frequently far exceed the solid
and liquid  ingesta.   On  dissection, no morbid
appearance is met with, sufficient to enable  us to
fix on  the seat of this distressing affection.
   All  the  remedies  that have been tried  have
usually been  found insufficient in D. Mellitus.
   D. insip'idits, Hyperure'aia aquo'aa, Hydru'ria,
Hydrttre'sis,  Parilria incon'tinena oqno'aa,  Dia-
be'tes  spu'rius, Urorrhoe'a,  U'real Diabetes, (¥.)
Polyurie, Hyperurrorrhee, Diablte inaipide, Faux
diablte,  which occurs in  hysterical habits, and
has, hence, been called D. hyater'icue, is of  com-
paratively trifling moment.  Exclusive diet, and
attention to the state of the cutaneous transpira-
tion, which have sometimes produced good effects
in D.  Mellitus, have most commonly failed.
   Diabetes  Anglicus, see Diabetes — d. Chylo-
sus, Chyluria — d. Insipidus, see  Diabetes — d.
Lacteus, Chyluria—d. Mellitus, see Diabetes—»d.
Spurius, see  Diabetes — d. Ureal, see Diabetes —
d. Verus, Diabetes (mellitus.)
   DIABETTC,  Diabe'ticua, (¥.) DiabStique.
Same  etymon.  Relating  to diabetes.
   Diabetic Sugar, see Glucose.
   DIABOT'ANUM,  from iia, and faravn, 'an
herb.'  A medicine, prepared with herbs.—Galen.
   DTABROSIS, Erosion, Corrosion.
   DIABROTICUS, from iia, and (Spue™,  'I eat
or corrode.'   A substance, capable of causing ero-
sion of the part to which it is applied. It ordi-
narily means a medicine, whose activity places it
between escharotics and caustics. See Corrosive.
   DIACAR'YON, from iia, and  xapvov, ' a nut'
Rob nncum.   The rob of nuts or of walnuts.
   DIACASSIA CUM MANNA, Confectiqcassiaa.
   DIACATHOL'ICON, Diacathol'icum, from iia,
and KaSoXtKos, 'universal.' The name of a purge,
so called from its general usefulness.  It was  an
electuary, and composed  of the pulp of caeaia,
tamarinda, leavea ofaenna, root of polypody, flow-
era  of the  violet, rhubarb root, aniaeed, sugar,
liquorice, and fennel.
   DIACAU'SIS, from itaxatu, (ita, and Katie.) 'I
burn through.'  Excestive heat.   Over-heating.
   DIACAUST'IC, Diacauelicus.  Same etymon.
That which is caustic  by  refraction ; as a double
convex lens, which has been sometimes used for
cauterizing an  ulcer  by directing the sun's rays
upon it.
   DIACELTATESSON  PARACELSI,  Pulvis
Cornachini.
   DIACHALASIS,  from itaxaXattv,  (ita, and
XaXattv,)' to  be open or relaxed.' Hippocrates uses
this word for fracture  of  the bones  of the skull;
or for  relaxation and  separation of the sutures, in
consequence  of  a wound of the head. — Hippo-
crates. 
DIACHALCITEOS           2P1               DIALEPSIS
    DIACIIALCIT'EOS, from ita, and yaXnrts,
  'chalcitis or colcothar.'  A  plaster, whose com-
  position is  the same as that of the diapalma,
  except that, in place of the sulphate of zinc, a
  mixture of oil and colcothar  is substituted.
    DIACHEIRIS'MOS, Diacheir'iaia, Tracta'tio
  manua'ria, from ita,  and  x'tp, ' the  hand.'  The
  preparation, administration,  and dispensing  of
  medicines.—Hippocrates.
    DIACHORE'MA,  Diachore'sis, from itaxuptut,
* (iia, and x^P^i 'I  retire,') T separate  from.'
  Every kind of excreted matter and excretion ;
  but more particularly the fmces and  alvine excre-
  tion.—Foesius, Gorraeus.  See Excrement.
    Diachorema Xysmatodes, see Ramenta intes-
  liuorum.
    DIACHORESIS, Excretion.
     DIACHRISIS, Inunction.
    DIACHRIST'A, from iia, and xptoi, ' I anoint.'
  Medicines,  applied as abstergents to the velum
  palati, the  palate itself,  the tongue, Ac   Pro-
  bably gargles.—Paulus of ^Egina.
     DIACH'YLON, Diach'ylum, Emplas'trum dia-
  ach'ylon, from  ita, and xv^°S' 'juice;' i. e. com-
  posed of juices.  The plaster of this name  was
  formerly made of certain juices.   The term is
  now confined  to  the  Emplastrum Plumbi  or
   Lead Plaster.
     Diachylon  cum Gummi, Emplastrum gummo-
   fuin—d. GommS, Emplastrum cum gummi-resinis
   —d. Gum, Emplastrum gummosum—d. Magnum
   cum gummi, Emplastrum galbani comp.—d. Sim-
   plex, Emplastrum plumbi—d. White, Emplastrum
   plumbi—d. Yellow, Emplastrum gummosum.
     DIACHYT'ICA, from ita, and  ^uu, T pour
   out,' ' I melt'  Medicines which discuss tumours.
     DIACINE'MA, from iia, and xtvtio, 'I move.'
   A "slight dislocation.— Celsus,  Galen.  A sub-
   luxation.
     DIACLASIS, Refraction.
     DIACLYSIS, Diaclys'mus, from  iia, and  *Xu-
   %uv, ' to wash out'   Rinsing or cleansing-
   cially of the mouth.
     DIACLYSxMA, Gargarism.
     DIACOCCYMELON, Diaprunum.
     DIACODION, Syrupus papaveris.
     DIACO'DIUM, Confec'tio ex CapilibuaPapav'-
   erie,  from  ita, and  xwiia, 'a poppyhead.'  (F.)
   Diacode.  The ancients  had various  forms  for
   preparing it.  The Syrup of Poppiea—Syru'pua
   Papav'eria seu Diaco'dion—is now substituted
   for it.
     DIACOPE,Abscission, Dissection, Intersection.
     Diac'ope", En'cope, from iia, and  kotttuv, 'to
   cut'  A cut,  incision, fissure, or  longtitudinal
  fracture.  When used, since Galen, it generally
  signifies an oblique incision, made in the cranium
  by a  sharp instrument, without the piece being
  removed.  It is not  now employed.
     Diac'ope Cra'nii,  Pracia'io  seu  Diaaec'tio
   Cra'nii. Opening the head; and separation of
  the bones of the cranium.
     DIACOPR.E'GIA,  from   ita,  Koirpos, 'excre-
  ment,' and at£, aiyos, ' a goat'  A  name  given,
  in Blancard's Lexicon, to a medicine, composed
  of goat's dung, which the ancients praised in dis-
  eases of the spleen, parotids, Ac.
    DIAC'RISES, from iia, and kPivu>, T separate.'
  A class of diseases  characterized by alterations
  of secretion.—Gendrin.
    DIACRISIOG'  R A PHY, Diacriaiograph'ia,
  from itaKptois.  'separation,' and ypa<Pn< 'a descrip-
  tion.'  A description of the  organs of secretion.
  DIACRIT'ICA SIG'NA. Same etymon. Signs
by which one disease can be accurately discrimi-
nated from another.—differencial diagno'8i8.
  DIACYDONITES, Cydoniatum.
  DIADE'MA,  Fascia cap'itia, Redimic'ulnm,
from itaito),  (ita, and itiv, 'to  bind.')   T bind
round.'  A sort of bandage; advised in headach,
in which  relaxation  of the sutures was  appre-
hended.—Forestus.
  DIADERMIATRIA, Endermic method.
  DIADEX'IS,  Diad'oche, Metatopto'eia, from
iiaitxopai, (iia, and itx°pui, 'to take or receive.')
T transfer,'  T succeed to.' A transformation of
a disease into another, differing from the former
both in its nature and seat.
  DIADOCHE,  Diadexis.
  DIAD'OSIS.from^ia^tc^t, 'to distribute.' In
some authors, it  means the distribution of nutri-
tive  matter over the whole body,—in other words,
nutrition ; whilst, in others, it is synonymous with
the remission or cessation of a disease.
  DLEDGL'US, from it, ' double,' and aiiota, 'the
parts of generation.'  A monster whose organs
of generation and urinary bladder are double.  It
has only been observed in animals.
  DIURESIS, from itaiptw, (iia, and atom, ' I
take away,') 'I divide,' T separate.'  A  division
or solution of continuity.  A  surgical operation,
which consists in dividing any part of the body.
Hamorrhag" taper di a'resin is hemorrhage owing
to separation or  division of vessels.
  Diaeresis Ungul^e, Onychoptosis.
  DL&RETICUS, Caustic.
  DLETA,  Diet—d. Lactea, Galactodiaeta.
  DliETE'MA,  has the same  signification  as
diet, with most  authors.  Galen gives it a more
extensive  meaning, comprising, under  it, what
constitutes Hygiene.
  DLETETICA, Dietetics.
  DIAGNOSE.Diagnosticate.
  DIAGNO'SIS, Digno'tio, Diagnos'tice, Deprc-
hen'aio, from iia, and yiviooKto, 'I know.'   Discri-
mination,  (¥.) Diagnose, Diagnoatique. That part
of medicine  whose object is the discrimination of
diseases, and the knowledge of the pathognomonic
signs of each.  It is one  of the most important
branches of general pathology.  See Symptoms.
  Diagnosis, Differential, see Diacritica signa.
  DIAGNOSTIC,  Discretlvua, Diagnos'ticus;
(¥.) Diagnoatique.  Same etymon.  A symptom
which is characteristic of a disease.
  DIAGNOSTICATE, — sometimes  diagnoae.
To discriminate  one disease or phenomenon  from
another.
  DIAGRYDIUM, Convolvulus scammonia.
  Diagryd'ium  Cydonia'tum, from diagrydium,
'scammony,' and cydoninm, 'quince.'  A phar-
maceutical preparation, obtained by inspissating
and  drying,  by means of heat, two parts  of scant -
many, and one of quince juice.  It was formerly
used as an energetic purgative.
  Diagryd'ium  Glycyrruiza'tum.  An analo-
gous preparation, containing extract of liquorico
in place of quince juice.
  Diagryd'ium Sulphura'tum.  Scammony,
which has been exposed to the vapour of burning
sulphur.   These diagrydia are not now used.
  DIALEIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermission.
  DIALEIPYRA, Intermittent fever.
  DIALEMMA, Apyrexia.
  DIALEP'SIS, Intercep'tio, from iiaXap0avui, 'I
intercept' — Hippocrates  employs  this word for 
DIALIPSIS               292          DIAPHRAGMATIC
the interstices, or intervals, left between the turns
of a  bandage.
  DIALIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermissio.
  DIAL'YSIS, Dis8olu'tio, from  ita, and Xvots,
' solution.'   A dissolution or  loss of  strength;
Resolu'tio  vir'ium.   Weakness  of  the  limbs.
Also, a solution of continuity.
  DIAMANT, Diamond.
  DIAMASTEMA, Masticatory.
  DIAM'BRA SPE'CIES.   A name given by
the ancients to powders, one of which bore the
name — Spe'cies  diam'bra sine odora'tia, — the
other, that of -Spe'ciea  diam'bra cum odora'tia.
The former was composed of cinnamon, angelica
root, clovee, mace, nutmeg, galanga, cardamom,
and  numerous other substances;  the latter, be-
sides, had ambergria and mnak.   These powders
were used  as  tonics,  in cases of debility of the
stomach, and in certain  nervous affections.     •
  DIAMETERS  OF THE PELVIS, see  Pelvis.'
  DIAMNES, Enuresis.
  DI'AMOND, Ad'ama8, (from a, privative, and
tapaot, ' I conquer.')  'Invincible;' (F.) Diamant.
So called from its hardness.   It is the most pre-
cious of all stones, and was  formerly conceived
to possess extraordinary cordial virtues.
  DIAMO'RUM,  Rob ex maris,  from ita, and
fiwpov, 'a mulberry.'   An ancient  syrup prepared
with honey and mulberry juice.  It was employed
as a  gargle in  sore throat.—Galen.
  DIAMOTO'SIS,  from poros, '  charpie,''lint'
The  introduction of lint into an ulcer or wound.
  DIANA, Argentum.
  DIANANCAS'MUS,  from ita, and avayKa^,,
'  I force.'   Coaptation,  reduction of a fractured
or luxated limb.
  DIANOEMA, Imagination.
  DIANTHUS  CARYOPHYL'LUS, from  Ais,
Aios, 'Jove.' [?] av$os, ' flower,' and caryophyllam,
'  the clove.'  Clove Pink.   Also called  Caryo-
pltyllum rubrum, Tu'nica, T.horten'eis sen rubra,
Caryophyllua horten'eie, Clove July  flower, Gil-
liflower, Oarna'tion, (Sc) Jeroffleria,  Geraflouria.
Order, Caryophylleae.  (¥.) CEillet girofl.Se.  The
flowers were once much used; but are now only
employed in syrup, as a  useful and pleasant
vehicle for other medicines.
  DIAPAL'MA,  Phoenic"ium Emplaa'trum.   A
plaster composed of equal parts of litharge, olive
oil, axunge, water, a certain quantity of eulphate
if zinc dissolved in water, and white wax.  It is
classed amongst  the  topical, desiccative, emol-
lient, resolvent, detersive, and cicatrizing medi-
cines.   Mixed with a quarter of its weight of
olive oil, it acquires the consistence of an oint-
ment, and forms the Cerate of Diapalma.
  DIAPASMA, Catapasma.
  DIAPEDE'SIS, Tranauda'tio, Persuda'tio,
Peranlta'tio, from itatrniaio, (iia,  and nniaui,) ' I
leap  through.'  Exhalation,  as of blood, in the
form of dew, at the surface of the skin, or of any
membrane; Sweating of blood, (F.) Sueur de Sang,
Hamorrhag"ia per diapede'ein, Hamatopede'sis,
Hamidra'aia.            •
  DIAPENSTA C0RTU5A, Sanicula.
  DIAPENTES or DIAPENTE, from iia, and
Ttvrn, 'five.'  A medicine composed  of  five  in-
gredients.  See Diatessaron.
  DIAPHOD'NICON, Diaphoe'nix,  Medicamen'-
tttm  ex Palmulia, from ita, and tbotvil-, tpoiviKos, 'a
date.'  A drastic electuary, of which the date was
the chief excipient
  DIAPHORE'SIS,  from  iiaifioptio  (ita,  and
pootoi, ' I convey,') ' I  dissipate.' (F.) Diapho-
rlee.  A greater degree of perspiration than natu-
ral, but less than  in  sweating.  Every kind of
cutaneous evacuation.
  DIAPHORET'IC.  Same etymon.  Diapno'-
ictts,  Diaphoret'icus,  (¥.)  DiaphorStique.   A
medicine which  excites diaphoresis.  Diaphore-
tics are very uncertain as a class.   The following
is a list of the most reputed:—Ammonia1 Aeetatis
Liquor; Ammoniae Carbonas ; Antimonialis pul-
vis;  Antimonii et Potassae Tartras; Antimonii
Sulphuretum praecipitatum; Asclepias  tr/herosa;
Camphora;  Contrayerva;  Dulcamara; Eupato-
rium perfoliatum ;  Guaiaci Lignum ; Guaiacum;
Ipecacuanha;  Mezereum; Opium,  and  its active
principle Morphia; Sarsaparilla; Sassafras ; Ser-
pentaria ;  Spiritus ./Etheris  Nitrici;  Sulphur;
Xanthoxylum; Caloric;  Exercise,  (active;) and
Friction.
  The epithet Diaphoretic has also  been given,
by some, to continued fever, accompanied with
constant perspiration.
  Diaphoretic, Mineral, Antimonium diapho-
reticum.
  DIAPHORETICUM   JOVLALE, see  Anti-
hectic.
  DI'APHRAGM, Diaphrag'ma,   Diaphrax'ia,
Respirato'rium Ventris,  Discreto'rium, Phrenea,
Septum transver'sum,  Diacri'men   Thoru'c'ta  et
Ventris,  Disceptnm,   Cine'tua,  Diazo'ma,  Pra-
cinc'tus, Diazos'ma, Diazoa'tra, Hypezo'ctta, Hy-
pozo'ma, Perizo'ma, Dissep'tum, Dissip'itim,  Pra-
cor'dia, Succin'gena  membra'na seu mits'ciilus,
Succinc'tue,  Sticcinctu'ra,  the  Midriff, (Prov.)
Heart-scirts, from iia, 'between,' and ippaoom, 'I
close.' A large, azygous muscle ; stretched trans-
versely between the  thoracic and abdominal ca-
vities, which it separates  from each other; tendi-
nous in the centre; thin,  almost circular,and un-
equally convex, upwards.  It is fleshy  at its cir-
cumference,  which is attached to  the cartilago
ensiformis, to the last six ribs, to tbe aponeurosis
stretched from the last rib to the transverse pro-
cess of the first lumbar vertebra ;  and, lastly, to
the bodies of the first three or four  lumbar verte-
brae,  When it contracts, its fibres become straight,
the chest  is enlarged, and the abdomen dimin-
ished.   It is then an inspiratory muscle. It may,
also, diminish  the  capacity of the  chest, and be
an expiratory muscle.  The muscle plays an im-
portant part in sighing, yawning, coughing, sneez-
ing, laughing, sobbing, crying, hiccoughing, sing-
ing,  vomiting, and excretion of the faeces and
urine, the expulsion of the foetus, Ac.
  DIAPHRAGMA AURIS, see Tympanum—d.
Cerebri, Tentorium — d. Narium, Septum narium
— d.  Ventriculorum  lateralium cerebri, Septum
lucidum.
  DIAPHRAGMAL'GIA,   Diaphragmafal'gia,
from  itatppaypa, itatppaypaTos, ' the  diaphragm,'
and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the diaphragm.
  DIAPHRAGMATALGIA, Diaphragmalgia.
  DIAPHRAGMAT'IC,  Diaphragmat'icus, (¥.)
Diaphragmatique.  Belonging to the diaphragm.
A name given  to several  vessels and nerves.
  Diaphragmat'ic or Phrenic Ar'teries.  These
are distinguished into superior and  inferior.  The
former, called,  also, supradiaphragmatic, are
two in number, one on each side. They arise from
the internal mammary,  and descend  along the
phrenic nerve,  to  be  distributed  on the  upper
surface  of the  dinphragm.   The latter or infra-
diaphragmat'ic are also  two in number.   They
arise from the  upper part of the abdominal aorta,
or from the coeliac artery, ^and divide into two
principal branches, which are distributed on the
lower surface, of the diaphragm and in its sub-
stance.
  The superior diaphragmat'ic veins follow the
same  course as the arteries,  and empty them-
selves— the right, into  the vena cava superior; 
DIAPHRAGMATITIS         293            DIARTHRODI AL
the left, into the corresponding subclavian vein.
The two inferior diaphragmatic veine open into
the vena cava inferior.
  Diaphragmat'ic  Her'nia,  Phrenic  Hernia,
Diaphragmatoce'le.   The  abdominal viscera are
occasionally protruded  through the diaphragm,
either through some of the  natural apertures in
the muscle, or through deficiencies, or wounds,
or lacerations in it
  Diaphragmat'ic  or Phrenic  Nerves, Inter-
nal reapiratory of  Sir Charles Bell, are two in
number; one on the left  side, the  other on the
right.   They arise  from  the  second and  third
nerves of the  cervical plexus, about the middle
of the neck, and receive two  or three filaments
from  the  brachial  plexus, after which-they de-
scend into the chest at the sides of the pericar-
dium, and are distributed  on the diaphragm.
   Diaphragmat'ic  Plex'uses are  two in  num-
ber; one  right, and the other left.  They arise
from  the  upper part of the solar  plexus,  by a
small number  of branches, which are distributed
to the diaphragm, following  exactly the branches
of the inferior diaphragmatic arteries.
   Diaphragmat'ic  Ring,  (F.) Anneau diaphrag-
matique  of Chaussier, is  a name   given to the
irregularly quadrilateral aperture  by which the
vena  cava inferior passes through the diaphragm.
   DIAPHRAGMATITIS, Diaphragmitis.
   DIAPHRAGMATOCELE, see Hernia.
   DIAPHRAGMITIS, from itatppaypa, 'the dia-
phragm,'  and  itia,  a suffix  denoting inflamma-
tion.  Diaphragmatltia', Inflamma'tio aepti trana-
ver'si, Paraphrenltia, Empreama Pleuritis Dia-
 phragmalica, Paraphrene'sie Diaphragmat'ica,
Inflammation  of  the Diaphragm.   The terms,
Paraphrenltia and Paraphrene'sia have  been
 obtained from the Peripatetic  philosophy, which
 supposed the  seat of the  <ppnv or soul to be the
praecordia. The essential symptoms of diaphrag-
mitis are :—painful  constriction around the prae-
 cordia, with small, quick, laborious breathing.  It
 is a rare disease.
   DIAPHRATTON HYMEN, Mediastinum—d.
 Membrana, Mediastinum.
   DIAPHRAXIS,  Diaphragm.
   DIAPHTHORA, Deatruc'tio,  from ita, and
tpbttpttv, ' to  corrupt'  Corruption  in general;
more especially corruption of  the fnetus in utero.
—Hippocrates.  Also, corruption of the blood in
the stomach.—Galen.  See Abortion.
   DIAPHYLACTIC, Prophylactic.
   DIAPH'YSIS, from iiaipvu, T  rise between.'
Interatil'ium,  Diecrimina'tio : 'an  interstice, in-
terval, division.'  Any thing that separates two
bodies.   Also, the  middle part or body of a long
bone, Corpua Oaaia.   One  of the ligaments of the
knee—Hippocrates, Pare
   DIA'PIA.  Some lexicographers  use this word
synonymously with Diapyesis or Suppuration,
others have employed it in opposition to Myopia.
   DIAPLASIS, Conformation, Reduction.
   DIAPLASMUS,  Conformation, Reduction.
   DIAPNEUSIS, Perspiration.
   DIAPNOE, Perspiration.
   DIAPNffiA, Perspiration.
   DiAPNOGENOUS APPARATUS, see  Per-
spirntion.
   DIAPNOICUS, Diaphoretic.
   DI APOPHYSES, Transverse processes of the
rertebrae.
  DIAPORE'MA.   Anxiety,  jactitation;  from
ituKoptui, ' I doubt
  DIAPRU'NUM,  Diacoccyme'lon. A purgative
electuary, of which the pulpe of prunea and rhu-
barb formed the  basis.  By adding  to the dia-
pruiutm eimplex a 24th part of powdered scam.
mony, the Diapru'num resoluti'vtim seu cumpos'-
itum was formed.  It was more active than the
former.
  DIAPYEMA, Empyema, Suppuration.
  DIAPYESIS,  Suppuration —d. Oculi, Hypo-
pyon.
  DIAPYET'ICA, Dyapye'mata,  from iiairvnn",
itawvnois,  (ita,  and  irvov, 'pus,')  'suppuration.'
Medicines which  promote suppuration.
  DIAPYETICUS, Suppurative.
  DIARyE'MIA,  (F.) Diaremic,  from  iia,
'through,' ptia, T flow,' and  'aiut.,  'blood.'   A
pathological  condition, said to  be  common  in
sheep, in which the globules of the blood are di-
minished in quantity;  the blood  itself thinner,
and  transuding through the coats of the vessels
into  the cavities.—Delafore.
  DIAREMIE, Diaraemia.
  DIARIA, Ephemera.
  DIARRHAGE, Fracture.
  DIARRHOS'A, from ita,  'through,' and  ptw,
' I flow.'  Enterorrhce'a, Incontinentia alvi, Alri
proflu'vium  seu fluxua aquo'aua, Ventris proflu'-
vinm, Cceliorrhoe'a, Cozliolyais, Alvua cita, Caca-
to'ria, Coprorrhoe'a,  Catar'rhua intestina'lia, Alvi
fluxua, Rheuma, Epiph'ora Alvi, Fluxua alclniis,
Lax'itaa alvi, Deflux'io, Lax, Looseness, Purging,
Scouring,  (Sc.)  Scour,  (Prov.)  Ray,  Scutter,
Skitter, (¥.) Diarrhee, DSvoiement, Catarrhe in-
testinal, Flux de Ventre, Coura de Ventre,  Cou-
rante.  A disease characterized by frequent liquid
alvine  evacuations, and generally owing to in-
flammation or irritation of the mucous membrana
of the intestines.  It  is commonly  caused by
errors in regimen, the use of food  noxious by it.i
quality or quantity,  Ac, constituting the Diar-
rhce'a atercora'ria. D.  Grapulo'ea of writers.   It
may  be acute  or  chronic  Many varieties have
been made by some nosologists—e. g. mucous,—
Diarrhot'a muco'aa, Blennoche'aia,  Blennoche'zia,
Mycodiarrhos'a ;  bilious, — Ileo-eholo'sia,  Diar-
rhoe'a bilio'aa ; serous,—Hydroche'zia, Hydrodi-
arrhoz'a,  Orrhoche'zia; dependent  upon  the
matters evacuated.  Diarrhoea requires different
treatment, according to its nature.  If caused, as
it often is, by improper matters in  the intestinal
canal,  these  must be evacuated; and the astrin-
gent plan of treatment must not be adopted, unless
the discharges seem kept up by irritability of tho
intestines, or unless  they are colliquative.  The
indiscriminate use of astringents  is to be depre-
cated.
  A  very fatal diarrhoea prevails amongst the
native inhabitants of India,  to which Mr. Tytler
has given the name Diarrhve'a hec'tica, because,
like hectic fever, it seems to obtain habitual pos-
session of the  constitution,  to operate upon  it
with scarcely any perceptible  intermission, and,
in general, to defy the most powerful remedies.
  Diarrhcea  Adiposa,  Graa-fondure— d.  cum
Apepsia, Lientery — d. Arthritica,  Cceliagra —  d.
Biliosa, see Diarrhcea—d. Carnosa, Dysentery—
d. Chylosa, Cceliac flux—d. Chymosa, Coeliac flux
—d.  Crapulosa, see Diarrhcea—d.  Cruenta, Ha?-
matochezia—d. Dyspeptica, Lientery—d. Hepa-
tica,  Hepatirrhoea—d. Ingestorum, Lientery—d.
Lienteria, Lientery—d. Mucosa, see Diarrhcea—
d. Purulenta, Pyochezia—d. Sangninolenta, Hae-
matochezia—d. Stercoraria, see Diarrhcea—d. in
Urina, Diabetes—d. Urinosa, Diabetes.
  DIARRHOIS'CHESIS, from Diarrhoea, and
o-^£«ri{, 'arrest'  Arrest of a  diarrhcea.
  DIARTHRO'DIAL,  Diarthrodia'lie. Relating 
DIARTHROSIS            294               DIASTOLE
to diarthrosis or movable articulations;  as diar-
thro'dial articulation.  Diarthro'dial cartilagea
or incruating cartilagea are the cartilages which
invest the articular extremities of bones.

  DIARTHRO'SIS, from  Stap&pou,  (iia,  and
uptipou).) ' I  articulate.'   Dearticula'tio, Proear-
thro'eie, Aparthro'eie, Abarticula'tio, Coarticula'-
tio, Perarticttla'tio, Rota'tio, (¥.) Emboiture.   A
movable articulation.  One which permits the
bones to move freely on each other in every di-
rection, as in the case of  the shoulder joint.
  DIASATYR'ION, from ita, and oanptov, 'the
orchis  maacula.'   An  electuary, of  which this
plant formed the basis. [?]—Myrepsus.  The an-
cients attributed to it the faculty of exciting the
organs of generation.
  DIASCINCI ANTIDOTUS, Mithridate.
  DIASCOR'DIUM, from iia,  and  oKopiiov, 'the
water germander.'  An electuary, so called be-
cause this  plant entered into  its  composition.
The Parisian codex had  a formula for its prepa-
ration, under the title. Eieetua'rium opia'tum as-
trin'gens seu diascor'dium.  (R. fol. scord. §iss,
roaar. rubr., bistort, rad., gentiana, tormentilla,
eem. berber. aa. ^ss, zingib., piper,  long, aa gij,
caaaia  lignea, cinnamom., dictamn.  Cretens., aty-
rac. calamit., galban., gum. acacia aa jfss, bol.
oriental, prapar. ^ij, extract, vinoe. opii. ^'j, me'-
voaat. prap.  tbij, vin. hiapan.  Ibss: fiat electua-
rium.)   In place of tbe atyrax calamita, the bal-
sam of tolu or benjamin may be used.  The opium
is, in this preparation, in the proportion of 1  to
184.  The  diascordium is employed in diarrhcea
and dysentery, as a tonic, stomachic,  and astrin-
gent.  The common dose is from a scruple to a
drachm  and a half.  See Pulvis cretas  com-
positus.
  DIASOSTIC, Prophylactic.
  DIASPASIS, Divulsio.
  DIASPER'MATON,  from  iia,  and  otttppa,
otTtppiiros.  The ancient name of two cataplasms,
composed of  seeds.—Galen, Paulus.
  DIASPHYX'IS, from iia, and o<pvt,u>, ' I strike,
I  beat,' Pulse.  Also,   a  violent  beat of the
pulse.
  DIASTAL'TIC,  Diastal ticus;  from  iia,
'through,' and  ortXXw, 'I send.'  An epithet ap-
plied by Dr. Marshall Hall to the reflex or excito-
motory  system of nerves; because the actions
they induce are performed ' through' the spinal
marrow as their essential centre.
  DIASTALTICUS, Diastolic
  DIASTASiE'MIA, (F.) DiaataaSmie, from iiao-
raois, ' separation,' and 'aipa, ' blood.'  A patho-
logical  condition, characterized  by a separation
of the elements of the blood globules ;—the fibrin
and albumen separating  also from  the colouring
matter,  whilst  the  fibrin attaches  itself to the
valves of the heart.—Delafore.
  DIASTASE.  Same etymon as Diastasis.   A
vegetable principle, allied in  its general proper-
ties to gluten, which appears in  the germination
of barley and other seeds,  and, by its presence,
converts the starch into sugar and gum.
  DIASTASEMIE, Diastasaemia.
  DIASTASIS, from iia, and tornpt, 'to place,'
'separation,'  'distance.'  Diaate'ma, Diaaiden'tia.
A separation of bones,  and particularly of the
bones of the cranium, from each other; of the
radius  from the ulna, and  the  fibula from the
tibia.  The ancients used this word to designate
the  three  dimensions of  tho  body, — length,
b-eadth, and thickness; for the interval separat-
>» % the patient  from the physician j the  swelling
 of varicose veins; the time at which some change
 occurred in disease, Ac.
   DIASTEMA,  Diastasis, Interstice.
   DIASTEMATELYT'RIA, from itaornpa, 'in-
 terstice,' and tXvrpov, 'vagina.'  An organic de-
 viation, characterized by a longitudinal division
 or fissure of the vagina.—Breschet
   DIASTEMATENCEPHA'LIA,  from itarrnpa,
 and tyxtepaXos, 'the brain.' An organic deviation,
 consisting in a longitudinal division of the brain.
 —Breschet.
   DIASTEMA'TIA, from iiaornna.  A term em-
 ployed  by Breschet for an organic deviation,
 characterized by tbe presence of a fissure in the
 mesial line of  the body.
   DIASTEMATOCAU'LIA, from itaornpa, and
 KavXos, ' trunk.'  An organic  deviation,  charac-
 terized by a longitudinal division of the trunk.
   DIASTEMATOCHEI'LIA, from itaornpa, and
 XdXos, 'the  lip.'  An organic deviation, consist-
 ing in a longitudinal  division or fissure of the
 lip.
   DIASTEMATOCRA'NIA, from itaornpa, and
 Kpavtov, 'the cranium.'  An organic deviation,
 consisting in a longitudinal division  of the cra-
 nium.
   DIASTEMATOCYSTIA,  from itaornpa, and
 kvotis. ' bladder.'  An  organic deviation, charac-
 terized by a longitudinal division  of the  urinary
 bladder.
   DIASTEMATOGASTRIA, from itaornua, and
 yaornp, ' the stomach.'  An organic deviation,
 characterized  by a longitudinal division  of the
 stomach.
   DIASTEMATOGLOS'SIA, from itaornpa, and
 yXwooa, ' tongue.'  An  organic deviation, charac-
 terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the
 tongue.
   DIASTEMATOGNATHIA,  from   iiaornpn,
 and yvaOos, 'jaw.'   An organic deviation charac-
 terized by a longitudinal division of the jaw.
   DIASTEMATOMETRIA, from itaornpa, and
 pnrpa,  'womb.'  An organic  deviation, charac-
 terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the
 womb.
   DIASTEMATOPYEL'IA, from itaornua, and
 ttvtXos, 'pelvis.'  An organic  deviation,  charac-
 terized  by a longitudinal division or fissure of
 the pelvis.
   DIASTEMATORA'CIIIA, from itaornpa, and
 paxis,  'spine.'   An organic deviation, characte-
 rized by a longitudinal division  or fissure of the
 spine.
   DIASTEMATORHI'NIA, from itaornpa, and
 ptv, 'the nose.'  An  organic  deviation, characte-
 rized by a longitudinal division of the nose.
   DIASTEMATOSTAPHYL'IA,  from  itaornpa,
 and  oratpvXn,  ' uvula.'   An organic deviation,
 characterized  by a longitudinal division of the
 uvula.
   DIASTEMATOSTERN'IA, from iiaomua, and
 ortpvov,  'the  sternum.'  An organic deviation,
 characterized  by a longitudinal division of the
 sternum.
   DIASTEMENTER'IA,  from   itaornpa,  and
 tvrtpov, 'intestine.'   An  organic deviation, eha
 racterized by  a  longitudinal division of the in-
 testine.
   DIASTOLE,  from iiaort\Xu>,  (ita and ortXXw,
 T send,') 'I  dilate,'  T open.'  Relaxa'tio seu
 Remia'eio cordia et  arteria'rum.  Dilatation of
 the heart and arteries,  when  the blood enters
 their cavities.    It is tha opposite movement to
I 8y8tole, in which the heart and arteries contract 
DIASTOLEUS              295                DIDYMUS
to send forth the blood.   Diaetole and ayatole are,
consequently,  successive  movements.  Diastole,
Motus cordia diaataltictta, occurs simultaneously
in the two ventricles.  The almost inappreciable
time,  which elapses between  the  diastole and
systole  has been  called periaya'tole, and that
which  succeeds  to   the diastole,  peridiaatole.
When we speak of the contraction  or' ayatole  of
the heart, as well as  of its diaatole or dilatation,
we  in ran that  of the ventricles.  This dilatation
is active.
  DIASTOLEUS, Dilator.
  DIAS'TOLIC,   Diaetol'icue, Diaatal tictta;
same etymon.  Belonging to  the diastole  of the
heart—as 'diastolic  impulse of the heart'
  Diastolic Impulse  of the  Heart,  see Im-
pulse, diastolic.
  DIASTOMOTRIS, from iiaeropou,, (ita, and
 aropa, 'mouth.')   'I dilate an aperture.'  Dilat-
 ing instruments, such  as the different kinds  of
 specula for the mouth, anus, vagina, Ac.
   DIASTREMMA,  Distortion,  Perversion,
 Sprain.
   DI A STROPHE,  Distortion,  Perversion,
 Sprain.
   DIAT'ASIS, Diaten'eio, from iiarttvoi, (ita,
 and  Ttivot,  T stretch,') 'I distend.'   Teneion.
 The  reduction  of a fracture by extension and
 counter-extension,
   DIATES'SARON, fromc'ia, and rtooapts, 'four.'
 An electuary, into the composition  of which en-
 tered four  medicines;  viz. the  roots of gentian,
 aristolochia rotunda and bay-berriea, each 3jij.
 hojiey roij.  The  whole was  incorporated with
 extract  of juniper.   The diapentea is  nothing
 more than this electuary, mixed with two  ounces
 of ivory ehavinga.   The diotessnron  is tonic," and
 it was formerly employed in  cases of stings and
 bites of venomous animals.   It was regarded as
 emmenagogue, alexiterial, and alexipharmic.
   DIATH'ESIS, from  itandnph (ita, and n617/11,
  'to place,') T dispose.'  Disposition,  constitu-
 tion, affection of the body: predisposition to cer-
 tain diseases rather  than to others;—(F.) Immi-
 nence morbide.  The principal  diatheses, men-
  tioned  by authors, are  the canceroua, acrofuloua,
 scorbutic, rheumatic, gouty and calculous.
   Diathesis   Hemorrhoidals,  see   Haemor-
 rhoids—d.  Hemorrhagic, Hematophilia—d. Ner-
  vosa, Nervous diathesis—d. Purulenta,  see Pyo-
 hsemia—d.  Rheumatic, see   Rheumatic — d.
  Sthenica, Sthenia.
   DIATRAGACANTHUS.   A  powder,  com-
  posed of gum  tragacanth, gij.  gum Arabic, £j and
  {Jij, atarch, £ss, liquorice, .^iij, as much of  the
  seeds of the melon, and white poppy ; eeeda of the
  xater-mdon,  encumber,  and  gourd, and  augar
  eandy S-iij.  It was used as a demulcent
   DIAERESIS, Perforation.
   DIATRIMMA, Chafing.
   DIATRINSANTALON, see Diatrion.
    DIATRI'ON, Diatrlum, from iia, and rptis,
  'three.'  A medicine composed of three ingre-
 dievts.  There were formerly  two kinds.  Tbe
  first was called Diatrlum Pipe'reon ape'eiea, and
  was  formed of black  and long pepper, aniseed,
  thyme,  and ginner.   It was  highly  stimulating.
 The second species was known under the name,
 Diatrinsan'talon,  Diatrlum  Santalo'rum  pulris,
 or "owder of the three Sanders.  They were con-
 sidered diaphoretic.
   DIATRITA'RIL  The Methodists were so
 railed, who pretended to cure all diseases  by
 subjecting the patients  to treatment ever- third
 das.
  DIAT'RITOS.   Relating to every third day,
and the means then used by the Methodists to
cure disease.
  DIAZOMA, Diaphragm.
  DIAZOSMA, Diaphragm.
  DIAZOSTER, from itafavwut, (iia, and (uv.
win, 'to gird,') 'I surround.'  The twelfth ver-
tebra of the back, because it corresponds  to tho
girdle, faornp.
  DIAZOSTRA,  Diaphragm.
  DIBOTHRIUM   LATUM,  Bothriocephalus
latus.
  DICENTRA CANADENSIS, Cory'dalis Ca-
naden'aia,  (its, 'twice,' and  Ktvrpov,  'a  spur.')
Squirrel corn, Colic weed.   Family, Fuinariacea1.
An indigenous  plant, growing  from Maine to
Wisconsin, which flowers in  May, the  flowers
having the  odour of hyacinths.   It has been
given  internally  in syphilis,  and applied exter-
nally in syphilis and gonorrhoea.
  DICEPHALIUM, Bicephalium.
  DICEPH'ALUS, Bieeph'alua,  Derod'ymus  et
lod'ymus,  Janua, from it, 'double,' and KtipaXn,
'head.'  A monster with two heads.
  DICERAS RUDIS,  Ditrachyceras rudis, see
Worms.
  DICHALCON. A weight,  equal to  a third
part of the obolus.
  DICHOPIIY'IA, from iiXa,' double,' and £uw,
' I grow.'  A disease of the hairs, in which they
split and grow forked.
  DICHROMOS, Verbena officinalis.
  DICIATRIA, Medicine, legal.
  DICLIDOSTO'SIS, from iixXts, 'a double
door,' and ootwois, 'ossification.'  Ossification of
valves—as of the heart.
  DICLIS, Valve.
   DICOR'YPIIUS, Dicra'nita, from it,  'double,1
xopvipn, ' the crown of the head.'   A monster with
a double vertex or cranium.
   Dicoryphus Dihypogastrius, Hemipages.
   DICRANUS, Dicoryphus.
   DI'CROTUS, Biafer'iena, from  its, 'twice,' and
 Kportoi, ' I strike.' An epithet given to the pulse,
 when it seems to beat twice as fast as usual.   It
 is  synonymous with the  term rebounding,  the
 artery rebounding after striking,  so  as  to con-
 vey the sensation of  a double pulsation.   It has
 been considered,  and with truth,  to frequently
 foretell hemorrhage.  In bad  cases of typhus,  it
 certainly announces such a tendency.
   DICTAMNE, Dictamnus albus —d. de Crete,
 Origanum dictamnus.
   DICTAM'NUS ALBUS, from Dictamnus,  a
 town  in  Crete;  D. Fraxinel'la, Fraxinella,  F.
 Dictamniia, White Fraxinel'la, Bastard Dittany,
 (¥.)  Dictamne, Fraxinelle.  The fresh root has
 been considered  nervine, anthelmintic, and em-
 menogogue.  It is not used.
   D'ctamn-us Creticus, Origanum dictamnus —
 d. Fraxinella, Dictamnus albus.
   DICTYITIS, Retinitis.
   DICTYON, Rete.
   DIDELPHYS, Dihysteria.
   DIDYMAL'GIA,  from itivpot,  'the testicles,
 and aXyos  ' pain.'  Pain in the testicles.
   DIDYMIS, Epididymis.
   DIDYMITIS, Hernia humoralis.
   DIDYMOS, Gemellus.
   D ID Y M U S, Testicle — d. Symphyogastrius,
 Gastrodidymus — d. Symphyohypogastrius, Hy« 
DIECBOLION              296                  DIET
pogastrodidymus — d. Symphyoperinaeus, Pygo-
rlidymus — d. Symphyothoracogastrius, Thoraco-
pastrodidymus.
  DIECBOL'ION, from ita, and «/3aXXu>, T cast
out.'  A name given, by the ancients, to a remedy
which they believed capable of producing  abor-
tion.                     "
  DIERENBACH, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
Dierenbach is a city in Bavaria, two leagues from
which is a sulphurous spring.
  DIERVIL'LA   TRIF'IDA,  D.  Canaden'aia
sen  lutea,  Bush  honeysuckle.   An  indigenous
plant of the Honeysuckle tribe—Lonicereae. Ord.
Caprifoliaceae— whose  flowers  appear from June
to August   It has been used as a diuretic; and
in gonorrhoea and syphilis.
  DIES, He'mera, A day, (¥.) Jour.   The day
is, properly,  the period during which the solar
light illumines our horizon: but commonly, also,
we designate by the word day the period  of 24
hours or Nycthe'meron, which is  frequently di-
vided into four parts—morning, midday, evening,
and midnight.  In antiquity, great importance
was attached to the  observation of  days in dis-
ease. The medical day is usually  reckoned at
24 hours,—universally, in estimating the duration
of a disease.  In  parts of the United States, it
comprises only the time when the sun is  above
the horizon,  as  regards  the  administration of
medicine, so that if a medicine be ordered to be
taken four times a day, it is understood to mean
during the 12 hours of day.
  Dies Caniculares, see Caniculn—d. Contein-
plabiles, Critical days — d. Contcmplantes, Indi-
cating days—d. Critici, Critical  days—d. Decre-
torii,  Critical  days — d.  Indicantes,  Indicating
days—d. Indicatorii, Indicating days—d. Indices,
Indicating days — d.  Internuntii, Critical days —
d. Judicatorii, Critical days—d. Radicales, Criti-
cal days.
  DIET, Dia'ta, Diate'ma, Victua Ra'tio, (¥.)
Diete.  Originally, this word signified nearly tho
same  thing  as Hygiene and  Regimen,—that is,
Diet was the employment of every thing neces-
sary for the preservation of health and life.  At
the present day, it signifies a particular kind of
food, and, at times, a  privation of food and drink ;
— abstinence.  To put any  one upon diet, (F.)
mettre quelqu'ttn d la diete, means to deprive him
of his usual  nourishment: — milk diet means a
diet of milk, Ac. See Aliment, Dietetics, Hy-
giene, and Regimen.
   Every well regulated hospital has certain diete-
tic regulations.  The following  Table of Dietary
shows the particular regimen that has been se-
lected for the sick, in certain hospitals.
DIET-TABLE  OF  DIFFERENT HOSPITALS  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN, IRELAND,  AND
                                 THE  UNITED  STATES.
     I. ENGLAND.     a

London  Hospitals.

   1. London Hospital.
f	COMMON MET.	MIDDLE MET.	LOW diet.	MILK DIET.
	12 or Bread.			
Per Day.......j	1 pint Porter, Men. J pint do., Women.		8 oe. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.
	Gruel. 8 oz. Beef, with Po-tatoes, thrice a week. 8 oz. Mutton, with	The same, except that 4 oz. of Meat shall be given in-	Gruel.	Gruel.
	Potatoes, twice a week.	stead of 8 oz.	Broth.	1 pint Milk.
				
	8 oz. Potatoes and.			
	Soup,with vegeta-			
	bles,twice a week.			
.	1 pint of Broth.		Gruel or Broth.	1 pint Milk.
				
	2. St	Bartholomew'a Hoapital.		
	COMMON DIET. ! BROTH DIET.		THIN OR FEVER DIET.	MILK DIET.
	Milk Porridge. j		Milk Porridge.	Milk Porridge.
	12 oz. Bread.		12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.
	6 oz. Mutton or Beef.'		1 pint of Milk, with	2 pts. Milk.with Ta-
	1 pint Broth [with Milk Porridge.		Tapioca, Arrow	pioca, Arrow-root
,	Peas or Potatoes, 12 oz. Bread.		root,Sago,orRice,	Sago, or Rice, as
	4 times a week.] 2 pints Broth.		as may be pre-	may be prescribed.
	2 pints Beer, Men.	1 pint Beer.	scribed.	Barlev water.
	1 pint, Women.	1 oz. Butter.	Barley water.	1 oz. Butter.
	1 oz. Butter, twice a			Bread Pudding,
	week.			three times a week,
.				when ordered.
 
DIET
297
DIET
3.  St. Thomas'e Hospital.
Daily.....

Breakfast
Dinner.
Sapper.....  I
2 pints Beer;   14 oz.
  Bread.
Water Gruel.
J lb. of Beef when dress-
  ed, twice a week; 4oz.
  Butter,  or 6  oz. of
  Cheese, thrice a week ;
  J lb. Mutton  when
  boiled, thrice a week.
1 pt. Broth, 4 times n
  week.
12 oz. Bread.

1 pint Milk.
1 pint Milk, 4 times
  a week.
RicePudding, thrice
  a week.
1 pint Milk.
14 oz. Bread, 2 pints
  Beer.
Water  Gruel.
4 oz. Butter, 4 times
  a week; RicePud-
  ding  and  4 oz.
  of Butter, three
  times a week.
12 oz. Bread
  pints Beer.
Water Gruel.
| lb. Beef, for
FEVER DIET.
;  twol
		4. St. George'e Hoapital.				
f	EXTRA DIET.	ORDINARY DIET.	FISH DIET.	FEVER DIET.	BROTH DIET.	MILK DIET.
	12 oz. Bread. | M'en.	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.
		1 pint Beer.		Barley Water		
	|2 pints Beer. , Women. IJ pint Beer.			ad libitum.		
Breakfa8t . •	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Tea.
	Ii pint Milk.	i pint Milk.	i pint Milk.	i pint Milk.	i pint Milk.	i pint Milk.
	12 oz. Meat,					
	roasted		4 oz. of plain	Arrow-root	1 pint Broth	IJ pint Rice.
	(weighed	One-half of	boiled white	&c, must be	6 oz. light	Milk four
	with the bone	the meat al-	fish (as Whi-	specially di-	Pudding.	days.
Dinner.... -j	before it is	lowed for ex-	ting, Plaice,	rected.		
	dressed) four	tra diet.	Flounders, or			J lb. Bread or
	days,—boiled;	J lb. Potatoes.	Haddock.)			Rice Pudding
	three days. J	•				three days.
	lb. Potatoes.					
Supper..... 1 (	1 pint Gruel.	1 pint Gruel.	1 pint Gruel.	1 pint Tea.	1 pint Gruel.	J pint Milk.
	|i pint Milk.	i pint Milk.	i pint Milk.	i pint Milk.	i pint Milk.	
5.  Guy'e  Hoapital.
Daily
It oz. Bread.
IJ oz. Butter.
1 qt. Table Beer.
8 oz. Meat, when
 dressed.
MIDDLE DIET.
LOW BIET.
12 oz. Bread.
IJ oz. Butter.
1 pt. Table Beer.
4 oz. Meat, when
 dressed, and
J pint Broth.
12 oz. Bread.
1 oz. Butter.
Tea and Sugar.
MILK DIET.
12 oz. Bread.
1 oz. Butter.
2 pints Milk.
FEVER DIET.
6 oz. Bread.
1 oz. Butter.
Tea and Sugar.
Half a pound of Beef, (for Beef-tea,) or Arrow-
         root or Sago, when ordered.
For each Diet, Gruel or Barley-water, as required.
		6. Weatminater Hoapital.				
	FULL DIET.	MIDDLE DIET.	LOW DIET.		SPOON, OR FEVER DIET.	INCURABLES' DIET.
			Fixed.	Caaual.		
	14 oz. Bread.	10 oz. Bread.	J lb. Bread.		f lb. Bread.	i lb. Bread. J lb. Meat J lb. Potatoes. i pint Milk. 1 pint Porter.
c	1 pint Milk	1 pint Milk	1 pint Tea,	—	1 pint Tea,	
Breakfast <	Porridge, or	Porridge, or	with Sugar		with Sugar	
-	Rice Gruel.	thin Gruel.	and Milk.		and Milk.	
	J lb. Meat, roasted, boiled,	i lb.' Meat, roasted, boiled,	No fixed Diet for Dinner.	1 pint Broth, or J lb. of	Barley Water.	
Dinner.. •	or chops. f lb. of Pota-toes.	or chops. | lb. of Pota-toes.		Pudding, or Ipt Beef Tea, or a Chop, or Fish.	'	
f	1 pint Milk	1 pint Milk	1 pint Tea,	—	1 pint Tea,	
Supper •. -1	Porridge, or	Porridge, or	with Sugar		with Sugar	
	Rice Gruel.	thin Gruel.	and Milk.		and Milk.	
19 
DIET                  298                  DIET
7. Middleeex Hospital.
	DLETA CARNI8,	DLETA JUSCULI,	DLETA LACTIS,	DLETA SIMPLEX,	
	OR	OR	OR	OR	CANCER DIET.
Daily	MEAT DIET.	SOUP DIET.	MUK DIET.	SIMPLE DIET.	
	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.	6 oz. Bread.	12 oz. Bread.
					J lb Meat.
					J lb. Potatoes.
					1 pint Milk.
Breakfast.	1 jint Milk.	1 pint Milk.	1 pint Milk.	1 pint Barley-water.	
t	Physician's Patients.	1 pint Soup,	J pint of Milk	1 pint Gruel.	
	J lb. of Potatoes, 4 oz.	made with 4	with Rice-pud-		
	dressed meat, (beef or	oz. Beef, alter-	ding, 4 days,		
	mutton,) roast and	nately with 1	and with Bat-		
	boiled alternately, 4	pint of Broth	ter-pudding, 3		
	days.	with Barley.	days.		
Dinner . ■	4 oz. Meat in Soup, 3 days. Surgeon's Patients.				
"	J lb. of Potatoes, 4 oz. dressed meat, (beef or mutton,) roast and				
	boiled alternately.				
(	1 pint Gruel alternately	1 pint Gruel.	J pint Milk or	1 pint Gruel	
Supper . -	with 1 pint of Barley-		1 pint Gruel.	or Barley-wa-	
(	water.			ter.	
8. North London Hospital.
	FULL DIET.	MIDDLE DIET.	LOW DIET.	MILK DIET.
	16 oz. Bread. i pint Milk. J lb. Meat and J lb. Potatoes 4 days. 1 pt Soup or Rice 3 days.	16 oz. Bread. i pint Milk. 1 pint Soup or Rice.	8 oz. Bread. 1 pint Milk. Oatmeal for Gruel.	17 oz. Bread. 2 pints Milk.
9. King's College Hospital.
Breakfast... ■! Supper.....■!	FULL DIET.	MIDDLE DIET.	MILK DIET.	LOW DIET.	FEVER DIET.
	I pint Beer, or J pint Porter. 14 oz. Bread. 1 pt Milk Por-ridge. J lb. Meat J lb. Potatoes. 1 pt. Milk Por-ridge.	14 oz. Bread. 1 pt. Milk Por-ridge. i lb. Meat. J lb. Potatoes. 1 pt. Milk Por-ridge.	1 lb. Bread. 1 pint Milk. 1 pint Milk. 1 pint Gruel.	8 oz. Bread. 1 pint Gruel. 1 pint Broth. 1 pt. Milk Por-ridge.	1 pint Gruel. 2 pints Barley-water. 1 pt. MUk Por-ridge.
10. Dreadnought Hospital Ship,
Breakfast.. • I	FULL DIET.	ORDINARV DIET.	LOW DIET.	MELK DIET.	FEVER DIET.
	1 pint Tea. 1 lb. Bread. I lb. Meat. | lb. Potatoes. 2 pints Beer, (if ordered.) 1 pint Broth.	Ditto. Ditto. J lb. Meat. J lb. Potatoes. 1 pint Beer, (if ordered.) 1 pint Broth or Gruel.	Ditto. J lb. Bread. 1 pint of Beef Tea. 1 pint Gruel or Milk, (if or-dered.	Ditto. 1 lb. Bread. 1 pint Milk. 1 pint Milk.	Ditto. Gruel. Gruel or Bar-ley-water.
 
DIET                 299                 DIET
HOSPITALS.	ORDINARY DIET.	LOW DIET.
Liverpool.	Breakfast.—A pint milk porridge, breaded every morn'g. Dinner.—(1, 5, 7*) —Boiled beef and vegetables.—(2) —Rice, milk, and bread.—(3)—Stewed beef and po-tatoes.—(4)—Pea soup and bread.—(6)—Ale, gruel, and bread. Supper. — A pint of broth and bread on Sunday and Thursday. A pint of milk and bread on the other days. Full Diet. — The same as the ordinary diet.	Consists throughout the day of milk porridge, common batter, or rice, pudding. The ale and' beer are bought.
Bristol.	Breakfast.—On Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Satur-day, milk porridge; Monday, Wednesday, and Fri-day, meat broth; 12 oz. of bread on meat days; 14 oz. on the other days. Dinner.—(1, 3, 5)—Three-fourths of a pound of meat, with vegetables ; two pints of beer daily.—(2, 4, 6, 7) —A pint of gruel or pap. Supper.—A wine pint of gruel of meal broth on Sun-day ; 2 oz. of cheese for the men, one-fourth of an oz. of butter for the women, on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday. Full Diet. — The patients have meat every day.	Breakfaat.—A wine quart of milk'porridge or milk. Dinner. — A wine quart of weak broth. Supper.—The same as breakfast, 14 oz. of bread, and barley-wa-ter for common drink. 20 bushels of malt, 15 lbs. of hops to 14 gals, of strong ale; 21 bush, of malt, and 12 pounds of hops, to 360 gals, of ale; 11 bush, of malt, 7 pounds of hops, to 360 gals, of small beer.
Birmingham. Revised 1819.	Breakfast.—To each man a pint and a half of milk por-ridge, with 4 oz. of bread added to it To each wo-man or child, one pint of milk porridge without bread. To each patient 2 oz. of bread daily. Dinner.—(1, 3, 5)—To each man 8 oz. of baked or boiled meat; to each woman or child, 6 oz. To each patient, 6 oz. of vegetables, and one pint of beer daily.—(2)— To each man, a quart of rice or barley broth, made with a variety of vegetables ; to each woman or child, one pint and a half. —(4)—Twelve ounces of boiled rice or bread pudding. — (6) — Four oz. of boiled or baked meat, a pint of rice or barley broth, made with a variety of vegetables.—(7)—Six oz. of baked rice or bread pudding, or a pint of rice or barley broth, made with a variety of vegetables. Supper.—A pint of broth,, milk porridge, or gruel. Full Diet. — Breakfast the same as in ordinary diet Dinner, 6 oz. of boiled or baked meat, 6 oz. of vege-tables, 6 oz. of baked rice or bread pudding. Supper, I the same as ordinary diet.	Brsakfaat.—The same as ordinary diet. Dinner.—A pint of broth or rice milk, 6 oz. 3f baked rice or bread pudding to each pa-tient every day. Supper. — The same as ordinary diet.
II. SCOTLAND.
Edinburgh.	Breakfast.— One mutchkin of porridge, three gills of milk or beer; or five and one-fourth ounces of fine bread, milk or beer. Dinner. — (1,4) — One chopin of broth, 8 ounces of butcher's meat boiled in the broth, or beef-steak; five and one-fourth ounces of bread.— (2, 5, 7) — A chopin of broth made of beef and bones, barley, groats, pota-toes, and vegetables ; five and a-half ounces of bread. —(3, 6) — Potato soup, with beef and veal, or bones; bread as above. Supper.—As the breakfast each day. Full Diet.—At discretion.	At discretion.
Glasgow.	Breakfast.—Milk porridge, quantity not limited, with half a mutchkin of sweet milk, or one mutchkin of buttermilk or beer. Dinner. — (1) — Broth made of barley, vegetables, and the dripping of the meat roasted during the week, with a quartern loaf to a man, and half to a woman.— (2, 4)—Beef boiled : 8 oz. to the men, and 6 oz. to the women; a quartern loaf to a man, and half to a wo-man,—or vegetables.—(3, 6)—Broth, made with beef, barley, and vegetables; a quartern loaf.to men, and half to women. — (5) — Potato soup, with cow heels, bones, &c. — (7) — Six oz. of cheese to men, 4 oz. to women; bread as above. Supper.—As the breakfast each day. Full Diet.—At discretion.	At discretion.
* The figures in parentheses denote the days of the week. 
DIET             800             DIET
III. IRELAND.
5. Hospitals of House of Industry.	Per diem.—Sixteen oz. of white bread, one quart of new milk, and one quart of buttermilk for whey. Full Diet.—Two ounces of bread per diem, one quart of broth, one quart of new milk.	One pint of flummery per diem, one quart of new milk, and one quart of buttermilk for whey.
Stephen's Hospital.	Breakfast.—Half a pound of bread, one pint of milk. Dinner.—-(1, 2, 3, 5, 7)—One quart of soup, half a pound of bread, or two pounds of potatoes; one pint of milk or beer. — (4, 6)—Twelve oz. of bread, one quart of sweetened gruel.	Daily, half a pound of bread, two quarts of new milk, and one quart of buttermilk. j
Royal Hos-pital, Phoe-nix Park.	Breakfast.—One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel. Dinner.—Half a pound of meat, three-fourths of a pound of bread ; one pound of potatoes. Supper.—One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel. Full Diet. — Three-fourths of a pound of meat, one pound of bread, half a pound of potatoes, one quart of beer.	Breakfast.—Tea. Dinner. — Half a pound of bread made into pa-nada or pudding.
Richmond Hospital.	Breakfast.—One quart of stirabout, one pint of new milk. Dinner.—Bread, 8 oz.; soup, 1 quart. Supper.—Bread, 4 oz.; new milk, one pint Full Diet.—Breakfast, bread, 8 oz.; new milk, one pint. — Dinner, bread, 8 oz.; mutton or beef, 8 oz.— Supper, bread, 4 oz.; new milk, one pint.	Breakfast. — Flummery, one pint; new milk, one pint. Supper.—Half a pound of bread, one pint of milk.
Belfast Hospital.	Breakfast.—One pint of stirabout, one pint of new milk. Dinner.—Half a pound of bread, one pint of new milk. Supper.—One pint of flummery, one pint of new milk. Full Diet.—Breakfast, one quart of stirabout, one pint of new milk.—Dinner, 2 lbs. of potatoes, one pint of milk.—Supper, one pint of flummery, one pint of new milk.	Per diem. — Quarter of a pound of bread, one quart of gruel, three pints of new milk, half a pint of flummery. Barley water at occa-sions.
Cork Fever Hospital.	Breakfast.—One half quartern loaf for every four, and one pint of new milk each. Under 12 years, half a quartern loaf for every eight. Dinner.—(1, 3, 5)—One pound of beef, and two pounds of potatoes. Under 12 years, half a pound of beef, and one pound of potatoes. — (2, 4, 6, 7) — Potatoes and milk. Supper. — One pint of milk and one of stirabout, for adults; half do. for children.	Breakfast. — One - fourth of a lb. of bread, with milk and water sweet-ened. Dinner. — Gruel, broth, wine, and porter, as or-dered by the physician.
IV. UNITED STATES.
r----------- Pennsylva-nia Hospi-tal, Philada.	Breakfast.—Tea, coffee, or chocolate, with sugar or mo-lasses and milk,and common baker's bread at discretion. Dinner.—Soup always; meat of two kinds—mutton and beef, generally—pork frequently; vegetables, accord-ing to the season; potatoes and rice, always. Supper. — Tea and bread: no butter allowed either to breakfast or supper, unless prescribed.	Gruel, gum water, barley water, and other arti-cles prescribed by the physician.
Philadel-phia Hospital, (Blockley.)	House Diet. — Arrow-root, gruel, sago, tapioca, rice, beef tea, beef essence, chicken water, rice water, bar-ley water, gum water, flaxseed tea, lemonade. (The diet on which the sick are placed on entering the house until otherwise directed.) Moderate Diet. — Tea, crackers, broth, rice, mush, milk, potatoes, &c. Full Diet. — Bread, coffee, tea, white meat, mutton, beef, ham, eggs, butter, soup, potatoes, Ac.	The kind and quantity left to the physician. The House Diet may be regarded as low diet
Ney* York Hospital, N. York City.	Breakfast. — Bread and black tea, one ounce of tea to every six, and a pint of milk to every eight patients. Dinner.—Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Satur-days, beef soup, with beef and potatoes, and bread. On Mondays, boiled rice, with one gill of molasses. Supper.—The same as breakfast.	Special diet is directed by the attending phy-sician, and adapted to each case. i
 
DIET  DRINK              301             DIGESTIBLE
«iT  ./P.10' Scale °fthe British Navy allows from
31 to Jo J ounces of dry nutritious  matter daily;
ot which  26 ounces are vegetable, and  the rest
animal —9 ounces  of  salt meat, or 4J ounces of
fresh.
  That  of the  Navy of the  United States  is as
follows -.— Jhrce days in the week — Pork, 16 oz.;
beans or  peas, 7 oz.; biscuit, 14 oz.;  pickles or
cranberries, 1 oz.; sugar, 2 oz.;  tea, i oz.;—40i
oz.   Two daye in the week — Beef, 16  oz.;  flour,
8 oz.; fruit, dried, 4 oz.;  biscuit, 14 oz.;  tea and
sugar,  2i  oz.;  pickles or cranberries, 1 oz. ; —
4?i  oz.    Two days  in the week — Beef,  16 oz.;
rice, 8 oz.;  butter,  2 oz. ; cheese, 2 oz.; biscuit,
14 oz.;  tea and sugar, 2i oz.;  pickles or  cran-
berries,  1 oz.;—45i oz.
  In" the  Edinburgh workhouse  the total allow-
ance of  dry food is  about 17 ounces — 13 ounces
vegetable, and 4 ounces  animal.   In  the Edin-
burgh children's poor-house, the diet consists of
milk  and  porridge, barley broth and  bread,
amounting to 13 ounces  of vegetable  food  to 4
ounces of animal.   These allowances have  been
found ample for the maintenance of health.   Per-
haps the case of the smallest quantity  of food  on
which life was  vigorously supported was that of
Cornaro,—not more than 12 ounces a day, chiefly
of vegetable matter, for a period  of 58 years.
  DIET  DRINK.   A decoction or potion, va-
riously composed, and used in considerable quan-
tity, for  the purpose of purifying the blood.   The
Decoc'tum Luaitun'icum or Liabon Diet-drink  is
 me of the most celebrated.  See Decoctum  Sar-
saparillae  Compositum.
  Diet, Dry.   A diet in which  there is but  a
small or no allowance of fluid.
  DIETARY, TABLE OF, see Diet Scale.
  DIETE, Diet
  DIETET'ICS, Diatet'ice, Diatet'ica, Medici'na
Diatet'iea; same etymon.  (F.) DiStStique.  A
branch of medicine, comprising  the rules to be
followed for preventing, relieving, or curing  dis-
eases by diet.  Dietetics is diet administered ac-
cording  to principle.  It is an important  part of
Hygiene.   A well regulated system of diet has
great power in checking disease, and likewise  in
preventing it.   A proper knowledge of dietetics
is, indeed, as important as that  of the Materia
Medica, strictly so called.
  Dietetics  has  been used, also, synonymously
with Hygiene.
  DIETETIQUE, Dietetics.
  DIETET'ISTS, Diatetis'ta, (¥.) DiStStietea.
Physicians who apply only the  rules of dietetics
to the treatment of disease.
  DIEU-LE-FILT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
The waters of Dieu-le-filt, in France, are chaly-
beate, and much sought after.
  DIEURYSMUS, Dilatation.
  DIEX'ODOS, from iia, and tfrios, 'an  exit or
way out'  Dlodoa.   Any opening by  which an
excretion takes  place.                          I
   DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS, see Diacri-
 tica signa.
   DIFFERENTIATION, Development.
   DIFFICULTAS-  INTESTINORUM, Dysen.
 tery.
   DIFFLATIO, Perspiration.
   DIFFORM1TE, Deformation.
   DIFFU'SIBLE, (stimulants)  from  diffundere,
 (die, and fundere, fusum,  'to  pour,')  'to pour
 apart or abroad.'  Those stimulating medicines
 are  so called, which augment the action of the
 vascular and nervous systems  in an acute  but
 transitory manner.
   DIGAS'TRICUS, from its, 'twice,'and yaornp,
 ' a belly:' Biven'ter,  B. Maxilla, Dep'rimens
 Maxilla  Biven'ter,  Bigas'ter, (¥.) Maatoidohyo-
 genien,   Maato'ido-genien — (Ch.),  Die/astt ique,
 Abaisseur de la machoire infSrieure.  The  name
 Digastricus was formerly given  to  several mus-
 cles. It is now restricted to one of the muscles
 of the superior hyoid region.  The digastricus is
 thick and fleshy at its extremities, thin  and ten-
 dinous at its middle.  It is attached to  the mas-
 toid groove of the temporal bone, and  to a fos-
 sette at  the side  of the symphysis menti.  Its
 tendon passes through an aponeurotic ring, which
 is attached to the os hyoides.
   The use of the digastricus is to depress  the
 lower jaw, or to raise the' os hyoides, and to carry
 it forwards or backwards, as in deglutition.
   The strong double-bellied muscle, which forms
 the gizzard of birds, is also called Digastricus.
   Digastricus Cranii, Occipito-frontalis.
   DIGASTRIQUE, Digastricus.
   DIGENY, see Generation.
   DIGERENTIA, Digestives.
   DIGES'TIBLE, Concoc'tua hab'ilia.  Capable
 of being digested.  All food is  not equally  di-
 gestible, and some of the most important is the
 least so:—the fat of  meat, for example.  -Certain
 substances, again, are entirely rebellious.  The
 following table exhibits the time required for the
 stomachal digestion  of different  alimentary sub-
 stances, in  a well-known case, which  fell  under
 the care of Dr. Beaumont. The table is extracted
 from the Author's  Human Health, Philadelphia,
 1844.  The most  digestible substances are taken
 as the standard, which has been  arbitrarily fixed
 at 1000; and accordingly,  aponeurosis,  the first
 article in  the table,  requiring 3 hours, whilst
 pigs' feet  soused, rice, &c,  require  but  one,  its
 digestibility,  compared with that of  these  ali-
 ments, is placed as 333 to 1000; and so of the
 others.  It need scarcely be said, that all these
 tabular results apply, in  strictness,  to the  indi-
 vidual concerned only;  yet they afford useful
 comparative  views, which  with  exceptions  de-
pending upon individual  peculiarities,  may  be
regarded as approximations applicable  to man-
kind in general. 
DIGESTIFS
302
DIGITAL
Aliments.
:<s 3 I -- ~ so
Form of
prepara-
 tion.
A poueurosis..............boiled
A pples, mellow............raw
 Do.   sour, hard.........j do.
 Do.   sweet, mellow .... | do.
Barley.................boiled
Bass, striped, fresh........broiled
Beans, pod  ...............boiled
                          do.
                         roasted
                          do.
                         broiled
                         boiled
                          do.
 Do.  and green corn
Beef, fresh, lean, rare.....
 Do.  do.  do.  dry.....
 Do.  do.  steak........
 Do  u ith salt only......
 Do. with mustard, &c..
 Do.........   .............fried
 Do. old, hard salted......'boiled
Beets.....................jhoiled
Brains, animal............jboiled
Bread, corn...............baked
  Do,  wheat, fresh.......baked
Bntterf...................melted
Cabbage, head............raw
   Do."   with vinegar--- do.
   Do.....................boiled
Cake, corn................Ibaked
 Do.  sponge.............I  do.
Carrot, orange........... .boiled
Cartilage  ................|  do.
Catfish,  fresh.............Ifried
Cheese, old, strong........I raw
Chicken, full grown.......jfricasseed
Codfish, cured dry.........Jboiled
Corn (grecn)and beans... .jboiled
Custard...................; baked
Duck, domesticated.......'roasted
 Do.  wild...............  do.
Dumpling, apple..........[boiled
Eau
 Do.
 Do.
 Do,
 Do.
 Do.
fresh .............hard  boiled
       do
       do........
       do........
       do........
       do........
F'lounder, fresh ...
Fowls, domestic ..
  Do.     do......
Celatin...........
Goose, wild ......
Heart, animal
Lamb, fresh  .....
Liver, beefs, fresh
sott boiled
fried
roasted
raw
whipped
fried
boiled
roasted
boiled
roasted
fried
boiled
 do.
7. lea
333
500
352
545
500
333
400
200
333
285
333
303
285
250
235
200
571
302
2*5
2r-5
400
500
222
333
400
302
235

285
3i;3
500
260
3i3
250
222
333
285
333
28.j
444
500
000
285
250
250
400
400
250
400
500
Aliments.
Marrow, animal, spinal .
Meat and vegetables ....
Milk...................
 Do.....................
Mutton, fresh...........
  Do.    do...........
  Do     do............
Ovsters, fresh...........
  Do.    do............
  Do.    do............
Parsnips................
Pig. sucking............
Pigs' feet, soused........
Pork, fat and lean......
 Do. recent I v salted.....
 Do.      do...........
 Do.      do...........
 Do.      do...........
 Do.      do...........
Potatoes, Irish..........
  Do.     do...........
  Do.     do...........
Rice....................
Pago..................
Salmon, salted..........
Sausage, fresh..........
Soup, barley............
 Do.  bean.............
 Do.  beef, vegetables, and
       bread...........
 Do.  chicken........
Soup marrow bones.....
 Do. mutton...........
 Do. oyster.............
Suet, beef, fresh.........
 Do. mutton...........
Tapioca................
Tendon, boiled..........
Tripe,  soused...........
Trout, salmon, fresh ....
 Do.    do.............
Turkey, domestic.......
  Do.     do...........
  Do.   wild...........
Turnips, flat............
Veal, frpsh..............
 Do.   do...............
Vegetables  and  meat
       hashed .........
Venison, steak.........
Form of
prepara-
  tion.
boiled
hashed
boiled
raw
roasted
broiled
boiled
raw
roasted
 tewed
boiled
roasted
boiled
roasted
boiled
fried
broiled
raw
stewed
boiled
roasted
baked
boiled
  do.
  do.
broiled
boiled
  do.

  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
  do.
fried
roasted
boiled
roasted
boiled
broiled
fried

warmed
broiled
2
2 15
3 15
3
i
2 55
3 15
3 30
2 30
2 30
I
li.m
  40
5
4
4
3
3
3
3
2
3 20
1
1 45
4
3 20
1 30
3

4
3
4 15
3 30
3 30
5 30
4 30
2
5 30
1
1 30
1 30
2 30
2
2 18
3 30
4
4 30

2 30
1 35
 375
 400
 500
 444.
 307
 333
 3:>:i
 342
 307
 2.-5
 400
 400
1000
 I Ml

 235
 302
 333
 333
 285
 400
 400
1000
 571
 250
 300
 000
 333

 250
 333
 235
 285
 2f5
 181

 500
 181
10U0
 liOli
 006
 400
 511
 435
 285
 250
 222

 400
 031
  * Pigs' feet soused, rice, and tripe soused, being the most digestible articles in the table, are estimated at 1000.
  t In the case of oils, and other substances of similar nature, which undergo little digestion in the stomach
the lime merely indicates the period that elapses before they are sent into the duodenum.
  DIGESTIFS, Digestives.
  DIGESTIO,  Digestion — d.  Depravata,  Dys-
nepsia —d. Difficilis, Dyspepsia — d. Lassa, Dys-
pepsia.
  DIGES'TION, Digeat'io, from digere, 'to dis-
solve;'  Coctin,  C. Cibo'rum,  Pep'eia,  Diges'tive
Proc"eaa.   Digestion is a function, by means of
which alimentary substances, when  introduced
into the digestive canal, undergo different altera-
tions.  The object of this is to convert them into
two parts ;  the  one,  a  reparatory juice, destined
to  renew the perpetual  Waste  occlirring  in the
economy:  the  other, deprived of its  nutritious
properties, to be rejected from the body.   This
function  is  composed of a series of organic ac-
tions, differing according to the particular organi-
zation of the  animal.  In  man they are eight in
number,  viz:  1. Prehension of food.  2. Mastica-.
tion.  3.  Insalivation.  4. Deglutition.  5.  Action
of the stomach.   6. Action of the small intestine.
7. Action of the large intestine.  8. Expulsion of
the faeces.
  Digestion is  also a pharmaceutical  operation,
which consists in treating certain solid substances
with  water,  alcohol, or  other menstruum, at a
slightly elevated temperature, — in a sand-bath,
for example, or by leaving them exposed for some
time to the sun.
  DIGESTIVE, see  Digestives — d.  Principle,
Pepsin—d. Process, Digestion.
  Digestive Texture.  The particular organic
condition of  substances which affects their diges-
tibility.
  Digestive Tube, Canal, alimentary.
  Diges'tives,   Digeatlva,  Digeren'tia;  same
etymon  as Digestion.   (F.)  Digeetife.   A term
given, by  surgeons,  to substances, which, when
applied to a wound  or  ulcer,  promote  suppura-
tion; as  the ceratum  reeiiia,  warm cuiiij'iaxiiis,
fomentation, &c.  Such substances arc vulgarly
termed  drawing.
  DIC'ITAL, Digita'lie;  from  digitus, 'a fin-
ger:' having the shape of  a finger;  .diiftattd.
Belonging to the fingers.
  The Appen'dix vcrmifor'mie caci is sometimes
called Dig"ital Ai'pen'dix. 
DIGITAL  BLANC         3
  Digital Arteries, Yews, and Nerves, are
those distributed to the fingers
  DIGITAL BLANC, Clavaria.
  Digital Cavity, An'cyroid cavity, Cornu de-
sceu'dens ventric'uli latera'lia.  The occipital por-
tion of the lateral ventricle of the brain.
  DIGITAL HUM A IN, Clavaria.
  Digital Impressions, see Impressions Digital,
are the slight depressions observable on the inner
surface of the bones of the cranium, which corre-
spond to the cerebral convolutions.
  DIGITALE_ PETITE, Gratiola officinalis.
  DIGITA'LE.  Same etymon as Digital.  (F.)
Doigtier.    A finger  stall.   The  term  Doigtier
d'Asdrubali has been given to a small iron  in-
strument  used  for  measuring  the dimensions of
the pelvis.   Placed at the end of the index fin-
ger, it adds to its length  and enables it to reach
the promontory of the sacrum.
   DIG1TALINE, see Digitalis.
   DIGITA'LIS, from digitus, 'a  finger,' because
its flower represents a finger ; Digita'lia purpu-
rea, Bac'charis, Bacchar, Baccar, [/] Fox-glove,
 (Sc.) Deadmen'e bells, (Prov.) Flapdnck.  Ord.
 Scrophularineae.  Sex. Syat.  Didynnmia  Angio-
 spermia.   (F.)  Digitale, Gants de notre  dame,
 Doigtier.  The leaves of this plant, which  are
 indigenous  in Great Britain, are powerfully seda-
 tive, diminishing the velocity of  the pulse,  diu-
 retic, and sorbefacient.   In over-doses, Digitalis
 causes vomiting, purging, dimness of sight, ver-
 tigo, delirium,  hiccough, convulsions, and  death :
 —all the  symptoms, in short, which  characterize
 the acro-narcotic class  of poisons.   Its  active
 principle has  been called Dig"italine.   It is a
 hundred-fold stronger than  the most active pre-
 paration of digitalis.
    Digitalis has been  administered in inflamma-
 tory diseases, phthisis, active hemorrhage, drop-
 sy, <fcc.; but although it is a powerful remedy, it
 has not been as much employed as it probably
 would have been  in particular cases, owing to
 the over-strained  eulogiums,  which many have
 parsed upon it in almost all diseases.  The ave-
 rage dose is one grain, in the form of pill, which
 may be repeated every six or eight hours.
    Digitalis Minima, Gratiola officinalis.
    DIGITARIA DACTYLON, Cynodon dactylon.
    DIGITA'TION, Digita'tio, Produc'tio denta'ta,
 Inaer'tio denticiilelta, I. digita'ta,  (¥.) Dentature,
 Dentelure.  A division into processes having the
 form of fingers.  Several muscles, as the eeratl,
 exhibit digitations, similar to those which  the
 fingers form, when held separate.
    DIGITATIONES-  TUBARUM  FALLOPII,
 see Tube, Fallopian.
    DIGIT"IUM.  Desiccation or atrophy of the
 fingers.—Linnaeus.   Sauvages calls the same af-
 fection Paronych'i'it Digil'ium, see Paronychia.
    DIGITORUM TENSOR, Extensor brevis digi-
 torum pedis.
    DIG"ITUS,  Dac'tylos, Finger, (¥.) Doigt.  A
 name given to the prolongations which form  the
 extremity of the hand.   There are five on each
 band: the first, the  thumb,  Anticheir,  Pollex,
 Alius Pollex,   Manna parva  majo'ri  adju'trix,
 Dig"ittt8 primus seu magnua, Pro'inanua,^ (¥.)
 Ponce; the second, the index, Digitize index  seu
 secun'dua  seu  aaluta'ria seu ealuta'riua seu  de-
 monatrato'riue  seu   demonetrati'vue,  Indica'tor,
 Demonstra'tor,  Llchanoa ; the third, D. me'diua
 seu ter'titta seu famo'sus  seu  impudi'cus  seu ob-
 scie'nus seu infa'mis seu verpus, (¥.)  Doigt du
 milieu, middle finger or long finger; the  fourth,
 the ring  finger, Digitus annula'ris,  Param'esos,
 D. quart us  seu medicina'lie seu med'icue seu cor-
dia,  Ialricua,   (¥.)  Annulaire:  and  the little
 finger, Otltea, Dig"itua auricula'ria sen min'imua
»eu parvus  seu quititua seu myopa  seu otltea, (¥.)
3         DILATING  AGENTS
 Auriculaire, Petit doigt.  All of these have three
 phalanges, except the first, which has only two.
   Digitus Annularis, Annular finger — d. Au-
 ricularis, see  Digitus—d. Cordis, see Digitus-—d.
 Demonstrative, see  Digitus — d. Demonstrato-
 rius, see Digitus — d. Fainosus, see  Digitus - d.
 Impudicus, see  Digitus — d. Index,  Index,  see
 Digitus—d. Indicatorius, Index, see Digitus—d,
 Infauiis, see  Digitus — d.  Magnus,  Pollex. see
 Digitus—d. Medicinalis, see  Digitus—d. Medicus,
 see Digitus—d. Medius, see Digitus—d. Minimus,
 see Digitus—d. Myops, see Digitus—d. Obsccenus,
 see Digitus — d. Otites,  see  Digitus — d. Parvus,
 see Digitus.
   Dig"itus  Pedis, Toe, (Sc.)  Tae, (¥.) Orteil.
 The toes  are five in  number, and distinguished
 numerically,  reckoning  from within to without.
 The first  is,  also, called great toe,  tom-toe, (¥.)
 gros orteil;  the fifth, .the little toe, petit orteil.
 They have nearly the same organization as the
 fingers.
   Digitus Primus, Pollex, see Digitus—d. Quar-
 tus, see Digitus—d. Quintus, see Digitus—d. Salu-
 taris, see  Digitus—d. Salutarius, see Digitus—d.
 Salutatorius,   Index — d. Secundus,  Index,  see
 Digitus.
   Digitus Semimor'tuus. 'Half dead finger.'  A
 torpid condition of the  fingers, met  with in con-
 nection with chlorosis,  and cerebro-spinal affec-
 tions.
   Digitus Supernumera'rius, Supernumerary
 finger, (F.) Doigt aurnumSraire.  An occasional
 monstrosity occurs, in which there  are  supernu-
 merary fingers; and at times owing to hereditary
 transmission.
   Digitus Tertius, see Digitus—d. Verpus, see
 Digitus.
   DIGNA'TIIUS, from it,  'double,' and yvaOos,
 'lower jaw.'   A monster having two lower jaws.
 —Gurlt.
   DIGNOTIO, Diagnosis.
   DIHYPOGAS'TRIUS, from it, 'double,'and
 'viroyaarpiov,  'the  hypogastrium.'   A  monster
 whose pelvis, together with  the lower portion  of
 the abdomen, is double.
   DIHYSTE'RIA, Dime'tra, Didelphys, V'terue
 duplex, from it, ' double,'amd 'vanpn, 'uterus.'
 The state in  which there is a double uterus.
   DIJUDICATIO, Crisis.
   DILACERATIO, Laceration.
   D1LATANTS, Dilating agents.
   DILATATEUR,   Dilator — d.  AntSneur dn
 larynx, Crico-thyroid muscle — d. PostSrieur du
 larynx, Crico-arytenoid, posterior.
   DILATATIO  BRONCHIORUM,  Bronchia,
 dilatation  of the—d.  Ventriculi, Gastrectasis—d.
 Intestinorum, Enterectasis.
   DILATA'TION, dilata'tio, from dilatare, dila-
 tatnm,  (latum facere.)  'to enlarge;' Eurys'mus,
 Aneurya'inita, Dieurys'mua.  Augmentation of the
 bulk of a body, occasioned by a separation  of
 some of its molecules.  Caloric has  the property
 of  dilating all bodies.   In Surgery, it means the
 accidental or preternatural  augmentation of a
 canal  or opening; as in aneurisms, varices, <fcc.,
 or  the process of enlarging any aperture or canal.
 When used seas to obtain a view of parts, as by
 the speculum, it is termed Dioptris'mue.
   DILATATOIRE. Dilator.
   DILATATORIUM, Dilator.
   DILATATORIUS. Dilator.
   DILA'TIXG  AGENTS, Dilatan'tia, (¥.) Di-
 latants.   Certain  substances used  in  surgery,
 either to  keep parts  separate which have a ten-
 dency to unite — as after opening an abscess, to
 prevent the  edges of the incision from uniting;
| or to increase and dilate  openings of canals, either
i! when  natural, or formed accidentally or artifiei-
l! ally.   These  agents  differ from each other:  the 
DILATOR               304              DIPHTIIERIA
chief  are—prepared aponge tente, gentian root,
bongiea, aounda, dried peua for issues, &c. •
  DILA'TOR, Dilntato'riue, Diaatoleue, (F.) Di-
lataleur ou Dilatatoire.  A  muscle, whose  office
it is to dilate certain parts; such as the inspira-
tory muscles, which dilate the chest.
  Dilator, Dilatato'rium, (¥.) Difatateur.  An
instrument, used for dilating a wound,  excretory
canal, or other natural or artificial opening. When
employed  to obtain an  inspection  of internal
parts, it is termed Spec'ulum, Diop'tra,  or Diop'-
tron.  There are several instruments of  this  kind,
each taking its name from the part to which it is
applied; as Speculum Oria, S. Nasi, S.  Uteri, <fec.
  Dilator, Arnott's.  A modification  of the old
dilators for strictures of the  urethra.  It consists
of a tube of oiled silk, lined with the thin gut of
some small animal to make it air-tight,  and fixed
on the extremity of a small canula. by which it
is  distended  with air  or water, from  a bag or
syringe at the outer end, whilst a stop-cock or
valve serves  to keep the air or water  in,  when
received.  As  soon as the  bag is  passed within
the stricture  or strictures, as much air is  to be
injected into it as the patient can easily  bear.
The instrument is not much used.
  Dilatatores Alarum Nasi, Compressor Naris.
  DILATRIS  TINCTORIA, Lachnanthes tinc-
toria.
  DILL. Anethum graveolens.
  DILLV, Anthemis cotula.
  DILUEN'TIA, from diluo, (dis, and luere,) 'I
wash away.'   (F.) Delayants.  Medicines which
have been conceived proper for augmenting the
fluidity of  the blood and  other animal liquids.
All aqueous drinks  are diluents.  They are ad-
ministered, with great advantage, in  various dis-
eases.  In fever, water, which is the most familiar
diluent, may be freely allowed; the only precau-
tion being to give it hot in the cold stage, cold in
the hot, and tepid in the sweating.  In  diseases,
where it is considered necessary to  abstract  blood
largely, diluents should not be given too freely.
The  abstraction of blood occasions  activity of
absorption, and the mass is speedily restored. It
is also obvious, that in cases  of inflammation of
the mammae, in nurses,  diluents should not be
freely allowed,  as they increase the secretion of
milk, and add to the irritation.  When demulcenta
are exhibited in cases of urinary disease, they act
simply as diluents: their mucilaginous  portion is
digested in the stomach and small intestine,—
the watery portion alone being  separated by the
kidney.
  DILWEED,  Anthemis cotula.
  DIMETRA,  Dihysteria.
  DINANT, MINERAL WATERS OF. Dinant
is  a small  town,  six leagues from St.  Malo, in
France, where are mineral waters, containing car-
bonate of iron,  chloride of sodium,  Ac.  They are
much esteemed.
  DINGEE, Dengue.
  DIXIC, Antidinic.
  DINKIIOLD, MINERAL WATERS OF.   A
rich  carbonated water, situate near the junction
of the Lahn with the Rhine, in the  duchy of Nas-
sau.   It contains sulphate of soda,  chloride of
sodium, carbonate of soda, sulphate of  lime, car-
bonate of lime, and sulphate of magnesia.
  DINOMANIA, Tarantismus.
  DIN US, Vertigo—d. Scotoma, Scotodynia—d.
Vertigo, Vertigo.
  DIOBOLON. Scruple.
  DIOCRES, Pastil.
  DIODONCEPHALUS,   (F.)  DiodoncSphale,
from  its, 'twice,'  oiovs,  oiovros, 'a  tooth,' and
xtipaXn, ' head.'  A monster with a double range
of teeth, or double jaw.
  0I0D0S, Diexodos.
  DKECESIS, Dispensation.
  DIONCO'SIS", from iia, and oyxos, '& tumour.*
The Methodists applied this na^ne to  a sort of
tumefaction or plethora, occurring either directly
from too great a quantity of fluid  circulating in
the system, or owing to the  retention of sub-
stances  which ought  to be excreted.  It is the
antithesis to symptoaia.  See Intumescence.
  DIONYSIA'NUS, (F.) Dionyaien, from  Aiovv-
oos,' Bacchus,' who is represented by the poets as
wearing horns.  One who has long or  horn-like
excrescences.
  DIONYSIS'CUS, same etymon.   One who has
a long horn-like excrescence on the frontal region.
—Yogel.
  DIOPIITHALMUS, Binbculus.
  DIOPTRA, Speculum, see Dilator.
  DIOPTRISMPS, Dilatation.
  DIOPTRON, Speculum,  see Dilator.
  DIORTHO'SIS,fromiiopStu, 'I make straight.'
The reduction of a fractured or luxated limb.
  DIOSCOREA, (after Dioscorides,) see Yam.
  Diosco'rea Villo'sa,  Wild  Yamroot;  indi-
genous : Order, Dioscoriaceae ; flowering in July.
A decoction of the root has been prescribed in
bilious colic.  It is said to be expectorant, dia-
phoretic, and, in large doses, emetic.
  DIOSCURI, Parotis.
  DIOSMA, D. crenata.
  Dios'ma  Crena'ta, from  iios,  'divine,' and
oopn>  ' odour.'   Baro8'ma  crena'ta, Agathoa'ma
crena'tum,  Bitchit  Leavea,  Dioama (Ph.  U. S.,
1842, Bitchu, 1851), Ducku, Bocchoe, Bocho, Boo-
cho, Buckho,  (¥.) DioamSe  crSnelSe.  Ord. Dios-
mea3.   A South African  plant, the powder  of
whose leaves is used by the Hottentots to perfume
their bodies.   It has  been  employed in chronic
affections of the bladder and urinary  organs  in
general.  It has also been given in cholera.  It
is often adulterated in commerce, by the substitu-
tion of less potent plants of the same  family, as
Diosma serratifo'lia, and Eupleu'rum eerrula'tum.
  Diosma Serratifolia, D. crenata.
  DIOSMEE CRENELEE, Diosma crenata.
  DIOS'PYROS LOTUS, Faba Graca, Itydian
Date Plum, (¥.) Plaqueminier d'Europe.   Ord.
Ebenacese.  This tree grows in some of the south-
ern parts of  Europe.  Its fruit is very astrin-
gent, and has been  recommended  in  dysentery
and hemorrhage.
  Dios'pyros  Virginia'na, Lottie  Virginia'na,
Peraim'mon. A common tree in the middle parts
of  the United  States.  The  fruit, Peraim'mona,
Yellow Pluma, Winter Plums, Seeded Plume, which
is only eatable after frost, (when it  is tolerable,)
is sometimes made into cakes with bran.  These,
being dried in an oven, are kept to make  beer.
When bruised in water, fermentation takes place.
The unripe fruit, Diospy'roa  (Ph. U. S.), is dis-
tressingly acerb and astringent. It has  been used
as an astringent.  The  bark of the tree  is ex-
tremely bitter, and may be used where bitters are
indicated.
  DIO'TA, Dyo'ta, from its, and ovs, teroi, 'ear.'
Two-eared, two-handled.  Applied to   a wooden
cup, lined with a composition of reain, cinnamon,
clovea, and ginger, to give more flavour to beer.  It
was formerly much used in the north of Europe.
  DIPHORUS, Diphrus.
  DIPIIRUS, Dlphorus,  from  its, 'two,' and
<ptpo), ' I carry.' Properly a seat for two. A close
stool.
  Diphrus Maieu'ticus, Sella obstetric"ia.  An
obstetric chair.
  DIPII'RYGES,  from  iis, and tppvyu, «I tor-
refy.'  The oxide of copper, more  or  less pure.
The ancients reckoned three kinds  of diphryges,
which thev used as astringents.
  DIPHTHERIA, Diphtheritis. 
DIPHTHiRITE          305               DIRECTOR
  DIPHTHERITE,  Diphtheritis — d. Buccale,
Stomatitis, pseudomembranous.  *
  DIPHTIIERI'TIS, Diphther'ia,  Diphtherit'ic
Inflammation, Pellicular Inflammation, (¥.) Diplt-
thertte from  ittpOtpa,  'a  membrane.'   A  name
given by M.  Bretonneau  to a  class of diseases,
which  are characterized  by  a tendency  to  the
formation of false membranes ; and affect the der-
moid tissue, — as the mucous  membranes, and
even the skin.
  Diphtheritis of tiie Throat,  Angina pellicu-
laris—d. Trachealis, Cynanche  trachealis.
  DIPLASIASMUS,  Duplication.
  'DIPLOCEPHA'LIA, from  inrXoos,  'double,'
and KtipaXn, ' head.' A monstrosity  characterized
by the presence of two heads on the samo body.
  DIPLECOIA, Double hearing.
  DIP'LOE, from in^Xoia,  'I  double.'  Diplo'aia,
Meditul'lium, Medium Calva'ria Diacri'men. The
cellular structure, which separates the two tables
of the skull from each  other.  The ancients ap-
plied the term, also,  to the proper  coat  of  the
uterus [?]—Roifink, in Castelli.
  The Diploe has the same  use  as tbe cellular
structure of bones in  general.  See Cancelli.
  DIPLOCEN'ESIS, iinXoos, 'double,' and ytvt-
ns, ' generation,' (F.) DiplogSuese.   An organic
deviation,  which consists of the duplication  of
parts.   Monstrosity by duplication.   Duplic"itas
nionstro'sa, constituting double  monsters.
  DIPLOLEPIS  GALL^a  TINCTORLE,  see
 Quercus infectoria.
  DIPLO'MA. Same  etymon as Diploe. A letter
or  writing conferring  some privilege: usually
applied to the document, certifying  that a person
has obtained  the title  of Doctor.  It  was so called
because formerly written on waxed  tables, folded
 together.   Diploma is also used in pharmacy for
 a vessel with double walls,—as a  water-bath.
  DIPLO'PIA, from  inXoos,  ' double,' and oitro-
 pai,  ' I  see.'   Viaua Duplica'tus,  Ditto'pia, Dit-
 top'sia, Amphamphoterodiop'sia, Amphodiplo'pia,
 Ambio'pia, Double  Vision, (¥.) BSvue.  An affec-
 tion of the sight, in which two distinct sensations
 are  produced  by the  same object,  which conse-
 quently seems double. Sometimes more than two
 are seen ; but still the disease is termed Diplo'pia
 mid Sitffu'sio Mult'iplicans. This affection arises
 from some derangement  in  the  visual axes, in
 consequence  of which, the images are not im-
pressed on corresponding parts of  the  retina of
each eye.  At times, the diplopia affects one eye,
or each  eye  when  used  alone, owing to some
irregularity in the curvature, density, or position
of the dioptric media.  It is then called Uniov-
ular Diplopia.
  The diplopia of  both eyes   has  been termed
Amphodiplo'pia and Amphoterodiplo'pia.
  DIPLOSIS, Diploe, Duplication.
  DIPLOSO'MA,  from  inrXoos, 'double,' and
ampa, 'body.'   The D>P'ogoma  crena'ta  is an im-
perfectly  described entozoon,  which has been
passed  from  the urinary  bladder.   It  varies  in
length from four to six or eight inches, and is
thinnest in the middle, where it is bent at  an
acute angle upon itself, so that  the two halves
hang nearly  parallel, and give to it an appear-
ance as  if two worms had been tied together  by
their heads.   It has  been confounded  with  the
Spiroptera hominie.
  DIPLOSOMA'TIA, Diploso'mia,  from inrXoos,
'double,' and oiapa, eoiparos, 'body.'   An organic
deviation, characterized by the presence  of two
complete  bodies, united by one or  more of their
parts.
  DIPNOOS, from its. and won, 'breath.'  Hav-
ing two  vent  holes;  Bieplrue.  An  epithet  ap-  ,
         20
plied  to wounds which pass through a part, and
adinitatho air at both ends.—Galen.
  DIPROSO'PUS, Iriod'ymue et Opod'ymua, from
it, 'double,'  and  -trpoowtTov', 'countenance.'   A
monster having a double face.
  Diproso'pus Di^dce'us, from it, 'double,' and
rrpooumov, 'countenance;' and it, 'double,' and
atiota, 'parts of generation.'  A double monster,
in whom the duplication affects  superiorly  the
face, and inferiorly the anterior pelvic region.—
Barkow.
  Diproso'pus Dihypogas'trius, from it, 'dou-
ble,' and rrpooomov, 'countenance,' and from  it,
'double,' and 'vitoyaorptov,  'the hypogastrium.'
A double monster in whom the duplication affects
superiorly the face, and inferiorly the lower part
of the body, four  iower extremities being  always
present—Tetraa' celue.
  DIPSA, Thirst.
  DIPSACOS, Diabetes.
  DIP'SACUS FULLO'NUM,  Herba  Car'dui
Ven'eria, Car'duua Ven'eria,  (¥.)  Cardlre  cultivS,
Chardon d foulon, Chardon  a bonnetier, has had
similar properties  ascribed to it.  Both have been
also regarded as stomachic.
  Dip'sacus  Sylves'tris,  from  it^a,  'thirst,'
said to be so called, owing to the leaves being so
placed  as  to hold  water.   Cultivated  Teaael,
(¥.)   Cardlre.  Ord.  Dipsacese.   Tbe roots  of
this European plant are diuretic and sudorific.
The  water,  which collects  at the  base  of  the
leaves, ha? been recommended as an eye-wnter.
  DIPSET'ICOS, from it^a, 'thirst.'  (F.) Dip-
aSt'ique.   A  remedy  believed to  be capable  of
exciting thirst.  See Alterative.
  DIPSO'DES, Siliena, Siticulo'aua, (Old Eng.)
Afforat, (Prov.) Thruaty ; from ittpa, 'thirst,' and
tiios,  'resemblance.'   Thirsty.  Causing thirst.
  DIPSOMA'NIA, from ii^ia, 'thirst,' and mania.
Really, 'thirst-mania.'  Often, however, applied to
habitual  drunkenness and  to  delirium tremens.
An insatiable desire for intoxicating liquors.
  DIPSOP'ATHY, Dipaopathi'a, from inla,
'thirst,'  and iraOos, 'disease.'  A mode of treat-
ment, which consists in abstaining from drinks.
  DIPSO'SIS.  Same etymon.   Morbid  thiret.
The  desire for drinking, excessive  or impaired.
A genus  in the class Codiaca, order Enterica, of
Good.
  Dipso'sis  Avens,  Polydypsia — d.  Expers,
Adipsia.
  DIP'TERIX ODORA'TA, Coumarou'na odo-
ra'ta.  The fruit  of  this  large tree of Guiana is
a pod, inclosing a single seed.  The bean, Tonka
bean, has a strong,  agreeable, aromatic odour,
and is used to flavour snuff.
  DI'PYGUS, from it, 'double,'and itvyn,  'nates.'
A double monster, the duplication being confined
to the posterior portion of the lower end of the
trunk—the coccygeal, region.
  DIPYRE'NON, from its, 'twice,' and mipnv,
'a kernel.'  Aepecil'lum or probe with two but-
tons or kernels—one at each end.
  DIPYRITES, Biscuit.
  DIPYROS,  Biscuit.
  DIRCA  PALUS'TRIS, Leatherwood,  Swamp
Leatherwood,  Moosewood,  Swampwood,  Rope-
bark,  Boi8 de plomb, (Canada.)  Ord. Thymelea-
cese.  An indigenous shrub, which grows in boggy
woods and low wet places throughout the United
States.  It is analogous to mezereon in its action
—six or eight grains of the fresh bark producing
violent vomiting,  preceded by a sense of  heat in
the stomach, often followed by purging. Applied
to the skin, the bark vesicates.
  DIRECTOR, Itinera'rium, from  dirigere, di-
rectum, (die, and regere, 'to rule,') 'to direct.'  A
Conductor.   A grooved sound for guiding a knife,
in dividing any part; (F.) ionde cannelSe', 
DIRIBITORIUM            306            DISINFECTION
  Director Penis, Ischio-cavernosu
  DIRIBITORIUM, Mediastinum.
  DIRLING, Tingling.
  DIRT-EATING, Chthonophagia.
  DIRUPTIO, Rhexis.
  DIS, Di.
  DISC,  see Disk.
  DISCEPTUM, Diaphragm.
  DISCHARGE', (dia,  and charge,)  Ec'roe,
Fluxua, Proflu'vium, (¥.) Ecoulemettt.  In patho-
logy, an increased discharge from any part, that
naturally secretes a fluid.
  DISCHROA, Dyschrtea.
  DISCREET', from, diaeernere, diacretum, (die,
and cernere,)  'to separate.'  Discredits, Intertinc'-
tus, Separated,  (¥.)  Discret.  This  epithet is
given to certain exanthemata, in which the spots
or pustules are separated from each other.  It is
opposed to confluent.
  DISCRET, Discreet.
  DISCRE'TA  PURGA'TIO.   The purgation
or expulsion of some particular matter.
  DISCRETIVUS, Diagnostic.
  DISCRETORIUM, Diaphragm.
  DISCRI'MEN, 'Separation,  Division.'  Same
etymon as Discreet.  A bandage, used in bleed-
ing from the frontal vein; so called, because, in
passing along the sagittal suture, it divides  the
head into two equal parts.
  Discrimen  Calvarue  Medium,  Diploe — d.
Narium, Septum N.
  Discrimen Nasi;  a bandage, in  the  form of
the letter X, intended to support  the  nose, in
transverse wounds of the organ.
  Discrimen Thoracis et Ventris, Diaphragm.
  DISCUS PROLIGERUS, Proligerous disc—d.
Vitellinus, Proligerous disc.
  DISCUSSIFS, Discutients.
  DISCUSSIO, Resolution.
  DISCUSSIVA, Discutients.
  DISCUSSORIA. Discutients.
  DISCUTIENTS,  Discutien'tia,  Resolve*'iia,
Discussi'ra, Diacuaao'ria, from discntere, ' to shake
apart, (dis, and quatere, 'to shake.') (F.) Diacue-
aifa, RSaolutifa.   Substances which possess the
power of repelling or resolving tumours.
  DISEASE', old French dSsnise; from die, and
ease: Morbus, Nosoe, Noee'ma, Noaeu'ma, Nusue,
Pathos, Pathe'ma, Lues, Malum, Paaaio, jEgritu'^
do,AZgrotiltio, Vit"ium, Arrhoa'tia, Arrhoate'mu,
Arrhosten'in, Valetu'do adver'ea, Malady,  Com-
plaint, Sickneae, Diatem'per, Ailment, Illness, (¥.)
Maladie. An opposite state  to that of health,
consisting in a change either in the position and
structure of parts, or  in the exercise of one or
more of their functions, or in both.
   By some, Disease is applied to structural change,
whilst Z>i«orrfer is restricted to functional derange-
ment.
   The  following table, essentially that  of Dr. C.
J.  B. Williams,  comprises the chief elements of
structural disease:
' Increased—Hypertrophy,
 Diminished—Atrophy.
             'Inflammation,
 Altered
Mechanism. "
Diseased
Nutrition.
Contraction,
Dilatation,
Obstruction,
Compression,
Displacement,
Rupture, &c.
Induration,
Softening,
Transformation and Degeneration.
' Euplastic,
Deposits.
Perverted... ■
f Cicatrices,
j False membranes,
w Growths.
                 Cirrhosis.
                 Fibro-cartilage,
                 Gray tubercle,
                 Atheroma, <fcc.
                'Yellow tubercle,
                 Calcareous
                   matter, Ac.
                f Cysts,
                < Tumours
                ( Hydatids, <tc.
                f Carcinoma,
Malignant.........-I Encephaloma,
                (. Melanosis, <fec.
Cacoplastic.
Aplastic,
Nonmalignant.
  Disease or Addison, see Capsule, renal — d.
Blue, Cyanopathy—d. of Bright, Kidney, Bright's
Disease of the—d. English, Rachitis—d. Extrin-
sic, External disease—d. Family, see Hereditary
—d. Foul, Syphilis—d.  Fungoid, Encephaloid—.
d. Gastro-enteric,  Gastro-enteritis—d.  Hsemato-
cerebriform, Encephaloid—d. Hereditary, see He-
reditary—d. Pretended, Feigned disease—d. Si-
mulated, Feigned disease—d. Surgical, External
disease.
  DISEASED, Sick.
  DISECOIA. Baryecoia.
  DISFIGURATION, Deformation.
  DISGORGE'MENT,  (F.) DSgorgement,  from
de, and gorge, 'the throat.'  An opposite condi-
tion to that of Engorgement.   The discharge or
abstraction  of a certain quantity of fluid, which
had previously collected in  a part; as Disgorge-
ment of bile.  It also means a vomit.
   DISGUST', from de, and gustare, 'to  taste.'
 Cibi fastid'ium, Aposit'ia,  Asilia,  Apoclelsis,
Abomina'tio, Siccha'eia, Horror Cibo'rum, Loath-
ing.  An aversion for food; (¥.) DSgout.   Dia-
guet is not the same as Anorexia.  The latter is
only a want of appetite;  the former consists in
real repugnance for food.
  DISINFECTANT, Diainfec'tane, from die, and
inficio, infectum, (in and facio,) 'I infect,' (F.)
DSsinfectant.   This term has been restricted by
some  to agents that are capable of neutralizing
morbific effluvia; but the author includes undei
it, also, antiseptics or agents  that are capable of
removing  any incipient or  fully formed  septio
condition  of  the living body, or of  any part
of it.
  DISINFECTING LIQUID, SIR WILLIAM
BURNETT'S, see  Burnett's Disinfecting Liqui*
—d. Liquid,  Labarraque's, Liquor sodae chlcri-
natae—d. Liquid of Ledoyen, see Ledoyen's dis-
infecting liquid.
  DISINFECTION, Disinfec'tio.  Same etymon
(F.) DSainfection.   The act of destroying mias-
mata, with which  the  air,  clothing, Ac, may bo
infected.  Various means have been .proposed fof
this purpose.  Those most commonly  employed
are:  chlorine, sulphuroue and chlorohydric acid
gaaee, vapoura of vinegar, nitroue acid, and what
is,  perhaps, the most manageable of any, and
equally efficacious, chlorinated lime, or any of tbe
chlorides  "of  the alkalies.  It is questionable if
any chemical action occur between these agents
and the miasmata,  whence  results a compound 
DISJUNCTI MORBI
307
DISTILLATION
 which is harmless.  Disinfection also includes
 the action of antiseptics.
   Chlorine  or Oxymuriat'ic Fumiga'tion, Solu'-
 t.'° «'«*'/« :'«GW6iVn„, Fumiga'tio antiloim'-
 tca  Gau bit, Alexite'rium chlo'ricum, Fumiga'tio
 Gitytonien'aia  is  made by adding  common  ealt
 5"h t°  blac}  °x*de of manganeae Sj, aulpkuric
 tictd *j,  and water f^ij.  This  may be carried
 through  an  apartment, or be shut up in it.
   Nitn.ne Fumiga'tion,  Alexite'rium Nitricum,
 Fumiga  tio Smythia'na, may be formed by placing
 nitrate of potaea giv, and sulphuric acid X\\,  in a
 saucer on hot sand.
   DISJUNCTI  MORBI.  (From die,  and jun-
 gere,  jitnctum,  'to  join.')  Disjoined  dieeaaee.
 Fernelius has  thus denominated diseases which
 occupy different organs, and are not produced by
 each other.
   DISK, BLOOD, Globule of the blood —d. In-
 tervertebral, Intervertebral Cartilage—d. Prolige-
 rous, see Proligerous Disk.
   DISLOCATIO LIENIS  SEU  SPLENIS
 Splenectopia.
   DISLOCATION, Luxation.
   DISMAL, Melancholy.
   DISOD'ICUS,  from  its,  'twice,'  and  oios,
 'threshold.'  Having a double opening.
   DISOMATOUS, see Disomus.
   DISO'MUS, (F.) Diaomc, from die, and  eoiua,
 'body.'  A  monster with  two bodies.   Such  a
 monster  is said to be disom'atous.
   DISORDER, see Disease.
   DISORDERED, Sick.
   DISORGANIZATION, Organo'rum destruc-
 tio,  (¥.) DSsorganisation.  A  complete  morbid
 change in the structure of an organ, or even total
 destruction  of its texture.  In  sphacelus  and
 sloughy ulcers, we have examples of this change.
   DISPENSAIRE, Dispensary,  Dispensatory.
   DISPEN'SARY, Dispensa''rium, from  dispen-
 dere, (die, and pendere, penaum,  'to  weigh,') 'to
 take from a weight or mass,' 'to distribute.'  The
 shop or  place in which medicines are prepared.
 Also,  an  institution  in which the poor are  fur-
 nished with advice and necessary medicines. (F.)
' Dispensaire.  This word is also used by the French
 synonymously with Dispensatory.
   DISPENSATION,  Diapenaa'tio,  Dieece'sis,
 Epineme'aia.  Same  etymon.   Tbe  composition
 and  distribution of medicines according to pre-
 scription. In France, it  is more  commonly ap-
 plied to  the weighing,  measuring, and arranging
 of the articles which have  to enter into a formula,
 prior to combining them.
   DISPENSATOR, Apothecary.
   DISPEN'SATORY,  Diapenaato'rium;  same
 etymon.   Anti data! rium, Liber  Pharmaceut'icue,
 (F.)  Dispensaire.  A book which treats of the
 composition  of medicines.  A Dispensatory  dif-
 fers from a Pharmacopoeia, in containing the phy-
sical and  medical history of the various substances;
whilst the Pharmacopoeia is mainly restricted to
the mode of preparing them.  The Pharmacopoeia
too, is published under the authority of, and  by
the members of a college or association; whilst a
Dispensatory contains the whole of the Pharma-
copoeia or Pharmacopoeias, with additions by the
author, under whose authority  alone it usually
appears.   The Pharmacopoeia, in  other words, is
officinal; the  Dispensatory,  generally, private.
Formerly, the. words were  used  indiscriminately.
See Formulary, and Pharmacopoeia.
  DISPLACED, see Percolation.
  DISPLACEMENT, Percolation.
  DISPOSITION, Disposil'io, from die, and po-
nere,positum, 'to putorset.' A particnlarcondition
of the body, which  renders it susceptible of alter-
ing, suddenly, to a state of health or disease;—
of improving, or becoming changed for the worse.
 The  dieposition to phthisis pulmonalis is some-
 times so strong, owing to original conformation,
 that  the  disease will make its appearance,  not-
 withstanding every care.   See Diathesis.
   DISPUTATIO, Thesis.
   DISQUE PROLIGERE, Proligerous Disk.
   DISQUES  INTER VERTEBRAUX, Inter-
 vertebral  cartilages — d. Sanguine,  Globules of
 the blood.
   DISRUP'TIO, from dierumpere, (die, and rum-
 pere,) 'to break off.'  A puncture, which interests
 deep-seated parts.
   DISSECTING ANEURISM, see Aneurism.
   DISSECTIO, Dissection —d. Tendinum, Te-
 notomy.
   DISSECTION, Dieeee'tio, from dissccare, (die,
 and aecare, aectum,  ' to cut,') 'to cut open ;' Diac'-
 ope, Sec'tio Anatom'ica, Practical Anatomy, Ne-
 crotomy.  An operation, by which the different
 parts  of the dead body are exposed, for the pur-
 pose  of studying their arrangement and structure.
 Dissection has received various names, according
 to the organ concerned; — as Oateotomy, Syndea-
 motomy,  Myotomy, Angiotomy, Neurotomy, Dea-
 motomy, &c.
   DISSECTOR,  Proaec'tor, Pro'tomua,  same
 etymon,  (F.) Proaectcur.  A practical anatomist.
 One who prepares  the parts for the anatomical
 lecture.
   DISSEPIMENTUM NARIUM,  Septum na-
 rium—d. Thoracis, Mediastinum.
   DISSEPTUM, Diaphragm.
   DISSERTATION, INAUGURAL, Thesis.
   DISSTDENTIA, Diastasis.
   DISSIPIUM, Diaphragm.
   DISSOLUTIO  SANGUINIS, Hsemateclysis
 —d. Ventriculi, Gastromalacia.
   DISSOLUTION, Diasoltl'tio, Dialysis, from
 diaeolvere, (die, and aolvere, eolutum,) 'to loosen,'
 'to melt.'  This word is  in frequent use, in the
 writings of the humorists.  It is employed, par-
 ticularly, in speaking of the blood,—to designate,
 not its entire decomposition or putrefaction, but
 a  diminution in its consistence.
   DISSOLUTION, Solution.
   DISSOL VANTS, Dissolventia.
   DISSOLVEN'TIA, Solvents, (¥.)  Dieaolvante.
 Same etymon.  Medicines believed to be capable
 of dissolving swellings, concretions, <fcc.  Discu-
 tients, Resolvents.
   DISTAD; from diato,  (di, and ato,)  'to stand
 apart.' Away from a centre.  Towards  the far
 extremity.   In anatomy, used by Dr. Barclay
 adverbially, to signify 'towards the distal aspect'
   DISTAL ASPECT. An aspect of a bone from
 the trunk,  or towards the extremity.—Barclav
   DISTEMPER, Disease.
   DISTEMPERANTIA, Dyscras
   DISTEMPERED, Sick.
   DISTENSIO, Diatasis, Tension, Tetanus — d.
 Nervorum, Convulsion.
   DISTENTION  DE LA  VlSICULE DU
 FIEL, Turgescentia vesicae felleas.
   DISTICHI'ASIS, Diatich'ia, Diatrich'ia, Die-
 trichi'aeie,  Diatoz'chia, Diafcechlasis, from  its,
 ' double,' and onxos, ' a row.'  An increased num-
 ber of eyelashes; some turned towards the eye,
 and irritating the organ;  whilst others preserve
 their natural direction.—Galen, Paulus of ..Egina.
 See Entropion.
   THSTlLLA'TIOS,Deatilla'tio,Stalag'moa,from
 destillare, (de, and atillare,) 'to drop, little by lit-
 tle.' Cataatalag'moe. An operation, by which—by
 the aid of heat and in  close vessels—the volatile
 are separated from the fixed parts of bodies, with
 the view of  collecting the  former,  when con-
densed in  appropriate receivers.  The  ancients
distinguished distillation per latus, per ascen'aum,
and per deacen'aum, according to the direction 
DISTOCIA
308
DIYLISMUS
which the volatilized matters were made to take.  I
la  dietillation  per latua, the  apparatus  is  so  I
arranged, that  the vapour passes  horizontally
through  a  succession of spaces before reaching
the receiver.  Diatillation per aecenaum is the
ordinary method by the still.   In diatillation per
deacenaum,  the fire is applied above and around
the top of the apparatus; and it is  so arranged
that the vapour must pass downwards.  When
dry organic matter is*placed in an apparatus for
distillation, and heat is applied until all volatile
matter is driven out, the process is called dry or
destructive distillation.
  Distillation, Destructive, see Distillation—
d. Dry, see Distillation — d. Per Ascensum, see
Distillation—d. Per Descensum, see Distillation—
d. Per Latus, see Distillation.
  DISTOCIA, Ditoc'ia, from  its,  'twice,' and
 •okos, ' birth.'  Delivery of twins.
  DISTCJCHIA, Distichiasis.
  DIST03CHIASIS, Distichiasis.
  DISTOMA HEPAT'ICUM, Dis'tomum hepal-
ivum, from its,  and aropa, 'mouth,'   Faselola
hepat'ica sen huma'na seu lanceola'ta, Plana'ria
latius'cula,  Gourd-worm, Fluke,  Liver Fluke,
(¥.) Douve, D. du  Foie.  An obovate, flat worm,
an  inch in length,  and nearly an  inch broad;
sometimes found  in the gall-bladder  of  man,
whence it occasionally passes into the intestinal
canal.  It is one  of the most  common varieties
of worms, infesting the livers of the sheep, goat,
ox, stag, fallow-deer,  horse, ass,  hog,- hare, Ac.
The treatment is  like that  required for  other
worms.  Distoma  seu Distomum lanceola'tum,
a different species, has been found in the biliary
dui-ts of man,—and of different phytivorous mam-
malia.—Mehliss.
   Distoma Oc'uli  Huma'ni,  Dis'tomum  oc'uli
huma'ui.   A parasite once observed in the eye of
a child who had suffered from  lenticular cataract.
 —Gescheidt.
   DISTOMUM HAEMATOBIUM, see Worms —
 d. Hepaticum, Distoma hepaticum.
   DISTORSIO, Distortion,  Sprain,  Strabismus
—d. Oris,  Canine laugh.
   DISTORTION, Distor'sio,  Intor'sio, from die-
 torquere, (die,  and  torquere,  tortum,)  'to  wrest
 aside.'   Diaetrem'ma, Dias'trophe, Ligya'ma, (F.)
 Distoraion.  Usually applied to the  preternatural
 curvature  of a  bone; as dietortion of the  epine,
 limbs, Ac.  It  signifies, also,  a morbid state of
 the muscles of the eye, constituting squinting or
 strabismus.
   DISTORTOR ORIS, Zygomaticus major.
   DISTRIBUTORS  LACTEA  THORACICA,
 Thoracic duct.
   DISTRICHIA, Distichiasis.
   DISTRICHIASIS, Distichiasis.
   DISTRIX, from  iis, 'double,' and V?, 'the
 hair.'  Trichio'sie distrix, Fieeu'ra capillo'rum.
 Hairs of the scalp, weak, slender, and splitting at
 their extremities.
   DITOCIA, Distocia.
   DITRACHYCERAS, from its,  ' two,' rpaXvs,
 'rough,' and Ktpas, 'horn.'  A genus of intestinal
 worms. The Ditrachyc'eras rudis, Dic'erae rudie,
 (¥.)  Bicorne rude.   This fancied  entozoon  was
 first observed in the evacuations of a female, by
 M. Sultzer, of Strasburg.  It is of a fawn colour,
 from 3 to  5 lines  in length, with an oval head,
 flattened and terminating in a point posteriorly ;
 contained in a membranous  sac, and furnished
 anteriorly, with a  bifurcated, rugous horn.  Laen-
 nec considers it a vesicular worm or hydatid.  Ac-
 cording to Von Siebold, there is  no such ento-
 r.oon.   The undigested seed  of the mulberry,
 which  had been eaten, was mistaken tut ifa
    DITTANDER, Lepidium sativam.
    DITTANY,  Cunila Mariana — d. American,
Cunila Mariana—d. Bastard, Dictamnus albus—
d. of Crete, Origanum dictamnus—d. Mountain,
Cunila Mariana.
  DITTECOIA, Double hearing.
  DITTOPIA, Diplopia.
  DITTOPSIA, Diplopia.
  DIURESLESTH E'SIS, Diureticoasthe'sis,
 Ureeiasthe'sis; from iiovpttv, 'to pass the urine,'
and  aiodneis, 'feeling.'   The desire or want to
pass the urine.
  DIURE'SIS,  Diurism, from ita, 'through or
by,' and ovptta, ' I pass  the urine.'  (F.) Diurlse.
An abundant excretion of urine.
  DIURET'IC,  Diuret'ictte,  Ischuret'ic,   same
etymon;  Urelicue,  Urina'lie.  (¥.)  DiurStique.
A medicine which has the property of increasing
the secretion of urine.   Diuretics act by produc-
ing a  discharge  of the watery and  other  parts
of the blood; and, by  such  discharge, indirectly
promote absorption over the whole system. Hence,
they are employed in dropsy.   The following are
 the chief  Diuretics: — Cantharis; Cantharis Vit-
tata; Potassae Acetas; Potassa? Liquor; Cahinca;
Colchici Radix; Colchici Semen; Digitalis;  Dios-
 ma Crenata;  Juniperus;  Oleum Terebinthinse;
 Potassae Nitras; Potassae Bitartras; Scilla;  Sodsa
 Sales, and Spiritus iEtheris  Nitrici.
   DIURETICA, Arnica Montana.
   DIURETICO-JESTHESIS, Diuresiaesthesis.
   DIURISM, Diuresis.
   DIVARICATIO, Ectropion.
   DIVERSORIUM CHYLI,Reeeptaculum  chvli.
   DIVERTICULA  SPIRITUUM  ANIMA-
 LIT.M, Ganglions, nervous.
   DIVERTICULUM,  Devertic'ulum.   (¥.) Di-
 verticule.   'A turning;' from divertere, (di, and
 vertere,) 'to  turn  aside.'  A blind tube branch-
 ing out of the course *of a longer one.  An  organ
 which is capable of receiving  an unusual  quan-
 tity of blood, when the circulation is obstructed
 or modified elsewhere, is said to act as a diverti-
 culum, Also, a.malformation or diseased appear-
 ance of a part, in which it passes out of its regu-
 lar course.   It is sometimes applied  to such a
 condition of the alimentary canal.  Also, a hole
 to get out at.  A by-passage.  See Ectrope.
   Diverticulum Nuc'kii.  The opening through
 which the round ligaments of the uterus pass. —
 Parr.
   Diverticulum Pharyngis, Pbaryngocele.
   DIVI'DING, Div'idene, from dividere, divieum,
 (di or die, and the Hetruscan verb iduo, 'to part
 or portion.')   (F.) Divisif.  That which divides
 or separates.
   Dividing  Bandage,  Fas'cia. div'idens, (F.)
 Bandage divisif, is a bandage employed for the
 purpose of keeping parts  separated from each
 other.  It is used particularly to prevent improper
 union; as in cases of burns of the neck or other
 parts.
   DIVINATIO, Mantia.
   DIVISIF, Dividing.
   DIVISION, Divis'io, Dia'reeie. Same etymon.
 The accidental separation of  parts  naturally
 united; in  other words, a wound or solution of
 continuity.  Most frequently, however, it  means
 an  operation, which consists  in cutting certain
 parts, with the view of fulfilling some therapeu-
 tical indication.
   DIVUL'SIO, Dias'paeie, from divellere, (die,
 and vellere, vuleum,) ' to  pull  asunder.' A term
 used in Surgery, to express the rupture or lacera-
 tion of organs by external violence.
   Divulsio Urin^, Cloudiness  of  urine. — See
 Enaeorema.
   DIXON'S  ANTIBILIOUS PILLS,  Pilula
 antibiliosae.
   DIYLISIS, Colatio.
   DIYLISMUS, Colatio. 
DIZZINESS               3
  DIZZINESS, Vertigo.
  DIZZY, Vertiginous.
  DOCCIONE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Thk,
»pnng is at Lucca, in Italy.  It is thermal saline.
  DOCH'ME, ioxnn-  A measure of the Greeks,
equal to  about four fingers' breadth: Dactulo-
doch'me.
  DOCIMA'SIA,  Docimas'tice, Docimasiolof'ia,
from ioKiua^ot,  < I try or prove the quality of any
thing.  The act of assaying.
  Docima'sia  Medicamento'rum et Veneno'-
bum.  The testing of medicines and poisons.
  Docima'sia  Pulmo'num, D.  Pulmona'lis, Pne-
obiomanti'a, Pneuobiomantla, Pneobiomailtica.
Lung proof, Respiration proof.  Different proofs
to which the organs of respiration of  a new-born
child are  subjected,  for the purpose of detecting
whether it has or  has not respired after birth ; in
other words, whether it was born alive or dead;
— Pneusiobiogno'sia, Pneuaiobioa'cope.   These
consist, chiefly, 1. In testing  them with water,
for the purpose of seeing whether the lungs are
specifically heavier or lighter than  that fluid.
This is called Docima'sia Pulmo'num hydrostalica
or the Hydrostatic Test.   If lighter, it would  be
some evidence that the  foetus had respired : 2.
In comparing the  weight  of the lungs with that
 of tbe whole body;  the weight of lungs in which
respiration has taken place being nearly twice as
great.  This  is Docima'aia Pulmo'num Stat'ica,
or Ploucquet's Teat;  and, 3. By measuring  the
circumference of the thorax and lungs; and com-
paring their dimensions with those of an infant
which  has not respired.   That is Daniel'a Teat.
These  tests,  singly, afford  only  probable  evi-
 dence; but when  united,  the deductions may be
more conclusive.
  DOCIMASIOLOGIA, Docimasia.
  DQCK, Rumex—d. Bitter, Rumex  obtusifolius
— d. Bloody,  Rumex sanguineus — d.  Bloody-
veined,  Rumex  sanguineus — d. Blunt-leaved,
Rumex obtusifolius.
  Dock Cresses,  Lapsana.
  Dock, Curled, Rumex crispus—d. Sour,Rumex
acetosus, R. crispus—d. Sour, boreal, Oxyria reni-
'formis — d. Spatter, Nuphar advena — d. Water,
Rumex hydrolapathum—d. Wild, sharp-pointed,
Rumex acutus—d. Yellow, Rumex crispus.
  DOCKEN,  Rumex.
  DOCNA SURA,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
This spring is  in  the Krapach mountains.  The
water contains sulphate of  soda, carbonate  of
soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate of lime, silica,
and iron.
  DOCTEUR, .Doctor, Physician.
  DOCTOR, Med'icua, from doctus, 'learned;'
'un homme qui devrait Stre docte.'  A Physician.
(Sc.) Medcinare, Medicinar.  (F.) Docteur,  MS- I
deem.  Frequently applied to any one who prac-
tises medicine ; although properly confined to him
who  has received his degree of Doctor of Medi-
cine.  See Physician.
  To Doctor is sometimes used, vulgarly, for to
"treat with druss."
  DOCTORS' STUFF, see Medicament.
  DOCTRINA GALLIANA, Craniology—d. So-
teria, Medicina.
  DOCTRINE HOMCEO-ORGANIQUE,  Ho-
moeopathy.
  DOCTRINE, MED'ICAL, Doctri'na Med'ica.
The  principles or positions of  any  medical  sect
or master.  Medicine  has  been too full of doc-
trines.  One of the  first was that of Herodicus
of Selivnea, who  recommended gymnastic exer-
cises  in disease.  The chief founders of doctrines
bave been Hippocrates, Serapion of Alexandria,
Philinus of Cos, Herophilus, Asclepiades, The-
mison of Laodicea, Thessalus of Tralles, Soranus
of Ephesus, Leonides  of Alexandria, Athenasus
9                DOIGT
of Attalia, Archigenes of Apamaea, Agathinus of
Sparta, Galenus,  Paracelsus, John Baptist  van
Helmont, Sylvius de  le Boe, Keill, Bamberger,
Pitcairne, H. Boerhaave, J. D. Stahl, Frederick
Hoffmann, George Baglivi, Cullen,  Darwin, John
Brown, Beddoes,  Girtanner, Reil,  Rush, Rasori,
and Broussais.
   Doctrine, Physiological, Broussaism.
   DODDER, Cuscuta glomerata — d, American,
Cuscuta glomerata—d. of Thyme, Cuscuta  epi-
thymum.
   DODECADACTYLITIS, Duodenitis.
   DODECADACTYLON, Duodenum.
   DODECAPHAR'MACUM, from  Stoitxa,
'twelve,' and tpappaxov, 'a medicine.'  An ancient
name given to  all medicines which consisted of
twelve ingredients. See Apastolorum Unguentum.
   DODECATH'EON, from iioitxa, 'twelve,'  and
n$npi, 'I put.'  An antidote, consisting of twelve
simple substances.—Paulus of JEgina.
   Dodecatheon,  Sanicula—d. Plinii, Pinguicola
vulgaris.
   DODON.EA, Myrica gale.
   DodonjK'a Thunbergia'na.  A shrub  of  the
Nat. Ord. Sapindacea3, which grows  at the Cape
of Good Hope.  A decoction of the root  is used
as a gentle cathartic in fever.
   DODRANS, Spithama.
   DOGCHOAK, Cynanche.
   DOGDAYS, (F.)  Joure Caniculairee.  During
these days,  comprised between the 24th of July
and the 23d of August, the  temperature of the
air in  Europe is generally high and  oppressive.
They have received this name from the dogstar,
Canic'ula, 'Zttptos, Sinus — a very brilliant  star
in the constellation of the great dog, which rises
and sets, at this time, with the sun.  It was  for-
merly believed to be a period particularly unpro-
pitious to health; that it was dangerous to purge
during it; and other phantasies were  indulged in
regard to it.
   DOGGRASS, Triticum repens.
   DOGHIP, see Rosa canina.
   DOGMAT'IC, from the Greek ioypa, ioyparos,
from ioKtw, 'I think.'  Dogmat'icue, (¥.) Dogma-
tique.   The  name of an ancient medical sect; so
called, because its members endeavoured, by  rea-
soning, to discover the essence of diseases  and
their occult causes; whilst the  Empirics, their
rivals,  confined  themselves strictly to  experience;
i. e., to the  observation of facts.  The union of
the two modes of investigation makes  the rational
physician.   These sectarians are likewise called
Dog'matists, and their doctrine Dog'matiam.   The
founders of the sect were Hippocrates, Thessalus,
Draco, and  Polybius; and the most celebrated
of its supporters were Diodes of Carysta,  Praxa-
goras of Cos, Chrysippus  of Soli, Herophilus,
Erasistratns, <fec.
  DOGS' BANE,  Apocynum androsaemifolium—
d. Bane, bitter,  Apocynum androsaainifolium.
   DOGS' GRASS, Triticum repens.
  DOGS' STONES, Orchis mascula.
  DOGSTAR, Canicula.
  DOGTREE, Cornus Florida.
  DOGWOOD, Cornus Florida —d. Blueberried,,
Cornus. sericea — d. Female, Cornus sericea—d
Florid, Cornus Florida—d. Great flowered, Cornuv
Florida—d. Jamaica, Piscidia erythrina—d. New
England,  Cornus  sericea — d. Panicled, Cornus
paniculata — d.  Pond, Cephalanthus occidentalis
—d. Silky-leaved, Cornus sericea.—d. Virginian,
male, Cornus Florida—d. Round-leaved, Cornus
circinata—d. Striped,  Acer  Pennsylvanicuin—d.
Swamp,  Cornus  sericea, Ptelea  trifoliata—d.
White, Cornus paniculata.
  DOIGT,  Digitus — d.  Auriculaire, Auricular
finger — d. Milieu, see Digitus — d.  Petit, see  Di-
gitus—d. SurnumSraire, Digitus supernumerarius. 
DOIGTIER             310                 DORSUM
  DOIGTIER, Digitale,  Digitalis — d. d'Asdru-
kuli, see Digitale.   _,
  DOIGTS PALMES, Dactylion.
  DOITTRIE, see Dementia.
  DOKE. Contusion.
  DOLABRA, Ascia, Doloire.
  DOLIC, Dolichos.
  D0LICH0CEPH'ALJ3 (GENTES); from io-
Xixos, ' long,' and KtipaXn, ' head.'  ' Longheads.'
Nations of men whose  cerebral lobes completely
cover the  cerebellum — as the Kelts,  Germans,,
negroes. &c--  Retzius.
  DOLICHOCEPHA'LIA; same etymon.  Mon-
strosity, in which the head is abnormously long.
  DOL'ICHOS,  from ioXtxos, 'long.'  A genus
of plants  of the leguminous family, (F.)  Dolic,
Doliqne.  It includes a number of species, gene-
rally indigenous in India or America.  The Dol -
ichoe Lablab,  or Lablab,  is  found in  Egypt.
(Prospero Alpini.)  Its fruit is eaten there, like
the  haricot with us.  The Dolichos Sinen'sis, is
eaten in China, and is stored up as a provision
for long voyages.  The Dolichos Tubero'aus, (¥.)
Poia Patate of Martinique, has tuberous roots of
the size of both fists, and has the consistence and
taste of the turnip. The Dol'ichoe Bulbo'atta of
the West Indies resembles the turnip ;—and from
the seeds of the Dolichoe Soja, the Japanese pre-
pare the well-known sauce Soy, which  they term
Sooja.  The most important in medicine is the
   Dol'ichos  Pru'riens, Dolichoe, Stizolo'bium,
Mttcu'na pru'riens, Negre'tia pru'riene, Cowhage,
 Cowitch,  Adaaria  Pala.  Order,  Leguminosae.
(F.) Poia d gratter.  The stiff hairs of the Doli-
chos Pods, called Dolichos Pubee, D. Prurien''tie
pubee, Dolichi Seta Legu'minum,  Lanu'go Sili-
qua hireu'ta, Mucu'na (Ph. U. S.), are the parts
used in medicine.  They excite an intolerable,
prurient sensation, when applied to the skin ; but
do not irritate the mucous membrane over which
they pass,  when administered  internally.  The
Dolichos  is a mechanical  anthelmintic,  and is
useful in  cases of ascarides lumbricoides,  and
 oxyures vermiculares.  Dose, gr,  v to x, of the
pubes, in molasses.
   Mucu'na prttri'ta, a distinct species, but pos-
 sessing similar properties, grows in  the  East
 Indies.
   DOLIQUE, Dolichos.
   DOLOIRE (¥.), Ae'cia, Dola'bra, 'a carpen-
 ter's axe.'  A Bandage en doloire is one in which
 the turns are  so placed, that each one covers two-
 thirds of that which is  immediately beneath it.
 It has received the name Doloire from its repre-
 senting the obliquity of the edge of the instrument
 whose name it bears.  See Bandage.
   DOLOR, Pain—d. Ani, Proctalgia—d. Capitis,
 Cephalalgia—d. Cephalicus, Cephalalgia—d. Co-
■licus,  Colic—d. Crucians faciei,  Neuralgia, facial
 —d. Dentium, Odontalgia—d. Dentium a stridore,
 Haemodia—d. Faciei, Neuralgia, facial—d. Ischi-
 adicus nervosus, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea — d.
 Lenis. Hypodynia—d. Mitis, Hypodynia—d. Ne-
 phreticus, Nephralgia—d. Pectoris externus, Pleu-
 rodynia—d. Pudendorum, Pudendagra—d. Rheu-
 maticus et arthriticus, Rheumatism.
   DOLORES AD  PARTUM, Pains, labour—d.
 Iutestinorum, Colio — d. Parturientis, Pains, la-
 bour—d. Post partum, Pains, after—d. Puerpera-
 rum, Pains, after — d.  Rodentes, Pains, gnawing.
   DOLP,  Nates.
   DOMBEY'A  EXCEL'SA, Arauca'ria  Dom-
 bey'i.   A tree of Chili, which furnishes Dombeya
 turpentine ; a glutinous, milky-looking fluid of a
 strong odour  and taste.
   D.OMES'TIC, Domee'ticue, from  domue, 'a
 house.'  The  term Domestic or Pop'ular Med'i-
 tine, has  been given to  treatises written  for the
 purpose of enabling those who are not of the pro-
fession to treat diseases, which may occur in their
families, without the  necessity  of  calling in a
physician.  The term, likewise,  signifies—Medi-
cine, when thus practised.  It is probable, that
such works have been attended with mischievous
as well as  advantageous results.
  DOMINA'RU.M AQUA. A medicine described
by Myrepsus, which he considered emmenagogue.
  DOMPTE-VENIN, Asclepias vincetoxicum.
  DOMUS LEPROSARIA, Ladrerie.
  DONDO, Albino.
  DONESIS, Agitation.
  DOORWEED, Polygonum.
  DORADILLA, Asplenium ceterach.
  DORCADIZON, Caprizans.
  DOREA, Hemeralops.
  DOREMA AMMONIACUM,  see Ammoniac,
Gum.
  DORMITATIO, Somnolency.
  DORMITIO, Sleep — d. Lucumoriana, see Lu-
cumorianus.
  D ORO NIC, Doronicum pardalianches — d.
d'Allemagne, Arnica montana.
  DORONICUM ARNICA, Arnica montana—d.
Cordatum, D.  Pardalianches — d. • Germanicuui,
Arnica montana—d.  Officinale, D. Pardalianches
—d. Oppositifolium, Arnica montana.
   Doron'icum  Pardalian'ches, D. Roma'num
seu  Corda'tum  seu  Offlcina'le, Roman Leop'ard's
Bane, (F.) Doronic,  Doronique, Mort  aux Pan-
thlres.  The root of this  plant resembles Arnica
Montana  in its properties.
   Doronicum Plantaginis Folio, Arnica mon-
tana—d. Romanum, D. Pardalianches.     ,
   DORSAD, see Dorsal Aspect.
   DORSAL, Doraa'lia, from dorsum, 'the back.'
Notia'ua,  Notal, Tergal.   Relating to  the back
of the body, or of one of its parts;  as the Doraal
vertebra,  nervee, &c.; Doraal artery of the tongue,
peni8, &c; Doraal region of the foot, hand, Ac;
Doraal Consumption, Ac.
   Dorsal Aspect.   An  aspect towards the dor-
sum or backbone. — Barclay.  Dorsad is-used  by
the  same writer adverbially, to  signify ' towards
the  dorsal aspect.'
   DORSAL, LONG, Longissimus  dorsi.
   DORSALIS, Dorsal.
   Dorsa'lis Penis, (Nervus.)   The branch  of
the  internal pudic nerve, which is distributed to
 the  upper part of  the male organ; and to  the
 clitoris of the female.
   DORSCH, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
   DORSE, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
   DOR SO-COSTAL, Serratus  posticus superior
 —d. Lombo-costal,  Serratus posticus inferior—d.
 Lombo-eacro-humSral, Latissitnus dorsi — d. Sus-
 acromien, Trapezius—d. TrachSlon-occipital, Com-
 plexus.
   DORSTENIA BRASILIENSIS, Caa-apia.
   Dorstenia  Contrayer'va,  called  after  Dr.
 Dorsten ;  D. Housto'nii,  Contrayer'va, Drake'na,
 Cype'rus  longue odo'rue seu Perua'nue, Bezoar'-
 dica Radix, Lisbon Contrayer'va, (¥.) Racine de
 Charcia ou de Dracke ou dee Philippinee.  Order,
 Urticeae.   Sex. Syat.  Tetandria  Monogynia.  A
 plant of South America, whose root, Contruyer'ra
 (Ph. U. S.),  is  aromatic,  bitter, and astringent.
 It has beeu given as a tonic, stimulant and sudo
 rific.  Dose, gr. xij to ^ss.
   Dorstenia  Cordifolia, D.  Brasiliensis — d.
 Placentoides, D. Brasiliensis—d. Vitella, D. Bra-
 siliensis.
   DORSUM, Notoe, Noton. The back. Mctaph'-
 renon, Tergum, (Prov.) Rig, (¥.) Dos.   The pos-
 terior part of the trunk, extending from the infe-
 rior and posterior region  of the neck as far as  the
 loins.  The back of the foot, Dorsum pedis, is  the
 upper part of that  organ, opposite  the sole:  the 
DORYCIMUM              311             DRACONTIUM
hack of the hand, Doraum manus, the  part  op-
posed to the palm.  In  the  same sense, we  say
Dorsum penia, Dorsum nasi, for the upper part of
those organs.
  Dorsum, Vertebral column —d. Ephippii,  see
Sella turcica—d. Manus, Opisthenar.
  DORYCIMUM, Costus creticus.
  DOS, Dorsum.
  DOSAGE, Posology.
  DOSE, Dosis, Pra'bium.   The quantity of  any
bubstance,  which ought  to form  part of a com-
pound medicine, or ought to  be exhibited singly,
to produce a desired effect.   Many circumstances
Influence the doses of medicine.  Women require
smaller doses, as a general principle, than men.
 Habit has  a great effect, as  well as climate,  aye,
 and idiosyncrasy ■:  all these, and other circum-
 stances, must be taken into  account; and  every
 general rule on the subject will be found to have
 numerous  exceptions.   Some of  the mechanical
 physicians laid it down  as a rule, that the doses
 of medicines must always be as the square of the
 conatitution!—A matter  not easy of calculation.
   The following Tables will  exhibit an approxi-
 mation to the proper doses (according to age) of
 most substances.

      Table of Doses according to Age.
Let the full dose be
will require
1
2-Sds.
half.
l-3d.
l-4th.
l-6th.
l-8th.
l-12th.
 1 drachm.
 2 scruples.
 I drachm.
 1 scruple.
15 grains.
10 grains.
 8 grains.
 5 grains.
  The  table of doses, according to age, recom-
mended by Dr. Thomas Young, differs  in some
respects from the above.  Either affords a suffi-
cient general approximation.  His rule is, that
  For  children,  under twelve  yeara of  age, the
doaea- of most  medicines must  be diminished in
the proportion of the age to the age increaeed by
twelve :

Thus, at two years, to 1-7th; i. e., l-7th
                                       2 + 12
  At twenty-one the full dose is given.

  Doses, Broken.  When  an agent is given in
small portions it is said to be in broken doses,—
refractis dosibus.
  D0SI0L0GIA, Posology.
  DOSIS, Dose.
  DOSSIL, Bourdonnet.
  DOTAGE, Dementia.
  DOTHIEN, Furunculus.
  DOTHIENENTERIA, Dothinenteritis.
  D0 TH1ENENTERIE, Dothinenteritis.
  DOTHINENTERIA, Dothinenteritis.
  DOTHINENTERI'TIS,  properly Dothienente-
ri'tia, Dothieneuter'ia,  Dothinenter'ia,  Enterltie
pnatiilo'ea, Enterodothie'nia,  Helcenteri'tie, Fol-
lic'ular Gastroenteritis, from  io&mv, 'a pustule,'
and tvrtpov, 'intestine.'  (F.)  DothinentSrite, Do-
thiiientSrie,DothiSneuterie,DothiSnentSrite.  An in-
flammation and  ulceration  of the glands or folli-
cles  of Peyer and Brunner,  which  Bretonneau
considers  to be the essence  of a large class of
fevers, particularly of those of the typhoid cha-
racter.  See Typhus.
  DOTHION, Furunculus.
  DOTTRINA MEDICA  ITALIANA, Contro-
Btimulus, (doctrine of.)
  DOUBLE, Ingluvies.
  DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS, see Conscious-
ness, double.
  DOUBLE-HEARING, Dipleco'ia, Ditteco'ia,
Parucu'8ie duplica'ta seu imperfecta.  The ac-
tion of the one ear unaccordant with that of the
other: sounds heard doubly, and in different tones
or keys.
  DOUBLE-MONSTERS, see Duplication.
  DOUBLE-QUARTE, see Quartan.
  DOUBLE-QUOTIDIENNE, see Quotidian.
  DOUBLE-TIERCE, see Tertian.
  DOUCE-AMERE, Solanum dulcamara.
  DOUCHE (¥.).  In  Italian, doccia: modern
Latin, ducia;  Cataclys'mue,  Douee.  This  term
is applied to  a column of fluid, of a determi-
nate  nature   and  temperature,  let fall  upon
the body.  Pumping  is a variety of the Douche.
In using this  kind of bath, the fluid is directed
upon  the part on which  we are desirous of acting.
The douches deecendantea are those in which the
fluid  falls from a height,—the douches aecendan-
tea, those  administered in diseases of the uterus,
—the douchea horizontalea, where the fluid is im-
pelled horizontally, Ac.  They  may be  cold or
warm, according to circumstances.  The appa-
ratus  consists of a reservoir of water  having a
pipe or plug, by means of which the  water can be
directed  as the  practitioner  may  desire.   The
Douche communicates a considerable and peculiar
shock to  the nervous system; and is one of the
most  successful means  for taming  the  furious
maniac.  It is, also, useful in chronic rheumatism,
stiff joints, Ac.
  Douchea of  air are, also, occasionally used, as
in cases of obstruction of the Eustachian tube by
mucus.,  They  are  sent from an air-press — of
which Deleau  and Kramer have invented one
each—through a catheter introduced through the
nose into  the tube.
  DOULEUR, Pain—d. de C6tS, Pleurodynia—
d. dea Denta, Odontalgia—d. de I Estomac, Cardial-
gia—d. NSvralgique  de  lEatomac, Cardialgia—d.
Pulsative, see  Throbbing.
  DOULEURS, Pains,labour—d. Conquassantts,
see Conquassant.
  DOUNT, Palpitation.
  DOUP, Nates.
  DOUSE, Douche.
  DOUVE,  Distoma  hepaticum — d.  du  Foie,
Distoma hepaticum—d. Petite, Ranunculus flani-
mula.
   DOWN, see Attack.
   DOWP, Nates.
   DOYLE, Strabismus.
   DRACHION, Pugillus.
   DRACHM, Drachma, Dram,  (¥.) Groe.   The
ancient name  of a  piece of money, weighing the
eighth part of an ounce.  At the present day it
is used for this weight.
   DRACO MITIGATUS, Hydrargyri submurias
—d. Sylvestris, Achillea ptarmica.
   DRACOCEPH'ALUM CANARIEN'SE,
D. Moldav'icum, from  ipaxutv, ' a dragon,' and
KtipaXn,  ' head,'  from the shape of  the  corolla,
Alclis'aa  Turcica seu  Canarien'sia, Cedronelln
triphylla, Alpini Balaamum, Turkey or Cana'ry
Balsam, Balm of Gilead  Tree, (¥.) Melisse de
Moldavie.  Ord. Labiatae.  A Turkish and Sibe-
rian  plant, which has  an aromatic taste, joined
with  an agreeable flavour.  It has been used as  a
tonic.
   DRACONTniEMA, see Calamus rotang.
   DRACONTIUM, Dracunculus. See, also, Dm-
contium foetidum.
   Dracon'tium  Fce'tidum,  Dracon'tium,  from
ipaKiav, 'a dragon,'  whose tail the  roots resem
ble,  Icto'dea  fve'tidue,  Symplocar'ptta fue'tidtta,
Pothos foe'tida seu Puto'ii, Arum  America'num 
DRACUNCULUS             312                  DRINK
 beta fo'lio,  Spathye'ma foe'tida, SIcunk-cabbage,
 Fkunk-weed, Polecat-collard, Cow-collard,  Col-
 lard, Itch-weed, Stink-poke, Swamp-cabbage,Pole'-
 cat-weed,  Hellebore,  El'lebore,  Irieh  cabbage.
 Ord. Aroideae or Araceae.  Sex. Syat. Tetrandria
 Monogynia.  This indigenous plant, as some of
 its  names import,  is extremely fetid.  The pro-
 perty on which  its  medical virtues are dependent,
 resides  in a volatile principle, which is impaired
 by  long keeping, especially in powder.  Dose, of
 the dried root,  Dracontium,  (Ph.  U. S.,) ten to
 twenty  grains.   It  resembles asafcetida   and
 other fetid gums in its  properties ; in other words,
 belongs to the class of reputed antispasmodics.
   Dracontium  Angustis'patha,  Symplocar'pue
 Any usti s'path a,  Narrow-apathed Skunk-cabbage,
 is possessed of similar properties.
   DRACUN'CULUS,  diminutive  of ipaKav, 'a
 dragon  or  serpent,' D.  Gor'dius, Dracon'tium,
  Vena Medina Ar'abum, Vena seu Gor'dius Medi-
 nen'sis, Medinogor'dius, Vermic'ulus  Capilla'ris,
 Fila'ria Medineilais seu Guineen'aia, Mal is Dru-
 cttn'culue  seu Gor'dii, Helminthoilcue Medineneie,
 Muscular  Hairworm,   Biehios, Bicho,  Guinea
  Worm  or  Threadworm, (¥.) Dragonneau, Ver de
  Guinie, Ver Filaire,  V.  de  MSdine, V. cutanS,
  Veine ou  Filaire de  MSdine.   A genus of worms,
 frequently met with in  Indian and African climes.
 They are characterized by  a filiform body,  and
 are smooth and nearly of equal thickness through-
 out.  The Guinea worm, when small, insinuates
 itself through  the  cutaneous  pores, and  pene-
 trates into the areolar membrane and between the
 muscles;  especially  between those of the  lower
 limbs,  where it occasions a  tumour like  a boil,
 which subsequently  suppurates, and  the  head of
 the worm appears  and emerges gradually.   The
 head must then be seized, and the worm  be cau-
 tiously  rolled round a  small  cylinder of linen or
 other  substance.  Care  must be taken  not to
 break it, as great pain  and obstinate suppuration
 might be  the consequence.
   Considerable  obscurity rests on this  subject.
 Some even deny that  the cases of Dracunculus,
 on  record, are really those of worms.
   Dracunculus Polyphyllus, Arum dracuncu-
 lus—d.  Pratensis,  Achillea ptarmica.
   DRAGEES,  (¥.)  Almonds or dried preserves,
 covered with white sugar; Sugar-plums.
   DRAGEES DE KEYSER.  A pharmaceuti-
 cal  preparation, formerly much  celebrated in
 syphilis.  It was composed of acetate of mercury,
 manna,  atarch, mucilage and gum tragacanth.
   DRAGMA, Pugillus.
   DRAGMIS, Pugillus.
   DRAGON (¥.), Dragon.   Some authors have
 given this name to  opake spots  on the cornea,
 and to  cataract.
   Dragon Claw, Scaly, Pterospora andromedea
 — d. Green, Arum dracontium — d:  Root,  Arum
 triphyllum, Pterospora andromedea—d. Turnip,
 Arum triphyllum.
   DRAGON'S BLOOD, see Calamus rotang.
   DRA GONNEA U, Dracun culu s.
   DRAINING, Deaicca'tio,  (¥.)  Deaalchement.
 The act of  drawing  off the water  from marshes,
 for the  purpose of  destroying the unhealthy ema-
 nations which proceed from  them.  It is a well
♦known  fact, that from marshes arise certain ema-
 nations  or miasmata, with the nature of which
 we  are,  however, totally unacquainted, but which
 are  the fertile  source of intermittents and other
 diseases.  Draining  the soil  and converting it
 into arable land changes its character, and  the
 malaria ceases to be  given off.  It has happened,
 however, that although in some such situations
 intermittents have  been got rid of, consumptions
 have taken their place.
   DRAITSCH  WATER,  Godesberg, mineral
 waters of.
   DRAKENA, Dorstenia contrayerva.
   DRAM, Melancholic.
   DRAPE A U(¥.), Vexillum, from drap,• cloth.'
 A  bandage,  used in wounds, Ac, of  the nose, to
 keep the dressings in  eitu.   It is composed  of a
 small triangular compress, having two opening*
 at its inferior part, corresponding to those  of tl.e
 nostrils.  It  is  fixed  by means of  a bandage,
 passing from  its superior angle over the head,
| and  another passing  round the  head, under tbe
 orbits, so as to join the first at  the  nape  of the
 neck.  Also, Pterygion.
   DRAP FANON, see Fanon.
   DRASTIC, Drae'ticue, Cenolic, (F.) Draetiqne,
 from  ipatu,  'I operate strongly.'  Active.   An
 epithet given to purgatives, which operate power-
 fully ;  as elaterium, oil of croton, Ac.
   DRAUGHT, Haustns.   A term also applied,
 by nurses,  to the sudden  rush  of blood  to  the
 mammae, occasioned in the mother by the sight,
 or even thought, of her  infant, and which occa-
 sions a greatly-increased secretion of milk.
   Draught, Black, see  Infusum sennae  compo-
 situm.
   DRAWING, see Digestives.
   DRAX, Pugillus.
   DREAM, Somnium—d. Waking, Hallucination.
   DRECHE, Malt.
   DREGISTER, Druggist.
   DRl-XrS, Feculence.
   DRENCH,  (Sax. tsnencean,  'to  soak.')   To
 give liquidphysic by  force.  A liquid medicine,
 given by violence, is called "a drench."
   DREPANOIDES, Falciform.
   DRESS, Vestitus.
   DRESSER, from (F.) dresser, 'to put  right.'
 An hospital assistant, Whose office it is to dress
 wounds, ulcers, Ac.   He corresponds in function
 to the  Ellve externe of the French hospitals.
   DRESSING, Cura, Cura'tio,  (¥.) Pansement.
 Same  etymon.  The  methodical application of
 any  remedy  or apparatus  to a diseased part.
 Also, the remedy or apparatus itself.
   DRIBURG, MINERAL WTATERS OF.   At
 the small town of Driburg, near Pyrmont, in
 Germany, there are nine  springs, which are  rich
 in saline ingredients, iron, and carbonic acid  gas.
 Their action on the ecomony is like that of Pyr-
 mont water.   They contain chloride of sodium,
 :ulphate of magnesia,  sulphate of lime, carbonate
 of lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of iron,
 chloride of calcium, and chloride of magnesium.
   DRIMYPHA'GIA, from iptpvs, 'acrid,' 'aro-
 matic,' and tpuyta, 'I eat,'   An aromatic and  ex-
 citing  diet.
   DRIMYS AVINTERI, Wintera aromatica.
   ijRINK/romSax.tJnencan.Poma.Po'ri'o.Porw*,
 Bev'erage, (¥.) Boisson.  Every liquid introduced
 into the alimentary canal  for the purpose of re-
 pairing the  loss of the fluid parts of the body.
 The necessity  for its use is indicated  by the  sen-
 sation of thirst.  Fluid, taken during  a meal, aids
 in the digestion of the food. Some drinks  are
 exciting and tonic,  as the different  varieties of
 beer, wine,  and  spirits, which we use at table.
 In a therapeutical point of view, drinks are used
 to appease  the thirst which prevails in febrile
 affections, or to act as  diluents in those and other
 cases.
   The  ordinary drinks, according to their chemi-
 cal  composition, are — 1.  Water,  spring  water,
 river water,  well water, Ac.—2. Juices and infu-
 sions of Animal and  Vegetable enbatancea, lemon
 juice, currant juice, whey, tea, coffee, mattee, Ac.
 — 3. Fermented Liquors, wines,  ale,  beer, cider,
 perry. — i.  Spirituous Liquore, brandy, alcohol, 
DRIVELLING             313              DUCKFOOT
ether, kirschwasser, rum,  arack,  gin,  whisky,
ratafia?, cordials, Ac.
  DRIVELLING, Slavering.
  DROAT, Throat.
  DRODDUM, Nates.
  DROGUE, Drug.
  DROGUIER (¥.).   Same etymon as drug.  A
collection of different simple medicinal substances.
A methodical collection of specimens of dru"-s.
  DROGUISTE, Druggist.
  DROICH, Nanus.
  DROIT, Rectus—d. de lAbdomen, Rectus ab-
dominis—d. AntSrieur de la cuiaee, Rectus femoris
— d. AntSrieur de la tSte, Rectus capitis  internus
minor — d. AntSrieur de la  tete, grand,  Rectus
capitis internus major—d. Externe de I'ceil, Rec-
tus externus oculi — d. InfSrieur de I'ceil, Rectus
inferior oculi — d. Interne de la cuisse, Gracilis—
d. Interne  de loeil, Rectus internus oculi — d.
LatSral de la tete,  Rectus capitis lateralis — d.
PostSrieur de la tete, grand, Rectus capitis posti-
cus major—d. PostSrieur de la tete, petit, Rectus
capitis posticus minor—d. SupSrieur, Rectus su-
perior oculi.
  DROP, Gutta — d. Ague, tasteless. Liquor ar-
senicalis—d. Black, Guttae nigrae—d. Red, Ward's,
Bee  Vinum antimonii  tartarizati — d.   Serene,
Amaurosis.
  DROPACISMUS, Depilation.
  DROPAX, Depilatory.
  DROPPED HANDS, see Hands, dropped.
  DROPS,  ABBE  ROUSSEAU'S,  Laudanum
Abbatis Rousseau—d. Anodyne, Liquor morphi-
nas aeetatis—d. Antiscorbutic,  Marsden's, see In-
fusum gentianae compositum — d. Anti-venereal,
Bee Tinctura ferri muriatis — d. Chamomile, see
Anthemis nobilis — d. Dutch, Balsam of sulphur,
Balsam of Turpentine—d. Fit, Spiritus ammoniae
foetidus, see Fuligo — d. Golden, de la Motte's,
Tinctura seu alcohol sulfurico-aethereus ferri—d.
Green's, see Liquor Hydrargyri oxymuriatis—d.
Jesuit's, Tinctura benzoini composita—d. Laven-
der, Spiritus Lavandulae compositus — d. Nitre,
Spiritus aetheris nitrici—d.  Norris's,  see Antimo-
nium tartarizatum—d. Norton's, Liquor Hydrar-
gyri Oxymuriatis — d. Pectoral, Pectoral  drops,
Bateraan's— d. Peppermint, Pastilli de mentha
piperita—d. Soot, see Fuligo — d. Wade's, Tinc-
tura benzoini  composita — d. White, Ward's, see
Hydrargyri nitras.
  Drops, Warburg's. A secret preparation used
in Demarara under  the name of Warburg's Fever
Drops.   See Bebeeru.
  DROPSICAL, Hydropic.
  DROPSIED, Hydropic.
  DROPSY,  Hydrops—d. of the Belly, Ascites—
d. of the Brain, Hydrocephalus.
  Dropsy,  Cardiac.  Hydrops cardlacua,  (¥.)
Hydropiaie  cardiaque.   Dropsy, dependent on
disease of the heart.
  Dropsy  op the  Cellular  Membrane, Ana-
sarca—d. of  the Chest, Hydrothorax—d. of the
Eye, Hydrophthalmia.
  Dropsy, Fibrinous.   Dropsy in  which the
effused fluid contains fibrin.
  Dropsy, General,  Anasarca—d.  of the Head,
Hydrocephalus.
  Dropsy, Hepat'ic,  Hydrope hepat'icue,  (¥.)
Hydropiaie  hSpatique.   Dropsy, dependent on
disease  of the liver.
  Dropsy of the Lachrymal  Sac, Fistula lacry-
malis, Lachrymal hernia—d. of the Pericardium,
Hydropericardium—d. of the Peritoneum, Ascites
—d. of the  Pleura, Hydrothorax.
  Dropsy,  Renal, Hydrope  rena'lie, (¥.)  Hy-
dropiaie rSnale.  Dropsy, dependent on disease of
the kidney.
  Dropsy,  Water of,  Serum of Serous mem-
branes—d  Wind, Emphysema.
  Dropsy of the Womb, Hydrometra.
  DROPWORT, Spiraea filipendula, — d. Hem-
lock, OEnanthe—d. Water, Hemlock, GSnanthe—
d. Western, Gillenia trifoliata.
  DROPYK, Hydrops.
  DROS'ERA ROTUNDIFO'LIA, from ipootpu,
' dewy,' ipooos, ' dew,' the leaf glands exuding  a
clear fluid like dew drops.  Tbe systematic name
of the  Sundew, Ro8 so/is, Droaiobot'anon,  Dro'-
sium,  Rorella, (¥.) Rosaolia,  RosSe  du aoleil,
Herbe d la roaSe.  Ord. 'Droseracete.  This plant
has a  bitter, acrid, and caustic  taste.  It  has
been used ae a rubefacient, and  to destroy warts
and  corns.  It has,  also, been regarded as  a
pectoral.
  DROSI0B0TAN0N,  Drosera rotundifolia.
  DROSISTICON, see Bosa.
  DROSIUM, Drosera rotundifolia.
  DROSOMELI, Fraxinus ornus.
  DROW, Syncope.
  DRUG, Medicamen'tum, (¥.) Drogue.  A name
ordinarily applied to  simple  medicines, but, by
extension, to every substance  employed  in  the
cure of disease.  Manage  derives it from droga,
and this from the Persian tlroa, 'odour;' because
many drugs have a strong odour.  It is, doubt-
less, from the Teutonic trocken,  Sax. sjiigan, ' to
dry.'
  Drug.   To  prescribe  or  administer  drugs.
Most commonly, perhaps, to  dose  to excess with
drugs.   One who so doses is  sometimes  called "a
drugger."  " To drug," also  means to tincture
with some medicinal article.
  Drug Disease.  A  morbid  condition, which
is—or is presumed to be — caused or kept up by
the administration of drugs.
  Drug-grinder, see  Pulverization — d. Mill,
see Pulverization.
  DRUGGER, Druggist, see Drug.
  DRUGGIST, Drugger, Drugater, (Prov.) Dre-
giater.   Same etymon.  Pharmacopo'la, Materi-
alia'ta, Seplaeia'riue, Pharmacopat'ue,  (¥.) Dro-
guiete.   One who sells drugs.
  DRUGSTER, Druggist.
  DRUM, Melancholic.
  DRUM OF THE EAR, Tympanum.
  DRUM-SIEVE, see Cribration.
  DRUNKENNESS,  Temulentia.
  DRUNKEWORT, Nicotiana  tabacum.
  DRYING, Deaicca'tion, Sicca'tio, Deaicca'tio,
Exsicca'tio, Xeran'aia, Auan'ais, same etymon as
Drug, (F.) Deaaiccation.   Evaporation or removal
of the  superfluous humidity in a body.
  Drying  of  Plants,  Deaicca'tio  herba'rum,
Deaicca'tion of Planta.   Those which  are  very
succulent should be dried quickly.   They must be
spread upon lattice work, covered from the light,
and exposed to the heat of the  sun or to that of
a stove, not exceeding 110°  Fahrenheit.  The
drying of less succulent plants can be effected at
a lower temperature.  Flowere must  be  dried
yery carefully, excluding light.  Seeds are dried
in a place where there  is a free  current of air.
Pulpy fruite may be exposed to a gentle heat in
a stove, which may be gradually elevated.  Roote
may also be dried in the stove: the tuberous re-
quire to be cut in slices.
  DRY NURSE, see Nurse
  DTHOKE, Framboesia.
  DUAL'ITY,  Dnal'itae, from  duo, 'two.'  The
state or quality of being two.
  Duality  of the Mind, or  Brain.   As  the
organ  consists  of  two  hemispheres, they have
been regarded by some as separately  and dis-
tinctly  concerned in the mental and moral mani-
festations.
  DUALM, Syncope.
  DUCKFOOT, see Kyllosis. 
DUCKLEGGED             31
  DUCKLEGGED.  Having short legs like  a
duck.
  DUCKSFDOT, Podophyllum  montanum.
  DUCT,  ALIMENTARY, Canal, alimentary,
Thoracic duct.
  Duct of Bellini, Uriniferous tube.
  Duct,  Nasal, Lachrymal  duct—d.  Pancre-
atic, see Pancreas.
  Duct of Pecquet, Thoracic duct.
  Duct, Vitelline, see Vesicula umbilicalis.
  Duct of Wirsiing, see Pancreas.
  DUCTIO PR.EPUTIf, Masturbation.
  DUCTLESS GLANDS, see Ganglion.
  DUCTOR  CANALICULATUS,  Gorget —d.
Urinas, Ureter.
  DUCTULI RECTI, see Rete  testis.
  DUCTUS, Canal, Meatus—d. Arteriosus, Arte-
rial duct—d. Auris palatinus, Eustachian tube.
  Ductus Bartiiolinia'nus, Bar'tholin's
Duct, (F.) Canal de Bartholin.  The excretory
duct of the sublingual gland.
  Ductus Belliniani,  Uriniferous  tubes
—d. Biliarii, Pori biliarii—d. Billferi, Pori biliarii
— d. Botalli,  Arterial  duct — d. Choledoehus,
Choledoch duct—d. Chyliferus, Thoracic duct—
d. Cibarius, Canal,  alimentary — d. Excretorius,
Excretory duct—d. Ferreini, Ferrein, canal of—d.
Hepaticus, Hepatic duct—d.  Incisivus,  Palatine
duct (anterior) — d. Intestinalis,  Canal, alimen-
tary— d.  Lacteus, Thoracic duct—d. Lacryma-
lis, Lachrymal duct — d. Lacruinalis, Lachrymal
duct—d. Nasalis orbitae, Lachrymal or nasal duct
—d. Nasalo-palatinus, Palatine  duct (anterior)—
d. ad Nasura, Lachrymal or nasal duct — d. Nu-
tritii, Canals, nutritive — d. Oinphalo-mesenteri-
cus, see Vesicula umbilicalis—d. Pancreaticus, see
Pancreas—d. Pecqueti, Thoracic  duct—d. Pneu-
maticus, see Air-bladder — d. Punctorum lacry-
malium, Lachrymal ducts—d. Riviniani, see Sub-
lingual gland—d. Rorifer, Thoracic duct.
  Ductus Saliva'lis Infe'rior, D. Whartonia'-
nus, (¥.) Canal de Warthon.  The excretory duct
of the submaxillary gland.
  Ductus Saliva'lis  Supe'rior, D. Stenonia'-
«(««, Steno's Duct,  (¥.) Canal de Stenon.  The
excretory duct of the parotid gland which opens
into the mouth opposite the second upper molar
tooth.
   Ductus Semi-Circulares  Labyrinthi, Semi-
circular canals—d. Serosi, Lymphatic vessels—d.
Spirales cochleae, Scalae of the  cochlea—d. Ste-
nonianus, Ductus salivalis superior—d. Thora-
cicus, Thoracic  duct—d. Urinae,  Ureter—d. Uri-
narius, Urethra—d. Uriniferi Bellini, Uriniferous
tubes — d. Yaricosi uteri, Tubae Fallopianaj — d.
Venosus,  Canal, venous—d.  Vitellarius, see Ve-
sicula umbilicalis—d. Vitello-intestinalis, see Ve-
sicula umbilicalis — d. Waltheriani, see Sublin-
gual gland—d.  Whartonianus,  Ductus salivalis
inferior—d. Wirsungianus,  see Pancreas.
   DUELECH, Dulech.
   DUEL'LA.   The ancient  name of a weight,
 which was equivalent to eight scruples.
   DUELLUM VENEREUM, Coition.
   DUG,  Nipple.
   DULCAMARA, Solanum dulcamara—d. Flex-
 uosa, Solanum dulcamara.
   DULCEDO AMORIS, Clitoris—d. Sputatorum,
 see Salivation.
   DULECH,  Duelech.  A  term employed  by
 Paracelsus and  Van Helmont to designate a pre-
 tended tartarized substance, which forms  in the
 human body,  and produces acute pain, accompa-
 nied with great danger.
   DULL, Deaf.
   DULSE, Rhodomelapalmata—d. Pepper, Lau-
 rentia pinnatifida.
   DUMB, see Mutitas.
1             DURE-ME-RE
  DUMBNESS, Mutitas.
  DUNBLANE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
The  springs of Dunblane, in  Scotland, contain
sulphate  of  soda, chlorides  of sodium and  cal-
cium, and carbonate of iron.
  DUNG, Fimus — d. Cow's, Fimus Vaccae — d.
Goose, Fimus  anseris — d.  Stone-horse, Fimui
equinus.
  DUNGA, Dengue.
  DUNT, Palpitation.
  DUODE'NAL,  Duodena'lis,  (¥.)  DuodSnal.
Relating or appertaining to the duodenum.
  DUODENI'TIS,  Dodecadactylltia,  (¥.) Duo-
dSnite.  A hybrid term,  from duodenum, and  itie,
denoting inflammation.   Inflammation of  tbe
duodenum, characterized by white tongue, bitter
taste, anorexia, fulness  and tenderness  in  the
region of the duodenum, and often yellowness
of skin, along with  the ordinary  signs  of febrile
irritation.
  DUODE'NUM, from duodeni,  'twelve.'   Ven-
tric'ttlue Sticceiituria'tua, Ec'phyaia seu Appen'dix
seu Proces'sua Ventric'uli, Portoiulrium, Dode-
eadac'tylon, (from itoitKa,  'twelve,' and iaKTvXof,
' a finger.')  The duodenum is the first part of
the intestinal  canal, commencing at  the pylorio
orifice of the  stomach,  and terminating in  the
jejunum. Its  length  is  about  twelve fingers'
breadth,  and as it is only partially covered by the
peritoneum, it is susceptible of considerable dila-
tation; hence its name Ventriculus euccenturiatus.
In the duodenum, chylification takes place after
the admixture of the biliary and pancreatic fluids
with the chyme.
  DUO-STERNAL.  Bgclard thus  names  the
second osseous portion of  the  sternum, which
corresponds to the second intercostal space.
  DUPLICATION,  (duo,  'two,' and plicare,
plicatum, 'to  fold.')   Duplica'tio, Duplic"itas,
Diplasias'miis, Diplo'aia, (¥.) DuplicitS.  A  spe-
cies  of malformation  or monstrosity, character-
ized  by the parts concerned  being doubled.   See
Diplogenesis.
  Duplication of  the  Fcetus, Evolution, spon-
taneous.
  DU'PLICATURE,   Duplicatil ra,   Reflection.
Same etymon.  The  folding  or  reflection  of a
membrane upon itself; as Duplicative or reflec-
tion  of the pleura, peritoneum, Ac.
  DUPLICITAS MONSTROSA, see Diplogene-
sis.
   DUPLICITE, Duplication.
   DUPON'DIUM.  A  weight of four drachms.
—Galen.
   D.UR, Hard.
   DURA  MATER,  Craaaa seu  Dura meninx,
 Sclerome'ninx, Meninx exte'rior seu aclera  seu
 dermato'dea seu pachei'a, of Galen,  Dura  mem-
 bra'na cer'ebrum am'biene,  Cttticula'ria membra'-
 na,  MSninge,  (Ch.)  It  has  been called dura, be-
 cause of its great resistance; and mater, because
 it was believed to  give rise to  every membrane
 of the body.   (F.)  Dure mire, Dure-taye (Paris )
 It is a fibrous, semi-transparent membrane, of a
 pearly-white  colour,  thick, and  very resisting;
 lines the cavity of  the cranium,  and contains the
 spinal marrow: protects  the brain and marrow;
 and, by its various expansions—the falx cerebri,
 tentorium., Ac, — supports the different parts of
 the  cerebral mass.  The largest artery of the dura
 mater is the A. meninga'a me'dia.
   Dura Mater, Lateral Processes of  the,
 Tentorium — d. m. Testis, Albuginea.
   DURATION OF LIFE, see Life—d. of Preg-
 nancy, see Pregnancy.
   DURE-MERE, Dura mater. 
              DURE-TAYE

  DURE-TAYE, Dura mater.
  DUREE.DE LA VIE, see Longevity.
  DURETE  D'OREILLE,  Baryecoia— d.  de
I'Ome, Deafness.
  DURILLON,  Callosity.
  DURUS, Hard.
  DUSTING  BAG.   In pharmacy, a kind  of
Sieve, which consists of a bag made of lawn or
other like material, hung inside of a wide-mouthed
bottle or tin^ canister, to the mouth of which it is
secured.   The powdered substance is put into
tho ba^, and the  mouth being closed  with a cover,
the apparatus is shaken, and the finer particles
pass into the bottle or canister.
  DUTCHMAN'S PIPE, Aristolochia hirsuta.
  DUTROA, Datura stramonium.
  DWALE, COMMON, Atropa belladonna.
  DWARF, Nanus—d. Flag,  Iris  lacustris.
  DWARFISH, see Nanus.
  DWARFISHNESS, Nanosomus.
  DYCTOIDES, Reticular.
  DYERS' BROOM, Genista tinctoria—d. Weed,
Genista tinctoria, Beseda luteola.
  DYNAMETER, Dynamometer.
  DYNAM'IC,  Dynam'ical,  Dynam'icue,  (¥.)
Dynamique.   Same etymon.  In Mechanics, Dy-
nam'ice investigates the powers whereby bodies
are put in motion, and the laws connected there-
with.  In Biology, that which relates to the vital
forces, to the organism  in action,  Vital Dyna-
mice.  The influences of agents on the organism,
which are ascribable  to neither mechanical nor
chemical causes, are sometimes termed dynamic.
In  this sense, it is  a  favorite term  with the ho-
moeopathists, who maintain that, by certain pro-
cesses,  called, in  the  aggregate, dynamiza'tion
and potentlzing, the dynamic powers  of a medi-
cine may be set free and developed—as by shaking
the bottle in which the article is contained, or by
mixing v an  unlimited  number of  unmedicated
globules with  one that is medicated, and shaking
them together.  In this way, the  former become
potent ized !
   Dynamic Diseases,  see Organic.
   DYNAMICS, VITAL, see Dynamic.
   DYNAMICUS, Dynamic.
   DYNAMIS, Faculty, Force.
   DYNAMIZATION,  see Dynamic.
   DYNAMOM'ETER,  Myodynamometer, Myo-
dynamometer, (F.) Dynamomltre,  from ivvapis,
'force,' 'vital  power,'  and ptrpov, 'measure.'   An
instrument, contrived  by M. Regnier, for mea-
suring the comparative muscular strength of man
and animals.  It  consists of a  spring, which,
when pressed  upon, causes a needle  to move upon
a portion of a circle, furnished with  a  scale of
kilogrammes  and  one of myrisigramnies.    To
measure  the  strength  of the hands,  the  two
branches  of the spring are firmly  grasped,  and
brought as near together as  the  force can carry
them.  This effort makes the needle  traverse, arid
indicates,  on the  scale of  kilogrammes,  the
strength of the  experimenter's hands.  A man,
25 or 30 years of age, exerts a force commonly
equal to 50 kilogrammes or 100 pounds.
   The strength  of the  loins  of a man, about 30
years of age, as  indicated by this instrument, is
usually about 30 myriagrammes,  or 265 pounds,
which shows the weight he is capable of raising.
   From experiments made by Peron, in  his voy-
age, on 12 individuals of Van Diemen's Land, 17
of New Holland, 56 of the Island  of Timor, 17
Frenchmen belonging  to the expedition, and 14
Englishmen in the colony of New South Wales,
be  found their comparative  strength, indicated
b? the dynamometer, to be as follows:
315              DYSCRASIA
	strength			
Natives of	of the	arm.	of the	loins.
	Kilog.	lbs.	Myri.	lbs.
1. Van Diemen's Land. 2. New Holland. 3. Timor. 4. France. 5. England.	50.6 50.8 58.7 69."2 71.4	101.2 101.6 117.4 138.4 142.4	10.2 11.6 15.2 15.2	208.08 238.04 310.08 332.52
  Dynamometer  or Dynam'eter,  Medic"inal.
An instrument, invented by Dr. Paris,  for  the
purpose of showing the quantity of active matter
contained in  a given weight or measure  of any
officinal compound, with the dose  of any prepa-
ration, which will be equivalent in strength to a
given quantity of any other of the same class.
The instrument is more ingenious than useful,
  DYNAMOPATHY, Homoeopathy.
  DYOTA, Diota.
  DYS, ivs,  in  composition, 'difficult,  faulty;'
sometimes privative;  mostly answering  to  the
particles die, in, mia, or un, in English.  Hence:
  DYSiE'MIA, from  ivs, 'with  difficulty,' and
'aipa, 'blood.' A morbid condition of the blood.
  DYSESTHESIA, Dyaasthe'sis, from  ivs,
'with difficulty,'  and aiobavopai,  'I feel.'   Ob-
scure, diminished, or even abolished sensation.
  Dysesthesia Auditoria, Cophosis — d. Gus-
tatoria, Ageustia — d. Interna, Amnesia — d. Ol-
factoria, Anosmia.
  Dysesthesia  Visua'lis,  Parop'eie.   Sense
of sight vitiated or lost.
  DYS.&STHESIS, Dysaesthesia.
  DYSANAGO'GOS,  from  ivs, 'with  difficulty,'
and avayia, 'I bring up.'  That which is expecto-
rated with difficulty.  An epithet given,  by tbe
Greek writers, to tho sputa, when expectorated
with difficulty, on account of their viscidity.
  DYSANNARRHOPHE'SIS,Zty«anarr/io^7o7
from  ivs,  'with difficulty,' and avappotpneis, 'ab-
sorption.'  Diminished absorption  from  morbid
causes.
  DYS'APHE, Dyaaph'ia,  from  ivs, and  atpn>
'feeling.'  Morbid feeling.
  DYSAPULO'TUS,  Dysapu'lue,  Dyscpnlotos,
Dyaepulo'ticue, Dysulo'tua, from ivs, and cttovXoo),
to h eal.'  Healing with difficulty.
  DYSARTHRIAS,  Gout, irregular.
  DYSCATABROSIS, Dysphagia.
  DYSCATAPOSIS, Dysphagia.
  DYSCATAPO'TIA, from ivs, and xaraeivia, 'I
drink.'  Difficulty of  swallowing  liquids.  This
term is  recommended by Dr. Mead is a substitute
for hydrophobia, which  means dread of liquids.
The dread seems to be partly caused by the diffi-
culty of deglutition.
  DYSCIIE'ZIA, from ivs,  and xtSSlV> 'to S° to
stool.'  Difficult and painful defecation.
  DYSCHROS'A, from ivs,  'with difficulty, 3nd
Xflou or x?°'a> 'colour.'   Dischro'a.  Sickly and
unhealthy  colour  of  the skin.  Used synony-
mously  with the macula of Willan.
  DYSCHROMATOPSIA, Achromatopsia.
  DYSCHYMOSEN, Chymoplania.
  DYSCINE'SIA,  (F.)  DyscinSsie,  from   ivs,
'with difficulty,'and xivtiii,  ' I move.'  Difficulty
or utter incapability of moving.—Galen.
  DYSCOILIA, Constipation.
  DYSCOPHO'SIS, from ivs, 'with  difficulty,'
and  Ko<poia, ' I am deaf.'  A defect in the sense
!of hearing.—Hippocrates.
  DYSCO'RIA,  Coremetamorpho'aie,  from   ivc,
and  Kopn,  'the pupil.'  Irregularity of shape of
the pupil.
  DYSCRA'SIA, from ivs, and xpons, 'temoera 
DYSCRASIACUM           316                 DYSOPIA
ment.   Intempe'riee, Diatemperan'tia, Dya'craey.
A bad habit of body.   See Dysthetica.
  Dyscrasia Potato'rum.  Dyscrasia of drinkers.
The aggregate of cachectic phenomena exhibited
by those who indulge in alcoholic liquors.
  Dyscrasia  Saturnina, Satufnismus—d. Scro-
fulosa. Scrofula—d. Tuberculosa, see Tubercle.
  DYSCRASIACUM, Spanajmic.
  DYSCRASY,  Dyscrasia—d. Bilious, Cholosis,
Icterus.
  DYS'CRITOS, from ivs, 'with difficulty,' and
koiois, 'judgment.'  That which  it is difficult to
judge of.—Hippocrates.
  DYSDA'CRIA,  Dyedacryo'aie, from  ivs, and
iaxpvov,' a tear.'   A morbid condition of the tears.
  DYSDACRYOSIS, Dysdacria.
  DYSECCRIS'IA, from ivs, and  txxptots, 'ex-
cretion.'  Difficult or defective excretion.
  DYSECOIA, Baryecoia, Deafness.
  DYSEL'CIA, Dyeepnlo'tua,  from  ivs,  'with
difficulty,' and 'tXxos, 'an ulcer.'  An ulcer diffi-
cult to heal.—Hippocrates, Foesius.
  DYSEMESIA, Vomiturition.
  DYSENTERIA, Dysentery —d. Biliosa, Colo-
cholosis—d. Haamatera, Dysentery—d. Hepatica,
Hepatirrhcea—d. Maligna, Enterocace—d. Pu-
trida, Enterocace — d. Scorbutica, Enterocace —
d. Splenica, Melsena—d. Typhodes, Enterocace.
  DYSENTER'IC,   Dyaenter'icua,  Dysen'terua,
(F.) DyaentSrique, DyaaentSrique.  Same etymon
as Dysentery.  Relating to dysentery.
  D YSENTERIE, Dysentery.
  DVSENTERIUM, Dysentery.
  DYSENTERONERVIA, Colic—d. Saturnina,
Colica metallica.
  DYS'ENTERY, Dyaenter'ia,  D.  hamate'ra,
 Dyeenter'iitin, from ivs, and tvrtpov, 'an  intes-
tine.'   Difficultae ititeatino''rum. Diaaoltl'tits mor-
bua,  Diarrhoe'a  carnosa,  Colltie,  Coloni'tia,
 Colo-rectltie, Endocoli'tie, Eaocoli'tia, Deflux'ua
 Dyaenter'icua, Febria Dyaenter'ica, Flumen dye-
entericum,  Flttxue  dyaenter'icua   seu   cruetl-
 tita  cum Tenea'mo,  Rheumatia'mua intestino'rum
 cum  ulcere,  Tor'mina,  T. Celsi, Blennenter'ia,
 Morbus dissoln'tue, Sedee  cruen'ta. Luce dyaen-
 ter'ica,  Bloody  Flux;  Flux,  (¥.)  DyeentSrie,
 DyaaentSrie, Flux  dyaentSrique,  Flux de  Sang.
 Inflammation of  the mucous membrane of the
 large intestine;  the chief symptoms of  which
 are:—fever, more or less inflammatory, with fre-
 quent  mucous  or bloody  evacuations;  violent
 tormina and tenesmus.   When  the  evacuations
 do not contain  blood, it has been  called Dyaen-
 ter'ia alba or aimple Dyaentery, Myco-dyaenter'ia.
 The seat of the disease is, generally, in the colon
 and rectum.  It occurs, particularly, during the
 summer and autumnal  months, and in hot cli-
 mates  more  than in cold: frequently, also,  in
 camps and prisons, in consequence of impure air,
 and imperfect nourishment: and is often epidemic.
 Sporadic cases of dysentery are, generally, easily
 managed ; but when the disease  occurs epidemi-
 cally, it often exhibits great malignancy.   Gene-
 rally, it yields to mild laxatives, as castor oil,
 combined with diaphoretic narcotics, such  as the
  pulvie  ipecacuanha  compoaitue,  and counter-
 irritants to  the  abdomen ; but, at times, the in-
 flammation  runs  on  so  speedily  to  ulceration,
 that, unless  a  new  action be  rapidly excited,
 death will be the consequence.  In such cases,
 mercury must  be rapidly  introduced into the
 system, and narcotics may be combined with it.
   The whole management  in  acute dysentery
 must, of course, be strictly antiphlogistic.
   Dysentery, Bilious, Colocholosis.
   DYSEPULOTICUS, Dysapulotus.
   DYSEPULOTOS,  Dysapulotos, Dyseleia.
   DYSGALACTIA,  Dysgalia.
  DYSGA'LIA, Dyagalac'tia, from ivs, and yaXa,
yaXaKTos,  ' milk.'   An  unhealthy  condition or
depravation of  the milk.
  DYSGENNE'SIA, from ivs, and  ytvvneis, 'ge-
neration.'  Lesion of the generative organs or
functions.
  DYSGEU'SIA, Diageue'tia, from  ivs, and
ytvais, ' taste.'  A morbid condition of the sonse
of taste.
  DYSHEM0RRHO7/A, from ivs, 'aipa, 'blood,'
and ptio, ' to flow.'  Difficulty in the flow of blood,
— according to some, of tho hemorrhoidal flu*.
Also, symptoms occasioned  by its diminution or
suppression.—Sagar.
  DYSHiE'MIA, from  ivs, and  'aipa,  'blood.'
A morbid condition of the blood.
  DYSHAPH'IA, Dyeaph'ia, from  ivs, and 'atpn,
'touch.'  A morbid condition of  the  sense of
touch.
  DYSHI'DRIA, Dyai'dria, from ivs, and 'tipm,
' sweat.'  A morbid state of the perspiration.
  DYSI'ATOS, ivotaros,  from  ivs, 'with diffi-
culty,'  and taouai,  ' to heal;'  Cura'tu diffic''ilie.
Difficult of cure.—Hippocrates.
   DYSLALIA, Balbuties, Bradylogia.
   DYSLOCHI'A, Colica lochia'lia, Hyaterolgia
lochkt'lie, from ivs, and Xoxtos ', ' relating to par-
turition.'  Diminution or suppression of the lo-
chial discharge.
   DYSMASE'SIS, Dyamaaae'8ie, Bradymoaae'aia,
from ivs, 'with difficulty,' and puonots, 'mastica-
tion.'   Difficult or impeded mastication.
   DJfSMENIA,  Dysmenorrhoea.
   DYSMENORRHEE, Dysmenorrhoea.
   DYSMENORRHEA, Dyame'nia, Paramenia
diffic"ilie,  Menorrhag"ia etillatil'ia, Afen'atma
difficil'ia s«m  Doloro'ea, Amenorrhot'a diffic"ilis
seu partia'lis,  Menses dolorif'ici,  Menorrhagia
diffic"ilis, Menstrua'tio diff\c"ilia seu dolorif ica,
Labo'rious or Difficult Menstrua'tion, (F.) DyamS-
norrhSe, Menatruation difficile,  Rlglee  difficiles,
Strangurie menstruelle.  Catamenia passed with
great local  pain, especially  in the  loins: — with
sometimes  a membranous  discharge.   Dysme-
norrhoea is very difficult of removal, and  prevents
conception.  In the married female, if she should
be able to pass one period without pain, and sub-
sequently  become  pregnant,  the  morbid  action
 may be broken in  upon by gestation, and a per-
fect cure be obtained.   Change of air, soon after
marriage,  will sometimes  give  occasion to this
desirable result  The affection generally depends
upon  erethism of the  interior  of  the uterus,
 called into action at each catamenial period. The
 violence of the pain requires  the  liberal use of
 narcotics.
   DYSMNE'SIA,  from ivs, 'badly,' and pwan,
 'memory.'   Defective memory.
   DYSMORPHE, Deformation.
   DYSMORPHIA, Deformation.
   DYSMORPHOSIS, Deformation.
   DYSNEPHRONERVIE, Nephralgia.
   DYSODES,  Fetid.
   DYSO'DIA,  Dyaod'mia,  Dyaoe'mia,   Fa>tor,
 'foetor,' from  ivs,  'badly,' and  o£<u, 'I  smell.'
 (F.) Puanteur.  Sauvages has given this generio
 name to all diseases, characterized by fetid ema-
 nations, from whatever  part proceeding; — from
 the mouth, nasal fossoe, bronchia,  stomach, axil-
 lae,  groins, Ac.  Also, a stench or stink, Pana.
   DYSODMTA,  Dvsodia.
   DYSODONTI'ASIS, Dentil'io diffi.c"ilia, from
 ivs, 'with  difficulty,' and oiovnaots, 'dentition.'
 Difficult dentition.
   DYSONEFR0S,from'rW, 'with  difficulty,'and
 ovttpos, 'a dream.'  Insomnia, with restlessness.
   DYSO'PIA, properly Dyeop'eia,  Dysora'aia,
 signifying  'shame,'  from  ivs,  'with  difficulty,' 
DYSOPSIA               3
and ortrapat,' I see.'  Difficulty of seeing: obscu-
rity of vision.
  Dysopia Dissitorum, Myopia.
  Dysopia   Latera'lis,  Parop'eie   latera'lie,
Skue-aight, Slcew-sight, Sight aakew.  Vision only
accurate when the object is  placed  obliquely.
This state is generally caused by some opacity of
the cornea.
  Dysopia  Luminis,  Nyctalopia —d.  Proximo-
rum. Presbytia—d. Tenebrarum, Hemeralopia.
  DYSOPSIA. Dysopia.
  DYSORASIS, Dysopia.
  DYSOREX'IA, Inappeten'tia, Appeti'tue  de-
fic"iena, from ivs, 'with difficulty,' and opt^ts,
' appetite.'  Diminution of appetite.
  DYOS'MIA, from ivs, 'with  difficulty,'  and
oepn, 'smell.'  Diminution of  smell.
  DYSOSPHRE'SIA, Dyeoephre'aia, Dyaoaphra'-
eia, Dysphre'sis, from ivs, and ootppnets,  ' the sense
of smell.'  A morbid state of the sense of smell.
  DYSOSTO'SIS, from ivs, and oortov, 'a borfe.'
A faulty  conformation  or  morbid condition of
bone.
  DYSPATHIA, see Serious.
  DYSPEPSIA, from  ivs, 'with difficulty,-' and
Kir™, ' I concoct.'  Limo'sis  Dyapep'eia,  Ano-
rex'ia,  Apep'siei,  Bradypep'aia,  Gastroulax'ia,
Diges'tio deprava'ta seu diffic"ilis seu  lasa,  Gas-
tro-ato'nia,  Concoc'tio tarda, Stom'achi reeolu'tio,
 Crn'ditaa, Passio  stomach'ica, Dyspep'sy,  Indi-
ges'tion, Difficulty of Digeetion.  A  state of the
stomach,  in  which its  functions are  disturbed,
without the presence of other  diseases, or when,
if other diseases be present, they are of but minor
importance.   The symptoms  of  dyspepsia  are
 very various.  Those affecting the stomach itself
 are:—loss of  appetite :  nausea; pnin in the epi-
 gastrium  or hypochondrium ; heart-burn ;  sense
 of fulness, or weight in the  stomach ; acrid or
fetid eructations;  pyrosis, and sense of fluttering
 or sinking at the pit of the stomach.  The sympa-
 thetic affections are of  the most diversified cha-
 racter.  Dyspepsia, being generally of a functional
 nature, is devoid of danger.   When  arising from
 disease of the stomach itself, it is, of course, more
 serious.
   It is usually dependent on irregularity of living;
 either in the quantity or quality of the food taken:
 and the most successful treatment is, to put the
patient on a diet easy of digestion; to combat the
 causes, where such are apparent; and, by proper
remedies  and regimen, to strengthen the system
in every practicable manner. A great error exists
in regarding  it as always a disease of debility.
 It  is often connected with an inflammatory^ or
 subinflammatory condition of the mucous lining
 of the  stomach, and of course a very different
 plan  of treatment is required in the  two cases.
Dyspepsia is  often attended with too  great a se-
cretion of the gastric acids ;  but, on other occa-
sions, they would  appear to be too small in quan-
tity, so as  to constitute alkaline indigestion or
neutral indigestion.
   Dyspepsia Chlorosis,  Chlorosis — d.  Hypo-
chondriasis,  Hypochondriasis — d. Pyrosis,-  Py-
rosis.
   DYSPEPSIODYNIA, Cardialgia.
   DYSPEPSODYNIA, Cardialgia.
   DYSPEPSY, Dyspepsia.
   DYSPEP'TIC, Dyspep'ticus, Dyspep'tus,Apep'-
tic, Apep'ticus; same etymon.  Having relation
to  dyspepsia, as  'dyapeptic  bread.'   One  who
suffers from dyspepsia.
   DYSPEPTICUS, Dyspeptic.
   DYSPEPTODYNIA, Cardialgia.
   DYSPEPTUS,  Dyspeptic.
   DYSPERMA'SIA, Dyapermatis'mus, from ivs,
 'with difficulty,' and ontppa, 'sperm.'   Difficulty
—sometimes incapacity—of voiding the sperm.
7           DYSTHANATOS
  DYSPERMATISMUS, Bradyspermatismus.
  DYSPHA'GIA, Dyacatabro'aia, Dyscatap'oaie,
Deglutil'io diffic"ilie,  D.  la'aa, D.  impedi'ta,
from  ivs,  ' with difficulty,' and tpayui, ' I  eat.'
Difficulty of  deglutition.  Dysphagia  is almost
always symptomatic, either of inflammation or
of other disease of the organs of deglutition, or
of incomplete obstruction  of the oesophagus, by
some  obstacle within it, or by  a  neighbouring
tumour.  At  times, it is produced  by  spasms or
paralysis of the  oesophagus.  The prognosis and
treatment vary according to the cause.
  Dysphagia Atonica, Pharyngoplegia.
  Dyspha'gia Constric'ta, D.  Pharynge' a seu
CEsophage'a  seu Callo'ea, Strietu'ra Pharyn'gis
seu CEsoph'agi  vera seu  Callo'sa, Stenocho'ria
CEsoph'agi,CEsophagiarc'tia, Lamosteno'sia. Stric-
ture of tbe pharynx and oesophagus is an affec-
tion which may be  the  result of pharyngitis or
oesophagitis;  but more frequently  of  malignant
disease in the parietes of  the tube.   The  only
remedy is the bougie.
  Dysphagia  Inflammatoria,  Oesophagitis—
d. Pharyngea, D. Constricta—d. ffisophagea, D.
Constricta—d. Spasmodica, ffisophagismus — d.
Callosa, D. Constricta—d. Paralytica, GSsopha-
goplegia, Pharyngoplegia—d. Nervosa, Gisopha-
gismus—d. Torpida, Pharyngoplegia—d. Globosa,
Angone—d. Hysterica, Angone—d. Inflammato-
ria,  Cynanche tonsillaris — d.  Linguosa, Para-
glossa—d. Ranula, Ranula—d. Uvulosa, Staphy-
loedema — d.  Scirrhosa, Laemoscirrhus — d. Spas-
tica, QTsophagismus.
  DYSPllO'NIA, Dya'phony, from ivs, and tptevn,
'the voice.'   Difficulty of producing and articu-
lating sounds:  voice  imperfect  or  depraved.       •
Apho'nia (of some).
  Dysphonia Immodulata Nasalis,  Rhinopho-
nia—d. Immodulata palatina, Asaphia.
  DYSPHOR'IA, Inquietu'do, Aeta'eia. Dissatis-
faction ;  restlessness;  suffering;  indisposition;
from ivs, and 4>tpw, ' I bear.'
  Dysphoria Anxietas,  Anxiety — d. Nervosa,
Fidgets—d. Simplex, Fidgets.
  DYSPHOTIA, Myopia.
  DYSPHRESIS, Dysosphresia.
  DYSPIO'NIA, from  ivs, and tiwv, 'fat.' A
morbid condition of the adipous substance.
  DYSPLASMATIC, Cacoplastic.
  DYSPLASTICUM. Spanaemic.
  D YSPNEE, Dyspnoea—d. Cardiaque, Asthma,
cardiac
  DYSPNCE'A, from ivs, and nvtw, 'I breathe.'
Pseitdo-aathma,  Amphipneu'ma,  Respirtt'tio  dif-
fic"ili8 seu brevie et rara, Braehypnce'a, Retentio
a'e'rea, Anhela'tion, Short breath, Difficulty of
breathing, (¥.) DyspnSe, Courte Haleine.  Dysp-
noea  may be idiopathic or symptomatic.   The
latter accompanies  almost all thoracic diseases.
Urgent dyspnoea has been called amphipneu'ma,
ajtipiirvtvpa.—Hippocrates.
  Dyspn<ea  Convulsiva,  Asthma — d. Hydro-
thoracica,. Hydrothorax — d.   Physothoracica,
Pneumothorax—d. Pinguedinosa, Pursiness — d.
Pneumatica,   Pneumothorax — d.  Pyothoracica,
Empyema.
  D YSSENTERIE, Dysentery.         ,
  D YSSENTERIQ UE, Dysen teric. *
  DYSSIA'LIA, from ivs, and  etaXos,  'saliva.'
A morbid condition of the saliva.
  DYSSYN'ODUS,  Dyssynn'sia, from  ivs, and
ovvoios,  ' coition.' . Co'itus  diff\c"ilis.  Difficulty
in coition.
  DYSSYNUSIA, Dyssynodus.
  DYSTHAN'ATOS, from ivs, and  Savaros,
' death.'   That which causes a slow and painful
death.  One  who experiences this kind of death.
—Hippocrates, Galen. 
DYSTHELASIA            318        EAU  D'AUMAGNAC
  DYSTHELA'SIA, from ivs, and Si?Xa{u), 'I give
suck.'  Inaptitude for suckling.
  DYSTHERAPEU'TOS, Difficiliter cura'bilia;
from ivs, and Sspairtta,' medical treatment.'  That
which is difficult of cure.
  DYSTHE'SIA, from ivs, 'badly,' and-riVi, 'I
am situate.'  Dys'thesie, Cachex'ia. Morbid habit.
Bad humour.  Impatience in disease.—Erotian.
  DYSTIIET'ICA, Cachex'ia, Dyacrasia, Cach-
ex'iea ,- same etymon.   A morbid condition of the
blood or blood-vessels; alone or connected with a
morbid state of other fluids, producing a diseased
habit.  The fourth order in  the class Hamaticct
of Good, including Plethora, Hamorrhagia, Ac.
  DYSTIIYM'fA, from  ivs,  and Svpos,  'mind.'
Depreeeion,  Despondency.  A bad sign  in  acute
diseases.  Also, Melancholy.
  DYSTOCIA, Mogoetoc'ia, Bradytoc'ia, Reteil-
tiofoetus,  from  <5uj, and tokos,  'accouchement.'
(F.) Dystocie.   A laborioua accouchement, Labo'-
riotte  or morbid or difficult labour, Parodyn'ia,
Partus diffic"ilie.   See Laborious.
  Dystocia Abortiva, Abortion — d.  Dyscyesis,
Pregnancy,  morbid—d. Dyscyesis extra-uterina,
see Pregnancy, preternatural.
  DYSTCECHI'ASIS, Hiapid'itae, from ivs, 'had,'
and orotxos, 'order.'  Irregular position of tha
eye-lashes.—Forestus.
  DYSTON'IA, from ivs, and rovos,' tone.'  Mor-
bid condition of the tone of a tissue or orsran.
  DYSTROPH'IA, from  ivs,  'with  difficulty,'
and rpoipn,' nourishment.' Imperfect or defective
nutrition.
  DYSULOTUS, Dysapulotus.
  DYSURE'SIA, Dysure'sis ; from ivs, and ovpn-
ots, 'passing the urine.'  Defective secretion and
evacuation of the urine.
  DYSU'RIA,  Dys'ury, Uri'na diffic"i/ia e.rrre'-
tio, from ivs, ' with  difficulty,' and ovpov, ' urine.'
Stran'gury, (of some.)  (¥.) Dysurie.   Difficulty
of passing the urine.  In this affection the urine
is  voided with  pain, and a  sensation  of heat  in
some  part of the urethra.   Dysuria is the first
degree  of retention of  urine.  It differs from
strangury, in which the urine can only be passed
in'drops and with great straining.
  Dysuria   Calculosa,   Calculi,  vesical — d.
Irritata,  Calculi  vesical — d.  Mucosa,  Cystir-
rhoea.
  DYSURY, Dysuria.
E.
  EAGLE-STONE, Utiles.
  EAR,  Auris,  Ous, ovs, Ac'oe, Saxon, eape,
(Prov.)  Lug.  (¥.)  Oreille.  The organ of au-
dition.  It is composed of a series of more or less
irregular cavities, in which the sonorous rays are
successively received and reflected, until  they
agitate the nerves which  are destined to convey
the impression to the  brain.  The ear is con-
tained partly in tbe substance of the temporal
bone; and a part projects externally, behind the
joint of the  lower jaw.   It may be  divided  into
three portions ;—the outer or external ear, formed
by the auricle and meatus auditorius; the middle
ear, comprising the cavity of the tympanum and
its dependencies; and the internal ear, compre-
hending the three semicircular canals, the cochlea
and the  vestibule; which, together, constitute the
oeaeoua labyrinth.  Within the cavity of this la-
byrinth  are contained membranes having nearly
the shape of the vestibule and semicircular canals,
but not  extending into the cochlea.  These mem-
branes form  the membranoua labyrinth.   Between
the osseous  and  the membranous  labyrinth  is
situate the liquor  of Cotunnius, and within the
membranous labyrinth is a  fluid, termed, by De
Blainville, vitrine auditive, from its  supposed
analogy to the vitreous humour of the eye.   The
form of  the  membranous vestibule is not an exact
imitation of the osseous  cavity, being  composed
of two distinct sacs,  which  open into each other,
— the one termed  the  Sac'culue veatib'idi; the
other Sac'culue  Each sac contains in its interior
a.small  mass of white  calcareous matter resem-
bling powdered chalk,  which ?eems to be  sus-
pended  in the  fluid  of  the sacs by means of a
number of nervous filaments proceeding from tbe
auditory nerve.  These are the otoconiee  and
otolithea of Breschet.
  The auditory nerve is  distributed to  the cavi-
ties of the internal ear.
  EAR-DOCTOR, Aurist —e.  Flap, Proptoma
aitriculnrum—e. Keeker, Tonsil.
  EARNING, Rennet.
  BAR-PICK, Otog'lyphie,  Otog'lyphum,  Coch-
lear anricula're, AnriacaVpium, (¥.) Citreoreille.
A  species  of small scoop, used for extracting
hardened  cerumen  from  the  meatus auditorius
externus;  or to remove foreign  bodies from the
ear.  If carelessly used, it is apt to excite inflam-
mation of the tube.
  EAR-SURGEON, Aurist—e. Surgery. Otiatria.
  EAR-TRUMPET, 7'ubua acua'ticua, Acua'ticitm
Cornu, (¥.) Cornet acouatique.  An instrument for
collecting  sound and increasing its intensity, used
by those who are  hard of hearing.   It is, com-
monly, a kind of cone, formed of silver, tin, or
elastic gum, the base of which is turned towards
the person who is speaking, and the  apex placed
in the entrance of the meatus auditorius externus.
  EARWAX, Cerumen.
  EARWIG, Forficula auricularia.
  EARTH CLUB,  Orobanche Americana.
  Earth, Fuller's, Cimolia purpurescens.
  Earth Gall, Ver.atrum viride.
  Earth, Heavy,  Baryta—e. Japan, Catechu-*—
e. Lemnian, Terra Lemnia.
  Earth Nut, Pignut, Bunium bulbocastanum.
  Earth, Ponderous, Baryta—e. Samian,  Sami
terra—e. Sealed,Terra sigillata—e.Talc,Magnelia.
  EASTNINGWORT, Scabious.
  EATABLE, Esculent.
  EATIN-BERRIES, see Juniperus communis.
  EAU, Water — e. d'Aix-la-Chapelle,  see Aix-
la-Chapelle.
  EAU D'ALIBOUR.  This compound is made
of aulphate of zinc, and aulphate  of copper, each
J5J ;  camphor, ten grains ; eaffron, four grains;
water, four fluidounces.   Employed  in  chronio
inflammation of the eyelids, and as a vulnerary.
  EAU DE L'AMNIOS,  Liquor  amnii —e.
d'Amandee amerea, Aqua amygdalarum coneen-
trata.
  EAU ANTIPUTRIDE DE BEAUFORT.
Mineral lemonade  prepared with sulphuric acid.
  EAU D'ARMAGNAC, Tinctura  cinnamomi
composita—e. de Balaruc, Balaruc waters—e.  de
BarSgee,  Bareges  water — e. de  Binelli,  Aqna
Binellii — e. Blanche, Liquor plumbi  subacetatis 
         EAU DE  COLOGNE         3:

dilutus— e. de  Bonferme,  Tinctura cinnamomi
composita—e. de Bonnea, Bonnes, mineral waters
of— e. de Boule, see Ferrum tartarizatum — e. de
Bourbonne-lea-Baina,  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  mi-
neral  waters of— e. de  Brocchieri, Aqua Brocchi-
erii — <?. dee Carmea, see Melissa —e.  de  Chaux,
Liquor calcis—e. de Chaux  composSe, Liquor cal-
cis  compositus.

  EAU DE COLOGNE, Cologne water.  A cele-
brated perfume, so called from the place where it
is made.  The following is  one formula: Oil of
bergamot, giij ;  Oil of lemon, % ij ;  Oil of Laven-
der, ^iiiss ; Oil ofneroli, giiss ; Oil of origanum,
#j I Oil of rosemary, gj ; Essence of vanilla,  ^ij ;
Musk, ten  grains; Rectified spirit,  Oxiij ; Rose-
water, Oij; Orange-flower  water, Oj.  Macerate
for fourteen days,  and filter.
  EAU DE  CUIVRE AMMONIACALE, Li-
quor  cupri ammoniati — e. DistillSe, Water, dis-
tilled— e.  de Fontaine, Water,  spring — e. dea
Fontainee de la MarSguerie, Rouen, mineral wa-
ters of—e.  contre la Gangrlne, Liquor hydrargyri
nitrici—e. de Goudron, see Pinus sylvestris—e.  de
 Goulard, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus.
   EA U HEM AST A TIQ UE DE TISSERAND,
 Eau de Tisaerand.  A hemastatic water, reputed
 to  possess the same properties as the Aqua Broc-
 chierii.  It may be prepared by digesting dragon's
 blood, and turpentine of the Vosges in water.
   EAU D'HUSSON, Vinum  colchici — e. dea
 Hydropiquea,  Serum of serous membranes — e.
 HydrosulfurSe simple,  Hydros ulphuretted wate.r.
   EAU DE J A VELLE, Bleaching liquid, Aqua
 ulkali'na oxymuriat'ica, Labarraque'e Solution,
 (Common salt, tbij; black  oxide of  manganeee,
 Ibj; water, Ibij.   Put into a retort, and add, gra-
 dually, oi7 of vitriol, Ibij. Pass the vapour through
 a solution  of subcarbonate of potassa ^iij in water
 §xxix,  applying  heat towards the  last.  S.  g.
 1.087.)  It is stimulant, detergent, and antiseptic,
 —applied externally.
   EAU DE LAC, Water,  lake.
   EA U DE LECHELLE.   A haemostatic water,
 prepared by macerating, in  water, various aroma-
 tic and astringent herbs, flowers and  roots,  with
 tar, and distilling the  same.  It has been given
 internally, in  hemorrhage,  and used,  also, as  an
 external styptic.
   EAU DE LUCE, Spiritus ammoniae suecina-
 tus — e. MagnSsienne, Magnesia,  fluid—e.  de
 Marais, Water, marsh — e. MSdicinale d'Husson,
 see Colchicum  autumnale,  Vinum  colchici, and
 Veratrine, sulphate of—e. MSdicinale naturelle,
 Water, mineral—e. de Mer, Water,  sea—e.  Mer-
 curielle, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici — e. MinSrale,
 Water, mineral — e. de Monterossi, Aqua Binellii
 — e.  de Naples, Naples water, factitious — e.  de
 Neige,  Water, snow—e. de Pagliari, Haemostatic,
 Pagliari's—e. de Pluie, Water, rain—e. de Potasse,
 Liquor potassae — e. de Puit, Water, well — e.  de
 Rabel, Elixir acidum  Halleri — c RSgale, Nitro-
 muriatic acid—e.  SalSe, Water, sea—e. de Source,
 Water,  well — e.  Styptique de Brocchieri,  Aqua
 Brocchicrii—e. SucrSe, Hydro-saccharum — e.  de
 Tisaerand, Eau h6mastatique de Tisserand — e.
 VegSto-minSrale, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis dilu-
 tus— e. de Vichy,  Vichy water—e. de Vie, Brandy
 —e. de Vie Allemande, Tinctura jalapii composita
—e. de  Vie CamphrSe, Spiritus camphorae.
   EAUX,  LES,  Liquor  amnii — e. Chandes,
Aigues-caudes — e. HSpatiquee, Waters, mineral,
suffureous—e.  MinSralee  artificiellea,   Waters,
mineral, artificial—e.  MinSrolea facticea,  Waters,
mineral,  artificial — e. MinSralea ferrugineuses,
Waters, mineral,  gaseous,  Ac. — e. MinSralea
gaseuses ou acidules, Waters, mineral, gaseous, Ac.
— e. MinSralea salines, Waters, mineral, saline  —
9                 ECCOPE
e. MinSrales sulfureuses, Waters, mineral, snlfu-
reous—e. Sulfmees, Waters, mineral, sulfureous.
  EBEAUPIN, MINERAL WATERS OF.  An
acidulous chalybeate, in the department of Loire.
InfSrieiire,  near Nantes.
  ERLOUISSEMENT, Dazzling.
  EBRIECA'SUM, from ebrius, 'drunk.' A term
employed by Paracelsus to denote a disturbance of
the reason, similar to what occurs in drunkenneas.
  EBRIETAS. Tcmulentia.
  EBRIOSITAS,  Temulentia.
  EBULL1TIO, Ebullition, Strophulus — e.  Sto-
machi, Ardor ventriculi, Pyrosis.
  EBULLIT"ION, Ebullit"io, jEstuat"io,Anaz'-
esis, Causis,  from ebullire, (e  and bttllire),  ' to
bubble up.'  Boiling;  (¥.) Bouillonnement.   The
motion of a liquid, by  which it gives off bubbles
of vapour, hy heat or fermentation.   The boiling
point of liquids varies according to the pressure
to which they are subjected.   For  the point of
ebullition of different substances, see Heat.
   Ebullition is used in France, in a vague  man-
ner, for every kind of transient eruption of the
skin, occurring  without fever  or  with a slight
febrile attack.
   EBULUS, Sambucus ebulus.
   EBUR,  Ivorv, see Tooth.
   EBURNEATIO, Eburnification.
   EBURNIFICA'TION,   Eburniflca'tio, Ebur-
nca'tio, Eburna'tion, from  ebur, ' ivory,' and flo,
' to be made.'  An incrustation of the cartilages
of articular surfaces of bones with phosphate  of
litoe, which gives  them the whiteness and hard-
ness of ivory ;—Cartilages eburnSs.
   EC, (before a vowel, Ex,) t<, tf, 'out of, from,
of.'  Hence, Ecchymoma,  Eclectic, Ac.
   ECAILLE, Scale.
   ECAILLES D'HUITRES, Ostreae testae.
   ECAILLEUX, Squamous.
   ECBALIA ELATERIUM, Momordica elate-
rium.
   ECBALIUM  AGRESTE,  Momordica elate-
rium—e. Officinarum, Momordica elaterium.
   ECBESOMENON, Eventus.
   ECBLOMA, see Abortion.
   ECBOLE, Abortion.
   ECBOLIC, Abortive.
   ECBOLICUS, Abortive.
   ECBOLIUM ELATERIUM, Momordica ela-
terium.
   ECBOLIUS, Abortive.
   ECBRAS'MATA, from  tK0pa£w, 'I  boil up.*
Ecchym'ata.  Hippocrates uses the word for cer-
tain burning eruptions.
   ECCATHARTICUS, Cathartic.
   ECCEPHALO'SIS,  Excerebra'tio,   Cephalo-
tom'ia, from tK, and KtipaXn, ' head.'  The removal
of the brain of the child to facilitate delivery.
   ECCHELYSIS, Expectoration.
   ECCHORESIS, Defecation.
   ECCHYLOMA, Succus expressus.
   ECCHYMATA, Eebrasmata.
   ECCHYMO'MA, Ecchymo'sis, Pdidno'ma, Pe-
lio'ma, Hypa'ma, Hypoa'ma,  Hypoa'mia,  from
tx, and xvr,°S' 'juice,' ' humour;' Effit'sio, Exsuc-
ca'tio, Sufftt'sio san'guinis.  A livid, black,  or
yellow spot, Livor sanguin'eus, produced by blood
effused into the areolar tissue  from a contusion.
Spontaneous effusions, occurring as the result of
disease or  after death, are  called suggillations.
   Ecchymoma  Arteriosum, see Aneurism—e.
Capitis recens  natorum,  Cephalaematoma — e.
Hyponychon, Hyponychon — e.  Lymphaticum,
Phlegmatia dolens—e. Melasma, Melasma.
   ECCHYMOSIS, Ecchymoma.
   ECCHYSIS, Effusion.
   ECCLISIS, Luxation.
   ECCOPE, Ev'tome,  Ectom'ia, from  tx,  and 
ECCOPEUS
320
ECLAMPSIA
K^trtiv, 'to  cut.'  The act of cutting out: also,
a  perpendicular  division  of the cranium  by a
cutting instrument.   See Entaille.
   ECCOP'EUS.  Same etymon.  A knife or in-
strument for cutting.   An ancient  instrument —
the raapotory—used in trepanning.
   ECCOPROSIiESTHE'SIS,from tK,Kotrpos, 'ex-
crement,'  and aiodnots,  'sensation.'  The  sensa-
tion or desire to evacuate the bowels.
   ECCOPROSIS, Defecation.
   ECCOPROT'W,Eccoprot'icus,Ectoprot'ic, from
e|, and xospos, ' excrement.'  Mild  purgatives or
laxatives, whose  operation is confined to simply
clearing out the intestinal  canal.
   ECCORTIIAT'ICUS, from tK, and xopd™, ' I
collect.'   An  ancient epithet  for  remedies  to
which was attributed the property of evacuating
collections of humours.
   ECCRINOL'OGY,   Eccrinolog" ia,  Eccrisio-
log"ia, from txxpivoi, (tK, and Kptvio,)  ' I separate,'
and Xoyos,' a discourse.'. A treatise  on the secre-
tions.
   ECCRISIOLOGIA,  Eccrinology.
   ECCRISION'OSI, Eccriaionu'ai,  from tKxptots,
' excretion,'  and  vooos, ' disease.'   Diseases  of
excretion.
   ECCRISIOS'CIIESIS,  from  tKKpiois,  'excre-
tion,'and  oxcets, 'retention.'  Arrest or retention
of excretions; or of a critical evacuation.
   ECCRISIS, Excretion.
   ECCRIT'ICA.  Diseases  of the excernent
functions.  The 6th class in Good's Nosology.
Also, medicines that act on the excernent system.
Eliminan'tia, Elim'inativea.
   ECCYESIS,  Pregnancy, extra-uterine—e. Ab-
dominalis,  Pregnancy,  abdominal — e.  Ovaria,
Pregnancy, ovarial—e. Tubalis, Pregnancy, tubal.
   ECCYLIO'SIS, from ex, and kvXiuv, ' to turn
round.' Morbus evolutio'nie.  A disease of evo-
lution  or development.
   ECDEMEOMA'NIA, Ecdemion'oaua, from tKin-
ptd>, 'Itravel about,' and pavia, 'mania.'  Amor-
bid desire  to be travelling about.
   ECDEMIONOSUS, Ecdemiomania.
   EC'DORA, from «, and  itpu, ' I flay.'  Anad'-
orn, Excoria'tio.   Excoriation  in   general, but
more especially of the urethra.
   EC'DYSIS, fromtKivui, (tK, and iiw,) 'I put off.'
Moulting of the skin of animals.  Desquamation.
   E~CHALOTTE, Eechalotte, Allium Ascalon'-
icum, Cepa Aacalon'ica.  The achallot'.  A species
of allium, employed  in  culinary preparations.
   ECHANCRURE (¥.) Emargina'tio, Emargi-
natu'ra, Inciau'ra.  A French word employed by
anatomists to designate depressions  and notches
of various shapes, observed on the surface  or
edges of bones.
   ECHANCRURE ETHMOIDALE is on the
nasal bone, which unites with the ethmoid.  See
Ethmoid.
   ECHANCRURE NASALE, Naeal Notch, be-
longs to the  os frontis, and is articulated with the
bones of the nose.
   ECHANCRURE   PAROTIDIENNE  is  a
triangular space, comprised between the paroti-
dean edge of the inferior maxillary bone and the
mastoid process, so  called because it lodges the
parotid gland.
   ECHANCRURE S.CAPULAIRE,Kotch, sca-
pular—S. Sciatiqne grande, see Sciatic Notch—S.
Sciatique petite, see  Sciatic Notch.
   ECHARDE, Splinter.
   ECHARPE, Sling.
  ECHARPE  GRANDE et E. MOYEN, see
Sling—S. de  J. L. Petit, see Sling—S. Petite, see
Sling.
   ECHAUBOULURES   (F.)   Echaubouillure.
 Sudam'ina, Hidro'a.  A word whose meaning is
, not fixed.  It is applied to any eruption on th*
 surface of the body, accompanied with pricking
 and other uneasy sensations.
j   ECHA UFFA NTS, Calefacients.
   ECHAUFFEMENS, Chafing.
'   ECHA UFFEMENT (¥.), Calefac'tio, Excale-
 fac'tio, from  (F.) Schanffer, (calefacere,) 'to make
 warm.'  Augmentation of  heat  in  the animal
! economy; the  symptoms  of which are a more
j than ordinary  sensation of heat, disposition  to
■! perspiration,  great  tbirst, general indisposition,
il flushed countenance, Ac.  It goes off by the use
| of antiphlogistics and abstinence.   In the vulgar
[i language it is often  used synonymously with con-
 etipation, and sometimes  for simple gonorrhoea,
 and for chafing.
   ECHECOL'LON, from e^u., 'I have,' and xoXXa,
 'glue.'  Echecollum.  Any topical glutinous re-
 medy.—Gorraeus, Galen.
   ECHELLES DU LIMAgON,  Scalas  of the
 cochlea.
   ECHENEIS, Remora Hildani.
   ECHETROSIS, Bryonia alba.
   ECHID'NA  OCELLA'TA,  Brown  ten-inch-
 long  viper.   A most  formidable  viper in the
 forests of Peru, the  bite of which is so rapidly
 fatal, that it  kills a strong man in two or three
 minutes.   Tsehudi.
   ECHINA'CEA PURPU'REA, from txivos, the
 hedge hog, owing to the spiny chaff of the round-
 ish disk.  Purple Coneflower, Black Sampson; of
 th'e Composite Family ;  indigenous in Ohio and
 westward; its dull  purple flowers appearing  in
 July.   The root is aromatic, and used popularly
 as a carminative.
   ECHINE,  Vertebral column.
   ECHINOCOCCUS, HOMINIS, see Worms-
 e. Humanus, Hydatid.
   ECHINODERMI, Porcupine men.
   ECHINOGLOSSUM,  Ophioglossum vulgatum.
   ECHINOPHTHAL'MIA.from tXivos,' a hedge-
.hog,' and otp&aXpia,  'inflammation of  the eye.'
 Ophthalmia of the eyelids,  in which the cilia pro-
 ject like  the quills of the hedgehog.
   ECHPNOPS,  from  txivos,  'hedgehog,'  and
 eo\L, 'appearance.'   Crocodilian, Acanthal'zuca,
 Scabio'aa  carduifo'lia, Spharoceph'ala ela'tior,
 Echlnopua,   Echinopa   Spharoceph1alua,  Globe
 thiatle.    The root and seeds are  reputed to be
 moderately diuretic.
   ECHINOPUS, Echinops.
   ECHINUS SCANDENS, Allamanda.
   ECHITES  DIFFORMIS, Forsterania  diffor-
 mis—e. SuberectaJ see Curare.
   ECHOS, Sound, Tinnitus aurium.
   ECHOSCOPE, Auscultation.
   ECHOSCOPIUM, Stethoscope.
   ECHTHYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy,  extra-
 uterine.
   ECLACTIS'MA, Eclamp'sia, Eclamp'eia, Epi-
 lamp'aie, Effnlgeacen'tia,  from ticAaicri£u>, ' I kick.'
 Epilepsy  is often accompanied with flashings of
 light; and hence Hippocrates has used the last
 two words for epilepsy.   They have all been ap-
 plied to convulsions.
   ECLA IRE,  Chelidonium majus—4. Petite,
 Ranunculus ficaria.
   ECLAMP'SIA, from uXau^lis, (tK, and Xau&w,
 'I shine,') 'brilliancy.'  Flashes of light before
 the eyes.  See  Eclactisma.  Convulsion, as the
 convulsions of children, Eclamp'eia  infan'tum,
 Epilepsia acu'ta infan'tum seu febrllie infan'tum
 sen.ptierllie, (¥.) Convulaione dee Enfane, Ec/amp-
eie, but probably from tx, and Xapjiavu, Xapbtuat,
 ' to seize hold of.'
   Eclamp'sia Gravidarum  et Parturien'-
 tium;  Puerperal Convulaione,  (¥.)  Convulaione 
ECLAMPSIE DES EX FANS   321           tiCROUELLES
dee femmea enceintee et en  couche.  Convulsions
of pregnant and parturient women.
  Eclampsia Infantum, see  Eclampsia—e. Nu-
tans,  Convulsion,  Salaam —e.  Typhodes, Ra-
phania.
  ECLAMPSIE DES  ENFANS,  Eclampsia
infantum.
  ECLECTIC, (PHYSICIANS,) Edec'ticiMed'-
ici, from taXtyia, (tK, and Xtyoi,) ' I choose.'  A sect
pf physicians,  who  professed to choose, from
other sects, all  the opinions which appeared to
thtm best founded.   Agathinus of Sparta, master
of Archigenes of Apamuea, in Syria,  was its re-
puted founder; and Archigenesand Aretaeuswere
its greatest orname.nts.  The doctrine was called
Eiltc'tiem,  Edectis'inua,  Medicina  eclec'tica,
Edictic  med'icinc.   Every judicious physician
must be an eclectic.
  ECLECTISM, see  Eclectic.
  ECLECTOS, Eelig'ma, Elig'ma, Elix'ie, Lam-
biti'vum,  Liiletus, Li net milium, from ticXti^w, (ik,
and  Xtix^,) ' I lick.'   (F.)  Looch.  A medicine,
of a thick,  syrupy consistence,  chiefly  used to
allay cough, and consisting of pectoral remedies.
It was formerly sucked from the end of a liquo-
rice  stick, made into  a kind of pencil;  hence its
name Linctue, from lingere, 'to lick.'  Although
the Ductus is usually exhibited in thoracic affec-
tions, it may have tonic virtues combined with it.
   ECLEGMA ALBUM,  Looch  album—e. Gum-
moso-oleosuin, Looch album.
   ECLEIPISIS, Desquamation,  Exfoliation.
   ECLEPISIS, Desquamation, Exfoliation.
   ECLEPIS1TREPAN0N, Exfoliative trepan.
   ECLIGMA, Eclectos.
   ECLIMIA, Boulimia.
   ECLIPSIS, Syncope.
   ECLISSE, Splint.
   ECLYSES, Adynamic.
   EC LYSIS, Exsolu'tio; from tKXvto, Tloosen.'
 Kesolutii n, prostration of strength ; faintness.
   Eclysts Pneumo-cardiaca, Asphyxia.
   ECMYZESIS, Exsuctio.
   ECN'EA, Dementia.
   ECOLE, School.
   Ef'ON'OMY, CEconom'ia, from otsia, 'a house,'
 'a family,' and vf^oi, 'I rule.'  By the term ani-
 mal  economy is understood,—the aggregate of the
 laws which govern the  organism.  The word eco-
 nomy is,  also,  used  for the  aggregate of parts
 which constitute man or animals.
   ECORCE,  Cortex — S.  Cariocostine,  Canella
 alba—S. EleuthSrienne, see  Croton cascarilla—S.
 de Saint  Lucie, Cinchonae  Caribaeae  cortex — S.
 de Winter, see Wintera aromatica—S. Fauase de
  Winter, Canella alba.
   ECORCHURES,  Chafing, Excoriation.
   ECO CLEMENT, Discharge,  Gonorrhoea—&
 Blanc, Leucorrhoea — S. de Sang par I'Inteetin,
 Haematochezia.
   ECOUVILLON, see Ecouvillonnement.
   ECOUVILLONNEMENT (¥.),  from Scou-
vilfon, ' a kind of mop, the sponge of a gun.'  A
 term used by the French  therapeutists  for tbe
 act  of cleansing or  applying remedies to a part
 by means of a mop or brush fixed to  the end of a
piece of whalebone.  Such mop or brush is termed
Ecouvillon.
   ECPHLOGOSIS,  Inflammation.
   ECPHLYSIS, Vesicula —e. Herpes, Herpes—
e. Herpes circinatus, Herpes  circinatus—e. Her-
pes exedens, Herpes  exedens—e. Herpes milians,
Herpes pblvetasnodes—c. Herpes zoster, Herpes
roster —e. Porapholyx, Pompholyx —e. Rhypia,
Rupia.
   ECPHRACTIC, Deobstruent.
   ECPHRAX'IS, from tnippaooia, 'I  remove ob-
       21
struction.'  The action  of  ecphractic or deob-
struent remedies.
  ECPHRONIA, Insanity—e. Melancholia, Me-
lancholy.
  ECPIIYAS, Appendix vermiformis caeci.
  ECPHYMA, Excrescence, Tumour—e. Callus,
Callosity — e. Caruncula, Caruncle—e.  Clavus,
Corn — e. GMernaticum, GEdeuia, Phlegmatia do-
Iens—e. Physconia,  Physconia — e.  Trichoma,
Plica—e. Verruca, Verruca.
  ECPHYMATA, Rubeola.
  ECPHYSE'SIS, Effla'tio, Effla'tue,  from tefv-
oaoi,  ' I breathe through.'  .Exaujflo'tio.  A quick
and forced expulsion of air from the lungs.
  ECPHYSIS, Apophysis — e. Ventriculi, Duo
denum.
  ECPIES'MA, from ik-ku^u), (ik, and nut,*,) '1
compress.'   Effractu'ra,  Impac'tion, Decea'aio
A fracture of the cranium, with depression of thi
fragments .and compression of the brain.
  ECPIES'MOS,  Exprea'sio,  Ex'it us,  Ecpiee'-
mon, same etymon.  Celsus  uses these words to
signify the forcing  of the eye from the orbitar
cavity, with apparent but not real augmentation
of the organ.  See Exophthalmia.
  ECPLERO'MA,  from tK, and nXnpow,  'I fill.'
A cushion, a  pad.   Hippocrates means, by this
term, a small pad  or  ball of leather,  or other
substance intended to fill the hollow of the arm-
pit ;  used probably in reducing luxations of the
shoulder.
  ECPLEXIA, Stupor.
  ECPLEXIS, Stupor.
  ECPNEUMATOSIS, Expiration.
  ECPNEUSIS, Expiration.
  ECPXOE, Expiration.
  ECPTO'MA,  Eepto'sis, Exciden'tia;  from  tx-
nnTTo>, (tx,  and  lrtrrTui,) 'I fall out.'   This word
has  been  used in various  senses,  1.  Synony-
mously with luxation.  2. For the separation of
grangrenous parts. '3. For  the expulsion of the
secundines.  4.  For the prolapsus  of the womb:
and 5. For intestinal or omental hernia,  Ac.
  ECPTOSIS, Luxation.
  ECPYCTICA, Incrassantia.
  ECPYEMA, Abscess, Suppuration,  Empyema.
  ECPYTESIS, Abscess,  Empyema, Pustule — e.
Impetigo, Impetigo—e. Porrigo, Porrigo—e. Por-
rigo Crustacea, Porrigo larvalis—e. Porrigo favosa,
Porrigo favosa — e. Porrigo furfuracea,  Porrigo
furfurans—e. Porrigo galeata, Porrigo scutulata
—e.  Porrigo lupinosa, Porrigo lupinosa—e. Sca-
bies, Psora.
  ECPYETICUS, Suppurative.
  ECPYISCONTUS, Suppurative.
  ECRASEUR, 'a  crusher,' from Scraeer, 'to
crush.'  A  surgical instrument invented by  M.
Cbassaignac,  of Paris, which  consists of a steel
chain, like  that of a chain-saw devoid of teeth,
which is attached at both ends to a steel mandril,
which passes through a  hollow steel cylinder.
Tbe  tightening of the chain is made slowly and
with great  force, and in the last modification  of
the instrument  is effected by an  endless screw
with a lever handle, working on a nut cogged on
its outer side, which plays on a thread cut  on
the mandril.  The slow bruising it makes is said
to be rarely followed by hemorrhage, even in the
case  of hemorrhoids, and other vascular tumours.
  ECREVISSE, Crab.
  ECREX'IS, Ruptu'ra, from txpnyvvpi, (tx, and
pnyvvpi,) 'to break.'   Rupture, laceration.
  ECRHYTH'MUS, ex,  and  pvduos,  'rhythm.'
A term applied to  the pulse, particularly when
irregular.—Galen.
  ECROE, Discharge.
  ECROUELLES,  Scrofula — S. MSsentSriquet,
Tabes mesenterica. 
ECRYSIS                32
  ECRYSIS, from txptu,' I run from.'  A dis- j
charge.                                       I
  ECSARCO'MA, from tx, and  eap£, 'flesh.  A
fleshy  excrescence of various  kinds.  See  Fun-
gositv, and Sarcoma.                           ,
  ECSESMA. Eczema.                         !
  ECSTASIS,  from t^iornpi, (tk~, and iompi,) ' I j
am beside  myself.'  An ec'stacy or trance, Came ,
ec'stasia, Caloclnta, Ex'atatia, Catalep'sia spu'ria, j
Hyperplexie, (¥.) Extaae.  A state in which cer-
tain ideas so completely absorb the mind, that the
external sensations are suspended, the voluntary
movements  arrested, and even  the  vital action
retarded.  In catalepsy, there is, in addition, com- j
plete  suspension  of  the intellectual  faculties. P
This  last condition  is in general described as i
trance.   See, also, luxation.
  ECSTROPHE, Exstrophia.
  ECTASIA, Aneurism—e. Venarura, Varix.
  ECTASIS, Extension,  Expansion.
  Ec'tasis 1'iimis, is the extension or expansion
of the iris, which occasions diminution of the pupil.
  ECTEXIS, Colliquation.
  ECTHETOBREPHOTROPHEUM, Brepho- ;
tropheum.
  ECTHLIM'MA, Exulcera'tio, from tK$Xtfo, 'I
express.'   ' I bruise.'   Attrition.   Chafing, or
excoriation,  produced  by external  violence. —
Hippocrote.i.
  ECTHLIPSIS, Expression.
  ECTHYMA  or ECTHY'MA, from kSou, 'I
break out.' Ecpye'eie, Phlysia ecthyma,Phlyza'cia
a'gria, Sca'biea  Vera, Furun'culi aton'iei, Pap'u-
lou8 Scall, (¥.)  Dartre cruatacSe, D. fongueiisc. A
cutaneous eruption, characterized by large round
pustules, always distinct and seated upon an  indu-
rated  and highly inflamed base.  In the course
of a day or two  the pustules generally break, and
olive-brown incrustations are  formed which ad-
here firmly to the skin.   These separate in  about
a fortnight.  The disease requires the antiphlo-
gistic treatment.  Under the  Ecthymata, Vogel
has designated certain hard, unequal tumours
which appear transitorily on the skin.  See Ef-
florescence, Exanthem, and Pustule.
  ECTHYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy, extra-
uterine.
  ECTILLOTICUS, Depilatory.
  ECTILMOS,  Evulsion.
  ECTOME, Castration, Eccope, Entaille, Ex-
cision.
  ECTOMIA, Castration, Eccope.
  ECTOMIUS, Castratus.
  ECTONION. Helleborus niger.
  ECTOPAG"IA, (F.)  Ectopagie,  from  tKros,
'outwards,' and nnyvvpt,  'to  put together.' A
genus of double monsters, having a common um-
bilicus, comprising those  which are united  natu-
rally  throughout the whole extent of the thorax.
   ECTOPARASITES, Epizoa.
 _ ECTOPHY'TE, Ectoph'yton, from tKros,  ' out-
side,'  and ipvrov,  'a vegetable.'  A  vegetable
parasite, which  grows on the surface  of the  body.
   ECTOP'IA,  Ectop'iaia, Ectopiam'ns, Entoce'le,
Situs alie'nua seu perver'aua seu mutiltua, Anomo-
topie,—Piorry,  from tK, and ronos, 'out of place.'
Morbid displacement of parts.  See Luxation.
   Ectopia An'i, Proctocele.
   Ectopia Cordis, Cardianaa'trophe.  Displace-
ment, dislocation, or unnatural position of the
heart.
   Ectopia Herniosa, Hernia—e. Splenis,  Sple-
nectopia.
   ECTOPOCYS'TICUS,  from «r0™t,  'out of
place,' and kvotis, 'bladder.'   A disease depend-
ent upon displacement of the bladder.
   ECTOPROTIC, Eccoprotic.'
   ECTOZO'A,  (sing. Ectozo'on,) Extozo'a,  Erto-  '
toa'ria,  (F.) Extozoairee; from tKros, 'outside,'
ECZEMA
and faov, 'an  animal.'  Parasitic  animals that
infest the exterior of the body,—as lice.  A term
which, like  Helmin'thia errat'ica, Paeudohelmin'-
thee, and Paendopar'aaitcs, is applied, also,  to
worms or larves of insects that have been intro-
duced into tbe intestinal canal by accident.  Ani-
malcules, most frequently swallowed, are the
hairworm, leech, grub of the  fly, caddy insdct—
Phala'na penguina'lie; the larve of the bee, the
spider,  the  triton palua'tria,  lacer'ta  aquat't'ea,
Ac. In animals, bots are produced by swallowing
the ova of the oestrus or gadfly.  See Helminthia
erratica.
   ECTRIM'MA, from tKTpifa, (tK, and rpidot,) 'I
rub off.'  Ulceration of  the skin ; and particu-
larly that which arises from  the pressure of the
bed on different parts of the body, after a pro-
tracted confinement.—Hippocrates.
   ECTRODACTYL'IA,from tKrpiaots, 'abortion,'
and iaKrvXos,' a finger.' A malformation, in which
one or more fingers or toes are wanting.
   ECTROG"EXY,   Ectrogen'ia,   Ectrogen'eeie,
from tKrpuois,  'abortion,' and ytvtots, 'generation.'
Monstrosity by defect.—Serres.
   ECTRO'MA, Abortion.
   ECTRO'MELES,  from txrputots, 'abortion,'and
ptXos, 'a limb.' A genus of  monsters, in  which
the limbs are  nearly or altogether deficient, as in
the ordinary cetacea.—I. G. St. Hilaire.
   EC'TROPE,  Divertic'ttlum, from txrptnu, (tx,
and rpttu,) 'I turn off,'  'divert.'  Any duct  by
which peccant or morbific matter was supposed to
be drawn off.—Hippocrates.
   ECTROPION,  same  etymon.   Ectrop'ium,
Euer'sio palpebra,  Blepharopto'eie Ectro'pium,
Blepharoto'eie,  Palpebra  infe'rior  extror'aum
fle-ca, Divarica'tio seu Reflex'io seu Reclina'tia
palpebra'rum, (¥.)  Eraillement dee Pattpilrea,
Renveraement   dea Pattpilrea.   Eversion of tha
eyelids, so that they do not completely cover the
globe of the eye.  It happens more commonly to
the lower than to the upper  eyelid.   It may be
owing to the retraction of the  skin,  after the cure
of an ulcer, wound,  or burn of the eyelid; or it
may depend on tumefaction or relaxation of the
conjunctiva.  In the majority of cases, removal
of a portion of the conjunctiva will effect a cure;
but there are  many which defy the efforts of art.
The ancients  called Ectropion of the upper eyelid
lagophthnlmia.
   ECTROSIS, Abortion.
   ECTROSMOS, Abortion.
   ECTROT'IC, from tKrpwpa, (tK, and rtrpiaoKw,
 'I wound,') 'abortion.' Ectrot'icus, Abortive. An
epithet  applied to  methods  for preventing the
 development  or causing the abortion of any dis-
 ease— as  of chancres  by the use of caustic;
small-pox pustules by the use of mercurial oint-
 ment, Ac.
   ECTYLOTICUS,  Catheretic.
   ECTYMPANOSIS, Tympanites.
   ECUMEUX, Frothy.
   ECUSSONS.  'Escutcheons or shields.'  Plas-
 ters spread upon the skin ; or  small bags—aachete
—of the shape of escutcheons, filled with odorous
 powders, which  are applied on the  skin.  See
 Sachet.
   ECZEMA,  from  «£W| (tx, and  £«o,) 'I I oil
 out,' ' I effervesce.'  Eczes'ma, Ecees'ma, Pus'tula
 ardene,  Cytia'ma Eczema, Humid S'-all or Tetter,
 Running Scall, (¥.)  Dartre equammeuar humide,
 D.  rive,  Gtde SpidSmique.   Heat eruption. An
 eruption of small  vesicles on  various parts of the
 skin, usually  set close or crowded together; with
 little or no inflammation around their bases, and
 unattended by fever.
   Eczema Capitis, E. of the hairy scalp.
I   Eczema of the Face, at an advanced stage, 
ECZEMATOSES            3
and ocourring in young children, has been de-
scribed under the names Crueta  lactea and Por-
rigo larvalie.
  Ec'zema OF the  Hairy Scalp, Eczema cap'i-
tia,  Veaic'ular  scall,  is  often  confounded with
other affections, under  the  names Porrigo and
Tinea, which are pustular, not vesicular, in their
form. It occurs during dentition, and even after-
wards, and the discharge is so profuse, that the
bead  appears  as  if  dipped  in  some glutinous
liquid.  By and by,  the secretion dries into crusts
and mats the hair into little separate tufts.   The
scalp gives evidence of inflammatory excitement,
and the lymphatic ganglions of  the neck are apt
to become inflamed and suppurate.
  A variety of humid scalled head, in which the
humour from  the excoriated surface  runs  down
upon the hairs, and encloses them  in little silvery
pellicles or sheaths, has received the name Asbes-
tos Scall.
  Ec'zema  Impetigino'des,  Gall,  Grocers'  or
Bricklayers' Itch.   Produced by the irritation  of
sugar or lime.
  Ec'zema Mercuria'le, E. rubrum,  Erythe'ma
mercuria'le  seu  ichoro'sum,  Hydrargyria, Hy-
drargyro'sia, Hydrargyriaaia,Morbua mercuria'Iia,
Mercu'rial lepra or raah.  A variety of eczema,
arising from the irritation of mercury.  The treat-
ment is chiefly palliative, consisting  in ablution
with mucilaginous  infusions or decoctions; mild
 dressings, where the cuticle has exfoliated ; avoid-
ing all irritation; keeping the bowels open; with
 the use of sulphuric acid and cinchona.
   Eczema Rubrum, Eczema mercuriale.
   ECZEMATO'SES, (G.) Eczematosen, same
 etymon.  A family of diseases,  in the classifica-
 tion of Fuchs, including morbid conditions of the
 cutaneous secretions—as of the perspiration, se-
 baceous and  colouring  matters, Ac,  and hence
 many chronic  cutaneous affections.  His subdi-
 visions are, ephidroaea,  smegmorrh&a,  acarpa,
 polycarpa, and monocarpa.
   ECZESIS, Effervescens.
   ECZESMA,  Eczema, Lichen tropicus.
   EDEMATOUS, Qlldematous.
   EDENTATUS, Edentulus.
   EDEN'TULI, Nefrendes.
   EDEN'TULOUS,£Me;ifa'fec7, Eden'tulua, Eden-
 ta'tua, from e, and  dena, dentia,  ' a tooth.'  An'o-
 dtta, Carene den'tibue, Nodee, Nodue, (¥.) EdentS.
 One  without  teeth.   This defect can  only  be
 remedied by artificial means.  See Nefrendes.
   EDERA, Hedera helix.
   EDIBLE, Esculent.
   E'DOCEPHALE, from atiota,  the 'sexual or-
 gans,' and KtipaXn, ' head.'  A monster, which has
 the  two ears near each other, or united under the
 head, the jaws atrophied; no mouth, and  above
 the  eye a tube (trompe) resembling a penis.—I.
 G. St. Hilaire.
   EDROPPIT, Hvdropic
   EDUCATIO INFANTUM, Paedia.
   EDULCORA'TION,  Glycan'eie, Edulcora'tio,
 from e, and dttlci8, 'sweet.'  An operation,  the
 object of which  is to deprive a substance  of its
 acrid and disagreeable taste, or at least to disguise
 it.   Also, the addition  of a saccharine substance
 to a medicine, whose taste it is desirable to modify
 agreeably.
   E~DULE. Comestible.
   EDULIS, Comestible.
   EE,  Eye.
   EESKIN, Singultus.
   EEWINKER, Palpebra.
   EF'FERENT, Ef'fe.rens, Centrifugal, Exod'ic,
 from effero, (e, and fero), ' I carry,'  ' transport.'
 Conveying outwards, as from  the centre to  the
 periphery.
3               EFFUSION
  Vaea efferen'tia are those lymphatic or chyli-
ferous vessels which issue from the glands to con-
vey their lymph to the thoracic duet; so called
to distinguish them from  those which pass to
those glands, and which have been  termed  vaea
afferen'tia seu inferen'tia.  Also, nerves that con-
vey the nervous influence from  the nervous cen-
tres to the circumference.  See Afferent.
  At the  upper extremity of the  mediastinum
testis,  the ducts of the rete testis  terminate in
from 9 to 30  small  ducts, called vasa efferentia,
which  forms the Coni vasculo'si.
  EFFERVES'CENCE, Effervescen'tia, Zeaia,
Ec'zeaia, from efferveacere, (e, and fervescere,) 'to
grow hot.'  That agitation, which is produced by
the escape of gas through a liquid, independently
of the  heat of the mixture; such, for instance, as
results from the mixture of acetic acid and  car-
bonate of potassa.
  In Pathology it has a similar signification.  It
expresses, in  the language  of  the  humorists, a
sort of ebullition in the fluids of the living body,
produced  either by elevation of temperature or
by the reaction on each other  of the principles
contained in  the fluids in circulation.
  EFFETUS, Impoverished.
  EFFICA'CIOUS,  Ef'flcax, from efficere, (e,
and facere,)  ' to accomplish.'  That which  pro-
duces  a great effect,—as 'an efficacious remedy.'
  Medicina  efficax, La Medecine  efficace,  is a
term sometimes applied to surgery.
   EFFILA,  Ephelides.
  EFFLATIO, Ecphysesis,
  EFFLATUS, Ecphysesis.
   EFFLORATIO, Exanthem.
   EFFLORES'CENCE, Efftora'tio, Efflorescen'-
tia, from effloreseere, (e, and floreacere,) 'to blow
as a-flower.'  Stribillgo, Eethy'ma.
  In Pathology, efflorescence has the same mean-
ing as exanthema;  and, in the  nosology of  Sau-
vages, the name is given to that order of diseases.
Sometimes, it is confined, to the cutaneoua bluah,
the exanthe'ai8 of Good.
  Efflorescence is, also, the  conversion of a solid
substance into a pulverulent state by exposure to
the air.  In  salts  this is generally owing to the
loss of a part of their water of crystallization.
   EFFLORESCENCE ER YSIPELATEUSE,
Roseolas.
   EFFLORESCENTIA, Exanthem.
   EFFLORESCENTLE, Elevurea.
   EFFLUVIUM, Emanation — e.  Latrinarium,
Milte—e. Palustre, Miasm, Marsh.
   Effluxion, Abortion.
   EFFORT, (e, and fortis, 'strong.')  Nisns, Co-
na'tus, Peira.  A muscular contraction of greater
or less strength, the object of which is, either to
resist an external  force, or to accomplish a func-
tion, which  has become naturally  laborious: —
such are, the act of pushing away, or of drawing
a body towards us, and the  more or less painful
efforts used by the mother to cause  the expulsion
of the foetus.   In France, the word  effort is often
used synonymously with hernia;  and  signifies,
likewise, tho painful  twitches of muscles,  occa-
sioned by over-exertion, or by the  rupture of
some of their fleshy fibres.  Sauvages calls Efforts
dee reins, Lnmba'go d nisu, the  pain in  the loins
occasioned by bearing too heavy a burden.
   EFFORT, Hernia—e. dee Peine, see  Effort.
   EFFOSSIO, Exhumation.
   EFFRACTURA, Ecpiesma.
   Effractu'ra Cranii, Enthla'sis Cra'nii, Frac-
ture of the Cranium, with depression.—Par6.
   EFFRENITATIO, Hypercatharsis.
   EFFUSIO, Effusion—e. Seminis, Ejaculation.
   E¥¥\J'SI0S,Effu'8io,Ec'chyaia, from effundere,
(e, and fundere, fusum,) 'to pour out.' (F.) Epan- 
£gare~
chement, (Infiltration  is the term generally em-
ployed  for effcsion into the  areolar membrane.
The pouring out of blood  or of any other fluid
into the areolar membrane, or  into the cavities
of the body.  The effueion of eerum or of coagu-
lable  lymph, for instance, is a common result of
inflammation of serous membranes.
,  EG ARE, Wild.
  EGAREMENT D'ESPRIT,  Delirium, In-
sanity.
  EGER, MINERAL WATERS  OF  THE.  In
the valley of the Eger, at the western extremity of
Bohemia, there are several acidulous springs. One
of the most frequented of these is Franzensbad.
  EGE'RIA.   In ancient mythology, a nymph
to whom pregnant females offered sacrifices ut
conceptns olvua faciliua egeretnr.  By some, sup-
posed to have been identical with Lucina.
  EGESTA, see Excretion.
  EGESTAS, Want.
  EGESTIO, Defecation, Dejection, Excretion.
  EGGBED, Ovarium.
  EGG-BRANDY, see Ovum.
  EGG-PLANT, Solanum  melongena—e.  White
of, Albumen ovi.
  EGLANTIER  DE CHIEN, Rosa  canina—e.
Sauvage, Rosa canina.
  EGOBRONCHOPHONY, see Egophony.
  EGO PHONE, Egophony.
  EGOPn'ONIC, AErjopho'nicua, (¥.) Egopho-
nique.  Same etymon as the next.  Having the
character of, or relating to, egophony.
  EGOPHONIQUE^gonhonie.
  EGOPH'ONY, JEgopho'nia, from ail, aiyos, 'a
 roat,' and  tboivn, 'voice.'   Caprilo'quium, Trago-
 \iho'nia, Goal a Voice, Bleating Voice, (¥.) Ego-
 phonie,  Voix chSvrotante seu egophonique  seu de
 Polichinelle seu sSnile, Pectoriloquie chSvrotante.
 Laennec has designated by this name, the kind
of  resonance  of  the voice heard  through the
stethoscope, when we examine  the  chest  of one
labouring under moderate effusion into one of the
pleurae.  The voice, which strikes the ear through
the cylinder, is more sharp and harsh than usual,
and tremulous and broken, like that of the goat.
The patient himself is called Egophone.   Bouil-
laud affirms,  that the 'bronchial and  bleating
voice,' (Sgobrotichophonii) is the principal symp-
tom of pleuropneumonia.  Egophony exists, how-
ever, in eases of hepatization where there is no
pleural disease.
   EGREGOR'SIS, Vigil'ia,Vigili'a, Vigilan'tia>
 Vigila'tio,  Vigil turn, from  typtyoptia, 'I  watch.'
 Watchfulness.  A morbid want of sleep.—Galen.
   EGRESSUS VENTRICULI, Pylorus.
   EIDOS, ttios, ' form, resemblance.'   The « is
 often- changed into u>, at the termination of  a
 word.  Thus, Hamatoi' des or Hamato'dee.
   EILAMIDES, Meninges.
   EILE'MA, from tiXtos, R'eus, (ttXtu, 'I roll,')
 ' a convolution.'   Vogel has given  this name to
 a fixed pain, occupying some portion of the in-
 testinal canal, which  the patient compares to the
 sensation that would be produced by a nail driven
 into the part.
   EILEON, neon.
   EILEUS, Ileus.
   EILOID, (Tumour,) Eilo'i'dee, from etXtta, 'I
 roll,' and ttios, 'resemblance.'  A morbid growth
 of the cutis, coiled or folded.
   EILSEN, MINERAL WATERS OF.   Eilsen
 is* about six German miles from Hanover, at the
 foot  of the Harrelberg.   It has eleven springs,
 of  which seven are sulphureous and four chaly-
 beate.
   EISANTHE'MA, Exanthe'ma  inter'num, En-
tanthe'ma, 'from tts, 'within,' and avBnpa, 'efflo-
4            ELiEOPHANES
rescence.  An eruption on a mucous membrane)
—aphthae, for example.
  EISBOLE, Attack, Injection.
  EISPNOE, Inspiration.
  EJACULATIO, Ejaculation — e. Seminis Im*
pedita, Bradyspermatismus.
  EJACULA'TION, Ejacula'tio, from e, and ja-
culor, (itself from jacere,) 'I throw.'  Gonobol'in,
Gonobolie'mue, Ejaculutio seu Profu'eio seu Efff'-
8t'o Sem'inis, Expatra'tio, Patra'tio, Spermob'ole.
The  emission of  sperm.  That which  occurs
during coition  has been  termed Ineemina'tioit.
The act, by which that fluid is darted out through
the urethra.
  EJACULA'TOR.  Same etymon.   That which
effects  the emission of sperm.   See  Transversus
perinaei.
  Ejaculator Seminis, Accelerator urinae.
  EJACULATORY, Ejaculato'riua, Ejuc'tilans:
same  etymon.   (F.) Ejaculateur,  Ejaculatoire.
Concerned in the ejaculation of sperm.
  Ejaculatory Ducts or Canals, (F.) Conduits
ou Canatix Sjaculatenre, are formed by the union
of the vasa deferentia with the ducts of the vesi-
culae  seminales.  They open at  the lateral and
anterior parts of the verumontanum,'and convey
into  the  urethra  the sperm which is  discharged
from the vesiculae, as well  as that which  comes
directly  from the testicle  by  the vas deferens.
Between them  there is often a depression, some-
times of  a large  size, which is termed Utric'ulue,
U. prostat'icux, Veai'ca seu veaic'ula proatat'ica,
Sinua pocula'ria seu proa'tata, Corpua'culumWeb-
eria'num, Webe'rian organ or  corpuacle,  which
has been regarded as the analogue to the uterus
in the female, and thence  called U'terua niuscii-
11n ita.
  EJECTIO, Excretion—c. Faecum, Defecation.
  EJECTION, Ejec'tio, from ejicere,  ejectum, (e,
and jacere,) 'to throw  out pr eject.'   The  excre-
tion of the faeces, urine, sputa, Ac.
  EL  NISPERO, Sapota.
  ELABORA'TION,  Elabora'tio,  from  e, and
laborare,  laboratum,  'to  work.' This  word is
used,  by physiologists,  to signify the  various
changes which substances susceptible of assimi-
lation  undergo,  through  the   action of  living
organs, before they are capable of serving for nu-
trition.  The food is said to be elaborated  in the
stomach  during  the  formation  of  chyme;  the
chyme is elaborated in the small intestine before
it is chyle, Ac.
  EL.33A, Olea Europaea.
   ELiEAGNUS, Myrica gale—e. Cordo, Myrica
gale.
   EL.EOCARPUS COPALLIFERUS, Copal.
   ELJEOCEROLE, Cerate.
   ELJSOM'ELI, from  tXatov, 'oil,' and utXi,
'honey.'   Dioscorides means,  by  this,  an  oil
thicker than honey, and of a sweet taste, which
flows from the trunk of a tree in Syria.  It is
acrid  and  purgative;  and sometimes occasions
serious symptoms, according  to that author.—
Gorraeus.
   ELJEOM'ETER, from tXaiov,  'oil,'  and ptrptv,
'measure.'  A very delicate glass hydrometer, for
testing the  purity of olive or almond oil, by  de-
termining their  densities.  The 0 or zero of  the
scale is the  point at which the  instrument floats
in the oil of poppy seeds.  In  pure  olive oil, it
floats at 50°, and the space between these points
is divided into 50 equal parts, and numbered ac-
cordingly.   It floats at 38° or 38£° in pure oil of
almonds.
   EL.EON, Oil.
   EL^EOPH'ANES, from tXatov, 'oil,' and <patvo-
pat, 'I appear.'   That which has the appearance
of oil; as Uri'na elaoph'anes. 
EL.&0-SACCHARUM  ,      325            ELECTUARIUM
   EL^EO-SACCHARUM, from tXatov, 'oil,' and
 eaKxap,  'sugar.'   O'leo-Sac'charum, Bal'samo-
 Sac'charum,  (¥.) OlSoaacdtarolS.  A  medicine,
 composed of essential oil and sugar.  It was made
 by pouring upon an  ounce of  sugar, reduced  to
 an impalpable powder, :js3 or £j of an essential
 oil;  the mixture being triturated until  the two
 substances were perfectly united.—Rolfink.
   ELAIN, see Fat.
   ELAIS GUINEENSIS, see Cocos butyracea—
 e. Occidentalis, see Cocos butyracea.
   ELAN, "Cervus alces.
   ELANCEMENT,  see Lancinating.
   ELAPHOBOSCUM, Pastinaca sativa.
   ELAPHOM'YCES GRANULA'TUS, E. offici-
 na'lis, (tXstpas, 'a stag,' and pvKns, 'a  fungus.')
 Lycoperdon cervlnum, Cervi  fiole'tue,  Bole'tua
 cervi'nus, Tuber cervlnum, Hart'e Truffles, Deer
 Balls,  Lycoperdon  nuts.   Nat.  Order,  Fungi.
 Formerly used in the preparation of a Balaamua
 apoplecticua, and to promote labour and tbe secre-
 tion  of  milk.  Given,  also, as an  aphrodisiac.
 Dose, Jiss, in powder.
   ELAPHRIUM ELEMIFERUM, see Amyris
 elemifera—e. Tomentosum, Fagara octandra.
   ELAPSUS, Luxation.
   ELAS'MA, from tXawoi, 'I drive up.' A clyster
 pipe.—Linden.
   ELASTES, Elasticity.
   ELASTICINE, see Fibrous.
   ELASTICITY, Elastic"Has, El'ater, Elas'tes,
 Elates,  Vis elas'tica, Tone, Tonic"ity, (¥.) Con-
 tractilitS de Tisstt, ContractilitS par  defaut d'ex-
 tension, from tXavvto, 'I impel,' tXaarns,  'a driver.'
 The  property by which certain bodies return  to
 their proper size and shape,  where these have
 been modified by pressure or otherwise.  It is
 possessed by  the dead as well as by the living
- solid.
   ELATE, Pinus picea—e. Theleia, Pinus rubra.
   ELATER, Elasticity.  •
   ELATERINE, see Momordica elaterium.
   ELATERIUM, Extractum elaterii, Momordica
 elaterium—e. Cordifolium, Momordica elaterium.
   ELATES, Elasticity.
   ELATIN, see Momordica elaterium.
   ELATINE, Antirhinum elatine — e. Cymbala-
 ria,  Antirhinum linaria—e. Hastata, Antirhinum
 elatine.
   ELBOCK, Elbow.
   ELBOW, Sax. elbosa, from  ell, and 6010; tbe
 bend of the ulna.  Cu'bitus, Ancon, Pechys, Ulna,
 Umbo,  (Sc.) Elbock, Elbuck, (¥.) Cottde.   This
 word, abstractedly, means the angle formed  by
 the  union of two straight bodies.  It is particu-
 larly applied to the articulation of the arm with
 the  forearm,  and  especially  to the projection
 formed by the olecranon process at the  posterior
 part  of the joint
   Elbow, Miners', see Miners' Elbow.
   ELBUCK, Elbow.
   ELCAJA, Triehilia emetica.
   ELCOMA, Ulcer.
   ELC0PLAST1', Helcoplasty.
   ELCO'SIS, Helco'sis, Elco'ma, Hclco'ma, from
 'tXaos, 'an  ulcer.'   Ulceration  in  general.  An
 ulcer.  A deep ulceration  of the cornea, in con-
 tequence of a blow or of violent inflammation.—
 Galen, Par6.
   Sauvages applies  the term  to a state of the
 body, in which there  are numerous ulcerations of
 an obstinate character, complicated with caries,
 putresceney, low fever, Ac.
   ELCUSTER, Embryulcus.
   ELDER, Sainbueus — e. Common,  Sambucus
 Canadensis—e. Dwarf, Aralia hispida,  Sambucus
 ebulus — e. Prickly, Aralia spinosa — e. Redber-
 ricd. Sambucus cubens.
  ELECAMPANE, Inula helenium
  ELECTRICITAS, Electricity—e.  Animalis,
Galvanism—e. Galvanica,  Galvanism—e. Metal-
lica, Galvanism.
  ELECTRICITY, Electric"itas, from nXtarpov,
'amber/—the substance in which it was first no-
ticed.  Electricity is used medicinally as  an ex-
citant.  It has been occasionally employed with
success in paralysis, rheumatism, accidental deaf-
ness,  amaurosis,  amenorrhoea, Ac, but it is un-
certain, and not much used ; and the cases are not
always clear in which it could  be of service.  It
may be  communicated  by means of the  electric
bath — Bain  Slectrique, as it  has  been  called;
which consists in  placing the patient upon an
insulated stool, and connecting him with the prime
conductor, of which he  thus becomes a part.  The
fluid  may be communicated by points, sparks, or
by shocks, according to the required intensity.
  Electricity, Chemical, Galvanism — c Con-
tact,  Galvanism — e. Magnetic, Electro-Magne-
tism—e. Voltaic, Galvanism.
  ELECTRIFY, from electric,  and  flo, 'I
make.'  (F.) Electrieer.  To produce the  electri-
cal  condition in  a body, or  to render it  suscep-
tible of producing electrical  phenomena.  It is
often  used to signify the act of communicating
the  electric fluid  to man.
  ELECTRISER, to electrify.
  ELECTRO'DES, from nAcorpov,  'amber,'  and
ttios, 'resemblance.'  An epithet for evacuations,
which shine like  amber.—Hippocrates, Foesius.
  ELECTRO-LITHOT'RITY. The disintegra-
tion of  calculi  in  the  bladder by the mechan-
ical force of the  electrical discharge, applied by
an appropriate apparatus.
  ELECTRO-MAG'NETISM, Magnet'ic  elec-
tric" ity.  An electro-magnetic apparatus is occa-
sionally used in cases of paralysis.  A convenient
form consists of  a  battery of six curved  perma-
nent magnets, and an intensity armature, around
whose cylinders 1500 yards of fine insulated cop-
per wire are coiled.  The ends of the wire commu-
nicate respectively, with a pair of directors, each
of which holds a piece of sponge, dipped in vine-
gar or a solution  of  common  salt.   When the
armature is rotated, and a portion of the body is
interposed between the directors, a succession of
shocks is received.
  ELECTROPUNCTURE,^ec<ro^wic««ra'f/on,
El< ctroatix'ia, Galvanopuncture.  The operation
of inserting  two or more wires, and  then  con-
necting them to  the poles of the galvanic appa-
ratus.
  ELECTROSTIXIS,  Electropuncture.
  ELECTRUM,  Succinum.
  ELECTUAIRE,  Electuarium — e. Dentifrice,
Dentifrice—e. Simple, Conserva.
  ELECTUA'RIUM, Eleeta'rium, Opia'tum, (Old
Eng.) Allectuary, an Electuary, (¥.)  Electuaire
SaccharolS inou,  from  eligere,  electttm, 'to make
choice.'   A pharmaceutical composition of a soft
consistence,  somewhat  thicker than honey,  and
formed of powders, pulps, extracts, syrup, honey,
Ac.   In the London  and  American  Pharma-
copoeias,  electuaries are classed under  Confec-
tions.
  Electuarium de Aloe, Opiatum mesenterieum
—e. Aperiens, Confectio sennae—e. Aromaticum,
Confectio aromatica—e. Cassiae, Confectio cassiae
— e. Cassiae fistulae, Confectio cassias — e. Cassias
sennae, Confectio sennae—e. Cassiae tamarindatum,
seu  lenitivum, Confectio cassiae—e. Catechu, Con-
fectio catechu compositum—e. Catholicum com-
mune, Confectio  sennas — e. Cinchonae, Opiatum
febrifugum — e. de Croco emendatum, Confectio
hyacinthi — e. Diaprunum, Confectio  sennae — e.
Eccoproticum, Confectio sennae—e. de Kina kini, 
ELECTUARY             326               ELEVATOR
 Opiatum febrifugum — e. Laxativum, Confectio |
 cassiae—e. Lenitivum, Confectio sennae—e. Opia-
 tum, Confectio opii—e. Piperis, Confectio piperis
 — e.  Seammonii, Confectio scammoniae — e.  e
 Scammonio, Confectio scammonire — e. Sennae,
 Confectio sennae—e. Sennae compositum, Confectio
 sennae—e. Sennae cum pulpis, Confectio sennae—
 c. Solidum, Tabella —e.  Thebaicum, Confectio
*opii.
    ELECTUARY, Electuarium—e. Lenitive, Con-
 fectio sennae.
    ELEENCEPHALE, from  tXatov, 'oil,'  and
 tyKtjiaXov, 'encephalon.' A fatty matter found by
 Couerbe in the encephalic neurine.
    ELELISPHACOS, Salvia.
    EL'EMENT,  Elemen'tum, from  ancient  eleo
 for oleo, 'to grow'  [?], Princip'ium, P. Primitl-
 vum,  Stoiehelon. A simple, ultimate constituent
 or principle in the human  body,  which forms tbe
 basis of a fibre or tissue.  Also,  a constituent of
 a compound organ.  The  inorganic elemente are
 simple  principles.  An organic element,  proxi-
 mate  principle  or compound of  organization, re-
 sults  from  the  union of  certain inorganic ele-
 ments.   Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and azote,
 are inorganic elements; fibrin, albumen, osma-
 zome, Ac, organic  elements.
    Elements, Organic, Principles, immediate—e.
 Sarcous, see Sarcous.
    ELEMENTARY CELL, see Cell.
    ELEMENTUM ACIDIFICUM, Oxygen.
    ELEMI, Amyris elemifera.
    ELENIUM, Inula helenium.
    ELEO'CIIARIS  PALUS'TRIS, Scirpue pa-
 lua'tria;  indigenous.   Ord.  Cyperaceae.   The
 flowering tops, seeds and roots are astringent, and
 have been used in diarrhoea and hemorrhage.
    ELEOLES, Olea medicinalia.
    ELEOSELINUM, Apium petroselinum.
    ELEPHANTI'ASIS,  Elephanti'a,  Elephan-
 tiae'mue,  Elephae, Laz'ari morbua seu malum,
 Phcenic"eua morbua, Phymato'aie Elephantlaaia,
 from tXttpas, tXtipavros, 'an elephant.'   Various
 affections have  been  described  under this name,
 by adding an epithet.  It is ordinarily and gene-
 rically  applied  to a condition, in which the skin
 is thick, livid, rugous, tubcrculate, and insensible
 to feeling.
    Elephantiasis  of the  Antilles, Barba'does
 Leg,  Gland'ular diaeaee of Barbadoee, (¥.) Jambes
 de Barbade, is the Elephantiasis of many writers,
 Biicne'mia.  It  is characterized  by the leg being
  enormously tumid  and misshapen; skin thick-
  ened, livid, and rugous,   often scaly;  scrotum,
  arms, or  other parts sometimes participating in
  the affection.  The Biicne'mia  Trop'ica, Cochin
  leg, is an affection of this kind.
    Elephanti'asis  Arab'ica, Tyrlaeie,  Elephae,
  Elephantiasis, E. In'dica, Elephanti'a  Ar'abttm,
  Lepra  Arabum  (of some), Maladie glandulaire,
  Ladrerie, Yava Skin of the Polynesians [?].  In
  this  the  tubercles are chiefly  on  the  face and
  joints.  There  is  loss of  hair, except on the
  scalp;  voice, hoarse and  nasal; and the disease
  is said to be contagious and hereditary.  It most
  frequently attacks  the feet; and gives  the lower
  extremity a fancied resemblance to the leg of an
  elephant, whence its name.  The seat of the dis-
  ease seems to be in the  lymphatic vessels and
  glands, and in  the subcutaneous areolar tissue:
  the inflammatory  condition of  which  is accom-
  panied with general morbid symptoms.  Medicine
  his little or no effect on this loathsome complaint.
  See Lepra.
    . Elephantiasis  of Cayenne,  Mal  rouge de
   Cayenne, seems to  be a variety of Lepra, charac-
  terised by  red  and yellow spots, occupying the
  forehead, ears,  hands, loins, Ac, afterwards ex-
tending  and becoming scaly, with deformity of
the parts where they are seated, particularly of
the face ; and ultimately producing cracks, ulcers,
caries, and sometimes death.
   Elephantiasis  of  the Greeks, E.  Graco'-
rum, is probably the same disease as Lepra.
   Elephantiasis  of Inpia  is characterized  by
red, livid, or yellowish spots, slightly prominent,
to which succeed indolent tumours, formed in the
areolar texture.  At a more advanced period the
phalanges swell, and become ulcerated; the bones
of the nose carious, the lips  thickened/ and ema-
ciation gradually carries off the patient.  It like-
wise belongs to lepra.
   Elephantiasis Italtca,  Pellagra.
   Elephantiasis of Java  is likewise a variety
 of lepra, characterized by  large white  tumours
Ion the  toes and*fingers, resembling  scrofulous
 tumefactions.  These  tumours ulcerate,  and the
 ulcerations spread  from the extremities towards
 the trunk, destroying even the bones.   Amputa-
 tion can alone arrest its progress.  The disease
 is  often accompanied by alopecia, and by  an
 eruption of red spots.
   ELEPHAN'TINUM  EMPLAS'TRUM, EAt-
 tpavnvov.  An  ancient plaster,  composed  of 30
 parts  of ceru88, 45  of wax,  oil  Ibss, water Ibj.—
 Castelli.  Oribasius and  Celsus both mention a
 plaster  of this name, but they are by no  means
 similar in  composition.
   ELEPHANTOMMA, Buphthalmia.
   ELEPHAN'TOPUS, (F.) ElSphantope; from
 tXttpas, 'elephant,' and novs,  'foot.'   One affected
 with elephantiasis.
   ELEPHANTUSIA, Phytelephas macrocarpa.
   ELEPHAS, Elephantiasis, Ivory.
   ELETTARIA   CARDAMOMUM,  Amomum
 cardamomum.
   ELEUTERIA, Croton cascarilla.
   ELEVATEUR, Elevator—£ Commun de I'aile
 du nez et de la Uvre eupSrieure, Levator labii su-
 perioris alreque nasi—S. de I'CEil, Rectus superior
 oculi—S. de la Paupilre  eupSrieure, Levator pal-
 pebral superioris.
   ELEVATOIRE, Elevator.
   ELEVA'TIO  U'TERI.   Ascent of the uterus.
 This  displacement occasionally  occurs,  in  the
 unimpregnated state, in  connection with  fibrous
 uterine, and enlarged ovarian tumours.
   ELEVA'TOR,  Levator,  from elevare, (e, and
 levare,) 'to lift up.'  (F.) ElSvateur.  A muscle,
 whose function it  is to raise the part into which
 it is inserted.  See Levator.
    Elevator,  Elevato'rium, Vectie  elevato'ritta,
 ElSvatoire.  A name given to different  surgical
 instruments employed for raising portions of bone
 which have been  depressed, for raising  and de-
 taching the  portion  of  bone separated by  the
 crown  of the trepan, and  for  removing stumps
 of teeth.
    Elevator Ani, Levator ani—e. Labii inferio-
 ris, Levator labii  inferioris — c. Labii superioris
 proprius,  Levator  labii  superioris  proprius — e.
  Labiorum communis, Levator  anguli  oris — e.
  Oculi, Rectus superior oculi—e. Patientiae, Leva-
  tor scapulae — e. Scapulae, Levator scapulae — e
  Testiculi, Cremaster — e. Urethrae, see Transver-
 sa perinsei.
    Elevator, Common.   This is a mere lever, the
 end of which is somewhat bent and made rough,
  in order that it may less readily slip away from
  the portion of bone which  is to be raised.   The
 instrument is used, by forming a fulcrum for it,
  either  on the hand which  holds it, or  upon the
  fingers of the other hand ;  or by making a  fixed
  point for it on the edge of the opening made with
  the trephine.
    Elevator of Louis differed from the last only 
tiLEVE EXTERNE          32 7            ELLEBORASTER
in the circumstance of the screw-peg being united
to the bridge by a kind of pivot instead of hinge,
so that, greater extent of motion was permitted.
  Elevator of Petit consists of a lever mounted
op a handle, and  straight  throughout its whole
length, except at its very end, which is slightly
curved,  in order that  it may be more conveni-
ently put under the portion of bone intended to
be elevated.  The lever is pierced  at various dis-
tances  from its  butt-end with several holes, in-
tended for the reception  of a movable screw-peg,
fixed on  the top  of a kind  of  bridge.  This part
of the instrument consists of an arch, the ends
of which are long, and covered with small  pads,
and on  its centre is the screw-peg already men-
tioned.   By means of these holes the arm of tho
lever can be lengthened at  pleasure.
  Elevator, Trip'loid, Vtctie triploi'dea.  This
was so called from its consisting of three branches,
uniting above in one common  trunk.  The  latter
part was traversed by a long screw, having below
a kind of hook, and above a  handle  for turning
it.  By  turning  the screw, the hook was drawn
up, and the bone thus elevated.
  The  simple lever  is  the only one now  used,
owing to the want of facility and  advantages in
the use of the others.
  ELEVE EXTERNE, see House-surgeon — S.
Interne, House-surgeon.
  ELEVURES (F.),  Effloreacentia.   A generic
name, including all the exanthemata, in which
there  is  tumefaction  of the tissue of the  skin.
See Exanthem.
  ELF-LOCK.  A condition of the hair in which
it is matted and twisted into locks, as in plica.
Supposed, in olden times, to have  been the work
of elves or fairies.
  ELIASTER, Ilech.
  ELICHRYSUM, Solidago virgaufta—e.  Mon-
tanum, Antennaria dioica.
  ELICOIDES,  Capreolaris.
  ELIGMA, Eclectos.
  ELIMINANflA, Eccritica.
  ELIMINATIVES, Eccritica.
  ELIQUATIO, Colliquation.
  ELIXA'TIO, Epse'sis, from  elixua, le, and lix,
'water,  liquor, lye,')  'boiled,'  'sodden.'  This
word has been used synonymously with Decoc-
tion.  The act of boiling.
  ELIX'IR, lair,  Ixir, Quellea,  Alex'ir.   The
etymology of  this  word is not clear.  Lemery
derives  it from tXxui, 'I extract;' and also from
aXt^iv, 'I aid.'  Others  believe it to be from Ara-
bic, al-ecair, or al-ekair, 'chymistry.'  An elixir
is a  medicine composed of various  substances
held in  solution  in alcohol. The name has been
used,  however, for preparations which  contain
no spirit of wine.
  Elixir Ac"idum Halleri  seu  Dippel'ii,
E.  Antipodag'rictim  seu  Antinephrelicum seu
Siilpliu'rico-ac"idum, Gutta ac"ida tallica, Aqua
Rabe'lii, Liquor ac"idue Halleri, Mistu'ra sul-
philrico-ac"ida,  JEther eulphu'rictta  ac"idua,
Ac"idum aulphu'rieum alcooliaa'tum, A. vitriol-
icum vino'sitm, Alcohol  Sulphurica'turn, A. eul-
phu'ricum, is a mixture of concentrated sulphuric
acid and alcohol — in  the  Eau de Rabel, of one
part of  the  former to  three of the latter.  It is
employed as an astringent in hemorrhages,  Ac.
  Elixir Aloes,  Tinctura aloes composita — e.
Anthelminticum  Succorum, Tinctura jalapii com-
posita.
  Elixir,  Anti-Asthmat'ic,  of   Boerhaave.
This elixir is composed of  alcohol, aniaeed, cam-
phor, orria, asarabaeca root, calamua aromaticiia,
liquorice, and elecampane.  It  is given in asthma,
In the dose of  20 or 30 drops.
  Elixir Antihypochondriacum, Tinctura cin-
[i chonae amara — e.  Antinephreticum, E.  acidum
,! Halleri—e. Aperitivum, Tinctura aloes composita.
   Elixir, Antiscrof'ulous of Peyrilhe; com-
 posed  of weak  alcohol, eubcarbonate oj' potaaaa,
 and gentian root.  It is administered in scrofula.
   Elixir, Boerhaave's, see Tinctura aloes com-
 posita.
   Elixir,  Carminative, of  Sylvius, Tinctura
 carminativa Sylvii.                            ■*
   Elixir Claude'ri, Clauder's  Elixir.  Made
 by macerating  for a few days  carbonate of po-
j tassa ^j ; aloes, guaiacum, myrrh,  saffron, rhu-
 barb bruised, of each  gij ,-  water f^xviij;  and
 decanting.   Dose, a tablespoonful as a laxative
 and emmenagogue.
   Elixir,  Daffy's, Tinctura senna? cgmp. — e.
 Dauorum, E. pectorale regis Danise—e. Fcetidum,
 Tinctura castorei composita — e. of  Garus, Tinc-
 tura de  croco  composita —e. Guaiaci volatilis,
 Tinctura Guaiaci  ammoniata—e. Jalapae  compo-
 situm,  Tinctura jalapii composita — e. of Long
 Life, Tinctura aloes composita—e. de Longue vie,
 Tinctura aloes  composita — e. d'Or de M. le GS-
 nSral de la Motte, Tinctura seu Alcohol sulfurico-
 aethereus — e.   Paregoric, Edinburgh,  Tinctura
 opii ammoniata—e. Paregoricum, Tinctura cam-
 phorae  composita — e. Pectorale dulce, E. pecto-
 rale regis Duniae.
   Elixir Pectora'le  Regis Da'ni,*:, E. Dano'-
 rum sen Ringelman'ni  seu ex succo  glycyrrhi'za
 seu pectora'le dulce seu I succo liquirit"ia: (Succ.
 glyeyrrhiz.  p. 1; Aq. Foenicul. p. 2; Alcohol am-
 moniat. p. 6.  A formula in many of the Pharma-
 copoeias of continental Europe.)  With the addi-
 tion of opium it constitutes the Elixir ammoni-
 ato-opia'tiuu, Extractum theba'icum ammoniaca'le
 of some Pharmacopoeias.
   Elixir Proprietatis, Tinctura aloes  compo
 sita—e. Purgans,  Tinctura jalapii composita—e.
 Radcliffe's, see Tinctura aloes composita—e. Rhej
 dulce, Vinum rhej palmati — e. Ringelinanni, E.
 pectorale  regis Daniae— e.  Roborans Whyttii,
 Tinctura cinchonas amara — e; Sacrum, Tinctura
 rhej et aloes —  e. T?alutis, Tinctura sennae  comp.
 — e. Squire's, see Tinctura camphoruj composita
 — e. Stomachicum,  Tinctura gentianae composita
 —e. Stomachicum spirituosum. Tinctura cinchonae
 amara — e. Stoughton's,  see Tinctura gentianfe
 composita—e. ex Succo glycyrrhizae, E. pectorale
 regis Daniae—e. ex  Succo liquiritiae, E. pectorale
 regis Danorum—e. Sulphurico-acidum, E. acidum
 Halleri — e.  Traumaticum,  Tinctura  Benzoini
 composita.
   Elixir Vitje of Mathi'olus ;  composed of
 alcohol and 22 aromatic and  stimulating sub-
 stances.  It was formerly employed in epilepsy.
   Elixir of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid, dilute—e.
 Vitrioli,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum — e.
 Vitrioli acido-aromaticum, Sulphuricum acidum
 aromaticum—e. Vitrioli  dulce, Spiritus aetheris
 aromaticus,  Sulphuricum acidum  aromaticum —
 e. Vitrioli Edinburgensium, Sulphuricum  acidum
 aromaticum—e. Vitrioli Mynsichti,  Sulphuricum
 acidum aromaticum—e. of Vitriol, sweet, Spiritus
 aetheris aromaticus—e. Vitrioli cum  tinctura aro-
 matica, Sulphuricum acidum  aromaticum—e. of
 Vitriol, Vigani's, Spiritus aetheris aromaticus—e.
 Whyttii,  Tinctura cinchonae amara.
   ELIXIRIUM ANTISEPTICUM DOCTORIS
 CHAUSSIER,  Tinctura cinchonae aetherea com-
 posita.
   ELIXIS, Eclectos.
   ELIXIVIATION, Lixiviation.
   ELK, Cervus alces—e. Bark, Magnolia macro-
 phylla—e.  Tree, Andromeda arborea—e. Wood,
 Andromeda arborea, Magnolia macrophylla.
   ELKOPLASTY, Helcoplasty.
   ELLARNE,  Sambucus.
   ELLEBORASTER,  Helleborus fcetidui. 
ELLEBORE               328    , EMBARRAS GASTRIQUE
  ELLEBORE, Dracontium foetidum.
  ELLEBORISMUS, Helleborismus.
  ELLEBORUM ALBUM, Veratrum album.
  ELLEBORUS ALBUS, Veratrum —e. Niger,
Helleborus niger.
  ELLEN-TREE,  Sambucus.
  ELLER, Alnus glutinosa.
  ELLERMAN'SDEO'DORIZING FLUID. An
antibromic or remover of odours — said  to be a
solution of a persalt of iron.
  ELLET, Sambucus.
  ELLIPTIC, Oval.
 ■ ELLYCH'NIOTOS, from tXXvxviov, 'the wick
of a lamp.'   A sort of tent, used by the  ancient
surgeons, so  called because it was shaped like a
wick, or because it  was made of a similar material.
  ELM,*C0MMON, Ulraus—e. Red, Ulmus Ame-
ricana—e. Rough-leaved, Ulmus Americana—e.
Slippery, Ulmus Americana.
  ELMINTHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana.
  ELNORNE, Sambucus.
  ELO'DES, Hdo'dea, Paludal, Marshy, (F.) Ma-
rScageux, PaludSen, Palustre.   Febris elo'dea seu
hdo'dea  seu  paludo'aa, Helop'yra,  Helopyr'etoa,
from 'tXos, 'a marsh,' and ttios, 'resemblance.'
Marsh  fever.  (F.) Fievre  intermittente palu-
dSenne, F. paludSenne ou Maremmatique,  because
it prevails  in the Maremma  district of Italy.
Also, a  kind of  fever,  characterized by great
 moisture or sweating.
   ELOME,  Orpiment
   ELONGA'TION, Parathro'ma, Elonga'tio,
from elongare,  elongutum, (e,  and longua,)  'to
lengthen,' 'extend.'  An incomplete luxation, in
 which the ligaments of an articulation are stretched
 and the  limb lengthened, without total luxation.
 The word has also been used for the extension re-
 quired in the reduction of fractures and luxations,
 and for the increased length of limb, (F.) Allonge-
 rnent, in  diseases and dislocations of the hip-joint.
   ELREN, Sambucus.
   ELTII, see Age.
   ELUTRIATIO, Decantation, Elutriation.
   ELUTRIA'TION, Elnlria'tio; originally from
 duo, (e, and luo, 'I wash,') 'I wash away,  I
 rinse.'   In   pharmacy a  process  by which  the
 finer particles of a powder are separated from the
 coarser.  It consists in diffusing the powder in
 water, allowing the larger and heavier particles
 to  subside,  and then decanting the liquor, that
 the finer particles  may subside.
   ELU'VIES, same etymon.  An inordinate dis-
 charge of any fluid, and also the fluid itself.   In
 the works of some authors it is particularly ap-
 plied to  the  mucus which flows from the vagina
 in  cases of leucorrhoea.
   ELUXATION,  Luxation.
   ELYTRATRESIA, Colpatresia.
   ELYTREURYNTER, Speculum vaginas.
   ELYTRITIS, Colposis,  Leucorrhoea.
   ELYTROBLENNORRHGEA, Leucorrhoea (va-
 ginal).
   EL'YTROCE'LE, from tXvrpov, 'a vagina or
 sheath,' and 1107X17, 'a tumour.'  Vogel has given
 this name to vaginal hernia, Colpoce'le.
   ELYTRODES  (tunica), Vaginal coat of the
 testicle.
   ELYTROSDE'MA,  Coleaede'ma,  Colposde'ma,
 from tXvrpov. 'a vagina or  sheath,'  and otinpa,
 'oedema.'  GMema of the  vagina.
   ELYTROITIS, Colposis.
   EL'YTRON, from tXvia,' I involve.' A sheath.
 The vagina. The  membranes which envelope
 the spinal marrow are called elytra.
   ELYTRON'CUS, Elytrophy'ma, from tXvrpov,
 'a vagina or sheath,' and oyKos, 'a tumour.'  A
 swelling of the  vagina.
   ELYTROPAP'PUS  RHINOCEROTIS.   A
 gnuth African  bush, Nat. Ord. Compositae,. the
whole of which is bitter and resinous.   The tops
of the branches, infused in wine or brandy, make
excellent  bitters.  The tops are also given in
powder to children affected with diarrhoea.
  ELY'TROPHYMA, Elytroncus.
  EL'YTROPLAS'TY,   Elytroploa'tice;  from
tXvrpov, ' the vagina,' and 7rA<i<r<r<D, ' I form.'   The
operation  for restoration of the vagina.
  EI/YTROPTOSIS, Prolapsus vagina:.
  ELYTRORRHAGIA, Colporrhagi-i.
  ELYTROR'RHAPHY, Elytrorrhaph'ia,  ("V-
por'rhapy, Kolpor'rhaphy;  from tXvrpov, ' the
vagina,' and  patpn, 'a suture.'  The operation of
closing the vagina by suture in cases of prociden-
tia uteri.
  EM and EN, tv,  'in, into, within :' also 'ex-
cess :'  frequently used in this last sense by Dr.
Good. A common prefix, generally answering to
the prefixes im and in,  in English.  In composi-
tion,  before /?, rr,  <p,  •&, and u, the v  is changed
into u; before y, x,  £, and  Xi 'nt0 Vj before X,
into A ; and before p generally into p.
  EMACIATE,  Macea'cere,  Tabea'cere,   (¥.)
Amaigrir;  from  emaciare,  emaciatum,  (e, and
maceo,  'to be lean,') 'to  grow lean.'  To lose
flesh, to become lean, to waste away.
  EMACIA'TION, Emacia'tio, Extenna'tio, Ma'-
ciee,  Macritu'do,  Macror,  Marco'rea, Skeleti'a,
Leptysm'tis, Leptyn'aia, Pingued'inie  diminu'tio,
(¥.) Amaigriaaement, DSpSrisaement.  That con-
dition of  the body, or of a part of the body, in
which it  grows lean.   The state of  one who  is
lean—Leanncsa, Iach'notea, (¥.) Maigreur.
  EMAIL DES DENTS, Enamel of the teeth.
  EMAILLOTAGE (¥.), from maillot,  'swath-
ing or swaddling clothes.'  The 'wrapping up' or
'packing up' in dry  or wet sheets, which is prac-
tised  in  hydropathic establishments to induce
sweating.
  EMANA'TION,  Emana'tio,  Efflu'vittm,  from
emanare, emanatnm,  (e, and manare,) ' to issue
or  flow  from.'  The term  is applied to a body
which proceeds or draws  its origin  from  other
bodies—such as the light which emanatee from
the sun ;  the miasm which arises from the putrid
decomposition of animal or vegetable  substances,
Ac.   See Miasm.
   EMAN'SIO MEN'SIUM, from e, and manere,
maneum,  ' to stay.'   This term has been applied
to amenorrhoea or obstruction of the  menses be-
fore  they have  been  established.   Some have
used  it for the retention which occurs even after
they  have been established.  The former  is the
general acceptation.
   EMARGINATIO, Echancrure, Notch.
   EMARGINATURA, Echancrure, Notch.
   EMASCULA'TION, Etmiacula'tio,  from  emae-
 culare, (e, and maaculti8,  'a male,')  'to render
 impotent.'  The act of removing or destroying
 the generative orerans of a male animal.
   EMASCULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
   EMBALM'ING,  from em, en, 'in,' and  balaa-
 mnm, 'balsam.'  Balsama'tio,  Smyrnia'moe, Ce-
 dci'a, Pollinetu'ra,  Necrocedi'a, Conditn'ra Ca-
 dav'erum, (¥.) Embaumement, Imbalaamation. An
 operation which  consists  in  impregnating the
 dead body with substances  capable of preventing
 it from becoming putrid, and thug putting it in a
 condition to be preserved.
   EMBAM'MA, Apobam'ma, Bamma,  from tu-
 fiairru), (tft, and /Jairru), ' I dip,') ' I immerse.'  A
 medicated pickle or sauce.—Gorraeus.
   EM PARR AS, Emphraxis.
   EMBARRAS GASTRIQUE (¥.),  Gaetric die-
 order or impediment, Collilviee gaa'trica, Sordee
prima'rum  via'rum,  Statue  gae'tricue,   Gaetet
 atax'ia,(¥.) GaetricitS.  Disorder of the stomach,
in which there is loss of appetite, with bitterness 
EMBARRAS              312 9               EMETISER
and  clamminess  of mouth, white  and yellow
tongue, feeling of oppression in the epigastrium,
and  sometimes pain in that region, nausea and
ILircir  cr fcittjr  vomiting; this state  being ac-
companied with headach, lassitude,  and pain in
the back and limbs.
  EilBARRAS GASTRO-INTESTINAL, Gas-
tro-intes'tinal  disorder.  Slight gastro-enteritis,
according to the Broussaists, in which  the symp-
t.ms of the Embarvus gastrique and  E. intestinal
are united.
  EMBARRAS  INTESTINAL, Intes'tinal die-
order.   The principal characters assigned to this
ere:—tension  of  the abdomen colic,  borborygmi,
discharge of flatus per anum, constipation or diar-
rhoea,  Ac
  EMBARRURE, Engisoma.
  EMBAUMEMENT, Embalming.
  EMBOlTEMENT(¥.).  ' Encaring,' from em,
 •in,' and  boite,  'a box.'  Enadelphi'a, Enda-
 delphi'a,  Enteraddphla.  This term  has  been
 applied to the theory of generation which con-
 siders  that the germs are encased in each other
 in the ovary of the female, in such sort that they
 are  developed in succession after impregnation.
 It is the theory of encaaiug of germ8, or of mons-
 trosity by inclusion.
  EMBOtTURE, Diarthrosis.
  EM'BOLE,  from tpfioXXo,, (tp and fiaXXoi,) 'I
 put  in  place.'   Reduction  of a luxated  bone.
 Reposil'io.  Also, a plug, as of a blood-vessel.
   EMBOL'IA, (F.) Embolies.  Diseases produced
 by  plugging  or obturation of blood-vessels.—
 Virchow.
   EMBOLIMOS, Intercalary.
   EMBOLUM CEREBRI, Infundibulum of the
 brain.
   EMBONPOINT,  (F.)   'In  good point  or
 plight.'   Bona  cor'poris habitu'do.   The  state
 of the animal body when in full health.  Exces-
 sive embonpoint  constitutes corpulence and obe-
 sity, and may become a morbid condition.
   EMBORISMA, Aneurism.
   EMBOWELLING, Exenterismus.
   EMBREGMA, Embrocation.
   EMBROCATIO, Embrocation, Irrigation.
   EMBROCA'TION,  Embroca'tio,  Embreg'ma,
 Em'broche, Implu'vium, from  tpPptxo), (tp, and
 Pptxu, 'I wet,') 'I dip in.'  A fluid application
 to be  rubbed  on  any part of  the  body.   It is
 often  used  synonymously with liniment  Origi-
 nally employed in the sense of Fomentation.
   Embrocation,  Guestonian,  see  Oleum Tere-
 binthiria3 rectificntum.
  EMBROCHE,  Embrocation.
  EM'BRYO,  Em'bryon, from tv, ' in,  and (ipvta,
' I grow.'   Cye'ma.  The fecundated  germ, in the
early stages of its development in  utero.  At a
certain period  of  its increase, the name foetus is
given to it, but at what period is not determined.
Generally, the embryo  state is considered to ex-
tend to the period of quickening.
  EMBRYOCTONY,  Foetus  trucida'tio,  from
tpftpvov, ' the embryo,' and  xrovos,  ' destruction.'
The  act of destroying a foetus in utero, when in-
surmountable  obstacles — as certain deformities
of the  pelvis—oppose delivery.
  EMBRYOG'RAPHY,  Embryogra'phia,  from
tufipuov, 'the embryo,' and ypaipn, 'a description.'
The  part of anatomy which describes  the embryo.
  EMBRYOL'OGY, Embryolog"ia, from tpfipvov,
'the  embryo,'  and Xoyos, 'a description.'   The
doctrine of embryonic description.
  EMBRYON'IC, Embryotlicus, (¥.)  Embryo-
niqve, Embryonnaire; same etymon  as embryo.
Relating or appertaining  to  an embryo: — as
' embryonic life.'
  EM BR YONIQ UE, Embryonic.              I
  EMBRYONNAIRE, Embryonic.
  EMBRYOTHLAS'TA,  Em'bryothlas'tes,   Em-
bryothlas'tum,  (¥.)  Embryotome,  from £/ijfy,uo.<,
'the embryo,' and SXaui, 'I break.'  An instru-
ment for dividing the  foetus piecemeal, in  ordei
to effect delivery.   A crotchet  or other instru-
ment, used, in certain cases of laborious parturi-
tion, to  break the bones  of  the foetus, for the
purpose of extracting them with greater facility.
—Hippocrates, Galen.
  EMBRYOTOCIA, Abortion.
  EMBRYOTOME, Embryothlasta.
  EMBRYOTOMY, Embryotom'ia, from t^.lpvov,
'an  embryo,' and rtuvtiv, 'to cut.'  A division of
the foetus into fragments, to extract it by piece-
meal, wheTi the narrowness of  the pelvis or other
faulty conformation opposes delivery.
  EMBRYOT'ROPHYr,  Embryotroph'ta,  from
tpffpvov, 'the embryo,'  and rpoipn, 'nourishment.'
Foetal nutrition ;  Cyot'rophy.
  EMBRYUL'CIA,  Embryueteriilcia,  from tp-
(ipvov, 'embryo, foetus,' and tXxia, 'I extract,' 'I
draw.'  A  surgical operation', by which the  foetus
is extracted by means of appropriate instruments,
when faulty conformation or other circumstances
prevent delivery by the natural efforts.
  EMBRYUL'CUS, Elcus'ter, same etymon.  An
iron hook or crotchet, described  by Fabricius ab
Aquapendente, which  was  used to extract the
foetus in some cases of laborious labour.
  EMBRYUSTERULCIA, Embryulcia.
  EMENDANS,  Corrigent.
  EMERAUDE, Smaragdus.
  EMERODS, Heemorrhois.
  EMESIA, Vomiturition.
  EMESIS, Vomiting.
  EMETATROPH'IA, from tptw, 'I vomit,' and
arpoipta, ' want of nourishment.' Atrophy induced
by vomiting.
  EMETIA, Emetine.
  EMET'IC, Emet'icum,  Vomito'ritim, Vom'itory,
Vomit, Puke, (Prov.) Pick, from tptm,  'I vomit.'
A substance capable  of producing vomiting.  (F.)
EmStique.  [This term is also restricted by the
French to tartarized antimony — the emetic, as it
were, par excellence.^   Vomitif
  Tartarized  antimony,  emetine,   ipecacuanha,
and  aulphate  of  zinc, are the  chief emetics.
They are valuable agents in  disease,  and  may
either act primarily  on the stomach, or seconda-
rily  on  other parts  of the system,—the  sym-
pathy between the stomach and other parts of
the  body being very extensive, and an impor-
tant object of study.
  The following are the  usual emetics:—Anti-
monii et Potassae  Tartras; Cupri Acetas; Cupri
Sulphas;  Emetina;  Gillenia; Hydrargyri   Sul-
phas Flavus;  Ipecacuanha; Lobelia;  Sanguina-
ria;  Scilla; Sinapis,  and  Zinci Sulphas.
  Emetic Root, Euphorbia corollata—e. Tartar,
Antimonium  tartarizatum — e.  Weed, Lobelia
inflata.
  EMETICOLOGIA, Emetology.
  EM'ETINE, Emetina, Emet'ia, Vom'itine, Ce-
pha'elinum.  A vegetable alkali, discovered by
M. Pelletier in ipecacuanha, and to which it owes
its emetic power.  It is obtained from  different
ipecacuanhas, but chiefly from psyeholria emet'-
ica, callicoc'ca ipeeacuan'ha, and viola emelica.
It is in transparent scales, of a reddish-brown'
colour, almost  inodorous,  of  a  bitter, slightly
acrid taste; is unchangeable in the air. soluble in
water and alcohol, and insoluble in ether.  Three
grains of impure emetia or one grain of pure are
equal to18  of ipecacuanha.  See Ipecacuanha.
  EME TIQUE,   Antimonium  tartarizatum.
Emetic
  EMETISER (¥.).  To  oause  vomiting bj 
EMETO-CATHARSIS         330               EMPHYMA
raetics.  In  French pharmney, it is, likewise, I
used to signify the addition of SmStitie — tartrate
of antimony and potassa — to a medicinal pre-
paration
  EMETO-CATHARSIS, see Emeto-cathartic.
  EM'ETO-CATHAR'TIC,  Em'eto-cathar'ticus,
from tptros, 'vomiting,' and KaSaprixos, 'a purga-
tive.'  A remedy, which at the same time excites
vomitin? and purging—Em'eto-cathar'sis.
  EMETOL'OGY,  Emetolog"ia,  Emeticolog"ia,
from qifros, 'vomiting,'  and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'
A treatise on vomiting, and on emetics.
  EM'INENCE, Eminen'tia, Protuberan'tia, Ex'-
oche,  Eranthe'ma.  A projection at the surface
of a healthv or diseased organ.
  EMINENCE PORTE ANTERTEURE, Lo-
bulus anonymus — S. Porte postSrieure, Lobulus
Spigelii—S.  Siia-pitbienne, Mons veneris.
  EMINENCES  BIGEMINEES, Quadrigemi-
na  corpora — S. LatSralea, Corpora olivaria — S.
Pyramidal.es, Corpora pyramidalia — S. Vermi-
formes du cerrelet, Vermiformes processus.
   EMINENTIA,  Protuberantia —e.  Annularis,
Pons varolii—e. Pyramidalis, Crista vestibuli—e.
Thyreoidea.PomumAdami—e. Tympani,Pyramid.
   EMINENTIiE  BTGEMIN^,  Quadrigemina
tubercula—e. Candicantes, Mammillary Tubercles
— e.  Lenticulares, Corpora striata—e. Magnae
cerebri, Thalami nervorum opticorum — e. Medi-
anae  Interna;, Corpora p3rramidalia—e. Olivares,
Corpora olivaria—e. Ovales Laterales. Corpora oli-
varia—e. Pyramidales,  Corpora pyramidalia—e.
Quadrigeminae,  Quadrigemina tubercula—e. Te-
retes.  Processus teretes.
   EMISSAIRE,  Emunctory,
   EMISSA'RIA  SANTORI'NI, (F.) Emiseairea
 de Sitntorini.   A name given to some small veins,
 which communicate with the sinuses of the dura
 mater, by apertures in Sie cranium.  Such are the
 parietal, posterior condyloid, mastoid veins, Ac.
   EMISSIO, Emission—e.  Seminis,  Sperma-
 tismus.
   EMIS'SION, Emie'eio, from emittere, (e,  and
 mittere,  miaaum,)  'to send out,' 'drive out.'   The
 act by which any matter whatever is thrown from
 the body.   Thus,  we say Emiaaion of urine, Emi8-
 sion of semen,  Ac.
   EMISSION SANGUINE, Bloodletting.
   EMMEN'AGOGUES,  Emmenago'gn, Emmeni-
 agb'ga, Ame'nia,  from tpunva,  'the menses,' and
 ayoi,' I drive.' or 'expel.'  Men'agogues. A name
 given to medicines believed to have the power of
 favouring the discharge  of  the menses.  There
 is probably no substance which possesses this
 power directly.  According  to  different condi-
 tions of the  system,  the most  opposite reme-
 dies may act as emmenagogues.  Black helle-
 bore, aaviu,  madder, polygala eenega, and ergot,
 are reputed to  be specific emmenagogues.   The
  following list  comprises  the  chief of them: —
  Cunila  Pulegioides; Helleborus  Niger; Mentha
  Pulegium ; Rosmarinus ; Rubia;  Sabina ; Secale
  Corontum : Senega, and Tanaeetum.
    EMMENAGOLOG"IA, from tppnvayuya, and
  Xoyos, 'discourse.'  A treatise of  emmenagogues.
    EM.MENIA, Menses.
    EMMEXIAGOGA, Emmenagogues.
    EMMENOLOG"IA,frora  tupnva, 'menses,'and
  \oyis. 'a discourse.' A treatise on menstruation.
    EMMEN0L0G"ICAL, Emmenolog"icue: same
  [tyraon as the  last.  Relating or appertaining to
  menstruation.
    EMMYXIUM ARTICULARE, Hydrarthus.
    EMOLLIENTIA, Emollients.
    EMOL'LIENTS, Emollien'tia,  Malthac'tica,
  Rditxati'tia.  Epiceraa'tira,  Malac'tica, Lubri-
  ca t'tiei,  Malacopce'a. Mollien'tia, from emollire,
  'e  and mollire, 'to soften.')  Substances which
relax and soften parts  that are inflamed, or  to«
tense.  They are used  both internally and exter-
nally :  as the  former,  however, consist of muci-
laginous  substances, they are generally reckoned
as demulcents :  the latter, or  proper  emollients,
consist  of  oils,  cataplasms,  fomentations,  Ac.
Oleaginous bodies, rubbed  on  a part, act by di-
minishing its  cohesion.  Fomentations, in  cases
of internal inflammation, act probably through
contiguous  sympathy.    The  following are  the
chief emollients: — Adeps; Amygdalus  Oleum;
A venae Farina; Cera; Cetaceum ; Linum ; Olivaa
Oleum:  Sesamum; Tritici Farina, and Ulmus.
  EMOLLITIES, Mollities—e.  Morbosa, Molli-
fies—e. Ossium, Mollities ossium—e.  Uteri Mor-
bosa, Hysteromalacia.
  EMOLLITIO, Mollities—e. Ventriculi, Gastro-
malacia.
  JEMONCTOIRE, Emunctory.
  EMOPTOE, Haemoptysis.
  EMOTIO, Delirium, Luxation, Passion.
  EMO'TIONAL, from  emotio, (e,  'from.' and
moveo, motum,' to  move.')   Relating  to emotion
or passion independently of the will:—hence an
'emotional or instinctive  impulse.'
  EMPASMA, Cataplasma.
  EMPATEMENT,  from■ empdter,  'to render
pasty or doughy,'   A non-inflammatory engorge-
ment, which retains, more or less, the impression
of the finger.
  EMPATIIE'MA, Ma'nia  a pathe'mate,  (¥.)
Manie anna dSlire; ungovernable passion; from
tp,  'in,'  and naSos, 'suffering.'  Fixed delusion.
  EMPEIRIA, Experience.
   EMPETRUM, Herniaria glabra.
   EM'PHLYSIS, from  tp, 'in,'  and tpXveis, 'a
 vesicular tumour or eruption;' Ich'oroua Exan'-
 them.  An  eruption of vesicular  pimples, filled
 progressively with an acrid_ and colourless, or
 nearly  colourless, fluid; terminating in  scurf or
 laminated scabs.  A genus in the  order Exanthe-
 matica,  class Hamatica of Good.
   Emphlysis Aphtha, Aphthae, Stomatitis, aph-
 thous — e. Erysipelas, Erysipelas — e. Miliaria,
 Miliary fever — e. Pemphigus, Pemphigus — e.
 Vaccina inserta, Vaccina—e. Varicella, Varicella.
   EMPHRACTIC, Emphracticus.
   EMPHRACTICA, Physconia.
   EMPHRACTICUS, Emphrac'tic, from tptppar-
 riii, (tp, and  <pparTu>,  ' I shut up,')  ' I close,' ' I
 obstruct.'   Emplas'tieue,  Emplattom'enos.  Any
 substance which, when  applied to the skin, was
 presumed to close the pores.
   EMPHRAG'MA, same etymon.  Obturamen'-
 tnm, Impedimen'tum.  Anything  that  obstructs.
 Hippocrates uses this  term to designate the ob-
 stacle to delivery on the part of the foetus, when
 the presentation is preternatural.
   Emphragma Lacrymale,  Fistula  lacryma-
 lis—e. Salivare, Ranula.
   EMPHRAX'IS, Obstruc'tio, Obtura'tio, Oppi-
  la'tio, Infarc'tus,  Infarc'tio, Farctus, Farttis, In-
 fare'tion.   Same  etymon.   ' Obstruction.'  An
  Embarrae or repletion  of canals or  cavities by
  any substance, which  is  either morbid from quan-
  tity or  quality.
    Emphraxis Hepatis, Hepatemphraxis.
    EMPHYMA, Tumour—e.  Encystis, Encystis
  — e. Encystis atheroma, Atheroma — e. Encystis
  ganglion, Ganglion,  Testudo — e. Encystis meli-
  ceris, Meliceris — e. Encystis steatoma,  Steatoma
  —e. Exostosis ossea, Exostosis—e. Exostosis pe-
  riostea, Node—e. Sarcoma, Sarcoma—e. Sarcoma
  adiposum, Adipose sarcoma—e. Sarcoma cellulo-
  sura,  Cystic  sarcoma —e. Sarcoma mammarum,
  Mammary sarcoma—e. Sarcoma pancreaticum,
  Pancreatic  sarcoma  — e.  Sarcoma  scirrhosum,
  Scirrhous  sarcoma — e. Sarcoma tuberculosum, 
EMPHYSEMA              331            EMPLASTRUM
Tuberculate  sarcoma —e.  Sarcoma  vasculosum,
Sarcoma, vascular.

,T7')n>i?wl1E'MA' from tu<t>^"""», (tv, and Avoaio,
 J   -7' ' I1 lnflate-'  Infla'tio, Empneumato'sia,
barci tee flattio'sits, Emphyse'n,a  cellula're  seu
 piieiimato'ate,  Phyeon'cus,  Tumor  flatulen'tus,
 Pnetunato'sia, Inflation, Wind-dropsy,  (¥.) Em-
 physeme, Aerethymie.—V\orry. This term is com-
 monly applied to any white,  crepitant,  shining,
 elastic, indolent  tumour  of  the  integuments,
 caused by the introduction of air into the areolar
 texture, Aerodermecta'aia.  Injuries of the larynx,
 trachea, or lungs ; fractures of the ribs, or wounds
 penetrating  the  chest,  are  the most   frequent
 causes of this affection, which is owing to the air
 escaping from the air-passages, and  insinuating
 itself into the areolar texture  surrounding  the
 wound.  There are some cases of  emphysema,
 which are owing to internal causes;  and hence a
 division  has  been made into  the accidental  and
 symptomatic, and the apontaneoua and idiopathic.
   Emphysema Abdominis, Tympanites.
   Emphysf.'ma of  the Lungs, E.  Pulmo'num,
 Asthma  aereiim ab Emphyse'mate   Pulmo'num,
 Pneumato'sis Pulmo'num, Ptieumonec'taaia, Pneu-
 mec'taaie,  (¥.)  Pnettmoectasie, Emphyslme  du
 Poitmon.   A considerable pressure or contusion
 of the chest, or any  violent concussion of  the
 lung,  may produce a  laceration in that viscus,
 without injury being done  to the parietes of tbe
 thorax, and  may give  place to the infiltration of
 air into  the  areolar texture, interlob'ttlar emphy-
 sema.  Lacnnec has described another species of
 emphysema  of the lungs,  Vesic'ular emphyaema,
 ASropneumonaaie, ASropneitmonectaaie of Piorry,
 consisting in excessive dilatation of the air-cells,
 some of which become as large as heinp-seed, ul-
 timately break, and give rise to irregular vesicles
 at the surface of the lung, some of which are as
 large as  a hazel-nut.   Physical signs. The tho-
 rax externally, generally or  locally, appears  un-
 naturally convex and  prominent.  The intercos-
 tal  spaces   are  widened,  but  depressed.  The
 Inspiratory efforts are  increased.  The sound on
 percussion is morbidly clear, but not  tympanitic.
 On auscultation, the inspiratory murmur  is feeble
 or suppressed.  The expiration, which  is more
 frequently audible, is  prolonged,  laborious  and
 wheezing.   There are  no certain physical signs
 which can  distinguish  interlobular  emphysema
 from the vesicular.
   Emphysema under  tbe  pleuro-pulmonalis is
 termed, by Piorry, ASrethmopneumonie.
   Emphysema Pectoris,  Pneumothorax — e.
 Scroti, Physocele—e. Tympanites, Tympanites—
 e. Uteri, Hysterophysis,  Physometra.
   EMPHY'SEM'ATOUS, Emphyaemato'aua; same
 etymon. Relating or appertaining to emphysema.
   EMPHYSEME, Emphysema—e. du Poumon,
 Emphysema  of the lun^s.
   EMPHYTUM THERMUM, Biolychnium.
   EMP'IRIC, Empi'ricua,  from tpnupta, (tv, and
 rttpa, 'a trial,') 'experience.'  One  who follows
 only experience.   A sect of physicians,  who  re-
 jected all theory, and  took for their guide expe-
 rience alone.  It  was  opposed to the dogmatic
 sect.   The Empiric sect prevailed till near  the
 time of Galen.  Among its most eminent  mem-
 bers, after Philinus  and Serapion, were  Apollo-
nius, Glaucias, Bacchius  of Tanagra, and Zeuxis,
b'lth disciples of Herophilus,—Heraclides of Ta-
rentum, Cleophantus, master of Asclepiades, Me-
nodotus of Nicomedia,  and Theudas of Laodicea.
They occupied themselves, chiefly, with discover-
ing the properties of  drugs, and did important
service, in this manner, to medicine.
  At the present day,  the word Empiric  is only
taken in a bad sense, being employed in nearly
the same signification as  charlatan or quack.
   EMPIRICE, Empiricism.
   EMPIR'ICISM ; same etymon. Emplrica An,
 Emplrice, (¥.)  Empiriame.   Medicine founded
 on experience.  It generally, at the present day,
 signifies quackery.
   EMPIRISME, Empiricism.
   EMPLAS'TICUS.   Same etymon as the next.
 Also, a remedy which adheres, as a plaster, to the
 surface, and  in this manner may obstruct the
 pores:  an emphractic
   EMPLASTRO-ENDERMIC, Endermic
   EMPLAS TRUM,  from the  Greek tuxXaoeu,
 (ev,  and -trXaootiv, 'to form,') 'I spread  upon,'
 (F.) Empl&tre, StSaratS.   A solid and tenacious
 compound, adhesive at the ordinary heat of the
 human body.  Some of the plasters owe their
 consistence  to wax  and resin ;  and  others to the
 chemical union which takes place  between  the
 semivitreous  oxide  of lead  and oil.  Most of
 them become too consistent by age.  When such
 is the  case, they may be  remelted  by a gentle
 heat, and oil be added to them.
   Emplastrum Adhaesivum, Emplastrum resinae
' — e. Adhaesivum Woodstockii,  see Sparadrapum
 Adhaesivum— e. Alexandri, Alexandrine — e. de
 Althaea, Unguentum de AlthaeS,.
   Emplastrum Ammoni'aci, Ammoniacum Plae-
 ter,  (Ammoniac, pur. ^v, acidi acetici dil. Oss.
 Dissolve the ammoniac in the vinegar and strain :
 then evaporate the  solution by means of a water-
 bath, stirring constantly until it acquires a proper
 consistence.—Ph.  U. S.)  It is used as a discu-
 tient plaster.
   Emplastrum  Ammoni'aci cum Hydrar'gyro,
 Ammoniacum plaater with mercury  (Ammoni'aci
 ft>j,  hydrarg. !fiij, olei oliv. fgj, aulphur. gr. viij.
 Rub the mercury with the oil  until the globules
 disappear, then add  the ammoniac, previously
 melted, and mix-  Ph- U. S.
   Emplastrum Andreje de Cruce, E. de pice et
 resinis glutinans—e. Anglicum, see Sparadrapum
 adhaesivum.
   Emplastrum Aromat'icum,  Aromalic Plaater.
 (Thuria t^iij, cera flava  Jss, pulv. cort.  einnam.
 i?vj< ol. ess.  Piment., ol. e*». Limon. aa gij. Melt
 the  frankincense and wax together, and strain ;
 then add, as it cools, the  cinnamon, previously
 rubbed with the oils, and form  a plaster.  Ph.
 Dubl.)  Used as a stimulating plaster.
.   A spice plaster,  made by incorporating pow-
 dered cinnamon and any other spices with melted
 suet,  has  been used in  cholera infantum.  It is
 spread  on leather or linen, and is renewed twice
 in the twenty-four hours.
   Emplastrum Assafce'tida, E. antihyster'icitm,
 Assa feetida plaster,  (Emp. plumb., Assafazt., sing.
 Ibj,  Galban., Cera flava, aa Ibss, Alcohol,  dilut.
 Oiij.  Dissolve the  assafoetida and galbanum in
 the alcohol,  in a water-bath, strain while hot, and
 evaporate to the consistence of honey; add the
 lead plaster  and wax previously melted together
 stir the mixture well, and evaporate to the'proper
 consistence.—PA. U.  S.)  Used as  an antispas-
 modic and anodyne plaster.
   Emplastrum Attrahens, E. cerae—e. Auricu-
lare, Hypotiura.
   Emplastrum Belladon'n*:, Plaster of Bella-
don'na.  (Empl. reain. giij, Ext. Belladon. Jiss.
Add the extract to the plaster, previously melted
in a  water-bath, and mix.—Ph. U. S.)  An ano-
dyne application in  neuralgia and rheumatism.
   Emplastrum Calefa'ciens,  E. Picia cum cun-
thar'ide, (Ph. U. S.) Calefa'cient plaater,  Warm
plaater, (¥.)  Empldtre Schauffant.  (Cerat. can-
tharid (Ph. U. S.), Ibss, Picia abiet.  Ibiijss.  Melt
together, and form  into  a plaster.   Ph. U. S.)
It is rubefacient and stimulant.
  Emplastrum Cantharidis, E. lyttee—e. Can- 
EMPLASTRUM             3 3 2             EMPLASTRUM
 tharidis vesicatorii compositum, E. lyttae comp.
 —e. Cephalicum, E. picis comp.
   Emplastrum Cerae, E. simplex, E. At'trahens,
 Wax plaster.   (Cera flava, Sevi Prap. aa Ibiij,
 retina fl-ava ft>j. Melt them together and strain.
 Ph. L.)  It has been considered drawing.  It is
 stimulating.
   Emplastrum Cicu'tjE, E. de Cicn'td seu coni'i
 macttla'ti, Unguen'tum eolidum de cicu'td. Hem-
 lock plaater, (¥.) Empldtre de Cigue.   (Resi'na
 abiet. 960 p. Cera flav, 640 p. Picia alba, US p.
 Ol. cicuta per decoct, praparat. 12S p.  Fol cicnt.
 recent.  2000 p.  Melt  the  resins, wax and oil;
 nld the cicuta leaves, and boil;  strain and add,
 after having dissolved it in  vinegar of squills and
 cicuta  juice, gum ammoniac. 500 p.   Ph. Par.)
 It is used as a discutient, especially  to scirrhous
 tumours.
   Emplastrum Citrinum, Unguentum  de althaea^
 —e. Commune, E. Plumbi—e. Commune cum re-
 sina, E. resinae—e. Conii, E. cicutae.
   Emplastrum Ccmi'ni, Cummin plaster. (Cumin.
 eemin.,  carui aem.,  lauri bacc. sing. ^wj, picia
 ar'ida  Ibiij, cera flava ,^iij-  Melt the  pitch and
 wax together,  then  add the  other  ingredients.
' Ph. L.)  It is  used as a warm discutient plaster.
   Emplastrum Diachylon, Diachylon, E. plumbi
 —e. Divinum Nicolai, see Magnet—e. Emolliens,
 Unguentum de althaea—e. Epispasticum, E. lyttae.
   Emplastrum Ferri, E. rob'orana, Iron Plaater,
 Strength'ening Plaater.  (Ferri aubcarb. §iij, Emp.
 plumbi, ibij, Picia  abietia, Ibss.   Add the sub-
 carbonate of iron to the lead plaster  and Bur-
 gundy  pitch previously melted together, and stir
 constantly until they thicken upon cooling.—Ph.
 U. S.)
   Emplastrum Ferri Rubri, E. oxidi  ferri rubri
 —a. Flavum, Unguentum de althaea—e. ad Fon-
 ticulos, Ceratum Galeni.
   Emplastrum  Gal'bani,  Ga\b'anum plaster,
 (Empl. litharg.  Ibij,  gum. galban. Ibss, cera flava
 t^iv.  Melt the galbanum before adding the plas-
 ter and wax, then melt all together.  Ph. D.)   A
 stimulant and disculient.
   Emplastrum Gal'bani Compos'itum.  E. li-
 thar'gyri compos'itum,  Diach'ylon magnum cum
 gummi, Compound galbanum plaster. (Galb. ^viij,
 Emp. plumbi,  Ibiij,  tereb. vulg. fix, abietis resin.
 contus. ^i'j-  Melt the galbanum and turpentine
 together, then  mix in the resin, and afterwards
 the plaster, previously melted.   Ph. U. S.) It is
 Stimulant and discutient.
   Emplastrum Glutinosum.  see  Sparadrapum
 adhaesivum—e. cura  Gummatibus, E. gummosum.
   Emplastrum Gummo'sum, Emplastrum lithar'-
 gyri cum gummi seu cum giimmalibus seu e gum-
 mat'ibua reaino'aia seu Ox'ydi Plumbi aemivit'rei
 gitmmo'aum, Gum plaeterK Diachylon cum gummi,
 Yellow or gum diach'ylon.   (Emp. plumbi p. viii,
 ammoniac, galbani, cera flava, aa, p. i. Ph. E.)
 Properties and uses like the last.
   Emplastrum e Gummatibus  Resinosis,  E.
 gummosum.
   Emplastrum  cum  Gummi-Resi'nis,  (F.) Em-
 pldtre de gomme rSaine, Diachylon gommS, Plaa-
 ter of  gum reaine.   (Emplaatr.  aimpl.  p. 1600
 cera, flava, p. 96, picie alba, p.  96, terebinth, p.
 96.  Melt by a gentle heat, and add gum ammo-
 niac, p. 32, bdellium, 32, galban. 32, and eagape-
 num, p. 32.   Dissolve in a sufficient  quantity of
 alcohol, evaporate to the consistence of honey,
 and mix carefully all together.  Ph. P.)  A dis-
 cutient.
 ■  Emplastrum Hydrar'gyri,  Emplaatr. Uthar'.
 gyri cum hydrar'gyro, Mercu.'.rial plaater.  (Hy-
 drarg. J, vj, ol. oliv., reain. aa, ^ij, emplaat. plumbi,
 Ibj.   Melt the oil and resin together, and when
 cool rub the mercury with them till the globules
 disappear; then gradually add the lead plaster,
 previously melted, and mix all. Ph. U. S.)   It ii
 stimulant, resolvent, and discutient.  Applied as
 a discutient to venereal and other tumours.
   Emplastrum Hydrar'gyri Compos'itum, E.
 de hydrar'gyro compoe'itiim seu de Vigo cum  mer-
 eu'rio emenda'tum, Compound plaater of mer'curt;
 (Empl. aimpl. p. 1250, cera flava, p. 64, rexitta,
 p. 64.  Melt, and before it congeals add pulv. g.
 ammoniac, p. 20,  bdellium, p. 20, oliban. p. 20,
 myrrh, p. 20,  eaffron, p. 12.  Mix  carefully,
 Take of mercury, p. 380, pure turpentine, p. 64,
 liquid and pure etorax, p. 192.  Triturate in an
 iron mortar till the globules  disappear: melt all
 together, and before congealing add essential oil
 of Lavender, p. 8.  Phar. P.)  The same  pro-
 perties as the last.
   Emplastrum Ichthyocollj: tela inductum,
 see  Sparadrapum  adhansivum — e.  Irritans, E.
 lyttae—e. Lithargyri, E. Plumbi — e. Lithargyri
 compositum, E. galbani compositum — e. Lithar-
 gyri cum gummi, E. gummosum — e. Lithargyri
 cum hydrargyro,  E. hydrargyri — e. Lithargyri
 cum resina,  E. resinae — e. Lithargj-ricum  cum
 resina pini, E. resinae.
   Emplastrum Lyttae, E. canthar'idie  seu  can-
 tharidi8 veaicato'rii seu meloes veaicatorii, E. veei-
 catoriitm,E. epiapae'ticitm sene cantharid''ibuaepie-
 paa'ticum solid'ins et tena'ciua harene seu irri'tane
 seu rubefl'ana, Plaater of the Spanish or bliatering
 fly, Bliatering Plaater,  Fly Plaater.  (Cantharidea,
 in powder, Ibj, Emp. cera Ibiss, adipie. prap. Ibj.
 Melt the plaster  and   lard together, and  as the
 mixture becomes  thick, on cooling, sprinkle in
 the flies, and mix.  Pharm. L.)  This is the com-
 mon blistering plaster.  Too much heat must not
 be used in its preparation.  It requires to remain
 on six  or  eight hours  before  its full effect is in-
 duced, and it acts  sufficiently well, provided even
 a piece of thin gauze or tissue paper be placed
 between it and the skin, whilst absorption of the
 flies is  thus  prevented. See  Blister.  The Blis-
 tering Plaster of the Pharmacopoeia of the United
 States, Cera'tum Canthar'idia,  is made as follows:
 — Cantharid. in pulv.   subtiliss.,  Ibj, cera flava,
 reeina, aa if vij, adipie, ifx.   To  the wax.'resin,
 and  lard,  previously melted,   add  the  Spanish
 flies, and stir the mixture constantly until cool.
  Emplastrum Lytt^  Compos'itum,   E. can-
 thar'idie veaicato'rii compoa'itum seu melo'ea veai-
 cato'rii compoe'itum,  Compound  plaster of can-
 thar'idee or Spanish flies.  (Resin, liq. pini laricie.
 p. 18, reaina concret. pini  abietis, meloes reaicat.
 aa p. 12, cera flava, p. 4, subacet. cupri, p. ij,
 eemin. ainapia alb., fruct. pip.  nigr. aa p. j. Melt
 the pitch and wax, then add the  turpentine,  and
 as these cool  sprinkle in the other substances, in
 the form of  powder,  so as  to make a plaster.
 Ph. E.)  The  same properties as  the  last,  but
 more energetic and speedy in its action.
  Emplastrum Meloes Vesicatorii, E. lyttss —
 e. Meloes vesicatorii comp., E. lyttae comp. — e.
 Mucilaginosum, Unguentum de althaea — e.  Ni-
 grum of Augsburg, see  Magnet.
  Emplastrum  Norimbergen'se, E. ex o.r'ido
plumbi rubro  campho'ratum, Empldtre de Nurem,
 berg, Nuremberg plaater.  (Oxid. plumb, rubr. p.
 300,  ol. oliv. p. 600, aqtios, q.  s.  Boil until  the
 oxide is  dissolved, and almost to dryness.   Re-
 move the vessel from the fire and add'yellow wax.
 p. 500.   Put the vessel again on the  fire,  and
 after the wax is melted, add, before  it congeals,  •
 camphor, .p. 24 : mix.  Ph.  P.)  It is consiTlered
a desiccative,  and has  been  employed  in gan-
grene.
  Emplastrum Nygmaticum,  E. resinae.
  Emplastrum Oph, O'pjum  Plaater.   (Opii in
pulv. gij, Picia abiet. ,^iij ; emplaetr. plumbi  Ibj,
aq. bnllient. f.^iv.  Melt together the lead plaster
and Burgundy pitch;  then add the opium pro- 
EMPLASTRUM             333                EMPYEMA
Tiously  mixed with  the water,  and boil  over  a
gentle fire to the proper consistence.—Ph. U. S.)
It is employed as an anodyne, and to give sup-
port.
   Emplastrum Ox'idi Ferri  Rubri, E. Ferri
rubri seu Rob'orans, Plaster of red oxide of iron,
Strength'ening Plaater.  (Empl. oxid. plumb, eemi-
vitr. p.  xxiv, resina pin.  p. vi, cera flava,  old
olea Etirop. sing. p. iij, oxidi ferri rubr. p. viij.
Rub the rod  oxide of iron with  the oil, and add
the other ingredients melted.   Ph.  E.)   It  is
employed as a strengthening plaster.
   Emplastrum ex  Oxido plumbi semivitreo,
 E. plumbi—e. Oxidi plumbi semivitrei, E. plumbi
—E. Oxidi plumbi semivitrei gummosum, E. gum-
 mosum—e. Phoeniceum, Diapalma — e. ex Oxido
 plumbi  rubro compositum,  E.  Norimbergense
 — e. Picis, E. Picis  Burgundicae, E. Picis "com-
 positum.
   Emplastrum  Picis  Burgun'dicj!, E. Picis,
 Burgundy Pitch or  Pitch Plaster,  (Picis  Bur-
 gund. Ibvj, cera flava, Ibss.—Ph.  U.  S.)
   Emplastrum  Picis Compos'itum,  E. picis ce-
 phal'icum,   Cephalic plaster,  Compound pitch
 plaster.  (Picis arid.  Ibij,  abietis  reaina Ibj,
 retina  flava, cera flava, aa ,if iv, myriat. ol. ^j,
 ol. oliv., aqua, aa f if ij.  To the pitch, resin, and
 wax, melted together, add the other  matters and
 mix.  Ph. L.)  It is stimulant and  rubefacient.
 Sometimes used in headach,—applied to the tem-
 ples.  See Depilatory.
   Emplastrum  Picis cum Cantharide, E. Ca-
 lefaciens.
   Emplastrum  de   Pice  et  Resi'nis   Glu'ti-
 NANS, E. Andrea de  Cruce, Empldtre d'AndrS  de
 la Croix, ou collant  de poix et de rSaines, Adhe-
 aive plaater  of pitch and resins.  (Picis alba,  p.
 128, resin elemi, p. 32,  terebinth, pur. p. 16,  ol.
 laur. p. 16.  Melt with  a  gentle  heat, and  pass
 through linen.  Ph. P.)  Used in contusions and
 fractures as  a support.
   Emplastrum Plumbi, E. lithargyri seu com-
 mu'ne  seu diach'ylum seu ox'idi plumbi  semivi-
 trei seu ex  oxido plumbi  eemivitreo, Diach'ylon
 simplex, White Diach'ylon, Lead or Diach'ylon
 plaster.  (Plumbi oxid. eemivitr. in pulv. ftv.,
 old oliv., cong., aqua Oij.  Boil together over a
 slow fire, stirring  constantly until  the  oil and
 oxide of lead cohere.  Ph. U. S.)
   Emplastrum Polychrestum, E. resinae.
   Emplastrum Potass'ii Iod'idi, Plaster of Fo-
 dide of Potass' ium (Potass, iodid. ^j,  Thuris, ^vj ;
  Cera, fivj, ol. oliv. f gij.   Ph. L.)  This plaster,
 spread on leather, is applied to indolent tumours.
   Emplastrum Resi'na,  E.  adhaslvum seu  li-
 thar'gyri cum resi'na seu resino'sum seu nygmal-
 iciim seu commu'ne cum reslnd seu Polychres'tum
 seu lilhargyr'icum cum reslnd pini; Resin, Ad-
 he'sive or Sticking  plaater.  (Reain, Ibss.  emp.
 plumb4 Ibiij. Melt the plaster, with a gentle heat,
 add the resin, and mix.  Ph. U.  S.)  Employed
 in wounds and ulcers.
   Baynton'e adhesive plaster is made by  melting
 one pound of lead  plaster and six  drachms  of
 resin together.
   Emplastrum Resinosum, E. Resinae—e. Ro-
 borans, E. Ferri (Ph. U. S.), E. oxidi ferri rubri
 —e. Rubefians, E. lyttae.
   Emplastrum  Sapo'nis, E. eapona'ceum, Soap
  plaater.   (Saj)onis  concie. .if iv, emplast. plumb.
 Ibiij.   Mix the soap with the melted plaster, and
 boil to a proper consistence.  Ph. U. S.)   It is a
 mild discutient.   Applied to tumours, corns, Ac.
   Emplastrum Simplex,  E.  cerae—e. Spermatis
 ceti, Ceratum cetacei.                    '
   Emplastrum  Thuris,  Frank'incense  plaater.
 KEmp.  lithargyri,  Ibij,  thuris,  Ibss.  oxid. ferri.
rubr. if iij, Ph. D.), Uee:—the same as the plaster
of red oxide of iron.
  Emplastrum Vesicatorium, Blister, E. lyttae
—e. de Vigo cum  mercurio emendatum, E. hy-
drargyri compositum.
  EMPLATRE, Emplastrum—e. d'AndrS  de la
Croix, Emplastrum de pice  etresinis glutinans—
e. de CiguS, Emplastrum cicutae —e. Collant de
poix et de rSeinee, Emplastrum de pice et resinis
glutinans—e. de Gomme rSsine, Emplastrum cum
gummi-resinis — e. de Nuremberg,  Emplastrum
Norimbergense.
  EMPLATTOMENOS, Emphracticus.
  EMPNEUMATOSIS,  Emphysema,  Inspira-
tion.
  EMPOISONNEMENT, Poisoning.
  EMPO'RIUM,  tpiroptov,  (tp, 'in,' and noptvia,
' I  transport or send.'  The brain was so called,
of  old, because  there  all the mental affairs are
transacted.
   Emporium Spirituum, Sensorium.
  EMPOSIS, Imbibition.
   EMPREINTE, Impression.
  EMPRESIS, Empresma.
   EMPRES'MA,  Empres'mus, Empre'sie, from
tpirpnSta,  ' future,' t/jnrpneo), ' I burn  internally.'
Inflammation.  Phlegmasia membrano'sa et pa-
rynchymato'aa,  Phlogis'tici, Febrca continiia in-
flammato'ria, Inflamma'tio inter'na, Catt'ma, In-
ter1 nal  inflammation.    A  genus  in  the class
hamatica, order phlogotica, of Good.
   Empresma  Bronchitis,  Cynanche trachealis—
e. Bronchlemmitis, Cynanche trachealis—e. Car-
ditis,  Carditis—e. Cephalitis, Phrenitis—e. Cys-
titis, Cystitis—e.  Enteritis, Enteritis—e. Gastri-
tis, Gastritis—e. Hepatitis, Hepatitis—e. Hyster-
itis, Metritis—e. Nephritis, Nephritis—e. Orchitis,
Hernia humoralis — e. Otitis, Otitis — e. Paristh-
mitis, Cynanche—e. Paristhmitis tonsillaris ma-
ligna, Cynanche  maligna—e. Paristhmitis  pha-
ryngea, Cynanche pharyngea — e. Paristhmitis
tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris—e. Parotitis, Cy-
nanche parotidaea—e.  Peritonitis, Peritonitis—e.
 Peritonitis mesenterica, Mesenteritis—e. Periton-
itis omentalis, Epiploitis—e. Pleuritis, Pleuritis—
e.  Pleuritis diaphragmatica,  Diaphragmitis — e.
Pneumonitis, Pneumonia—e. Splenitis, Splenitis.
   EMPRESMUS, Empresma.
   EM'PRION, from tv, and vpaav, 'a saw.'  Ser-
rated.   Galen has given this name to the pulse,
when the sensation produced by the aitery under
 the fingers is analogous to that which would be
 caused by the unequal teeth of a  saw.
   EMPROSTHOCYRTOMA, Lordosis.
   EMPROSTHOT'ONOS, Emprosthotoilia, En-
 ta'aia  tet'anua anti'cue,  Tetanue  anticua,  from
 tpvpoeStv, 'forwards,' and rtivui,  'I stretch, 'I
 extend.'   A variety of tetanus, in which the body
 is drawn forwards by  the  permanent contraction
 of the muscles,
   EMPSYCHO'SIS,  from  tp^vxooi,  (tp, and
 ipvxn, 'life,')  'I animate,' 'I vivify.'   A  word
 formerly used for the act of animating.  The union
 of the soul with the body.
   EMPTOE,  Haemoptysis.
   EMPTOICA PASSIO, Haemoptysis.
   EMPTYSIS, Haemoptysis.
   EMPTYSMA, Sputum.
   EMPYE, Empyema.
j   EMPYE'MA, Empye'ai8, Em'pye, from tp, 'in,
I and -nvov,  'pus.'  Apoate'ma empye'ma.  A collec-
| tion of blood or pus, and, conventionally, of other
j fluid, in  some cavity  of the  body,  and particu-
| larly in that of the pleura.  Empyema is one of
[ the terminations of inflammation  of the pleura,
j and is called also, Pyotho'rax verua, Pleurorrhce'a
 purttlen'ta, Diapye'ma, Ecpye'ma, Eepye'ei8, Em-
 pye'eie sen Pyo'aia pec'toria, Hydrotho'rai: punt-
I len'ttts^ Dtjapnce'a  pyothorac"ica,  Pneumonia 
EMPYESIS               334              EMULSUM
evppurato'iia, Abacee'ene pec'toris seu Thora'cie, jl
Pleurapoete'ma,  Pleuropye'eie,  (¥.)  Empylme,
Pyopleurite.
  The operation for empyema properly means tbe j]
making of an opening  into the thorax for the i
purpose of giving issue to the matter collected in
the cavity of the  pleura, although it has been
used for the operation required for the evacuation
of any fluid  from  the  chest,  or synonymously
with Parencentesie thoracie.
   EMPYE'SIS;  same   etymon.   Suppuration.
An eruption  of phlegmonous pimples, gradually
filling with a purulent fluid, and terminating in i
thick scabs,  frequently leaving pits or scabs, j
Pui'tiloiis Exan'them.  A genus in the-order Ex-
anthematica,  class Hamalica of Good.  See Em-
pyema.
   Empyesis  Oculi, Hypopyon—e. Pectoris, Em-
pyema—e. Variola, Variola.
   EMPYMELIUM  POLYSARCIA,  Polysarcia
adiposa.
   EMPYOCE'LE, from tp, 'in,' irvov, 'pus,' and
KnXn, 'tumour,' 'hernia.'  A tumour, formed by
an accumulation  of pus in the  scrotum.   Diffe-
rent  diseases have  been  described under this
name, such as suppuration of the testicle, empy-
ema of the tunica vaginalis, accumulation of pus
in the cavity of a hernial sac, abscesses of dif-
ferent kinds  formed in the cellular texture of the
 scrotum, Ac.
   EMPYOM'PHALUS,fromc/i, 'in,' vvov, 'pus,'
and optpaXos, ' the navel.'  This word has been
used to  designate a suppurating tumour at the
umbilicus; or, at times, umbilical hernia,  the sac
 of which is filled with blood.
   EMPYOS, Purulent.
   E.MPYREU'MA, from  tpirvptvu, (tp, and wp,
 'fire,').'I kindle.'   The burnt smell and acrid
 taste, which  volatile products—gaseous and liquid
 —contract, when animal or vegetable substances
 are decomposed  by  a  strong  heat.  The cause
 of this smell is seated in an oil, called empyreu-
 malic, which does not exist in the substance sub-
 jected to the  operation, but is the result of its
 decomposition.   If  the  empyreuma occurs when
 the organic substance is placed in a still with a
 liquid, it is  owing to the  solid matter touching
 the bottom of the vessel to which the fire is ap-
 plied.
   EMPYREUMAT'IC, Empyreumalicua; same
 etymon.  Belonging to empyreuma,—as  an em-
 pyrenmatic  odour.
   EM'PYROS,  Febric"itana.   Same  etymon.
 One who has fever.—Hippocrates.
   EMS,  MINERAL WATERS OF.  Celebrated
 springs on  the  river  Lahn,  duchy of  Nassau.
 They are thermal (from 83 to  115° Fahrenheit,)
 and carbonated saiines, containing carbonic acid,
 bicarbonate  of soda, and chloride of sodium ; and
 are much used  in  gastric and intestinal affec-
 tions, Ac.
   EMUL'GENT, Emulgena, from emulgere,  (e,
 ond mulgere, mttleum,) ' to milk out,' ' to draw
 out.'  A name given to the renal artery and vein,
 because the  ancients imagined they milked, as  it
 were, the urine through the kidneys.  See Renal.
    EMUL'SIFY, (F.) Emulaionner, from emulaio,
 and fio, 'to  become.'   To  make or form an emul-
 sion.
   EMULSIN, see Amygdalin.
   EMCL'SIO, Einulsnm, Emtd'aion; same ety-
 mon.  A pharmaceutical preparation, of a milky-
 white opaque appearance,  which is composed of
 oil, divided  and  held in suspension  in water by
 means of mucilage.  Emulsions  have been di-
 vided into the true and oily, and into the falae
 or not oily ;  the latter being composed of resinous
substances, balsams, or camphor, rubbed up with
dilute alcohol, mucilage, or yolk of epg.
  Emulsio Aca'cIvE. E. Arab'ica, Gum Ar'abic
Emuleion.  (-Vmleor.  amygd.  comm.  ^j, aqua
Ibijss., mueilag. acac. §ij, aacch.  J5'v-   While
beating the decorticated almonds with the sugar
and water, add the mucilage.—Ph. E.)  I'sed in
the same  cases as the next.  Under  the name
Mistn'ra   Aca'cia, Gum  Ar'abic  Mixture,  the.
Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia  has  the  following.
Mueilag. Acacia f^iij; Amygdal. dulc. ^j.  and
gij;  Sacchar.  %^v ;  Aqua   Oij,  (Imper.  meas.)
Blanch the almonds; peel them ; beat to a smooth
pulp first with the sugar, and  then with the  mu-
cilage; add the water gradually, stirring con-
stantly, and strain through linen or calico.
   Emulsio Amyg'dal.*, E. Simplex, Lac ann/if-
dala, Amygdala'turn, Mietu'ra amygdala, Emul-
sio sive Lac Amygdala'rum or Almond Emulsion ;
Mixture  or Milk, (¥.) Lait d'amandee.  (Amyg-
dal.  dulc. ^ss; Artivia. in  pulv. fiss; Smchar.
fiYy, Aqua de8tillat. fjfviij.  Macerate  the al-
monds in water, and having removed their ex-
ternal coat, beat them with the gum Arabic and
sugar, in a marble mortar, till they are thoroughly
mixed; then rub the mixture with the distilled
water  gradually added, and strain.—Ph.  U. S.)
It is used as a diluent and  demulcent.
   Emulsio  Antihysterica, Mistura  asafoetidae
—e. Arabica,  Emulsio acaciae Arabicae.
   Emulsio Cam'phor^e.^.  Camphora'ta, Mistn'ra
 Camphora; Camphor Emuleion.  (Camphora"*}),
amygd, com. decortic,  aacch. dur., aa  £iv, aqua
^vj. — Ph. E.)  A  convenient form  for giving
 camphor.
   Emulsio  Guai a cina, Mistura guaiaci — e. Le-
niens, Looch ex ovo.
   Emulsio  O'lei Amygdala'rum; Emulsion of
 OH of Almonds, (Ol. amygd. ifj, gum  acac. pulv.
 gij,  ayrup. ^j, aqua deetill. ^iv.   Mix.  A good
 pectoral or cough mixture.
   Emulsio  O'lei  Ric"ini; Caator Oil Emulsion
 (Ol. ricini ^88, vitelli ovi q. s., aqua deatillat. 5jj.)
 An aperient draught.
   Emulsio O'lei  Terebin'thin,e; Emulaion of
 Oil  of Tur'pentine,  (Ol. tereb. red.  ^ij, aacch.
 alb. ifss,  vitell. ovi j, emule. amygd. vel aqua de-
 stillat.%vj.  Mix.   In rheumatic and nephritic
 affections.  Dose fifiss.
   Emulsio Oleosa,  Looch ex ovo.
   Emulsio Purgans  cum  Jala'pj! Fesi/na,
 Purging  Emulsion  with Resin of Jalnp.   (Ja-
 lapa resin, gr. xij. eacch. alb. gij.  Trittra'e for
 some  time, and add gradually half the  yolk  of
 an egg; continue to triturate^ adding  by degrees
 emuls. aimpl. %v, aq. flor. a<irtint. J}ij.—Ph.  P.)
   Emulsio Purganj cum  Soammo'nio; Purging
 Emulaion with Scimr.ony.  It is prepared like
 the  preceding, e-*or..ituting only Scammony fot
 the  jalap.
   Emulsio Sivilfx, E.  Amygdalae.
   EMULSION, Emulsio —e. Almond, E*mulsia
 amygdalae—c. Camphor, Emulsio  Camphorae—e.
 Castor oil, Errulsio  olei ricini — e. Gum Arabic,
 Emulsio acaciae Arabicae — e.  Huileuae, Looch ex
 ovo—e.  of Oil of Almonds, Emulsio olei amygda-
 larum—e. of Oil of Turpentine, Emulsio olei tere-
 binthinae—e. Purging, with resin of jalap, Emul-
 sio purgans cum jalapae resina—e. Purging, with
 seammony, Emulsio purgans cum scammonio.
   EMULSIONNER,  Emulsify.
   EMDL'SIVE, Emulalvue ; same etymon.  An
 epithet given  to seeds  whence oil may be ex-
 tracted by expression; such as almonds, apricots,
 peaches,  hemp, rape,  melons, gourds; those of
 the  nut kind, and cucurbitaceous and cruciferoui
 plants in general.
   EMULSUM, Emulsion. 
EMUNCTORIUM           335        ENC£ PHA L OUE MIE
  EMUNCTORIUM,  Emunctory—e.  Cerebri,
Nasus.
  EMI NC'TORY, Emuncto'rium,from emungere,
(e, and  mungere, munctum,) 'to drain  off,'  'to
cleanse.'   Emiasa'rium, (¥.) Emonctoire,  Emis-
eaire.  Any organ whose office it is to give issue
to matters which ought to be excreted.  The an-
cients believed that some organs were more par-
ticularly  destined to  serve  as emunctories  of
others ; the nasal fossae, for example, they believed
to be the emunctories of  the brain.
   EMUNDANTIA. Detergents.
   EMYS PALUS'TRIS, Salt  Water  Ter'rapin.
This species of turtle is found exclusively in salt
or brackish waters, near  the sea shore, along the
whole Atlantic coast.  It is much prized by the
epicure, and is nutritious and tolerably  easy of
digestion when dressed plain.
   EN, see Em.
   ENADELPHIA, Emboitement.
   EN.EMA. Haemostatica.
   EN.EMOX, Styptic.
   EN.EORE'MA, from  tv,  'in,' and atwptw, 'I
lift  up,'  'that  which  hangs or floats in.'   (F.)
 EnSorlme.   The  Neph'ele,  Nubes,  Sublimameii'-
 tum, Stiblima'tio,  Sublime,  Suspeilsum,  S.  Uri'-
 na,  Suapen'ea, Nubec'nla or cloud, which is  sus-
 pended in the urine as it cools.
   ENAMEL, E. of the teeth, (en, and  (F.) Smail,)
 Den'tium Nitor,  Cortex,  C.  8tria'ta,  Substantia
 jifamenta'sit  of Malpighi,  S.  Adaman'tina seu
 vit'rea, Crusta Den'tium  adaman'tina, Adaman-
 tine or vitreous subatance.  (¥.) Substance vitrSe
 ou  Smaillee, Email  des  Denta.  The substance
 which covers the coronae of the teeth.  The ena-
 mel is of a milky white colour, and sufficiently
 hard to strike fire with steel.   Its surface is very
 smooth  and polished, and  it forms a  thicker
 layer towards  the part where the  teeth come in
 contact,  and becomes  thinner towards the cervix.
 The fibres of the enamel are perpendicular to the
 surface of the teeth, on  the ivory  of which they
 seem, as it were, planted.   This  gives, them a
 velvety appearance, when examined  by the mi-
 croscope.  The enamel has no blood  vessels, and
 is not renewed when removed. • It is formed of
 phosphate of lime, and  a very small portion of
 animal matter.   A delicate  membrane covers the
 enamel—cuticle of the  enamel, Nasmyth's  mem-
 brane; but so closely united with it, that it can
 be demonstrated only by the use of chlorohydric
 acid.
   Enamel, Cuticle of the, see Enamel.
   ENANTHE'MA,  same etymon as the  next
 A name recently given to certain eruptions of the
 mucous  membrane, as  exanthema is to certain
 eruptions of the skin.
   ENANTHE'SIS,  from tv,  'in,'  and  av&eta, 'I
 flourish.' Ra8h exan'them.  Eruption of red, level
 or nearly  level,  patches, variously figured,  irre-
 gularly diffused, often confluent, and terminating
 in cuticular exfoliations.  A  genus in the  order
 Exanthematica, class  Hamatica, of Cullen, inclu-
 ding scarlet fever, measles, Ac.
   Enanthesis Rosalia, Scarlatina—e. Urticaria,
 Urticaria.
   ENANTIOPATHIC,  Palliative.
   ENARTHRO'SIS, Inarticula'tio, Ball  and
 Socket-joint, from tv,  'in,' and apHpaets,  'an arti-
 culation.'   A kind of diarthrodial articulation, in
 which the  head of a bone is received  into the
 cavity of another, and can  be moved in all direc-
 tions.  The joint of  the os femoris  with the os-
 innominatum is one of this character.
   ENAR'THRUM, from tv,  'in,'  and  apBpov, 'a
 joint.'  A foreign body in a joint.
   ENAUSMA, Fomites.
   ENCAN'THIS, from  tv,  'in,' and kuvBos, 'the
angle of the  eye.'  A tumour, formed by an in
crease in size, or a degeneration, of the caruncula
lacrymalis.   Any morbid growth  in the innei
angle of the eye.
  Encanthis Benig'na.  Simple excrescence of
the caruncula.  It commonly yields to astringent
collyria.
  Encanthis Fungo'sa.  A condition uf the  se-
milunar fold and lachrymal caruncle, in which
they are the seat of morbid growths.
  Encanthis  Inflammato'ria.   Inflammation
with enlargement — swelling — of  the semilunai
fold and lachrymal  caruncle.
  Encanthis  Malig'na has often a cancerous
character, .and  requires extirpation before it has
attained any  considerable size.
  ENCA'RDITIS, Endocarditis.
  ENCARPOS, Pregnant.
  ENCASING, Emboitement.
  ENCATALEPSIS, Catalepsy.
  ENCATHIS'MA, Semicu'pium.   With the an-
cients Encathis'ina, tyKaSiopa, (tv,  and KaOtfa, 'I
seat upon,') meant a vapour-bath taken  sitting.
  ENCAU'MA, from tv, 'in,' and xavui, 'I burn.'
Epicau'mie,  Epican'aia, Eiiciiu'sis.   A  tumour
produced by a burn.   A burn.  Also,  an ulcer
of the transparent cornea, occasioning loss of the
humours.—Aetius,  Gorraeus.
  ENCAUSIS, Burn, Encauma, Moxibustion.
  ENCAUSSE, MINERAL WATERS OF.  En-
causse  is  a village in  the department  of  the
Haute-Garonne,  which possesses  several saline,
acidulous springs.
   ENCAVURE, Argema.
   ENCEINTE, Pregnant.
   ENCENS, Juniperus lycia.
   ENCENSIER, Rosmarinus.
   ENCEPHALA^GIA, Cephalalgia—e. Hydro-
pica, Hydrocephalus internus.
   ENCEPHAL'IC, Encephnlicua,  from  tv,  'in,'
and KtipaXn, 'the head.'  That which is situate in
the head.  A name given to several parts which
relate to the encephalon, as the encephalic mem-
brane, miiacle8, Ac
   ENCEPHALI'TIS,  from  Encephalon, and itie,
denoting inflammation. This term  has been used,
by some nosologists, synonymously with Cepha-
 li'tie and Phrenltie.   By others, it has been ap-
propriated to inflammation  of  the  brain, in con-
 tradistinction to that of the membranes.
   Encephalitis Exsudatoria,  Hydrocephalus
internus — e. Infantum, Hydrocephalus internus
—e. Insolationis, Coup-de-soldl—e. Membranosa,
 Meningitis—e. Peripherica,  Meningitis—e. Pota-
 torum,  Delirium tremens.
   ENCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum.
   ENCEPIIALOCE'LE, from  encephalon, and
 KnXn, 'a tumour.'  Hernia  seu Fungus  Cerebri,
 Cranioce'le, Hernia of the Brain.   This may be
 a congenital or accidental affection.  In the for-
 mer case, it  is dependent upon tardy ossification
 of the  fontanelles  or  some  faulty  conformation.
 In the latter,  it is owing to some considerable
 loss of substance in the parietes of the cranium,
 produced  by fractures, wounds with a cutting
 instrument,  caries, the application of the tre-
 phine,  Ac.  In slight congenital  encephalocele,
 gentle pressure may be exerted upon the protruded
 portion.   When the  disease  is of considerable
 extent, it is fatal.  In accidental  encephalocele,
 similar means  must be used  for  confining  the
 tumour, and  preserving it  from  the action of
 external bodies.
   ENCEPHALOCHYSIS, Hydrocephalus inter-
 nus—e. Senilis, Apoplexy, serous.
   ENCEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia.
   ENCEPHALOILEMIA, Cephalsemia.
   ENOEPHALOHEMIE,  Cephalaemia. 
EXCEPIIALOID            336                ENCYSTIS
  ENCEPH'ALOID, Encephaloi'dea, Ceph'aloid,
Crphaloi'dee, Cephalo'ma,  from encephalon, and
tiios, 'resemblance.'  Laennec has given tbe term
Enceph'aloid or  Cer'ebriform matter to one of
tbe morbid substances commonly formed by scir-
rhous or cancerous tumours. It is either encysted,
in irregular  masses  without cysts,  or  infiltrated
into the  texture of  the diseased organ.  This
name was given  to it in consequence of its  re-
semblance, when fully developed, to the medul-
lary substance of the brain.  It is also called
Fungus  medulla'rie  seu Cancro'sus medulla'rie
seu Cerebra'/is,  Sarco'ma  medulla're,  Spongoid
inflammation, Cancer cerebrifor'me seu  mollis  seu
medullilria,  Card no'ma medulla'rje  seu epongio'-
aitiii, Card'nue epongio'etts, Struma fungo'aa, Myc-
in'ma, Mi/dom'ycea, Myeloapon'gua, Tela aceiden-
ta'lis medulla'ria, (F.) Matilre cSrSbriforme, Car-
cinome mou et apongeux, Tumeur encSphalo'ide ou
apongieuse ou oaaivore  ou  pulpeuee ou fongo'ide
ou fongtieuae ou  apleniforme, Fongue mSdullaire,
Carcindme 8anglant, Cancer mou ou encSphalo'ide
ou mSdullaire ; Milt-like tumour, Med'nllary aar-
coma, Cellular cancer, Fungoid or Hamatocer'-
ebriform diseaee.  See Cancer.
  Encephaloid Tumour of the Lung, Phthisis,
cancerous.
  ENCEPHALOLOG"IA, from encephalon, and
Xoyos, 'a description.'  A description of the  en-
cephalon.
  ENCEPHALOMALACIA, Mollities  cerebri.
  ENCEPHALOMALAXIS, Mollities cerebri.
  ENCEPHALO-MENINGITIS,   Meningo-ce-
phalitis.
  ENCEPn'ALON,  Enceph'alum,  Enceph'altta,
Enkeph'itlon; from  tv, 'in,'  and  KtipaXn, 'the
head.'   That which is situate in the head.  This
name has generally been given, to the brain, cere-
bellum, and mesocephalon.   At  times, it includes
likewise the  medulla apinalia, when it is also called
the  Cerebrospinal,  and  Neural axie.  Under
the term Craniospinal axis or centre of automa-
tic  actions,  Dr. Carpenter  includes the sensory
ganglia — tbe respiratory  and  stomato-gastric
ganglia forming the  centre of the medulla  ob-
longata and the spinal ganglia or true spinal
cord.
  ENCEPHALOPATHFA, (F.) EncSphalopa-
t.hie, from encephalon, and nados,  'disease.'  A
disease of the encephalon.
  Encephalopathy Literato'rum.  The con-
dition of brain, supposed to be  produced by over-
tasking it.
  Encephalopathia Puerperalis, Mania, puer-
peral— e. Saturnina, see EncSphalopathie satur-
nine.
  EN CEP HA L OP A THIE, Encephalopathia —
e. Crapuleuae, Delirium tremens.
  ENCEPHALOPATHY SATURNINE.  En-
r.ephalopathla Saturnina.   Encephalic disorder
occasioned by the poison of lead.
  ENCEPHALOPHY'MATA,  Phymato'ses  seu
Strnmo'8es seu Tuber'aula  cer'ebri;  from ence-
phalon, and <pvpa, givparos, 'a tumour.'  Tuber-
cles of the brain.
  ENCEPHALOPHTHISIS, see Encephalopyo-
sis.
  ENCEPnALOPYO'SIS,  from encephalon,  and
ttuov, 'pus.'  Aposte'ma seu Abacee'eue seu Helco'-
aia  cefebri.   Suppuration   of the brain.  When
accompanied with emaciation  and hectic, it is
sailed Encephalopthl'sis.
  ENCEPHALO-RACIIIDIAN, Cephalo-spinal.
  ENCEPHALORRHAGIA, see Apoplexy.
  EXOEPHALOSCOPIA, Craniology.
  ENCEPHALOSEPSIS,  Mollities cerebri.
  ENCEPHALOSIS OF THE LIVER, Hepato-
«eirrhus.               •
  ENCEPHALOSISMUS,  Concussion  of  the
brain.       "
  ENCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS, see Hydrocepha-
lus internus.
  ENCEPIIALUM, Encephalon.
  ENCEPH ALUS OPISTHIUS, Cerebellum.
  ENCEROSIS, Inceration.
  ENCHARAXIS, Scarification.      f
  ENCHATOSNEMENT, Chatonnement.
  ENCHEIRE'SIS, Enchire'sie, Enchei'ria, from
tv, and xuP' 'tae hand.'  Galen uses this term as
a part of the title to one of his works, which treats
of dissection.  It means the manual treatment of
any subject.
  ENCHEIRIA, Encheiresis.
  ENCIIIFRENEMENT, Coryza.
  ENCHIRESIS, Encheiresis.
  ENCHONDROMA, Chondroma.
  ENCHORIONOSUS, Endemic.
  ENCHORIOS, Endemic.
  ENCHRISTON, Liniment.
  ENCHYLOSIS, Extraction.
  ENCIIYMA, Infusum, Plethora.
  ENCHYMO'MA,  Enchymo'aia, from  tv, and
Xeoi, ' I pour.'  By the ancients, this word was
used to designate the sudden effusion of blood
into the cutaneous vessels, which arises from joy,
anger, or shame; in the last instance constituting
blushing.  It  differs from  ecchymosis in there
being, in the latter, extravasation  of blood into
the areolar texture, and  its being produced by
an external  cause;  a contusion, for  example.—
Hippocrates.
  ENCHYSIS, Infusion.
  ENCLA VE, Wedged.
  EN CLA VEMENT, see Wedged.
  ENCL UME, Incus.
  ENCLYDAS'TICOS, intus fluc'tuans, from ty
xXvia^opai, (tv, and kXv(,u>, ' I wash.') ' to float in.
Applied to liquids, e. g., to serum, pus, Ac, con-
tained in any cavity.
  ENCLYSMA, Clyster, Enema.
  ENCGl'LIA, from  tv,  'in,'  and  xoiXta, 'the
belly,'   The abdominal viscera.   The entrails.
  ENC05LIALG.IA, Tormina—e. Inflammatoria,
Encoelitis.
  ENC03LI'TIS, Enccdil'tis, Encvelialg"ia  in-
flammato'ria,  Inflamma'tio abdominu'lie; from
tyxoiXia, 'the  abdominal  contents,' and  tit*, in-
flammation.  Inflammation of any of the abdo-
minal viscera.
  ENCOLPIS'MUS, from tv, 'in,'  and  koXhos,
'the vagina.'  Injection or introduction of any
thing into the vagina.
  ENCOLPI'TIS, Oolpophlegmhymeni'tis; from
iv,  'in,' koXitos, 'the vagina,' and  tti», denoting
inflammation.   Inflammation of the lining mem-
brane of the vagina.
  ENCOPE, Diacope, Incision.
  ENCRANION, Cerebellum.
  ENCRANIS, Cerebellum.
  ENCRE. Atramentum.
  ENCYESIS, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  ENCYMON, Pregnancy.
  ENCYMOSIA, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  ENCYSIS,  Pregnancy.
  ENCYST'ED,  Cyetide   obdnc'tne, Sacca'tua,
Saccula'tua,  Sac'cuted,  Sacculated, Pouched.
Enclosed  in a kyst or cyst, or pouch; from tv,
'in,' and  kvotis,  'bladder.'   (F.)  Enkyetf.  An
epithet given to certain tumours, or solid or fluid
collections enclosed in a particular envelope or
cyst.  They are movable  and often elastic to tbe
touch.
  ENCYS'TIS,  Tumor tunica'tue  seu cye'ticus,
Emphy'ma  eneye'tia.   Same  etymon.  Lu'pio,
Glan'dula Avicen'na, Nodue.   An encysted tu-
mour. 
ENDADELPHIA            33
  ENDADELPHIA, see Emboitement.           I
  ENDAN'GIUM; properly Endanglon or En-\
danglum, Membra'na vaeo'rum  commu'nia.  (¥.) I
Tnniqite commune de Bichat; from tviov, 'within,' ,
and  ayytiov,  'a vessel.'  The  serous  or  lining.
membrane  of vessels.
  EXDEICTICOS, Indicant.
_ EXDEIX10L"0GY,  Endeixiolog"ia, from tv-
o£ifi?, (tv, and btiKvvm, ' I show,') 'indication,' and
Xoyns, 'a discourse.'  The doctrine of indications.
  ENDEIXIS, Indication.
  ENDEMIA, Endemic
  ^ ENDEM'IC, Endem'ical,  Ende'mia,  Regiona'-
lis morbus, Endem'ir.ua ; from tv, 'in,' and  inpos,
'the  people;'   Encho'rios, Enchorion'ostts,  Ver-
nac'ulita sen Endemine  mor'btte,  Endemy,  (¥.)
 Emlemie, Maladie rS.ijinnalc.  A disease said to
be  endemic,  (F.) Endemique, or  to arise from
endemic"ity,  (¥.) endemicite, when it  is owing
 to some peculiarity in  a situation or locality.
 Thus, ague is  endemic  in marshy countries;
 goitre at the base of lofty mountains, Ac   Some
 authors use the term  in the same sense as epide-
 mic.   We  have no  accurate  knowledge of  the
 emanations or other circumstances which  give
 occasion to endemic affections.  We seem to know
 that  some emanation from marshy lands  does
 produce intermittents:  but we  are  ignorant  of
 the nature of such emanation.
   ENDEMICITE, see Endemic.
   EXDEMICITY, see Endemic.
   EXDEMIOL'OGY,  Endemiolog"ia,  from 'en-
 demic' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'  The doctrine of
 endemic diseases.
   EXDEMIQUE, Endemic.
   ENDEMY. Endemic.
   ENDEPIDERMIS, Epithelium.
   EXDER'MIC,  Ender'micue,   Endermat'icus,
  Eiifilas'tro-endermie, (¥.) Endermiqne, from tv,
  and itova,  'the skin.'   An  epithet given to  the
  method of treating diseases by placing the thera-
  peutical agent in contact with the skin,  especially
  lifter the cuticle has been removed ; Enderm'ism,
  Endermis'mns, Endermo'sis, Jl-'th'odus euder'mica
  seu   endermal ica,   Diadermatrl a.    Morphia,
  strychnia, Ac, are often  administered in  this
  vrav.
   ENDERMIS, see Endermic.
   ENDERMISMUS, see Endermic.
   ENDERMOSIS, see Endermic.
   EN'DESIS, from, tv, 'in,' and  itia, 'I  bind.'
  A ligature,  bandage,  connexion.   Hippocrates
  has so termed  the ankle-joint.
   ENDIVE, Ciehorium endivia—e. Wild, Cieho-
  rium intybus.
   ENDIVIA,  Ciehorium endivia.
   ENDIXIS,  Indication.
   ENDO, from tviov, 'within.'  A common prefix,
  as in the following terms :
   ENDO-AORTI'TIS, from tviov, 'within,' and
  aortitie, ' inflammation of the aorta.'  Inflamma-
  tion of the lining membrane of the aorta.
   ENDO-ARTERITIS, see Arteritis.
   ENDOBLAST, see Periblast.
   ENDOCARDE, Endocardium.
   ENDOCAR'DIAC, Endocardial, EndocardV-
  acua: same etymon as tbe next.   Relating to the
  endocardium, or to the interior of the  heart; as
  'endocardiac sound or murmur,' — a sound pro-
  duced within  the cavities of the heart, in contra-
  distinction to exocardiae or exocardial  sounds or
  murmurs,  which are induced by conditions of the
 external surface of the organ.                _
   ENDOCARDI'TIS,  Encarditie, Cardi'tie  in-
 ter'na, Inflamma'tio enperfic"iei inter'na cordia,
 Inter'nal'Carditia, Inflamma'tion of the internal
 membrane of the heart, (¥.)  Endocardite, from en-
 docard'ium. the lining membrane of  the  heart,
       22
7             ENDOSMOTIC
and  itie, inflammation.   In  this  disease,  the
heart's action is visibly increased, and very mani-
fest to the touch; the hand is strongly repelled,
and, at moments, is sensible of a trembling vi-
bratory motion.   Percussion gives a dull  sound
over a surface of several  inches,  owing, accord-
ing to Bouillaud, to the inflammatory turgescence
of the heart, and the engorged state of its cavi-
ties.  On  auscultation, a 6r«tt de eoufflet is gene-
rally heard, masking one or both sounds  of the
heart; and the ear is sensible of a metallic ring-
ing with each systole of the ventricle.  The pul-
sations are rapid as well as strong, and, with few
exceptions,  irregular, unequal and intermittent.
The pulse, by the way, does not always indicate
the force or number of the heart's contractions.
   ENDOCAR'DIUM,  from tviov, 'within,'  and
eapita, 'the heart.'  (¥.)  Endocarde.  The mem-
brane that lines the interior of the heart.
   ENDOCHORION, see Chorion.
   ENDOCOLITIS, Dysentery.
   ENDOCYMIEN, from tviov,' within,' and xvpa,
'the product of conception.'  A double monster
by inclusion — Isidore G. St.  Hilaire.  See Em-
boitement.
   ENDODONTI'TIS,  (F.)  Inflammation de  la
Pulpe dentaire,  Inflammation of the Dental mem-
brane, from tviov,' within,' oiovs, oiovros, ' a tooth,'
and ttt»,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation
of the lining membrane of a tooth.
   ENDO-ENTERITIS, see Enteritis.
   ENDOGASTRI'TIS, Esogastrltie ; from tviov,
'within,' and gaatritia, 'inflammation  of the sto-
mach.'  Inflammation of the  lining membrane
of the stomach.
   ENDOGEN, see  Endogenous.
   ENDOG"ENOUS;  from tviov, 'within,'  and
ytwam, ' I  engender.'  A term first  applied  to
plants — hence  called End'ogene — in which  the
new woody matter is  deposited within the  old,
and towards the centre.   In the animal, cells are
often formed endogenouely, or  within the cells, as
in the case of the sperm vesicles.
   An endog"enoue aneurism is  one that originates
spontaneously from lesions  of the  inner coat of
the arteries.
   ENDOLYMPH,  Vitrine auditive.
   ENDOMETRITIS, from tviov, 'within,' and
 metritis, 'inflammation of  the uterus.'  Inflam-
 mation of  the  lining membrane of the  uterus.
 When accompanied with a diphtheritic exudation,
 it is sometimes called Endometritis erottpo'sa.
   ENDONARTERITIS,  see Arteritis.
   EXDOPHLEBITIS, Phlebitis.
   ENDOPLAST, see Periplast.
   ENDORMIE, Datura stramonium.
   ENDOSIS, Remission.
   ENDO-SKELETON, see Skeleton.
   ENDOSMOSE,  Endoamo'aie, Double  Im-
 bibil'ion, from tviov,  'within,' and uiopos, 'Im-
 pulse.'  A  term first used by Dutrochet, to ex-
 press the action by which fluids pass from with-
 out to within  organic membranes.  The action
 of two fluids on each other, when separated by a
 membrane.  The general  conditions of the phe-
 nomena are • •—first, that they should have an
 affinity for  the  interposed membrane; and ae
 condly, that they sliould have an affinity for each
 other, and be miscible.
   At the present day, endoemgee is generally used
 to signify the passage of the  more transmissible
 fluid,  whilst exoamoae signifies that of the least
 transmissible.   The rapidity  with which  endos-
 mose  is  accomplished varies  according  to  the
 nature of the septum or tissue and of the pene-
 trating bodv, and to the penetrability of the tissue.
   ENDOSMIC, Endosmotic
   ENDOS.MOT'IC,  Endoamol icua, Endoa'mie, 
ENDOSTElTIS              338             ENGOUEMENT
Endoe'miciie;  same etymon.  Belonging to  en-
dosmose :—as  an ' endoemotic current.'
  ENDOSTEi'TIS, from  tviov,  'within,' oortov,
'a bone,' and  itia, denoting  inflammation.   In-
flammation of the internal periosteum.
  ENDOSTEUM, Medullary membrane.
  EXDOUTERITIS, see Metritis.
  ENDUIT (¥.), from induere, 'to put upon,'
'to put on.'  A coat;  a fur.  This term  is often
applied to a  layer of greater or less  thickness
which covers  the  surface  of certain organs,  and
particularly of the tongue and the interior of the
mouth.  The  enduit is  designated variously, ac-
cording to  its  appearance,—enduit bilieux, jaune,
blanc, Ac. — a bilioue, yellow, white,  coat  or fur,
Ae.  It is  at  times owing  to the evaporation of
the watery portions of the secretions ;  at others,
to a morbid condition of the  secretions : — gene-
rally, to both  causes  combined.   The tongue, in
such a condition, is said to be coated or furred ;
sometimes, loaded.
   ENDUIT  CHORO'iDIEN, see Choroid.
   ENDURCISSEMENT,  Induration — e.   du
 Cerveau, Sclerencephalia—e. Rouge, see Hepati-
zation—e.  dtt Coeur, CardioaclSrosie—e. du Tia8ii
celliilitire,  Induration of the  cellular tissue.
   EXDYMA  VENTRICULORUM,  Ependyma
ventriculorum.
   ENECHEMA, Tinnitus  aurium.
   ENEC1A,  Synocha—e. Cauma{  Synocha — e.
 Pynochus  Puerperarum, see Peritonitis—e. Syno-
chus, Synoehus.
   EX'EM A, tvtpa, from tvinpi, (tv, and  tnpt, 'to
inject.'  Clyama, Clysmus, Enclys'ma, Lavamen'-
 turn, Lo'tio.   An Injection, Clyster,  (¥.) Clyatlre,
 Lureineiit.   A  well-known  form of conveying
 medicine into the intestinal canal.  See Clyster.
   Enema  Aloes, Clyater  of aloes.   (Aloea, ^ij;
 PotasH. carbon, gr. xv; Decoct. Hordei, Oss, (Imp.
 meas.,) M.  Ph. L.)   Used  in cases of ascarides
 and amenorrhoea.
   Enema  Anod'ynum,  Enema O'pii; An'odynel
 or  Starch and  Opium Clyater.  (Decoct, amyli
 fifiv; tinct. opii tt(,. xxx. M. PM L.)  Exhibited
 in cases of severe diarrhoea or dysentery.
   Enema  Cathart'icum ; Cathartic or  Purging
 Clyater.  (Olei.  oliv. f ifj;  eulph.  magnea.  jfj;
 mueilag. acacia f^fxvi; M.  Ph. D.)
    Enema  Colocynth'idis, Clyater of Col'oeynth.
 (Ext. Colocynth ^ss; Sapon. mollis fi'y, aqua, Oj.
 (Imp. meas.,) M.  Ph. L.)  An efficient cathartic
 clyster.
    Enema   Commu'ne;   Common  or  Domestic
 Clyster.   ( Water gruel or molassee and water Oss
 or Oj; add a little oil or lard, and a epoonful of
 common ealt.)  Given as a cathartic enema; and,
 without the common salt,  as an emollient.
    Enema Foet'idum, E. aeeafae'tida, Fetid Clya-
 ter, Clyster  of aeaafetida;  Mis'tura aeafae'tida
 pro clya'mate,  Clyama ton'icnm et antiapaamod'-
 ictim seu  in'citana et aedana, (¥.) Lavement anti-
 spasinodique. ( The  last, with the addition of ^ij
 of the tincture of aeafcetida. Ph. D.)   Given as
 an antispasmodic and anodyne.
    Enema Nicotia'n/b;  Tobac'co  Clyeter.   This
 generally consists of from half a pint to a pint of
 the Infuaum  Tabaci.  It is employed in  cases of
 strangulated hernia; but occasionally acts as a
 fatal poison when given in this way.  The smoke
 of tobacco is sometimes thrown up the rectum to
 produce the same medicinal effects as the infusion.
    Enema Opii, E. anodynum.
    Enema Terebin'thin.«; Tur'pentine Clyater.
  (01. tereb. f^j.  Decoct, hordei f ifxix, one yolk of
  egg.  Incorporate the turpentine with  the yolk,
  then add the  gruel.  Ph.  L.)  To be adminis-
  tered in cases of ascarides,  (oxyures.)
    EXEPIDERM'IC,  Enepider'micue,  from  tv,
  * in,' tni,  ' upon,' and itppa, ' the skin.'  An epi-
| thet given to the method of treating diseases,
' which  consists in the application  of medicines ;
 as plasters, blisters, Ac, to the skin.
   ENEHEISIS, Compression.
   ENERGIA, Action, Force.
   EN'ERG Y, Energi'a,  from  tvtpytia, (ev, and
 tpyov, 'action^') 'I act.'  Action.   Acting power.
 Also, vigour;  as the  'muscular  energy;'  the
 1 brain acts with energy.'
   EXERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Enervation.
   ENERVA'TION, Encrra'tio, from e, 'out of,'
 and nervits, ' strength.'  The  act of weakening—
 the state of  being weakened.   See Debility.
   ENERVATIONES  TENDINEiE,  Inscript:.
 ones tendineae musculorum.
   ENERVITAS, Inertia.
   ENFANCE, Infancy.
   ENFANT, Infans—e.  d Terme,  see  Foetus—e.
 LSgitime, see Legitimate.
   ENFANTEMENT, Parturition.
   EN PL URE, Swelling, QSdema—e. des Jambee
 et dea cuisses de lafemme aceouchSe, Phlegmatia
 dolens.
   ENFONCEMENT  SCAPHOIDE,  Scaphoi-
 des fossa.
   ENFONCEURE, Arthrodia.
   ENFONCURE, Arthrodia.
   EXGASTERION, Laboratory.
   ENGASTRIMISME, see Engastrimyth.
   ENGASTRIMYSME,see  Engastrimyth.
   ENGAS'TRIMYTH ;   Bngastrimy'thtts,  En-
 gl ottogas'tor, Gaatriloqtiua,  Ventriloquua,  Gae-
 triloquiat, Etlrycles, Enrycli'tua,  Enteroman'tia,
 Gaatroman'tia, from  tv, 'in,'  yaornp, 'the belly,'
 and pvStopat, 'I  discourse.'  A   Ventriloquiat.
 (¥.)  Ventriloque,  Gaatriloque.   One  who  pos-
 sesses  the art of modifying his natural voice, so
 that it seems to come  from a greater or less dis-
 tance,  and from different directions. It was for-
 merly  believed that such  persons spoke from the
 belly ; hence their name.   It is  an imitative art,
 and is  called  Ventriloquism.  (F.)  Engastri-
 miame, Engaatrimyame.
    ENGEISOMA, Engisoma.
    ENGEL URE, Chilblain.
    ENGHIEN  MONTMORENCY, MINERAL
  WATERS  OF.  Enghien-les-Bains.   A  hydro-
  sulphurous  water, four leagues from Paris, near
  Montmorency, which is  possessed  of  some cele-
  brity.   It contains chloride  of sodium, chloride
  of magnesium, sulphate  of magnesia, sulphate of
  lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of lime,
  silica, sulphohydrate of  lime and magnesia, sul-
  phohydric acid, carbonic acid and nitrogen.
    ENGISO'MA, Engeiso'ma,  Engizo'ma,  from
  tyyii,u>,  'I  approximate.'   (F.)  Embarrure.   A
  species of fracture of the skull, in which  a splin-
  ter passes beneath the sound portion of the bone,
  and compresses the brain.—Galen.  Also, a kind
  of instrument used in fractures of  the clavicle.
     ENGLISH DISEASE, Rachitis.
     EXGLOTTOGASTOR, Engastrimyth.
     ENGOMPHOSIS, Gomphosis.
     ENGORGEMENT, from  en, 'in,'  and gorge,
  ' the  throat.'  An  obstruction occurring  in  the
  vessels  of a part, giving  rise to augmentation of
  volume. Congestion.
     ENGORGEMENT DES MEMBRES  AB-
  DOMINAUXA LA SUITE DES COUCHES,
  Phlegmatia dolens—e. Hepatic, Hepatohaemia —
  e. Laiteux  dee membres abdominaux, Phlegmatia
  dolens.
     ENGOUEMENT (¥.),  Obstruc'tio, Iner'tia,
  from  angere,  ' to  choke.'  Accumulation in a
  hollow  organ, of the matters secreted by it or
  carried into it.   There is said to be Enrjouemem
  des bronchee, when the mucus accumulates in the
  bronchia;  and Engouement dee  intestina, when
  the matters which ought to pass through the in- 
ENGOUEMENT
339   ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCELE
 testines are detained; as in a case of strangulated
 bernia.                                 °
   ENGOUEMENT DES POUMONS, E. of the
 lunge, in  Pathological  Anatomy, signifies that
 state of  he lungs, in which a mixture of air and

   J^S^""" them When Cut iQt<>-
   ENGOCRDISSEMENT, Torpor
   ENG Ii ENURE, Suture.     P
   EX1LEMAT0SIS, Haematosis.
   ENIXA, Puerpera.
   EXIXIO F03TLIS, Parturition.
   ENIXUS  FfETUS, Parturition.
   ENKEPHALON, Encephalon.
   ENKYSTE, Encysted.
   ENKYSTEMENT, Chatonnement.
   ENMETRITIS, see Metritis.
   ENNEAPHAR'MACOS,  from  twta,  'nine,'
 and  ipapitaKov, 'a medicine.'  A medicine, com-
 posed of nine simple ingredients.   A pessary, so
 formed. — Galen, Paulus.   The Antid'otue Hera-
 cli'dia, described by Galen, and some plasters by
 Aetius and Celsus, are, likewise, termed Ennea-
 pharmaca.—Gorraeus.
   EXORMIS, Abnormous.
   EXORMITAS  CORDIS, Heart, hypertrophy.
   EXOR'MON, tvopuiav, Hormon,  Im'petum fa'-
 eiena, from tv, ' in,' and opiiaut, ' I rouse,' ' excite.'
 A word used  by Hippocrates in the same sense
 as vital principle is by modern physiologists.
   ENOSIS, Insertion.
   ENOSTO'SIS,  Entoato'sie, from tv,  'in,' and
 oortot', 'a bone.'  A  morbid growth of bone  in-
 wards—the opposite to exostosis.
   ENRAGE, Rabid.
   ENRHUMER, See Cold.
   ENROUEMENT, Raucedo.
   EXRYTH'MOS, from tv, and pv$poS, 'number.'
 Having rhythm.   An epithet applied to the pulse
 when its pulsations occur with some degree of
 order.  It  is  opposed to Aryth'moa, and  differs
 from Eurythmoa, which signifies ' regular.'
   EXS.  A  being.   Paracelsus meant, by this
 term, the power  exerted  by certain beings  on
 our body.  He speaks of the Ens Dei, E. Astro'-
 rum,  E. natura'le, E. virtu'tis, E.  morbo'rum,  E.
 de poten'tibue spirit'ibus, Ac.  These absurd de-
 nominations  suggested to  some  of the ancient
 chymists a name  for certain chymical prepara-
 tions. The muriate of ammonia and  iron was
 called Ens martis; the muriate of ammonia and
 copper, Ens veneris ;  and Ens primum was, with
 the alchymists, the name of a tincture which they
 considered possessed of the power of transmuting
 metals.
   Ens Martis, Ferrum ammoniatum—e. Veneris,
 Boylei, Ferrum ammoniatum.
   EN'SIFORM, Ensifor'mis,  from  ensis,  'a
 sword,' and forma, 'form.'   Sword-like.
   Ensiform Apophy'ses or Proc"esses are the
 lesser alae of the sphenoid bone.
  Ensiform  Appen'dix or  Car'tilage  is the
 xiphoid appendix of the sternum, Ac.   See Xi-
 phoid.
  EXSIFORMIS, Xiphoid.
  ENSI-STERNAL.  Relating  to the  ensiform
 process of the  sternum.  BSclard gave this name
 to the last osseous portion of the  sternum.  He
 also  called  it  Vos ultimi-sternal.  See  Ultimo-
 sternal.
  ENSOMATOSIS, Incorporation.
  ENSTALAX'IS, Instillation.
  EN'STROPHE, from tv, 'in,' and orptipui,  'I
turn.'  Inversion of a part, as of the eyelids.
  ENTABLEMENT, Depression.
  ENTAILLE (¥.), from en,  'in,' and tailler,
'to cut.'  Excie'io, Ec'cope, Ec'tome.   A  deep
wound made by a sharp instrument obliquely.
Entaillcs and Tailladee are, also, used to desig-
 nate deep scarifications, made for the purpose of
 producing a speedy dSgorgement of any tumefied
 part; such, for example, as are  made  in the
 tongue in certain cases of glossitis.
   ENTAMURE (F.).  A slight incision or lace-
 ration.
   ENTANTHEMA, Eisanthema.
   ENTASIA,  Tonic  spasm—e. Articularis, Con-
 tractus— e. Loxia,  Torticollis — e. Priapismus,
 Priapismus—e. Systremma,  Cramp—e. Tetanus,
 Tetanus — e. Tetanus anticus, Emprosthotonos—
 e. Trismus, Trismus.
   ENTASIS, Tonic spasm.
   ENTAT'ICUS, Intenei'vue,  from tvrtiva,  ' I
 make tense.'   A medicine which excites the ve-
 nereal appetite.
   ENTELIPATHIA, Nymphomania.
   ENTELMINTHA, Worms.
   ENTENDEMENT,  Intellect.
   ENTERADELPHIA, see  Emboitement.
   ENTERAD'ENES, from tvrtpov, 'an intestine,'
 and ainv, 'a gland.'  The mucous glands of the
 intestines.  See Peyeri glandulae.
   ENTERADENOG'RAPHY,  Enteradenogra'-
 phia, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' ainv,  'gland,' and
 ypaipn, ' a description.'  A description of the in-
 testinal glands.
   E N T E R A D E N 0 L'OGY, Enteradenolog"ia,
 from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' ainv, 'gland,' and Xoyos,
 'a treatise.'  That part of anatomy which treats
 of the intestinal glands.
   ENTERAERECTASIA, Tympanites.
   ENTERAL'GIA, Enterodyn'ia, from tvrtpov,
 'intestine,' and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the intes-
 tines. Colic.
   Enteralgia Acuta,  Enteritis — e. Inflamma-
 toria, Enteritis—e. Saturnina, Colica metallica.
   ENTERANGEMPHRAXIS, Enterangi-
 emphraxis.
   ENTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS,  Enferan-
 gemphrax'ie, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,'  ayxw,  'I
 strangle,' and tp<ppaoaii>, 'I obstruct.' Obstruction
 of the vessels of the intestines.
   ENTERATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia Inteetino'rum,
 from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' and atrophia,  'want  of
 nutrition.' Atrophy of the coats of the intestines.
   ENTERAUX'E, from tvrtpov,  'intestine,' and
 au|>7, ' increase.'  Hypertrophy of the muscular
 coat of the intestines.—Fuchs.
   ENTERECHE'MA,  from  tvrtpov, 'intestine.'
 and  17^17, nxw> W/"*> 'sound.' Son'itue inte8tina'-
 lia.   The  sound of the movement of the intes-
 tines, heard by the stethoscope.
   ENTERECTASIS, Dilata'tio  Inteetino'rum,
 from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' and tKraats, 'dilatation.'
 Dilatation of the intestines; as in tympanites.
   ENTERELCO'SIS,  Enterhelco'eis, Enterohel-
 co'eia, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' and 'tXamois, 'ul-
 ceration.'   Ulceration  of intestines—Ulcera'tio
 intestina'li8, Ulcera intestina'lia.
  ENTERELESIA, Ileus.
  ENTERELOSIS, Ileus.
  ENTEREMPHRAX'IS, Infarc'tus InteetM-
 rum,  Incarcera'tio  inteetino'rum inter'na,  (F.)
 Etranglement dee Inteetina, E.  Inteatinale, from
 tvrtpov,  'intestine,'  and tn<ppa£ts, 'obstruction.'
 Obatruction of  the Inteatinea  from accumulation
 of faeces or otherwise.  Also, Enterangiemphraxis.
  ENTEREN'CHYTA, Enteren'chytea,  from tv-
 rtpov, 'an  intestine,' tv, and xtu>r 'I pour.'  Any
 surgical instrument for  administering injections.
—Scultetus.
  ENTEREPIPLOCELE, Enteroepiplocele.
  ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCE'LE, from tvrt-
pov,  'intestine,' tttirtXoov, 'omentum,'  optpaXos,
'navel,' and K17A17, 'rupture.'  Hernia of the  um-
bilicus, with protrusion of the omentum and in-
testine. 
ENTERHELCOSIS          340          ENTEROMORPHIA
  F.NTERHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis—e. Nervosa, II
Typhus (abdominal.1                           ]!
 'EXTERHYPERTROPH'IA./fy/w-rrojj/Vtn in- :
testiiio'rum,  from tvrtpov, 'intestine.' and  hyper-
trophic,  'excessive nutrition.'  Hypertrophy of
the coat? of the intestines.
  EXTERIC. Intestinal.
  EXTER'ICA, from tvrtpov, 'an intestine.'  Dis-
eases affecting the alimentary  canal.  Order I.,
Class  I. (Ctdiaca),  of Good.   Also, medicines
affecting the alimentary canal.
  ENTERICUS, Intestinal.
  ENTERIQUE, Intestinal.
  ENTERITE FOLLICULEUSE, see  Typhus
—e. TyphohSmique, Typhoid fever.
  EXTERI'TIS, from tvrtpov, 'an intestine,' and
itia, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of the
intestines.   Emprea'ma Enteri'tie,  Inteetino'rum
inflamma'tio,  Ileo-coli'tie,  Chordap'eus,  Cauma
Enteritie, Enterophlog"ia,  Enterophlogo'eie, Co'~
Hea acuta seu inflammato'ria, R'eue inflammato'-
riita, Enteralgia acu'ta seu Inflammato'ria, Fe-
bria inteetino'rum seu iliaca inflammato'ria, En-
terop'yra, (¥.) EntSrite, Inflammation dea Intestine.
 The  essential symptoms of this disease  are :—
violent abdominal pain, increased on pressure;
with vomiting and inflammatory fever.  Enteritis
may affect  both  the  peritoneal and the mucous
coat of the intestines; and, in violent cases, all
the coats may be implicated.   The structure of
the mucous and peritoneal coats is different; so
are their functions in health  and disease.  The
inflammation  of the  serous  coat, Sero-enteritis,
resembles  that  of the cellular membrane; the
inflammation of the mucous coat, that of the  skin.
The former is usually, therefore, of a more active
character.   Inflammation  of  the mucous  coat,
 E<n- enteritie, Endo-enteritis,  Muco-enteri'tie,
M'icojie  Enteritie,  Ph>egmymeni'tie enter'ica,  is
jrenerally attended with diarrhoea, and its patho-
logy is identical with that of dysentery.   Inflam-
 mation of  tbe peritoneal  coat is, on the  other
hand, generally attended with  constipation.
   Enteritis of the peritoneal coat, for such usually
h  the meaning of the  word in the abstract, re-
 quires the most active treatment.  Copious bleed-
ing, followed up by a large dose of opium — and,
if  the symptoms be not decidedly ameliorated,
 repeating the bleeding and opium—warm fomen-
 tations,  and blisters, are  the chief agents  to be
 relied upon. Purgatives ought  not to be exhibited
 until tbe inflammation and spasm are abated by
 the use of the  bleeding and opium,  When the
 physician  is called early,  this plan will usually
 succeed.  Sometimes, Enteritis passes into a  chro-
 nic state,  requiring  much careful management.
 Broussais considered inflammation of the mucous
 coat of the stomach and intestines as the proxi-
 mate cause of the phenomena  of fever.
    Enteritis  Arthritica, Coeliagra — e. Colica,
 Colitis—e. Epiploitis, Epiploitis — e. Follicular,
 Typhoid fever — e. Folliculosa, see Typhus — e.
 Mesenterica,  Mesenteritis—e. Mucous, see  Ente-
 ritis—e. Pustulosa, Dothinenteritis.
    EN'TERO, from tvrtpov, 'an intestine,'in com-
 pound words signifies intestine, as in the follow-
 ing: :—
    ENTEROBRO'SIS, Enterorrhex'ie, Perfora'tio
 Inteatino'rnm, (¥.) Perforation dee Inteetina, from
 tvrtpov,  ' an intestine,' and  (ipioets, ' the act  of
 gnawing.'  Perforation of the intestines.
    ENTEROCACE,  Dyeente'ria pu'trida seu ty-
 pho'dee seu ecorbu'tica seu malig'na, from tvrtpov,
 'an  intestine,'  and  xaxos,  'evil.'  Adynamic dy-
 sentery, accompanied by phenomena indicating a
 pseudo-membranous and gangrenous state.of the
 '»ning membrane of the large  intestine.
    ENTEROCE'LE,  Hernia   inteetina'lie,  from
tvrtpov, 'an  intestine,'and xnXn, 'a hernia,' 'tu-
mour.'  Abdominal hernia, which  contains only
a portion of intestine, is so called.
  EXTERO-CEPHALOPYRA   INFANTUM,
Hydrocephalus Internus.
  ENTEROC03'LICUS, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,'
and xoiXia, 'the cavity of the abdomen.'  Relating
to the cavity of the abdomen.
  EN'TERO-COLI'TIS, (F.)  EntSro-colite, from
tvrtpov,  ' intestine/ and  colitie,  'inflammation of
tbe colon.'  Inflammation of the small  intestine
and  colon.
  ENTEROCYSTOCE'LE, from tvrtpov, 'an in-
testine,' kvotis, 'a bladder,' and *»?Ai7, 'a tumour.'
Hernia  formed by the bladder and a portion of
intestine.
  ENTERODAR'SIS, from  tvrtpov,  'intestine,'
and  iapots,  ' skinning.'   Excoriation of the mu-
cous membrane of the intestines.
  ENTERODOTHIENIA, Dothinenteritis.
  ENTERODYNIA, Enteralgia.
  ENTERO-EPIPLOCE'LE,  Enterepiploce'll,
Her'nia  inteatina'lie omenta'lie, from tvrtpov, 'in-
testin-e,' ftwrXoov,  'the omentum,'  and KnXn, 'tu-
mour.'   Hernia, formed by intestine and omen-
tum.
  ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUS, from tvrtpov,
'intestine,' tirinXoov,  'the omentum,' and optpaXos,
'the  umbilicus.'   Umbilical  hernia, containing
intestine  and  omentum.   Almost all  umbilical
herniae are of this kind.
  ENTEROG'RAPHY, Enterogra'phia, from tv-
rtpov, ' intestine,'and ypatpn, 'description.'  The
part of anatomy which describes the intestines.
  ENTERO-H^MORRHAGIA, Haematochezia.
  ENTEROHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis.
  ENTERO-HYDROCE'LE,  from tvrtpov,  'in-
testine,' 'vitap, ' water,' and (07X17,  ' tumour.'  In-
testinal hernia complicated with hydrocele.
  ENTERO-HYDROM'PHALUS, from tvrtpov,
'intestine,' 'viiop,  'water,' and ofitpaXos, 'the na-
vel.'  Umbilical hernia, in which the sac contains,
along with  a portion of intestine, a quantity of
serum.
  ENTERO-ISCHIOCE'LE,  from tvrtpov,  'In-
testine,' textov, 'ischium,' and KnXn,  'tumour.'
 Ischiat'ic hernia, formed of intestine.
   ENTEROLITHI'ASIS, from  tvrtpov, 'intes-
 tine,' and XtStaois, 'the formation  of stone.'   The
 formation of concretions in the intestines.
   ENTEROLITHUS, Calculi of the stomach and
 intestines — e. Bezoardus, Bezoar — e. Scybalum,
 Scybala.
   ENTEROL'OGY, Enterolog'Ha, from tvrtpov,
 'intestine,' and Xoyos,  'a discourse.'  The  part
 of anatomy which treats of the intestines.
   ENTEROMALA'CIA,  Enteromalax'is,  (F.)
 Ramollissement de I'Inteetin, from tvrtpov, 'an in-
 testine,' and paXaeoio, 'I soften.' Softening of the
 mucous or other coats of the intestine.
   ENTEROMALAXIS, Enteromalacia.
   ENTEROMANTIS, Engastrimyth.
   ENTERO-MEROCE'LE,  from tvrtpov,  'intes-
 tine,' pnp°s< 'the thigh,' and KnXn, 'tumour.'  Cru-
 ral hernia,  formed of intestine.
   ENTERO-MESENTER'IC, Entero-meaenter'-
 t'cu«, (F.) EntSro-mSeentSrique.  Relating to the
 intestine and mesentery.
   ENTERO-MESENTER'ICA FEBRIS.  MM.
 Petit and  Serres have given this name to the  (
 typhoid form of adynamic fever, in which  tbe in-
 testines are  ulcerated, with  enlargement of the
 corresponding mesenteric glands.  See Typhus.
   ENTERO-MESENTE'RITE,  Tabeg mesen-
 terica—e. MSeentSrite typhoide, see Typhus.
   ENTEROMOR'PHIA  COMPRES'SA.   One
 of the  algae, used by the  Sandwich Islanders as
 an esculent. 
ENTEROMPHALOCELE       341             ENTOPHYTIC
  ENTEROMPHALOCELE, Enteromphalus.
  ENTEROM'PHALUS,#n<eromj9fc«<-oce'(e,from
tiTtpov, 'intestine,' and opipaXos, 'umbilicus.' Um-
bilical hernia, formed of intestine.
  ENTEROMYCODORI'TIS,  from tvrtpov,  'in-
testine,' pveos, 'slime,'  iopa, 'skin,' and itie, de-
noting inflammation.  Inflammation of the mucous
membrane of the intestines.
  ENTERON, Intestine.
  ENTEROPARAL'YSIS,  Enterople'gia,  Pa-
ralysis intestino'rum,  from tvrtpov,  'intestine,'
itepaXvais, 'paralysis.'  Paralysis of the intestines.
  ENTEROPARISAGOGE, Intussusceptio.
  ENTEROPATHI'A, Enteropathy, from tvrtpovj
'intestine,' and  ttados,  'disease.'   Disease  of the
intestines in  general.
   Enteropathi'a  Cancero'sa,  Enteroacir'rhue,
 Enterosteno'sis scirrho'sa seu organ'ica., Entero-
 snreo'mia, Indura'tio seu Scirrhus seu Cancer seu
 Carcino'ma Inteetino'rum, (¥.) Cancer  dee Intee-
 tiit8.   Cancer of the intestines.
   ENTEROPERIS'TOLE, Enteroephig'ma, Her-
 nia incarcera'ta, Incarcera'tio  inteetino'rum, from
 tvrtpov, 'intestine,' and trtpiertXXoi, 'I contract.'
 Constriction  or obstruction of the intestines, from
 a cause which acts either within the  abdomen,
 or without it, as in strangulated hernia.
   ENTEROPHLOGIA, Enteritis.
   BNTEROPHLOGOSIS, Enteritis.
   ENTEROPHTHI'SIS.from tvrtpov, 'intestine,'
 and tpQiets, 'consumption.'  Consumption of the
 bowels.  Consumption owing  to  suppuration  in
 the intestines.
   ENTEROPHYMATA,   Tubercula  intestino-
 ram.
   EN'TEROPLASTY, En'teroplae'tice, from tv
 rtpov, 'intestine,' and *Xaeou>, 'I form.'   A plastic
 operation for the restoration of an intestine.
   ENTEROPLEGIA, Enteroparalysis.
   ENTEROPYRA,  Enteritis.  Also, entero-me-
 senteric fever, EntSropyrie.—Alibert.
    Enteropyra  Asiatica, Cholera — e. Biliosa,
 Fever, bilious.
    ENTERORRHAG"IA,  from   tvrtpov,  'intes-
 tine,'and payi7,  'violent rupture.'  Hemorrhage,
 or excessive discharge, from the bowels.
    EnterOrrhagia Simplex, Haematoehezia.
    ENTERORRHA'PHIA, Enteror''rhaphe,  from
 tvrtpov, 'intestine,' and paipn, 'a suture.'  Suture
  of the  intestines, for the relief of injuries done to
  them.
    ENTERORRHEU'MA, Rheumatie'mue Inteeti-
 no'rum, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' and ptvpa, 'de-
 fluxion, rheumatism.'  Rheumatism of the intes-
 tines.
    ENTERORRHEXIS, Enterobrosis.
    ENTERORRHC3A, Diarrhoea, Melaena.
    ENTEROSARCOCE'LE, from tvrtpov, 'intes-
 tine,' eap!-, 'flesh,' and enXv, 'a  tumour.'   Intes-
 tinal hernia, complicated with fleshy excrescence,
  or rather sarcocele.
    ENTEROSARCOMIA,  Enteropathia  cance-
 rosa.
    ENTEROSCHEOCE'LE, Etiter oechoce'le, from
  tvrtpov, 'an  intestine,'oo^£ov,  'the scrotum,'and
  KnXn, 'tumour.'  Scrotal  hernia consisting of in-
  testine.
    ENTEROSCIRRHUS,' Enteropathia  cance-
  rosa.
    ENTERO'SES, from tvrtpov, 'an intestine.'  A
  class of diseases, comprehending all those that
  arc seated in the intestines.—Alibert.
    EXTEROSPniGMA, Enteroperistole.
    ENTEROSTENO'SIS, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,'
 and ortvuiais, 'stricture.'  Stricture or constriction
  of the intestines.  See Ileus.                 .
    Enterostenosis Volvulus,  Heus — e. Orga-
 nica, Enteropathia cancerosa — e. Scirrhosa, En-
 teropathia cancerosa.
  ENTEROTOME, Enteralomue,  from a rtpov,
'intestine,' and rtpvm, 'I cut.'  A name given hy
J. Cloquet to an instrument for promptly opening
the intestinal canal through its whole extent.  It
consists of a pair of scissors, one blade of which
is much longer than the other,  and rounded at its
extremity.  This is passed into the  intestine.
  ENTEROTOM'IA, Euterolomy, same etymon.
In  anatomy, it signifies dissection  of the  intes-
tines.  In surgery, it means an operation, little
used, which consists in  opening the intestines, in
order to evacuate the faecal matters accumulated
in it; for  example, in certain cases of hernia, ac-
companied  with contraction  of  the  intestinal
canal; in operations for an artificial anus, per-
formed on the new-born, where  the rectum ia
imperforate or not existing,  Ac.
  ENTEROTOMY, Enterotomia.
  ENTEROTYPHUS,  see Typhus.
  ENTEROZOA, Worms.
  ENTERYDROCE'LE, Enterohydroce'le, from
tvrtpov, 'intestine,' 'vloip, 'water,' and KnXn, 'rup-
ture.'  Intestinal hernia with  hydrocele.
   ENTHELMINTHES, Worms.
   ENTHEOMANIA, Demonomania.
   ENTHLA'SIS, Esphla'sie, Illia'io, from tv, 'in,*
and $>ao>, ' I break.'  A fracture of the cranium,
with comminution, in which the bone is depressed,
or  has lost its level.
   Enthlasis Cranii, Effractura Cranii.
   ENTITE,  Entity.
   ENTITY, En'titoe, (¥.) EntitS; from ens, entis,
 ' a being.'  The being or essence of  anything.
 It  has been used  somewhat vaguely, in modern
 French medicine more especially,  to signify ap-
parently  a general or essential disease, the  nature
 and  seat of  which cannot  be  determined.—
 Nysten.
   ENTOCELE, Ectopia.
   Entoce'le Lentis.  Dislocation of  the crys-
 talline into the anterior chamber of the eye.
   ENTOGONYAN'CON, Genu varum, Calf knee,
 X leg, from tvros,  'within,' yow, 'the knee,' and
 nyxoiv,' a bend.'  Bending of  the knees inwards.
 The state  of being  knock-kneed, or  in-kneed,
 (Prov.) Knap-kneed, (Sc) Nule-kneed.
   ENTOHYALOID MUSCE, see  Metamor-
 phopsia.
   ENTONIA, Tension, Tonic spasm.
   ENTONIC, Enton'icus, from tv, denoting  ex-
 cess, and rovos, ' tone.'   Having great tension or
 exaggerated action.
    ENTONNOIR, Calix,  Infundibulum —e. du
  Ventricule Moyen du  Cerveau, Infundibulum of
 the brain.
    ENTOPARASITES, Worms.
    ENTOPHTHAL'MIA, from tvros, 'within,' and
  otpBaXpia, 'inflammation of the eye.' Ophthalmia
  affecting the interior of the eye.
    EN'TOPHYTE. Entoph'yton, (pi. Entoph'yta,)
  from tvros, 'within,' and ipvrov, ' a  vegetable.'  A
  vegetable pdrasite, and especially one growing in
  the interior of the body.  The  following are the
  chief entophytes:—
    Alga........................ of  the mouth.
    Achorion Schonlcinii.... in  Porrigo favosa.
    Achorion Lebertii........ in  Porrigo scutulata.
    Microsporon Audouini. in  Porrigo decalvans.
    Mycoderm..........,....... of  Plica Polonica.
        "     ..........,....... of  Mentagra.
        "     .................. of  Muguet.
        "    .................. ofulcerated and mucous
                             surfaces.
    Sarcina ventriculi....... of  the stomach.
    Torula .....................   "      "

    ENTOPHYT'IC, Entophyt'icue, same etymon.
  Of or belonging to an entophyte, — as 'an cnto-
  phytio growth.' 
ENTOPTERYGOID          342             tiPERVlERE
  ENTOPTERYGOID, see Pterygoid.
  ENTOP'TIC, Entop'ticiia, from tvroj, 'within,'
and oipts, 'vision.'  Relating or appertaing to the
vision of objects within the organ of sight, — as
of the bloodvessels of the retina.
  ENTORSE,  Sprain.
  ENTOSTHETHIDIA, Entrails.
  ENTOSTHIA, Entrails.
  ENTOSTOSIS, Enostosis.
  ENT0TORRHO3A, Otirrhoea.
  ENTOTOZ^INA, Ozaena.
  ENTOXICISMUS, Poisoning.
  ENTOXISMUS, Poisoning.
  ENTOZOA, (sing. Entozoon,) Worms.
  ENTOZOAIRES,  Worms.
  ENTOZOARIA, Worms.
  ENTOZOOGENESIS, Helminthiasis.
  ENTOZOON FOLLICULORUM, Acarus Fol-
liculorum.
  ENTRAILLES, Entrails.
  EN'TRAILS, Splanchna, Encce'lia, Vie'cera,
Entosthid'ia, Entoe'thia, Entosthethid'ia, Intera'-
nea, from enteralia, a word of bad Latin, coming
from tvrtpov, ' intestine.'  It is  used  for the vis-
cera enclosed in the splanchnic cavities, and es-
pecially for those in the abdomen; Bowels, Guts,
(¥.) Entrailles,  Vieclree.  Exta has had  this
latter signification, but it  was most frequently
used by the ancients, as by Pliny, fortfie thoracic
viscera.
  ENTREFESSON, Chafing.
  ENTRICHO'MA,  from  tv, 'in,' and  rptx^pa,
(Spif, rptxos,) 'hair.'  The tarsal cartilage,  and
the  edge of the eyelids, in which the  cilia are
implanted.
  ENTROPION, Entrop'ium, from tv, ' in,' and
rptraa, 'I turn.'  Inver'aio palpebra'rum, Capillit"-
ium, Trichlaai8, Introauacep'tin  seu Blepharopto'-
sis entropinm, Blepharelo'sis,  Trlchia, Tricho'eie.
A name given to the inversion or turning inwards
of the eyelids, so that the  eye-lashes  are directed
towards  the globe of the  eye; irritate and in-
flame  it, and  give  rise to  the affection called
 Trichlaai8.
   The contact of the hair with  the surface of the
eye  occasions considerable  irritation  of the con-
junctiva, which is  soon followed by chemosis,
ulceration  of the eye, and other symptoms, such
as fever, watchfulness, Ac.
   If the disease be  entropion, as above defined,
that is, dependent upon the inversion of the eye-
lids, it must be remedied, — either by dispersing
the  oedema or swelling of the eyelids, or by cut-
ting out a  portion  of the skin.  When the disease
is dependent on a vicious  direction  of the cilia,
they must be plucked out and  the bulbs be cau-
terized.
   ENTROPIUM,  Entropion.
   ENTYPOSIS, see Glene.
   ENUCLEATION, Enuclea'tio, from enucleare,
 enucleattim, (e, and nucleue,) 'to  take out a ker-
 nel.' This term has been proposed for the opera-
 tion of removing  tumours,  Ac, without cutting
 into them.—Percy.
   The word is used in Pharmacy for the opera-
 tion of shelling or removing the kernels of any
 nut.
   ENULA CAMPANA, Inula Helenium.
   ENU'LON, from tv, ' in,' and ovXov, ' the gum.'
 The inner part of  the gums.   The external  part
 was called ovXov, and that between the teeth appos.
 -•-Pollux.
   ENURE'SIS, from tvovptta, (tv, and ovptie,)  'I
 void the urine  in  bed.'  Paru'ria  incon'tinena,
 Incontineii'tia  uri'na, Excre'tio Urina invo/un-
 ta'ria seu  inopporttt'na, Mic'tio  involunta'iia,
 Uracra'tia, Urorrhce'a, Perirrhoe'a,  Stranguria,
 (Galen,)  Aniachu'ria,  Hyperure'sis,  Diam'nee,
 Involuntary  diecharge of urine, Incontinence of
urine. This affection is most common in advanced
life.  It may depend on too great irritability of
the bladder,  or on  distension, or  injury of the
fibres about  its neck, paralysis  of the organ,
Cyeto-paraly'eie, Cysto-ple'gia, the presence  of
an irregularly shaped calculus impacted in the
urethra near  its commencement;  rupture of the
bladder and urethra; renal disease ; or on  pres-
sure exerted on the bladder  by the distended
womb or by a tumour.   It often occurs after dif-
ficult labour, but generally yields, in  the course
of a week or ten days; the catheter being intro-
duced twice a day in the mean time.
   The treatment must of course vary according
to the cause; and when the affection on  which it
is dependent  cannot be removed, the discharge
of urine  may be prevented by exerting  a degree
of compression on  the urethra, by means of ap-
propriate instruments; or  a urinal may be em-
ployed to receive the urine as it passes off.
   ENVIE,  Hangnail, Malacia, Naevus — e.  de
 Vomir, Nausea.
   ENYPNION, Somnium.
   ENYSTRON, Abomasus.
   ENZOOTIA, Enzooty.
   ENZOOTY. Enzodt'ia,  (¥.) Enzootic from tv,
' in,' and £&iov, ' animal.'   An endemic disease at-
tacking animals.
   EP, EPH,  EPI, tr, op, tin, 'upon, above;'  in
composition,  generally means,   'augmentation,
addition, increase,  reciprocal action,  repetition.'
Hence :
   EPACMAS'TICOS,  from tm, and  aKpafa,  'I
increase.'  An epithet applied to fevers, Febres
epacmas'tica, whose symptoms go on augmenting
in violence, from the commencement  to the ter-
mination.  Such fevers are, also,  called Epana-
didon'tes.
   EPAGOGIUM, Phimosis, Prepuce.
   EPANADIPLOSIS, Anadiplosis.
   EPANALEPSIS, Anadiplosis.
   EPANASTASIS,  from svavtornpi, 'to  cause
 to rise up.'  Pustule.  The formation of a tumour.
 The breaking out of an eruption—Erup'tio  exan-
 the'matis.  A pustule.
   EPANASTEMA, Exanthem, swelling.
   EPANCHEMENT, Effusion
   EPANESIS, Remission.
   EPANETUS, Remittent — e. nectica, Hectic
 fever — e. Malignus flavus, Fever,  yellow — e.
 Mitis, Remittent fever.
   EPANORTHOSIS, Restauratio.
   EPANTHEMA, Exanthem.
   EPANTHISMA, Exanthem.
   EPAPHiE'RESIS, from tnaipaipiot, (ttr(, ante,
 and  atptia,  'I take,' 'I  take away.'  Repeti'lu
 aubla'tio seu evaeua'tio.   A repeated  abstraction
 or evacuation. It was formerly used synony-
 mously with repeated bloodletting; Phlebotom'ia
 itera'ta.—Galen.
   EPAPHRISMOS, Despumation.
   EPARMA, Tumour.
   EPARSIS, Tumour.
   EPA ULE, Humerus.
   EPENCRANIS, Cerebellum.
   EPENDYMA, Membrane.
   Epen'dyma Ventriculo'rum,  En'dyma  seu
 Indumen'tum ventriculo'rum, from  tm, and  kvivnt,
 (tv, and ivia,) ' I enter ;' hence, tirtvivua, ' an upper
 garment or cloak.'  The lining membrane  of the
 ventricles of the brain, formed by a prolongation
 of the pia mater, and probably also of the arach-
 noid.
   EPER ON,  Hippocampus minor — i, dee  Ar-
 tlree, Spur.
   EPERVIER, Accipiter.
   EPERVIERE  DES  MURAILIES,  Hiera-
 cium murorum. 
EPHEB^EON              343              EPICRANIUM
  EPHEBiE'ON, Epheba'um, from tm, and 'nPn,
'pubes.'  The parts of generation:  also, the re-
gion of the pubes, as well  as  the  hair upon  the
pubes.  It  meant, likewise, a part  of the ancient
gymnasium in  which  the  rhetoricians, philoso-
phers, Ac,  disputed.
  EPKEBEUM, Mons veneris.
  EPHE'BIA,  Ephebla, Pubertae.   Same ety-
inuii.   The age of puberty.
  EPHEBOSYNE, Puberty.
  EPHEROTES, Puberty.
  EPIIE'BUS,  Pubena,  Puber, (¥.) Publre,
Ephebe.  One who has  attained the age of pu-
berty.
  EPHEDRANA, Nates.
  EPHEL'CI.^, from tn, and 'iXkos, 'an ulcer.'
The crust or scab of an ulcer.
  EPHELIDE SOORBUT1QUE,  Chloasma.
  EPHE'LIDES,  from tin, and 'nXtos, 'the sun.'
Ep-chrn'sie, Mac'ula eola'ris, Mac'ula fusca seu
leiiticiila'rea, Vitiliifinea, Phaci, Pannita lenticu-
lu'ris, Lentic'ula,  Lentigo, Ephelis  Lentigo  seu
Lentic'ula  seu  d eolS,  Nigre'do a eole Spilo'sis
ephelis,  Aista'tes,   Effila,   Frecklee,  Sunburn,
(Prov.)  Fernitiqklee,   Fanticklea,  Furnticklee,
Fernfreckles, Fanfecklea, Fornpecklea. Freckens,
Murflea, (F.)  Taches  de rousseiir, Hale.   This
term includes not only the yellow lentiginea, which
appear on  persons of a fair skin,  and the  larger
brown patches, which  also arise  from  exposure
to the direct rays of the sun, but also those large
dusky patches which are very similar in appear-
ance,  but  occur on  other  parts of  the surface,
that  are   constantly  covered.  See  Chloasma.
 They do not extend farther than the skin.  Many
 cosmetics have been  recommended  for their  re-
 moval.  Simple spirituous  lotions  or weak mine-
 ral acids, applied  a few times in the day, are as
 effectual as any other means.
   One, affected with freckles, is said to he freckled,
 (Sc.) Fairntickled, Fernitickled,  (Prov.) Farn'-
 tickled, Fan'tickled,  Fernfreckled, Fornpeckled,
 Freckened, Murfled, (¥.) TachetS de Roii88eur8.
   EPHELIS, see  Ejdielides — e.  Lentigo, Ephe-
 lides—e. d Sole, Ephelides.
   EPHELOTES,  Leucoma.
   EPHEM'ERA,  Dia'ria, from tm, and  'nutpa,
 'a day.'   That which  continues  a day.  This
 epithet is  given to diseases,  and  particularly to
 fevers, which last only a day.—Febrie dia'ria  seu
 simplex seu Ephe'mera, Ephemerop'yra, Febrie'u-
 la, Ephem'eral, Diary or  Simple  Fever, (¥.)
 Filvre SphSmlre.  The term prolonged ephem'era
is sometimes used for fevers, which cease after
 two or three days' duration.
   Ephemera  Anglica  Pestilens,  Sudor angli-
 cus—e. Britannica, Sudor  Anglicus—e. Maligna,
 Sudor Anglicus—e. Mortifera, Plague—e. Pesti-
lentialis, Plajue—e. Sudatoria, Sudor Anglicus.
   EPHEMEROPYRA, Ephemera.
   EPHEMERUS,  Quotidian.
   EPHIALTES HYPOCHONDRIACA,Incubus
vigilantium—e. Nocturnus, Incubus—e. Vigilan-
tium. Incubus vigilantium.
   EPHIDRO'SES, (G.) Ephidrosen.  A divi-
sion  of  the family Ekzematosen,  of  Fuchs,
comprising morbid varieties of sweating.
   EPHIDRO'SIS, from tin, and 'tipoia, T sweat.'
Hidro'sis,  Idro'sis, Suda'tio,  Sweating.  Of  old,
it meant, at times, a slight sweating, sndatiun'cu-
la, of no value, and of bad augury ; at others, a
good and  critical  sweat.  It has likewise been
used for a  copious sweat.
   Ephidrosis Profu'sa, E. sponta'nea seu t'rfto-
path'ica, Hydropede'sis, E.rstida'tio, Exuda'tio,
Hi/perephidro'aia,  Hyperhydro'aia, Hydrorrhoz'a,
Hidropede'eia,  (¥.) Flux de Sueur. An excessive
Bweating.  A colliquative  sweat.   Such copious
perspirations are generally owing to debility of
the exhalants, and  require  the  use of tonics,
especially of the mineral acids, opium, Ac.
  Ephidrosis, Desudatio — e.  Cruenta,  Sudor
cruentus—e. Saccharata, Sudor dulcis.
  EPHIPPIUM, Sella Turcica.
  EPH'ODOS, from t-rt, and  oios,  'a  way,' 'a
road  or avenue to a place.'  Hippocrates uses
this word in  three senses:  1. For the vessels or
canals, which give passage  to the excrements of
the body. 2. For a periodical attack  or accession
of fever;  and 3. For the approach of similar or
dissimilar things which may be useful or hurtful
to the body.—Castelli.
  EPH'RATA SPRINGS.   These are in  Lan-
caster County, Pennsylvania.  The water is pure;
and facilities are afforded for bathing—warm and
cold.
  EPI, Spica.
  EPI'ALOS, Hspi'aloa, Quer'cera,  Qiter'quera.
A name given by the ancients to fever, when the
hot stage was mingled with irregular chills.  Also,
the cold stage of fever.
  EPIALTES, Incubus.
  EPIAMA, Lenitive.
  EPIAN, Framboesia.
  EPIBLEMA, Catablema.
  EPIBOLE, Incubus.
  EPICANTHIS,  Canthus.
  Epican'this, from em, and eavOos, 'the angle
of the eye.'   A defective formation,  in  which a
fold of skin  passes  from the root of the nose over
the inner canthus of the eye.
  EPICAR'PIUM, Pericar'pium, from  t-rrt, and
xapiros, 'the wrist.'  An application made to the
wrists, or to the region of the pulse, was so called.
  EPICAUMA, Encauma.
  EPICAUSIS, Encauma.
  EPICERASTICA, Emollients.
  EPICHOLOS. Bilious.
  EPICHORDIS,  Mesentery.
  EPICHORION, Decidua.
  EPICIIORIUM, Epidermis.
  EPICHRISIS, Inunctio.
  EPICHRO'SIS, Spilo'sis, from tut, and xpu/ut,
'colour.'  Simple  discoloration of the surface.—
Good.  Ephelides.
  Epichrosis Spili, see Naevus.
  EPICHYSIS, Affusion.
  EPICOHilDES, Cilia, Palpebra (superior.)
  EPIC03'MASIS, from ttriKoipnoinu,  (tm,  and
xotuaopai, ' to lie down  to rest,' 'to sleep.')   De-
cubitus ad  dormien'dum et Dormil'io.  The po-
sition of sleeping, as well as sleeping itself.
  EPlCOL'IC, from tit, and kioXov, ' the colon.'
The  epicolic  regions, regio'nes  epical ica, .ire
those parts  of the abdomen which correspond to
the colon.
  EPICOLLESIS, Agglutination.
  EPICON'DYLE, Epicon'dylus, from  tin, and
kov&vXos, 'a  condyle.'  A name given, by Chaus-
sier, to  an eminence at the outer part of the infe-
rior  extremity of the os humeri; so called, be-
cause it is seated above  the  condyle.  The epi-
condyle gives  attachment  to the outer lateral
ligament of the elbow joint,  and to a very strong
tendon  to which several of  the muscles of the
posterior part of the forearm are attached.
  EPICONDYLO-CUBITALIS, see Anconeus —
e. Radial, Supinator radii  brevis — e. Sua-mSta-
carpien, see Radialis — e. Sus-phalaiigettien com
mun,  Extensor digitorum communis—e. Sua-pha .
langettien du petit doigt, Extensor proprius minimi
digiti.
  EPICOPHO'SIS, from*™, and ™^<nf, ' deaf-
ness.'   Deafness supervening on another disease.
  EPICRA'XIUM, from tm, and  xpavtov, 'the
cranium.' A name given to different  parts seated
on the cranium.  The skin,  aponeurosis between 
EPICRANIUS             344             EPIGASTRIC
ihe occipital  and frontal muscles, and the whole
of the scalp, have  been so called.  Portal in-
cludes under  this  name  the  occipito-frontalis
muscle, pyramidalis nasi, and superior and ante-
rior auricular muscles.   The pericranium.
  EPICRANIUS, Occipito-frontalis.
  EPICRA'SIS, Contempera'tio,  from tmatpavvv-
ui, (em, and xtpavvvpt,  ' I mix,')  ' I temper.'  A
term used by the humourists for  an amelioration
of the humours.  They called Cure by Epicraaia
—per epicraein, a mode of treatment by imagined
alteratives, which they supposed to be possessed
of the power of gradually correcting the vitiated
humours.
  EPICROUSIS, Percussion.
  EPICTENIUM, Pubes.
  EPICTETI MORBI, Acquired diseases.
  EPICYEMA, Superfoetation.
  EPICYESIS, Superfoetation.
  EPICYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy.
  EPIDEISIS, Deligation.
  EPIDEM'IC,  Epide'miue, Epidem'icue,  (¥.)
EpidSmique.   Same etymon as  Epidemy.  Ap-
pertaining to an epidemy.   An epidemy.
  Epidemic Constitution, Epidemy—e. Disease,
Epidemy—e. Influence, Epidemy.
  EPIDEMICITE, see Epidemy.
  EPIDEMICUS, Epidemy.
  E PID E M 10 G' RAPHY, Epidemiograph'ia,
from  tm, 'upon,' itipos, 'the people,'  and ypaipn,
' a description.'   A history or  description  of
epidemics.
  EPIDEMIOL'OGY,  Epidemiolog"ia,  from
epidemy, and  Xoyos, 'a description.'  The  doc-
trine  of epidemics.
  EPIDEMIQUE, Epidemy.
  EPIDEMIUS,  Epidemy.
  EP'IDEMY,  Epidem'ic,  Epide'mia, Morbua
pub'licue seu popula'rie seu epidem'icue seu epi-
de'miue, Epidem'ic  disease, E. influence, E. con-
stitution ; from tm, and inpos, 'the people.'  (F.)
Epidemic  A disease which attacks at the  same
time  a number of individuals, and which is re-
ferred to  some  particular conetitutio  aerie,  or
condition  of the atmosphere, with which we are  j
utterly ignorant.  It differs from endemic, the
latter being owing to locality ; but it is obvious,
that should a particular epidemic consitution  of
the  air — epidemic"ity, (¥.) SpidSmicitS—exist
along with a favouring endemic  condition,  these
combined influences may act in the causation of
several of those serious  and fatal  complaints,
which at times visit a district,  and are never
afterwards met with, or at least not until  after
the lapse of a considerable period.
   EPIDENDRUM VANILLA,  see Vanilla.
   EPID'ERIS, Epider'rhie, Epider'rhion, Hy-
pod'erie,  Hypoder'mie, Hypoder'rhia,  from tm,
and  itvas, 'a skin.'  This word,with some, means
the  nymphae; with  others, the  clitoris;  with
others, again, the prepuce of the clitoris.
   EPIDERMA, Epidermis.
   EPIDERMATIS, Epidermis.
   EPIDER'MIC, Epiderm'icue, Epiderm'al, Epi-
derma'lie, (¥.) Epidermique: same etymon  as
epidermis.   Belonging to the epidermis,—as
   EPIDERMIC CELLS, see Cell, epidermic
   EPIDERMIDON'OSI, Epidermidonu'si,  from
tmitppts, ' epidermis,' and vooos,  ' disease.'  Dis-
eases of tbe epidermis.
   EPIDERMION, Epidermis.
   EPIDER'MIS,   Epider'mion,  Epider'matie,
Epider'ma, Epicho'rium, Sum'mitae cutie, Cutie'-
ula,  C. ex'tima  seu extre'ma,  Cutie extima seu
tumma seu ultima, Pellie eumma, Pellic'ula  eum-
ma seu anpe'rior, Lam'ina prima  cutie, Oper'cu-
iwin  cutis, from t7r«, ' upon,' and  itppa, ' the true
I skin.' Scarf-skin, Cuticle. (F.).Surpeatt, Cutirnle.
 A  transparent,  dry,  thin  membrane, devoid of
 nerves and vessels, which  covers  all the surface
| of the body, except the  parts that correspond to
j the nails.   It appears to consist of minute scales,
I placed one above the other.  Chaussier considers
I it  to be formed  and  reproduced by an excretory
I action of the true skin ; to act like a dry varnish,
 which prevents  the immediate  contact of bodies
 with the nervous papillae,  and  consequently to
 deaden tactile impressions, which, without it* in-
 tervention, might  be  painful.   The Epider'mi,■,
 Epider'meous, or Epidermoid (as Bichat called
 it) System, in general anatomy, comprises three
 parts.   1. External Epidermis.   2.  Epidermis
 spread  over the mucous  membranes.   3. The
 Nails and Hair.
    Epidermis Lingua, see Tongue.
    EPIDERMOID, Epidermo'i'des, from epider-
 mis, and ttios, ' resemblance.'    Resembling the
 epidermis.
    EPIDERRHION, Epideris.
    EPIDERRHIS, Epideris.
    EPIDERRHITIS, Nymphitis.
    EPIDESIS, see Bandage—e. Haemostasia, Li-
 gature.
    EPIDESMIS, Epidesmus.
    EPIDESMUM, Epidesmus.
    ¥¥lI>ES'MVS,Epidea'mia,Epiiles'miim,Sitper-
 liga'men, from tm, and  itoi, ' I  bind.'  A fascia,
 bandage or ligature, by which  dressings  are se-
 cured.— Hippocrates.
    EPIDID'YMIS, from em, 'upon,'and iiivpos,
 'a testicle.'  Epidid'ymne, Did'ymie, Paras'tata,
 Teatie'utit8 acceaao'riua, Caput teatie, Corpua r.nri-
 co'anm seu  varicifor'me  teatia,  Snpergeminn'lia,
 (¥.) Corpua variqueux ou varidforme.  That which
 is  placed upon the testicle.  A small, oblong, ver-
 miform, grayish  body, lying  along the superior
 margin  of  the  testicle.   The  Epididymis is a
 canal formed by the union of all the seminiferous
 vessels  folded several times upon  themselves,
 after having traversed  the  Corpua Ilighmoria'-
 num.  Its lower  portion  or tail,  Cauda seu globne
 seu caput minor, is curved  upwards, and is  con-
 tinuous  with the vas deferens;  the opposite ex-
 tremity is.called the head, globus sen caput major.
 The length  of this canal,  folded as it is upon it-
 self and describing numerous curvatures, is, ac-
 cording to Munro, 32 feet.
    EPIDIDYMITIS,  Parastatitis — e.  Blcnnor-
 rhagic,  Hernia humoralis.
    EPID'OSIS, from tm, 'upon,'and  itiiepi, 'to
 give.'   Augmentation, increase.   A word applied
 to tbe natural increase of the body, or to the in-
 crease of a disease.
    EPID'ROME", Epidrom'ia,  Epiph'ora,  from
 tmoptpm, (tm, and ipepw, T run,')T run upon.'
 An afflux or congestion of humours.—Galen.
    EPIDROMIA, Eptdrome.
    EPIFAGUS AMERICANUS, Orobanche Vir-
 giniana—e. Virginianus, Orobanche Virginiana.
    EPIG^E'A  (properly  EPIGE'A)  REPENS,
 (em, 'upon,' and y»7, 'the earth,' from its trailing
 growth. )   Trailing  Ar'bntue,  Ground Laurel,
 Mayflower,  called, by the  Shakers, Gran I plant.
 A small, trailing plant,  of the Family Ericaceae,
 which  grows  in sandy  woods,  or in  rocky soil,
 especially in  the shade of  pines.  Its  flowers
 appear  in early spring,  and exhale a rich, spicy
 fragrance.  The leaves  and  stems are prepared
 and used  like uva ursi.
    EPIGASTRAL'GIA,  from epigastrium,  and
 aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain at the epigastrium.
    EPIGASTRIC,  Epigae'trictte, Epigas''trine,
 from tm, 'upon,' and yaornp, 'the stomach.'  This
 name has been given to  several parts.
    Epigastric Ar'tery,  Arte'ria  epigaa'trica,
 Artlre eue-pubienne, (Ch.)   It arises from ihe 
EPIGASTRICUS            345                  EPILEPSY
external iliac, on a  level with the crural arch ;
sometimes by a trunk proper to it, at others by
one common to it and the Obturator artery.  It
ascends upwards and inwards, behind the sper-
matic cord, follows the outer edge  of  the rectus
abdominis muscle, and anastomoses, towards the
umbilicus,  with  the  internal  mammary.  The
epigastric  artery anastomoses, also, with  the ob-
turator, spermatic, lumbar, and  intercostal ves-
sels.
   Epigastric Region, Regio epigae'trica seu car-
diaca seu etomach'ica  seu  etomacha'lie, is the
superior region of  the  abdomen, comprised be-
tween the false ribs on each side, and extending
from the  lower surface of the diaphragm to two
fingers' breadth above  the  umbilicus.    It  is
divided into three parts, one middle, the epigas-
trium,—and two lateral, the hypochon'dria.
   Epigastric Vein follows nearly the same course
as the artery.               .
   EPIGASTRICUS, Epigastric.
   EPIGASTRIUM.  Same etymon.  The belly;
the epigastric region.
   EPIGASTRICUS, Epigastric.
   EPIGASTROCE'LE, from tm, yaornp, 'the sto-
mach,' and KnXn, ' a tumour.'  Hernia, formed by
the stomach;  Gae'troce'le.  This name has been
given  more especially to hernia, which occurs to-
wards the upper part of the linea alba or in the
 epigastric region, whether formed  or not by the
 stomach.
   EPIGEA, Epigaea,                    .
   EPIGENEMA, Epigenesis.
   EPIGEN'ESIS,  from  tm, and  ytvtots, 'genera-
 tion.'  A theory of conception, according to which
 the new being is created entirely anew; and  re-
 ceives at  once  from each parent  the  materials
 necessary for  its formation.  Also, a new forma-
 tion.
   Epigbnesis, as well as Epigene'ma, or Epigen-
 ne'ma, is,  also, applied to any symptom occurring
 during a  disease,  without changing its  nature.
 An accessory symptom.  Epiginom'enoe, Super-
 ve'niena, has a similar acceptation.
   EPIGIXOMENOS, see Epigenesis.
   EPIGLOTTIC,  Epiglot'ticue:  same etymon
 as Epiglottis.   Relating to the epiglottis.
   Epiglottic Gland, Periglot'tia,  Caro glandu-
 lo'aa.  A collection  of small, glandular granula,
situate in  the  adipose, areolar texture at the
base of the anterior surface of the epiglottis, in a
triangular space, bounded  anteriorly by the thy-
rohyoid  membrane  and thyroid cartilage.  It
pours  out an  unctuous and mucous fluid, which
lubricates the epiglottis,  keeps it supple and
movable,  and  prevents  the larynx from being
irritated by the constant passage  of the air, in
the act of respiration.
   EPIGLOTTIS, from em, and yXiams, 'the glot-
tis.'  Epiglottic cartilage, Lig'itla,  Operculum
laryn'gie, Lingua Ex'igua, Lin'gula fie'tula, Sttb-
lin'guum, Superlig'ula.  A tibro-cartilage, situate
at the upper part of the larynx,  behind the base
of the tongue.   Its form is oval; texture elastic;
thickness greater  below than above, and  greater
in the middle than at the  sides.   By its smaller
extremity, which is the lower, it is attached to
the thyroid cartilage; its two surfaces are covered
by the  mucous membrane of the  pharynx and
larynx.  The special use of the epiglottis would
seem to be to cover the glottis accurately at tbe
moment of deglutition, and, thus, to assist in op-
posing the passage of alimentary substances into
the air tubes.                         ,
   EPIGLOTTITIS, Inflamma'tio  Epiglot'tidie,
Angi'na epiglottide'a, (¥.) Inflammation de I'Epi-
glotte.   Inflammation of the epiglottis.
  EPIGLOTTUM.  An instrument, mentioned
 by Paracelsus, for raising the eyelids.  It resem-
 bled the epiglottis in shape.
   EPIGLOUTIS, from S7r.,and yXovros, ' the but-
 tocks.'   The superior  region  of  the  nates.—
 Gorraeus.
   EPIGNATHUS, from ««, 'upon,' and y,u0o<,
 'the jaw.'  A double monster, in which an incom-
 plete foetus is rooted, with its blood vessels in the
 palate of one more complete.
   EPIG'ONE,  Gone,  Hypoph'yaie,  Progen'iea,
 Prolee,  Sob'olee, Sub'oles,  from  tm, and  yovr„
 'sperm.'  Offspring.  Progeny.  Also, Superfoe-
 tation.
   EPIGONION, Foetus.
   EPIGONIS, Patella.
   EPIGONON, Superfoetation.
   EPIGOUNIS, Patella.
   EPIGUNIS, Patella.
   EPILATOIRE, Depilatory.
   EPILATORIUM, Depilatory.
   EPILEMPSIS, Epilepsy.
   EPILENTIA, Epilepsy.
   EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy —e. Acuta  nfcmtum,
 Eclampsia — e. Algetica, see Algos — e.  Febrilis
 infantum, Eclampsia—e. Nocturna, Incubus—e.
 Puerilis, Eclampsia infantum—e. Saltatoria, Cho-
 rea—e. Uterina, Lorind matricis.
   EPILEPSIE, Epilepsy—e.  UtSrine,  Hysteria
 —e. Vertige, see Epilepsia.
   EP'ILEPSY, 'itpn vovoos, otXnvata vovoos, Epi-
 lepsia, Epilep'8i8,  Epitemp'ais, Epilen'tia,  Sye-
 pa'eia Epilepsia, Cataleiltia, Deciden'tia, Paa'eio
 cadi'va, Heracle'ue  morbus, Hieran'osus, Depre-
 hen'eio,  Clonoe epilepsia, Prehen'aio, Perdil'io,
 Epilep'lica paa'eio, Morbua comil'ialia seu cadu'-
 cit8 seu  Hercule'ua  seu  aacer  seu aetra'lie  seu
 aidera'tit8 seu damonlacue  seu Sancti Johan'nie
 seu foedite seu pueri'lie seu magnus seu major seu
 interlu'niue  seu divlnus seu damo'nius seu aon'-
 ticus  sen eeleni'acua seu lunat'ictta seu menaa'lia
 seu deif'icue seu acelea'tu8 seu  vitriola'tue  seu
 viridel'lue seu Sancti  Valentlni,  Malum cadil-
 cum,  Analep'sia, Gatapto'aia,  Inaa'nia   end Iva,
 Apoplex'ia parva, Cadu'ca paa'eio, Lues divlna,
 Vit'ium cadu'cum seu divi'num seu Hcrcule'um,
 Falling eickneae, Falling-doion, (Old E.) Falland-
 evyl,  (¥.) Mal caduc ou  divin  ou  Saint-Jean ou
 de Terre, Hautmal, Goutte  caduque. The word
 is derived  from tmXapjiavoi,  ' future,'  tmXnyw,
 (tm, and Xapfiavia, ' I seize,') ' I seize upon.'  It is
 a disease of the brain, which may either be idio-
 pathic or symptomatic, spontaneous or accidental,
 and which  occurs in paroxysms, with uncertain
 intervals between.   These paroxysms are cha-
 racterized by loss of consciousness and  by con-
 vulsive motions of the muscles.  Frequently, the
 fit attacks  suddenly;  at other times, it is  pre-
 ceded by indisposition, vertigo, and stupor.   At
 times, before the loss of consciousness occurs, a
 sensation of a cold vapour is  felt, hence called
 aura  epilep'tica.   This appears to rise  in some
 part of  the  body,  proceeds  towards the head;
 and  as soon as  it  has  reached  the brain  the
 patient falls down.   The ordinary duration  of a
 fit is  from 5 to 20 minutes.  Sometimes it goes
 off in a  few seconds; at others, it is protracted
 for hours.  In all cases, there is a loss of sensa-
 tion, sudden  falling  down, distortion  of the eyes
 and face; countenance of a red, purple or violet
 colour; grinding of the teeth; foaming at  the
 mouth; convulsions of the limbs;  difficult respi-
 ration, generally stertorous; with, sometimes,in-
 voluntary discharge of faeces and urine.  After
 the fit, the  patient retains  not the least recol-
 lection  of what  has passed,  but  remains,  for
some  time, affected  with head-ach, stupor,  and
lassitude.
  The disease is  in  tho brain,  and is generally 
*
EPILEPTIC               346               EPIPHYTE
organic;  but it may be functional and sympto-
matic of  irritation in other parts, as  in the sto-
mach, bowels, Ac.   The prognosis, as to ultimate
recovery, is unfavourable.  It does not, however,
frequently destroy life,  but is apt to lead to men-
tal  imbecility.  Dissection has not thrown light
on its pathology.
  To the attacks of epilepsy which are unaccom-
panied by convulsions, as is sometimes the case,
the French  give the name Petit-mal, and Epi-
lepaie Vertige, Cer'ebral Epilepsy.  Fully formed
epilepsy is the Graud-mal of the French, Spinal
Epilepsy.  When furious  mania succeeds to  a
paroxysm, it is termed  Mania  epileptica and
Epileptic Delirium.        •
  In the treatment,  the cause must be sought
after, and if possible removed.  In the paroxysm,
but little can be done, but as the tongue is liable
to be injured by the teeth,  the jaws may be kept
open by putting a cork  or piece of wood between
them.  If the fit has been brought on by indi-
gestible food, the stomach must be cleared.   It
is between the  paroxysms that  the  great effort
must be made.  Generally, there is considerable
irritability and  debility of the nervous  system,
and hence tonics have been found the best reme-
dies.  Of  these,  perhaps the most powerful,  in
epilepsy, is  the argenti nitras,  given regularly
and continued for months, if necessary.  Prepa-
rations of iron, copper, and zinc, have also been
used, and vegetable  tonics  and antispasmodics in
general.   Counter' irritants, as  blisters,  moxa,
Ac, may be  employed, if necessary,  along with
this course.
  Unfortunately, in  many cases, these means are
found insufficient, and  all  that can be done is to
palliate, removing carefully the  exciting .causes;
such as the use of spirituous liquors, strong emo-
tions, violent exercise,  Ac;  and regulating the
diet.
  Epilepsy, Cerebral, see Epilepsy—e. Spinal,
see  Epilepsy.
  p;PILEPTIC, Epilep'ticus, Epilep'tua, Litnal-
icus,  Cadtlcana;  same etymon.  One  affected
with epilepsy.  Anything relating to epilepsy;
as an epilep'tic  individual; an  epilep'tic aymp-
tom.  Some  authors also speak of epileptic reme-
diea.
  EPILEPTOID, EpileptoVdee; same etymon.
Resembling  epilepsy—as ' epileptoid symptoms.'
  EPILO'BIUM   ANGUSTIFO'LIUM,   (from
em, Xopov, and tov, 'a violet on a pod,') Great Willow
herb.   An indigenous plant, Order,  Onagraceae,
which flowers in July.  The root is emollient and
slightly astringent.
  Epilobium Colora'tum, Purple-veined Willow
herb, has similar properties.
  Epilobium Villo'sum, a South African plant,
is used at the Cape  of Good  Hope as a domestic
remedy for cleansing foul ulcers.
  EPIM'ANES, from tmuatvopat, (tin, and patvo-
uat, ' I am in a rage  at.') A name given to a ma-
niac when in,a paroxysm.
  EPIMELETAI,  from  tmptXtopat, (tm, and
ptXta, ' I take care,')  ' I take care of.'  A name  by
which  the ancient Persians  called the curere  of
icotuida, who followed their armies.
  EPiMOR'IOS, 'unequal;'  from tm, and  ptipio,
' I divide.'   An epithet applied to the pulse when
unequal.—Galen.
  EPINARD, Spinacia—i.  Sauvage, Chenopo-
dium bonus  Henricus.
  EPINE,  Spine — S. de CerfsRhamnus — t.  du
Doe, Vertebral column—S. Gutturale, Nasal spine,
inferior and  posterior—e. Sphenoidale, Sphenoi-
dal  spine—S. Vinette, Oxyacantha Galeni.
  EPINEMESIS, Dispensation.
  EPINEPH'ELOS,  Nubilo'eue.   Presenting  a
cloud.   Applied to the urine.—Hippocrates.
  EPINEUX, Spinous — S. du Doe, grand, Spi-
nalis dorsi major: see Interspinals doi-M et lum-
borum — S. du Doe, petit, see  Iuterspinales  dorsi
et lumborum.
  EPINGLE, Pin.
  E PIN IE RE, Spinal.
  EPINOTION, Scapula.
  EPINYCTIDES,  from  tm,  and  vuf  vvktos,
'the night.'  Eruptions which appear on the skin
in the night, and disappear  in the day.  Pus'tula
livene et noc'tibua  inquie'tans.—Pliny.
  EPINYCTIS PRURIGINOSA,  Urticaria.
  EPIONE, Decidua.
  EPIPAROXYS'MUS.    A   paroxysm  super-
added to an ordinary paroxysm.
  EPIPASTUM,  Catapasma.
  EPIPE'CHU,   twtrnxvi  from tm,  and irnX»St
'the elbow.'  The upper part  of the elbow.  The
part above the elbow.—Gorrams.
  EPIPEPHYCOS, Conjunctiva.
  EPIPH.ENOM'ENON,  Post appa'rens,  Epi-
phenom'enon; same  etymon  as the  next.  Any
kind  of adventitious symptom  which  occurs
during the progress  of an  affection ; and which
is not as intimately connected with the existence
of the disease as the symptoms properly so called.
  EPIPHA'NIA, from tm, and tpaivto, T exhi-
bit.'  Tho external appearance of the body.—
Castelli.
  EPIPHEGUS   VIRGINIANA,  Orobanche
Virginiana.
  EPIPHENOMENON, Epiphaenomenon.
  EPIPH'LEBUS, from tm,  and ipXtip,  ipXtfkf,
'a vein.' An epithet  given to those whose veins
are  very apparent.—Hippoc, Aretaeus.
  EPIPHLEGIA, Inflammation.
  EPIPHLOGISMA, Erysipelatous  inflamma-
tion.
  EPIPHLOGOSIS, Hyperphlogosis.
  EPIPH'ORA,   Dacryno'ma, Lacryma'tio, De-
lacryma'tio, Illacryma'tio, Stillicid'ium lacryma'-
rum, Oc'ulus  lae'rymans ; from tmtptpu), (tm, and
Refill),) T carry to.' Weeping.   (¥.) Lannoiement.
The watery eye; — an involuntary and constant
flow of tears upon the  cheek.  It is almost always
symptomatic of some disease of  the lachrymal
passages, and occurs  when the tears cannot pass
into the ductus  ad  nasum.  Occasionally, it is
owing  to the tears being  secreted in  too great
quantity; as in certain cases of ophthalmia. The
treatment must of course  be  directed to the re-
moval of the cause.
  Epiphora, Epidrome,  Ophthalmia — e. Alvi,
Diarrhoea—e. Ptyalismus, Salivation.
  EPIPHYMATA, Cutaneous diseases.
  EPIPH'YSIS,  Additamen'tum,  from tm, and
ipvu, ' I arise.' Any portion of a bone, separated
from the body of the bone by a cartilage, which
becomes converted into bone by age.  The epi-
phyeie of the foetus becomes the apophyeie of the
adult.
  Epiphysis Cruris  Longioris Incudis, Os or-
biculare.
  EP'IPHYTE,JEpt»Ay0n, (pi. Epiph'yta,) from
tm,  and ipvrov,  'a  plant.'   Phyto-paraaite.  A
parasite  derived  from the vegetable  kingdom.
Epiphytes are divided by Vogel into, 1. Vegeta-
tions in the human fluids, as the tor'ula cerevis'ia
in vomited fluids, and faecal evacuations, and the
sar'cina ventric'uli.   2.  Vegetations  on the ex-
ternal skin  and its appendages, as in tinea favosa,
mentagra, herpes  tonsurans and plica  polouica;
and, 3. Vegetations on the mucous membrane,—
as in the aphthae of children;  in the cicatrices'of
the   mucous  membrane  after typhus, Ac.  By
some, the term epiphytes  is  restricted to those 
EPIPLASMA              347              EPISIONCUS
vegetable parasites which grow on tho surface of I
the body.
  EPIPLAS'MA, from tmirXaeeu>,(tm, and irXaecu,
11 smear,') 'I plaster.'   Cataplasm.   Galen uses
it especially for an application  of wheaten flour,
boiled in hydrelaum, and applied to wounds.
  EPIPLE'GIA, from tm, and itXnyn, 'a stroke.'
Paralysis of the upper extremities.
  EPIPLERO'SIS,  from tm, and TrXnpuiots, 're-
pletion.'  Excessive  repletion ; distension.
  EPIP'LOCE,  from tm, and TrXtxto, 'I  twine.'
Coition. Entanglement.
  Epip'loce  Intestina'lis,  Conglomera'tio in-
teetina'rum.  Conglomeration of the intestines.
   EPIPLOCE'LE, from epiploon, and KnXn, 'tu-
mour.'   Epip'loic her'nia, Zirba'lia hernia, Her-
nia  omenta'lie,  Omental, hernia, (V.) Hernie de
VSpiploon.  Omental hernia  is recognised—but at
times with difficulty — by a soft, unequal, pasty
tumour, in which no gurgling sound is heard on
pressing or reducing it.   It is less dangerous than
hernia of the  intestines.
   EPIPLO-ENTEROCE'LE, from  epiploon, tv-
rtpov, 'intestine,' and  KnXn,  'tumour.'  Hernia,
formed  by the epiploon and a  portion of intes-
tine. It is more commonly called En'tero-epi-
 ploce'le.
   EPIPLOENTEROOSCHEOCE'LE,   Epiplo-
enteroechoce'le, from  epiploon, tvrtpov, 'intestine,'
 textov,  'scrotum,' and   KnX% 'rupture.'   Hernia
 with omentum and intestine*in*the scrotum.
   EPIP'LOIC, Epiplo^icus.  Relating to the
ipiploon.
   Epiploic Appendages, Appendiculae  pingue-
dinosae.
   Epiploic  Ar'teries ; Arte'ria   Epiplo'ica.
The arterial branches,  which are distributed to
the  epiploon, and which are given off by the gas-
tro-epiploicae.            _
   EPIPLO-ISCHIOCE'LE, from epiploon, taxi-
ov, 'the ischium,' and ki?X»,  'a tumour.'   Hernia
formed   by the  epiploon through the ischiatic
notch.
   EPIPLOITIS, from  epiploon, and itie, deno-
ting inflammation.  Inflammation of the omen-
tum ; Omentltie, Empresma  peritonitis omenta'lia,
 Omenti inflamma'tio, Enteri'tie epiploi'tie, Omen-
te'sis.   A form of partial peritonitis.
   EPIPLOMEROCE'LE, from  epiploon, pnpos,
'the thigh,'and K17X17, 'a tumour.'  Femoral her-
nia, formed by the epiploon.
   EPIPLOMPHALOCELE, Epiplompbalon.
   EPIPLOM'PIIALON, Epiploom'phalon,  Ejri-
 plomphaloce'le,  Hernia umbilica'lis, from epi-
ploon, and optpaXos, 'the navel.' Umbilical hernia,
formed  by  the epiploon.
   EPIPLOM'PHRASIS, from epiploon, and tp-
tipaoooi, ' I  obstruct.'  Induration of the epiploon.
   EPIPLOOCOMISTES,  from  epiploon,  and
xoptru>,  T  carry.' One  who has the omentum
morbidly large.   Also, one  labouring under epi-
ploeele.                                  ,
   EPIP'LOON, Epip'loum, from tm, 'above,  and
wXtio, 'I swim or float.'   Omen'turn, Refe, Retic-
ulum;  Dertron; Zirbue, Gail game,  Gangamum,
Onerimeilturn  inteetino'rum, Sacctte epiploicua,
Saqe'n,,, The Caul,  (Prov.)  Flick, Web.  A pro-
longation of the peritoneum, which floats above
a portion of the intestines,  and is formed of two
membranous layers,  with vessels and fatty bands
distributed through it.  Anatomists have  de-
scribed several epiploons. The uses of the omen-
tum are but little known.   The chief one seems
to be, to retain  the  viscera  in situ, and to give
passage to  vessels.
   Epiploon,  Colic,  Colic  Omen'turn,  Omentum
ro'licum, Third  Epiploon or Omentum, is a duph-
cature of the  peritoneum, situate along the as-
cending portion of the colon, as far as its junc-
tion  with the transverso portion.  It is  behind
the great epiploon, and fills up the angle  formed
by the junction of the ascending with  the trans-
verse colon.  Its two laminae  are separated by
colic arteries and veins.
  Epiploon,  Gastro-Colic,  Great  Omentum,
Omentum gastro-co'licum seu majus, Peritona'um
duplica'tum, Rete majue,  Zirbue adipi'nus, con-
sists of an extensive duplicature, which is free
and floating on the folds of the intestines.  It is
quadrilateral, and longer  on the left side than on
the right: — its base being fixed, anteriorly, to
thr great curvature of the  stomach; and, poste-
riorly, to the arch of the  colon.   It is formed of
two  laminae,  each  consisting of two others.  In
this  epiploon a number of vessels is distributed,
and  there is much fat.
  Epiploon,  Gastro-Hepatic, Lesser Omentum,
Omentum hep'ato-gae'tricum seu ntinite, Membra'-
na macilen'tior, is a duplicature of the peritoneum,
which extends  transversely from the  right side
of the cardia to the corresponding extremity of
the fissure of the liver, and downwards from this
fissure to the lesser curvature of the stomach, the
pylorus and duodenum.  Below it is the foramen
or hiatue of Winslow; and between its  laminae
are  lodged  the  biliary and hepatic vessels.  It
contains but little fat.  If  air  be blown in at the
foramen of Winslow, the cavity or sac of the omen-
tum, Sac'cue Peritona'i retroventricii/a'ris, Bursa
omenta'li8, will be rendered perceptible.
  Epiploon, Gastro-Splenic,  Gastro-Splenic
Omentum, Omentum Gastro-aple'nicum.  A reflec-
tion of the peritoneum, which passes between the
concave surface of  the spleen  and the stomach,
from the cardiac orifice to  near its great curva-
ture, and  which lodges  the  vasa brevia  and
splenic vessels between its laminae.
  EPIPLOSAR*COM'PIIALUS,  from epiploon,
eap!;, oapKos, 'flesh,'  and  optpaXos, 'the navel.'
Umbilical hernia, formed of indurated omentum.
  EPIPLOSCHEOCE'LE, Epiploschoce'le, from
epiploon, ooxtov,' the scrotum,'  and KnXn,' tumour.'
Scrotal hernia, formed by a displacement of the
epiploon.
  EPIPLOUM, Epiploon.
  EPIPNOIA, Afflatus.
  EPIPORO'MA, from tmtr*.j.ooi, (tm, and iru>pou>,)
'Iharden.'  A tophaceous concretion which forms
in the joints.  The callus of fracture.
  EPIR'RHOE, Epirrha'a, from nri# and  ptu>,
'I  flow.' Afflux or congestion of humours.—
Hippocrates.
  EPIRRHGEA, Epirrhoe.
  EPISARCIDIUM, Anasarca,
  EPIS'CIIESIS,   Retention;  from tmoxoi,  'I
restrain.' A suppression of excretions.
  EPISCHET'ICUS;  same   etymon.   Sistens,
Rep'rimene, Co'hibene.  'Restraining.'  An agent
that diminishes—secretion, for example.
  EPISCHION, Abdomen, Pubes, Pubis  os.
  EPISCOPALES VALVULE, Mitral valves.
  EPISEION, Pubis (os), Vulva, Labium  Pu-
dendi, Tressoria.
  EPISEMA'SIA, from tmonuatvia, (tm, and onpn,
'a sign,')'I afford some sign.'   Sema'sia.   It has
been used synonymously  with aign, and also with
the invasion of an attack of fever. See Annotatio.
  EPISIOCELE, see Hernia, vulvar.
  EPISIffiDE'MA, from tmottov, (modern.) 'the
labium  pudendi,' and otinpa, 'oedema.'   OZdema
of the labia pudendi.
  EPISIOITIS, from tmottov, 'the lahium pu-
dendi,'  and  ids, denoting  'inflammation.'  In-
flammation of the labia pudendi.
  EPISION, Episeion.
  EPISION'CUS,  Episiophy'ma, from  smouev, 
EPISIOPHYMA            348             EPITHELIUM
(modern,) 'the labium  pudendi,' and  oyeos, 'a
tumour.'   Tumor labio'rum.  A swelling or tu-
mour of the labia pudendi.
  EPISIOPHYMA, Episioncus.
  EPISIORRHAG"IA, from tmeuov,' the labium
pudendi,' and payn,' rupture.'  Hemorrhage from
tne labia pudendi.
  EPISIOR'RIIAPHY,  Episiorrhaph'ia,  from
tmottov, 'the labium pudendi,' 'the vulva,' and
paipn, ' suture.'  An operation practised in  cases
of prolapsus uteri, which consists  in paring the
opposing surfaces of  the labia pudendi, bringing
them together and uniting  them by suture, so as
to diminish the outlet of the vulva.
  EPISPA'DIA;  Hyperspa'dia;  same etymon
as the next.  The condition of an Epispadias.
  EPISPA'DIAS,  Epispadia'ue,   Anaspa'diae,
Anaapadia'ua,  Hyperapa'diua,  Hyperapadia'ua,
from tin, ' above,' and  onaw,  ' I draw.'   The op-
posite to  Hypospadias.  One who has a preter-
natural opening of the urethra at the upper part
of the penis.
  EPISPAS'TICS,  Epiepae'tica,  Vea'icants,
Helc'tica, (¥.) Epiapaatiquea ; same etymon. An
epithet for every  medicinal  substance which,
when applied to the skin, excites pain, heat, and
more or less redness, followed by separation of
the epidermis, which  is raised up by effused serum.
Cantharides and mustard  are epispastics.  See
Blister, and Derivative.
  EPISPASTICUM, Blister.
  EPISPASTIQUES, Epispastics.
  EPISPASTUM, Catapasma.
  EPISPHiE'RIA,from tm,and etpaipa, 'asphere.'
Some physiologists have applied this term to the
different convolutions  and sinuosities  presented
by  the external surface of the brain.
  EPISPHAGISMOS, Signature.
  EPISPLELTTIS,  see Splenitis.
  EPISTACTIS'CHESIS,  from epietaxie,  and
iff^tiv, ' to restrain.'  Arrest of bleeding from the
nose.
  EPISTAPHYLINI, see  Azygos Muscle.
  EPISTASIS, Insiden'tin,  from  tm,  and  oraia,
'I rest.'  A substance which swims at the sur-
face of urine.  It is  opposed to the hypostaaie or
sediment.   Epistasis has  also been  employed
synonymously with suppression.
  EPISTAX'IS, from eiri, and erafa, 'I flow drop
by   drop.'   Hamorrhag"in  acti'va na'rittm, H.
narin'ea seu  un'rium, Epiatax'ie junio'rum seu
nrterio'an,   Hamorrhin'ia,   Hamorhinorrhag" ia,
Hamatie mus,   Choanorrhag"ia, Rhinorrhag"ia,
Stillicid'ium seu Stilla'tio Sang'uinia e nar'ibua,
Hem'orrhage from the pitu'itary membrane, Bleed-
ing  a' the noee, Noaebleed, (¥.)  HSmorrhagie
naeale, Snignement du nez, HSmorrhinie.  This is
one of the most common varieties of hemorrhage;
the  organization of the Schneiderian membrane
being favourable to  it, as  the blood-vessels are
but slightly supported.  It  does  not  generally
flow from both nostrils, and  is very apt to recur.
Puberty is the period at which it is most common.
Its  exciting cauaea  are: — any thing  that will
Induce local congestions, as running,  coughing,
blowing the nose, Ac, provided there  be a pre-
disposition to it.  A  common case of epistaxis re-
quires but  little treatment, especially if  in  a
young person.  Light diet and a dose  or two of
the  sulphate of magnesia will  be sufficient.  In
more severe attacks, cold  and  astringent washes
of alum, sulphate of zinc,  weak sulphuric acid,
or  creosote, may  be used, and the nostrils be
plugged anteriorly; but if  the  bleeding goes on
posteriorly, the posterior nares  must be plugged
likewise, — the patient being kept with the head
raised.  The flow of  blood  has been arrested by
directing the patient to stand up with his head
[ elevated,  compressing the  nostril  whence the
 blood flows with the finger, raising  the corre-
l sponding arm perpendicularly, and holding  it  in
| this  position for about  two minutes.   A  less
 vigorous circulation through the carotids appears
 to result  from the increased force required  to
 carry on the circulation  through the upper ex-
 tremities  when  raised. — N6grier.  To  prevent
 the recurrence, strict diet must  be inculcated.
   EPISTER'NAL, Epiaterna'lie, from  tm,  and
 ortpvov,  ' the sternum.' An epithet applied to two
 bones which form part of the  sternum, and aro
 situate upon its superior and lateral part.  In the
 young subject, they are attached to the sternum
 by a synovial  membrane, and a fibrous capsule.
 They have somewhat the appearance of the  pisi-
 form bones, but are of a greater size.
   According  to Professor Owen, the piece  of a
 segment of an articulate  animal, which  is imme-
 diately above the middle inferior piece or sternum.
   EPISTHOT'ONOS, from  smoOtv,  'forwards.'
 and rtivut, ' I extend.'  A spasm of the  muscles,
 drawing the body forwards.  The word emproe-
 thotonoe is more commonly employed.
   EPISTROPHE, Relapse.
   EPISTROPHEUS, Axis.
   EPISTROPHUS^Axis.
   EPISY'NAN'CHE, (em, and eynanehe or cynan-
 che,) Epiaynanglna.  A  Greek word, used by a
 modern writer for^spasm of  the  pharynx, by
 which deglutitio*is^>revented,  and the solid and
 liquid food driven bftck towards  the mouth  or
 nasal fossae.
   EPISYNTIIET'IC, Epiaynthet'icue, from tm-
 owrtSnpi,  (tm, ow, and nOnpi,)  'to collect, accu-
 mulate.'  The name of a medical sect, whose ob-
 ject it was to reconcile the principles  of the  Me-
 thodists with those of the Empirics and Dogma-
 tics.  Leonides of Alexandria seems to have  been
 one of the first partisans of this sectj of which
 we  know little.
   EPIT'ASIS, from tm,  and rtivtiv, 'to extend.'
 The period of violence of a fever, (Febris inten'-
 eio,) attack or paroxysm; sometimes it is used  in
 the same sense as epistasis, for  ' auppreaaion.'
   EPITELIUM, Epithelium.
   EPITHE'LIAL,  Epithelia'lie;  same  etymon
 as  epithelium.  Appertaining or relating to the
 epithelium,—as epithelial cells, and scales.
   Epithelial  Cancer,  Cancroid  of the  ekin,
 Epiihelio'ma, Carcino'maepithelio'dee, is a morbid
 growth  of epithelial cells; forming  an epithelial
 tumour, which,  by some, is regarded  as carci-
 noma.  See Cancroid.
   EPITHELIOMA, Epithelial cancer.
   EPITHE'LIUM,  Epite'lium, Epithe'lie, Epi-
 the'lia,  Endepiderm'ie, from  tm,  and  SijXn,  'a
 nipple.'  The  thin  layer  of  epidermis, which
 covers  parts  deprived  of  derma, properly  so
 called, — as the nipple, mucous membranes, lips,
 Ac.   Modern histological researches have shown
 that it exists, in different forms, pavement, cylinder,
 and vibratile or ciliated  epithelium.   Tesselated,
 pavement,  scaly, lamellar, tu'bnlar, or /{aliened
 epithelium, Epithelium polyed'ricum,  and E. la-
 mello'enm, (¥.) EpithSliumpavimenteux, covers the
 serous and synovial  membranes,  tho lining  of
 blood-vessels, and the mucous membranes, except
 where cylinder epithelium exists.  It is spread
 over  the  mouth, pharynx and oesophagus,  con-
 junctiva,  vagina, and  entrance  of the  female
 urethra.  Cylinder, Colum'nar  or Pdenialic epi-
 thelium, Epithe'lium cylin'dricum, (¥.) EpithSlittm
 cylindriqne is  found in the  intestinal  canal,
 beyond  the cardiac orifice of the stomach; in the
 larger ducts of  the salivary glands;  inthe ductus
 communis choledochua, prostate, Cowper's glands,
 vesiculae seminales, vas deferens, tubuli uriniferi, 
EPITHEM               84
and urethra of the  male; and lines the  urinary |
passages of the female, from the orifice of  the
urethra to  the beginning of the  tubuli uriniferi
of the kidneys.  In all these situations, it is con-
tinuous with  tesselated epithelium, which lines
the more delicate  ducts of the various  glands.
For the  uses  of the ciliated epithelium,  Epithe-
lium vibrane, see Cilia.
  Mr.  Bowman has applied the term epheroidal
to a variety of epithelium, the cells of which, for
the most part, retain their primitive roundness ;
or, being flattened  where they touch,  acquire a
polyhedral figure.  At  times, these show a  dis-
position  to pass into  the columnar, or the tesse-
lated variety; and, hence, this  form has been
called  the transil'ional.  The spheroidal epithe-
lium is found  in the urinary passages, where it
succeeds the columnar epithelium of the urethra
at the  internal orifice of that canal, and lines the
whole  of the  bladder,  ureters and  pelves of the
kidneys.  It is found, also, in the excretory ducts
of  the mammary, .perspiratory, and  of  many
mucous, glands; and a modification of it lines the
inmost secreting cavities or  commencing  ducts of
glands generally.
   EP'ITHEM, Epith'ema or Epithe'ma, from nr«,
and n&npi, ' I put.'  This terra is applied  to every
topical  application, which  cannot be   classed
either under ointments or plasters.  Three sorts
 of epithems have been usually distinguished, —
 the liquid, dry, and eoft, which comprise fomen-
 tations, bags filled  with dry substance8, and cata-
 pluama.
   EPITH'ESIS.   Same etymon.   The rectifica-
 tion of crooked limbs by means of  instruments.
   EPITHYM'LE,  from tm, and dvuos,  'desire.'
 Morbid desires or longings.
   EPITHYMIAMA, Fumigation.
   EPITHYMUM,  Cuscuta  epithymum —e. Offi-
 cinarum, Cuscuta Europaea.
   EPITROCH'LEA,  from em, and rpoxaXia, 'a
 pulley.'  (¥.) EpitrochlSe.  That which is situate
 above a pulley.  Chaussier gives this name to the
 unequal, round protuberance situate on the inside
 of the inferior extremity of the humerus above its
 articular trochlea.  It is the part  usually called
 the inner or leaaer condyle of the humerus.  From
 it originate  several muscles of the forearm, to
 which it has given  part of their names, according
 to the system of  Chaussier.
   EPITR 0 CHL 0 - CARPI- PALM AIRE, Pal-
 maris longus—S. Cubito-carpien, see Cubital mus-
 cles—S. MStacarpien, Palmaris magnus—S. Pha-
 langinien commun, Flexor sublimis perforatus —
 i. Radial, Pronator radii teres.
   EPIZO'A, (sing. Epizo'on), (¥.) Epizo'diree, Ec-
 toparaaitea, from em, and tyaov,' an animal.'  Para-
 sitic animals, which infest the surface of the body,
 or the common integument.
   EPIZOOTTA, Epizo'oty,  (¥.) Epizoote.  Same
 etymon.  A disease which reigns  amongst  ani-
 mals.  It  corresponds, in the veterinary art, to
 epidemy in medicine.
   EPIZOOT'IC, Epizo'ot'icua, same etymon.  Re-
 lating or  appertaining to  an  epizooty, — as an
 ' epizootic aphtha.'
   EP'OCHE, from tm,  and £*>>, 'to have or to
 hold.'  Doubt, suspension of judgment— Suapen'aa
 stnten'tia.   Sometimes employed  in  the same
 sense as epiecheeie or suppression.
   EPOCHETEUSIS, Derivation.
   EPODE, Incantation.
   EPO'MIS, Superhumera'le, from tm, and tapos,
 ' the shoulder.'  The acromion.  The  upper  part
 of the shoulder.—Hippocrates, Galen.
   EPOMPHALICUM, Epomphalium.
   EPOMPHALION, Uterus.
   EPOMPHA'LIUM,  Epomphalicum,  from tm,
9             EQUIVOROUS
and  optpaXos,  'the  navel.'  A  medicine,  which,
when placed upon the umbilicus, moves the belly.
—Paulus of iEgina.
  EPONGE, Spongia—S. d'Eglantier, Bedegar.
  EPOQUES,  Menses.
  EPOSTOMA, Exostosis.
  EXOSTOSIS, Exostosis.
  EPREINTES, Tenesmus.
  EPSEMA, Decoction.
  EPSESIS, Decoction, Elixatio.
  EPSOM, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Epsom
is a town in Surrey, about 15 miles frtm London.
The water is  a simple saline;—consisting chiefly
of sulphate of magnesia, which has consequently
received the name  of Epsom aalta, though  no
longer prepared from the Epsom water.
  SpUISEMENT,  Exhaustion.
  EPU'LIS, from  tm, and  ovXov,  'the  gum.'
Odon'tia excrea'cens, Sarco'ma epn'lie,  Ulon'cus,
Excreecen'tia gingiva.  (¥.) Epulide, Epulie.
An excrescence on the gum, sometimes ending in
cancer.
  EPULOSIS, Cicatrization.
  EPULOTICA, Cicatrisantia.
  EPURGE, Euphorbia lathyris
  EQUAL, JEqua'lia.  An epithet applied parti-
cularly to the pulse and to respiration. The pulse
and respiration are  equal,  when the pulsations
and inspirations  which succeed each  other  are
alike in every respect.
  EQUILIBRIUM, from  aqvus,  'equal,'  and
librare, ' to weigh.'  In  medicine, this word is
sometimes used to designate that state of organs,
fluids and forces, which constitutes health.
  EQUINA  CAUDA,  see Cauda Equina.
  E QUI'NIA, from equinua,  'belonging to a
horse.'  Glandere, (¥.)  Morve.  A dangerous con-
tagious disorder, accompanied by a pustular erup-
tion, which  arises from inoculation with certain
diseased fluids generated in the horse, the ass and
the mule.  Two forms are met  with,— E. mitie,
contracted from horses affected  with grease, and
E. glandulo'ea, a dangerous and commonly fatal
disease communicated  to man, either in the acute
or chronic form, from the glandered  horse.  The
veterinary surgeons make two  varieties  of  the
disease in the horse — Glandere,  Ma'lia, Malias'-
mue, Ma'lie,  Malis, Malleus ; and Farcy glanders,
Farcino'ma,  Farci'men, Mal'lene farcimino'eua,
Morbua farcimino'sua, Cachex'ia  lymphat'ica far-
cimino'ea, (¥.)  Morve farcineuae, Farcin; — the
former affecting the pituitary membrane and oc-
casioning a  profuse discharge from  the nostrils,
with pustular eruptions or small tumours, which
soon suppurate and  ulcerate, being attended by
symptoms of malignant fever and  by gangrene
of  various parts: — the latter  being  tbe same
disease, but appearing in the  shape of small
tumours about the legs, lips, face, neck, Ac of the
horse;  sometimes very painful,  suppurating and
degenerating into foul ulcers.  They  are often
seen together.
   The mild cases require little treatment but rest;
the more severe generally resist  all remedies.
   EQUISETUM ARVENSE, Ac,  see Hippurij
vulgaris—e.  Minus,  Hippuris vulgaris.
   EQUITATION, Equita'tio, Hippei'a, Hippa'-
sia, Hippeu'sis, from equitare, eqttitatum,  ' to ride
on horseback.'   Horaeback exereiee.   A kind of
exercise,  advisable  in  many  diseases, although
improper in  others — in uterine  affections, for in-
stance.  It  has  been  much recora mended  in
phthisis pulmonalis.  It is less fatiguing thou
walking, and consequently more available in  dis-
ease.  But to prevent  disease, where much exer-
 cise is required, the  latter is preferable.
   EQUIVOROUS,  Equi-'orw, Hippoph'agous, 
EQUIVOCAL
850
ERGOTINE
from  equue,  'a  horse,'  and  voro,  'I  devour.'
Feeding or subsisting on horseflesh.
  EQUIVOCAL, Equiv'ocue,from aquue,'equal,'
and vox, vocie, ' voice.'   Those symptoms are oc-
casionally so  denominated which belong to seve-
ral  diseases.   Generation  is said by some  to be
' equivocal,' when it is, or seems to be, spontaneous.
See Generation.
  EQL'U.S, Hippus.
  ERABLE, Acer saccharinum.
  ERADICATION, Eradica'tio, from e, 'from,'
and radix, radicia, 'a root.'   The  act of rooting
out, or completely removing a disease.
  ERAD'ICATIVE, Eradi'cana:  same etymon.
Any thing possessed of the power of completely
rooting out a disease.
  ERAILLEMENT DES  PAUP1ERES, Ec-
tropion.
  ERCLE, Blister.
  EREBINTHUS, Acer arietinum.
  ERECTEUR DU PENIS, Ischio-cavernosus.
  ERECIITHITES HIERACIFO'LIA, Sene'cio
hieracifo'liua, Fireueed.  An indigenous plant,
Order Compositae, which flowers from July to
September.  It  is said to be an acrid tonic, and
astringent, and in large doses emetic.
   ERECTILE  TISSUE, Tela seu Textile erec'-
tilia,  from erigere, erectum,  (e,  and rigere,) ' to
erect,' ' to become erect.'   A tissue, whose prin-
cipal character is, to be susceptible of dilatation,
i. e.  of turgescence and increase  of size.  It is
formed of a  collection of arteries and veins, in-
termixed  with nervous filaments; which  form,
by their  numerous anastomoses, a spongy sub-
stance, whose areolae  communicate with  each
other.  Smooth  muscular fibres have  been de-
tected in  it.   This tissue exists in the corpora
cavernosa of the penis and clitoris, at  the lower
and inner surface of the vagina,  in  the spongy
part  of the urethra, the  lips, nipples, iris, Ac.
Sometimes it is developed accidentally, and con-
stitutes a kind of organic transformation.
   ERECTION,  Erec'tio, Arrec'tio; same ety-
mon.  The state of a part, in which, from having
been soft, it  becomes stiff, hard, and swollen by
the accumulation of blood  in the areolae  of its
tissue, as in tbe case of the penis—Styma, Stysis.
   ERECTOR  CLITORIDIS, Ischio-cavernosus
—e. Penis, Lsehio-cavernosus.
   EREMACAU'SIS,  (F.)  ErSmacaude,  from
tpnpos, 'waste,' and Kaveis, 'combustion.' A term
applied by Liebig to the slow combustion, oxida-
 tion, or decay of organic matters in the air.
   EREMIA, Acinesia.
   ERESIPELE, Erysipelas.
   ERETIIILYTICUM   H^MATOLYTICUM,
 Spanaemic
   ER'ETHISM, Erethie'niite, Erethie'ia, Irrita-
 men'tnm,  Irrita'tio,  (¥.) ErSthiame, from ept$t$o>,
 ' I irritate.'   Irritation.  Augmentation of the
 vital phenomena in any organ or tissue.  Orgasm.
 Under this name, Mr. Pearson has  described a
 state  of  the  constitution produced by mercury
 acting on it as  a poison.  He calls  it Mercu'rial
 Er'ethiem or Erethie'mus.   It is characterized by
 great depression of strength; anxiety about the
 praecordia;  irregular  action  of the  heart;  fre-
 quent sighing;  tremors; small, quick, sometimes
 intermitting pulse; occasional vomiting;  pale,
 contracted countenance, and sense  of  coldness;
 but the tongue is seldom furred, nor are the vital
 and  natural functions much  disturbed.  In  this
 state an*" sudden exertion may prove fatal.
   ERET HISMA, Rubefacient.
   E RETHISMUS,Erethism, Irritation—e.Ebrio-
 irorum, Delirium tremens — e. Hydrophobia, Hy-
 drophobia—e. Oneirodynia,  Incubus, Paroniria—
 1 Simplex, Fidgets.
  ERETHISTICUS, Erethiticus, Rubefacient.
  ERETHIT'IC, Erethit'ictts, Erethie'ticua.  Be-
longing or relating to erethism—as "ereth'tio
phenomena," or phenomena of irritation.
  ERETISME, Erethism.
  EREUGMOS, Eructation.
  EREUXIS, Eructation, Flatulence.
  ERGASMA, Myrrha.
  ERGASTERION SPIRITUS, Pulmo.
  ERGASTERIUM, Laboratory.
  ERGOT, (F.) Ergot, 'a spur.'  Er'gota, Seca'lf
cornu'tum seu muter'num seu tur'gidum seu ti mu-
lent'um seu luxu'riane seu clava'turn, Clarue sera.
li'nue  seu  eeca'lie  seu Silig"inia,  Spcrmoi'tlia
clavue, Mater aeca'lie, Calcar, Seca'lia muter, L «.
tila'go, Frumen'tum cornu'tum seu coriiieula'titm
seu  luxu'riane sen  tur'gidum  seu  temuhn'tnm,
Brizoc'erae [/], Melanophy'ma, Spur reel or Homed
Rye, Spur,  Horneeed,  Cockapur Rye,  Cockspm;
(¥.) Seigle ergotS ou  cornu ou corrompu  ou  tl
Eperon ou ErgotiaS, BIS cornu, Ergot ou c/oi» ou
mire de  seigle, Bled  avortS ou farouche, Faux
seigle.   Ergot is generally considered  to be the
result  of a disease in rye, occurring  most fre-
quently when  a hot  summer succeeds a rainy
spring. Decandolle, however,  regards it  as  a
parasitic fungus, and calls  it Sclero'tium clavue;
whilst  LeveillS esteems it  to be a fungus giving
a coating to the diseased grain;  the medical vir-
tues residing in tbe  coating.   This  parasitic
fungus he  calls Sphace'lia eeg"etum.  More re-
cently, it has been maintained,  that it  is  a dis-
eased state of the grain occasioned by the growth
of a fungus not previously detected, to which the
names Ergota'tia abortane seu abortifa'ciens, O'i-
dium aborfifa'ciene, Ergot-mould, have been given.
It is found projecting  from among the leaves of
the spike or ear, and  is a long, crooked excres-
cence,  resembling  the  spur of a cock, pointed  at
its extremities, of a dark brown colour externally,
and white within.
  This substance has been long used in Germanj
to act  on the uterus, as its names Mutterkorn
and Gebarpulver ('womb-grain,' pulvie par-
turiate, pulvie ad partum) testify.   Upwards of
forty  years  ago, it was recommended in  this
country, by Dr. Jdhn Stearns, of Saratoga County,
New York, for accelerating parturition; and since
that period, numerous testimonials have been
offered in its favour.   Half  a drachm of the
powder is gently boiled in half a pint of water,
and one-third part given every 20 minutes, until
proper pains begin.  Some recommend the clear
watery infusion ; others advise the powder; others
the oil; and  others the wine.  It is obvious that,
in many cases, the uterine efforts would return in
the period which would necessarily elapse in the
administration of ergot; so  that  several  of the
cases,  at least, of reputed  efficacy, may not have
been dependent upon the assigned agent.  Ergot
also possesses,  it is affirmed,  narcotic virtues,
which have  rendered it useful in  hemorrhagic
and other affections of excitement.
   Bread, made of spurred rye, has been attended
with the effects described under Ergotism.
   ERGOT, Hippocampus minor — e.  de  Seigle,
Ergot.
   ERGOT-MOULD, see Ergot.
   ERGOTA,  Ergot.
   ERGOT^ETIA  ABORTANS, see Ergot —e
Abortifaciens, see Ergot.
   ER'GOTIN, Extrac'tum Er'gota, Extract  of
Ergot, (¥.)  Ergotine,  Extrait  hSmoetatique  de
Bonjean.   The extract of ergot has been  found
an excellent hemastatic in the dose of two graini
several times a day.  It has also  been used ex-
ternally.
   ERGOTINE, Ergotin. 
ERGOTISM
351
ERUPTION
   ER'GOTISM. Ergotia'mua, from ergota, 'ergot.'
 Morbus cernllis.  Poisoning by ergot. An affec-
 tion  produced  by the use  of  spurred rye.   At
 times,  the  symptoms  are limited  to  vertigo,
 spasms, and convulsions.  See Convulsio cerealis.
 Most commonly, there  is torpor with numbness ;
 of the hands  and feet, which  waste away, lose
 sensation  and  the power of motion, and separate
 from  the  body by  dry gangrene,— Ergotia'mua
 Sphacelo'ana, Sphitc"elite cerea'lia, Nec'ro'eis  ce-
 rea'lta,  Gatigra'na ustilagin'ea, A'ecroeie ustila-
 gin'ea, Ergot or Mi/dew mortification, (¥.) Ergo-
 tisme gangrSneitx,  Gangrlne dee Solonois, Mal de
 Sologne.
   ERGOTISMS CONVULSIVE, Convulsio  ce-
 real is.
   ERGOTISMUS, Ergotism —e.  Spasmodic™,
 Convulsio cerealis —e.  Sphacelosus, Ergotism.
   ERI'CA VULGA'RIS, Callu'na vulga'ris seu
 Erica, Common Heath, (Sc) Heather, (¥.) Bruylre
 vulgaire.  This has been regarded as diuretic and
 diaphoretic.
   ERIGERON AMBIGUUM, E. Philadelphicum
 —e. Annuum, see E. Canadense.
   ERIG"ERON  BELLIDIFO'LIUM,  Robin's
 plantain, Rosy Betty, (npiytpiav, from  »7p, 'spring','
 and ytpuv,  'an old man;'  owing  to the hoary
 appearance  of some of the vernal  species.)   An
 indigenous plant of the Composite family; flower-
 ing in May.  It is said  to possess properties like
 those of E.  Philadelphicum.
   Erigeron  Canaden'se,  Can'ada Fleabane,
 Prideweed,  Horseweed,  Butterweed, is considered
 to be allied in properties to E. Philadelphicum :and
 the same may be said of Erigeron Heterophyl"lum,
 E.  annuum, Sweet  Sca'bious  or varioit8-leaved
  Fleabane; all  of  which are in the secondary  list
 of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States.
   Erigeron Heterophyllum, see E. Canadense
 —e. Integrifolium, E. Philadelphicum.
   Erig"chon  Philadel'phicum,  E. strigo'8ttm
 seu  anibig'uum seu integrifo'lium, Scabious, Ske-
 visch, Philadelphia or Skeviech or Narrotc-leetved
 Flea-Bane,  Daiey, Coeaah, Frostweed, Fieldxreed,
 Sqnaie-iro.ed,  (¥.)  Vergerette  de  Philadelphie.
 The plant has been used in decoction or infusion
 for gouty and gravelly complaints,  and is said
 to operate powerfully as a diuretic and sudorific.
 The essential oil  has been given in uterine  he-
 morrhage.  Dose, five drops.
   Erigeron Strigosum, E. Philadelphicum.
    ERIGERUM, Senecio.
   fiRIGNE, Hook.
   ERINE,  Hook.
   ERIOCEPH'ALUS UMBELLULATUS, Wild
 Rose'mary.  A  South African  shrub, Ord. Com-
 posita?, which is diuretic, and used by the farmers
 and Hottentots in various forms of dropsy.
   ERIOSPERM'UM LATIFO'LIUM. A South
 African plant, the tuber of which is muculent,
 and used  externally in abrasions of the skin, and
 in superficial  ulcers.  It is also employed by  the
 Mohammedans, in decoction, in amenorrhoea.
   ERIX, tpi%.   This word signifies, in Galen,  the
. upper part of the liver.
   ERODENS, Caustic.
   ERODIUM MOSCHATUM,  Geranium mos-
 chaturn.
   EROMANTA, Erotomania.
'  ERON'OSUS, Eronu'eoe, from np, 'spring,' and
 vooos or vovoos, 'disease.'   A disease which  ap-
 pears chiefly in spring.
    EROS, Love.
   EROSIO, Corrosion — e. et Perforatio  sponta-
 nea Ventriculi, Gastromalacia,
   ERO'SION,  Ero'eio,  Diabro'de, Anabro'aie,
  Corro'aion,  from erodere, eroeum, (e, and  rodere,)
 'to  eat away.'  The action of a corrosive sub-
stance, or the gradual destruction of a part by a
Bubstance of that kind.   It is often employed in
the same sense as ulceration,—apontonroua erosion.
  Erosion, Gangrenous, of the Cheeu, Cauttr
aquaticus.
  EROT'IC, Ero'tictta, from tpws,  tpo-rns, Move'
That which is produced by love—nt> Etooc me-
lancholy, E. delirium, Ac
  EROTICOMANIA, Erotomania,
  EROTION, Melissa.
  EROTOMA'NIA, Eroma'uta,  Ma'nia erot'ica^
from tpws, tpwros, 'love,' and \iania, 'mania.'   .A
species of mental alienation caused  by love.  Ero-
tic melancholy is Love melancholy.  Some authors
write it Erot'ico-mania.  Also, Nymphomania.
  ERPES, Herpes.
  ERRABUXDUS, Planetes.
  ERRAT'IC, Errat'ieue,Atac'toe,  At'ypos ; from
entire, erratum,  'to err.'   Wandering, irregular.
That which disappears  and recurs at  irregular
intervals'.  This name is given to  intermittents,
Fcbree errat'ica, which observe no type.   Most
commonly, it is  applied to pains or to any dis-
eased manifestations  which are not  fixed, but
move from  one part to another, as  in gout, rheu-
matism, erysipelas,  Ac
  ERREUR DE LIEU, Error loci.
  ER'RHINE, Errhi'num or Er'rhinum, Sterntt-
tato'rium, Ster'ntttatory, Ptar'micum,  Apophleg-
mat'isans per nares, Nasa'le,  from tv,  'in,' and
ptv, 'the nose.'  A  remedy whose action  is ex-
erted  on the  Schneiderian membrane, exciting
sneezing and increased discharge.  Errhines have
been mainly  used as local stimulants in  head
affections.  The chief are : Asari Folia, Euphor-
bia?  gummi-resina, Hydrargyri sulphas flavus,
Tabacum, and Veratrum album.
  ERRHINUM, Sternutatory.
  ER'RHYSIS, from tv, 'in,'and ptia,  T  flow.'
With  some, a draining  of blood.  A trifling he.
morrhage.
  ERROR LOCI, Apoplane'sis, (¥.)  Erreur de
Lieu.   A term, frequently used  by Bcerhaave  to
express deviation of fluids, when they enter ves-
sels not destined for them.  Boerhaa ve  admitted
several orders of capillary vessels, the diameters
of which went  on decreasing.  The largest re-
ceived  red blood,  those  which came  next re-
ceived only white, others only lymph, whilst the
last of all were destined  for yet more subtle fluids
—for a kind  of  vapour.  When the red globules
entered vessels  destined  for  the  white, or the
white those intended for the thinner fluids, there
was, according  to the theory of Boerhaave, an
error  loci,  the proximate cause of inflammation
and other mischiefs.  See Aberration.
  ERUCA, Brassica eruca, Sinapis—e. Barbarea,
Erysimum barbarea—e. Foetida, Brassica eruca—
e. Sativa, Brassica eruca.
  ERUCTATION, Ructa'tio, Ereug'mue, Er'yge,
Erueta'tio,  Ructus,   Rueta' men,  Ructua' tio,
Ereux'ie, Reetagna'tio, (Old. Eng.) Bolke, Bouffe,
Belke,   (So.)  Booking, Bokking, Rucking,  Rift,
(Prov.) Kelking, Raaping, Roeping, Riving, Ruft
(N. of England) ; from eructare, eriicta'tum, (e,
and  ructare,  'to belch.')  Belching,  (¥.) Rot,
Rapport.  A sonorous emission, by  the mouth,
of flatus proceeding from the stomach.   When  so
frequent «s to occasion a diseased condition, this
is termed Ructuo'aitae, Morbus ructuo'sus.
  ERUGATORIA, Tetanothra.
  ERUGINEUX, yEruginous.
  ERUPTIO, Eruption—e. Exanthematis, Epa
nastasis—e. Sanguinis, Haemorrhagia.
   ERUPTION, Erup'tio, from erumpere, ervp
turn, (e,  and  rumpere,)  'to issue with violence,'
'to break out.'   This word has several meanings.
1. The sudden and copious evacuation of any fluid
from a canal  or cavity—of serun, blood, pus, Ac, 
ERUPTION ANOMALE       3 52              ERYTHEMA
for  example;  2. The breaking out of an exan-
them ;  aud,  3.  the  exanthem  itself,  whether
simply in the form of a rash,  or of pustules,
vesicles,  Ac.
  ERUPTION ANOMALE, Roseolae — e. Ro-
ea-e, Roseolae—e. Violet, Ionthus.
  ERUPTIVE, Erupti'vue.  Same etymon  as
Eruption. That which is accompanied by an erup-
tion.  Thus small-pox, measles, scarlet fever, mili-
aria, Ac. are eruptive fevcre. The term eruptive die-
eaee is nearly synonymous with cutaneous disease.
  ERVA DE SANCTA MARIA, Arum Dracun-
culus—e. do Rata, Palicourea Marcgraavii.
  ERVALENTA, see Ervum.
  ERVUM, E. Ervilia, E. plica'tum,  Vic"ia er-
vil'ia, Or'obue,  (¥.) Lehtille Ere  ou  Orobe. _  In
times of scarcity,  the seeds have been made into
bread, but it  is said not to be wholesome.  The
meal was once much used in poultices: it was for-
merly called  Orob'ion, opofiiov.  Under the name
Ervalent'a, a secret dietetic preparation'has been
introduced.   It is a vegetable powder, which,
when mixed with milk and soup and taken night
and morning, is said to have succeeded in remo-
ving old and obstinate obstructions !  Buchner
 thinks it is bean-meal, Ditterich, the meal of the
 seed of  Ervum  Ervilia.—Aschenbrenner.
   A specimen of Warton's Ervalenta, obtained at
 the dep6t, and analyzed by Dr. Hassall, was found
 to  contain a  mixture of the French and German
 lentil, reduced to powder, including  portions of
 the shells  or husks, and  of a substance very
 closely resembling, in its microscopic characters,
 corn meal.   A sample of Du Barry's  Revalen'ta
 Arab'iia was found to consist of a mixture of the
 Egyptian or Arabian lentil and barley meal.
    Ervum Ervilia, Ervum.
    Ervum Lens, Cicer Lena, Lena eeculen'ta,Phacoe,
 the Lentil, (F.) Lentille.  The seed, Phace, Pha'-
 een,  Phacus, is eaten in  many places like peas:
 they are flatulent and difficult of digestion.
    Ervum Plicatum, Ervum.
    ERYGE, Eructation.
    ERYXUIUM, Hpvyytov, Hpvyyos, see E. Aquat-
 icum.
    Eryn'gium Aquat'icum,Z?.yuccafo'lium, Water
 Eryn'go, Button Snake Root. Order, Umbelliferae.
 This root, Eryn'gium, (Ph. U. S.,) is nearly allied
 to the  contrayerva of the  shops, and acts more
 especially as a sudorific.  It is a secondary article
 in the  Pharm.  U. S.
    Eryngium  Campes'tre, E. vulga're, Centum
  Cap'ita, Lyrin'gium, Aeter inquina'lie, Capit'u-
 lum Martis,  Acne Ven'eria,  (F.) Panicaut, Char-
 don-Rolnnd, is sometimes used for E. maritimum.
    Eryngium Fcetidum; indigenous,  is said to
 possess properties like thoSe of valerian and con-
  trayerva.
    Eryngium Marit'imum  seu  Mari'num.   The
  Sea Holly or Eryngo, jEthe'rea Herba, (¥.)  Pa-
  nicaut Maritime.  Eryngo root has'a slightly  aro-
  matic odour, and sweetish and warm taste.  It is
  considered to be  diuretic and expectorant, but its
  powers are so weak, that it is scarcely ever used.
    Eryngium Vulgare, E. Campestre—e. Yuccse-
  foliuin,  E. aquaticum.
    ERYNGO,  SEA,  Eryngium maritimum — e.
  vVater, Eryngium aquaticum.
    ERYS'IMUM, E. officinale,  from'epvta, 'to
  draw,'  from its power of raising blisters.  Sieym'-
  brium  officina'le,  Chama'plion.  Hedge-muetard,
  (¥.) VSlar,  Tortelle, Herbe aux  Chantree.  This
  was, formerly, much used for its expectorant and
  diuretic qualities.  The seeds greatly resemble
  mustard.
    Erysimum Alliaria, Alliaria.
    Erysimum Barbare'a,  E. lyra'tum,  Ar'abie
  barbare'a. Sisymbrium barbare'a, Eru'ca barba-
  >r'a, Barbare'a, B. stric'ta, (¥.)  Herbe de Sainte
Barbe, has been  ranked amongst the antiscor-
butic plants.   See Alliaria.
  Erysimum Cordifolium, Alliaria—e. Lyratum,
E. barbarea.
  ERYSIPELA'CEA. Same etymon as the next
A family of eruptive  diseases, comprising erysi-
pelas, variola, rubeola, and scarlatina.
  ERA'SIP'ELAS, from spuw,  T draw in,' and
mXas, ' near,' from its  tendency to spread.  Febris
erysipelato'ea  seu  eryaipela'cea,  Erythrop'yra,
Em'phlysis Erysip'elae, St. Anthony'e fire, Wild-
fire,  Ignie Sancti  Anto'nii  seu  Columella  seu
Saeer, Hieropyr,  Icteril'ia  rubra,  Roee, Rnbea
icteril'ia,  Vicinitra'ha, Vicinitrac'tue,  Brunue,
Lugdue,  (¥.)  Eryeiplle, ErSsipele, Fen St. An-
toine, Feu sacrS, Mal Saint Antoine.   A disease,
so called because it generally extends gradually
to the neighbouring'parts.  Superficial inflamma-
tion of the skin, with general fever, tension and
swelling of the part;  pain and heat more or less
acrid; redness diffused, but more or less circum-
scribed, and disappearing when pressed upon by
the finger, but returning as soon as the pressure
is removed.   Frequently,  small  vesicles  appear
upon the inflamed part,  which dry up  and fall
off, under the form of branny scales.  Erysipelas
is, generally, an  acute  affection : its medium du-
 ration being from 10 to 14 days.  It yields, com-
 monly, to general refrigerant remedies.  Topical
 applications  are  rarely serviceable.  At times,
 when the  disease approaches  the  phlegmonous
 character, copious bleeding and  other evacuants
 may be required, as  in many cases  of erysipelas
 of the face; but this is not commonly necessary.
 In most cases, indeed, the  general action seems
 deficient, and it becomes necessary to give tonics.
   When erysipelas is  of a highly inflammatory
 character, and invades the parts  beneath, it is
 termed Erysip'elas phlegmono'des^(¥.) Eryeiplle
 phlegmoneux: when accompanied with phlyc-
 tenae, and  the inflammation terminates in gan-
 grene, Erysip'elas gangrano'sum, (F.) Erysiplle
 gangrSneux; and when associated with infiltra-
 tion of serum, Eryeip'elae cedamato'sum, (¥.) Ery-
 sipele ozdamateux.
   At times, the surface in erysipelas has a bronzed
 rather than a red hue—bronzed eryeipelae.
   Erysipelas, Bronzed, see Erysipelas—e. Gan-
 graenosum, see Erysipelas-—e. Gidematosum,  see
 Erysipelas—e. Phlegmonodes, see Erysipelas—e.
 Periodica nervosa chronica, Pellagra—e. Phlyc-
 tenoides, Herpes zoster — e.  Pustulosa^ Herpes
 zoster—e. Zoster, Herpes zoster.
   ERYSIPELATODES, Erysipelatous.
   ERYSIPEL'ATOUS,  Eryaipelato'dee,  Erysi-
  pelato'sus.  Belonging to erysipelas; as an ery-
  aipelatoue affection.
    Erysipelatous Jnflammatton, Inflamm'atio
  eryaipelato'aa, Epiphlogie'ma, Cutltie, Dermatl-
  tia, is the character of inflammation which distin-
  guishes erysipelas, Erythe'ma eryeipelato'eum.
    ERYSIPELE, Erysipelas — S. Ambulant, see
  Ambulant — S. GangrSneux, see Erysipelas — S.
  CEdemateux, see Erysipelas—S. Phlegmoneux, see
  Erysipelas — S. Serpigineux, see Serpiginous — 6.
  Puatuleux, Herpes zoster.
    ERYSOS, Erythema.
    ERYTHE'MA, from tpvopatos, tpvOpos, 'red, rose-
  coloured,' tpvOaivio, 'to redden.' Inflammatory blueh,
  Erythre'ma, (¥.) Erythlme.  This  name is, some-
  times, given to erysipelas, especially when of a local
  character. It is, also, applied to the morbid redness
  on the cheeks of the hectic, and on the skin cover-
  ing bubo, phlegmon, Ac.  It forms the 6th" genus of
  the  3d order, Exanthemata, of Bateman's classi-
  fication of cutaneous diseases; and is dcGned, 'a
  nearly continuous redness of some portion of tbe
  skin, attended with  disorder of tho con-titution, 
ERYTHEMATOUS
353
ESOTERIC
but not contagious.' Many varieties are described
by dermatologists, — for  example, E. intertrigo,
E. fttgax, E. papula'tum, E. tubercula'turn, E.
nodo'eum, E. lave, E. centrif ugum, E.  margina'-
'tiim. and E. acrodyn'ia.
   Erythema  Acrodynia, Acrodynum—e. Am-
bustio, Burn—e. Anthrax, Anthrax.
   Erythe'ma Centrif'ugum. A variety of  ery-
 thema attacking  the face,  commencing with a
 sina'.l  red spot, and spreading around, so as, at
 times, to affect the whole face.
   Erythema  Endemicum,  Pellagra —e. a  Fri-
 gore, Chilblain.
   Erythe'ma  Fugax.    Patches of  erythema,
 that sometimes appear on the body in febrile dis-
 eases, teething  children, Ac, and which are  of
 brief  duration.
   Erythema  Gangrenosum, Anthrax—e. Icho-
 ro-um, Eczema mereuriale--  e. Intertrigo, Chafing.
   Erythe'ma L^eve^F.) Erythlme ISger. Slight
 erythema affecting th'e skin, as in cedema.
   Erythe'ma Margina'tum, (F.) Erythlme mar-
 ginal. A form in which the prominent patches
 of erythema  are distinctly separated from the
 skin at their margins.
   Erythema Mercuriale, Eczema  mercuriale.
   Erythe'ma Nodo'sum, (F.) Erythlme noueux.
 A more severe form of Erythema tuberculatum.
   Erythe'ma Papula'tum, (F.) Erythlme papu-
 leux.  Patches of erythema, which are  at first po-
 pulated, appearing on the face, neck, breast, Ac,
 of females^and young persons more especially.
   Erythema Pellagrum,  Pellagra — e. Pernio,
 Chilblain.
   Erythe'ma Sola're.  A name given by the
 Italians to  Pellagra, owing  to  its being attendedj
 with  an eruption of small red spots or  patches on
 the parts that are exposed to the sun.
    Erythe'ma(Tubercula'tum, E. tuberciil6uaum,
 (¥.) Erythlme titberculeux.   A form of erythema
 in which the patches are in small lumps.
    ERYTHEMATOUS, Erythemat'ic,  Erythema-
 to'sua, Erythemalicus,  (¥.) Erythemateux.   Ap-
 pertaining or relating to Erythema.
    ERYTHEME, Erythema—S. LSger, Erythe-
  ma laeve—S.  Marginal, Erythema marginatum—
 S.  Xoiieux, Erythema  nodosum—S.  Papuleux,
  Erythema papulatum—S. Tuberculeux, Erythema
  tuberculatum.
    ERYTHR^EA CENTAURIUM, Chironia cen-
  taurium — e.  Chilensis,  Canchalagua,  Chironia
  Chilensrs.
    ERYTHR.EMTA.Plethora.
    ERYTHRAN'CHE,   Angina eryaipelato'aa,
  from tpvOpos, 'red,' and ay^w, 'I suffocate.'  Ery-
  sipelatous or erythematous  sore throat.
    ERYTHREMA, Erythema.
    ERYTHRINA MONOSPERMA, Butea  fron-
  dosa.
    ERYTHR0CHO3RAS, Cynanche parotidaea.
    ERYTHRODANUM, Rubia.
    ER'YTHROID,  Erythro'des, Erythroi'des.
  Reddish.
    Ekythroid Coat,  Tu'nica erythro'dea.  Vagi-
 nal coat  of the testis.
    Er'ythroid  Ves'icle, Veaic'ula Erythro'i'dea.
 A vesicle of the foetus described by Pockels and
 others.   It is pyriform,  and much  longer than,
 although of the  same breadth  as, the umbilical
 vesicle.  Velpeau, Weber,  and  others, doubt its
 being a physiological condition.
   ERYTIIRONIUM, E. Americanum.
   Ekythro'nium America'num, E. flavum  seu
 dens  canis sen liinceola'tttm  seu long ifo'Hum, Com-
 mon  Erythro'ninm, (from  tpvOpos,  'red,' which
 does not. however, apply to the American species,)
 Yellow Snake-leaf, Yellow Adder's tongue, Adder-  \
 leaf,  Dog violet, Dog'e  tooth violet, Rattlesnake  '..
        23
violet, Lamb's tongue,  Scrofula root,  Yellow
Snowdrop.   Ord. Liliaceae.   This plant is pos-
sessed of emetic properties, but is rarely, if ever,
used.   The  root and herb, Erythro'nium,  (Ph.
U. S.,) are in the secondary list of the Pharma-
copoeia of the United States.
  Erythronium Dens Canis, E. Americanum —
e. Flavum,  E. Americanum—e. Lanceolatum, E,
Americanum—e. Longifolium, E. Americanum.
  ERYTHROPHLEUM  JUDICIALE, Sassy
bark tree.
  ERYTHROPYTRA, Erysipelas.
  ERYTHRORRHIZA  ROTUNDIFOLIA, Ga-
lax aphylla.
  ERYTHROSIS,  Plethora.
  ES'APHE, from tea<pu&>, (tta, and atpaio, 'I feel,')
'I feel inside,' (F.) Le Toucher, Le Toucher vagi-
nal.  The introduction of a finger or fingers into
the vagina,  for the  purpose  of examining the
condition of the uterus.  It is employed to verify
the existence or non-existence of pregnancy and
its different  stages ; to detect certain affections or
faults of conformation'in the genital organs and
pelvis; and, during the process of accouchement,
to examine into the progress of labour, Ac.
  ESCA, Aliment.
  ESCARA, Eschar.
  ESCARGOT, Helix pomatia, Limax.
  ESCHALOTTE, Echalotte.
  ESCHAR, Es'chara, toxupa, (Old ¥ng.) Asker,
a. slough, a crust or scab.  The crust  or disor-
ganized  portion, arising from the mortification of
a part, and which  is  distinguishable  from -tho
living parts by its  colour, consistence, and other
physical properties.  The inflammation which  it
excites in the contiguous parts, gives occasion to
a secretion  of pus between the living and  dead
parts, which ultimately completely separates the
latter.
  ESCHARA, Vulva.
  ESCHAROT'IC, Eschar ol icum, from toxapa,
 ' eschar.' Any substance, which, when applied
upon a living part, gives rise to an eschar, such
as  caustic potassa:  the  concentrated  mineral
acids, Ac
  Escharotic Poison, see Poison.
  ESCHELLOHE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
 This water  rises at the  foot of a mountain  near
 the convent of Etal in Bavaria.  It is a sulphuro-
 q 3,1 in g
   ESCHID'NA OCELLATA.  A very poisonous
viper, which  inhabits  the sugar-cane  fields of
 Peru.  Its bite is almost instantaneously fatal.
   ESCORZONERA, Scorzonera.
   ESCREVISSE, Crab.
   ESCULAPIAN, Medical.
   ES'CULENT,  Esculen'tus,  Ed'ible,  Eat'able,
 Ciba'riou8,  from eaca,  'food.'  (F.) Comeatible.
 Such plants or such parts of plants or animals as
 may be  eaten for food.
   ESERE, Ordeal nut.
   ESKIN,  Singultus.
   ESO,  too>, 'within.'   A prefix which  signifies
 an  affection of an internal part; as  Eaoenterltia,
inflammation of the inner membrane of the intes-
tines:— Eaogaatrlti8, inflammation  of the inner
membrane of  the stomach, Ac.
  ESOCHAS, Esoche.
  ES'OCllE, Ea'ochae.  A tumour—as a hemor-
rhoid—within the anus.
  ESOCOLITIS, Dysentery.
  ESODIC, Afferent.
  ESOENTERITIS, see Enteritis.
  ESOGASTRITIS, Endogastritis.
  ESOTER'IC,  tourtpos,  'interior,' from  tom,
'within.' Private ; interior; in  contradistinction
to Exoter'ic, public, exterior.  Hence, we ?peak
of ' eaoteric  and exoteric causes of disease.' 
ESOTERISM               354                  ETAGE
  ES'OTERISM, MED'ICAL.  Same etymon as
Esoteric.  A term used by M. Simon, in his DS-
vntologie mSdicale, for that esotery, or mystery
und secresy, with which the practitioner performs
his daily duties, and which, he conceives, he is
compelled to adopt by the prejudices  and igno-
rance of his patients.
   ESP ACES INTERCOSTAUX, see Costa.
   ESPECES, Species, see Pulvis — e. PulvSru-
lentee, se<" Pulvis.
   ESPECES YULNERAIRES; Falltranck.
   E.SPHLA'SIS. from ts, tts, 'inwards,' and ipXaw,
'I break, bruise,' Ac  A fracture of the skull by
comminution, the fragments   being depressed.
See Depression, and  Enthlasis.
   ESPRIT, Spirit—e. d'Ammoniaqite, Spiritus
ammoniae—e. d'Anie, Spiritus anisi—e. de Boie,
Spiritus Pyroxylicus—e.  de  Camphre, Spiritus
campborae—e. de Cannelle, Spiritus cinnamomi—
e. de Carvi, Spiritus carui—e. d'Ether Sulfurique,
Spiritus aetheris sulphurici compositus—e. de Ge-
nilme compoaS, Spiritus juniperi compositus—e.
d'lva, Achillea moschata—e. de Lavande, Spiritus
lavandulae — e.  de  Lavaude   composS, Spiritus
lavandulae  compositus — e.  de  Menthe poivrS,
Spiritus menthae piperitae—e. de Mnacade, Spiri-
tus myristicae—e. de Pouliot, Spiritus pulegii—e.
Pyroxyliqite,  Spiritus  pyroxylicus — e. de Rai-
fort compose, Spiritus armoraciae compositus—e.
de Romarin, Spiritus rosmarini—e. de Vin dSlayS,
Spiritus tenuior—e.  de Vin rectiflS, Spiritus rec-
tificatus.
   ESPRITS ANIMAUX, Nervous fluid.
   ESQUILLE, Splinter.
   ESQUINANCIE, Cynanche,  Cynanche ton-
sillaris.
   ESQUINE, Smilax China.
   ES'SEXCE, Eseen'/ia, corrupted from exiaten-
tia, 'standing out,' [?] or, from ease, 'to be.'  By
some, used synonymously with volatile oil; by
others, with aimjyle tincture.  The oil. of pepper-
mint  is the  oil obtained by distillation;  the
eaxence, the oil diluted with spirit.  See Tinctura
olei menthae.
   Essknce of Anise, Essentia anisi—e. of Bar-
dana, Hill's, Tincturi  guaiaci  ammoniata—e. of
Caraway, Essentia Carui—e. of Cinnamon, Essen-
tia-Cinnamomi—e. of Coltsfoot, see Tinctura ben-
zoini composita—e. of Fennel, Essentia Fceniculi
— e.  of Musk, Tinctura moschi — e. of Mustard
Pills, Whitehead's, see Sinapis — e. of Mustard,
Whitehead's,  see Sinapis — e. of  Pennyroyal,
Essentia menthae pulegii—e. of Peppermint, Tinc-
tura olei menthae piperitae—e.  of Pimento, Essen-
tia Pimentae—e. of  Rosemary, Essentia Rosma-
rini— e.  of Roses,  see Rosa centifolia—e.  of
 Spearmint, Tinctura olei menthae viridis — e. of  \
 Spruce, see Pinus Abies.
   ESSENCES, Olea volatilia.
   ESSENTIA,  Essence, Tincture —e. Abietis,
 see Pinus  abies — e.  Aloes,  Tinctura  aloes — e.
Absinthii amara, Tinctura A. composita—e. Ab-
 sinthii composita, Tinctura A. composita.
   Essen'tia  Ani'si,  Essence of Anise.   (Ol.
 Aniai,  fgj;  Sp.  rectif. fgix. M.  Ph.D.)  Dose,
Tt\,xx to ffij, as a carminative.
   Essentia  Antimonii seu Stibii, Vinum anti-
monii tartarizati—e. Antiseptica Huxhami, Tinc-
tura cinchonae composita—e. Aromatica, Tinctura
cinnamomi composita.
   Essentia  Carui, Eaaence of Car'away.  (Ol.
 Carui  f.^j;  Sp. rectif. f^ix.  Ph.  D.)   Dose,
gtt. xx to f^j, as a carminative.
   Essentia  Castorei, Tinctura  castorei—e. Ca-
tholica purgans  Rothii, Tinctura jalapii compo-
sita— e. de Cedro, Oleum  cedrinum — e.  Chinae,
Tinctura cinchonae  composita — e. Cinnamomi,
Tinctura cinnamomi.
   Essentia Cinnamo'mi, Eeeence of Cinnamon.
 (Ol.  Cinnam. f Jj;  Sp. red.  f^ix.  M.)  Dose,
 gtt. x to XX.
   Essentia Fosnic'uli, Eaaence of Fennel.  (Ol.
 Fcenic. f§j; Alcohol, fgix, M.  Ph. D.)  Dose,
| gtt. xx to f3J.
I   Essentia Mi:nth.s  Piperita,  Tinctura  olei
j menthae piperitae.
;   Essentia Mentha Pulf/gii, Eaaence of Penny
j royal.  (01, Pttleg. f%j ; Sp. rectif. fgix.  Ph. D.'
 Dose, gtt. xv to  xxx.
j   Essentia Menthje Viridis, Tinctura olei men
1 thiv viridis.
   EsSRNTIA MYRIST'lCJS MoSCHA'TjE,  Essence of
 Nutmeg.   (Ol, Myrist. f Jjj; Sp. rectif. fgix. M.
 Ph. D.)  Dose, gtt. xx—xxx.
   Essentia Xeroli, see  Citrus aurantium — e
 Corticis Peruvioni antiseptica Huxhami, Tinctura
 cinchonae composita—e. Corticis Peruviani com-
 posita, Tinctura  cinchonae amara.
   Essentia Pimen't.*:, Essence of Pimen'to.  (Ol
*Piment. f%\;  Sp. rectif. fgix.  M. Ph. D.)  Dose.
 gtt. xxx ad lx.
   Essentia Rosmari'ni, Essence of Rnse'mary
 (01. Rosmari'ni f gj; Sp. rectif. f^ix.  M. Ph. D.)
 Dose, gtt. xxx ad gtt. lx.
I   ESSENTIAL, Eeeentia'lie.  The word essential
| has been applied to the immediate or active prin-
I ciples of vegetables, which were believed to be
I endowed with the properties  of the plants from
 which they were extracted.  Essential oil was so
] called because it was regarded as the only imme-
 diate principle which was eesential.  This expres-
 sion is retained.   Essential  salts are true salts or
 extracts which exist, ready fdrmed, in vegetables;
 and which are obtained by distillation, incinera-
 tion, or some other process.
   An essential disease is synonymous with a ge-
 neral disease ; that is, one not depending on any
 local*affection,—not symptomatic.   See Entity.
   ES'SERA, Ea'eere, Sora, Saire, Sare, Morbus
 porci'nua,  Rosa  saltans,  Urtica'ria parcel! ana,
 (F.)  Ampoulea,  Porcelaine.   Of  Arabic  deriva-
 tion.  A species of cutaneous eruption,  consist-
 ing of small, reddish  tubercles over the whole
 body,  accompanied by a  troublesome  itching.
 It seems  to be  a variety of lichen or urticaria.
 See Lichen tropicus.
   ESSIEU, Axis.
   ESSO UFELEMENT, Anhelatio.
   ESTHEMA, Vestitus.
   ESTHESIS,vVestitus.
   ESTHIOMENE, Esthiomenus.
   ESTHIOM'ENUS, Estiom'enue, from todae, T
 eat.'  Ex'cdena.  (¥.) Esthiomlne.  That which
 devours or eats  away.  Certain ulcers and erup-
 tions—Dartrea rongeuntea—are so called.
   ESTIVAL,  ASstlvua;  from  astna,  astatia,
 'summer.' Happening in  summer, belonging to
 summer.   This  epithet is  given to eumnier dis-
 eaeee, so called because they reijrn at that season,
 and  appear to  depend on the influence exerted
 by it on  the animal  eeonomy.  In the  United
 States,  the term eummer  disease or  complaint
 means  disorder  of the bowels;  as diarrhaa,
 cholera morbus,  Ac.
   ESTOMAC, Stomach.
   ESTRAGON, Artemisia dracunculus.
   ESULA CYPARISSIAS. Euphorbia cyparis-
 sias — e. Major, Euphorbia palustris — e.  Minor.
 Euphorbia cyparissias.    ,
   ESULE, GRANDE, Euphorbia lathyria.
   ESURIES, Hunger.
   ESURIGO, Hunger.
   ESURITIO, Hunger.
   ESYTHIA, Acinesia,
   ETAGE, Stage. 
tTAIN                  355            E~TO UFFEMENT
  ^TAIN, Tin—S. de Glace, Bismuth—S. Grie,
Bismuth.
  ETAT, Acme—S. Granuleux du Rein, Kidney,
Bright's Disease of the.
  £TERNUEMENT, Sneezing.
  ETESTICULATIO, Castration.
  ETHER, iEther, .Ether sulphuricus—e. Acetic,
see either—e. AcStique, see Jither sulphuricus—
e.  Azoteux,  see iEther sulphuricus — e. Azoteux
9lcooliaS, Spiritus aetheris nitrici.
  Ether, Chloric,  see Chloroform.  Under the
names concentrated chloric ether and etrong chlo-
ric ether— a compound  of pure chloroform and
nearly absolute alcohol, in the proportion of one-
third of the former to two-thirds of the latter—
has been used as an anaesthetic by inhalation, in
the same cases as sulphuric ether and chloroform.
It is properly an alcoholic eolation or tincture of
chloroform.
   Ether,  Chlorohydric,  Chlorinated,   see
JEther muriaticus—S. Chlorohydrique, see iEther
sulphuricus—S. Chlorohydrique chlorS, see ..Ether
muriaticus.
   Ether, Compound.  A preparation  consisting
of  a solution of chloroform in  aulphuric ether,
which has been used as an  anaesthetic by inhala-
tion, in the  same cases as chloroform.
   ETHER, HYDRATIQUE, .Ether sulphuricus
—e. Hydriodic, iEther hydriodicus—e.  Hydrique
alcoolisS, Spiritus aetheris sulphurici compositus
—e.  Hydrochloric, see iEther—e. Hydrochloric,
Spirit of, Spiritus  aetheris  muriatici—e. Hydro-
cyanic,  iEther   hydroeyanicus — e.  Iodhydric,
./Ether hydriodicus1—e. Marine, iEther muriaticus
— e. Muriatic, .Ether muriaticus — e.  Muriatic,
spirit of, Spiritus aetheris muriatici—S. Nitreux,
see either sulphuricus—e. Nitric, see iEther—e.
Nitrique, see iEther sulphuricus—e. Nitrous, see
iEther — e. Phosphoric,  see iEther — e. Prussic,
either hydroeyanicus—e. Rectifieff, iEther  sul-
phuricus—S. Sulfurique,  iEther sulphuricus—e.
Sulfurique alcoolisS, Spiritus aetheris sulphurici
compositus—e. Sulphuric, iEther sulphuricus—e.
Terebinthinated, iEther  terebinthinatus—S. Vi-
triolique, /Ether  sulphuricus,
   ETHEREAL,  .Ethereal.
   E THERE, .Ethereal.
   ETHEREOUS, .Ethereal.
   ETHERINE, HYDROCYANATE OF. .Ether
hydroeyanicus—e. Muriate of,  iEther muriaticus.
   ETHERISM.  The aggregate of phenomena
induced by the inhalation of ether—^Etheriem'u8.
   ETHERIZATION, ^Etheriaa'tio.  The admi-
nistration  of ether by  inhalation, as  an  anaes-
thetic
   ETHERIZED, JEtheriea'tne.  Presenting the
phenomena induced by the inhalation of ether.
   ETHEROLAT, EthSrat. The product of the
distillation of ether on aromatic substances.
   ETHEROLATURE, see Tincture.
   ETHER OLE.  A liquid medicine formed of
ether and medicinal principles united with it by
direct solution or simple mixture.—B6ral.
   EthSrolS d'eeeence de tSrSbinthine.  See Liquor
anodynus terebinthinatus.
   ETHEROLIQUE,  Etherol'ic.   A  medicine
which has ether for excipient.—BSral.
   ETHEROLOTIF.    An etherolic  medicine
which is exclusively employed externally.
   ETHICS, MEDICAL, Deontology, medical.
   ETHIK, Hectic.
   ETHIOPIAN, see Homo.
   ETHIOPS, see ^thiops.
   ETHISIS, Filtration.
  ETHLSMUS,  Filtration.
  ETUMOCEPHALE,   Ethm^eeph'alue ;  from
n'uos, 'a sieve,'  'the  ethmoidal portion of the
 nose,' and xttpaXn, 'head.'  A genus of monsters,
 with eyes close together, but distinct; the nasal
 apparatus atrophied and rudimental. — I. G. St.
 Hilaire.
   ETH'MOID, Ethmo'dee, Ethmoi'dee, EthmoV-
 dette, from  nBpos, 'a  sieve,'  and  ttios,  'fosui.'
 Shaped like a sieve.
   Ethmoid Bone, Oe ethmo'ideum seu multifor'mZ
 seu epongio'eum seu apongoi'dee seu cribro'sum
 seu cribrifor'me seu cu'bicum seu  criata'tum seu
 foraminulen'tum seu colifor'me seu colato'rium,
 (¥.)  Oa cribleux.  One of the eight bones which
 compose the cranium; so called, because its upper
 plate is pierced by a considerable  number  of
 holes.  The ethmoid bone  is  situate at the ante-
 rior, inferior, and middle part of the base of the
 cranium.  It seems to be composed  of a multitude
 of thin, fragile, semi-transparent laminae, which
 form more or less spacious cells, called the Eth-
 moidal labyrinth or  cella, distinguished into ante-
 rior and poaterior.  These communicate with the
 nose, and are  lined by a prolongation  of the
 pituitary membrane.* The ethmoid bone  is con-
 stituted of compact tissue, and is surrounded by
 the Ethmoid suture.  It is articulated with the
 frontal and sphenoidal bones, the cornua sphenoi-
 dalia, the auperior maxillary bones, the palate
 bones, the oaea turbinata inferiora, the vomer, the
 proper bonea of the noae, and the lachrymal bona.
   ETHMOID'AL, Ethmoida'lis.   Belonging to
i the ethmoid bone; as, Ethmoidal cella, E. suture,
 Ac.  The Ethmoidal apoph'yaia or proceaa is the
 advanced part of the sphenoid bone, which articu-
 lates with the ethmoid.  The ethmoidal arteriea
 are two in number, the anterior of which arises
 from the ophthalmic artery.  The origin of the
 other varies. The Echancrure ethmoidale of the os
 frontis receives the ethmoid bones.   The Ethmoi-
 dal veine correspond to the arteries.
   ETHMOSE, Cellular tissue.
   ETHMOSYNE, Habit.
   ETHMYPHE, Cellular tissue.
   ETHMYPHI'TIS, Inflamma'tio tela cellvlo'sa,
 from nSpos, 'a  sieve,' 'vtpn,  'texture,' and itie, de-
 noting inflammation.  Inflammation of the cel-
 lular membrane.
   ETHMYPHOTYLOSIS, Induration of the eel
 lular tissue.
   ETHNOG'RAPHY, Ethnograph'ia; from tBvos,
 'nation,' and ypaipn, 'a description.'  A  history
 of the races and families of  man.
   ETHNOL"OGY, Ethnolof'ia; from t&vos, 'na-
 tion,' and Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  The science of
 the races and families of man.
   ETHOS, Habit.
   ETHUSE,  iEthusa cynapium — i.  Meum,
 .SSthusa meum.
   ETHYLE, CHLORIDE OF, Mthir muri-
 aticus—e. Cyanuret of, .Ether hydroeyanicus.
   ETICK, Hectic.
   ETIOLATION,  Blanching, (¥.)  Etiolement.
 That state of plants which occurs in consequence
 of privation of light, when they become pale and
 watery.   In pathology, it is sometimes used to
 denote the paleness produced in those persons
 who have been kept long without light;  or  »
 similar paleness, the result of chronic disease.
   ETIOLEMENT, Etiolation.
   ETIOLOGY, .Etiologia.
   ETIQUETTE, MEDICAL. Deontology, me-
 dical.
   ETISE, Hectisis — S. MSsentSrique, Tabes me-
 senterica.
   ETNAGH-BERRIES, see Juniperus commu-
 nis.
   ETOILE, Stella.
   ETONNEE, StuDned.
   ETOUFFEMENT, Suffocation. 
fiTOUPE               356             EUPATORIUM
  iTOUPE, Stupa.
  ETOURDISSEMENT, Vertigo.
  ETRANGLE-LOUP, Paris.
  ETRANGLEMENT, Strangulation, Hysteria
—S. dea Inteetina, Entereinphraxis.
  ETRANGUILLON, from  Strangler,  'to
strangle.'  An ancient French appellation for a
violent  angina accompanied  by  symptoms  of
imminent  asphyxia.
  ETRIER,  Stapes.
  ETRON, Abdomen, Hypogastrium.
  ETRON'CUS, from  nrpov,  'the  lower  belly,'
and oyKos, 'a tumour.'  A tumour of the lower
belly.
  ETTICK, Hectic fever.
  ETTLE, Urtica.
  ETUI DE L'HIPPOCAMPE.  A name given
by Vicq d'Azyr to the upper part of the sphe-
noidal portion of the lateral ventricle  of  the
brain, which  is bounded by the lateral cornu of
the corpus callosum.
  ETUVE, Stove—S. Httmide, Bath, vapour.
  ETUVER, to Foment.
  EU, tv,  'good, proper,' when prefixed to words.
Hence:
  EU^E'MIA, from  tv, and  'aipa,  'blood.'   A
good  condition of the blood.
  EU.ESTHE'SIA, from  tv,  and atoQnois, 'per-
ception.' Vigorous perception, A good condition
of tbe perceptive faculties.
  EUiESTHETOS.   Same etymon.  One whose
tenses are'in  full vigor.
  EUANALEP'SIS, from tv, and avaXntpis, 're-
covery.'   Rapid restoration to strength.
  EUANTHEMON, Anthemis nobilis.
  EUCALYPTUS  MANNIF'ERA, (tv,  'well,'
and  kuXvittos, 'covered.')  From this Australian
species, Order, Myrtaceae, a manna-like substance
exudes, which has similar properties to manna.
  Eucalyptus Resinifera, see Kino.
  EUCIIRGS'A, from tv, and X90la> 'colour.'  A
good  or healthy colour of the skin. A good
appearance of the surface.
  EUCHYM'IA, from'su, and xvuos> 'juice.'  A
good  state of the humours.
  -EUCRA'SIA, from  tv, and xpaas, 'tempera-
ment.'  A good temperament.
  EUDIAPNEUSTIA,  from tvitairvtvoros,  (tv,
and iiairvon,—iia, and nvon, 'breath);' 'one who
breathes well.' Easy transpiration.
  EUECTICA (medicina), Gymnastics.
  EUEL'CES, from  tv, and 'iXkos, 'an nicer.'
One  in whom wounds and  ulcers  are  readily
healed.
  EU'EMES, Eu'e'm'etoe,  from  tv, and eutia, '1
vomit.'  That  which  readily excites vomiting.
One who vomits with facility.
  EUETHES, Benign.
  EUEX'IA, from tv, and  'tin, 'constitution.'
A good constitution.
  EUPRAISE, Euphrasia officinalis.
  EUGE'NIA CARYOPHYLLATA, called after
Prince Eugene. Garrophyl'lue, Caryophyllue aro-
rnat'icue, Myrtiie caryophyl'lua.  The Indian  tree
which affords the clove.  Order, Myrtaceae.   The
 Clove, Caryophyl'lua, C. aromat'icua, is the unex-
panded bud, (F.) Girofle, GSrofle, Gyrophle, Clou
de  Girofle.   Its odour is strong, aromatic,  and
peculiar;  taste, pungent and acrid.  Like all
substances whose virtue  depends upon essential
oil, it is stimulant and carminative.   It is gene-
rally used as a corrigent to other remedies,  and
in cases where substances containing the essen-
tial oils are demanded.  The  oil — (F.) Huile de
GSrofle;'Oleum caryophyl'li, Oil if Cloves—has
the properties of the cloves.
  Eugenia Pimenta, Myrtus  pimenta.
  EUGION, Hymen.
  EULE, tvXn, 'a worm.' Eula, tvXat, with Hip-
pocrates, meant especially worms bred in a wound
or ulcer.
  EULOPHIA, see Salep.
  EUNUCH, Eunu'chus, from  twij, 'the bed,'
and tx<*> 'I keep.'   Hemian'drus, Hemianor, He-
mianthro'pue,  Semimas, Semimas'cuius,   Semi-
mascula'tus, Semivir, Thla'dias, Thla'aias,  Thlib'-
iae,  Caetra'tue, Gallue,  Excaetra'ttte,  Erira'tue,
Emaacula'tue,  Spado,  Exeec'tus, Extesticula'tue,
Extom'iue.   (¥.)  Eimuque.   One  whose  organs
of generation have been removed, or so altered,
that he is rendered incapable of reproducing his
species, or of exercising the act of venery.  Eu-
nuchs  were  common with the ancient Romans.
In Italy, this horrible mutilation still takes place
to improve the voice; and  in the East, eunuchs
have the eurveillance of  the seraglio.
  EUNUCniSMUS, Castration.
  EUNUCHIUM MECONIS, Lactuca.
  EUNUCHUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
  EUNUQUE, Eunuch.
  EUODES, Beneolentia.
  EUONYMUS, Quassia simarouba.
  Euon'ymus  America'nus,  Strawberry biieh,
Strawberry  tree,  Burning bueh, Indian  arrow-
wood.   A shrub  of the  Ord. Celastraceae, Sex.
Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia,  which,  like  the
next, is found throughout the United States and
Canada; flowering from May to June.
  Euon'ymus  Atropurpu'reus, Burning bueh,
Spindle tree, Indian Arrow-wood, flowers from
June to July.
  From these varieties of Euonymus the  Wahoo
or Whahoo dark is said to be obtained. It is diu-
retic, antiperiodic, tonic, and a hydragogue ca-
thartic, and  has been Used in dropsy in infusion,
in the  proporj^on  of an ounce to a pint of water.
  EUPATHI'A, from tv, and ira$of, 'suffering.'
A disposition for being affected by pain easily.
Also, a good state  of health—Euphor'ia.
  EUPATOIRE  D'AVICENNE, Eupatorium
cannabinum—c. Percefeuille, Eupatorium perfo-
liatum.
  EUPATORIUM, (called after Mithridates Eui
pator,) Eupatorium perfoliatum.
  Eupato'rium Ageratoi'des, E. Urticifo'lium,
Age'ratum altiss'iiiium, White Snakeroot;  indige-
nous; flowering in August and September;  has the
same properties as Eupatorium perfoliatum.
   Eupatorium Aromat'icum, Aromat'ic Eupato'-
rium or Hempweed, has  similar properties.
   Eupato'rium  Cannab'inum,  Eupato'rium,  E.
Arab'icum seu Japon'icum seu trifolia'tum,  E.
of Avicen'na,  Cannab'ina aquat'ica,  Trifo'lium
cervlnum,  Orig'anum aquat'icum, Hemp ag'ri-
mony,  Herb  of Saint  Cunegonde,  (¥.) Eupatoire
d'Avicenne.   Ord. Compositae.   Sex. Syat. Syn-
genesia aequalis.   The juice of this plant proves
violently emetic and purgative, if taken in suffi-
cient quantity.  It has been considered diuretic,
cathartic, and emetic.
   Eupatorium Connatum,  E. perfoliatum—e.
Guaco, Guaco*—e. Japonicnm, E. Cannabinum—"
e. Mesues, Achillea ageratum.
   Eupatorium  Perfolia'tum, E.  Conna'tum,
Boneeet, Thor'oughwort, Thor'oughetem,   Thor-
ough wax, Veg"etable ant'imony, Croeewort, Ague-
weed,  Feverwort,   Indian eage, Joe-pye,  Teazel,
Sweating plant,  (¥.) Eupatoire percefeuille, is a
plant which grows in low, wet meadows through-
out  the United States.   The tops and leaves—
Eupato'rium, (Ph. U.  S.) — are considered to be
stimulating,  tonic, emetic,  purgative, diuretic,
and sudorific.  Dose, gr. xv of the powder, as a
gentle purgative.
   Eupatorium, Purple-Stalked, E. purpurcum. 
EUPEPSIA              357         EUSOMPHALIEN
  Eupatorium Purpu'reum, Mohawk tassel, Pur-
plestalked Eupato'rium, Trumpet weed, Joe Pye-
weed, Gravelroot, is used in similar cases, as well as
  Eupatorium  Rotundifo'lium,  Round-leaved
Hempweed, Wild horehound;
  Eupatorium Sessilifo'lium,  Upland Boneeet,
and
  Eupatorium Teucrifo'lium,  Wild horehound,
Germander-leaved horehound, Rough boneeet.
  Eupatorium Trifoliatum, E. Cannabinum —
e. Urticifolium,' E. ageratoides.
  EUPEP'SIA, from tu,  and mnrta, T digest.'
A good digestion.   The antithesis to dyspepsia.
  EUPEPTIC, Eupep'tue, Eupcp'ticue.  Same
etymon. _  Relating  to a good digestion.  One en-
dowed with a good  digestion.
  EUPHLO'GIA, from tv, and  tpXtyto, 'I burn.'
Mild inflammation.   Variola.
  EU'PHONY, Eupho'nia, from  tv, and  iputvn,
' voice.'  An agreeable or regular voice.
  EUPHORBE CYPRES, E. cyparissias—e. dea
Marais, E. palustris—e. Vomitive, E. ipecacuanha.
  EUPHOR'BIA  CAPITATA, Caacica.   Ord.
Euphorbiaceae.  Called after Euphorbus,  phy-
sician to king Juba.  A Brazilian plant, which is
strongly astringent and  not  poisonous.   It is
considered to be one of the  best remedies for the
bites of serpents.   It is,  also, called Colubri'na
Luaitan'ica.
  Euphorbia Caput Medu's^e.  A South African
plant, with which, according to  Bruce, the  wild
inhabitants poison their arrows.  The Ethiopians
use, for the same purpose,  Euphor'bia heptago'na,
E. viro'sa, and  E. cereifornl ia ; the savages, in
the most southern part of  America,  the sap of E.
cotinifo'Iia.                        ,
  Euphorbia Cereiformis, see  Euphorbia caput
Medusae.
  Euphorbia Corolla'ta, Large flowering
epurge,  Milkweed,  Snakee' milk,  Ipecacua.n'ha,
Hippo,  Picac, Ip'ecac, Milk purelain, Purge root,
Emet'ic root, Bowman's root, Apple root, Indian
Phyaic ; indigenous; has similar properties to the
last.  The dose of the root is the same.   •
  Euphorbia Cotinifolia, see Euphorbia caput
Medusae.
  Euphorbia  Cyparis'sias,  E.   Cypress'ina,
Es'ula minor seu Cyparissiaa, Tithym'alus Cypa-
rie'aiae, Cypreea apurge, Welcome  to our house, (¥.)
Euphorbe  cyprls.  This, like most of the spurges,
is very acrimonious.  Amongst the rustics, it
was forjnerly called poor man'e rhubarb, and was,
consequently, a laxative.  It is not used.
  Euphorbia Cypressina, E. Cyparissias.
  Euphorbia Helioscop'ia, E. obtura'ta,  Sun
epurge,  Wartwort spurge;  indigenous.  The juice
has been given in syphilis.  It is said to be ca-
thartic.
  Euphorbia Heptagona, see Euphorbia caput
Medusae.
  Euphorbia  Hypericifo'lia,  Large  spotted
spurge, Eyebright.  A native of the United States.
It is astringent and tonic.  Used  in infusion —
fjss to Oj of boiling water.  Dose,  a tablespoon-
ful.  Euphorbia Macula'ta,  Milk  Purslane,
Spotted spurge, has  similar properties.
  Euphorbia Ipecacuan'ha, Anisophyllitm Ipe-
cacuanha, Ipecacuanha spurge, Wild ip'ecac. (¥.)
Euphorbe  vomitive.  This species  of  spurge  is
common in the southern and middle parts of the
United States.   The root is a powerful emetic, in
the  dose of from five  to  fifteen grains: twenty
grains act as  a cathartic  likewise.  In large
doses, it acts as a narcotico-acrid.               ,
  Euphorbia Lath'yris.   The systematic name ,
of the plant  which  affords the  lesser catapu'tia j
seeds, Catapu'tia minor, Caper Spurge, Lath'yris,
Gar'den  »pttr.,c,  Caper plant,  Mole-plant  Tt- II
thym'alus  latifu'liue  seu  lath'yris, Galarhce us n
 Lath'yris,  (¥.) E'pttrge ou  grande Estile.  The
 seeds  possess cathartic properties, and an  ex-
 pressed  oil of  the seeds — O'leum Enjihor'bt'x
 Lathyr'idie, (¥.) Huile d'Spurge—has been given
 as a cathartic in  the dose  of six to twelve drops.
   Euphorbia Maculata, see E. hypericifolia —
 e.  Myrtifolia,  Pedilanthus  tithymaloides— e.
 Obturata, E. helioscopia.
   Euphorbia  Officina'rum.   The  systematic
 name  of the plant which affords the Ettphor'bium,
 Euphor'bia gummi-rSslna,  Gummi euphorbia, in
 greatest abundance.  The euphorbium  is an in-
 odorous gum-resin, in yellow  tears, which have
 the appearance  of being  worm-eaten.   It enters
 into the composition of  some  plasters, and  has
 been used as an errhine.
   Euphorbia  Palus'tris,  E. panicula'ta,
 Greater spurge, Es'ula major, Titnym'alua palua'-
 tria, Galarhoe'ua palua'tria,  Alarah epurge,  Wret-
 weed,  (¥.) Euphorbe  dee marais.  The juice is
 given, in Russia, as a common purge.  It is used,
 too, as an irritant in tinea, warts, Ac.
   Euphorbia Palustris and E. Villo'sa, or E.
 Pilo'sa have been brought forward as preven-
 tives  of  hydrophobia—the  bitten part  being
 washed with a decoction,  and, at the  same time,
 the decoction being taken internally.
   Euphorbia Paniculata, E. palustris.
   Euphorbia Paral'ias, Tithym'alus  paralias,
 Sea spurge.  This is violently cathartic  and irri-
 tating, and is seldom used.
   Euphorbia Peplus, Petty epurge ; indigenous.
 The powdered root is actively cathartic.  It  has
 been given in dropsy.
   Euphorbia Pilosa, see Euphorbia palustris —
 e. Tithymaloides, Pedilanthus tithymaloides — e.
 Villosa, see Euphorbia palustris — e. Virosa, sec
 Euphorbia caput Medusae.
   7/20"  All the spurges are vesicant and rubefa-
 cient,  when applied externally.
   EUPHORBIUM, Euphorbia officinarum.
   EUPHORIA, Eupathia.
   EUPHRAGIA, Euphrasia officinalis.
   EUPHRA'SIA  (tvtppaota,   cheerfulness;   so
 called from its effects), E.  Officina'lis seu Min'ima
 seu  Imbrica'ta,  Oculu'ria, Euphra'gia,  Ophthal-
 mica,  Eyebright,  (F.) Eufraiae, Euphruiae, Cusae-
 Lunette.  It has  been recommended  in diseases
 of the eye, but is unworthy of notice.
   EUPLASTIC, Euplaa'ticua,(¥.) Euplaetique:
 from tv, and 5rXa<r<ru>, ' I form.'  Having the ca-
 pacity of becoming organizable in a high degree,
 — as in false membranes resulting from  acute in-
 flammation in a healthy person.
   EUPLEURUM SERRULATUM, Diosma cre-
 nata.
   EUPNOZ'A, from  tv,  and nvtto, 'I  respire.'
I Freedom or facility of respiration.
   EURIIYTH'MIA, from tv,andpv$uos, 'rhythm.'
 Regularity of the pulse.
   EURIBALI, Juribali.
   EURODES, Carious.
   EURODONTICUS,  from cvpos, 'caries,' and
 oiovs,  oiovros, ' a tooth.'   Suffering from carious
 teeth.
   EURUS, tvpvs, 'mould,  putrefaction,' Mucor,
 Cariee.  Corruption of the humours.
   EURYCHORIA. Sinus.
   EURYCLES, Engastrimyth.
   EURYCLITUS, Engastrimyth.
   EURYSMUS,  Dilatation.
   EURYTH'MIA, Euryth'mus,  from  to,  and
 pvQpos, 'rhythm.'  Regularity  of pulse, both as
 regards quantity  and quality.
   EUSAR'CUS, from tv, and oapl, oapxos, 'flesh.'
 One who is fleshy, robust, muscular.    .
   EUSEMI'A, (F.) EusSmie, from tv, and onpttov,
 'a sign.'  A collection of  good signs.
   EUSOMPHALIEN, from  so,  and  optpaXos, 
EUSPLANCKXIA            358             EX2EMAT0SIS
•navel.'  A double monster in which each being
has a separate navel, and is able  to execute, in-
dependently,  almost all the vital functions.
  EUSPLANCH'NIA, from  tv, and  o*Xayxv<">,
' a viscus.'  A healthy state of the viscera.
  EUSTA'CHIAN TUBE,  Tuba Eustachia'na
seu Ariatotelica, Syrin'ga, Syrinx, Mea'tus eacue,
Ductus auris palati nue,  Iter a Pala'to ad Aurem,
(F.) Trompe  ou Conduit d'Eustache, Conduit gut-
tural de l'oreille — Ch.   So called from its dis-
coverer, Eustachius.   It is partly bony and partly
cartilaginous : extending from the cavity of the
tympanum to the upper part of the pharynx.  Its
length is about two inches; the bony portion
which belongs to the temporal  bone,  is  about
 three-fourths of an inch long.  It is lined, inter-
 nally, by a prolongation of the lining membrane
 of  the pharynx.   Its nerves are furnished by the
 palatine branches  of the ganglion of  Meckel, and
 its vessels proceed from those of the pharynx and
 velum pendulum.  The use of the tube  seems  to
 be, to permit the renewal of air in the cavity of
 the tympanum.
   Eusta'cbian  Valve,  Valve of  Eueta'chiua,
 Valvule d'Euatachi  ou  d'Eustache.  A  membra-
 nous,  semilunar fold, which  corresponds to the
 opening of the vena cava inferior into the right
 auricle of the heart.
   EUSTHENI'A, Vigor,  Exuberan'tia, from  tv,
 and  odtvos,  'strength.'  Flourishing,  exuberant
 health.—Hippocrates.
   EUSTOM'ACHUS,  from  tv,  and  crouaxos,
 'stomach.'   Digesting  rapidly.  Having  a good
 stomach.
   EUSTRONGYLUS GIGAS, Strongylus gigas.
   EUTAX'IA, from tv, and raoew, ' I arrange.'
 Enthe'sia.   A well-ordered constitution, in which
 every part has its  proper relation.  The ready
 return of a rupture, or of  a luxated bone.
    EUTHANA'SIA, from tv, and Oavaros, 'death.'
 An easy death.   The opposite to this is Cacotha-
 iia'aia.
    EUTHESIA, Eutaxia.
    EUTHYENTERON, Rectum.
    EUTHYENTEROSTENOMA, Stricture of the
 Rectum.
    EUTIIYM'IA,  An'imi  tranquillitae, from to,
 »nd Svpos,  ' mind.'   Tranquillity  of  mind.   A
  jood state of the mental faculties.
    EUTHYPNOE, Orthopnoea.
    EUTHYPN03A,  Orthopnoea.
    EUTOCIA, from tv, and tokos, 'delivery.'  An
  msy  labour. Fecundity.
    EUTROPH'IA, from tv,  and rpoipn, 'nourish-
 ment.'  A good state of nutrition.
    EUTROPH'IC, Eutroph'icus, same etymon.  A
  torin introduced into medical terminology, by the
  author, for  an  agent whose action is  exerted  on
  the system of nutrition, without necessarily  oc-
  casioning manifest  increase  of any of the secre-
  tions.
    The chief eutrophics are,—mercuriale, the pre-
  paratione  of iodine, bromine, cod liver oil,  the
  preparations of  gold and eilver, eulphur,  sugar,
  and aarsaparilla.
    EUZOODYNAMIA, Sanitas.
    EVACUANTS,  Evacuan'tia, from  e, and va-
  ruare, 'to empty.'   (F.)  Evacuatife.  Medicines
  are so called which occasion a discharge by some
  emunctory ; such as purgatives, emetics, Ac.
     E VA CUA TIPS, Evacuants.
     EVACUATIO, Evacuation, Excretion.
     EVACUATION.   Same  etymon.   Lapax'ia.
  The discharge  of  any matter  whatever by  the
  natural passages or by an artificial opening.
     EVA'NOUISSEMENT, Syncope.
     EVAN  ROOT, Geum Virginianum.
     EVAPORATION,   Evapora'tio,   Vapora'tio,
ii Exhala'tio, from e, and vaporare, vaporatum, ' to
j' emit a vapour.'  Transformation  of a liquid into
 j vapour, in order to obtain the fixed matters con-
 tained in it  dry  and  separate from  the liquid.
 I When the vapour is received into a proper vessel
 and condensed, the process is called distillation.
 Evaporation  produces cold, and this is one of the
 processes by which the body is  cooled, through
 the evaporation of the perspiratory fluid.
    EVAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Evaux
 is situate in Auvergne, in France.  The waters
 are hydrosulphurous and thermal.
    EVENTRATION,  Eventra'tio,  Hypogaatro-'
 rix'ie, from e, ' out of,' and'uenfer, ' the belly.'  A
 tumour, formed by a  general relaxation of the
 parietes of the abdomen, and containing a great
 part  of the  abdominal viscera.   Also,  ventral
  hernia, or that which occurs in any other way
  than through the natural  openings of the abdo-
  minal parietes. Lastly, any very extensive wound
  of the abdominal parietes, with issue of the greater
  part  of the intestines.
    EVENTUS, from  e, ' out of,'  and venire, ven-
  tum,  ' to come.'  Apobai'non, Apobesom'enon, Ee-
  besom'enon,  Terinina'tio  morbi.  The   event  or
  issue of a disease, either favourable or unfavour-
  able.
     EVERLASTING,   DKECIOUS,  Antennaria
  dioica.
     EVERRICULUM, Specil'lum,  from ererrere,
  ' to clean out.'  A sort of sound or scoop, used
  for extracting Sand or fragments of stone or clots
  of blood from the bladder, after  or during the
  operation of lithotomy.
     EVERSIO  PALPEBRiE, Ectropion.
     EVIGILATION, see Sleep.
     EVIL, THE, Scrofula—e. King's, Scrofula,
     EVIRATIO, Castration.
     EVIRATUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
     EVISCERATION, Exenterismus.
     EVOLUTIO, Development — c  Spontanea,
   Evolution, spontaneous.
     EVOLUTION  OF  GERMS, see Generation.
     Evolu'tion, Spontaneous,  Vcr'sio  seu Evo-
   lu'tio sponta'nea, from e, and volvere, volutum, 'to
   roll.'  Sponta'neous ver'aion, Sponta'neoua expul-
   sion, Duplication of thefectus.   A term, applied,
   by Dr. Denman, to what he considered to be a
   spontaneous turning of the  foetus in utero, in an
   arm  presentation,  in consequence  of powerful
   uterine contractions forcing out the  breech and
   feet, whilst the arm  recedes.   It is now-usually
   considered to be a doubling of the foetus, so that
   the  arm changes its position but little, whilst the
   breech is forcibly expelled before the upper ex-
   tremity;—the case becoming similar to a breech
   presentation.
     Evolution, Vesicle  of, Vesicle of develop-
   ment.
     EVOMITIO, Vomiting.
     EVONYMUS, Euonymous.
     EVUL'SION, Avulaion, Evul'aio, from evellere,
   evtileum, (e, and vellere,) 'to pluck out.'  Apottl-
    mos, Ectil'moa,  Tilmos.   The action  of plucking
    out; forcible extraction.  (F.) Arrackement. This
    word is oftener used by the French  than  by the
    English surgeons, for the act of extracting certain
    parts, the presence of which is injurious,—as the
    teeth, Ac.
     EW-GOWAN, Bellis.
     EX MARIBUS,  Castratus.
      EXACERBATIO, Exacerbation. Paroxysm.
     EXACERBATION, Exacerba'tio,  Exaspera'-
    tio, Excreecen'tia, from exacerbare, exaeerha'tum,
    (ex, and acerbue,) ' to provoke.'  (F.) RSdouble-
    mcnt.  An increase  in the  symptoms  of a dis*
    order.  Often used synonymously with paroxysm.
      EXACUM SPICATUM, Coutoubea alba.
      EX.EMATOSIS, Haematosis. 
EX.EMIA                359           EXCEREBRATIO
   EX.EMIA, Ansemia.
   KXiE.MOS, Exanguious.
   EX.E'RESIS, from tl, 'out of,' and atpto,, 'I
 take^ away.  A surgical operation, which consists
 in  drawing, extracting, or  removing, from the
 human body, everything that is useless, noxious,
 or extraneous.  It is a generic term, which in-
 cludes extraction, evulsion, evacuation, excision,
 ablation, amputation, Ac.
   Ex eresis, Extraction.
   EXAGGERATED, Exaggera'tua,(¥.) ExagSrS,
 from  exaggero, (ex, and agt/ero, ' I heap  up,')' I
 magnify.')   Heightened,  increased by  expres-
 sion.  An epithet for sounds heard on ausculta-
 tion  and  percussion, when  much increased —
 Hy/u  - ehe'eie. Hypereche'ma.
   EX A'(i ION.  The sixth part of an ounce: —
 four scruples.—Actuarius.
   EXAL'MA,  from tl, 'out of,' and aXXopai, 'I
 lea)).'  Exalsia.  Hippocrates calls thus  the dis-
 placement of the vertebrae.
   EXALSIS, Exalma, Leap.
   EXALTATION  OF  THE VITAL FORCES,
 Eeulta'tio vlrium, from exalto, (ex, and alto,) • I
 raise.'  This expression has been used, by modern
 pathologists, to designate a morbid increase in
 the action of organs, and partly that which occurs
 in an inflamed organ.   Some  use exaltation of
 the  vital forcee, and inflammation,synonymously.
   EXAMBLOMA, Abortion.'
   EXAMBLOSIS, Abortion.
   EXA'MEN  RIGORO'SUM.   'Rigorous exa-
 mination.'  An examination of a Candidate for
 the degree of Doctor Of Medicine in the Prussian
 Universities, which, like the Tentamen medicum,
 is conducted in Latin, and takes place before the
 medical faculty on  all branches of medicine.
   EXANASTOMOSIS, Anastomosis.
   EXANASTROPHE, Convalescence.
   EXANGI'A, from tlayyifa,  (if, and  ayyos, 'a
 vessel,') ' I evacuate  from  a vessel.'  Exangela.
 An  enlargement or rupture of a blood-vessel,
 without external opening.   A genus in the order
 Dyathetica, class Hamatica of Good.  Il^  com-
 prises aneurism and varix.
   Exangia Aneurisma, Aneurism.
   EXAN'GUIOUS, Exsan'guine, Exeanguin'eus,
 Exa'mos,  Exean'guie, (¥.) Exsangue,  from ex,
 'out of,'  and aanguia, 'blood.'   Seeming to  be
 bloodless; as a female, who has suffered largely
 from uterine hemorrhage.  See Anaemic.
   EXANIA, Proctocele.
   EXANIMATION, Exanima'tio, from  ex, 'out
 of,' and anima, 'the spirit.'  This word has two
 acceptations.   Sometimes,  it means real death,
 corresponding with the Greek Savaros, more.  At
 others, it signifies apparent death, corresponding
 with the  Greek o-d^u^ja, t/cifti^ia, txXvois,  An'imi
 deli'quiitm.
   EXANTHEM, Exanthe'ma, Anthe'ma entp'tio,
 Epanthe'ma, Effloreecen'tia, Exanthia'ma,  Ecthy'-
 ma,  Epanaete'ma, Epanthe'ma, Epanthia'ma, Ef-
 flora'tio, from tt-avS-tie, (el,and avdtoi), 'I flourisb.'
 A rash.   (F.) Exanthlme,  Elevure.  Under this
 term, is comprehended,  by some, every kind of
 eruption,  of which  the skin  is  the seat.   Others
 comprehend by it those eruptions that are accom-
 panied by fever, Febrea  exanthemat'ica: includ-
 ing, under the head of  the  major exanthemata,
 those which  attack a person  but once in  his life,
 and  which are communicated by specific conta-
 gion ;  and, under the minor exanthemata, those
 which  are not  marked by these characteristics.
 Small-pox, measles, cow-pox, Ac, belong  to the
major:—chicken-pox, herpes, lichen, Ac, to the
minor.  The  general acceptation of Exanthem is,
however, a more or  less vivid, circumscribed, or
diffuse redness  of the skin, which diminishes, or Jl
 disappears transiently, under the pressure of the
 finger.
   Exanthem, Carbunotlar. Anthracia—e. Icho-
 rous, Emphlysis — e.  Pustulous, Empyesis — e.
 Rash, Enanthesis.
   EXANTHEMA, Eminence—e. Internum, Eis-
 anthema.
   Exanthe'ma Iod'icum.  An eruption of  dark-
 red definite spots, of various sizes, spreading over
 the whole body, without the formation of scales,
 and disappearing only after a long time,  *vhich
 seems to be produced occasionally  by  the use of
 iodine.
   Exanthema Miliaria, Miliary fever—e. Pes-
 tis, Plague—e. Antivariolosum, Vaccina.—e. Se-
 rosum, Pemphigus—e. Strophulus,  Strophulus—
 e. Urticatum, Urticaria—e. Vaccina, Vaccina—e.
 Varicella, Varicella.
   EXANTHEMAT'ICA. Same etymon. Erup'-
 tive fevers.   Cutaneous eruptions, essentially ac-
 companied with fever;—the  third order in  the
 class Hamatica of Good.
   EXAXTHEMATISTHESIS,  E.canthematoa'-
 cheaia, from ilavOnpa, 'exanthem,' and  toxtiv, 'to
 withhold.'  Suppression of a cutaneous eruption.
   EXANTHEMATOL'OGY, Exanthematolog"ia,
 from tlavdnita,  'exanthem,'  and Xoyos,  'a dis-
 course.'   The doctrine of cutaneous eruptions.
   EXANTHEMA'i;OPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthalm'-
 ia exanthemat'ica,  from tlavBripa,  'exanthem,'
 and oipdaXpta,  'inflammation of the eye'  Oph-
 thalmia in the course of, or succeeding to, a cu-
 taneous eruption.
   EXANTHEM'ATOUS. Exanthemato'eue, Ex-
I anthemalicue, (¥.) ExanthSmatiqne.  Relating or
| appertaining to exanthem, as " an exanthematoue
 eruption."  (F.) Eruption exanthSmatique.
   EXANTHEME  INTESTINALE, see Ty-
 phus.
   EXANTHESIS, see Efflorescence—e. Arthro-
 sia, Dengue — e. Roseola, Roseola—e. Rubeola,
 Rubeola.
   EXANTHISMA, Exanthem.
   EXANTHROPIA, Misanthropia.
   EXAPSIS, Inflammation.
   EXARAG'MA, from tlapaoata, 'I tear away,'
 'I break.'  Collision, violent fracture or friction.
   EXARCHIATER,  Exarchia'tros.  Chief of
 the archiatri, or chief of physicians, a title, like
 that of  Comes  Archiatro'rttm. given  to the chief
 physician of an emperor or  king.  Archiater ap-
 pears to have meant, at times, the same thing.
   EXARMA, Swelling.
   EXAR'SIO.  A burning heat.
   EXARTEMA, Amuletum.
   EXARTERITIS, Exarteriltis. from ex', 'out
 of,'  and arteria, ' an artery.'  Inflammation of
 the outer coat of an artery.
   EXARTHREMA, Luxation, Sprain.
   EXARTHROMA, Luxation.
   EXARTHROSIS, Luxatio,  Sprain—e. Pareti-
 ca, see Pareticus.
   EXARTICULATIO,  Amputation,  joint;
 Luxatio.
   EXARYSIS, Exhaustion.
   EXASPERATIO, Exacerbation.
   EXCECARIA AGALLOCHA, Agallochum.
   EXCALEFACTIO, Echauffement,
   EXCARNATION, Excarim'tio, from ex, and
 caro, carnie,  'flesh.'  A mode of making ana-
 tomical  preparations, which  consists in separa-
 ting injected vessels from the parts in which
 they are  situate.  This is  done by means of cor-
 rosion by an acid or by putrefaction.
  EXCASTRATIO, Castration, Eunuch.
  EXCATlltSMA. Bath, half; Semicupium.
  EXCAVATOR, Dental,  see Dental.
  EXCEREBRATIO, Eccephalosis. 
EXCEREBRATUS            360                  EXERAMA
   EXCEREBRATUS, Delirious.
   EXCERNEXT, Secreting.
   EXCIDENTIA, Ecptoma.
   EXCIP'IENT, Excip'iene, from excipere, (ex,
 and cajiere,)  'to receive.'   (F.)  Intermede.   A
 substance, which, in  a medicinal  prescription,
 gives  form and consistence to it, and serves as a
 vehicle or medium for the exhibition of the  other  |
 ingredients.
   EXCIPULA,  Cup.
   EXCISIO, Entaille.
   EXCIS'ION, Excie'io, from excidere, excisum,
 {ex, and cadere,) 'to cut off.'  Ec'tome.  A sur-
 gical  operation,  by which  parts  of a  small size
 are removed«with a cutting instrument.
   EXCITABIL'ITY Excitabilitae.  Irritability.
 From excitare, (ex, and citare, citatum,) 'to ex-
 cite.'   The faculty, possessed by living beings,
 of being sensible to the action of excitants.  The  !
 doctrine of excitability forms an  important part
 of the Brunonian system.
   EXCITANT,  Stimulant.
   EXCITATION, Excita'tio, Excite'ment; same
 etymon.  The act  of exciting;  the state  of  an  |
 organ or organs excited.  Excitement is, some-
 times, used synonymously with augmented arte-  I
 rial action.   The  effect  of the exciting powers  .
 acting on the excitability, according to Brown,  !
 constitutes excitement.  Cullen used the term  to
 express the restoration of the energy and action
 of the brain, which had been interrupted by sleep
 or some debilitating cause,—a state opposite  to
 that of collapse.  Not unfrequently, it is employed
 in the sense of excessive action,—Super-excita'tio,
 (¥.) Stir-excitation.
   EXCITED DISEASES,  Feigned diseases.
   EXCITO-MOTION, see Excito-motory.
   EXCITO-MOTORY.  (F.) Excito-moteur.  An
 epithet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to a division
 of the nervous system—comprising the gray mat-
 ter of the spinal marrow, with the afferent and
 efferent nerves connected with it;—all of which
 are concerned in reflex actions ; or those by which
 impressions  are  transmitted to a centre, and re-
 flected  so  as 'to produce  muscular contraction
 without sensation or volition.  They constitute
 the reflex eyelem of nervee.   See Nerves.
   The term excito-motion has also been employed
 to signify motion, no matter how excited, by the
 reflex nerves or  by volition.—C. J. B.  Williams.
   EXCORIATIO, Ecdora.
   EXCORIATION,  Excoria'tio, Excoriatu'ra,
 Am'y'che, from ex, and corium, 'skin.'  (F.) Ecor-
 dntre.  A slight wound, which removes only the
 skin.
   EXCORIATURA, Excoriation.
   EXCREA'TION,  Excrea'lio,  Exscrea'tio,
 Screa'tua, Raaca'tio,  from ex, and  ecreare, ' to
 spit.'    Act  of spitting.  (F.)  Crachement. See
 Exspuitio.
   EX'CREMENT, Excremen'turn, Rctrimen'turn,
 Excre'titm,  Excre'tio, Perit'toma, Diachore'ina,
 Aph'odoa, Aphodeit'ma, Apocho'reon,  Apoc'rieie,
 Atdae, Ar'daloe, from  excernere, excretum, (ex,
 and   cernere,) 'to  separate,'  'cleanse.'  Every-
 thing, which is  evacuated  from  the body of  an
 animal by the natural emunctories, as superfluous;
 such  as the faecal matters, the urine, perspiration,
' nasal mucus, Ac.   Generally, however, the term
 is restricted to  the faecal evacuations;—Purga-
 menta, Hedra, Sedee, Facee, Stercus, Cacce, Spal-
 ile,  (especially  when liquid,) Dejec'tio  alvi na
  O'nera alri, Sordee ventrie, Hypochore'ma, Co?'-
 lia, Hypochore'eie,  Jlerda,  Merdua, Catarrhex' ia,
  Coproa, Scor.
    Excrement, Human, Stercus humanum.
    EXCREMENTIT"IAL, ExcremenlU"ioua,Ex-
 trementit"iue, (E.) ExcrSmenteux, ExcrSmentitiel.
i That which is  similar to excrement, and  forms
 part of it.  Exerementitial humours or parte are
 those  destined  to be  evacuated os incapable  of
1 administering to the nutrition of the body.
   EXCREMENTO-RECREMENTIT"IAL,.Ex-
 cremento-recrementil'ioue.   Animal  fluids, in-
 tended to be partly absorbed and partly rejected.
   EXCRES'CEXCE, Excre8cen'tia,  Ecphy'nin,
 Phymato'ais,  Hyperaarco'ais,  Sarcopliy'ia,  Caro
 excree'eene, from  excrescere, (ex,  and crescere,)
 'to grow outwards.'  (Sc.) Swalme.  (¥.) Excroie-
 sance.   A tumour, which  forms at the surface of
 organs,  and especially on the skin, mucous  mem-
 branes,  or ulcerated surfaces.  Excrescences differ
 in size,  shape, cause, Ac, and  each requires  its
 own treatment.   Warts,  condylomata, polypi,
 hemorrhoids,  belong to this head.
   EXCRESCENTIA,  Exacerbation,  Protube-
 rance, Tumour — e. Carnosa, Sarcoma — e. Fun-
 gosa, Fungosity—e. Gingivae, Epulis — e. Vesica
 urinariae carnosa, Cysthypersarcosis.
   EXCRETA, see Excretion.
   EXCRETEUR, Excretory.
   EXCRETIO,  Excretion, Excrement —e. Alvi-
 na, Defecation—e. Faecum alvinarum, Defecation
 —e. Urinae involuntaria, Enuresis.
   EXCRETION, Excre'tio, Ec'crisi*, Eraciul-
 tio, Ejee'lio,  Expulsio,  Eges'tio, Diachore'aia,
 from excernere, excretum, (ex,  and cernere,) ' to
 separate.'  The  separation  or throwing  off  of
 those matters, Excre'ta, Egea'ta, lon'ta, Apion'ta,
 from the body of an  animal, which are supposed
 to  be  useless, as the  urine,  perspiration, and
 faeces.
   EXCRETOIRE, Excretory.
   EX'CRETORY,  Excreto'rius,  (¥.) ExcrSteur
 ou  ExcrStoire; same etymon.   An  Excretory
 vcs8el or duct,  Ductue excreta''Hue, is  one  which
 transmits the fluid  secreted  by a gland  either
 externally or into the reservoirs into which it has
 to be deposited.  The existence of an excretory
 duct was regarded  as a distinctive character of
 the glands properly so called.
   Excretory  Organ means  any one  charged
 with the  office  of excreting; thus,  the skin is
 said to  be an excretory organ, because  through
 it the perspiration takes place.
   EXCRETUM, Excrement.
   EXCROISSANCE, Excrescence.
   EXCUTIA VENTRICULI, Stomach Brush.
 An instrument,  composed of iron or brass wire,
 at one  of the extremities of which is a pencil of
 bristles.  Some  ancient  authors proposed this to
 extract foreign  bodies  from the  oesophagus, as
 well as  to cleanse the stomach of viscid and tena-
 cious matters adhering to it.
    EXECHEBRONCHUS, Bronchocele.
    EXECHEGLUTI, Exischioi.
    EXEDENS, see Herpes exedens.
    EXELCOSIS, see Ulceration.
    EXELCYS'MOS,. from si, 'from,' and  tXevte,
 T draw.'  Extraction.   Also the act of breaking
 out into ulcers.
    EXELCYSMUS, Extraction.
    EXENCEPHALE,  from  el,  'out of,' and
 tyKttpaXov, 'the encephalon.' A genus of monsters,
 in which the encephalon is situate in a great mea^
 sure out of  the cranium, the upper portion of
 i which  is almost wholly wanting.   Lsid.  G. St.
 [ Hilaire.
    EXENTERATION, Exenterismus.
 |   EXENTERIS'MUS,  Exenter'ieie, Exentera'-
 \ tio, Exenteration,  Eriscera'tion,  Deriseera'tion,
 J Unbow'elling, Embow'ellingor Imbow'elling, Viece-
 | ra'tian, from cf, 'out of,' and  tvrtpov,  'an  iates-
 j tine.'   The operation of taking out the bowels.
 i   EXERA'MA, from tltpaoi, ' I throw out.' Any
 j thing east out.  Vomiting; or the matter vomited.
Il —Hippocrates. 
EXERCISE              361              EXOGENOUS
  EX ERCISE, Exercita'tio, Exercit"ium, Aece'-
ns, Gymna'ston, from  exercere, exercitum,  'to
work.   Every  motion of the body arising from
the contraction of muscles subjected to the will.
Also, the  action of any organ whatever.  Exer-
cise may be active or passive.   The passive  are
referred to, under the head of Gestation.  The
chief  active exercises are : — walking, running,
dancing, hunting, fencing, playing at ball, cricket,
racket, quoits, swimming, declamation, and sing-
ing.  Exercise  is an important prophylactic, par-
ticularly for those disposed  to be plethoric   It
improves the digestion ; augments the secretions;
and, when used in moderation, gives strength to
the body ;  but  when carried to  excess, produces
debility and disease.
   EXERRHO'SIS, from el,  'out of,' and pto>, 'I
flow.'  The discharge which takes  place by in-
sensible perspiration.
   EXPORTATION, see Pregnancy.
   EXFOLIA TIF, Exfoliative.   '
   EXFOLIATION,  Enfolia'tio,  Desquama'tio,
Eclep'isis,  Ecleip'isi8, from  ex,  and folium,  ' a
leaf.'  By this is meant the separation of the dead
portions  of a bone, tendon,  aponeurosis, or car-
tilage, under the form of lamellae or  small scales.
Exfoliation is  accomplished by the instinctive
action of the parts, and its object is to detach the
dead  portion  from those subjacent; which  are
still alive.  For this purpose the latter throw out
fleshy granulations, and a more or less abundant
suppuration occurs, which tends to  separate the
exfoliated  part,—now  become  an extraneous
body.   The  ancients distinguished exfoliation
into 8enaible and insensible, according as the dead
portions  of bone were detached  in fragments of
greater or less size, or in very thin pieces, and in
an almost insensible manner.   When  the dead
part embraces all or almost all tbe substance of a
bone, it takes the name Sequestrum.
   EXFOLIATIVE. Exfoliatlnis, Deequamato'-
rius, (¥.) Exfoliatif.  That which takes away by
leaves or scales.  The term  has heen  applied to
certain medicines, which were regarded as proper
to hasten  exfoliation, such as alcohol, oil  of tur-
pentine, tincture of myrrh, Ac
   ExFo'LiATiyE Trepan, Eclepieitrep'anum.  An
ancient raspatory, or instrument for  scraping ex-
foliating portions of bone.
   EXHALAISON, Exhalation.
   EXHA'LANT, Exha'lent, Exha'lane, from  ex-
halare, exhalatum, (ex, and halare, 'to breathe,')
'to exhale,' 'throw out.'
   Exhalant Vessels,  Vaea  exhalan'tia,  are
very minute, and rise from the arterial capillary
system.  They are situate in every tissue of the
body, and on the surface of the mucous and se-
rous membranes and skin; on which each pours
its particular fluid.   Bichat  distinguished three
sets.  1.  The external, terminating on the mucous
and external dermoid system,.where  they pour
the matter of perspiration.  2. The internal, com-
prising  those of the  areolar and medullary  tis-
sues, and of synovial surfaces; and, 3. The nutri-
tive exhalante,  which vary in each  organ where
they are found, and preside  over the phenomena
of composition  and increase of every part of the
body.  The exhalants are the antagonists of the
absorbents. They are  imaginary vessels, inas-
much as they cannot be .detected.
  EXHALATIO, Evaporation.
  EXHALATION,  Exhala'tio; same etymon.
Anathymlasie,  Apopneu'eie,  (¥.) Exhalaison.   A
function, by virtue of which certain fluids,  ob-
tained from the blood, are spread, in the form of
dew, in the areolae of the different textures, or at
the surface of membranes; either for the sake of
being thrown out of the body, or to serve cortain
purposes.   The  sweat is a liauid, excrementitioue
exhalation;  the serous fluid  of the pleura, a
liquid recrementitioue exhalation.
  Exhalation is, also, applied to that which ex-.
hales from any body whatever, organic  or inor-
ganic, dead or living.
  Exhalation,. Pulmonary, see Perspiration.
  EXHAUSTION, Exar'yeie,  Viree exhiutst'a,
from exhaurire, exhuustum, (ex, and haurire,)  'to
draw out.'  (F.) Epitieement.   Loss of strength,
occasioned by excessive evacuations, great fatigue
or privation of food, or by disease.
  EXHIL'ARANT,  Exhilarana,  from  ex, and
lu'laro, 'I make merry.'   An agent that exhila
rates or enlivens.                   •
  EXHUMATION, Exhnma'tio, Effos'sio, from
ex, and humua, 'the  ground.'   The disinterment
of a corpse.  The circumstances  which render
this  necessary are: — 1. Judicial  investigations
relative to the body of the person inhumed.  2.
The  removal  of a body  from one cemetery to
another; and, 3. The evacuation of cemeteries or
sepulchral  vaults.   The  operation is attended
with much unpleasant smell and annoyance, and
requires the use  of disinfecting agents, of which
the most powerful is chlorinated lime.  See Dis-
infection.   The putrid effluvia  from animal sub-
stances are not, however, found to excite  endemic
disease.
  EXIDIA AURICULA  JUDiE, Peziza auri-
cula.
  EXINANIT"ION, Exinanil'io, from ex, 'out
of,' and inania,  'empty.'   Extreme exhaustion;
complete evacuation.                           /
  EXISCH'IUM.  Same  etymon as the  next.
Prominence of the hips.
  EXIS'CHIUS, Exia'chus,  from  tl, 'out  of,'
and  toxtov, 'the ischium.'  A luxation of the os
femoris.  Those  with large nates, and prominent
hips, were formerly called Exia'chioi and Exeche-
gltlti.
  EXITU'RA,  from exire, exitum, (ex,  and eo,)
'to go out.'  According to some, any  abscess
which  discharges.   Paracelsus  calls thus every
kind of putrid excrement.
  EX'ITUS.   Same etymon.   The outer termi-
nation  or exit of a canal.   The termination of a
disease.
  EXOARTERITIS, see Arteritis.
  EXOCARDIAC, see Endocardiac.
  EXOCARDIAL, see Endocardiac.
  EXOCARDITIS, Pericarditis.
  EX'OCHAS,  Ex'oche,  from  e^u,  (£|,  and
£;£<!>,) 'I project.'  A soft tumour — as a hemor-
rhoid—outside of the anus.  An outward pile.
  EXOCHE,  Eminence, Exochas.
  EXOCHORION, see Chorion.
  EXOCOLITIS, see Colitis.
  EXOCULATIO, from ex, 'out of,' and ocnlua,
'an eye.'  Want of eyes. Want of vision. Blind-
ness.
  EXOCYSTE, Exocys'tis, from tl, 'out of,' and
everts,  'the bladder.'   A prolapsus of the bladdor
into the urethra.  Also called Prolap'eua veai'ca,
^Edopto'eie veelca, (¥.) Renversement de la vessie.
  Exocys'te  Noelia'na.   Protrusion of the  in-
ner membrane of  the bladder.  So called from
M. Noel, who first  accurately described it.
  Exocys'te  Solingenia'na.   Protrusion of the
neck of the bladder.  Called after  M. Solingen,
who  first accurately described it.
  EXffiDESIS, Swelling.
  EXODIC, Efferent.
  EXOG"ENOUS, from tl, 'out of,' and  ytwaie,
'I engender.'  A term first applied to plants —
hence called Ex'ogens — in which the wood in-
creases by annual additions to the outside.
  In animal anatomy, processes which shoot out
from any part are termed  exogenous.  An exo?e- 
EXOGENS                302            EXPECTORANT
 noue ancuriam is one caused  by division, from
 without, of the arterial walls.
.  EX0GEN-\ see Exogenous.
   ENOGOGE, Extraction.
   EXOGOXIUM PURGA, Convolvulus jalapa.
   EXOGOXYAX'COX,  from   £Sfu>,  'outwards,'
 yow, 'the knee,'  and ayKinv, 'an elbow.'  Bowing
 of the knees outwards.
   EXOIXE,  E.roene, from ex, 'out of,' and ido-
 neus, 'fit,' or rather from exonerare, 'to exone-
 rate' [?].   In  France, a certificate of excuse, ex-
 emption,  or dispensation, given  to  those sum-
 moned  to  appear before  a  court  of justice, and
 who are unable to do so.
   EXOLCE, Extraction.
   EXOLUTION, Syncope.
   EXOMETRA. Prolapsus uteri.
   V.'.^ iMOIOSIS, Assimilation.
   i;:- >MPHALOCELE, Exomphalus.
   EXOM'PH VLUS, Exumbilica'tio,  Exompla-
 loce'le, Om'phaloce'le, Hernia umbilica'lia, Om-
 phulex'oche, Omphiilopropto'aia, Prolap'atia innbi-
 li'ci, (F.) Hernie ombilicale, II. du nombril, Um-
 bilical hernia, from  tl, 'out of,' and ofitpaXos, 'the
 navel.'  Hernia  occurring  at  the  navel.  This
 affection happens more frequently in infants, and
 takes place by the  umbilical ring.  In adults, it
 occurs more commonly in females than in males;
 and, when it does so, the sac passes in the vici-
 nity of the umbilicus.  The organs, found  in this
 kind of hernia,  are particularly, — the epiploon,
 the jejunum, the arch of the colon,  and some-
 times the  stomach.  The tumour is, in general,
 round, and presents all the characters of hernia.
 It is, commonly, really reducible, and not sub-
 ject to strangulation.  It must be reduced, and
 retained by an elastic bandage, made in the form
 of a girdle, and furnished with a pad at its  middle
 part.  When  strangulated,  the stricture  may be
 divided upwards and towards the left side.
    EXONCO'MA, Exonco'aia, from tl,  and oyKos,
 'a tumour.'   A large, prominent tumour.  Used,
 by Galen, for protuberance  of the vertebrae after
 luxation.
    EXONCOSIS, Exoncoma — e.  Linguae, Glos-
 soncus.
    EXOXEIROGMUS, Pollution,  nocturnal.
    EXOXEIROS1S, Pollution, nocturnal.
    EXOXEURISM, Magnetism, animal.
    EXOPHTHAL'MIA, Ptosia seu Prolap'aua seu
 Proeiden'tia  Oc'uli seu Bulbi Oculi, Exorbitie'-
 mw, Opltthabnoce'le, Ophthalmopto'aia, Oculi to-
 tius prominentia, from tl, 'out of,' and orpSaXpos,
 'eye.'  (F.) Procidence  de  I'ceil.   A  protrusion
 of  the eye from its orbit, occasioned  by  an ab-
 si. ess or  tumour in the  areolar  texture  of the
 orbit; by exostosis of the  parietes of the orbit,
 Ac  In  exophthalmia, the  eye  is pressed for-
 wards ;  the eyelids are raised and separated, so
 that they can no longer cover the eye and defend
 it from the action  of extraneous bodies ;  it be-
 comes inflamed, and the  sight is disturbed or de-
 stroyed.   The treatment of  course depends upon
 the cause.
    Exophthalmia  Fungosa, Sarcosis  bulbi—e.
 Sarcomatica, Sarcosis bulbi.
    EXOPHTHALMUS, same etymon.  One whose
 eyes are  very prominent.  The opposite  to Coe-
 lophthalmus.
    EXORBITISMUS, Exophthalmia.
    EXORMIA.  Papula —e. Lichen, Lichen —e.
 Prurigo, Prurigo—e. Strophulus.  Strophulus.
    EXORTUS UNGUIUM, see Nail.
    EXOSIS, Luxation.
    EXO-SKELETON, see Skeleton.
    EXOSMA, from tl,  'out  of,'  and taOtia, 'to
 move.'   A luxated or dislocated limb or organ.
    EXOSMIC, Exosmotic
    EXOSMOSE', Exoemo'eie, Traneuda'tion, from
tl, 'out of,' and utopos, 'impulse.'  The opposite
to Endosmose.  The act  by which  substances
transude from  within to without  an animal  or
other membrane.
  EXOSMOT'IC, Exoemolicus, Exos'mie, Eros'-
mic-ts; same etymon.  Belonging to Exosmose:
—as an exosmotic current.
  EXOSSATIO, Exostosis.
  EXOSTEMMA  CARIB.EA,  Cinchonae cari-
baoae cortex.
  EXOSTOMA, Exostosis.
  EXOSTOSE, Exostosis  — e. dee Denta, Exos-
tosis dentium—e. Soua-ungSale, see Subunguial.
  EXOSTO'SIS, Hi/peroeto'8ie, Emphy'mu  ex-
oatosis,  Exoato'mn,  Epoato'ma, Epoeto'aie,  Oete-
o'ma,  Oato'nta,  Oateoph'ytn, Exoaaa'tin,  Oseie
Eminen'tia, (¥.) Exoatose,  Osteophyte; from «(,
'out of,' and oortov, 'a bone.'  An  osseous  tu-
mour, which forms at the surface of bones, or in
their cavities.   Various  kinds have been enume-
rated.   I'vory Exosto'sia; (¥.) E. eburnSe;—that
which has the  appearance and  consistence of
ivory.   Lam'iuar Exusto'eie; (¥.) E. LamiuSe;—
that which is formed of laminae in superposition,
or of distinct filaments.  The Spongy Exosto'sia
is that whose structure is analogous to the spongy
tissue of bones.  Exostoses are sometimes distin-
guished into the true, which seem  to be a^irojec-
tion of the osseous substance, and which have the
same organization and hardness as that substance;
and the falae or osteo-sarcoma.  Exostosis may
depend on syphilis, scrofula, rickets, gout,  Ac.
In  such cases, it is important to  get rid of  the
primary disease.
  Those exo8toeee, which occur within the bones,
have, by some, been called Enoatoaea.
  Exostosis, Spina ventosa.
  Exostosis Dentium,  (F.) Exo8toae dea Dents.
Exostosis of the teeth.
  Exostosis Steatomatodes, Osteosteatoma—e.
Subunguial, see Subunguial.
  EXOTERIC, see Esoteric.
  EXOT'IC, Exo'ticua, from tfa, 'without.' That
which comes from abroad.  Plants  or drugs which
are  procured from  abroad are so called.  It ia
opposed to indigenous.
  EXOTICADEN'IA, from exotic, and aitte, 'I
dislike.'  Aversion  for exotic  drugs.
  EXOTICH.EMATOSIS, Transfusion.
  EXOTICOMA'NIA.  The opposite to exotica-
denia.  Fondness for exotic remedies.
  EXOTICOSYM'PHYSIS, from tfaTtKos, 'fo-
reign,'  and ovyapvois, 'a  growing together.'  A
union or  growing together of foreign bodies, as
of a foreign body witjj the  human.
  EXPANSIO, Expansion —e. Musculosa, Pla-
tysma myoides.
   EXPAN'SION,  Expan'aio, from expandere,
expanattm, (ex, andpandere, 'to open,') 'to spread
out.'  A prolongation or spreading out, presented
by certain organs.  Thus,  we say  an aponeurotic
expansion, Ac
   EXPATRATIO, Ejaculation (of Sperm.)
   EXPECTANT,  Exepec'tane, from  exspectare,
 exspectatum, (ex, and  spectarc,  'to look,')  'to
 wait.'  That which waits:—as Expectant  Medi-
 cine.—La MSdeeine expectante. See  Expectation.
   EXPECTATION, Exepecta'tio; same etymon.
 The word expectation has  been applied, in medi-
 cine, to that method, which consists in observing
 tbe progress of diseases, and removing deranging
 influences, without prescribing active medicines,
 unless  such shall  be  imperiously required.  It
 consists,  in fact, in leaving  the  disease almost
 wholly to the  efforts of  nature, and has been
 termed the art of curing diseases by expectation
 or  waiting—Are eanan'di cum expectatio'ite.
   EXPECTORANT,  Expec'torative,  Expec'to-
 rane, Anacathar'ticue, Sputato'riue, Antibe'chicue, 
EXPECTORATIO           36
3
EXSTROPHIA
 Ptya magogue, from ex, 'out of,' and pectus, pec-
 tons, 'the breast.'  A medicine capable of facili-
 tating or provoking expoctoration.  There is pro-
 bably no such  thing as a direct  expectorant.
 They all act through the system, or by impres-
 sions made on parts at a distance, which, through
 the medium of general, continuous, or contiguous
 sympathy, excite the secretory vessels of the air-
 passages  into  action..   The  following  are  the
 chief reputed expectorants :—Ammoniacum; Asa-
 fcetida ;  Galbanum;  Ipecacuanha;  Myroxylon;
 Myrrha;  Inhalations  of   Iodine, Stramonium,
 Tar^Burning Wool, Tobacco, Ac; Scilla; Sene-
 ga, and Tolutanum.
   EXPECTORATIO,  Expectoration — e. San-
 guinis,  Haemoptysis — e. Solida,  Cynanche  tra-
 chealis.
,   EXPECTORATION, Expectora'tio,  Ee.chel-
 yaie, Bex hu'mida, Anap'tyeie, Prop'tysis, Stetho-
 cathar'aie,  Anacathar'sia,   Anabex'is,  Raiaing.
 Same etymon.  The act of expelling from the
 chest matters or secretions  there collected or ex-
 isting.  It is, likewise, used for the  expectorated
 matter.
   EXPECTORATION DE  SANG, Haemop-
 tysis.
   Expectoration, Prune-juice, see Prune-
 juice.
   EXPECTORATIVE, Expectorant.
   EXPELLENS, Expulsive.
   EXPE'RIEXCE, Experien'tia,  Pdra, Empel-
 ra, from tl, and irttpa, 'a trial.'  A knowledge of
 things  acquired by  observation.   In medicine,
 this knowledge can be obtained both by the prac-
 titioner's own experience,  and by that obtained
 from tradition and from books.  To profit by ex-
 perience requires a mind capable  of appreciating
 tbe proper relations" between  cause and  effect;
 and hence it happens, that false experience, Ex-
 perien'tia f alia x, is extremely common ;  and that
 a man had better,  in many instances,  trust to
 that which he  has learned from  others, than to
 his own fallacious observation.
   The union of accurate observation by the phy-
 sician with that handed down by medical writers
• constitutes  perfect experience, so far as  it is at-
 tainable in  any individual case.
   EXPERIENCE,  Experiment—e. de Mariotte,
 Mariotte, experiment of.                    •
   EXPER'IMENT,  Experimen''turn;  same  ety-
 mon.   (F.) Experience. ■ A trial, made on the
 bodies of men or animals, for the  purpose of de-
 tecting  the  effect of a  remedy, or  of becoming
 better acquainted with their structure, functions,
 or peculiarities.  In  a  more  general sense,  it
 means any  trial instituted with the intent of be-
 coming better  acquainted  with any thing.  By
 experiments on living animals, we have  obtained
 much valuable information  in the  various depart-
 ments  of medicine;  but particularly in  physi-
 ology and toxicology.        .
   Experiment of Mariotte, see  Mariotte.
   Experiment of Wepfer, Experimen'tuni Wep-
 feria'num.  An experiment attributed to Wepfer,
 which consisted in injecting air into  the blood-
 vessels of animals, with the view of observing its
 effects on the economy.
   EXPERS NUPTIARUM, Virgin.
   EXPER T(¥.), Exper'tue, from ex, andperitue,
 'skilled.'  Skilful or  of good experience.  A phy-
 sician, charged with the duty of making a report,
 (F.) Expertise, upon any case of legal medicine.
   EXPERTISE, see Expert.
   EXPIRATION, Expira'tio, Exapira'tio, Ec'-,
 pnoe, Eepneumato'eie,  Ecpneu'eie,  Apopneu'eis,
 Apop'noe, Apopnoz'a, from exepirare, (ex,  and
 epi.-are. apiratum,) 'to breathe out.'  The act of
 expelling from the chest, the air received during
 inspiration.
  EX'PIRATORY, Expiratio'ni ineer'viena.
Same etymon.  Relating or appertaining to ex-
piration.   The expiratory muscles are all those
which contribute  to  diminish  tbe cavity of the
chest, for  the purpose of expelling the air con-
tained in the lungs, or of producing expiration.
These muscles are, chiefly, the intercostals, tri-
angularis  sterni,  quadratus  lumborum,  serratus
posticus inferior, the oblique and recti muscles of
the abdomen, and the sacro-lumbalis.
  EXPLORATIO, Exploration —e. Abdominis,
Abdominoscopia.
  EXPLORATION,  Explora'tio,  Recognil'io,
from explorare, exploratiim, 'to search into.' Tho
act of observing and attentively examining or in-
vestigating every thing connected with a case of
disease.  The word is chiefly used  in this sense
by  the French practitioners.              %
  EXPLORATOR,  CHEST.   An  instrument,
proposed by Dr. B. Babington for exploring the
chest in  cases  of empyema.  It  consists of a
needle,  contained in the smallest sized  canula.
This is passed between  the ribs  into the chest.
The needle is then withdrawn, and the escape of
fluid indicates the nature of the case.
  EXPLORATORIUM, Sound, Specillum.
  EXPRES'SION, Expree'aio, Ecpies'mos,  Ec-
thlip'ais, from ex, ' out of,' and premere, pressum,
' to press.'   The act of compressing a substance,
for the purpose  of separating from it the fluids
which it contains.  Also, the  manner in which
impressions made upon us  are depicted; especi-
ally in the traits of the countenance.
  Expression  of Sweat, (F.) Sueur d'.expres-
aion, is a term given to  the passive perspiration
observable in very debilitated individuals.
  EXPUITION, Exspuition.
  EXPULSIO, Excretion—e. Faecum, Defecation
—e. Fcetfis, Parturition.
  EXPULSIF, Expulsive.
  EXPULSION,  SPONTANEOUS,  Evolufon,
spontaneous.
  EXPUL'SIVE, Expel'left  Expulso'rius, (¥.)
Expulsif from  expellere, expulsum, (ex, and pel-
lere,) 'to drive away.'
  An expulsive bandage, (¥.)  Bandage expulsif,
is one constructed with the view  of compressing
a part, from which we are desirous of expelling
pus, serum, Ac.  Certain medicines were formerly
called expulsives,  which  were believed to have
the  power of driving the humours towards the
skin :—as diaphoretics, and sudorifics.
  EXPULTRIX, see Vis expultrix.
  EXSANGUE, Exanguious.
 ' EXSANGUINE, Exanguious.
  EXSANGUINITY, Anaemia.
  EXSANGUIS,  Exanguious.  Exsanguis  is
used by Ausonius  for one exhausted by venery;
—as 8'anguia meant sperm as well as blood.  See
Sperm..
  EXSARCOMA, Sarcoma.
  EXSCREATIO, Excreation.
  EXSECTIO VIRILIUM, Castration.
  EXSECTUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
  EXSICCATIO, Drying.
  EXSICCATIVA, Desiccativa.
  EXSOLUTIO,  Eclysis.
  EXSPIRATIO, Exspiration.
  EXSPUIT"ION, Exspuil'io,  Spuil'io,  kpu-
tn'tio, Anachrcmp'eie, ApocJtremp'sia. Chremp'sis,
Ptysis, Anacine'ma, Anacine'ais,  (¥.) Expuilion,
Sputation,  from  ex, ' out of,' and spuo, ' I spit.'
Rejection  of the matters accumulated in the pha-
rynx and larynx; spitting.
  EXSTASIS, Ecstasis,
  EXSTIRPATIO, Extirpation.
  EXSTROPH'IA, Ex'atrophy, Ec'etrophe, from
tl, ' out of,' and orpo<Pn, ' turning.'   Exfrover'aio,
Extrover'eion. Eversion or turning Put of a part 
EXSUCCATIO             364              EXTENSOR
.--as of the eyelids.  A term used  by M. Chaus-
sier  for  certain displacements  of organs, and
especially of  the urinary bladder.
  Exstroph'ia or Ex'strophy of  the Bladder,
(F.) Renversement de la Veesie, is a  faulty con-
formation, in which the organ opens above the
pubes ; so that in the hypogastric region there is
a red,  mucous surface, formed by the inner coat
of the bladder; on  which two prominences are
distinguishable, corresponding to  the  openings
of the ureters.
  EXSUCCATIO. Ecchymoma.
  EXSUCTIO, Sue'tio, Ecmyzc'sis, from ex, and
eugere, sitctum, ' to suck.' The action of sucking.
  EXSUDATIO, Ephidrosis.
  EXSUFFLATIO, Ecphysesis.
  EXTA, see Entrails.
  EXTASE, Ecstasis.
  EXTEMPORA'NEOUS, Extempora'neus, Ex-
tempora'lis, (¥.) ExtemporanS, from ex, and tern-
pus, temporis, ' out of time.'  Those prescriptions
are called 'extemporaneous,' or 'magistral,'which
are made on the spot, and composed according to
the prescription of the phvsician.
   EXTENSEUR  COMMUN DES  DOIGTS,
Extensor digitorum communis —  e.  Commun des
orteils, Extensor communis digitorum pedis — e.
Court  du pouce, Extensor pollicis brevis—e. Long
du pouce. Extensor longus pollicis — e. Petit des
orteils, Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis — e.
Propre du petit doigt, Extensor  proprius minimi
digiti — e. Propre de lIndex, Extensor proprius
indicis.
   EXTENSIBILITY, Exteneibilitae.  A pro-
perty, possessed by certain bodies, of being ca-
pable  of extension or elongation.
  EXTENSIO, Extension, Tetanus.
   EXTEN'SION, Exten'sio,  Tasia, Ec'taaia, Ca-
talaaia,  Analasia,  from extendere, (ex, and ten-
dere, tensum.) 'to stretch out.' An operation in
surgery, in which either with  the hands alone, or
by straps, a fractured or luxated  limb  is  pulled
strongly, to restore it to its natural position.  It
,s the  opposite of Counter-exteneion.
  EXTENSOR.  Same etymon.  (F.) Exleneeur.
A muscle, whose office is to extend certain parts.
   Extensor Brevis Digito'rum  Pedis,  Ped'i-
cus, (¥.) CalcanSo-phalanginien  commun, of Du-
mas ; Muscle pSdieux ou petit exteneeur dea orteila,
CalcanSo-aua-pholangettien commun—(Ch.), CarrS
du pied ; Short Extensor of the Toes.   A muscle,
situate on the dorsal region of the foot. It arises
from the external surface of  the calcaneum, and
at the anterior edge of a ligament, which  unites
that bone to  the astragalus.  Anteriorly, each of
its  divisions terminates by a small tendon,  .which
is fixed successively, at the superior  part  of the
posterior extremity  of  the first phalanx of the
great toe, and to the second  and  last phailanges
of the next  three toes.  Its  use is to extend the
first four toes, and to direct them a little outwards.
  Extensor Carpi  .Radialis BREviOR.seeRadi-
alis — e. Carpi radialis  longior, see Radialis — e.
Carpi  ulnaris, see Cubital muscles.
  Extensor Commu'nis Digito'rum Pedis,  E.
Longus  Digitorum  Pedis, E. Digitorum  lonque,
Ciiemotfactyla'tie, (¥.) PSronSo-tibi-eue-phalanget-
tien commun, PSronSosue-phalangetticn commun,
Exteneeur commun  dee  Orteile.   This  muscle,
also, is situate at the anterior part of the leg.  It
is long, thin, flattened, simple, and fleshy above,
and divided  into four tendons below.  It arises
from the outer tuberosity of the tibia and the an-
terior surface of the fibula, and is inserted into
the superior  part of the posterior extremity  of
the second and third phalanges of the last four
foes.   It  extends the three phalanges  of these
toes.
  Fttensob Digito'rum Commu'nis, E. digito-
rum communis manus cum cxtenso're pro'prio auri-
cula'ris,  Digito'rum  Tensor;  (¥.)  Epicondylo-
aue-phalangettien  commun — (Ch.,) — Exteneeur
commun dee Doigte, Common Exteneor of the Fin-
gere.  A long, flattened muscle;  simple  above,
and divided into four portions inferiorly.  It is
situate at  the posterior  part  of  the  forearm;
arises from the external tuberosity of the hume-
rus ; from  the  aponeurosis of  the forearm, and
from the aponeurotic septa situate between it and
the neighbouring muscles, and  is inserted at the
posterior surface of the second and third  pha-
langes of the last four fingers.   This muscle ex-
tends the phalanges of the last four fingers upon
each other, and upon the metacarpal bone.  It
can, also, extend the hand on the forearm.
  Extensor Digitorum  Longus,  E. communis.
digitorum pedis — e. Longus digitorum pedis, E.
communis digitorum pedis—e.  Proprius hallucis,
E. proprius pollicis pedis—e. Indicis, E. proprius
indicis — e. Internodii ossis pollicis,  E.  longus
pollicis — e.  Primi  internodii, Abductor  longus
pollicis.
  Extensor Pol'licis Brevis, E. minor pallida
manue seu primi interno'dii  seu pol'licis  primus
seu eecun'di interno'dii (Douglas,) seu eecun'di
interno'dii osaie pollieie ; (¥.) Cubito-aua-phalait-
gien du pouce,—(Ch.), Court  exteneeur du pouce.
Seated at the posterior and  inferior part of the
forearm.  It is thin, long,  and broader at  its
middle than at the  extremities.   It arises  from
the posterior surface of the  ulna  and the inter-
osseous ligament, and is inserted behind the su-
perior extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the
thumb.  It extends  the thumb, and aids in supi-
nation.
  Extensor Pol'licis Longus; E. major pol'li-
cis  manus  seu eecun'di interno'dii seu pallida
Becun'dua seu  ter'tii interno'dii (Douglas,) seu
interno'dii oaaia pol'licia, {¥.) Cubito-aua-pholan-
gettien du pouce,—(Ch.), Mnecle long extenseitr du
pouce.  This muscle is long, flat, and fusiform;
and is seated at the  posterior part of the forearm.
It arises from the posterior  surface of the  ulna
and the interosseous ligament,  and is inserted at
the posterior part of the superior extremity of the
first phalanx of the  thumb.  It extends the last
phalanx of the thumb upon the first.
  Extensor  Pro'prius  In'dkis,  E. proprius
primi dig"iti  manue, E. In'dicie,  Indica'tor seu
aecitn'di  interno'dii  in'dicie  pro'prius. (¥.)  Cu-
bito-sua-phalangettien  de VIndex,—(Ch.),  Exten-
eeur propre de lIndex.  This muscle is long and
thin; broader in the middle than at the extremi-
ties ;  and is situate  at the posterior part of tbe
forearm.  It arises from the  posterior  surface  of
the ulna, and is inserted at the posterior  part of
the upper extremity of the second  and third pha-
langes of the index-finger.  It extends the three
phalanges of the index-finger; and has, besides,
the same us.es as  the other  extremities  of the
fingers.
  Extensor Pro'prius  Min'imi  Dig"iti, (F.)
Epicondylo-eiia-phalangettien  du  petit doigt,—
(Ch.), Extenseitr propre du petit  doigt.   Situate
on the inside of the Exteneor communis digito'rum.
It arises from  the   external  condyle  of  the  os
humeri and the aponeurotic septa seated between
it, the extensor  communis  digitorum, and the
extensor carpi  ulnaris; and  is inserted into the
last two phalanges of  the littlo finger.  Its use is
to extend  the little finger,  and even the  hand
upon the forearm.
  Extensor Pro'prius Pol'licis  Pedis,  E. pro-
priue Hallucie seu Longua (Douglas,) seu  pollicis
longua, PSronSo-eue-phalangien du pouce. PSronSo-
ene-phalangettien du pouce,—(Ch.)   This  muscle
is situate at the anterior part of  the  leg.  It ia 
EXTENUATIO             365              EXTRACTUM
 fleshy, broad, flat  above;  small and tendinous
 below.   It arises from the anterior part of the
 middle third of the fibula, and is inserted into the
 posterior part of the  superior extremity of the
 last phalanx of  the great  toe.   It extends the
 last phalanx of the great toe upon the first, and
 the first upon the first metacarpal bone.
   Extensor Primi Internodii, E. pollicis brevis
 — e. Secundi internodii, E. pollicis  brevis, Ex-
 tensor longus pollieis — e. Secundi internodii  in-
 dicis proprius, E. proprius indicis—e. Tertii inter-
 nodii, E.  longus pollicis —e. Tertii internodii
 indicis, Prior annularis —e. Tertii internodii mi-
 Diini digiti,  Abductor minimi digiti — e. Ossis
 metacarpi pollicis manus, Abductor  longus pol-
 licis—e. Pollicis longus, E. proprius pollicis pedis
 —e. Pollicis  secundus, E. longus pollicis—e. Mi-
 nor pollicis manus, E. pollicis brevis — e. Primus
 pollicis, Abductor longus pollieis.
   Extensor Tarsi Magnus,  E. Tarei eura'lie.
 A name given, by some anatomists, to the gas-
 trocnemius and soleus combined.
   Extensor Tarsi  Minor, Plantar muscle.
   EXTENUATIO,  Emaciation.
   EXTERGENTIA, Detergents.
   EXTER'NAL  DISEASES, Extrin'eic  Dis-
 eases, Morbi extrin'eeci,  Surgical diseases, (¥.)
 Maladies externes.   Those diseases which occupy
 the surface of the body, and form the object of
 surgical pothology, requiring, generally, external
 means, or surgical operations.
   EXTERNA T.  The post or office of an externe.
   EXTERNE, see  House-surgeon.
   EXTERNUS AURIS, Laxator tympani — e.
 Mallei, Laxator tympani.
   EXTESTICULATUS, Castratus,. Eunuch.
   EXTINCTIO,  Death—e. Hydrargyri, Ex-
 tinction of Mercury—e. Mercurii, Extinction of
 Mercury.
   Extinction Vocis, (F.) Extinction de voix.  The
 French use this term for cases  in which the voice
 is not wholly suppressed, but produces only fee-
 ble sounds :—Incomplete aphonia.
   Extinc'tion of Mer'cury, Extinc'tio Mercu'rii
 seu Hydrar'gyri.   Trituration of mercury with
 lard or other substance, until the metallic globules
 disappear.   The mercury is then so divided, that
 it forms a black  powder,  generally  considered
 to be a protoxide of mercury, but, perhaps, erro-
 neously.
   EXTIRPATIO, Extirpation—e. Linguae, Glos-
 sosteresis—e. Testiculorum, Castratio.
   EXTIRPATION,  Extirpa'tio, Exstirpa'tio,
 Abla'tio, Apha'resis,  from extirpare,  (ex, and
 stirps, 'a root,') 'to root out.'   The complete re-
 moval  or destruction  of any part, either by cut-
 ting instruments or  the action  of caustics.  Thus,
 we  speak of the extirpation of cancer, polypus,
 encysted tumour, Ac.
   EXTOMIUS, Eunuch.
   EXTOZOA,  Ectozoa.
   EXTOZOAIRES, Ectozoa.
   EXTOZOARIA, Ectozoa.
   EXTRA - PEL VIO-PUBI- TROCHANTE-
 RIEN,  Obturator externus.
   EXTRACT, Extractum — e. of Aconite, Ex-
 tractum aconiti—e.  of Aconite, alcoholic, Extrac-
 tum aconiti  alcoholicum — e. Alcoholic, see Ex-
 tractum— e. of Aloes, Extractum aloes — e. of
 Bark, Extractum cinchonae—e. of Bark, resinous,
• Extractum cinchonae resinosum—e. of Belladonna,
 Extractum belladonna? — e. of Belladonna, alco-
 holic, Extractum  belladonnre alcoholicum — e.
 of  Bittersweet,  Extractum dulcamarae —e.  of
 Broom-tops, Extractum cacuminum  genistae—e.
 of Butternut, Extractum juglandis—e. of  Casca-
 rilla, resinous, Extractum cascarillae resinosum—
 e. of Chamomile, E. anthemidis—e. of Cinchona,
 Extractum cinchonae—e. of Colchicum, Extract
of Colchicum — e.  of Colchicum, acetic, Extrac-
tum colchici  aceticum—e. of Colocynth, Extrac-
tum colocynthidis — e. of Colocynth, compound,
Extractum colocynthidis  compositum—e. of Cu-
bebs,  fluid, Extractum cubebae fluidum — e. of
Dandelion, Extractum taraxaci—e. of Elaterium,
Extractum elaterii— e.  of  Ergot,  Ergotin — e.
Ethereal,  see Extractum — e. of Foxglove,  Ex-
tractum digitalis—e. of Gentian, Extractum ger.-
tianae—e. of  Hemlock, Extractum  cicutae—e. of
Hellebore, black,  Extractum hellebori — e. of
Hemlock, alcoholic, Extractum conii alcoholicum
— e. of Henbane, Extractum hyoscyanii— e. of
Henbane, alcoholic, Extractum hyoscyanii alco-
holicum— e.   of  Hops,  Extractum  humili, E.
lupuli — e. of Jalap, Extractum jalapae — e. of
Lettuce,  Extractum lactucae — e.  of  Liquorice,
Extractum glycyrrhizae—e. of Logwood, Extrac-
tum  haematoxyli — e.  of Mayapple, Extractum
podophylli—e. of Meat, saponaceous,  Osmazome
—e. of Nux Vomica, Extractum nucis vomicae—
e. of  Oak-bark, Extractum corticis quercfls — e.
of Pareira Brava,  Extractum  pareirae — e. of
White Poppy, Extractum papaveris—e. of Quas-
sia, Extractum quassiae—e. of Quinia, Extractum
quiniae—e. of Rhatany, Extractum krameriae—e.
of Rhubarb,  Extractum  rhei — e.  of  Rhubarb.
fluid,  Extractum rhei fluidum — e. of Rue, Ex-
tractum rutae—e. of Sarsaparilla, Extractum sar-
saparillae — e. of Sarsaparilla,  fluid, Extractum
sarsaparillae  fluidum — e. of Savine, Extractum
foliorum sabinae — e. of Senna, fluid, Extractum
sennae fluidum — e. of Spigelia and Senna, Ex-
tractum spigeliae et sennas — e. of Stramonium,
Extractum stramonii—e.  of Uva Ursi, Extractum
uvae ursi—e.  of Valerian,  Extractum Valerianae
— e. of Wormwood, Extractum cacuminum ab-
sinthii.
  EXTRACTA, see Extractum — e. Fluida, see
Extractum.
  EXTRACTIF, Extractive.
  EXTRACTION, Extrac'tio, Esa'resis,  Ex-
ogo'ge,  Exolce,  Exelcys'mus,  Enchylo'eia, from
extrahere, extractum, (ex, and trahere,) 'to draw
out.'  The act of  removing an extraneous  sub-
stance from  any  part of the body.   Thus,  a
splinter is said to be extracted.   It is also ap-
plied to the removal of certain  parts.   The cata-
ract is said to be extracted; a tooth is extracted,
when carious, Ac
  EXTRACTIVE, (F.) Extractif.  Same  ety-
mon.   A  peculiar,  immediate  principle,  which
has been  admitted  in  extracts.   Thus, bitter
extractive is  the immediate  principle of bitter
vegetables, Ac.
  EXTRACTS, see Extractum —e.  Fluid, see
Extractum.
  EXTRACTUM, Extract, Ecchylo'ma,  (¥.)
Extrait,  ApostolS.  Same etymon. An extract
is prepared by evaporating vegetable  solutions,
till a tenacious mass is obtained. When prepared
from an infusion or decoction, it is called a watery ;
from  ether, an ethereal;  and  from alcohol, an
alcoholic or  a epirituoue extract.   Both  kinds
contain all the principles of the vegetable  that
are soluble in the  menstrua with which they are
prepared;  but the volatile parts are  dissipated,
and some of the fixed parts are  decomposed; the
proper extractive is oxygenized, and the virtues
of the vegetable substance consequently altered
or destroyed.  Extracts are hard,  eoft, or  fluid :
the consistence of the soft being such as to retain
the pilular form without the addition of a powder.
A patent  was taken out,  many years ago, by a
Mr. Barry, of London,  for  preparing  them in
vacuo;  and,  as the temperature is much lower
than in the ordinary method, the virtues  of the
plant  are less altered, and the extracts are gene-
rally green.  Extracts  are also prepared by di»- 
EXTRACTUM
366
EXTRACTUM
placement or percolation.  They have, likewise,
received different names, according to their pre-
dominant principle.  The gummy or mucoua, or
mucilaginous, are those  which are mainly com-
posed  of gum or  mucilage.   Gum  tragacanth
may be considered a pure gummy extract.  Gela-
tinous extracts  are  those composed especially of
gelatin ; resinous  extracts, those of a resinous
character; extracto-resinoua, those composed of
extractive or colouring  matter and resin; gum-
r- dnoua, those containing gum  and resin;  and
ectpona'ceoite or eaponilceoue  ealine, those con-
taining a notable  quantity of saline substances
and a resinous matter, so combined with mucus
and other soluble substances, that they cannot be
separated.  Under the name Fluid  Extracta —
Extracta Flu'ida — a class of preparations  has
been introduced into the United States Pharma-
copoeia (1851), the  distinctive  character of which
is,  the concentration of the active ingredients of
medicinal substances  into a  small  bulk, in the
liquid form.  Extractum sarsaparillae fluidum  is
one of these.
   Extractum  Absin'thii Cacu'minum, Extract
of Wormwood.   (A decoction  defecated and  tra-
porated.)  The flavour  is dissipated along with
the essential oil.   It is a bitter tonic.   Dose, gr.
x to ^j, in pill.
   Extractum Aconi'ti,  Extract of Ac'onite, Suc-
cus spissa'tue aconiti napelli, {from the inspieaated
juice  without, defecation.)  It is esteemed to be
narcotic and diuretic; and has been given in the
eases-referred  to under  Aconitum.  Dose, gr.  j,
gradually increasing it.
   Extractum  Aconi'ti Alcohol'icum, Alcoholic
Extract of Aconite.  (Aconit.  in  pulv. crass. Ibj;
Alcohol, dilut. Oiv.   Moisten the aconite with
half a pint of diluted  alcohol: let it stand for 24
hours: transfer it  to  a  displacement  apparatus,
and gradually  add the remainder of tbe  diluted
alcohol.  When the last portion of this has pene-
trated  the  aconite, pour in  from  time to time
water sufficient to keep the powder covered.
Stop tbe filtration when the liquid which  passes
begins to produce a  precipitate, as it falls,  in
that  which has already passed.  Distil  off the
alcohol, and evaporate to a proper consistence.—
Ph. U. S.)  Dose, half a grain or a grain.
   Extractum Al'oes, Extract of Aloee, E. aloes
aquo'eum seu pnrifica'turn, Pu'rified  extract of
aloes.  (The gummy  part  extracted  by  boiling
wafer, defecarted and insjrissated.)  Dose, gr. v  to
gr. xv.
   Extractum  Aloes Aquosum, E.  aloes — e.
Aloes purificatum,  E.  aloes.
   Extractum  Anthem'idis,  E.  anthemidis  no'-
hilis seu chamame'li seu florum chamame'li, Ex-
tract, of Cliam'oinile.  The volatile oil is dissipated
in  this preparation.  It  is a pure, grateful bitter,
and is tonic and  stomachic.  Dose, gr. x to gr.
xx, in pills.
   Extractum  Asparagi, see  Asparagus.
   Extractum  Belladon'nje, Succua  apisaa'tua
at'ropa belladon'na, Extreid  of Bell a don'n a (an
expreaaed juice inspissated).    Properties  same
as those of the plant.  Dose, gr.  J,  gradually
increased.  It  dilates the pupil  when applied  to
the eye.
   Extractum  Belladonna  Alcohol'icum, Al-
coholic extract of Belladonna.   (Prepared  like
the extractum aconiti alcoholicum.—Ph. U. S.)
Dose, half a grain  or a grain.
   Extractum  Cannabis, see Bangue.
   Extractum  Carnis,  Ext met of Flesh,  An
extract  formed by evaporating  beef  tea in  a
water-bath.  It can be kept for  sale.  An ounce
of it may represent thirty-two ounces of meat.
   Extractum  Cascaril'l e  Resino'sum, Res'-
inou8 extract of cascarilla.  (Cort. cascarilla,  in
pulv.  crass. Ihj;  Sp.  vini red. Ibiv.  Digest for
four days;  then decant and strain;  boil the resi-
duum in ten  pints of water  to two; filter and
evaporate the decoction, and  distil the tincture
in a retort, till both are thickened;  then mix and
evaporate to a pilular consistence.)  Dose, gr. x
to gr. xx, in pills.
   Extractum Catechu,  Catechu — e. Catharti-
cum,  E. Colocynthidia compositum.
  Extractum Cathol'icum, (F.) Extrait Uatho-
lique. 'This epithet is given to pills composed of
aloes, black  hellebore, and colocynth, re-in  of
jalap, and  scammony.  See, also, Extractum co.
locynthidis compositum.
   Extractum Chamameli, E. Anthemidis — e.
Cicutae, E. Conii.
   Extractum Cincho'na, E. Cor'ticie Peruvia'ni
seu Ciiicho'niB Molle,  Extract  of Cincho'na or of
Bark.  (A decoction evaporated.)   The  active
principles  are similar to  those of the  bark  in
substance; but it is  not so  effectual, owing to
the chymical  change  induced  in the drug during
the boiling.  When reduced, by drying, tfl a state
fit for being powdered, it is called  the Hard Ex-
tract  of Bark, Extrac'tum Cor'ticia Peruvia'ni
durum,  E.  Cincho'na durum.   Dose, gr. x to fit*.
   Extractum Cinchona Flava, of the Pharma-
copoeia  of the United  States (1842), is directed to
be  prepared as follows:  Yellow Bark, in coarse
powder, Ibj;  Alcohol, Oiv;  Water,  a  sufficient
quantity.  Macerate  the Peruvian  bark with the
alcohol  for four days; then  filter  by a displace-
ment apparatus,  and when the liquid ceases .to
pass,  pour  gradually  on the bark water sufficient
to keep its surface covered.  When  the  filtered
tincture measures four pints, set  it aside, ;uul
proceed with the  filtration until six pints of infu-
sion are obtained.  Distil off the alcohol from the
tincture and evaporate the infusjon  till the liquids
are respectively brought to the consistence of thin
honey;  then  mix and evaporate to  form an ex-
tract.—Ph. U. S.
   Extractum Cincho'na Pal'lida (Ph. L A E.)
May  be prepared in the same  manner.
   Extractum Cinchona  Resino'sum,  E. Cin-
chona lancifo'lia seu Cinchona Rubra rcaino'-
aum,  Rea'inoua Extract  of Bark,  E. Cincho'na
Resina.   The aqueo-spirituous extract contains
both  the extractive and resin of the bark.  Dose,
gr. x  to xxx.
   Extractum Cincho'na Rubra (Ph. U. S.),
may be prepared in the same manner as Extrac-
tum cinchonae flavae.
   Extractum Col'chici,  Extract  of Colchicum,
(Ph.  L.,) is prepared  in the same manner as Ex-
tractum Aconiti.   Dose, one or two grains.
   Extrac'tum Col'chici Ace'ticum, Ace'tous or
Ace'tic  Extract  of Colchicum.   (Co/chic.  rad.  in
pulv. crass. Ibj, Acid. acet. f^iv, Aqua q. s.  To
the acid add a pint  of water, and  mix this with
the root.  Put the mixture in a percolator, and
pour  on water until  the liquid that passes has
little  or no taste.  Evaporate to a proper consist-
ence.   Ph. U. S.)  Dose, gr. j to gr.  iij.
   Extractum Colocyn'thidis, Extract of Colo-
cynth.  (Ph. L. A E.) A  cathartic,  in the doss
of from gr. v to 5Jss.
   Extractum Colocyn'tuidis Compos'itum,  E.
 Cathur'ticum  seu Cathol'icum  seu  Querceta'ni,
 Compound  Extract   of  Colocynth.    (Colocynth.
pulp, concis. ^vj, Aloes pulv. jfxij, Seammon.
pulv. ^iv,  Cardamom, pulv. ^j,  Saponis ^iij,
Alcohol, dilut. cong.   Macerate the  pulp in the
spirit at a  gentle  heat for four days;  strain; add
the aloes and scammony; then distil off the spirit
and mix in the cardamom seeds. Ph. U. S.)  It
is an active cathartic, and is used in obstinate
visceral obstructions,  Ae.  Dose, gr.  vj to  Z<s.
   Extractum Coni'i, E.  Cicu'ta,  Succif  acuta 
EXTRACTUM              367              EXTRACTUM
tpiaaa'tua, S. apiaeatue conii macula'ti. Extract of
Hemlock.   (Expressed juice  inspissated  vithoiit
defecation.)  Employed in the same cases as the
conium.   Dose, gr. iij to J)j.
  Extractum  Conii  Alcohol'icum, Alcoholic
Extract  of Hemlock.  (Prepared  like  the Ex-
tractum aconiti alcoholicum.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose,
two or three grains.
  Extractum  Convolvuli Jalapa, E. jalapae
—e.  Corticis Peruviani. E. Cinchonae.
  Extract'um Cubeb'a  Flu'idum, Fluid Ex-
tract  of  Cubebe.  (Cttbebe  exhausted by  ether
through percolation,  and the  solution evaporated.
Ph. U. S.)  Dose, from 5  to 30 minims.
  Extractum Digita'lis, Extract of Foxglove.
Prepared like  Extractum conii.  Dose, from half
a grain to two grains.
  Extractum Dulcama'ra,  Extract  of Bitter-
sweet.   (Prepared by displacement  from bitter-
sweet in coarse powder.—Ph. U. S.)
  Extractum Elate'rii,  Elate'rium, Extract of
Elaterium.  (The fecula of the expressed juice.)
It is violently cathartic, hydragogue, and  some-
times  emetic  Dose,  gr.  ss  every hour  till it
operates.
  Extractum Ergota, Ergotin.
  Extractum Genis'ta Cacu'minum, Extract of
Broom  Tope.   Diuretic and stomachic.  Dose,
fi&s. to 3j.
  Extractum  Gentia'na, E. Gentia'na  hi tea
seu  Radicia  Gentia'na,   Extract of  Gen'tian.
 (The evaporated decoction.)   Prepared  also by
 displacement.—Ph. U. S.)  Properties like those
 of Gentian.  Dose, gr. x to ^ss.
   Extractum Glycyrrhi'za, Succue Glycyrrhi'-
za  inapissa'tiia seu  Liquirit"ia, Spanish  Juice,
 Italian Juice, Extract  of Liquorice.  (The eva-
 porated decoction.)   It is demulcent, taken ad
 libitum.
   Refined Liquorice, which  is  sold in  the form
 of cylinders, is made by gently  evaporating  a
 solution of the pure extract of liquorice with half
 its weight of gum Arabic, rolling the mass  and
 cutting it into lengths, and  then  polishing, by
 rolling them together in a box.
   Extrac'tum  Gram'inis,  Extract of  Grass.
 An extract prepared from Triticum repens.   It is
 considered by the Germans to be a mild  tonic;
 and is  greatly used, especially  in convalescence
 from fever. It is probably devoid  of all injurious
 properties, ana1 as probably totally inefficacious.
   Extractum  Hamatox'yli,  E. Hamatox'yll
 Campechia'ni seu Scobie  Hamatox'yli, Extract
 of Logwood.   (The evaporated decoction.)   It is
 astringent.  Dose, gr. x to fij.
   Extractum  Helleb'ori,  E. Hellebori  nigri,
 Extract of Black Hellebore.   (The evaporated
 decoction.)  In large doses, this is cathartic; in
 smaller,  diuretic, resolvent,  [?]  and emmena-
 gogue.  [?]  Dose, as a cathartic, gr. x to Qj ; as
 an emmenagogue, gr. iij to gr. x.
  Extractum Hellebori, of the  Pharmacopoeia
of the  United States (1842), is prepared  from
Black  Hellebore, in  coarse powder, like the Ex-
tractum aconiti alcoholicum.
  Extractum  Hu'muli, E.  Lu'puli, Extract of
hope.  (The evaporated decoction.)  It  is  tonic,
anodyne, [?] diuretic [?]   Dose, gr. v to fij.
  Extractum  Hyoscy'ami,  Succus  epiaaa'tus
Hyoacyami, Extract  of Henbane.  (The expresaed
juice, inspissated without defecation.) Its virtues
are narcotic.  Dose, gr. v to  Qss.
  Extractum  Hyoscyami Alcohol'icum, Alco-
holic Extract of Henbane.   (Prepared from leaves
of Hyoscyamus,  in  coarse powder, like  the Ex-
tractum aconiti  alcoholicum.—Ph. U. S.)  Dose,
one  or two grains.
  Extractum  Jala'pa,  E.   Convolvuli Jalapa
seu Jala'pii seu  Jala'pi,  Extract of Jalap.  (A
| apirituoua tincture distilled;  and an aqueous de-
 coction evaporated; the residua being mixed toge-
 ther : kept both soft and  hard.)  It is cathartic
 and hydragogue.  D >se, gr. x to ^j-
    Extractum Jalapa of the Ph.  U. S. is  pre-
' pared like Extractum cinchonae, Ph. TJ.  S.
    Extractum   Jalapa  Resino'sum,  Ilexlna
 Jala'pa, Ree'inous Extract  of Jalap.  This  is
 cathartic.
    Extractum Juglan'dis, Extract  of Butternut.
 (Prepared  by displacement  from  butternut,  in
 coarse powder.—Ph. U. S.)
    Extractum Krame'ria, Extract of Rhatamj
 (Prepared  by displacement  from  rhatavy,  in
I coarse powder.—Ph. U. S.)
    Extractum Lactc'ca, Succue epiaea'tite Lac-
 tuca eati'va, Extract of Lettuce.   (Leavea  of
 fresh lettuce Ibj ;  beat them in a stone mortar,
 sprinkling them with water;  then  express the
 juice and evaporate,  without allowing it to  sub-
 side until it  acquires a proper degree of consist-
 ence.)  It is said to be narcotic and diophoretic.
 Dose, gr. iij to.gr. x.
    An extract is, sometimes, made from the juice
 of the wild lettuce, Lactuca viro'sa, which is re-
 garded as diuretic.
    Extractum Martis Aceticum, Ferri Acetas—
 e. Nucis Vomicae,  see Strychnos nux vomica.
    Extractum Nucis Vom'ica, Extract of  Nux
  Vomica  (Nucis  Vomic. Ibj ;  Alcohol, q. s.  Ex-
 pose the nux vomica to steam until  it is softened,
 slice, dry and grind  to  powder.   Put it  into  a
 percolator, and  pour alcohol  upon  it gradually,
 until the liquor passes without bitterness.  Filter,
 distil off the alcohol,  and evaporate.  Ph. U. S.)
 Dose, from half  a grain to two grains.
    Extractum O'pii,  E. Opii  aqvo'eum seu The-
 ba'ieitm  seu Opii gumma'enm, Extract of Opium,
 Lau'danum opia'tum sen eimplex, Opium cola'turn
 seu depura'titm.   (A watery solution  defecated
 etnd evaporated.)  Dose, gr. ss to  gr. v,—about
 half that of opium
    Extractum Panchymago'gum.  A drastic me-
 dicine,  composed  of  colocynth, bruised with its
 eeede ; eenna bruised ; black hellebore root, Aga-
 ric, Scammony, in powder, Extract  of Aloe8, and
 Powder  of Diarrhodon.
    Extractum Papav'eris,  E. Papav'erie  som-
 nif'eri seu Papareria  albi, Extract of white poppy.
 (The decoction evaporated.)   It possesses  nearly
 the same virtues as opium, but is much weaker.
 Dose, gr. ij to 9j.
    Extractum Parei'ra,  Extract of Pareira
 Brava.  Prepared like Extractum  Haematoxyli.
 Dose, ten grains to half a drachm.
    Extractum Pip'eris Flu'idum, Fluid Extract
 of Black Pepper.  (Black pepper exhausted by
 ether through percolation, the solution evaporated,
 and the piperin in crystals separated by expres-
 sion.  Ph. U. S.)  Dose, one or two minims.
    Extractum  Podophyl'li, Extract of May-
 apple.   (Prepared from podophyllum, in  coarse
 powder,  in the same  manner as  the Extract of
 cinchona.—Ph.  U. S.)  Dose, gr. v to gr. xv,  as
 a cathartic
    Extractum Purgans, see Hedera helix — e.
 Quercetani, E. Colocynthidis compositum.
    Extractum  Quas'sia,  Extract of  Quassia.
 (Prepared  by displacement from Quassia rasped.
 —Ph. U. S.)  Dose, as a tonic, five grains.
    Extractum  Cor'ticis  Quercus, Extract of
 oak bark.  ( The. decoction evaporated.)  It is as-
 tringent and tonic.
    Extractum Qui'nia, Quinia eulphae impu'rus.
 This is  made by evaporating the liquor poured
 off the crystals  of sulphate of quinia to the con-
 sistence  of a pilular  mass.   Twenty-four  grains
 will generally arrest an intermittent.
    Extractum Rhei,  Extract of Rhubetrb.  (A 
EXTRACTUM             368              EXUVIATION
solution in diluted alcohol  evaporated.)   Uses
like those of the powdered root.  Dose, gr. x.
to t^ss.
  Extractum Rhei flu'idum, Fluid Extract of
Rhubarb.  (Rhej in  pulv. crass. 3V''J' Sacchar.
,^v, Tinct. Zingib. f.^ss, 01. fanient., Ol.  anie.
aik THJv;  Alcohol, d'ilut. q.  s.  Digest the rhu-
barb,  mixed with an equal bulk of coarse  sand,
with  gxij of the  diluted alcohol for 24 hours.
Put the  mass into the  percolator, and  pour on
diluted alcohol until the liquid that passes has
little odour or taste of rhubarb; evaporate tof^jv;
dissolve it in the sugar,  and  mix the tincture of
ginger and oils.   Ph. U. S.)  Dose, f 5Jj.
   Extractum Rc'dii, Extract of  Rudiue, (¥.)
Extrait  de  Ruditia.  Pills  made of colocynth,
agaric,  eeammony, roote of black hellebore and
jalap, eocotrine aloes, cinnamon, mace, clovee, and
alcohol.
   Extractum Ruta  Graveolen'tis, E.  Ruta
seu folio'rum Ruta,  Extract of Rue.  (A decoc-
tion  evaporated.)  Tonic, stomachic.  The vola-
tile oil being dissipated  in the  boiling, this is not
a good preparation.  Dose, gr. x to ^j.
   Extractum  Folio'rum Sabi'na/ Extract of
Savine.  (A decoction evaporated.)  Tonic.   The
same remarks may be made on this preparation
as on the last.   Dose, gr. x  to gss.
   Extractum Sanguinis Bovini, see Blood.
   Extractum Sarsaparil'la, Extract of Sar-
saparilla.  (A  etrained decoction evaporated.)
Virtues the same as those of the powdered root.
Dose, gr. x to ^j-  Extractum Sarsaparilla of
the  United States Pharmacopoeia  is prepared
from  Sarsaparilla, in coarse  powder, like the Ex-
tractum  aconiti alcoholicum.
   Extractum Sarsaparilla  flu'idum, E. Sarsa
Liq'uidum,  E. Sarza Fluidum, Fluid Extract of
Sursaparilla.   (Sarsaparill.  concis. et contus.
^xyi, Glyeyrrhiz. contus.,  Saasafr. rad. contus.,
aa t^ij, Mezerei  concis.  ^vj, Sacchar. ^xij, Alco-
hJ.  dilut. Oviij.  Macerate, with the exception
nf the sugar, for 14 days ; express and filter; eva-
porate to f.^xij ;  and add the  sugar.  Ph. U. S.)
Dose, a fluidrachm.
   Extractum  Saturni, Goulard's, Liquor
plumbi  subacetatis — e. Scobis haematoxyli, E.
haematoxyli.
   Extractum  Senna  flu'idum,  Fluid Extract
of Senna.   (Senna in pulv.  crass. Ibijss; Sac-
 char. ,^xx;  Ol. Fcenicul. f£y, Sp. jEther. com-
 poa.  f^ij ;  Alcohol, dilut. Oiv.  Mix the  senna
 and diluted alcohol; let the mixture stand  for 24
 hours ;  put it into a percolator, and gradually
 pour on water mixed with  one-third its bulk of
 alcohol, until a gallon and a half of liquid shall
 have passed; evaporate to f^xx; add the  sugar,
 and,  when it is dissolved, the compound spirit of
 ether holding the oil in solution.   Dose, f 5ss.
   Extractum Spige'lia  et  Senna flu'idum,
 Fluid Extract of Spigelia  and Senna.   Spigel.
 in pulv.  crass.  Ibj ; Senna  in pulv. crass.  5'vj ;
 Sacchar. Ibiss; Potass, carbon. £vj ; Ol. Carui
  01.  Aniai,  aa, fjss:  Alcohol, dilut. q.  s.   Pour
 on the spigelia and senna Oij  of diluted alcohol;
 let it stand for 48 hours ; place it in a percolator.
 and pour on gradually diluted alcohol until half
 a gallon has  passed:  evaporate  to a pint;  add
 the   carbonate  of potassa; and afterwards the
 sugar, previously triturated with  the  oils,  and
 dissolve.  Ph. U. S.)
   Extractum Stramo'nii,  2?. Stramo'nii folio'-
 rum, (Ph. U. S.), Extract of  Stramo'nium or of
 Stramonium leavea.  (The expressed juice inspis-
 sated.)  The Extractum Stramo.nii  Sem'inie, Ex-
 tract of Stramonium Seed, is made from the pow-
 dered seed by meah-is of diluted alcohol, and with
 the  aid  of the  percolator:—the solution being
 ovaporated.  Ph. U. S.)  Used as  a narcotic in
asthma  and  other spasmodic affections.  Dose,
gr. ij to gr. x.
  Extractum Styracis, see Styrax.
  Extractum Tarax'aci, E. Herba et Radi'cie
Tarax'aci, Extract of Dandelion.  ( The etrained
juice evaporated.)  It has been considered deob-
struent, laxative, and diuretic. Dose, gr. x to !Jj.
  Extractum Thebaicum, E. Opii.
  Extractum Uva  Ursi, Extract of  Uva Urn.
(The Decoction  evaporated.)   Dose, gr. v to gr.
xxx.
  Extractum Valeria'na, Extract of Vale'rian.
(An expreaeed decoction evaporated.)  The  virtues
of the valerian being dependent upon its essential
oil, this is an objectionable preparation.  Dose,
gr. x to £j.
  Afluid extract of Valerian, Extractum Vale-
ria'na flu'idum,has been introduced into tbe last
edition of the Pharmacopoeia U. S. (1851). It is
prepared by exhausting the valerian by ether and
alcohol, through the  percolator, and evaporating.
Dose, f SJj or f gij.
   EXTRAIT, Extract—e. Alcoholique ke noix
vomique, see Strychnos nux vomica—e. de Kino,
Kino — e. dee Fruits,  Rob—e.  HSmostatique de
Bonjean, Ergotin—e. de Viande, Osmazome.
   EXTRA'NEOUS  BODY, Foreign body, from
extra,  ' without.'  Corpus extra'neum,  C.  exter-
num, C. alie'iinm, (¥.) Corps Stranger.  Any solid,
liquid, or gaseous  substance, inanimate  or ani-
mate, proceeding from without, or formed in the
body ; and which constitutes no  part of the body,
but occupies, in the  substance of the textures, or
some of the cavities, a place foreign to it.
   EXTRAVASATION, Extravasa'tio, Extrava'-
sion,  from  extra,  'out of,' and vasa,  'vessels.'
Escape of a fluid—extravasa'tum—from the ves
sel containing it, and infiltration or effusion of the
fluid into the surrounding textures.
   EXTRAVASATUM, see Extravasation
   EXTRAVASION, Extravasation.
   EXTREM'ITY,  Extrem'itas, (¥.) ExtrSmitS;
from extremus, 'the outermost;'  the end or termi-
nation  of a thing.  The limbs, acrote'ria, have
been so called,—as the upper and lower extremi-
ties.  See Membrum.   It has been, also,  used to
express  the last moments of life;  as when we
say, a patient is in 'extremity,'  (F.) le malade set
d I'extremitS, d toute extrSmitS.
   EXTRIN'SIC, Extrin'eeeus.   'From without.'
 That which  comes from without.  This term has
 been  used for muscles, which  surround  certain
 organs and attach  them to the neighbouring
 parts;  in order to  distinguish  them from other
 muscles, which  enter into the intimate composi-
 tion of those organs, and which have been named
 intrinsic.  Thus, there are extrinsic and intrinsic
 muscles of the tongue,  ear. Ac.
   EXTROVERSIO, Exstrophia.
   EXTUBERANTIA, Protuberance.
   EXTUBERATIO, Protuberance.
   EXTU.MEFACTIO,  Swelling.
   EXTUS'SIO, from  ex, and tussis,  'a  cough.'
 'I coueh with expectoration.'
   EXU'BER, from  ex, 'out of,' 'devoid of/ and
 libera, ' breasts ;' Apogalac'tos.   'A child which
 has been weaned.'
   EXUDATION  CORPUSCLES,  see  Corpus-
 cles, exudation.
   EXULCERATIO, Ecthlimma, Ulceration—e.
 Uteri.  Hysterelcosis—e. Ventriculi, Gastrelcosis.
   EXUMBILICATIO, Exomphalos.
   EXUSTIO. Cauterization.
   EXUTORIUM, Fonticulus.
   EXUTORY, Fonticulus.
   EXUVIAE, see Exuviation.
   EXUVIATION,  Exuvia'tio,  from exuere, 'to
 put off.'  The shedding or casting off of parts, as 
EYE                    369                   FACE
the deciduous teeth,  the  skins  of serpents, Ac,
which are hence called Exu'viee.
  EYE, Sax. ea5, Teuton. Auge, Oc'ulue, Ope,
Omnia,  Ophthalmoe,  Illoe,  Op'tiloa  (Doric,) Vt-
to'rium  Org'anum, (Sc) Ee,  plural Een, (F.) OHil.
The eye is the immediate  orgah of vision.  It is
seated in the orbit, while its dependencies, called
by Haller Tutam'ina  Oc'uli, occupy the circum-
ference  of the cavity, and are composed of the
eyebrows, the eyelids, cilia, glands of Meibomius,
Ac.  The Ball, Globe, or Bulb of the Eye, Bulbtta
Oc'uli,  is covered anteriorly by the tunica con-
junctiva; is moved by six muscles, four etraight,
two oblique, and is constituted  of membranes, as
the sclerotic, cornea,  choroid, tunica Jacobi, re-
tina, irie, hyaloid, and, in the foetus, the mem-
brana papillaris ; and of  fluids, called Humours,
or Media,—the arpteoua, crystalline, and vitreoue.
The eyeball is invested with a membranous tunic,
which separates  it from  the other structures of
the^orbit, and forms a smooth, hollow surface, by
which  its motions are  facilitated.   This  invest-
ment has been called cellular capsule  of the eye,
oc'ular  capsule, tu'nica vagina'lis oc'uli, vag"inal
coat, and eubmus'citlar,fascia of the eye.  The
vessels  of the eye proceed  from the  ophthalmic
artery.   The nerves, except the optic,  are chiefly
furnished from the  ophthalmic  ganglion.  The
following are the  dimensions, Ac, of  the organ,
on the  authority of Petit,  Young, Gordon,  and
Brewster:

Length  of the antero-posterior  diameter  of
   the eye............................................. 0.91
Vertical chord of the  cornea..................... 0.45
Versed  sine of the cornea........................ 0.11
Horizontal chord of the cornea................. 0.47
Size of pupil seen through the cornea, 0.27  to 0.13
Size of pupil  diminished  by  magnifying
   power of  cornea to, from.............0.25  to 0.12
Radius  of the anterior surface of the crystal-
   line................................................. 0.30
Radius  of posterior surface...................... 0.22
Principal focal distance of lens................. 1.73
Distance  of the  centre of  the optic  nerve
  .from  the foramen centrale  of Sommering... 0.11
Distance of the iris from the cornea........... 0.10
Distance of the iris from the anterior surface
  of the crystalline.................................  0.02
Field of vision above a horizontal line, 50° 1 . „no
Field of vision below a horizontal line, 70° J
Field of vision in a horizontal plane......... 150°
Diameter of the crystalline in a woman above
  fifty  years of age...............................0.37S
Diameter of the cornea..........................0.400
Thickness of the crystalline..................... 0.172
Thickness of the cornea..........................0.042

  Eye, Apple, see Melum—e. Apple of the, Pupil.
  Eye Balm, Hydrastis Canadensis.
  Eye-breek, Palpebra.
  Eye-breev, see Superciliunl.
  Eye   Bright,  Euphrasia  officinalis, Lobelia
Veronica—e.  Brow, Supercilium.
  Eye, Cat's, Amaurotic, see Amaurotic—e.  Cel-
lular capsule of the, see  Eye.
  Eye, Cylindrical.  An eye is so called  in
which the rays of light, on entering the organ, are
refracted to a nearer focus in a vertical  than  in
a horizontal plane.
  Eye Drop, Tear.
  Eye Glass, Scaphium oculare, see Spectacles.
Also, a glass adapted for the application of colly -
ria to the eye.
  Eye, Gum of the, Chaeaie.
  Eye Lashes, Cilia—e. Lid, Palpebra—e.  Lid,
granular, Trachoma — e. Melon, see Melum — e.
Purulent, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants.
  Eye Salve, Singleton's, Unguentum Hydrar-
gyri nitrico-oxydi; Eye-salve,  Smellome's, see
Cupri subacetas.
  Eye, Sight of  the, Pupil.
  Eye Stone.  The shelly operculum of small
turbinideae.   Used at Guernsey to get things out
of the  eyes.  Being put into the inner corner  of
the eye, under the eyelid, it works its way out
at the  outer  corner, and brings out any foreign
substance with it.—Gray.
  Eye Teeth, Canine teeth—e. of Typhon, Scil-
la—e. Water, Collyrium—e. Water, common, Li-
quor zinci sulphatis cum camphorS, — e. Water,
blue, Liquor  cupri  ammoniati — e. Watery,  Epi-
phora.
  Eye, White of the, see Sclerotic.
F.
  FABA,  Phaseolus, Vicia faba — f. ^Igyptiaca,
Nymphaea nelumbo — f.  Cathartica,  Jatropha
curcas — f. Crassa, Sedum  telephium — f. Febri-
fuga, Ignatia amara — f. Graeca, Diospyros lotus
— f. Indica,  Ignatia  amara — f.  Major,  Vicia
t;vba — f.  Pechurei, Pichurim Beans — f. Pichu-
run,  Pichurim  Beans — f. Purgatrix,  Ricinus
communis — f. Sancti Ignatii, Ignatia amara — f.
Suilla, Hyoscyamus — f. Vulgaris, Vicia  faba.
  FAB;E, Onisci aselli.
  PABAGELLE, Zygophyllum fagabo.
  FABARIA CRASSULA, Sedum telephium.
  FABRICA ANDROGYNA, Hermaphrodeity.
  FACE.  Fades, Vultus,  Volttte, Proao'pon, (¥.)
Face.  The face is the anterior part  of the head.
It  is formed of 13  bones, viz., the two auperior
maxillary, the  two malar, the two oeaa nasi, the
two oeaa unguis, the vomer, the two oeaa apongioaa
iuferiora,  the two palate bonee, and the  inferior
maxillary, without including  the frontal  portion
of the os frontis, and the 32 teeth,  which may be
considered to form  part of  it.  Its  numerous
      24
muscles are chiefly  destined for the organs of
sight,  hearing,  taste,  and  smell.   Its  arteries
proceed from the external carotid:  its veins end
in the jugular, and its nerves draw their origin
immediately from the brain.
  The face experiences  alterations in   disease,
which it is important to attend to.  It is yellow
in jaundice, pale and  puffy in  dropsy;  and its
expression is very different, according to the seat
of irritation, so that, in infants, by an attention
to medical phyeiognomy, we can  often detect the
seat of disease.
  Hippocrates  has  well  depicted   the  change
which it  experiences in one exhausted  by long
sickness, by great evacuations, excessive  hunger,
watchfulness, Ac, threatening dissolution. Hence
this state  has  been called Faciee Hippocrat'ica,
Faciee Cadaver'ica,  F. Tortitn'lie.  In this, the
nose is pinched ; the eyes are sunk ;  the  templea
hollow; the ears cold, and retracted; the skin
of the forehead tense, and  dry;  tho complexion
livid; the lips pendent, relaxed,  and cold, Ae. 
FACE AGUE              370                  FAGUS
  The term Face (¥.) is likewise given to one of
the aspects of an organ ; thus, we say, the aupe-
rior face of the atoeiach.
  FACE AGUE, Neuralgia, facial.
  FACE  INJECTEE,  see  Vultueux—f.  Vul-
tuenae, see Vultueux.
  FACET', (F.) Facette.  Diminutive of Face.  A
small face.   A small, circumscribed portion of
the surface of a bone, as the articular facette of
a bone.
  FACHINGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
These springs are at no great distance from those
of Geilenau,  and two  miles north of Wisbaden.
They contain free carbonic acid:  carbonate, sul-
phate, and phosphate of soda; chloride of sodium,
carbonate of  lime, magnesia, and iron.
  FA'CIAL,  Facia'lia, from faciee, 'the  face.'
Belonging to, or connected with, the face.
  Facial Angle, see Angle, facial.
  Facial Artery, La'bial artery, An'gnlar or
external  max'illary  artery, A. palato-labial —
(Ch.), is a branch of the external  carotid, which
rises  beneath the digastricus, and is distributed
to almost every  part of the face.  It furnishes
the inferior palatal,  eubmental, euperior labial,
inferior labial, and doraalis nasi.
  Facial Line,  see Angle, facial.
  Facial Nerve, Ramus dn'rior eep'tima conju-
gatio'nie,  Sympathet'icue minor,  Par  eep'timum
seu facia'le,  Commu'nicana fa'ciei nervue, Portio
dura  of the  1th  pair, -Ree'piratory nerve of the
face.  This nerve arises from  the inferior and
lateral part of the tuber annulare, in the groove
which separates it from  the  medulla oblongata,
external  to the corpora olivaria, and by the side
of the auditory nerve. It issues from the cranium
by  the  meatua auditorius  interims;  enters the
aqueduct of  Fallopius; receives a branch  of the
Vidian nerve; forms a gangliform swelling—Intu-
niesceti'tia gangliform'ie ;—sends off filaments to
the internal  muscles of the malleus and stapes;
furnishes,  according  to  many  anatomists,  that
called Chorda Tympani;  makes its exit at the
foramen  stylo-mastoideum, and divides into two
branches—the temporo-facial, and cervico-facial.
On the face  it is termed Pee anseri'nua, Plexue
nervo'rum anseri'nua.   See  Portio Wrisbergii.
  Facial Vein, Palato-labial—(Ch.),  arises be-
tween the  skin  and frontalis muscle, and  bears
the name Vena Fronta'lia,  (¥.) Veine frontale ou
 V.  PrSparate.  It then descends, vertically, to-
wards the  greater angle of the eye, where  it is
called Angula'rie;   and  afterwards  descends,
obliquely, on the face, to open into the internal
jugular,  after having received branches,  which
correspond with those of the facial artery.   It is
only  in the  latter  part of its course that it is
tailed Facial Vein.   Chaussier calls the external
carotid artery, Facial Artery.
   FA'CIENT, faciene, 'making,' from facio,  'I
 make.'   A suffix, as in Calefacient, Rubefacient,
 fee, 'warm making,' 'red making.'
   FACIES,  Face — f. Cadaverica, see Face — f.
Concava pedis, Sole—f. Hippocratica, see Face—
f. Inferior pedis, Sole—f. Tortualis, see Face.
  FACT ICE, Factitious.
   FACTITIOUS, Factil'iue, (F.) Factice, from
facere, fact urn, 'to make.'  Artificial. That which
is made  by art, in opposition to what is natural,
or found already existing  in nature.   Thus, we
say. factitious mineral watere, for artificial mine-
ral waters.
   FACULTAS, Faculty—f. Auctrix, Plastic force
—f. Formatrix, Plastic force — f.  Nutrix, Plastic
force—f. Vegetativa, Plastic force—f. Zotica, Vis
vitalis.
  FACULTATES NATURALES, see  Function.
   FACULTY, Facultae, Dy'namie, Power,  Vir-
 tue, (¥.) FacultS, from facilis, (itself from/tecere,
 'to make,')  'what can be made or done.'  The
 power of executing any function or  act.  The col-
 lection of the intellectual facultiee constitutes the,
 uiideretanding.  We say, also, vital facultiee for
 vitaJ propertiee, Ac.  Faculty likewise means the
 whole body  of the medical profession, and, also,
 a body of medical or other professors.
   F.ECAL,  Stercoraceous—f. Retention, Consti-
 pation.
   F.ECES, Plural of  Fax ; Feces, Cherea,  'the
 dregs of any thing.' Fee'ulence, (¥.) Flees.  The
 alvine evacuations are so called; (F.) Garderube* ;
 the excrements, Impurita'tee alvina, Facal mat-
 ter.  See Excrement.
   Faces Indurata, Scybala.
   F.ECOSITAS, Feculence.
   F.ECULA, Fecula.
   F.ECULENTIA, Feculence.
   F.ECUNDATIO, Fecundatio.
   F.ECUNDITAS, Fecundity.
   F.EX, Feculence.
   FAGA'RA OCTAN'DRA, Xanthox'ylum  oe-
 tan'dra, Elapllrium tomento'eitm, Am'yria tomen-
 to'aum, from fagne,  'the  beech,' which it resem-
 bles.  Ord. Rutaceae.   The systematic name of
 the plant, which affords Tacamaha'ca, a resinous
 substance, that exudes from the tree Tacamahaca,
 which has a fragrant, delightful smell,  was for-
 merly in high  estimation,  as an  ingredient in
 warm, stimulating plasters, and was given inter-
 nally, like the balsams generally. The  Eaet India
 Tacamahac,  Balsamum Vir'ide seu Cal'aba seu
 Maria,  O'leum Mur'ia, (F.)  Baume de  Calaba,
 Baume vert,  B. Marie, is yielded by Calophyllum
 inophyllum seu Baleama'ria Inophyllum.
   The  name Tacamahac is also given to a resin
 furnished by Pop'ulue balsamifera seu  tacama-
 ha'ca, (¥.) Peuplier baumier ou de la Caroline,
 which  grows in the northern parts of  America
 and Siberia.
   Fagara  Piperi'ta, (F.)  Fagarier poivrS; a
 native of Japan, possesses the qualities of pepper,
 and is used as such by the Japanese.  It is, also,
 employed as a rubefacient cataplasm.
   FAGARASTRUM  CAPEN'SE.   Nat. Ord.
 Xanthoxyleae.  A South African  plant, the fruit
 of which is  known to the Colonists as wild Car-
 damom; and, on account of its aromatic qualities,
 is prescribed in flatulency and paralysis.
   FAGARIER POIVRE, Fagara octandra.
   FAGOPYRUM, Polygonum fagopyrum.
   FAGUS, F. sylvatica.
   Fagus Casta'nea.  The systematic name of
 the Cheetnut Tree;  Caeta'nea, C. vulga'ria  seu
 veaca, Lo'pima, Mota,  Glana Jovia Theophrast'i,
 Ju'piter'e  or Sardin'ian  Acorn;  the  Common
 Chestnut, (F.) Chdtagnier  commun, of  the  Oak
 Family.  Ord. Cupuliferae.  Sex. Syet. Monoecia
 Polyandria.   The Chestnut, Caeta'nea nux, (¥.)
 Chdtaigne, is farinaceous and nutritious, but not
 easy of digestion.
    Fagus Castanea  Pu'mila.   The  Chin'capin
 or Chinqiir.pin, Caetanea Pumila, (¥.) Chdtaignier
 nain.   The  nut of  this American  tree  is eaten
 like the chestnut.  The bark,  Caetanea  (Ph. U.
 S.), has beien used in intermittents.
   Fagus Purpurea,  F. sylvatica.
   Fagus Sylvat'ica.  The  systematic name of
 the Beech, Fagne,  F. eylvee'trie  seu  purpu'rea,
 Oxya,  Balan'da,  Valan'ida;  the Beech Tree,
 (¥.) Hitre.  The Beech-nut or  Beech-maet, (¥.)
 Faine, affords .an oil, by expression, which is of
I a palatable character, and is eaten in some places 
FAIBLESSE              371          FALSIFICATION
instead of butter.  It has been supposed to be a
good vermifuge, but it is no better than any mild
oil.                                    J
  Fagus Sylvestris, F.  sylvatica.
  FAIBLESSE, Debility.
  FAIM,  Hunger—/. Canine, Boulimia—/.  de
Loup, Fames lupina.
  FAINE, see Fagus sylvatica.
  FAINT, see Syncope.
  FAINTING, Syncope.
  FAINTING-FIT, Syncope.
  FAIXTISHNESS, see  Syncope.
  FAIXTXESS, Languor, Syncope.
  FAIRBURX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Tbe
mineral waters at this place,  which is in the
tounty of Ross, in Scotland,  are sulphureous,
and frequented.
  FAIRNTICKLED, see Ephelides.
  FAISANDEES (VIANDES),  see  Hypo-
saprus.
  FAISCEAU, Fasciculus—/. IntermSdiaire  de
 Wrisberg, Portio Wrisbergii —/  Petit,  Fasci-
culus.
  FAIX, Foetus.
  FALCADINA, see Scherlievo.
  FALCES. see Falx.
  FAL'CIFORM,  Falcifor'mis,  Drepano'i'dea,
from falx, falcia, 'a scythe,' and forma, 'shape.'
Having the  shape  of  a scythe.  This term has
been applied to  different parts.  See Falx, and
Sinus.
  Falciform Expansion of the  Fascia Lata,
Is the scythe-shaped reflection  of the fascia lata,
which forms, outwards and upwards, the opening
for the vena saphaena, and is attached to the cru-
ral arch by  its superior extremity, forming the
anterior paries of the canal of the same name.
  FALLACIA, Hallucination.
  Fallacia Optica.  An optic illusion.
  FALLAND-EVYL, Epilepsy.
  FALLING-DOWN, Epilepsy.
  FALLING SICKNESS, Epilepsy.
  FALLOPIAN  TUBE, see Tube, Fallopian.
  FALLPOISON, Amianthum muscaetoxicum.
   FALLTRANCK, Faltranck  (G.), literally,
 a drink againet falle.  A vulnerary.   It  is a
 mixture of several aromatic and slightly astrin-
 gent  plants, which  grow  chiefly in the Swiss
 Alps, and hence the  name—VulnSraire Suisse__
 given to such dried plants cut into fragments.
 They are called, also,  Esplcee VulnSraircs, and
 ThS Suieee. Within the present century, in Eng-
 land, a kind  of vulnerary beer  was often  pre-
 scribed, in country practice, in all  cases of in-
 ward bruises.  It bore the name Cerevie'ia nii/ra,
 or black beer, and was formed by infusing certain
 reputed vulnerary herbs in  beer or ale.
   The infusion of the Falltranck is aromatic, and
 slightly agreeable, but of no use  in the cases for
 which it has been particularly recommended.
   FALMOUTH, CLIMATE  OF.  The climate
 of Falmouth,  in Cornwall, England, resembles
 that of Penzance: and, like it,  is in many re-
 spects,  a favourable  retreat for  the  phthisical
 during the winter months.
   FALSA VIA,  False passage.
   FALSE, Faleue, Nothue,Paeudo, Spu'rioue, Bae-
 tard,  (¥.) Faux, Fausse.  This epithet has been
 frequently added to peripneumony, pleurisy,  Ac,
 to designate a disease  similar to  these, but less
 severe.  Most commonly,  a  severe  catarrh or
 pleurodynia has received the name.  See Peri-
 pneumonia notha.
  False Passage, Falsa Via, (¥.) Fausse Route.
 An accidental passage, made in  surgical opera*
 tions, and particularly in introducing the cathe-
 ter.   The catheter  is sometimes passed through
 into the rectum.
  False Waters, Hydrallan'te, False Deliv'ery.
 Water,  which sometimes  collects between  the
 amnion and chorion, and is commonly discharged
 before the birth of the child.
  We say, also, False Ribs, False Rhubarb, Ac.
  FALSETTO VOICE, see Voice.
  FALSIFICATION, Adultera'tio, from faleue,
 'false,' and facere, 'to make.'  A fraudulent  imi-
tation or alteration of an aliment or medicine by
 different admixtures.   Manga'nium, Manganiea'-
tio.  It  is  synonymous with  adulteration  and
sophistication.
TABLE OF COMMON FALSIFICATIONS OF SOME OF  THE MOST USEFUL
                                 DRUGS, Ac.
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode of Detection.
Acacia Gummi.
Acetum Destilla-
Gur
                        fQ. S. is  clammy  and tenacious.  The A. G. is
      Senegal....'.......-j   perfectly soluble  in water,  and its solution
                        (  limpid.
' Sulphuric Acid.........  Acetate of barytes causes a white precipitate
 „  .   . .,             (By evaporating it, the residuum deflagrates, when
 JSitric Acta............|   thrown on burning charcoal
Acidum   Muriati-
Nitricum.
Copper.
Lead...
Sulphuric Acid.'
  DU
(De

I   ;
Muriatic and  Sulphuric
  Acide.
Sulphur:
"i
Muriatic
  Acide.
Citricum.
Tartaric
  Acide.
and
and
        {Supersaturate with ammonia — a blue colour is
          produced.
        Sulphuretted hydrogen causes a dark precipitate.
        "eposites by evaporation the  salts it may con-
          tain ; precipitates with solution of hydrochlo-
          rate of baryta if it contains sulphuric acid.
        The presence of chlorine is indicated by a preci
          pitate.with nitrate of silver: that of sulphuric
          acid by the same result with hydrochlorate of
          baryta.
Nitric f ^e Presence °f muriatic and nitric acid is indi-
      <   cated  by the smell, wnen the  acid tested is
      (.   strongly heated.
Oxalic f '^ne"r  Presence is indicated hy forming a grana
      •<   lar sediment in a concentrated solution of a
______(.   neutral salt of potassa. 
FALSIFICATION           372           FALSIFICATION
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode of  Detection.
                   f Too dilute.               The S. G. detects this.
IEther  Rectifica- J  Sulphuric Acid........  By acetate of baryta.  Precipitate white.
tus.
Aqua Ammonia.
Ammonia    Carro
  nas.
Ammonii Sulphure
  TUM.
Alcohol
Carbonic Acid.
                                            f With phosphorus a milky instead of limpid solu-
                                            I  tion is formed.
                                             {A precipitation occurs on adding a  solution of
                                               muriate of lime.
                                             It should be  capable of complete volatilization
                                               by heat.
                                            f The Gutta Ammoniaci are white, clear, and dry.
Ammoniacum......>........................X The lump Ammoniacum, lapie Ammoniaci, is often
                                            (  adulterated  with common  resin.
                     ......................  It ought to be entirely volatilized by a red  heat.
                     Lead.                    Imparts a foliated texture, and is not vaporizable.
                     .                       f A smell of garlic is emitted when thrown on live
                     Ar8emc...............{  coals, Ac?
                                             Are not vaporizable.
                                             The solution assumes a blue colour, when super-
Argenti Nitras.
Absenicum Album.

Balsamum Peruvi-
  ANUM.

Capsicum.
Cayenne Pepper.
Castoreum.
Caetor.
Cera Flava.
Yellow Wax.
Manganeee and Iron.

Copper.
Nitrate of Potaeea.
   saturated with ammonia.  It may be suspected
   when the salt deliquesces.
' The adulteration with nitrate of potassa is easily
   recognized by the fracture of a stick of it, which
   is radiated when pure, and granular if adulte-
   rated;  or by  precipitating a solution of the
   salts with a sufficient quantity of muriatic acid,
   and evaporating the clear liquor:  the nitrate
   of potassa or other salts will remain,
' Chalk  Sulphate of Lime, f N   volatizable by heat.
   sulphate of Baryta.     (
'A mixture of Reein and
   eome Volatile Oil, with i Not easily detected.
   Benzoin.
' Chloride of Sodium.....  This disposes it to deliquesce.
                        ( Digest  in  acetic  acid, and add a solution of sul-
 ked Lead.............■<  phuret of ammonia — a dark-coloured precipi-
                        (.  tate will be produced.
 A mixture of dried blood, C
   gum  ammoniac, and a 1
   little real caetor, etuffed < Smell and taste will generally detect the fraud.
  ' into  the  ecrotum  of a
   goat.                 y
 Earth or  Peaemea?      IMa? be susPected when the  cake is brittle and
 JLarm or feaemeal.....j  colour grayish#
Cera Alba.
White Wax.

Cinchona.
Bark.
Coccus.
Cochineal,
Colomba.
Copaiba.
Balsam of Copaiva.
j>e-  ^                  f Put it in cold alcohol, which will  dissolve the
      .................{   resin, without acting on the wax.

             ..........{.....
Tallow
Is known by the greater softness and unctuosity,
  and its smell when melted.   Turmeric is gene-
  rally added in this case to obviate the paleness.
{White Lead...........   Melt the wax, the oxide will subside.
Tallow ...............   The cake has not its- ordinary translucency.
 (This ie variously adulte-
   rated, but generally with
   the   Carthagena  and
   other inferior barks.
' Piecee  of dough formed
   in moulde, and coloured
   with  cochineal.
Can only be detected by practice, and examining
  into  the  quantity of quinia  or cinchonia it
  contains.
Throw it into water, the adulteration will appear.
Crocus.
Saffron.
                         The true is distinguishable from the false Colomba
                           by adding to an infusion of the root, a few drops
                           of solution of snlph. iron, which gives to the
                           infusion of the false Colomba a greenish black
                           colour; but produces no change in the other.
                         If itdoes notretain its spherical form when dropped
                           into water, its adulteration may be inferred.
                         Mix one part of strong liquid ammonia of 22°,
                           with three parts of copaiba.  If pure, the mix-
                           ture will, in a few minutes, become transparent;
                           if not,'it  will remain opake.
                         Affords  an  unpleasant odour  when  thrown on
                           live coals.
Petale of the  Calendula (T -   .,      .    .  ,  ,          ,...«.
  officinalis, and Cartha-\ Infuse «»e specimen in hot water, and the diffe-
  mue Tinctorine.       }   rence wdl be  Perceptible.
Fibres of smoked Beef. 
FALSIFICATION           373           FALSIFICATION
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode of  Detection.
Cubeba.
Cubebe.

Cusparia Cortex.
Anguetura Bark.
Guaiaci Resina.
Resin of Guaiacum.
Hydrargyri Chlo-
 ridum  Mite.
Calomel.
Hydrargyri  Oxi
 dum Rubrum.
Red Precipitate.
Hydrargyri  Sul
 phuretum Rubrum '

Hydrargyri  Sul
 phuretum Nigrum. '

Iodine.

Jalapa Radix.
Jalap Root.


Magnesia.
Magnesia Subcar
 BONAS.
Carbonate of Magne-
( Turkey  Yellow Berriee, C
■j   or the dried fruit of the -j Detected by attentive examination.
(.   Rhamnus Catharticus. (
False  Anguetura  eome
  timee eold for it.
                         The epidermis of the true Cusparia is character
                           ized by being covered with a matter resembling
                           the rust of iron.
Common Resin           I Detected by the turpentine  smell emitted when
                        (   thrown upon hot coals.
                        f Add to the tincture a few drops of spirit of nitre,
Manchineel Gum.......-j   and dilute with water;  the guaicum is precipi-
                        (_   tated—the adulteration floats in the white striae
                         A precipitation wiU be produced by the carbonate
                           of potass, from a solution made by boiling the
                           suspected sample with a small  portion of mu
                           riate of ammonia in distilled  water; or,  the
                           presence of  deuto-chloride of mercury is indi
                           cated, by warming gently a small quantity of
                           calomel in alcohol, filtering and adding to the
                           clear liquor  some  lime-water, by which a red
                           dish yellow precipitate is  afforded.   When
                           calomel is rubbed with a fixed  alkali, it ought
                           to become intensely black, and  not exhibit any
                           orange hue.
                         Digest in acetic acid: add sulphuret of ammonia,
                           which will produce a dark coloured precipitate
                           It should be totally volatilized by heat.
Corroeive Sublimate, and
  Subnitrate of Bismuth.'
Red Lead,
Red Lead
T  r   m  j.            .  Throw a suspected portion on hot coals—the re-
   "   a  ...........'    siduum will detect the fraud.
Chalk
ite
Manna.
Morphia et ejus
 Sales.
Morphia   and
 Salte.
Moschus.
Musk,
Olea Destillata.
Essential Oile.
Oleum Ricini.
Castor Oil.
Gypsum...............

A factitious article, con-
  eieting  of  honey  or
  eugar, mixed with scam-
  mony, is sometimes sold
 for it.
Dried Blood...........

Asphaltum............

Fine particles of Lead ..

Fixed Oile............

Alcohol...............

Olive or A Imond or Pop-
  py Oil.
Digest in acetic acid, and add sulphuret of am
  monia—a black precipitate will be produced.
                           siduum will detect the fraud.

                      ,  The tests of its purity are — that  it is  perfectly
Plumbago, Charcoal, and I   goluble in ^ ^^ on & ieC(J J lagg £
  Oxide of Manganeee.   j   porcelain, it subUmes without residuum
Bryony Root, epurioue or ( Bryony root is of a paler colour, and less compactj
  false Jalap  Root,  and-   texture, and  does not easily burn at the flame
  Liquorice Root.        (_   of a candle.  Liquorice is  detected by  the taste.
T .                      f Detected by the solution in dilute  sulphuric acid
  ime...............'• *  (   affording a precipitate with oxalate of ammonia.
„ , ,   .   /. r •          f Gives off when moistened, the smell of sulphu-
Sulphuret of Lime......|   retted hydrogen.
                         Detected by adding dilute sulphuric acid to  the
                           suspected substance, when, if chalk be present,
                           there will be a white insoluble precipitate.
                         Boil in distilled water, and  test the solution by a
                           barytic and oxalic reagent,
 The colour, weight, transparency and taste detect
   it.-


' Morphia and its  salts, when placed in contact
   with nitric acid, are coloured red;  with  per-
   Salts of iron, blue.   They are  perfectly soluble
   in  warm  alcohol,  and acidulated warm water.
   When  morphia is  mixed with narcotina,  the
   adulteration is ascertained by mixing them with
   sulphuric ether, which dissolves the  narcotina,
   without sensibly affecting the  morphia.
' The bag must not appear to have been opened.
 This may be  suspected, if it emits a fetid smoke
   when inflamed.
 Discovered by its melting and running, before it
   inflames.
 Rub with water. The metallicparticles will subside.
' Touch writing paper with it, and hold it before
   the fire : fixed oil leaves'a stain of grease.
 Add  water.  A milkiness and increase of tempe-
   rature occurs.
' Alcohol S. G. -820 will mix with any proportion
   of castor oil, whilst it dissolves very little  of
   the others. 
FALTRANCK
374
FARADISATION
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode op Detection.
Opiuh.
POTASSII IODIDUM.
Iodide of Potaeeium.
Quinia Sulphas.
Sulphate of Quinia.
Strychnia et ejus
 Sales.
Strychnia  and   ite
 Salts.
Zinci Oxydum.
Flowers of Zinc.
Extract  of   Liquorice,
  Bullets   and   Stones
  sometimes in it;  Ex-
  tract of Poppy, of Che-
  lidonium  majus;   G.
  Arabic, G. Tragdcanth,
  Linseed   Oil,   Cow's
  Dung.
Chlorides  of Potassium
  and Sodium, Nitrate of
  Potassa.
The best opium is covered with leaves  and the
  reddish capsules of a species of Rumex.  The
  inferior kinds have capsules adherent.  It is bad
  when soft and friable, when intensely  black or
  mixed with many impurities,  and  when sweet.
  The quantity of morphia affords the best test.
                         The adulteration is ascertained by precipitating a
                           solution of the salt with nitrate of silver, and
                           treating the precipitate with ammonia, which
                           dissolves the chloride of silver, without acting
                           upon the iodide of this metal,
                        ( Leaves no residue when submitted to calcination:
Mannite...............<   is  perfectly soluble in  warm  alcohol,  and in
                        (   water slightly  acidulated with  sulphuric acid.

„    .                  J They are free from brucia when no colour is pro-
 ructa................1   duced by contact with nitric acid.

Chalk.................  Sulphuric acid excites an effervescence.
White Lead...........  Sulphuric acid forms an insoluble  sulphate of lead
   FALTRANCK, Falltranck.
   FALX.  Anatomists have  given  this name to
several membranous reflections having the shape
of a falx or scythe.
   Falx Cerebel'li, Falx minor, Septum  Cere-
belli seu parvum occipita'le, Procee'sus falcifor'-
mia Cerebel'li, (¥.) Faux du cervelet, Septum mS-
dian du cervelet, (Ch.), is a triangular process of
the dura mater opposite the internal occipital pro-
tuberance.   Its base is attached to the middle of
the tentorium, and its top or apex  bifurcates, to
proceed to the sides of the foramen magnum.  Its
convex surface is towards the cranium, and'its
concave in  the fissure or groove, which separates
the two lobes of the cerebellum.
   Falx Cer'ebri, F. major,  Ver'tical sitpe'rior
longitu'dinal.proc"eee, Mediaeti'num cerebri, Sep-
tum  Cerebri, (¥.) Faux  du cerveau, Repli longi-
tudinal de la mSninge, (Ch.), Procee'sus falcifor-
mis dura matris.  The  greatest  process of  the
dura mater. It extends from the fore to the hind
part of the  skull, on the median line; is broad
behind and  narrow before, and is lodged in  the
groove which  separates  the  hemispheres  from
each other—the interlobular fiasure. At its supe-
rior part is situated the longitudinal sinus (aupe-
rior,) and at its lower, corresponding to the.edge
of the scythe, the inferior longitudinal sinus.  Its
anterior extremity is attached to the crista galli;
its posterior is  continuous  with  the  tentorium
cerebelli, and contains the straight sinus.
   Falx Major,  Falx cerebri—f.  Minor,  Falx
cerebelli.
   Falx of the Peritone'um, Great, F.peritone'i
max'ima, (¥.)  Grande faux du pSritoine, Faux de
la Veine Ombilicale, Falx of the  umbilical vein,
is a reflection  of  the peritoneum, which  ascends
from tbe umbilicus to  the  anterior and  inferior
surface of the  liver.
   Falces of  the Peritone'um, Lesser, Falcee
Peritone'i min'ima, (¥.) Petitee faux du pSritoine,
are the lateral ligaments of the liver and the  re-
flections which the peritoneum forms, raised  up
by the umbilical arteries.
  Falx  of the Umbilical  Vein, Falx, great,
of the Peritoneum.
  FAME, Lancet.
  FAMEL'ICA FEBRIS, from famee,  'hunger.'
Fever  accompanied  with insatiable hunger.—
Sylvius.
  FAMELICUS,  Hungry.
  FAMES,  Hunger — f. Bovina,  Boulimia —f.
Canina, Boulimia.
  Fames Lupi'na, Lycorex'ie, (¥.) Faim de Loup.
Authors have described, under this name, a kind
of boulimia, or depravation of the digestive func-
tion, in which the patient eats voraciously,  and
passes his food, almost immediately afterwards,
per antim.
  FAMEX, Contusio.
  FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM  EMPLASTRUM,
from fam a,' fame,' and gero, 'I wear.' A plaster,
extolled in ague, and made of aromatic, irritating
substances.  It was applied to the wrist.
  FAMILIARICA SELLA, Close stool.
  FAMILY DISEASES, see Hereditary.
  FA MIS, Contusio.
  •FAMIX, Contusio.
  FANCULUM, Anethum.
  FANCY MARK, Naevus.
  FANFECKLES, Ephelides.
  FANG, Radix.
  FANON (¥.) from (G.) Fahne, 'a banner,'
'ensign,'  'standard.'  Fer'ula, Lec'tulue  etra-
min'eue,  Thor'ulue^etramin'eue.   A  splint of a
particular shape, employed in fractures  of the
thigh and leg to keep the bones in contact.
  The Fanoii8 were divided into true and falee.
  The true consists of a cylinder of straw, strongly
surrounded with a cord or  riband, in the  centre
of which a stick  is usually placed to ensure ita
solidity.   The false consists of a thick piece of
linen, made flat like a compress, and folded at
the extremities.  It was placed between the frac-
tured limb and the  true fanon.  The Drap-fanon
is a largo piece of common cloth placed between
the fractured limb, in which the fanon or lateral
splints are rolled.
  FANTICKLES, Ephelides.
  FANTOM, Phantom, Phanto'ma, from tpavraepa,
'a spectre.'  (F.) Phantdme, FantSme. This word
has two acceptations.  It means the spectres and
images which  the imagination presents  to  the
sick, when asleep or awake; and, also, the figure
called, also,  Man'nikin, Man'ikin, and Man'akin,
(¥.) Mannequin, on which surgeons practice the ap-
plication of bandages, or the accoucheur the man-
ual part of midwifery,—Phanto'ma obatetric"ium.
  Fantom or Phantom Tumour is one that forms,
in the abdomen for example, simulating organic
disease, and occasionally exceedingly deceptive
  FARADISATION, Far'adiem; from Faraday,
the  celebrated physicist.  A term proposed by 
FARCIMEN                375                FASCIA
 Duehenne, of Boulogne, for electricity by induc-

   FARCIMEN, see Equinia
 Mri7AR^,M1X^LIS MEMBRANA  seu  TU-
 NK A. Allantois.
   FARCIN, seeEquinia.
   FAliriXOMA,  Equinia,
 «iF'V>«"rm',RA' Fart'<'r«; from fardre,faretum,
  to stuff.  The operation of introducing medicinal
• substances  into the  cavities  of animals  or  of
   V i'r^tmq V " "I66" P'eviousb' emptied.
   t AKl 1 Uh, E:nphraxis.
   FARCY GLANDERS, see Equinia.
   PARI), Paint.
   FAR VEAU,  Mole.
   ^R,^^;Vl Tussilago—f. Bechiura, Tussilago.
   FARIGOULE,  Thymus.
   FARI'NA. Al'phiton,  Crimnon, Aleton,  Alen'-
 ron.  Ale'ma, from far,  'com,' or grain of any
 kind,  of which it is  made.   Meal or flour.  The
 powder,  obtained  by grinding the  seeds  of the
 gramineous,   leguminous,   and  cucurhitaceoiis
 plants in particular.  It is highly nutritious and
 much used, dietetically  as  well' as  medicinally.
 In the pharmacopoeias  of  London,  Edinburgh,
 and Dublin, Farina means  wheat flour—Farina
 Tritici.
   Leath'e Alimen'tary Farina, or Homoiopatli'ic
 Farina'ceoua Food, is said to  consist principally
 of wheat flour, slightly baked, and  sweetened
 with sugar, together with potato flour and a very
 small  quantity of Indian corn meal and tapioca.
   Farina Amvgdalarum, see Amygdala.
   Farina,  Compounded, Baster's,  is  said  to
 consist of wheat flour, sweetened with sugar.
   Farina,  Nutritious,  M.udman's, is  said  to
 consist of potato flour, artificially coloured of a
 pink or rosy hue, the colouring matter being pro-
 bably rose pink.
   Farina Trit'ici,  wheaten flour;  F. Seca'lis,
 Rye flour or meal; F. Hor'dei, Barley meal;  F.
 Arena'cen,  Oat meal, &c.  See Amylum.
   Faiuv e  Resolvent'es, (E.) Farinea RSaolu-
 tires.  This  name  was formerly given to a mix-
 ture of the  farina of four different  plants; the
 lupine, Litpiiuia  albus,  the  Errum   En-ilia, the
 Vicia faba, and  the  Barley, Hordeum distirhtim.
 They  were recommended to form cataplasms.
   FARIXA'CEOUS, Farina'ceus, Farino'siis,(¥.)
 FarinacS,  Farineux, Mealy.  Having the appear-
 ance or nature of farina.  A  term  given  to all
 articles of food which contain farina.  The term
 Farinacea includes  all  those  substances, called
 cereal in, leguminit, <fcc, which contain farina, and
 are employed as  nutriment.
   Hard'* farinaceoiia food  is fine wheat  flour,
 which has been  subjected to  some heating pro-
 cess.   Braden'e farinaceoiia food  is  said  to be
 wheat flour,  baked.
   In Pathology, the epithet farinaceoiia, (¥.) fa-
 rineux. is applied  to certain eruptions, in which
 the epidermis exfoliates in small particles-similar
 to farina.
   Farinaceous  Food, .Braden's,  see Farina-
 ceous—f.  Food, Hard's.'see Farinaceous—f. Food,
 homoeopathic,  see Farinaceous.
   Farinaceous  Food, Plumbe's. is  said to con-
 sist principally of bean or pea flour, most pro-
 bably  the former, with a little Tacca arrowroot,
 some  potato  flour, and  a  very little Maranta
 arrowroot.
   Farinaceous  Food, Phince Arthur's, for in-
 fants  and invalids  of all ages, is said to consist
 entirely of wheat flour, slightly baked.
   FARINARIUM. Alica.
   FARINES  RESOLUTIVES, Farinae resol-
 ve rites.
   FARINEUX.  Farinaceous.
  FARINOSUS, Farinaceous.
   FARMERY, Hospital.
   FARNTICKLES, Ephelides.
   FARRIER. Hippinter.
   FARSIGHTEDNESS, Presbytia.
   FART, Sax. Pai>t, from Teut. fahren, 'to go:'
 —fart, 'a voyage.'  (G.) Furz. Bdellus, Bdolue,
 Bddyg'mia, Bdelytf nuts, Bombus. Trulla, 1'orila.
 Pltysa, PhysS,  Flatue,  Crep'itne, C. rentrie, (¥.)
 Pet.   A sonorous  or other  discharge of wind
 from behind.   A low word, but of "respectalle
 parentage.
   FARTURA, Farctura,
   PARTUS, Emphraxis.
   FAS'CIA, from fascia, 'a bundle'  Liga'tio,
 Ligatn'ra,  Al/igatu'ra,  Anodes'inns,   Vin'cula,
 Spar'gamm, Epidee'moe, Vinctu'ra.  A bandage,
 fillet,  roller, ligature.  The aponeurotic expan-
 sions of muscles, which bind parts  together, are,
 likewise, termed Fasciae.  See  Taenia.
   Fascia  Aponeurotica Femoris, Fascia lata
 aponeurosis — f. Capitalis,  Bonnet  d'Hippocrate,
 Capelina — f. Capitis,  Diadeina—f. Cooperi,  F.
 Transversalis.
   Fascia, Cuib'riform, F. Cribrifor'mn.  The
 sieve-like  portion of the fascia lata; so called
 from its being pierced by numerous openings for
 the passage of lymphatic vessels.
   Fascia  Denta'ta,  F.  D. Turini,  Corps  go-
 dronnS of Vicq d'Azyr.  A band of gray matter
 seen beneath the taenia hippocampi on raising it
 up, which runs along the inner border of  the
 cornu ammonis.  It is, as it  were, crenated  by
 transverse furrows.
   Fascia Digitalis, Gantelet—f. Diophthaluiic.i,
 Binocnlus —f.  Dividens, Dividing  bandage — f.
 HeliodorJ,  T bandage.
   Fascia Ili'aca, Iliac aponeitro'sie.   An apo-
 neurosis which proceeds from the tendon of the
 psoas  minor, or which  arises from the anterior
 surface of the  psoas magnus,  when  the former
 muscle does not exi>t.  It is attached,  externally,
 to the inner edge of the crest of the ilium, below,
 and anteriorly — on  one side, to the crural arch,
 sending an expansion to the fascia transversalis ;
 and  on the  other, continuous  with   the  deep-
 seated lamina of the fascia lata, which  forms  the
 posterior paries of the crural canal.   Within and
 behind, the fascia iliaca is attached to the brim
 of the  pelvis, and is continuous with the aponeu-
 rosis, which M. Jules Cloquet has caWed.Pelviau.
 The iliac aponeurosis  covers the iliac  and psoas
 muscles, which it separates from the peritoneum.
   Fascia  Infundib'i'lifoiimis, a funnel-shaped
 offset from the fascia transversalis,  which is pro-
 longed as  a sheath  upon the  vas  deferens and
 spermatic vessels as they pass  out  of  the abdo-
 men.
   Fascia  Inguinalis, Spica.
   Fascia  Lata.  A name given by anatomists
 to an aponeurosis, and to a museie."
   Fascia  Lata Aponeurosis.  F.  aponeurotic.
 fern'oris,  Vagi'na fern'oris,  Crural or Fail vol
 Aponeurosis, is  the  most extensive  in  the body,
 and  envelopes  all  the muscles  of the  thi^h.
 Above, it is attached to the outer edge of the il?a ;
 before, it arises from the crural  arch by two dis
 tinct laminae, separated by the femoral vessels-,
 and becoming confounded a little below the part
 where  the  great vena saphaena opens into tho
 crural  vein.  Of these  two  laminae, the one  ia
 more  anterior and  thicker iban the other, and
 may  be considered  as a prolongation  of the
 aponeurosis of the external oblique.  It  is inti-
 mately united to Poupart's ligament.  The other,
 which  is  thinner, is behind, and deeper seated,
and,  after its union with the former, proceeds  to
be inserted into the pubis.   Inferiorly,  the fascia
lata becomes confounded with the tendon of the
triceps, and is attached to the external tuberosity 
FASCIJE                876                     FAT
Of the tibia.  The use of the fascia lata, like that
of other aponeuroses, is to strengthen the action
of the muscles, Ac.
  Fascia Lata Muscle, Teneor vagi'na fern'o-
ris, Faecia1lie,Membrano'eue, Mue'cuius aponSuro'-
eie  seu faecia lata seu fem'orie membrano'sue,
(F.) Uio-aponSvroei-fSmoral,Ilio-apoiiSvroti-fSmo-
ral—(Ch.), Tenaeur de I'apojiSvroae fSmorale.  A
muscle, situate at the upper and outer part of
the thigh.  It arises, above, from the outer part
of the anterior and superior spine of the ilium;
and is inserted, below, between  the  two laminae
of the fascia lata, which it stretches and  raises
when it contracts.
  Fascia, Obturator, see Pelvic  aponeuroses—
f. Pelvic, Internal, see  Pelvic  aponeuroses — f.
Pelvic, Lateral, see Pelvic  aponeuroses—f. Pel-
vic, Superior, see Pelvic aponeuroses.
  Fascia Pro'pria.   A layer of areolar  tissue
derived from the  sheath of the femoral vessels,—
or according to some from  the cribriform fascia.
It is one of the coverings of femoral hernia, and
is  generally pretty  dense about  the  neck of the
hernia; but thin or even wanting on  its fundus.
  Fascia Repens,  Spica — f. Scapularis, Scapu-
lary—f. Sculteti, Bandage of separate strips — f.
Semicircularis. Taenia semicircularis—f. Spiralis,
Ascia — f. Stellata, Stella — f. Submuscular, see
Vaginal, (of the eye.)
  Fascia, Subperitone'al, Subperitone'al apo-
vteuro'eie.  A thin tendinous  layer on the outer
surface of the peritoneum.
  Fascia Superficia'lis, Superficial aponeuro'-
eie  of the abdomen and thigh, (F.) AponSvroee eu-
perficielle de Fabdomen et  de la cuieee.  A very
thin aponeurosis, which  covers the muscles and
aponeuroses of the  abdomen; passes before the
crural arch, to which it adheres with some degree
of force; sends a membranous sheath, which sur-
rounds the spermatic  cord;  and is  continuous
with the dartos, which it assists in forming.  The"
fascia  superficialis  presents, beneath the crural
arch, very distinct fibres, whose  direction is pa-
rallel to the fold of  the thigh.  It is applied over
the fascia lata aponeurosis, and is attached, inter-
nally, to the ascending ramus of the ischium, near
the root of the corpus cavernosum.   Before the
descent of the testicle  from the  abdomen, the
fascia  superficialis is  very  manifestly continuous
with the Gubernaculum testis.
  Fascia Tformis, T. bandage—f. Tortilis, Tour-
niquet.
  Fascia Transversa'lis, F. Coop'eri.  An apo-
neurosis, which separates the transversalis mus-
cle  from the peritoneum in the  inguinal region.
It arises above the posterior edge of the crural
arch, where it seems  to  be continuous  with the
aponeurosis of the greater oblique muscle.  Above,
it is lost in the areolar tissue at the internal sur-
face of the transversalis abdominis.   Within, it is
continuous with the outer edge of the tendon of
the rectus muscle and Gimbernat's ligament; be-
low, it is continuous with the  aponeurosis of the
greater oblique, and receives an  expansion from
the Fascia Iliaca. Towards its middle and a little
above the crural arch, the fascia transversalis has
the wide orifice of a canal, which is  occupied, in
the female, by the round ligament of the uterus;
and, in man, furnishes an expansion, that serves
as a sheath to the spermatic vessels.
  FASCLE, Swathing clothes—f. Coli, see  Colon
—f. Ligamentosae Coli, see  Colon.
  FASCIALIS, Fascia lata muscle, Sartorius—f.
Longus, Sartorius—f. Sutorius, Sartorius.
  FASCIARUM  APPLICATIO, Deligation.
  FASCIATIO, Deligation, see Bandage—f. Cu-
eullata, Couvrechef.
  FASCICULI CORTICALES, Ferrein, pyra-
mids of—f. Graciles, see Corpora reBtiformia.
    Fascic'uli Innomina'ti.   Two large  bundles
  of fibres in the interior of the medulla oblongata,
  behind the  corpora  olivaria, and more  or  less
  apparent between those  bodies  and the corpora
  restiformia.   They ascend, and become apparent
  in the fourth ventricle, under the name Fascic'uli
  seu Proces'eue ter'etee.
    Fasciculi,  Median Posterior, of tbe Me-
  dulla Oblongata, Funiculi graciles — f. Muscu-
  lorum, see Muscular fibre — f. Pyramidales, Fer-
  rein, Pyramids of— f. Teretes, Processus teretes,
  see Fasciculi innominati—f. Teretes cordis,  Co-
  lumna1 carneae.
    FASCICULUS, Phacellue, Pha'celue, Fas'-
  cicle,  diminutive offascis,  'a bundle;'  Desme'-
  dion,  'a small bundle.'   In Anatomy, it is em-
  ployed in this sense;  as  "a faeciculua of fibres."
  (¥.) Fascicule, Faiaceau ou Petit Faieccau, Troue-
  aeau.   In Phaimacy,  it means manip'ulue, Chei-
  rople'thee, %ttpoirXn$ns> 'a handful.'  Musa Eras-
  savolus says, — as much as can be held in two
  fingers.
    Fasciculus Cuneatus, Reinforcement, fascicu-
  lus of—f. of Reinforcement,  Reinforcement, F. of.
    Fascic'ulus  Uncina'tus. . A  white  bundle,
  seen on the  lateral aspect of the cerebral hemi-
  spheres,  passing across the bottom of the fissure
  of Sylvius, and connecting the anterior with the
  middle and  posterior lobes.  The fibres  of this
  fasciculus expand at each extremity, and the su-
  perficial  portions of them curve or hook  sharply
  between  the contiguous parts of  the anterior and
  middle lobes, whence the epithet 'uncinatus.'
    FASCIXOSUS. Membrosus.
    FASCINUM, Penis.
    FASCIOLA, Bandelette —f. Cinerea, Tubercu-
  lum cinereum — f. Hepatica, Distoma hepaticum
  —f. Humana, Distoma hepaticum—f. Lanceolata,
  Distoma hepaticum.
    FASELUS, Phaseolus  vulgaris.
    FASEOLE, Phaseolus.
    FASTID'IUM,  abridged  from  fatie tadium.
  Fastidiousness, Squeamiahness, or the condition
  of a stomach that is really affected with nausea.
    Fastidium  Cibi, Asitia,  Disgust — f.  Potus,
  Loathing of drink.
    FASTIGIUM, Acme.
    FASTING, from Sax. pssytan, Limo'aia expert
  protrac'ta, Anorex'ia mirab'ilie, Ine'dia, Jeju'-
  nium.  Loss  or want of appetite, without any
  other  apparent affection of the stomach; so that
  the system  can sustain  almost  total abstinence
  for a  long time without  faintness.  Some won-
  derful cases  of this kind  are on record.  See Ab-
  stinence.
    FAT, Pingue'do, Pim'ele, Piar,  Piei'ron, Li-
  Ppe, Stear, Adepe, Sevum, Sebum, Corpue adipo'-
  sum,  Axun'gia, Fat,  (¥.)  Graisse:  from  (G.)
  Fett, (Sax.)  pac.   A soft, white, animal  sub-
  stance; inodorous; insipid; oily;  inflammable,
  easy to melt; spoiling in the air,  and becoming
  rancid by union  with oxygen: almost insoluble
  in alcohol; insoluble  in  water;  soluble in fixed
  oils.  Fat is formed of the immediate principles,
  stearin, margarin, and olein or eia in, all of which
  are regarded as salts composed of stearic, mar-
  garic  and oleic acids, and  a common base,  to
  which, from its sweetish taste, the name Glyc"erin
j  Glycerlna, Glyceri'num,  (¥.) GlycSrine has been
  given.  To these  are, almost always, joined an
  odorous anda colouring principle. Glycerin,^-
  ceri'na, has  been introduced into tbe last edition
  of the Pharmacopoeia of the U. S. (1851),.in which
 it  is directed to be prepared  as follows : — Lead
  plaster, recently prepared and yet fluid;  boiling
 water, of each a gallon ;  mix : stir briskly for 15
i minutes; allow it to cool  and pour off the liquid.
I Evaporate until it has the  s. g. 1.15, and pass
I slowly through it a current of sulpho-hydric acid 
FATIGATIO                377                  FEBRIS
 3«-„   Sw   Palate is  no  longer  thrown
 I?m. /  ^ a,?d b0il Until  the sulpho-hydric
 Ttl   TT °S> and e~Porate  the liquid until
 it ceases to lose weight.  Glycerin is a colourless
 or straw-coloured syrupy fluid; s. g. 1.25.  It is
 soluble in water and in alcohol, but not in ether.
 It is used in the form of lotion, composed of half
 an ounce to ten fluidounces of water, in cutaneous
 diseases as psoriasis, pityriasis, lepra and ichthy-
 osis   It forms a kind of varnish, and might  be
 useful in cases of burns.
 _  Fat is found in a number of animal tissues, and
 is  very abundant in the  neighborhood of  the
 kidneys and in the epiploon.   It is generally fluid
 in the cetacea; soft, and of a strong smell in the
 carnivora: solid, and inodorous in the ruminat-
 ing animal; white,  and abundant in young ani-
 mals ; and yellowish in old.   It  generally forms
 about a twentieth part of the weight of the human
 body.  The fat, considered  physiologically, has,
 for its function, to protect the organs; maintain
 their  temperature; and to  serve  for nutrition  in
 case of need; as is observed in torpid animals.
   Fat, Corpulent—f. Cells, Fatty vesicles.
   Fat, Mackaw, see Cocos butyracea.
   FATIGATIO, Copos.
   FATIGUE. Copos.
   FATTY, Adipo'ene, Adipa'tua,  Pimelicue, Pi-
 melo'des,  Liparo'des,  Lip'arus, Sax. past; past
 participle  of petsan,  to  feed, Ad'ipoue, Pinguid,
 Pinguid'inoue.   Relating to fat.   Resembling or
 containing fat.   The cellular membrane has been
 called fatty or adipoue;  from an opinion that, in
 its areolae, the  fat is deposited.  The  areolar
 membrane, however,  merely lodges, between its
 lamellae and filaments, the vesicles in which the
 fat is contained.
   Fatty Lig'ament,  Ad'ipous ligament.  This
 name has been given to a reflection of the syno-
 vial membrane  of the  knee joint, which passes
 from the ligamentum patellae towards the cavity
 that separates the condyles of the femur.
   Fatty Membrane,  Ad'ipoue membrane, Adi-
 poue tiaaue.  The subcutaneous areolar tissue, or
 that containing the fatty or adipous vesicles.
   Fatty  Ves'icles,  Sac'culi adipo'si, Ad'ipous
 veeiclee, Fat cella.  This name is  given to small
 bursae or membranous vesicles which enclose the
 fat, and are found situate in the areolae of the
 areolar tissue.   These vesicles  vary  much  in
 size.   Generally, they are round and globular;
 and, in certain subjects, receive vessels which are
 very apparent.  They  form so many small sacs
 without  apertures, in  the interior of which  are
 filaments arranged like septa.   In fatty subjects,
 the adipous vesicles are very perceptible, being
 attached to the areolar tissue and neighbouring
 parts by a vascular pedicle.   Raspail affirms that
 there is  the most striking analogy  between  the
 nature of the  adipose  granules and that of the
 amylaceous grains.
  Fatty Vessels, Ad'ipoue veeaele.  The vessels
 connected with the fat.  Some anatomists have
 called Adipoue canals,  (¥.) Conduite adipeux, the
 vessels to which they attribute the secretion of fat.
  Fatty Degeneration of the Liver, Adiposis
 hepatica—f. Liver, Adiposis hepatica.
  FA TUISME, Fatuitas.
  FATU'ITAS,  Moro'eie, Stultil'ia, Stupor man-
 tis. Amen'tia ; (F.) Fatuieme, FatuitS, from fatuiie,
 'foolish.'   Mental imbecility.  Idiotism.   De-
 mentia.  One  affected with fatuity is said to be
fat'unite, (Sc.) Dawpit.
  FATUITAS ALPICOLARUM, Cretinism —f.
 Con vail in us. Cretinism.
  FATUOUS, see Fatuity.
  FAUCES, Isthmus, Pharynx, Throat
  FAUCETTE VOICE, see Voice.
  FAUNO'RUM LUDIB'RIA.   The  eporte of
 the Fauni.  Some authors have called thus the
 incubus; others, epilepsy.
   FAUQUIER SPRINGS, see Virginia,  Miue-
 ral Waters of.
   FAUSSE,  False —/. Conception, Conception,
 false.'
   FAUSSE COUCHE (¥.),  Vanum partu'rinm
 Some authors have used this  term for the  expul-
 sion of different bodies constituting false concep-
 tions;  such  as moles,  hydatids, clots  of  blood,
 ifcc  Most  accoucheurs use  the  term  synony-
 mously with abortion.
   FAUSSE GROSSESSE, Pregnancy, false —
 /.  Membrane,   Membrane,  false—/.  PleurSaie,
 Pleurisy, false—/. Pneumonie, Peripneumonia
 notha.
   FAUSSE  POSITION  (¥.), False position.
 The French use this term, in vulgar language, to
 indicate any attitude  in which torpor, tingling,
 and loss of power over the motion  of a part, are
 produced by too strong contraction  or painful
 compression.
   FAUSSERHABARBE, Thalictron—/. Route,
 False passage—f. Variole, Varicella.
   FAUSTI'NI PASTIL'LI, Fauetinne'e  Lo-
 zengee.   These were once celebrated.  They were
 composed of burnt, paper, quicklime, oxide  of ar-
 senic, eandarach, lentils, <fcc.
   FAUX, False—/. du Cerveau, Falx cerebri —
 /. du Cervelet,  Falx cerebelli—/. Germe, Concep-
 tion, false —/. Grande  du pSritoine, Falx,  great,
 of the peritoneum —/.  Petiterdu pSritoine,  Falx,
 lesser, of the peritoneum—/, de la  Veine ombili-
 cale, Falx, great, of the peritoneum.
   FAVEUX, Favosus.
   FAVIFORMIS, Favosus.
   FAVO'SUS.  Similar to a honeycomb.   Favi-
form'is,  Favoua, from favua,  cerion, ' a honey-
 comb.'   (F.) Faveux.    An epithet given to  a spe-
 cies of  porrigo.  Cerion, Kerion, Favua; means
 also a state of ulceration,  resembling  a honey-
 comb.
  FA'VULUS; diminutive  of favua, 'a honey-
 comb.'  Favuli is used  by Dr. Morton, of Phila-
 delphia, for the honeycomb-like depressions  in the
 lining membrane of the stomach—the etomach-
 cells of  Messrs. Todd and Bowman.
  FAVUS. Porrigo, Porrigo favosa, see Favosus
— f. Confertus, Porrigo  scutulata — f. Dispersus,
Porrigo lupinosa—f. DieaSmiuS, Porrigo lupinosa
—f. en Groupea, Porrigo scutulata.
  FAXWAX, see Nucha.
  FEABERRY, Ribes uva crispa.
  FEATHERFEW, Matricaria.
  FEBRIC'ITANS, Feb'riena,  Emp'yros, (F.)
Fcbricitant.  One  attacked with fever;  from fe-
bricitare, ' to have a fever.'
  FEBRICITATIO, Feverishness.
  FEBRICOSUS,  Feverish.
  FEBRIC'ULA,  Fe'veret,  (¥.) FSbricule.  Di-
minutive of febris, 'fever.'   A term employed to
express  a slight degree of fever.  Ephemera.
  FEBRICULOSITY, Feverishness.
  FEBRIENS, Febricitans,  Feverish.
  FEBRIFACIENT, see Feverish.
  FEBRIF'EROUS, Feb'rifer, from febris, <fo-
ver,' and fero, T carry.'   Fever-bearing,  as a
febriferons locality.
  FEBRIFIC, see Feverish.
  FEB'RIFUGE,  Lexipyrelicue,  Lexipyr'etus,
Pyret'icua, Alexipyret'icus, Antifebri'lis, Antipy-
relic, Febrifugus, from febris,  ' a  fever,' and
fugare,  ' to drive away.'  A  medicine which pos-
sesses the property of abating or driving away
fever.
  FEBRIFUGUM LIGNUM, Quassia.
  FE'BRILE, Febrllis, Pyret'icua.   Relating to
fever, as febrile movement, febrile pulse, &c.
  FEBRIS, Fever — f. Acmastica,  Synocha — t 
FEBRIS                  378                FEBRIS
Acuta, Synocha—f. Acuta continua, Synocha,—f.
Adeno-meningea,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal — f.
Adeno-nervosa, Plague—f. Africana, Fever, Afri-
can—f. Agrypnodes,  see Agrypnodee and Agryp-
nos—f. Alba, Chlorosis—f. Algida, see Algidus—
f.  Amatoria, Chlorosis, Hectic fever — f.-Ame-
ricana, Fever, yellow—f. Amphemera, Quotidian
— f.  Amphimerina hcctica, Hectic fever—f. Am-
phimerina latica, Latica  (febris)—f. Ampullosa,
Pemphigus — f.  Anabatica, Continued fever — f.
Angiotenica,  Synocha — f.   Anginosa,   Angina
— f.  Annua, see Annual diseases — f. Anomala,
Fever, anomalous — f. Aphonica,  Fever, aphonic
— f.  Aphthosa, Aphtha—f. Apoplectica, Fever,
apoplectic—f. Ardens, Synocha—f. Arte  promota,
Fever, artificial—f. Arthritica, Gout—f. Asodes,
Fever, bilious, see  Asodes—f. Assidua, Continued
fever—f. Asthenica, Fever,  asthenic, Typhus —
f. Asthmatica, Fever, asthmatic—f. Ataxo-adyna-
mica, Fever, ataxo-adynamic—f. Azodes, see Aso-
des—f. Biliosa, Fever,  bilious — f. Bullosa,  Pem-
phigus— f. Cardialgia, Fever, cardialgic — f. Ca-
tarrhalis, Catarrh — f. Catarrhalis epidemica, In-
fluenza— f. Caumatodes, Synocha — f. Causodes,
Synocha—f. Cephalalgia, Fever, cephalalgic—f.
Cephalica,  Fever, cephalic—f. Cholcpyretica, Fe-
ver,  bilious — f.  Cholerica, Fever, bilious, Fever,
choleric — f. Chronica, Fever, chronic — f. Co'al-
terna, see Coalternae febres—f. Colliquativa, Fe-
ver,  colliquative — f. Comatodes, Fever, apoplec-
tic— f. Communicans, see Subintrantes F. — f.
Confusa, see Confusae  febres — f. Continens, Ty-
phus— f. Continens non putrida, Synocha — f.
Continens putrida, Typhus—f. Continua inflam-
matoria, Empresma—f. Continua putrida,  Syno-
chus—f. Continua putrida icterodes Caroliniensis,
Fever, yellow — f. Continua non  putris, Synocha
—f.  Continua sanguinea, Synocha'—f. Convulsiva,
Fever, convulsive—f.  Crymodes, see Crymodes,
and  Algid  fever—f.  Culicularis,  Miliary fever—f.
cum Delirio, Fever, delirious — f. Depuratoria,
Fever, depuratory—f. Deurens, Synocha—f. Di-
aphoretica,  Fever, diaphoretic—f. Diaria,  Ephe-
mera—f. Duodecimana, Fever, duodecimane — f.
Dysenterica, Dysentery—f. Eiodes, see  Elodes—
f. Elodes icterodes,  Fever, yellow — f.  Enterica,
see  Typhus — f. Enteromesenterica, Entero-me-
senteric — f. Epacmastica, see Epacmasticos — f.
Ephemera, Ephemera—f. Epidemica cum angina,
Cynanche maligna—f. Epileptica, Fever, epileptic
—f.  Erotica, Fever, erotic—f. Erratica, Fever, ano-
malous,  Fever,  erratic, see Erratic and Planetes
—f. Erronea, see Planetes—f. Erysipelacea, Ery-
sipelas—f. Erysipelatosa, Erysipelas—f. Esserosa,
Miliary  fever — f. Exquisita,  Fever, regular — f.
Exanthematica articularis, Dengue—f. Famelica,
see  Famelica Febris—f. Flava, Fever, yellow—f.
 Flava Americanorum, Fever, yellow—f. Gangrae-
nodes, Fever, gangrenous—f. Gastrica, Fever, bi-
lious, Fever, gastric — f. Gastrieo-biliosa, Fever,
gastric—f.  Gastro-adynamica, Fever, gastro-ady-
namic — f.  Haemoptoica, Fever, haemoptoic — f.
 Hebdoraadana,  Octana— f. Hectica, Hectic fever
 — f. Hectica infantum,  Tabes   mesenterica — f.
 Hectica maligna nervosa, Typhus mitior—f. He-
 meresia, Quotidian—f. Hemitritaea, Hemitritaea—
 f. Hepatica, Fever, bilious — f.  Hepatica inflam-
 matoria, Hepatitis—f. Horrifica, see Algidus—f.
 Horrida, see Algidus — f. Humoralis, Fever,  hu-
 moral-—f. Hungarica, Fever, Hungaric—f. Hydro-
 cephalica,  Hydrocephalus internus — f. Hydro-
 phobica, Fever, hydrophobic—f. Hysteretica, see
 Postpositio—f. Hysterica, Fever, hysteric—f. Ic-
 terica, Fever, icteric—f. Iliaca inflammatoria, En-
 teritis— f.  Infantum remittens,  Fever, infantile
 remittent—f. Inflammatoria,  Synocha—f.  Inten-
 sio,  Epitasis—f. Intermittens, Intermittent fever
 —f. Intermittens cephalica larvata, Cephalalgia
 periodica—f. Intestinalis ulcerosa, see Typhus—
f. Intestinorum, Edteritis—f. Irregularis,  Fever,
anomalous — f. Lactea, Fever, milk — f. Larvata,
Fever, masked—f. Lenta, Fever, infantile remit.
tent, Hectio fever, Synochus—f. Lenta nervosa,
Typhus mitior, Fever, nervous—f. Lenticularis,
Miliary fever—f. Lethargica, Fever, apoplectic—
f. Lochialis, Fever, lochial—f. Lygmodes, Fever,
singultous — f. Lyngodes,  Fever, singultous—f.
Maligna, Fever, malignant — f.  Maligna  biliosa
Americae, Fever, yellow—f. Maligna cum Sopore,
Typhus — f. Maligna  flava  Indiae occidentalis,
Fever, yellow—f. Marasmodes, Hectic fever, Ma-
rasmopyra—f. Meningo-gastricus,  Fever, gastric
—f. Mesenterica, Fever, adeno-meningeal, Fever,
mesenteric—f. Methemerina, Quotidian—f. Mili-
aris, Miliary fever—f. Minuta, Fever, syncopal—
f. Morbillosa, Rubeola—f.  Mucosa, Fever, adeno-
meningeal—f. Mucosa  verminosa, Fever, infan-
tile remittent — f. Nautica pestilentialis, Typhus
gravior—f. Nephritica, Fever, nephritic—f. Ner-
vosa, Fever, nervous — f. Nervosa enterica,  see
Typhus—f. Nervosa epidemica,  Typhus—f. Ner-
vosa  exanthematica, Typhus — f. Nervosa  gas-
trica, see Typhus — f. Nervosa  mesenterica,  see
Typhus—f. Nervosa petechialis, Typhus—f. Neu-
rodes, Fever, nervous—f. Nocturnus, see Noctur-
nal— f. Nonana,  Fever, nonane — f. Nosocomio-
rum, Typhus gravior—f. Nycterinus, see Noctur-
nal—f. Octana, Fever, octane—f.  Oscitans, Osci-
tant  fever — f. Paludosa,  see Elodes — f. Pan-
nonica,  Fever,    Hungary — f.  Pemphigodes,
Pemphigus — f.  Pemphingodes,  Pemphigus — f.
Pempta, Quintan—f. Periodica, Fever, periodic
— f. Perniciosa, Fever,  pernicious — f. Pestilens,
Plague — f. Pestilens  maligna,  Typhus gravior
— f. Pestilentialis,  Fever, pestilential — f. Pesti-
lentialis Europae, Typhus gravior—f. Petechialis,
Typhus gravior — f. Phthisica, Hectic fever —f.
Planetes, see Planetes—f. Pleuritica, Pleuritis—f.
Podagrica, Gout—f. Polycholica, Fever, bilious—
f. Pneumonica, Fever, pneumonic, Pneumonia —
f. Puerperalis  biliosa, Metrocholosis — f. Puerpe-
rarum, Puerperal fever — f. Puncticularis, Mili-
ary fever, Typhus gravior—f. Puerperalis, Fever,
puerperal — f. Purpurate rubra  et alba miliaris,
Miliary fever—f. Purulenta, Fever, purulent—f.
Putrida, Typhus  gravior — f. Putrida nervosa,
Typhus mitior — f. Quartana, Quartan — f. Quer-
quera, see Algidus—f. Quinta, Quintan—f. Quin-
tan a,  Fever,  quintan,  Quintan — f. Quotidiana,
Fever, quotidian, Quotidian—f. Regularis, Fever,
regular — f. Remittens, Remittent fever — f. Re-
mittens infantum, Fever, infantile remittent — f.
Rheumatica inflammatoria, Rheumatism, acute—
f. Rubra, Scarlatina—f. Rubra pruriginosa, Urti-
caria—f. Sanguinea, Synocha—f. Sapropyra, Ty-
phus  gravior — f. Scarlatinosa,  Scarlatina—f.
Scorbutica, Fever,  scorbutic — f. Semitertiana,
Hemitritaea — f. Septana,  Fever, septan — f. Ses-
quialtera, Hemitritaea—f.  Sextana, FeveT, sextan
—f. Simplex, Ephemera, Fever,  simple—f. Sin-
gultosa, Fever, singultous — f.  Soporosa, Fever,
apoplectic — f. Stercoralis,  Fever, stercoral — f.
Sthenica, Synocha — f. Stomachica inflammato-
ria,  Gastritis—f. Subintrans, Ffcver, subintrant—
f.  Sudatoria, Fever, diaphoretic,  Hydropyretus,
Sudor anglicus—f. Syncopalis, Fever, syncopal—
f. Syphilitica,  Fever, syphilitic—f. Tabida, Fever,
colliquative, Hectio  fever — f.  Tertiana, Fever,
tertian, Tertian fever — f.  Tonica, Synocha — f.
Topica,  Neuralgia, facial—f. Toxica, Fever, yel-
low— f. Tragica, Fever,  tragic — f. Traumatica,
Fever, traumatic—£ Tropica, Fever, yellow—f.
Typhodes, Typhus—f. Urticata, Urticaria—f. Ute-
rina, Metritis—f. Vaga, Fever, anomalous, see Pla-
netes—f. Variolosa, Variola—f. Verminosa, Fever,
infantile remittent, F. verminous,  Helminthopyra
—f. Vernalis,  Fever, vernal—f. Vesicularis, Mili-
ary Fever, Pemphigus — f.  Virginum, Chlorosis. 
FEBRUA
379
FEIGNED DISEASES
  FEB'RU A, from februo' ' I purge.'  In ancient
trvtbology, a  goddess who  presided over men-
struation.
  FECAL, Stercoraceous.
  FECES, Faeces.
  FECONDATION,. Fecundation.
  FEi'OXMTE, Fecundity.
  FL( 'I'LA, Fa'cula, diminutive of fax, facia,
'lee.'  An immediate principle  of vegetables,
composed of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.   It
e.\i.-ts in  several plants, and has different names,
according to that which furnishes  it.  (F.) FScule,
AmydolS. When extracted from wheat or barley,
it is called starch, Am'ylum.  When from  Cycas
circina'lis, Sago; — from Orchis mo'rio, Salep.
We  say,  also, Fecula of the Potato, Bryony,
Arum, Manioc, &c.
  Fecula, Green.  This name is given to a green,
solid matter, of variable character, which i3 be-
lieved to  be resinous,  and which  renders turbid
several kinds of juices, extracted from vegetables.
It is also called Chlorophyll.
  Fecula Amylacea, Amylum  — f.  Marantae,
Arrow-root—f. Tapioka, see  Jatropha manihot.
  FECULE, Fecula.
  FECULENCE, Faculen'tia, Facoe'itae, Fax,
plural Facee,  Lemma,  Lee, Depoa'it, Drega.  In
Pharmacy, feculent, albuminous, or  other sub-
stances, which are deposited from turbid fluids.
  FECULENT,  Faculen'tua, Hypot'rygua, Try-
go'dea.  'Foul, dreggy, excrementitious;'  as  a
feculent fluid, feculent evacuations, &c.
  FECUND, Fecun'dus, Facmldus, (¥.) FSeond.
Same etymon as the next.  Fruitful, prolific.
  FECUNDATION,  Facunda'tio,  Impregna-
tion,  Impragna'tio,  Ingravida'tio,  Pragna'tio,
Gravida'tio, Pragna'tus, Fructifica!tio,  Cye'eie,
Eneye'eie, Encymo'eia,  Procrea'timt, (¥.) FScon-
dation.   The act by which, in organized beings,
the material furnished  by the generative organs
of the female, unites with that prepared by those
of the male, so that a new being results.
  FECUN'DITY,  Eutoc'ia,   Facialditae, Pro-
dttctin'itaa, (¥.) FSconditS.  The faculty of repro-
duction, possessed by organized bodies.
  It has  been estimated that,  throughout a coun-
try, taking one marriage with another, not more
than 4 children are the result; and in towns only
35 children to 10 marriages.
  FEE, Pyschorages, Sostrum.
  FEET, BURNING OF  THE.   A singular ca-
chectic disease, described  by  Mr. Malcolmson as
occurring in India, the prominent symptom  of
which was a sense of burning in the feet.
  FEGARITE,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Stomatitis,
pseudo-membranous.
  FEIGNED  DISEASES,  Morbi diasimula'ti
seu eimula'ti seu cela'ti seu infitia'ti seu psenda'-
lei, Sim'ulated or Pretend'ed diaeasea, (¥.) Mala-
dies dissimulS.es ou simulSes ou feintcs ou suppo-
sSes.  The tricks employed,  by  impostors,  to
induce a belief that they  are attacked with dis-
eases when they  are not.   These  are generally
assumed  by beggars to  obtain alms; by criminals
to escape punishment; and  by soldiers  to  be
exempt from duty.
  The following  table exhibits the chief feigned
diseases,  with the means of detection: .
A  TABLE OF FEIGNED, PRETENDED, SIMULATED, OR EXCITED DISEASES  OR
                                 DISQUALIFICATIONS.
Diseases, &c.
How Feigned.
How Detected.
1. Abortion.
2. Abstinence.
3. Amaurotic
  Blindness.
4. Apoplexy.
5. Cachexia, An.e-
mia, and Debility.

6.   Excretion  of
    Calculi.

7. Cancerous Ul-
      cer.
8. Catalepsy.
9. Chorea.
10. Contraction  of
  Joints  in  Gene-
  ral
By staining the clothes and body
  with borrowed blood.
By applying the extraot of bella-
  donna or datura stramonium to
  the eye.

By falling  down as if deprived of
  sensation and consciousness.
Using substances to make the face
  appear pale and livid. Indulging
  freely in wine, and  privation of
  sleep prior to examination.
Putting sand, pebbles, &c, into the
  urine.
By gluing on a portion of a spleen
  with the smooth side to tbe skin,
  leaving on the  outside the  ap-
  pearance of an ulcerated surface.

By seeming to be suddenly motion-
  less, the joints remaining flexible,
  and external objects making no
  impression.
By assuming the convulsive motions
  of a part which characterize cho-
 By constant and minute attention.
 Amaurosis is characterized by dila-
    ted  pupil.   Where  these  sub-
    stances have been  applied,  the
    effects will go off in ten  days or a
    fortnight.
 By powerful stimulants; an electric
    shock;  application of hot water,
    sternutatories, actual cautery, <fec
" By examining if the pulse be strong,
    and the skin hot,  and whether
    there be loss of appetite  or of
    strength, or swelling  of the limbs.
 By the aid of chymistry.   We  are
    acquainted  with the   chymical
    composition of urinary calculi.
 By noticing whether there be signs
    of cachexia, and by attentive  ex-
    amination of the part.
 By powerful  stimulants, as recom-
    mended under apoplexy.  Letting
    fall a drop of boiling water on the
    back.  Proposing to  use the  ac-
    tual cautery, and seeing whether
    the pulse rises.
 By examining the patient whilst he
    may imagine himself unobserved,
    and seeing whether  the convul-
    sive motions go on.  By antes-
    thetics.  (?)
 Mode of discrimination sometimes
    so obscure as to deceive  the most
    praotised and attentive. 
FEIGNED DISEASES
380
FEIGNED DISEASES
Diseases, <tc.
How Feigned.
How Detected.
11. Contraction  of
  mE Fingers.
12. Convulsions.
13. Opake Cornea.  •
'.I. Cutaneous Dis-
  eases.
15.Deaf-Dumbness.
16. Deafness.
17. Death.

18.   Debility,   see
  Cachexia.

19. Deformity.
20. Delivery.
Produced by the  application of a
  strong acid, by acrid powders, as
  quicklime, Ac.
Some articles of diet will bring on
  urticaria or nettle-raeh, in parti-
  cular  individuals,^as  shell-fish,
  bitter almonds, &c.  By acrids,
  acids, or any irritants  applied to
  the surface.  An ointment of tar-
  tarized antimony causes a painful
  pustular eruption.   See  Porrigo,
  in this list.
It may  be  assumed or excited by
  putting a pea in the ear, or by
  inserting irritants, so as to induce
  inflammation and temporary loss
  of function.
Some persons possess the power of
  suspending or moderating the ac-
  tion of the heart.
' Introduce a cord between  the fin-
   gers and the palm of tho hand,
   and gradually apply weights so
   as to expand the fingers.  Confine
   him so that he cannot obtain his
   food without using his clenched
   hand.
 When feigned, they do not prosent
   the rigidity of muscles or the ra-
   pidity of action  which characte-
   rize the real.  The mode of de-
   tection must be the same as in
   epilepsy.

 The existence of the opacity can be
   detected by attentive observation.
By careful examination on the part
  of practitioner and nurse.
The really deaf and dumb acquire
  an expression of countenance and
  gestures which it is difficult to
  assume.
Make a noise when not  expected,
  and see if the countenance varies
  or pulse rises.  Put  to sleep by
  opium, and then fire a pistol close
  to the ear, when  he may be
  thrown off his guard.  Examine
  the' ear to see if any  trick has
  been played there.
If suspected, the plan recommended
  under  apoplexy will  be  found
  most efficacious.
21. Diarrhoea.
22. Dropsy.
23. Dysentery.
After enlargement produced artifi-
  cially, a subsidence of the tume-
  faction ; the parts being moisten-
  ed by borrowed blood, and the
  child  of another  substituted as
  the female's own.
Said to have been caused by a mix-
  ture of vinegar and burnt cork. (?)
  May be occasioned by the use of
  any of the purgative roots, &c.
May be feigned, like pregnancy, by
  wearing  pads.  The anasarcous
  condition of the lower limbs has
  been caused by applying a liga-
  ture  round them.   By inflating
  the cellular membrane of the ab-
  domen.
May be feigned, like diarrhcea, by
  adding a little blood  to the eva-
  cuations, or by introducing a soap
  or some more irritating supposi-
  tory.    ______
Examine the part and its articula-
  tion, naked, and compare it with
  the opposite.
Can only be positively detected by
  examination per vaginam.   Soon
  after delivery, the vagina will be
  relaxed and the lochial discharge
  be flowing in  greater abundance,
  the shorter the time  that may
  have elapsed since delivery.
When diarrhoea is feigned  by the I
  lower classes, inspect  the  linen;
  if clean, the bowels  are probably
  not much out of order. Let every
  individual have a close stool of
  his own; and inspect the evacua-
  tions, taking care that one suffer-
  ing under the  disease does notj
  lend his evacuations to another.

Can be detected by attentive exa-
  mination.  There will be a want
  of _ that  leucophlegmatic habit
  which  accompanies  and charac
  terizes  dropsy.
Same rules as under diarrhoea. 
FEIGNED  DISEASES
FEIGNED DISEASES
Diseases, Ac.
24. Epilepsy.
How Feigned.
How Detected.
25. Fever.
26. Fistula in Ano.  ■
27. Fractures.
28. Hjbmatemesis.
29. Hemoptysis.
30. Hemorrhoids.

31. Heart,Diseases
  of,  see  Palpita-
  tion.
32. Hepatitis.




33. Hernia.

34. Hydrocele.
The foaming of the mouth has been
  produced by keeping a pivce of
  soap in it.
 By various  stimulants,  as  wine,
   brandy,  pepper;  swallowing  a
   small quantity of tobacco, or in-
   troducing it into the anus.  Flour
   or chalk used  to  whiten  the
   tongue.   Redness of skin, caused
   by friction with a hard brush.

 By  making an incision  near  the
   verge of the anus, and introducing
   into it an acrid tent, such as  the
   root of white hellebore, &o.
 There is generally nothing but  the
   man's own testimony.   He com-
   plains of pain in the part; if frac-
   ture of the skull  be feigned, he
   states, perhaps, that he becomes
   deranged  on tasting liquor. *
By drinking the blood  of some ani-
   mal, or using some  coloured li-
   quid,  and then throwing it up.
By secreting bullock's blood for  the
   purpose of colouring the saliva;
   making small  incisions in  the
   mouth; using bole armeniac or
  paint  of vermilion.
By introducing bladders of rats or of
  small  fish  partly into the rectum.
The  linen has also been  stained
  with borrowed blood.
 Sensation in epilepsy is totally abo-
  lished.   If any remain, disease
  probably feigned. Incontractility
  of pupil, which occurs in epilepsy,
  cannot be feigned.  Same means
  to be used as in feigned apoplexy.
 This deceit is generally  developed
  by a day or two's examination.
  Where flour or chalk  has been
  used to whiten the tongue, the
  line  of demarcation between the
  whitened  part  and  the  clean,
  healthy margin of the  tongue, i>
  too well marked to esca^« obder-
  vation.


By careful examination.
By attentive examination.v
By cutting off the supply of the fluid
  and careful examination.

Blood from the lungs is frothy and
  light-coloured. Mouth and fauces
  must be carefully inspected,  and
  the individual be observed.
The means are obvious.
35. Hydrocepha-
  lus.


36. Hysteria.
37. Insanity.
38 Jaundice.
In the same manner as hydrocele;
  — by inflation.
By puncturing the skin of the scro-
  tum,  and inflating the  cellular
  membrane.
By opening the integuments of the
  head, near the vertex, e. g. and
  blowing in air.
By colouring the skin with an infu-
  sion of turmeric or tincture of
  rhubarb. Clay -coloured stools pro-
  duced  by taking daily a small
  quantity of muriatic acid.  High-
  coloured urine by rhubarb taken
  internally.
'  Unless the person be a well-educated
   impostor, acute inflammation of
   the liver will be detected  by the
   absence  of marks  of strong in-
   flammatory action.  Chronic liver
   disease is, frequently, not charac-
   terized  by  well-marked  symp-
   toms, and hence, when assumed,
   is difficult of detection.
 The detection is easy.

         Do.
         Do.

Does not easily resist the applica-
  tion of strong sternutatories to
  the nostrils.  Attentive examina-
  tion necessary.
The expression of countenance caD-
  not easily be  feigned.  Nor can
  the affection be  kept up so long
  as in real mental alienation. The
  individual cannot do so long with-
  out food, sleep, &c.
The eyes cannot be coloured, al-
  though smoke  has been used for
  this purpose.   The skin must be
  washed to remove the colouring
  matter if any exist, and the sup-
  ply of acid and rhubarb be pre-
  vented. 
FEIGNED  DISEASES
382
FEIGNED  DISEASES
Diseases, Ac
How Feigned.
How Detected.
39. Lameness.
10. Menstruation.
41. Myopia.
  Short- Sight edn ess.
12. Ophthalmia.
43. Ozena.
44. Palpitation.
45. Pains.
By keeping the limb in a contracted
  state, and resisting any efforts to
  move it.

By staining the clothes and  body
  with borrowed blood.
Excited by a variety of acrid and
  corrosive  substances applied  to
  the eye; as lime, Ac.
A  portion of black muslin, spread
  over the cornea.  The  eyelashes
  are  sometimes  extracted,  and
  caustic applied to  excite disease
  in the palpebrae.
By impregnating a piece of sponge
  with some offensive juices or oils,
  mixed with decayed cheese, and
  putting the  imbued sponge into
  the nostrils.
White hellebore, given in the dose
  of 10  or 12 grains, and repeated,
  will occasion general  indisposi-
  tion, and undue action of the heart.
By two  persons taking hold of the
  individual  and  moving  rapidly
  along with him; and when thi-.i
  are tired,  having relays.   The
  impostor will generally give in.
By cutting off the supply.

Present an open  book, and apply
  the leaves close to the  nose.   If
  it cannot be read distinctly, w hen
  thus  placed,  or  when  glasses
  proper for short-sightedness are
  used,  the disease is feigned.
  When  ophthalmia is thus excited.
j   its  progress  is  ordinarily very
    rapid, arriving at its height within
    a few hours.
46. Shaking Palsy.


47. Paralysis.
48.  Phthisis  Pul-
  monalis.
49. Polypus Nasi.
50. Porrigo.
  Scalled Head.
51. Pregnancy.


52. Prolapsus Ani.

53. Prolapsus Ute-
Individuals with long necks  and
  contracted shoulders have simu-
  lated phthisis, by covering the
  chest with blisters,  cicatrices of
  issues, Ac, and by taking drugs
  which cause paleness.
By introducing the testicle  of a
  young cock,  or the  kidney  of a
  rabbit, into the nostril, and re-
  taining  it there by  means  of a
  sponge fastened to it.
By applying nitric acid to the head,
• after  protecting  the face  with
  fatty substances ; but the chronic
  state  is  imitated  by the use of
  depilatories of different kinds ap-
  plied  sometimes  in  patches, so
  as to resemble the  Porrigo de-
  calvans.
By wearing pads, and assuming the
  longing  after particular articles
  of diet,  Ac
Byapcrtionoftheintestineoftbeox,
 in which a sponge filled with a
 mixture of blood and milk is placed.
By a similar fraud.
Cut off the supply.
The detection is here often difficult.
  The non-existence of pain cannot
  be proved, and great pain may be
  present without any appearance
  externally.
The imposition is more frequently
  detected by  inconsistencies and
  contradictions  in  the  patientls
  history of the case, than in any
  other manner.
May be suspected, if the person be
  in an  ordinary  state of vigour.
  Try. violent remedies and means,
  recommended under Chorea.
Violent remedies are here required.
  Cold  affusion,   actual  cautery,
  electric shocks, Ac.
By attentive examination of the
  symptoms.
' By the  absence  of the areola;  the
   presence of a pad ; and, if neces-
   sary, by examination per vagi nam. 
FEIGNED  DISEASES        383        FEIGNED  DISEASES
How Feigned.
How Detected.
54.  Pulse,  Weak-
  ness  or  Defect
  of.
55.  Chronic Rheu-
  matism.
    See Pain.

56. Scrofula.
57. Scurvy.
_l
By ligatures applied to the  corre-
  sponding arm.
By exciting ulcers below the angles
  of the jaw.


By covering  the  teeth with  wax,
  and then applying acid, corrosive
  substances to the  gums.          i
56. Stammering.
59.  Stricture  of j
  the Urethra.    j
60. ?WELLINpOFTHE
  Legs.


61. Syncope.
62. Tympany.
63. Ulcer  of  the
  Ear.
'64. Ulcers  of the
   Legs, Ac.
65. Bloody Urine. -
66. Incontinence of
  Urine.
67. Varicose Veins.
j By ligatures round the thighs.     •  Examine the limbs uncovered.
Ligatures are  sometimes used  to
  prevent the pulse being felt.   By
  applying lotions  to  the  face  to
  make it pale.
Persons have possessed the power of
  swallowing air, so as to distend the
  stomach, and simulate tympany.
By introducing a tent, imbued with
  blistering  plaster  into the  ear,
  and  repeating  the  application,
  until the tube becomes ulcerated,
  and a discbarge of puriform mat-
  ter is. established.  The fetid smell
  is imitated," by dropping into the
  ear & mixture of  empyreumatic
  oil, asafcetida,  and  old  cheese.
  Also, by introducing a little honey
  into the meatus.
By corrosives, or irritants.   Some-
  times by  abrasion, by rubbing
  sand on the shin-bone. At others,
  they are pretended, by gluing on
  a piece of spleen or the skin of a
  frog.
The fruit of the Indian Fig  (Cactus
  opuntia) colours the urine as red
  as blood.  Cantharides will cause
  it.  Blood may also be procured
  and mixed  with the urine.
By a ligature, placed tightly round
  the limb.  They may be  excited
  in this manner, or aggravated if
  already existing.
By examining whether the arteries
  of the two arms beat alike: and
  if a ligature be placed on the arm.
By  examining the general habit.
  and observing whether the  ulce-
  rations be glandular, and the dis-
  charge of a. scrofulous character.
By  examining the general habit:
  whether  debilitated,  cachectic,
  and possessing the usual general
  signs of scorbutus.
Simulators  of this defect generally
  state, that it is connate, or ascribe
  it to a fit of apoplexy or severe
  fever.   Where  the  organs of
  speech were perfect, and the mo-
  ral evidence of the previous ex-
  istence of the  infirmity  was not
  satisfactory, the French  authori-
  ties used to confine the  soldiers,
  and not supply them with  food,
  until they called for it without
  stammering.

By passing a bougie.
By  using sternutatories.   By tho
  absence of some of the symptoms
  of syncope.  Examine the naked
  arms.  Wash the face.
•  By careful examination.
Artificial  ulcers have,  usually, a
   more distinct margin,  and  are
   more readily healed than others;
   the latter being generally indi-
   cative of an impaired constitu-
   tion.
By making the patient pass  his
   urine in the presence of the phy-
   sician, and examining the vessel
   before and after.  By  cutting off
   the supply of anysubstance,which
   could cause  the appearance.
Difficult, at times, of detection. Give
   the person a full dose of opium,
•   and introduce the catheter when
   he is asleep.  If there be urine,
   the incontinence is feigned.
By examining the limb. 
FEL                   384                  FERN
  FEL, Bile—f. Anguillae, see Bile—f. Bovinum,
Bile  of the Ox — f. Bovis, see Bile — f. Naturae,
Aloes—f. Tauri, see Bile—f. Terrae, Ludus Hel-
montii—f. Ursi, see Bile—f. Vitri, see Vitrum.
  FELDSCHEEREN, Bathers.
  FELINEUS, Bilious.
  FELLEUS, Biliary, Bilious.
  FELLIDUCUS, Cholagogue.
  FELLIS  OBSTRUCTIO,  Icterus —f. Super-
fuiio, Icterus—f. Suffusio, Icterus.
  FELON, Paronychia.
  FELTING, from Anglo-Saxon pelt,  cloth or
stuff made without weaving.   Tangling.   A term
applied to the hair when inextricably interlaced,
as occurs occasionally in women from inattention.
  FEL URE DE GLASER, Fissure, glenoid.
  FELWORT, Gentiana lutea.
  FEMALE, Fce'mina,  Fe'mina, Gyne, (¥.) Fe-
tuelle,  (Femme,  'woman.')  In  animals, the one
that engenders and bears the young.  It is, also,
used adjectively;—as, the Female Sex, Ac.
  Female Parts, Vulva.
  FEMELLE, Female.
  FEMEN,  Thigh (inner part), Vulva.
  FEMINA, Female.
  FEMINES'CENCE, Fceminescen'tia, from foe-
mina,  'a female.'   The possession  or assumption
of certain male characteristics  by the female.—
Mehliss.
  FEMME EN  COUCHE,  Puerpera.
   FEM'ORAL, Ftmora'lis, from femur, femoris,
'the thigh-bone.'  Belonging or relating to the
thigh ; as Femoral artery, Femoral hernia, Ac.
See Crural.
  FEMORALIS, Triceps cruris.
  FEMORO-CALCANIEN PETIT,  Plantar
muscle — f.  Popliteal, great,  Sciatic nerve, great
— f. Popliti-tibial, Poplitaeus muscle.
  FEM'ORO-TIB'IAL,  Femoro-tibia'lie.  Be-
longing to  the  femur and  tibia.   The Femoro-
tibial  articulation is the  knee-joint.
  FEMUR, Merue, Me'rium.   The thigh (q. v.)
Also, the thigh bone, Oe fem'orie, (¥.) L'oe de  la
Cuieee.  The strongest  and longest  of all the
bones of the body, extending from the pelvis to
the tibia, and forming the solid part of the thigh.
The femur is cylindrical, slightly curved  anteri-
orly, unsymmetrical and oblique downwards and
inwards.  The body of the bone is prismatic, and
has, behind, a prominent ridge, the linea aepera.
Processes. ■
 Upper or
  Pelvic
Extremity.

Inferior or
  Tibial
Extremity.
 Head supported on a
   column or neck.
 Great trochanter.
 Lesser trochanter.
' External condyle.
 Internal condyle.
 External tuberosity.
 Internal tuberosity.
  The femur ossifies from five points: — one on
each process of the pelvic extremity;  one in the
body of the bone;  and two on the condyles.  It
is articulated with the pelvis, tibia, and patella.
See Thigh.
  FEMUR COL DU, Collum  femoris—f. Mo-
ventium Septimus, Iliacus internus — f. Moven-
tium sextus, Psoas magnus—f. Summum, Vulva.
  FENESTRA.  A window,  (akin to  tpaivu, 'I
show,'and to Sanscrit/dnu.)  (¥.) Fenetre.  Ana-
tomists have given this name to  two  apertures,
situate in the  inner paries of the cavity of the
tympanum. The one of these is the  Feneet'ra
ova lie seu veetibula'rie, Fora'men ova'le.  It is
oval-shaped; situate at the base of the stapes,
and corresponds with the cavity of the  vestibule.
The other is the Feneet'ra rotun'da seu cochlea'-
rie  seu triq'uetra, Fora'men  rotun'dum.   It is
closed  by a Sne, transparent membrane, called
Membra'na Tympani eecun'daria,  Tympanum mi'
nue seu eecunda'rium, Membra na feneatra rotun'-
da, and  corresponds to  the inner scala of the
cochlea.
  Fenestra Oculi, Pupil.
  FENESTRAL, Feneatra'tue,  from feneetra,
'a  window.'   (F.)  FenetrS et FeneetrS.   Ban-
dages, compresses, or plasters with small perfo-
rations or openings, are so called.   The opcLings
prevent the detention of the discharge.
  FENESTRATES, Fenestral.
  FENESTRE,  Fenestral.
  FEN I  THE, Fenestra.
  FENETRE, Fenestral.
  FENNEL, Anethum — f. Dogs', Anthemis co-
tula—f. Flower, Nigella—f. Hog's, Peucedanum
— f. Sweet, Anethum — f.  Water, Phellandrium
aquaticum.
  FENOUIL, Anethum—/. d'Eau, Phellandrium
aquaticum-—/. 3Iarin,  Crithmum  maritimum—/.
de Pore, Peucedanum—/.  Puant, Anethum gra-
veolens.
  FENTE, Fissure—/. Capillaire, see Pilatio—
/. GISnoidale, Fissure, glenoid—/. Orbitaire, Or-
bitar  fissure—/ Orbitaire infSrieiire,  Spheno-
maxillary fissure—-/. SphSno-maxilluire, Spheno-
maxillary  fissure—/. SphSnoidale, Sphenoidal
fissure.
  FENUGREC,  Trigonella foenum.   .
  FENUGREEK, Trigonella foenum.
  FER, i'errum—/. AcState de, Ferri acetas—/.
Bromure de, see Bromine—/. Carbonate de, Ferri
protocarbonas—/.  Carbure  de,  Graphites—/.
Chaud, Pyrosis—/.  Hydrate  de,  tritoxide de,
JStites—f. Hydriodate de,  see Ferri iodidum—/.
Iodure de, F'erri iodidum, see Iodine —/. Lactate
de, Ferri  Lactas—/. Limaille de, Ferri liuiatur
—f. Perchlorure de, Ferri chloridum—/ Peroxid
de, Ferri  subcarbonas —/. et de Potaeee, tartrate
de, Ferrum tartarizatum—-/. et de  Potassium, cya.
mire de, Potassii  Ferrocyanuretum —/. et de Po-
tassium, protoeyanure de, Potassii Ferrocyanure-
tum—/. IlSduit par I'hydroglne,  Ferri pulvis—/.
Sulphate de, Ferri Sulphas—/. Sulphure de, Ferri
Sulphuretum—/. Tannate  de,  Ferri tannas—/.
 Trichlorure de, Ferri chloridum —/. ValSrianate
de, Ferri Valerianas.
  FERALIS PEDICULUS, see  Pediculus.
  FERINE, Feri'nue;  'savage,  brutal;'  from
fera, 'a wild beast.'  Therio'dee.  A term, ap-
plied to any malignant or noxious  disease.   In
France it is used  only  when  joined to  Toux;
 Toux fSrine, a dry, obstinate, and painful cough.
   FERMENT, Fermen'tum,  (quasi fervimentum,
from  ferveo,  'I burn, I ferment,') Zyma, Zymo'-
 ma, Leven, (¥.) LSvain.  The Iatrochymists ap-
 plied this name  to imaginary substances, Fer-
 men'ta mor'bi, to  which they attributed the power
 of  producing disease, by exciting a fermentation
 in  the humours.
   FERMENTATION, Fermenta'tio, Zymo'eie,
 JEetua'tio, Caueis, Brasmoe.  Same etymon.  An
 intestinal movement, occurring spontaneously in
 a liquid;  whence result  certain substances, that
 did not previously exist in it.
   The chemical physicians attributed all diseases
 to  an imaginary fermentation of the humours.
   Fermentation, Putrefactive, Putrefaction.
   FERMENTUM CEREVISLE, Yest—f. Morbi,
 Ferment—f. Ventriculi, Gastric juice.
   FERN, BUSH, Comptonia asplenifolia—f. Cin-
 namon, Osmunda cinnamomea — f. Eagle,  Pteris
 aquilina — f. Female, Asplenium filix foemina,
 Pteris aquilina—f. Flowering, Osmunda regalis—
 f. Gale, Comptonia asplenifolia — f. Male,  Poly-
 podium filix mas—f. Meadow, Comptonia aspleni-
 folia— f.  Rock,  Adiantum  pedatum — f.  Root,
 Polypodium vulgare—f. Sweet, Adiantum peda- 
FERNAMBUCO  WOOD
tum, Comptonia asplenifolia—f. Sweet, shrubby,
Comptonia asplenifolia.
  FERNAMBUCO WOOD, Caesalpinia echinata.
  FERNFREOKLED, Ephelides.
  FERNITICKLES, Ephelides
  FERO'NIA ELEPHANTUM, (from the god-
dess Ftronta.)  A tree of  India, Order Auranti-
aceae, which yields  a gum  closelv resembling
Cum Arabic.  Dr.  Pereira thinks it not impro-
bable, that a part of the Eaet India gum. taken to
England may be the produce of this tree.   The
leaves are aromatic, of an odour resembling anise,
and are used as a carminative.
  FERRAMEN'TUM, Side'rion, lustrum en'tum
fer'renin, from ferrum, ' iron.'  Any surgical in-
strument made of iron. By the vulgar, in France,
the word ferrements means the instrumente used
in difficult labours.
  FERRARIA, Scrophularia aquatica.
  FERRATUS, Chalybeate."
  FERREIN, CANAL OF, Ductus Ferrei'ni. A
triangular channel, which Ferrein  supposed to
result from the  approximation  of the free edges
of  the eyelids applied to  the globe of the eye;
and which he considered  adapted  for directing
the tears towards  the puncta lacrymalia, during
sleep.   The canal is, probably, imaginary.
  The same name is likewise given to the corti-
cul ennah,— the  first  portions of the uriniferous
ducts, whilst still in the cortical substance of the
kidney.
  Ferrein, Pyr'amids of, Pyranl idea Ferrei'ni.
Each of the papillae of the kidney,  according to
Ferrein, consists  of,  at least,  700 subordinate
cones' or pyramids.  To these last the names  'py-
ramids of Ferrein,' Pyram'ides renelles Ferrei'ni,
Faacic'itli  pyramida'lea,  Faa'ciculi  cortica'lea,
Lob'uti renum, have been given.
  FERRI ACETAS, Extrac'tum martie ace'.ti-
cuiti, Ace'ticum martia'le,  Ac"etate  of Iron,  Iron
Liquor,  (¥.) Acetate de  fer.  A preparation of
tfie  Dublin Pharmacopoeia, made by digesting 1
f J.rt of carbonate of iron in 6 parts of acetic  acid
for three days, and  filtering.   Dose,  a3 a  tonic
and astringent, IT^y to TtLxx, in water.
  Ferki JErugo, F. Subcarbonas — f. et Ammo-
niae murias, Ferrum ammoniatum — f.  Ammonio-
chloridum, Ferrum ammoniatum.
  Ferri et Alu'.mine Sulphas, Sulphate of Iron
and Alumina, is  made by treating  bicarbonated
solution  of eoft iron and  carbonated eolution of
pure waehed alumina, with aulphuric acid.  It
has been recommended as a valuable  astringent.
Dose, from five to ten grains.
  Ferri Ammo'nio-Citras, Ammonia ferro-citrae,
Ferrum  ammoni aco-cilricum,  Ammonio-citrate
of iron, Citrate of ammonia and iron.   Prepared
by  adding ammonia  to citrate  of iron,  so as to
neutralize the excess of acid.   Dose, gr. v. to gr.
viij.  A  Potassio-Gitrate and a Sodio-'Citrate
of  Iron have also been introduced;  and a Ci-
trate of the Magnetic Oxide of Iron prepared
by combining the magnetic oxide with citric acid.
  Ferri Ammonio-tartras, Ammonio-tartrate of
Iron.  This salt  .is best made  by dissolving to
saturation freshly precipitated hydrated  oxide of
iron in a solution  of bitartrate  of ammonia, and
evaporating to dryness.  It is very soluble.   The
do.»e is five grains or more in pill or solution.
  Ferri Arsenias, Arseniate of Iron—f. Borus-
sias, Prussian blue—f. Bromidum, sec Bromine—
f. Carbonas,  F. subcarbonas — f. Carbonas  Sac-
charatum, see F. Protocarbonas—f. Carbonas cum
Saccharo, see Ferri Protocarbonas — f. Carbona-
tum. Graphites—f.  Carburetum, Graphites.    ^
  Ferri Chlo'ridum, F.  Seequichlo'ridum,  (F.)
Trichlortire ou Perchlorttre defer, Chloride,  See-
quichloride, Perchloride  or Muriate of Iron, is
obtained by dissolving eeequi-chloride of iron in
      2J
FERRI  PHOSPHAS
 chlorohydric acid.  It is generally prescribed in
 the form of Tinctura Ferri Chloridi.  A concen-
 trated solution of the perchloride has'been used
 as an injection for the radical cure of aneurism.
    Ferri  Citras,  Ferrum  cit'ricum,  Citrate  of
 Iron.  Two citrates of iron  are prepared — tbe
 Sesquicitrate or Citrate of the  Sesquioxide; and
 the Citrate of the Protoxide.   The  former is offi-
 cinal in the Ph. U. S.  They resemble,  in  their
 medical properties,  the tartrate and the lactate
 of the metal.   Dose, five grains or more.
    Ferri Cyanuretum, Prussian blue—f. Deuto-
 carbonas fuscus, F. subcarbonas—f. Deutoxydum
 nigrum, iEthiops martial—f. Ferrocyanas,  Prus-
 sian blue—f. Ferrocyanuretum, Prussian blue.
    Ferri  Filum.  The  pharmacopoeial name  of
 iron wire.
    Ferri  Hydriodas, F.  Iodidum — f.  Hydro-
 cyanas,  Prussian  blue — f.  Hypercarburetum,
 Graphites.
    Ferri Io'didum, F. Iodure'tum, Ferrum. ioda'-
 tum, Iodide, or lodnret of Iron, (¥.)  Iodure  de
 fer; in solution, Hydri'odate of Iron, Ferri hy-
 dri'odae,  Ferrum  hydrioda'tum, (¥.) Hydriodate
 de fer, (Iodin.  3|ij, Ferri rament. ^j, Aq. destillat.
 Oiss.)  Mix the iodine with a pint of the distilled
 water, in a porcelain or glass vessel, and gradu-
 ally  add the  iron  filings,  stirring  constantly.
 Heat the  mixture gently until the liquid  acquires
 a light greenish colour; then filter; and,  after the
 liquid has passed, pour upon the filter half a pint
 of the distilled water,  boiling  hot.  When  this
 has  passed, evaporate  the filtered liquor, at a
 temperature not exceeding 212°, in an iron ves-
 sel, to dryness; keep the dry iodide in a closely
 stopped bottle. (Ph. U. S.)  Dose, gr. iij to  gr.
 x or more.
    Ferri Ioduretum. F. Iodidum.
    Ferri  Lactas, Ferrum lac'ticum,  Lactate  of
 Iron,  L. of Protox'ide  of  Iron,  (¥.) Lactate de
 Fer.   Prepared by digesting in a sand-bath, at a
 low  temperature,  diluted  lactic acid  with iron
 filings.  It  is employed in the same cases as the
 precipitated subcarbonate of iron, and especially
 in chlorosis.   Twelve grains of the lactate may
 be given in the 24 hours, in the form of lozenges.
    Ferri  Limatu'ra Purifica'ta, Pu'rified Iron
 Filinga : — purified by means of the magnet,  for
 internal use.   The filings  are, also, called Ferri
 Sooba, F. Ramen'ta et Fila, Martis Limatu'ra,
 Spec'ulum In'dicum, Ferri in pulverem resolu'tio,
 (¥.) Limaille  de Fer.  They are  considered to
 possess the general properties of iron :—the iron
 becoming oxidized.
    Ferri  et Magne'sle Citras, Citrate of iron
 and magne'sia, is  prepared by dissolving hydra-
 ted oxide of iron in a solution of citric acid, satu-
 rated  with  carbonate of magnesia, and evapora-
 ting to dryness.  It is soluble in water, and does
 not constipate.  Dose, from four grains to fifteen,
i in solution.
    Ferri  Nitras,  see Liquor Ferri nitratis—f.
 Nitratis Liquor, see Liquor Ferri nitratis—f. Ox-
 idum Fuscum, F. subcarbonas—f. Oxidum hydra-
 tum,  Ferrum  oxydatum hydratum—f.  Oxidum
 Magneticum, Oxydum Ferri nigrum — f. Oxidum
 Nigrum, Oxydum  Ferri nigrum—f. Oxidum ru-
 brum, Colcothar, Ferri subcarbonas — f.  Oxidum
 hydratum,  Ferrum oxydum  hydratum — f. Per-
 cyanidum, Prussian blue — f. Peroxydum hydra-
 tum,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum — f. Perses-
 quinitras, see Liquor Ferri nitratis.
    Ferri  Phosphas,  Phosphate  of Iron, (Ferri
 Sulphat. f,v,  Soda Phosphat.  ^vi, Aqua,  cong.
 Dissolve the sulphate of iron and  phosphate  of
| soda, severally, in four pints of the water;  then
 mix  the solutions, and  set the mixture  by, that
' the powder may subside; lastly, having poured
.! off the supernatant liquor,  wash the phos.pb.aw 
FERRI  PILA              386                FERRUM
of iron with Water, and dry it with a gentle heat.
—Ph. U. S.)   Dose, 5 to 10 grains as a chaly-
beate.  Rarely used.
  Ferri  Pila, F. limatura—f. et Potassae tartras,
Ferrum tartarizatum—f. Potassio-citras, see Ferri
ammonio-citras—f. Potassio-tartras, Ferrum tar-
tarizatum.
  Ferri  Protocar'bonas, Protocar'bonate  of
Iron, (¥.)  Carbonate de Fer.  The protocarbo-
nate of iron,  thrown down from a solution of the
sulphate  of iron by the carbonate of soda, readily
attracts oxygen and becomes  converted into the
sesquioxide.   To prevent this, it  may be asso-
ciated with honey and sugar, and the mixture be
reduced  by evaporation to a pilular consistence.
The mass  constitutes the Ferru'ginoue Pills, Pi-
lules ferrugineuaea, of Vallet, Vallet'e Pills.   See
Pilulae Ferri  Carbonatis.  The Edinburgh Phar-
macopoeia  contains the Ferri Car'bonas Saccha-
ra'tttm, Ferri Car'bonas cum Sac'charo, Sac'cha-
rine Car'bonate of Iron, prepared in this manner.
It is the Ferrum Carbon'icum  Saccharatum  of
Klauer.
  The protocarbonate is given in the same dis-
eases as the lactate of iron ; ten or fifteen grains
in the course of the twenty-four hours.
  Ferri Protosulphas Viridis, F. Sulphas—f.
Prussias, Prussian blue.
  Ferri Pulvis, Fer rSduit, F. rSduit  par  I'hy-
droglne,  Ferrum- metallicnm,  Powder of  iron,
Redu'ced Iron, Quevenne'e Iron, prepared by pass-
ing a stream  of hydrogen gas over the sesquioxide
of iron, contained in an iron or porcelain  tube
heated to  low redness.   It  is  very liable to be-
come oxidated, and  must be kept in a dry, well-
stopped  bottle.  It has been prescribed in anae-
mic, and especially in chlorotic cases.   The  ordi-
nary dose  is  three  to six grains, or  more, three
times a day,  in pill  made with  sugar and gum.
A formula for its preparation is given in the last
edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the  United States
(1851).
  Ferri et Qui'nie Citras, Ferrum et Chini'num
cilri'cum, Citrate of Iron and Quinia, formed by
the union of  four parts  of citrate of iron and one
part of citrate of quinia, has been  prescribed in
cases where a combination  of these  tonics is indi-
cated.
  Ferri Ramenta, F. limatura — f. Rubigo, F.
Subcarbonas — f. Scobs, F. limatura — f. Sesqui-
chloridum, Ferri chloridum—f. Sesquioxidum, F.
subcarbonas  praecipitatus.
   Ferri  Sesquinitratis,  Liquor, see Tinctura
Ferri muriatis—f. Sodio-tartras, see Ferri et am-
monio-citras.
   Ferri Subcar'bonas, F. Car'bonas, F. Rubigo,
Ferrum pracipita'tum,  Chalybia Rubigo prapa-
ra'ta. (The last two terms, as well as Ferru'go,
are  applied to the subcarbonate or rust, JEru'go
Ferri, Cacaferri, formed by the action of moist
air on metallic  iron.)   A protoxide of iron, oxi-
dized by the  decomposition of water; the carbonic
acid being attracted from the air.   Dose, gr. v to
5Jss and more.
   Ferri  Subcarbonas  may be  precipitated  from
sulphate of iron by carbonate of soda.  The fol-
lowing is the formula of the Pharmacopoeia of the
 United States: — Ferri sulph. ,:§viij; soda  carb.
^ix; aqua bullient. cong.   Dissolve the sulphate
of iron and  carbonate  of soda severally in four
pints of the  water, then mix  the solutions, and,
having  stirred  the mixture, set it by that  the
powder  may subside:  having poured off  the
liquor,  wash  the subcarbonate  with hot water,
wrap it in bibulous  paper, and dry with a gentle
heat.  It  is, also,  called  Ferri   sesquiox'idum,
Ox'idum ferri fuscum, 0- ferri rubrum, Dettto-
car'bottae  Ferri fuecus, Crocus  martis  ape'riene,
| Sesquioxide or peroxide of iron, (F.) Peroxide d«
J fer, Safran de Mara apSritif.
|   Ferri Sulphas, Sal Martie, Vitrio'lum Martie
i seu Ferri, Ferrum Yitriola'tum, Sulphite seu Pro-
 toaulphae Ferri vir'idie, Citlcad'initin,  Cnlcatar,
I Calcotar, Chalcan'thum, Calcite'a, Att amen'turn
 aitto'rium,  Vit'riol,  Vitrio'lum   viride, An'ima
 Hep'atia, Sulphate of Iron,  Green Vitriol,  Cop-
 peraa. (¥.)  Sulfate de fer.   The  Pharmacopoeia
I of the United States directs it to be made by the
I action of sulphuric acid ^xviij,  on iron wire, cut
 in pieces, ^xij—water, a. gallon — evaporating,
■ crystallizing, and drying the crystals  on bibulous
 paper.   This  salt is inodorous,  and  of a strong
 styptic taste.  The crystals are light green, trans-
 parent, rhomboidal; and  soluble in two parts of
 water.   It is  tonic and anthelmintic.  Dose, gr.
 j. to vj and  more.
   Ferri Sulphas Calcinatum,  Colcothar.
   Ferri Sulphas Exsicca'tum, Ferri Su/phai
 eicca'tum, of the Pharmacopoeias, is Sulphate of
 Iron exposed  to a moderate heat, until it is capa-
 ble of being reduced to powder.   In  this form il
 can  be made into pills.   Three  grains may be
 esteemed equivalent to  five of  the  crystallized
 salt.
   Ferri Sulphure'tum, Sulphuret of Iron, Iron
 pyrltea, (¥.) Sulfure defer; maybe  made bj
 heating one part of aiiblimed sulphur, over three
 parts of iron filings in a crucible until the mass
 begins to glow.  It is employed as a ready means
 for obtaining hydrosulphuric acid gas by the ad-
 dition of sulphuric or chlorohydric acid.
   Ferri Tannas, Ferrum  tan'nicum,  Tannate of
 Iron, (¥.) Tannate de fer.  This salt is usuallj
 obtained by adding a solution of a salt  of sesqui-
 oxide  of iron, as  the persulphate, to a decoction
 of nut-galls.  It is possessed of tonic and astrin-
 gent properties, and has been extolled,  especially
 in chlorosis.
   Ferri Tartarum,  Ferrum tartarizatum — f.
 Tritoxydum,  Colcothar.
   Ferri Valeria'nas,  Ferrum  Valeria'nicum,
  Vale'rianate  of Iron, (¥.)  Valerianate de  fer.
 Formed  by the action of valerianic acid on oxide
 of iron.  It is a dark brick-red powder, insoluble
 in water, and has been given in hysteria compli-
 cating chlorosis.  Dose, from two to  four grains.
 The Dublin Pharmacopoeia of 1850 has a formula
 for this salt.
   FERRICUS  HYDRAS, Ferrum oxydum hy-
 dratum.
   F E R R O-M AN'G ANIC,   Ferro-mangan'icue.
 Composed of iron and manganese—as a "ferro-
 manganic preparation."
    FERRUGINEOUS, Chalybeate.
    FERRUGINOUS, Chalybeate.
    FERRUGO,  Ferri subcarbonas, Ferrum oxy-
 datum hydratum.
    FERRUM, Mare, Side'roe,- Metallum hamnto-
  poelicum, Iron, (¥.) Fer.   A metal  of a bluish-
  gray colour;  fibrous texture; brilliant and fine-
  grained  fracture.  Specific gravity 7-600 to 7-800;
  hard, ductile, malleable, and magnetic.   The me-
  dicinal virtues of iron are tonic; producing fetid
  eructations,  when it  takes  effect, owing to its
  meeting with acid in the stomach, which oxidizes
 it,  and  causes  the  evolution  of hydrogen gas.
  When given in  the metallic state, the filings are
  chiefly used; but the oxides  and salts are most
  commonly employed.
    Ferrum  Ammoniacale, F. ammoniatum — f.
  Ammoniaco-citricum, Ferri ammonio-citras.
    Ferrum  Ammonia'tum, F. ammoniaca'le, Mil-
 riae Ammo'nia  et Ferri, Ferri ammo'nio-chlo'ri-
  dum, Floree martia'lee seu salts ammoniaci mar-
  tia'lee,  Ene  martis  seu  Ven'erie Boy'lei,  Sal
 martie murialicum eublima'tum, S. ammoniacum
  martia'le,  Ammo'nium murialicum  martia'tum 
FERRUM                 887             •    FEVER
bed martia'le, Ammoniacum hydrochlora'tttm fer-
ra'tttm, Aroph Paracel'ei, Calen'dula minera'lee,
Ammo'niated Iron,  Ammo'nio-chloride  of Iron,
(F.) Muriate d'ammoniaque et de fer.  A mixture
of the hydro-chlorates of ammonia  and iron. [?]
(Ferri Subcarb. giij ; acid mitriat. f %x; ammon.
muriat. Ibijss; aq. deetillat.  Oiv.   Mix  the  sub-
carbonate with  the  acid in  a glass vessel and
digest for two hours; then add the  muriate pre-
viously dissolved in  distilled  water, and having
filtered the liquor, evaporate to dryness.  Rub to
powder.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose, gr. iij.  to gr. xv.
   Ferrum  Arseniatum; Arseniate of  iron—f.
Arsenicicum oxydulatum, Arseniate of  iron — f.
Borussicum, Prussian blue — f. Bromatum,  see
Bromine.— f. Carbonicum  Saccharatum,  Ferri
protocarbonas — f. et Chininura citricum, Ferri
citras — f. Citricum, Ferri citras — f. Cyanogena-
tum, Prussian  blue—f. Haematites,  Haematites—
f. Hydriodatum, see Ferri iodidum—f. Hydro-
bromicum oxydatum, see Bromine—f. Lacticum,
see Ferri lactas—f. Magnes attractorium, Magnet
—f. Metallicum, Ferri pulvis.
   Ferrum Oxyda'tum  Hydra'tum, Ferri  Oxi-
dum Hydra'tum (Ph. U. S.) seu Perox'ydum Hy-
dra'tum, Ferru'go, Hydrae Fer'ricna, Hydro-oxide
of Iron, Hydra'ted  peroxide  of Iron,  Hydrated
 Tritoxide of Iron. It may be prepared by taking
a solution of sulphate of iron, increasing its dose
of oxygen by heating it with nitric acid, and pre-
cipitating the oxide by adding pure ammonia in
excess, washing  the  precipitate, and keeping it
 moist.
   The following is the  formula adopted by  the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States: Ferri Sulph.
§iv; acid, eulphuric. f ^iiiss ;  acid, nitric, f ^vi,
vel q. s., Liq ammonia q. s., aqua Oij.   Dissolve
the  sulphate of iron  in  the water, and having
added the sulphuric acid boil the solution : then
add the nitric acid in small portions, boiling the
liquid for a  minute or two after each addition,
until the  acid  ceases to  produce a dark colour.
Filter the liquid, allow it to  cool, and add  the
liquor ammoniae in  excess, stirring the mixture
briskly; wash  the precipitate with water, until
the  washings cease to yield a precipitate with
chloride of barium, and  keep  it close in bottles
with water sufficient to cover it.
   It has been brought forward as an antidote to
arsenic; and many cases of its efficacy have been
published.
   From  10 to 20 parts  of the hydrated oxide
would seem to be more than sufficient to convert
I part of arsenious acid into the basic salt of iron.
   Ferrum Oxydulatum Hydrocyanicum. Prus-
sian blue—f. Potabile, F. tartarizatum—f. Praeci-
pitatum, Ferri subcarbonas.
   Fbrrum Tannicum, Ferri tannas.
   Ferrum Tartariza'tum,  Tartrae Potae'ea et
Ferri, Tar'tarum Ferri, Ferri et Potaeea Tartraa,
(Ph. U. S.)  Tar'tarua chalybea'tua seu martia'lia,
Mara eolu'bilia,  Chalybe tartariza'tue, Ferri po-
tase'io-tartrae,  Tartraa kal'ico-fer'riciie seu Po-
tae'sa ferrugino'aue,  Ferrum  potab'ile, Globus
martia'lia, Glob'uli Tar'tari martia'lea  seu mar-
tia'lee eoln'ti seu martia'ti seu tartra'tie ferri et
lixio'ia, Boli Martia, Pyri martia'lea, Tartarized
Iron, Tartrate of Potaeea and Iron,  (¥.) Tartrate
de potasse et de fer, Bottle de Mars  ou de Nancy
ou de Molsheim ou d'Acier.  (Ferri eubcarb. ^\\},
Acid,  mitriat.   f%x;  Liquor  Potassa,  Ovss;
Potass. Bitart.  .^vijss, Aqua  deatillat. cong. iss.
Mix the subcarbonate of iron and  the  muriatic
acid, and digest for two hours; pour the solution
into  a gallon of the distilled water;  set aside for
an hour, and pour off  the  supernatant liquor.
To this add the liquor potassae ; wash the precipi-
tate formed frequently with water, and while yet
moist, mix it with the bitartrate of potassa and
half a gallon of the  distilled water.  Keep the
mixture at the temperature of 140° for 30 hours,
frequently stirring; filter the  solution, and evapo-
rate by means of a water bath, at the same tem-
perature,  to dryness.—(Ph. U. S.)  It is one of
the mildest of tbe salts of iron, and not unpala-
table.  Dose, gr. x. to 3SS-
   The Tinctn'ra Martia Aperitlva, Tincture of
Ludwig ;  Alcohol cum Sulpha'te Ferri tarlariaa'-
tue;  tinctura Martia Glauberi  is, essentially, a
solution  of this salt.  It is  also  called Eau de
Bottle, and is used in contusions.
   Ilelvetiue'e Styptic  was composed of the filings
of iron and tartar, mixed to a proper consistence
with French brandy.   It was called iu England
Eaton'e Styptic; but this is  now formed of Sul-
phate of  Iron.
   Ferrum Valerianicum, Ferri valerianas — f.
Vitriolatum, Ferri sulphas—f. Vitriolatum ustum,
Colcothar—f. Zooticum, Prussian blue.
   FERSiE, Rubeola.
   FERTILITY, Fecundity.
   FER'ULA, Fanon, Palette, Splint—f. Africana,
Bubon galbanum—f.  Asafcetida, see Asafcetida—
f. Graveolens, Anethum graveolens — f. Opopo-
nax, Pastinaca  opoponax — f. Persica, see Saga-
penum—f. Tingitana, see Ammoniac, gum.
   FERUS, Homicidal.
   FESISIAN, Physician.
   FESSES, Nates.
   FESSIER, Gluteal—/. Grand,  Glutaeus maxi-
mus—/. Moyen, Glutaeus medius—/. Petit, Glu-
taeus minimus.
   FESTER.  A word  of unknown  etymology,
which signifies to corrupt or rankle;  and,  when
applied to a sore, means to suppurate, or rather
to discharge  a  thin  fluid as an evidence of its
being irritated.
   FETID, Fae'tidua,  Dyso'dea, Caco'dee, Bromo'-
sus,  Grav'eolene. Having a bad smell.
   FETUS, Foetus, Pregnant.
   FEU ACTUEL, Cauterium—/. Persigue, Her-
pes zoster, see Anthrax—/. Potential,  see Caute-
rium—^. SacrS,  Erysipelas—  f.  St. Antoine, Ery-
sipelas—/. Sauvage, Ignis sylvaticus—/. Volage,
Ignis sylvaticus.
   FEU1LLET,  Omasum; see  Tache embryon-
naire.
   FEUX DE DENTS, Strophulus—/. Volagee,
Porrigo larvalis.
   FE VE, Vicia faba—/. de  Carthaglne, Habilla
de Carthagena—/. d Cochon, Hyoscyamus—/•
Epaieee, Sedum telephium—/. dee Maraie, Vicia,
faba—/.  de Sainte  Ignace, Ignatia  amara—/.
Pttrgatif, Ricinus communis.
   FEVER, Febrie, from feritas,  'wildness,' or
from fervor,  ' heat,'  or from  februo, ' I purify :'
Pyr, Pyr'etoe, wvptros, (¥.) Filvre.  One  of the
most frequent and dangerous affections to which
the body is liable.  A person has an attack of
fever, when he is affected with rigors, followed by
increased  heat of skin, quick pulse, languor, and
lassitude.   Rigors, increased heat,  and frequency
of pulse have each been assumed as the essential
character  of fever.  It is not  characterized, how-
ever, by any  one, but  depends upon  the coexist-
ence of many symptoms. Fevers have been usu-
ally  divided into idiopathic or eeeential, and into
symptomatic.   The idiopathic arise without  any
obvious local  cause.   The  symptomatic are de-
pendent upon local irritation.  Idiopathic fevera
may be divided  into three classes: 1. Those al
tended with distinct paroxysms: — intermittents.
2. Remittent and continued fevers:  and, 3. Fevers
complicated with eruptions,  or  the  exanthema-
tous.   These  divisions  admit of great variety,
owing to climate, season, soil, age, Ac.  All  ages
and climates  are liable to fever;  and its exciting 
FEVER     •           388                 FEVER
  causes are very numerous.  These causes may be
  common ; as irritations in the intestines ;  external
  injuries, stimulants, Ac ; or they may be epecific ;
  as miasmata, contagion, Ac. The greatest diver-
  sity has prevailed  regarding the theory of fever.
  Its primary seat has been placed in the  brain,
  mucous  membrane of the stomach and intestines,
  skin, nerves, blood-vessels, liver, vena cava, pan-
  creas, Ac.  It  would seem,  however,  that  al-
  though,  in fever, the whole of the functions are
  morbidly impressed, the arguments  in favour of
  the impression  being first made on the nervous
  system  and  the system  of  nutrition  are the
  strongest.  The exciting cause of fever, whatever
I  it may be, produces an  irregular action in tbe
  system of nutrition, which is soon conveyed to the
  rest of the system, owing to the extensive  sym-
  pathy which exists between  every part of the
  body ; and it is probable, that all those local in-
  flammations and congestions are the consequence,
  rather than the cause, of this disordered condi-
  tion  of  the system.  The general  character  of
  fever  is  clearly shown  by examination of the
  blood.   When fever is devoid  of inflammatory
  complication, the quantity of fibrin  is in no case
  augmented. It frequently remains in the healthy
  proportion, and at times diminishes to an extent
  not met  with in any other acute disease.  The
  alteration of the blood in  fevers, which consists
  generally in a diminution of the fibrinous element,
  is the reverse of what occurs in inflammation.
     Many  phenomena of fever  are influenced  by
  that periodicity, which we notice in the execution
  of several of  the functions of  the body.  The
  types of intermittents  are strong  evidences  of
  such an influence.
     In the treatment of fever, it is important to bear
  in mind, 1. Its  tendency, particularly in the case
  of the exanthemata, to run a definite course, and
  terminate in restoration to health.  2. The dispo-
  sition to local  determination  or hyperaemiae: —
  the most frequent cause  of the fatal termination
  of fever; a circumstance  requiring the vigilant
  attention  of the physician.  3. That the symp-
  toms must be attentively studied, in order to de-
  duce, as far as possible from them, the indications
  of cure.   Lastly, attention must be paid to tbe
  prevalent epidemic.  There are particular seasons
  in which fevers are very malignant; and others
  in which they are as mild ; circumstances which
  necessarily have an effect upon the treatment.
     Fever and Ague, Intermittent Fever—f. Ac-
  climating, F. strangers.'
     Fever,  Ade'no-Meninge'al,  Febrie ade'no-
  meninge'a seu meeenter'ica (Baglivi,) seu muco'ea,
  Morbua  muco'aua,  Gaatro-duodenop'yra, Mucoue
  or Pitu'itoue or Catar'rhal Fever, Phlegmap'yra,
  Phlegmop'yra, Phlegmatop'yra, Gaetro-Bronchl-
  tie.  Fever, accompanied with considerable mu-
  cous  secretion; especially from the  digestive
  tube.
     Fever, Adeno-Nervous, Plague.
     Fever, Adynam'ic, Febrie adynam'ica, Aethe-
  nicop'yra, Aethenicopyr'etue, Aethenop'ora, Aethe-
  nopyr'etue.  Fever attended with great prostra-
  tion of the vital powers—as Typhoid and Typhus
  fever.
     Fever, Af'rican, Febrie Africa'na.  The ma-
  lignant bilious remittent fever, which prevails on
  the western coast of Africa,
     Fever, Algid, see Algidus.
     Fever, Anom'alous, Febrie Anom'ala seu er-
  rolica seu irregula'ria seu vaga. A fever, whose
  progress and type are-irregular.
     Fever, Aphon'ic, Febrie apho'nica. A variety
  of intermittent, in which the voice is lost during
  the paroxysm.
     Fever, Apoplec'tic, Febrie apopfec'tiea seu
  eomato'des seu  lethar'gica  seu soporo'ea, Com'a- |
 toee Fever.  An intermittent or continued fever*
 attended with apoplectic symptoms.
   Fever, Articular Eruptive, Dengue—f. Ar-
 ticular rheumatic, Dengue.
   Fever,  Artific"ial, Febris artificia'lie  seu
 arte promo'ta.  Fever  produced  designedly by
 the internal or external use of stimulants.
   Fever,  Asthen'ic,  Febrie  aethen'ica.  Fever
 accompanied with debility.  It may include every
 variety of  fever under certain circumstances, but
 is generally appropriated to typhus.
   Fever,  Asthmat'ic,  Febrie  aethmat'ica.   A
 pernicious  intermittent, accompanied with symp-
 toms of asthma.
   Fever, Ataxo-ADYNAm'ic, Febrie atax'o-ady-
 nam'ica.  Fever  characterized  by symptoms of
 ataxia and adynamia.
   Fever,  Barcelona,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Bas-
 tard, Illegitimate fever.
   Fever, Bil'ious, Febrie bilio'sa seu polychol-
 ica seu aeo'dee seu  choler'ica  sen gaa'trica  seu
 hepat'ica  seu  cholcpyrelica,  Cholep'yra,  Clio-
 lepyr'ettts,   Hepatogaetrocholo'eia,  Enterop'yra
 bilio'8a, Choloze'mia febrllie, Syn'ochus bilio'sa.
 The common  remittent fever   of summer  and
 autumn; generally supposed to be owing to, or
 connected with, derangement of the biliary system.
   Fever,  Bilious Remitting,  Yellow,  Fever,
 yellow—f.  Bladdery, Pemphigus.
   Fever  Blister.  A term, vaguely applied to
 vesicular  or pustular  eruptions,  which appear
 particularly about the  mouth, during or after
 febrile disturbance.
   Fever, Boa. Vista.   A  malignant bilious-re-
 mittent fever,  greatly resembling yellow fever,
 which  was  very  fatal  at Fernando  Po, and in
 ships in its  waters, in the year 1845.
   Fever,  Bona.  A  malignant  paludal fever,
 which  prevailed amongst the troops' of the garri-
 son at Bona in Algeria, from 1832 to 1835.
   Fever, Bone, see  Inflammation—f. Bouquet,
 Dengue — f. Brain,  F.  cerebral,  Phrenitis — f.
 Brain, water, Hydrocephalus internus—f. Break-
 bone,  Dengue — f. Bucket,  Dengue — f.  Bulam,
 Fever, yellow—f. Camp, Typhus gravior.
   Fever, Cardial'gic, Febria  Oardial'gica. A
 variety of  pernicious intermittent, accompanied
 with violent cardialgia during the paroxysm.
   Fever, Cardit'ic.  Intermittent fever, accom-
 panied with pain at the heart.
   Fever, Catarrhal, F. adeno-meningeal.
   Fever,  Cephalal'gic,  Febrie  cephalalgica,
 A pernicious intermittent, accompanied with in-
 tense pain of the head.  Also, intermittent ce-
 phalalgia.
   Fever,  Cephal'ic, Febrie cejihal'ica.  A fe-
 brile affection of children — intermediate between
 tbe acute form  of active cerebral congestion and
 the chronic form — which  is attended by fever,
 pain in  the head, disorder, or more  generally
 constipation of the bowels, and a train of pheno-
 mena often supposed to be premonitory .of an at-
.tack of hydrocephalus.—Mauthner.
   Fever, Cer'ebral, Brain fever.  Fever, gene-
 rally of an  ataxic character, in which the brain is
 considerably affected.
   Fever,  Chagres, Panama' Ferer.  A sevtxe
 form of endemic fever, common on the isthmus
 of Panama.
   Fever, Childbed, Fever, puerperal, Puerperal
 Fever — f.  Childbed, Low, see Peritonitis.
   Fever,  Chol'eric,  Febrie choler'ica,  A  va-
 riety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied  with
 symptoms of cholera morbus.
   Fever,  Choleric, op Infants, Cholera in-
 fantum.
   Fever, Chronic, Febrie  chron'ica.   Some au-
 thors apply this name to protracted fevers; others
 to hectic fever. 
FEVER
389
FEVER
   Fever, Colliquative, Febria tab'ida seu coM»-
 quatt va.  Fever,  characterized by  rapid ema-
 ciation, copious evacuations,  and rapid  prostra-
 tion of strength.
   Fever, Comatose, F. apoplectic.
   Fever, Conges'tive, Febrie  congeeti'va.  Fe-
 ver accompanied by obscure symptoms; or by
 great  oppression and  depression; in which it is
 difficult —and often impossible — to induce reac-
 tion.  Congestive fevers occurs in various parts
 of this country, especially in the fall; and they
 are very common in India.  The term congestive
 fever is often used in some parts of  the south of
 the United  States very indefinitely — to include
 winter typhus, and typhoid fevers, typhoid pneu-
 monia, as well as intermittents and autumnal re-
 mittents.—Dickson.
   Fever, Continent,  see  Continent and Con-
 tinued fever — f. Continual, see Continued fever
 — f. Continued, common, Synoehus.
   Fever, Convul'sive, Febris convulalva.   A
 pernicious intermittent or remittent, accompanied
 by convulsions.
   Fever, Country.   Fever occasioned  by ex-
 posure to the miasms  of a highly malarious soil.
 A term much used in the Southern States.
   Fever, Delir'ious, Febrie cum delir'io, (¥.)
 Filvre dSlirante.  A pernicious intermittent, cha-
 racterized by delirium in the paroxysms.
   Fever, Dep'uratory,  Febrie  depurato'ria.
 A fever, to which was  attributed the property of
 purifying the blood:  or which indicated, that
 such a supposed depuration had  occurred.
   Fever, Diaphoret'ic,  Febrie  diaphoret'ica,
 Febria audato'ria.   A pernicious  intermittent,
 with excessive sweating during the fit.
   Fever, Diary, Ephemera.
   Fever, Diges'tive.   The chilliness, followed
 by increased heat and quickness of pulse, which
 frequently accompanies digestion.
   Fever, Double, (F.) Filvre double ou  doublSe.
 An intermittent, which has two paroxysms in a
 given  time, instead of one.
   Fever, Double-Quartan.   A  fever, whose
 paroxysms occur two days in succession,  and fail
 the third day; the first paroxysm resembling the
 4th, and the second the 5th.
   Fever, Double-Quotidian.   An intermittent,
 whose paroxysms return twice every day at cor-
 responding hours.
   Fever, Double-Tertian.  An  intermittent,
 whose paroxysms  return  every day; the  first
 corresponding with the 3d, the  second with  the
 4th, and so on.
   Fever, Duodec"imane, Febria  duodecima'na.
 A supposititious  intermittent, whose  paroxysms
 recur on the 12th day,  or every 11 days.
   Fever, Dynamic, Synocha — f. Endemial, Re-
 mittent F. — f. Endemic, Remittent F.—f. En-
 demical, Remittent F.—f. Enteric, see Typhus—
 f. Ephemeral,  Ephemera.
   Fever, Epilep'tic, Febris epilep'tica.  A va-
 riety of  pernicious intermittent, accompanied
 with attacks of epilepsy.
   Fever, Erot'ic,  Febria  erot'ica,  (¥.) Filvre
 oVamour.  A chronic fever, occasioned by unpro-
 pitious love.
   Fever, Errat'ic, see Erratic — f. Eruptive,
 Exanthematica — f.  Eruptive, articular, Dengue
 —f. Exacerbating, Remittent Fever.
  Fever, Fainting, of Persia.   A singular and
 fatal epidemic, presenting some points of analogy
 with cholera,  which prevailed at Teheran in the
 autumn of 1.842.
  Fever, Five Day, see Relapse.
  Fever, Gan'grenous, Febrie gangrano'dee.
Fever, accompanied by gangrene of various parts,
and especially of the limbs and genitals.  Senae
describes an intermittent of this kind.            1
   Fever, Gastral'gic.  An intermittent accom-
 panied with acute burning lacerating pain at the
 stomach.
   Fever, Gastric,  Febrie  gaa'trica  seu  gaa'-
 trica  bilio'aa,  Gastrop'yra,  Gaatropyr'ettte,  Goe-
 trocholo'eie, Hepatogaatrocholo'aie, Stomach'ic fe-
 ver, Syn'ochue Bilio'sa.  A name  given by some
 to bilious fever, which has appeared  to them to
 be dependent on an affection of the stomach.
 Also,  called Menin'go-gastric fever,  Febrie  me-
 ningo-gae'trica,  Meningo-gastrltia,  Gaatro-me-
 ningltia, Harveat fever, (¥.) Filvre de la Moit-
 8on, F. Meuingo-ga8trique.
   Fever,  Gastro-Adynam'ic,  Febrie  gaetro-
 adynam'ica.   A fever, in which  the symptoms
 of bilious fever are joined with those of adynamic
 fever.
   Fever,  Gastro-Angioten'ic.  A  fever,  in
 which  the symptoms of bilious are united with
 those of inflammatory fever.
   Fever, Gastro-Atax'ic.   A fever, in which
 the symptoms of bilious fever are united with
 those of ataxic fever.
   Fever, Gibraltar, Fever, yellow—f. Harvest,
 F. Gastric—f.  Haamagastric,  F. yellow.
   Fever, Hemop'toic, Febrie Hamopto'ica.   A
 variety of masked intermittent, in which periodi-
 cal haemoptysis is the chief symptom.
   Fever, Hay, Catarr'hua aati'vua, Summer  Ca-
 tarrh, Hay Asthma, Rose Catarrh, Summer Bron-
 chi'tie.  A catarrh  to which  certain persons  are
 subject in summer, and which has been ascribed
 in England to the effluvium of hay,  but this is
 not the  probable cause.  It is a catarrh with
 sneezing, headach, weeping, snuffling  and cough,
 with, at times, fever and general discomfort.   It
 is not  uncommon in this country.  It  disappears
 spontaneously, — to recur on subsequent years
 about the same period.
   Fever, Hebdom'adal.  A supposititious fever,
 whose paroxysms return weekly, and on the same
 day.
   Fever, Hectic, see  Consumption, and Hectio
 Fever.
   Fever, Hepat'ic or Hepatal'gic. A perni-
 cious intermittent, with violent pain in the right
 hypochondrium.
   Fever, Hill.  A modification of remittent,
 occurring in the hilly districts of India.
   Fever, Hospital, Typhus  gravior.
   Fever, Hu'moral, Febrie  humora'lie.  Fever
 in which an alteration or deterioration of the hu-
 mours  is suspected.
   Fever, Hun'gary, Febris Hnngar'ica seu Pan-
 non'ica, Lues  Panno'nia,  Morbue Ungar'icue,
 Cephalon'osus,  Vermis cer'ebri,  (¥.) Fievre Hon-
 groise ou de Hongrie.  An epidemic typhus, com-
 mon amongst the soldiers in barracks, in Hungary.
   Fever, Hydrophobic,  Febris hydrophob'ica.
 Pernicious intermittent,  with dread of  liquids.
   Fever, Hyster'ic, Febris hysterica.  Hyste-
 ria, accompanied by fever.  Hysteria, occurring
 with each paroyxsm of an intermittent.
   Fever, Icter'ic, Febris icter'ica.   Fever, ac-
 companied with  jaundice.  Some intermittents
 exhibit  this complication at each paroxysm.
   Fever, Icteric, Remitting, see Relapse.
   Fever, In'fantile Remit'tent, Febris infan'-
 tum remit'tene, F. vermino'ea, (of many), F. initco'-
 sa vermino'ea, F. lenta, Spurioue worm  fever, Re-
 mitting fever of children, Hee'tica infant'ilia.   A
 fever occurring in childhood, which  often assumes
 many of the characters of hydrocephalus.  It ap-
 pears generally to be dependent upon  a morbid
 condition of the stomach and bowels.
  Fever, Inflammatory, Synocha.
  Fever, Insid'iocs.   Fever,  which, at first,
seems devoid of danger, but subsequently becomes
of a more or less malignant character. 
FEVER                 3
  Fever, Intermittent, see Intermittent fever
«—f. Jail, Typhus gravior — f. Jungle, see Jungle
fever.
  Fever, Lake.  Fever produced by exposure
to the  malaria  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the
northern lakes of this country.
  Fever, Lenticular, Miliary fever — f. Irrita-
tive, Irritation, morbid.
  Fever, Lo'chial, Febrie lochia'lie. That ac-
celeration of the circulation which sometimes
occurs during the discharge of the lochia.
  Fever, Lung, Catarrh, Pneumonia.
  Fever, Malig'nant, Febrie malig'na.   Fever
which makes its approaches insidiously, and sub-
sequently becomes formidable.   Any fever which
exhibits a very dangerous aspect.   Typhue gra-
vior.
  Fever, Malig'nant Pestilential, Fever, yel-
low—f. Marsh, Elodes (febris.)
  Fever, Masked, Febrie larva'ta,  (¥.) Fievre
larvSe, Dead or Dumb Ague.  An anomalous in-
termittent, the paroxysms of which have not the
regular stages, or are maeked.
  Fever, Meningo-gastric, Fever gastric.
  Fever, Mesenter'ic, Febrie  meeenter'ica.  A
name given,  by Baglivi, to a species of fever which
appears  to have belonged either to the mucous or
bilioua.
  Fever, Milk, Febrie lac'tea, (F.) Filvre de
lait ou laitettee ou lactSe; Galactop'yra,  Galac-
topyr'etue.   The  fever which precedes or accom-
panies the secretion of milk in women recently
delivered.  It comes on generally about the third
day after delivery, and is characterized by quick
pulse; increased heat;  redness  of face; diminu-
tion  or temporary suspension of the  lochial  dis-
charge ; tumefaction and tension of the  breasts.
It commonly terminatea in twenty-four hours,
and often with profuse  perspiration.  It requires
the use of antiphlogistics, with dry diet.
  Fever, Mixed, Synochus—f. Mucous, F. ade^
no-meningeal.
  Fever, Nephrit'ic, Febrie nephrilica.  Inter-
mittent  fever,  -accompanied with nephritic  pain
during the paroxysm.
  Fever, Nervous, Febris nervo'ea  seu neuro'-
des seu  lenta  nervo'ea,  Neurop'yra,  Neuropyr'-
etus.   A  variety of Typhus;  the Typhue mitior
of Cullen.   By many, however, it is  esteemed a
distinct disease.   See Typhoid fever.
  Fever,   Nervous,   with  Exanthematous
Eruption, Typhus.
  Fever, Neuralgic, Dengue.
  Fever, Niger.  A malignant fever,  of tbe
bilious remittent kind, which  proved fatal to
many in the expeditions sent out by the British
government to explore  the  Niger, in the years
1841-42, and previously.
  Fever, Non'ane, Febria nona'na.  A supposi-
titious fever, whose paroxysms recur every ninth
day,  or every eight days.
  Fever, Oc'tane, Febrie octa'na.  An intermit-
tent, whose paroxysms recur every eighth day.
  Fever, Paludal, Intermittent — f. Panama,
Fever, Chagres—f. Paroxysmal, Remittent fever
—f. Periodic, Intermittent.
  Fever, Period'ical, Febrie  period'ica.   An
intermittent or remittent fever.
  F.f,ver, Pernic"ious, Febris pernicio'ea.   In-
termittent fever, when  attended with great dan-
ger,  and which  destroys the majority of those
affected  by it in the  first four or five paroyxsms;
sometimes in the very first.
  Fever, Pestilen'tial, Febrie peatilentia'lia.
The Plague. Also a severe case of typhus.  The
yellow fever and sweating sickness  have, like-
wi.-e, been thus designated.
  Fever, Pestilential, of Cattle, Murr — f.
^ituitous, F. adeno-meningeal.                 Ii
0                 FEVER
  Fever, Pleurit'ic.   An intermittent or re-
mittent, accompanied with inflammation of the
pleura.
  Fever, Pneumon'ic,  Febrie pntumon'ica.  An
intermittent,  accompanied with inflammation of
the lungs.  Also, pneumonia.
  Fever Poison, see Poison — f. Pseudo, Irrita-
tion, morbid.
  Fever, PvER'puRAlj,Febriepuerpera'lie,Child-
bed fever, (¥.) Filvre puerpSrale.   This name
has  been given  to several acute diseases, su-
pervening on delivery.  It means, generally, a
malignant variety  of peritonitis, which runs its
course very  rapidly, and  passes into a typhoid
condition, unless met,  at  the very onset, by the
most  active  depleting  measures.  By the gene-
rality of practitioners, it is esteemed to be emi-
nently contagious; some,  however, deny that it
is so.  See Peritonitis,  and Puerperal fever.
  Fever, Puerperal Adynamic or Malignant,
see Peritonitis—f. Puking, Milk sickness.
  Fever, Pu'rulent, Febrie purulen'ta.  Fever,
which accompanies suppuration.
  Fever, Putrid, Typhus gravior.
  Fever, Quintan, Febrie quinta'na.  A fever,
whose paroxysms  return every fifth  day.   It is
seen rarely, or never.
  Fever, Quotidian,  see Quotidian—f.  Red
Tongue, see Typhus.
  Fever, Reg'ular, Febrie regula'rie seu ex-
quiei'ta.   An intermittent whose paroxysms fol-
low a determinate type.  It is opposed  to atypic.
Sometimes opposed to anomalous.
  Fever, Relapsing, see  Relapse.
  Fever, Remittent, see Remittent Fever—f.
Remittent, Bilious, see Relapse—f. Remittent, in-
fantile, see Fever,  infantile remittent—f. Remit-
tent of children,  F. infantile remittent—f. Remit-
ting icteric, see Relapse—f. Rheumatic,  Rheuma-
tism,  acute—f. Root, Triosteum perfoliatum.
  Fever, Scorbu'tic,  Febrie  ecorbu'tica.   The
febrile movement, which sometimes accompanies
scorbutus or scurvy.
  Fever, Seasoning, F., strangers'.
  Fever, Sec'ondary.  Afebrile condition which
recurs in certain affections after having ceased;
such as the secondary fever, which comes on at
the  time  of the  maturation  of  the  variolous
pustules, or as the eruption of scarlatina, Ac,
disappears.
  Fever, Septan, Febrie eepta'na.  An inter-
mittent, whose paroxysms  recur every six days,
and consequently on the seventh.
  Fever, Seven Day,  see Relapse.
  Fever, Sextan,  Febrie  eexta'na.   A fever,
which recurs every five days,  and consequently
on the sixth.
  Fever, Ship, see Typhus.
  Fever, Simple,  Febrie Simplex. Simple  fever
is  that, which has no predominant character —
bilious, inflammatory, or nervous; and which is
unaccompanied by any local determination, hy-
peraemia, or complication.   It may be continued,
remittent, or  intermittent.
  Fever, Simple Continued.  This is the most
favourable form  of continued fever, and has  a
tendency  to  wear  itself out, provided  only the
ladentia be  avoided.  The  prognosis  is conse-
quently favourable,  and  the treatment simple
consisting in  perfect repose of body and  mind,
abstinence, and  relieving the thirst   by  cold
drinks.
  Fever, Singul'tous, Febrie eingulto'ea  sen
lygmo'dee seu lyngo'dee.   Fever, accompanied
with singultus or hiccough.
  Fever, Solar, Dengue —f. Spotted, Typhus
gravior.
  Fever, Ster'coral, Febrie etercora'lie. Fever, 
FEVER                  891       FIBRES,  CONVERGING
produced by an accumulation  of faeces in the in-
testines.
  Fever, Stomachic, Gastric Fever.
  Feveii, Strangers', Accllmatinq or Seasoning j
fever.   Yellow, or  remittent fever, which is en- j
demic  in  certain places, and  to which  strangers
are especially liable.
   Fever, Subcontinual, Remittent Fever.
   Fever,  Subin'trant, Febria aubin'trana.   An
 intermittent, in which one paroxysm is scarcely
 fini.-hed before the other begins.
   Fever, Sun, Dengue—f. Sweating, Sudor An-
 glicus.
   Fever, Syn'copal, Febria ayncopa'lie seu mi-
 nu'ta, (¥.)  Filvre  syncopale.  A  variety of per-
 nicious intermittent, in which there is, in every
 paroxysm, one or more faintings.
   Fever, Synochoid, Synochus.
   Fever, Sypiulit'ic, Febris eyphililica. Fever,
 accompanying syphilis, or supposed to be owing
 to a syphilitic taint.
   Fever, Ter'tian, Febrie  tertia'na.  A fever,
 whose paroxysm returns on the third day, and
 consequently every two days.
   Fever, Third Day, Tertian.
   Fever,  Trag"ic,  Febrie Trag"ica.   A  low
 fever, in which the patient declaims like an  actor
 during the delirium.
   Fever, Tkaumat'ic, Febrie traumalica.  The
 fever, which supervenes on wounds or great sur-
 gical  operations.
   Fever, Trembling, Intermittent fever—f. Ty-
 phoid, see Typhus—f. Typhoid, of India, Cholera
 —f. Typhous, Typhus — f. Varicellar,  see Vario-
 loid—f. Varioloid, see Varioloid.
    Fever, Ver'minous, Febrie vermino'aa,  Hel-
 minthop'yra, Worm fever.   Fever, produced  by
 the presence of worms in  the  digestive tube, or
 accompanied by their expulsion.
    Fever, Vehnal,  Febrie  verua'lie.  An inter-
 mittent or other fever occurring  in the  spring.^
 Vernal intermittents were  formerly considered
 salubrious.
              "An  ague in the spring
               Is physic for a king."
   Fever, Vesicular, Pemphigus.
   Fever, Wal'cheren, Gall-sicknese.   The re-
 mittents and intermittents to which the British
 troops were exposed, who were attached to the
 expedition  to Walcheren, in 1809.
    Fever, Water Brain,  Hydrocephalus inter-
 nus— f. Winter, see Tongue,  black—f. Worm,
 Verminous F. — f. Worm, spurious, Fever, infan-
 tile remittent.
   Fever, Yellow,  Febria  flava,  F.  seu Peetie
 America'na, F. flava Americano'rum, F.  trap'ica,
 F.  contin'ua pit'trida ictero'dea Carolinien'aia, F.
 elo'dea ictero'dea,  F. malig'na bilio'sa Amer'ica,
 F.  malig'na flava India Occidenta'lie,  F. tox'ica,
 Cholo'eie Amerioa'na, Ochroty'phua, Loimocholo'-
 sis, Pestilen'tia hamagas'trica, Peetie occidenta'-
 lie  seu intertrop'ica,  Vom'itne niger, Epan'etue
 iiialig'nuaflavua, Remitlena ictero'dea, Tritaoph'ya  j
 America'na, Typhue ictero'dea,  Oehrop'yra, Sytl-
 ochus ictero'dea, Ende'mial Caitsue  of the  West
 Indiee, Cauena  trop'icus endem'icus,' Bilious re-
 mitting yellow fever, Malignant pestilential fever,
 Filvre jaune d'AmSrique. F. matelote, F. gaatro-
 adynamique, F. de la Barbade,  F. de Stam, F.
 htSrique, F.  Gaetro-hSpatique,  Typhue  miasma-
 tiqne  ataxique put ride jaune, T. jaune, T.dAme-
 riqite,  Vomito prieto, Vomito negro, Mal de Mam,
 Hainagaa'tric Fever or Pea'tilencc, Black vomit,
 Bulam, Gibraltar and Barcelo'na Fever,—\n\g., in
 the West Indies. Mulalto Jack and Yellow Jack.
 A very acute and dangerous febrile affection ; so
 called, because complicated, in its  second stage,
 with  a jaundiced appearance, accompanied  by
 vomiting of black matter.  Sauvages, Cullen, and
others regard it as a variety of typhus; and Pinel,
as a species of gastro-adynamic, or bilious putrid
fever. It occurs, endemically, only within the tro-
pics ; but it has been met with epidemically in the
temperate regions.  Broussais regards the disease
as  gastro-euteritis, exasperated by  atfriospherio
heat; so that it  runs through  its stages  with
much greater rapidity than  tbe  gastro-enteritis'
of our climates.  The yellow colour of the  skin,
according  to him, is  owing to  the inflammation
of the small intestine,—and especially of the duo-
denum, — augmenting the secretion of tbe liver,
and at  the same time preventing its discharge
into the duodenum.  The pathology of this affec-
tion, as  well as its origin, is still unsettled.  The
treatment must generally be of the most active
nature at the onset; consisting in bleeding largely,
and exhibiting  mercury, so as to excite a new
action,  if possible; — the other symptoms being
combated  according  to general   principles.  It
must vary, however, according to the epidemic.
   Fever, Yellow, Mild, see Relapse.
   FEYERBUSH, Laurus benzoin, Prinos.
   FEVER DROPS, WARBURG'S, see Bebeeru.
   FEVERET, Febricula.
   FEVERFEW, Matricaria.
   FEVERFOUILLIE, Matricaria.
   FE'VERISH, Fe'verous, Feb'riene, Febrico'eua,
 (¥.) Filvreux, from febria, ' fever.'  That which
 causes  fever or is febrifa'cient or febrif'ic; as
feverieh food, feverieh  diathesis, Ac.  Also, tho
 state of one labouring under fever,  Feversick.
 If affected with intermittent fever, he is said to
 be a'garified in Suffolk, England.
   FE'VERISHNESS, Febricita'tio, Febriculoe'-
 ity.  The state of having fever.  A slight febrile
 disorder.
   FEVEROUS, Feverish.
   FEVERROOT, Pterospara andromedea.
   FEVERSICK, see Feverit-h.
   FEVERTREE, Pinckneya pubens.
   FEVERWOOD, Laurus benzoin.
   FEVER WORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Tri-
osteum.
   FEWS, Sempervivum tectorum.
   FEY, Psychorages.
   FEYK, Fidgets.
   FIBER, Castor fiber.
   FIBRA, Fibre —f. Aurea, Coptis—f. Nervea,
Nerve-fibre—f. Sanguinis, Fibrin.
   FIBR.E ARCIFORMES, see Arciform.
   FIBRE, Fibra, le,  Ctedon, Filum.  An organic
filament, of  a solid consistence, and more or less
 extensible, which enters into the  composition of
 every animal and vegetable texture.  The eimple
 or elementary fibre of the  ancients, from a parti-
 cular assemblage and arrangement of which every
 texture  of the body was conceived to  be consti-
 tuted, seems entirely ideal.  The moderns usually
 admit,  with Haller and  Blumenbach,  three ele-
mentary fibree or tieeuee.  1. The  cellular or lami-
 nated, formed chiefly of thin plates, of a whitish
 colour and extensible, which seems to consist of
 concrete gelatin.   2. The nervoue, pulpy, or med'-
 ullary,  formed of a soft substance, contained in
a  cellular sheath, and consisting  of albumen
united to a fatty  matter.  3.  The mvecular,  com-
posed of round filaments, of a grayish or reddish
 colour, and formed of fibrin. Chaussier has added
to these the albugineoua fibre, but it seems to
differ from the cellular fibre only in  greater con-
densation  of tbe molecules.  See Fibrous.
   A very small or ultimate fibre is called a Fibril,
Fibrilla.
   Fibre, Albugineous, see Albuginea.
   FIBRE LISSE, see  Muscular  fibre—/. Striet,
see Muscular fibre.
   FIBRES,  CONVERGING.   Nervous fibres,
whose office it is to  associate  different  portions 
FIBREUX               392                   FICUS
of the nervous centres with each other.  They
furm the Commiaaurea.
  Fibres, Diverg"ing.  The fibres composing the
columns of the medulla oblongata, which separate
in their progress to the periphery of the cerebrum
and cerebellum.—Gall and Spurzheim.
  Fibres of Remak.  Fibres described by Remak
as  peculiar to the sympathetic nerve, but which
Valentin considers to be neurilemma, and to con-
sist of fibro-cellular bundles.
  FIBREUX, Fibrous.
  FIBRIL, see Fibre.
  FtBRILLA, Fibril — f. Muscularis, Muscular
fibre.
   FI'BRILLAR, Fibrilla'rie. Relating or apper-
taining to fibrils.
   FIBRILLATION,  Fibrilla'tio.   The forma-
 tion of fibrils.
   FI'BRIN or Fib'rin,  Fibrine, Fibrlna, Fi- n
brlne, Fibra sailgninis, M^ate'ria flbro'aa, Lympha ||
plae'tica, Matilre fibreuae dueang. An immediate
animal principle — solid, white,  and inodorous;
insipid; heavier  than water; without action on
the vegetable blues; elastic,  when  moist;  hard
and brittle when dry.   It enters into the compo- |
sition of  the chyle and the blood, and forms the
chief part of the muscles of red-blooded animals.
 Muscular fibrin,  Syntonin, Musculin, has  been
 shown, however, to be different from that of the
blood.  In certain  diseased  actions, Fibrin or
 Coagulable lymph, gluten, is separated from the
 blood, and is found in considerable quantity on
 the surfaces of membranes, and in the cavities of
 the body.  See Liquor Sanguinis.
    Fibrin is  likewise  a proximate  principle of
 vegetables, and differs but little in chemical com-
 position  from animal fibrin;  nor  does it  differ
 much from albumen and  casein.
    Fihrin is very nutritious.
    FIBRINATION,  Fibrina'tio.   The  act of
 adding fibrin to the blood.  The  opposite to defi-^
 brination.
    FIB'RINOUS, Fibrino'eue,  (¥.) Fibrincux.
 That which is composed  of fibrin, or has the ap-
 pearance of fibrin.
    FIBRO.  In composition, appertaining or re-
 lating to fibrous tissue.
    FIBRO-AREOLAR, Fibro-cellular.
    FIBRO-BRONCHITIS. Fibrous or rheumatic
 inflammation of the bronchial tubes.
    FIBRO-CARTILAGE,  Fibro-cartila'go.  An
 organic  tissue, partaking  of the nature of the
 fibrous tissue, and  of that of cartilage.   It  is
 dense, resisting, elastic, firm, supple, and flexible.
 Fibro-cartilages are distinguished into.—1.  Mem-
 •braniform, or those which serve as moulds to cer-
 tain parts, as the alae nasi and eyelids.  2.  Vagi-
 niform,  or those which form  sheaths for the
 sliding of tendons.  3. Interarticular, those  which
 are  met with in the movable  articulations.  4.
  Uniting. (¥.) Fibro-cartilages d'union, which form
 a junction between two bones, as the symphysis
 pubis.   Fibro-cartilages are  sometimes formed
  adventitiously, as the result of a morbid process
  in different organs.
    Fibro-Cartilages, Tarsal, see  Tarsus.
    Fibuo-Cartilagines Intervertebrales, In-
 tervertebral cartilages.
    FIBRO-CELL'ULAR, Fibro-cellnla'ris, Fibro-
  are'olar, Fibro-areola rie.  That which partakes
  of the fibrous and  of the  cellular  tissue, as the
  fascia transversalis.
    Fibro-Cellular  Tumour,  Tumour,  fibro-cel-
  lular.
    FIBROMA, Tumour, fibrous.
    FIBRO-MUCOUS, Fibro-muco'eue, (¥.) Fibro-
  muqueux.  Possessing the nature of fibrous and
  of mucous  membranes.  A term applied  to
  fibrous membranes,  which are intimately united
| with other membranes  of a mucous nature, as
 the pituitary  membrane,  the. membrane  of the
: urethra, Ac.
   YlBRO-¥LASTlC,Fibro-plae'ticus, (F.) Fibro-
 plaetique, from fibra, ' fibre,' and irXaooui, ' I form.'
 An epithet for a morbid formation, constituted t<(
 the elements  of areolar  tissue transformed, in
 part, into fibre.—Lebert.
   Fibro-Plastic Tumour, Sarcoma.
   FIBRO-SEROUS,  Fibro-eero'eue, (¥.)  Fibro-
 aSrettx.   Possessing  the nature  of  fibrous  and
 serous membranes.  Membranes, composed  of a
 fibrous, and a serous sheet, intimately united:—
 as the Dura Muter, Pericardium,  Tunica albu-
 ginea teatie, Ac
    FIBROID, Fibrous, Tumour, fibrous.
    FI'BROUS, Fibro'eue, Fibroid, (¥.)  Fibreux.
 Composed of fibres.   Certain  membranes, as the
 dura mater, periosteum, ligamentous capsules  of
 the joints, Ac, are fibroue.   The fibrotta ayetem
 of Bichat includes the system of organs formed
 by the  albugineoue fibre of Chaussier.  It com-
 prises, particularly, the periosteum and perichon-
 drium : the articular capsules  and ligaments  ; the
 tendons;  the  dura  mater, pericardium,  tunica
 sclerotica, tunica  albuginea  testis,  outer mem-
 brane  of the  spleen, Ac  Under eimpfe fibrous
 tissuee,  Tela fibro'ea, certain writers  have  classed
 the white and yellow fibroue tiesuee, and areolar
 tissue.  Both  the  yellow  and the white may be
 detected in the areolar tissue.   The white  is said
 to^exist alone  in ligaments, tendons, fibrous mem-
 branes, aponeuroses, Ac.   The yellow, (¥.) Tissit
 jaune, exists separately in  the middle coat of the
 arteries, the chordae vocales, ligamentum  nuchas
 of quadrupeds,  Ac.   It differs from  the white in
 possessing a high degree  of elasticity, owing to
 the presence of a distinct principle, called by MM.
 Robin and Verdeil, Slasticine.
    Fibrous Growth, Tumour, fibrous — f. Matter
 of the Brain, see  Cerebrum — f.  Membranes, see
 Membranes, fibrous.
    FIB'ULA, (for Figibula [?] from figo, 'tofix,')
  Crurie  ra'diua, Canna 'minor, Oa per'one, Pero-
 ne'iim, Foc"ile minue, Sura, Arun'do minor, Fial-
 ula Cruris. Tib'ia min'ima, Oe tib'ia minne, Spell-
 bone, 'a  clasp.'  The eplinter bone of  the leg.
 (F.) PSronS.   The long, small  bone, situate at
 the outer part of the leg.  The superior or  tibial
 extremity of the fibula is rounded and forms the
 caput or head.  It is articulated with the  tibia.
  Its inferior or tarsal extremity  is broader  than
  the superior.   It is articulated with  the tibia and
  astragalus, and forms  tbe malleolue externna or
  outer  ankle  by means  of its coronoid process.
  The  body of the bone has three  faces, having
  more  or  less  prominent edges.  It is separated
  from the tibia by the interosseous  space, and is
  developed by  three points of  ossification ; one at
  the body, and one at each extremity. It prevents
 I the foot from  turning outwards.
 ;   FIBCLAD, see Fibular aspect.
    FIBULAR, Peroneal.
    Fibular Aspect.  An aspect  towards tbe side
  on which the fibula is situated.—Barclay,  Fib'-
  ulad is used  by the same writer adverbially, to
  signify 'towards the fibular aspect.'
    FIBULATIO, Infibulatio.
    FIC, Ficus.
    PICA IRE, Ranunculus ficaria.
    FTCARIA, Scrophularia aquatica—f. Commu-
  nis, Ranunculus ficaria—f. Ranunculoides, Ra-
  nunculus ficaria—f. Verna, Ranunculus ficaria.
    FICATIO. Ficus.
    FICICION, Phvsicinn.
    FICOSA EMINENTIA, Ficus.
    FICUS. Syce, Sy'cea,  Sycum, Syco'eie, Syco'-
 I ma, Fica'tio,  Fico'eue Tumor, Fico'aa eminen'tia,
  Matis'ca, (¥.) Fie.   A fleshy exen-scence, often 
FIDERIS                393             FILTRATION
 soft and reddish, sometimes hard and scirrhous,
 hanging  by  a peduncle,  or  formed  like a fi-^;
 occurring on the eyelids, chin, tongue, anus, or
 organs of generation.  The  fici seated on  the

 character1011    ^^ &™ generally of  a syphilitic
   Ficus, F. Carica.
   Ficus  Car'ica,  F. vulga'ria  seu  commn'nie.
 The systematic name of the fig tree ; (F.) Fiquier
 0,-d. Lrticaceae.  Carica, Ficue, Syce, ovkv, (¥ j
 tigue:  the fig — is a pleasant fruit  when ripe;
 as well as when dried in the state in  which  it is
 found in  the shops — Ficua, (Ph. U.S.)  It is
 used, at times, in place of a cataplasm; especially
 in gum-boils.
   Ficus  Communis, F. Carica —f. Indiae grana,
 Coccus  cacti — f. Indica, Musa paradisiaca. see
 Caoutchouc,  Carica papaya, and Lacca —f. Reli-
 giosa, see Lacca.
   FIDERIS, MINERAL WATERS OF.  These
 waters, in the Canton of the  Grisons, are strong,
 acidulous, and  alkaline, and  possess  all  the vir-
 tues of the class. .
   FIDGETS.  Of  doubtful  etymology.   Dya-
 phor'ia eimplex, D. nervo'ea, Erethia'mua simplex,
 Tituba'tio, Creepers, (Sc) Feyk, (¥.) FrStillement.
 General restlessness  and troublesome uneasiness
 of the nerves and  muscles, with increased sensi-
 bility, and inability of fixing the attention,  ac-
 companied with a perpetual  desire of changing
 the position.   See Agacement dee Nerfs.
   FIDICINALES,  Lumbricales manus.
   FIE, Psvchorages.
   FIEL, Bile—/,  de Boeuf Bile of the  ox—/.
■ de Terre, Fumaria.
   FIELDWEED,  Anthemis   cotula, Erigeron
 Philadelphicum.
   FIENTE,  Fimus.
   FIEVRE,  Fever—/.  d'AccSs,  Intermittent
 fever—/. Adynamique, Typhus—fi Algide, see
 Algidus—/. d'Amour, Fever,  erotic—/ Angeio-
 tenique, Synocha—/. Annuelle, see Annual Dis-
 eases—/. Ardent,  Ardent fever,  Synocha—/.
 Ataxique,  Typhus —/  de la  Barbade,  Fever,
 yellow—/. Bu/leuse, Pemphigus—/. dee Camps,
 Typhus gravior—/. Catarrhale, Catarrh—/.  Ca-
 tarrhale SpidSmique, Influenza—-fi CSrSbrale, Ce-
 rebral fever—/.  CSrSbrale dee Enfane, Hydroce-
 phalus internus—/.  CSrSbrospinal, Meningitis,
 cerebro-spinal—/.  CholSrique,  Choleric fever —
 /. de Consomption,  see Consumption —/. Conti-
 nente  inflammatoire,  Synocha—/.   DSlirante,
 Fever, delirious—/  Double,  Fever, double—/
 DoublSe, Fever, double —/. EntSro-meaentSrique,
 Typhoid  fever—/.   EphSmlre, Ephemera—/
 Etique,  Hectic  fever —/. Gostro-adynamique,
 Fever, yellow—-/. Ga8tro-hSpatique, Fever, yellow
  ■ - -- T J------••  J - --------- •--l-------j---7------'W-----
 —f. Hectique, Hectic fever—f. de Hongrie, Fever,
Hungaric—f. d'Hopital,  Typhus  gravior—•/. Ic-
tSrique, Fever, yellow—/. Inflammatoire, Synocha
—/. Intermittente, Intermittent fever—/. Inter-
mittente  paludSenne,  see Elodes —/. Irritative,
Synocha—•/. Jaune d'AmSrique, Fever,  yellow—
/. Laetee, Fever, milk—/, de Lait, Fever, milk—
/. Laiteuee,  Fever,  milk —/. LarrSe,  Fever,
masked—/. Lenticulaire,  Typhus  gravior—/. du
Levant,  Plague—/. dee Maraie,  Intermittent
fever—/. Maremmatique, see Elodes—/. Matelote,
Fever, yellow—/ MSningo-gastrique, Fever,  gas-
tric—/ MS8enterique, see Typhus—/, de la Moia-
son, Fever, gastric—/. Morbilleuae, Rubeola—/.
Nervenae, Typhus mitior—/. Noeocomiale, Typhus
gravior—/ OrtiSe, Urticaria—/. Oacitante,  Osci-
tant  fever—/.  PaludSenne, see Elodes—/ PSrio-
dique, Intermittent fever—/. PSripnetimonique,
Pneumonia—/. Pernicieuae dSlirante,  see Deli-
rious —/ PlcurStique, Pleurisy —/. dee Priaone,
Typhus gravior—^". Pneumonique, Pneumonia,—
   /. PourprSe,  Scarlatina—/. Puerperale,  Fevev,
   puerperal, see Peritonitis—/.  Quarte, Quartan__
   /.  Quotidienne, Quotidian —/.  d  Rechute,  see
   Relapse—/.  RSmittente,  Remittent  fever—/.
   Rhiunatismale, Rheumatism,  acute—/. Rouge,
   Roseolae,  Scarlatina—/. Sanguine,  Synocha—/.
   Scmitierce, Hemitritaea—/. de Siam, Fever, yel-
   low—/. Sttante, Sudor Picardicus—/. Syncopale,
   see Fever syncopal,  and Syncopal—/. Tierce,
   Tertian fever—/. Typhdide, see Typhus—/. YSei-
   culaire, Pemphigus.
    FlEVREUX, Feverish.
    FIG,  see  Ficus  carica — f.  Indian,  Cactus
   opuntia.
    FIGUE, see Ficus carica.
    FIGUIEII,  Ficus  carica—/.  d'Inde, Cactus
   opuntia.
    FIGURA VENOSA, Circulus venosus.
    FIGURATIO, Imagination.
    FIGURE, Countenance.
    FIGURE, (¥.)   An epithet for a compressive
   bandage,  applied over  the  head after  bleeding
   from  the  frontal vein.  It has also be«n  called
   bandage royal.
    FIGWORT, Scrophularia nodosa —f. Water,
   greater, Scrophularia aquatica.
    FILACEOUS, Filamentous.
    FILA NERVEA, Nerve-fibres—f. Spermatica,
   Spermatozoa.
    FILAIRE DE ME DINE, Dracunculus.
    FIL'AMENT, Filum, Filamen'tum, from filum,
   'a  thread.'   This  word  is  used  synonymously
   with fibril; thus,  we say, a nervoue or cellular
   filament or fibril.   Also, the glairy, thread-like
   substance which forms in the urine  in some dis-
   eases, and which depends  on a particular  secre-
  tion from the mucous membrane of the urinary
  passages.
    FILAMENTOUS, Filammto'sua.  Filaceous;
  threadlike; filiform.  Same etymon.   Containing
  threadlike substances, as the runica filamentoea
  or decidua: — Filamentous urine; urine contain-
  ing  threadlike substances.
    FILAMENTUM, Fraenum.
    FILARIA   GUINEENSIS,  Dracunculus —f.
  Hominis bronchialis, see Worms—f. Medinensis,
  Dracunculus—f. Oculi, see Worms.
    FILBERT, Corylus avellana.
    FILE, DENTAL, Lima dentaria.
 I   FILELLUM, Fraenum.
 |   FILET (DE LA LANGUE), Fraenum —/.  de
 :| la Verge, Fraenum  penis —/. OpSration  du, see
 i! Fraenum.
 |j   FILETUM, Fraenum linguae.
 jj   FILICULA, Polypodium filix mas—f. Dulcis,
 !; Polypodium vulgare.
 jj   FIL'IFORM, Filiform'ie, from filum, 'a thread,'
 , and Jorma, 'form.' Having the shape of a  thread;
 | as the "filiform papilla? of the  tongue;"  a "fili-
 J form pulse."   See Papillae.
 ;■   FILING, Limatio.
    FILIPENDULA, Spiraea filipendula.
    FILIUS ANTE PATREM, Tussilago.
 |   FILIX FCEMINEA, Pteris aquilina-f.  Flo-
 l nda, Osmunda regalis—f. Mas,  Polypodium  filix
 | mas—f. Non ramosa dentata. Polypodium filix mas
  —f. Nymphaea, Pteris aquilina—f. Pinnata, Poly-
  podium filix mas—f. Veneris, Adiantum pedatum.
    FILLE,  Girl.
 I   FILLET. Fascia,  Laqueus —f. of the  Corpus
 : Callosum, Gyrus fornicatus.
!|   FILLING.   A term employed in dentistry foi
 ■ the operation  of stuffing the  cavity of a  carious
 ! tooth with some indestructible substance,  to pre-
  vent the access of extraneous matters— Odonto-
 I plero'eie.   See Plugging.
 |   FILTRATION, Filtra'tio, Percola'tio, E'thi-
 ■ eie, Ethis'mus.   Same etymon as the next.  A 
FILTRUM
394
FISTULA
pharmaceutical operation, which consists in pass-
ing a fluid through  a filter or strainer,  for the
purpose of clarifying it.  In ancient  physiology,
it  meant the  action  by which the different  hu-
mours  of  the body are separated from the mass
of the blood.
  FILTRUM.   A filter.   (¥.)  Filtre; — from
feutre, 'felt or fulled  cloth,' which was used to
form it.   Any  porous material; .such as eand,
tome  kinds  of freeetane, powdered  charcoal,
pounded glass, flannel, unsized paper, Ac, through
which a fluid is passed for the purpose of sepa-
rating it from the matters suspended in it.
  FlLUM, Filament — f.  Musculare,  Muscular
fibre — f.  Taeniaforme, Taeniola.
  Filcm  Termina'le.   A slender ligament, pro-
longed from the nervous sheath, formed by the
tpinal  pia mater, which descends  through  the
centre  of  the  cauda equina,  and is  attached to
the dura mater, lining the canal of the coccyx.
  FIM'BRIA,  Parar'ma.   A band, a fringe; as
the fimbria or fimbriated or fringed extremity of
the F; i!  i.im tube.
  FIM'liRIiE  CARNOSA COLI, Appendiculae
pinguedinosae — f.  Tubarum  Fallopii, see Tube,
Fallopian.
  FIMBRIATED, see Fimbria.
  FIMUS, Bor'bortta,  Onthue,  Stercue.   (F.)
Fiente.  Dung, excrement.
  Fimus seu Stercus An'seris, Gooae-dung, was
applied as a poultice to the feet in malignant
fever.  See Chenocoprus.
  Fimus   Equi'nus,  Stercue  equi  non  caatra'ti.
Stone hgrae-dung was once thought antipruritic
   Fimus Yacce, Cow-dung, was employed as a
cataplasm, especially in gout.
 'FIXCKLE, Anethum.
  FINGER, Digitus —f. Middle, Medius digitus
—f. Ring,  Annular finger—f. Stall, Digitale.
  FINIS  ASPER.E  ARTERLE, Larynx.
  F/OLE, Phiala.
  FIPPLE. Lip, under.
  FIR, BALSAM, Pinus balsamea.
  Fir-Moss, Upright, Lycopodium selago.
  Fir, Scotch, Pinus sylvestris—f. Spruce, Nor-
way. Pinus abies.
  Fir Tree, Silver, European, Pinus picea.
  Fir, Yew-leaved, Pinus abies.
  FIRE  DAMP, Hydrogen, carburetted—f. Per-
sian, Anthracion—f.  St. Anthony's, Erysipelas.
  Fire Weed, Erechthites hieracifolia, Senecio.
  FIRING. Cauterization.
  FIRST INTENTION, see  Intention.
  FISHSKIN, Ichthyosis.
  FISH-TONGUE.  (F.) Langue de Carpe.  An
instrument—so called from its shape — used by
6oine dentists  for the removal of the dentes sa-
pientiae.
  FISS*ICULATIO, from fissiculare, 'to cut off,'
'open,' 'make  incisions.'   An old word for  an
opening made with a scalpel.
  FISSIPARITE, see Generation.
  FISSfPAROUS, see Generation.
  FISSURA,  Fissure —f.  Canalis Fallopii,  see
Aquaeductus Fallopii—f. Capillorum, Distrix__f.
Contrajacens, Contra-fissura—f. Cerebri longitu-
dinalis.  Fissure, longitudinal, of the Brain__f.
Interlobularis,  Interlobular  fissure — f.  Magna
vulvae, see Rima—f.  Palpebrarum, see Palpebra
—f. Pilaris, Trichismus.
  Kissu'ra Longitudina'lis, Ante'rior et Pos-
te'rior.   Two  vertical fissures  in the median
line, in front of, and  behind, the medulla oblon-
gata, which divide it superficially into two sym-
metrical lateral columns.
  Fissura Transversa Magna Cerebri, Fis-
sure, transverse, of the Brain.
  FISSURE, Fieeu'ra, Schiema, Scieeu'ra, Rhege,
Rhegma,   Rhegmue,  from findere,  flssum,  ' to
 cleave;' a long and narrow cleft or opening in a
 bone—Rhage, payn, Ceaama, Ktaoua,  (¥.) Fieaure,
 Fente.
   Fissure has various acceptations:  1. A frac-
 ture, Catag'iim fi8au'ra,  in which  the  bone  is
 cracked, not separated, as in fracture; 2. A nar-
 row, long, and superficial solution of continuity,
 around  the external  openings of  the mucous
 membranes.  A sort of chap—(F.) Gerc.ure—ob-
 served  on the hands, particularly on the callous
 hands,  of workmen, in certain mechanical era-
' ployments; 3. Small chapped ulcerations, some-
I times noticed  in  young children,  owing to the
 contact  of the faeces and  urine  with the fine,
 delicate skin of  the thighs,  nates, and  genital
 organs; 4. Clefts  of a more or less  deep  nature,
 occurring  on the genital organs in the vicinity
 of the  anus, in those labouring under syphilis.
 Tbeye are usually called rhagadee.  See Monster.
   Fissure of  Bichat, Fissure,  transverse, of
 the Brain—f. Capillary, see Pilatio.
   Fissure, Central.   The aggregate of the ca-
 vities or ventricles of the  brain.  Meckel consi-
 ders them but  one cavity, in tRe form  of a cross.
   Fissure of Glaser, Fissure,  glenoid — f. of
 Glaserius, F. Glenoid.
   Fissure, Glenoid, Fiaaure of Glaaer or Glnae'-
 riue, (¥.) Fiaaure ou Scisaure de  Glaaer, Fente
 gleno'idale ou FSlure de Glaeer, divides the  gle-
 noid cavity of  the temporal bone into two parts,
 and gives  passage to the chorda tympani. Ac.
   Fissure of  the Helix.   A small vertical fis-
 sure of  the helix  of the ear,  a little  above the
 tubercle for the attachment of the attrahens aurem
 muscle.
   Fissure, Infraorbitar,  Suborbitar fissure.
   Fissure, Longitu'dinal, of the Brain, Fie-
 eu'ra cer'ebri  longitudina'lie.   The  space which
 separates the two  hemispheres of the brain.
   Fissure, Orbitar,  see Orbitar fissure;—f. Or-
 bitar, inferior, Spheno-maxillary  fissure—f. Or-
 bitar, superior, Sphenoidal  fissure—f. Portal, see
 Liver.
   Fissure of Rolan'do.   A transverse fissure
 placed  between two superior  cerebral convolu-
 tions, which are  met with  above the fissure of
 Sylvius.
   Fissure, Semilu'nar.  A  notch  at the ante-
 rior edge  of the  cerebellum,  where it receives
 fibres which connect  it to the cerebellum  and
 mesocephalon.
   Fissure of Syl'vius, Fiaeu'ra seu Foaaa Mag-
 na Sylvii.  A deep, narrow  sulcus, which ascends
 obliquely backwards from the temporal ala of the
 sphenoid bone, near to the middle of the parietal
 bone, and which  parts the anterior and  middle
 lobes of the cerebrum on each side.
   Fissure of the Tragus.  A fissure  on the an-
 terior surface of the tragus  of the ear.
   Fissure, Transverse, of the Brain, Great
 transverse fieeure,  Fissure of Bichat, Fieeu'ra seu
 Rima tranever'ea  magna  cer'ebri.   A fissure,
 which passes beneath and behind the edge of the
 middle  lobe of the brain, and extends beneath
 the hemisphere of one side to the same point of
 the opposite side.
   FIST, Sax. pyre, miypn,  Pygme, Pugnue, (F.)
 Poing.   The clenched hand.
   FISTULA,  'a pipe or reed,' Syrinx, Syrin'ga,
 Anloe—when of a small size,  Aulis'coa.  A solu-
 tion of continuity, of greater or  less depth  and
 sinuosity;  the  opening of which is  narrow, and
 the disease kept up by an altered texture of parts,
 so  that it  is not disposed  to  heal.  A fistula is
 incomplete or blind, when it  has but one opening;
 and complete when there are  two, the one com-
 municating with  an internal cavity,  the other
 externally. It is  lined,  in  its whole course, by
 a membrane which seems  analogous to  mucous 
FISTULES STERCORAIRES  395
FLAX
membranes.  Incomplete fistula may be internal
or external.  Tho former are those which  open
internally; tbe latter those which open externally.
External incomplete fistula are kept up by caries
or necrosis of bones, by extraneous bodies in any
of the living textures, or by purulent  cavities,
the walls of which have not become united.  In-
ternal incomplete fistula  generally soon become
complete, since  the discharge that escapes from
them into  the cavities  into which they open has
a constant tendency to make its way outwardly,
and  soon occasions ulceration of the integuments.
Fistulas have received different names, according
to the discharge which they afford, and the organs
in which they are seated,—as lachnpntd, biliari/,
salivary,  synovial,  urinary — Fie'1 tula uri'na,
 U'rias.  The great object of treatment, in fistu-
lous sores, is to bring on an  altered condition of
the parietes of the canal, by astringent or stimu-
lating injections, caustics, the knife, pressure, Ac
Those which arc dependent on  diseased bone,
cartilage, tendon, Ac, do not heal until after the
exfoliation of the diseased part.   Fistulae of ex-
cretory ducts are produced  either by an injury
of the duct itself or by the  retention and accu-
mulation of the  fluids to which they have to give
passage.   Thus,  Fis'tula lacryma'lie,  Dacryo-
syr'inx,  Emphrag'ma  lacryma'le,  Hydrops sacci
lacryma'lie, Dropsy of the lachrymal aac,  com-
monly proceeds from the obliteration of the nasal
ducts, or from atony of the lachrymal sac; which
circumstances prevent the tears from passing into
the nostrils.
   Fistula in Ano, Archoeyr'inx, generally occurs
from some mechanical pressure or impediment.
The principal indication in the treatment of these
fistulae of the excretory canals being to put a stop
to the constant  discharge of the secretions, Ac,
through  the  preternatural channel, the fistulous
passage is at times laid  open, and a communica-
tion  established  with the natural excretory canal;
at others, strong pressure is employed to procure
its obliteration.
   Fistula Belliniana, Uriniferous tube—f. Ci-
balis,  Oesophagus—f.  Cruris,  Fibula—f.  Durae
matris. Sinus of the dura mater — f. Lacrymalis,
see Fistula—f. Mammae, Mastosyrinx—f. Nervo-
rum, Neurilemma — f.  Sacra, Medulla  spinalis,
Vertebral column — f.  Spiritualis, Trachea — f.
Urinaria, Urethra—f. Ureterum renum,  see Calix
— f.  Urinae, see  Fistula — f.  Ventriculi,  (Eso-
phagus.
   FISTULES  STERCORAIRES, see Sterco-
raceous.      •
   FISTULOUS, Fietulo'eue, Syring"ieua, Syrin-
go'dea, (¥.) Fiatuleux.  Relating to, or resembling,
a fistula;  as  'afiatuloua opening.'
  FIT, Pes.
   FIT-ROOT, Monotropa uniflora.
   FITS, NINE  DAY, Trismus naseentium.
   FIVE  FINGERS, Panax quinquefolium.
  FIXATIO MONONCEA, Melancholy.
  FIXED, Fixua, from figere,flxum, 'to fasten.'
A  body not capable of being volatilized  by fire is
said  to be fixed.  Thus, we say fixed oile, in con-
tradistinction to volatile oile.
  FIXEN,  MINERAL AVATERS OF.   This
spring is lour leagues from Waldsassen,  in Bava-
ria.   It contains carbonic acid, holding in solu-
tion  carbonates  of lime and  magnesia,  chlorides
of lime and magnesia, carbonate of soda and silica.
In Bavaria, it replaces the Seltzer  water.
  FIXI  DENTES.  The teeth  of the second
dentition.
  FLABELLATION, Flabclla'tio, from fiabet-
lore,  flabeUatum, (from  flabrum, 'a  blast of
wind,') 'to agitate the air.' An operation recom-
mended  by Ambrose  Pare, which consists  in
keeping fracturod  limbs cool,  as well as  the
dressings surrounding them, by the renewal of
the air around them, either by the use of a fan,
or the repeated change of position of the  parts
affected.
  FLABELLUM  ET VENTILABRUM COR-
DIS,  Pulmo.
  FLACCID'ITY, Flaccid'itae, from flaccidne,
' flabby,' ' soft.'  Softness of a part, so as to offer
little  resistance on pressure.
  FLAG, BLUE, Iris versicolor—f. Blue, slender,
Iris Virginica—f. Dwarf, Iris lacustris—f. Myrtle,
Acorus calamus—f. Root, Acorus calamus.
  FLAGELLATIO,  Mastigosis.
  FLAMBE, Iris Germanica—/.  Bdtard, Iris
pseudacorus.
  FLAMBOISE, Ignis sylvatieus.
  FLAME, VITAL, Vital principle.
  FLAMED, Inflamed.
  FLAMMA, Fleam—f. Cordis, Biolychnium—f.
Vitalis. Biolychnium.
  FLAMME, Fleam—/. Vitale, Vital principle.
  FLAMMETTE, Fleam.
  FLAMMON, Lachesis rhombeata.
  FLAMMULA, Fleam,  Ranunculus ficaria — f.
Cordis, Biolychnium—f. Jovis, Clematis recta —
f. Vitalis, Animal heat, Biolychnium, Vital prin-
ciple.
  FLANCS, Flanks.
  FLANKS, Ilia, Ilea, La'gonee, Lap'ara,  Ce-
neo'nea, (Prov.) Liete, (¥.) Fiance, Lea Ilea.  The
regions of the body which extend, on  the  sides,
from  the inferior margin of the chest to the crista
ilii.
  FLAP, (F.) Lambeau.   A portion of the soft
parts  of the body separated from those beneath,
but still attached by the base.   Hence there may
be 'flap wounds,' (F.) Plaiee d lambeaux, and
'flap  operations,'  (F.)  OpSrations  d  lambeaux.
When the flap  is taken from one part, and  ap-
plied  to another, in plastic operations, the opera-
tion is said to be  by migration of the flap, (¥.)
Migration  du Lambeau.   At  times, the  flap is
made to slide over the part to which it has to  ad-
here : — the operation  is them said to  be by  the
eliding of the flap, (¥.) Glissement  du Lambeau.
The  flap is also, at  times, rolled,  inverted, Ac,
(F.) Roulement ou  Invereion du Lambeau.
  Flap-dock, Digitalis.
  Flap Operation of Amputation, Amputation
d lambeaux.
  FLAT TOP, Vernonia Noveboracensis.
  FLATUARIUS, Alehymist.
  FLATUEUX, Windy.
  FLAT'ULENCE,  Flatttlen'tia, Flatne, Flatu-
oa'itaa,  Aeriflux'ua,  Pneumato'aia,  Pnevmatoaie
ventric'uli et enter'ica, Bdea'ma, Hyperpneus'tia,
Clydon,  Physa, Pol.yphy'eia,  Limo'8ia  Fla'tue,
Ereiix'ia, Bombite, Flutuoe'ity,  Wind, Wind'ineea,
Ventoa'ity,   Vapour,  (¥.)   VentoaitS, HatuoaitS,
Venta ; from flo, flatum, ' to blow.' Wind emitted
from,  or accumulated in, the digestive  tube  espe-
cially.
  FLATULENT, Windy.
  FLATULENTIA,  Flatulence.
  FLATUOSITE, Flatulence.
  FLATUOSITY, Flatulence.
  FLATUS, Crepitation, Flatulence—f. Furiosns,
Ambulo-flatulentus—f. Spinas,  Spina ventosa.
  FLAVEDO CORTICUM CITRI, see Citrus
medica.
  FLAVOUR, from (¥.)flairer, 'to smell.'  The '
quality of a sapid body, which is appreciated by
the  taste and smell  combined, and more espe-
cially  by the latter.   Some physiologists consider
that flavour is effected through the smell alone.
  FLAVUS,  Yellow.
  FLAX, COMMON, Linum usitatissimum — f.
Purging, Linum catharticum—f. Seed, see Linum 
FLEA                  896                FLEXOR
nsitatissimum — f. Seed tea, Infusum lini compo-
situm—f. Toad, Antirhinum linaria.
  FLEA, COMMON, Pulex irritans.
  FLEABANE, GREAT, Conyza  squarrosa—f.
Various-leaved,  Erigeron   heterophyllum — f.
Canada, Erigeron Canadense—f. Narrow-leaved,
Erigeron Philadelphicum — f. Philadelphia, Eri-
geron .Philadelphicum — f.   Skevish,  Erigeron
Philaderphicum.
  FLEAM,  Flamma,  Flam'mula,  Schaete'rion,
Fo88o'rium,  Phlebolomum.   A  surgical instru-
ment used for the operation of phlebotomy.  (F.)
Flamme, Flammette.  It  consists of a small me-
tallic box, containing a spear-pointed cutting in-
strument,  which, by means  of a spring, can  be
forced into the vein.   It is  much  used in  Ger-
many and some other European countries, and is
not unfrequently employed  in America-;  but is
Bcarcelv ever seen in France  or Great Britain.
  FLEAWORT, Plantago psyllium.
  FLECHISSEUR, Flexor—/. Court commun
dea  orteils,  Flexor brevis digitorum pedis —/.
Court du petit doigt, Flexor  parvus minimi digiti
—f. Court du petit orteil, Flexor brevis minimi di-
giti pedis—/. Profond  des doigts, Flexor profun-
dus perforans—-/. Sublime des doigts, Flexor sub-
limis perforatus—/. Superflciel dea doigta, Flexor
sublimis perforatus—-/.  Court dugros orteil, Flexor
brevis pollicis pedis—/. Grand commun dee orteils,
Flexor longus  digitorum pedis profundus perfo-
rans—/. Long  commun dee orlvile, Flexor longus
digitorum pedis profundus perforans—-/. Long du
aroe orteil, Flexor longus pollicis pedis—-/. Court
du pouce. Flexor brevis pollicis manfis.
  FLECK, Abrasion.
  FLECTENS PAR  LUMBORUM, Quadratus
lumborum.
  FLEGMEN, Flemen.
  FLEMEN,  Flegmen.   A tumour about the
ankles.  Also, a chap on the feet and hands.
  FLERECIN, Gout.
  FLESH, Caro, Sarx,  (¥.) Chair.  Every soft
part of an animal is so named; but more parti-
cularly the muscles, which  are called  muecular
fleeh.
  Flesh, Proud, Fungosity.
  FLESHY, Corpulent.
  FLETUS, Lacrymatio.
  FLEUR  DE  COUCOU, Primula veris—/.
Sainte- Catherine, Nigella—/. de Sainte-Jacqttea,
Thlaspi bursa—/. de Toua lee moie, Calendula
officinalis,
  FLEURS,  Flowers, Menses—/, de Benjoin,
Benjamin—■/. Blanchee,  Leucorrhoea—/. de  Mu8-
cade. Mace—/, de Sottfre, Sulphur sublimatum.
  FLEXIBILITY, Flexibil'itaa,  from  flectere,
flexum, ' to bend.'  Capability of being bent.  A
physical property  of  the tissues, which  varies
greatly according to the  structure.  The tendons
exhibit this property in a marked  manner.
  FLEXIO, Campsis,  Flexion.
   FLEX'ION, Flex'io,  Campe.  Same  etymon.
The state of being bent.  The action of a flexor
muscle.
  FLEXOR.   Same  etymon.   (F.) FlSchieeeur.
A muscle, whose office it is to bend certain parts.
   Flexor Brevis Digito'rum Pedis Pkrfora'-
TUS, F. Subli'mie seu brevie  seu digito'rum brevie
seu perforatus pedis, Perfora!tus seu flexor secun'di
interno'dii digito'rum  pedis, (¥.) CalcanSosoue-
phalangettien commun,— CalcanSo-sous-phalangi-
uien commun, — (Ch.),  Muscle  court flSchieseur
commun des orteils.   A muscle,  placed  at  the
middle of the  sole of the foot.   It is narrower
and thicker behind than before, where it is  di-
vided into four portions.  It arises from the pos-
terior part of the inferior surface of the os calcis,
and is  inserted  at  the  inferior surface  of  the
second phalanx  of the last  four toes.  It bends
the second phalanges of the toes on the first, and
the first on the metatarsal bones; in this manner
augmenting the concavity of  the  vault of tho
foot.
  Flexor Brevis Minimi Digiti, F. Parvus mi-
nimi digiti.
  Flexor Brevis Min'imi Dig"iti Pedis, Para'-
thenar minor, (¥.) Court JlSchisseiir du petit orteil,
Tarsosous-phalangien du  petit  orteil—(Ch.)  A
muscle, situate at the anterior and outer part of
the sole of the foot.  It arises from the posterior
extremity of the fifth metatarsal bone, and is in-
serted into the posterior part of the first phalanx
of the little toe, which it bends.
  Flexor Brevis Pol'licis  Manus, F. secun'di
interno'dii,  F. primi et  secun'di oasia pol'licis,
Thenar, (¥.) Court flSchiaeeur  du pouce, Carpo-
phalangien du pouce—(Ch.), Demi-interoaeeux du
pouce.  A muscle, situate  at the outer part of the
palm of the hand.  It is divided into two portions
by  the tendon of  the  Flexor longua pollicia.  It
arises from the os magnum, the anterior annular
ligament of the carpus and the third metacarpal
bone; and is inserted into the superior part of
the first phalanx  of the thumb, and into the two
ossa sesamoidea  at  the  articulation of the first
phalanx with the  first metacarpal bone.   Its use
is to bend the first phalanx of  the thumb on the
first  metacarpal  bone, and the latter upon the
trapezium.
   Flexor Brevis Pol'licis Psdis, F. brevie seu
hallucie seu  brevie pollicie, (¥.) Tarao-phalan-
gien  du pouce, Court,  flSchieseur du  gros orteil,
Taraosoue-phalangettien du premier orteil—(Ch.)
It is situate at the anterior and inner part of the
sole of the foot; is thin and narrow behind,  thick
and divided into  two  portions before.   It arises
from the inferior part of the os  calcis and the last
two cuneiform bones, and is inserted at the infe-
rior part of the base of the first  phalanx of the
great toe, and into the two sesamoid bones of the
corresponding metatarso-phalangian articulation.
It bends the first phalanx of the great toe on the
first metacarpal bone.
   Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris magnus—
f. Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital  (muscles)—f. Hallu-
cis, F. brevis  pollicis pedis—f. Hallucis longus,
F. longus pollieis pedis.
   Flexor Longus Digito'rum Pedis Profun-
dus PER'FORANS; Per'forane seu Flexor prof nn'-
due,  Perodactyle'ue,  Peronodactyliue, Perono-
dactylia'ue,  Peronedactylins,  Flexor  digito'rum
longne seu Perforane pedie, Perfomns  seu Flexor
tertii internodii digito'rum pedis ; (F.)  Tibio-pha-
langettien—(Ch.), Grand Ou long flSchiaeeur com-
mun dee orteila.  A muscle, situate at  the poste-
rior and deep-seated part of the leg. It is broader
at its middle than at its  extremities, the inferior
of which is divided into four portions.   It arises
from the posterior surface of  the  tibia, and its
tendons are attached to the posterior part of tbe
lower surface of the three phalanges  of the last
four toes.   It bcuds the three  phalanges on each
other, and  the toes on the metatarsus, and  ex-
tends the foot on the leg.
   The  Acceaeo'riue  Flexo'rie  Longi  Digito'rum
Pedie,  Caro  quadra'ta  Sylvii,  C.  accesso'ria,
Maeea car'nea Jaco'bi Sylvii, Planta'ris tenia,
(¥.)  Acceeeoire du long  flechisaeur commun  tha
orteils, CarrSe (Chair,) is a small muscle of tho
sole of the foot, which passes  obliquely from the
os calcis to the outer  edge of  the flexor longut-,
whose force it augments, and corrects its obliquity.
   Flexor  Longus  Pol'licis  Manus, F. longus
pollicie, F. tertii interno'dii seu longie'eimue pol-
licie ; (¥.) Radio-phalangettien du pouce,—(Ch.)
Situate at the anterior and profound  part of the
forearm.   It arises from the  upper three quarters
of the anterior surface of the radius and interog- 
FLEXURA
397
FLUELLEN
eeous ligament, and is inserted, by a tendon, into I
the anterior surface of the last phalanx of the
thumb.   It bends the second phalanx  of  the
thumb on the first; the first on the corresponding
metacarpal bone, and this upon the  radius.  It
can, also, bend the hand on the forearm.
  Flexor Longus Pol'licis Pedis, F. Hallucie
seu  Pollicie longua, (F.) PSronSo-phalangien du
groa orteil. Long flSchisaeur du groe orteil, PSronSo-
aoua-Phalangettien du pouce,—(Ch.)  It is situate
at the posterior and profound part of  the leg.  It
arises from the posterior surface of the fibula and
the  interosseous  ligament, and is inserted, by
means of a long tendon, into the inferior part of
the first  phalanx of the great toe.   It bends the
third phalanx on the first, and this upon the cor-
responding  metatarsal  bone.  It  augments the
concavity of the sole of the foot, and  extends the
foot on the leg.
   Flexor Parvus Min'imi  Dig"iti,  F.  brevis
minimi digiti manue, Abductor minimi digiti, Hy-
poth'enar Riola'ni seu minimi digiti,  (¥.) Carpo-
phalangien du petit doigt—(Ch.), Court flSchisaeur
du petit  doigt.   It arises from the anterior an-
nular ligament of the carpus and  tbe process of
the os unciforme, and is inserted at the inner side
of the superior extremity of  the first  phalanx of
the little finger.  It bends the first phalanx of the
little finger.
   Flexor Perforans, F. profundus  perforans— I
f. Perforatus,  F. ^sublimis perforatus — f. Primi
internodii, Opponens pollicis—f. Primi internodii
digitorum manfls,  Lumbricalis mantis—f. Primi
et secundi ossis pollicis,  F. brevis pollicis  manfls.
   Flexor Profun'dus  Per'forans, F. Profun-
dus seu Perforans seu ter'tii interno'dii digito'-
rum manue, Perforans manus; (¥.)  Cubito-phalan-
gettien commun — (Ch.),  FlSchisaeur profond dea
doigta.  A thick, flat, long muscle,  seated beneath
 the Flexor aublimieperforatus. Its upper extremity
 is simple, and arises from the anterior surface of the
 ulna and from the interosseus ligament. Its infe-
 rior extremity terminates by  four tendons, which,
 after having  passed through slits  in the sn6-
 limie, are inserted into the anterior surface of the
 last  phalanges of  the  four  fingers.  It  bends
 the third phalanges on the second, and, in other
 respects has the same use as  the flexor sublimis
 perforatus.
   Flexor Secundi Internodii Digitorum Pedis,
 F. brevis digitorum pedis—f.  Tertii internodii, F.
 longus pollicis manus—f. Tertii internodii digito-
 rum manfls, F. profundus perforans—f. Tertii in-
 ternodii digitorum  pedis, F.  longus  digitorum
 pedis profundus  perforans — f. Ossis  metacarpi
 pollicis,  Opponens pollicis — f. Perforatus pedis,
 F. brevis digitorum pedis—f. Sublimis, F. brevis
 digitorum pedis.
   Flexor Subli'mis Perfora'tus, F. Perfora'-
 tus, (¥.),FlSchieeeur sublime ou  superficial dea
 doigts, Epitroklo-phalangiitien commun, — (Ch.)
 It is a thick, flat, muscle, seated at  the anterior
 part of the forearm.  Its upper extremity, which
 is simple, arises from the internal condyle of the
 os humeri; — from the  coronoid  process of the
 ulna, and from the anterior edge of the radius.
 Its  lower extremity divides  into four  tendons,
 which slide under the anterior annular ligament
 oi the carpus, and are  inserted  into the second
 phalanges of the last four fingers, after having
 been slit to allow the tendons of  the flexor pro-
 fundus to pass through them.  This muscle bends
 the second  phalanges on the first; these on the
 carpal bones, and the hand on the forearm.
   FLEXURA,  Curvature—f. Iliaca,  Sigmoid
 flexure—f. Sigmoidea, Sigmoid flexure.
   FLICK, Epiploon.
   FLIXWEED, Sisymbrium sophia.
   FLOATING, Hacmorrhagia.
  FLOCCI, see Villous membranes—f. Volitantes,
see Metamorphopsia.
  FLOCCILATION, Carphologia.
  FLOCCILEGIUM, Carphologia.
  FLOCC1TATION, Carphologia.
  FLOCCORUM VENATIO, Carphologia.
  FLOCCULI, see Villous membranes.
  FLOCCULUS;  diminutive of floceua, ' a lock
of wool'—Pneumogaa'trie lob'ttle, Lob'ulus pneu-
mogae'tricue.   A long and slender  prominence,
extending from the side of the vallecula around
the corpus restiforme to  the  crus cerebelli, lying
behind the filaments of the pneumogastric nerves.
  FLOR DE MI STELA,  see Mistura.
  FLORENCE, CLIMATE OF.  This agreeablo
Italian city is by no means a favourable residence
for the phthisical invalid.   Sir James Clark af-
firms, indeed,  that he does  not know any  class
of invalids for whom Florence offers a favourable
residence.   It is subject to  sudden  vicissitudes
of temperature, and to cold, piercing winds du-
ring the winter and spring.
  FLORES BENZOES, Benjamin, flowers  of—
f. Boracis, Boracic acid  — f. Cosso,  see Hagenia
Abyssinica—f. Macidos,  see  Myristica moschata
f. Macis, Mace—f. Martiales, Ferrum ammoniatum
— f. Salis ammoniaci martiales, Ferrum ammo-
niatum.
  FLORIDA, CLIMATE OF,see Saint Augustine.
  Florida,  Waters of.  Near Long Lake, in
Florida, United States, which communicates with
St. John's River by a small creek, there is a vast
fountain of hot mineral water, issuing from a
bank of the river.  From its  odour it would seem
to be sulphureous.
  FLORION, Influenza..
  FLOS, Antho8.  A flower.  Also, the finest and
noblest part of the body, and virginity.
  Flos, Jovis, Crocus—f. Lactis, Cremor lactis—
f.  Salis, Soda, subcarbonate of—f.  Sanguineus
monardi, Tropaeolum majus — f. Trinitatis, Viola
tricolor—f. Virginitatis,  Hymen.
  FLOUR,  COLD, Pinoli.
   Flour, Patent, Jones's.  A farinaceous pre-
paration, which  is said  to consist of  wheat-flour,
with tartaric acid and carbonate of soda.
   Flour, Potato, see Solanum tuberosum.
   FLOWER DE LUCE, Iris Germanica.
   FLOWERS, Floree, (¥.) Fleure.   The ancient
chymists  gave this name to different solid and
volatile substances obtained  by sublimation. The
term is not yet entirely banished from chymical
and medical language,  as Flowere of Benjamin,
Flowers of Sulphur, Ac.
   Flowers, Menses.
   Flowers, Four Carmin'ative, Quat'uor floree
carminatlvi, were  chamomile,  dill, fever-few, and
melilot.
   Flowers, Four Cor'dial, Quat'uor flores cor-
dia'les, were formerly, borage, bugloss, roses, and
violets.
   FLUCTUATIO, Fluctuation—f. Aurium, Tin-
nitus aurium.
   FLUCTUATION, Flitdna'tio, from fluctnare,
fluctuatnm,  (fluctus,  'a wave,')  'to undulate.'
 Undula'tio, (¥.)  Ondulation.  The  undulation
of a fluid collected in  any  natural  or  artificial
cavity, which is felt by pressure or by percussion,
properly practised — peripheric fluctuation.  In
ascites, tbe fluctuation is felt by one of the hands
being applied to one side  of the abdomen whilst
the  other side is struck with  the other hand.  In
abscesses, fluctuation is  perceived by pressing on
the  tumour, with one or two fingers alternately,
on opposite points.
   Fluctuation, Peripheric, see Fluctuation—f.
Rhonchal, see^honchal— f. by Succussicn, see
Succussion.
   FLUELLEN, Antirhinum elatine. 
FLUELLIN             '  398                  FOETAL
   FLUELLIN, Veronica.
   FLUEURS, Meuses—/.  Blanchea,  Leucor-
 rhoea.
   FLUID, Flu'idua, from fluere, 'to flow.'  The
 human body is chiefly composed of fluids.   If
 one, weighing 120 pounds, be thoroughly dried
 in  an oven, the remains will be found not to
 weigh m,ore than 12 or 13 pounds; so  that the
 proportion of fluids  to liquids in the body is
 about 9 or 10 to 1.

    Table of  Fluids  of the Human Body.

 1.  Blood.
 2.  Lymph.
                'Transpiration  of  the  mucous,
                    serous, and synovial  mem-
                    branes; of the areolar mem-
    Exhaled or       b,rane > of *e adipous cells  ;
    Pereptratory. <    ofp^e medullary membrane;
                    of the interior of the thyroid
                    gland; of the thymus; supra-
                   renal  capsules; eye;  ear;
                    vertebral canal, Ac.
                ' Sebaceous humour of the skin  ;
                    cerumen; gum of  the eye;
                    mucus of the mucous glands
 4.  Follicular.   -i    and follicles;  that of  the
                    tonsils, of the  glands of the
                    cardia, the environs of the
                   anus, the prostate, Ac.
                 Tears; saliva; pancreatic fluid;
                    bile; cutaneous transpiration;
                    urine; fluid of the glands of
                    Cowper;  sperm;  milk;  of
                    the  testes  and mammae  of
                   the new-born child.
   Fluid,  Burnett's Disinfecting, see  Burnett
 — f.  Cephalo-rachidian,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid
 — f.  Cephalo-spinal,  Cephalo-spinal fluid — f.
 Cerebro-spinal, Cephalo-spinal fluid — f. Deodo-
 rizing, Ellerman's, see  Ellerman — f. Ledoyen's
 Disinfecting, see Ledoyen—f. of Scarpa, Vitrine
 auditive — f.  Subarachnoidean,  Cephalo-spinal
 fluid.
   FLUIDE SEMINAL, Sperm.
   FLUIDUM  NERVEUM,  Nervous fluid —f.
 Cerebro-spinale, Cephalo-spinal fluid.
   FLUKE, Distoma  hepaticum—f. Liver, Disto-
 ma hepaticum.
   FLUMEN DYSENTERICUM, Dysentery.
   FLUMMERY, (Scotch) Sowene. A preparation
 of oatmeal, which forms a light article of food
 during convalescence.   It may be made as fol-
 lows :—Take of oatmeal or groate, a quart.   Rub
 with two quarts of hot water, and let the mixture
 stand until it  becomes  sour; then add  another
 quart of hpt water, and strain through a hair sieve.
 Let it stand till a white sediment is deposited;
 decant, and wash  the sediment with cold water.
 Boil this with fresh water till it forms a mucilage,
 stirring the whole time.
  FLUOR, Flux—f.  Albus  Intestinorum, Coeliac
 flux—f. Albus  malignus, Gonorrhoea impura — f.
 Muliebris, Leucorrhoea —f. Muliebris non Galli-
 cus, Leucorrhoea — f. Sanguinis pulmonum. Hae-
 moptysis—f. Sanguinis vesicae, Cystorrhagia.
  FLUSH. Flushing, (¥.) Rottgeure, Bouffee de
 C/taleur;  from  (G.) Fliessen,  'to flow.'   The
 temporary redness and heat produced by accumu-
 lation of blood in tbe capillaries  of the face; as
 the sudden 'Jlush' or ' blush of emotion :' the flush
 of hectic'
  FLUX,  Fluxua, Proflu'vium, Fluor, fromfluere,
 'to flow.'   A discharge.  Rhyaie.  In  nosology,
it comprises a series of affection^ the principal
symptom of which is the discharge of  a fluid,
 Generally  it is employed for dysentery.
  Flux, Bil'ious, Fluxua bilio'aue.  A discharge
 of bile, either hy vomiting or by stool, or hy both,
 as in cholera.
   Flux, Bloody, Dysentery —/. de Bouche, Sa-
 livation —/. Bronchique, Bronchorrboea—/. Dy-
 aentSrique, Dysentery—f. Hemorrhoidal, see Hie-
 in orrhois—/. HSpatique, Hepatirrlm-a — f.  Men-
 strual, Menses—/.  Muqueux, Catarrh—/ Mu-
 queux de I'eatomac,  Gastrorrhoea—■/. Muqueux de
 la veseie,  Cystirrhoea—f. Root, Asclepias  tube-
 rosa—/. Salivaire, Salivation —/. de Sang, \\x-
 morrhagia,  Dysentery—f. Sebaceous, Stvurrha'st
 — /.  de Sperme, Spermatorrhoea—/. de Silent,
 Ephidrosis — f.  Weed,  Sysimbrium sophia—/.
 d'Urine, Diabetes—/. de  Ventre,  Diarrhoea.
   FLUXIO, Fluxion—f. Alba, Leucorrhoea — f.
 Arthritica, Gout—f. Vulvae,  Leucorrhoea.
   FLUX'ION,  Flttx'io, Afftux'ue.   A  flow  of
 blood  or other humour towards any organ with
 greater force than  natural.  A  determination.
 Thus  we  say,  in  those disposed  to apoplexy,
 there is a fluxion or determination of blood to
 the head.
   FL UXION CA TARRHALE, Catarrh—/, eur-
 lee Dente, Odontalgia.
   FLUXION  DE POITRINE, (¥.)  By this
 name, the French often understand  acute pulmo-
 nary catarrh, or pleuriey, but  most  commonly
 peripneumony.
   FLUXUS, Discharge—f. Alvinus, Diarrhoea—
 f. Capillorum, Alopecia—f. Chy4osus, Coeliac flux
 —f. Cceliacus, Coeliac flux—f. Coeliacus per Rcnes,
 Chyluria—f. Cruentus cum  tenesmo, Dysentery
 —f. Dysentericus,  Dysentery—f. Hepaticus, He-
 patirrhoea, see  Hepateros — f. Lientericus, Lien-
 tery— f. Lunaris, Menses — f. Matricis, Leucor-
 rhoea— f.  Menstrualis,  Menstruation—f. Men
 struus, Menses — f.  Muliebris,  Leucorrhoea—f
 Salivae, Salivation—f.  Sebaceous, Stearrhoea—f
 Splenicus, Malaena—f. Venereus, Gonorrhoea im-
 pura—f. Ventriculi, Gastrorrhoea.
   FLY-GOLDING, Coccinella septem punctata.
   FLY-POISON, Amianthum muscaetoxicum.
   FLYTRAP, Apocynum androsaemifolium, Sar-
 racenia.
   FOALFOOT, Tussilago.
   FOC'ILE.  The  name was formerly given to
 the bones of the leg, as well as to  those of the
 forearm.
   Focile  Majus, Tibia — f.  Inferius seu majus,
 Ulna—f. Minus, Fibula — f. Minus  seu superius,
 Radius.
   FOCUS  APOPLECTICUS, Apoplectic cell.
   FOiCUNDATIO, Fecundation.
   FffiCUNDITAS, Fecundity.
   FCECUNDUS. Fecund.
   FOEDI COLORES, Chlorosis.
   FCEMEN, Perinaeum.
   F03MINA, Female, Woman.
   F03MINESCENTIA, Feminescence.
   F03NICULUM, Anethum—f. Aquaticum, Phel-
 landrium aquaticum—f. Erraticum,  Peucedanum
 silaus —f.  Marinum, Crithmum maritimum—f.
 Officinale, Anethum—f. Porcinum,  Peucedanum
 —f. Vulgare, Anethum.
   FCENUGREEK, Trigonella foenum.
  F03NUM CAMELORUM, Juncus odoratus—
 f. Graecum, Trigonella foenum.
  FOZTAB'ULUM.  An encysted abscess.—Mar-
 cus Aurelius Severinus.
  ¥<ETAL, Fata'lie.  Relating to tbe foetus.  A
 name given to the parts connected with the foetus.
 Thus we say—the foetal eurface of the placenta,
 in contradistinction to  the  uterine  or maternal
 surface.
  Fcstal Circulation differs from  that  of the
adult in several respects.  Commencing with the
placenta, where it probably undergoes some change
analogous to what occurs in  the  lungs in extra- 
FQ3TATI0N               399      FOLLICULI  GRAAFIANI
uterine existence, the blood proceeds by the um-
bilical vein as far as the liver, where apart of it is
poured into the vena porta; the other proceeds into
the vena cava inferior; the latter, having received
the suphrahepatic veins, pours its blood into the
right auricle.  From  the right auricle, a part of
the blood is sent into the right ventricle; the rest
passes directly through into  the  left auricle, by
the  foramen  ovale.   When  the  right  ventricle
contracts, the blood is sent into  the pulmonary
artery; but as the function of respiration is not
going on, no more blood passes to the lungs than
is necessary  for their nutrition; the remainder
goes  directly through the  ductus arteriosus into
the aorta.  The blood, received by the left auricle
from the lungs, as well as  that which  passed
through the foramen  ovale,  is transmitted into
the left ventricle : by  the contraction of which it
is sent into the aorta, and  by means  of the um-
bilical arteries, which  arise from  the  hypogastric,
it is returned to the placenta.
   Fcetal Head.   The diameters of this at the
full period are as  follows :—1. The Biparietal or
 transverse, extending  from one parietal protube-
rance to  the  other, and measuring 3J inches.  2.
 The  Temporal,  from  one  temple to  another,  3
inches.  3. The Occipito-mental, from  the occiput
to the chin ; the greatest of all, 5 inches.  4. The
 Occipito-frontal  or antero-posterior, 4J  or 4i
inches.  5.  The Cervico-bregmatic, from the nape
 of the neck to the> centre  of the anterior fonta-
nels.  6. The Fronto-mental, from  the  forehead
to the chin, about 3£ inches. 7. The Trachelo-
 bregmatic, from the front of the neck to the ante-
rior fbntanelle, 3i inches.   8. The  Vertical dia-
meter, from the vertex to the base of the cranium.
   Fcetal Nutrition,  Cyotrophy.
   F03TATION, Pregnancy.
   FOETICIDE,  Faeticid'ium, from fcettte, and
cadere, 'to kill;' Aborticid'ium.   Criminal abor-
tion.
   FG3TIDUS, Fetid.
   FffiTOR, Dysodia.
   Fcetus,  Pregnant — f. in Foetu,  Cryptodidy-
 mus.
   F(Etus Septimes'tris. A seven months' foetus.
   Fcetus Zephyrius, Mole.
   FOIE, Liver—/. d'Antimoine, Oxidum stibii
 sulphuretum—/. de Sottfre, Potassae sulphuretum.
   FOIN DE CHAMEAU, Juncus odoratus.
   FOIROLE,  Mercurialis.
   FOLIA  APALACHINES,  see   Hex  Para-
 guensis—f. Peraguae, Ilex Paraguensis.
   FOLIACEUM  ORNAMENTUM,  see  Tuba
 Fallopiana.                            .
   FOLIE, Insanity—/. Alcoolique, Delirium tre-
 mens—/, dee Ivrognee,  Delirium tremens.
   FOLLETTE, Atriplex hortensis, Influenza.
   FOL'LICLE, Follic'ulue, Cyetie, diminutive of
Follia, a bag.   See Crypta.
   Follicles, Ciliary. Meibomius,  glands or—
f of De  Graaf, Folliculi Graafiani —f. Hair, see
  Fcetor Alarum.  The disagreeable rank odour
exhaled from tbe axillae.
  Fcetor Oris, Breath, offensive.
  F03TUS, Fetue, Cye'ma, Onua ventris, Sor'cina.
'The young of any creature.'   The unborn child.
(F.) FStua, Foix.  By xvnpa, Cye'ma, Hippocrates
meant  the  fecundated, but still imperfect, germ.
It corresponded with the term  embryo,  as  now
used ; whilst tufipvov,' embryo,' signified the foetus
at a more  advanced stage  of  the utero-gestation.
Tbe majority of anatomists apply to the germ the
name embryo,  which it retains until  the third
month of gestation, and with some until the pe-
riod of quickening; whilst fcettte is applied to it
in its latter stages.   The terms  are, however,
often  used  indiscriminately.  When the ovule
has been  fecundated in the ovarium, it proceeds
slowly towards, and enters the uterus, with which
it becomes ultimately connected by means of the
placenta.   When  first  seen, tbe  foetus  has  the
form of a gelatinous flake, which some have com-
pared to an  ant, a grain of barley, a worm curved
upon  itself, &c   The fcetal increment is very
rapid in the first, third, fourth, and sixth months
of its formation, and at the end of nine months
it has attained its  full dimensions — Enfant &
terme.  Generally, there is but one foetus in utero ;
sometimes,  there  are two;  rarely three.  The
foetus presents considerable difference in its shape,
weight, length, situation  in  the womb,  propor-
tion of its various parts to each other,  arrange-
ment and texture of its organs, state of its func-
tions  at different periods of gestation,  Ac.   AH
these differences are important in  an obstetrical
and medico-legal point of view.  The following
table exhibits the length and weight of the foetus
at different periods of gestation,  on the authority
of different observers.  Their discordance is stri-
king.  It is proper to remark,  that  the Paris
pound— Paid de Marc— of 16 ounces, contains
9216 Paris grains, whilst the avoirdupois contains,
only 8532,5 Paris grains, and that the Paris inch
is 1.065977 English inch.
Beck.	Maygrier.	Granville.
"Weight.		
2 ounces 2 to 3 " 4 to 5 " 9 to 10 " 1 to 2 lbs. 2 to 3 " 3 to 4 "	9 or 10 grains 5 drachms 2£ ounces 7 or 8 " 16 " 2 pounds 3 " 4 "	20 grains li ounces 1 pound 2 to 4 " 4 to 5 " j
Hair — f. of Lieberkiihn, see Intestine—f. Nail,
see Nail — f. Palpebral,  Meibomius, glands  of
— f.  Solitary,  Brunner's glands — f.  Synovial,
Bursae mucosae.
  FOLLICULAR, Follic'uloue, Follic'uloee, Fol.
liculo'eue, (¥.)  Folliculeux,  from 'follicle.'  Re-
lating or appertaining to a follicle,—as 'folliculax
inflammation,' inflammation  affecting  crypts  o%
follicles,  Folliculi tie.
  Follicular Elevations,  Tubercles, pearly.
  FOLLICULE, Crypta—/. Ciliaire, Meibomius,
gland of—/. CSrumineuae, Ceruminous glands —
fi Dentaire, Dental follicle—/. Palpebral, Meibo-
mius,  glands of.
  FOLLICULES DE GRAAF, Folliculi Graaf-
iani.
  FOLLICULI GRAAFIA'NI, F. Ova'rii, Ova
seu O'vula  Gmafia'na, Folliclee or Veeiclee of De
Graaf, Graafian or Ooa'riom vee'idee,  (¥.)  Fol-
Beck.	MAYGRD3R.	Granville.	Beck.
Length.			
3 to 5 lines 2 inches 31 5 to 6 " 7 to 9 " 9 to 12 " 12 to 11 " 16 "	10 to 12 lines 4 inches 6 " 8 " 10 " 12 " 14 " 16 "	1 inch 3 inches 9 inches 12 " 17 "	2 ounces 2 to 3 " 4 to 5 " 9 to 10 " 1 to 2 lbs. 2 to 3 " 3 to 4 "
Maygrier.
Granville. 
FOLLICULITIS            400                FORAMEN
iiculee  ou VSaiculee de  Graof.   Small spherical j
vesicles in the stroma of the ovary, which  have j
ut least two coats ;  the outer termed ovicapeule
atid tunic of the  ovisac,  tu'nica fibrosa and  theca
foliic'uli; the latter, o»i"»ac  and membra'na pro-
pria;   vSsicnle  ovuliflre  of M. Pouchet.  See
Membrana granulosa.   They exist in the foetus.
The ovum—ovule of some—is  contained in, and
formed by, them.
   Kdlliker terms the follicles themselves, O'vtsace,
Ovlaac'ci.  The  interior of the  follicles contains
a cl ar, light yellowish fluid—liquor foliic'uli—of
the density of the serum of the blood,  in which
are, almost  always, isolated granules, nuclei and
cells, which appear to be detached portions of the
membrana granulosa.
   Folliculi Ovarii, Folliculi Graafiani — f. Ro-
tundi et Oblongi cervicis uteri, Nabothi glandulae
—f. Sanguinis, Globules of the blood—f. Sebacei,
Sebaceous glands — f.  Sebacei  coronae glandis,
see Sebaceous glands.
   FOLLICULITIS, Follicular inflammation.
   FOLLICULOSE  GLAND, Crypta.
   FOLLICULUS, Vulva.
   Follic'ulus A'eris,  Air-chamber.  A space at
the larger end of the  bird's egg, formed by a se-
paration of the two layers of the shell membrane,
which is inservient to the respiration of the young
being.
   Folliculus Dentis,  Dental Follicle—f. Fellis,
Gall-bladder—f. Genitalis, Scrotum—f.  Mucosus,
see Crypta—f. Pili, see Hair.
   FOMENT, Fove're, (¥.) Etuver, Baasiner.  To
apply  a fomentation to a part.
   F'>MENTA'TION, Fomenta'tio, Fotus, Py'ria,
 Thermae'ma, Cliliae'ma, ^Eone'eia, Perfu'eio, Aa-
 per'aio, Fomen'tum, (qn&si fiovimentum,) from fio-
verc, ' to bathe.'  (F.)  HydrolS, Hydrolotif.  A
son of partial  bathing,  by the application  of
cloths which have been previously dipped in hot
 water, or  in  some medicated   decoction.  They
act, chiefly, by virtue of their  warmth and mois-
 ture, except in the ease of narcotic fomentations,
 where some additional  effect is  obtained.
   A dry fomentation, Fomen'tum eiceum, Lec'tulna
 medica'tua, is a  warm, dry application to a part;
 — as  a hot brick, wrapped in flannel; — a bag,
 half filled with  chamomile flowers made hot, Ac.
   Fomentation Herbs, Herba pro fotu.  The
 herbs, ordinarily sold under this title by the Eng-
 lish apothecary, are—eouthernwood, tope  of eea
 wormwood, chamomile flowers, each two parts; bay
 leaves, one part, ^fiijss of  these to Ovj of water.
   FOMENTUM, Fomentation — f.  Siccum, see
 Fomentation.
   FOMES MORBI,  F. mail  The focus or seat
 of any disease.   (F.)  Foyer.
   Fomes Ventriculi, Hypochondriasis, Spleen.
   FOM'ITES, plural of fomes, fomitis,  'fuel, any
 thing which retains heat.'  Enaua'ma,  Zop'yron.
 A term applied to substances which are supposed
 to retain contagious effluvia;  as woollen  goods,
 feathers, cotton, &c.
   FONCTION, Function.
   FONCTIONNEL, Functional.
   FOND, Fundus.
   FONDAMENTAL, Fundamental.
   FONDANT, Solvent.
   FONDEMENT, Anus.
   FONDLING, Idiot.            ,
   FONGIFORME, Fungoid.
   FONGOIDE, ¥angoid.
   FONGOSITE, Fungosity.
   FONGUEUX, Fungous.
   PONG US, Fungus—/. MSdullmire,  Encepha-
 loid.
  FONS, Fontanella — f. Lacrymarum, sec Can-
thus—f. Medicatus, Water, mineral—f.  Pulsans,
Fontanella — f. Pulsatilis, Fontanella—f. Saluta-
ris, Water, mineral — f Soterius, Water, mineral
—f. Vitalis,  Centrum vitale.
  FONSANGE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Fonsange is situated  near  Nismes in France.
The water is sulphuretted.
  FONTAINE DE LA  TETE, see Fontanella.
  FONTA'NA,  CANAL  OF.  A canal  of a tri-
angular  shape, at the inner side  of the  ciliary
circle; partly formed by the groove at the inner
edges of the cornea and sclerotica.
  FONTANEL'LA.  A  fontanel;—diminutive
of fione, fiontie, ' a  fountain.'   (F.)  Foutanelle.
Fone,  F. pulsat'ilie  seu pnleans,   Vertex pal-
pitane,  Bregma,  Fontic'ulue, Lacu'na,   Mould.
The opening of the head.  A name, given  to  a
space occupied by a cartilaginous membrane, in
the foetus and new-born child, and situate at the
union of the angles of the bones of the cranium.
There are six fontanels.   1.  The great or eincip'-
ital or anterior, fontic'ulue quadrangula'rie, Fon-
taine de la   Tete,  situate at the junction of the
sagittal  and coronal  sutures.   2.  The email or
bregmat'ic or poaterior, situate at the part where
the posterior and superior angles of the  parietal
bones unite with the upper part of the os occi-
pitis.  3. The  two ephenoidal,  in  the  temporal
fossae;  and, 4.  The two  maetoid, or of Casserius,
Fontic'uli mastdidee seu  Caaee'rii,  at the union
of the parietal, occipital,  and temporal bones.
   FONTE, Colliquation.
   FONTES, see Fons — f.  Medicati Plumbarii,
PlombiSres, mineral waters  of— f. Sulphurei ca-
lidi, Waters, mineral, sulphureous.
   FONTICULE A POIS, see  Fonticulus.
   FONTICULUS, Fontanella,  Exuto'rium, Ex'-
utory, Isette, (¥.) Fonticule,  Cautlre, Exutoire.
Diminutive of fone, fiontie, 'a fountain.'  A small
ulcer produced by art, either by the aid of caus-
tics or of cutting instruments; the discharge from
which is kept up with a view to  fulfil certain the-
rapeutical indications.  The Pea ieatte, (¥.)  Fon-
ticule d poie, Is kept up by means of a pea placed
in it.  This pea, (¥.) Poie & cautlre, is sometimes
formed  of  wax;  at  others, the young,  blasted
fruit of the orange is employed.   The common
 dried garden pea answers the purpose. The seton
 is also an issue.
   Fonticulus  Casserii,  see Fontanella—f.  Mas-
 toideus, see Fontanella — f. Quadrangularis, see
 Fontanella.
   FOOD, Aliment—f. Farinaceous, see  Farina-
 ceous—f. of the Gods, Asafcetida.
   Food, Prince op Wales's.  A farinaceous pre-
 paration, which is used in the same cases as ar-
 row-root, is said to consist entirely of  potato-
 flour.
   FOOL'S  STONES, MALE, Orchis mascula
   FOOT, Pes—f. Flat, see Kyllosis—f. Griffon's,
 Gryphius pes.
   FOOTLING CASE. A presentation of the foot
 or feet in parturition.
   FORA'MEN, Trema, from  foro, 'I  pierce.'
 Attloe, (¥.)  Trou.  Any  cavity, pierced through
 and through.  Also, the orifice  of a canal.
   Foramen Alveolare Anterius, see Palatine
 canals—f. Alveolare posterius, see Palatine canals
 — f. Amplum  pelvis,  Obturatorium foramen—f.
 Anonymum Ferreinii, see  Aquaeductus  Fallopii
 —f. Aquaeductus Fallopii, F. stylomastoideum —
 f. Auditorium  externum, see Auditory canal, ex-
 ternal— f.  Auditorium  internum, see Auditory
 canal, internal—f. of Bichat, see Canal, arachnoid
 —f. of Botal, see Botal foramen—f. Caecum ossis
 maxillaris superioris, see Palatine canals.
   Foramen Cecum  of  the  Medul'la  Oblon- 
FORATIO
401
FORMICA
BATA or of Vicq. d'Azyr ;  (Fr.) Trou borgne.  A
tolerably deep fossa at the point where tbe me-
dian furrow at the anterior  surface of the me-
dulla oblongata meets the pons.
  Foramen Cecum op the Tongue, see Caecum
foramen, and  Tongue —f. Carotid, see Carotica
foramina.
  Fora'men- Centra'le et Limbus Lu'teus Ret'-
in.u.  The central foramen and yellow spot of the
retina ;  discovered  by Sb'mmering; Mac'ula lil-
teu, flava seu au'rea, (¥.)  Tache  jaune.   It is
situate about two lines to the outside of the optic
nerve, and in the direction of the axis of the eye.
  Foramen Commune Anterius,  Vulva—f. Com-
mune post.'rius, see Anus—f. Condyloid, see Con-
dyloid—f. Conjugationis, see Conjugation—f. Eth-
moideum, Orbitar foramen, internal—f. Incisivum,
see Palatine canal —f. Infraorbitarium, see Sub-
orbitar  canal — f. Infrapubianum,  Obturatorium
foramen—f. Jugulare, Lacerum posterius foramen
— f. Lacerum in basi cranii, Lacerum  posterius
foramen —f. Lacerum inferius, Sphenomaxillary
li.-sure — f. Lacerum superius, Sphenoidal fissure
—f. Magnum, see Occipital bone—f. Mastoid, see
Mastoid foramen—f. Mental, see Mental foramen.
  FoiiA-tlEN OF Monro, Fora'men  Monroia'num.
An opening behind the anterior pillar of the for-
nix, somewhat above the anterior commissure,
by  which the third ventricle communicates with
the lateral ventricle; so called after  the  second
 Monro.
  Foramen of Morgagni,  see Caecum foramen
and Tongue—f. Obturatorium, Obturator foramen
— f. Oculi,  Pupil — f. GSsophageurn (of the dia-
phragm,) see (Esophagus, and (Esophageal  aper-
ture of  the diaphragm—f. Oodes, Ovale foramen
— f. Opticum, Optic foramen — f. Opticum  Cho-
rioideae, see Optic nerves — f. Orbitarium  inter-
num, Orbitar foramen, internal — f.  Orbitarium
superius,  Orbitar foramen,  superior,  F.  supra-
orbitarium—f. Ovale, Botal foramen,  Fenestra
ovalis, Obturatorium foramen, Ovale foramen—f.
 Ovale, patency of the, see Cyanopathy—f. Pala-
 tinum anterius, see Palatine canals—f. Palatinum
 posterius, see  Palatine canals — f.  Palato-maxil-
 lare, see Palatine canals—f. Rotundum, Fenestra
rotunda—f. Spheno-spinosum, Spinale foramen.—
f. Spinale, Spinal foramen—f. Spinosum, Spinal
 foramen-—f. Tarini, see Aquaeductus  Fallopii —
 f.  Thyroideum,  Obturatorium foramen — f.  of
 Winslow, Hiatus of Winslow.
   Foramina Cribrosa, see Cribratus.
   Foram'ina  Tiiebb'sii.  Openings  resembling
 vascular orifices, found below the  orifice  of tbe
 vena cava superior in the right auricle, which are
 supposed to be tbe openings  of veins.
   FORATIO, Trepanning.
   FORCE, from/orris, 'strong.'   Via, Poten'tia,
 Ettergla, Dy'namia,  Cratoe.  Any power which
 produces an action.   Those powers which are in-
 herent in organization are called vital forcee. We
 say, also, organic force,  and muscular force, to
 designate that of the organs in general, or of the
 muscles in particular.  To  the  latter  the word
 Dynamie, ivvapis, corresponds; and  the absence of
 this force is termed adyna'mia.   The vital forcee
have to be carefully studied by  the pathologist.
The doctrine  cf diseases is greatly  dependent on
their augmentation or diminution;  freedom or
oppression, &c.
  Force of Assimilation, Plastic force—f. Cata-
lytic, see  Catalysis—f. Cell, see Cell force—f. of
Formation, Plastic forco — f. Germ, Plastic force
-_/ MSdicatrice, Vis  medicatrix — f. Metabolic,
see Metabolic force—f. of Nutrition, Plastic force
—f. Osmotic, see  Osmotic force—f. of Vegetation,  ;
Plastic  force—f. Vital, Vis vitalis—/.  Vitale, Vis  .

^FORr'E-REAL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.!
      26
The  name  of  a mountain, situate four league*
from Perpignan in France.  The water is chaly-
beate.
  FORCEPS, quasi,/erriceps, from ferrum, 'iron,'
and  capio, 'I take.'  Pincers, Labia,  Volsella,
An  instrument, for removing bodies which  it
would be inconvenient or impracticable to  seize
with the fingers.  (F.) Pince, Pincette.  There
are various kinds  of forceps, 1.  The 'rdinary
kind, contained in every dressing-case, for re-
moving lint, &c. from wounds or ulcers. (F.) Pin-
ce d paii8eincnt ou d anneaux.  2.  Disaecting or
Lig'nture or Arte'rial Forcepe, (¥.)  Pince & die-
aection, P. d ligature, to lay hold of delicate parts.
3. Polypus Forcepe, Tooth Forcepe,  Forcepe  of
Museitx for laying  hold  of  tho tonsils or other
parts to be removed.   4., The Bullet  Forceps,
Strombulciie, (¥.)  Tirebalte.  5.  The  Lithot'omy
Forcepe, Litholabon,  Lithago'gttm,   Tenae'ula,
Voted'la,  which resembles the Craniotomy For-
cepe, (¥.) Tenettee.   6. The Cataract Forcepe, (¥.)
Pince d Cataracte, resembling the dissecting for-
ceps, but much finer.   7. The Pince d gaine, the
branches of which can be brought together, and
retained by a movable sheath..
   Forcepa is also an instrument used by obstetri-
cal practitioners to embrace  the head, and bring
it through the pelvis.  It consists of two branches,
blades or levers; one of which, in the case of tbe
short forceps, is passed over the ear of the child,
and  the other  opposite the former,  so  that the
blades may lock.  When the head is securely in-
cluded between  the blades, the operation of ex-
traction can be commenced.   See Parturition.
   Forceps, see Corpus callosum—f. Anterior, see
Corpus  callosum — f. Arterial, see Forceps — f.
Bullet, see Forceps—f. Craniotomy, see Forceps
— f.  Deceptoria, see Forceps — f. Lithotomy, see
Forceps—f. of Museux, see Forceps—f. Polypus,
see Forceps—f. Tooth,  see Forceps.
  FORD'S  BALSAM  OF  HOREHOUND, see
Balsam of horehound.
   FOREARM, Antibra'chium, Pygme, Para infe'-
rior  bra'chii, Cu'bitue, (¥.) Avant-bras.  The part
of the  upper extremity,  comprised between the
arm  and the hand.  It is composed of two bones
—radius and ulna—and 20 muscles.
   FOREFRONT, Front.
   FOREHEAD, Front.
   FORE-MILK, Colostrum.
   FOREIGN  BODY, Extraneous body.
   FORENSIC   ANATOMY, see Anatomy —f.
Medicine, Medicine, legal.
   FORES, Genital organs.
   FORESKIN, Prepuce.
   FORETOP, Front  •
   FORFEX, Cieeau, Scissors—f. Dentaria,  Den-
tagra.
   FORFICULA AURICULA'RIA, tfarun.?. An
insect  of the Order Orthoptera, which occasion-
ally  enters the meatus auditorius externus, and
excites  intense  pain.   It may be destroyed  by
tobacco-smoke, or by oil poured into the meatus.
   FORGES, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Forges
is situate  four  leagues from Gournay, in the de-
partment  of Seine Inferieure, France.  Thero
are  three  springs,  which are acidulous ch.ily-
beates.  These are called Royal, Reinttte, and Car-
dinal, in honor of Louis XIII., Queen Anne of
Austria, and Cardinal Richelieu, who used them.
   FORMATIVE, Plastic
   FORMI'CA,  Myrmex.  The ant or  pismire.
(F.)  Fourmi.  It contains an acid juice and gross
oil, which were formerly extolled as aphrodisiacs.
The  chrysalides of the  animal  are  said to  be
diuretic and carminative; and have been used in
dropsy.   2. Also the name of a black wart, ver-
ru'ca form ica'ria,  with a broad base and  cleft
surface; so called because the pain  attending it 
FORMICANT               402               FOSSETTE
resembles tbe biting of an ant, pvppnKia, myrme'-  j| or coronal bone, which supports the anterior lobe
    -Forestus.   3.  A varicose tumour on  the   of the brain.
eia.-—r/orestus.   3. a varicose tumour on
anus and glans penis.  4. Miliary herpes.
  Formica  Ambulatoria, Herpes circinatus —
f. Corrosiva, Herpes exedens.
  FORM'ICANT, Formi'cana, Myrme'cizon, from
formica, 'an  ant.'  (F.) Fmirmillant.   An  epi-
thet given to  the pulse,  Pulsus formi'cana, when
extremely  small,  scarcely perceptible,  unequal,
and communicating a sensation like that of the
motion of an  ant through a thin texture.
   FORMICA'TION,  Formica'tio,  Myrmecias'-
mua,  Myrmeclaeie, Myrmecia'mua,  Myrmeco'aia,
Stupor formi'cana.   Same etymon.  (F.) Four-
miUcment.   A pain, compared  with that which
would  be caused by a number of ants creeping
on a part.
   FORMIX,  Herpes esthiomenus.
  • FORMULA,  Prescription — f.  Extemporanea,
 see Magistral — f. Magistralis,  see Magistral —f.
 Medica, Prescription — f. Ofiicinalis,  see Magis-
 tral.
   FORM'ULARY,  Form ula'riurn,   Narthe'cia,
 Narthe'cium, Narthex.   From  formulariua,  (di-
 minutive of forma, 'form').  One  skilled in pre-
 paring writs  or forms of process.—Quintilian.   A
 collection of  medical formulae or receipts.
    FORMULE, Prescription.
    FORMYL,  PERCHLORIDE  OF.  Chloro-
 form.
    FORMYLE, IODURE DP, Iodoform.
    FORNIX, 'an arch  or vault.'   F. cer'ebri seu
  trilat'crue  seu  tricuepida'lie, Pealia,  Psalid'ium,
  Cam'era, Testildo cer'ebri, Arena medullilrie, (¥.)
  Triijone cSrSbral—(Ch.,) Vodte  d troia piliera,
  Triangle MSdullaire.  A medullary body in the
  brain, below the corpus callosum and  above the
-  middle ventricle, on the median line.   This  body,
  which is curved upon itself, terminates anteriorly
  by a prolongation, which constitutes  its anterior
  pillar, Crue seu  Colttm'tia forni'cie, (¥.) Filler
  antSrieur,  and  posteriorly by two similar prolon-
  gations, called poaterior pillara  or  crura.  See
  Achicolura, and Vault.
    Fornix Cerebri. Fornix.
    FORNPECKLES, Ephelides.
    FORPEX, Scissors.
    FORRET, Front.
    FORSTERA'NIA DIFFORM'TS, Echi'tee dif-
  form'ie seu puber'ula;  indigenous;  Ord.  Apo-
  cynaceae; is said to be used as a wash with milk
  to remove freckles.   The juice destroys warts.
    FORTIFIANT. Corroborant, Tonic.
    PORTRAITURE, Hysteralgia.
    FORTYKNOT, Achyranthes repens.
    FOSSA, Fo'vea,  from fodio, fossum, 'I dig.'
  Scamma.  A cavity of greater or less  depth, the
  entrance to  which is always larger than the base.
  The fossae of bones have been  called simple, when
  they  belong to one bone  only, as  the parietal
  fossa; and compound, (¥.) Foaaea  composSea,
  when  several  concur in their formation,  as the
  orbitar foeea, temporal foeea, &c.
     Fossa, Amyg'daloid, Amyg'daloid excava'tion.
  The  space  between the  anterior and posterior
  pillars of the fauces,  which is  occupied by the
  tonsils.
     Fossa  Amyn't.e.  A kind  of bandage, used in
  fractures  of the  nose; so called, by Galen, from
  Amyntas of Rhodes, its inventor.  It consisted
  of a long band, applied round the head, the turns
   of which crossed at. the root of the nose.
     Fossa  Canina, Canine fossa.
     Fossa Cerebel'li, (F.) Foaae cSrSbelleuee.  The
  inferior occipital fossa,  which lodges the  corre-
  sponding portion of the cerebellum.
     Fossa  Corona'lis,  Coro'nal or frontal foeea.
  A. depression  on the orbitar plate of the frontal
  Fossa Coronoi'dea, Cor'onoid foaaa.  A cavity
before  the inferior extremity of the humerus, in
which tbe coronoid process of the ulna is engaged
during tbe flexion of the forearm.
  Fossa Cotyloidea, see Cotyloid.
  Fossa, Digas'tric, Fossa digae'trica.  A deep
groove  on  the mastoid portion of the  temporal
bone, which gives origin to  the digastric mnscle.
  Fossa Ethmgida'lis, Ethmoid foeea.   A shal-
low  gutter on the upper surface of tbe cribri-
form plate  of the ethmoid bone,  in  which is
lodged the expanded portion of  the  olfactory
nerves.                             .
  Fossa Gf.nu, Popies.
  Fossa Guttura'lis, Gut'tural foeea.   The de-
pression which forms the guttural region  of the
base of the cranium, between  the foramen  mag-
num and posterior nares.
  Fossa Hyaloidea, see  Hyaloid  (Fossa) — f.
 Iliac,  se^  Iliac fossae—f.  Infra-orbitar, Canine
 fossa—f. Infra-spinous, see  Infra-spinata fossa.
   Fossa Innomina'ta.  The  space  between the
 helix and antihelix of the ear.
   Fossa, Ischio-rectal, Perineal fossa — f. Ju-
 gularis, Jugular fossa — f.  Lacrymalis,  Lachry-
 mal fossa—f.  Lenticularis, see Hyaloid membrane
 — f. Magna Muliebris, Vulva — f. Magna  Sylvii,
 Fissura Sylvii.
   Fossa, Mental, Fosaa menta'lia.  A small de-
 pression on each side  of the  symphysis on th«
 anterior surface of the body of the maxilla infe-
 rior, for the attachment of  muscles.
   Fossa Navicularis,  Navicular fossa.
   Fossa Occipita'lis,  Occip'ital  foaaa.   The
 occipital fossae are four in  number: the superior
 or cerebral, and the inferior or cerebelloue.  They
 are  separated by a groove,  which lodges the late-
 ral  sinus.
   Fossa Ovalis, see Ovalis fossa — f. Palatina,
 Palate—f. Patellaris, see Hyaloid membrane—f.
 Perinaei, Perineal fossa—f. Pituitaria, Sella Tur-
 cica.
   Fossa Poplite'a, Poplite'al foeea.  The hol-
 low of the  ham ;—the popliteal region.
   Fossa, Portal, see  Liver—f. Scaphoides, Na-
 vicularis fossa.
   Fossa Sigmoidea. Sulcue einue latera'lie.   A
 broad deep groove on  the inner surface of the
 mastoid portion  of  the temporal  bone,  which
 supports part of the lateral sinus.
   Fossa,  Suborbitar, Canine fossa.
   Fossa, Subpyram'ioal,  F. aubpyramida'lie.  A
 deep fossa under the pyramid and behind the fe-
 nestra rotunda in the middle  ear, remarkable for
 its  constancy, and pierced  by  several foramina  at
 the bottom.
   Fossa Supra-sphenoidalis, Pituitaria fossa—
 f.   of  Sylvius,  Fissure of  S. — f. Temporalis,
 Temporal  fossa—f.  Transversa,  see Liver — f.
 Umbilicalis,  see Liver.
    FosSjE Cerebra'les, Cer'ebral fossa.   Fossae
 or  excavations at the base of  the cranium. They
 are nine  in  number:  three  occupy the  median
 line, and three are placed  at each side. They are
  distinguished into anterior, middle, and ptsierior.
     Fosses Digitales, see Impression.
     FOSSE  BASIL AIRE,  Basilary  fossa—/.
  Soii8-Spineu8e, Infra-spinata  fossa—/. Sue-Spi-
  neuse, Fossa supra-spinata.
     FOSSES CONDYLOIDIENNES, Condylo-
  idea foramina—f. Naeales, OuverturespoetSrieuree
  dee, Nares, posterior.
     FOSSETTE (F).  Diminutive of fossa.  Scro-
  bic'iilue,  Both'rion.   Several  depressions are  so
  called.  A dimpled chin, Foeeette du menton, con-
  sists in a slight depression, which certain persona
  have on the chin.  2. A dimple of the cheek, (F.) 
FOSSETTE               403                FR^JNUM
Fossette dee jouee, a depression which  occurs  on |
the cheeks  of certain  persons when they laugh.
Scrobic'ulue  cordie, Anticar'dion, Prac'or'dium,
(F.) Foaaette du coeur.  The depression observed
on a level with the xiphoid cartilage at the ante-
rior and inferior part of the chest.  It is, also,
called pit of the etomach, (¥.) Creux de I'eatomac.
  FOSSE! TE,  Fof'sula,  A'tudue, Bothrium, is
also a small ulcer of tha transparent cornea, the
centre of which is deep.
   FOSSETTE ANGULAIRE  DU  QUATRI-
 EME VENTRICULE, Calamus seriptorius —/.
 du Coeur, Scrobiculus cordis.
   FOSSORIUM, Fleam.
   FOSSULA, Argema, Fossa,  Foaaette, Fovea.
   FOTHERGILL'S PILLS, see Piluke aloes et
 colocynthidis.
   FOTUS, Fomentation—f. Communis, Decoctum
 papaveris.
   FOU, Insane.
   FOUETS, Sempervivum tectorum.
   FOUGERE  DOUCE,  Polypodium—/. Fe-
 melle, Asplenium filix  foemina, Pteris aquilina—
 /. Grande, Pteris aquilina—/.  Male, Polypodium
 filix mas.
   FOUL DISEASE, Syphilis.
   FOU LURE, Sprain.
   FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, Brephotropheum.
   FOURCHE, (¥.), fiourchS, 'cleft;' from furca,
 •*a  fork.'   Apoete'ma  Phalan'gum.   A  Freuch
 provincial term for small abscesses which form on
 the fingers and hands of working people.  Also,
 an  instrument, invented  by M. J.  L. Petit, for
 compressing the ranine artery in cases of hemor-
 rhage from that vessel.
   FOURCHETTE', diminutive  of  fiourche,
 Furcilla,  a little  fork,  Fur'cula.  A  surgical
 instrument used for raising and supporting  the
 tongue, during  the operation of dividing  the
 fraenum.
   Fourchette, in  anatomy,  is, 1. The  posterior
 commissure of the labia majora, called also, Fra-
 num, Fra'nulum puden'di, Fitr'cula Labio'rum;
 2. The  cartilagb  ensiformis:  so called  from its
 being  sometimes  cleft like a fork.  Also,  the
 semilunar  notch at the  superior or clavicular
 extremity of the sternum.
   FOURMI, Formica.
   FOURMILLANT, Formicant
   FO URMILLEMENT,  Formication.
   FOUSEL OIL, see Oil,  fusel.
   FO'VEA,—diminutive,  Fove'ola,—from fodio,
 1 dig.' [?]  Bothroe.  A slight depression.  Foe'-
 tula.  The pudendum muliebre; see Vulva.  The
 fossa nanicularie.  A vapour-bath for the lower
 extremities.
   Fovea  Axillaris,  Axilla — f. Elliptica,  see
 Crista Vestibuli — f.  Hemisphaerica, see Crista
 Vestibuli —f.  Lacrymalis, Lachrymal fossa — f.
 Oculi,  Orbit — f. Ovalis,  Ovalis fossa —f. Semi-
 elliptiea, see Crista Vestibuli—f. Sulciformis, see
 Crista Vestibuli.
   FOVEOLA, Fovea.
   FOWER, Syncope.
   FOXBERRY, Arbutus  uva ursi.
   FOXGLOVE, Digitalis.
   FO YER, Fomes morbi.
   FRACTIONNEMENT, Segmentation.
   FRACTURA,  Fracture —f. Dentis,  Odonto-
 cljLsis
   FRACTURE, Fraetu'ra, from frangere, frac-
 tum, 'to break,' 'bruise.'   Catag'ma, C. Fraetu'ra,
 Catax'ie,  Clasis,  Olasma, Agme, Agma,  Diar'-
 rhaqe.  A solution of continuity in  a bone,  Oe-
 teoc'laaie.  A simple fracture is when  the bone
■ only is  divided.  A compound fracture  is a divi-
 sion of the bone with a wound  of the integuments
 Communicating with the bone,—the bone, indeed,
generally protruding.  In a com'minuted fracture,
Alphite' don, aXiptrniov,  Carye' don Catag'ma,
Kapvnoov Karaypa, the bone is broken into several
pieces; and in a complicated fracture there is, in
addition to  the injury done to the bone, a lesion
of some considerable vessel, nervous trunk, <fcc.
Fractures are also termed transverse, oblique, &c,
according to their direction.  The  treatment of
fractures consists, in general, in reducing the
fragments  when  displaced;  maintaining  them
when reduced; preventing the symptoms which
may be likely to arise;  and combating  them
when  they occur.  The reduction of fractures
must be effected by extension, counter-exten.-iou,
and coaptation.  The parts are kept in apposition
by position, rest, and an appropriate apparatus.
The position must vary according to the kind of
fracture.  Commonly, the fractured limb is placed
on a horizontal or slightly inclined plane,  in a
state of extension; or rather in a middle state
between  extension and  flexion, according to the
case.
   Fracture, Camerated, Camerosis—/. en Rave,
Raphanedon.
   Fracture of  the RADiug,  Barton's, Bar-
ton'e fracture.  A term  applied  to  a fracture of
the  lower  extremity of the radius, which com-
mences at  the  articular surface,  and extends up-
wards  for  an  inch or more, to terminate on the
dorsal aspect.   Owing to the extensor  muscles
drawing up the  separated portion  of  the bone,
and with it the carpus, a deformity results, which
has been confounded with simple dislocation.  In
consequence of the fracture having  been well de-
scribed by Dr. John  Rhea Barton, of Philadel-
phia, it is often called after him.
   FRACTURES PAR  RESONNANCE, see
Contrafissurac.
   FR.ENA MORGAGNII, F. of the Valve of
Bauhin.
   Frjsna op the Valve of. Bauhin, (F.) Freine
de la valvule de Bauhin. A name given by Mor-
gagni  to the projecting lines formed by the junc-
tion of the extremities of the two lips of the ileo-
coecal  valve.   They are also  called Fraud' and
Retinac'ula Morgagn'ii.
   FRENULUM, see Fraenum,  Bride—f. Clito-
ridis, Fraenum clitoridis—f. Epiglottidis, Glosso-
epiglottic  ligament—f.  Labiorum, Fourchette—f.
Novum, Taenia semicircularis—f. Pudendi, Four-
chette.
   Frenulum  Veli Medulla'ris Anterio'ris
A narrow slip, given off by the commissure of the
encephalic testes, which strengthens the junction
of the testes with the valve of Vieussens.
   FRiENUM,  Fre'num, (¥.) Frein, 'a  bridle.'
Fra'nulum, Filellum,  Filamen'tum.   'A  small
bridle.' A bridle. Names given to several mem-
branous folds, which bridle and retain  certain
organs.
   Fraenum Cli'tor'idis, Fra'nulum  Clitor'idie,
 (¥.) Frein du Clitoris.   A  slight duplicature
formed by the union of the internal portions of
the upper  extremity of  the nymphae.
   Fraenum Epiglottidis, Glosso-epiglottie  liga-
 ment—f. Glandis, F. Penis.
   Fr.enum Labio'rum,  (F.) Frein  dee llvree.
 There are two of these;  one for the upper, the
 other  for the lower lip.  They  unite these parts
to the maxillary bone, and are formed  by the
 mucous  membrane  of  the mouth.   Also, the
Fourchette.
   FrjBNUm Linguae, Fra'nulum seu  Vin'cnlum
Lingua, Gloesodes'mita, File'tum, (¥.)  Filet on
Frein  de  la  langue, is a triangular reflection,
formed by the mucous  membrane of the  mouth,
and situate between  the inferior paries of that
cavity and the  inferior surface  of the tongue. 
FRAGARIA               404               FRAXINUS
When the fraenum extends as far as  the  extre-
mity of the tongue, it cramps its movements, in-
terferes with sucking,  Ac.   This inconvenience
is remedied by carefully snipping it with  a pair
of scissors.  The French call this I'opSration du
filet.
   Fraenum Penis, F. seu Fra'nulum seu F/n'cw-
lum Prapu'tii, F. Glandie, Cynodee'mion, Cyno-
dee'mue, Vin'culitm Caul num, (¥.) Filet ou Frein
de la verge, is a membranous reflection  which
fixes the prepuce to the lower  part  of the  glans.
When  too short, it prevents the prepuce from
sliding over the glans.
   Fracnum Prasputii,  F. Penis.
   FRAGA'RIA, from firagro,  ' I  smell sweetly.'
The Strawberry,  Fraga'ria  vesca  seu vulga'ria
seu eemperfiorene,  Chama'batoe,  (¥.) Fraiaier.
Ord. Rosaceae. The fruit is agreeable  and  whole-
some, and the roots have been used as tonic and
slightly  diuretic.   The fruit is the  Fragrum,
Konapov, of the ancients; (F.) Fraiee.
   Frag aria Anserina, Potentilla  anserina — f.
Pentaphyllum, Potentilla reptans—f. Tormentilla
officinalis, Tormentilla.
   Fraga'ria   Virginia'na,   Wild Strawberry.
An indigenous plant, which has astringent  leaves.
   FRAGILE  VITREUM, Fragilitas ossium.
   FRAGIL'ITAS, Ruptibil'itaa, from frango,  'I
break.'  Fragility,  Brittleness.   The state  of
being easily broken or torn.
   Fragil'itas  Os'sium,  Osteopsathyrosis,  Pa-
roa'tia frag"ilia, Briltlencaa of the bones, Fria-
bility  of the bonee, Frag"ile  vit'reum.  Patholo-
gists have given this name to the extreme facility
with which bones break in certain diseases of the
osseous texture.  It is owing to a deficiency of
the animal matter.
   FRAGMENT, Fragmeilturn, Fragmen, Ramen'-
tum,  from frangere,  fractum, 'to  break.'  The
French use this term  for the two  portions of a
fractured bone ; thus, they speak of the euperior
and the inferior fragment.
   Fragments, Prec"ious.   A name formerly
given, in Pharmacy,  to the  garnet,  hyacinth,
emer%ld, sapphire and topaz.  The Arabs  falsely
attributed  to  them cordial  and  alixiterial  pro-
perties.
   FRAG ON, Ruscus.
   FRAGUM,  see Fragaria.
   FRAISE, see Fragaria.
   FRAISIER, Fragaria.
   FRAMBGS'SIA, Frambe'sia, Lepra fungif era,
from framboiee,  (F.)  'A raspberry.'  Syph'ilis
In'dica, Anthra'cia ru'bula, Thymio'sis, Th. seu
Lues In'dica,  Variola Amboinen'eie, Lepra fun-
gif'era,  Scroph'ula  Molucca'na.  The  Yaws,
Epian, Pian.   A disease of the Antilles and  of
Africa, characterized by tumours, of a  contagious
character,  which resemble  strawberries, rasp-
berries,  or champignons; ulcerate, and are ac-
companied by emaciation,  The Pian, for so the
Indians caU it, differs  somewhat in America and
Africa.
   Pian  of Amer'ica,  Frambo?'sia America'na,
Anthra'cia  Bu'bula  Americana,  occurs  under
similar circumstances  with  the next, and seems
to be  transmitted by  copulation.   The tumours
have a similar form, and are  greater  in propor-
tion to their  paucity.  In some  cases they are
mixed with ulcers.
   Pian of Guin'ea, Frambce'eia Guineen'eie, An-
thra'cia Ru'bula Guineen'eie, is common amongst
the negroes, especially in childhood  and  youth.
It begins by small spots, which appear on diffe-
rent parts, and especially on the organs of gene-
ration and around the  anus;  these spots disap-
pear, and  are transformed into  an   eschar, to
which an excrescence succeeds, that grows  slowly,
and has the shape above described.
  The  treatment  is nearly the  same in the two
varieties.  The tumours  will yield  to  mercurial
friction, when small.  When large, they must be
destroyed by caustic  In both cases, mercury
must be given to prevent a recurrence.
  An  endemio disease resembling yaws was ob-
served in the Feejee Islands by tbe medical offi-
cers of the United States' Exploring Expedition.
It is called by the natives Dthoke.
  Frambcssia Illyrica, Scherlievo—f. Scotica,
Sibbens.
  FRAMBOISE, Rubus idseus.
  FRANCOLIN,  Attagen,
  FRANCES SYNO VIALES, Synovial glands.
  FRANGIPANE.  An article of food, prepared
by evaporating to dryness, in a water-batb, milk
mixed  with almonds and sugar.
  FRANGULA ALNUS, Rhamnus frangula.
  FRANKINCENSE,  COMMON,   see  Pinus
abies — f. African Daniellia thurifera—f.  Tree,
Daniellia thurifera—f. True, Juniperus  lycia,
  FRANZENSBAD,  FRANZBAD, or  FRANZ-
ENSBRUNN, MINERAL WATERS OF.   A
celebrated  water at  Eger, in  Bohemia, which
contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of iron,
and carbonic acid gas.   The springs  are called
Franzensbrunnen.
  FRAP PER, Percuss.
  FRASERA, Calumba, American—f. Carolinen-
sis, see Calumba—f. Officinalis, see  Calumba—f.
Verticillata, Calumba American — f. Walteri, seo
Calumba.
  FRATER  UTERINUS, see-Uterinus frater.
  FRATERNITAS, Adelphixia.
  FRATRATIO,  Adelphixia.
  FRAXINELLA  DICTAMNUS, Dictamnus
albus—f. White, Dictamnus ■albus.
  FRAXINUS AMERICA'NA, White  Ash; and
  Fraxinus  Quadrangula'ta, Blue Ash, indi-
genous ; Ord. Oleaceae;  have  bitter and astrin-
gent barks, and have been used as antiperiodics.
  Fraxinus  Apetala, F. excelsior—f.  Aurea, F.
excelsior—f.  Crispa, F. excelsior—f. Excelsa, F.
excelsior.
  Frax'inus Excel'sior.  The systematic name
of the Aah tree,  Frax'inus Ornue seu  Fraxinus
sylvee'trie,  F. apet'ala seu au'rea seu  crispa seu
excel8a seu pen'dula seu verruco'ea, Bume'lia seu
Macedon'ica   Fraxinue,   Bume'lia,  (¥.)  Freite.
The fresh bark has  a moderately strong, bitterish
taste.   It has been  said to possess resolvent and
diuretic qualities, and has been given in  inter-
mittents, and in gout  and rheumatism,  and as an
antidote to  serpent  bites.  Tbe  seeds, called
Birde' tongue,  Lingua avie, Ornithogloe'ea, have
been  exhibited as  diuretics, in the dose of a
drachm.   Its sap has  been  extolled  against
deafness.
  Fraxinus  Florifera, F. ornus—f. Macedo-
nia, F. excelsior.
  Fraxinus   Ornus,  F.  me'lia sen panicula'ta
sen florifera, Ornue mannif'era seu rotundifo'lia.
The systematic name  of  the tree whence manna
flows.  This substance is  also called  Manna Cala-
bri'na, Roe'  Calabri'nue,  Aerom'eli, Droeom'eli,
Dryeom'eli, Mel ae'rium,  Succue orni  concre'tue.
In Sicily, not only the Fraxinue Ornue, but also
the F. rotundifolia and F. exceleior are regularly
cultivated for the purpose of procuring manna,
which is their condensed juice.   In  the Ph. U. S.
it is assigned to Ornue Europaa. Manna is in-
odorous, sweetish, with  a very slight  degree of
bitterness; in friable  flakes, of a whitish or pale
yellow colour; opake, and soluble  in  water and
alcohol.  It  is laxative, and is used  as  a pur-
gative for  children, who  take  it readily on  ac-
count of its sweetness.  More generally it is em-
ployed as an adjunot to other purgatives.   Dose,
§ss to Jij.  Its  immediate  principle  is called 
/
FRATEUR NOCTURNE     405
FRIGORIFIC
Haimite or Mannin. This has been recommended
by Magendie as a substitute for manna.   Dose,
gij, for children.
  Fraxinus Paniculata, F. Ornus—f. Quadran-
gulata, see  F.  Americana —f.  Rotundifolia, F.
ornus.
  FRAYEUR  NOCTURNE, Panophobia.
  FRECKENS, Ephelides.
  FRECKLED, see Ephelides.
  FRECKLES, Ephelides.
  FREEMAN'S BATHING SPIRITS, see Li-
niinentum saponis compositum.
  FREIN,  Fraenum—/. du Clitoris,  Fraenum
clitondis—/. de la Langne, Fraenum lingua;—/.
dee Llvres,  Fraenum labiorum—/.  de  la  Verge,
Fraenum penis.
  FREINS DE LA VA L VULE DE BA UHIN,
Fraena of  the valve of Bauhin.
  FREINWALDE, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
These springs are in Brandenburg, twelve leagues
from Berlin.  They contain  chloride of sodium,
sulphate of magnesia, chloride of magnesium, sul-
phate of lime, carbonates of lime  and magnesia,
iron, Ac,  and are used in asthenic diseases.
  FREMISSEMENT, Shuddering.
  FRfiMISSEMENT  CAT AIRE (¥.),  'Cat's
purr.'  Purring Tremor.  Laennec has given this
name to the agitation which is sensible  to the
hand, when applied on  the praecordial region,
and which he considers a sign  of ossification or
other contraction of the auriculo-ventricular open-
ings.  The name was  chosen by him  from the
analogy of the  sound to the  purring of  a cat.
  FREMITUS^Bruieeement, FrSmissement, Shud-
dering.
  The Pec'toral or Vocal  Frem'itus, Pectoral
 Vibra'tion,  Tactile vibration, is an obscure dif-
fused resonance of the voice, which is  felt when
the hand is applied to the chest.
  A pric'tion  frem'itus is perceptible  to the
hands in many cases of pleurisy, when the  sur-
faces  of the pleura have become roughened from
deposition; as  well as in rare  cases of pericar-
ditis.
  FRENA, see Alveolus.
  FRENCH  CRUST,  Syphilis —f. Distemper,
Syphilis—f. Nut, Juglans regia—f. Pox, Syphilis.
  FRENE,  Fraxinus  excelsior—/.  Epineux,
Xanthoxylum clava Herculis.—/. Sauvage, Sorbus
acuparia.
  FRENGA, see Scherlievo.
  FRENULUM, see Fraenum.
  FRENUM, Fraenum.
  FRET,  Chafing, Herpes.
  FRETILLEMENT, Fidgets.
 ' FRETTING, Tormina.
  FRICATIO.  Friction.
  FRTCATORIUM, Liniment.
  FRICE,  Fricum,  Frico'ninm.    A  medicine
which the ancients employed under the form of
friction.   They distinguish the Price eiccum and
F. malle.—Gaubius.
  FRICONIUM, Frice.
  FRICTA, Colophonia.
  FRICTIO. Friction—f. Humida, see Friction
^f. Sicca, see Friction.
  FRICTION,  Fric'tio,  Frica'tio, Anat'ribe,
Anatrip'eie, Trypsis,  Chirap'sia,  from firicare,
frictum, ' to rub.'  The action of rubbing  a part
of the surface of the body more or  less forcibly,
with tbe hands, a brush, flannel, Ac, constituting
Xerotrib'ia, Xerotrip'sie,  Fric'tio eicca  or dry
friction; or with ointments, liniments, tinctures,
Ac, constituting moiet friction,  Fric'tio hu'mida.
It is a useful means for exciting the action  of the
•kin.                          .        „   ,
  Friction Fremitus, see Fremitus —f. Sound,
Bruit de frottement.
  FRICTRIX, Tribas,
  FRICTUM, Liniment.
  FRICtlM, Frice.
  FRTGEFACIENTIA, Refrigerants.
  FRIGID, Frig"idua,  (¥.) Froid; from frigee*,
'to be cold.'   Cold. . Not  easily moved to sexual
desire ; Imbellia ad ven'erem.   Impotent.
  FRTGIDARIUM, Bath, cold.
  FRIGID'ITY, Frigid'itae.  Same etymon.  A
sensation of cold.  Also, impotence, and sterility.
Frigidity of the etomach is a state  of debility of
that  organ, imputed  to excessive  venery, — the
Anorex'ia exhanato'rum of Sauvages.
  FRIGIDUS. Frigid.
  FRIGORIF'IC,  from frigue, 'cold,' and fio,
'I become.'  That which  has the  power  of pro-
ducing cold.  The best Frigorific  Mixtures are
the following.  Their effects  are  owing to the
rapid absorption of heat when solids pass into
the liquid state.

      Frigorific  Mixtures with Snow.
          Mixluree.
Snow,  or pounded  ice, two
  parts by weight;
Chloride of Sodium.....
Snow or pounded ice......... 5. ]
Chloride of Sodium........... 2. j
Mur. of Ammonia.......
rol

l.J
I:}
Snow or pounded ice.........24,
Chloride of Sodium......... 10.1
Muriate of Ammonia.......,. 5. J
Nitrate of Potash.............. 5.1
Snow or pounded ice.........12. j
Chloride  of Sodium........... 5.1
Nitrate of Ammonia.......... 5. J
Dilut. Sulph. Acid............. 2.1
Snow.............................. 3. J
Concentr. Mur. Acid .........' 5. )
Snow.............................. 8. J
Concentr. Nitrous Acid...... 4.1
Snow.............................. 7. J
Chloride of Calcium.......... 5. )
Snow.............................. 4. J
Crystall. Chloride of Calcium 3. )
Snow.............................. 2. J
Fused Potash................... 4.1
Snow.............................. 3. j
 Therm, falle.

      to—5°


     to—12°

2 -I
     to—18°
  to—25°
from+32°
  to—23°
from+32°
  to—27°
from+32°
  to—30°
from-t-32°
  to—40°
from+320
 to —50°
from+32°
  to—51°
  Frigorific Mixtures  may also  be  made by the
rapid solution of salts, without the use of snow or
ice.  The salts must be finely powdered and dry.

    Frigorific Mixtures without Snow.
          M^ixtii res.
Mur. of Ammonia.............. 5.
Nitrate of Potash................ 5.
Water...............................16.
Mur. of Ammonia ............... 5.1
Nitrate of Potash................. 5. !
Sulphate of Soda................ 8. j
Water...............................16. J
Nitrate of Ammonia............ 1.)
Water............................... 1. j
Nitrate of Ammonia.....
Carbonate of Soda........
Water............................... 1.
Sulphate of Soda................. 3. )
Dilut. Nitrous Acid............... 2. j
Sulphate of Soda................. 6.1
Mur. of Ammonia ............... 4. |
Nitrate of Potash................. 2. j
Dilut. Nitrous Acid.............. 4.
Sulphate of Soda..........
Nitrate of Ammonia............ 5
Dilut. Nitrous Acid........„.... 4,
Phosphate of Soda............... 9. )
Dilut. Nitrous Acid.............. 4. J
i. j
!:}
:}
Therm, falls.

  from+500
    to—10°

  from+50a
    to—10°

  from+50°
    to— 4°

  from+500
    to— 7°

  from+50°
    to— 3°

  from+50o
    to—10°

  from+50o
    to—14°

  from f 50°
    to—12« 
FRIGUS                 406             FRUMENTUM
          Mixtures.               Therm, falls.
Phosphate of Soda...............  9. "1     from+500
Nitrate of Ammonia............  6. V      *0__21°
Dilut. Nitrous Acid...............  4. J
Sulphate of Soda.................  8. 1     from+50°
Muriatic Acid.....................  5. j       to    0°
Sulphate of Soda.................' 5.1     from+50o
Dilut. Sulphuric Acid............  4. J       to— 3°

  FRIGUS, Cold—f. Tenue, see Rigor.
  FRINGE TREE,  Chionanthus Virginica.
  FRISSON, Rigor.
  PRISSONNEMENT, Horripilation.
  FROGLEAF, Braseuia Hydropeltis.
  FROG TONGUE, Ranula.
  FROGS'  SPAWN, Sperma ranarum.
  FROID, Cold, Frigid—/. Glacial, Ice cold.
  FROISSEMENT (¥.), 'Rubbing, bruising.'
  FROISSEMENT PULMONAIRE,  Bruit  de
 froieeement  pulmonaire,  Pulmonary crumpling
 sound.   A  name given by M. Fournet to a respi-
 ratory sound, which  communicates to the ear the
 sensation of the rubbing (firoiaaement) of a tex-
 ture compressed against a hard body.  It is  by
 no  means well  defined.
  FRdLEMEMT,  (¥.)  'Grazing  or  touching
 lightly.'
   FROLEMENT PERICARDIQUE, Bruit de
 frdlement  pSricardique.   Rustling  noise of the
 pericardium.   A sound resembling that  produced
 by the crumpling of a  piece of parchment or of
 thick silken stuff, accompanying the systole and
 diastole of the heart.  It indicates roughness of
 the pericardium induced by disease.
   FROM AGE, Cheese.
   FROMENT, Triticum.
   FRONCEMENT, Corrugation.
   FRONCLE, Furunculus.
   FRONDE,  Funda.
   FRONT,  Frone,  Meto'pon, Forehead,  Fore-
 front, Fore-top, Brow, (Sc) Forret.  That part
 of the visage,  which extends from one  temple to
 the other,  and  is comprised in a vertical direction,
 between the roots of the hair and the superciliary
 ridges.
   FRONTAL, Fronta'lie.  From frone, frontie,
 ' the front.'  Relating or belonging  to the front.
 This name has been given to several parts.  Win-
 slow, Sdmmering, and others, call the anterior
 part of the occipito-frontals —the frontal muscle
 or froiita'lia,Mu8culo'aa Frontie Cutem movens eub-
 stau'tia Par (Vesalius).
    Frontal Artery, Arte'ria eupra-orbita'lie, is
 given  off by  the ophthalmic, which is  itself a
 branch of the  internal carotid.  It makes its exit
 from the skull at the upper part of the base of the
 orbit, and ascends the forehead between the bone
 and the orbicularis palpebrarum;  dividing into
 three or  four branches, which are distributed tp
 the neighbouring muscles.
    Frontal Bone, Oefrontie seu corona'le seu in-
 verecuildum seu puppie seu ayncip'itie  seu prora
  seu ratio'nia, Meto'pon. A double bone in the foe-
  tus, single in  the adult, situate at the base of .the
  cranium,  and  at the superior part of the face.  It
  forms the vault of the orbit;  lodges tbe ethmoid
  bone in a notch at its middle part; and is articu-
  lated,  .besides, with the sphenoid,  parietal,  and
  nasal bones, the ossa unguis, superior maxillary,
  and malar bones.
    Frontal Furrow  extends upwards from the
  frontal spine, and becomes gradually larger in its
  course, to lodge the  upper part  of the superior
  longitudinal sinus, and to give attachment to the
 falx cerebri.
    Frontal Nerve, PalpSbro-frontal—(Ch.), is
 the greatest of the three branches of the ophthal-
 mic  nerve, — the first division of  the 5th pair.
It proceeds along the superior paries of the orbit,
and divides into two branches : — the one, inter-
nal, which makes its exit from the  orbitar fossa,
passing beneath the pulley of the oblique muscle:
—the other, external, issuing from  the  same ca-
vity by the foramen orbitarium superius.
  Frontal Protu'berance, F. tuberosity, Tuber
fronta'le,  Suggrun'dium eupercilio''rum.  The pro-
tuberance  of the frontal bone  above  the super-
ciliary arch.
  Frontal Si'nuses, Fronta'les Sinus, Metopan'-
tra,  Prosopaii'tra, Sinus Supercilia'ree seu pitui-
ta'rii frontie, Cavern'a frontie, are two deep cavi-
ties  in  the substance  of the frontal  bone, sepa-
rated from  each  other by a median septum, and
opening, below, into the anterior cells of the eth-
moid bone.
   Frontal Spine, Crieta inter'na, is situate in
the middle of  the under part of the bone, and is
formed by the  coalescence of the inner tables for
the attachment of the falx cerebri.
   Surgeons have given the name Fron'ta'lis to
a bandage or topical application to  the  forehead.
 Such  have, also, been called  rpoptromtoia  and
 avairoXXnpara.
   Frontal Tuberosity, Frontal protuberance.
   FRONTA'LE, from frone, 'the  forehead.'  A
 medicine applied to the forehead.
   FRONTALIS ET  OCCIPITALIS,  Occipito-
 frontalis.
   Frontalis Verus, Corrugator supercilii.
   FRONTODYMIA, see Ceph'alodymia.
   FRONTO- ETHMOID  FORAMEN,  Caecum
 foramen—/. Naeal, Pyramidalis nasi—/. Sour-
 cilier,  Corrugator supercilii. •
   FROSTBITE, Congelation.
   FROSTPLANT, Helianthemum  Canadense.
   FROSTWEED, Erigeron Philadelphicum, He.
 lianthemum Canadense.
   FROSTWORT, Helianthemum Canadense.
   FROTH'Y,  from Gr. aippos, ' froth.'  [?]  Spu-
 mo'eue, (¥.) Spumeux, Ecumeux, Mouseeux.  An
 epithet given to the  faeces or sputa, when mixed
 with air.
   FROTTEMENT,'see Bruit de frottement
   FROTTEMENT GLOBULAIRE.  A name
 given  by M. Simonnet, to the pulse  in aortic re-
 gurgitation, when it is  jerking;  and,  in  well
 marked  cases, appears as if the blood consisted
 of several little masses, which passed in succes-
 sion under the finger applied to the artery.
   FRUCTIFICATIO, Fecundation.
   FRUCTUS HOR-ffil, Fruit, (summer)—f. Im-
 maturus, Abortion.
   FRUGIV'OROUS,  Frugiv'ortta, from frngee,
  'fruits,'  and voro, 'I eat.'  One that eats fruits.
   FRUIT, Fructue,  from fruor, frnctue,.'to  en-
  joy.'  Carpoe.  In botany, the seed with its en-
  closing pericarp.  In a medical sense it may be
  defined to be:—that part of a plant which is taken
  as food.   The effects  of fruits on  the  body, in a
  medical  as well as a dietetical point  of view, aro
  various^  They may be distinguished into classes:
  for, whilst the Cerealia, for example, afford fruits,
  which are highly nutritious ;  the  Summer Fruits
  (Fructue Hora'i,)  which  include strawberries,
  cherries, currents,  mulberries,  raspberries, figs,
  grapes,  Ac, are refrigerant  and grateful,  but
  afford little nourishment.
    FRUIT-SUGAR, Glucose.
    FRUMENT,  Fru'menty, Fur'menty, from firu-
  mentum,  'wheat'or  ' grain,' quasi fi-ugimentum ;
  from frngee,  'fruit.'  Pottage  made  of wheat.
  Food  made of wheat boiled in milk.
    FRUMEN'TUM.  Same etymon.  Sitae.  Any
  kind  of  grain from which bread was made;-^-
  especially wheat.
    Frumentum,  Triticum—f. Corniculatum, Ergot 
FRUSTRATOIRE           407              FUMIGATION
 —f. Comutum, Ergot —f. Luxurians, Ergot —f.
 Te'A1l,.1rrn„t!im' ErS°t—f- Turgidum, Ergot.
   FRUSTRATOIRE,  (¥.)° Any  liq°uor, taken
 a short time after eating, for the purpose of as-
 sisting digestion when  difficult.  Sugared water,
 eau eucrSe, or water with the  addition of a little
 brandy, or some aromatic substance, is commonly
 used for this purpose.
   FItUTEX BACCIFER BRAZILIENSIS, Caa-
 ghivuyo—f. Indicus spinosus,  Cara schulli.
   FUCUS, F. vesiculosus,  Paint.
   Fucus  A.myla'ceus, Jaffna, Ed'ible or Ceylon
 Moee,^ Ploea'ria can'dida, Gracila'ria seu  Spha-
 rococ'cus  seu  Gigartlna seu Fucus lichenoi'des,
 Marine Moss.  This  moss  belongs to the natural
 order Algae.  It was  introduced  some years ago
 into England,  from  India,  It is white,  filiform
 and fibrous, and has the usual  odour of sea-weeds.
 Its  medical properties are similar to those of
 Irish moss.
   Fucus, Bladder, F. vesiculosus.
   Fucus  Crispus, F. Ir'hindicus, Lichen  Car'ra-
 geen, Chondrue (Ph. U. S.), Ch. crispua seu pol.y-
 mor'plute, Spharococ'cua  crispus,   Ulva  crisjia,
 Irish Pearl, Car'rageen or  Cor'rigeen moss, (¥.)
 Mousse d' Irlande ou perlSe.   This Fueus is found
 on the coasts of England, Ireland, Western France,
 Spain, and  Portugal, and  as  far as the  tropics.
 It is also a native of the United States.   In Ire-
 land, it is used by the  poor as an article of diet.
 As  met with in America, it is of a  light yellow
 colour, and resembles plates of horn, crisped and
 translucent.  An agreeable jelly is obtained from
 it by boiling it in water or milk, which  forms a
 good article of diet in consumptive cases.  Its
 properties are  indeed exactly  like those of the
 Iceland Moss.
   Fucus  Helminthocorton,  Corallina  Corsica-
 na— f. Inflatus, F. vesiculosus — f. Irlandicus,
 Fucus  crispus—f. Lichenoides, F. amylaceus—f.
 Saccharine,  Rhodomela palmata.
   Fucus Yesiculo'sus, Fucua, F. infla'tua, Hal-
 idrya vesiculosa, Quercus Mari'na,  Bladder Fu-
 cua, Sea Oak, Sea Wrack, Yellow liladder  Wrack,
 (F.) Varec vSeiculeux, Chene marin.  It has been
 said to be a useful assistant to sea-water, in the
 cure of disorders of the glands.  When the wrack,
 in fruit,  is dried, cleaned, exposed  to a red-heat
 in a crucible with a perforated lid, and is reduced
 to powder, it forms the JE'thiopa vegetab'ilia —
 the  Pulvis Quercua Marina of the Dublin Phar-
 macopoeia—which is used, like the burnt sponge,
 in bronchocele  and  other  scrofulous swellings.
 Its  efficacy  depends  on the iodine it contains,
 Dose, gr. x to t)ij, mixed in molasses  or honey.
 See Soda.
   FUGA D^MONUM, Hypericum perforatum.
   FUOA'CIOUS. Fugax, fiugacia,  (F.)  Fugace,
 from fugere, 'to fly.'   An epithet given to certain
 symptoms, which appear and  disappear almost
 immediately afterwards; as a fugacious redness,—
 a fugacious swelling,  Tumor fugax, Ac
   FUGAX,  Fugacious.
   FUUE, from fugo, 'I  expel,'  'an expeller.'
 A common  suffix.   Hence, ¥ehr\fitge,   Vermi-
' fuqe, Ac.
   FU'GILE, Fugilla.  This  term  has   several
 acceptations.  It  means, 1. The cerumen of the
 ear.   2. The nebulous  suspension  in, or deposi-
 tion from, the  urine.   3. An  abscess near the
 ear.—Ruland and Johnson. 4. Abscess in general.
   FUGILLA, Fugile.   ,
   FULGUR, Astrape.
   FULIG"INOUS, Fuligino'eue, Lignyo dee, (F.)
Fuligineux, from fuligo, fuliginia, 'soot.'  Having
the colour of soot.  An  epithet given to certain
parts, as  the lips, teeth, or tongue, when they
assume  a brownish  colour, or rather  are covered
with a coat of that colour.   Fuliginoaity.
   FULI'GO,  genitive fiidig"inie, Lignye, Soot,
 (¥.) Sitie, Ac, Woodeoot, Fuligo Ligni, consists
 of volatile alkaline salt, empyreumatie oil, fixed
 alkali,  Ac.  A tincture,  Tinctu'ra  Fulig"inie,
 prepared  from it, has  been recommended  as a
 powerful antispasmodic in hysterical cases. (Fulig.
 lign. ^ij ; potaee._ eubcarb. Ibss;  ammon. muriat.
 t^j ; aqua fluviat. Oiij.  Digest for three days.)
 This tincture bears the  name Soot drope and Fit
 dropa.  An ointment of soot has been used in
 various cutaneous diseases.                •>
   Fuligo Alba Philosophorum, Ammoniae mu-
 rias.
   FULIGO'KALI, from fuligo, 'soot,' and  kali,
 ' potassa.'   This is an analogous preparation to
 anth-rakokali;  soot being used in  the place of
 coal.  It is employed  in the same diseases.  What
 might be regarded as a weak solution of fuligo-
 kali has been used for many years in  Philadel-
 phia, under the names medical lye, soot tea, alka-
 line solution, dyspeptic lye, and Physick's lye tea.
 It is made by mixing a quart of hickory ashes ;
 half a pint of eoot; and a gallon of boiling water;
 allowing  the  mixture to stand for twenty-four
 hours, and decanting.
   FULLERS'  EARTH, Cimolia purpurescens.
   FULMEN, Astrape.
   FULMICOTON, see Collodion.
   FULNESS,  Reple'tio, Plen'itude,  Pletho'ra,
 Reple'tion.  The state  of being  filled.  Also, a
 feeling of weight or distension in the stomach or
 other part of the system.
   FUMA'RIA, Fuma'ria ofiicina'lie seu me'dia,
 Fumus terra, Capnos, Herba melancholif uga, So-
 la'men  Scabioso'rum,  Fu'mitory,  Common Fu'mi-
 tory,  Fnmiter'ra, (¥.) Fttmeterre,  Fiel de  terre,
 Piaeesang.  Ord. Fumariaceae.   The  leaves are
 extremely succulent, and have a bitter, somewhat
 saline,  taste.   The infusion  of the dried leaves
 and the expressed juice of the fresh  plant  have
 been  extolled for  their property of clearing the
 skin of many disorders of the leprous kind.
   Fuma'ria Bulbo'sa, F. earn seu major, Borck-
 hanaen'ia seu Capno'i'dea cava, Aristolochi'a fa-
 ba'eea seu cava seu vulga'ris rotun'da, Coryd'alie
 bulbo'sa seu cava seu  tubero'sa, Capnor'chis.  The
 root of this plant was formerly given as an em-
 menagogue and  anthelmintic.   (F.)  Fumeterre
 bulbettse.
   Fumaria Cava, F. bulbosa — f Major, F. bul-
 bosa—f. Media, Fumaria—f. Officinalis, Fumaria.
   FUMETERRE, Fumaria.
   FUMIGATIO,  Fumigation—f.  Antiloimica
 Gaubii, see  Disinfection—f. Guytoniensis,  see
 Disinfection—f. Smythiana, see Disinfection.
   FUMIGA'TION, Fumiga'tio,  from fitmua,
 'smoke.'   Suffi'tna, SuffU'io, Sttfftimiua'tio,  Sufi-
 fumig"ium, Suffimen'tuin, Apocapnia'mua, Thymi-
 a'ma, Epithymia'ma,  Hypothymia'ma, Hypothy-
 mia'aie, Thymia'aie, Capnia'moa, Hypocapnta'moa,
 Hypat'mus, Hypatmis'mus,  Anathymia'sis.   An
 operation, the object of which is to fill a circum-
 scribed space with gas  or vapour,  with the in-
 tention  either of purifying the  air, of peifuming
 it, or of charging it with a substance  proper for
 acting upon a part of the surface of the human
 body.  See Sulphurous acid.  Hence, fumigations
 have been distinguished into aqueoue, aromatic,
 sulphureous, mercurial,  disinfecting,  Guytonian,
 Ac.  Benzoin  generally constitutes the chief in-
 gredient in the Fumigating Paetillea, to which
 any  variety of odoriferous  substances may  be
 adiled.  The following are formula?.
  R. Benzoin,  gj; caacarilfa, 3>ss> myrrh,  ^j ;
ol. myriat., of. caryoph. aa gtt. x ;  potaaea nitrat.
 5Jss; carbon, lign. !Jvj; mucil. trag. q.  s.— or
  R.  Benzoin, p. xvj;  Balaam. Tolut. p. iv;
Santal. alb. p. iv; Labdan. p. j ; Carbon. Lign. p.
xlviij;  Potaee.  nitrat. p.  ij; Tragacanth. p.  j; 
FUMITERRA
408
FUNICULUS
Acacia, p. ij ; Aq. cinnam. p. xij.   Reduce  the
solid  ingredients to  powder, and mix  the whole
into a plastic mass, which  must be  formed into
cones, flattened at the base, and dried, first in the
air, and afterwards in a stove.
   Fumigation, Chlorine,  see Disinfection—f.
Nitrous,  see Disinfection — f.  Oxyinuriatie,  see
Disinfection.
   FUMITERRA, Fumaria.
   FUMITORY, Fumaria.
   F-UMUS  ALBUS, Hydrargyrum—f. Citrinus,
Sulphur—f. Terrae, Fumaria.
   FUNAMBULA'TIO, from funis, 'a cord,'  and
ambulare,  'to walk.'   An exercise  with the  an-
cients, which consisted in scaling ropes.
   FUNCTION,  Func'tio, Ac'tio, (¥.) Fonction ;
from  fiungor, functus,  'I act,' 'perform.'   The
anion of an organ or system of organs.  Any  act,
necessary for accomplishing a vital phenomenon.
A function is a special  office in the animal econo-
my, which has, as its instrument, an organ or appa-
ratus of  organs.  Thus respiration  is a function.
Its object is the conversion  of venous  into arte-
rial blood, and  its instrument is the lungs.   The
ancient physiologists divided the functions into
vital, animal, and natural. They called vital fiunc-
tioue  those which are essential to life, as innerva-
tion,  circulation, respiration; animal functions,
those which belong to  the encephalon; viz.:  the
functions  of the intellect,  the affections of  the
mind, and the voluntary motions;  and natural
fuitctione,  Faculta'tes  seu  Actio'nes natura'les,
those relating to assimilation, such as the actions
of the abdominal viscera,  of the absorbent and
exhalant  vessels, Ac.  Bichat divided the  func-
tions  into those which relate to the preservation
of the" individual, and those that relate to  the
preservation of the species.   The former he sub-
divided into animal and organic.   The animal.
functione  or functions of relation are those of the
intellect, sensation, locomotion, and voice.   The
organic functione include  digestion, absorption, I
respiration, circulation, secretion, nutrition, and '
calorification.  The functione, whose object is the '
preservation of the species—the organic, nutritive,
or vegetative functione — are all those that relate
to generation ;—such as conception, gestation, ac-
couchement, Ac.  Each  of these admits of  nu-
merous  subdivisions in  a complete  course  of
Phyeiology;—for so the doctrine of  the. functions
is called.
  FUNCTIONAL, Fundi on a'lie, (¥.)  Fonction-
nel.   Relating or belonging to the function  of an
organ, or to the functions in general.
  Functional or vital phenomena are those pro-
duced by some modification  in the  action  of an
organ or organs, in contradistinction to those of
a material or physical character ;—thus we distin-
guish the  functional phenomena of phthisis from
those indicated by physical diagnosis—the phys-
ical phenomena.
  Functional Diseases, see Organic Diseases.
  FUNDA, 'a  sling.'  Sphen'done, (¥.) Fronde.
A bandage,  composed of a  fillet or long com-
press, cleft at its extremities to within  about  two
inches of its middle.  It is used in diseases of the
nose and chin, and especially in cases of fracture
of the lower jaw.  In such case it has, also, been
called Mentonnilre, because placed  beneath  the
chin; from (F.) Menton, 'the chin.'
  FUNDAMENT, Anus—f. Falling down of the,
Proctocele.
  FUNDAMENTAL,  from fundare, 'to found;
to lay the bottom of  any thing.'   (F.) Fonda-
mental.  Some anatomists have called the sacrum
Os Fundamentals, because it seems  to  serve as a
base to the vertebral column.   The ephenoid bone
bas likewise been so denominated, from its being
situate at the base of the cranium.
  FUNDUS,  'the  bottom.'  (F.) Fond.  The
base of any organ which ends in a neck, or has
an  external aperture; as the  Fundus vesicae, F.
uteri, Ac.  Also, the Vulva.
  Fundus Vagin.*, Laquear vaginae.
  FUNES CORDIS, Columnae carneae—f. Semi-
eirculares, Semicircular canals.
  FUNGIFORM PAPILLA, see Papillae of the
Tongue.
  FUN'GOID, FttngoVdee,  Myco'dee,  Fung:for'-
mis, Fun'giform, (F.)  Fongo'ide, Fotigiforme, from
flingua, 'a mushroom,' and ttSos, 'resemblance.'
That which has the shape  of, or grows  in  some
measure like a mushroom, as the fungoid or fun-
giform papillae of the tongue.
  Fungoid Disease,  Encephaloid.
  FUNGOS'ITY,  Fungoa'ittta,  Caro  htxu'riana
seu finigo'sa,  Ecsarco'ma,  Hypersarco'ma, Hy-
persarco'sis, Proud Flesh, (¥.)  FonyueitS.  The
quality of that which is fungous: — fungous ex-
crescence, Excreecen'tia fungo'ea.  The  fungosi-
ties which  arise in wounds or ulcers are easily
repressed  by  gentle  compression,  dry lint, the
sulphas cupri, or other gentle caustics.  At times,
the more powerful are necessary, and  sometimes
excision is required.
  FUNGOUS, Fitngo'eue, (¥.) Fonguciix.  Hav-
ing the characters  of fungosity or fungus — as a
fifiigons wound.
  FUNGUS, Mycee, (otpoyyos,) (¥.) Fongue, Cham-
pignon.  The muehroom  order  of  plants;  class
Cryptogamia, in the Linnaean  system.  In Path-
ology, the word is commonly used synonymously
with fungosity, myco'eie.   M. Breschet has pro-
posed to restrict the term fungoeity to vegetations
which  arise on denuded  surfaces,  and to apply
the term fiungue to the tumours which form in the
substance of the textures, without any  external
ulceration.  Fiei and warts, for  example, would
be fungi of the skin.
  Fungus Albus  Saligneus, Daedalea  suaveo-
lens— f. Articuli, Spina ventosa — f. Bleeding,
Haematodes  fungus—f.  Cancrosus haematodes,
Haematodes  F. — f. Cancrosus ' medullaris,  see
Encephaloid—f. Cerebralis, see  Encephaloid—f._
Cerebri, Encephalocele — f. Chirurgorum, Lyco-
perdon— f. Cynosbati, Bedeguar—f. Faginosus,
Morchella esculenta—f. Haematodes, Haematodes
fungus—f. Igniarius, Boletus igniarius—f. Laricis,
Boletus laricis—f.  of Malta,  Cynomorion cocci-
neum—f. Medullaris, see Encephaloid—f. Melan-
oses, Cancer, melanotic—f. Mclitensis, Cynomo-
rion coccineum — f. Petraeus marinus, Umbilicus
marinus—f. Quercinus, Boletus igniarius—f. Ro-
sarum, Bedeguar—f. Salicis, Daedalea suaveolen9
—f. Sambucinus, Peziza auricula.
  FUNIC  BELLOWS'  SOUND, see  Bellows'
Sound, funic
  FUNICULI  GRACILES,   (diminutive of
futile,  'a  cord.') Poate'rior Me'dian  Columns  or
Fascic'tili of the medulla  oblonga'ta.   Along the
posterior border of each  corpus  restiforme, and
separated  from it by  a groove, is a narrow white
cord, separated from its fellow by the fissura lon-
gitudinalis posterior.  The  pair of  cords are the
funiculi gracilea.  Each funiculus  forms an en-
largement—proceaana  clavatus—at its upper end,
and is then lost in the corpus restiforme.
  Funic'uli Sil'iqUvE.  Longitudinal fibres seen
in the groove which separates  the corpus  olivare
from the corpus pyramidale and corpus restiforme.
They enclose the base of the corpus olivare,—those
which lie on its inner  side forming the funic'uhte
inter'nue ; and those on its outer side the funicit-
lue extern ita.
  FUNICULUS, Cord—f. Externus, see Funiculi
siliquae — f.  Internus, see  Funiculi  siliquae — f.
Sperraaticus, Spermatic cord—f. Tympani, Chorda
tympani. 
FUNIS                  409               FUTUTRIX
  Funic'ulus Umbilica'lis, Funis umbilici lie,
Inteatin'ulum,  Viwculum umbilica'le.  Umbilical
cord. Navel etring, diminutive of Fttnia, 'a cord.'
(F.)  Cordon ombilicale.  A cord-like  substance,
which extends from the placenta to the umbilicus
of the foetus.   It is composed of the chorion, am-
nion, an albuminous  secretion called the Jelly of
the  Cord,  cellular  substance,  an umbilical vein,
and two umbilical  arteries.  The former conveys
the blood  from the placenta to the fcetus —the
latter return it.  All these  parts are surrounded
by a sheath — Invest it u'ra  seu Vagi'na funic'uli
umbilica'lis.  Its  usual length is from 16 to 22
inches.
  Funiculus Varicosus, Cirsocele.
  FUNIS, Cord, Laqueus—f. Argenteus, Medulla
spinalis—f. Hippocratis, Achillis tendo—f. Umbi-
licalis, Funiculus umbilicalis. *
  FUNK, Boletus  igniarius.
  FUNNEL, see Infundibulum.
  FUR, Enduit.
  FURCELLA, Fur'cula ; diminutive of furca,
'a fork.'  The upper part of the sternum, the
clavicle.   The Fourchette.
  Furcella  Inferior, Xiphoid cartilage.
  FURCHMUHL, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
These  Bavarian springs contain  carbonic acid,
sulphuretted  hydrogen, carbonates of  lime  and
soda; chlorides of lime and magnesium,  oxides
of iron and magnesium, Ac.
  FURCIFERA,  Penis.
  FURCILLA, Fburchette.
  FURCULA, Furcella, Clavicle, Fourchette.
  FURFUR  UTERINE,  Nymphomania.
  FURFUR, (from far, 'bran,') Bran, Pilyron,
Ach'yron,  Apobrae'ma, Lemma, Cantabrilno, (¥,)
Son.  The decoction is sometimes employed as
an emollient.
  FURFURA, Scarf.
  FURFURA'CEOUS,  from furfur, 'bran.'
Scurfy, Canica'ceoue,  Pithyrlnue,  Pityro'idee,
Pityro'dea, (¥.) FurftiracS.   Resembling bran.
A name given to eruptions, in which the epider-
mis is detached in  small scales resembling bran.
Also, a bran-like sediment  observed at times in
the  urine ; — Urina   furfura'cea,  Sedimen'tum
Uri'na pityro'idee.
  FURFURAMIDE, see Furfurine.
  FURFURATIO, Desquamation, Porrigo, Pity-
riasis.
  FUR'FURINE, Furfuri'na,  from furfur,
'bran.'  By the action of dilute eulphurie acid on
corn meal or bran an  oil is  obtained—flurfurol or
furfurole.  By the action  of ammonia on this,
fttrfuramide or furf'urolamide results; and by the
action of dilute potassa on  this tbe alkaloid fur-
furine is obtained.  This was  found by Professor
Simpson, of Edinburgh, to possess tonic, if not
antiperiodic, properties.
  FURFURISCA, Pityriasis.
  FURF UROL, see Furfurine.
  FURFUROLAMIDE, see Furfurine.
  FU'RIA INFERNA'LIS.   A kind  of vermi-
form insect, scarcely two lines long, common in
Sweden, which flies about and stings  both man
and  animals, exciting the  most  excruciating
torture.
  FURIBUNDUS, Maniodes.
  FURIOSUS, Maniodes.
  FURIOUS, Maniodes.
  FURMAGE, Cheese.
  FURMENTY, Frument.
  FURNAS,   MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
    thermal chalybeate water in St. Michael's, Azores,
    which  contains carbonic acid, and carbonate of
    iron- .
      FURONCLE, Furunculus.
      FURONCLE GUEPIER.  A malignant boil,
    Waap'e nest boil,  which generally attacks  the
    nape and region of the neck, and rarely others
    than old people.   Hence it has been called  Old
    People's boil.
      FURONCULEUX, Furuncular.
      FUROR,  Mania—f. Brevis, Rage —f. Mania,
    Mania—f. Uterinus, Nymphomania.
      FURRED, see Enduit.
      FURROW,  MENTO-LABIAL,  see Mento-
    labial furrow.
      FURUN'CULAR, Furun'culoua, Fttrunculo'eua,
    (¥.) Fttroiicitleux.   Relating  or appertaining to
    furunculus.—as 'a furunettlar epidemic'
      FURUNCULI ATONICI, Ecthyma —f. Ven-
    triculus, see Furunculus.
      FURUN'CULOID, FurunculoVdee.   A hybrid
    term, from furuncul.ua, and  tiios,  'resemblance.'
    Resembling furunculus,—as 'a fiurunculoid epi-
    demic'
      FURUN'CULUS, from furere,  'to  be  mad.'
    Chi'adus,  Chi'oli, Doth'ien, Dothion, Furun'culue
    8it]ipitrato'riue, F. Verue, F. benig'nue, Phyma fit-
    run'culue, Abscea'eus niic/ea'tita, a furuncle, a boil,
    a bile,  (Sc) Bruick, Bruk, (Prov.) Pinaweal, (¥.)
    Furoncle,  Fronde,. Clou.   A small phlegmon,
    which  appears under the form of a conical, hard,
    circumscribed tumour, having its seat in the der-
    moid texture.  At the end of an uncertain period,
    it becomes pointed, white or yellow, and  gives
    exit to pus mixed with blood.  When  it breaks,
    a small, grayish, fibrous mass sometimes appears,
    which  consists  of  dead areolar tissue.  This is
    called  the Core, Setfaef, Ventrtc'ulue seu Nucleus
    Furun'culi,  (¥.) Bourbillon.   The abscess  does
    not heal until after its separation.  The indica-
    tions of treatment  are,—to discuss by the appli-
    cation  of leeches and warm  fomentations, — or,
    if this  cannot be done, to encourage suppuration
    by warm, emollient cataplasms.   When suppu-
    ration  is entirely established, the part may be
    opened or suffered to break, according to circum-
    stances.
    •  The  term blind boil is given to an  indolent,
    imperfectly  suppurating, phlegmonous tumour,
    of the kind described above, which is often seated
    in a sebaceous follicle, as in Acne indurata.
      Furunculus  Gangr-Enosus, Anthrax—f. Ma-
    lignus,  Anthrax.
      FUSARIA VERMICULARIS, Ascaris vermi-
    cularis  — f.  Visceralis  et  renalis, Strongylus

      FUSEE P UR ULENTE (F.).  Th e long and
    sinuous route which pus takes, in certain cases,
    in making its way to the surface.   These FusSee
    almost  always form beneath the skin between the
    muscles; or along  aponeuroses, bones, tendons,
    Ac.
      FUSEL OIL, see Oil, fusel.
      FUSIBLE, see Fusion.
      FUSIBILITY, see Fusion.
      FUSION, Fu'sio, Melting, Liquefac'tion ; from
    fundere, fueum,  'to melt.'  In chymistry,  the
    transition of a solid body into a liquid by the nid
    of heat.  Substances capable of such  transition
    are said to be fueible ; or to be possessed of fusi-
    bility.
  I   FUSTIC TREE, Cladastris tinctoria.
A''   FUTUTRIX, Tribas. 
GAB                   410            GALACTOPOSIA
G.
  The Greek G, T, with the ancient Greek  phy-
sicians, signified an ounce.—Rhod. ad Scribonium.
  GAB, Mouth.
  GAP. ALL A, Cabal.
  GABELLA, Mesophryon.
  GABIR'EA,  ya\iipta.  A fatty kind of myrrh,
mentioned by Dioscorides.
  GADUS  ^EGLIFINUS,  see  Oleum  jecoris
a.-selli— g. Callariis.  see Oleum jecoris aselli — g.
Carbonarius, see Oleum jecoris aselli — g.  Lota,
see Oleum jecoris aselli—g. Merluccius, see Oleum
jecoris aselli — g. Morrhua, see  Oleum jecoris
aselli—g.  Pollachius, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
  OMOPHAGIA, Geophagism.
  G^EOPH'AGUS, from yata, 'earth,' and ipayia,
'I eat.'  One who eats earth.
  GAG EL,  Myrica gale.
  GAGUE  SANG, Caque-sang.
  GAHET, Cagot.
  GAIAC, Guaiacum.
  GAILLET ACCROCHANT,  Galium aparine
—g. Crochant, Galium aparine—g. Jaune, Galium
verum—g. Vrai, Galium veruin.
  GAINE, Vagina or  sheath—g. de  lApophyse
etylo'ide. Vaginal process of the temporal bone—
g. de la Veine parte, Vagina or sheath of the vena
porta.
  GAITLING, Infans.
  GALA, yuXa, genitive yaXaKros, milk; hence:
  GALACTACRA'SIA. from yaXa, and aKpaota,
'imperfect mixture.'   A morbid mixture or con-
stitution of the milk.
  GALACTACRATIA, Galactia.
  GALACTiE'MIA, from yaXa, and 'aipa, 'blood.'
A condition of the  blood  in  which it contains
milk.
   GALACTAGOGA, Galactopoetica.
   GALACTAPOSTEMA, Mastodynia apostema-
tosa.
   GALACTIA,  Galactirrha'a,  Galactorrhea,
from yaXa.   Lactie  redundan'tia,  Polygalactia,
•Galaetoze'mia.   A redundant flow of milk,  either
in a female who is suckling, or in one who is not.
 It  may occur  without being provoked by suck-
ling. When to  a great extent, it sometimes causes
 wasting;  *Tabes lac'tea, T. nutri'cum.   Dr. Good
 uses Galac'tia, in his Nosology, for 'morbid flow
 or  deficiency of milk,'  Galaclacratla.
   GALACTICUS, Lactic
   GALACTIDRO'SIS, from  yaXa, and 'toptaois,
 'sweating.'  Sweating of milk.
   GALACTIFER, Galactophorous.
   GALACTIXE, Casein.
   GALACTINUS. Lactic.
   GALACTIRRIKEA, Galactia.
   GALACT1S, Galaxias.
   GALACTIS'CIIESIS,  Galactae'cheeie,  Lactie
 reteiltio,  from  yaXa,  and  to^ttv,  'to  restrain.'
 Retention or suppression of milk.
   GALACTITES, Galaxias.
   GALACTOCATARACTA, Cataract, milky.
   GALACTOCE'LE,   Gal acton'cue,  Lactoce'le,
 from yaXa, and anXn, 'a tumour.'   Tumor lac'teue.
 Distension of one or more of the galactophorous
 sinuses by milk. Lactiferous engorgement.  The
 French use tha term Poll for such engorgement;
 i relic of an idea, as old as Aristotle, that a hair
 twallowed  may have obstructed one of the milk
 tubes, which must be got rid of by sucking.
   The name has, also, been  given by Vidal de
 Cassis to a tumour  produced by an effusion of a
white liquid into the tunica vaginalis, which he
considered to be true milk.
  GALACTODEN'DRON U'TILE",  from yaXa,
and StvSpov,  'a tree.'  Palo  de J'ucco, Arbol de
Leche, Cow tree of South America.  Family, Ur-
ticaceae.  When an  incision  is  made into  the
trunk, a fluid similar to  milk flows out, which is
agreeable and nutritious.
  GALACTO'DES, from yaXa, and ttios, 'resem-
blance.'  In Hippocrates, the term signifies milk-
warm, and likewise* a milky colour, as of the urine
—uri'na galacto'dea.
  GALACTODLE'TA, Dia'ta lac'tea, from yaXa,
and itatra, 'diet.'  A milk diet.
  GALACTODIARRHCEA, Coeliac Flux.
  GALACTOGANGLION, Milk knot.
  GALACTOH^E'MIA, Galactha'mia, Gala'mia,
from  yaXa, and 'aipa, 'blood.'  Lactie sanguino-
len'ti  Excre'tio.   The  secretion of  bloody or
bloodlike milk.
  GALACTOMASTOPARECTOMA,  Mastody-
nia apostematosa.
  GALACTOM'ETER,  Lactom'eter,  from yaXa,
and ptrpov, 'measure.'  An instrument for appre-
ciating the quantity of cream" in milk.  It is a
kind  of graduated separatory or  Sprottvette— the
degrees on the scale indicating the thickness of
the layer of cream that forms on the surface of
the milk.
  GALACTONCUS, Galactocele.
  GALACTOPH'AGOUS, Galactoph'ague, Lac-
tiv'orus, sometimes used  substantively;  from
yaXa,  and  ipayio, 'I eat.' That which feeds on
milk.   A name  given to certain  people, with
whom milk appears to constitute the chief nou-
rishment.
  GALACTOPHORA, Galactopoetica.
  GALACTOPHORITIS.  Inflammation of the
galactophorous ducts.   It has been inaccurately
used  for  ulceration of  the  top of  the  nipple
towards their orifices.
  GALACTOPHOROUS, Lactiferous—g. Ducts,
Lactiferous ducts—g. Receptacle, see Lactiferous
vessels — g.  Sac,  see  Lactiferous  vessels — g.
Sinuses, see Lactiferous vessels.
  GALACTOPH'ORUS.  Some accoucheurs have
given this name to an instrument intended to fa-
cilitate sucking, when the faulty conformation of
 the  nipple prevents the child from laying  hold
 of it.
   GALACTOPH'YGUS, from yaXa, and tptvyttv,
 'to shun.'  That  which arrests  or disperses the
 secretion of milk. Hence Galactoph'yga Medi-
 camen'ta.
   GALACTOPLA'NIA,  Metae'taeie sen Aber-
 ra'tio seu  Via extrabrdina'ria  lactie, Galactor-
 rhea erro'nea, from yaXa,  and irXavn, ' wander-
 ing.'   Extravasation  of milk into  the  areolar
 membrane.  Secretion  of milk  elsewhere  than
 from the breasts.
   GALACTOPLERO'SIS, from yaXa, and *Xij-
 poiots, 'repletion.'  Redundance of milk.
   GALACTOPOEA, Galactopoetica.            ,
   GALACTOPOESIS, Galactosis.
   GALACTOPOET'ICA, Galactoph'ora, Galac-
 tago'ga, Galactopoe'a, from  yuXa, and  ttoitm, 'I
 make.'  Substances to which has been attributed
 the property of favouring the secretion of milk
 and  augmenting its quantity.
   GALACTOPOIESIS, Galactosis.
   GALACTOPO' SIA,  from yaXa,  and icoeis, 
GALACTOPOTES           411                 GALIUM
•drink."  The drinking of milk.  Treatment of
a disease by means of milk
  GALACTOP'OTES, Galactop'otua, Lactip'otor.
Same  etymon.  A  drinker of milk.  One  sub-
jected to a milk diet.
  GALACTOPYRA, Fever, milk
  GALACTOPYRETUS, Fever, milk
  GALACTORRHEA,  Galactia-g.  Erronea,
Galactoplauia —g.   Saccharata,  Saccharorrhoea
luctea.
  GALACTOSACCHARUM, Saccharum lactis.
  GALACTOSCHESIS, Galactischesis.
  GALACTO'SIS,  Gulactopoie'sis,  Galactopoe'-
ets, becretio lactis;  from ya\a.   The  secretion
or formation  of milk.
  GALAOTOT'ROPHE,  Galactotroph'ia,  from
yaXa,  and  rpo^n, 'nourishment.'   Nourishment
by means of  milk.
  GALACTOZE'MIA,  from   yaXa, and  &««,
'loss.   Loss of milk.  Also, Galactia.
  GALACTU'CHOS, from  yaXa,  and tytiv, 'to
have.'  Suckling.   Giving milk.
  GALACTURIA,  Chyluria.
  GAL^EMIA, Galactohaemia.
  GALANGA, Maranta galanga.
  GALANGAL, Maranta galanga.
  GALANGALE, Cyperus longus.
  GALARHffiUS  LATHYRIS.  Euphorbia la-
thyris—g. Palustris, Euphorbia palustris.
  GALARIPS, Allamanda.
  GALAX APHYL'LA,  G. rotund ifo'Iia,  Ery-
throrrhi'za rotundifo'lia; Carpenter'a leaf, Beetle-
need; indigenous;  Order Ericaceae. The root is
astringent,  and the leaves, in  domestic practice,
are applied to cuts and wounds.
  GALAX lA, Thoracic duct.
  GALAX'IAS, Galaxtltee, Galac'tie; from yaXa.
A milk stone.  A stone  supposed  to be capable
of promoting the secretion of milk.
  GALBANUM, see Bubon galbanum—g.Long-
leaved, Bubon galbanum.
  GAL'BULUS,  from galbne, 'yellow.'  A  kind
of congenital jaundice, in which the yellow colour
continues through life.  It is rather a defect in
colour than a disease.—Vogel.
  GALE, Myrica gale—g. Odorant, Myrica gale
—g. Scotch, Myrica gale—g. Sweet, Myrica  gale.
  GALE, Psora—g. Canine, Psoriasis—g.  Epi-
dSmique,  Eczema — g. Miliaire,  Psoriasis — g.
Slche, Lichen, Psoriasis.
  GA'LEA.  A  helmet,  from  yaXta, 'a cat;' of
the skin of which it was formerly made. [?]  A
name given to the amnioe, and also to the band-
age of Galen.  In Pathology, it indicates a head-
ach affecting  the whole head.   See, also, Caul.
  Galea Aponeurot'ica  Cap'itis, Ga'lea ten-
din'ea  Santorlni,  Ga'lea cap'itie, Membra'na
epicra'nia.    The  tendinous  expansion  which
unites the frontal and occipital portions  of the
occipito-frontalis muscle.
  GALEAMAUROSIS, Amaurotic cat's eye.
  GALEAN'CON,  Galian'con, from  yaXta,  'a
cat,' 'a weasel,'  and ayxiav, 'an elbow.'   Mttate-
la'neus.  One who has two short arms.
  G A L E A N' TIIR 0 P Y, Galeanthro'pia,  from
yaXta, 'a cat,' and avSpuiros, 'a man.'   A variety
of melancholy in which the patient believes  him-
self changed  into a  cat.   An affection  similar to
lye an th ropy and cynanthropy.
' GALE'GA, G. oflirina'lia sen vulga'ris sen Per'-
sica, Ruta  capra'ria,  Goat's Rue,  (¥.) Rue  de
chlvre, Faux Indigo.  Ord. Leguminosaj.   It is
slightly aromatic, and was once used as a sudo-
rific and alexiterial in malignant fevers, Ac.
  Galega Apollinea, Tephrosia  apollinea — g.
Pr-rsica. Galega—g. Purpurea, Tephrosia apolli-
nea—q.. Toxicaria, Tephrosia toxica ria.
  Galega Virginia'na,  Tephro'sia Virginia'na,
Turkey Pea, Hoary Pea, Devil's shoestrings, Vir-
ginia Goat's rue or cat-gut, is used in some part*
of the United  States as an anthelmintic.   The
decoction of the root is given.
  Galega Vulgaris, Galega.
  GALENE, Graphites.
  GALENEA,  Graphites.
  GALEN'IC,  Galen'ical, Galen'icua, Gale'niue,
(¥.)  Galenique, from Galenus.   That which re-
lates to the doctrine of Galen or toGalenism. Used,
substantively, for drugs that are not chymical.
  Galenic Medicine, Galenism.
  GA'LENISM,  Galen'ic med'icine.  The  doc-
trine  of  Galen.
  GA'LENIST, Galenis'ta,  Galenia'tea.  A fol-
lower of the doctrine of Galen.
  GALENI US, Galenic.
  GALEOBDOLON, Galeopsis.
  GALEOPDOLON, Galeopsis.
  GALEOPSIDE, Galeopsis grandiflora.
  GALEOPSIS, Lamium album.
  Galeop'sis,  Galiop'sia, Galeob'dolon,  Galeop'-
dolon, La'mium rubrum, Urti'ca iuera magna foe-
tidia'eima, Stachye  foe'tida,  Hedge nettle,  (¥.)
Ortie morte dea boia.  Ord. Labiatse. From yaXta,
'a weasel,' and oxpis, 'appearance;' the corolla
having been  supposed to resemble the  head of
the weasel.  This plant was formerly reckoned a
vulnerary and anodyne.
  Galeopsis Angustipolia, G. grandiflora — g.
Dubia, G. grandiflora.
  Galeop'sis Grandiflo'ra, G. Ochrolen'ca seu
la'danum seu anguatifo'lia seu du'bia seu proe-
tra'ta seu villo'sa, Tetrahit longiflo'rum,  G. Seg"-
etum, Herba Siderltidis, (¥.) Ga/eopside, Chanvre
bdtard.   This plant is regarded in Germany as a
bitter resolvent.  It  is the basis, also, of a cele-
brated nostrum, the Blankenheimer Tea,  called
likewise  Lieber'e pectoral and phthisical herbs
(Liebersche  Brust  oder Auszehrungs-
Krauter), which has enjoyed great repute in
pectoral  complaints.   The tops of the  plant are
given in  decoction (J;j, boiled in a pint  of water
for a quarter of an  hour).  This quantity to be
taken in  a day.
  Galeopsis Ladanum, G. grandiflora—g. Ochro-
leuca, G. grandiflora—g. Prostrata, G. grandiflora
—g.  Segetum, G. grandiflora.
  Galeop'sis Versic'olor, is possessed of the
same virtues.
  Galeopsis Villosa, G. grandiflora.
  GALEROPIA, Oxyopia.
  GALEUX, Psoric
  GA'LIA.  An ancient composition, in which
galls were an ingredient; the Galia pura.  There
was  also  a Galia aromat'ica, moschelta seu mtte-
ca'ta, which  consisted of a  mixture of several
perfumes, such  as musk.
  GALIANCON, Galeancon.
  GALIOPSIS, Galeopsis.
  GALIP.EA FEBRIFUGA, Cusparia  febrifuga
—g.  Officinalis, see Cusparia febrifuga.
  GALIPOT, see Pinus sylvestris.
  GA'LIUM, Gallium,  (from yaXa, 'milk,' be-
cause some species curdle milk.)   G. verum.
  Galium Album, G. Mollugo.
  Ga'lium Apari'ne, G. infest'um sen aparinoi'-
dea seu brachycarp'on seu acaber'rimum, Volan'tia
apari'ne, Aparine, A. hie'pida, Lappa,  Philan-
thro'pua,  Ampelocar'pne, Omphalocar'pits, Ixtte,
Asphari'ne, Asper' ula,  Goose-gra8s,  Cleaver's
beee,  Cleavere,  Gooae-share, Robin-run-the-hedge,
Hay riff, (Old Eng.) Clitheren, (Prov.). Clider,  Oli-
ver; Order, Rubiaceae; Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Mo-
nogynia.  (F.) Gaillet accrochant,G. crochant,Grat-
teron.  The expressed juice has been given as an
aperient  diuretic in  incipient dropsies,- also in
cancer; and the decoction in Lepra and Psoriasis.
  Galium Aparanoides, G. aparine.
  Ga'lium Asprell'um, Rough bed-straw. Rough 
GALL                  41
ladies' bed-straw; indigenous; has the diuretic j
properties of most of its genus.                 I
  Galium Brachycarpon, G.  aparine — g.  Cau- j
casicum, G. verum.
  Galium  ClRCvE'zANS, Wild  Liquorice,  Maeter
of the Woode.   An indigenous plant, which  flow-
ers from June  to August.  It is demulcent and
diuretic, and is a popular domestic remedy.
  Galium  Infeste, G. aparine — g. Luteum, G.
eerura.
  Galium  Mollu'go,  Galium album seu Tyro-
len'se, Alys'sum Plitlii, Greater ladies' bed-straw,
(F.) Caillelait blanc.  The herb and flowers have
been used medicinally in epilepsy.
  Galium  Odoratum, Asperula odorata—g. Sca-
berrimum, G. aparine.
  Ga'lium Tincto'rum, an  American  species,
closely allied'in properties to G. verum.
  Galium  Tyrolense, G. mollugo—g. Tubercu-
latum, G. verum.
  Ga'lium Verum,  Galium, G. lu'teitm seu  Can-
ca'sicum  seu  tubercula'turn,  Ladiee'  bedstraw,
Cheeae - rennet,   Bed-atraw,   Cleavewort,  Gooee-
grase, Savoyan,  Clabber-graae, Milksweet,  Poor
Robin,  Gravel-grasa, (¥.) Gaillet jaune ou  vrai,
 Vrai Caillelait.  The tops were used in the cure
of epilepsy.  The leaves and  flowers possess the
property of curdling milk.
  GALL, Bile, see Chafing, and Eczema impetigi-
nodes, Quercus infectoria, and Vitrum—g. of the
Earth, Prenanthes,  P. alba—g. Nut, see Quercus
infectoria—g. of the Ox, see Bile—g. of the  Skin,
Chafing—g. Turkey, see Quercus infectoria.
  GALL-BLADDER,   Veaic'ula  fellis,  Chol'e-
cyst,  Cholecye'tis, Follic'ulua fellia, Cystia fellea
seu  choled'ochue,  Veai'ca fellea  seu  bilia'ria,
 Veaic'ula bilia,  Follic'iilus fel'leua, (¥.) VSaicule
du fiel ou biliaire,  RSservoir de la bile.   A
membranous, pyriform  reservoir, lodged in a su-
perficial depression at  the inferior surface of the
right lobe  of the liver.   It receives, by the hepa-
tic and cystic ducts, a portion  of the bile secreted
by the liver, when the stomach is empty, which
becomes in it  more acrid, bitter, and thick.   It
receives an artery, called the cyetic.   Its  veins
empty into the vena porta.  Its nerves come from
the hepatic plexus,  and its lymphatic vessels join
those of the liver.
   GALL A, see Quercus infectoria — g.  Maxima
Orbiculata, see Quercus infectoria.
   GALL.E QUERCUS, see Quercus infectoria—
g. Tinctoriae, see Quercus infectoria.—g. Turcicae,
see Quercus infectoria.
   GALLATURA, Molecule.
   GALLE DE CHENE,-see Quercus infectoria.
   GALLI GALLINACEI CAPUT, Gallinaginis
caput.
   GALLINAG"INIS  CAPUT, Galli gallina'cei
 Caput,  Caput gallina'ceum, Collic'ulne semina'lie,
 Carun'citla eemina'lie, Veru  monta'num,  Criata
urethra'lie seu ure'thra, Crete urSthrale, — (Ch.,)
from gallinago, gallinaginie, 'a woodcock.' An
oblong, rounded projection, formed by the mucous
membrane in  the spongy portion of the urethra,
at the sides of which the ejaculatory ducts  open.
   GAL'LIPOT,  (Prov.) Glumpot. Perhaps from
gala, 'finery.' [?]  A pot painted and glazed,  or
merely glazed, and commonly used to hold medi-
cines.
   GALLTTRICHUM,  Salvia sclarea.
   GALLIUM,  Galium.
   GALLS, see  Quercus infectoria—g. Bussorah,
see Quercus infectoria — g.  Mecca, see Quercus
infectoria.
   GALLSTCKNESS, Fever, Walcheren.
   GALLSTONES,  Calculi, biliary.
   GALLUS, Eunuch.
   GALREDA, Gelatin.
GANGLION
   GALVANIA VELLOZII, Palicourea  Marc-
 graavii.
   GALVANIC CAUTERY, see Moxa.
   GALVANISATION, Galvanization.
   GAL'VANISM,  Galvania'mua,  Electric"ita»
 anima'lie seu  Galvan'ica seu metallica, Irrita-
 men'tum  metallo'rum seu metallicttm, Voltaism,
 Volta'ic or Chemical or Contact Electricity. Called
 after Galvani.  A series of phenomena, consisting
 in sensible movements, executed by animal parts,
 which are endowed with irritability, when plaeed
 in connexion with two metallic plates of different
 nature, between which  a communication is esta-
 blished by direct contact or by means of a metal-
 lic wire.  Galvanism has been employed medici-
 nally in the  same cases as  electricity, and espe-
 cially in neuralgic affections. It is often applied
 in the form of plates,—" Jlansford'e plates."  In
 asthma, for example, a small blister, the size of a
 dollar, may be placed on the neck over the course
 of the  phrenic and pneumogastric nerves, and
 another on  the side,  in the region  of  the dia-
 phragm.   One metal is placed mediately or im- .
 mediately over the vesicated surface on the neck,
 and  another over that in  the side.  They are
 then connected by means of a wire.   The new
 nervous impression, in  this  way induced, is often
 signally beneficial.
   GALVANIZATION, Galvaniea'tio, (¥.) Gal-
 vanieation.  The act of affecting with galvanism.
   Galvanization, Lo'calized.   (F.) Galvaniaa-
 tion  localieSe.   A  mode of employing galvanism,
 proposed by Duchenne,- of Boulogne, by which, ho
 conceives, the electric influence may be arrested,
 at will, in the  skin; or, without any  incision  or
 puncture, the skin may be traversed, and the elec-
 tric influence be limited to the organs which it co-
 vers—to the nerves, muscles, and even the bones.
   GALVANOPUNCTURE, Electropuncture.
   GAMBA, Patella.
   GAMBARUS, Crab.
   GAMBIER, see Catechu and Nauclea gambir.
   GAMBIR, see Catechu and Nauclea gambir.
   GAMBOGIA, Cambogia.
   GAMBOIDIA,  Cambogia.
   GAMMARUS,  Crab.
   GAM'MATA FERRAMEN'TA.   Cauteries,
 having the  shape of the Greek letter r, gamma,
 which were  used for cauterizing heroine.
   GAMMAUT, Gammot.  The Italians, accord-
 ing  to Scultetus, gave this name to a kind  of
 crooked bistouri, used for opening abscesses.
   GAMMISMUS, Psammismus.
   GAMPHE.  Gena.
   GAMPHELE,  Gena, Maxillary Bone.
   GANGAME, Epiploon.
   GANGAMUM, Epiploon.
   GANGLIA  CEREBRI  POSTICA,  Thalami
 nervorum opticorum—g. Formative, see Ganglion
 —g. Hemispherical,  Hemispheres  of the brain
 — g. of  Increase, see  Ganglion—rg. Nervorum,
 Ganglions, nervous,  see Ganglion — g.  Respira-
 tory, see Encephalon — g. Sensory, see Sensory
 ganglia—g! Stomato-gastric, see Encephalon.
   GANGLIAR, Ganglionic.
   GANGLIATED, Ganglionic.
   GANG'LIFORM, Gang'liofiorm, Gang I if or'mis.
 Having the shape of a  ganglion. From ganglion,
 and forma,  'form.'
   GANGLIITIS, Ganglionitis.
   GANGLI'OLUM, Diminutive of ganglion.   A
 small ganglion.
   GANGLIO'MA.  A  tumour of the glands  or
 'of the lymphatic ganglions, and especially epi-
 thelioma of them.—Nysten.
   GANG'LION, Gang'lium. In anatomy, a name
j generally given to a knot-like enlargement in the
 course of a  nerve.  It is  applied, however, to
I organs differing considerably from each other in 
GANGLION               413               GANGRENE
size, colour,  texture, functions,  Ac.   They are
divided into glandiform, lymphatic, and nervoue.
1.  Glandiform ganglione, called also adenoid, vaa-
eular, and  eanguineoue  ganglione;  blind, aporic,
ductleaa, blood,  and vascular glands; glandula
spuria, Ac,  are organs of whose  functions we
are, in  general, ignorant; and which have the
appearance of glands.  They are formed of ag-
glomerated globules, pervaded  by blood-vessels
surrounded by areolar  membrane, and contain a
milky or yellowish fluid.  To this class belong the
spleen,  thymus, thyroid, and supra-renal glands.
They are, doubtless, concerned in sanguification.
2. Lymphat'ic ganglions. See Conglobate. 3. Ner-.
vous ganglions, Ganglia seu Ganglio'nes seu  Nodi
seu Nod'uli Nervo'rum,  Tumo'res seu  Plexus
ganglioform'ea, Plexua glandifor'mea, Tuber'culu
nodo'ea  Nervo'rum, Divertic'ula epirituum  ani-
uia'lium, Ganglia of increaee, Form'ative gang'lia.
 Enlargements or knots  in the course  of a nerve.
 They belong, in general,  to  the system of the
 great sympathetic.  One exists on the posterior
 root of every spinal nerve, and on one cerebral,—
.the 5th.  Bichat regarded them as so many  small
 brains, or  centres of nervous action, independent
 of the  encephalon, and intended exclusively for
 organic life.   Being formed by the union of the
 cerebral and spinal nerves, they may send out
 the influence of both these nervous centres to the
 parts to which the nerves  proceeding from  them
 are distributed.  Ganglia are chiefly composed of
 vesicular neurine;  and appear to be concerned
 in the formation and dispensation of nerve power.
   Ganglion,  (yayyXiov, Aetius.)  Same etymon.
 Emphy'ma encys'tie ganglion.  A globular,  hard,
 indolent tumour, without change in the colour of
 the skin;  of a size varying from that of a pea, to
 that .of an egg, and always situate in the course
 of a tendon.  The tumour is formed of a viscid,
 albuminous fluid, contained in a cyst of greater
 or less thickness.  The cyst is sometimes loose;
 but in  the majority of cases it communicates, by
 a narrow footstalk, with the sheath of a tendon,
 or even with the synovial capsule of a neighbour-
 ing articulation.  The cauaea  are generally un-
 known.  The treatment consists in compression,
 percussion, the  use  of discutients, extirpation, or
 incision.
    Ganglion Abdominale, G. semilunar—g. Ade-
 noid,  G.  glandiform — g. of Andersch, Petrous
 ganglion—g. Annular, see Ciliary ligament — g.
 of Arnold, Oticum ganglion — g. Auricular, Oti-
 cum G. — g. Azygous, see Trisplanchnic nerve —
 g. Cardiac, Cardiac ganglion — g. Carotic or Ca-
 rotid, see Carotid  or  Carotic  nerve — g. Caver-
 nous, see  Carotid or Carotic nerve — g. Cerebelli,
 Corpus dentatum—g. Cerebral, anterior, Corpora
 Btriata:—g.  Cerebri Anterius, Corpora striata —
 g. CSrSbral, infSrieur, grand, Thalami  nervorum
 opticorum — g. Cerebral, posterior, Thalami ner-
 vorum opticorum—g. du Cervelet, Corpus denta-
 tum— g.  Ciliare, Corpus  dentatum — g.  Ciliary,
 Ophthalmic  ganglion — g. Corpuscles, see Neu-
 rine.
    Ganglion  op Ehrenritt'er,  Ganglion  nervi
■ gloaao-pharynge'i aupe'riua, G. jugithlre aupe'riua
 seu Ehrenriileri seu  Mull'eri.  A reddish-gray
 mass on the glosso-pharyngeal nerve in the fora-
 men lacerum, above the ganglion of Andersch.
    Ganglion op the Fifth Nerve, G. of Gasser.
    Ganglion  op Gasser,  Gan'glium seu  Gan'-
 glion  Gaee'eri seu Gasseria'niim seu eemihtna're,
 Moles gangliform'i*, Intttmescen'tia gangliform'ie
 Beu eemiluna'ria, Ta'nia nervo'sa  Halleri, Gan-
 glion  of the fifth nerve.  A semicircular knot on
 the 5th pair of nerves, before  its  division into
 three branches.
   Ganglion,  Glandiform,  see  Ganglion —g.
 Globules,see Neurine—g. Impar, see Trisplanchnic  ;
nerve—g. Jugulare superius, G. of Ehrenritter—g.
Laiteux, Milk-knot—g. of Laumonier, see Carotid
or Carotic nerve—g. Lenticular, Ophthalmic G.—-
g. Lymphatic,  Conglobate gland—g. Maxillo-
tympanique, Oticum G.—g. of Meckel, Spheno-
palatine  G. — g. Mulleri, G. of Ehrenritter — g.
Nasopalatine,  see  Nasopalatine  ganglion — g.
Nervi glosso-pharyngei superius, G. of Ehrenrit-
ter— g. Nervous, Neuroma—g. Ophthalmic,  see
Ophthalmic ganglion — g. Optic,  Quadrigemina
tubercula—g. Orbitar, G. ophthalmic—g. Oticum,
Oticum G.—g. Petrosal, see Petrous ganglion.
  Ganglion op the  Pneumogas'tric.  A gan-
glionic structure in the pneumogastric as it passes
through  the foramen lacerum posterius.
  Ganglion of Ribes.  A nervous ganglion upon
the anterior communicating artery of the brain,
and to be found at the point  of junction of  the
right and left trunks of the sympathetic
  Ganglion, Sanguineous, G. glandiform — g.
Semilunare,  G.  of Gasser, Ophthalmic  ganglion
—g. Sensory, see Sensory ganglia—g. Solare, G.
semilunare—g. Sphenoidal, Sphenopalatine gan-
glion— g.  Spinal, see Encephalon — g.  Splanch-
nicum, G.  semilunare—g. SupSrieur  du cerveau
(grand,) Corpora striata — g.  of  the  Superior
Laryngeal Branch, see Pneumo-gastric nerves —
g. SurrSnal, G. semilunare—g. Thyroid, see Tri-
splanchnic nerve—g.  Transversum, G. semilunare
— g. Vascular, G. glandiform — g. Vertebral, see
Trisplanchnic  nerve — g.  de   Vieuastna,  Coeliao
plexus.
  GANGLIONARY, Ganglionic.
   GANGLIONES   NERVORUM,  Ganglions,
nervous.
  GANGLION'IC, Ganglion'icue,  Gan'glionary,
 Gan'gliar, Gan'gliated, from ganglion, (F.) Gan-
glionnaire.   Relating to ganglia.   Nerve- are so
called in the course of which  ganglions are  met
with; as the greater part of the branches of the
great sympathetic or trisplanchnic, the posterior
roots of  the spinal nerves, Ae.  Ganglionice, ac-
 cording  to  Dr.  Pereira,  are agents, which affect
 the ganglionic  or great sympathetic system of
 nerves, [?]—as stimulants  and sedatives.
   Ganglionic  Nerve, Trisplanchnic nerve — g.
 Nervous System, see Trisplanchnic nerve.
   GANGLIONITIS, Gangliltis,  from  yayyXiov,
 'a   ganglion,'  and itie, denoting  inflammation.
 Inflammation of a nervous ganglion.  Sometimes
 used for inflammation of a lymphatic ganglion.
   Ganglionitis  Peripherica  et  Medullaris,
 Cholera.
   GANGLIONNAIRE, Ganglionic.
   GANGLIUM, Ganglion—g. Gasseri,  Ganglion
 of  Gasser.
   GANGR^ENA, Gangrene — g.  Alopecia,  Alo-
 pecia—g. Caries, Caries—g. Nosocomiorum, Hos-
 pital gangrene — g.  Oris,  Cancer aquaticus — g.
 Ossis, Spina ventosa — g. Ossium,  Caries — g.
 Pottii, see Gangrene, and Gangrene of old people
 — g. Pulmonum, Necropneumonia — g.  Senilis,
 Gangrene  of old people—g. Sphacelus, Sphacelus
 —g. Tonsillarum, Cynanche maligna—g. Ustila.
 ginea, Ergotism—g. Vaginae, Colpocace.
   GANGR.ENESCENTIA, Gangraenosis.
   GANGRiENICUS, Gangrenous.
   GANGR7ENODES, Gangrenous.
   GANGR^ENOPS'IS,  from  yayypatva,  'gan-
 grene, and od-jf, 'the countenance.'  Cancer aqua-
 ticus; also, gangrenous  inflammation of the eye-
 lids ; Blepharitis gangrano'sa.—Siebenhaar.
   GANGR^ENO'SISi   Gangranescen'tia, from
.yayypatva, 'gangrene.'   The state  of being gan-
 grenous or of becoming  gangrenous.
   GANGH.ENQSUS, Gangrenous.
   GANGRENE, Gangra'na, Cancre'na, Hot mor-
 tification, (¥.) Gangrene, G. Chaude, Asphyxie des
 partiea, from ypaw, ypatvio, ' I eat.'  Privation of 
GANGRENE DE LA BOUCHE  414    GARULEUM  BIPINNATUM
life or partial death of an  organ.  Authors have II
generally  distinguished mortification  into  two Ij
stages;  naming the first  incipient or gangrene. |j
It is attended with a sudden  diminution  of feel- |i
ing in the part affected; livid discoloration ; de- |
tachment  of the cuticle, under which  a  turbid ;
fluid is effused; with  crepitation, owing to the
disengagement of air into the areolar texture.  \
When the part has become quite black, and in-
capable of all feeling, circulation, and life, it con-
stitutes the  second stage, or mortification, and  is
called  sphae"elite.  Gangrene, however, is  fre-
quently used synonymously with mortification,—
local asphyxia being the term employed  for that
condition, in which the parts are in a state of
suspended animation, and, consequently,  suscep-
tible of resuscitation.  When the part is  filled
with fluid entering into putrefaction, the affection
is called humid gangrene, (¥.) Gangrlne humide :
on the other hand, when it is dry and shrivelled,
it constitutes dry gangrene ;  (¥.) Gangrlne slche.
To this class belongs the gangra'na eeni'lie, G.
Pot'tii, Preshyosphac''elit8, or spontaneous gan-
grene of old people, which rarely admits of cure.
Whatever may be the kind  of gangrene, it may
be caused by violent inflammation, contusion,  a
burn, congelation, the ligature of  a large arterial
trunk, or  by some inappreciable internal  cause.
   The treatment, both  of external  and internal
gangrene, varies according to the causes which
produce it.   Gangrene from  excessive inflamma-
tion is obviated by antiphlogistics ; and that from
intense cold by cautiously restoring the  circula-
tion by cold frictions, Ac.  When the  gangrene
has become developed,  the  separation  of the
eschars must be encouraged  by emollient appli-
cations, if there  be considerable reaction; or by
tonics  and.stimulants, if the reaction be insuffi-
cient.
   Gangrene, Hospital,  see Hospital gangrene  j
—g. of the  Lungs, Necropneumonia.
   GANGRENE  DE LA   BOUCHE,  Cancer
aquaticus — g.   Chande,  Gangrene—g.  Froide,
Sphacelus—g.  Humide, see  Gangrene—g. Slche,
see Gangrene—q. HCpital, Hospital gangrene —
gr. du Poumon, Necropneumonia—g. dee Solonoia,
Ergotism.
   GAN'GRENOUS, Gangra''nicue,Gangrano''ette,
 Gangrano'dee, (¥.) GangrSneux.  Affected with or
relating to gangrene.
   Gangrenous Erosion  op  the Cheek, Cancer
aquaticus.
   GANJAII, Guniah.
   GANTELET (¥.),  Chirothe'ca, Fae'cia digi-
ta'lis,  Gauntlet;  from (F.)   gant, 'a glove.'  A
sort of bandage which envelops the  hand and
fingers like a glove.   It is made with a long
roller, about an inch broad; and is applied  so
that the finders  are covered to  their tips, when
it is oallcd  Gantelet entier ou complet.  The Demi-
gantelet includes only the hand and base of the
fingers.   Both bandages are used in fractures and
 luxations of the fingers, burns of the  hand, Ac
 See Chirotheca.
   GANTS  DES DAMES,  Condom—g. de Notre
 Dame, Digitalis.
   GAOL  CACHEXIA, see Cachexia, gaol.
   G iVPING, Yawning.
   GARANCE, Rubia.
   GARCIN'IA  CAMBO'GIA, G. seu  Cambogia
 gutta, Mitngohta.'na Cambogia.  Ord.  Guttiferae.
 A tree of  Ceylon, Family, Guttiferae, which affords
 a concrete juice similar to Gamboge.
   Garcinia Gutta, G.  Cambogia.
   G ARCIN'lA Mangosta'na,  Mangoeta'na Gar-
 dn'ia, from Garcin, who  accurately described it.
 The systematic name of the Mangoetan', Man-
 goitstail,  Mangostine' or Maugoeteeil tree, Man-
goeta'na.  It grows  in great abundance in Java
and the  Molucca islands.  The fruit, which is
about the size  of an orange, is  delicious, and is
eaten in almost every disorder.  The dried bark
is used  medicinally  in dysentery and  tenesmus;
and a strong decoction has  been much esteemed
in ulcerated sore throat.
   Garcin'ia Purpu'rea.   From this species a
concrete oil of Mangoeteen  is  obtained, which is
called, in  India, Knkiim butter, Kokum being the
Indian name of Mangosteen. The oil is extracted
from the fruit by boiling.   It is used in India in
cases of chaps.
 .  GARDE-MALADE, Nurse.
   GARDENIA  DUMETORUM, Randia dume-
torum—g. Spinosa, G. dumetorum.
   GARDEROBE,  Artemisia abrotanum.
   GARDERORES, Faeces.
   GARDINER'S ALIMENTARY PREPARA-
TION, see Oryza.
   GARDOUCHES, Vesiculae seminales.
   GARETUM, Poples.
   GARGALISMUS, Gargalus.
   GAR'GALUS, Gar'gale,  Gargalie'mue,  Titil-
la'tio,  Irrita'tio, Prtirltue.  Titillation,  irrita-
tion, itching.  Also, masturbation; and,  rarely,
animal  magnetism.
   GARGAREON, Uvula.
   GARGARISATIO, Gargarism.
   GAR'GARISM,   Gargaria'mus,  Gargaris'm-t,
Anagargalic'ton,  Gargarie'miini, Collu'tio, Dia-
clys'ma, Anagargaris'ton,  Anagargarism'us, Ana-
conchylis' mus, Anaconchylias' mue, Tit ill amen'turn,
from yapyaptfa, ' I  wash the mouth,' ' I gargle.'
A gargle.  Any  liquid  medicine, intended to be
retained in the mouth, for a certain time, and to
be thrown in contact with the uvula, velum pen-
dulum,  tonsils,  Ac   For this purpose,  the liquid
is agitated by the air issuing from the larynx, the
head being thrown  back.   Gargles  are employed
in cynanehe  tonsillaris and  other diseases of the
fauces,  and  are made of stimulants, sedatives,
astringents,  refrigerants,  Ac, according  to  cir-
cumstances.
   The process is  termed gargling, gargariea'tio.
   The term colluto'rium or collutorium oris is ge-
nerally restricted to a wash  for the  mouth.
   GARGET, Phytolacca decandra.
   GARGLE. Gargarism.
   GARGLING, see Gargarism.
   GARGOUILLEMENT,  Borborygmus, Gur-
gling.  See Rdle muqueux.
   GARLIC,  Allium — g.  Hedge,   Alliaria—g.
Meadow,  Allium Canadense.
   GARLOCK.  Sinapis arvensis.
   GAROSMUM, Chenopodium vulvaria.
   GAROU BARK,  Daphne gnidium.
   GARRETUM, Poples.
  .GARROPHYLLUS, Eugenia caryophyllata.
   GARROT (¥.), garrot, from  garotter,  'to tie
fast.'   A  compressing bandage,  tightened  by
 twisting a small  cylinder  of wood,  by which the
 arteries of a  limb are compressed, for the purpose
 of suspending the flow of blood in cases of hemor-
 rhage, aneurism, amputation, Ac.
   GARROTILLO,  Cynanche maligna.
   GARRULITAS, Loquacity.
   GARU'LEUM BIPINNA'TUM.  A South Afri-
 can plant,  Ord. Compositae; known  under the
 name Snakeroot, from its  reputed  effects as an
j antidote to the bites of venomous serpents.   Tbe
I root is  a great favourite with the Boers in chest
| diseases—as asthma—and in  affections in which
j a free  secretion  from  the mucous  membrane of
I the bronchia is indicated. It  has diaphoretic
 properties, and acts as a diuretic  in  gout  and
| dropsy.  It is given in decoction or  tincture.  Dr.
j Pappe  thinks the root ought to have a place i»
I the Materia  Medica. 
GARUM
415
GASTRITIS
  GARUM, yapov,  Licul'men,  Liqna'men.   The
ancient Romans  gave this  name to a kind of
pickle made by collecting the liquor which flowed
from salted  and half-putrefied fish.  It was used
as a condiment.— The Geoponice, Humelberg on
Apicius, Martial, Ac.
   GAR VANCE, Cicer arietinum.
   GAS, see Gaz—g.  Ammoniacale, Ammonia —
g. Animale sanguinis, Gaz'sanguinis—g.Azotieum,
Azote — g. Azoticum  oxygenatum, Nitrogen, ga-
seous oxide of— g. Hepaticum,  Hydrogen, sul-
phuretted— g. Hydrogenium sulphuretum, Hy-
drogen, sulphuretted—g. Intoxicating, Nitrogen,
gaseous oxide of—g. Laughing, Nitrogen, gaseous
oxide of—g. of the Lungs, Gaz,  pulmonary—g.
Nitrous, dephlogisticated, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide
of—g. Oxygenated muriatic acid, Chlorine — g.
Oxymuriatic acid, Chlorine—g. Palustre, Miasm,
marsh—g. Paradise, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide  of
—g. Sulphuris, Sulphurous acid.
   GASCARILLA,  Croton  cascarilla.
   GASPING, Anhelatio.
   GASTEIN,  MINERAL WATERS OF.
 Gastcin or Gasteiner Wildbad is  in  the  Noric
 Alps Austria.   The waters are thermal.  Temp.
 106° to  118° Fah.  They  contain  sulphate  of
 sodii, chloride  of sodium, chloride of potassium,
 carbonate of soda, carbonate of  lime, magnesia,
 manganese, iron, Ac.
   GASTER, yaornp.   The  abdomen.  At  times,
 but rarely, the  uterus.  Also, the stomach, in
 particular; Hence:
   GASTERALGIA, Gastralgia.
   GASTERANAX, from yaornp, 'the abdomen,'
 and ava£, 'a king.' A name given by Dolaeus to
 a hypothetical  vital  principle, corresponding to
 the Archaeus of  Van  Helmont, the seat of which
 he placed in the lower belly.   See Bithnimalca.
   GASTERANGEMPHRAXIS,  Gasterangiem-
 phraxis.
   GASTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS,  Gasterangem-
  phrax'ia, Gustcremjihrax'ia.  Obstruction  of tbe
  pylorus ;  from yaornp, ' stomach,' ay^u>, ' I stran-
  gle,' and  tpippaeeo), ' I  obstruct.'—Vogel.   Also,
  and  properly, obstruction  or  congestion of the
  vessels of the stomach.
    GASTERASE,  Pepsin.
    GASTERASTIIENI'A,/m5ec?777fa«seuAr/>nVa
  seu Lax'itas ventric'uli; from yaornp, 'stomach,'
  and aootvtia, 'debility.'  Debility  of the stomach.
    GASTERATAXIA,  Embarras gastrique.
    GASTERECHE'MA,  Gaatreche'ma,  Son'itue
  stomach'icus;  from yaornp, 'the stomach,' and
  nxvp^i 'sound.'  Sound heard on auscultating or
  percussing the region of the stomach,.and referred
  to that organ.
    GASTEREMPHRAXIS,   Gasterangiem-
  phraxis.
    GASTERHYSTEROTOMY, Caesarean section.
    GASTRJ5'MIA, from  yaornp, ' the  stomach,
  and 'aipa, 'blood.'  Hyperaemia of the stomach.
    GASTRALGIA, Cardialgia.
    GASTRANEURYSMA, Gastrectasis.
    GASTRATROPH'IA, from yaomp, 'the sto-
  mach,' and arpoipia, ' wasting.'   Atrophy of the
  stomach.
    GASTRECHEMA, Gasterechema.
    GASTRECTASIS,  Gaetrecta'eia,  Gastraneit-
  rya'ma, Dihtta'tio ventric'itli: from yaornp, 'the
  stomach,'  and  tKraois, 'dilatation.'  Dilatation
  of the stomach.
    GASTRELCOBROSrS, Gastrobrosis ulcerosa.
    GASTRELCO'SIS,  Ulcenltio  seu Exulcera'tio
 . seu UP cera ventric'uli, from yaornp, 'the stomach,'
  and 'tXeiaois, 'ulceration.'   Ulceration of the sto-
  mach.   When accompanied with hectic,  it con-
  stitutes  Gaatrophthleie, Gaetroph'thoe.
    GASTRELYTROTOMIA,  see  Caesarean Sec-
  lion.
  GASTBENCEPIIALO'MA,   Gastromyclo'ma,
Gostromyelo'sis, Gastroencephalo'eis; from yaornp,
'the stomach.' and  tyKttpaXos, 'the brain.'  En-
cephaloid of the stomach.
  GASTRENPIIYTA, Stomach pump.
  GASTRENTERIC, Gastroenterieus.
  GASTREN'TERITIC, Gastroenteritic
  GASTRENTEROMALA'CIA. Gastrenteroma-
lax'ia, from yaornp, 'stomach,' tvrtpov 'intestine,"
and paXaKia,  'softening.'  Softening  of the sto-
mach and intestines.
  GASTREPATICUS, Gastrohepatic
  GASTREPATI'TLS,  Itiflamma'tio  ventric'uli
et hep'atie ; from yaornp,  'stomach,' and 'i,zap
'liver.'  Inflammation of the stomach and liver.
  GASTREPIPLOICUS,  Gastroepiploic.
  G A S T R E R E T IIIS ' IA ;  from  yaornp, ' sto-
much,' and tptdifa, ' I irritate.'   Irritation  of th«
stomach.
  GASTRIC, Gas'tricua;  from  yaornp, 'the sto-
mach.'  Belonging or relating to the stomach.
  Gastric Ar'teries are three in number, Ar-
te'ria gastro-epiplo'ica dextra, A. gaatro-epiplol-
ca ainie'tra, and A. corona'ria ventriculi.
  Gastric Juice, Succue  gas'tricua,  Men'atruum
seu Ferment'um Ventric'uli, (¥.) Sue Gaatriqite,
Gastric Acid. A fluid, secreted from the  mucous
membrane of the stomach.  As met with, it is a
mixture of the fluids secrete'd by that organ with
those of the  supra-diaphragmatic portion of the
alimentary canal.   Owing to such admixture, tbe
most contrary properties have  been  assigned to
it.   That such a fluid is secreted, which  concurs
powerfully in  digestion, is  evident  from many
considerations, and has been positively proved
by the author and numerous others.  It was found
by him to contain, in man  chlorohydric and acetic
acids.  The gastric fluid in cases of sudden death
sometimes corrodes and perforates the stomach ;
giving  rise to  interesting questions in  medical
jurisprudence.
   Gastric Nerves.   The two cords by which
 the pneumogastric nerves terminate, and which
descend on the two surfaces of the stomach; as
 well  as the  filaments of  the great  sympathetic,
 which accompany the gastric vessels.
   Gastric  Plexus,  Plexus corona'riua ventric'-
 uli.  A nervous net-work, formed  by the solar
 plexus.   It  accompanies  the Arteria coronaria
 ventriculi, and passes along the lesser curvature
 of the  stomach, to which  it gives .branches.
   Gastric Veins follow the same distributioiras
 the arteries,and open into the Venaporta abdominis.
   GAS'TRICISM,  Gastrieia'mna, from   yaornp,
 'the stomach.'  A name  by which is designated
 the medical  theory, that refers all, or almost  all,
 diseases to an accumulation of saburrae  in  the
 digestive passages.
    GASTRICITE. Embarras gastrique.
    GASTRILOQUE, Engastrimyth.
    GASTRILOQUIST, Engastrimyth.
    GASTRILOQUUS. Engastrimyth.
    GASTRIMARGUS, Glutton.
    GASTRINUM, Potash.
    GASTRISMUS, Gluttony, see Saburra.
    GASTRIT'IC, Gaatrilicua;  same etymon ai
 the rest.   Relating to gastritis.
    GASTRI'TIS, from yaornp, 'the stomach,'and
 itie, denoting inflammation.   Ventric'uli inflam-
 ma'tio,  Cauma seu Emprea'ma seu Cardialgia
^inflammato'ria, Febrie stomaeh'ica inflammato'ria,
 Inflamma'tio gastritis, I. ventric'uli sou stom'achi,
 Phleg'mone  ventric'uli, Inflammation of the  eto-
I mach,  (¥.)  Inflammation  de I'Estomac,  Gastritc,
  Catarrhe gastrique.  A disease, characterized by
 pyrexia;  great  anxiety;  heat and pain in the
| epigastrium, increased by taking any thing into
I the  stomach; vomiting  and  hiccup.  Gastritis
 may either be seated in the peritoneal or mucous 
GASTRO
416
GASTROMALAXIA
coat.  It is most frequently in the latter—Eao-
ijastrltia, Endogaatrltie, Guatromycoderi'tia, Gas-
tritie  muco'sa — being  excited directly by acrid
ingesta.  It requires the most  active treatment;
—bleeding, blistering, fomentations, diluents, Ac.
Smne degree of inflammation of the mucous coat
ol  the stomach was considered by the followers
of Broussais to be  present  in almost all fevers ;
and  the  various forms of  dyspepsia  have been
supposed b}' some to be nothing more than chronic
endogastrltie.
  Gastritis Arthritica, Coeliagra.
  GASTRO, from yaornp, 'stomach.'  In compo-
sition, relating or  appertaining to the stomach,
or bellv.
  G ASTRO-ARTHRITIS,  Gout —g.  Ataxia,
Dyspepsia—g. Atonia,  Dyspepsia—g. Bronchitis,
Fever, adenomeningeal—g. EntSrite intenee, Sy-
nocha—g. EntSrite, with nervous affection  of the
brain, see Typhus—g. Enteritis, follicular, Dothin-
enteritis ; see Typhus.
  GASTROBRO'SIS, Perfora'tio ventric'uli,
Gaetrorrhex'ie,  (¥.) Perforation  de VEstomac;
from  gaetro, and Qpiacis,  ' the  act  of gnawing.'
Corrosion and perforation of the stomach.
  Gastrobro'sis   Ulcero'sa,  Gastrelcobro'aie.
Destruction and perforation of the coats  of the
stomach by ulceration.
  GASTROCK'LE, 'from  gaatro,   and KnXn,  'a
tumour.' Hernia of the atomach. Hernia ventric'-
uli, (¥.) Hemic de VEstomac.  Hernia formed by
the stomach through the upper part of the linea
alba: a disease, the existence of which has been
doubted by many.   See Epigastrocele.
  GASTRO-CEPHALI'TIS; from gastro, KtipaXn,
' head,' and itie, denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
mation of the stomach  and head,—a not uncom-
mon concomitant of certain malignant fevers.
  GASTROCHOLOSIS, Fever, gastric.
  GASTROCNEME, Sura.
  GASTROCX'EMIA,  Sura.
  GASTROCNE'MII,  from  gastro, and  Kvnpv,
•the leg.'  The name  of  the two  fleshy masses
which occupy the posterior and superficial part
of the  leg, Gemelli;  (¥.)  GastrocnSmiene, Ju-
meaux de la jambe, BifSmoro-calcaniene—(Ch.;)
the two constituting the Gastrocne'mine exter'nne,
of English  anatomists.  These muscles are dis-
tinguished  into internal and external, which are
distinct above, but united at  their inferior ex-
tremity.  They-are long,  flat, and thick;  and
arise—the former from the posterior part  of the
outer condyle of the femur; the latter, from the
pasterior part of the inner condyle of the same
bone.   The aponeurosis,  which  unites   these
muscles below, joins with that of the Solaris, and
forms with  it, a large  tendon, which, under the
name Tendo Achillie, is inserted at the posterior
part of the calcaneum.   These muscles extend
the foot on the leg, and the leg on the  foot.  They
can, also, bend the leg and the thigh reciprocally
on each .other.  For the  Gaetrocnemiue internua,
see Soleus.
  GASTROCNEMIUM, Sura.
  GASTROCOELIACUS, Coeliac.
  GASTROCOELICUS, Coeliac
  GASTROCOLIC, see Epiploon, gastrocolic.
  GASTROCOLICA, Cardialgia.
  GASTROCOLFTIS, from  gaatro, and' kioXov,
'colon.'  Inflammation of the stomach and colon.
  GASTROCOLPOTOMIA, see  Caesarean  sec--1
tion.
  GASTRODID'YMUS, Gaatrod'ymue, Did'ymne'
Symphyogae'triua,  Peod'ymue;  from gaatro and
iiivpos,  'a twin.'   A monstrosity in which  twins
are united by the abdrtmen.
  GASTRODUODE'NAL,   Gaatroduodena'lia ;
from  gaatro, and  duodenum.   Relating  to the
rtomach and duodenum.                        [
  GASTRO-DUODENITIS, (F.)  Gnairo-duodS-
nite.  Inflammation of the stomach and bowels,
an affection, which figured largely in the system
of Broussais.  See Gastro-enteritis.
  GASTRODUODENOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-
meningeal.
  GASTRODYNE, Cardialgia.
  GASTRODYNIA, Cardialgia —g.  Flatulent*,
Colica flatulenta.
  GASTRO-ELYTROTOMIA, see Caesarean sec-
tion.
  GASTR0-ENTERAL'GIA,fromg'a8fro,«.r£pe»,
'intestine,'and aXyos,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the sto-
mach and intestines.
  GASTRO KNTER'IC,   Gaatroenter'iene,  Gaa-
trenter'ic, Guetrenter'icua, Gastro-intee'tinal, from
gastro, and tvrtpov, ' intestine.'  Relating to  the
stomach and intestine.
  G AST ROE NT E RITE, Gastroenteritis.
  G A S T R 0 E N T E R IT'IC, Gaetroenterit'icue,
Gaatrenterilic,  Gaatrenterit'icna;  samo  etymon
as the next.  Relating to gastroenteritis.
  GASTROENTERICS, Inflammatio ventric'-
uli  et Inteetino'rum, (¥.) Gastro-entSrite, Gaatro-
enter'ic  disease,  from gaatro,  tvrtpov, 'an intes-
tine,' and itie, a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.
Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine.
According to Broussais, the essential fevers of
authors  are gastro-enteritis, simple,  or  compli-
cated.
  GASTROEPIPLOIC, Gaatro-epiplo'icua, Gae-
trepiploicite, from gaatro and tntirXoov, 'the epip-
loon.'  That  which relates  to  the stomach and
epiploon.
  Gastroepiploic Arteries,  Ga8tric  inferior
arteriea,  are  two  in number, and distinguished
into right and left. The right, also called Gaatro-
hepat'ic, Gaa'trica infe'rior dextra, Gaetro-epip-
lo'ica dextra, is  furnished by the hepatic artery.
It descends behind the pylorus, and passes from
right to  left, along the  great  curvature of  the
stomach.  It gives branches  to  the pancreas,
duodenum, stomach, omentum majus, and termi-
nates by anastomosing with the Gaetro-epipfo'ica
sinis'tra, Gaa'trica sinie'tra seu  infe'rior sinis'tra.
This — the left—arises from the splenic artery.
•It is of considerable magnitude, and passes from
left to right, along the  great  curvature of  the
stomach, distributing its  branches  more  particu-
larly  to  the  stomach  and omentum  majus.  It
terminates by joining the right gastro-epiploio.
  Gastroepiploic Ganglions are the lymphatio
ganglions or  glands, situate  towards the  great
curvature of  the stomach, between the two ante-
rior laminae of the omentum majus.
  Gastroepiploic Veins are  distinguished, like
the arteries,  into  right  and left.  They empty
themselves; — the former, into the superior me-
senteric : the latter, into  the splenic vein.
  GASTROHJEMORRHAGIA, Haematemesis.
  GASTROHEPAT'IC,,Gaatro-hepat'icue, Hep'-
ato-gae'tricita, Gaatrepalicue;  from  gastro, and
'ntrap, nirarbs, 'the liver.'  Relating to the  stomach
and liver.  This  name has been given to several
organs.   See Epiploon, gastrohepatic, Ac.
  GASTRO HEPATITIS. Simultaneous inflam-
mation of the stomach and liver.
  GASTROHYSTEROTOMY, Caesarean section.
  GASTRO-INTESTINAL, Gastroenteric.
  GASTROLIENALIS,  Gastrosplenicus.
  GASTROLITHI'ASIS, from gaetro, and Xt$ta-
ots, ' formation of stone-'   The formation of con-
cretions, gaatrol'ithi, in the stomach.
  GASTROMALACIA, Gastromalaxia.
  GASTROMALAX'IA, Gaatro-mala'cia, Gae-
tromalaco'eie, Malacogae'ter, Malax'ie ventric'uli,
Diaeolu'tio  ventric'uli,   Emollil'io   ventric'uli,
Paeudophlogo'sie  ventric'uli reaolutlva et  colli- 
GASTROMANTIS           417                  GAZ
ment  de lEstomac,  from  gaetro, and  paXafo,
'softening.'   Softening of the  stomach, induced
at times by the gastric secretions  after death,—
Reaolu'tio ventric'uli autopep'tica.
   GASTROMANTIS, Engastrimyth.
   GASTROM'ELES, from gaatro, and ptXos, 'a
limb.'  A monster with one or  more supernume-
rary limbs on the abdomen.
   GASTROME'NIA,  from gaatro, and  pnv, 'a
month.' Vicarious  menstruation  from the sto-
mach.
   GASTRO-MENINGITIS, Fever, gastric.
   GASTROMETROTOMIA, Caesarean section.
   GASTROMYCODERIS, see Stomach.
   GASTROMYCODERITIS, see Gastritis.
   GASTROMYELOMA, Gastroencephaloma.
   GASTRONOSUS, Gastropathy.
   GASTROPARAL'YSIS, Gaatrople'gia, Paral-
 ysie  ventric'uli;  from gaetro,  and  7rapaWif,
 ' paralysis.'  Paralysis of the stomach.
   GASTROP'ATHY,  Gaetropathi'a,  Gaetron'-
 osus, Gaatronu'sus, from gaatro, and irados, ' dis-
 ease.'  Disease of the stomach.
   GASTROPERIODYN'IA;  Sool  (India.)  A
 violent periodical neuralgic pain at the pit of the
 stomach, not uncommon in Hindoostan.
   GASTROPHREN'IC, Gaetro-phren'icue, from
 gaatro, and ipptvts, 'the  diaphragm.'  Belonging
 to the stomach and diaphragm.
   Gastrophrenic Ligament is a reflection of the
 peritoneum, which descends from the inferior sur-
 face of the diaphragm to the cardia.
   GASTROPHTHISIS, Gastrelcosis.
   GASTROPHTHOE, Gastrelcosis.
   GASTROPLEGIA, Gastroparalysis.
   GASTROPYRA, Fever, gastric.
   GASTROPYRETUS, Fever, gastric
   GASTROR'APHY, Gaatrorrha'phia, Gaetror'-
 rhaphe, Sutu'ra  abdomina'lie,  from gastro, and
 paipn,  'a suture.'  The suture  used for  uniting
 wounds penetrating the abdomen,  when they are
 too extensive or too unequal to  be kept in contact
 by position, adhesive plaster, or appropriate ban-
 dages.  The interrupted and quilled sutures  are.
 those chiefly employed.
   GASTRORRHAGIA, Haematemesis.
   GASTRORRHEXIS, Gastrobrosis.
   GASTRORRHGE'A, from  gaatro,  and ptw, 'I
flow.'   Blennorrhea seu Fluxit8 ventric'uli, (¥.)
Flux muqueux de lestomac, Catarrhe stomacal.
A morbid condition  of the stomach, which con-
sists in the secretion of an excessive quantity of
mucus from the lining membrane.   Also, Coeliac
flux.
   GASTROSCIR'RHUS,  Indura'tio ventric'uli
erirrho'ea,  Scirrhus  seu carcino'ma  ventric'uli.
Scirrhous induration or cancer of the stomach.
   GASTROSCOPIA, Abdominoscopia.
   GASTRO'SES.  A generic name  for diseases
which are seated in the stomach.—Alibert.
   GASTROSPLE'NIC, Gaetroeple'nicue, Gaetro-^
liena'lie, from  gastro, and onXnv, 'the spleen.
Relating to stomach  and spleen.
   GASTROSTENOSIS, Stricture of the stomach.
   Gastrostenosis  Cardi'aca  et  Pylor'ica;
from  gaetro, and ertvos, 'narrow.'  Narrowness
of the cardiac and pyloric orifices of the stomach
from cancer of that organ.
  GASTROT'OMY, from gaetro, and ropn, 'inci-
sion.'  Several different operations have been so
called.  1. The Caesarean Section.   2. An inci-
sion made into the  abdomen for the purpose of
removing some internal strangulation or volvu-
lus, or to  reduce  hernia, Laparotomy: and, 3.
The opening made in the stomach, to remove a
       27
foreign body  which has  passed  into it  through
the oesophagus.
  GASTRYPERNEU'RIA,  from  gaetro,  \wtp,
'above,'  and vtvpov, 'a  nerve.'   Morbidly  in-
creased activity of the nerves of the stomach.
  GATEAU FEBRILE, Ague cake.
  GATEUX (¥.), fromgdter, 'to spoil.'  A name
given, in  the insane hospitals, and in the hospi-
tals for incurables and  the  aged,  in France, to
persons who are incapable of attending to them
selves, and have lost all sense of cleanliness.
  GATHERING, Abscess, Suppuration.
   GAT TIL IE R,  Vitex.
   GAUDIA F03DA, Masturbation.
   GAULTHE'RIA,  Gaulthe'ria  seu  Gualthe'ria
procum'bene,  Gautie'ra  repens,  Mountain  Tea,
Partridge Berry,  Berried Tea, Groueeberry, Deer-
berry, Spice berry, Tea berry, Red berry, Winter-
green, Red berry  Tea, Ground berry, Ground  ivy,
Ground  holly.  Hill  berry, Box berry,  Chequer
berry, (¥.) GaulthSrie, Palommier, ThS du  Ca-
nada, called after Dr. Gaulthier, of Quebec. Ord.
Ericaceae.  An American plant, which is one of
the principal articles of the materia medica of
some Indian  tribes.  The infusion of the leaves
is stimulant  and anodyne, and  is said to have
been used, with advantage, in asthma.  The oil
— Oleum Gaultheria, Ph. U.  S.,—is used, chiefly
on  account of its pleasant flavour, to cover  the
taste of other medicines.
   GAUNTLET, Gantelet.
   GAUQUAVA,  Smilax  China.
   GAUTIERA REPENS, Gaultheria.
  GAY FEATHER, Liatris spicata.
   GA YAC, Guaiacum.
  GAYLUSSACIA RESINO'SA, Vaccin'ihm re-
sino'aum,  Black Huckleberry.  Order, Ericaceae,
(called after the chemist,  Gay-Luaeac.)  An indi-
genous plant, whose fruit is sweet and agreeable.
The leaves and root, as well as those of Gaylus-
sacia Dumo'sa, Dwarf  huckleberry, and of G.
Frondo'sa, Blue tangle,  indigenous, are used in
decoction as astringents in diarrhoea, sore throat,
Ac.
  GAZ, Gae, Air.  Van Helmont first designated
by  this name, — the  etymology of which is  un-
known,— the carbonic acid developed in the vi-
nous fermentation.   Afterwards, the  term  was
appropriated to every permanently elastic fluid ;
that is, which preserves its aeriform state at all
temperatures ; and ultimately it was extended to
all  aeriform bodies; — which were divided into
permanent and non-permanent gazea.  The latter
are generally termed vapours: — they return to
the liquid state, when a portion of their caloric is
abstracted.  The  permanent gazes, or gazes pro-
perly so  called, are  numerous, and may be  di-
vided  into three  sections  with  regard  to  their
effects on the animal economy.

                  f Carbonic  acid, ammoniacal
                     gaz,chlorohydric acid gaz,
                     deutoxide of azote, nitrous
                     acid gaz, and chlorine.
2. Neqatively dele- f -n-  ,
  terious gales.    { Hydrogen, azote.
                  [ Oxygen, protoxide of azote,
3. Positively dele- J   carburettedhydrogen,car-
  terioue gazee.       borne  oxide, sulphuretted
         "           hydrogen, and arsemuret-
                  [  ted hydrogen.

  It is proper to remark that the term respirablu
has been very differently employed by different
writers.  Sometimes it  has meant  the power of
supporting life when applied to the  blood in the
lungs.  At others, all gazes  have been  deemed
irrespirable, which are incapable  of being intro-
1.  Ir
gazee. 
GAZ DES BALLONS       41
fluced into the lungs by voluntary efforts,—with-
out any relation to their power  of maintaining
vitality; and this is perhaps the best sense.  The
gazes were, at one  time, employed in medicine,
under great expectations,—especially by the en-
thusiastic  Beddoes; but they  are now scarcely
ever had recourse to.  They differ, considerably,
In their effects on  the animal  economy.  Some,
as oxygen, are  exciting^ others, as azote, de-
pressing ;  whilst others, again, as the Protoxide
of azote or laughing gas, produce the most sin-
ful ar effe cts
  GAZ DES  BALLONS, Hydrogen.
  Gaz, Pul'monary, Gaz of the  lunge.  A name
gived to the expired air; which contains—besides
common air, an increase of carbonic acid, water,
and some animal matter.
  Gaz Sang'uinis, Gaz anima'le san'guinis, Hal-
itus  seu Aura seu Vapor san'guinis,  Spir'itus
rorif'erae, Hamalmue.  The  halitus, or vapour,
given off by freshly-drawn blood.
  GAZEL, Ribes nigrum.
  GAZELLE, Antilopus.
  GEANT, Giant.
  GEANTISME, see  Giant.
  GEBARPULVER, Ergot,
  GEDE'OLA.  The  convex part of  the liver.—
Du Cange.
  GEILNAU, MINERAL WATERS OF.   Geil-
nau  is a village in  the grand duchy of Nassau, at
no  great distance  from  Frankfort.   The waters
contain carbonic acid, carbonate, sulphate, and
phosphate of soda, chloride of  sodium, carbonate
of lime, magnesia, and iron.
  GEISMAR, MINERAL WATERS OF.  The
mineral waters of  Geismar, in Bavaria, are aci-
dulous chalybeates.
   GEISUM,   ytioov,  Geison.   The part  of the
frontal bone over the eyes.
   GELAPPIl M, Convolvulus jalapa.
   GELASINI DENTES, Incisive teeth.
   GELASMUS, Canine laugh.
   GELATIG"ENOUS.   A  hybrid  term,  from
gelatin, and ytvoi or ytvvaoi, 'to engender.'   That
which forms gelatinous structure. Dr. Carpenter
restricts the term to substances yielding gelatin.
Tbe propriety of this may well be questioned.
   GEL'ATIN, Gelatine, Gelat'ina, Galreda, (F.)
 Gelatine, from (F.) GelSe, 'gelly  or jelly.'  From
(L.) Gelu, 'ice.'  An immediate animal principle.
It  is semitransparent, insipid, inodorous,  inso-
luble in cold water, very soluble in hot, which it
thickens,  and transforms into jelly  on cooling.
 Gelatin is a  nutritious  substance;  and,  when
 dissolved in  a considerable quantity  of water,
 forms an emollient fluid, much used in  therapeu-
 tics,  but  not  the  most  easy of  digestion.  Two
 forms of gelatin are admitted—the one glutin  or
 gelatin proper: the other chondrin.
   Gelatin of Wharton, Gelat'ina Whartonia'na,
 Jelly of the Cord.  A  soft, dense, fluid, gelatinous
 substance, which envelops the umbilical cord, and
 is conceived, by some, to be inservient to the nu-
 trition of the foetus.
   GELATINA  AQUATICA, Brasenia  hydro-
 peltis.
   GELATINE DES CARTILAGES,  Chondrin.
   GELATINIFORM MATTER OF THE IN-
 TESTINE, Albuminose.
   GELAT'INOUS, Gelatino'eue, (¥.) GSlatineux.
 Relating, or appertaining to, or  having the cha-
 racter or appearance of gelatin or jelly.  Viscid.
   Gelatinous Nerve-fibre,  see Nerve fibres.
   GELATIO, Congelation.
   GELDING, Castration.
   tiELEE, Gelly — g. c litre  le Goitre, Balsam,
'oduretted.
8              GENERATIO
  GELLY, Jelly,  Jtte gela'tum seu coagula'tum,
Gelu,  (F.)  GelSe.   Same  etymon.  A  substauee
of a soft consistence,  tremulous, and transparent,
which is obtained, by an  appropriate treatment,
from animal  and vegetable  matters: hence the
distinction  into animal and vegetable jelly.  The
former is merely a concentrated solution of gela-
tin, left  to cool.
  Vegetable Jelly is found in  the juice of the cur-
rant, mulberry, and of almost all acid fruits, when
ripe.  It is of itself colourless, but almost  always
retains a little colouring matter of the fruit which
has furnished it.   It has an agreeable  taste; is
scarcely soluble in cold water, but boiling water
dissolves it readily : the jelly is, however, almost
all deposited on cooling. If this aqueous solution
be boiled for a long  time, it becomes  analogous
to mucilage, and loses the property of being jel-
lied on cooling.
  GELSEM'INUM  NIT'IDUM, G. Sempervl-
rene, Bigno'nia sempervirens, Yellow Jes'samine.
The flowers, root, Ac, of this shrub of the South-
ern States, Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia, Nat.
Ord.  Apocyneae,  are narcotic, and the effluvia
from  the former  are said sometimes  to  induce
stupor.
  GELU, Gelly.
  GELUS, Risus.
  GEMELLI, Gastrocnemii, Ischio-trochanteri-
anus, Testicles.
  GEMEL'LUS,  Gem'inue,  'a twin,' Did'ymue,
(F.) Jumeau, Jumelle, Besson, Beeeonne.   One of
two children, twins, born at  the same  accouche-
ment, or gestation.  Also, relating to  twins, as
'a ftoin  conception.'
  Gemellus Mus'culus.  Cowper applies  this
name to the long  portion of the triceps brachialir
united to the inner portion.
  GEMINI, Ischio-trochanterianus, Testicles.
  GEMINUM CENTRUM SEMICIRCULARE,
Taenia semicircularis.
  GEMINUS, Gemellus.
  GEMIPOMA, Mamma.
  GEMISSEMENT, see Moaning.
  GEMMA, Granulation—g. Oculi, Crystalline.
  GEMMATION, see Generation.
  Gemmation, Generation  by, see Generation.
  GEMMIPARITE, see Generation.
  GEMMIPAROUS, see Generation.
  GEMUR'SA,  a corn;  also  a  name  given by
the ancients to a disease seated between the toes;
—the nature of which is unknown to us.
  GEN, Gen'eeie, 'generation,'  from ytvvau, 'I
make.'   Hence Hydrogen, Osteogeny, Ac
  GENA.  The Cheek, Genys, Parela, Gamphe,
 Gamphe'le,Gnatho8, Gnathmus, Mala, (Sc.) Wonge,
(F.) Joite.  The cheeks form the lateral parts of
the  mouth.  Externally,  they have no  precise
limits :  they are continuous, above, with the lower
eyelid;  below, they descend  as far as the  base of
the jaw; before,  they terminate  at the  alae nasi,
and at the commissures of the lips ; and  behind,
at the ear.  Their thickness varies, according to
the  degree of fatness of the  individual.  They
are formed of three  layers; — one dermoid, ano-
ther muscular, and the third mucous.
   GENCIVES, Gingivae.
   GENEANTHROPY, Anthropogenia.
   GENEI'AS, Lanu'go prima, Probar'bium. The
 downy  hairs,  which  first cover the cheek.  Also,
a bandage which passes under the chin.
   GENEION, Beard, Mentum.
   GENERAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy —g.
 Practitioner, Surgeon-apothecary.
   GENERALE,  Influenza.
   GENERATIO. Generation—g. vEquivoca, see
 Generation—g. Calculi, Lithia — g. Homogeuea, 
GENERATION             419                 GENIAN
see Generation —g. Primigena, see Generation—
g.  Pnmitiva, see  Generation — g.  Originaria, see
   A'™1™""8' sP°ntanea, see Generation.
   GENERATION, Genera'tio, Gen'esis, Genne'-
su, Gone, Gonus, Procrea'tio, Procreation, Breed-
ing, from  (L.) geno,  genere, genitum, ytvm, or
ytwau,,  'to  engender.'  Under this name physi-
ologists comprehend the aggregate of functions,
which  concur, in organized beings, towards the
production of their kind.  The act of generation
means the union of the sexes.  See Coition.  The
writers  of antiquity believed, that all organized
bodies are  produced either  by what is  termed
univ'ocal  or  regular  generation,   Homogen'esis,
genera'tio homogen'ea, propaga'tio, which  applies
to the  upper classes of animals and vegetables,
or by spontaneous generation,  Autogen'ia, hetero-
geileeie, generatio heterogen'ea seu aqiiiv'oca seu
primitlva seu primig"ena seu origina'ria seu
sponta'nea, spontSparitS (Duges), which they con-
sidered applicable to the very lowest classes only,
as the mushroom, the worm, the frog, Ac  There
are still many distinguished naturalists who con-
sider that beings, low in the  scale of animality,
are  produced in the  latter way.  Spontaneous
generation  and  equivocal generation have  been
regarded  by many to be synonymous.  Others,
however,  mean by spontaneous generation, the
production of a new being from the mere combi-
nation of inorganic elements; whilst by equivo-
cal generation they understand  the evolution of
a  new being from organized beings dissimilar to
themselves, through some  irregularity in  their
functicns, or through the incipient decay or de-
generation of their tissues.   As to the mode in
which  regular generation is accomplished, there
have been many views.  According to the  doc-
trine of Hippocrates, and of the ancient philoso-
phers,  the ovaries of the female furnish a prolific
fluid, similar to that of the male;  and the foetus
results from the mixture of the two seeds in cop-
ulation.   Steno and others conceived, that the
ovaries contain  ova, which  are  not developed
until vivified by  the male sperm.   Bonnet and
Spallanzani  believed  in  the  pre-existence  of
germs, created since the  origin of  the world, but
encased in each other, and becoming developed in
succession;  whence it would follow that the ovary
of the first female must have contained the germs
of all subsequent  generations: and that the num-
ber of these germs  must go on always diminish-
ing, until ultimately extinct.  This was the system
of the evolution of germs.  According to Leeuen-
hoek, the ovaries  do not contain eggs, but vesicles
destined to receive  animalcules;  which, in his
view, live in  the sperm.   Thousands  of these
animalcule's are  thrown  into  the  uterus  during
copulation, and the most expeditious and vigor-
ous reaches  the ovary, after having scattered and
destroyed its competitors.  Buffon — admitting
the hypothesis of the two seeds — supposed  that
they were formed of molecules proceeding  from
every part of the  body of each parent; and  that,
by a kind of elective affinity, those which  were
furnished by the  head, the  trunk, or the extre-
mities of the male parent, could only unite  with
those proceeding from  the  same parts  of the
female.  Before him, Maupertuis, admitting,  with
many of 'the ancient philosophers, tbe system of
Epigenesis, and adopting, as regarded the com-
position of the sperm,  a theory analogous to that
of Buffon, had supposed that the molecules, ca-
pable of being organized, were attracted towards
a  centre; that the nose attracts  the two eyes;
the body, the arms; the arms,  the hands,  Ac,
nearly as  the particles of a salt,  dissolved  in a
liouid, arrange  themselves in  regular crystals
around  the same nucleus.   These and various
other systems have  been successively proposed
and abandoned, and  the  mystery of generation
remains impenetrable.
   The simplest kind of reproduction does not re-
quire sexual organs.   The animal separates into
several fragments, which form so many new indi-
viduals.   This is Fissip'arous generation, Fiss'i-
pariem, G.from fiaaion, (¥.) FiesiparitS, Scissi-
paritS, Scie8ion, Cloieonnement,  Reproduction ou
Multiplication mSrismat^ue.  Gemmip'arousgene-
ration, (¥.) Gemmipar^W, GSnSration par Gemma-
tion, Surculation  ou Bourgeonnement, consists  in
the formation of buds, sporules or germs on some
part of the  body, which at a particular  period
drop off  and  form  as many new individuals.
These kinds  of reproduction require but one pa-
rent— Motiog"eny.   In   Ovip'aroue  generation,
(¥.) OviparitS, the egg is hatched out of the body.
In ovovivip'roue generation,  the  new  being  is
hatched in the excretory passages.   In vivip'a-
rous generation, the new individual is born under
its appropriate form ; and in mareu'pial or mar-
atlpiate generation, the young being, born  at a
very early stage of development, is received and
nourished in  a mareupium or pouch.  In  alternate
generation, (¥.) GSnSration alternante, the young
not only do not resemble the parent at birth, but
remain dissimilar  during their whole life, so that
their relationship is not apparent until a succeed-
ing generation.  Thus, the cercaria undergoes a
change into the distoma.  See Metagenesis.  All
these kinds of reproduction  require the  union of
sexes—Dig"eny.
   All the  acts comprising the function of genera-
tion in man may be referred  to five great heads.
1.  Copulation.  2.  Conception  or fecundation.
3. Gestation  or Pregnancy.   4.  Delivery or Ac-
couchement;  and,  5. Lactation.
   Generation, Act of, see Generation—g. Alter-
nate, see Generation,  and Metagenesis—g. Equi-
vocal, see Generation—g. by Fission, see Genera-
tion—g. Fissiparous, see Generation—g. by Gem-
mation, see  Generation — g.  Gemmiparous, see
Generation — g. Marsupial,  see  Generation — g.
Organs of, female, see Vulva—g. Oviparous, see
Generation—g.Regular, see Generation—g. Spon-
taneous, see  Generation—g. Univocal, see Gene-
ration—g. Viviparous, see Generation.
   GEN'EROUS, Genero'eus.   From  genus, gene-
rie, ' a race ;' generoeue, ' of a noble race, noble.'
A name  given to wines which  contain a greac
quantity of alcohol.
   GENESIAL, Genital.
   GENESIOL'OGY,  Geneaiolog"in, from ytvtots,
'generation,'and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  The doc-
trine of generation.
   GENESIQUE, LE, Appetite, venereal.
   GENESIS, Generation.
   GENET,   Spartium scoparium—g. d Balai,
Spartium  scoparium—g. dee Teinturiere, Genista
tinctoria.
   GENETHLI'ACUS, from  ytvtOXios,  'natal,'
'pertaining to nativity.' A name given by the an-
cients to certain astrologers,  who, from the  Btate
of the heavens at the  time of the birth of an in-
dividual, predicted his future character  and the
events of  his life.
   GENET'ICA, from ytvtots, 'generation.'  Dis-
eases of the  sexual  functions; the 5th  class is
Good's Nosology.  Also, agents  that act on tha
sexual organs.—Pereira.
   GENETICUS, Genital.
   GENEVA, Gin,  see Spirit.
   GENEVRIER, Juniperus communis—g. Oxy-
cldre, Juniperus oxycedrus.
   GENGIVITE, Ulitis.
   GEN I,  Genian.
   GE'NIAN,  Genia'nue,  Ge'nial, from ytvuovf
'the chin.'  The  Genian apoph'yeis or  Procese, 
GENICULATUM
420
GENTIANA
(F.) Apophyee gSnienne ou gSni. is situate at the
posterior part of  the .symphysis menti, and  is
formed of four small tnbercles.
  GENICULATUM, see Corpora geniculata.
  GENIE, Ge'nius.  The French sometimes ap-
ply  this  term to  dieasfs nearly synonymously
with nature; as GSnie  inflammatoire, G. bilieux,
G. adynamique.   Some^fce  it in  the same sense
as type: *<xSiiie intermitfmt.   The unwonted pre-
dominance of any mental faculty is also so called.
  GENIEN, Genian.
  GENIEVRE, Gin, Juniperus communis (the
berry.)
  GENIO, from ytvtiov, 'chin.'  In composition,
means relating or appertaining to the chin.
  G E N I'O G L 0 S S US, Genio-hyogtoe'sue, from
ytvtiov,  ' the chin,'  and  yXweea, ' the  tongue.'
Mesoglossus, Meaoglolt.ua,  Nonue lingua mue'cu-
lu8.   The  name  of a flat, triangular muscle,
which extends from the genian apophysis  to the
inferior surface of the  os hyoides and tongue,
which last it carries forward.
  GENIOHYODES, Geniohyoideus.
  GENIOHYOGLOSSUS, Genioglossus.
  GENIOHYOIDES, Geniohyoideus.
  GENrOHYOIDEUS,Gem'o%o'de»,GWonyot'-
dea, Mento-bicorileiu, from ytvtiov, 'the chin,' and
'votions, ' the os hyoides.'  A muscle which arises
from the genian apophysis, and is inserted at
the anterior part of the  body of the os hyoides.
Its  use is to raise the os hyoides,  and carry  it
forwards.  It may, also, contribute to depress
the  lower  jaw in  contracting towards  the  os
hyoides.
  GENFO-PHARYNGE'US, from  ytvtiov, 'the
chin,' and tpapvyi-, ' the pharynx.'  A name  given,
by some  anatomists,  to a bundle of fibres which
passes from the lower jaw to the sides of the pha-
rynx, and forms part of the conetrictor pharyngie
superior.
  GE'NIOPLAS'TY,<9Wop/or*'fice, from ytvtiov,
' the chin,'  and itXaoeut, ' I form.'  The operation
for  restoring the chin.  At times used instead  of
Genyoplasty, for the operation for restoring the

  GEN'IPA OBLONGIFO'LIA, Huito.  A plant
of Peru, with the juice of which the Indians paint
their legs, to protect them against the stings of
insects.
  GENIPI ALBUM.  Achillea  moschata,  Ar-
temisia rupestris — g. Blanc, Artemisia rupestris
—g. Verum, Achillea atrata.
  GENISTA, Spartium scoparium—g. Canarien-
sis, see  Rhodium lignum—g. Hirsuta, Spartium
scoparium—g. Scoparia, Spartium scoparium.
  Genis'ta Spino'sa lN'DiCA,2?arie; Schulli. Ord.
Leguminosae.  An oriental  tree, a  decoction  of
the roots of which  is diuretic.  The  leaves boiled
in vinegar have the same effect.—Ray.
  Genis'ta Tincto'ria, GenietoVdSe tincto'ria,
Spar'tium  tincto'rium,  Dyers'  broom or  weed,
Green weed,  Wood waxen, Woodwex, (¥.) GenSt
dee Teinturiere.  A shrub cultivated  in this coun-
try  and in Europe.   The flowering tops and seed
have been  used in  medicine.  It has the same
properties as Spartium  scoparium.
  GENISTOIDES  TINCTORIA, Genista tinc-
toria.
  GEN'ITAL, Genita'lis, Genet'icue, Generatio'ni
ineer'viena, Gene'aial, Gennet'icue. Same etymon
as Generation.  That which belongs or relates to
generation.
  Gen'ital Organs, Sex'ual Organs, Puden'da,
Natura'lia, Natu'ra, AZdoe'a, Me'zea, Me'ea, Mo'-
rion; Genital, Noble, Nat'ural or Private parts;
Priv'ities, Privy parte,  Privy Membere, the Parte,
Pare, Pare corporie  seu  obacce'na, Foree, Partee
genita'les sen generatio'ni inservien'tee seu obecoe'-
 na, Me'dea, Veren'da, Pedee, Inguen,  Genitalia,
 Gennet'ica, Gymna, Membra puden'da,  Or'gana
 generatio'ni ineervien'tia, 0. eexua'lia sen gei.ita'-
 lia,(¥.) OrganeegSnitaux,PartiesgSnitahs onhon-
 teusee ou gSnitoiree  ou  noblee ou sexuellee ou im-
 turellee, Lee Partiee, GSnitoiree.  The parts that
 are inservient to the reproduction of the species.
 These  are very different in the male and female.
 In  man, they are numerous; some  eecreting the
 eperm, as the  testicles and  their  appendages;
 others retaining it, as  the vesiculae  seminales;
 and another for carrying it into the organs of the
 female,—the  penis.  In the female, the parts of
 generation form an apparatus, perhaps more com-
 plicated than that of the male.   Some are inser-
 vient to  copulation, as the vulva,  vagina, Ac,
 others to conception and the preservation of the
 product for a determinate time, as the  uterus and
 its  appendages; whilst others concur in the ali-
 mentation of the infant after birth, as the mammae.
   GENITALE, Sperm—g. Caput, Glans.
   GENITALIA, Genital organs —g.  Viri, Pudi-
 bilia.
   GEN'ITO-CRURAL NERVE, Nervue gen'ito-
 crura'lie, Subpu'bial or Inter'nal in'guinal nerve.
 A branch  of the  second lumbar nerve, which
 passes through the psoas muscle, and, approach-
 ing the femoral arch, divides into two branches,
 —an internal, ecrotal, or gen'ital, nervus sperma-
 ticue seu puden'due exter'nus, and an external or
 femoral cutaneous branch, lumbo-inguinalis.
   GENITO- URINARY, see Uro-genital.
   GENITOIRES, Genital Organs.
   GENITU'RA.  That which is fecundated or
 engendered in  the  maternal  womb.  This word
 has been used synonymously with embryo, foetus,
 and infant Also, the sperm; and the penis.  See
 Gone.
   GENIUM, Mentum.
   GENNESIS, Generation.
   GENNETICA, Genital  Organs.
   GENNETICOCNES'MUS,  from  ytmnneos,
 ' genital,' and Kvnapos, ' itching.'   Itching of the
 genital organs.
   GENNETICON'OSI, Genneticonu'd from
 ytwnrtKos,  ' genital,' and  vooos, ' disease.'  Dis-
 eases of the genitals.
   GENNET'ICUS, Genital.
   GEN'OA, CLIMATE OF.  The climate of this
 Italian city and its vicinity has been often selected
 as  favourable for  the  phthisical valetudinarian
 during the winter ;  but  it is now admitted to be
 decidedly improper for pulmonary affections, be-
 ing subject to frequent and rapid changes of tem-
 perature, and to dry cold winds  from the north,
 alternately with  warm  moist winds  from  the
 south-east.—Sir James Clark.
   GENONU'SI, Morbi eexte, from ytvos, 'sex,'
 and vovoos, ' disease.'  Sexual diseases.
   GENOPLASTIC, Meloplastic.
   GENOS, Sex.
   GENOU, Genu.
   GENOUILLES, (Corpe,) Corpora geniculata.
   GENOUILLET, Convallaria polygonatum.
   GENRE, Genus.
   GENSANG, Panax quinquefolium.
   GENTIA,  Gentianina.
   GENTIAN, (from Gentius, King of Illyria, who
 used some species medicinally), Gentiana lutea,
 Triosteum—g. Blue, Gentiana catesbaei—g. Cates-
 bian, Gentiana  catesbaei—g. Horse,  Triosteum—
 g. White, Laserpitium  latifolium — g. Southern,
 Gentiana catesbaei—g. White, Triosteum—g. Yel-
 low, Gentiana lutea, see Calumba.
   GENTIANA, G. lutea —g. Alba, Laserpitium
 latifolium—g. Amarylloides, G. quinqueflora—gj
 Cachenlaguen,  Chironia  Chilensis — g.  Centau-
i rium, Chironia centaurium. 
GENTIANE JAUNE
421
GERANIUM
  Gentiana Catesb^'i; G.Cateabia'na, Blue Gen-
tian, Ph. U. S., Cates'bian  or Southern Gen'tian,
Bluebells,  Bitterroot.   Ord. Gentianaceae.  It is
a pure  and simple bitter,  and the root  may be
used wherever that  of  the  Gentiama lutea  is
proper.
rae'ta.  A  native  of India, which  has  been
much employed  in that country, in  dyspepsia,
and as an  antiperiodic in intermittents.  It  is
preferred by some to sarsaparilla, where  the lat-
ter is considered to  be indicated,—as  after large
quantities of mercury have been taken, or where
profuse salivation has been induced.   It has also
been advised in atonic leucorrhoea. It yields its
virtues to alcohol and water.
   Gentiana Crinita, see G. quinqueflora—g. Ge-
rardi, Chironia centaurium.
   Gentia'na Lu'tea.  The  systematic name of
the  officinal gentian ;  Gentia'na, G. major seu
vet'erum seu rubra, Swer'tia  lu'tea, Aete'riae lu'-
tea,  Yellow Gentian,  Felwort.  Ord.  Gentianeae.
 (F.) Gentiane jaune.   This is a plant common in
the  mountains of Europe.   The root is almost
inodorous, extremely  bitter, and yields its virtues
to ether,  alcohol, and  water.   It is tonic and
stomachic : and in  large doses, aperient.  Dose,
gr. x to ^ij.  It is  most frequently, however,
used in infusion or tincture.
   Gentiana Major, G. lutea—g.  Ochroleuca,
 see  G.  saponaria — g. Peruviana, Chironia Chi-
 lensis.
   Gentia'na Quinqueflo'ra, G. amarylloV dee,
 Five-flowered Gentian ; and Gentia'na Crini'ta,
 Fringed Gentian, indigenous,  are possessed  of
 like virtues.
   Gentiana Rubra, G. lutea.
   Gentiana Sapon'ria, Soapwort Gentian, and
 G. ochroleu'ca, Sampeon'e Snakeroot;  indigenous,
 have the properties of Gentiana lutea;  and are
 said also to be diaphoretic.
   Gentiana Veterum, G.  lutea.
   GENTIANE JAUNE, Gentiana lutea.
   GENTIANI'NA, Gentianine, Gentianin,  Gen-
 tia'nia, Gen'tia.  A supposed neutral substance,
 obtained  from gentian, and, by some, presumed
 to be its aetive principle.   It is not so.
   GENTILITIUS, Hereditary.
   GENU, Gony, yovv, (¥.) Genou.  The articula-
 tion of the leg with the thigh  ;—the Femoro-tibial
 or knee-joint, the knee.  It  is the most compli-
 cated in the body, and  is formed by  the inferior
 extremity of the femur, the superior extremity
 of the tibia, and the rotula.  The articular sur-
 faces of the bones are covered by layers  of cartU
 lage — more or less thick—and  by the  synovial
 membrane of the articulation.  The soft parts of
 this joint are,—the ligamentttm patella, two late-
 ral ligaments, distinguished  by the names inter-
 nal and external ; a posterior ligament, Ligamen'-
 tum poeti'cum Winelow'ii ; two crucial ligaments,
 —the one anterior, and the  other posterior; two
 interarticular fibro-cartilages ; some albugineous
 fibres, which form an imperfec^psule, Ac The
 knee receives its arteries  from the femoral and
 popliteal.   They bear  the name articular.  Its
 veins have the  same distribution as the  arteries,
 and discharge their  blood into the saphena and
 crural.   Its nerves are furnished by the sciatic,
popliteal, and crural.  The joint is protected  by
the tendons and muscles which surround it.
   The French use the term Articulation  en genou
<br a joint, in which the head of a bone is received
into a bony cavity  of another, where  it rolls and
-moves in  all directions.
   Genu Corporis  Callosi,  see Corpus callosum
—g. Varum, Entogonyancon.
  GENVGRA, Gonagra.
  GENUINUS, Legitimate.
  GENUS, (F.) Genre, ^collection or group of
species, analogous to each other, and which  can
be united by common characters.  When a spe-
cies cannot be referred to a known genus, it con-
stitutes a distinct one. ♦
  Genus Curationis, Ratio medendi.
  GENY, Genvs.    ffc
  GENYANTRAL'Gn^Trom ytvvs, 'the maxilla,'
avrpov, ' the antrum, and  uXyoy, ' pain.'   Pain in
the antrum of Highmore.
  GENYANTRI'TIS, from  ytvvs, ' the maxilla,
avrpov, 'the antrum,' and itie, denoting inflamma-
tion.   Inflammation of the antrum of Highmore.
  GENY ANTRUM. Antrum of Highmore.
  GENYOCYNANCHE, Cynanche parotidaea.
  GENYOPLASTY, see Genioplasty.
  GENYS, ytvvs, Genu,  ytvv,  'the jaw;' also the
chin.  See Gena.
  GEOFFR^l'A INER'MIS, Geoffra'a, G. race-
mo'ea  seu Piso'nis seu Jamaicen'sis, Vouacap'-
oua America'na, Geoffroy'a, Cabbag"ium, Andlra
inerm'is seu racemo'sa,  Cabbage Tree,  Cabbage
Bark Tree, Worm-bark Tree.   Ord. Leguminosae.
Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria.   The  odour of
the bark is very unpleasant.   It is  anthelmintic
and cathartic.  Dose of the powder, £)j  to ^ij.
  Geoffraea Jamaicensis,  G. inermis—g.  Piso-
nis, G. inermis—g. Racemosa, G. inermis.
  GeoffRjE'a  Surinamen'sis, Andlra Surina-
men'sis, has similar properties.
  Huttenschmidt has separated their active prin-
ciples, to which he has given the names Jamai-
cine and Surinamine.  They are all alkaline.
   Geoffraea Vermif'uga, Andira  ibai, Arriba,
 Skolemo'ra Fernambucen'sis;  a  South American
plant,  has a fruit,  the  almond of which, called
angSline, has a reputation at Rio  Janeiro  as a
vermifuge.   Dose, a grain to fifteen; or it  may
be  given in infusion.
   GEOFFROYA,  Geoffraea inermis — g. Jamai-
 censis, G. inermis.
   GEOG'RAPHY,  MED'ICAL,  Geogra'phia
3Ied'iea, Nosogeog'raphy, Noeogeograph'ia.  The
 description of the  surface of the globe as regards
the influence of situation on the  health,  vital
functions, and diseases of its inhabitants, vege-
 table  and animal; but  principally on  those of
 man.
   GEOPH'AGISM,  Geophag"ia,  Gaophag"ia,
 from yn, 'earth,' and tpaym, 'I eat.'  The act or
 practice of eating earth.  See Chthonophagia.
   GEORGIA,  MINERAL WATERS OF.   The
 water  of  Indian  Springe, in Butts  County,  is
 sulphureous.  The Warm Springe, in Meriwether
 County, have a temperature of 90° Fahr.  Madi-
 8on'8 Springs, in Madison County,  are  a chaly-
 beate; and  so are Rowland's Springs, in  Cass
 County.  All these are frequented by invalids.
   GER^EOLOG"IA,  Geratolog"ia,  from ynpas,
 ynparos, 'old age,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  The
 doctrine, or a description, of old age.
   GERAFLOURIS, Dianthus caryophyllus.
   GER'ANIS, from ytpavos,  'a crane,' which it
 resembled.  A bandage, used by the ancients in
 cases of fractured  clavicle.  Some authors  attri-
 bute it to Hippocrates;  others, to Perigenes.
   GERA'NIUM, same  etymon, because its pistil
 is long, like the bill of the crane.   Ord. Gerania-
 ceae.  The Crane's Bill.
   Geranium Cakolinianum, see G. Hobertianum
—g. Foetidum, G. Robertianum—g.  Maculatum,
 see Geranium, and G. Moschatum.
   Geranium Moscha'tum, Erod'ium Moschatum,
 (¥.) Bee de grue  muequS.   A European plant,
 esteemed to be excitant and diaphoretic.
   Geranium Noveborapense, G. Maculatum—
g. Purpureum, G.  Robertianum. 
GERAS                 422                 GIANT
  Geranium  Robertia'num,. G.  foe'tidnm seu j,
fHipu'reum, Stinking Cmne's Bill, Herb Robert,
(F.)  Herbe  d Robert,^ec de Grue Robertin.
This plant was, at one time, used as an antispas-
modic and  slight stimulant, as well as for an ex-
ternal application in various painful sores and
inflammations.
  Gera'nium Carolinia^jKI, has  similar proper-
ties.                  ^^
  Most of the species of geranium  have been used
as astringents.  In  some  of  the northwestern
parts of the United States, the  root of Gera-
nium macula'tum—Gera'nium,  (Ph. U.  S.) — G.
Noveboracen'se,  Spotted Crane's  Bill, Crowfoot,
Alum root,  Tormentil, Stork bill—is called Racine
d Becquet, after a person  of that name.   It is
highly extolled  by the Western  Indians  as  an
antisyphilitic
  GERAS, Senectus.
  GERgURE, Fissure.
  GERM,  Germen, Blasts, Blaste'ma, (¥.) Germe.
The rudiment of a new being, not yet developed,
or which is still  adherent to the mother.
   Germ Force, Plastic force.
  GERMANDER,   COMMON,   Teucrium cha-
maedrys—g. Creeping, Teucrium  chamaedrys—g.
Marum, Teucrium marum — g. Small, Teucrium
chamaedrys—g.  Water, Teucrium  scordium.
   GERMANDREE AQUATIQUE, Teucrium
eeordium — g. Maritime,  Teucrium  marum—g.
 Officinale, Teucrium chamaedrys  — g. Scorodone,
Teucrium  scordium.
   GERME FAUX, Conception, false.
   GERMEN, Germ, Sperm—g.  Dentale,  Dental
Pulp—g. Falsum, Mole—g. Spurium, Conception,
false.
   GER'MINAL, Ger'minative, Germina'lis, Ger-
minatlvus, (¥.) Germinatif;  from  germen,  a
 germ.  Relating or  belonging to  germ;  as " ger-
 m inal cell."
   Germinal Cell, see Cytoblast—g. Membrane
 and  Vesicle,  see  Molecule — g.  Nucleus,  see
Molecule—g. Spot, see Molecule—g. Vesicle,  see
Molecule.
   GERMS, DISSEMINATION OF, Panspermia
—g. Pre-existence of,  see Preformation.
   GEROBOS'CIA,  Gerontoboa'cia,  from ynpas,
 'old age,' and  0ooKn, 'food.' Nourishment or
 maintenance proper for the aged.
   GEROCOMEUM, Gerocomium.
   GEROCO'MIA,   Gerocom'ice,  Gerontocom'ice,
 from ytptav, ytpovros, 'an aged person,' and xopttv,
 'to  take care of.'   The part of  medicine whose
 object is the preservation of the  health of the
 aged:—the hygiene of old people.
   GEROCOMICE, Gerocomia.
   GEROCOMI'UM,  Gerocome'um,  Presbyodo-
 chlum,  Gerontocomi'um,  Gerotrophe'um.   Same
 etymon.   An hospital for the aged.
   GEROFLE,  see  Eugenia caryophyllata.
   GEROFLEE JAUNE, Cheiranthus  cheiri.
   GERONTATROPHIA, Marasmus senilis.
   GERONTOBOSCIA, Geroboscia.
   GERONTOCOMICE, Gerocomia.
   GERONTOCOMIUM, Gerocomium.
   GERONTO'PIA, from  ytpoiv, ytpovros, 'an old
 person,' and &>\J/, 'the eye.'  Weakness of sight
 of the aged.
   GERONTOTOXON, Gerotoxon.
   GERONTOXON, Gerotoxon.
   GEROTOX'ON,  Gerontox'on,  Gerontotox'on,
 Leuco'ma  Gerontotox'on,Mac'ula cor'nea arcua'ta,
 Arcua senilis;  from ytpmv, ytpovros, 'an old per-
 Bon,' and ro%ov,  'a bow.' A bow-shaped  obscurity
 at  the  under margin  of the cornea, common to
 old people.
   GEROTROPHEUM, Gerocomium.
   GEROTROPHIA, Geroboscia.
  GERSA, Plumbi subcarbonas—g. Serpentariee,
see Arum maculatum.
  GESIER, Ventriculus callosus.
  GESTA, 'things  done,' from  gerere, gestum,
'to  do,' 'carry.'  Acta.  A Latin  term,  intro-
duced by Halle into medical language, to desig-
nate, among the objects which belong to hygiene,
the functions  which consist in  the  voluntary
movements of muscles and organs.  In the class
Gesta are found eleep, the waking state, movemmits
or locomotion, and rest.
  GESTA'TION, Geeta'tio, Phora, from geetare,
gestatum, 'to oarry.'  The time during which a
female who has conceived carries the embryo in
her uterus.  See Pregnancy. Gestation, likewise,
signifies the bearing or carrying of an individual;
a kind of  exercise  easier than  that in which he
moves by  virtue  of his own powers.   Thus, we
speak of geetation on horseback, in a carriage, Ac.
  Gestation,  Protract'ed.   Pregnancy  pro-
tracted beyond the usual period. See Pregnancy.
  GESTICULA'TION, Geaticula'tio,  same  ety-
mon.  The act of  making many gestures;  a
symptom in disease, which indicates great ence-
phalic erethism.   It is  met with in numerous
affections.
   GETHYL'LIS SPIRA'LIS.  A South African
plant, A'af-  Ord. Amaryllideae,  the  orange-co-
loured fruit of which has a peculiar fragrance.
An infusion in spirit or tincture is used in flatu-
lence and colic.
   GEUM, G. rivale—g.  Caryophyllatum,  G. ur-
banum — g. Nutans, G. rivale — g. Palustre, G.
rivale.
   Geum Rivale, G. palue'tre  seu nutane,  Caryo-
phylla'ta aquat'ica  seu nutane, Benedic'ta eylves'-
trie. Water or Purple avene, Choc'olate root. (¥.)
Benoite aquatique ou dee Ruieeeaux.   Ord. Rosa-
ceae.   Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Polygynia.   The
root of this plant—Geum (Ph. U. S.)—is  astrin-
gent.  It has been much extolled in the cure of
intermittents, diarrhoea, hemorrhage, Ac.
   Geum Urba'num, G. caryophylla''turn,  Caryo-
 phylla'ta,  C. vulga'ris seu urba'na, Caryophyllus
vulga'ris,  Sanamun'da,  Lagophthal'mus,  Caryo-
 phylla, Janamun'da, Herba benedic'ta, Common
 avens, Herb Bennet, Yellow avene, Star  of the
 North, Blessed herb, (¥.) Benoite.  The root of
 this plant has a  smell not unlike that of cloves.
 Taste bitterish, austere; virtues yielded to water
 and alcohol.   It has been used in intermittents,
 dysentery, chronic  diarrhoea, debility, Ac.  Dose,
 gss to !|j of the  powder.
   Geum Vernum,  Western early avens,  has the
 same properties as
   Geum Virginia'num, White avens, Avens, Evan
 root, Choc'olate  root, Bennet,  Throat  root, Cure-
 all, (¥.) Benoite de Virginie, is common  from
 Maine  to  Carolina  and  Kentucky, flowering in
 June and July.   It has the same medical pro-
 perties as  Geum  rivale.
   GEUMA, Taste.
   GEUSION'OSI,  from  ytvais, 'taste,' and vooos,
 'disease.'  Geueionu'ei.  Diseases of the organ or
 sense of taste. -^-
   GEUSIS, Taste.   Rarely,  the root  of the
 tongue—Radix lingua.
   GEUTHMOS, Taste.
   GEZIB, see Pastinaca opoponax.
   GEZIT, Cagot.
   GEZITAIN, Cagot.
   GHERKIN, see Cucumis sativns.
   GHITTA JEMOCO, Cambogia.
   GIALAPPA, Convolvulus Jalapi.
   GIANT, Gigas,  (¥.) GSant.   One much above
 the ordinary stature; of excessive growth—Ma-
 croeo'mia, Macroeomat'ia, Magnitu'do gigante'a,
 (F.)  GSantisme. 
GIBBA                  42
  GIBBA, Hump.
  GIBBER, Hump.
  GIBBEROSITAS, Gibbositas.
  GIBBOS'ITAS,  Gibberoe'itae, Cypho'eie, Rha-
chio-cypiho'eie, from  (F.) Gibbeux, (L.) Gibbue,
gibboue,' something arched or vaulted: prominent'
Gtbbos'ity, Gib'bouaness, Curvature of theepine,Hy-
bo'ma.  A phenomenon which occurs in different
diseases, particularly in rickets and caries of the
vertebrae.  See Hump.
  Gibbositas Cariosa, Vertebral disease.
  GIBBOUSNESS, Gibbositas.
  GIBBUS, Hump—g. Pottii, Vertebral disease.
  GIBLETS.  According to Minsheu, from Gob-
bet, ' a mouthful' [?]; but, according to Junius,from
(F.) Gibier, 'game.'   The word seems  to be the
old (F.) Gibelez, Gibelet, Ac, i. e. Gibier, (L.) Ci-
barium, 'food,' (F.) Abuttis.  It means, generally,
the parts which are cut off from a goose before it
is roasted.   Also, the extremities of fowls, such
as the head, wings, feet;  to which are sometimes
added the liver, gizzard, Ac.   Soup,  made from
these, is moderately nutritious.
   GIDDINESS, Vertigo.
   GIDDY, Vertiginous.
   GIGANTEUS, Gigantic.
   GIGANTESQUE, Gigantic.
   GIGAN'TIC, Gigante'us, Giganto'dee, (¥.) Gi-
ganteaque.   Relating to  one  much above the or-
dinary stature.
   GIGANTODES, Gigantic.
   GIGARTINA HELMINTHOCHORTON, Co-
rallina Corsicana—g. Lichenoides, Fucus  amyla-
ceus.
   GIGARUS SERPENTARIA,  Arum dracun-
culus.
   GIGAS, Giant.
   GILARUM,  Thymus serpyllum.
   GILEAD, BALM OF, see Amyris opobalsamum.
   GILET DE FORCE, Waistcoat, strait.
   GILL, Glechoma hederacea.
   Gill-Go-by-ground, Glechoma hederacea.
   GILLA  THEOPHRASTI, Zinci sulphas —g.
Vitrioli, Zinci sulphas.
   GILLE'NIA STIPULA'CEA,  Small-flowered
In'dian Phyeic has the same properties as
   Gille'nia Trifolia'ta,  Spira'a   trifolia'ta,
 Common Gille'nia, Indian Physic,  Western Drop-
wort, Indian Hippo, Ip'ecac, Bowman's root, Mea-
dow  sweet,  Beaumont  root, (¥.) GillSnie.   Ord.
Rosacea?.   Sex.   Syst. Icosandria  Pentagynia.
The  root of this  shrub,  and  of G. stipulacea —
Gille'nia, (Ph.  U.  S.) — which grows plentifully
in  the  United  States, is a safe and efficacious
emetic,  in  the  dose  of about 30 grains.   It re-
sembles ipecacuanha in its properties.
   GILLENIE, Gillenia trifoliata.
   GILLIFLOWER, Dianthus caryophyllus.
   GILLON, Viscum album.
   GIM'BERNAT'S   LIGAMENT.    A fibrous,
triangular expansion, which is detached from the
posterior and inner part of the crural  arch, and is
inserted into the crest of the pubis.   This liga-
ment forms  the inner part of the superior aper-
ture  of the  crural canal.  It is one  of the most
frequent causes of strangulation in crural hernia.
   GIN, Hollands, Gene'va, (¥.) Genilvre.  This
spirit, which is distilled from com and juniper
berries, or  from  some  substitute for them,  is
largely  used in Great Britain, and is extremely
detrimental, to  the lower classes particularly.  It
possesses the properties of other spirituous liquors,
but is diuretic,  and, in popular medicine, is more
used than other varieties,  in cases of colic or intes-
tinal pain of any kind. Schiedam Schnapps is under-
stood to be  Hollands  of good quality.   See Spirit.
  Gin  Drinker's  Liver, Liver, nutmeg —g.^
Liver, Liver, nutmeg.                          j
  QINGEMBRE, Amomum zingiber.           I
3             GLADIOLUS

  GINGER, Amomum zingiber.
  Ginger Beer Powder, see Amomum zingiber.
  Ginger, Garden, Capsicum—g. Indian,Asarum
Canadense—g. Jamaica, concentrated essence of,
see Amomum zingiber — g. Preserved, see Amo-
mum zingiber—g. Wild, Asarum Canadense.
  GINGIBRA'CHIUM, from gingiva, 'the
gums,' and brachium, 'the arm.'  A  name given
to the scurvy, becauMpthe gums and arms are
chiefly affected by it.  It has also  been called
Gingipe'dium,  because  the lower limbs are in
many cases the seat of scorbutic spots. See Por-
phyra nautica.
  GINGIPEDIUM,  see   Gingibrachium,  Por-
phyra  nautica.
  GINGI'ViE, from gignere, 'to beget,' because
the teeth are, as it were, begotten  in them. [?]
The gums,  ovXa,  U'la, Carnic'ula, (¥.) Gencirea.
The portion  of  the  mucous  membrane of the
mouth which covers the  maxillary bones to the
level  of the alveolar  arches.   The gums are
formed of a red tissue, more or less solid, and of
a fibro-mucous nature, which adheres strongly to
the necks of the teeth, and transmits,  between
the roots and their alveoli, a very  thin expan-
sion,—the  alveolo-dental  perioeteum. The gums
fix the teeth and  contribute greatly  to their soli-
dity.   In the  aged, after the  loss of the teeth,
they become  fibrous and very solid,  and are  in-
servient to mastication.
   GINGIVA'LIS, Ulet'icue,  U'licue; from gin-
giva, 'the gums.'  Relating to the gums.
   GING'LYMOID, GiiiejlymdVdeue, Ginglymo'-
dea, from yiyyXvpos, 'aginglymus or hinge,' and
ttios, 'resemblance.'  Resembling a ginglymus or
hinge.  An epithet applied to joints which  re-
semble a hinge, as a giuglymoid joint.
   GIN'GLYMUS, Cardinamen'tum,  Cardo,  'a
hinge.'  (F.) Charnilre, Articulation  encharnilre.
A species of diarthrodial articulation, which only
admits of motion in two  directions, like a hinge,
—as the knee-joint or elbow-joint.
   GINSENG, Panax quinquefolium—g. Asiatic,
Panax Schinseng—g. Blue, Caulophyllum thalic-
troides—g. Yellow, Caulophyllum thalictroides—
g. Horse, Triosteum—g. White, Triosteum.
   GIRAFFE, Dengue.
   GIRARD-ROUSSIN,  Asarum.
   GIRDLE, Cingulum.
   GIRL.  This  seems, formerly, to have been
an  appellation common  to  both sexes.  Many
etymologists deduce the word from the Su. Goth.
Karl, 'a man.'   It means a young female, (L.)
Filia, from ipiXttv, ' to love.'  (F.) Fille.
   GIR OFLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata.
   GIRO FLEE  JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri.
   GIR OLE, Sium sisarum.
   GIR ON, Arum maculatum.
   GIRSLE, Cartilage.
   GISN, Anhelatio.
   GISSA, Cynanche parotidaea.
   GIZZARD, Ventriculus callosus.
   GIZZEN, see  Parturition.
   GLABELLA,  Mesophryon.
   GLABELLAD, see Glabellar.
   GLABEL'LAR, from glabella, 'the space  be-
tween  the  eyebrows.'   An epithet for an aspect
towards the glabella.—Barclay.  Glabellad is used
adverbially by the same writer to  signify 'to-
wards the glabellar aspect.'
   GLABRITIES, Calvities.
   GLACE, Ice.
   GLAClALE,  Mesembryanthemum crystalli-
num.
   GLACIALIS  HUMOR, Crystalline.
   GLACIES, Ice.
  GLADI'OLUS,diminutiveofg'?adi'««, 'a sword,
from the sword-like shape of its leaf.   Maehaerion
—g. Cseruleus, Iris Germanica. 
GLADIUS                 424              GLANDULAR
  Qladi'olus  Commu'nis, G.  vulga'ris,  Vido- jl
via'lis rotun'da seufiemine'a, Cornfiag,( ¥.) Glayeul. ||
Ord. Iridiae.-  The  root of this plant  has been ;i
considered aphrodisiac.  Applied in  cataplasms, i
it has been extolled against scrofulous tumours.  I
  Gladiolus Luteus, Iris pseudacorus—g. Vul-
garis, G. communis.
  GLADIUS, Penis.
  GLAMA, Lippitudo, O^pssie.
  GLAND,  Glan'dula, Gran'dula, (diminutive of
glans,' an acorn, a kernel.') Aden.   The ancient
anatomists gave this name to a number of organs
of a texture  generally soft, and a shape more or
less globular, but differing greatly in  their nature
and  functions.   They applied  it, for instance, 1.
To those organs which  separate  from the blood,
any  fluid whatever.  When such organs were
composed of several lobules, united by common
vessels,  they received  the name  conglomerate
glands,  as the  parotid, pancreas, Ac.  2. To  the
reddish  and spongy, knot-like bodies, which are
met with in the course of  the lymphatics.  These
they  called conglobate glands; — see Ganglion,
(lymphatic;) and 3dly and lastly, to various other
organs, whose intimate texture and functions are
still unknown, as  the  Pineal gland,  Pituitary
gland, Glands of Pacchioni, Thyroid gland, Thy-
mus gland,  Supra-renal  glands, Ac  Chaussier
restricts the word gland to those softish, granular,
lobated organs, composed of vessels, and a parti-
cular texture, of  which there  are in the  human
body, the lachrymal, salivary,  and mammary, the
teeticles, the liver, pancreae, and kidneye.  These
permanent glande, or glande with permanent ducte,
are all destined to draw from the blood the mole-
cules necessary for  the formation of new fluids,
and to  convey these fluids  externally, by means
of one or more excretory  ducts.  Several glands,
besides their excretory ducts, have especial reser-
 voirs, in which the  fluids, secreted by them,  col-
 lect, remain for a greater or less space  of time,
 and undergo slight modifications before being
 evacuated;—such are, the gall-bladder  for the
liver, the urinary  bladder for the kidneys,  Ac
 Each gland has  an organization peculiar to it,
 but we know not the intimate  nature of the glan-
 dular texture.—Malpighi believed that  the  ves-
 sels terminate in small, solid masses, to which he
 gave the name—glandular grains or aet'nt.   In
 these, he considered, the excretory ducts originate.
 Ruysch thought that the  glands are entirely  vas-
 cular, and that the  excretory ducts  are  immedi-
 ately continuous with the vasa  afferentia, Ac   The
 best view, perhaps, is, that the exhaling or secre-
 ting vessel is distributed on the animal membrane,
 which forms the  blind extremity of the excretory
 duct, and that the secretion is effected through
 it by means of cells.
   The term glande (¥.) is  sometimes appropriated
 to the tumour formed by inflammation or engorge-
 ment of a lymphatic ganglion.
   GLAND, Glans—g. Accessory, of the Parotid,
 see   Parotid — g.  Anteprostatic, see  Cowper's
 glands—g. Blood, see Ganglion—g. Globate, Con-
 globate gland — g.  Prostate,  Prostate — g. Sali-
 vary, abdominal, Pancreas.
   GLAND AGE, Adenophyma.
   GLANDE, Gland — g. Thyroide, see Thyroid
 gland—g. Vulvaire conglomSrSe, Cowper's glands
 in the female—g. Vulvo-vaginale, Cowper's glands
 in the female.
   GLANDERS, Equinia—g.  Farcy, see Equinia.
   GLANDES   BRONCHIQUES,   Bronchial
 glands—g.  CSrumineueee,  Ceruminous glands—g.
 ConglobSee, Conglobate glands — g. de Cowper,
 Cowper's glands in the. female—g. de Croieeance,
 Waxing  kernels—g.  de  LittrS, see  Sebaceous
 dands—g. de Meibomius,  Meibomius, glands  of— |
g. de MSry, Cowper's glands in the female—g. de
Pacchioni, Pacchioni, glands of.
  GLANDIFORM  CORPUSCLE, Acinus —g.
ganglion, see Ganglion.
  GLANDIUM, Thymus,
  GLANDS, see Quercus  Alba —g.  Accessory,
Cowper's glands—g. Aggregate, Peyeri glandula?
—g. Agminated, Peyer's glands—g. Aporic, Gan-
glions, glandiform — g. Blind, Ganglions, glandi-
form—g. of  Bartholinus, Cowper's glande in  the
female — g. Brunner's, see Brunner's glands — g.
Cowper's, see Cowper's glands—g. Diapnogenous,
see Perspiration — g. Ductless, see Ganglion—g.
of Duverney, Cowper's glands in the female—g.
Havers's, Synovial glands—g. Lenticular, Lentic-
ulares glandulae — g. Lieberkiihn's, Lieberkiihn's
glands,  see  Intestine — g. Miliary,  Sebaceous
glands—g. of Naboth, Nabothi Glandulae—g. Oil,
Sebaceous glands — g. of Pacchioni.  Glandulae
Pacchioni—g. Permanent, see Gland—g. Peyer's,
Peyeri glandulae—g. Renal, Capsules, renal — g.
Sebaceous, see Sebaceous  glands — g.  Solitary,
Brunner's glands—g. Sudoriparous, see  Perspira-
tion—g. Sweat, see Perspiration.
   Glands, Tem'porary, Glande  without perma-
nent  orifices.   Glands, that consist of a  single
primary vesicle or  sacculus, which, having ela-
borated  a secretion in its  interior, bursts, dis-
charges  it, and disappears.  The Graafian vesi-
cles and the gland cells afford examples of these.
   Glands of Tyson, Sebaceous glands  of  Tyson
— g. Vascular, see Ganglion ^—g. of  Vesalius,
Bronchial glands—g. of Willis, Albicantia corpo-
ra, Mammillary tubercles.
   GLANDULA,  Gland—g. ad Aures, Parotid—
g. Avicennae,  Encystis — g. Bartholiniana, Sub-
lingual gland—g. Basilaris, Pituitary gland — g.
Colli, Tonsil — g. Innominata Galeni, Lachrymal
gland—g. Lacrymalis, Lachrymal gland—g. Lac-
tifera, Mammary gland — g. Mucosa, Conglobate
gland — g. Pinealis, Pineal gland — g.  Pituitosa,
Pituitary gland—g. Riviniana, Sublingual  gland
— g.  Salivalis abdominis, Pancreas — g. Socia
Parotidis, see Parotid—g. Thymus, Thymus—g.
Thyreoidea, Thyroid gland.
   Glandulae AciNOSjE,see Acinus—g. Agrninatee,
Peyeri glandulae—g. Articulares,  Synovial glands
—g. Assistentes, Prostate—g. Brunneri, Brunner's
glands—g. Cervicis uteri,  Nabothi glandulae—g.
Coronae penis, see Sebaceous glands—g. Cowper's,
 Cowper's glands — g. Durae matris, G.  Pacchioni
—g. Durae meningis, G. Pacchioni—g. in Agmen
 congregatae intestinorum, Peyeri glandulae — g.
 Intestinales, Peyeri glandulae — g. Lieberkiihni-
 anae, Lieberkiihn's glands—g. Littrianae, see Se-
 baceous  glands — g.  Meibomianae,  Meibomius,
 glands of—g. Mucosae coagm-inatae intestinorum,
 Peyeri glandulae — g.  Muciparae  racematim con-
 gestae intestinorum, Peyeri glandulae — g.  Myrti-
 formes,  Carunculae myrtiformes — g. Odoriferaa
 glandis,  see  Sebaceous  glands  — g.  Odoriferaa
 penis, see Sebaceous glands—g. Odoriferae Tysoni,
 see Sebaceous  glands — g. Pacchioni, Pacchioni,
 glands  of— g. Peyerianae, Peyeri glandulae — g.
 Plexiformes, Peyeri G.—g. Prostatae mulierum,
 see Corpus  glandulosum mulierum—g. Sebaceae
 ciliares, Meibomius, glands of—g. Sebaceae glan-
 dis, see Sebaceous glands—g. Solitariae, Brunner's
 glands —g. Spuriae, Peyeri glandulae, Ganglions,
 glandiform—g. Sudoriferae, see  Perspiration—g.
 Suprarenales,  Capsules, renal — g.  Tubulosae, see
 Tubular—g. Tysoni, Sebaceous glands  of  Tyson
 — g. Uterinae, Utricular glands — g.  Utriculares,
 Utricular Glands — g.  Vasculosae,  Conglomerate
 glands—g. Vesalianae, Bronchial glands.
   GLANDULAIRE,  Glandular.
•   GLAND'ULAR,  Glandula'rie,  Glandulo'eut,
 (F.)  Glandulaire, Glanduleux.   Having the ap» 
GLANDULE              425               GLOBULE
 pearance, form, or texture of Glande; as a glan-
 dular body, a glandular texture, Ac.

 Kidne"NI)ULAR  SuBSTANCE 0F TUE  Kidney, see

   GLANDULE OF MALPIGHI,  see  Corpora
 Malpighiana.                             r
   GLANDULEUX, Glandular.
   GLANDULO'SO-CARNEUS.   Ruysch gives
 this epithet to fleshy excrescences which he found
 in the bladder.
   GLANDULOSUS, Glandular.
   GLANS, genitive glandie, (< an acorn.') Bal'a-
 nue,  Cyttaroe,  Cuepie,  Caput, C.  Penie, Genita'le
 caput, (h.) Gland.  The extremity of the penis
 and of the clitoris.  The glane penie is of a coni-
 cal, slightly flattened  shape.  It is continuous
 with the urethra, which opens at its apex;  and
 is circumscribed by a projecting  edge, called the
 Coro'na glandie, behind  which is  a depression.
 Collum seu Sulctie retroglandula'rie.  It is covered
 by a thin mucous membrane, is furnished, at its
 base, with  sebaceous  follicles, called glan'dula
 odorif'era  Tyso'ni, the secretion from which is
 termed Smegma prepu'tii ; and can, almost always,
 be covered by the reflection of the skin, called the
 prepuce. Lastly, it is formed of a spongy texture,
 susceptible of being thrown into erection.
   Glans, Bronchocele,  Pessary, Suppository.
   Glans Clitor'idis is  smaller.  It is  imper-
 forate, and  likewise covered with a sort of pre-
 puce formed by the mucous  membrane  of  the
 vulva.
   Glans Jovis Theophrasti, Fagus castanea—
 g. Ulnae, Olecranon—g. Unguentaria, Guilandina
 moringa, Myrobalanus.
   GLAREA, Gravel.
   GLASS, Vitrum.
   GLAUBER'S  SALTS,  Soda, sulphate of.
   GLAUCEDO, Glaucoma.
   GLAUCO'MA, from  yXaveos,  'sea-green.'
 Glaueo'eie, Glauce'do, Catarac'ta glauca, Oc'idue
 ca'eiue,  Ca'eiue, Phtharma glaueo'ma, Parop'eie
 glaueo'eie,  Apoglauco'eie.    Amongst the  older
 pathologists, this word  was used synonymously
 with  cataract.   It  is now ordinarily applied  to
 opacity of the vitreous humour or of the tunica
 hyaloidea,  which manifests itself by a grayish,
 or  greenish  spot, apparent  through the pupil.
 The diagnosis is generally difficult; and the dis-
 ease is almost always incurable.
   Glaucoma Woulhousi, Cataract.
   GLAUCOSIS, Glaucoma.
   GLAYEUL,  Gladiolus  vulgaris—g. Puant,
 Iris foetidissima.
   GLECHO'MA HEDERA'CEA,  G.  hireu'ta,
 Nep'eta  glecho'ma, Heder'ula, Chamacle'ma,  C.
 hedera'cea,  Oalamin'tha hedera'cea,  Calamin'ta
 humil'ior, Chamacie'eue, Hed'era terree'trie, Nep'-
 eta glecho'ma,  Panace'a  pec'torie,  Ground-ivy,
 Gill, Gill-go-by-ground,  Alehoof Robin runaway,
 (¥.)  Lierre terreetre,  Terrette,  Rondote, Herbe
 Saint-Jean.   This plant—Ord. Labiatae—has a
 strong smell, and a bitterish, somewhat aromatic,
 taste.  It has been  considered expectorant  and
 tonic
  GLECHOMA HIRSUTA, G. hederacea.
  GLECHON, Mentha pulegium.
  GLECHONI'TIS.  Wine,  impregnated with
 the Glechon, yXnxu)V> men*ha pulegium or penny-
 royal.
  GLEEING, Strabismus.
  GLEET, see  Gonorrhoea.
  GLEME,  Chaeeie, Lippitudo.
  GLENE, yXnvn. The pupil.  The anterior part
of the eye.   The eyeball.   The eye.   According
to some, the crystalline lens. Also, a glenoid
oavity.
  GLENGORE, Syphilis.
  GLENGOUR, Syphilis.
   GLENITIS, Phacitis.
   GLENN'S  SPRINGS,  see South  Carolina,
 Mineral waters of.
   GLENOID, Glene.
   Gle'noid, Glenoid'al,  Gleno'ida'lia, Gleno'i'des,
 Gleno'dee, GlenoVdeue, from yXnvn, and tt&os, 're-
 semblance.'   (F.) GISnoide,  GISnoidale,  GlSnn'i-
 dien.  Any shallow, articular cavity, yXnvn, glene,
 which receives the hea*d of a bone; such as, 1.
 The glenoid cavity or fossa of the scapula, Fossa
 gleno'idea, Omocot'yle, Acdab'ulum hu'meri, Cav'i-
 tae  hu'meri  gleno'idee,  Entypo'sis, is situate  at
 the  anterior angle of the scapula;  and is arti-
 culated with the head of the humerus.  2.  The
 glenoid cavity or fossa of the temporal bone.   It
 is seated between the two roots of the zygomatio
 process, and receives the condyle of the lower
 jaw.
   Glenoid Lig'ament, (F.) Ligament GlSno'idien,
 is a fibro-cartilaginous  ring  or bourrelet, which
 seems formed by the expansion of the tendon of
 the long head of the  biceps brachialis, and sur-
 rounds the glenoid cavity  of the  scapula, the
 depth of which it increases.
   GLENOtDALE, Glenoid.
   GLEYED, see Strabismus.
   GLIADINE, Haematin.
   GLISCHRAS'MA, Glie'chrotee, from yXioxpai-
 vo>, (yXta, 'glue,') 'I become glutinous.'   Leu*".,
 viscidity. — Hippocrates.
   GLISCHROCH'OLUS, from yXtoXf,os, 'viscid,'
 and x°*n> ' bile.'  An epithet for excrement which
 is glutinous and bilious.
   GLISCHROTES, Glischrasma.
   GLISOMARGO, Creta.
   GLISSEMENT DU LAMBEAU, see Flap.
   GLISTER, Clyster.
   GLOBE, Bandage  (head)—g. of the Eye, see
 Eye—g. Flower, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Trol-
 lius laxus.
   GLOBULAIRE  PURGATIVE,  Globularia
 alypum.
   GLOBULA'RIA AL'YPUM, Globula'ria, ■
 Montpellier Turbith, (¥.) Globulaire purgative,
 Turbith blanc.   Ord.  Globulariae.   The leaves
 of this plant are bitter, and  have  been used in
 intermittents and in constipation.   See Alypon.
   GLOB'ULE, Glob'ulue, Spha'rion, Spha'rula.
 A small globe.
   Globules  op  the  Blood, Blood  globules,
 Blood-corpuaclea,   Blood-diek8,  Blood-veaiclea,
 Glob'uli seu Vesic'ula seu Spha'rula seu Foliic'-
 uli seu Corpne'cula seu Cellula seu Partic'ula sen
 Gran'ula ean'guinia, (¥.) Globulee du aang, Dis-
 quea aanguine, are small, circular bodies, which
 are particularly observable when the transparent
 parts  of cold-blooded  animals are examined by
 the aid of the  microscope; and are  met with  in
 the blood of all animals.  They are  circular  in
 the mammalia, and elliptical in birds and cold-
 blooded animals;  are  flat in all animals, and
 generally composed of a central nucleus enclosed
 in a membranous sac  Chemically, they consist
 of haematin and globulin—hamato-globulin.  TLe
 chemical composition of the  nucleus, where it
 exists,—it does not in man,—has been by some
regarded as fibrin;  by  others, as fat;  and  by
others, again, as a species of horn, to which the
name nuclein has been given.

           Size op the Globules.

 Sir E. Home and Bauer, with 1 1.1700th part of
  colouring matter...............j     an inch.
 Eller..................................  1.1930
 Sir E. Home and Bauer, with-)
  out colouring matter........./J
Muller................................  1.2300 to  1.3500
Mandl................................  1.2625 to  1.3150
1.2000 
GLOBULE  VARANT1US     426        GL0SS0-EP1GL0TTIC
 Hodgkin, Lister, and Rudolphi, 1.3000
 Sprengel,.............................. 1.3000 to 1.3500
 Cavallo................................. 1.3000 to 1.4000
 Donn6................................. 1.3150 to 1.3280
 Jurin and Gulliver.................. 1.3240
 Blumenbach and Senae............ 1.3330
 Tabor.................................. 1.3600
 Milne Edwards...................... 1.3900
 Wagner................................  1.4000
 Kater...................................  1.4000 to 1.6000
 PrSvost and Dumas.................  1.4056
 Haller, Wollaston, and Weber... 1.5000
 Young................................. 1.6060

   Besides these, the blood contains white  glo-
 bulea, (¥.) Globulea blancs, Leucocytes, which are
 probably  lymph and ehyle corpuscles in  process
 of development into  red corpuscles.
   Dried blood globules of the ox have been given
 internally in cases of anaemia.
   GLOBULE D'ARANTIUS,see Sigmoid
 valves—g. du Sang,  Globule of the blood.
   GLOBULES BLANCS,  see Globules of the
 blood—g. Ganglion,  see Neurine — g. Chyle, see
 Chyle—g.  Lymph,  see  Lymph — g. Milk, see
 Milk — g. Mucous, see Mucus — g. Pus, see  Pus
 —g.  Pyoid, see Pus.
   GLOBULI ARTERIARUM TERMINI,  see
 Acinus — g.  Mammillares, see Mammillary emi-
 nence—g. Sanguinis, Globules of the blood — g.
 Tartari martiales,  Ferrum tartarizatum—g. Tar-
 tratis ferri et lixiviae, Ferrum tartarizatum.
   GLOB'ULIN. Glob'uline,  Blood ca'sein.   The
 colourless  substance that remains after the ab-
 straction  of  the colouring matter of the blood-
 corpuscle.   It is a peculiar albuminous principle.
 The  globulin of Berzelius consists of the enve-
 lopes of the blood globules, and  of  the part of
 their contents that-remains after the extraction
 of the haematin.  Lecanu regards it as identi-
 cal with albumen; and, according to Mulder, it
 belongs to the combinations of protein.  Robin
 and Verdeil consider it to be albuminose.
   The  term globulin is  likewise  given  by M.
 Donne to  small granulations appertaining to  the
 chyle, which are observable in  the blood with the
 microscope.   They are small, white, roundish, iso-
 lated or irregularly-agglomerated grains; of about
 the 1-300  of a millimltre in diameter, and are re-
 garded by M. Donn6 as the first elements of the
 blood globules.  They are the white granulated
 corpuscles of Mandl.
   GLOBULISM, Homoeopathy.
   GLOBULUS ARANTII,  see Sigmoid valves
 — g.  Nasi, see Nasus — g. Sanguineus, Punctum
 saliens—g. Stapedius Ossis, Os orbiculare.
   GLOBUS HYSTERICUS, Angone—g. Major,
 Bee Epididymis — g.  Minor, see Epididymis — g.
 Martialis,  Ferrum tartarizatum.
   Globus Uteri'nus.  A term applied by accou-
 cheurs to the round tumour, formed by the uterus
 In the lower part of the abdomen immediately
 after delivery.
   GLOMERATE, Conglomerate.
   GLOM'ERULE, Glomer'ulue; from glomui, 'a
 llew  of thread.'   A  hall  or  clew,  formed by an
agglomeration of vessels ; as  Glomerule of Malpi-
ghi; see Corpora Malpighiana.
   GLOMERULI  RENALES, Corpora   Malpi-
ghiana.
   GLOSSA, Glotta, ' the tongue.'   The power of
speech. Speech.  Hence:
   GLOSSAGRA, Glossalgia.
   GLOSSAL'GIA, Gloss'agra, Glottal'gia, Glotl-
agra,  from yXotooa,' the tongue,' and aXyos,' pain.'
Pain in the tongue*.
  GLOSSANIS'CBHJM, Glossanoch'eus, Glossan'-1
\ ochum, from yXiaoea, 'tongue,'  and ax^tn, 'to
 hold up.'   Aa  instrument  for  holding  up  the
 tongue.
   GLOSSANOCHEUS, Glossanischum.
   GLOSSANOCHUM, Glossanischum.
   GLOSS'ANTHRAX, Pestis gloss'anthrax, (¥.)
 Boussole, from yXtaooa, ' the tongue,' and av&pa(,
 ' a carbuncle.'   Carbuncle of the Tongue.   A dis-
 ease more common in cattle than in man.
   GLOSSEPIGLOT'TIC, Gloesepiglolticus.  Re-
 lating to the tongue and epiglottis, as  Liyamen'-
 tum glossepiglott'icum.
   GLOSSIANUS, Lingual muscle.
   GLOSSFTIS,  from yXuoca, 'the tongue,' and
 itie, a suffix denoting inflammation.  Gloeeon'cits
 infiammato'rius, Angi'na lingua'ria seu lingua'-
 lis,  Inflamma'tio  Lingua, Inflammation of the
 tongue, (¥.)  Inflammation de la Langue.   When
 confined to the mucous membrane, it is of slight
 importance.  That which affects the whole of the
 tongue is a serious disease, and requires the vigo-
 rous use of  antiphlogistics.  It is rare.
   GLOSSO,  from yXwooa, 'the tongue.'  In com-
 position, relating or appertaining to the tongue.
   GLOSSOCACE, from gloaso, and kokos, 'evil.'
 Ulceration of the tongue, with symptoms of ady-
 namic fever.
   GLOSSOCARCINO'MA, Glossoscir'rhus, Car-
 cino'ma  Lingua,  from  glosso,  and  Kapxivupa,
 ' cancer.'  Cancer of the tongue.
   GLOSSOCAT'OCHUS,  Gloeeocat'oche,  Cata-
 glos'sum, from yXtnoea, ' the tongue,' and »cart;^u>,
 'I arrest.'  Lingua  Deten'tor, (¥.) Abaisseur de
 la langue.  An instrument, the invention of which
 is attributed  to Paulus of iEgina, and which was
 employed to  depress the tongue, in order to exa-
 mine diseases of the fauces.  It was  composed
 of two branches; one of which had, at its  extre-
 mity, a plate for depressing the tongue; whilst
 the other, shaped like a horse-shoe, was applied
 under the chin.  The finger, or  the handle of a
 spoon, or a spatula, is generally used in similar
 cases.  See Catagoglossum.
   GLOSSOCE'LE, from gloeeo,  and  KnXn,  ' her-
 nia,' 'tumour.'  Hernia of the  Tongue, Para-
 gloe'ee, Prolap'eue lingua, Gloasomegia''tita, Glos-
 sopto'sis.  Projection  of the tongue   from  the
 mouth.  It depends, generally, on an inflamma-
 tory swelling of the  organ.  At times, however,
 a  chronic glossocele, or sort  of oedematous en-
 gorgement,  is  met with; which  proceeds  to a
 great length, and deforms the dental arches, the
 lips, Ac.  Inflammatory glossocele must be com-
 bated  by  antiphlogistics.   In  the  oedematous
 kind, such  as is sometimes caused by  excessive
 salivation,  the  infiltrated  fluid may be pressed
 back by the hand of the practitioner, to get the
 tongue  behind  the teeth; and it may be  kept
 there by a piece of gauze tied  over the mouth.
 The chronic, elongated kind sometimes requires
 amputation of a portion of the organ.
   GLOSSOCOMA, Glossospasmus.
   GLOSSOC'OMON,  Glossoc'omum, Glossocomi'-
 on, from glosso, and Koptot, 'to guard.'  The an-
 cients gave this name to a small  case for holding
 tho  tongues  of their wind-instruments. By ex-
 tension, it  was applied to the box or  cradle in
 which fractured limbs were kept.  We find, in
 the ancient writers, a Glossocomon of Hippocrates,
 of Nymphodorus, Galen, Ac.
   GLOSSODESMUS, Fraenum linguae.
   GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TIC,  Glosso-epiglott'icut.
 That which belongs to the tongue and epiglottis.
 Some anatomists have so  denominated certain
 fleshy  fibres, which pass from  the  base of  the
 tongue  towards the  epiglottis.  These muscles
 are more evident in some of the mammalia than
 in man; and  their use seems to be,—to  raise  the 
GLOSSOGRAPHY           42
epiglottis, and to remove it farther from the glot- i
tis.  Santorini, who  described them after Eusta-
chius, calls them Retracto'ree Epigloltidie.
  Glosso-Epiglot'tic  Ligament, Franum seu
Fra'nulum epigloltidie, Ligamen'tum membrana'- ,
ceum, Velamctltum lingua.  Three folds of mucous
membrane, which connect the anterior surface of
the epiglottis with the root of the tongue.
  GLOSSOG'RAPHY, Gloesogra'phia, from glos-
so,  and ypatpn, ' a description.'   An  anatomical
description of the tongue.
  GLOSSO-HYAL.   A name given, by Geoffroy
Saint-Hilaire, to the posterior cornua of  the os '
hyoides.
   GLOSSOL'OGY, Glossolog"ia, from glosso, and
Xoyos,  ' a treatise,' ' a discourse.'  A treatise on
the tongue.   Nomenclature.
   GLOSSOL'YSIS,  Gloeeople'gia, Paral'yeie lin-
gua, P. Nervi hypogloesi, from gloeeo, and Xvots,
' solution.'  Paralysis of the tongue.
   GLOSSOMANTI'A, Progno'eie ex lingud, from
glosso, and pavrtia, ' divination.'   Prognosis from
the state of the tongue.
   GLOSSOMEGISTUS, Glossocele,  Paraglossa.
   GLOSSON'CUS, from glosso, and  oyxos, 'tu-
mour.'   Exonco'sis  lingua.   Swelling of the
tongue.
   Glossonccs Inplammatorius, Glossitis.
   GLOSSO-PALATINUS, Glosso-staphylinus—
g.  Pharyngeal,  Glosso-pharyngeus,  Pharyngo-
glossal—g. p.  Nerve, Pharyngo-glossal nerve.
   GLOSSO-PHARYNGE'US,   Glosso -pharyn-
  ?e'al, from glosso, and tpapvyZ, 'the pharynx.' Be-
  onging to the tongue and pharynx.  Some  anato-
mists thus designate certain fleshy bundles, which
arise  from the lateral parts of  the  base  of the
tongue, and are inserted into  the parietes  of the
pharynx.   They form part of  the constrictor pha-
ryngis superior.
   GLOSSOPLEGIA, Glossolysis.
   GLOSSOPTOSIS, Glossocele.
   GLOSSOSCIRRHUS, Glossocarcinoma.
   GLOSSOSCOP'IA, from glosso, and oKontia, 'I
view.'   Inspection of the tongue as an  index of
disease.
   GLOSS OSPAS'MUS, Glossoco'ma, Spaemue
lin'gna, from gloseo, and ottaapos, ' spasm.'  Cramp
or spasm of the tongue.
   GLOSSOSPA'THA, Spat'ula  pro ore, from
glosso, and onadn,' spatula.'   A spatula for press-
ing down the tongue to enable the fauces  to be
examined.
   GLOSSO-STAPHYLI'NUS, from  glosso, and
eraipvXn, ' the  uvula.'  Glossopalatlnua, Palato-
glossus, Conatric'tor  Iathmi Fau'cium.  A small,
thin, narrow, and long muscle, which  arises from
the base of the tongue, and is inserted at  the in-
ferior and lateral part of the  velum palati, in the
anterior pillar of which it is situate.  Its  use  is
to contract  the isthmus faucium,  by depressing
the velum palati, and raising  the  base  of the
tongue.                               .
  GLOSSOSTERE'SIS, Lingua extirpa'tto, from
glo8so, and eripneis,  'privation.'   Extirpation of
the tongue.
  GLOSSOSTROPH'IA, from glosso, and erpttpot,
'I turn '  Doubling of the point  of  the tongue
upwards and  backwards,—said to have been  a
mode of suicide. [?]
  GLOSSOT'OMY, Gloasotom'ia, from gloeeo, and
rtpvttv, ' to cut.'   Dissection of the tongue.  Am-
putation of the tongue.
  GLOSSYPERTROPH'IA,   from gloeeo,  and
'virtp,  'over,' and rptipttv,  'to  nourish.'  Hyper-
trophy or supernutrition of the tongue.
  GLOTTA. Glossa, Tongue.
  GLOTTAGRA, Glossalgia.
  GLOTTALGIA, Glossalgia.                  U
GLUTiEUS  MAGNUS
  GLOTTIS, yXoiTns,  (' the  mouth-piece of  a
flute,') Lig'ttla.  A small oblong aperture, in the la-
rynx, comprised between the chorda vocalee.  It is
narrow, anteriorly; wider, posteriorly; and is ca-
pable of being modified by muscular contraction,
as may be required by  the voice.  It  is by the
chordae  vocales,  that voice  is produced.  The
glottis is nearly an inch  long  in the adult male :
less in the female and child.
  Glottie is, by  some, used  synonymously  with
ventricle of the  larynx:  with others, it includes
the whole of the larynx.
  Glottis, Lips of the, Thyreo-arytenoid  liga-
ments—g. Spasm of the,  Asthma thymicum.
  GLOUGLOU D'UNE  BOUTEILLE, Gurg-
ling.
  GLO UTER ON, Arctium Lappa— g. Petit, Xan-
thium.
  GLOUTIUS, Gluteal—g. Maximus et extimus,
Glutaeus maximus—g. Secundus et medius, Glu-
taeus medius—g. Tertius et intimus,  Glutaeus mi-
nimus.
  GLOUTON, Glutton.
  GLOWWORM, Cicindela.
  GLUANT, Glutinous.
  GLUCOGENIA, Glycogeny.
  GLUCOGENESIS, Glycogeny.
  GLUCOSE,  Glycoee,  from  yXvevs,  'sweet.'
Grape,  Fruit,  Starch,  and  Honey eugar.   A
variety  of sugar, that occurs naturally in many
vegetable juices, and in honey.  Compared with
cane sugar, it is much less soluble in water, and
less disposed to crystallize;  and, when injected
into the blood-vessels, does  not pass off to the
like extent by the kidneys.   Diabetic, Urinary,
and Hepatic sugar appear to have the same che-
mical composition.
  GLUCOSURIA, Diabetes mellitus.
  GLUE  BONE, Osteocolla.
  GLUE  FISH, Ichthyocolla.
  GLUMPOT, Gallipot.
  GLUTEUS MAGNUS, G. major —g. Major,
G. maximus.
  Glut^e'us  Max'imus,  G.   major  seu magnus,
Maximus et ex'timue glou'tiue, (¥.) Muscle grand
feaaier, Ilio-aacro-fSmoral; Sacro-fSmoral, (Ch.),
from  yXovros, ' the buttock,'  ' the breech.'  This
muscle  is  situate at  the posterior  part of the
pelvis, and at the upper and posterior part of the
thigh.  It is large, thick, and  quadrilateral;  and
is attached, above, to the posterior  part of the
crista ilii,  to the part of the ilium  comprised be-
tween the crista and the upper curved line, to the
posterior surface of the sacrum, coccyx,  and great
sacro-sciatic ligament: and below, it terminates
by  a broad  aponeurosis,  which is inserted into
the rugged surface  that  descends from the  tro-
chanter major to the linea aspera of the femur.
This muscle extends the thigh on the pelvis, and
rotates  the thigh outwards.   It  is  greatly con-
cerned in station and progression.
  Gluteus Me'dius, Glou'tiue Secun'due et MS-
diue, (¥.)  Ilio-trochantSrien : Grand Rio-trochan-
tSrien, (Ch.,) Moyen Feaaier.   This muscle is si-
tuate in part beneath the preceding;  it is broad,
very thick, radiated, and triangular;  attached,
above, to the crista ilii, and  to the part of  the
outer surface of that bone comprised between the
three anterior fourths of its crista, its upper
curved line, and its lower; and below, it ends by
a tendon, inserted at the upper edge of  the great
trochanter.  It is an abductor of the thigh;  but
can turn the thigh outwards or inwards, accord
ing as its posterior or inferior fibres are thrown
separately into contraction.
  Gluteus  Min'imus,  G.   minor,  Ter'tiue et
In'timue Glou'tiue, (¥.)  Petit Feaaier;— Ilio-
itchii-trochantSrien, Petit Rio-trochantSrien (Ch.l 
GLUTEAL               428             GNATHITIS
This muscle, which is situate beneath the preced-
ing, is flat, triangular, and  with radiated fibres.
It is attached, above, to  the external surface of
the os ilii, from the inferior curved line to the
acetabulum ; and, below, is inserted into the an-
terior part of the great  trochanter.  It has the
same uses as the preceding.
  Gluteus Minor, G. minimus.
  GLU'TEAL,  Glou'tiue, Gluta'ue.  Same  ety-
mon.  (F.) Fessier.  That which belongs or re-
lates to the nates.  This name has been given to
many parts which compose the nates.
  Gluteal Aponeuro'sis.  The upper  and back
part of the femoral fascia.   In  it is  a remarkable
opening,  called  the gluteal  arch, for the passage
of the gluteal vessels and nerves.
  Gluteal Arch, see Gluteal aponeurosis.
  Gluteal  Artery, Poste'rior Iliac Artery,
(¥.) Artlre feesilre, is one of the largest  branches
of the hypogastric.  It makes  its exit  from the
pelvis at the upper part of the superior sciatic
foramen;  gains the posterior part of the pelvis,
and divides into two branches; — the one euper-
ficial, the other deep-eeated.  The last subdivides
into three secondary branches, whose  ramifica-
tions are  distributed particularly to the Glittai,
Longieeimue Dorei, Sacro-lumbalie, Ac, and anas-
tomose with the sciatic  and internal circumflex
arteries.
  Gluteal Nerve, (F.) Nerf  Feaaier, is a large
branch,  furnished  by the  5th pair  of lumbar
nerves.   It is  chiefly distributed to the glutaei
muscles.
  Gluteal Vein, (F.) Veine feeeilre, follows the
same march as the artery of the same name.
  GLUTEN, Glu'tinum, Lentor,  ' glue,  paste.'
 Veg"etablc Gluten, Veg"etable  Ca'eein.   An im-
mediate principle of vegetables.  It is  soft, of a
grayish white, viscid consistence, and very elastic.
Exposed to the air, it becomes hard, brown, and
fragile;  and, in moist air, putrefies.  Water and
alcohol  do not dissolve it.  It is soluble in vege-
table, and in weak mineral, acids, at a high tem-
perature.  The  farinae, in which  it is found, are
those preferred  for the preparation  of bread; on
account  of  the property it has  of making the
paste rise.  It is  a compound of protein, and
hence has been ranged  amongst the "proteina-
ceoue alimentary principlea" by Dr. Pereira.  By
washing wheaten dough with  a stream of water,
the gum, sugar, starch  and vegetable albumen
are removed: the ductile, tenacious, elastic, gray
mass left is the gluten, common gluten, Beccaria's
gluten.   Pure  gluten is the soluble  portion on
boiling common gluten  in  alcohol.   Granulated
gluten, Gluten granule, is a paste made by adding
wheat gluten to ordinary wheat.  It is said to
form an agreeable and nutritious aliment.
   Gluten Articulorum, Synovia—g. Beccaria's,
see Gluten — g. Bread, see Bread, gluten — g.
Common, see Gluten—g. Granulated, see Gluten
—g. Granule, see Gluten—g. Pure, see  Gluten.
  GLUTI, Nates.
   GLUTIA, Nates, Quadrigemina corpora.
   GLUTIN, see Gelatin.
   GLUTINANS, Agglutinant.
   GLUTINATIF, Agglutinant
   GLUTINATIO, Agglutination.
   GLUTINEUX,  Glutinous.
  GLU'TINOUS,  Glutino'eue, Collo'dee, from
gluten, 'paste,  glue.'   (F.) Glutineux, Gluant.
An epithet given  to substances  taken  from  the
animal or vegetable kingdom, and endowed with
unusual  viscidity.   The  decoctions of marsh-
mallows, and figs, and the jelly of hartshorn, are
said to be glutinous.
  GLUTINUM, Gluten.
   GLUTI'TIS,  from yXovroi,  'the nates,' and
itia, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of the

  GLUTOI, Nates.
  GLUTOPYO'SIS, from yXovroi,' the nates,' and
lrowois, ' suppuration.'   Suppuration of the nates.
  GLUTTON, same etymon as the next.   Gae-
trimar'gue, Gnathon, Hel'luo,  Mando,  Gulo'sue,
Lurco, Bellygod, (¥.) Glouton, Gourmand, Goulou.
An excessive eater.
  GLUTTONY, from glutio, 'I swallow,'gluttus,
'the gullet.'   Limo'eie Helluo'num, Gaetrie'mue,
(¥.)  Gourmandiee.  Excessive appetite, owing
often to habitual indulgence.
  GLUTTUPATENS,  Stomach.
  GLUTTUS, Oesophagus.
  GLUTUS, Trochanter major.
  GLYCANSIS, Edulcoration.
  GLYCAS'MA, from yXvevs, 'sweet.'  A sweet
wine,  prepared from must.—Linden.
  GLYCERATON, Glycyrrhiza.
  GLYCERIN,  see Fat —g. Butyrate of, see
Butter.
  GLYCIPICROS, Solanum dulcamara.
  GLYCISIDE, Paeonia.
  GLYCOG"ENY,  Glycogen'ia,   Glycogen'eeie,
Glucogen'ia, Glucogen'eeie, (¥.) GlycogSnie.  from
yXvKvs, 'sweet,' and ytvtots, 'generation.'  Gene-
ration or formation of sugar, — as in the liver.
  GLYCOSE,  Glucose.
  GLYCYPHYTON, Glycyrrhiza.
  GLYCYRRHI'ZA, from yXvKvs, 'sweet,' and
pdfl, 'a root.'  G. Glabra seu Lavie, Liquorit"ia
Scyth'ica, Glycera'ton,  Glycyph'yton,   Adip'sos,
Alcacas,  Al'imos, Liq'uorice, Lic'orice, (¥.) RS-
glisse, Bois doux.  Ord. Leguminosa\  Sex. Syst.
DiadelphiaDecandria.  The root of this southern
European plant is inodorous;  has a sweet taste;
is mucilaginous;  and leaves,  when unpeeled, a
degree of bitterness in the mouth.   It is used as
a demulcent, and chiefly in catarrh.  The extract,
made from it  and sold in the shops, is known
under  the name Spanish  Liquorice or Liquorice
Juice, (¥.) Jus de RSgliese.
  Pectoral Baleam of Liquorice—a quack prepa-
ration — is said by Dr.  Paris to consist chiefly of
Paregoric Elixir, strongly impregpated with Oil
of Anieeed.
  GLYCYRRHCE'A, from yXvevs, 'sweet,' and
ptm, ' I flow.'   A discharge of saccharine fluid
from the system.
  Glycyrrhcea Urinosa, Diabetes mellitus.
  GLYSTER  HERBS,  Herba pro  Enem'ate.
The herbs ordinarily sold by the English apothe-
cary under this title,  are: — mallow leaves, one
part; chamomile flowere, one part,  (^iss to Oj
of water).
  GNAMPSIS, Curvature.
  GNAPHALIUM  DIOICUM, Antennaria dioi-
ca—g. Plantaginifolium seu Plantagineum, Anten-
naria plantaginifolia.
  Gnaphalium  Margarita'ceum, Antenna'ria
Margarita'cea, Cudweed, Pearly Life everlaeting,
from  yvaipaXot, ' a lock  of wool,'  owing to the
floccose down of the leaves. An indigenous plant,
growing in woods and fields, and flowering in Au-
gust.   Its virtues are  not defined, and the same
may be said of
  Gnaphalium  Polyceph'alum ;  Sweet-scented
Life  everlaeting,  Catfoot.   They  appear to be
mild astringents.
  GNATHALGIA,  Neuralgia maxillaris.
  GNATHANCYLO'SIS, from yvados, ' the jaw,'
and ayKvXmots, ' stiffness of joint.'  Ancylosis of
the lower jaw.
  GNATHANTROPOLTPUS,  from   gnafhan-
trum,  ' the antrum  of  Highmore,' and polypus.
Polvpus of tbe antrum  of Highmore.
  GNATHI'TIS, Inflamma'tio gena, from yvados, 
iNATHMUS
429
GOLD
* the cheek, the jaw.'  Inflammation of the cheek
or upper jaw.
   GNATHMUS, Gnathus.
   GNATHOCEPH'ALUS, from yvaBos, 'the jaw,'
and KtipaXn, ' head.'  A monster which has no head
visible externally, but exhibits voluminous jaws.
—(i. fet. Hilaire.
   ^at5R£YNANCHE' Cynanche  parotidaea.
   GNATHON, Glutton.
   GNATHONEURALGIA,   Neuralgia  maxil-

   GNATH'OPLASTY,   Gnathoplae'tice,  from
yvados, ' cheek,' and nXaortKos, 'formative.'   The
formation of an artificial cheek.
   GNATHOPLE'GIA,  Gnathoparal'ysie, from
T9??' a?rd ^Yl' 'a strokC  Paralysis of the
cheek.  Gnathoparalyeie  is employed by Fuchs
to  signify paralysis of the lesser portion of the
trifacial nerve, which  supplies the  muscles of
mastication.
   GNATHORRHAG"IA, from yvados, and 'pny-
wpt,  'to burst forth.'  Hemorrhage from the in-
ternal surface of the cheeks.
   GNATHOSPASMUS, Trismus.
   GNATHUS,  Gnathmue, from xvaio,  'I  scrape,
rub.'  The cheek,  the jaw.  Also, the part of the
 jaws in which the teeth are fixed.—Hippocrates,
 Foe'sius.  See Bucca, Gena, and Maxillary Bone.
   GNESIOS, Legitimate.
   GNOME, Intellect.
   GNOSIS, yviaots,  'knowledge.'  A common
suffix, as in Diagno'aia, Vrogno'eie, Ac.
   GOACONAX, see Toluifera balsamum.
   GOADBY'S  SOLUTION,  see  Solution,
 Goadby's.
   GOATS' BEARD, COMMON, Tragopogon.
   GOATS'MILK,  see  Milk, goats'— g. Milk,
 artificial, see Milk, goats'—g. Thorn,  Astragalus
 verus.
   GOB, Mouth.,    f
   GOBELET EMETIQUE, Goblet,  emetic.
   GOBLET, EMET'IC, Poe'ulum emet'icum, Ca-
 lix vomito'ria, (¥.) Gobelet SmStique.   A vessel,
made by pouring  melted antimony into a mould.
 By putting wine into this and allowing it to stand
 some time, it acquires the property of producing
 vomiting.   This kind of emetic  has  been long
rejected, as the practitioner could never be certain
 of the dose he exhibited.
   GODESBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF.
 These waters, at Godesberg, a German mile from
 Bonn, are  an efficacious, acidulous chalybeate,
formerly known by the name,  Draitech  Water.
 They contain chloride of sodium, carbonate of
soda, carbonate of lime, carbonate of magnesia,
and carbonate  of iron.
   GODFREY'S COR'DIAL.   A celebrated nos-
trum, for which Dr. Paris has given the following
formula. Infuse ^ix of eaeaafraa and of the seeds
of carraway, coriander, and  aniee, each J[j, in
six pints of water.  Simmer the mixture until re-
duced to Ibiv:  then add Ibvj  of treacle, and  boil
the whole  for  a few minutes.   When cold,  add
§iij of tincture of opium.   The  following form is
recommended by a committee of the Philadelphia
college of Pharmacy.  Tinct. Opii, Oiss ; Syrupi
Nigri, Oxvj ; Alcoholie, Oij; Aqua, Oxxvj ; Car-
boiiatia Potasaa, ^ijss : Olei  Saeeafrae, f£w, M.
It is anodyne.  _,
   GODRONNE,  (Canal,)  Cana'lia Petitia'nue
seu Peti'ti, Couronne ciliaire, Canal de Petit ou
goudronnS, Canal  or Bullular  Canal of Petit.
Petit  gave this name  (from F,) godron, 'a plait
or  fold.')  to  the semicircular canal,  formed
by the tunica hyaloidea around the edge of  the
crystalline; because it appears, as it were, plaited
or festooned.
  GOGGLE-EYED, (Prov.)  Grozet-eyed.   Hav-
ing prominent, staring and rolling eyes.
   GOITRE,  Bronchocele — g. Leaf, see  Lami-
naria.
   GOITRE  STICKS.  In  South America the
stems  of a seaweed  are so  called, because they
are chewed by the inhabitants where goitre pre-
vails.—Royle.
   GOIT'ROUS, (F.) Goitreux.  Relating or ap-
pertaining to goitre.  One affected by goitre or
Bronchocele,—Goitred.
   GOLD, An'rum, Chryeoe, Sol, Rex metallo'rum,
(¥.) Or.   (Sax.)  sol».  A  solid, yellow, very
brilliant, hard, very ductile,  malleable, tenacious,
and heavy metal; found in nature, either in its
native state,  or combined with a little silver, cop-
per, or iron.  S. g. 19-25.
   Muriate or Chloride of Gold, Auri Chlo'ridum
seu  Terchlo'ridum seu Mu'riae seu Chlorure'tum,
Aurum Murialicum seu Chlora'tum seu Oxydula'-
tum murialicum  seu Sali'tum, (¥.) Chlorure ou
Muriate  ou  Hydro-chlorate  d'or has  been ad-
mitted into  the  Pharmacopoeia  of the United
States, and into that of Paris, Ac.  The formulae,
however, differ.   That of the United  States is a
muriate with two bases; and is prepared, accord-
ing  to the form  of Dr. Chrestien, by dissolving
the gold in a mixture of nitric and muriatic acids,
and adding chloride of sodium to the residuum
after evaporation ; then redissolving and evapo-
rating slowly to dryness.  The Parisian  formula
for the Muriate  d'or, Mnriae  seu  Chlorure'tum
Auri,  consists in simply dissolving the gold in
the  acids, and evaporating to dryness.   It has
been recommended as  an antisyphilitic in old, re-
bellious, venereal affections,  exostoses, and in ve-
nereal, scrofulous or  cancerous glandular enlarge-
ments.  Dose, gr. l-8th to gr. ss, rubbed on the
tongue or gums.   Internally, one-sixteenth of a
grain,  in pills.
   Various  other preparations, as the Cy'anide or
Tercy'anide,  (Auri  Cyan'idum seu Cyanure'tum
seu  Tercyan'idum, (F.) Cyanure d'or;) the metal-
lic gold in a state of  division (Aurum metallicnm,
Pulvie And, (¥.) Or divieS ou mStallique,) ob-
tained by amalgamating gold with  mercury and
driving the latter off by heat; and in the form of
filings  (Aurum  lima'tum) ; the  Chloride of Gold
and Sodium, (Aurum murialicum natrona'tum
seu  murialicum  seu chlora'tum  natro'natum,
Chlore'tum Au'ricum.  Chlore'to na'trii,  Mu'riae
Au'rico-na'tricum, Chlorure'tum auri et  natrii,
So'dii  auro-terchlo'ridum, Hydrochlorate or muri-
ate .of Gold  and  Soda, (¥.) Chlorure d'or et de
Sodium,  Hydrochlorate ou  muriate d'or  et.  de
Sonde); the Nitromuriate of Gold, (Aurum Nitri-
co-murialicum, Auri nitromu'riaa, (¥.) Nitromu-
riate d'or;) the  Oxide of Gold, (Auri Ox'idum,
Aurum Oxida'tum, Auri terox'idum, Perox'ide of
gold, Auric acid, (¥.)  Oxide d'or) ; and the Io-
dide of Gold, (Auri Io'didum seu lodure'tum, (E.)
Iodure d'or,) have been employed in  the like
affections, and with similar results.
   Gold-Beater's Skin.   The intestina recta of
the ox, which have been beaten quite smooth, for
the manufacture of gold leaf.  Used as a defen-
sive dressing for slight cuts,  Ac.
   Gold, Chloride Of, see Gold—g. Cyanide of,
see Gold—g.  Hydrochlorate  of, see Gold—g. Io-
dide of, see Gold — g. Muriate  of, see  Gold — g.
Nitro-muriate of, see  Gold—g. Oxide of, see Gold
—g. Peroxide of, see  Gold—g. Tercyanide of, see
Gold—g. and Sodium, Chloride of oxide of, see
Gold—g. and Soda, hydrochlorate of, see Gold—
g. and Soda, muriate  of, see Gold.
  Gold Leaf, Gold Foil, Aurum folia'turn, Aurum
in libellie.  Used to  gild pills  and to plug cari-
ous teeth.  The gold leaf or foil, used  by the
dentist for filling  teeth,  is  much  thicker  than
ordinary gold leaf.
  Gold Thread, Coptis. 
GOLDEN  BUG            430             GONORRHOEA
  GOLDEN BUG, Coccinella septempunctata —
g.  Knop,  Coccinella  septempunctata — g.  Rod,
P lidago virgaurea — g. Rod, fragrant, Solidago
edora—g. Rod, rigid, Solidago rigida — g. Rod,
?weetscented, Solidago odora — g. Seal, see Ca-
lumba, Hydrastis Canadensis.
  GOLDENS, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum.
  GOLDING, Calendula officinalis.
  GOLDSHRUB, Palicourea speciosa.
  GOLDWASSER, see Spirit.
  GOLFE, Sinus — g. de la  Veine jugulaire, see
Jugular veins.
  GOLUNCHA, Menispermum cordifolium.
  GOMBO, Hibiscus  esculentus.
  GOMME, Gumma, Gummi—g. Adragant,Tr&-
gacanth—g. Ammoniaque, Ammoniac  gum — g.
Arabique,  Acaciae gummi—g.  Aatringente de
Gamble, see  Butea frondosa — g.  Caragne, Ca-
ranna—g. Oarane, Caranna—g. Elastique, Ca-
outchouc— g. de Gaiae, Guaiacum—g. de GenS-
vrier, Sandarac—g. Gettania, Gutta Percha—g.
Gutte, Cambogia—g.deKino, Kino—g.Laque, Lac-
ca— g.de Lierre, see Hedera helix—g. du  Paye,
Gummi nostras—g. SSraphique, Sagapenum.
  GOMPHI'ASIS,  Gompkias'mue, from yopipos,
'a nail.'  A disease of the teeth, and particularly
of the molares;  looseness of the  teeth in their
sockets.  Agomphia'eie.   Pain  in  the   teeth.
Odontalgia.
  GOMPHIASMUS, Gomphiasis.
  GOMPHIOI, Molar teeth.
  GOMPHOCAR'PUS  CRISPUS.   A   South
African plant, the root of which, formerly known
to the Dutch apothecaries as Radix Aeclepladia
crispa, is extremely bitter and acrid; and, on
account of its diuretic virtues, a decoction  or in-
fusion of it has been advised in various kinds of
dropsy.  A tincture of it is  said to be valuable
in colic.
  GOMPHOMA, Gomphosis.
  GOMPHO'SIS,Cardinameiltnm,Clava'tio,Gom-
 pho'ma, Coagmenta'tio,  Inclava'tio, Incnnca'tio,
from yopipos,' a nail.'  Engompho'eis.  An immova-
ble articulation, in which one bone is received into
another, like a nail or peg into its hole.   Gom-
phosis is only met with in the articulations of the
 teeth with the alveoli.  It is, also, called Articu-
 lation par inplantation.
   GOMPHUS, Clavus.
   GOMUTO PALM, see  Toddy.
   GOMUTOS GOMUTO, see Toddy.
   GONACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea.
   GONACRATIA, Spermatorrhoea.
   GON'AGRA,  Gon'yagra, from yovv, 'the knee,'
 and aypa, 'a prey.'  "That which attacks the
 knees."  Gout  or  rheumatism  in  the   knees.
 Gongorrheilma.   Paracelsus calls it Gen'ugra.
   GONAL'GIA, from yovv, 'the knee,' and aXyos,
 'pain.'  Pain in the knee.  Gonyal'gia.  This  is
 almost always produced by gout.  It may, how-
 ever, depend on some other disease, either of the
 knee or of another part—particularly  of the hip-
 joint.
   GONARTHRI'TIS,  from  yovv, 'the  knee,'
 apBpov, 'joint,' and itie,  denoting inflammation.
 Inflammation of the knee-joint.
   GONARTHROCACE, Gonocace.
   GONAURA, see Sperm.
   GONDOLE OCULAIRE, Scaphium oculare.
   GONDRET'S  AMMONIACAL  CAUSTIC,
 Pommade de Gondret—g. Counter-irritant, Pom-
 made de Gondret.
   GONE, Gonoe, Genitu'ra.   The semen; (hence,
 gonorrhoea)—the uterus, offspring.—Hippocrates.
 See Epigone, and  Generation.
   GONECYSTIDES, Vesiculae seminales.
   GONECYSTI'TIS, Inflamma'tio vesicula'rum
 temina'lium, from yovn, 'sperm,' kvotis, 'bladder,'
and itie,  denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
of the vesiculae seminales.
  GONEP0EUS, Spermatopoeus.
  GONEPOETICUS, Spermatopoeus.
  GONFLEMENT, Swelling.
  GONGRONA, Bronchocele.
  GONGROPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulmonale.
  GONGYLIDIUM, Pilula.
  GONGYLION, Pilula.
  GONGYLIS, Pilula.
  GONIOCATH'ETER, from yuvta, 'an angle,'
and Kadtrnp, 'a catheter.'  An angular or crooked
catheter.
  GONIOME'LE, from ytevia,  'an  angle,' and
pnXn, 'a probe.'  An angular or crooked probe or
sound.
  GONIOM'ETER. Goniom'etrum,  from  yiavta,
'an angle,' and ptrpov,  'a measure.'   An instru-
ment for measuring angles.
  A 'Facial Goniometer' has been  invented by
Mr.  Turnpenny, of Philadelphia, which is well
adapted for measuring the facial angle.
  GONOBOLIA, Ejaculation, spermatic.
  GONOCACE, Gonarthroe'ace,  from yovv, 'the
knee,'  and  xaxos, 'evil.'   Tumor  genu   albus.
White swelling of the knee.   Hydrarthrus.
  GONOCELE, Spermatocele.
  GONOI'DES, from yovn, 'sperm,' and nSos, 'ap-
pearance.'  Genitu'ra sim'Uis.  Similar to sperm.
Sperm'atoid, Spermato'i'dee, Spernmto'dee. A term
appropriated  to any  substance which resembles
sperm.
  GONOL'OBUS  MACROPHYL'LUS, (ymvta,
' an angle,' and Xo/ios, 'a pod'); indigenous. Nat.
 Ord. Asclepiadaceae.   The root is cathartic   It
is said to furnish a juice with which the Indians
poison their arrows. [?]
  GONOPOETICUS, Spermatopoeus.
   GONORRHEE BATARDE, Gonorrhoea
spuria.
  GONORRHO-BLEPHARRH03A,Ophthalmia,
gonorrhceal.
   GONORRHO-PROSTATITIS, see Prostatitis.
   GONORRHOEA.   Erroneously  called from
yovn, 'sperm,' and ptie, 'I flow,' because the older
writers believed it to be a flux of semen.   Blen-
norrhag"ia, Blennorrhoe'a,  B. urethra'lia,  Blen-
nure'thria, Phallorrhoe'a, Medorrhce'a, M. viri'lis,
 Oatar'rhue gonorrhoea seu ure'thra, Urethritis,
 Inflamma'tio ure'thra,  Urethral''gia, Profiu'vium
 muco'eum ure'thra,  Catarrhue  urethra'lie, (F.)
 Ecoulement,  UrSthrite,  UrStrite.  An inflamma-
 tory discharge of mucus from the membrane of
 the urethra in both sexes; and  from that  of the
 prepuce in man, and the vagina in woman.  It
 may be excited spontaneously, or by irritants
 applied  directly to the membrane; but is usually
 produced by impure connexion.  Two great va-
 rieties have been generally reckoned.—1. Gonor-
 rhoea  Pura seu Benig'na.  That which does
 not follow an impure connexion; (F.) Echauffe-
 ment,  Blennorrhag"ia  benigna,   Caulorrhce'a
 benig'na, Catar'rhue  Ure'thra,  Gonorrhoe'a ca-
 tarrha'lie seu non contagiosa: — and, 2. Gonor-
 rhoea Impu'ra, malig'na, contagiosa, eyphilit'ica,
 et virulen'ta; Fluor albtte  malig'nus, Fluxtts ve-
 ne'reue,  Blennorrhoe'a  luo'dee,   Baptorrhoe'a,
 Myxio'eie, Luee gonorrho'ica, Scroph'ula  gonor-
 rho'ica, Tuber'cula gonorrho'ica, Clap, (Old E.)
  Chawdpye, (F.) Chaudepisse; that  which is the
 result of impure commerce. The  French, also,
 distinguish the Chaudepieee elche, or that unac-
 companied with discharge;  and the Chaudepisse
 chordSe, Gonnorrhoe'a corda'ta, or that accompa-
 nied with chordee, and  which, of course, occurs
 only in the male.  It is the kind that most fre-
 quently engages the attention of the practitioner,
 and  is characterized by mucous discharge from 
GONOS                 4
the urethra or vagina,  intermixed  with  specific
matter, and accompanied  with burning pain on
micturition.  It is  decidedly  infectious.  It is,
however,  a distinct disease from syphilis,  and
never produces it.  Its duration is various, but
the inflammatory symptoms usually  subside in
four or five weeks;  leaving  generally behind
more or less of the gonorrhoea mucosa or gleet.
Gonorrhoea of every kind, attended  with  any
inflammatory  symptoms,  is best treated by the
antiphlogistic regimen; avoiding every kind of
irritation, and keeping the body cool by small
doses of salts, and the urine diluted by the mild-
est fluids.  After  the  inflammatory  symptoms
have  subsided, cubebs, or the  balsam  of copaiba,
exhibited in the dose of a teaspoonful, three times
a day, will be found effectual:  indeed, during the
existence  of the inflammatory  symptoms, it often
affords decided relief.   Injections are rarely re-
quired.
   Sometimes, gonorrhoea affects the glans; when
it is called Gonorrhoea Spu'ria seu Balani, Ba-
lanoblennorrhoe'a,  Balannorrhce'a, Balani'tie,
Blennorrhag"ia spu'ria seu notha, (F.) Blennor-
rhagie du gland, ConorrhSe bdtarde, Faueee Blen-
norrhagie.  It requires only cleanliness and cool-
ing lotions.  This is the simple form of balanitis.
It may, however, be of the impure kind—Bala-
norrhag'Ha, (¥.) Balanite  contagienee.
   Some other varieties  of gonorrhoea have been
enumerated, but they are  of little moment.
   In  consequence of repeated attacks of gonor-
rhoea, or  of the debility induced by a single at-
tack, it not unfrequently happens, as  already re-
marked, that a constant, small discharge occurs',
or remains behind, after  all danger of infection
is removed.  The great difference between it and
gonorrhoea is, that it is uninfectious.   The dis-
charge consists of globular particles, contained
in a slimy mucus, and is generally devoid of that
yellow colour which characterizes the discharge
of gonorrhoea virulenta.  It is unattended with
pain, scalding,  Ae.  To  this state the names
Gleet, Gonorrhoz'a muco'ea, Blennorrhce'a chron'-
ica, Blennorrhoe'a,  Ac, have  been  given.  It is
commonly a disease of some  duration, and de-
mands the use of the copaiba, astringent injection;
and, if ohstinate, the introduction of the bougie.
   Gonorrhoea Balani, G. spuria — g. Benigna,
Leucorrhoea—g.  Catarrhalis, see Gonorrhoea—g.
Chordata,  Chordee — g. Contagiosa, see Gonor-
rhoea.
   Gonorrhcea Dormien'tium, G.  Oneirog'onoe.
The seminal discharge which occurs during sleep,
and is occasioned by libidinous dreams.  See Pol-
lution.
   Gonorrhoea Impura, see Gonorrhoea.
   Gonorrhcea Laxo'rum, G. libidino'sa, Sper-
matorrhea aton'ica,  consists  of a  pellucid  dis-
charge from the  urethra,  whilst awake, without
erection of the penis, but with  venereal thoughts.
  Gonorrhcea Laxorum,  Pollution, G. libidinosa
-^g. Maligna, see Gonorrhoea—g. Mucosa (gleet),
see Gonorrhoea—g. Noncontagiosa, G. pura—g.
Notha inveterata, Leucorrhoea—g-  Oneirogonos,
G. dormientium, Pollution—g.  Spuria, see  Go-
norrhoea— g. Syphilitica, see  Gonorrhoea — g.
Vera, Pollution,  Spermatorrhoea — g. Virulenta,
see Gonorrhoea.
  GONOS, Gone.
  GONOSTROMA, Proligerous disc.
  GONOZEMIA, Spermatorrhoea.
  GONY, yow, Genu, 'the knee;' hence:
  GONYAGRA, Gonagra.
  GONYALGIA, Gonalgia.
  GONYAN'CON,  Gonycamp'sis, from yovv, 'the
knee,' and ayxiav, 'a curvature.'  A curvature or
bending of the knee.   A bent knee.
  GONYCAMPSIS, Gonyancon.
31              GOSSYPIUM
Ii   GONYCROTUS, from  you, 'tho knee,' ami
|| Kporto), 'I strike.'  One  who is knock-kneed, or
 in-kneed.  See Entogonyancon.
    GONYON'CUS, from yovv,  'the  knee,' and
 oyKos, 'a tumour.'  A swelling of the knee.
    GONYORRIIEUMA, Gonagra.
    GOOD KING  HENRY, Chenopodium  bonus
 Henricus.
    GOODYE'RA  PUBES'CENS,  Tussa'ca reti-
 culata,  Satyr'ium, Neott'ia,  Rattlesnake  leaf,
 Rattlesnake Plantain, Networt, Netleaf, Scrofula
 weed,  Cancer weed.   Ord. Orchidaceae.  An in-
 digenous plant, used empirically in scrofula—the
 fresh leaves  being applied to the sores.  It  is
 employed by the  Indians.
    GOOSEBERRY, Ribes  uva crispa.
    GOOSEFOOT, Chenopodium  anthelminticum
 —g. Angular-leaved,  Chenopodium bonus Hen-
 ricus—g. Mercury, Chenopodium bonus Henricus
 —g. Stinking, Chenopodium vulvaria.
    GOOSEGRASS, Galium aparine, G. verum.
    GOOSESHARE, Galium aparine.
    GOOSESKIN, Horrida  cutis.
    GORBELLY, Physconia.
    GORDIUS MEDINENSIS, Dracunculus.
    GORGE,  Ingluvies,  Pharynx,  Throat — g.
  Grosee, Bronchocele—g. Mal de, Cynanche.
    GORGERET, Gorget — g. Lithotome, Gorget,
 lithotomy—q. d Reponesoir, see Gorget.
    GORGET, from (F.) gorge, 'the throat.'  Ca-
 na'lia  canalicula'tua,  Ducior  canalicitla'tue, (¥.)
  Gorgeret.  An  instrument representing  a long
 gutter, in the shape of a throat, which is espe-
 cially  employed  in the operations of lithotomy
 and fistula in ano.
    Gorget, Cutting, see Gorget, and Lithotomy.
    Gorget, Lithot'omy, (F.)  Gorgeret Lithotome,
  Cutting Gorget, is the one used in the operation
 for  the  stone,  for the  purpose  of  dividing the
 prostate and the neck  of the bladder, so as to
 enable the surgeon to introduce the forceps  and
 extract the stone. At the end of this gorget is a
 crest or beak, which fits the groove  of the staff,
 and admits of the gorget being passed along it
 into the bladder.   Besides cutting, there are also
 blunt gorgets, intended  to be introduced into the
 wound — their  concavity  serving as  a guide for
 the forceps into the bladder.
    The chief modifications  in the gorget have been
 made by Andouillet, Bell, Blicke, Bromfield, Cline,
 Desault, Foubert, Hawkins, Larrey, LefSvre, Mi-
 chaelis, Thomas,  Ac.
    Gorget for Fistula  in  Ano consists  of a
 semi-cylindrical wooden staff, four  inches long,
 without including the handle, and furnished with
 a wide groove.   This  is introduced  into the rec-
 tum, to  prevent  the point of the bistoury from
 injuring the  intestine, when  the internal  orifice
 of the fistula is deeply situate, and it is desirable
 to perform the operation  by incision.  This in-
 strument, invented by Marchettis, has been mo-
 dified by Percy, Runge, Ac
    Desault invented an instrument for conducting
 the wire by the anus, in the operation for fistula
 by ligature.  He  called  it  Gorgeret el repoueeoir.
    GORGO'NEI FONTES.  Fountains described
 by Libavius as containing water which possessed
 a petrifying  property;  probably, water holding
 in solution supercarbonate of lime.
    GORGOSSET, Pyrosis.
    GOSIER,  Pharynx, Throat.
    GOSSUM, Bronchocele.
    GOSSYP'IUM, Gossyp'ium  Herba'ceum, Goe-
 eip'ion Xylon, Xyltim, Bombax, Cotton, (¥.)  Co
 ton.   Family, Malvaceae.   Sex.  Syst. Monadel-
 phia Polyandria.   The seeds of the Cotton Tree,
 Gossip'ium arbor'eum,  have been administered in
 coughs, on account of the  mucilage they contnin,
 and  a decoction of a pint  of the seeds to a quart 
GOTCHBELLY             432                GRACILIS
if water has  been given, in the Southern States,
in intermittents.   A .decoction of the  root  has
been prescribed as an emmenagogue and parturi-
facient.  The cotton wool is used in medicine for
making moxas, Ac, and is  applied in the treat-
ment of recent burns and scalds.
  GOTCHBELLY, Physconia.
  GOTIUM,  Bronchocele.
  GOUDRON, see Pinus sylvestris.
  GOUFT, Arum maculatum.
  GOUETRE, Bronchocele.
  GOULARD'S LOTION,  see Lotion, Goulard's.
  Goulard Water,  Liquor plumbi subacetatis
dilutus.
  GOULU, Glutton.
  GOUND OF THE EYE, Chaeeie.
  GOURD, Cucurbita—g. Bitter, Cucumis colo-
cynthis—g. Bottle, Cucurbita pepo.
  Gourd Worm, Distoma hepaticum.
  GOURMANDISE, Gluttony.
  G OUR ME, Porrigo  larvalis.   Vulgarly,  in
France, any cutaneous eruption.
  GOUSSE,  Legumen.
  GOUT,  Arthri'tia,  Arth'ragra,  Arthralgia,
Morbu8 domino'rum seu articula'ria, Malum arti-
culo'rum, Gutta, Arthro'sia Pod'agra, Podal'gia,
Pod'agra,  Arthrit'icue verue, Arthri'tie Podagra,
Podagra Arthri'tie, Flux'io arthrit'ica, Febria
arthrilica  seu Podag'rica,  Arthrodyn'ia podag' -
rica,   Cauma podag'ricum,  Flereein,   Gastro-
arthri'tis,  Mieopto'choe,  (Sc.)  Gat, (¥.) Goittte,
Agrie.—Piorry.  The gout was formerly regarded
as a catarrh, and  received its  name from  (F.)
goutte, (L.) gutta, 'a drop;' because  it was  be-
lieved  to be produced by a liquid, which distilled,
goutte  d goutte, 'drop by drop,' on  the diseased
part.   This name,  which seems to have been first
used about the year 1270, has been admitted into
the different  languages of Europe.  Gout is an
inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts
of the joints.   It almost always attacks, first, the
great toe; whence it passes to the other smaller
joints, after having produced, or been  attended
with, various sympathetic phenomena, particularly
in the  digestive organs : after this, it may attack
the greater articulations. It is an affection which
is extremely  fugitive, and variable  in its recur-
rence.   It  may be acquired or hereditary.   In
the former case, it rarely appears before tbe age
of thirty-five; in the latter, it is frequently  ob-
served earlier.  It is often difficult to .distinguish
it from rheumatism.  A combination is, indeed,
supposed to exist sometimes; hence called Rheu-
matic gout.  During the paroxysm or fit, a burn-
ing, lancinating pain is experienced in the affected
joint,  attended  with tumefaction,  tension,  and
redness.  One or more joints  may  be attacked,
either at the  same time or in succession; and, in
either  case, the attack terminates by resolution
in a few days.  This is the Arthri'tie acu'fa  seu
inflammato'ria seu regula'rie, Regular gout, Arth-
ro'sia  pod'agra regula'ris,  Arth'ragra  legit'ima
seu vera seu  genulna seu  norma'lie, (¥.) Goutte
rSgulilre chaude.  At other times,  pains in  the
joints  exist, of more or less acute character; the
swelling being without redness.   These pains
persist, augment, and diminish irregularly, with-
out exhibiting intermission, and, consequently,
without having distinct paroxysms.   The disease
is then called aton'ic, aethen'ic, imperfect or ir-
regular gout,  Chronic G., Arthri'tie aton'ica  seu
aethen'ica,  Arthro'sia Podagra larva'ta, Dyear-
thrltie.  It is, also, commonly called in France
Goutte froide, Goutte  blanche.  It  may appear
primarily, or  succeed attacks of regular gout.
  Gout does not always 6onfine itself to the joints.
It may attack the internal organs: when it is
called  Arthritie aber'rane seu  errat'ica  seu pla-
net'ica, -irth'ragra anom'ala, Pod'agra aber'rane,
 Vare'ni, Wandering, mieplaced, or anomalous gout,
 (¥.) Goutte vague.
   Relrograde gout, Arthritia retrog'rada, Poda-
 gra relrog'rada, Arthro'eia Podagra complica'ta,
 Rece'dent or miepla'ced gout, (¥.) Goutte remontSe,
 G. malplacSe, G.  rentrSe, is when it leaves the
 joints suddenly and attacks  some internal organ,
 as the stomach, intestines, lungs, brain, Ac.
   Gout is also  called, according to the part it
 may affect,  Podagra, Gonagra, Chiragra, Ac
 It may be acute or chronic, and may give rise to
 concretions, which are chiefly composed of urate
 of soda.   See Calculus, (arthritic.)   It may, also,
 give occasion to nodosities, when it is called Ar-
 thritie nodo'ea, (¥.) Goutte nouSc.
   The treatment  is of the  antiphlogistic kind,
 and the local disorder should be but little inter-
 fered with.  Colchicum seems to have great power
 over the disease.  It forms  the basis of the Eau
 mSdicinale d'Hueeon, a celebrated  French gout-
 remedy.  The bowels must  be kept regular  by
 rhubarb and  magnesia; and a recurrence of the
 disease be prevented by abstemious habits.
   Gout, Diaphragmatic, Angina pectoris.
   Gout Paper, so called, Charta antiarthrit'ica,
 Charta antirheumat'ica, is made by spreading a
 very thin  layer of a  mixture  of an ethereal or
 spirituous extract of the bark  of mezereon  root,
 with wax, spermaceti, and oil, over the surfae*
 of paper.
   Gout, Rheumatic, see Rheumatism,  acute—g.
 Weed, Ligusticum podagraria.
   Gout Stones, Calculi, arthritic.
.  GOUT,  Taste.
   GOUTTE, Gout,  Gutta — g. Blanche,  Gou-1
 (atonic)—g. Caduque,  Epilepsy—g. Froide,  Goul
 (atonic)—g.  MalplacSe, Gout (retrograde) — g.
 NouSe, Gout (with  nodosities) — g.  RSgulilre
 chaude, Gout (regular) — g.  RemontSe,  Gout (re-
 trograde)—g. RentrSe, Gout (retrograde)—g. Roee,
 Gutta rosea—g. Sciatique, Neuralgia femoro-pop-
 litaea— g.  Sereine, Amaurosis—g.  Vague,  Gout
 (wandering.)
   GOUTTEUX, Arthritic,  Podagric.
   GOUTTIERE (¥.), Collie"ia.  A gutter in a
 bone, like  that used for carrying off rain.  Some
 of these cavities  are  intended to facilitate the
 sliding of tendons, such as  the Gouttilre Bicipi-
 tale or Bicip'ital groove.   Others, as the Gout-
 tilre eagittale or Sagittal groove, lodge blood-
 vessels and especially veins.  Others, again, are
 merely intended for the support of certain organs;
 as the Gouttilre baeilaire or Bas'ilary foaaa, which
 supports tbe medulla oblongata.
   GOUTTIERE BASIL AIRE, see Gouttilre—
 g. Bicipitale, Bicipital groove — g. Lacrymale,
 Lachrymal groove—g. SacrS,  Sacral  groove —
 g. Sagittale, see Gouttilre.
   GOUTY, Arthritic, Podagric—g. Rheumatism,
 see Rheumatism, acute.
   GOUVERNAIL  DU  TESTICULE, Guber-
 naculum testis.
   GOWAN, EWE, Bellis—g. Yellow, Ranun-
 culus.
   GOWLAND'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion, Gow-
 land's.
   GOWN, RED, Strophulus—g. Yellow, Icterus
 infantum.
   GOWNDE  OF  THE EYE,  Chaeeie.
   GRACE-WIFE, Midwife.
   GRACILARIA LICHENOIDES, Fucus amy-
 laceus.
   GRACILIS,  Macer,  Macilen'tua.    Slender,
 lean.  Also, the slender Rectus inte'rior fern'oris
 seu Grac"ilie interior, (¥.) Soue-pubio-crSti-tibial,
 Soue-pubio-prS'tibial (Ch.), Droit ou grele interne
 de la cuieae.   This muscle is situate at the inside
 of the thigh.  It is  thin  and  very long; and 
GRADUATE              438              GRAPHITES
arises from the descending ramus of the pubis,
to be inserted at the inner and inferior part of
the tuberosity of the tibia.  It bends the leg and
causes adduction of the thigh.  See Grele.
  Gracilis Anterior, Rectus femoris.
  GRAD'UATE,  ffradua'tue, from  gradue, 'a
etep,' ' a degree.'  In medicine, one  who has at-
tained a degree,—usually, the degree  of doctor.
  GR^EA, ypata.  The pellicle  which forms on
milk.  The  folds of skin round the umbilicus.
An old woman.
  GRAIN, Granum; the 60th  part  of a Troy,
and the 72d part of a Poide de marc drachm.
  Grain Oil, Oil,  fusel —g. Oily,  Sesamum ori-
entate.
  GRAINE  D'ASPIC, see  Phalaris Canariensis
—gr. d'Ecariate, Coccus cacti—g. Muec,  Hibiscus
abelmoschus — g. de Paradie, Amomum granum
paradisi — g. de Perroquet, Carthamus tinctorius
(seed)—g. de SantS, see Pilulae aloes  et  kinae
kinae—g. de Turquie, Zea mays.
  GRAINS,  GUINEA, see Pepper, Malagueta.
  Grains of Paradise, Amomum granum Para-
disi.
   GRAISSE, Pinguedo— g. de Mouton, Sevum
— g.  d'Oie, Adeps anserina — gr. OxygSnSe,  Un-
guentum  acidi nitrosi — g. de Pore,  Adeps prae-
paratus.
   GRAMEN  .&GYPTIACUM,  G. Crucis cype-
rioidis—g. Caninum, Triticum repens.
   Gramen Crucis Cyperioi'dis, Gramen JEgyp'-
tiaeum, jEgyp'tian Cock'e foot graea.  Ord.  Gra-
mineae.  The roots and plants possess the virtues
of  the Triticum repene, and have been recom-
mended in the earlier  stages of dropsy.   They
were, formerly, considered to possess  many other
] roperties.
   Gramen Dioscoridis, Triticum repens—g. Ma-
 jor, Sarsaparilla Germanica—g. Orientale, Juncus
odoratus — g. Repens, Triticum  repens — g. Ru-
brum, Sarsaparilla Germanica.
   GRAMIA,  CHASSIE, Lippitndo.
   GRAMINIVOROUS,Graminiv'orue, from gra-
men, 'grass,'  and voro, 'I eat.'   Feeding or sub-
sisting on grass.
   GRAMMARIUM, Scruple.
   GRAMME, ypapun-  An ancient weight, equi-
valent to the 24th part of  an  ounce,  or to 24
grains, or a scruple, avoirdupois.  At the present
day, the gramme is  equal in weight  to a cubed
 centimetre of water;  or to 18 grains,  poids de
marc—15.434 grains, Troy.
   Gramme, Iris, Line.
   GRAMMITIS AUREA, Asplenium ceterach—
g. Ceterach, Asplenium ceterach.
   GRANA, Hemicrania—g. Guineensia, Pepper,
malagueta—g. Molucca, Croton tiglium—g. Mos-
chi, Hibiscus  abelmoschus — g. Orientis, see Me-
nispermum cocculus—g. Paradisi, Amomum gra-
num  Paradisi — g. Tiglii seu Tiglia,  see Croton
tiglium—g. Tilii, Croton tiglium—g. Triticea, see
Hyoides os.
  GRANADILLA, APPLE-SHAPED, Passiflo-
ra maliformis.
  GRANATI RADICIS CORTEX,  see Punica
granatum.
   GRAND DORSAL, Latissimus dorsi.
  GRANDEB'AL^E.  The hair which grows in
the arm-pits.
  GRANDGORE, Syphilis.
  GRANDINOSUM  OS, Cuboid.
  GRANDO.  Chalaza.
  GRANDULA, Gland.
  GRANIV'OROUS, Graniv'orue, from  granum,
'a grain,' and voro, 'I eat.'   Feeding or subsist-
ing on grain or seeds.
  GRANTRISTUM. Anthrax.
  GRANULA SANGUINIS,  Globules of the
Wood—g- Seminis, see Sperm.
       28
   GRAN'ULAR,  Gran'uloue, Granulo'aue, (F.)
 GranulS,  Grnnuleux,  from granulum,  'a small
 grain.'  Composed of or containing granules or
 small particles,—as 'granular eyelid,' 'membrana
 granuloea,' Ac, Ac.
   Granular Degeneration or Disorganization
 of the Kidney, Kidney, Bright's disease  of the
 —g. Conjunctiva, Trachoma—g. Eyelid, Tracho-
 ma— g. Layer, Membrana granulosa — g. Liver,
 Cirrhosis—g. Tin,  see Tin.
   GRANULATED LIVER, Cirrhosis.
   GRANULA'TION, Granula'tio, from granum,
 'a grain.'  Gemma,  (¥.)  Bourgeon,  B. charnu.
 Granulations are the reddish, conical,  flesh-like
 shoots, which form at the surface of suppurating
 wounds and ulcers.  They are the product of in-
 flammatory excitement,  and may be  produced
 in indolent ulcers, by exciting the parts by pro-
 per  stimulants.  They form the basis of the ci-
 catrix.
   Granulation is, likewise, a  name  given by
 the  modern French  physicians  to  an organic
 lesion, consisting in the formation of small, round,
 firm, shining, semi-transparent  tumours,  of the
 size and shape of millet-seed, or of a pea; which
 are  met with in  the  lungs  particularly, and in
 considerable quantity; often without materially
 interfering with their functions.
   In pharmacy, granulation is a process by which
 a metal is reduced to fine grains, by melting it,
' and causing it, whilst liquid, to  pass through a
 kind of sieve into a vessel of water, — as  in the
 making of shot:—or by shaking  or rubbing the
 melted metal in  an  appropriate box or vessel,—
 as in the  formation of granular tin or granulated
 zinc.
   GRANULATIONS  CEREBRALES,  Glan-
 dulae Pacchioni.
   Granula'tions Mil'iary, or  Miliary  tu'ber-
 clee, are the small, transparent grains, of varia-
 ble size, from that of  a millet-seed to that  of a
 grain  of  hemp,  which are presumed to be the
 primitive state of  tubercles.
   GRAN'ULE,  Gran'ulum; diminutive of gra-
 num, ' a grain.'  A small grain ;  a small compact
 particle;  a cytoblast.
   Gran'ules Sem'inal, Gran'ula eem'inie.  Mi-
 nute, rounded, granulated bodies, observable in
 the  semen, which are, in all  cases,  much  less
 numerous than the spermatozoids.  See Sperm.
   GRANULEUX, Granular.
   GRANULOUS, Granular.
   GRANVILLE'S LOTION, see Lotion, Gran-
 ville's counter-irritant.
   GRAPE, see  Vitis vinifera — g. Sea-side, see
 Kino.
   Grape-Cure, (F.) Cure de raiein, (G.) Trau-
 benkur, Weintrau.  A mode of medication in
 Germany, which consists in the use of the grape
 for both  meat and drink; nothing more  at the
 farthest being allowed  than a piece of dry bread.
 This diet  is continued for weeks.  Its effects are
 altogether revellent, and  resemble in  many re-
 spects those of hydropathy.
   Grapes, Dried, Uvae passae.
   GRAPHIDOIDES, Styloid.
   GRAPHIODES, Styloid.
   GRAPHIOIDES, Styloid.
   GRAPHIS'CUS, Graphie'cue Di'oclis.  An in-
 strument   invented  by Diocles  for  extracting
 darts [?].   Said, in many of the Dictionaries, but
 erroneously, to  be  described  by Celsus.  He
 speaks  only of the Cyathis'cus Di'oclis, AiikXuos
 KvaOtoKov.   See Cyathiscus.
   GRAPHI'TES,  Plumba'go, Supercarbure'turn
 seu  Carbure'tum  Ferri, Ferri  Carbona'tum  seu
 Supercarbure'tum,  Carbo minera'lia,  Galene'a,
 Gale'ni, Plumbum nigrum, Certies'a nigra, Gra.
 phite, Car'buret  of iron, Black lead,  Wad, (¥.) 
GRAPHOIDES             434                GRELE
Crayon noir, Plombagine, Chrtrbon minSral, Car- !
bure de fer,  from ypaipio, 'I write.'   This sub-
stance has been esteemed slightly astringent and
desiccative.   It has been advised by Weinhold
in the cure of herpes.
  GRAPHOIDES, Styloid.
  GRAPHOSPASMS, Cramp, writers'.
  GRAS DES CADAVRES, Adipocire — g. de
Jambe, Sura—g. dee Cimetilree, Adipooire—g. de
Jambe, Sura.
  GRAS FONDURE (¥.), Diarrhoe'a adipo'ea,
literally, molten grease.   A species of diarrhoea,
referred to by old writers; accompanied with great
emaciation, and in which the evacuations contain
fat-like matter. According to Sauvages, the Grae-
fondure differs from colliquative diarrhoea in not
being attended with hectic  fever.
   GRASS, Asparagus—g. Bear's, Yucca filamen-
tosa—g. Bermuda, Cynodon dactylon—g. Bitter,
Aletris  farinosa — g.  Blue-eyed, Sisyrinchium
Bermudianum — g. Brome, Bromus ciliatus — g.
Brome, soft, Bromus  ciliatus — g. Canary, culti-
vated, Phalaris Canariensis—g. Couch, Triticum
repens — g. Dog, Triticum  repens — g. Egyptian
cock's foot, Gramen crucis cyperio'ides—g. Goat's,
Scorzonera — g. Knot, Polygonum aviculare — g.
Lilv, Sisyrinchium Bermudianum.
   Grass Oil of Nemaur, Oleum gra.minis Indici.
   Grass, Physic, Sisyrinchium Bermudianum—
g. Rib, Plantago lanceolata—g.  Scurvy,  Sisyrin-
chium Bermudianum—g. Silk, Yucca filamentosa
—g. Sweet, Acorus Calamus.
   Grass Tree, Xanthorrhoea.
   Grass, Vipers', Scorzonera—g. Yellow-eyed,
Xyris bulbosa.
   GRASSET (¥.).  The anterior region of the
thigh, bounded below by the patella.
   GRASSEYEMENT (¥.), Sonne blaeue, Rota-
cia'mue, from (F.) grae, 'thick.' 'Speaking thick.'
According to Sauvages, a  vicious pronunciation
of the letter r.  They who speak thick,  like the
inhabitants of Newcastle, in England, or of Havre,
in  France, have difficulty in pronouncing the r,
 and they frequently substitute for it  the letter I;
but this does not  properly constitute Graaaeye-
 ment.   It  consists  in this: that, in words  in
 which the letter r is joined to another consonant,
 a sort  of burring or guttural rolling is heard,
 nearly like that produced by gargling.   See Ro-
 tocism.
   GRASUS,  Cinabra.
    GRATELLE, Psoriasis.
   GRATIA DEI, Gratiola officinalis.
   GRATIOLA CENTAURIOIDES,G. officinalis.
   Gratio'la Officina'lis,  Digitcllia  min'ima,
 Gra'tia Dei, Gratiola CentaurioVdea, Hedge hye-
 »op, Herb of Grace, from gratia, 'grace or favour,'
 owing to its presumed excellent  medical virtues.
 It is  a native of the  south  of Europe  (F.)
 Gratiole, SSnS dee prSe, Petite digitate, Herbe au
 pauvre homme.  The plant is  inodorous;  taste
 strong, bitter, nauseous.  It is  possessed of an-
 thelmintic, purgative, emetic, and diuretic pro-
 perties.  Dose, ten grains.
    GRATIOLE, Gratiola officinalis.
    GRATTERON, Galium aparine.
    GRA TTOIR, Raspatorium.
    GRAY AT IF, Heavy.
    GRAVE,  Serious—g. Plant, Datura sanguinea.
    GRAVEDO, Catarrh, Coryza—g. Neonatorum,
 Snutiles.
    GRAVEL, Lith'id rena'lie areno'ea, Lithi'aeie
 vephrit'ica seu rena'lie, (¥.) Gravelle.  A disease
 occasioned by small coneretions, similar to ^and
 or gravel,  Gla'rea, (¥.) Gravier, which form in
 the kidneys,  pass along the ureters  to the/blad-
 der, and are expelled with the urine.   These con-
 cretions, which are commonly composed of uric
 acid and an animal matter, are  deposited at the j
bottom of the vessel, immediately after the excre-
tion  of  the  urine ;  and, by .their  hardness  and
resistance under  the  finger, differ considerably
from the ordinary  sediment of that liquid.  A
vegetable diet and  alkaline drinks are  the  best
prophylactics.  See Calculi, urinary.   A fit of
the Gravel,  Nephralgia calculo'ea seu areno'ea,
Co'lica  nephrilica, is the excruciating  sufferi; <;
induced by the passage of gravel from the kidney
to the bladder.  It can only be relieved by anaes-
thetics,  opiates, the warm bath, Ac.
  When the  deposit is in fine particles,  it is
termed  Sand,  Are'na, Are'nula, Peam'ma, Peam-
mu8.
  Gravel  Grass, Galium verum.
  Gravel, Pileous or Hairy, (F.) Gravelle pi-
leuee. A species of gravel containing hairs, phos-
phate of lime, ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate,
and  a little uric acid.—Magendie.
  Gravel  Plant, Epigaea repens—g. Root, Eu-
patorium purpureum.
  GRA VELEUX,  Calculous.
  GRAVELLE,  Chalaza,  Gravel—g. Pilense,
Gravel, pileous.
  GRAVEOLENS, Fetid.
  GRAVID, Pregnant.
  GRAVIDIN;   from   gravidue,  'pregnant,'
gruvie,  'heavy.'  A sediment in  the urine of
pregnant  women, which by  its  decomposition
gives rise to the pellicle kyestein.  It differs from
albumen, casein and gelatin.—Stark.
  GRAVIDITAS, Fecundation, Pregnancy —g.
Abdominalis,  Pregnancy, abdominal — g. Extra-
uterina, see Pregnancy—g. Extra-uterina in Ova-
rio,  Pregnancy,  ovarian—g.  Extra-uterina Se-
cundaria, Metacyesis — g.  Interstitialis,  Preg-
nancy,  interstitial—g. Molaris,  Mole—g. Ovarii,
Pregnancy, ovarian—g. Spuria,  Pregnancy,  false
—g. Tubaria, Pregnancy, tubal, Salpingo-cyesis
—g. Uteri substantia, Pregnancy, interstitial—g.
Uterina, Pref;naj*;y.
  GRA VIER, (Mvel.
  GRAVIMETER, Areometer.
  GRAVIS, Heavy.
  GRAVITY, SPECIF'IC, Gravitae epecif'ica,
(¥.) Peaanteur epScifique.  The relation between
the  weight of a  body and  its bulk: thus,  sup-
posing  four bodies to  be  of  the  same size, but to
weigh,  one four, another three, another  two, and
the  fourth one;  the specific gravity of the first
will be  four times greater than  that of the  last.
The  specific  gravities of different bodies   are,
therefore,  as  the weights,  bulk for bulk.   For
solids,  and liquids, water is taken  as the unit;
atmospheric air  for the  gases.  Thus, water is
 1.000;  mercury, «at  the common temperature,
 13.58.  Whence, we conclude mercury is between
thirteen and fourteen times heavier than water.
   GRAYHAIRED, see Poliosis.
   GRAY MATTER  OF THE BRAIN, Cortex
 cerebri, see Neurine.
   GREASE,  from (F.) Graieee, 'fat'  A specific
 inflammation, affecting the skin of the heels of
 the  horse, which is  especially  interesting  from
 the  circumstance,  that  the matter, if  Inserted
 under  the cuticle of an unprotected individual,
 may give rise to  an affection — greaee-pox, vari-
 ola equina — which  preserves the person  from
 small-pox. [?]
   Grease, Barrow's, Adeps suillus — g. Goose,
 Adeps  anserinus—g. Molten, Grae fondure.
   Grease Pox,  see Grease.
   GREENHEART, see Bebeeru.
   GREENHOW'S  TINCTURE   FOR   THE
 TEETH, Spiritus armoraciae compositus.
   GREEN SICKNESS, Chlorosis.
   GREENWEED, Genista tinctora.
   GRELE (F.), Grae"Hie,' long and thin.'   This 
GRELE
435
GRYPHIUS  PES
epithet is given by tho French to various  parts,
as the
  Apophyee Greledu Marteau, the elender apoph'-
yaia  or proceee of the mal'leue.  A  long process
situate at the anterior part of the neck of the
malleus,  which passes out by the fissure of Gla-
serius.  It is also called the Apophy'sie of Ran,
although  it was already known to  Fabricius ab
Aquapendente and to Caecllius Follius.
   GRELE, Chalaza—g.  Interne de  la Cuieee,
Gracilis.
   GREMIL  OFFICINAL, Lithospermum  offi-
cinale.
   GREMIUM, Vulva.
   GRENADE, Influenza.
   GRENADIER, Punica granatum.
   GRENADIN, see Punica granatum.
   GRENIERS, Vesiculae seminales.
   GRENOUILLE, Rana esculenta.
   GRENOUILLETTE, Ranula.
   GREOULX, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Sul-
phuretted springs in  the  department of Basses-
Alpes, France.
   GRESSURA, Perinaeum.
   GRESSUS, Walking.
   GREVEURE, Hernia.
   GRIELUM, Apium petroselinum,  Smyrnium
 olusatrum.
   GRIFF, see Mulatto.
   GRIFFO,  see Mulatto.
   GRINCEMENT DES DENTS, Brygmus.
   GRINCOMES, Syphilis.
   GRINDERS,  Molar teeth—g.  Asthma, see
 Asthma, grinders'-£-g. Rot, Asthma, grinders'.
   GRINDING  MILL, see Pulverization.
   GRIPE, CUTTING ON THE, see  Lithotomy.
   GRIPES,  Tormina, Colic.
   Gripes, Watery.  A popular name for  a dan-
 gerous disease of infancy, common in England,
 which does not differ essentially from  the cholera
 infantum of this country.
   GRIPHOSIS, Onychogryphosis.
   GRIPPE(¥.), from gripper, 'to gripe,'  'catch
 hold of.'  A vulgar name for  several catarrhal
 diseases,  which have reigned  epidemically; as
 the  influenza.
   GRIPPE, Pinched.
   GRISOU, see Hydrogen, carburetted.
   GRISTLE, Cartilage.
   GRITS, Groats.
   Grit  Gruel,  Water  gruel.   This  is  made
 as follows: — Take three  ounces of grite; wash
 them well in cold water, and, having  poured off
 the  fluid, put them into four pints of fresh  water,
and boil  slowly until the wa^er is reduced  one-
half; then strain through  a sieve.  It is a good
 demulcent, and is employed also as a vehicle for
clysters.
   GROAN, see Suspirium.
   GROATS, German  Griitze; Grutum, Ave'na
excortica'ta ; (¥.) Gruau,  Oatmeal, (  Yorkshire.)
Oats, hulled,  but unground, (Lancashire.) Hulled
oats, half ground.  Oats that have the  hulls taken
off;  Grite, (Prov.) Outline.  When crushed, they
are  termed  Embden  groate.  In  America, fine
hominy is called Grite, and  wheat prepared in
the  same way is likewise so  designated.   It is
also called wheaten hominy.
   Groats, Cracow, Semolina.
   GROCERS' ITCH, see Eczema Impetiginodes,
Psoriasis.
   GROG-BLOSSOMS, Gutta rosea.
   GROG-ROSES, Gutta rosea.
   GROMWELL, Lithospermum officinale.
   GROOVE, Furrow, Sulcue, (¥.) Rainure.  Ice-
landic, grafia, Sax. srapan, 'to dig.'  A channel
or gutter  in a bone  or surgical  instrument,  bee
Couliaae.
  Groove, Prim'itive, Primitive etreak or tract,
Nota  primiti'va.   A bright streak in  the long
axis of the pellucid part of the area germinativa,
after it presents a central pellucid and a periphe-
ral opake part, and passes from the round to tha
pear shape.
  GROOVED.  Same etymon.  Sulca'tus, Stria'.
tue, Canalicula'tue,  (¥.) CannelS ou Cartels  ou
CanaliculS ; Canaliculated.  Having a small chan-
nel or gutter.
  GROS, Drachm—g. Cou, Bronchocele.
  GROSEILLES, Ribes rubrum—g. d Maque-
reau,  Ribes uva crispa.
  GROSEILLER  NOIR,  Ribes   nigrum —#.
Rouge, Ribes rubrum.
  GROSSE GORGE, Bronchocele.
  GROSSESSE,  Pregnancy—gr.   Abdominale,
Pregnancy, abdominal — g. Afoetale, Pregnancy,
afoetal — g. Bigeminale, Pregnancy, bigeminal —
y. Complexe, Pregnancy, complex — g. CompoaSe,
Pregnancy,  compound — g. Contre-nature, Preg-
nancy, extra-uterine—g.  Fausse ou apparente,
Pregnancy, false—g. Foetale, Pregnancy, foetal—
g. Gazo-hysterique,  Pregnancy,  gazo-hysteric —-
g. HSmato-hyetSrique, Pregnancy, hemato-hyste-
ric—g. Hydro-hyatSrique, Pregnancy, hydro-hys-
teric— g.  Inter-extra-utSrine, Pregnancy,  com-
plex—g. Ovarienne, Pregnancy, ovarial—g. Sar-
co-hystSrique, Pregnancy, sarco-hysteric—g. Scu-
cofoztale, Pregnancy, sarcofcetal—g. Simple, Preg-
nancy, solitary—g. Solitaire, Pregnancy, solitary
— g.  TrigSminale,  Pregnancy,   trigeminal — g.
Triple, Pregnancy, trigeminal—g. Tubaire, Preg-
nancy, tubal— g. UtSro-abdominale, Pregnancy,
utero-abdominal—g. UtSro-ovarienne, Pregnancy,
utero-ovarian—g. UtSro-tubaire, Pregnancy, ute-
ro-tubal.
  GROSSULARIA, Ribes uva crispa—g. Nigra,
Ribes nigrum—g. Non spinosa, Ribes nigrum—g.
Rubra, Ribes rubrum.
  GROTTO DEI  SERPI  (I.)  'Grotto of ser-
pents.'  A  grotto near Braccano, in Italy, filled
with warm water, to which invalids, affected with
skin diseases, resort.
  GROUILLEMENT D'ENTRAILLES, Bor-
borygmus.
  GROUND  BERRY,  Gaultheria —g. Holly,
Gaultheria—g. Ivy, Gaultheria,  Glechoma hede-
racea— g.  Nut, Arachis hypogea,  Pignut — g.
Pine,  Teucrium chamaepitys — g. Pine, French,
Teucrium iva.
  GROUNDIE SWALLOW, Senecio.
  GROUNDSEL,  Senecio — g.  Tree, Baccharis
halimifolia.
  GRQUSEBERRY, Gaultheria.
  GROWTH,  from Dutch  groyen, 'to grow,'
Incremen'tum,  Crescen'tia, Anaplo'eie, Anaptyx'ie,
(¥.) Croiesance, Crue.  The  development of the
body; particularly in the direction of its height.
Also,  any adventitious tissue; thus, we  speak of
a morbid growth or formation. See Development.
  GROZET-EYED, Goggle-eyed.
  GRUAU, Groats.
  GRUB,  Larve, see Ectozoa.
  Grubs, Acne punctata.
  GRUEL, GRIT, see Grits—g. Water,  sec Are-
na, and Grits.
  GRUFF, from Teutonic ge, and ruh, 'rough.'
In pharmacy, the coarse residue, which will not
pass through the sieve in pulverization.
  G RUM EAU, Coagulum.
  GRUMOUS, Grumo'eus,j(¥.) GrumelS, Grume-
leux, from  grumue, ' a clot.'   Clotted.
  GRUMUS, Coagulum.
  GRUTUM.   'Groats.'  Grutum Milium, Mil-
ium.   A hard white tubercle of the skin, resem-
bling, in size and appearance, a millet-seed.  It
is confined to the face.  See, also, Groats.
  GRYPH'IUS  PES.  The Griffon'a foot, (F.> 
GRYPHOSIS              436                 GUMMI
 Pied de Griffon,  An instrument of which Am-
 brose Pare speaks, which was used for extracting
 moles from the uterus.
   GRYPHOSIS, Onychogryphosis.
   GRYPO'SIS, from ypvtrou, 'I incurvate.'  In-
 cnrva'tio.  Curvature or crookedness in general.
 Crookedness or incurvation of the nails.  See
>. Onychogrypoeia.
   GRYPOTES, see  Grypus.
   GRYPUS.  One who has a crooked or aquiline
 nose.   The condition is termed Gry'potee.
   GUA'CO, Hiia'co. The name of a plant, Eu-
 pato'rium Guaco,  decribed  by  Humboldt and
 Bonpland under the name Mika'nia Guaco, Ord.
 Compositae, which grows in the valleys of Mada-
 lena, Rio-Cauca,  Ac, in  South America.  The
 negroes use the juice against the bites of poison-
 ous reptiles ;—both  in the way  of prevention and
 cure.   It has been, of late, brought  forward as a
 remedy in cholera.
   GUAIAC, see Guaiacum.
   GUAIACI LIGNUM, see Guaiacum —g. Re-
 sina, see Guaiacum.
   GUAIACINE. see Guaiacum.
   GUAI'ACUM, G. Ojficina'le seu America'num,
 Lignum vita seu  eanctum seu benedic'tum  seu
 Ind'icum, Pal us aanctua, Hagiox'ylum, (¥.) Gayac,
 Ga'iac. Ord. Zygophylleae.  The resin—Guaiaci
 Reelna, Guaiac, (¥.) RSeine ou Gomme de Ga'iac
 —and  the wood—Guaici lignum—are both used
 in  medicine.  Their odour is  slightly fragrant;
 taste warm and bitter, of the resin more so than
 of  the wood.  The resin  is  concrete,  brittle;
 colour, externally, greenish; internally  grayish.
 Water  dissolves about  one-tenth; alcohol  95
 parts.  It is soluble, also, in liquor potaaaa 15 parts,
 liquor ammonia 38  parts.  The powder is whitish,
 but changes green in  the  air. The base of the
 guaiacum is a peculiar resin, called Guaiacine.
    Guaiacum is stimulant and diaphoretic;  and
 jn large doses, purgative.   It  is administered in
 chronic  rheumatism, gout, cutaneous  diseases,
 and the sequelae of syphilis.   Dose of resin, gr.
 v to xx :—to purge, gr. xx to xl.
    Guaia'cum sanctum, and G. anguetifo'liumh&ve
 the same virtues as G. officinale.
    GUALTHERIA, Gaultheria.
    GUANO, — according  to  Tschudi,  properly
  Huann,—is formed of the excrements of different
  kinds  of marine birds—mews, divers, sheerbreaks,
  Ac, but especially  of the Sula variega'ta.  It is
  found in enormous layers in the South American
  islands of  the Pacific, and is used as manure.
    GUARANA, Paullinia.
    GUARANHEM, Monesia.
    GUARANIN, see Coffea Arabica.
    GUARAPO.   A fermented liquor made,  in
  Peru, of sugar-cane pulp and.  water. It is a very
  favourite beverage of the negroes,.—Tschudi.
     GUARD (for a bed), Allee.
     GUARERBA ORBA, Momordica elaterium.
     GUAVA APPLE, Psidium pomiferum.
     GUAYAVA, Psidium pomiferum.
     GUAZA, see Bangue.
     GUBERNACULUM  DENTIS, (gubernacu-
  lum, ' a rudder.')   A cord, which passes from the
  follicle of the permanent tooth along a small long
  canal behind the alveolus of the  milk tooth,  and
  becomes continuous with the  gum.  The guber-
  naculum has been  supposed to direct the perma-
  nent tooth outwards.  The canal has been jtermed
  Iter dentie.
     GuBERNACULUM Testis, Giibernacttlum  teetie,
  Hunteri, G. Huuteri,  Hunteri Ligamen'tum  sus-
  peneo'rium Teetie,  (¥.) Gouvernail du testicule. A
  triangular, fibro-cellular cord; which, in the foetus,
  arises from the ramus of the ischium and the skin
  of the scrotum, and proceeds to the posterior part
  of the testicle, before this organ  issues  from  the
abdomen.  It has been supposed to be a continu-
ation  of the fascia superficialis  with muscular
fibres from  the internal  oblique  muscle, which
pass upwards to the testis when in the abdomen ;
and by their contraction draw the  testis down,
and ultimately form the cremaster muscle.
  GUEPE, Wasp.
  GUERISON, Cure.
  GUERISSABLE, Curable.
  fjtT^Viscum album—g.de Chine,Viscum album.
  GUIDER, Tendon.
  GUILANDI'NA  MORIN'GA, Hyperanthc'ra
moringa.   A plant,  Ord. Leguminosae, which
affords the Ben nut, and the lignum nephrit'icum.
It is also called Morin'ga  Ole'if'era seu Zeylailica
seu Nux ben. Under the name  Guilandina mo-
ringa, Linnaeus is said to have  confounded Mo-
ringa pterygosperm'a and M. ap'tera.  Hyperan-
the'ra moringa is  a  synonyme  of  the  former
species.  The nut Ben, Ben nux, Glans unguenta'-
ria, Bal'anus Myrep'sica, San'dalum caru'leum,
 Oily Acorn or Ben nut, is a West  India nut which
furnishes an oil, O'leum Balani'num, Oil of Ben,
 that does not become  rancid by age, and is hence
used by perfumers.  It is purgative.
   The wood  of the Guilandina is called Lignum
Nephrit'icum, and has been used in decoction, in
affections of the urinary  organs.
   GUILLOTINE, TONSIL, Amygdalatome.
   GUILTY  CUPS, Ranunculus  acris.
   GU1MAUVE,  Althaea—£.  VeloutSe, Hibiscus
 abelmoschus.
   GULA, GSsophagus, Pharynx.
   GULjE IMBECILLITAS,  Pharyngoplegia —
 g. Principium, Pharynx.
   GULLET, Oesophagus.
   GULLION, Colic.
   GULOSUS, Glutton.
   GULSCHOCH, Icterus.
   GUM,ACAROID, see Xanthorrhcea—g.Anime,
 Anime—g. Arabic, Acaciae gummi—g. Artificial,
 Dextrin — g. Bassora, Bassora gum — g. Black-
 boy, see Xanthorrhcea.
   Gum Boil, Parulis.
   Gum, British, Dextrin — g. Butea, see Butea
 frondosa—g. Caranna, Caranna—g. Dragon, Tra-
 gacantha—g. East India, see Feronia elephantum
 —g. Elastic, Caoutchouc.
   Gum op the Eye, Chassie—g. Falling away of
 the,  Ulatrophia — g.  Hemlock,  see Pinus Cana-
 densis— g. Indigenous, Gummi nostras — g. Ivy,
 see Hedera helix—g. Juniper, Sandarac.
   Gum-Lancet, Dentiscal'pium,  Odontog'lyphon,
 (¥.) DSchaussoir.  An instrument for separating
 the gum from the. cervix of the tooth, prior  to
 extraction.  It is formed much like a fleam. The
 operation itself is called Lancing the gums, Den'-
 tium scalptu'ra, (¥.) Dechaussement.
    Gum,  Orenburg,  see  Pinus  larix — g.  Red,
  Strophulus.
    Gum Resin, Gummi resina.
    Gum,  Sandarach, Sandarac — g. Sassa, Sassa
 —g. Seneca, AcaciaB  gummi—g. Senega, Acaciae
 gummi — g. Shrinking  of the,  Ulatrophia — g.
  Sweet, Liquidambar styraciflua — g. Tragaoanth,
  Tragacanth.
    Gum Tree, Brown, see Kino.
    Gum,  White, Liquidambar styraciflua, Stro.
  phulus—g. Yellow, Icterus infantum.
    GUMMA, (F.)  Gomme.   An elastic tumour
  formed in the periosteum occupying particularly
  the  cranium and sternum, and produced by the
  syphilitic virus, when it has been long in the con-
  stitution.  It is so called, because, when opened,
  it contains a matter like gum.
    GUMMI, Commi, Konpi, (¥.)  Gomme.  An im-
  mediate principle of vegetables.   It is a solid,
  uncrystallizable, inodorous substance, of a mawk- 
GUMMIDODES             43
ish taste, unchangeable in the air, insoluble in I
alcohol, but soluble in water, with which it forms
a mucilage.  It is obtained from various species
of mimosa and prunus;  and consequently there
are many  varieties of gum.   They are used in
medicines  as demulcents, emollients, and relax-
ants, particularly in catarrh, intestinal irritations,
Ac; and in Pharmacy, they are employed in the
formation of emulsions, pills, Ac.
   Gummi Acaciae Arabics, Acaciae gummi — g.
Acanthinum, Acaciae  gummi — g.  Acaroides, see
Xanthorrhcea,—g. Adstringens Fothergilli, Kino
—g. Ammoniacum, Ammoniac—g. Anime, Anime
—g. Arabicum, Acaciae gummi—g. Astragali Tra-
gacanthae, Tragacantha — g. Bogia, Cambogia —
g. Brelisis, Caranna—g. Copallinum, Copal — g.
Elasticum, Caoutchouc — g. Euphorbiae, see Eu-
phorbia officinarum—g. Gamandrae, Cambogia —
g. Gambiense, Kino — g. de Goa, Cambogia — g.
Gutta, Cambogia — g. Hederae, see Hedera helix
— g. de Jemu,  Cambogia — g. Juniperi, Sandarac
—g. Laccae, Lacca—g. Ladanum, see Cistus cre-
ticus—g. Lamac, Acaciae  gummi—g. Laricis, see
 Pinus larix—g. Leucum, Acaciae gummi.
   Gummi Nostras, (F.) Gomme du Pays; Indig"-
 enoua  Gum.  These generic names are given to
 several species of gum, which flow spontaneously
 from certain indigenous fruit trees, — such as the
 almond, cherry, peach, apricot, Ac.  The  indige-
 nous gums have nearly the same properties as
 gum Arabic; but they are inferior to it.
   Gummi Orenburgense, see Pinus larix—g. Pa-
 naris, see Pastinaca opoponax—g. ad Podagram,
 Cambogia.
   Gummi-Resi'na,  Gum-reain.  A milky juice,
 obtained by making incisions  into the branches,
 stalks and roots  of certain vegetables.  Gum-re-
 sins are compounds of resin, gum, often with es-
 sential oil, and  different other vegetable matters.
 They are solid, opake, brittle, of a strong odour,
 acrid taste, variable colour, and are heavier than
 water.   Water dissolves a part of them, and al-
 cohol another;  hence  proof  spirit is the proper
 menstruum. The generality of  the  gum-resins
 are powerful stimulants to the whole or to parts of
 the economy.  The chief are aeafcetida, gum am-
 moniac, euphorbium, galbanum, camboge,  myrrh,
 olibanum,  opoponax, ecammony, aloee, Ac.
   Gummi Rubrum Adstringens Gambiense, Ki-
 no, see Butea Frondosa—g. Seneca, Senegal gum
 —g. Senega, Senegal, gum—g. Senegalense, Se-
 negal, gum — g. Senica, Senegal, gum — g. Sera-
 pionis, Acaciae  gummi — g.  Thebaicum,  Acaciae
 gummi—g. Tragacantha, Tragacantha—g. Ura-
 lensc see  Pinus larix.
   GUMMIDODES, Mucilaginous.
   GUMMIODES, Mucilaginous.
   GUMMOSUS, Mucilaginous.
   GUMS, Gingivae.
   GUN-COTTON, see Collodion —g. c. Ethereal
 solution of, Collodion.
   GUNJAH, see Bangue.
   GUNNERA   PERPEN'SA.  A  South  Afri-
 can plant, Nat. Ord. Urticaceae; the decoction of
 which is taken as a domestic remedy by the farm-
 ers, as a tonic  in dyspepsia.   A tincture has been
 used in gravel.  An infusion of the leaves is de-
 mulcent, and is employed in pulmonary affections.
 The leaves are applied fresh, to cure wounds and
 ulcers.
   GURGES, Pharynx.
   GURGITELLO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 A thermal spring in the isle of Ischia.  Temp, at
 its source, 176° Fah.  It contains carbonic acid,
 carbonates of lime, magnesia, iron and soda, sul-
 phates of  lime and soda, chloride of sodium and

   GURGLING.  'Gushing with noise,' as water
 from a bottle.   (F.) Gargouillement, same etymon
7       GUTT.E  ABBATIS,  &c.
as gargle.   The rhonchus or rdle  beard on aus-
cultation when there is a cavity in the lungs con-
taining pus.  It is the ' cavernous  rattle or rhon-
chua,' Rdle caverneux.  The size  of the bubbles
heard varies, and hence the rhonchus  has  been
called cavetrnoue and cavern'iiloua, (¥.) Rdle ca-
vernuleux.  If the  cavern be large, this rdle will
nearly resemble the gurgling of a bottle (glouglou
d'une bouteille ;) if, on the contrary, the cavern
be  small, it  will not differ from the  rdle mu-
queux.
  GURGULIO,  Penis, Uvula.
  GUSTATIF, (Nerfi) see Lingual Nerve.
  GUSTATION, Degustation,  Taste.
  GUSTATORY NERVE, see Lingual Nerve.
  GUSTUS,  Taste—g. Depravatus, Parageustia.
  GUT, Gout, Intestine—g. Blind, Caecum.
  GUTS,  SLIPPERINESS OF THE,  Lientery.
  GUTTA, Apoplexy, Cambogia,  Gout.
  GUTTA.  A Drop, Stalag'ma,  Alun'eel, Stilla
(¥.) Goutte.  A  quantity of liquid, generally va-
lued, in pharmacy, at the weight of a grain.  The
weight, however, varies  according to   different
circumstances, as the degree of tenacity of the
fluid, and the extent of moist surface to  which the
suspended drop is attached before it falls; and it
was found by Mr. Alsop to*be influenced by the
size of the bottle, and the angle of inclination  at
which it was held during the operation of drop-
ping.  The following  are some of his  results  as
to  the number  of  drops required to measure a
fluidrachm, when dropped from a large and a small
bottle.
                       From a large From a small
                           bottle.    bottle.
(fgj) Diluted sulphuric acid ....24  drops 84 drops
     Scheele's hydrocyanic acid 35.......   70
     Distilled water...............31.......   54
     Solution of  ammonia.......40........   48
     Tincture of opium...........84.......  135
     Rectified spirits.............100.......  130
     Tincture ofchlorideofironlOO.......  150

  Gutta GamandRjE, Cambogia—g. Gamba, Cam-
bogia—g. Opaca, Cataract.
  Gutta  Percha, Gutta tuban, Gomme  getta'nia.
The concrete juice of  a tree—laonan'dra gutta—
which is indigenous in Singapore and its vicinity,
and belongs  to the Natural  Order Sapotaceae.
Plunged in boiling water it softens, when it may
be  moulded  like caoutchouc to any form, which
it retains on cooling.   Splints and other instru-
ments have been made of it.
  A solution of gutta percha in chloroform—Trau^
malicine  — has been  used with advantage, topi-
cally, in  various cutaneous affections,  scrofulous
and indolent ulcers, and  as an ectrotic in small-
pox.
  Gutta  Rosacea  Syphilitica, Crown of Venus.
  Gutta  Ro'se'a,  G. Roaa'cea, lon'thua corytnb'-
ifer, Crusta  serpigino'sa seu prurigino'sa, Acne
rosa'cea,  Roae'ola  acno'sa,  Thylacii'tis, Bacchia,
Butiga, Car'buncled Face,  Rosy Drop or Whelk,
 Copper-nose,  Bottle-nose,  Grog-blossoms, Groq-
roses, Brandy-face, (¥.) Couperose, Goutte  Rose,
Bourgeons,  Dartre puetuleuae  couperoae.   An
eruption  of  small, suppurating  tubercles, with
shining redness, and an  irregular granular  ap-
pearance  of the  skin of the part of the face which
is affected.  The redness commonly appears first
at the end of the nose, and then spreads on both
sides.   It is often produced  by  hard  drinking.
Its cure must be attempted by regular regimen,
and cooling means  internally : weak spirituous or
saturnine  lotions  externally.   The affection  is
usually very obstinate.
   Gutta  Serena,  Amaurosis — g. Tuban, Gutta
percha.
   GUTT.E ABBATIS  ROUSSEAU, Laudanum
abbatis Rousseau—g.  Ammoniaci, see Ammonia* 
GUTTALIS  CARTILAGO      438                GYTLING
gum—g. Acidae tonicae, Elixir Acidum  Halleri—
g. Nervines, Alcohol sulfurieo-aethereus ferri.
  Guttle Nigr^E, Ace'tum. o'pii,  Common  Black
Drop.  (Opii ^viij, oeett  deatillat. tbij. Infuse.)
  The celebrated Black Drop, Lan'caeter or Qua-
ker'e Black Drop may be made as follows.   Take
half a pound of opium eliced; three pints of good
verjuice, (juice of the wild crab,) one and  a half
ounce of nutmegs, and half an ounce of saffron.
Boil to a proper thickness, and add a quarter of a
pound of sugar, and two spoonfuls of yeast.  Set
the whole in a warm place, near the fire, for  six
or eight weeks; then place it in the'open air un-
til it becomes a syrup.  Lastly, decant, filter, and
bottle it up, adding a little sugar to each  bottle.
One drop is equal to three of laudanum;  and it
Is  nearly devoid  of all the  unpleasant exciting
effects of the latter.  An analogous formula is
contained in  the  Pharmacopoeia of the United
States under  the name Ace'tum opii, Vinegar of
Opium.
  GUTTALIS  CARTILAGO, Arytenoid Carti-
lage.
  GUTTERIA, Bronchocele.
  GUTTUR.  The  throat; the  larynx; the
trachea.            ^
  Guttur Globosum, Bronchocele—g. Tumidum,
Bronchocele.
  GUT'TURAL,  Guttura'lie, from guttur, 'the
throat.'  Relating or belonging to the throat.
  The Superior  Thyroideal  Artery is sometimes
called Guttural Artery.
  A Guttural Cough is one occasioned by irrita-
tion of the larynx or trachea.
  A Guttural Sound is one produced, as it were,
in the throat.
  GUTTURIS OS, Hyoides os.
  GUTTURNIA, Arytenoid cartilages.
  GYMNA, Genital Organs.
  GYMNASION, Exercise.
  GYMNA'SIUM, from yvpvos, 'naked.' Palae'-
tra.  An establishment amongst the ancients, in-
tended for bodily exercises, as wrestling, running,
Ac ; a term  now  used, in Germany more espe-
cially, for an  academy or higher school.
   GYMNAST,  Gymnae'tee, Gymnae'ta; same
etymon.   The manager of a gymnasium.  One,
whose profession it is to prevent or cure diseases
by gymnastics.
   GYMNASTICS, Gymnae'tica,  Medici'na gym-
nae'tica  seu eueclica, Somascelice, (¥.) Gymnne-
tique, SomaecStique.  Same  etymon.  That part
of  hygienic medicine which treats of bodily exer-
cises.  It is  called  Med'ical  Gymnaetica.  The
ancients had  also Athlet'ic Gymnastics, and Mil-
itary Gymnastics.  Herodicus, of Selivraea, first
proposed gymastics for tbe cure of disease.
   GYMNASTIQUE, Gymnastics.
   GYMNEU'RA  LACTIF'ERUM, Ceylon cow-
tree, Kiriaghuma. A tree, of the Family Apocy-
naceae, the juice of which is used  by the Cinga-
lese as milk.
   GYMNOC'LADUS CANADENSIS, Coffee
 Tree,  Kentucky   Coffee-bean  Tree,  Mahogany,
Nickar Tree, Bondue.  Order, Leguminosae ; from
yvpvos, 'naked,'  and xXaSos,  'a  branch.'  An in-
digenous tree, which grows from Ohio to Louisi-
ana.  The leaves are cathartic, and said to con-
tain cytisin.  The seeds are  a good substitute for
CO u66
   GYMNOGRAMME CETERACH, Asplenium
ceterach.
   GYMNOPTERIS  CETERACH,  Asplenium

   GYMNOSIS, Denudation.
   GYN.E'CANER, from ywn,yvvaiKos, 'a woman,'
 and avnp, ' a man.'  Vir effcemina'tus. An  effemi-
 nate man.
   GYNJECANTHE, Tamus  communis.
   GYNECATOP'TRON, from ywn, ywateos, 'a
 woman,' and Karo-rtTpov, ' a speculum.'  A  specu-
 culum  for  investigating the female organs of
 generation.
j   GYN^ECEA, Gynaeceia.
i   GYNJECEI'A, Gynaci'a, Gynace'a, from ywn,
1 ywaiKos,' a woman.' The catamenia;—the lochia.
 The diseases of women in general.—Hippocrates,
. Galen, Foesius.
   GYNiECEUM, Antimonium, Vulva.
   GYN^CE'US, from ywn, ywaiKos, ' a woman.'
 Belonging to women.  Female.  Feminine.
   GYN.<ECIA,  Gynaeceia, Menses.
   GYNjECOLOG"IA,  Gynecology, from  yyvn,
 ywaiKos,  'a woman,' and Xoyos,  'a description.'
 The doctrine  of  the  nature, diseases,  Ac. of
i women.
   GYNjECOMA'NIA, from  ywn, ywaiKos, 'wo-
 man,' and  pavia, 'mania,' 'rage.'  That  species
 of insanity, which arises from love for women.
! Some have used  the  word  synonymously with
 nymphomania.
   GYNECOMAZIA,  see Gynoecomastus.
   GYNECOMAS'TUS,  Gynacomas'thus, from
 ywn,  ywaiKos,  ' woman,' and paeros, ' a  breast.'
 A man whose breasts  are as large  as those of a
 woman. — Galen,  Ingrassias.  The condition  is
 called Gynecomania.
   A considerable enlargement of the breasts of a
 female was formerly called Gynacomas'ton.
   GYNiECOMYS'TAX, from ywn,  ywaiKos, 'wo-
 man, and avera^, 'the beard.'  The hair  on the
 pubes of women.—Rolfink.
   GYNECOPHO'NUS, from ywn, ywaiKos, 'wo-
 man,' and  tpiavn, 'voice.'  A man  who  has an
 effeminate voice.
   GYNANDRIA, Hermaphrodeity.
   GYNANDROP'SIS PENTAPHYL'LA, Cleo'-
 ne  pentaphylla.  Ord.  Capparidaceae ; an indi-
I genous plant, is possessed of diaphoretic proper-
j ties.  The juice alone, or mixed with oil, has been
 used in earache.
   GYNANDRUS, Gynanthropus.
   GYNANTHRO'PUS, Gynan'drue.  An  her-
 maphrodite who belongs more to the male than
 to the female sex.
   GYNATRE'SIA, from ywn,  'a  woman,' and
 arpnros, ' imperforate.'  Closure or  imperforation
 of the external  parts of generation of the female.
   GYNE, Female, Woman.
   GYNECOLOGY,  Gynaecologia.
   GYNIDA,  Hermaphrodite.
   GYNOARIUM, Ovarium.
   GYNOCARDIA ODORATA, Chaulmoogra.
   GYNOPLAS'TIC, Gynoplae'ticue, from'yuMj,
 ' a  woman,' and irXaoota,' I form.'   The gynoplas-
 ty  operation is employed for opening or dilating
 the closed or contracted genital openings  of the
 female.
   GYPSY-WEED, Lycopus  sinuatus, and L. Vir-
 ginicus.
   GYRI CEREBRI,  Convolutions (cerebral,) —
 g.  Cochleae,'Scalae  of the Cochlea — g.  Intesti-
 nales, see ^4n*e.
   GYROMIA VIRGINICA, Medeola Virginica.
    GYROPHLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata.
    GYROPHORA, see Tripe de Roche.
   GYRUS, Convolution — g. Intestinalis, Anse
 inteetinale.
   GYRUS FORNICA'TUS, 'Arched  convolu
 tion.'  Fillet of the corpue calloeum. A large con-
I volution of the brain, which lies horizontally on
 the corpus callosum, and may be traced forwards
 and backwards to the base  of the brain, termi-
i nating by  each extremity at the fissure  of Syl-
 vius.   The surface  of the hemisphere, where  it
 comes in  contact with  the  corpus callosum, ii
 bounded bv it.
   GYTLING, Infans. 
HABBERING
439
H.EMATANGIONOSUS
H.
  HABBERING, Balbuties.
  HAB-EL-KALIMBAT, Pistacia terebinthus.
  HABBI, Hagenia Abyssinica.
  HABBLING, Balbuties.
  HABE'NA.  A Bridle, Tel'amon.   A bandage,
for uniting the lips of wounds; which, in many
instances, replaced the suture.—Galen.
  HABENE OF THE PINEAL GLAND, see
Pineal Gland.
 . HABENULE  OF  THE  PINEAL GLAND,
see Pineal Gland.
  HABIL'LA  DE  CARTHAGE'NA,  Bejuio,
Carthage'na Bean. (¥.) Five de Carthaglne.  A
kind of bean of  South America, famed as an ef-
fectual antidote for the poison of all serpents, if a
small quantity be eaten immediately.
  HABIT, Habitn'do, from habere, habitum, ' to
have  or to hold;' Ae8uetu'do, Moe, Ueue, Coneue-
tu'do, Ethos, 'ts~ts, Hexie,  Ethmoe'yne, (¥.) Habi-
tude, Accoutumanee.   Habit is the aptitude for
repeating certain acts : — or, a facility, which re-
sults from the frequent repetition of the same act.
It is, according  to vulgar expression, 'a second
nature.'   Habit  may  predispose  to  certain dis-
eases, or it may protect against them.  It ought
not to be lost sight of, in attending  to the pro-
gress of disease, or of its treatment.
  Habit of Body, Constitu'tio, Hab'itue, H. Cor-
 poris, Catae'taaie, Hexie,  Epiphani'a, (¥.) Habi-
tude extSrieure, Habitude du corpa.   The aggre-
gate of the physical qualities of the human body.
  HABITUDE, Habit —n. du Corpa, Habit of
'body—h. ExtSrieure, Habit of body.
  HABITUDO, Habit.
  HABITUS, Habit of body — h. Apoplecticus,
Apoplectic habit—h. Corporis,  Habit  of body—h.
 Quadratus, see Apoplectic — h. Torosus, see Apo-
plectic.
  HABROMA'NIA.from 'aQpos, 'gay,' and uavta,
 ' mania.'  Insanity in which the delusions are of
a gay character.
  HACHICH, see Bangue.
  HACHISCH, Bangue.
  HACKBERRY,  Celtis occidentalis,  Prunus
padus.
  HADDOCK, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
  H^EMA, 'aipa, 'atparos, ' blood.'
  HEMACHROINE, Haematine.
  HjEMACHRO'SES, (  (G.) Hamachrosen,)
from hama, and XP"""f>  'coloration.'  A family
of diseases in which the blood has its colour dif-
ferent from usual, as in purpura and cyanosis.—
Fuehs.
  H.EMACY'ANIN, from  hama,   and  kvovos,
'blue.'  A blue colouring matter, detected by San-
son  in healthy blood, and  in  bile by some che-
mists, but not by others.
  H^EMADON'OSUS, from hama, and vooos, 'a
disease.'  Hamatangion'oaua, Hamatangionu'eue,
Hamatangio'eie.  Disease of the blood-vessels.
  HjEMADOSTO'SIS, from hama, and  ootuiois,
' a bony tumour.'  Ossification of the blood-ves-

^HuEMADROMOMETER, Haemodromometer.
  HJ3MADYNAMETER, Haemadynamometer.
  HEMADYNAM'ICS,  (F.) HSmadynamique,
from hama, and owapis, 'power.'  The mechanical
theory of the circulation of the blood.
  HJSMADYNAMOM'ETER, Hamatodyna-
mom'eter, Hamadynam'eter, Hamom'eter, Hama-
tom'eter, (¥.) HSmadynamltre, HSmomltre ;  from
hama,  ovvapts, ' power,' and pt-^pov, ' a measure.'
An  instrument for  measuring  the  force of the
blood in the vessels.  It consists of a bent  glass
tube, the lower bent part of which is  filled with
mercury.  A brass head is fitted into the artery,
and a solution of carbonate of soda is interposed
between the mercury and the blood, which  is al-
lowed  to enter the tube for the purpose of pre-
venting its coagulation.  The pressure of the
blood on the mercury in the  descending portion
of the bent tube causes the metal to  rise in the
ascending portion;  and the  degree  to which it
rises indicates the  pressure under which the
blood moves.
  HEMAGASTER, naematogaster.
  H.EMAGASTRIC PESTILENCE, Fever,
yellow.
  HEMAGOGUM,  Paeonia.
  HJEMAGO'GUS,  from  hama,  and  ayiu, 'I
drive off.'  A medicine which promotes the  men-
strual and hemorrhoidal discharges.
  HiEMAL, from  hama.  Relating to the  blood
or blood-vessels.
  Haemal Arch.  The arch formed by  the pro-
jections anteriorly of the ribs and sternum from
the bodies of the vertebrae.  It encloses the  great
blood-vessels.—Owen.
  Haemal Axis, Aorta—h. Spine, Sternum.
  HiEMALOPIA, Hemophthalmia, Haemalopis.
  HEMALOPIS, Haeinophthalmia.
  HiEMALOPS, Haemophthalmia.
  HEMAN'THUS  COCCIN'EUS.  A beautiful
South African plant, Nat. Ord. Amaryllideae, the
bulb of which is employed  as  a diuretic.   It is
given as an oxymel  in asthma and dropsy.   The
fresh leaves are antiseptic, and applied to foul,
flabby  ulcers, and  in anthrax.
  HEMAPERITONIRRHAG"IA, (F.) HSma-
pSritonirrhagie;  from hama, ntpirovaiov,  ' peri-
toneum,' and  payn, ' a violent rupture'  An ex-
halation  of blood into the peritoneum.
  HjEMAPHE'IN, Hamatopha'um, Hamopha'-
um, from hama, and  tpaios, ' of a dusky colour.'
A term applied by Simon to the brown colouring
matter of the blood, supposed by some to be no-
thing more than haematin modified by an alkali.
  H.<EMAPH'OBUS, Hamoph'obue, from hama,
and ipcfios, 'dread.'    One who has a dread of
blood :—who  cannot look at it without fainting.
  HEMAPOPHYSES,  Costal  cartilages, see
Costa.
  RMMAPOWIA,Hamatapor'ia,Hamatopor'ia,
Oligoha'mia, Oliga'mia, from hama, and anopts,
'poor.'   Paucity of  blood.  See Anaemia.
  HEMAPTYSIS,  Haemoptysis.
  HjEMAS, 'atixas, gen. 'aipaoos.  A blood-vessel
  HEMASTATICA, Heematostatiea.
  HEMASTAT'ICS, Hamastalice, from hama,
and orariKn,  'statics.'  The  statics of the  blood
and blood-vessels ; Hemaetalice.
  HEMATANAGOGE, Haematemesis.
  H M M A T A L'L 0 S COPY, Hamatalloecop'ia,
from hama, aXXoios, 'different,' and oKonttv, 'to
view.'  The mode of  distinguishing different  kinds
of blood from each other.—Toddei.
  HEMATANGIONOSUS, Haemadonosus 
HJEMATANGIOSIS          440             HvEMATODES
  HEMATANGIOSIS, Haemadonosus.
  HEMATAPORIA, Haemaporia.
  HEMATAPORRHOSIS, Cholera.
  HEMATAPOSTE'MA, from hama, and airoe-
rnita, ' an  abscess.'  An  abscess which  contains
biood.
  HEMATAULICA, Vascular system.
  HEMATECLYSIS, Hamotex'ia, Hamotex'ie,
 Hamatolyeis, Hamatoeep'eie, San'guim'8 disaoltl-
tio; from hama, and tKXvots, 'loosening.'  Disso-
lution of the blood.
  HEMATELEUM. see Blood.
  HEMATEM'ESIS, from hama, and tptie, 'I
vomit.'  Hamorrha'gia  Hamatem'eaia,  Vom'itus
cruetltua,  Vom'itus seu Vomit"io San'guinis, Gas-
trorrhag"ia, Gastro-hamorrhag"ia, Hamorrhag"-
ia ventric'uli,  Hamorrhce'a ventric'uli, Hamata-
nago'ge, Vomiting of Blood, (¥.) HSmatSmlse, Vo-
missement de sang.   Haematemesis is generally
preceded  by a feeling of oppression, weight, and
 dull or pungent pain in the epigastric and in the
 hypochondriac regions; by anxiety, and, occa-
 sionally, by syncope.  Blood is  then passed by
 vomiting, and sometimes, also, by stool,—the blood
 being generally of a grumous aspect.   Haemate-
 mesis may be  active  or passive, acute or chronic.
 The blood effused proceeds from rupture of vessel,
 or from  a sanguineous exhalation at  the sur-
 face of the  mucous membrane  of the  stomach.
 It is often observed in females whose menstrual
 secretion  is irregularly  performed.  It is not of
 much danger, except when connected  with dis-
 ease of some of the solid viscera of the abdomen.
 On dissection  of those who have died from pro-
 tracted haematemesis,—for the acute kind  is com-
 paratively devoid of danger,—the mucous mem-
 brane of the stomach is found red and inflamed,
 or black, and the vessels  considerably  dilated.
 Complete abstinence  from  food;  rest;  the hori-
 zontal posture;  bleeding, if the hemorrhage be
 active; cold, acidulous drinks, Ac, constitute the
 usual treatment.
   HEMATENCEPHALUM, Apoplexy.
   HEMATEPAGOGE, Congestion.
   HEMATERA, Hepatirrhoea.
   HEM ATER US, Sanguine.
   HEMATERYTHRUM,  Haematin.
   HEMATEX0ST03IS, Osteosarcoma,
   HEMATHIDROSIS, Sudor cruentus.
   HEMATHORAX, Haematothorax.
   HEMATIC,  Sanguine — h. Crystals,  Haema-
 toidin.
   HEMATIASIS, Hsematonosus.
   HEMAT'ICA,  from  hama.   Diseases of the
 sanguineous function:—the  third class in the
 nosology of Good.   Also, medicines that act on
 the blood.—Pereira.
   Hamatica Doctrina, Haematology.
   HEMATIC US, Sanguine.
   HEMATIDROSIS, Sudor cruentus.
   HE'MATIN, Hamatlna, Hem'atine,  Ha'ma-
 tonn, Hem'atoaine,  Hamater'ythrum,  Hamer'y-
 thrum, Zoohem'atin, Hemachro'in, Hematocro'ine,
  Gli'adine,  Pha'nodine,  Phoe'nicine,  Hamato-
 chro'ite,  Cru'orin,  Rnbrin,  Glob'ulin  of some;
 Rouge du Sang ; from hama.  The red colouring
 matter of the blood.  It resides in distinct parti-
 cles or globules, and, in the opinion  of some ob-
 servers, in the envelope of the globules.   It ap-
 pears to be of a peculiar character, and one that
 has  not  yet  been determined by the chemist.
 That the colour of the blood is not owing to the
 peroxide of iron which it contains is  shown by
 the fact mentioned by Scherer, that he removed
 the iron by acids, and yet a deep red tincture was
 formed when  alcohol was added to the  residuum.
  HEMATIN'IC, Hamatin'icue : from hamatin,
'the red colouring matter of the blood.' An agent
that augments the number of red corpuscles of the
blood.—Pereira.
  HEMATINIC  CRYSTALS, ILematoidim
  HEMATINUS, Sanguine.
  HEMATIS'CHESIS,  Hamie'chede,  Hanw
cryph'ia, from  hama, and  to^tiv, ' to suppress.'
The retention or suppression of a natural or arti-
ficial flow of blood.
  IIEMATISMUS, Epistaxis, Haemorrhagia.
  HEMATISTH'MUS, from hama, and tadpies,
'pharynx.'  Hemorrhage into tbe pharynx.
  HEMATrTES,2/fi>mafi'i/«, from 'atua,' blood,'
Resembling blood.  Lapis Hamati'tee.   A beau-
tiful ore of iron, called also, Bloodetone, O'chrea
rubra,  Ox'ydum fer'ricum  cryetalliza'tum nati'-
vum, Ferrum Hamatitee.  When finely levigated,
and freed from tbe  grosser  parts, by frequent
washings with  water, it haa  been  long recotu
mended in hemorrhage, fluxes, uterine  obstruo
tions, Ac, in doses of from one scruple to three or
four.   Also, a vessel that contains blood, 'aipari-
tis 4>Xtt\i.
   HEMATMUS, Gaz sanguinis.
   HEMATOCATHAR'TICA,  from hama, and
xaBapois, ' purification or purgation.'  Remedies
for purifying the  blood.
   HEMATOCE'LE, from 'aipa, 'atparos, 'blood,'
and KnXn, ' tumour.'  A tumour formed by blood.
By some, this term has  been applied to a tumour
formed by blood, effused into the areolar textnre
of the scrotum.   Others have used it for tumours
arising from effusion of  blood into the tunica va-
ginalis:—haematocele, according to them, differ-
ing from hydrocele, only in the character of tbe
effusion.—Heister.  Others, again, have applied
it  to effusions  of blood into the interior of the
 tunica  albuginea itself. — Richter.   The first is
 the usual  acceptation.  It is most commonly
 caused by wounds or  contusions;  and requires
 the use of antiphlogistics, discutients, Ac.  Some-
 times it is necessary to evacuate the effused blood.
   Hematocele Arteriosa, Aneurism.
   HEMATOCEPH'ALUS, (F.) HSmatocSphale.
 A  monster in which  an effusion of blood on the
 brain  has given occasion to more or less singular
 deformities.
   HEMATO-CEREBRIFORM DISEASE, En-
 cephaloid.
    HEMATOCHE'ZIA, from hama, and Xc&, ' I
 go to  stool.'  Sedee  cruen'ta,  Catarrhex'ie vera,
 Enterorrhag"ia eimplex, Diarrhoe'a cruenta seu
 sanguinolen'ta,Ha'mato-diarrhce'a,Hamorrhag"-
 ia inteetino'rum,  En'tero-hamorrhag"ia, (¥.) HS-
 morrhagie dee  intestine, Ecoulement  de  eang par
 I'lnteetin.   Discharge  of  blood  by stool.  See

    HEMATOCHROITE, Haematin.
    HEMATOCHYSIS, Haemorrhagia.
    HEMATOCCE'LIA,  from  hama, and KoiXia,
 ' the cavity of the abdomen.'  Effusion of blood
 into the abdomen.
    HEMATOCOL'PUS, from  hama, and koXitos,
 'vagina.'   Effusion of blood into the vagina.
 Accumulation  of blood, owing to occlusion of the
 vagina.
    HEMATOCRYSTALLIN, Haematoidin.
    HEMATOCYANOPATHIA, Cyanopathy.
    HEMATOCYANOSIS,  Cyanopathy.
    HEMATOCYSTE, Haematoma saccatum.
    HEMATOCYST'IS, from  hama, and mri;,
 ' bladder.'  Hemorrhage into the bladder.
    HEMATO'DES,  Hamatoi'dee,   Sungnin'eue,
 Ha'matoid,  Henlatoid, from  hamo,  and ttios,
| ' appearance.'  That which contain*  Dlood, or haa
il the character of  blood. 
HiEMATODIARRHOIiA        44
  Hjsmatodes  Fungus,  Hamatomy'cee, Fungtte
eancro'eue hamato'des, Mela'nafungo'ea carcino'-
des, Atigidioepon'gue, Angiomy'cee, Hamatoepon'-
gue,  Tumor fnngo'eue eanguin'eue seu anom'alue,
Carcino'ma  Hamato'dee,  Carcino'ma  Spongio'-
eum, Spon'goid inflammation, Pulpy or Me'd'ul-
lary Sarco'ma, Bleeding Fungtte, Soft Cancer, (¥.)
Carciii6meeanglant,HSmatoiiciefongo'ide. An ex-
tremely alarming carcinomatous affection, which
was  first described, with accuracy, by Mr. John
Burns, of Glasgow.  It consists in the develop-
ment of cancerous tumours, in which the inflam-
mation is accompanied with violent heat and pain,
and with fungus and bleeding excrescences.  Even
when the diseased part is extirpated  at a  very
early period, recovery rarely follows;  other or-
gans being generally implicated  at the same time.
Fungus haematodes was the  term first applied to
the disease by Mr. Hey of Leeds.  Mr. J. Burns
called it Spongoid inflammation, from the spongy,
elastic feel, which peculiarly characterizes it, and
continues even after ulceration  has  taken place.
The disease has, most frequently, been met with
in the eyeball, the upper and lower extremities,
testicle and  mamma; but it occurs in the uterus,
ovary, liver, spleen,  brain, lungs, thyroid gland,
and in the hip and shoulder-joint.
'   Some French surgeons designate, by this name,
those tumours which were formerly termed anor-
malee, caverneueee, variqueu8ea, called Erectilea
by Dupuytren, HSmatonciee, by Alibert, and Te-
langiectasia by Grafe.
   HEMAT0DIARRHC3A, Haematochezia.
   HEMATODYNAMOMETER, Haemadynamo-
meter.
   HEMATOGASTER, from  hama, and yaornp,
'stomach.'  Effusion of blood into the stomach.
   HEMATOGENETICA, Haematopoetica.
   HEMATOGLOBULIN, see  Globules of the
blood.
   HEMATOGRA'PHIA, Hamatog'raphy,  from
hama, and ypaipn, 'a description.'  A description
of the blood.
   HEMATOID, Haematodes.
   HEMATOID'IN,  Hamatocrys'tallin, Hama-
tin''ic,  hamatic, hamin or blood cryetals,  (¥.)
HSmatoidine, Cryetaux d'HSmatine.  A substance
found in  the midst, or in  the vicinity, of effusions
of blood, which is either in amorphous masses,
or, more  frequently, in minute rhomboidal crys-
tals, or in fine needles.  It is  considered  to  be
hematosin separated  from  the  globules of the
blood, and passed from the state of a n.on-crystal-
lizable organic substance to one of  a crystalline
chemical compound.
  HEM ATOL'OGY, Hematology, Hamatolog" ia,
Hamat'ica doctri'na, (¥.)HSmatologie, from hama,
and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  That part of medicine
which treats of the blood.
  Hematology, Patholog"ical, (F.) HSmatolo-
gie pathologique.  Observation  of the blood  to
detect its varying characters in disease.
  HEMATOL'YSES,  (G.)   Hamatolysen,
from hama,  and Xvots, 'solution.'  An order  of
diseases in which there is diminished coagulabi-
lity of the blood.—Fuchs.
  HEMATOLYSIS, Haemateclysis.
  HEMATOLYTICUM, Spanaemic.
  HEMATO'MA,  Thrombue,  Tumor eanguin'eue.
A bloody tumour, especially of the  scalp of the
new-born.
  Hemato'ma Sacca'tum.  An encysted tumour
containing blood—Hamatocye'te.
  HEMATOMANTI'A, from  hama, and pavrtia,
'divination.'   Judgment of disease from the ap-
pearance  of  the blood.
  HEMATOMATRA, Metrorrhagia.
1          H.EMATORRHfUA
  HEMATOMETACHYSIS,  Transfusio   san-
guinis.
  HEMATOMETRA, Metrorrhagia.
  HEMATOMMA, Haemophthalmia.
  HEMATOMPHALOCE' LE,  Hamatom'pha-
lum, Hamatompha'lu8, from  hama, optpaXos, 'the
navel,'and KnXn, 'a tumour.'  Umbilical hernia,
the sac of which encloses  a  bloody  serum,  or
which  has, at its surface, a number of varicose
veins;  constituting Varicom'phalue.
  nEMATOMPHALUM, Haematomphalocele.
  HEMATOMYCES, Haematodes fungus.
  HEMATON'CUS, (¥.)HSmatoncie, from hama,
and oyKos,  'a tumour.'  Alibert has given this
name  to Navi mater'ni,  Varicose tumoure.  He
admits  three varieties: — the H. fongoi'de, H,
framboieSe, and H. tubSreuse.
  HEMATON'OSUS, Hamatlaeie, Hamatopa-
thi'a,  Hamopathla, from  hama, and voaos, 'dis-
ease.'    A  disease of the blood.  A  hamie  or
blood-dieeaee.
  HEMATOPATHIA, Haematonosus.
  HEMATOPEDESIS, see Diapedesis.
  HEMATOPERICAR'DIUM,fromfta.ma,
and 7ttpiKap6tov, 'pericardium.'  Effusion of blood
into the pericardium.
  HEMATOPHEUM, Haemaphaein.
  HEMATOPHIL'IA, Hamophil'ia, Hamorrho-
philia,Idioayncra'aia hamorrhag"ica, from  hama,
and ipiXtw, 'I love.'  A hemorrhagic diathesis.
  HEMATOPHLEBES'TASIS.   Sudden sup-
pression of a hemorrhage; — from oraots 'atparos
tpXtfiuv, 'suppression of the blood of the veins.'—
Galen.
  HEMATOPHOB'IA, Hamophob'ia, from ha-
ma, and tpojios, 'dread.'  Dread  or horror  at the
sight of blood, producing syncope, Ac.
  HEMATOPHTHALMIA, Haemophthalmia.
  HEMATOPH'THORES, (G.) Hamatoph-
thoren;  from  hama, and ipOopa,  'corruption.'
An order of diseases in the classification of Fuchs,
in which the blood is materially altered in com-
position, as in typhus.
  HEMATOP'ISIS,  (F.) HSmatopisie.  M. Ca-
puron, of Paris, has applied the term HSmatopiaie
utSrine, from analogy with Hydropisie utSrine, to
a collection of blood which sometimes takes place
in the uterus, when,  owing to faulty  conforma-
tion, the exit of the menstrual flux is prevented.
  HEMATOPLA'NIA,  Hamatoplane'sis,  from
hama, and 7rAav>7, 'wandering.'  A vicarious he-
morrhage.
  HjEmatoplania  Menstrualis, Menstruation,
vicarious.
  HEMATOPLASMA, Liquor sanguinis.
  HEMATOPLETHORA, Plethora.
  HEMAT0P03A, Haematopoetica.
  HEMATOPOESIS, Haematosis.
  HEMATOPOET'ICA, Hamatopce'a, Hamato-
genet'ica, 'bloodmakers,' from hama,  and  notto>,
'I make.'   Agents that favour haematosis.   Iron
was called by the ancients metallum hamatopoel•
icum.
  HEMATOPOIESIS, Haematosis.
  HEMATOPORIA, Haemaporia.
  HEMATOPS,  Haemophthalmia.
  HEMATOPSIA, Haemophthalmia.
  HEMATOPTYSIA, Haemoptysis.
  HEMATOPTYSIS, Haemoptysis.
  HEMATORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitita.
  HEMATORRHAGIA, Haemorrhagia.
  HEMAT0RRHG2A, Haemorrhagia. 
H.EMATORRHOSIS          442       H.EMOMETRECT ASIA
     HEMATORRHOSIS, Cholera.
     HEMATORRHYSIS, Haemorrhagia.
     HEMATOSCHEOCE'LE,#<Bmoscfteoce'Ze,.B<B-
   matoa'cheum, from hama, oo-^tov, 'scrotum,' and
   KnXn, ' rupture.'  Effusion of blood into the scro-
   tum.
     HEMATOSCHEUM, Haematoscheocele.
     HEMATOSCOP'IA, Hamoecop'ia, (¥.) HSmor-
   rhoecopie, from hama, and  OKotrtia, ' I view.'  An
   examination of blood drawn.
     HEMATOSEPSIS, Haemateclysis.
     HEMATOSIN, Haematin.
     HEMATO'SIS,  Examato'eie,  Enhamato'eie,
   Hamatopoie'eie, Hamatopoe'eie, Procrea'tio ean-
   guinie, Decarboniza'tion or Atmoapheriza'tion of
   the  blood,  Sanguiflca!tion; from hama.   The
   transformation of the venous  blood  and  chyle
   into arterial blood by respiration.  Called, also,
   Aeration, and Arterializa!tion, of the blood. For-
   mation of blood in general.
     HEMATOSPILIA, Purpura haemorrhagica.
     HEMATOSPONGUS, Haematodes fungus.
     HEMATOSTAT'ICA, from hama, and orartKn,
   'statics.'  Iecha'mia, Hamaetalica, Hamatoetal-
   ice,  Hamoatat'ice,  Hematoetat'ice, Hemoetat'ice,
   Ena'ma,  (F.) HSmatostatiques, HSmastatiquee,
   HSmosfatiquee.  The  doctrine of the motion of
   the  blood  in  living bodies.  Also, remedies for
   stopping blood.  Styptics.
     HEMATOS'TEON, from hama, and oortov, 'a
   bone.' Effusion of blood into the bones or joints.
     HEMATOSYMPHORESIS, Congestion.
     HEMATOSYNAGOGE,  Congestion.
     HEMATOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia.
     HEMATOTHO'RAX,  Hamatho'rax,  Hamo-
   tho'rax, Hamop'tyeie inter'na, Pleurorrhoe'a ean-
   fitin'ea,Pleurorrhag"ia,Pneumorrhag"iainter'na,
   Hemorrhag"ic Pleu'risy, Pleural  hem'orrhage,
   from hama, and 0upa£, 'the chest.'  Extravasa-
   tion of blood into the chest.
     HEMATOXYLON, H. Campechianum.
     HEMATOX'YLON  CAMPECHIA'NUM,
   from hama, and 1-vXov,' wood.' Aca'cia Zeylon'iea,
   Logwood.   The part of the tree used in medicine
   rs the wood, Hamatox'yli Lignum, Lignum  Cam-
   pechen'ee  seu Campechia'num seu  Campeeca'num
   Beu  In'dicum  seu  Sappan  seu Brasilia'num ru-
   brum seu  caru'leum, Hamatox'ylon (Ph. U. S.),
   (F.) Boia de  Campeche. Family, Leguminosae.
   Sex. Syat.  Decandria Monogynia.  Logwood is
   almost inodorous; of a sweetish,  subastringent
   taste; and deep red colour.  Its virtues are ex-
 •  tracted both by water and alcohol. It is astrin-
   gent  and  tonic, and  is used  in the protracted
   stage of diarrhoea and dysentery.
    HEMATOZO'A,  (F.)  HSmatozoairee,   from
   hama, and $u>ov, 'animal.'  Entozoain the blood.
    HEMATURESIS, Haematuria.
    HEMATU'RIA, Hamature'eie, from  hama,
   and ovptio, 'I make urine.'  Voiding of blood by
  urine.  Hamorrhag"ia hamatu'ria, H.  ex viie
  vrina'riie, Hamure'eie, Hamu'ria, Mictio Cruen'ta
  Jeu Sanguin'ea, Mictue Cruen'tus seu Sangnineue,
  Hamorrha'a via'rum urinaria'rum, Sanguie in
   Uri'na, Bloody urine,  (¥.) Pieeement de Sang,
  HSmaturie.  Hemorrhage from the mucous mem-
  brane of the urinary passages.   Like  other he-
  morrhages, it may be active  or paeeive.   It may
  proceed from  the  kidneys, Nephramorrhag"ia,
  bladder, or  urethra.  The  essential  symptoms
  are:—blood, evacuated by the urethra; preceded
i  by pain in the region of the bladder or kidneys,
  and accompanied  by  faintness.  Whencesoever
  it proceeds,  haematuria usually takes  place by
  exhalation.   Rupture of vessels is  by no means
 common in the mucous membranes.  Active ha-
|! maturia requires  general or local blood-letting;
■ diluent and cooling drinks;  absolute rest;  and
 the  horizontal posture.   The  chronic  kind  is
 more troublesome.   It requires acidulated or
 aluminous  drinks;   chalybeates and tonics in
 general.   When  haematuria  is  excessive,  cold
 injections may be thrown into the rectum or into
 the vagina of women, and topical applications be
 made to the perinaeum.
    Hematuria Cystica, Cystorrhagia—h. Ejacu-
 latoria, Spermatocystidorrhagia— h. Seminalis,
 Spermatocystidorrhagia—h. Stillatitia,  Urethror-
 rhagia.
    HEMATUS, from hama,  and ouj, gen. urej,
 'the ear.'  Effusion of  blood  into the ear.
    HEMAXIS, Blood-letting.
    HEMENCEPHALUS, Apoplexy.
    HEMENDOCAR'DIUM,  (F.) HSmendocarde,
 from hama, and 'endocardium,' the lining mem-
 brane of the heart.  Inflammation of the lining
 membrane of  the heart.
    HEMERYTHRUM, Haematin.
    HEMIC, Ha'micue, from hama, 'blood.'  Re-
 lating or  appertaining to blood;  as a  "haemic
 disease,"—a blood disease.
    HEMIDROSIS, see Diapedesis.
    HEMIN CRYSTALS, see Haematoidin.
    HEMISCHESIS, Hsematischesis.
    HEMI'TIS, from 'aipa, 'blood,'  and itie,  a
 suffix denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of
  the blood.  (F.)  HSmite.   The alteration of tho
  blood that occurs  in  inflammatory diseases.—
  Piorry.
    HEMO-ARTHRITIS, Rheumatism (acute).
    HEMOCARDIORRHAG"IA, Hamocar'dium,
 Apoplex'ia cordis,  Apoplexy of the heart, (F.)
 HSmorrhagie ou Apoplexie du Ca>ur, HSmocnrde,
 from hama, Kapiia, 'the  heart,'  and 'pnyvvpt, 'I
 break forth.' Effusion of blood into the substance
 of the heart.
    HEMOCARDIUM,  Haemocardiorrhagia.
    HEMOCERCH'NOS.   This term has received
 two acceptations, owing to the  different senses
 in which Ktpx»os  is  employed; signifying, some-
 times, hieeing; at  others, dry.   Consequently,
 the  Hellenists have translated  the compound
 word, at times, by spitting of  blood, with hissing
 in the throat; at others,  by  evacuation of  dry
 matters.
    HEMOCRYPHIA, Haematischesis.
    HEMODES, Sanguine.
    HEMO'DIA,  Hamodiae'mue,  Hemo'dia, He-
 betu'do seu Stupor Den'tium, from 'aipuStio, ('atpa,
 'blood,'and oSovs, 'tooth,') 'I have puin in  the
 teeth.'  Pain in the  teeth, and  more especially
 Agacement, or the  setting on edge of those bodies
 by acid or acerb substances.  It is  also called
 Odon'tia Stupo'ris, Odontalgia hamo'dia, Dolor
 den'tium d etrido're, Cataplex'ie,  Odontamblyog'-
 mue, Odonthyperaathe'eie,  Tooth-edge.
   HEMODIASMUS, Haemodia.
   HEMODROMOM'ETER, Hamadromom'eter,
 from hama, opopos, 'course,' and  utrpov, 'a mea-
 sure.'   An  instrument for measuring the rate of
 the blood's movement.   It consists  of  a glass
 tube, 52 inches long, containing water, bent into
 tbe form of a hair-pin, which is substituted for a
segment of the bloodvessel, the  velocity of  the
blood  in which it  is  required  to  measure.  The
column of blood, which comes from  the  heart
pushes  the  column of water before it, and thus
enables the velocity of the blood to be estimated
   HEMOIDES, Sanguine.
   HEMOMETRECTA'SIA, from hama, pnrpa, 
H^SMOPATHIA
4 43
n^EMORRHAGIA
 'uterus,'  and teraois, 'dilatation.'  Dilatation of
 the womb from 'do. d
   HEMOPATHIA, Haematonosus.
   HEMOPERICAR'DIUM, Pericardi'tis exeu-
 dato'na, (¥.) HSmopSricarde, from 'aipa, 'blood,'
 and pericardium.  Effusion  of blood into the
 pericardium.
   HEMOPERITONE'UM,  from   hama,  and
 vtptrovaio*, 'peritoneum.'  Effusion of blood into
 the peritoneum.
   HEMOPEX'IE, (G.) Hamopexien, from
 hama, and irn^is,  'coagulation.'  An  order of
 diseases  in which there is increased coagulabi-
 lity of the blood. — Hyperino'eie ean'guinie. —
 Fuchs.
   HEMOPHEUM, Haemaphein.
   HEMOPHILIA, Haematophilia.
   HEMOPHOBIA, Haematophobia.
   HEMOPHTHAL'MIA,  Hamatophthal'mia,
 Hamatop'eia,  from hama, and oipdaXpos, 'eye.'
 Hamalo'pia, Hamalo'pis, Ha'malope, Hypa'mia
 seu Apoplex'ia oc'uli.   Effusion of blood into the
 eye.  When the extravasation  is external, it  is
 called Hamophthalmia exter'na, Hyposphag'ma
 and Hamalope externus; when internal, Haemoph-
 thalmia inter'na, Hydrophthal mue cruen'tus, Hy-
 poch'yeie hamato'dee, Hamatom'ma, and Ha'ma-
 lops inter'nue.   A blood-shot eye.
   HEMOPLANIA MENSTRUALIS, Menstrua-
 tion, vicarious.
   HEMOPLETHORA, Plethora.
   HEMOPROCTIA, Haemorrhois.
   HEMOPTOE, Haemoptysis — h. Laryngea et
 Trachealis, Tracheorrhagia.
   HEMOPTOSIS,  Haemoptysis.
   HEMOP'TYSIS, from hama,  and irrva, 'I
 spit.'  Spitting of blood, Hamorrhag" ia Hamop'-
 tyaie,  Hamap'lysis, Hamatoptys'ia,  Hamatop'-
 tysie, Emp'toe, Emop'toe, Empto'ica pae'eio, Ha-
 moptya'mna, Hamopto'aia, Sputum eang'uinia seu
 cruen'tum, San'guinia fluor pulmo'num, Emopto'-
 ica  pae'eio, Hamotie'mue, Hamorrhoe'a pulmona'-
 lia,  Cruen'ta exapultio, Hamorrhag"ia pulmo'nis
 seu broilchica,  Paa'eio  hamopto'ica,  Rejec'tio
 sang'uinie Ipulmo'nibtoi, Expeetora'tio eang'uinie,
 Pneumorrhag" ia,Pneu\nonorrhag" ia,Pneumonor-
 rhce'a,  Bronchorrhag"ia, Emp'tyeie,  Hamop'toe,
 (¥.) HSmoptyaie, Crachement de  eang, Expectora-
 tion de eang, AngiairhSmie, Angiairrhagie, HSmo-
 angiairrhagie. — Piorry.  Hemorrhage from the
 mucous membrane  of  the lungs;  characterized
 by the expectoration of more or less florid  and
 frothy blood.  It is generally preceded by cough;
 dyspnoea; sense of heat in the  chest, Ac.   It is
 important to discriminate between haemoptysis,
 produced by some accidental cause  acting irre-
 gularly or  periodically on the  lungs; and that
 which is, as it were, constitutional, and dependent
 on some organic affection of the lungs,  or some
 faulty conformation of the  chest.   These  two
 varieties differ as much in their prognosis and
 method of treatment as in their causes.  Consti-
 tutional haemoptysis is a serious disease, almost
 always announcing phthisis pulmonalis.  The ac-
 cidental variety is ohiefly dangerous by frequent
 recurrence,  or too great loss of blood.
   The general cauaea of haemoptysis are the same
 as those of  other kinds  of hemorrhage.  It has,
 besides, particular cauaea; such as too great ex-
 ercise  of  the lungs; loud speaking;  playing on
wind instruments, breathing acrid  vapours,  Ac.
It usually occurs  between puberty and the age
of 35.  A sudden and terrific kind of haemoptysis
is  sometimes met with;  consisting  in a  great
afflux  of  blood to the  lungs.  This has  been
called Pulmonary Ap'oplexy, Apoplex'ia pttlmo-
Ha'lis seu Dulmo'num, Pneumorrhag"ia, Infarc'tue
 hamorrhag"icuepitlmo'num, I. bamopto'icite Laen-
 nec' ii, (¥.) Apoplexie pulmonaire, HSmoptyeie fou-
 droyante, Hemorrhagie interetitielle du Poumon.
 Infiltration of blood into the  air-cells may occur
 without any haemoptysis.
   Phyeica' eigne.  Percussion may  not  always
 aid us in  haemoptysis, but generally a circum-
 scribed  dulness will be perceived.   The inspira-
 tory murmur, on auscultation, is feeble or absent,
 locally; and is replaced by bronchial respiration
 and bronchophony.  A fine liquid crepitus is  de-
 tected around the affected part; and in the larger
 tubes, near the spine, a liquid bubbling rhonchus
 is usually heard.  The value of these signs is de-
 termined by the nature of the expectoration. The
 treatment of haemoptysis must be like that of in-
 ternal hemorrhage in general.
   Haemoptysis Interna, Haemato thorax—h. La-
 ryngea et  Trachealis, Tracheorrhagia—h. Phthi-
 sis, Phthisis pulmonalis.
   HEMOPTYSMUS, Haemoptysis.
   HEMORMESIS, Congestion, Hyperaemia.
   HEMORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica.
   HEMORRHAGE, Haemorrhagia.
   HEMORRHAG"IA, from  hama, and pnyvvpi,
 ' I break forth.' San'guinieproflu'vium copio'eum,
 Sanguiflnx'ua,  Hamatoch'yaia, Aimorrhoe'a,  Ha-
 morrhoe'a,  Hamatorrhag"ia,  Hamatis'mua, Ha-
 matorrhce'a, Hamator'rhyeia, Hamorr'hyeie, Pro-
 flu'vium seu  Prorup'tio  seu  Eruptie sanguinia,
 Profu'eio Sang'uinie, Hem'orrhage,  Hamorrhage,
 Bleeding, Loae of blood, Rupturing,  burating, or
 breaking of a blood-vessel, (Prov.) Floating, (¥.)
 HSmorrhagie ou Hemorhagie, Perte  de eang, Flux
 de eang. Any discharge of blood  from vessels
 destined to  contain it; with or without rupture of
 their coats.  Hemorrhages may be spontaneous or
 traumatic : the first belong to the domain of me-
 dicine, the latter to that of surgtry.  They may,
 also,  be internal  or  external;  general — as  in
 scurvy—or local.  The hemorrhagee by exhalation
 — those  which chiefly interest  the physician —
 have  been classed, by Pinel, as follows: — 1. He-
 morrhage of the  Mucoue Membranea; Epistaxis,
 Haemoptysis, Haematemesis, Haemorrhoids, Hae-
 maturia, Uterine Hemorrhage.  2. Hemorrhage of
 the Tieaue8; Cutaneous, Cellular, Serous, Synovial.
   Hemorrhages have generally been  distinguished
 into active and paeeive : in other words into those
 dependent upon augmentation of the organic ac-
 tions,  and  those  dependent upon debility.  Ac-
 cording to Broussais, no spontaneous hemorrhage
 is passive; all are active, — that is,  produced by
 increased action  and excess of irritation  of the
 blood-vessels:  they may occur with debility, but
 not from debility.  He calls those  only passive
 hemorrhages, which  are owing  to  an external
 lesion of the vessels.  Hemorrhages  have been,
 by some, divided into constitutional, or those de-
 pending  on  original conformation: — accidental,
 or those produced by some adventitious cause;
 supplementary,  or those which succeed others;
 symptomatic, critical,  Ac   A secondary hemor-
 rhage is  one that occurs some  time  after wounds
 or operations.
  When  hemorrhage takes place into  any tissue,
 or is interstitial, it receives the name, with many,
 of apoplexy.
  Active  Hemorrhage, Hemorrhag"ia acti'va seu
 arterio'ea,  Cauma  hamorrhag'icum,   Angeior-
 rhag"ia,  occurs chiefly in the young and pletho-
 ric.  Good living; the use of fermented liquor—
 excessive exercise, or too sedentary a life, may
perhaps be ranked as predisponent causes.   It is
commonly preceded by heaviness and pulsation
in  the part, — owing to  the  afflux of  blood and
consequent hyperaemia,—and by coldness of the
extremities.  The blood, evacuated,  is gi nerallj 
H^SMORRHINIA            4
of a florid red.   In such active hemorrhages, the
great  indications of treatment will  be, to dimi-
nish plethora where it exists, and to  lessen the
heart's action.  Bleeding, purgatives, and  cold,
will be the chief agents.
  Paenve Hemorrhage, Hamorrhag"ia paeai'va
seu veno'ea, Profu'do, P. hamorrhag"ica, occurs
in those of weak constitution; or who have been
debilitated by protracted disease, poor diet, long
watching, excessive evacuations, Ac
  The direct cauaea may be: — previous- active
hemorrhage; scorbutus, or  any  thing capable of
inducing  atony or asthenic hyperaemia  of the
small vessels.   These  hemorrhages  are not pre-
ceded by excitement or by any signs of local de-
termination.  They are usually accompanied  by
paleness of the  countenance ; feeble  pulse ; faint-
ing, Ac.  The indications of treatment wili be:—
to restore the action of the small vessels and the
general tone of the  system: hence the utility of
styptics and cold externally; and of tonics and
astringents,  creasote,  mineral  acids, Ac,  inter-
nally.  Hemorrhage also  occurs from mechanical
hyperaemia, as when haemoptysis is  produced  by
'mbercles in  the lungs: baematemesis  by disease
of some of the  solid viscera of the abdomen, Ac.
  In Traumatic Hemorrhagee, or those which are
the consequences of wounds  of arterial or venous
trunks, the blood is of a florid  red colour, and
issues  by jets and pulses, if it proceed from  an
artery; whilst it is of a deeper red,  issues slowly
and by a continuous flow, if from a  vein.   If the
capillary vessels  be alone divided,  the blood is
merely effused at the surface of the wound.  Of
the means used for arresting these traumatic he-
morrhages, some act mechanically as abeorbents,
ligature, and compreeeion ; others chymically, as
fire, cauetice, creasote, astringents, Ac.
  Haemorrhagia Activa  Narium,  Epistaxis —
h. Bronchica, Haemoptysis—h. Cerebri, Apoplexy
— h. per Cutem, Sudor cruentus — h. per Diaere-
sin, see Diaeresis—h. per Diapedesin, Diapedesis—
h. Faucium, Stomatorrhagia—h.  Gingivarum,
Ulorrhagia—h.  Haematemesis, Haematemesis—h.
Haematuria, Haematuria — h. Haemoptysis,  Hae-
moptysis— h. Hepatica, Hepathaemorrhagia — h.
Hepatis,  Hepatorrhagia — h. Intestinorum,  Hae-
matochezia—h. Mucosa, see Hoemorrhois—h. Na-
bothi, see Parturition—h. Narinea, Epistaxis—h.
Narium,  Epistaxis—h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia—h.
Penis,  Stimatosis—h. Pulmonis, Haemoptysis—h.
Renum, Nephrorrbagia—h. Universalis, Purpura
haemorrhagica — h.  Uterina, Metrorrhagia — h.
Ventriculi, Haematemesis — h. Vesicae, Cystorr-
hagia.
  HEMORRHINIA,  Epistaxis.
  HEMORRHINORRHAGIA, Epistaxis.
  HEMORRHCE'A, from hama, andptoi, 'I flow.'
Hamorrhag"ia,  Loss  of blood.   Some writers
have proposed  to restrict this  name  to passive
hemorrhages.
  H^emorrhcea Petechialis, Purpura haemor-
rhagica—h. Pulmonalis, Haemoptysis—h. Uterina,
Metrorrhagia — h. Vasorum  haemorrhoidalium,
Haemorrhois— h. Ventriculi, Haematemesis — h.
Viarum urinarium, Haematuria.
  HEMORRHOI'DAL, Hemorrhoidal, Hamor-
rho'ida'lie, Hamorrhoi'deus.  Relating to hemor-
rhoids ; as hemorrhoidal flux, hemorrhoidal tu-
moure, Ac.
  Hemorrhoidal Arteries have  been  distin-
guished into euperior, middle, and  inferior.  1.
The first is  the termination of  the  inferior me-
senteric artery,  which  assumes the name euperior
hemorrhoidal, when it  reaches the upper and pos-
terior part of the rectum.  2. Tbe middle hemor-
rhoidal is furnished by the hypogastric or inter-
nal pudic.  It ramifies on the inferior  and ante-
rior part of the rectum.   3.  The inferior hemor- ll
4            HAEMORRHOIS
rhoidal arteries are  branches of  the  internal
pudic, furnished to the inferior part of the rectum
and to the muscles of the anus.
  Hemorrhoidal Nerves.  These emanate from
the sciatic  and hypogastric plexuses ; and cover
the rectum with their numerous filaments.
  Hemorrhoidal Veins follow the same distri-
bution, and generally empty themselves into the
lesser mesenteric.  Some  of them  assist in the
formation of the hypogastric vein.
  Hemorrhoidal Vessels,  Vaea  aeda'lia, are
those vessels which are distributed to the rectum
—the seat of hemorrhoids.
  HEMORRHOID ALES NODI, Haemorrhois.
  HEMORRHOIDES,  see  Haemorrhois — h.
Caecae, see  Haemorrhois — h. Fluentes,  Haemor-
rhois— h. Furentes, see Haemorrhois — h. Maris-
cosae, Haemorrhois—h. non Fluentes,  Haemor-
rhois—h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia.
  HEMORRHOIDRO'SIS, from 'atpoppots, 'he-
morrhoids,' and 'thpiaeis, 'sweating.'  Sweating
of hemorrhoidal blood. [?]—Bock.
  HEMOR'RHOIS, Aimor'rhoie. Aeclepiae'mua,
from hama, and pew,  ' I flow.'  Aimor'roie, Proc'-
tica Marie'ca, Marie'ca, Proctalgia Hamorrho'i-
da'lie, Morbus Hamorrhoidalis, Piles, Em'erods,
(¥.) HSmorrho'idee.   The essential symptoms of
this affection are: — Livid and painful tuberclea
or excrescences, (Hemorrhoid'al Tumoure,) usu-
ally attended with a discharge of mucus Or blood,
(Hemorrhoid' afflux, Proctor rhos'a, Hamoproc'tia,
Hamorrhoz'a  vaeorum hamorrho'ida'lium,  (¥.)
HSmaproctie.)   The most common causes of piles
are a sedentary life; accumulation of faeces  in
the rectum; violent efforts  at  stool; pregnancy,
Ac.  The precursory symptoms  are: — pains m
the loins; stupor of the lower limbs;  and un-
easiness in the abdomen and rectum, with more
or less gastric, cerebral, and indeed general dis-
order;— constituting the Diath'eeie Hamorrhoi-
da'lie, Motue  seu  Turba  Hamorrhoida'lis, and
Mailmen Hamorrhoida'le, of most of the writers
of Continental Europe.  To these symptoms fol-
low one or more round, smooth, renitent, painful,
pulsating, and erectile tumours, around the mar-
gin of the anus, or within the anus; some pour-
ing out  blood  occasionally.  After having re-
mained, for a time,  tense and painful, they gra-
dually shrink  and disappear.  The chief symp-
toms, occasioned by hemorrhoidal tumours, when
much inflamed, are ;—constant pain, liable, how-
ever, to exacerbations, and to become augmented
by the least pressure, or by the  passage of tbe
faeces, and obliging  the patient to  preserve the
horizontal posture.
  Haemorrhoidshave generally been distinguished
into — Hamorrho'idee Fluen'tee seu  Marisco'sa,
Proc'tica Marie'ca  cruen'ta,  Bleeding  or Open
Pilee; and into H. non fluen'tee, Proc'tica Ma-
rie'ca caca, Hamorrhdi'dee ca>ca seu furen'tee,
B'amor-rhoida'lee nodi, Shut  or blind piles. They
have, also, been divided into internal or occult,
and external, according to  their situation; and
into accidental or eonetitutional.
  Hemorrhoidal Tumoure are extremely trouble-
some, by their disposition to frequent recurrence j
and  they are  apt to induce fistula;  otherwise,
they are devoid of danger.   When  anatomicallj
examined, they are found not to consist in a va-
ricose dilatation of the veins of the rectum; but
to be formed of a very close, spongy,  texture;
similar to that which surrounds the  orifice of the
vagina;  and to be  erectile, like it.  They are
surrounded by a delicate membrane, and have no
internal cavity. The treatment, in mild m--e« of
hemorrhoidal tnmours, is simple.  Rest; the ho-
rizontal  posture; the use of mild  laxatives, as
sulphur,  castor oil,  and emollient glysters, will 
H^EMORRHOISCHESIS
445
HAIa
be sufficient.   If they be much inflamed, leeches
may be applied; and  warm cataplasms or  cold
lotions, according to circumstances, be prescribed,
with abstinence, and cooling drinks.  Afterwards,
an  ointment, composed  of  powdered  galls and
opium, may  afford relief.  It is  in  the  relaxed
kind, that such ointment, and the internal use of
 Ward'e Paete, can alone be  expected  to afford
much benefit.  If, after repeated attacks, the tu-
mours remain  hard and painful, and  threaten
fistula, they  may be removed.
 _ By Hemorrhoidal  Flux, Fluxue hamorrhoida1-
lie, Proctorrhag"ia, is meant the  hemorrhage
which takes  place from the  rectum, owing to he-
morrhoids.   It is a common affection.  The quan-
tity of blood discharged is  various: at times, it
is very trifling;  at others, sufficient  to induce
great debility, and even death.  It is announced
and accompanied by the  same  symptoms as pre-
cede and attend  hemorrhoidal tumours.   Like
other hemorrhages it may be active or paeeive ;
accidental  or conetitutional.  The  prognosis is
rarely unfavourable.  The affection  may, almost
always, be relieved  by properly adapted means.
These resemble  such as  are necessary in hemor-
rhages in general.  Perfect quietude, — mental
and corporeal; light diet; cooling drinks; bleeding
if the  symptoms  indicate it; astringents, (if the
disease be protracted  and passive,) such as the
 Tinctura  Ferri  Chloridi;  aspersions   of  cold
water  oa the anus:  astringent injections; plug-
ging and compression. Such will be the principal
remedial agents.  When the hemorrhage has be-
 come habitual, or is vicarious, some caution  may
 be  required in checking it; and, if inconvenience
 arise from a  sudden suppression, its return  may
 be  solicited by the semicupium, sitting over warm
 water, aloetic purgatives, glysters, irritating sup-
 positories, Ac.;  or leeches may be applied to the
 anus.
   To the internal bleeding pile, a soft, red, straw-
 berry-like  elevation of the  mucous membrane,
 Dr. Houston, of Dublin,  gives the name vascular
 tumour.  For its removal he recommends the ap-
 plication of  nitric acid, so as to produce slough-
 ing of its surface.
   Some authors have described a species of  Leu-
 corrhoe'a Ana'lis or whitish  discharge  from the
 anus, which often attends ordinary haemorrhoids.
 This they have called Proctica marie'ca muco'ea,
 Hamor'rho'ie alba, Hamorrhag"ia muco'ea,  Leu-
 cor'rhoie, Ac.  It requires no special mention.
   The term  Hemorrhoid is  applied at times to
 varicose veins developed elsewhere, as at the
 orifice of the uterus.   See Metraemorrhoides.
   Haemorrhois ab Exania, Proctocele—h.  Pro-
 cedens, Proctocele.
   HEMORRHOIS'CHESIS,  from  'aipoppois^
 'hamorrhoie,' ptu>, 'I flow,' and to^toi, 'I restrain.'
 Reten'tio fluxue hamorrhoida'lia. Suppression or
 retention of  the hemorrhoidal flux.
   HEMORRHOPHE'SIS, Abaorp'tio aang'uinie,
 from hama,  and po<pau>,  ' I  sip up.'  Absorption
 of blood.
   HEMORRHOPHILIA, Haematophilia.
   HEMORRHOSCOPIA, Haematoscopia.
   HEMORRHYSIS, Haemorrhagia.
   HEMOSCHEOCELE, Haematoscheocele.
   HEMOSCOPIA, Haematoscopia.
   HEMOSPASIA, see Haemospastic.
   HEMOSPAS'TIC,  (F.)  HSmoepaeique,  from
hama, and onaoi,' I draw.' An agent which draws
or  attracts blood  to a part; as a cupping-glass.
Theoperation is termed Hamoepa'eia, (¥.)HSmoe-
paeie.   It  is generally applied to  a process by
which the air is exhausted over a  considerable
surface, as over one or more of the extremities,
by  an  appropriate pneumatic apparatus.
   HEMOSTASIA, Hamoe'taeie, Epid'ede, San'-
 guinie etagna'tio,  (¥.) HSmoetaaie, from hama,
 and oraots, 'stagnation.'   Stagnation of blood.
 This name has, also, been given to any operation,
 the object of which is to arrest the flow of blood.
   HEMOSTAT'IC, PAGLIA'RI'S,  Pagliari's
 Styptic, (¥.) Eau de Pagliari.  A  styptic liquor,
 said to be of great power, discovered by  M. Pag-
 liari, a pharmacien at Rome.   It is composed as
 follows : — Eight  ounces  of tincture of benzoin,
 one pound of alum, and ten pounds of water are
 boiled together for six hours in a glazed earthen
 vessel, the vaporized water being  constantly re-
 placed by hot water, so as not  to interrupt the
 ebullition, and the resinous  mass  being kept
 stirred round.  The fluid  is  then filtered, and
 kept in stoppered bottles.  A drop of the  fluid,
 poured into a glass containing human blood, pro-
 duces an  instantaneous magma
   HEMOSTATICS, Haematostatica.
   HEMOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia.
   HEMOTEXIA, Haemateclysis.
   HEMOTEXIS, Haemateclysis.
   HEMOTHbRAX, Ha?mathorax.
   HEMOTISMUS, Haemoptysis.
   HEMOT'ROPIIY, Hamotroph'm; from hama,
 and  rpoipn,  ' nourishment.'  Excess  of sangui-
 neous nourishment.—Prout.
   HEMURIA, Haematuria.
   HEMURESIS, Haematuria.
   HEMYDOR, Serum of the blood.
   HEMYDRIA, Hydroaemia.
   HEREDITARIUS, Hereditary
   HESITATIO, Balbuties.
   HEVEA  GUIANENSIS, see Caoutchouc.
   HAG, Abdomen.
   HAGARD, Haggard.
   HAGBERRY, Prunus padus.
   HAGE'NIA ABYSSIN'ICA, Bray'era anthel-
 min'tica,  Bank'sia Abyssin'ica.  An Abyssinian
 tree; Order, Rosaceae ; Sexual System, Icosandria
 Digynia,  which the  natives plant  round their
 habitations, as an ornament.  The infusion or de-
 coction of its flowers, Flores coseo, is employed by
 them  as  an  anthelmintic, especially in  cases of
 tape-worm.   It is  called, there, Cusso or Cousso,
 Koeao, Koueao, Kooao, Kwoao, Cotz, Cdbotz, and
 Habbi.
   HAGGARD, (F.)  Hagard.   The French use
 the term Air  hagard, CEil hagard, 'Haggard
 air,' ' Haggard eye,' for a physiognomy, in which
 there is at once an expression of madness and
 terror.
   HAGIOSPERMUM, Artemisia santonica.
   HAGIOXYLUM, Guaiacum.
   HAHNEMANNISM, Homoeopathy.
   HAIL, Chalaza.
   HAIR, Sax. haen,  Crinie,  Pilue,  Thrix, Pile,
 (F.) Poil.  A conical, corneous substance, the free
 portion or ehafit, ecapue, of which issues to a greater
 or less distance from  the skin, to the  tissue of
 which it  adheres by a bulb, Bulbuepili, seated in
 a hair follicle—follic'ulue pili—made  by an
 inversion of the  integument,  the epidermis of
 which forms a "root sheath," vagina pili.  At
 the base of  the  hair follicle,  there  is a  small
 papilla,   well  supplied  with   bloodvessels  and
 nerves, Papilla pili; at  times called, but im-
 properly, Pulpa seu Blaete'ma pili.  The hnir re-
 ceives various names in different parts—as Beard,
 Cilia, Eyebrowa, Hair of the head, (Capilli,) Ac.
   Hair  Dye, Twiggs's.  A  preparation  much
 used to give colour to the hair.  It may be formed
 of precipitated eulphur and acetate of lead, each
 3J;  roee water, f^iv; triturated  together  in  a
i mortar.   It should be applied  twice a day, until
I the desired effect is pioduced. 
HAIRY
446     HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA
  Hair, Falling off of the, Alopecia.
  Hair Follicle, see Hair.
  Hair, Matted, Plica — h. Plaited, Plica — h.
Trichomatose, Plica—h. Worm, Seta equina, see
Ectozoa—h. Worm, muscular, Dracunculus.
  HAIRY, Pileous.  Also, covered with hair.
  HAKE, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
  HAL, Salt.
  HALA'TION, Hala'tium; diminutive of 'aXs,
'salt.'  A  pungent remedy, with  the  ancients,
which contained salts.
  HALCHEMI'A.  The alchymists so called the
art of fusing salts : from 'aXs, ' salt,' and jrtm, ' I
pour out.'—Libavius.
  HALCYON, Alcyon.
  HALCYONIUM ROTUNDUM,  Pila marina.
  HALE, Ephelides.
  HALEINE, Breath—h.  Courte, Dyspnoea.
  HALELE'ON,  Halela'um,  from 'aXs,  'salt,'
and tXaiov, ' oil.'  Oleum  Sali  mixtum.  A mix-
ture of oil and salt, for removing swellings of the
joints.—Galen.
  HALETERATION, Alteration.
  HALF-CASTE, Half-Cast, see Caste.  A term
applied, in  India, to the offspring  of a Hindoo
and a European. Since, extended to the offspring
of mixed races.  The subjoined list from Tsehudi's
Travels  in Peru, 1838-1842, shows the parent-
age of the different varieties of half-casts, and
also the proper  designations  of the latter, as ob-
served in South America.

           Parents. '            Children.
White Father and Negro Mother,   Mulatto.
White Father and Indian Mother,  Meztizo.
Indian Father and Negro Mother,  Cliino.
White Father and Mulatta Mother, Cuarteron.
                            I Creole, (only distin-
                              guished  from the
                              white by a pale
                              brownish  complex-
                              ion.)
White Father and China Mother,   Chino-blanco.
White Father and Cuarterona  f/->,;„.__
  Mother....................................jQumtero.
White Father and Quintera Mo-1 ™-u-i.
  ther.......................................| White.
Negro Father and Mulatta Mother,^ Zambo-negro.
Negro Father and Meztiza Mother, Mulatto oscuro.
Negro Father and China Mother,   Zambo chino.
Negro Father and Zamba Mother, { f^0^™) <S"'
Negro Father and Cuarterona or f Mulatto (rather
  Quintera Mother.....................\ dark.)
Indian Father  and  Mulatta Mo-j ChmarOsmr0.

Indian Father  and  Meztiza Mo-S l]°!^?^lStT
  ther.......................................i quently very beau-
                             ( tiful.)
Indian Father and China Mother,  Chino-cholo.
Indian Father and  Zamba Mo- f „   ,   ,
  tjjer                      ■< Zambo-claro.
Indian Father  with China-cholaC Indian(with rather
  Mother...................................\ short frizzy hair.)
Indian Father and Cuarterona or f Meztizo (rather
  Quintera Mother.....................\ brown.)
Mulatto Father and  Zamba Mo-j Zambo (a misera-
  ther.......................................\ ble  race.)
Mulatto Father and Meztiza Mo-f Chino  (of  rather
  ther........................................( clear complexion.)
Mulatto Father and China Mother, Chino(ratherdark.)

  See Mulatto.
  HALICA, Alica.
  HALICACALUM, Physalis.
  HALICES,  Pandiculation.
  HALIDRYS  VESICULOSA,  Fucus  vesicu-
losus.
  HALINA'TRUM, Halinltrum, Haloni'trum;
from  'aXs, ' salt,' and natrum or natron.  A name
given by the ancients to  subcarbonate  of soda,
containing a  little subcarbonate  of ammonia,
which is found,  ready-formed, on the plaster of
damp walls, in places inhabited by man  or ani-
mals.  Also, Potassae nitras.
   HALINITRUM, Halinatrum.
   HAL1NUS, Saline.
   HAL'ITUOUS, Halituo'eue, from halitue, 'va-
 pour.' (F.) Halitueux.   The skin is said to be ha-
 litueuee, when  covered  with a gentle moisture.
 The vapour,  exhaled in all the cavities of the
 body,  so long  as the blood is warm, is called
 Halitue.  The odorous  vapour, exhaled by the
 blood  itself whilst warm, is  called Halitus Sail-
 guinie.
   Halitus, Breath — h. Oris Foetidus,  Breath,
 offensive—h.  Sanguinis, Gaz sanguinis.  See Ha-
 lituous.
   HALL, MINERAL WATERS  OF.   The
 springs of Hall, in Upper Austria, contain iodine.
   HALLWCINATIO HYPOCHONDRIASIS,
 Hypochondriasis—h. Vertigo, Vertigo.
   HALLUCINATION, Hallucina'tio, Halucina'-
 tio, Falla'cia, Illu'eio, I. sensus, Socor'diu,  Alil-
 aia, Allucina'tio,  Parora'sie, Somnia'tio in etatu
 vig"ili, Ido'lum, Waking dream, Phantasm, from
 allucinari or hallucinari, allucinatua, ' to be de-
 ceived.'  A morbid error in one or more of the
 senses.  Perception of objects,  which  do not in
 fact exert any impression on the external senses.
 Hallucination  or  deluaion almost  always, if not
 always, depends on disorder of the brain, but is
 not  an index of insanity, unless the patient be-
 lieves  in the existence of the subject of the hal-
 lucination.
   HALLUS, Pollex pedis.
   HALLUX, Pollex pedis.
   HALME, Muria.
   HALMYRIS, see Muria.
   HALMYRO'DES,  Salaugino'eue, Saleu'gi,
 noue, from'aXpvpts, ('aXpn,' sea-water,"aAf, 'salt,')
 ' a salt liquor,' saltish.   An  epithet given to any
 affection, in which the heat feels pungent .under
 the finger of the physician.—Hippocrates.
   HALMYRUS, Saline.
   HALO, Areola.
   Halo  Signa'tus.  The  impression  made  by
 the ciliary processes on the anterior surface of the
 vitreous  humour.  So called from  its consisting
 of a circle  of indentations.—Sir C. Bell.  Called
 by Haller,  Stria  ret'ina  eubject'a  ligamen'to
 cilia'ri; by Winslow, Sulci  cilia'rea,
   HALODERE'UM, from'aAj, 'salt,'and ctpatov,
 'a collar,'  (Stpn, 'neck.')   Colla'rium eali'num.
 A  collar of salt  applied to the  neck,  as in cases
 of croup.
   HALOGENE, Chlorine.
   HALOIDUM OXYGENATUM,  Potassae  mu-
 rias hyperoxygenatus.
   HALONIITIS,  Induration of the cellular

   HALONITRUM, Halinatrum.
   HALOPE'GE,  from  'aXs, 'aXos,  'salt,'   and
 irnyn, ' a spring.'  Mineral waters whose chief in-
 gredient is common salt—chloride  of  sodium.
   HALOS, Areola.
   HALOT'YLE, Cul'cita eali'na, from 'aXs, 'salt,'
 and rvXn, ' a bolster.'  A bolster or pillow of salt,
 recommended in croup.
   HALSBANE, Clavicle.
   HALS, 'aXs, 'salt;' hence Halogene,  Haloid, Ac.
   HALSE. Throat.
   HALTE'RES.  Pieces of lead held  in  the
 hands by the ancients to assist them in leaping.
   HALUCINATIO, Hallucination.
   HALYCODES, Saline.
   HALYSIS LATA, Bothriocephalus  latus — h.
 Membranacea, Bothriocephalus latus—h. Solium,
 Taenia  solium.
   HAM, Poples.
  HAMAME'LIS  VIRGINIA'NA, H. Virgin'i-
ca seu macrophylla,  Witch  hazel,  Winter witch
hazd, Snapping hazelnut,  Winter  bloom.   Ord.
Hamamelaceae.  The bark of this  tree, which ia 
HAMARTHRITIS           447            HARROWGATE
a native of the United States, is somewhat bitter
and  sensibly astringent;  but it  has  not  been
much used.  A cataplasm of  the  inner rind of
the bark is said to have been found efficacious in
painful inflammation of the eyes
  HAMARTHRI'TIS,  Holarthri'tia,  Catholar-
thri'tie,  Arthri'tie  utiiverea'lia,  from  'apa, ' at
once,' and apSptrts, 'gout.'  Gout in all the joints.
Universal gout.
  HAMCH, Coxofemoral articulation.
  HAM'MA, Nodue,  'a tie.'  A  knot, used for
retaining bandages on  any part. — Hippocrates.

  HAMMERING, Balbuties.
  HAMPSTEAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
These waters,  situate  in  the  neighbourhood of
London, are a good chalybeate.
  HAMSTRING,-To, see Hamstrings.
  HAMSTRINGS. (F.) Jarretiere.  The strings
or tendons of the ham.
  The Hamstring Muscles are the biceps femo-
ris, whose tendon forms the outer hamstring ; and
the  semimembranosus, semitendinosus,  gracilis
and sartorius, whose  tendons  form  the  inner
hamatring.
  'To hametring' means to cut the strings or ten-
 dons of the ham.
  HAMULAR PROCESS, see Hamulus.
  HAM'ULUS.  Diminutive of hamue, 'a hook.'
A hook  or crook: Anei8'tron.  Also, any hook-
like process ; as the hamulue or hamular process
 of the pterygoid process  of the sphenoid  bone,
 which projects from the termination of the inter-
 nal pterygoid plate.
   Hamulus Laminae  Spiralis, see Lamina spi-
 ralis.
  HAMUS, see Hamulus.
  HANCHE, Haunch.
  HANCLETH, Malleolus.
  HAND, Manus.
   HANDWOMAN, Midwife.
  HANDS, DROPPED, Hand-drop, Wrist-drop.
 A popular term for the paralysis of the hand, in-
 duced by the action of lead.
  HANDWRIST, Carpus.
  HANGERS, Crusta genu equinae.
  HANGNAIL, (old Eng.) Agnail, (Prov.) Ang-
 nail, Stepmother'e  bleesing, Wirt-epringe. Nail-
 spring, Nang-nail, (F.) Envie.  A  portion of epi-
 dermis, detached so as to tear  the  integument in
 the vicinity of the finger nails.
  HANNEBANE, Hyoscyamus.
  HAPANTIS'MUS.  Badly  formed  from iraj,
 or 'airaj, ' all.'   Oblitera'tio comple'ta.  The mat-
 ting or growing together of organic parts.
  HAPHE. 'a<pn, 'feeling, touch.'  Hence:
  HAPHON'OSI, Haphonu'si, from 'aipn,  'the
touch.'   Morbi tactus.  Diseases of the sense of
 touch.
  HAPLOACNE, Acne simplex.
  HAPLOPATHI'A, from 'anXos, 'simple,  and
irados, ' disease'   Morbus simplex.  A  simple or
uncomplicated affection.
  HAPLOTOM'IA, Simplex sec'tio, Incis to  sim-
plex, Opera'tio simplex, from 'atrXos, ' simple,' and
ropn, 'incision.'  A simple incision.
  HAPSIS, Touch.
  H^PTODYSPHOR'IA,   Tactue dolorif'icue ;
from 'aipn, 'touch,' and lvo<popos, 'difficult  to be
borne.'   Painful to the touch.
  HAPTOGEN, Haptogenous.
  HAPTOGENE, Haptogenous.
  HAPTOG"ENOUS, Haptog"enne, Hap'togen,
(F ) Haptoglne, from Wa>, 'I attach/andy^aa,,
'I engender.'   Ascherson calls the pellicle, which
forms around  fatty matter  when albumen is
brought  in contact with it, Haptogen membrane,
iF.) Membrane haptoglne.
  HAPTOT'ICA, Haptolice, from 'mpn, ' touch.
The doctrine of the phenomena of touch.
  HARD, (G.) hart, Durus, Sderos, (F.) Dur.
That which offers much resistance.  In anatomy,
the hard parts are those which compose the os-
seous basis of the body; in other words, the skele
ton.  See Pulse,  hard.
  HARD'S  FARINACEOUS FOOD, see Fari-
naceous.
  HARDESIA, Hibernicus lapis.
  HARDBACK, Spiraea tomentosa.
  HARE-LIP, Lagochi'lus,  Lagos'toma, Lagon'-
tomum, Lagen'tomum, La'bium Lepori'num, Olo*
pho'nia Labii Loba'ta, Lepori'num rostrum, (Sc.)
Hareshaw, (Prov.) Hayscale, (¥.) Bee de  Lilvre.
A fissure or perpendicular division of  one or both
lips.  It has  been so called, in  consequence  of
the upper  lip of the hare  being thus divided.
Hare-lip is generally congenital; at  other times
it is accidental,  or produced  by a  wound,  the
edges of which have  not been  brought into  con-
tact, and have healed separately.  It is  simple,
when there is but one division;  double, when
there are two; and complicated, when there is, at
the same time, a division or  cleft of the superior
maxillary bone and of the palate— Cleft  or fis'-
aured palate,  Wolf'a jaw, Pala'tum fissum, Rictus
luplnue; or  a projection of the teeth into the
separation of the lip.
  In the Hare-lip operation, there are two indi-
cations to be fulfilled.  First, to pare, with the
knife or scissors, the edges  of the cleft, and, af-
terwards, to preserve them in contact; in order
to cause  adhesion.  This last object is  accom-
plished by means of pins,  passed through the
edges  of  the division;  in other words,  by  the
twisted suture.  The projecting teeth must,  of
course, be previously removed. If there be sepa-
ration  of the palate, it will become less and less
after the union of the lip, or the operation of sta-
phyloraphy may be performed upon it.
  Hare's  Ear,  Bupleurum rotundifolium — h.
Eye, Lagophthalmia.
  HARESHAW, Harelip.
  HARGNE,  Hernia — h. AnSvryemale, Cirsom-
phalus.
  HARICOT, Phaseolus vulgaris — h. Grand de
Perou, Jatropha curcas.
  HARM ALIA, Aliment.
  HAR'MONY,  Harmo'nia, Harmoe, primarily
from apia, 'I adjust.'   Anatomists have called <S'i»-
ture by Harmony, or  simply Harmony, Falee or
euperficial suture,  Sutu'ra 08 eittm spu'ria, Com-
pa'gea oa'sium per lin'eam eim'plicem, an immov-
able articulation, in  which  the  depressions and
eminences, presented by the bony surfaces, are
but  slightly  marked;  so that it might be pre-
sumed that the junction of the bones took place
by simple apposition of their surfaces   An in-
stance of harmony  occurs  in the union of the
superior maxillary bones with each other.
  HARM US, Articulation, Harmony.
  HARNPAN, Cranium.
  HARRODSBURG  SPRINGS, see Kentu ky,
Mineral Waters  of.
  HAR'ROWGATE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
The villages of  High and Low Harrowgate are
situate in the centre of the county of York, near
Knaresborough,  twenty  miles from  York, and
fifteen  from  Leeds.   Here are several valuable
sulphurous and chalybeate springs.   The sulphu-
reous apringa contain chloride of sodium, chloride
of calcium, chloride  of magnesium,  bicarbonate
of soda, sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, carbu-
retted  hydrogen,  and  azote.   The  chalybeate
aprings contain protoxide of  iron, chloride of so-
dium, sulphate of soda, chloride of calcium, chlo-
ride of magnesium, carbonic  acid, azote, and oxy- 
HARTFELL               448                 HEART
gen.  For the former, Harrowgate is celebrated
and frequented.
  Harrowgate  Salts, Artificial, are  much
employed,  and not unfrequently by those who ij
drink the genuine water, for the purpose of in- :
creasing its aperient power.  They may be made
as follows :—Sttlph. Potaee. cum Sulph. Jvj ; Po-
taee. bitart. ^j ; Magnee. Sulph. in pulv. ^vj. M.
The usual dose is a teaspoonful, in a small tum-
blerful of tepid water, early in the  morning.
  Harrowgate  Wateh,  Artificial,  may be
formed of common salt, £ v ; water,  Oiij ;' impreg-
nated with the gas from sulphuret of potaae, and
sulphuric acid, aa Jiv.  The following form has
also been  recommended.  JR.  Sulphat.  Potaee.
cum eulph. (Ph.  Ed.)  !Jj ; Potaee. bitart. 3SS 5
Magnea. sulphat. £vj ; Aqua deetillat. Oij.  One-
half to be taken for a dose.
  HARTFELL,  MINERAL   WATERS  OF.
Hartfefi Spa is about five miles from  Moffat, in
Scotland.   The  water  is  a  chalybeate, and  is
much used.
  HARTSHORN, Cervus, Cornu  cervi, Liquor
cornu cervi — h. Red,  Spiritus lavandulae com-
positus — h. and Oil, Linimentum ammoniae car-
bonatis.
  HARTS' TONGUE, Asplenium scolopendrium.
  HARTS'TRUFFLES,Elaphomycesgranulatus.
  HARTWORT OF  MARSEILLES, Seseli tor-
tuosum.
  HASCHE,  Pain.
  HASCHISCH, see Bangue.
  HASCHISCHINE, see Bangue.
  HASTA, Penis — h. Nuptialis, Penis—h. Vi-
rilis, Penis.
  HASTELLA, Splint.
  HASTINGS, CLIMATE OF.  This place has
the reputation of being one of the mildest and
most sheltered winter residences  on the south
coast  of  England.  Owing to  its low situation,
and the height of the  neighbouring cliffs, it is
protected in a great degree  from  all  northerly
winds ; and hence is found a favourable residence
generally for invalids labouring under diseases
of the chest.
  HASTULA  REGIS,  Asphodelus ramosus.
  HATFIELD'S TINCTURE, see Tinctura Gua-
iaci ammoniata.
  HATTREL, Abscess.
  HAUNCH,  Coxa,  Coxen'dix, of the Latins ;
ayXl>  or laXl0V< °f the  Greeks; Ancha, Iechion,
Osphye, Hip, Coeea, (Prov.) Hubbon, Shoup, (¥.)
Hauche.  The region of the trunk which is formed
by the lateral parts of the pelvis  and the  hip-
joint, including the soft parts.  In women, on
account of the greater  width of the pelvis, the
haunches are  more marked and prominent than
in men.
  HAUSE, Collum, Throat.
  HAUSTEL'LATE, Haustella'tus, from haurio,
haustum,'! drink up.'   An epithet  for the struc-
ture of mouth, which is  adapted for drinking or
pumping up liquids.  Insects, which possess that
kind of  mouth, are so named.  Ehrenberg refers
the fancied spermatozoon to  the haustellate en-
tozoa.
  HAUSTRA COLI, see Colon.
  HAUSTUS, Po'tio, Potiun'cula.  A Draught.
A liquid medicine, which can be taken at a
draught.
  Haustus Niger, see  Infusum sennae.
  HAUT MAL, Epilepsy.
  HAVAN'A or HAVAN'NAH, CLIMATE OF.
The climate  of Cuba is often  selected  for the
phthisical invalid during the winter months, and |
so far as regards elevation and comparative equa-
bility of temperature, it is more favourable for
those of weak lungs than that of the United
States.  The  mean  annual temperature is high
(7S°), but the difference between the mean  tem-
perature of the  warmest and  coldest months ia
twice as great as at Madeira.
  HAVERSIAN CANALS, Canals, nutritive, of
Bones.
  HAW, Hungry.
  Haw, Black,  Viburnum  prunifolium.
  HAWKNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum.
  HAWKWEED, VEINY, Hieracium venosum.
  HAWSE, Throat.
  HAWTHORN, WHITE, Mespilus oxyacantha.
  HAY ASTHMA, Fever, Hay.
  Hay, Camel's, Juncus odoratus.
  HAYRIFF, Galium aparine.
  HAYSCALE, Harelip.
  HAZEL, BEAKED, Corylus rostrata.
  Hazel  Crottles,  Lichen  pulmonarius— h.
Nut, snapping, Hamamelis Virginiana — h. Nut
tree, Corylus avellana.
  Hazel, Witch, Hamamelis Virginiana, Sorbus
aucuparia.
  HAZELRAW, Lichen pulmonarius.
  HEAD, Sax. heapo», heap©, heaved;  the past
participle  of heapan, 'to  heave  up.'  Caput,
Ceph'ule, Cy'be, Poll,  (Prov.) Hede, Pow,  Scop,
(¥.) Tete.  The head  forms the upper extremity
of the body, and tops the skeleton.  It  consists
of the cranium and face.  The first, which com-
prises all the superior and posterior part, has the
encephalon in its cavity:  the  latter forms  only
the anterior part, and  serves as the receptacle for
the greater part of the organs of the senses.
  Head, Water in the, Hydrocephalus.
  Head-Ache, Cephalaea, Cephalalgia—h. Ache,
intermittent,  Cephalalgia  periodica — h. Ache,
sick, Cephalaea spasmodica.
  HEADSWOMAN, Midwife.
  HEADY, same etymon as Head. (F.) Capiteux.
That which inebriates readily.   An epithet, ap-
plied to  wines which possess this quality.
  HEAL,  Sanitas.
  HEAL-ALL, Collinsonia  Canadensis, Prunella
vulgaris, Scrophularia nodosa.
  HEALING, Curative—h. Art,  Medicine.
  HEALTH, Sanitas.
  HEALTHY, Salutary.
  HEARING, HARDNESS OF, Deafness —h.
Perverse, Paracusis perversa.
  HEART, Sax.  heojit, Germ. Herz, Cor, Cear,
Cer, Car'dia, Ktap,  Ki,p, Kapiia, (F.)  Catur.   An
azygous  muscle,  of  an  irregularly pyramidal
shape; situate obliquely and a little to  the  left
side, in the chest;—resting  on the diaphragm by
one of its surfaces:—suspended by its base from
the great vessels; free and movable  in the rest
of its extent, and surrounded by the pericardium.
The right side of the body of the heart is  thin
and sharp, and is called Margo acu'tue:  the  left
is thick and  round, and termed  Margo obtu'eus.
It is hollow within, and contains four cavities;
two of which, with thinner and less fleshy walls,
receive the blood from the lungs and  tbe rest of
the body, and pour it into two others, with  thick
and very fleshy  parietes, which send it to  the
lungs and to every part of the body.  Of  these
cavities, the former are called auridee, the latter
ventriclee.   The right auricle and right ventricle
form the Pulmonic or right or anterior heart, Cor
veno'eum seu pulmona'le,  (¥.)  Cozur du poumon,
C. du eang noir,  C. droit, C. antSrieur: and  the
left auricle and ventricle, the eystemic, corporeal,
left, or aortic heart, Cor  arterio'eum seu aor'ti-
cum, (F.)  Coeur du corps, C. gauche, G. aortique
ou C. rouge.  In  the adult,  these are totally dis-
tinct from each other, being separated by  a parti-
tion ;—the eepttim cordie.  Into the right  auricle,
the venae cavae,—superior and inferior,—and the
coronary vein,  open.   The pulmonary artery
arises from the right ventricle; the four pulmo- 
HEART                  449                  HEAT
nary veins open into the left auricle, and the I
aorta arises from the left ventricle.               |
  The  mean  weight of the heart,  in  the adult, J
from the twenty-fifth  to the sixtieth year, is, ac-
cording to Bouillaud,  from eight to nine ounces.
The dimensions, according to Lobstein and Bouil-
laud, are as  follows: — Length,  from  base to
apex, five inches six  lines; breadth, at the  base,
three inches ; thickness  of the walls of the left
ventricle, seven lines;  at a finger's breadth above
the apex, four lines ; thickness of the walls of the
right ventricle, two and a quarter lines; at the
apex, half  a line; thickness of right auricle, one
line ; of the  left auricle, half a line.   The heart
is covered, externally, by a very thin, membra-
nous reflection from the pericardium.   The  mus-
cular structure of which  it is constituted is much
thicker in  the parietes of the ventricle than in
those of the auricles.   Its cavities are  lined by a i
very delicate membrane, the endocardium, which I
is. continuous with the inner  membrane of the
arteries, as regards the left cavities, and with that
of the  veins, as regards the right.   Its arteries—
the coronary — arise from the commencement of
the aorta.  Its nerves proceed, chiefly, from the
pneumogastric and the cervical ganglions of the
great sympathetic.  The heart is the great agent
in the  circulation.  By its contraction, the blood
is sent over every part of the body.   Its action
does not seem to be  directly owing  to nervous
influence received from  the brain or spinal  mar-
row, or from both.  The  circulation may, indeed,
be kept up, for some time, if both  brain and spi-
nal marrow be destroyed.
   When the  ear is applied to the chest, a dull,
lengthened sound is heard, which is synchronous
with the arterial pulse.  This is  instantly suc-
ceeded by a sharp, quick  sound, like that of the
v<ilve of a  bellows or  the lapping  of a dog, and
this  is  followed by a period of repose.   The first
sound  appears to be mainly produced by the con-
traction of the ventricles; the second,  by the re-
flux  of the blood against the  semilunar valves.
These  are what are  called the Sounds of the
Heart,  (¥.) Bruite du Coeur.  Dr. C. J. B.  Wil-
liams thinks  that the word litbb-dup conveys a
notion of the two sounds.  The Beating or Im-
pulse of the heart. Heart-stroke, Pulsus  seu  Ictus
cordis, (¥.) Impulaion  du  Coeur, against the  pari-
etes  of the chest, is mainly caused, perhaps,  by
the systole of the heart, which tends to project it
forwards.  It is  doubted,  however,  by some,
whether the impulsion be produced by the  dila-
tation  or the  contraction  of the ventricles.
  The  following  table exhibits the different ac-
tions of the heart, and their coincidence with its
sounds and impulse.  It presumes, that the period
from the commencement of one pulsation to that
of another is divided into eight parts;  and if the
case of a person, whose pulse beats^, sixty times
in a minute,  be taken, each of these parts will
represent the eighth of a second.
            Eighths op a Second.
Last part of the pause....1...Auricles contracting;
                             ventricles distend-
                             ed.
First sound and impulse..4...Ventricles _  contract-
                             ing ; auricles dilat-
                             ing.
Second sound...............2...Ventricles  dilating;
                             auricles dilating.
pauge.........................1...Ventricles  dilating;
                             auricles distended.

  The  heart  is subject to different organic dis-
ea«es •  the chief of which  are aneuriem, contrac-
tion of the aperturee, and rupture of its parietes.
  Heart, At'rophy of the, Atroph'ia  seu An-1
      20
du'ra seu Phthisis Cordis, Cardiatroph'ia, Acar-
diotroph'ia.  A condition  of the organ in which
there is diminution in  the thickness of the pari-
etes of the whole organ.
  Heart, Beating op  the, see Heart — h. Dila-
tation of the, see Aneurism—h. Displacement of
the, Ectopia Cordis—h. Fatty, Steatosis cordis.
  Heart, Hy'pertrophy of the, Hypertropk'iu
Cordis, Hypercor'dia, Hypiersarco'eia Cordis, Hy-
percardiotroph'ia,  Cardiaux'e, Aneurye'ma cor-
dia actlvum (Corvisart), Cor bovinum seu '.auri-
num, Enor'mitae  cordia,.(¥.)  Hypertrophic du
Coeur.   Supernutrition of the  muscular parietes
of the heart, which are thicker than  usual;  the
cavities being generally diminished.  The phya-
ical eigne which indicate it are the following.  In
cases of long standing, the praecordial region is
generally prominent; the  pulsations of the heart
are  visible over a  greater extent than natural;
and a marked vibration is communicatecl.to  the
hand when placed on the cardiac  region.  The
dull sound on percussion is more extensive than
natural; and on  auscultation  there is a perma-
nent increase of  the  force and extent  of  the
heart's action; there is no increase, however, of
frequency, and the rhythm is regular.   The pulse
is generally strong, full, and hard.
  Heart,  Hypertrophy with  Dilatation op
the, Active  an'euriem, Eccen'tric  hy'pertrophy.
In  this affection, the pulsations can be seen and
felt over a larger space, and the apex is more to
the left and lower down than  natural.   The  im-
pulse is  less steady, but  at times  more violent
than that which accompanies simple hypertrophy.
Percussion gives more distinct  evidence  of  the
enlargement, the sound being more extensively
dull. On auscultation, the impulse is often vio-
lent, but irregular : in  extreme cases, it produces
the sensation of  a large mass  of flesh  rolling or
revolving beneath the ear.  The pulse is strong,
full, and vibratory.  The 6hock of the heart's ac-
tion is often transmitted to the whole person, and
to the bed on which the patient is lying.
  Heart,  Concentric Hypertrophy  of the,
(F.)  Hypertrophic  concentrique,   Hypertrophie
centriplte du Coeur, Retrait ventriculairc,  Cardi-
arctie, is when the parietes  augment  at the  ex-
pense of the  cavities.
  Heart, Impulse of the, see Heart — h Neu-
ralgia of the, Angina Pectoris—h. Rupture of the,
Cardiorrhexis — h. Sounds of the, see Heart—h.
Stroke, see Heart.
  HEART'S EASE, Polygonum persicaria, Viola
tricolor.'
  HEARTS, LYMPH, Lymphatic hearts  -h.
Lymphatic, Lymphatic hearts.
  HEARTAXES, Ardor ventriculi.
  HEARTBURN, Ardor ventriculi, Cardialgia.
  HEARTSCALD, Ardor ventriculi.
  HEART-SCIRTS, Diaphragm.
  HEARTWORT, Laserpitium album.
  HEAT, past participle of Sax. haetan, 'to make
warm.'   Calor,  Therma,  Stppn-   (P.)  Chaleur.
The material cause, which produces the  sensa-
tion—or the particular sensation itself—produced
by a body of an elevated temperature, on our or-
gans, especially on the  organs of touch.  Modern
chymists have given the  name Calor'ic  to the
principle, whatever may be  its nature, which is
the cause of heat.   When  we touch a body of a
temperature superior to our own,  a portion of
caloric passes from the body  to the hand, and
produces the sensation of heat.  If, on the con
trary, we touch a body of  a temperature inferior
to our own, we communicate  a  portion  of oar
caloric to it, and experience the sensation of cold.
Our own sensations are but imperfect indexes of "
temperature.  Two  men meeting at the middle
of a mountain,—the one ascending, the other de- 
HEAT                   450                   HEAT
Bcending,— will  experience differeut sensations.
The one ascending, passes from a warmer to a
eolder atmosphere; — the one descending from a
eolder to a warmer.
  The chief instrument for measuring heat, used
in medicine, is the thermometer.   Of this there
are three kinds: — that of Fahrenheit,  that of
R6aumur, and that  of Celsius or the Centigrade.
The following Table exhibits the correspondence
of these different thermometric scales.
Fah.	Reau.	Centig.	Fah.	R6au.	Centig.	Fah.	Reau.	Centig.	Fah.	R6au.	Centig.
o	o	o	o	o	o	o	0	o	o	0	0
212a	80.00	100.00	148	51.55	64.44	85	23.55	29.44	22	— 4.44	— 5.55
211	79.05	99.44	147	51.11	63.88	84	23.11	28.88	21	— 4.SS	— 6.11
2106	79.11	98.88	146	50.66	63.33	83	22.06	28.33	20w	— 5.33	— 6.66
209	78.66	98.33	145	50.22	62.77	82	22.22	27.77	19	— 5.77	— 7.22
208	78.22	97.77	144	49.77	62.22	81o	21.77	27.22	18	— 6.22	— 7.77
207	77.77	97.22	143	49.33	61.66	80	21.33	26.06	17	— 6.66	— 8.33
200	77.33	96.66	142</	48.88	61.11	79	20.88	26.11	16	— 7.11	— 8.88
205	76.88	96.11	141	48.44	60.55	78	20.44	25.55	15	— 7.55	— 9.44
204	76.44	95.55	140	48.00	60.00	77	20.00	25.00	14	— 8.00	—10.00
203	76.00	95.00	139	47.55	59.44	76p	19.55	24.44	13	— 8:44	—10.55
202	75.55	94.44	138	47.11	58.88	75	19.11	23.88	12	— 8.88	—11.11
201	75.11	93.88	137	46.66	58.33	74	18.66	23.33	11	— 9.33	—11.66
200	74.66	93.33	136	46.22	57.77	73	18.22	22.77	10	— 9.77	—12.22
199	74.22	92.77	135	45.77	57.22	72	17.77	22.22	9	—10.22	—12.77
198	73.77	92.22	134	45.33	56.66	71	17.33	21.66	8	—10.0(5	—1:1.33
197	73.33	91.66	133ft	44.84	56.11	70	16.88	21.11	Iv	—11.11	•-13.S8
196c	72.88	91.11	132	44.45	55.55	69	16.44	20.55	6	—11.55	-14.44
195	72.44	90.55	131	44.00	55.00	68	16.00	20.00	5	—12.00	—15.00
194	72.00	90.00	130	43.55	54.44	67	15.55	19.44	4	—12.44	—15.55
193	71.55	89.44	129	43.11	53.88	66	15.11	18.88	3	—12.88	—16.11
192	71.11	88.88	128	42.06	53.33	65	14.66	18.33	2	—13.33	—16.66
191	70.66	88.33	127	42.22	52.77	64	14.22	17.77	1	—13.77	—17.22
190	70.22	87.77	126	41.77	52.22	63	13.77	17.22	0	—14.22	—17.77
! 189	69.77	87.22	125	41.33	61.66	62	13.33	16.66	— 1	—14.66	—18.33
188 «	69.33	86.66	124	40.88	51.11	61	12.S8	16.11	— 2mi	—15.11	—18.88
1 187	68.88	86.11	123	40.44	50.55	60	12.44	15.55	— 3	—15.o5	—19.44
186	68.44	85.55	122	40.00	50.00	59	12.00	15.00	— 4	—16.00	—20.00
185	68.00	85.00	121	39.55	49.44	58	11.55	14.44	— 5	—16.44	—20.55
184	67.55	84.44	120	39.11	48.88	57	11.11	13.88	— 6	—16.88	—21.11
183	67.11	83.88	119	38.66	48.33	56	10.66	13.33	— lx	—17.33	—21.66
182	66.66	83.33	118	3.8.22	47.77	55	10.22	12.77	— 8	—17.77	—22.22
181	66.22	82.77	117	37.77	47.22	54	9.77	12.22	— 9	—18.22	—22.77
180	65.77	82.22	116	37.33	46.66	53	9.33	11.66	—10	—18.66	—23.33
179	65.33	81.66	115	36.88	46.11	52	8.88	11.11	-Hy	—19.11	—23.88
178d	64.88	81.11	114	36.44	45.55	51	8.44	10.55	—12	—19.55	—24 44
177	64.44	80.55	113	36.00	45.00	50g-	8.00	10.00	—13	—20.00	—25 00
176	64.00	80.00	112	35.55	44.44	49	7.55	9.44	—14	—20.44	—25 55
175	63.55	79.44	111	35.11	43.88	48	7.11	8.88	—15	—20.88	—26 11
174e	63.11	78.88	llOi	34.66	43.33	47	6.66	8.33	—16	—21.33	—26 66
173	62.66	78.33	109	34.22	42.77	46	6.22	7.77	—17	—21.77	—27.22
172	62.22	77.77	108	33.77	42.22	45	5.77	7.22	—18	—22.22	—27.77
171	61.77	77.22	107	33.33	41.60	44	5.33	6.66	—19	—22.66	—28.33
170	61.33	76.66	106?	32.88	41.11	43	4.88	6.11	—20	—23.11	—28.88
1G9	60.88	76.11.	105	32.44	40.55	42	4.44	5.55	—21	—23.55	—29.41
108	60.44	75.55	104fc	32.00	40.00	41	4.00	5SC0	—22	—24.00	—30.00
107/	60.00	75.00	103	31.55	39.44	40	3.55	4.44	—23	—24.44	—30.55
166	59.55	74.44	102J	31.11	38.88	39	3.11	3.88	—24	—24.88	—31.11
105	59.11	73.88	101	30.66	38.33	38	2.66	3.33	—25	—25.33	—31.69
164	58.66	73.33	100m	30.22	37.77	37	2.22	2.77	—26	—25.77	—32.22
163	58.22	72.77	99	29.77	37.22	36	1.77	2.22	—27	—26.22	—32.77
162	57.77	72.22	98n	29.33	36.66	35	1.33	1.66	—28	—26.66	—33.33
161	57.33	71.66	97	28.88	36.11	34	0.88	1.11	—29	—27.11	—33.88
160	56.88	71.11	96	28.44	35.55	33	0.44	0.55	—30	—27.55	—34.44
159	56.44	70.55	95	28.00-	35.00	32r	0.00	0.00	—31	—28.84	—35.00
158	56.00	70.00	94	27.55	34.44	31	—0.44	—0.55	—32	—28.00	—35.55
157	55.55	69.44	93	27.11	33.88	30s	—0.88	—1.61	—33	—28.88	—36.18
156	55.11	68.88	92	26.66	33.33	29	—1.33	—1.66	—34	—29.33	—36.66
155	54.66	68.33	91	26.22	32.77	28*	—1.77	—2.22	—35	—29.77	—37.22
154	54.22	67.77	90	25.77	32.22	27	—2.22	—2.77	—36	—30.22	—37.77
153	53.77	67.22	89	25.33	31.66	26	—2.66	—3.33	—57	—30.66	—38.23
152	53.33	66.66	88	24.88	31.11	25	—3.11	—3.88	—38	—31.11	—38.88
151	52.88	66.11	87	24.44	• 30.55	24	—3.56	—4.44	—39z	—31.55	—39.44
150	52.44	65.55	86	24.00	30.00	23	-4.00	—5.00	—40	—32.00	-40.00
149	52.00	65.00									
  a Water boils (Barom. 30 inehes.)
  b Ileat of a stove, borne by Dr. So-
lander.
  c Heat of a stove, borne for 10 mi-
nutes by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr.
Solander.
  d Water simmers.
  p. Alcohol boils.
  / Very pure ether distils.
  g Bees' wax melts.
  h Spermaceti melts.
  £ Temperature  at  which liquida
are often drunk.
  j Heat observed in  Scarlatina.
  k Temperature of the common hen.
  I Temperature of arterial blood. [?]
  m Temperature of  venous blood.
Phovsphorus melts.
  n Ether boils, o Nitric ether boils.
  p Muriatic ether boils.
  q Medium temperature  of the
globe.           r lee melts.
  s Milk freezes.
  t Vinegar freezes.
  u Strong wine freezes.
  v A mixture of one part of alcohol
and three of water freezes.
  w Cold at the battle of Eylau, 1807
  x A mixture of equal parts of al-
cohol and water freezes.
  y A mixture of two  parts of alco-
hoi and one of water freezes.
  z Melting point of quicksilver.
   To reduce Centigrade degreee to thoee of Fah-
renheit, multiply by 9, divide  by 5, and add 32:
thus, 40° Cent. X 9 -f- 5 + 32 = 104° Fahr.   To
reduce Fahrenheit'e degreee to thoee of Centigrade,
sabtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9: thus,
104°  Fahr. — 32 X 5 -~ 9 = 40° Cent.    To re-
duce  RSaumur'e degreee  to  thoee of Fahrenheit,
multiply by 9, divide by 4, and add 32: thus, 32°
RSaum.X 9 -^ 4 + 32 = 104° Fahr.   To reduce
Fahrenheit'e degreee to those of RSaumur, subtract 
HEAT
451
HECTIC  FEVER
82, multiply by 4, and  divide by  9: thus, 104° I
Fahr. — 32  X 4 -^ 9 = 32 RSaum..   To reduce
RSaumur'e degreee  to thoee of Centigrade, multi-
ply by  5, and divide by 4: thus  32° RSaum. |
X 5 -t- 4 = 40° Cent. ; and, lastly, to reduce Cen- |
tigrade degrees to those of RSaumur, multiply by
4, and divide by 5: thus, 40° Cent. X 4 ~- 5 = 32°
RSaum.
   Fahrenheit       Centigrade.      Reaumur.

      n              n               n
— 212.......—	■- 100.......	__80
— 192	—	
— 152 — 132 - 112	— 80 — 60	— 60 — 40
- 92	— 40	
— 72 — 52	— 20	— 20
I--- 32.......	1— o.......---	- °
1 —	—	
a—	1_	
ilk	» d	-5)
                Thermometers.

  The human body can  bear a high degree of
heat diffused in the atmosphere.  There are cases
on record, where air  of  400° and  upwards, of
Fahrenheit's scale, has been breathed with im-
punity for a short time.   It can likewise with-
stand very severe  cold.  ' In the expedition of
Capt. Back to the Arctic  regions, the thermome-
ter was as low as — 70° of Fahr., and Sir George
Simpson  affirms, that it  has fallen  in Siberia to
— 83°, or 115° below the  freezing point.  Dr.
Kane, in the Arctic regions, in 1853-54, observed
the range of eleven spirit thermometers, selected
as standards, to vary from — 60° to— 75°.  The
mean annual temperature was 5°.2—the lowest
ever registered.
  Excessive heat  disposes  the  body to gastric
and intestinal diseases,  and particularly to  in-
flammation and enlargement of the liver; hence,
the frequency of such affections within the torrid
zone.   Heat is  often used  therapeutically:  the
actual cautery, at  a white heat, disorganizes the
parts to which it is applied: a lesser degree occa-
sions  violent inflammation.  Heat higher than
that of  the human body  is  excitant;  of a lower
degree, sedative.   Excessive cold acts as a power-
ful  sedative — inducing  sleep,  the tendency to
which, after long  exposure, becomes irresistible.
See Cold.  Many of the topical applications — as
cataplasms—act wholly by virtue of their warmth
and moisture.
  nKAT, Ardorvene'reus, Pruritus, (¥.) Chaleurs,
Chaleurs des Animaux, Rut, is the periodical sex-
ual desire experienced by animals,—tEstrua'tion.
It is supposed by some to be owing to the periodi-
cal maturation and discharge of ova.—Ovula'tion.
  Hkat, Acrid, see Acrid — h. Animal, see Ani-
mal Heat.
  Heat Apoplexy, see Coup-de-soleil.
  Heat, Inter'nal, (F.)  Chaleur interne, is  a
sensation of heat felt by  the patient, but not sen-
sible to the touch.  External heat, (¥.) Chaleur
extSrieure,  that which  can be felt  by  others.
Heat, Ardor, is called moiet, (¥.) haliteuee, when
accompanied  with moisture, like that felt after
bathing; dry, (¥.) elche, when the skin has not
its ordinary softness.  It is called acrid and pun-
gent, (¥.) here et  mordicante, when  it conveys a
disagreeable tingling to the fingers.  The French
employ the terms nervone heat and errat'ic heat,
Chaleur nerveuee  and Chaleur erratique, for that
which  comes by flushes, alternating with  chills,
and which  moves rapidly from one part to an-
other.  M. Double has used  the term eeptic heat,
(¥.) Chaleur septique, for  that which produces a
pungent sensation on the" hand, similar to that
of the acrid  heat,'but milder and more uniform,
and  which is accompanied with  feebleness and
frequency of pulse, <fec
  Heat, Prickly, Lichen tropicus.
  HEATH, COMMON, Erica vulgaris.
  HEATHER, Erica vulgaris.
  HEATHER-CLU, Malleolus.
  HEAUTOPHONICS, see Autophonia.
  HEAVINESS, Somnolency.
  HEAVING, Vomiturition.
  HEAVY,  Gravie,  (¥.)  Gravatif  from S.ix.
heapan, ' to  heave.'  An epithet given to any
pain which consists in a  sensation of weight or
heaviness,  or is accompanied by  such sensation.
  HEBDOMADAL CYCLE, see Cycle.
  HEBDOMADARIA, Octana.
  HEBE,  'nfll,  Juven'ta, Juven'tae,  Jneen'tiia,
Hora.   In antiquity, the goddess  of puberty.
The word  has been  employed  to  designate, 1.
The first hair that grows on  the  pubes,  2. The
pubic  region, and 3. Puberty.
  HEBETES, Adolescens.
   HEBETOR, Adolescens.
   HEBETUDO  ANIMI, Imbecility — h. Den-
tium,  Ha'modia—h. Visus, Amblyopia, Astheno-
pia, Caligo.
  HEBRADENDRON CAMBOGIOIDES,  see
Cambogia.
   HEBREWS, MED'ICINE  OF  THE.  Medi-
cine seems to have been at a very low ebb with
the  ancient  Hebrews.   Of anatomy they knew
nothing.   Their phyeiology was  imperfect and
filled  with superstitions;  and their therapeutice
unsatisfactory.   Hygiene appears to have been
most attended to.  Of the other departments of
medicine we cannot judge of their knowledge.
   HECATOMA  PALUSTRIS,  Ranunculus sce-
leratus.
   HECATOMPHYLLL'M, Rosa centifolia
   HECH,  Anhelatio.
   HECK BERRY, Prunus padus.
   HEC'TEUS, 'cKTtvs-  A Greek measure, con-
 taining about 72 chopines or pints.
   HECTIC  FEVER, Ferris hee'tica seu phthie'-
 ica seu maraamo'dee  seu  tab'ida  sen lenta  seu
 amphimer'ina hec'tfta seu amato'ria, Hectieop'-
 yra, Hecticopyr'etoe, Hee'tica, Amphimer'ina hee'-
 tica,  Syntecop'yra, Syntecticop'yra, Marasmop'-
 yra, Leucopyr'ia, Epan'etue hee'tica, Chloro'sie
 amato'ria, Ettick, (Sc.) Ethik, Etick, (¥.) Filvre
 Hectique ou Etique,  from 't^ts,  'habit of body;'
 because in this disease every part of the body  is
 emaciated ; or, perhaps, from tKrnKia, ' I consume,'
 ' I am exhausted.' The name of a slow, continued,
 or remittent fever, which generally accompanies
 the end of organic affections, and has been es-
 teemed idiopathic, although it is probably always
 symptomatic.  It is  the  fever  of irritation  and
 debility; an'd is characterized by progressive ema-
 ciation, frequent pulse, hot skin, — especially of
 the palms of the hands and soles of the feet,—
 and,  towards  the  end, colliquative  sweats  and
 diarrhcea.   Being symptomatic, it can only be
 removed by getting rid of the original affection.
 This is generally difficult, and almost hopeless  in
 the disease  which  it  most commonly accompa-
 nies,—consumption. 
HECTICA
452
IIELICINE
  HECTICA, Hectic Fever—h. Infantilis, Fever,
Infantile remittent.
  HECTICOPYRA, Hectic fever.
  HECTICOPYRETOS, Hectic fever.
  HEC'TISIS, (F.) Etisie.  Same etymon.  The
state of those who have hectic fever.
  HECTOGRAMME, Hectogram'ma, from 'tKa-
■*ov, 'a hundred,'and ypappa.   A measure of 100
grammes, i. e., 3 ounces, 1 drachm, and 44 grains,
Troy.
  HECTOLITRE.  A measure  containing 100
litres or 26.42 wine pints.
  HECUSIUS, Voluntary.
  HEDEO'MA, Hedeo'ma pulegio'i'dee, Cuni'la
pulegio'i'des, Melia'aa pulegio'idee, Pennyroyal,
Tickweed, Stinking Balm, Sqitawmint.   Sex. Syat.
Diandria Monogynia ; Nat. Ord. Labiatae.  From
'novs, 'agreeable.'  An indigenous plant, common
in all parts  of the United  States, and which,
where it is abundant, perfumes the air for a con-
siderable distance.  It is employed in  the same
cases as the mints and the English pennyroyal.
In popular practice it is used as an emmenagogue.
  The O'leum Hedeo'ma (Ph. U. S.) or Oil of
Pennyroyal is used as a stimulating carminative,
dropped on sugar.  Dose, 2 to 6 drops.
  HEDERA ARBOREA, H. Helix.
  Hed'era  Helix, Hed'era arbo'rea, Bac'chica,
Ciesoa, kiooos, Cittoa, kittos, Ed'era, Corymbe'tra,
Corym'boe, (Sc.)  Bindwood,  Ivy, (¥.) Lierre. L.
Commun ou  grimpant.  Ord. Araliacese.   The
taste of ivy leavea is bitter, styptic, and nauseous.
They  are not used in medicine.   According  to
Haller, they were recommended in Germany
against the atrophy of children ; and the common
people of England sometimes  apply them to run-
ning sores and to keep issues  open.  The berries
were supposed, by the ancients, to have  an emetic
and purgative quality; and a watery extract was
made  from  them, called by Quercetanus Extrac-
tum purgans.  From the stalk of the tree a re-
sinous juice exudes,  in warm climates,  called
 Gummi Hed'era,  Ivy Gum, (¥.) Gomme de lierre,
RSsine de lierre.  It is possessed of tonic and
astringent properties, but is not used.
   Hedera Terrestris, Glechoma hederacea.
   HEDERULA,  Glechoma hederacea.
   HEDE, Head.
   HEDEVERK,  Cephalalgia.
   HEDEWARK, Cephalalgia-
   HEDISARUM ALHAGI, Agul.
   HEDRA,  'tSpa, 'tipn, 'a vestige,' 'a  seat.'  A
 seat.  A fracture of the  bones of the  cranium, in
 which the trace  of the  fracturing instrument is
 still perceptible.   It was, also, Vised by the an-
 cients, for the anus, the  breech, excrement, a
 privy, a night-chair,  and for the  bottom of  an
 abscess.
   HEDROCELE, Proctocele.
   HEDYCH'ROUM, from 'nlvs, 'agreeable,' and
 Xpoi'  ' colour.'  A remedy of a  pleasant colour.
 Applied to certain trochs, the  chief constituent of
 which was theriac.
   HEDYPHO'NIA, from 'nSvs, 'sweet,' and tpuvn,
 'voice.'   Sweetness of voice.
   HEDYPNEUS'TUS, Hedyp'noue, from  'nSvs,
 'sweet,' and -nvtia,'I breathe.'  Breathing sweetly
 or softly.  Smelling sweetly.
   HEDYPNOIS TARAXACUM, Leontodon ta-
 raxacum.                        •
   HEDYSARUM ALHAGI, Agul
   HEDYSMA, Condiment
   HEEL, see Calcaneum — h. Clubfoot, see Kyl-
 .osis.
   HEGH, Anhelatio.
   HEIL, Sanitas.
   HELCENTERITIS, Dothinenteritis.
   HELCOC'ACE, Cachelco'ma, from  'sXwj,
'nicer,'  and  xaxn,  'badness.'   A  malignant
ulcer.
  HELCODES, Ulcerated, Ulcerous.
  HELCOL'OGY, Helcolog'ia, from  'iXkos, 'ul-
cer,  and Xoyos, 'discourse.'  The doctrine of, or
a treatise on, ulcers.
  .HELCOMA, Ulcer.
  HELCOMENIA, Menelcosis.
  HELCOPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthalmia ulcero'sa.
Ophthalmia with ulceration.
  HEL'COPLASTY,  Helkoplaaty, Elkoplaaty,
Elc'eplasty ;  from 'tXKos, ' an ulcer,' and irXaooia,
'I form.' An operation which consists in grafting
on  an ulcer  a piece of skin from tho opposite
limb, or from  the limb of another  person, when
the destruction of skin is too great to permit the
healing process.
  HEL'COS, from 'cXkos,  'an ulcer.'  Hence:
  HELCOSIS, Elcosis, Ulceration—h. Cerebri,
Encephalopyosis—h. Laryngis, Phthisis laryngea
—h. Pulmonalis, Phthisis pulmonalis—h. Rena-
lis, Nephrelcosis — h. Uteri,  see Metrophthisis —
h. Vesica),  Cystophthisis.
  HELCOSTAPHYLO'MA,  from UXkos,  'ulcer,'
and oraq>vXti>ua, 'staphyloma.'  Staphyloma end-
ing in ulceration.
  HELCOXERO'SIS, from  'tXKos,  'ulcer,'  and
^npioois, ' dryness.'   The drying of an ulcer.
  HELCTICA, Epispastics.
  HELCUS, Ulcer.
  HELCYD'RION, Helcyd'rium, 'tX^Zpiov, Ul-
ciia'culum, a  small ulcer, a superficial ulceration
of the cornea.—Galen, Paulus, Foc'sius.
  HELCYS'TER, 'tXavomp, from 'iXkw, ' I draw.'
An iron hook or crotchet for extracting the foetus.
See Crotchet.
  HELENIUM, Inula helenium.
  Helen'ium Autdmna'le, Falae  Sunflower,
Sneezewort, Sneezeweed, Swamp  Sunflower, Yeh
low etar,  Ox-eye.   Ord. Composita). An  indi-
genous herb, with large golden-yellow compound
flowers, which appear in August.  All its parts
are  bitter and somewhat acrid, and when snuffed
up  the nostrils in powder are powerful  sternu- •
tatories.
  HELIAN'THEMUM  CANADEN'SE. Ciatue
 Canadensis, Froetwort, Froetweed,  Froet plant,
Rock roee.   Ord. Cistaceaa. An herbaceous plant,
Helianthemum (Ph. U. S.), having large yellow
flowers, which grows in all  parts of the  United
 States, and flowers, in the Middle States, in June.
It  has an  astringent,  slightly  aromatic,  and
bitterish taste. It has been prescribed in scrofula,
 but probably is  nothing more than  an aromatic
 tonic.
   Heltan'tiieiitjm  Corymbo'sttji,  Rock  roee, an
 indigenous plant, is used in  the same cases.
   HELIASIS, Astrabolismus, Insolation.
   HELICH'RYSUM  NUDIFO'LIUM,  Caffer-
 tea.  A South African plant, Nat. Ord.  Compo-
 sitae, which is demulcent, and, in the form of in-
 fusion, is recommended in catarrh, phthisis, and
 other pulmonary affections.
   Helichrysum  Serpyllifo'liuw,  Hottentoli
 tea, and Helichrysum Auricula'tum have simi-
 lar virtues.
   HELICIA, Age.
   HEL'ICINE, Helic"iniis,  Helicdi'dee,  Helico'-
 dee, from helix, helicie, ' the  tendril of the vine.'
 Resembling in form  the tendril of the vine.
   Helicine Arteries of the penis, as described
 by J. Miiller, are short vessels given  off from the
 larger branches, as well  as  from the finest twigs
 of the artery of the organ:  most of those  come
 off at a right angle,  and  project into the cavity
 of the spongy substance, either  terminating ab-
 ruptly or  swelling  out  into a club-like  process
 without again subdividing.   Almost all  these
 vessels are bent like a horn,  so that  the  end de- 
HELICIS  MAJOR          453             HEMACHROIN
scribes half a circle or somewhat more.  They
have a great resemblance  to the tendrils of the
vine, whence  their name.  A minute examina-
tion of them, either with the lens or the micro-
scope,  shows that,  although  they at all  times
project into the vesous cavities of the corpora
cavernosa,  they are not entirely naked, but are
covered with a  delicate membrane, which, under
tho microscope, appears granular.
  IIEL'ICIS MAJOR.  A muscle  of the ear,
which originates from the anterior, acute part of
the helix, upon which it ascends and is inserted
into the helix.  It pulls the part into which it is
inserted a little downwards and forwards.
  Helicis  Minor.  This muscle originates from
the under and  fore part of the helix, and is in-
serted into the helix, near the fissure in the carti-
lage, opposite the concha.  Its use is to contract
the fissure.
  HELICOfDES. Helicine.
  HELICOTRE'MA, from 'tAif, 'helix, cochlea,'
and rpnpa, 'a foramen.'  The hole by which the
two scalae of the cochlea communicate at the apex*.
  HELIENCEPHALITIS, see  Coup de Soldi.
  HELIGMUS, Convolution.
  HELIKIA,  Age.
  HELIONOSIS, Insolation.
  HELIOSCIADIUM   NODIFLORUM,   Sium
nodiflorum.
  HELIOSIS, Astrabolismus, Insolation.
  HELIOTROPE, Heliotropium Europasum.
  HELIOTROPION, Ciehorium intybus.
  HELIOTRO'PIUM  EUROPIUM, H.  erec-
tum  seu canee'eene  seu  eupi'mim,  Verruca'ria.
The  He'liotrope, (¥.) Tourneeol, Herbe attx ver-
rttee.   Ord. Boraginaceae.  This  plant is  con-
sidered to possess aperient properties; and  to be
capable of destroying  cutaneous  excrescences;
hence one of its names.
  Heliotropium In'dicum, an East India plant,
naturalized in some of the Western and Southern
States, probably has similar virtues.
  HELlX,  'tXtl;, Capre'olue,  from  tiXtiv,  'to
envelop,'  ' to  roll.'  The  fold i's  thus  called,
which  forms the outer circumferance or ring of
the external ear.
  Helix, Limax.
  Helix Pomatia, (F.) Limacon, Colimagon, Ee-
cargot.  A large kind of snail,  transported  from
the south of Europe to  England by Sir Kenelmc
Digby, for his  lady when in a decline.  It was
considered highly restorative.
  HELLA, Incubus.
  HELLEBORASTER, Helleborus foetidus —h.
Foetidus, Helleborus foetidus.
  HELLEBORE, Dracontium foetidum—h. Ame-
rican,Veratrum viride—h. Black, Helleborus  niger
— h. Blanc, Veratrum album — b. Green, Helle-
borus  viridis — h. Noir,  Helleborus  niger—-h.
Stinking, Helleborus foetidus—h. Swamp, Vera-
trum viride—h. White, Veratrum album.
  HELLEBORIS'MUS, Elleboris'mus..  The me-
thod of treating disease, amongst the ancients, by
hellebore.  This comprised not only the choice,
preparation, and administration of the medicine,
but, likewise, the knowledge and employment of
preliminary precautions and remedies proper for
aiding its action, and preventing the pernicious
effects  which it might occasion.
  HELLEBORUS. H. niger—h. Albus, Veratrum
album-  h. Grandiflorus, H. niger —h. Trifolius,
Copt is.
  Helleb'orus Fce'tidus, Hcllehoras'ter,  Elle-
boraeter, Stinking Hellebore or Bear'a foot, Set-
terwort,(F.) Hellebore t)U EllSbore fetide, Pied de
Griffon.  Ord.  Ranunculaceae.   The leaves  of
this plant  are said to be  anthelmintic   The
am ell  of the fresh plant is extremely fotid, and
the taste bitter and acrid.  It usually acts as a
cathartic.
  Helleborus Niger, H. grandifio'rus, Elleb'-
orus niger,  Melampo' dium, Melanorrhlzum, Ec'-
tomon, Black  Hellebore, Melampode, Christmas
Rose, Clove-tongue, (¥.) HellSbore  noir.  The
root of  this European plant — Helleborue, (Ph.
U.  S.)—has  a disagreeable odour, and  bitter,
acrid taste.   It is possessed of cathartic proper-
ties, and has been recommended as an emmena-
gogue. It has  been given in mania, melancholia,
dropsy,  suppressed menses, &c.  Dose, gr. x to
^j, as a cathartic.
  Helleborus Vir'idis,  Green  Hellebore.  A
European plant, naturalized on Long Island, has
similar properties to the last.
  HELLECEBRA, Sedum.
  HELLENIA GRANDIFLORA, Costus.
  HELMET-FLOWER,  YELLOW,  Aconitum
Anthora.
  HELMET POD, Jeffersonia Bartoni.
  HELMINS, genitive,Helminthoe, plur. Helmin'-
thee seu Elmin'thee, from  'tXptvs,  ' a  worm.'  A
worm; an entozoon :—hence:
  HELMINTH AGOG UE, Anthelmintic.
  HELMINTHI, Worms.
  HELMINTHIA,  Helminthiasis — h. Alvi,
Worms.
  Helmin'thia Errat'ica.  Worms, introduced
by  accident and without finding a proper habita-
tion in the stomach  or  intestines; producing
spasmodic  colic, with  severe  tormina, and oc-
casionally vomiting or ejections  of blood; the
12th genus of the order Enterica, class  Cixliacti,
of Good.
  Helminthia Podicis, Worms.
  HELMINTHIASIS,  Helminthogen'eaie.  A
generic name for the condition which  gives occa-
sion to the presence of intestinal worms.   It is,
also, called Helmin'thia, Vermina'tio, Morbua ver-
mino'aua, Statue vermino'eue, Sabur'ravermino'sa,
Scoleci'aeie, Scolece'eie, Entozodgen'esie, Parasi-
tie'inue inteetina'lie; Worm disease, Invermina' tion.
See Worms.
  HELMINTHIC, Anthelmintic.
  HELMINTHOCHORTUM,  Corallina  Corsi-
cana.
  HELMINTHOCOLICA, Colica verminosa.
  HELMINTIIOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana.
  HELMINTHOGENESIS, Helminthiasis.
  HELMINTHOL'OGY, Hdmintholog"ia, from
helmina, helminthoe, and  Xoyos, ' a description.'
A treatise on worms.
  HELMINTHONCUS, Malis —h.  Medinensis,
Dracunculus.
  HELMINTHOP'YR'A, Helminthopyr'etos, Fe-
brie vermino'ea,  from  helmina, helminthoe, and
imp, 'a fever.'  Fever occasioned by worms.  See
Fever, verminous.
  HELMINTHOPYRETOS, Helminthopyra.
  HELMINTHUS GORDII,  Seta equina.
' HELODES, Elodes.
  HELONIAS DIOICA, Chamaelerium luteum—
h. Erythrosperma, Amianthum muscaetoxicum—
h. Lutea, Chamajlerium luteum — h.  Officinalis,
see Veratrina.
  HELOPYRA,  Elodes (febrisl.
  HELOPYRETUS, Elodes (febris).
  HELOS,  Clavus, Marsh.
  HELO'SIS, Hdo'tia.-from'ttXio, 'Iturn.' Ever-
sion of the eyelids, and convulsions of the musceg
of the eyes.  Plica Polonica.   St abismus.
  HELOTIS, Helosis, Plica.
  HELUS, Clavus, Helos.
  HELVELLA ESCULENTA, Morchella escu-
lenta.
  HELXINE, Parietaria.
  HEMACHROIN, Hsematin. 
HEMADYNAMETRE        45 4             HEMISPHERE
  HEMADYNAMETRE, Hsemadynamometer.
  HEMADYNAMIQUE Haemadynamics.
  HE MAPFAIITONIRRHAGIE, Hamaperito-
nirrhag" ia ; from 'aipa, ' blood,' peritonaum, and
pnywpt, ' I break forth.'  Hemorrhage into  the
peritoneum.
  HEMAPROCTIE, Haemorrhois.
  HE MA ST A TIQUES, Haamatostatica.
  HEMATIDROSE, Sudor cruentus.
  HEMATIN, Haematin.
  HEMATO-ENCEPHALIE, Apoplexy.
  IIEMATOID, Haematodes.
  HEMATOIDINE, Haematoidin.
  HEMATOLOGIE, Haematology.
  HEMATOLOGY, Haematology.
  HEM A TOM YE LIE, HSmorrhagie de  la Mo-
elle Epiuilre.
  HEMATONCIE, Haematoneus, see Haemato-
des fungus—h. Foneroide, Ha3matodes fungus.
  HEMATOPISIE,  Haematops.
  HEMATORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica.
  1IEMAT0SIN, Haematin.
  HEMATOSTATICS, Haematostatica.
  HE MA TOST A TIQUES, Haematostatica.
  HEMATOZOAIRES, Haematozoa.
  HEMENDOCARDE, Hoamendocardium.
  HE.MERA, 'nptpa, 'a day.'  Dies. Hence:
   HEMERALOPIA, see Nyctalopia.
   Hemeralo'pia, from  'npepa,  'the day,'  and
 erroput, ' I  see.'   Hameralopa, Dyso'pia  seu
 Caligo tenebra'rttm, Parop'eie Noctif'uga, Visits
 diur'iitis, Nyctalo'pia (of eome), Nyctotypltlo'sie,
 Amblyo'pia crepnscula'ris, Cacitae crepuscula'ris
 seu noctur'na, A'cies diur'na, Day-sight, Day-
 vision, Hen blindness, Night blindness, Noctur'nal
 Amauro'aia,  (¥.) Vue  diurne,  Aveuglement de
 Nil it.   A disease, in which the  eyes enjoy the
 faculty of seeing, whilst the sun  is above the
 horizon, but are incapable  of seeing by the aid
 of artificial  light.   Its causes are not evident.
 The  eye, when  carefully examined, presents no
 alteration, either in its membranes or humours.
   HEM'ERALOPS, Do'rea. One labouring under
 hemeralopia.   Also, Hemeralopia.
   IIE.MERATYPIILOSIS, Nyctalopia.
   HCMERODROMA, Ephemera.
   HEMEROPATHI'A; from 'nptpa, 'a day,' and
 irafloj, 'an affection.'  A disease, which continues
 only a day; or, which is only  observed during
 the day-
   HEMER0TYPHL0SI3, Nyctalopia
   HEMI, 'npi, 'npiovs, 'half,' 'semi.'  Hence:
   HEMIACEPH'ALUS, (¥.) HSmiaeSphale,from
 hemi, a,- privative,  and KtipaXn, ' head.'   A mon-
 ster  whose head is  represented by a shapeless
 tumour, with some appendages or cutaneous  folds
 anteriorly, the thoracic extremities existing.
    HEMIAMAUROSIS, Hemiopia.
    HEMIANDRUS,  Eunuch.
    HEMIANOR, Eunuch.
    HEMIANTHROPIA, Mania.
    HEMI ANT HROPUS, Eunuch, Maniac.
    HEMIAZYGA (Vena), see Azygos vein.
-    HEMICEPHALiEA, Hemicrania.
    HEMICEPHALiEUM, Sinciput.
    HEMICEPHALIUM, Sinciput.
    HEMICEPHALUM, Sinciput.
    IIEMICEPH'ALUS, Hemienceph'alue, Semi-
  ceph'alue, from  hemi, 'half,' and KtipaXn, 'head.'
  One who has half a head.
    HEMICRA'NIA, Hemicephala'a,  3Iigra'na.
  Grana, Hemipa'gia, Hemipe'gia,  Heterocra'nia,
  Monopa'gia, Monope'gia, Cephala'a Hemicra'nia,
  Hemip'tthla,  Neuralgia  eerebra'lie,  Megrim,
  from  hemi, 'half/ and  xpaviov.  'cranium.'   (F.)
  Migraine.  Pain, confined to one half the head.
It is almost always of an intermittent character;
—at times, continuing only as long as the sun is
above the horizon ; and  hence sometimes called
Sun-pain, — and is cured by cinchona, arsenic,
and the remedies adapted for intermittent?^
  Hemicrania Idiopathica, Neuralgia, facial.
  HEMIDES'MUS IN'DICUS, Perip'loca In'-
dica, Aecle'piae Pseudoear'ea, Sareaparilla In'-
dica,  Nannari, Indian  Sareaparilla.   Ord. As-
clepiadaceae.  A Hindoostanee plant, the root of
which, Hemideem'ue (Ph. D.), has a peculiar aro-
matic odour, and a bitterish  taste.  It is used in
Injlia as a substitute for sarsaparilla.
  HEMIDIALYSIS, Hemiplegia.
  HEMIDIAPHORE'SIS,  Tranepira'tio   Uni-
lat'era ; from  hemi,  ' half,' and  iiaipopnois, ' per-
spiration.' Perspiration of one half the body.
  HEMIEC'TON, Hemiec'teon, Semieex'tum.   A
vessel capable of containing 36 cbopines or pints,
and in which fumigations were  made in diseases
of the uterus and vagina.—Hippocrates.
  HEMIENCEPH'ALUS, (F.) HemicncSphale,
from  hemi, 'one half,' and tyet^aXos, 'the ence-
phalon.'  A monster, which  has no trace of the
organs of the senses, and yet has a brain nearly
natural.  See Hemicephalus.
  HEMIM'ELES,  (F.) HSmimlle,  from  hemi,
'one  half,'  and ptXos,  'a limb.'  A  genus  of
monsters, in which the upper or lower extremi-
ties are very defective — mere stumps, — and the
fingers and toes are entirely wanting or very im-
perfect.—I. G. St. Hilaire.
  HEMIMOB'RION, from  hemi, and uotoa, 'a
part.'  ' One half.'—Foesius.  Also, half a drachm.
—Erotian.
  HEM'INA.  A Greek measure, answering  to
the Cotyle, KorvXn, i. e. one half the sextarius,  or
about half a pint, English.
   HEMIOBOL'ION, Hemiob'olon. Half the obo-
lus.  A weight of about five grains.—Gorraeus.
   HEMIO'LION.  A weight of 12  drachms,  or
 oz. 14-—Galen.   See Sescuncia.
   HEMIO'PIA,  Hemiop'eia, Hemiopi'aaie, Suf-
 fu'eio dimid'iane, Visue dimidia'ttia, Marmor'yge
 Hippoc'ratie, Hemiamauro'eie, Amauro'aia  dimi-
 dia'ta, (¥.) HSmiopie, from  hemi, 'one half,' and
 oiTTopai, 'I see.'   Depraved vision, in  which the
 person sees only one half of an object.
   HEMIOPIASIS.  Hemiopia.
   HEMIOPSIS, Hemiopia.
    HEMIPA'GES, Dicor'yphue  dihypogas'trius,
  Oc'topus eynapheoceph'alua, from hemi, ' half,' and
  irnyvvui, 'I fasten.'   A monstrosity, in which
  twins are united from the navel to  the vertex.—
  I.  G. Saint Hilaire.
    HEMIPAGIA, Hemicrania.
    HEMIPATHIA,  Hemicrania.
    HEMIPEGIA. Hemicrania.
    HEMIPHO'NIA,  from 'nut,  'half/ and tpuvn,
  ' voice.'  Great weakness of voice.  The husky
  voice of those affected  with cholera.
    HEMIPLEGIA,  Hemiplex'ia, Hemidialysis,
  Paralyeie Hemiplegia, Semiple'gia,  Semi-eidc-
  ra'tio,  from  hemi,  'one half,'  and  ■trXnocu*,  or
  nXnTTia, ' I strike.'  Paralysis of one side  of  the
  body.  See Paralysis.   One so palsied is said to
  be hemipleg"ic, semi-sidera'tus.
    Hemiplegia Facialis, Paralysis, Bell's.
    HEMIPLEXIA, Hemiplegia.
    HEMIPROSOPLEGIA, Paralysis, Bell's.
    HEMISPH^R^E CEREBRI, Hemispheres of
  the brain.
    HEMISPHERE, Hemispha'ra, Hemispha'ri-
  um, from hemi, 'one half/ and etpatpa, 'a sphere.'
  One half of a sphere or of a body having a sphe-
  roidal shape.
    Hemispheres  of the  Brain,  Hemiepha'ra
  cer'ebri, Hemiepher'ical gan'ylia, are the upper 
HEMISPHERICAL  GANGLIA   455      HEPATII^MORRHAGIA
spheroidal portions  of the brain, separated from II
each other by the falx cerebri.
  HEMISPHERICAL GANGLIA, Hemispheres
of the brain.
  HE MITE, Huimitis.
  llEMITRITiE'A (FEBRIS,) Febria eemi-ter-
tulna seu eesquialtera, (¥.) Demi-tierce, Fievre
demitierce,  from hemi, 'half,' and  rpiraios, 'ter-
tian.'  A semi-tertian fever, so called because it
seems to possess both the characters of the ter-
tian  and  quotidian intermittent. — Galen,  Spi-
gelins.
  HEMIUNCIA, Hemiuncion.
  HEMIUN'CION, Heminilcia, Semun'cia,  Se-
miitn'eia.   Half an ounce.
  HEMLOCK, Pinus Canadensis, Conium macu-
latum— h. American, Cicuta maculata—h. Bas-
tard,  Chaerophyllum  sylvestre —h.   Common,
Conium maculatum.
  Hemlock Dropwort, QSnanthe.
  Hemlock, Ground, Taxus Canadensis.
  Hemlock Gum,  see  Pinus  Cadanensis— h.
Pitch, see Pinus Canadensis—h. Poison, Conium
—h.  Spruce, Pinus Canadensis.
  Hemlock, Water, American, Cicuta maculata,
Cicuta aquatica—h. Water, fine-leaved, Phellan-
drium aquaticum—h. Wild, Cicuta maculata.
  HiMO-ANGlAIRRHAGIE, Haemoptysis.
  HLMOCARDE, Haemocardiorrhagia.
  HEMOCARDIOPLASTIES, see Polypus.
  HEMODIA, Haemodia.
  HEM O-ENCEPHAL ORRHA GIE, Apoplexy.
  HEMOHEPATORRHAGIE, Hepatorrhagia.
  HEMOMETRE, Haemadynamometer.
  HE MOM YEL OR RHAG IE, Apoplexy, spinal.
  HEMOPERICARDE, Haemopericardium.
  HEMOPTYSIE. Haemoptysis — h. Foudroy-
ante, see Haemoptysis.
  HEMORRHAGE, Haemorrhagia—h. Acciden-
tal, see Haemorrhagia—h. Active, see Haemorrha-
gia^—h. from the Bladder, Cystirrhagia—h. Con-
stitutional,  see Haemorrhagia—h.  Critical,  see
Haemorrhagia—h. by Exhalation, see Haemorrha-
gia—h. External, see Haemorrhagia—h. General,
see Haamorrhagia—h. from  the Intestines, Me-
laena—h. Internal, see Haemorrhagia — h.  Inter-
stitial, Apoplexy—h. Local, see Haemorrhagia —
h. of the Mucous Membranes, see  Haemorrhagia
—h. Passive, see Haemorrhagia—h. from the Pi-
tuitary Membrane, Epistaxis—h. Pleural, Haenia-
tothorax — h. Secondary, see Haemorrhagia — h.
from tbe Skin,  Sudor  cruentus—h. Spinal, Apo-
plexy, spinal—h. Spontaneous, see  Haemorrhagia
—h. Supplementary, see Haemorrhagia—h. Symp-
tomatic, see  Haemorrhagia—h. of the Tissues, see
Haemorrhagia — h. Traumatic, see  Haemorrhagia
—h. Uterine, Metrorrhagia.
  HEMORRHAGIC  PLEURISY, Ilaematotho-
rax.
  HEMORRHAGIE BUCCALE, Stomatorrha-
gia—h. CSrSbrale, Apoplexy—h. du  Caeur, Haemo-
cardiorrhagia—h. du Foie, Hepatorrhagia—h. In-
terstitielle, Apoplexy—h. Iuteratilielle du Poumon,
Haemoptysis—h. dea Intestina,  llaematoehezia—
h. de  la Matrice, Metrorrhagia — h.  MeningSe,
Apoplexy meningeal — h. de la Moelle epinilre,
Apoplexia myelitica—h. Naeale, Epistaxis—h. de
la Vesxie, Cystirrhagia.
  HEMORRHAGIP'AROUS, (F.) Hemorrhagi-
pare, from  hamorrhagia, 'hemorrhage/ and ^a-
rire, 'to bring forth.'  That which gives occasion
to hemorrhage: thus, softening of the  neurine
may be hemorrhagiparoue.
  HEMORRHINIE, Epistaxis.
  HEMORRHOID AIRE (¥.). One who is sub-
ject to hemorrhoids.
  HEMORRHOlDES, Haemorrhois — h. Aveu-
 lee, Caecae haemorrhoides.   See Haemorrhois.
  HEMORRHOSCOPIE, Haematoscopia.
  HEMOSPASIE, Hseniospasia.
  HEMOSPASIQUE, Haemospastic
  HEMOSTASIE, Haemostasia.
  HEMOSTATICS, Haematostatica.
  HEMOSTATIQ UES, Haematostatica.
  HEMP,  INDIAN,  Apocynum  cannabinum,
Bangue—h. Wild, Ambrosia trifida.
  IIEMPWEED, AROMATIC, Eupatorium aro-
maticum— h. Roundleaved, Eupatorium rotundi-
folium.
  IIEMPSEED, see Cannabis sativa.
  HENBANE,  Hyoscyamus.
  1IENBIT, Lamium amplexicaule.
  HEN-BLINDNESS, Hemeralopia.
  HENNE, Lawsonia inermis.
  HENRICEA PHARMACEARCHA, Gentiana
chirayita.
  HENRICUS  RUBENS, Colcothar.
  HEPAR, 'nnap, 'genitive/ 'nnaros,  'liver.'  A
name for substances  resembling liver  in  appear-
ance.  The ancient name for the liver of sulphur,
Hepar eul'phurie; which  is sometimes  a com-
pound of sulphur and  potassium;  at others, of
sulphur and potassa.   See  Potassae sulphuretum.
  Hepar Adiposum,  Adiposis hepatica—h. Adul-
terinum, Spleen.
  Hepar  Antimonia'tum  is a compound  of a
sulphuret of antimony and an  alkali.  See Oxy-
dum stibii sulphuratum.
  Hkpar Martia'le.  A compound of sulphuret
of potass and an oxide of iron.
  Hepar Sanguinis, see Blood — h. Sinistrum,
Spleen.
  Hepar Succenturia'tum.  An additional liver
or liver lobe; a case of malformation.
  Hepar Sulphuris Salinum, Potassae  sulphu-
retum—h. Sulphuris  volatile, Ammonias  sulphu-
retum—h. Uterinum, Placenta — h. Variegatutu,
Liver, nutmeg.
  HEPATAL'GIA,  Hcpatodyn'ia,  Neuralgia
Iie'patie,  Colica hepat'ica, from  'nirap,  'niraros,
'liver/ and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain  in the  liver.
Neuralgia of the liver, (F.) NSnralgie du Foie.
  Hepatalgia  Calculosa, Colica  hepatica — h.
Petitiana,   Turgescentia   vesiculae  felleae — h.
Phlegmonoides, Hepatitis.
  HEPATAPOSTE'MA, from  V«p, 'niraros, and
anoornpa, ' an abscess.'  Abscess of the liver.
  HEPATARIUS, Hepatieus.
  HEPATATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia seu Aridu'ra
he'patie, from 'nirap, 'jjiraros, and atrophia, 'atro-
phy.'  Atrophy of the liver: — a  general  con-
comitant of Cirrho'sis he'patis.
  HEPATAUXE,  Hypertroph'in  he'patie,  (F.)
HyperhSpatotrophie, Hypertrophic du foie.   Hy-
pertrophy of the liver.
  HEPATECHE'MA, ,SWi7w» hepat'icua, from
'nirap, 'niraros, and 'nxtpa,  'sound.'  Sound ren-
dered by the liver on  percussion.
  IIEPATEMPHRAX'IS, from  'nrap,  'niraros,
and  tptppaceui, 'I obstruct.'  Emphrax'ia  heputis.
Hepatic obstruction. — Ploucquet.
  HEPATENCEPHALO'MA,  Hepatomyelo'ma,
Funyre he'patie medulla'ria,  from 'nirap.  'n'aros,
and tyKtipaXos, '  encephalon.'  Encephaloid of the
liver.
  HEPATE'RUS, Hepat'icua,  Jecora'riua.  A
variety of diarrhoea, Fluxua hepaticue.—Gorraeus.
  HEPATH^MORRHAG"IA, Hamorrhag" a,
hepat'icu, Hepatorrhag"ia, Apoplex'ia hepat'ica,
(¥.)  HSmorrhagie  du foie, HSmohSpatorrhagie,
from 'nnap, 'niraros, and 'aipoppayta, 'hemorrhage.'
Hemorrhage from the liver. 
HEPATIC
456       HEPATOCHOLORRHCEA
  HEPAT'IC, Hepat'icue, Hepata'ritte, Hepate'-
rue, Hepatol dee, Hepato'des, Jecora'riue, Jec'oral,
(¥.) HSpatique  JScoraire,  from  'i)irap, 'niraros.
Belonging or relating to or resembling liver.
  Hepatic Ar'tery, Arte'ria Hepat'ica.  One of
the three branches given off by the coeliac.  It
passes towards the inferior surface of the liver;
where it divides into two branches, a right and
a left, which proceed towards the corresponding
parts of that organ.  The right branch gives off
the cystic artery.  Before dividing,  the hepatic
artery sends off two considerable  branches, the
A. pylorica and Gaetro-epiploica dextra.
  Hepatic Duct,  Ductus hepat'icua, (¥.)  Canal
hSpatique, is about  three   fingers'  breadth in
length, and of the  size  of a quill.   It is formed
by  the union of the  biliary ducts,  and joins the
cystic duct  at  a very  acute angie,  to form the
ductus choledochus.  Its function  is to convey
the bile from the liver towards the  duodenum.
  Hepatic Islets, see Liver—h. Lobules, see
Liver.
  Hepatic Plexus, Plexue  hepat'icue, consists
of  nervous filaments, sent by the  coeliac plexus
to the liver, which  accompany the hepatic artery.
   Hepatic Veins, Supra-hepatic   Veine,  Vena
cava hepat'ica, (¥.) Veinee sus-hSpatiqnes, Intra-
lob'ular veins, do  not  follow the course of the
arteries of the same name.  They  arise in the
substance of the  liver;  converge  towards the
posterior margin  of that viscus, and open into
the vena cava inferior.  They  convey away the
blood carried to the liver by the hepatic  artery
and vena porta.
  HEPAT'ICA.  Medicines  believed to be ca-
pable of affecting the liver.
  Hepatica, H. triloba — h. Americana, H. tri-
loba— h. Fontana, Marchantia  polymorpha—h.
Nobilis, II. triloba—h. Stellata, Asperula odorata.
  Hepatica. Tril'oba, H. America'na, Anemo'ne
hepat'ica seu nob'His, Herba trrnita'tis, Hepat'ica,
Hepat'icue floe,  Trifo'lium hepat'icum  seu  au'-
reum, Liverwort, Liverweed,  Trefoil, Noble Liver-
wort, Herb Trin'ity, (¥.)  HSpatique  des jardins.
The leaves of this  plant — Hepat'ica (Ph. U. S.)
— are a gentle  astringent, but  not possessed of
much virtue.
  HEPATICULA, Hepatitis, chronic
  HEPATICUS, Hepateros —h. Flos, Hepatica
triloba.
  HEPATIFICATIO, Hepatization.
  HEPATIQUE,  Hepatic—h.  EtoilSe, Asperula
odorata — h. des Fontaine,  Marchantia polymor-
pha— h. des Jardins, Hepatica triloba.
  HEPATIRRIIOZ'A, Fluxue hepat'icua, Dyaen-
ter'ia hepat'ica, Diarrhce'a hepat'ica, Hepator-
rhoe'a, Hcpatocholarrhoe' a, Hepatodyeenter'ia, Ile-
]jatorrhag"ia, Hamate'ra,  Aimate'ra, (F.)  Flux
hSpatique, from  'nnap, 'niraros, and  ptta,  ' I  flow.'
A  species of diarrhoea in   which  the  excreted
matters seem to come from the liver,  or are much
mixed with bile.
  HEPATIS EMUNCTORIA,  Inguen—h. Sus-
pensoriuin, Ligament, suspensory, of the liver.
  HEPATISATIO,  Hepatization — h.   Pulmo-
num, Hepatization of the Lungs.
  HEPATISATION,  Hepatization — fc.  Griee,
see Hepatization—h. Rouge, see Hepatization.
  HEPATITES VENA, Cava vena.
  HEPATI'TIS, Emprea'ma hepati'tie, Cauma
seu Inflamma'tio he'patie,  I. Jecin'orie, Febria
hepat'ica  inflammato'ria, Hepatulgia  phlegmo-
tio'i'dee,  Morbus  jecin'orie, Hepatophleg' mone, In-
flammation of the liver,  (¥.)  HSpatite, inflam-
mation du foie, Piece. (Provincial); from 'nirap,
hpraTos,  'liver/  and itia. denoting  inflammation.
' It may be seated either in the peritoneal cover-
 ing,  Sero-hepati'tie, Hepati'tie velamento'aa sen
I extern'a,  Peritoni'tie  hepat'ica,  Perihepatltie,
 or in the substance of the liver, Hepati'tie paren-
 chymato'ea, or in both, Puro-hepatltie, and may
 be  acute  or chronic.   The  peculiar  symptoms
 are:—pain in the rfght hypochondrium, shooting
 to the back and right shoulder, and incrta.-ed on
 pressure;  difficulty of  lying on  the  left  side;
 sometimes  jaundice with  cough, and synocha.
 Its termination is  generally by resolution : — in
 tropical climates it often runs on  to  suppuration,
 Jec'orie  vom'ica,  Hepati'tie  apoetemato'ea, the,
 abscess breaking either externally, or forming a
 communication  with the intestines or chest, or
 breaking into the cavity of  the  abdomen.  The
' cauaea are  those  of inflammation  in  general.
 Heat predisposes to it; hence Its greater frequency
 in hot climates.  On dissection of those who have
 died of it,  the liver has been found hard and en-
 larged ; colour of a deep  purple; 'or  the mem-
 branes have been  more or less vascular; or ad-
 hesions, or tubercles, or hydatids, or abscesses,
 or biliary calculi may be met with.   The treat-
 ment must be bold. Bleeding, general and local,
 fomentations, blisters, purgatives, and the anti-
 phlogistic regimen.  In hot climates especially, a
 new action must be excited  by mercury as early
 as possible.
    Hepatitis Apostematosa, see  Hepatitis.
    Hepatitis, Chronic,  Hepati'tie chron'ica, In-
 flamma'tio he'patie lenta, Hepatitie  occulta, He-
 patic'ula,  Subinflamma'tio he'patie,  (¥.) Chrono-
 hSpatite, Chronic liver disease, is  not as common
 as is believed.   It may be  suspected from the
 existence  of  the   symptoms above mentioned,
 when in a minor degree;  enlargement, constant
 dull pain in the region of the liver;  sallow coun-
 tenance;  high-coloured  urine;  clay-coloured
 faeces, Ac   The great object of  treatment is to
 excite  a new action by mercury and counter-
 irritants, and to keep the liver free by cathartics.
    Hepatitis Cystica, Cholecystitis—h. Externa,
 see Hepatitis — h.  Occulta, H. chronic — h. Vela-
 mentosa, see Hepatitis — h. Parenchymatosa, sea
 Hepatitis.
    HEPATIZATION, Hepatisa'tio, Hepatifica'-
 tio, from 'nnap, 'niraros.  Conversion  into a liver-
 like substance. Applied to the lungs when gorged
 with effused matters, so that they are no longer
 pervious  to the air — Hepatisa'tio pulmo'num,
 Carniflca'tio pulmo'num.  In such state, they are
 said to be hepatized.
    Hepatization,  Red, (F.)  HSpatisation rouge,
 Endurciesement rouge, Ravtolliesement rouge, cha-
 racterizes the first stage of consolidation of the
 lungs in pneumonia.
    Hepatization, Gray, (F.) HSpatieation grise,
 Induration griee, Ramollissement grie, Infiltration
 purvlente,  characterizes the third stage, or stage
 of purulent infiltration.
    HEPATIZON, Chloasma.
    HEPATOC'ACE, from 'nirap, 'niraros, and kokos,
 'evil.'  Gangrene  of the liver.
    HEPATOCE'LE,  from  'nirap,  'niraros, and
 KnXn, 'a tumour;'  Her'nia hepat'ica;  Hernia of
 the liver.   (¥.)  Hernie du foie.   The liver haa
 never been found  entirely out of the abdomi-
 nal  cavity.  Increase of  its bulk, or injuries
 of the parietes of the  abdomen,  have  been the
 sole cause of the  protrusions which have  been
 occasionally met with,  especially in infants, in
| whom  the upper part of the linea  alba  is very
I weak, and  indeed  scarcely setms to exist.  Sau-
 vages has distinguished two species of hepatneele:
 —the ventral (in the linea alba),  and the  umbili-
 cal or hepatomphalum.
   HEPAT0CH0L0RRHC3A, Hepatirrhoea. 
HEPATOCOLICUM
457
HERBARIUM
  HEPATOCO'LICUM.  A ligament of the liver,
described  by Haller, as passing from the gall-
bladder and contiguous sinus portarum, across
the duodenum, to the colon.  Another,  termed
Hepato-renal, descends from the root of the liver
to the kidney.  They are both peritoneal.
  HEPATOCYSTIC,  Hepatocye'ticus,  Cyetide-
pat'icue, from 'nrap, 'niraros, and kvotis, ' bladder.'
Relating to the liver and gall-bladder.
  Hepatocystic Duct, Ductue  hepatocyst'icus.
The choledoch  duct.
  HEP'ATODYME,  Hepatod'ymus,  from 'nirap,
'niraros, and  it&vuos, 'a twin.'  A monster united
at the liver, and double above.
   HEPATODYNIA,  Hepatalgia.
   HEPATODYSENTERIA, Hepatirrhcea.
   HEPATOGASTRIC, Gastrohepatic
  HEPATOGASTROCHOLOSIS, Fever, bilious,
Fever, gastric.
  HEPATOG'RAPHY,  Hepatogra'phia;  from
'nnap,  'nuaros,  and ypaipn,  ' a description.'   The
part of anatomy which describes the liver.
   HEPATOILE'MIA, Hypera'mia he'patis, He-
pat'ic Engorge'ment, (F'.) HyperSmie du Foie, from
'nirap, 'nuaros, and  'aipa,  ' blood.'   Sanguineous
congestion of the liver.
   HEPATODES, Hepatic.
   HEPATOIDES, Hepatic.
   HEPATOLITHI'ASIS,  from  'nirap,  'nuaros,
and XtBiaeis, 'formation of  stone.'  The forma-
tion of concretions, Hepatolithi, in the liver.
   HEPATOL'OGY,  Hepatolog"ia, from  'nirap,
'niraros, and  Xoyos,  'a discourse/  'treatise.' A
treatise on the  liver.
   HEPATOMALA'CIA, Malaco'eis he'patis, (¥.)
Ramollissement du Foie.  Softening of the liver.
   HEPATOM'PHALUS,   from  'nirap,  'nuaros,
'liver,' and optpaXos, 'navel.'  Hernia of the liver
at the umbilicus.
   HEPATOMYELOMA, Hepatencephaloma.
   HEPATON'CUS, from 'nirap, 'niraros, and oyeos,
'a tumour.'   Tumefaction  of the liver.
   HEPATOPAREC'TAMA,  from  'nirap,  'niraros,
sod iraptKTapa,  ' considerable extension.'  Exces-
sive enlargement of the liver.
   HEPATOPATHI'A, from 'nirap, 'niraros,  and
iraQos, ' suffering.'  Liver-dieeaee.  Disease of the
liver.                        _,
   HEP ATOP ATHIE  OANCEREUSE,¥Lena-
toscirrhus—h. Tuberculeuee,  HSpatostrumoeie.
   HEPATOPHLEGMONE, Hepatitis.
   IIEPATOPHTHI'SIS, Phthieie hepat'ica, from
'nirap, 'nuaros, and tpdae, ' I consume.'  Consump-
tion from  suppuration of the liver.
  HEPATORRHAGIA, Hepatirrhcea, Hepathas-
morrhagia.
  HEPATORRHEX'IS, from Vap, 'nuaros, and
oniis, 'rupture.' Rupture of the liver.
  HEPAT0RRHO3A, Hepatirrhcea.
  HEPATOSAROOMIE, Hepatoscirrhus.
  HEPATOSCIR'RHUS,   from  'nnap,  'niraros,
and oeippos,  ' cancerous  induration.'  Scirrhite
he'patie Encephalo'eie or Carcino'ma of the liver,
(¥) HSpatoearcomie, HSpatopathie  cancSreuee,
Cancer  du  Foie.   Scirrhus or  Cancer  of  the
liver*
  HEPATOSTRUMOSIE,  Tuber'cula he'patie,
fF ) Tuberculee du Foie,  HSpatopathie tubercu-
leiise •  from 'n*ap, 'nuaros, and  etruma,   a tu-
mour/ 'a scrofulous  tumour.'  Tubercle of the

liver'                      ,     ,          j
  HEPATOT'OMY,   from  Vap,  'nuaros,  ano:
rtuvu, 'I cut.'  Dissection of the liver.          U
  HEPIALOS, Epialos.
  HEPS, see Rosa canina.
  HEPSEMA, Decoction.
  HEPSESIS, Decoction.
  HEPTAL CYCLE, see Cycle.
  HEPTAL'LON GRAVEOLENS, Hogwort,
Bears' fright.  An indigenous plant, which has
a fetid porcine smell; and is said to bo used ly
the Indians as a diaphoretic,  cathartic, &c.
  HEPTAPHAR'MACUM, from 'tirra, 'seven,'
and tpappaKov, 'a remedy.'  A medicine composed
of seven substances; cerusse,  litharge, pitch, wax,
colophony, frankincense, and  bullock's fat.  It was
regarded as laxative, suppurating and healing.
  HEPTAPHYLLUM, Tormentilla.
  HEPTAPLEURON, Plantago major.
  HERACLEUM, see H.  lanatum — h. Branca,
H. spondylium.
  HERACLE'UM SPONDYL'lUM, H.Bran'ca, Branca
urei'na seu German'ica, Spondylium, Sphondyl-
ium, Cow  Parsnep, All-heal,  Cow-mumble, (So.)
Bunewand, (Prov.) Citshia,  (¥.) Berce, Brane-
ureine bdtarde, Faueae Acanthe.  Order, Umbel-
liferae.  Sex. Syat. Pentandria Digynia.  Dedi-
cated to 'HpaeXns, 'Hercules.'  The  root of this
plant has  a strong, rank smell; and a pungent,
almost caustic taste.   It  has been given as a
tonic, stomachic and carminative ; both in powder
and  in decoction.  The Russians,  Lithuanians,
and  Poles obtain from its seeds and leaves, by
fermentation, a very intoxicating spirituous  liquor,
which they call Parst.
  The root of Heracle'um Lana'tum, Maatericort,
Cow parsnep,—Heracle'um (Ph. U. S.)—is in the
secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia  of the United
States.
  HERACLEUS MORBUS,  Epilepsy.
  HERB,  Herba,  Bot'ane.  Any  ligneous  plant,
which loses its stalk during the winter.
  Herb, Blessed,  Geum  urbanum—h. Christo-
pher, Actaea spicata.
  Herb-Doctor, Botan'ical doctor or physie"ian.
One who treats diseases altogether  by herbs; as
the—so called—" Thompsonians."
  Herb of  Grace, Gratiola officinalis — h. Mas-
tich, common, Thymus mastichina — h. Mastich,
Syrian,  Teucrium  marum — h. Peter,  Primula
veris — h. Robert, Geranium Robertianum — h.
of Saint Cunegonde, Eupatorium cannabinum—h.
Sophia, Sisymbrium sophia—h. Trinity, Hepatica
triloba.
  HERBA,  Herb—h. Alexandrina,  Smyrnium
olusatrum—h. Althaeae, Pelargonium  cucullatum
—h. Anthos, Rosmarinus —  h. Benedicta, Geum
urbanum—h. Britannica, Rumex hydrolapathum
—h.  Canni, Artemisia santonica — h. Cardiaca,
Leonurus  cardiaca — h. Cardui veneris, Dipsacus
fullonum — h. Dorea, Solidago virgaurea—h. Fe-
lis, Nepeta—h. Genipi, Achillea atrata—h. Ignis,
Lichen pyxidatus — h. Melancholifuga, Fumaria
—h. Militaris, Achillea millefolium — h. Papilla-
ris, Lapsana — h. Paralyseos, Primula veris — h.
Paralytica, Primula veris—h. Patae  lapinae, Leo-
nurus cardiaca—h. Pulicaris, Plantago psyllium
— h. Quercini, Lichen plicatus—h. Sacra, Ver-
bena  officinalis—h. Salivaris, Anthemis  pyre-
thrum— h. Sardonia, Ranunculus sceleratus—h.
Scelerata,  Ranunculus scleratus — h. Sideritidis,
Galeopsis grandiflora—h. Tabaci, Nicotiana taba-
cum—h. Trinitatis, Anemone hepatica, Viola tri-
color—h. Veneris, Adiantum  peda turn — h. Ven-
tis, Anemone  Pulsatilla—h. Vitri,   see Salsola
kali — h. Zazarhendi, Origanum.
  HERB.E PRO  ENEMATE, Glyster  herbs—
h. pro fotu, Fomentation herbs.
  HERBALIST, Herborist.
  HERBA'RIUM, from  herba, a  plant  (F.) 
HERBARIUS              458                HERNIA
Herlier.  A collection of plants.   Generally ap-
plied to a collection of dried plants — Hortua sic-
cus.  In Pharmacy, a plant that is used entire.
  HERBA RIUS, Herborist.
  HERBE, Herb—h. mix Abeillea, Spiraea ulma- ,
ria — k. an Cancer, Plumbago  Europaea — h. au i
Centaure, Chironia centaurium—h. aux Chantree,
Erysimum—h. aux Charpentiere, Achillea mille-
folium, Justitia pectoralis—h. aux Chata, Nepeta,
Teucrium marum—h. au  Coq, Tanaeetum bal-
samita—h. au Cuillere,  Cochlearia  officinalis —
h. aux  Ecrouellee,  Scrophularia nodosa—h. aux
Eeue, Lysimachia nummularia—h. el  Eternuer,
Achillea ptarmica—h. d  la Filvre, Chironia cen-
taurium—h. aux Femmea battuee, Tamus commu-
nis—A. de Grace, Ruta—h. aux Gttcux, Clematis
vitalba—h. aux HSinorrhoidea,  Ranunculus  fica-
ria—h. d I'Hirondelle, Chelidonium  majus—h. u
la Hoitette, Asclepias  Syriaca — h. d'lvrogne, Lo-
lium temulentum—h. dee Jttifa, Solidago virgau-
rea—h.  aux Ladree,  Veronica—h. aux Mamellee,
Lapsana—h. aiix Mouchee,  Conyza  squarrosa —
h. aux Muraillce, Parietaria — h. dee Nonee, Pa-
rietaria — h. aux  Oiea, Potentilla  reptans — It. d
Paria,  Paris—h. d la Paralysie, Primula veris—
h. ait Pauvre homme,  Gratiola officinalis—h. aux
Perlee,  Lithospermum officinale — h.  d Pieaer,
Pyrola  umbellata — h. d la Pottdre de  Chypre,
Hibiscus abelmoschus—h. aux Poux, Delphinium
staphisagria—h. 6, la Puce, see Apocynum hyperi-
cifolium—h. aux Pucee commune, Plantago psyl-
lium—h. a Robert, Geranium Robertianum—h. d
la RoeSe,  Drosera  rotundifolia—h.  de  Sainte
Barbe, Erysimum barbarea—h. Sainte Chriatophe,
Actaea spicata—h. de Sainte Etienne, Circaea lute-
tiana — h. Saint Fiacre, Verbascum  thapsu's—h.
de Saint Jean, Artemisia vulgaris—h. Saint Jean,
Glechoma hederacea — h. de Saint Quirin,  Tus-
silago—h. de Saint Roch, Inula dysenterica — h.
Sainte Rose,  Paeonia—h. aux Sorciers, Circaea
lutetiana, Datura stramonium—h. aux Teigneux,
Arctium lappa — h.  d Toue lee maux, Verbena
officinalis—h.  Turque, Herniaria glabra — h. aux
 Vers, Tanaeetum vulgare—h. aux Venues, Helio-
tropium Europaeum.
  HERBIER, Herbarium, Ingluvies.
  HERBIVOROUS, Herbiv'ome, from  hsrba,
'grass/ and voro, 'I eat.'  An epithet  applied to
animals  which feed on herbs.
  HER'BORIST, Herba'due.  One  who deals in
useful plants.   An Hcrb'aliet or Herb'arist.
  HERBORIZA'TION,  Herba'rum inqnieil'io.
An excursion, made with the view  of collecting
plants.    Such excursions  are directed by the
Apothecaries' Company  of London, for the use
of their apprentices, Ac.
  HERBS, FIVE CAP'ILLARY,  Qninque herba
capilla'rea, were, anciently, hart's  tongue; black,
white, and golden maiden-hair, and spleenwort.
  Herbs, Five Emol'lient, Qninque herba emol-
h'en'tes,  were,  anciently, beet,  mallow, marsh-
mallow, French mercury, and violet.
  HERCULES ALLHEAL, Pastinaca opoponax.
  HERCULES MORBUS, Epilepsy.
  HEREDITAIRE, Hereditary.
  UEKED'IT ARY,rJaredita'riue,Heredita'rius,
Geutil.it"'ius, Sym'phytoe, Syilgenee,  (¥.) HSrSdi-
taire, from harie, haredie,  'an heir.'  An epithet
given to diseases, communicated  from progeni-
tors.  Such diseases  may exist at birth ; or they
may supervene at a more or less advanced period
of existence.   Hereditary dieeasea, Morbi heredi-
ta'rii,  (¥.) Maladiee hSrSditairee, often prevail
amongst several members  of  a  family, or are
family  dieeaeee or eomplainte.
  REWAPUROVE'lTY,Hermaphrodia'ia,Her-
maphroditie'mite, Hermaphrodis'mue, Fab'rica an-
droy"yna, Androgytlia,  Gynan''dria, Hermaph'-
rodiem,  Hermoph'roditiam ; from  'E/)/»ijj ' Mer-
cury,' and  AtppoStrn, ' Venus.'  Appertaining to
Mercury and Venus.  Union of the two sexes in
the same individual.
  HERMAPHRODISIA, Hermaphrodeity.
  HERMAPH'RODITE.   Same etymon.  Her-
mtiphrodltu8,Gy'nida,Androg"ynua, (Sc) Scarcht,
(Prov.)  Scrat.  One who possesses the attributes
of male and female: who unites  in  himself the
two sexes.   A term, applied to an animal or plant
which is, at the same time, both male and female.
True hermaphrodites  are only met  with  in  the
lower degrees of the  animal scale, amongst  the
zoophytes,  mollusea, or gasteropoda.   The indi-
viduals of the human species, regarded as herma-
phrodites, owe this appearance to a  vicious con-
formation of the genital organs; a kind of mon-
strosity, which renders them unfit for generation,
although an attentive  examination may exhibit
the true sex.   Hermaphrodites have, likewise,
been  described, which, instead of 'uniting  the
attributes of both  sexes, cannot  be considered
male or female.  These have been  called neutral
hermaphroditea.
  HERMAPHRODITISMUS, Hermaphrodeity.
  HERMAPIIRODITUS, Hermaphrodite.
  HERMET'ICA  DOCTRI'NA, Hermetica are,
(¥.) HermStique.   The  doctrine  of  Hermes,  a
celebrated  Egyptian' philosopher, who is con-
sidered  the father of alchemy.   That part of
chymistry,  whose object was the pretended trans-
mutation of the metals.
  HERMODAC'TYLUS,.Dr»cr;/Ze'f«s, An'ima ar-
ticulo'rum,  from 'Epuns, ' Mercury/ and oaK-rvXos,
' a  finger;'  or rather  from Hermue,  a river in
Asia, upon whose banks it  grows, and 6oktvXos,
' a date ;' or from 'Kppns, ' Mercury/ and cuktvXos,
'a date;' (F.) Hermodactyle, Hermodacte ou Her-
modute.  The root of  the Hermodactyl was for-
merly used  as a  cathartic  By some, it is  sup-
posed to  be identical with the   Irie tubero'sa.
The best testimony seems to be in favour  of its
being a variety of the colchicum.— Colchicum
Illyr'icum.   Under the name Hermodactyls, roots
or bulbs of an unknown plant, growing in  the
countries  about  the  eastern  extremity of  the
Mediterranean, are sold in the shops of Europe.
  HERMODA TE, Hermodactylus.
  IIERMOPH'ILUS,  from 'Eppns,   'Mercury/
and tptXos, 'a lover.'  One who is fond of mercury
as a medicine.
  HER'NIA,  Ramex, Ruptu'ra,  R.  hernio'sa,
Crepattlra, Ectop'ia  hernio'sa,  Ctle, Rupture,
Buret, (¥.)  Hargne, Descente,  Effort, Grcveure,
Rompeure.   From tpvos, 'ashoot' [?]. Any tumour,
formed by the displacement of a viscus or a por-
tion of a viscus, which has  escaped  from its na-
tural cavity by some aperture, and  projects exter-
nally.   Herniae have been divided into,—1. Her-
nia of the Brain; Encephalocele; 2. Hernia of
the Thorax; Pneumocele; 3. Hernia of  the Ab-
domen.
  Abdom'inal Hernia  are remarkable for their
frequency,  variety, and  the  danger attending
them.   They are produced  by the protrusion of
the viscera, contained  in  the  abdomen, through
the natural  or accidental apertures in the parietes
of that cavity.   The  organs, which  form them
most frequently, are the intestines and  the epi-
ploon.  These herniae have been divided, accord-
ing to the apertures by which they escape, into:
  1. Iilguinal or Snpra-Pu'bian Hernia.  These
issue by the inguinal canal: they are called Bu-
bonoce'le, when  small; and Scrotal Hernia or
Oecheoce'le, in man, when they descend into the
scrotum : — Vulvar Hernia or Puden'dal or La'-
bial Hernia, Epieioce'le,  in women,  when  they
extend  to the labia majora.  2. Crural or Fem'-
oral Hernia, Me'roce'le, when they issue  by the 
HERNIA                 45 9                UERNlE'
crural canal.  3.  Infra-Pilbian  Hernia, (¥.) Her-
Itie eous-pnbienne, Oodeoce'le, Opeoce'le, Opodeo-
ce le. Her' inn foram'inis ova'lis, when the viscera
escape through the opening, which gives passage
to the infra-pubian vessels.  4. Ischialic Hernia;
when it takes  place through  the  sncro-sciatic
notch.  5. Umbilical Hernia, Exom'phaloa, Om-
phaloce'le; when it  occurs at  the  umbilicus or
near  it.   6.  Epigastric  Hernia; — occurring
through the linea alba, above the umbilicus.  7.
Ht/pogaetric or Infra-umbilical Hernia,  Coelio-
ee'lc,  Hypogastroce'le, — when it occurs through
the linea alba below the umbilicus.-  8. Perine'ul
Hernia.Meaascdm-e'le, Her'nia perina'i, Perinao-
ce'le,  Perineoce'le— when  it takes place through
the levator ani, and appears at  the perineum.  9.
 Vog"iital  Hernia,  Coleoce'le  seu  Elt/troce'le —
through the parieties of the vagina,'  10. Dia-
phragmat'ic Hernia, Diaphragmatoce'le; when it
passes through the diaphragm.
   Hernias  are likewise distinguished,—according
to the viscera forming them, — into Enteroce'le,
Epiploce'le, En'tero-epiploce'le,  Gaatroce'le, Cya-
toce'le,  Hepatoce'le, Splenoee'le, <fcc.
   When a hernia  can be  restored  to its natural
cavity,  by the  aid of pressure, &c, properly ap-
plied, it is said to be reducible.  It is, on the con-
trary, irreducible, when  adhesion, bulk, <fec, op-
pose its return.   When  the aperture, which has
given passage to the hernia, occasions more or
less constriction on  the protruded  portion, the
hernia is said to be incar'cerated or atrun'gulated ;
and, if  the constriction be not removed, consti-
pation,  hiccough, vomiting, and all  the signs of
violent inflammation, followed  by gangrene, su-
pervene, with  alteration of  the  features, small
pulse, cold extremities, and death.
   The  therapeutical indications are, — 1. Ae re-
garde reducible  hernia: —  to replace the  viscera
in the abdomen by the taxis; and to retain them
there by  the  use of a truee, which, if properly
adapted, may effect a  radical cure.   2. Aa regards
irreducible hernia:—to support the tumour by'
an appropriate  suspensory bandage.  3.  Ae re-
garde etrangulated hernia:—to have recourse to
tbe taxis ;  blood-letting;  warm  bath;  tobacco
glysters ; ice to the tumour ; and, if these  should
not succeed, to perform an  operation, which con-
sists in dividing  the covering of the hernia, and
cutting the aponeurotic ring, which causes the
Strangulation ; — reducing  the  displaced viscera,
unless  their diseased  condition  should require
them to be retained without;—dressing the wound
appropriately:—restoring the course of the faeces
by means of gentle glysters—preventing or com-
bating  inflammation of the abdominal viscera ;—
conducting the wound to cicatrization, by appro-
priate means ; and afterwards supporting the ci-
catrix by a bandage.
   The word hernia was also used, of old, for the
scrotum, and, not unfrequently, for the testicle.
   Hernia, Aneurismal, Cirsompbalus—h. Ar-
teriarum, see Aneurism—h. of the Bladder, Cys-
tocele—h.  Bronchialis, Bronchocele—h. Carnosa,
Sarcocele— h. of the  Cerebellum, Parencephal*-
0ele—h. Cerebri, Encephalocele.
   Hernia, Congen'ital, Hernia congen'ita, is a
protrusion of some of the contents of the abdomen
into the Tunica  vaginalie teetie, owing to  a want
of adhesion between  its sides,  after the descent
of the testicle.
   Hernia Corner, Ceratocele — h. Crural, Me-
rocele — h. Epiploic, Epiploeele — h.  Femoral,
Merocele—b.  Foraminis  Ovalis,  see  Hernia —
h.  Gutturis, Bronchocele — h. Hepatica,  Hepa-
tocele.
   Hernia  Humora'lis, Empree'ma  Orchi tie, Ui-
dymi'tia, Orchi'tie, Orchidltie, Inflamma'tio tee'-
tium,  Iiiflamma'tion of the  Tee'ticle, SwelCed Tea-
tide, Hernia  Ven'eria, Orchioce'le, OrdiidocelS,
Orchidoilcue, (F.) Inflammation du testicule, Or-
chite. Swelling and inflammation of the testicle is
a common sympton of gonorrhoea, (¥,)Chaiidcpisae
tombSe dana lea Bouraea; but  it may arise  from
external injuries, or from other causes.   It is a
disease which  cannot be mistaken, and the treat-
ment must obviously be strongly antiphlogistic,
supporting the testicle during  the treatment, and
for some  time afterwards :  methodical compres-
sion has also been found useful.  The disease is
not generally of a serious character, going off as
suddenly as it comes on.  As  it affects the epidi-
dymis more especially, when supervening on go-
norrhoea or blennorrhoea, it is sometimes termed
blenorrhag"ic epididymi'tia.
   Hernia Incarceuata,  Entero-peristole"—h.
Inguinalis, Bubonocele—h. Intestinalis,  Entero-
cele—h. Intestinalis omentalis, Entero-epiplocele
—- h. Iridis, Ptosis  Iridis — h. Ischiatica, Ischio-
cele—h. Lienalis, Splenocele.
   Heu'nia Litt'rica, H. e Dir.ertic'ulo Intesti'ni.
Hernia first described by Littre, in which the in-
testinal canal proper is not included in the hernial
sac, tho protruded portion of intestine consisting
of a digital prolongation of the ileum, which Littre
concluded was  formed by the gradual extension
of a knuckle of the bowel, that had been  engaged
in the inguinal canal.
   Hernia of  the Liver,  Hepatocele—h. of the
Lung, Pneumoeele.
   Hernia,  Mesocol'ic,   Her'nia  Mesoeo'lica.
Hernia, caused  by  the bowels  gliding  between
the layers of the mesocolon.—Sir A. Cooper.
   Hernia,Omental, Epiploeele-^-h. Parorchido-
enterica,  Parorchido-enterocele—h.  Perinaei,  see
Hernia—h. Pharyngis, Pharyngocele—h.  Phrenic,
Diaphragmatic hernia — h. Pinguedinosa Scroti,
Liparocele — h.  of  the  Pleura,  Pleurocele— h.
Pleuriea et pulmonalis, Pleurocele—h. Pudendal,
Pudendal hernia — h. Sacci lacrymalis,  Lachry-
mal hernia, Mucocele—h. Scrotalis,  Scrotocele—
h. Seminalis scroti, Spermatocele—h. of  the Sto-
mach, Gastrocele — h. Suprapubian, II.  inguinal
—h. of the Tongue, Glossocele — h. Umbilicalis,
Epiplomphalon, Exompbalos—h. Umbilici Aquo-
sa, Hydromphalum—h. Urachi, Uromphalus—h.
Uteri, Hysterocele — h. Varicose, Cirsoeele — h.
Varicosa,  Varicocele — h.  Venarum, Varix — h.
Veneris, Hernia hum oralis—h. Ventosa, Physo-
cele—h. Ventral, see Ventral—h. Ventriculi, Gas-
trocele—h. Vesicae Urinariae,  Cystocele—h. Zir-
balis, Epiploeele.
   HERNIAIRE, Hernial, Herniaria glabra.
   HER'NIAL, Hernia'rius, (¥.) Herniaire.  Be-
longing to, or concerning  hernia:—as  Hernial
Bandage, Hernial Sac, &c.
   The (F.) HerniS, is applied to a part enveloped
in a hernial sac.  (F.) Hernieux, Cele'ta,  Celo'tce,
Rup'tnred, Burst, Bursten, means one  affected
with  hernia; and  Chirurgien  herniaire,  one who
devotes himself to the treatment of hernia.
   HERNIA'RIA  GLABRA,  H. vulga'ris  seu
hirsu'ta seu alpes'tris seu an'nua seu cine''rea seu
frutico'sa, Milligra'na,   Em'petrum,  Rupture-
wort, from  hernia,  ' rupture.'  (F.) Herniaire,
Turqnette, Herniole, Herbe  Turque.   Ord. Paro-
nycbieao.  This plant, which as its name  imports,
was formerly considered efficacious  in the cure
of hernia, seems destitute of all virtues.
   HERNIARIUS,  Hernial.
   HERNIE CHARNUE, Sarcocele—h. de VEpi-
ploon, Epiploeele — h. de I'Eatomac, Gastrocele—
h. du Foie, Hepatocele—h. Inguinale, Bubonocele
— h.  du Nombril, Exompbalos — h. Ombilicale,
Exomphalos—h. du  Poumon, Pneuinocsle—h. de
la Veesie, Cystocele.
   HERNlft, Hernial. 
HERNIEMPHRAGMUS       460         HETEROPROSOPUS
  HERNIEMPHRAG'MUS,  Herniemphrux'ie,
from hernia, and tpippaypos, 'obstruction.'  The
mechanical obstruction of a hernial canal for the
radical cure of the hernia
  HERNIEUX, Hernial.
  HERNIOLE, Herniaria glabra.
  HERNIOTOMY, Celotomia.
  HERO'IC, Hero'icua, Hero'iua,  Hero'ue, from
'tpots, 'a  hero.'  An  epithet applied to remedies
or practice of a violent character.
  HERPEDON, Herpes.
  HER PEN, Herpes.
  HERPES, Erpee,  Herpe'don, Herpen, Serpene,
from  'tpiru, ' I  creep;'   because  it creeps and
spreads about  the skin ; Ecphly'eie Herpee,  Cy-
tie'ma  Herpee,  Tetter,  Fret,  (¥.) Dartre,  Olo-
phlyctide.  A vesicular disease, which, in most
of its forms, passes  through a regular course of
increase, maturation, decline, and termination, in
from 10  to  14 days. The vesicles arise in dis-
tinct, but irregular clusters, which commonly ap-
pear in quick  succession, and near together, on
an inflamed base ; generally attended with* heat,
pain, and  considerable  constitutional disorder.
The term, like aa others which refer to cutaneous
diseases, has not been  accurately defined.  The
ancients  had three  varieties : the miliary, Kty-
Xpiaios;  veeicular,   tpXvKraivtaons,  and ero'ding,
ta&ioptvos.  Bateman has the following varieties:
1. Herpes Phlyct^f.nodes, Herpee milia'rie, Ec-
phly'eie  Herpee Milia'rie,  Nirlee,  (¥.)  Dartre
phlyctenoide, in which  the vesicles are millet-
sized ;  pellucid; clusters commencing on an  un-
certain part of the body, and being progressively
strewed over the rest of the surface; succeeded
by fresh  crops.  2. Herpes Zoster, Zoster, Zona
ig'nea seu aerpigino'sa, Ignie Per'eicue, Cinzilla,
Cin'gulum, Sacer ignie, Ecphly'eie Herpee zoeter,
Herpee perie'celie, Eryeip'elae  zoeter seu phlycia-
no'i'dea seu puatulo'aa, Zona, Cir'cinue, Perizo'ma,
(¥.) Ceinture, C. dartreuee, Feu Pereique, Ery-
riplle  pustuleux,  Shinglee, (Prov.) Crude,  in
which  the vesicles are  pearl-sized; the clusters
spreading round the  body like a girdle; at times
confluent, and occasionally preceded by constitu-
tional irritation. 3. Herpes Circina'tus, Formi-
ca ambulato'ria, An'nulue re'pens,  Herpee Serpi'-
go,  Serpigo, Ecphly'eie Herpee Circina'tue, Ring-
worm,  Veeic'ular Ringworm, consisting of vesi-
cles with a  reddish  base, uniting in rings;  the
area of  the  rings  slightly  discoloured,  often
followed  by fresh crops.   4. Herpes Labia'lis,
and 5.  Herpes Pr>eputia'lis, Aphtha prapu'tii,
Ulcue'cula prapu'tii, appearing, respectively, on
the lips and prepuce.  6. Herpes Iris, Iris, Rain-
bow-worm,  occurring in  small circular patches,
each of which is composed of concentric rings of
different  colours.  To these may be added, Her-
pes Ex'edens, H. eethiom'enua seu depaacena seu
feme seu eetiom'enus sen fierox, Ecphly'eie Herpes
ex'edena, Darta excoriatlva seu  malig'na, Lupite
non exedene, Formica corroei'va, Formix, Pap'ula
fera, Ul'cerative%Ringworm, A'gria, (¥.) Dartre
rongeante, in which the vesicles are hard ; clusters
thronged;  fluid dense,  yellow or reddish,  hot,
acrid, corroding the  subjacent skin, and  spread-
ing in serpentine trails.
  All the varieties  demand simply an antiphlo-
gistic treatment, when attended with febrile irri-
tation.   The herpee circinatue,  alone, requires
the use of astringent applications which have the
power of repressing  the eruption.
  Herpes Depascens,  H. exedens — h. Esthio-
menus, H.  exedens—h. Estiomenus, H. exedens
—h. Farinosus, Pityriasis—h.  Ferox, H. exedens
—h. Ferus,  H. exedens—h. Furfuraceus, Pityri-
asis— h.  Furfuraceus circinatus,  Lepra, H. exe-
dens — h. Miliaris, H. phlyctaenoides — h. Peris-
| celis,  H. zoster — h. Serpigo, H. circinatus — h.
 Tonsurans, Porrigo decalvans.
   HERPET'IC,  Herpelicue,  (¥.)  HerpStiquc,
 Dartreux.  Possessing the nature of herpes.
   HERPETOG'RAPHY, Herpetugraph'ia, from
 'tpnns, 'herpes/and ypa<pn, 'adescription.'" A de-
 scription of the different forms of herpes, as Her-
 petology, Hcrpetolog"ia, is a treatise on the same,
 and also on reptiles, from 'tptttrov, ' a reptile.'
   HER'PETON,  Xerpet'icon,  from 'tpirttv,  'to
 creep.'   A creeping eruption or ulcer. — Hippo-
 crates.
   HERPYLOS, Thymus serpyllura.
   HERRENSCWHAND'S  SPECIFIC, see Spe-
 cific of Herrenschwaud.
   HERRIN. Urine.
   HERSKET, Ardor ventriculi.
   HESPERIS ALLIARIA, Alliaria.
   HETERADELPH'IA, Heterodidynlia, Hetero-
 dym'ia,  from 'trtpos,  'other/ and aitXipos,  'a
 brother.'  A  double monstrosity,  in  which  the
 components of the double bodies are very unequal,
 and of which one portion may be regarded as the
 stem or trunk, to which another organized part,
 or even a whole body, less developed than itself,
 is affixed like a parasite.
   HETERADEN'IC, Heteraden'icus,  (¥.) HStS-
 radSnique, from 'trtpos, 'other/ and aSnv, 'a gland.'
 An accidental tissue is so termed, which has a
 glandular structure, but occurs in parts devoid of
 glands.
   HETEROCHRON'ICUS, Heteroch'ronue, from
 'trtpos, and xpovos, ' time.'  Relating to difference
 of time.
   Puleus heterochron'icue.   A pulse of varying
 rhythm.   An irregular or intermittent  pulse.
   HETEROCHYMEU'SIS,  from  'trtpos,  and
 %vptvots, 'mixture'  A  state  of the blood  in
 which it contains other matters than  in  health,
 as urea, bile,  &c.
   HETEROCLITE, see Homology, and Tissuesi
   HETEROCRANIA,  Hemicrania.
■  HETEROCRINE,  from 'trtpos,  and eptvie, 'I
 separate.'  Modification in the situation of secre-
 tions.—Andral.
   HETERODIDYMIA, Heteradelphia,
   HETERODYMIA, Heteradelphia.
   HETEROGENESIS,  see Generation.  Also,
 any anomaly in  organic formation.
   HETEROLALIA, Heterophonia.
   HETEROLOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues.
   HETEROMORPH'ISM,   Hcteromorphie'mue,
 from  'trtpos,  and  popepn,  'shape.'  A  deviation
 from the natural shape of parts.
   HETEROMORPHOUS, see Homology.
   HETEROPA'GIA ; from 'trtpos, and irayto, ' I
 unite  together.'   A double monstrosity, in which
 the accessory subject,  which is very  small and
 imperfect, but provided with a distinct head, and
 at least rudimental lower limbs, has its body im-
 planted on tbe anterior surface of the body of the
 principal subject.
   HETEROPATIIIC, Allopathic
   HETEROPHO'NIA,  from  'trrpof,   and tpwvV,
 ♦voice.'  A cracked  or broken voice.   A  change
 of the voice or speech—Heterola'lia.
   HETEROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'trtpos,  and
 oipSaXuos, 'eye.'  A difference in tbe two eyes,—
 as when  one  squints, or is of a different colour.
   HETEROPLASM'US, from 'trtpos, and irXaepa,
 ' formation.'  A morbid formation foieign to tho
 economy, and which is  composed of elements
 different from those that are found in it in  the
 normal condition.
   HETEROPLAS'TY,  Heteroplas'tice,  Hetero-
ipla'eia, from  'trtpos, and irXaootit, 'I form.'  Irre-
 gular plastic  or formative actions or operations,
 that do not admit of exact classification.
   HETEROPROSO'PUS, from 'trtpos, and  »po- 
nETEROPUS
4ol   HIERA  DIACOLOCYMHIDOS
ewirovy 'countenance.'  A monster  having two
faces.—Gurlt.
  HET'EROPUS, from 'trtpos, and irovs, 'foot.'
One who has one foot different from  the other.
  HETEROREXIA, Malacia.
  HETERORRHYTH'MUS,  from  'trtpos, and
pvdpos, ' rhythm.'  Having another rhythm,  An
epithet given to the pulse, when it is such, in any
individual, as is  usually felt  at a different age.
  HETEROSARCO'SES, from 'trtpos, and oapl
'flesh.'   A class  of diseases which consist in the
formation of accidental tissues.—Gendrin.
  HETEROTAX'IA, (F.) HSterotaxie, from 'trt-
pos, and rafij,  ' order.'  A  malformation, which
consists in the general transposition of organs.
A change in the relation  of organs.
  HETEROTOP'IA, (F.) Heterotopic, from '.n-
pos, and tottos,  ' place.'  A  deviation from the
natural position  of parts.
  HEl'RE, Fagus sylvatica.
  HEUCHERA, see H.  cortusa —h. Acerifolia,
H.  cortusa.
  Heuche'ra Cortu'sa, H. America'na seu Ace-
rifo'lia seu Vie'cida, Cortu'ea America'na, Ahmt
 Root, Amer'ican San'icle, Ground-maple,  Cliff-
weed, Split-rock.  Ord. Saxifragaceae.   The root
—Heuchera (Ph. U. S.)—is a powerful astringent,
and is the basis  of a cancer powder.  The Ameri-
 can Indians apply the powdered root to wounds,
 ulcers, and cancers.  It is said to have been sold
 for colclii'-um.
   Heuchera  Richardso'nii, which abounds on
 the rocks of Churchill River, is used medicinally
 by the Cree Indians, who   chew its astringent
 root, and apply it as a vulnerary to wounds and
 sores.
   Heuchera Viscida, H. cortusa.
   HEUCK-BAXE, Ischion.
   HEUDELOTIA AFRICANA, see Bdellium.
   HEUKS, Singultus.
   HEVEA GUIANENSIS, see Caoutchouc
   HEXAGIUM, Sextula.#
   HEXAGONE ARTERIELLE,  see  Circulus
 Willisii.
   HEXATHYRIDIUMVENARUM, see Worms.
   HEXIS, 'tlis.   Habit, habit of body,  constitu-
 tion.  Hence, hectic, cachectic, &c.
   HEYLE. Sanitas.
   HIA   TSAO   TONG  TCHONG,  Sphaeria
 Sinensis.
   HIA'TUS, from Mare, hiatnm, 'to gape,'  'to
 open.'  A foramen or  aperture.   Mouth.  The
 vulva.   Also, yawning.
   Hiatus  Canalis Fallopii,  see Aquaeductus
 Fallopii.                                . . ,
   Hiatus Diaphrag'matis  Aor'ticus,  Semicxr -
 culue execulp'tua.  The opening in the diaphragm
 for the passage  of the abdominal aorta.
   Hiatus Fallopii, see Aquaeductus Fallopii —
 h.  Occipito pStreux, Lacerum posterius foramen
 —h. SphSno-pStreux, Lacerum anterius foramen.
    Hiatus  op  Winslow,   Fora'men Wmslovn,
 Fora'men of  Winslow.  An opening —situate
 behind the lesser omentum, and behind the ves-
 sels and nerves of the liver-which forms a com-
 munication  between  the  peritoneal cavity  and
 that of the omenta.                         .
    HIBER'NICUS LAPIS, Teg'ula seu Arde eia
 Hiber'nica, Harde'eia,  Irish Slate. -A kind of
 slate or very hard stone, found in  different parts
 of Ireland, in  masses of a bluish-black colour,
 which stains  the hands.   It "has been  taken,
 powdered, .in  spruce-beer,  against inward con-
 tusions.
    HIBISCUS,  Althaea.
    Hibis'cus  Abelmos'chus, Abelmoschus mos-
 cha'tus.   Ord.  Malvaceae.   The  name  of the
 plant,  whose seeds are called  Grana Moschi or
Muskseed.  It is the Belmus'chus, Abclmoa'chua,
Granum  Moechi, Ket'mia  JEgyptiaca,  Moschue
Ar'abum, ^Egyp'tia  moscha'ta, Bamix moecha'ta,
Alcea, A. Ind'ica seu jEgyptiaca Villo'ea, Abel-
moech, Abelmusk, Muskmallow,  (¥.)  Graine de
Muse, Herbe  & la poudre  de Chypre, Ambrette,
Guimaitve veloutSe.   It is  indigenous in Egypt
and  the  Indies.  The seeds  are  chiefly  used as
perfumes;  and  especially  in the formation of
Cyprue Powder.
   Hibiscus Esculen'tus, Okra, Okro, Gombo.
A plant,  the green pods of which abound in mu-
cilage, and are much used in the  West Indies for
soups.
   Hibis'cus  Popule'us, Balimba'go.  A  small
Molucca tree.  Tbe fruit is full of a juice similar
to camboge.  The root is emetic  It is used in
chronic diarrhoea, colic, dyspepsia, Ac
   IIIBRIDA, Hybrid.
   HICCOUGH,  Singultus.
   HICCUP, Singultus.
   HICK'ORY.  The name of several American
trees of  the genus  Carya;  Order, Juglandaceae.
The leaves are usually aromatic;  and are reputed
to be antispasmodic [?]. The bark of those species
that  have  bitter nuts, as Carya  ama'ra and  C.
porci'na,is somewhat astringent.  Some of them
bear  fruit that is much esteemed, as Carya oliva-
fiormie, Pecan'  or Peccan' nut,  and  C. eulca'ta,
Sh el/bark.
   HIDDEN  SEIZURES.  An  expression em-
ployed by Dr. Marshall Hall for obscure ence-
phalic and spinal  attacks, of an epileptoid cha-
racter for  example, which  may  be immediately
owing to trachelismus.
   HIDE-BOUND,  Induration   of  the cellular
tlSSU6.
   HIDRISCHESIS, Hidroschesis.
   HIDROA, Desudatio, Echauboultires,  Hydroa,
Sudamina.
   HIDRON'OSUS, Hidronu'aiia, from 'tSpus,
' sweat,'  and vooos, ' a disease.'  A disease accom-
panied by violent sweats.  Sudor Anglicus.
   HIDRONUSUS, Hidronosus.
   HIDROPEDESIS, Ephidrosis.
   HIDROP1IOROS, Sudoriferous.
   HIDROPOETICUM, Sudorific.
   HIDROPYRA, Sudor Anglicus.
   HIDROPYB.ETOS, Sudor Anglicus.
   HIDRORRHffiA, Ephidrosis.
   HlDR0S,'tr5pii>s, 'topwros, Sudor, 'sweat.' Hence
—Hidropyra, Hidroeie, Ac
   HIDROS'CIIESIS, Hidrie'cheaie, Reten'tio 6»-
 do'ri8, from hidroa, and octets, 'retention.'  Sup-
 pression of perspiration.
   HIDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
   HIDROTERlOX, Achicolum.
   HIDROTERIUM, Sudorific.
   HIDROTICUM, Sudorific
   HIDRO'TIUM,  Diminutive  of  hidroa.   A
 gentle sweat or  perspiration.
   HIDROT0PC3UM, Sudorific.
   HIE RLE, Sambucus ebulus. ,
   HI'ERA DIACOLOCYX'THIDOS, from 'tepos,
 'holy.'  Hieraof Colocynth.  An electuary, com-
 posed of 10  parts  of colocynth, as much agaric,
 germander, white  horehound, eta;cha8: — 5  parts
 of opoponax, as much eagapenum, pareley, round
 birthwort root,  and white pepper: — 4  parts of
 apikenard, cinnamon, myrrh, and eaffron ; and 3
 pounds, 3 ounces, and 5 drachms of honey.
   Hiera op Colocynth, H. Diacolocynthidos —
 h. Logadii, Hiera picra.
   Hiera Picra, from  'itpos, 'holy/ and iri/cpoj,
 ' bitter.'  Holy  bitter, Pulvie alo'elicue,  formerly
 called Hiera loga'dii when  made into an electu-
 ary with honey.  It is now kept in the form of
 dry powder;—prepared by mixing socorriue aloes, 
HIERACITES             46
  one pound, with 3 ounces of canella alba.   See |
  Pulvis aloes cum canella.
    Hirra Svrinx, Vertebral column, Epilepsy.
    HIERACI'TES, UtpaKtrns, from 'ttpa^, 'ui-ikos,
  'a hawk,' Lapie Acc.ip'itrum.   The ancient name
  of a precious  stone, believed to be capable of nr-
  rc-tiug  the hemorrhoidal  flux. — Pliny,  Galen,
  Paulus.
    HIl-lRACIUM LACIIENALII, H. murorum.
    Hie-ia'cium  Muro'rum,  H. Lacliena'lii,  Pul-
  ntona'ria  Gallica, Auric'ula  mil rie major,  (¥.)
  Epcrvilre dee muraillee, Puimomtire dee Francat'e.
  Or-'.  Compositae.  A European plant, which is a
  slight tonic.
    Hieracium Oleraceum, Sonehus oleraceus.
    Hieracium Pilosel'la.  The systematic name
  of the  Auric'ula Muris, Pilosel'la,  P.  Alplna,
  Myoso'tle, Mouse-ear, (¥.)  Piloselle,  Oreille de
  Sonris.   This plant contains a bitter, lactescent
  juice, which  has a slight degree of astringency.
  The roots are more powerful than the leaves.
     Hiera'cium Veno'sum, Rattlesnakeweed, Veiny
  Hawktceed, Bloodwort,  indigenous,  has  similar
  properties.
    HIERANOSUS, Chorea, Convulsion, Epilepsy.
    HIE RAX, Accipiter.
    . HIEltOBOTANE, Verbena officinalis.
    IIIEROGLYPH'ICA, from 'ttpos, 'holy/ and
  yXv^w, ' I carve'   A  name  given to the  signs
  employed in  medicine; and, also, to the  folds in
  the hands, feet, and forehead, which afford chi-
  ro;r.-iiicv its pretended oracles.
    JIIUROPYR, Erysipelas.
    HIKRY PIKRY, Pulvis aloes et Canellae.
    HILL'S BALSAM OF  HONEY, see  Balsam
  of Honey, Hill's—h. Essence of Bardana, Tinctura
  guaiacae.
    HILLBERRY,  Gaultheria.
    HILL  FEVER, see Fever, hill.
    HILON (¥.), Hilum, improperly Hilue,  'the
  blade spot on the top of a bean.'  A name given
  by  some  writers  to  a  small blackish tumour,
  formed by the protrusion of the  iris through an
• opening in the  transparent cornea, so called from
  its comparison  with the  hile or black mark pre-
  sented by the vicia faba at  one of its extremities.
  In  Botany, the Hile or Hilum is the cicatricula
  of a seed, which indicates the place by which  it
  .was attached in the cavity of the pericarp. It
  is the umbilicus of the seed.   The fissure of the
  spleen, kidney, lung, ovary, &c, is, also, called
  Hilns.  See Porta.
    HILUS, Hilon.
    Hilus Liena'lis, Incieu'ra liena'lie.  The con-
  cave part of  the spleen.
     Hilus  Rena'lis,  Incieu'ra  rena'lie, Hilue of
  the kidnei/.   The concave part of the kidney.
    HILW'ORT,  Mentha pulegium.
     HIMAXTOMA, see Himas.
     HIMAXTOSIS, Himas.
     HIMAS, Upas,  'tpavros,  'a thong of leather.'
  The uvula: likewise, elongation, and extenuation
  of the uvula.  It is also called Hima'nto'sie, Hi-
  manto'ma. See.Staphyloedema.
     HIMKROS,  Libido.
     HIX*1)BERRIES, see Rubus idaeus.
     HINDHEEL, Tanaeetum.
     HIP,  Haunch,  Hypochondriasis — h.  Bone,
  Ischium—h.  Disease, Coxarum morbus—h. Joint,
   Coxofemoral  articulation—h. Tree, Rosa canina.
     HIP'PACE.  'iriraKn, from  'iitttos, 'a horse.'
   Ca'setis Equlmis.  A cheese prepared from mare's
  milk.
     HIPPANTHRO'PIA, from Wo?, 'a horse/
  and avSpuiiros, ' a man.'  A variety of melancholy,
  in which  the patient believes himself changed to
  a horse.  The  Greek word 'nrirav^piaKos, means
  the fabulous  Centaur.
HIPPURIS  VULGARIS
   HIPPASIA, Equitation.
   HIPPED, Hypochondriac.
   HIPPE1A. Equitation.
   HIPPEUSIS, Equitation.
   HIPPIA'TER, Hippiatroe, Med'icue equa'riiie,
 from  'ittttos, 'a horse,' and 'larf-os. 'a physician.
 A farrier.   A  horse doctor.   I -ed also for  one
 who treats the diseases of other domestic animals;
 Veteritta'ritis, Mulomed'icue,  Med'icue I eterina'-
 rius, Zoid'true.
   HIPPIATRI'A,   Hippiat'rica,  Hijipiat'ricf,
 Medicina equa'ria, (F.) Hippitttriquc.  A science,
 whose object.is the knowledge  of the diseases of
 the horse.   It is sometimes made to include other
 domestic animals.   See Veterinary art.
   HIPPIATRIQUE,  Hippiatria.
 'HIPPIATRUS, Hippiater.
   HIPPO,  Ipecacuanha.  A corruption, in Ire-
 land, of  Ipecacuanha;  and  hence applied,  at
 times, in  the  United  States,  to  the  American
 plant, Euphorbia Corollata, which is, also, called
 Ipecacuanha.
   Hipro, Indian, Gillenia trifoliata.
%  HIPPOCAMPE  GRANDE, Cornu ammonis.
   HIPPOCAMPUS MAJOR, Cornu ammonis.
   Hippocam'pus Minor, Pee hippocam'pi minor,
 ('nriroKainTos, 'the  sea  borse.')   Unguis.  U. Ads
 seu Halleri, O'crea, Collie'ulue  ca'vca poaterin'ris
 ventriculo'rum  lateru'liitm, Calcar a'via, Uilciform
 Eui'inence, (F.) Ergot,  Eperon.  A medullary tu-
 bercle or  projection, observed  in  the posterior
 cornu of the lateral ventricle of the brain.
   HIPPOCEN'TAUREA CENTAURIUM, Chi-
 ronia centaurium.
   HIPPOCRAS, Claret.
   HIPPOCRATES. CAP OF, Bonnet d'Hippo-
 crate—h. Sleeve, Chaua8e.
   HIPPOCRAT'IC, Hip2>ocrat'iciis.  Relating to
 Hippocrates, or concerning his doctrine,—a» Hip-
 pocratic doctrine, Ilippocralic face, &c.
   HIPPOC'RATISM, Hippocratiam'ua. The doc-
 trine of Hippocrates, which consisted in observing
 and following nature, as  indicated by her pre-
 sumed efforts, and the crises set up by her.
   HIPPOC'RATIS'!.   A partisan of the Hippo-
 cratic doctrine.
   H1PP0G0NY0LEPUS, Crusta genu equinae. '
   HIPPOLAPATHUM, Rumex patienta.
   HIPPOLITHUS, Bezoard of the horse.
   HIPPOM'ANE  MANCINEL'LA,  ('<™>j, 'a
 horse,' and /invia,  'madness,'  'horse, or violent
 madness,')Manchineel, (¥.) Mancenillier. Family,
 Euphorbiaceae. Sex. Syat. Moncet-ia Monudelphia.
 A poisonous  tree  of  South  America, with the
 milky juice- of which  the Indians poison their
 arrows.   The fruit, also, is highly poisonous.
   HIPPOMARATHRUM, Peucedanum silaus.
   IIIP P 0 P A T H 0 L' 0 G Y, Hippopathol»g"ia,
 from 'imros, ' a horse/ iraSos, ' a disease/ and Xoyos,
 ' a discourse.'  The  science  of the  diseases of
 the horse.  Pathology of the horse.
   IIIPPOPHAGOUS, Equivorous.
   HIPPOPUS, see Kyllosis.
   HIPPOS, Equus.
   HIPPOSELINUM, Smyrnium olusatrum.
   HIPPOSTEOL'OGY,  Hippoateoloif'ia, from
 'ittttos,  'a horse/ oortov, 'a bone,' and Xoyos, 'a
 discourse.'  Osteology of the borse.
   HIPPOT'OMY,  Hippotom'ia, from  'itttos, 'a
 horse/ and rtpvtiv, 'to cut.'   Anatomy of  tho
 horse.
   HIPPU'RIA, from Woj, 'a horse,' and ovpov.
 'urine/ because the urine contains hippuric ucia,
 which is found in the urine of the horse.  A pa-
 thological condition, in which  there is an excess
 of hippuric acid in the urine.
   HIPPURIC ACID, see Acid, hippuric.
   HIPPURIS  VULGA'RIS,   from   Woj,   a 
HIPPUS                463                 HOLLY
horse,' and ovpa, 'a tail.'   The systematic name
of the Horee's Tail, Mare'e Tail, Equtee'tum mi-
nue, Equiee'tum, (P.) Prele, Preele, AeprSle, Queue
de  cheval.  It is an astringent,  and frequently
used, as tea, by the vulgar, in diarrhoea and he-
morrhage.  The same virtues  are  attributed to
the Eqiiiae'tum arven'ae, fiitviat'ile, limo'eum, &c.
  HIPPUS,  Equus,  Nicta'tio,  from  'iiriros,  'a
horse.'  A disease  of the eyes,  in  which, from
birth, they perpetually twinkle,  like those of a
man on horseback. [?] Also, a tremulous condition
of the iris, which occasions repeated alternations
of contraction and dilatation of  the pupil; Iri-
dot'romii8, Iridodone'aia,  Iridopld'nia,  Tremor
I'ridia.
  HIPS, Sax. heopa.  The fruit  of the dog-rose,
Rosa cani'na: chiefly used as a confection.  See
Confectio Rosae Caninae.
  HIRCIS'MUS,  Hircue, Ilirquns,  from hircue,
'a goat.'  Stinking like a goat: — applied espe-
cially to the odour  of the secretions of the axilla.
  HIRCUS, Canthus (greater), Hircismus, Tra-
gus—h. Alarum, Cinabra.
  HIRPLING, Claudication.
  HIRQUITAL'ITAS.from hircua,  'a goat/Po-
rapho'nia pit'berum. Goat's voice. See Egophony.
  HIRQUUS, Hircue, Canthus (greater), Hircis-
mus, Tragus.
   HIRSU'TIES, Das'yma, Das'ytes,  Tricho'ais,
Hirsu'ties, Hair'ineaa. Growth of hairs on extra-
neous parts, or, superfluous growth on parts; as
in cases of bearded women.—Good.   When con-
genital, it is termed Hireu'tiee adna'ta.
  HIRU'DO,   The Leech, Sanguisu'sa, Bdella:
from haurio, '  I draw out,' or from hareo, 'I stick.'
 [?]  In  medicine,  Hiru'do Medicina'lie, Bdella
Medicina'lia or Medic"inal Leech, (¥.) Sangatte,
is employed.   In  the United States, H.  dec'ora
is  used.  The leech  lives in  fresh water, and
feeds on  the  blood of animals,  which it sucks,
after having pierced the skin with its three sharp
teeth.-  This habit has been taken advantage of,
to produce local blood-letting.  In applying the
leech, the part must be wiped dry;  and if there
be  difficulty in making  it suck,  a little milk or
cfeam may be applied.   When  satiated, it will
 drop off, and  by applying a little salt or vinegar
to  its head it will  disgorge the  blood.  A good
English  leech will  take  about  half  an ounce of
blood, including that which flows by fomenting
 Che part subsequently.  The American takes less.
   Hirudo Artificialis,  Antlia  sanguisuga — h.
Decora, see Hirudo—h. Medicinalis, Hirudo.
   HIRUXDINARIA,  Asclepias vincetoxicum,
Lysimachia nummularia.
   HIRUN'DO, Chelidon, from harendo, 'stick-
ing;'  because it  sticks  its nests  against the
houses  [?].   The  Swallow.  The  nests  of" the
swallow  were once  employed  as  rubefacients,
 boiled in  vinegar.
   HISPANICUM  VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas.
   HISPIDITAS, Dystoechiasis,  Phalangosis.
   HISPIDULA, Antennaria dioicum.
   HISSING  RESPIRATION, see Rdle sibilant.
   HISTOLOGICAL, Histological.
   HISTIOLOGY, Histology.
   HISTOCHEMIA, see Chymistry.
   HISTOCHYMY, see Chymistry.
   HISTOCHEMISTRY, see Chymistry.
   IIISTODIAL'YSIS, from 'iotos, 'organic tex-
ture/and otaXvots, 'dissolution.'   A morbid dis-
solution of the tissues.
   HISTOGENET'IC,  Histogenet'icna,   'Tissue
making.'  Same etymon as the next. Relating, or
appertaining  to histogeuy or the formation, and
development  of the organic textures.
   Histogenetic  Elements op  Nutrition, see
Plastic Element.
  HISTCG"ENY,  Hiatogen'ia,   Hietogen'eeis,
Tieaite formation, from 'iotos,  'the  organic tex-
ture/ and ytvtou,  'generation.'   The formation
and development of the organic textures.
  HISTOLOGIA, Histology.
  HIfsTOLOG"ICAL,  Hiatalog"icua, IIiati,dog".
ical, Histio/og"'•.cue.  Same  etymon as the next.
Relating to histology.  Applied, also, at times,
to the natural transformations that occur in the
tissues  in  the  embryo,  in  contradistinction to
morphological, which applies to the alterations in
the form of the several parts of the embrvo.
  lilSTOL'OG\\ Histolog"ia, Histiology, Ilie-
tiolog"ia, from  'iotos, 'the organic  texture,'  and
Xoyos, 'a description.   Anatomy  (general).   The
tend is,  also,  more particularly  appropriated to
the minute  anatomy of  the tissues.  See Ana-
tomy.
  Patholog"ical Histology, Microscop'ic patho-
loif'ical Anat'omy, is the morbid anatomy of the
tissues.
  HISTOL'YSIS, from 'iotos, 'the organic  tex-
ture,' and Xvois, 'solution.'  The decay  and dis-
solution of the  organic tissues, and of the blood.
It includes the  various forms of retrograde meta-
morphosis and  degeneration.
  HISTO.N'OMYT,  Histonom'ia, from 'iotos,  'the
organic texture,' and vopos, 'law.'  The aggregate
of laws, which  preside over the formation  and
arrangement of the organic tissues.
  HIS'TORY, MED'ICAL, Histo'ria Medici'na.
A narration of the  chief circumstances, and the
persons connected  with them, in the progress of
medicine.
  HIST'OS, 'iotos, 'a web or tissue,' 'the organi<
texture;' Textu'ra sen Tela organ'ica.
  HISTOT'OMY,  Histotom'ia, from 'iotos,  'or-
ganic texture,' and  ropn> 'incision.'  Dissection
of the tissues.
  HIVE, Hives.
  Hive Syrup, Syrupus  scillae compositus.
  HIVES, Cynanche trachealis, Urticaria, Vari-
cella.  In Scotland, according to Dr. Jameson,
Hives or Hyvee means  any eruption of the skin,
proceeding from an internal cause; and, in Lo-
thian, it is used to denote both the red and the
yellow gum.   In the United States, it is vaguely
employed: most frequently, perhaps, for Urti-
caria.
   Hives, Bold, Cynanche  trachealis, Urticaria
—h. Eating, Rupia escharotica.
   HOARSENESS, Raucedo.
   HOAST, Tussis.
   HOBBIL, Idiot.
   HOB-NAIL  LIVER,  Cirrhosis  of the liver,
Liver, nutmeg.
   HOC, Alcea rosea.
   HOCK, Poples.
   HOCKS, Alcea rosea.
   HOD, Crick  in the neck.
   HOFF, Poples.
   HOG-LICE, Onisei aselli.
   IIOGWORT, Heptallon graveolens.
   HOIST, Tussis.
   HOLAXEXCEPIIA'LIA, from 'oXos, 'entire,'
and anencephalia,  'absence  of  brain.'   Entire
absence of brain,—the same as Anencephalia.—
I. G. St. Hilaire.
   HOLARTHRITIS, Hamarthritis.
   HOLCE, 'oXen.  A drachm.—Galen.
   HOL'CIMOS, 'oXKtpos,  from 'oXKn, 'a weight.'
A tumour of the liver.
   HOLCUS SORGHUM, Panicum Italicum.
   HOLENE, Ilex aquifolium.
   HOLERA, Cholera.
   HOLES, BURNT, Rupia escharotica.
   HOLLANDS, Gin.
   HOLLEN, Ilex aquifolium.
   HOLLY,  AMERICAN, Ilex opaca —h. Com-
mon, Ilex aquifolium—h. Dahron, Ilex vomitori* 
HOLLYHOCK             464         HONEYCOMB  BAG
-h. Ground, Pyrola maculata, Pyrola umhellata
—U. Sea, Ervngium  maritimum.
  HOLLYHOCK,  COMMON, Alcea rosea.
  HOLMES WEED, Scrophularia nodosa.
  HOLMICOS, Alveolus.
  HOLMOS, Mortar.
  HOLOCYROX,  Teucrium chamaepitys.
  HOLOGAXGLIITIS, Cholera.
  HOLONARCO'SIS, from 'oAoj, 'whole/ and
vapKotais, 'stupor.'   Narcosis of the whole body.
Turpi fac'tio unicereillie.
  HOLOPHLYCTIDES, Phlyctaena.
  HOLOSTEUM  ALSINE, Alsine media.
  HOLOSTEUS, Osteocolla.
  HOLOTETAXUS, see Tetanus.
  HOLOTONIA, Holotonicus, Tetanus.
  HOLOTOX'ICUS, 'oXos, 'the whole,' and rtivta,
'I stretch.' Holoton'ia.  A spasm of the whole
body ;—a variety of tetanus.—Sauvages.
  HOLY'N, Ilex aquifolium.
  HOL'YWELL,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
Holywell is a town in Wales, and takes  its name
from the famous well of  St. Winifred.   It is a
simple cold water, remarkable  for its purity.
  HOMAGRA, Omagra.
  HOMEOPATHY, Homoeopathy.
  HOMERDA, Stercus humanum.
  HOME'RIA COLLI'XA, Cape Tulip.  A poi-
sonous  South African plant,  Nat. Ord. Irideae,
the bulb of which  acts as a violent acro-narcotic,
producing fatal results very speedily.
  HOMESICKXESS, Nostalgia.
  HOMICI'D AL, Truculen'tue, Feme, from homo,
•man,' and cado, 'I kill.'  Pertaining or relating
to homicide or the killing of man.
  Homicidal Insan'ity, Homicidal Monoma'nia,
(F.)  Monomanic  homicide.  Insanity,  with  an
irresistible impulse to destroy life.
  HOMILIA, Coition.
  HOM'INY.  A word of Indian  derivation.
Maize or Indian corn hulled and coarsely broken.
It is prepared for food by being mixed with water
and boiled.
  Hominy, Wheaten, see Groats.
  HOMIOSIS, Homoiosis.
  HOMME, Homo.
  HOMO, (F.) Homme, Man,—the chief and most
perfect  of  the  mammalia; in Greek,  av&ponros,
Anthro'pos, from  ava, 'upwards,' and rpttrta, ' I
turn;' because man, alone, of all animals, pos-
sesses the natural power of standing erect.   He
is, also, the  only animal whose incisor teeth,
wedged in a  projecting jaw, are absolutely verr
tical. Man is especially distinguished from other
mammalia by the faculty, which  he possesses, of
classing  his ideas; comparing them with each
other;  and connecting, representing, and trans-
mitting them by signs and articulate sounds.  He
possesses, in the highest degree, all the attributes
of intelligence,—memory, judgment, and imagi-
nation.   He inhabits all countries,— the burning
regions  of the torrid  zone, and  the chilling  at-
mosphere of the polar climes.   In different situa-
tions, he presents, in his  figure, colour, and sta-
ture, differences which have caused mankind to
be divided by naturalists into races or  varieties.
The number of such races  can only be approxi-
mated.  Blumenbach  admits five, the Caucasian,
Ethiopian, Mongolian, Malay,  and American.
Every division must necessarily be arbitrary, and
the individuals composing  each  variety are  far
from being alike.
  Homo Alatus,  see Alatus.
  Homo Cauda'tus, 'Tailed man.'  A  fabulous,
tailed variety of the human species, 'incola orbis
antarctici/ admitted by Linnaeus, although he is
uncertain whether  to rank them  with men or
apes!
  Homo Fatccs,  Idiot.
  nOMOED'RUS, from  bpov,  'together/  and
'tSpa, 'seat.'  Having the same seat.  Morbi ho-
moeclri:—diseases that have the same seat.
  HOMCGOMORPHOUS, see Homology.
  HOMOEOPATH, Homoeopathist.
  HOMCSOPATH'IC, Homatopath'icue,  Homa-
op'athee.   Relating to homoeopathy.
  HOMCEOPATHIE, Homoeopathy.
  HOMOGOP'ATHIST,  Ho' mceopath,  Homoeo-
path'icue, Homceopathie'ta, Homozopathie' tee.  One
who believes in homoeopathy.
  HOMQSOP'ATHY, Homoeopathla,  Are honue-
opath'ica, Homoeop'athy, Huhn'emanniem, Dyna-
mop'athy, (¥') Homwopathie,   HomceothSrapeu-
tique, Homoeoaympathie, Doctrine homoro-organ-
ique, from  'opoios, 'like,' and  iraSos, 'affection.'
A fanciful doctrine, which maintains, that disor-
dered actions in the human  body are  to be cured
by  inducing other disordered  actions of a  like
kind, and this to be  accomplished by infinitesi-
mally small  doses, often  of  apparently inert
agents;  the decillionth  part of a grain of char-
coal, for example, is an authorized dose.  It has
also been called Glob'ulism.
  HOMC30SIS, Homoiosis.
  HOMCEOSYMPATHIE, Homoeopathy.
  HOMCEOTHERAPEUT1QUE,  Homoeo-
pathy..
  HOMC30Z'YGY, from 'opoios, 'like,'and $vyou,
'I join  together.'  (F.)  Soi-pour-soi.  The law
of association  of organs, by which  like parts ad-
here to like parts.—Serres.
  HOMOETHNIA, Sympathy.
  HOMOGENESIS, see Generation.
  HOMOIOPATHIA, Sympathy.
  HOMOIO'SIS,  Homozo'aia,  Homio'ais,  from
'opototo, 'I resemble/ 'I assimilate.'  An elabora-
tion of the nutritious juice, by which it becomes
proper for assimilation.
  HOMOLINON, see Apolinosis.
  HOMOLOGOUS, see Homology.
  HOM'OLOGUE, Homol'ogus, same etymon  as
homology.  A term applied to  the same organ in
different animals under every variety  of form and
function.—Owen.                          .
  HOMOL'OGY, from  'opoios,  'like,' and Xoyos,
'a  description.'   The doctrine  of similarity  of
structure.  Thus, the two sides of the body are
said to  be ' homologous.'  Homologous, homo-
morph'ous, or homozomorph'oua  tissues are those
that resemble others ; in opposition  to heterolo-
goua,  heleroclite, or  heteromorph'one, which aro
new formations.  Homology  seems  now to  be
accepted as  the  designation of the  doctrine  or
study, the  subject of which  is the relations of the
parts of animal bodies.—Owen.
   HOMOMORPHOUS, see Homology.
   HOMONOPAGIA, Cephalalgia.
   HOMOPH'AGUS, from 'unpos, 'raw/ and ipayu,
'I  eat.'  One  who eats raw flesh.
   HOMOPLAS'TY, Homo'opla'eia, from 'opoios,
' like,' and irXaooia, ' I form.'   The formation  of
homologous tissues.
   HOMOPLATA, Scapula.
   HOMOT'ONOS, JEqua'lie, from 'opos, 'equal/
and rovos, 'tone.' That which  has the same tone.
A  continued  fever,  whose symptoms have  an
equal intensity during the whole  course of the
disease, has been so called.  See Acmasticos, and
Synocha.
   HONESTY, Lunaria rediviva,
   HONEWORT, FIELD, Sison amomnm.
   HONEY, Mel—h. Balsam of, Hill's, see Mel-
fa.  Bloom, Apoeynum androsaemifolium — h.  of
Borax, Mel boracis — h. Clarified, Mel despuma-
tum—h. Prepared, Mel praeparatum—h. of Roses,
Mel rosae—h. of Squill, compound, Syrupus seillw
compositus.
   HONEYCOMB BAG, Reticulum. 
HONEYSUCKLE            465              HOSPITAL
  HOEiSUCKLE,  Lonicera periclymenum —
h. Bush,  Diervilla trifida —h. Scarlet, Lonicera
sempervirens — h. Trumpet,  Lonicera  semper-
\irens.
  HONEY SUGAR, Glucose.
  HONGLANE, Coptis teeta.
  HONOR CAPITIS, see Capillus.
  HONOR AIRE, Sostrum.
  HONORARIUM, Sostrum.
  HONTEUX, Pudic.
  HOODWORT, Scutellaria lateriflora.
  HOOK, Sax. hoce,  hooc, Dutch, hoock, Un-
rus,  Uiic"iiiua, Anc'yra, (¥.)  Erigne, Airigne OU
Erine.  An instrument, consisting of a steel wire,
Battened at the middle, and having the extremi-
ties  crooked  and pointed.  Some hooks are fur-
nished with a handle at one extremity—the other
having one or two hooks;—constituting the eingle
i>r double hook.  The  hook i3 used by anatomists
and  sursreons to lay hold of, and raise up, certain
parts, the dissection of which is delicate, or which
would slip from the fingers.
  The Tenaculum is a variety of the hook.
  Hook, Blunt. Ich'thya, Ic'h'thye. Onyx,  Unguis
ferr'eus.  An  instrument  which is passed over
the  flexures  of the joints  to assist  in  bringing
down the foetus in parturition.
  HOOP TREE. Melia azedarach.
  HOOPER'S  PILLS,  Pilula; Aloes et Mvrrhae.
  HOOPING-COUGH, Pertussis —h. Roche's
Embrocation for, see Roche.
  HOPITAL,  Hospital—^,  dee Fone, Morotro-
phium.
  HOPLOCHRIS'MA,  from  'oirXov,  'a. weapon/
md  ^piopta,  'salve.'   Unguen'tum  arma'rium,
Arnlatury Unguent.  A salve which  was sup-
pled to  cure wounds by sympathy,—the instru-
ment with which  the  wound  was inflicted being
anointed with it.
  HOPLOMOCH'LION, 'oirXopoxXiov, from 'oirXov,
'a weapon,' and po^Xos, 'a lever.'  The  name of
an iron machine  or  apparatus, which embraced
the  whole body like  armour.  A figure of it  is
giy.en by Fabricius ab Aquapendente.
  nOP, Humulus lupulus—h. Pillow, see Humu-
lus lupulus—h. Plant, Humulus lupulus.
  HOPS, see Humulus lupulus.
  HOQUET, Singultus.
  HORA, Hebe.
  HORiEA, Menses.
  HOR-dSOTES, Maturity.
  HORDEI MALTUM, Malt.
  HORDE'OLUM, diminutive of Hordeum, 'bar-
ley.'  Orde'olum, Poe'thia,  Sclerophthalmia, Cri-
the,  Crithid'ion, Crythe, Stye, Sty an,  Stine, (¥.)
Orgelet,  Orgeolet.  A small, inflammatory tu-
mour,  of the nature  of a boil, which exhibits
itself near the  free edge of the eyelids, particu-
larly near the inner angle of  the eye.
  HOR'DEUM, Or'deum, Crithe.  The  seeds of
Hordeum vulga're or Scotch Barley, Ord. Gra-
mineae, are ranked amongst the Cerealia. (¥.)
Orge.  They afford  a  mucilaginous decoction,
which is employed  as a diluent and antiphlo-
gistic.  The seeds of  the Hordeum die'tichon seu
aetlrum,  Zeoc'riton  die'tichum, and  H. hexae'-
tichon possess similar  properties.  Barley is freed
fiom its  shells in mills, forming the Hor'deum
miinda'turn seu decortica'tum seu  excortica'tum,
Hor'deum of  the Pharmacopoeias;  and, at times,
is rubbed  into small, round  grains, somewhat
like  pearls, when it is called Hordeum perla'tum,
Pearl  Barley,  (¥.) Orge perlS, and  forms the
Hordeum  denuda'tum seu perla'tum, the Hordei
sem'ina tu'nicie nuda'ta, of the Pharmacopoeias,
—Hordeum (Ph. U. S.)
  Hordeum Causticum, Veratrum sabadilla — h.
Decorticatum, see Hordeum—h. Denudatum, see
      30
Hordeum—h. Excorticatum, see Hordeum—h.
Galacticum, Oryza—h. Mundatum, see Hordeum
—h. Perlatum, see Hordeum.
  HOREHOUND, Marrubium —h. Black, Bal-
lota foetida — h. Germander-leaved, Eupatorium
teucrifolium — h. Stinking,  Ballota fostida — h.
Water, Lycopus  sinuatus, Lycopus Virginicus —
h. Wild, Eupatorium  rotundifolium,  E.  teucri-
folium.
  HORME, Instinct.
  HORMINUM, Salvia horminum —h. Colofa-
tum, Salvia horminum — h. Sativum, Salvia hor-
minum.
  HORMON, Enormon.
  HORN. Cornu.  '
  HORN POX,  see Varicella.
  HORNSEED, Ergot.
  HOliNY, Corneous.
  Horny Excres'cences, Lepido'sis, lehthyi'a-
sia  cornig"era, Cor'nua cuta'nea, (¥,) Cornea de
la Peau.  Certain excrescences, which occasion-
ally form on some part of the skin, and resemble,
in shape, the horns of an animal.
  Horny Substance, see Tooth.
  HORRENTIA, Horripilation.
  IIOR'RIDA  CUTIS,  Gooeeskin,  Cutis anse-
rina, Deriiiatospiism'us,  Spasmus  peripher'icue,
A state  of the skin produced by cold or fear, and
accompanying the rigor of an intermittent.
  HORRIPILA'TION,  Horripila'tio,  Horror,
Horren'tia,   Phrice,   Phricns'nius, Phriclasia,
Phil eia, from horrere, 'to bristle up/ and piltts,
'hair.'  (F.) Horripilation, Frissonnement.   Ge-
neral chilliness, preceding fever, and accompanied
with bristling of the hairs over the body.
  HORROR, Horripilation—h. Ciborum, Disgust
for  food.
  HORSE  BALM, Collinsonia Canadensis —h.
Cane, Ambrosia  trifida—h. Chestnut, jEsculus
hippocastanuin—h. Crust, Crusta genu equinae.
  HORSEFLY WEED, Sophora tinctoria.
  HORSEFOOT, see Kyllosis.
  HORSEMINT, Ambrosia trifida, Monarda eoc-
cinea, M. fistulosa, and M. punctata — h. Sweet,
Cunila mariana.
  HORSE NETTLE, Solanum Carolin^nse.
  HORSE RADISH, Cochlearia armoracia.
  HORSE'S TAIL, Hippuris vulgaris.
  HORSE WEED, Ambrosia trifida, Collinsonia
Canadensis, Erigeron Canadense.
  HORTULUS CUPIDINIS, Vulva.
  HORTUS, Vulva —h.  Siccus, Herbarium.
  HOSE, Collum, Throat.
  HOSEFISH,  Sepia.
  HOS'PITAL,  primarily from hoepee, hoepitie,
'a  guest.'   Infirm'ary,  (Old Eng.)  Farm'ery,
Spilal,  Nosocomlum, Adynatocomi'um, Adynato-
dochi'um, Xenodoce'um, Xenodoche'um, Infirma'-
ritim, Infirmato'rium,  Noeodochi'um,  Valetudi-
na'rium, (¥.)Hopital.  An establishment for the
reception of the  sick,  in which  they are main-
tained  and  treated medically.   Hospitals were
first instituted about the end of the 4th century;
a period at  which the word voooxoptiov was em-
ployed,  for the first time,  by St. Jerome.  They
may be  general,  receiving all cases ; or apecial,
admitting only the subjects of certain diseases.
  Hos'pital Gangrene,  Phageda'na gangrat-
no'aa, Putrid or Malignant Ulcer, Gangra'na
Noeocomio'rum sell Noaocomia'lis seu Contagio'sa,
Sphac"elue nosocomia'lie,  Hoe'pital Sore, Putre'-
do,  (¥.)  Pourriture ou Gangrlne d'hdpital. Gan-
grene, occurring in wounds or ulcers, in hospi-
tals, the  air of  which  has been  vitiated  by the
accumulation of patients, or some  other circum-
stance.  Hospital gangrene—many different va-
rieties of which are met with, and always accois- 
HOST                  466       HUMIDUM NATIVUM
panied or preceded by fever — commonly com-
mences with suppression  of the  suppuration  of
the wound, which becomes covered with a gray-
ish and tenacious  sanies.   The gangrene  then
manifests  itself.  It extends from  the  centre of
the ulcerated  surface towards the edges; these
become  swollen, painful,  and everted; and the
patient  dies with all the signs of typhus.  The
treatment must be varied  according to circum-
stances.   Sometimes,  it requires the use of sti-
nfulating, acid, caustic, and antiseptic applica-
tions ;  with,  occasionally,  the  actual cautery,
aided by  the exhibition of tonics, internally : —
at others, the antiphlogistic regimen and emol-
lient applications may be necessary.
   Hospital, Insane, Morotrophium—h. Leper,
Ladrerie.
   HOST, Tussis.
   HOSTIARIUS,  Pylorus.
   HOT SPRINGS,  see Virginia, mineral  wa-
ters of.
   HOUBLON, Humulus lupulus.
   HOUdH, Poples, Sickly.
   HOUNDS' TONGUE, Cynoglossum.
   HOUPPE  NER VEUSE, See Papilla —ft. du
Menton, Depressor labii inferioris, Levator labii
inferioris.
   HOURGLASS  CONTRACTION  OF  THE
 UTERUS, see Chaton.
   HOUSELEEK, Sempervivum  tectorum — h.
Small. Sedum.
   HOUSEMAID'S  KNEE, see  Knee, house-
maid's.
   HOUSE-PUPIL, see nouse-Surgeon.
   HOUSE-SURGEON, Ree'ident Surgeon.  Usu-
ally a senior house-pupil or graduate, who resides
in an hospital, and attends to every accident and
 disease, in the absence of the attending physician
 or surgeon.  It answers, in the British hospitals,
 to the  Ellve interne or Interne of the  French.
 The Ellve externe or Externe is a less advanced
pupil; from whom Internes are chosen. In ordi-
 nary schools, Ellve externe means a day-scholar;
 whilst Ellve interne means a boarder.
   HOUX, Ilex aquifolium—h. Apalachine, Ilex
 vomitoria—h. Petit, Ruscus.
   HOWDY, Midwife.
   HOWDY-WIFE,  Midwife.
   HUACACACHU,  Datura sanguinea.
   HUACO, Guaco.
   HUANU, Guano.
   HUBBON, Haunch.
   HUCKLEBERRY,  see  Gaylussacia, and Vac-
 cinium—h. Dwarf, Gaylussacia humosa.
   HUCKLEBONE, Ischion.
   HUCKSHOULDERED, see Hump.
   HUDSON'S  PRESERVATIVE  FOR  THE
 TEETH AND GUMS, see Tinctura Myrrhse.
   HUILE, Oil — h. d'Absinthe, Artemisia absin-
 thium  (oil of) — h. d'Acajou,  see  Anacardium
 oocidentale.
   HUILE ACOUSTIQUE (¥.),  O'leum acue'ti-
 cam, Acoustic Oil.   An oil for deafness, prepared
 of olive  oil, ^'ij ;  garlic,  ox-gall, and  bay Icavee,
 each 3Jj boiled for a quarter  of an hour,  and

    HUILE D'AM ANDES, Oleum amygdalarum
 —h. d'Aneth, see  Anethum graveolens—h. Ani-
 mate,  Oleum  animate — h. Animale  de Dippel,
 Oleum animale Dippelii—h. AnimaliaSe par in-
 fueion, Oleum  animalizatum per infusionem — h.
 d'Anie, see Pimpinella anisum — h.  Anthelmin-
 tique de Chabert, Oleum animale empyreumaticum
 Chaberti — h. Aromatique, Oleum  animalizatum
 per infusionem — h. d'Aurone, Artemisia abrota-
 num (oil of) — h. de Cacao, Butter of  Cacao — k.
 de Cade, see Juniperus oxycedrus—h. de Card,
 Carum (oil)—h. de CSdrat, Oleum cedrinum—h.
de petite Chiene, Oleum animalizatum  per  infu-
sionem—h. de Come de Cerf, Oleum animale Dip-
pelii— h.  d'Epurge,  Euphorbia latbyris — h. de
Foie de Morue, Oleum jecoris aselli—It. de Gabi-
on, Petroheum—h. de (ierofle, see Eugenia caryo-
phyllata—h.  de Laurier, Unguentum laurinum—
h. de Lin, see Linum usitatissinium — h. de Lie,
see Lilium candidum—h. de Morelle, see Solnnuin
—h. de  Morue, Oleum jecoris aselli—h. de Nmr,
see Juglans einerea—h. d'OEillette, Papaver (oil)
—h. de Papier, Pyrotbonide—/(. de Pieds de Bottif,
 Oleum bubulum — h. de Ricin, see Ricinus coin-
munis—h. de Stiecin, see Succinum—h. de Tartre
 par defaillauce, Liquor potassae subcarbonatis—
h.  Verte,  Balsam, green, of Metz — h.  de Vin
douce,  Oleum ^Ethereum.
   HUILES  ANIMALES,  Olea  animalia— h.
Diatilleea, Olea  volatilia — h. Empyreumatiqiiee,
Olea euipyreumatica—h. Esseutielles, Olea vola-
tilia— h.  EthSrSee, Olea volatilia—h.  Fixes, ou
 Graeeee, Olea fixa—h. Fugacee, Olea fugacia—h.
 Mftlicinalee,  Olea medicinalia—h.  PymgSnSee,
 Olea empyreumatiea—h. Volatile8, Olea volatilia.
   Hi 'IT  DE CHIFFRE.  Figure of 8.   A ban-
 dage of which the turns are crossed in the form
 of  the figure 8.   Such  is the bandage used after
 bleeding from the arm.
   HUITO, Genipa oblongifolia.
   IIU1TRE, Ostrea.
   HUKEBANE, Ischion.
   IIULCUS, Ulcer.
   IIULGIE-BACKED, see Hump.
   HULLUPING, Vomiting.
   HUM,  VENOUS,  Bruit de diable.
   HUM RLE, Rectus inferior oculi.
   HUMECTAN'TIA.  From humectare, 'to mois-
 ten'   A  name formerly given to drinks, which
 appeared to  possess  the property of augmenting
 the fluidity of the blood.
   HU'MERAL, Humera'lie. That which belongs
I to, or is connected with, the arm or humerus.
   Hu'meral Ar'tery, Arte'ria humera'lie, see
 Brachial  artery.
   HUMERO-CUBITAL, Brachialis anterior —
 h.  Sue-mStacarpien,  see Radialis—h. Sue-radial,
 Supinator radii longus.
    HU'MERUS, Sca'pula, Omo;  Armue, (F.)
 Epaule, Shoulder, (Prov.) Spaud. The most ele-
 vated part of  the arm.  The  bones, which con-
 cur in forming it, are— the scapula, head of tht,
 humerus, and  the  clavicle, united  together  by
 strong ligaments, and covered  by numerous mus-
 cles.
    Hu'merus, Oe hu'meri seu  bra'chii seu adju-
 to'rinm  seu brachia'le, Bra'chium,  Lacer'tne,
 Shoulderbone,  (Prov.)  Spaut-bone,  Spaw-bone,
 Shullbane, is the cylindrical, irregular bone of
 the arm; the  upper extremity  of which has a
 hemispherical  head connected with the scapula;
 and two tuberoeitiee or tuberclee, a greater and a
 leaser,  for the  attachment of muscles,  between
 which is the Bicip'ital groove or Foeaa.  At the
 inferior extremity may be remarked — the  inner
 condyle,  the outer condyle ; the email head, which
 is articulated with the radius; the trochlea articu-
 lated with the  ulna, Ac.  The humerus is deve-
 loped  by seven points of ossification:—one  for
  the body; one  for the head; one for the greater
 tuberosity;  one for the trochlea; one for the epi-
 trochlea; one for the epicondyle; and another for
  tbe lesser head.
    Humerus Summits, Acromion.
    HUMEUR  AQUEUSE, Aqueous  humour —
 h. Gryetalline, Crystalline—h. Hyalo'ide, Corpus
 vitreum—h. de Morgaqni, Morgagni, humour of.
    HUMEURSFROIDES, Scrofula.
    HUMIDE RADICALE, Humidum radicale.
J   HUMIDUM NATIVUM, H. radicale—h. Na- 
HUMILIS
467
HYALOID
 tivum Aiticulorum, Synovia —h. Primigenium,
 H. radicale.
   Hh'midum Radica'le, Hu'midum primigen'ium
 seu nati'vum  seu  eemina'le,  Rad'ical Moisture,
 (¥.) Humide radicale.  Names formerly given to
 the liquid which was conceived to give flexibility
 and proper consistence  to  the  different organic
 textures.
   Humidum  Sf.minale, H. radicale.
   HUMILIS, Rectus inferior oculi.
   HUMLOIK.  Conium.
   HUMOR,  Humour —h. Albugineous, Aqueous
 humour—h. Articularis, Synovia—h. Ceruminous,
 Cerumen—h. Doridis, Water, sea —h. Genitalis,
 Sperm—h.Glacialis, Crystalline, Corpus vitreum
 — h. Hyalinus seu Hyaloides, Corpus vitreum —
 h. Laeteus, Milk—h. Lacrymalis, Tear—h.  Me-
 lancholicus, see Mercurialis—h. Mercurialis, see
 Mercurialis—b. Morgagnianus, Morgagni, humor
 of—h. Ovatus, Aqueous humour—h. Oviformis,
 Aqueous humour—h. Pericardii, see Pericardium
 —h.  Purulentus, Pus —  h. Seminalis,  Sperm—h.
 Venereus, Sperm—h. Vitreus, Corpus vitreum.
   HU'MORAL,  Humora'lis,  from  humere, 'to
 moisten.'  Proceeding from,  or connected with,
 the humours.
   HUMORES INQUILINI,  Recrementitial Se-
 cretions.
   HUMORIQUE, see Bruit hitmorique.
   HU'MORISM,  Hit'moral Pathology,  Patho-
 log"ia  humera'lie.   A medical  theory,  founded
 exclusively on the parts  which the humours were
 considered to play in the production  of disease.
 Although traces of this  system may be found in
 the most remote antiquity, the creation, or, at all
 events, the arrangement of it may be attributed
 to Galen, who  enveloped it in metaphysical sub-
 tleties relating to the union between the elements
 and the four cardinal humours.
   HU'MORISTS.  The Galenical and other phy-
 sicians,  who attributed  all diseases  to the de-
 praved state  of the humours,  or to vicious juices
 collected in the body.
   HUMOUR, Humor,  Hygra'eia,  Hygre'don,
 Hygrum.  Every fluid substance of an organized
 body; — as the blood, chyle, lymph, Ac.    The
 Humoure, %v»fO£, Chymi,  Humo'rea,  differ consi-
 derably as to number and quality  in the different
 species  of organized beings; and  even in the
 same species, according  to the state of health or
 disease.  The  ancients  reduced  them to four ;
 which they called car'dinal humoure:—the blood,
 phlegm, yellow bile, and atrabilis or black bile.
 A modern classification  of the humours is given
 under Fluid.
   HUMP.  Perhaps from umbo,  'the boss of a
 buckler.'  Hunch, Gibber, Gibbue, Gibba, Tuber,
 (¥.) Boaae.  A prominence, formed by a devia-
 tion of  the bones of the  trunk.  Commonly,  it is
 formed by the spine or sternum, and  is seated at
 the posterior or anterior part of the  trunk.  It
 may, also, be produced by deviation  of the  ribs
 or pelvis. The spine may be  curved in  three
 principal directions.  1. Backwards, the most
 common case; this the  ancients  called  Kvipoiois,
 Cypha'eie, Gibboa'itae. 2. Forwarde, XopSuiois, Lor-
 do'eis, Recurva'tio ;  and 3. Laterally, okoXiwois,
 Scolio'eie,  Obetipa'tio.  Most curvaturca occur at
 a  very  early age, and  are caused  by scrofula,
 rickets, Ac; and,  not  unfrequently, they  are
 accompanied by caries of the vertebrae.  See Ver-
 tebral disease.   One who is affected with a hump,
 or  is  hump'backed,  Hmnpty,  Huekshoitldered,
 Shntmpshouldered,  (Sc) Hulgiebacked,  Trudge-
backed,  (Prov.) Croopbacked,  is  called, by  the
French, boeeu.
  HUMPBACKED, see  Hump.
  HUMPTY, see Hump.
  HUMULUS, Humulus lupulus.
  Hu'mulus  Lu'pulus,  Lu'pulus,  L.  eeandene
seu  commu'nia seu aalicta' due, Humulua,  (from
humua, ' the ground on which it creeps/) Con vol-
vulus peren'nis,  the Hop-j>lant.  Nat.  Ord. Ur-
ticacere.  (F.) Houblon, Vigne du nord.  Its cones
or strobiles, Hu'muli strob'ili (Ph.  L.), Humulus
(Ph. U. S.), have a fragrant odour; and a bitter,
aromatic taste, depending on a peculiar principle,
named Lilpttlin,  extractive and  essential  oil,
which may be extracted, equally, by water and
spirit, from the  dried strobiles.   The hop is em-
ployed as  a  tonic and hypnotic, and enters into
the composition  of ale and beer.
  The Hop pillow, Pulvi'nur Hu'muli,  has long
been used  for producing sleep.
  HUNCH, Hump.'
  HUNGARICA FEBRIS, Fever, Hungary.
  HUNGER, Anglo-Saxon, hunsen, Famea, El-
mos, Peine, Peina, Esu'ries, Jeju'nium, Jeju'ititae,
E8iirit"io,  Eaurlgo,  (¥.) Faim.  The  necessity
for taking  food.  Hunger is an internal sensation,
which some  authors  have  attributed to the fric-
tion  between tbe sides  of  the  stomach  in its
empty state;  others, to  the compression of the
nerves, when the organ is  contracted ; others, to
the action  of the gastric juice, Ac,  It is dictated
by  the wants  of the system: — farther we  know
not.  See Appetite.
  HUNGER-CURE, Limotherapeia.
  HUNGRY, Famel'icita, LImicua, Limo'dea;
(Prov.)  Haw, (vulg.) Peckieh; same etymon.
Affected with hunger.
  IIURA  BRASILIEN'SIS,  Aasacou,  Assacii,
 Usaacil.  A Brazilian tree, of the Nat.  Ord. Eu-
phorbiaceae, which, in form of the extract of the
bark, is  esteemed a specific  in  leprosy.   It is,
also,  given in elephantiasis, and as  an anthel-
mintic.
  HURDIES, Nates.
  HURTLEBERRY, Vaccinium  myrtillus.
  HYA-HYA, Tabernaemontana utilis.
  HYACINTH, WILD, Scilla esculenta.
  HYACINTHUS  MUSCARI,  Bulbus   vomi-
torius.
  HYjENAN'CHE GLOBO'SA.  An arborescent
shrub of South Africa, Nat. Ord. Euphorbiaceae,
the fruit of which, pounded, is used to destroy
hyaenas and other beasts  of prey, and  seems to
contain strychnia.
  HYALEUS, Hyaline.
  HY'ALINE,  Hyalinus, Hyale'us,  Vilreue,
Vit'reoue, {¥.) Vitreux, vitrS.   Glassy.  Resem-
bling glass.
  Hyaline Substance, Cytoblastema.
  HYALI'TIS, Inflamma'tio  tu'nica hyalo'idera,
Hyaloidltie,  Vit'reo-capauli'tie,  from  hyaiwid,
and  itie,  denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
of the hyaloid membrane  of the eye.
  JIY'ALOID,Hyalo'des, Hyalo'ldee, from 'vaXost
' glass,' and ttoos, ' resemblance.'  Vitriform;  re-
sembling glass.
  Hyaloid Canal, see Hyaloid membrane.
  Hyaloid Fossa, Foeea  Hyalo'ide'a, is a cup-
like excavation in  the vitreous humour, in which
the  crystalline is imbedded.
  Hy'aloid Membrane,  Tu'nica  Hyalo'ide'a sen
Vit'rea,Membra'na Arachnoide'a, is the extremely
delicate membrane, which forms the exterior co-
vering of  the vitreous  humour, and  transmits
within it  prolongations, which divide it into cells.
Fallopius discovered this membrane, and gave it
the  name Hyaloid.  On a lev-el with  the  entranco
of the optic  nerve  into  the eye,  the hy-iloid
membrane  has been described as forming, by re-
flection, a  cylindrical canal,  which  pierces the
vitreous humour from behind to before,  as far as
the  posterior part of the crystalline.   See Canal.
hyaloid.  At its anterior part is a depression — 
HYAL0ID1TIS            46
Fossa patella'ris seu lenticula'ris for the reception
of the crystalline lens.
  HYALOIDITIS, Hyalitis.
  HYALONIXIS, see Cataract.
  HYALONYXIS, see Cataract
  HYALOS. Vitrum.
  UYANCHE,  Cynanche tonsillaris.
  HYBOMA, Gibbositas,
  HYBRID,  Hlbrida, Hy'brida, (F.)  Hybride,
from the Greek  'vfipis, 'vfiptios, ' mongrel or raun-
grel.'  (F.) Metis, Millet.   A being born of two
different species,—as the mule.  The  term  is ap-
plied to plants as well as to animals.  The  result
is termed Hybridity.  Hybrid is often, also, used
to designate words  which are formed from two
different languages—as uter-jVs, for inflammation
of the uterus, in place of  metritis.
  HYBRIDITY, see Hybrid.
  HYDARTHROSIS, Hydrarthrus.
  HYDARTHRUS, Hydrarthrus.
  HYDAS, Hydor.
  HYDATID,  Hy'datis,  Bulla,  Aqu'ula, Hy-
dro'a,  Hydrocye'tie,  Hygrocya'tie,  Tania  hyda-
tig"ena,  Echinococ'cua  huma'nua, from  'viwp,
'viaros,  'water.' This name was long given  to
every encysted tumour which contained an aqueous
and  transparent fluid. Many pathologists sub-
sequently applied it to vesicles,  softer than the
tissue of membranes, more or less transparent,
which  are developed within organs, but without
adhering to their tissues.  It is by no means clear
that these formations are really entozoa.  They
have been found in various parts of the body ;
sometimes in the uterus, occasioning signs nearly
similar to those of pregnancy, but being sooner
or later expelled.   The expulsion is  generally
attended with  more  or  less hemorrhage. See
Acephalocystis.
  Hydatia, Aqu'ula, Phlycfa'nula,  Verru'ca Pal-
pebra'rum, 31 ilium, also, meant a small, transpa-
rent tumour of the eyelids.—Galen, C. Hoffmann.
  HYDATIDES  CERVICIS  UTERI, Nabothi
glandulae.
  HYDATIDOCE'LE, Hydatoce'le, from 'vians,
'hydatid/ and KnXn, 'a  tumour.'   Oscheocele
containing hydatids; the  Oecheoce'le hydatido'ea,
Ilydatidoacheoce'le of Sauvages.
  HYDATIDOIDES, Hydatoid.
  HYDATIDO'MA, from 'vians,  'hydatid.'  A
tumour caused by hydatids.
  HYDATIDOSCHEOCELE, Hydatidocele.
   HYDAT'IFORM,  Hydatiform'ie.   A  hybrid
word from hydatid and forma, ' form.'  Resem-
bling an hydatid.
  HYDATINUS, Hydatoid.
  HYDATIS FINNA, Cysticercus cellulosae.
  HYDATIS'MUS, from  'viwp,  'vSaros, 'water.'
Tbe noise eaused by the  fluctuation  of pus con-
tained in an abscess.—Aurelian, Foesius.
  HYDATOCELE, Hydatidocele, Hydrocele.
   HYD ATOCH'OLOS, from 'viwp, 'viaros,' water,'
and \oXn,  'bile.'   Aquo'eo-bil'ioue.  An epithet
given  to  evacuated  matters when  mixed with
water and bile.—Hippocrates,  Foesius.
   HYDATODES,  Aqueous.
   HY'DATOID, HydatoVdee, A'queoue, Aquo'-
eite, Hydato'dee, Hydat'inue,  Hydatido'dee, Hy-
datidoi'dee, from 'vSiop, 'viaros, ' water/ and ct<5of,
'resemblance.'  Watery. Resembling  water. This
name  has been given to tbe membrane  of the
aqueous humour; and, also, to the aqueous humour
itself.   Vinum hydato'dee ; wine and water.
  HYDATONCUS, Anasarca, CBdema.
   HYDATOPO'SIA,  from  'viwp, 'viaros, 'water,'
and iroois, 'drinking.' Water-drinking;—hence
  HYDATOP'OTES.  A water-drinker.
  HYDATOTHERAPEIA,Hydrosudotherapeia.
  HYDERICUS, Hydropic.
8             HYDRARGYRI
  IIYDERODES, Hydropic.
  1IYDEROXCUS, Anasarca, CEdema.
  HYDEROS, Anasarca, Hydrops.
  HYDOR, hy'datoe, 'viwp, 'viaros, and Hydai,
hydatoe, 'vias, 'viaros, ' water.'   Hence:
  HYDRACIIXIS, see Varicella.
  HYDRADEX. Conglobate gland.
  HYDRADENrTIS,/»i/?«mma'tto(//onrfi'/«'rHm
lymphatica'rum,  from Hydraden,  ' a  lymphatio
gland/ and itie, denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
mation of a lymphatic gland.
  HYDR^E'DUS, from 'viwp, 'water,' and atiota,
'genital organs.'  CEdema of the female organs.
  HYDREMIA, Hydroaemia.
  nYDRAGOGA, Hydragogues.
  HYDRAGOGIA, Hydragogues.
  nirDRAGOGICA, Hydragogues.
  HY'DRAGOGUES, Hydrago'ga, Hydrago'gin,
Hydrago'gica, Hydrop'ica, Hydrot'ica, Aquidn'-
ca, from lvSwp, ' water/ and nyw, ' I expel.'  Mc
dicines believed to be capable of expelling serum
effused into any part of  the  body.   These are
generally cathartics or diuretics.
  IIYDRAGOGUM BOYLEI, Argenti nitras.
  HYDRALLANTE, False Waters.
  HYDRAL'LAS, from  'viwp,' water,' and a\\as,
'a sausage/—see Allantois.  A morbid  increase
in the quantity of the fluid of the  allantois.
  irYDRALM^E, Waters,  mineral  (saline).
  HYDRAM'XIOS,  from 'viwp,  'water,'  and
'amnio8.'  An excessive quantity  of the liquor
amnii.
  IIYDRAN'GEA ARBORES'CENS, H. vulga'-
ris, Sevenbark,  Wild Hydran'gea, Biaattm.   Ord.
Hydrangeae.  An indigenous plant, which flowers
in July.  The leaves are  said  to be tonic, siala-
gogue, cathartic, diuretic,  and antilithic [?]
  HYDRANGEITIS, Angeioleucitis.
  HYDRANGIA, Lymphatic vessels.
  HYDRANGIOGRAPHIA,   Angeiohydrogra-
phy.
  HYDP ANGIOTOMIA,  Angeiohydrotomy.
  HYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS,  Bh/drargyren-
trip'aie, from 'vipapyvpos,  'quicksilver/ and ava-
rpi^its, 'rubbing in.'  The  rubbing  in of  a prepa-
ration of quicksilver:—Hydrargyrotrip'aie.
  HYDRARGYRENTRIPSIS, Hydrargyrana-
tripsis.
 . HYDRARGYRI ACETAS,  Hydrargyrus ace-
tatus—h. Bichloridum,  H. oxymurias—h. Bicya-
nidum, H. cyanuretum—h. Biniodidum,  H.  iodi-
dum rubrum—h. Binoxydum, H. oxydum rubrum
—h. Bisulphuretum, II.  sulphuretum rubrum—h.
JJorussias,  II. cyanuretum—h. Bromidum, see
Bromine — h. Calx  alba, Hydrargyrum  praecipi-
tatum— h. Chloridum, H.  submurias — h. Chlori-
dum corrosivum, H. Oxymurias — h.  Cbloridum
mite, H. submurias.
  Hydrar'gyri Cyanure'tum, H.  Cyan'idum seu
Borue'das seu Bicyan'idttm, Hydrar'gyrum  Cya-
nogena'tum seu Hydrocyan'icum seu Borue'aicum
seu  Zoot'icum, Prnaaiae Hydrar'gyri, Cyan'uret
or Prueaiate  of Mercury,  (¥.) Cyanure  de  Mer-
cure. (Ferri Ferro-cyanuret. S;iv; Hydrarg. oxid.
rubr. sjiij, vel q. 8.; Aqua deetillat. Oiij.   Pnt
the ferro-cyanuret and three ounces of the oxide
of mercury, previously powdered and thoroughly
mixed together, into a glass vessel, and pour on
two  pints of the distilled water.   Boil the  mix-
ture, stirring constantly;  and  if, at the end of
half an hour, the blue colour remains, add small
portions of the oxide of mercury, continuing the
ebullition until the mixture becomes of a yellow-
ish colour; then filter through paper.  Wash the
residue in a pint of the distilled water, and filter.
Mix the solution and evaporate till a pellicle ap-
pears, and set the liquor aside, that crystals may
form.  To purify the crystals, subject  it to re- 
HYDRARGYRI            4
 solution,  evaporation, and crystallization.—Ph.
 U. S.)   This preparation has been  strongly re-
 commended as a powerful antisypbilitic, and is
 admitted into  the  Parisian codex.  Twelve to
 twenty-four grains  may be dissolved in a quart
 of distilled water, and three or four spoonfuls of
 the solution be taken daily in a glass of any ap-
 propriate liquid.
   Hydrargyri  Deuto-iodidum, n. Iodidum ru-
 brum—h. Deuto-ioduretum, see  Iodine—h.  Deu-
 tonitras,  see II. nitras —h.  Dipernitras, see  II.
 nitras — h.  Hyperoxodes,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-
 oxydum.
   Hydrargyri  Iod'idum, H. Protoiod'idum seu
 Proto-iodttre'tum seu  Subiod'idum, Hydrar'gy-
 rum Ioda'tum flavum seu ludidula'titm, Iod'idum
 seu Ioditre'tum hydrargyro'aum, Protoiodure'tum
 mercu'rii, I'odide or Protlodide of Mercury, (¥.)
 Ptotoiodure ou Protiodure de Mercure, (Hydrarg.
 5J, lodin, ^v, Alcohol  q.  s.  Rub the  mercury
 and iodine  together, adding sufficient alcohol to
 form a soft paste, and continue the trituration till
 the globules disappear.   Dry the  iodide in the
 dark, with a gentle heat, and keep it in a  well-
 stopped bottle, the light excluded. —Ph. U. S.)
 Dose, one  grain, gradually  raised  to  three or
 four.
   Hydrargyri  Iodidum  Chloridi, Mercury,
 iodide of chloride of.
   Hydrargviii  IooinuM Rcbrum,  H.  Biniod'-
 idtim  seu Deitto-iod'idum seu Detito-iodure'tum
 seu Period'idum, Hydrarg'yrum ioda'tum rubrum
 sou Biiodn'tuiii  seu Perioda'tum,  lode'tum seu
 Iod'idum Hydrargyr'icitm, Deuto-iodure'turn mer-
 cu'rii, Red I'odide, Binlodide,  Deiiti'odide and
 Perlodide  of Mercury, (¥.)  Deutiodure  ou Bi-
 iodttre ou  Periodure  de  Mercure.   (Hydrarg.
 corros. chlorid.  ^j,  Potassii lad id.  jx. Aqua
 destillat.  Oij.  Dissolve the chloride in a  pint and
 a half, and the iodide of potassium in half a pint
 of distilled water,  and  mix  the solutions.  Col-
 lect the precipitate on a filter, and, having washed
 it  with  distilled water, dry  it with a moderate
 heat, and kgep it in  a well-stopped bottle. — Ph.
 U. S.)  Dose, one-sixteenth  to  one-fourth  of  a
 grain.
   Hydrargyri Murias basi Oxydi imperfecti,
 n. oxymurias—h. Murias corrosivum, H. oxymu-
 rias— h. Murias dulcis sublimatus, II. submurias
 —h. Oxygenatus, IL Oxymurias—h. Murias spi-
 rituosus liquidus. Liquor hydrargyri  oxymuriatis
 —h. Murias suboxygenatus  praecipitatione para-
 tus. Hydrargyrum precipitatum.
   Hydrargyri  Nitras, Nitras Hydrar'gyri in
 crystall'os concre'tiie, Hydrargyrum nit'ricum,Mer-
 curiue nitro' ana firlgore para! fua, Nitras hydrargy-
 ro'ati8,  Az'oteta hydrargyro'eua, A'itrate of  Mer-
 cury, (¥.) Azotate de mercure, Proto'dzotate de mer-
 cure, Nitrate mercurettx.   It is employed in syphi-
 lis; and, externally, in fungous,  obstinate ulcers.
   It is used  in the formation of the Soluble  Mer-
 cury of Hahnemann.
   An acid nitrate of mercury, Hydrar'gyri deuto-
 nitraa seu dipernitras seu eupernitras, Mercu'rius
 nitro'eue cal'ide para'tne,  Nitras hydrargyr'icus,
 Az'otaa hydrargyr'icua liq'uidus.  Liquor Hydrar'-
 gyri siipernitra'tis,Hydrargyripernitra'tie Liquor,
 (Ph. D.) Solution of supernitrate of mercury, So-'
 bit ion ofeupertiitrate of deutoxide of mercury, (¥.)
 Deittoiizotate  acide  liquide  de  mercure,  Nitrate
 acide de mercure, made  by dissolving four parts
 of mercury in eight of nitric acid, and evaporating
 the  solution to nine parts, has  been used  as a
 caustic  in malignant ulcerations and cancerous
 affe -tions.
   Ward's White Drope,—a once celebrated anti-
 scorbutic nostrum,—were prepared by dissolving
mercury in nitric acid, and adding a solution of I
carbonate of ammonia; or, frequently, they  con-|
9             HYDRARGYRI
 sisted of a solution of eublimate with carbonate of
 ammonia.
   Hydrargyri  Nit'rico-ox'ydum, Hydrar'gyri
 ox'idum rubrum (Ph. U. S.), Hydrargyria nitrtl-
 tue ruber, Mercu'rius corroelvtia ruber seu praci-
 pita'ttte corroelvue seu pracipitu'tita ruber seu
 coralllnua, Arca'num corulllnum, Pul'vi8 priil-
 cipie, Pracipita'tua ruber,  Ox'ydum  hydrar'gyi
 comple'tum seu hydrargyr'icum, Panace'u mercu'-
 rii rubra, Pulvis Joailnis  de Vigo, Oxo'dea hy-
 drargyri rubrum, Hyperoxo'dee hydrargyri, Oj'y-
 dum hydrar'gyri nit'ricum seu hydrargyri rubrum
 per ac"idum nit'ricum, Nitric oxide  of  mercury,
 Red precip'itate, (¥.) Oxide nitrique  de mercure,
 PrScipitS rouge onper ae, Mercurecorallin, Nitrate
 de mercure rouge.   (Hydrarg.  Sjxxxvj; Acid.
 nitric, fjxviij;  Aqua  Oij.   Dissolve the mer-
 cury with a gentle heat, in the acid and water
 previously mixed, and evaporate to dryness. Rub
 into  powder,  and heat in a very shallow vessel
 till red vapours cease to rise.—Ph. U. S.)  It  is
 a stimulant and escharotic, and used  as  such ia
 foul  ulcers, being sprinkled on the part in fine
 powder, or united with  lard into an ointment.
   Hydrargyri  Oxodes  Rubrum,  Hydrargyri
 nitrico-oxydum—h. Oxydi murias ammoniacalis,
 Hydrargyrum  praecipitatum — h.  Oxydulum ni-
 grum, H. Oxydum cinereum.
   Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Cine'reum,  Mthiapa
 per ae, Mercu'riua niger Mosca'ti seu pracipita'-
 tua niger,  Oxydum  hydrar'gyri nigrum seu //./-
 drargyro'eitm seu hydrargyr'icum pracipita'iet.,
 Oxyd'ulum hydrar'gyri nigrum,Pulvia mercurin'lie
 cine'reiia, Mercuriua citic'reua, Turpe'thum nigrum.
 Gray or Black oxide of Mercury, (¥.) Oxide da
 mercure cendrS, Oxide  grie  ou noir de  mercur:,
 Protoxide de mercure.   This oxide  is  made in
 various ways.  It may  be formed by boiling sub-
 muriate of  mercury in lime water.  The  dose of
 this Pulvie Hydrargyri cinereua is from two to
 ten grains.  There are four  other preparations of
 it in estimation, viz :—Plenck'e solution,  made by
 rubbing mercury with mucilage.  2.  By rubbing
 equal parts of sugar and mercury together.  '.'<■
 A compound of honey  or liquorice and purified
 mercury.   4.  The  blue pill, and ointment.  All
 these possess the usual  properties of mercury-
   Tbe Hydrargyri Oxidum  Nigrum of the Ph. U.
 S. is  made  as follows: — Hydrarg. Clilorid. mit.,
 Potassa, aa ^iv, Aqua Oj.   Dissolve  the potassa
 in the water, allow the dregs to subside, and pour
 off the clear solution.   To this add the chloride,
 and stir constantly till the black oxide is formed.
 Pour off the supernatant liquor, wash the black
 oxide with  distilled water, and dry with a gentle
 he:Tt.  Dose, one or two grains.
   The  Mercuriua  aolu'bilia of Hahnemann is
 formed from a black oxide of mercury.  It is the
 Mercuriua aolu'bilia  Hahnemun'ni, Oxydum hy-
 drargyri  nigri median'te ammo'nid ex  protoni-
 tra'te hydrar'gyri pracipita'turn, Az'otaa hydrar-
 gyro'ao-itmmo'nicus,  (¥.)  Azotate de  mercure tt
 d'ammoniaque, Oxyde gris  ou  noir de Mercure,
 PrScipitS  noir, Turbith noir,  which  has been es-
 teemed, in Germany and France, as an antisyphi-
 litic   Dose gr. l-5th to gr. i.  It is  used in the
 same cases as the Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum.
  Hydrargyri Oxydum Nigrum, H.  oxydum
 cinereum — h. Oxydum  nigrum mediante ammo-
 nia et protonitrate hydrargyri praecipitatum, see
 II. oxydum  cinereum—h. Oxydum nitricum, Hy-
 drargyri nitrico-oxydum.
  Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Rubrum, H. Binox'y.
 duni,  Mercuriua calcina'tux, Hydrar'gyrtis calci-
 natue, (¥.) Oxide de Mercure rouge,  Red oxide
of mer'cttry.  (Made  by precipitation  from a so-
lution  of bichloride of  mercury by solution of
potassa.)  Sc Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
  Ii is stimulant and escharotic;-and, in largo 
HYDRARGYRI           470           HYDRARGYRUM
 doses, emetic.   Owing to the violence of its ope-
 ration, it is seldom given internally.
   Hydrargyri Oxydum Rubrum Per Acidum
 Nitricum, Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum—h. Oxy-
 dum saccharatum. Hydrargyrum saccharatum —
 h. Oxydum sulphuricum, Hydrargyria vitriolatus.
   Hydrargyri Oxymu'iuas, //. Chlo'ridum Cor- '
 roslvum (Ph. U. S.), seu Richlo'ridttm seu Per-
 vitlrias. Hydrargyria muria'tna, Mu'riits hydrar- '\
 gyri corrosi'vus seu  oxygena'tue seu hydrargyri
 bast oxydi imperfee'ti seu hydrargyri corrosivnm, jj
 Snblima'tue  corrosinua, Sublima'tum  corrosivnm, l]
 Mercuriae corroeivue seu corrosivua  snblima'tue, \\
 Supermirrias hydrargyri, (¥.) Deutochlorure ou
 Bichloride de mercure,  Muriate oxygSnS de mer-
 cure, Sublime corrosif;  Bichlo'ride or Oxymuriate
 or  Corrosive muriate  of mercury, Corrosive eitbli-
 mitte.   (Hydrarg.  Ibij,  Acid.  Sulphur.  Ibiij,
 Sodii Chlorid. Ibiss.  Boil the mercury with  the
 sulphuric acid until  the sulphate of  mercury is
 left dry.  Rub this, when cold, with the chloride
 of  sodium, in an earthenware mortar; then sub-
 lime with a gradually increasing heat.—Ph. U. S.)
 It is used as an antisyphilitic eutrophic in vene-
 real  complaints, old  cutaneous affections,   Ac
 Gr. iij to Oj  of water is a good gargle in venereal
 sore-throats, or an injection in gonorrhoea.   Ex-
 ternally,  it is applied in cases  of tetter, and to
 destroy fungus, or stimulate old ulcers.  Dose,
 gr. 1-16  to  gr.  1-8,  in  pill, once in twenty-four
 hours.  White of egg is the best antidote to it,
 when taken  in an overdose.
   The Yellow Wash, Aqua phageda'nica, Lo'tio
 Hydrar' gyri flava, Phagedenic  Waeh, is made by
 adding corrosive eublimate to lime-water, usually
 in the proportion of fifteen grains to half a pint.
 It is a common application to syphilitic sores.
   Hydrargyri Pehiodidum, II. Iodidum rubrum
 —h. Permurias, Hydrargyri oxymurias—h. Pro-
 to-iodidum, H. Iodidum— h. Proto-ioduretum, II.
 Iodidum—h. Proto-tartras, H. tartras — h. Prus-
 sias, II. cyanuretum—h. Saccharum vermifugum,
 Hydrargyrum  saccharatum — h. Subchloridum,
 11.  Submurias—h. Subiodidum, H. Iodidum.
   Hydrargyri Submu'rias, H. Chlor'idum seu
 Stibchlor'iduui  seu  Cfilor'idum  mite  (Ph. U.  S.).
 Calom'elae,  Calomel anoe Torque'ti,  Ctilom'eli,
 Hydrar'gyrtim murialicum mite, Draco mitiga'tue,
 Submu'rias hydrargyri mitis, Shbmu'rias Hydrar-
 gyri sublima'tum, Mercu'riue dulcie seu duicie  sn-
 blima'tue;.— when  precipitated, M. dulcis preci-
 pita'tue, JL sublima'tus dulcis,  M. Zo'ticue  Hart-
 man'ni,—Panace'a Mercuria'lie (when nine times
 sublimed),   Muriae   hydrargyri  dulcie   subli-
 ma'tus, Aq'uila, Manna Metallo'rum, Panchy-
 mago'gum utinera'le, P.  Qitereeta'nus, mild Chlo-
 ride, protochloride,  eubmuriate, eubchloride,  or
 mild Muriate of Mercury, Calomel, (¥.) Mercure
 dotix,  Protochlorure de mercure.  Mild chloride
 of mercury is thus directed to be prepared in the
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States: — Mercury,
 Ibiv; Sulphuric Acid, lt>iij ; Chloride of Sodium,
 Ibiss ;  Distilled water, a sufficient quantity.  Boil
 two. pounds  of the mercury with the sulphuric
 acid, until the sulphate of  mercury  is left dry.
 Rub this, when  cold, with the  remainder of the
 mercury,  in  an  earthenware mortar, until they
 are  thoroughly  mixed.   Then  add the chloride
 of sodium, and rub it with the other ingredients
 till all the  globules  disappear: afterwards  su-
 blime.  Reduce the sublimed  matter to a very
 fine powder,  and wash it frequently with boiling-
 distilled water, till the washings afford no precipi-
 tate upon the addition of liquid ammonia; then
 dry  it.  Propertiee.  Antisyphilitic  and  siala-
gogue: in large doses, purgative.  Doee :  one or il
two grains given at night gradually excite ptya- ||
lism.   Gr. v to xx, purge.  Children bear larger I
 doses than adults.                              |j
   The Black Wash, Lo'tio Hydrar'gyri nigra,
 is formed of calomel, 3'jj  Lime-water, Oj.  Used
 for syphilitic sores.
   Hydrargyri  Submurias  Ammoniatum,  Hy-
 drargyrum praecipitatum — h. Subsulphas flavus,
 Ilydrargyrus vitriolatus — h. Subsulphas peroxi-
 dati, Hydragyrus vitriolatus — h.  Sulphas,  Hy-
 drargyrus vitriolatus, Hydrargyri sulphas flavus.
   Hydrargyri Sulphure'tum Nigrum, H. eul-
 ph nre'tum cum eulphure,  Hydrargyr us  seu Mer-
 cur ine cum  sulphure,  H. e eulphure,  JEthiops
 minera'li8, Pulvia hypnolicua, jEthiope  narcol-
 icna, Calom'elae, (¥.) Sulfure de  mercure noir,
 Black sulphuret of mercury, Sulphuret of mercury
 with sulphur, Ethiops mineral.   (Hydrarg.,  Sul-
 phur, aa Ibj.   Rub together till the globules dis-
 appear,  Ph.  U. S.).  Used chiefly in scrofulous
 and  cutaneous affections.   Dose, gr. x to £$s.
   Hydrargyri Sulphure'tum  Rubrum, H. Bi-
 8tilphure'tum, Hydrargyrue  eitl.phura'tue  ruber,
 Mi ilium purum seu Graco'rum, Magnee cpilep'-
 sia,  Ammion, Purpuris'sum,  Mercurius Cinna-
 barlnna, Cinnab'arie,  Cittab'aris,  Cinaba'rium,
 Bisulphiiret or Red Sulphuret  of Mercury, Cin'-
 nabar,   Cin'oper,  Vermilion,  (¥.) Sulfure  de
 Mercure  rouge,  Cinabre,  Cinnabre.  (Hydrarg.
 3x1  ; Sulphur, 3jviij.  Mix the mercury with the
 sulphur  melted over the fire; and as soon as the
 mass begins to swell remove the vessel from the
 fire,  and cover it with  considerable force to  pre-
 vent eombustion.  Rub the mass into powder and
 sublime.  (Ph. U. S.)
   It is   an antisyphilitic,  but is chiefly used in
 fumigation against venereal ulcers  of  the nose,
 mouth, and throat;—%ss being thrown on a red-
 hot  iron. This preparation is the basis of a nos-
 trum, called Boerhaave'e Red Pill.
   Hydrargyri Supehmurias, H. oxymurias—h.
 Supernitras, see Hydrargyri nitras.
   Hydrargyri Tartras, H. Proto-tartrae, Tar-
 trate of  Mercury.  Antisyphilitic.  Dose, one or
 two  grains twice a day.
   Hydrargyri et  Arsenici Iodidum, Arsenic
 and  Mercury, iodide of.             •
   Hydrar'gyri et  Qui'nijb Proto-chlo'ridum,
 Protodtloride of Mercury  and  Quinia.   A com-
 bination  of mild chloride of mercury and quinia,
 administered in obstinate cutaneous diseases
   HYDRARGYRIA, Eczema mercuriale.
   HYDRARGYRFASIS,  Hydrargyro'eie, from
 'vipapyvpos, 'mercury.'  A  disease induced by the
 use of mercury;  Morbua Mercuria'lis, (¥.) Mala-
 die Mercurielle.  Poisoning by mercury.  Eczema
 mercuriale.   Also, the phenomena produced by
 mercury  on  the organism, Mercu'rialism, Mer-
 cur i all em' ue.
   HYDRARGYRICUM, Mercurial.
   HYDRARGYRIUM, Mercurial.
   HYDRARGYROSIS, Eczema mercuriale, Hy-
 drargyriasis.
   HYDRARGYRO-STOMATITIS,  see  Saliva-
 tion, mercurial, and Stomatitis, mercurial
   HYDRARGYROTRIPSIS, Hydrargyra-
 natripsis.
   HYDRAR'G YRUM, Hydrar'gyrue, from 'viwp,
 'water,' and apyvpos, 'silver;' Mercu'rius, Argen-
 tum  vivttm seu mo'bile seu  fusum seu fugiti'vum
 seu  liq'uidum, Missadan,  Fumua  albue, Lorn*,
 Area arcano'rum, Da'dalue, Mater metallo'rum,
 Mercury, Quick'silver, formerly Argent-iire, (¥.)
 Mercure,  M.  cm, Vifi Argent.  A fluid, brilliant
 metal; of a slightly bluish white  colour; fluid
 above —39°  of Fahr. and under  656°.  S. g.,
 when liquid, 13.568 (Cavendish); easily oxydized.
 Metallic  quicksilver  does  not act on the body,
even when taken into the stomach.  When oxy-
dized, and combined with acids, it acts powerfully.
 It has been exhibited in cases  of constriction of
the bowels and in intussusception, from a notion 
HYDRARGYRUS            471              HYDREL.EON
 that it must certainly pass through the bowels by
 its gravity.  The water, in which mercury has
 been boiled, has been recommended as a vermi-
 fuge; but it probably enjoys no such property, as
 chemical tests do not exhibit the presence of the
 metal.  When the crude metal is distilled in an
 iron  retort, it forms  the Hydrar'gyrum puri-
 fica'tum.
   Hydrargyrum  Ammoniato-Muriaticum, H.
 praecioitatuin—h. Ammoniatum, II. praecipitatum
 —h.  Biiodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum—h.
 Biiod.itum cum kalio iodato, Potassii hydrargyro-
 iodiilum—h. Borussicum, Hydrargyri cyanuretum
 —h.  Cyanogenatum, Hydrargyri cyanuretum.
   Hydrargyri m cum Creta  (Ph. U. S.), Hy-
 drar'yy rue cum creta, Mercuriua alkuliailtite, Mer-
 cury  with chalk,  jft'thtoj,8  alcalisa'tus, Gray
 powder, (¥.) Mercure ar.ec la craie.  (Hydrarg.
 Jfiij;  Creta p-aparat. gv.   Rub  them together
 till the  globules  disappear.  Ph. U. S.)  A pro-
 toxide of mercury, formed by trituration  with
 carbonate of lime.   It  is  somewhat uncertain;
 and consequently not much employed as a mer-
 curial.  It possesses the properties of the black
 oxide of mercury, and may be advantageously ex-
 hibited in cases of diarrhoea in children, depend-
 ent upon  acidity and vitiated secretions.   Dose,
 gr. v to ^ss, twice a day, in any viscid substance.
   Hydrargyrum cum Magne'sia of the  Dublin
 Pharmacopoeia resembles it in properties.
   Hydrargyrum  Hydrocyanicum, Hydrargyri
 cyanuretum—h. Iodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum—
 h. Iodatum cum chlorido Mercurii, Mercury, io-
 dide  of chloride of—h. Iodatum flavum, Hydrar-
 gyri  iodidum—h. Iodatum rubrum, Hydrargyri
 iodidum  rubrum — h.  Iodidulatum, Hydrargyri
 iodidum—h. Muriaticum  Mite, Hydrargyri sub-
 murias—h. Nitricum, Hydrargyri  niti*as—h. Pe-
 riodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum.
   Hydrargyrum Pr-ecii'ita'tch, H. ammoni a'-
 turn (Ph. U. S.), H. ammonia to-muriat'icum, Hy-
 drar'gyri  ammo'nio-chlo'ridum, Mercuriua  coa-
 met'icua, Mu'riae oxidi hydrargyri aiuntoniaca'lie,
 M. hydrar'i/yri eub-oxygena'tua pracipitatio'ue-
 para'tus,  Submit' riae  ammoni'aco-hydrargyr'i-
 cti8,  S.  Hydrargyri  ammoniatum seu  Praci-
 pita'tum,  Calx Hydrargyri alba, Pracipita'ttim
 album, Ammo'nio-chloride  of  Mercury,  White
 precip'itate of Mercury, White precipitate,  Cal-
 ciiia'tum majus Pote'rii, (¥.) Soiisiiiuriate de mer-
 cure  prScipitS  ou  PrScipitS blanc.  (Hydrarg.
 chlorid. corros. ^vj ; aquae deetillat. cong.,  Liquor
 ammonia,  f^viij.  Dissolve the chloride  in the
 water, with the aid of heat, and to  the  solution,
 when  cold, add  the solution  of  ammonia, fre-
 quently stirring.   Wash the precipitate  till it is
 tasteless, and dry it —Ph. U. S.)
   A peroxide, combined with muriatic acid  and
 ammonia,  forming a triple salt.   It  is used in
 powder,  to destroy  vermin;  and, united with
 2ard,  for the same purpose, as well as in scabies
 and some other cutaneous affections..
   Hydrargyrum  Sacchara'tum, JE'thiope  eac-
 chara'tue,  Mercu'riue eacchara'tus,  Ox'idum hy-
 drariji/ri  succhara'tum,  Sac'charum hydrargyri
 vermif'ugiim.  A mild mercurial formula in seve-
 ral of the Pharmacopoeias of continental Europe;
 formed by triturating one part of mercury with
 two of white sugar.  It is used in  the venereal
 affections of children.
   Hydrargyrum  Zooticdm, Hydrargyri cyanu-
 retum.
   HYDRARGYRUS, Jlydrargyrum.
   Hydrargyrus Aceta'tus, Sperma mereu'rii,
 Terra folia'ta mereu'rii, Mercuriua aceta'tus, Hy-
 drarg i/ri Ace'tns,  Acetas seu  Proto-ace'tae Hy-
drargyri, Ac"etate of mercury.   This was  the
basis of Ket/ser'a pille, and was  once much cele-
brated in the cure of the venereal disease.  The
[ dose is  from three to  five grains, but it is not
 much used.
|   The formula  for Keyaer'e anti-venereal pille
i Was  as  follows: — Hydrarg.  Acet. ^iv; Manna,
 ^xxx;  Ainyl. ^ij;  Muc. G.  Tray. q. s.   To be
j made into pills of gr. vj each.  Dose, two pills.
   Hydrargyrus Calcinatus,  Hydrargyri oxy-
 dum rubrum — h. cum  Creta, Hydrargyrum cum
I creta — h. Muriatus, Hydrargyri oxymurias — h.
 Xitratus ruber, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
   Hydrargyrus Phosphora'tus, Phoephuret'ted
 mercury.  Thia  preparation  has  been  recom-
 mended in cases of inveterate venereal  ulcers,
 but is now scarcely used.
   Hydrargyrus Sulphuretus Ruber, Hydrar-
 gyri sulphuretum   rubrum — h. cum Sulphure,
 Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum—h.  e Sulphure,
 Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum.
   HydrargY*rs Vitriola'tus, Turpe'thum mi-
 nera'le,  Mercuriue  emet'icua fiavue  seu caue'ticus
 flavue seu lu'tetts, Hydrargyri sulphas seu sulphas
 flavus (Ph. U. S.),  Subeulphae Hydrargyri flavus,
 Oxydum hydrargyri  sufphu'ricum,  Subsulphas
 hydrargyri peroxida'ti, Calx mereu'rii vitriola'ta,
 Turbith min'eral, (¥.) Soussttlfate de mercure ou
 turbith  mineral.  (Hydrarg.  ,giv;  Acid.  Sulph.
 t^vj.  Mix in a glass vessel,  and boil in  a sand-
 bath till a dry, white  mass remains.  Rub this
 into  powder,  and  throw it  into  boiling  water.
 Pour off the  liquor, and wash the  yellow preci-
 pitated  powder repeatedly with hot water: then
 dry it—Ph. U. S.)   Two grains of this mercurial
 act  on the stomach violently.  It is  sometimes
 recommended as an errhine in amaurosis.   *
   HYDRARTIIRON, Hydrarthrus.
   HYDRARTHROS, Hydrarthrus.
   HYDRARTHROSIS, Hydrarthrus.
   HYDRAR'TIIRUS,  Hydurthrus, II. synovia'
 lis, Hydrops articulo'rum, Hydrarthron, Hydrar'-
 tliros, Melice'ria, Spina, rento'ea of Rhazes and
 Avicenna, Arthritis Hydrar'thros, Hydarthro'eia,
 Hydrarthrosis,  Emmyx'ium  articultlre,   Tumor
 ulbits, White  ewelling;  from  'viwp, 'water,' and
 apSpov, •' a joint.'  (F.)  Tumenr  blanche, T. lym-
 phatique dee articulations.   The French surgeons
 apply the term Hydrarthrue to dropsy of  the ar-
 ticulations-  White  swelling is an extremely for-
 midable  disease.  It may attack any one  of the
 joints; but is most commonly  met with  in tho
 knee, the haunch, the foot, the elbow, and gene-
 rally occurs in scrofulous children.   It consists,
 at times, in  tumefaction, and softening  of  the
 soft parts  and ligaments, which surround  the
 joints; at others, in swelling and  caries of tho
 articular  extremities of bones: or  both these
 states may exist at the same time.  The  treat-
 ment consists  in the employment of counter-irri-
 tants; the use of iodine  internally and externally,
 Ac.   Also, Synovia.
  HYDRAS'PIS EXPAN'SA, Great freshwater
 Tortoise.  On the sandy banks of rivers in Peru
 this animal buries its eggs, from which the Indians
 extract oil.  Its flesh supplies well-flavoured food.
—Tschudi.
  HYDRASTIS, H. Canadensis.
  Hydras'tis Canadensis, Hydrastis, (perhaps
from  'viwp,  'water,' and ipaw,  ' I  am active,')
 Warnera  Canaden'sis,  Hydrophyllum  verum,
 Cana'dian Hydrastis, Yellow Root, Orange Root,
 Yellow  Puecoon,  Ground  Rusp'bcrry,  Yellow
Paint, Golden  Seal, lu'dian Paint,  Eyebalm.
Nat.  Ord.  Ranunculaceae.   It is used in  Ken-
tucky as  a 'mouth water,' and as an outward ap-
plication  in wounds and local inflammations.
  HYDRA'TION, Hydra'tio, from 'viwp, 'water.'
Impregnation  or moistening with water;  as Hy-
dratS  means   impregnated or  moistened with
water.
  HYDRELiE'ON,  Hydrola'um, from  'v&ve, 
HYDRELYTRON
472
HYDROCEPHALUS
'watet/ and tXatov, 'oil.'  A mixture of water
and oii.
  HYDRELYTRON, see Hydrocele.
  HYDREMA, CEdema.
  HYDRENCEPHALITIS, Hydrocephalus in-
ternus.
  HYDRENCEPHALIUM, Hydrocephalus in-
ternus.
  HYDRENCEPHALOCE'LE,   Hydrocephalo-
ce'le,  from 'viwo, 'water/ tyKt<paXus, 'the ence-
phalon,' and KnXn, 'rupture, protrusion.'  A mon-
strosity in which there is a fissure of the cranium,
the integument of the  head being  present,  and
forming a hernial sac in which the brain lies  out-
side  the  skull—the sac containing a large quan-
tity of serous fluid.  Also, Hydrocephalus chro-
nicus.
  HYDRENCEPHALON,  see   Hydrocephalus
chronicus.
  HYDRENCEPH'ALOID, from 'viwp, 'water,'
tyKtipaXos, 'the brain/  and  ttios, 'resemblance.'
Resembling hydrencephalus.  Hydrencepllaloid
disease, Spil finite hydrocephalus,  Paeudo-ence-
phalltie.   Disorders of the  bowels, and exhaus-
tion in children, are at times attended with hy-
drencephaloid symptoms.
  HYDRENCEPHALUS, Hydrocephalus inter-
nus.                   _
  HYDRENTEROCE'LE, from 'viwp, 'water,'
tvrtpov, ' intestine,'- and KnXn, ' a tumour.'  Intes-
tinal hernia, the sac of which encloses fluid.
  II YD RENTEROMPHALOCE'LE,  Hydrente-
rom'pha/ue, from 'viwp, 'water/ tvrtpov,  'intes-
tine,' outpaXos, ' umbilicus/ and  KnXn,  ' rupture.'
Umbilical hernia with intestine and water in the
sac
  II Y D R E NTEROMPHALUS, Hydrenterom-
phalocele.
  HYDRUPIGASTRIUM, see Ascites.
  IIYDREPIPLOCE'LE, from   'viwp, 'water/
fjuAuoi, ' omentum,' and KnXn, ' rupture.'  Omen-
tal hernia, with water in the sac.
  HYDREPIPLOM'PHALUS,/fyciV<^>/o»^a-
loce'le, from  'ui5a>p,  ' water,' tiriirXoov, 'omentum,'
and optpaXos, ' umbilicus.'   Umbilical hernia, with
omentum and water in the sac.
  IIYDRETRUM. Ascites.
  MYDRIASIS,  llydrosudotherapeia.
  HYDRIATKR, see Hydropathic.
  HYDRIATRIA, Hydrosudotherapeia.
  HYDRIATRICA ARS, Hydrosudotherapeia.
  HYDRIATRICUS, see Hydropathic.
  HYDRIATRUS, see Hydropathic.
  HYDRIODAS KALICUS, see  Potassae  hy-
driodas.
  HYDRIODIC ACID, see Acid, hydriodic
  IIYDRO'A,  Hidro'a,  Aqu'ula, Boa,  Planta
noctis, from 'viwp, ' water.'  An  affection, which
consists in an  accumulation  of  water  or  serous
fluid  under the epidermis.   Some have used hy-
dro a synonymously with endatuina ; others  with
pemphigus.  In the first case, it has generally,
however,   been   written   hidro'a,  from  'tipws,
'sweat,' and in tbe latter hydro'a.  See Hydatid.
  H Y D R 0 ,E ' M I A, Hydra'mia,  Hamyd'ria ;
from 'virnp, 'water,' and 'aipa, 'blood.'  Anaemia.
The state of the  blood in whieh  the  watery  con-
stituents are in excess.
  HYDRO A EROPL E URIE, Hydropneumo-
thorax.
  HYDROA'RION,  Hydro'dph'oron,   Hydroo-
phor'ia,  Hydro'd'rium, Hydroova'rium. Hy'drnpa
ovu'rii, Ascites ovarii, A. eacca'tue, (F.) Hydro-
pieie de lovaire, from 'viwp,' water,',and waptov,
' ovarium.'  Drops}* of the ovarium.
  HYDROATA,  Sudamina.
  HYDROBLEPH'ARON, Hy'drope Palpebra,
Blepharaede'ma  aquo'sitm,  QZde'ma  palpebra'-
rum.  An oedema or watery swelling of the eye-
lids ; from 'viwp, 'water,' and.OXttpapov, ' eyelid.'
  HYDROCACHEXIA, Lcucophlegmatia.
  HYDROCARDIA,  Hydropericardium, see Pe-
ricardium.
  IIYDROCATARRIIOPHE'SIS,  Hydrocttar-
rhoph'ia, from 'viwp, ' water/ and Karappo^ur, ' to
sip  up.'   Absorption of water from without.
  HYDROCE'LE, Hydrops Scroti seu tt*ticulo'-
rnin, Hydroscheoce'/e,  Hydatoce'le, Hydros'chenm,
Hydror'chia, HydroachSouie, (Alibert,) from  'viwp,
'water/ and  KnXn, 'a tumour.'   A  term  gene-
rally applied to a collection of  serous  fluid  in
the areolar texture of the scrotum  or in  some
of the  coverings, either of the  testicle or  sper-
matic cord.   To the first of these  varieties the
names — External  Hydrocele,  II. cedemato'dee,
(¥.) H. par infiltration have been given ; and to.
the second, those of Hydroce'le  inter'na, II. tu'-
nica vagina'lis tes'tie, Hydrelytrott,  (¥.) H. par
Spancheiuent.   When the collection occurs in the
envelope of the testicle,  it is  called H. of the
tunica  vaginalie;  and the epithet congenital  is
added, when the interior  of the membrane,  in
which it is situate, still communicates freely with
the cavity of the abdom'en.  When it exists in the
spermatic chord, it is  called encysted, or diffnaed
Hydrocele of the spermatic cord, as the case may
be.  Tbe tumour of the distended scrotum is ob-
long: greater below  than above; indolent and
semi-transparent.   When  it becomes  inconve-
niently  large, the  fluid  may be evacuated by
puncturing with  a trocar, but, as it  collects
again,  this  operation  can only be considered
palliative.  The radical cure consists, usually,  in
injecting, through  the canula of the trocar, which
has been 4eft  in, after  puncturing, some irritating
liquid, as wine.  This  is kept in the tunica vagi-
nalis  for  a few minutes,  and then  withdrawn.
The coat inflames; adhesion takes place, and the
cavity is obliterated.
  Hydrocele of  the Neck.  A tumour,  filled
with a watery fluid, occupying some portion  of
the neck.
  Hydrocele Peritonei, Ascites — h.  Spinalis,
Hydroraehis.
  HYDROCENO'SIS, from  'viwp,  'water,' and
Ktvwoiq,  'evacuation.'   The evacuation of water
morbidly accumulated in the body.
  UYDROCEPHALE, Hydrocephalus.
  HYDROCEPHALE AIGUE, Hydrocephalas
internus.
  HYDROCEPHALICS, Hydrocephalus inter-
nus.
  HYDROCEPHALIC!,  Hydrocephalus.
  II Y D R 0 C E P HALOCELE, Hydrencephalo-
C-cle.
  // YDR 0 CEP HAL OE CTASIE, Hydrocepha-
lus chronicus.
  HYDROCEPHALUS,  HydrocepJlalum,  Hy-
drocra'nia,   Hydrocra'nium,  Hydrocephal ium,
Hyilroceph'ale, Hydrops  Cap'itie seu  Cer'ebri,
from  'viwp,  'water,'   and  KtipaXn,   'the  head.
 Water in the head, Dropsy of the head. Dropsy
of the  brain.  A collection of water within the
head.  It may be internal or external.
  Hydrocephalus  Acutus, H. internus — h.
Acutus  senum, Apoplexy, serous —h. Adnatus,
see II. chronicus—h. Congenitus, see H. chronicus
— h. Externus, II. chronicus —h. Meningeus,  H.
internus.
  Hydrocephalus Chron'icus, Hydreucepha-
loce'le, Hydrope Cap'itia sou arachmndto-. Hy-
drocephalus externus, (¥.)  HydrocSphale, Hydro-
cSphaloectaeie of some, may exist at birth.   Hy-
drenceph'olon,  Hydrocephalue   congen'itue  seu
adnatus commonly commences at an early period 
HYDROCHAMAIMELUM       473           HYDRO-ENTERO
of existence, and the accumulation of fluid gradu-
ally produces distension of the brain, and of the
skull, with separation of the sutures.  It  com-
monly proves fatal before pubertv.
  Hydrocephalus Externus,  (Ede'ma cap'itis,
Cepltaloede'mu of some, is a mere infiltration into !
the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the cranium.  I
  Hydrocephalus  Inter'nus,  Hydrocephalus
neii'tus seu meninge.'ue, Hydrops  cer'ebri, Ence-
phalal'gia hydrop'ica, Encephalltie exettdato'ria,
Encephalltie seu  Meningitis Infinitum seu hy-
drocephalica, Morbua cerebra'lia Whyt'lii, En'-
tero-cephalop'yra   Infan'tum,   Hydrophloqo'eis
 Ventricu/o'ritm cer'ebri,  Encephalodlysis, Phre-
nic'ula hydrocephalica,  Hydrenceph'ulue, Hy-
drencephali'tia, Hydrencephalium, Hydrocepha-
lics,  Hydromeningltis,  Febrie  seu  Apoplex'ia
hydrocephal ica,   Came   hydrocephalus,   Water
Brain Fever, Why tie Disease, (¥.) Hydrocephale
aign'e, Filvre cSrSbrale dee  En fane,  is  generally-
seated, according to modern observers, in the
meninges and surface of the encephalon, and is a
tuber'cttlar meningltie, Meningltie  tuberculoma,
Encephaloetrumo'sis,  Gran'ular  or Scrophit'lotts
meningltie, (¥.) MSningite tuberculeuse ou granu-
leuee,  PadencSphalie. — Piorry.   It is observed
particularly in childhood. Its march is extremely
acute and often very rapid;  admitting, generally,
however, of division into three stages.  Tbe symp-
toms of the first etage are those of general febrile
irritation, with head-ache, intolerance of light and
Bound, delirium, Ac.  Those of the second, which
generally denote that the inflammation has ended
in effusion, are, great slowness of pulse, crying out
as if in distress, moaning, dilated pupil,  squint-
ing, Ac;  and lastly, in the third stage — pro-
found stupor, paralysis, convulsions, involuntary
evacuations,  quick pulse, and frequently death.
The disease is of uncertain duration; sometimes,
destroying in two or three days; at others, ex-
tending to two or three  weeks.  The prognosis
is unfavourable.   The treatment must  be active
during the stage of excitement, — precisely that
which is necessary in phrenitis.  In  the  second
stage, the indication is;—to promote  the absorp-
tion of the effused fluid.  This must be done by
counter-irritants, and mercury, chiefly.  On dis-
section, water is generally found in the ventricles,
or at the base of the brain; or there are evidences
of previous vascular excitement, as  effusions of
 ooagulable lymph, Ac.
   Hydrocephalus  Spurius,  Hydrencephaloid,
 (disease.)
   HYDROCHAMAIMELUM, Infusum anthemi-
dis.
   HYDROCHEZIA, Diarrhoea serosa.
   HYDROCHLORATE D'OR, see  Gold.
   HYDROCHLORINAS NATRICUS, Soda,
muriate of.
   HYDROCTIOLECYTSTIS,  Turgescentia  vesi-
culae felleae.
   HYDROCH'YSES, (G.)Hydrochysen. from
'viwp, 'water,' and xva,s>  'effusion.'  A family of
diseases, according to the classification  of Fuchs,
in which there is a sudden effusion of serous fluid,
as in serous apoplexy, hydrocephalus, Ac.
 • HYDROCIRSOCE'LE, Hygrocireoce'le, Hy-
groce'le, from  'viwp, 'water/ Kipoos,  'varix/ and
KnXn, 'tumour.'  A tumour, formed  by the vari-
cose distension of  the veins of the spermatic cord,
and  by the accumulation of serous  fluid in the
areolar texture of the scrotum.
  HYDROCCELIA, Ascites.
  HYDROCONIUM, Bath, shower.
  HYDROCOT'YLE ASIAVICA,Codagam,Pee-
cqui'nue, Aaiat'ic  Pen'nywort.  Order, Umbelli-
ferae.  A  plant of ludia, Cape of Good Hope,
 and Jamaica, where it is supposed to be pos=cs=od
 of astringent and diuretic properties. The leaves
 are applied to bruised parts to prevent inflamma-
 tion.  The Hydrocotyle has  recently been ex-
 tolled, in India, as a  remedy for lepra.
   Hydrocot'yle  Centel'la.   A South  African
 plant, the roots and  stalks of which are astrin-
 gent; and used in diarrhcea and dysentery.
   Hydrocotyle Umbellatim, Acaricoba.
   HYDROCRANIA, llvdrocephalus.
   HYDROCRAN1UM, Hydrocephalus.
   HYDROCRITIIE, Decoctum Hordei.
   HYDROCYAN'IC ACID, Ac"idum Hydrocy-
 an'icttm;  from 'viwp, 'water/ and  kvuvos, 'blue.
 Prussic Acid,  Ac"idum Prus'sicum sen Burns'-
 aicum seu Zoot'icum  seu Zootin'icum, Cymiohy'-
 .dric or Cyanhy'dric  Acid, (F.) Acide  Hydrn-
 cyanique ou Prueeique.   This acid exists in a
 great variety of native combinations in the vege-
 table kingdom, and imparts to them certain pro-
 perties, which have  been  long known  and  es-
 teemed;  as  in the bitter almond,  cherry laurtlj
 leaves of the peach tree, kernele of firm'/, jiipa of
 apples, Ac.  When concentrated,  it is  liquid, co-
 lourless, of a strong smell and taste, at first cool,
 afterwards burning.  Its s. g.  at 7° Centigrade, is
 0.7058.   It is very volatile, and enters into ebul-
 lition at 80°  Fahr.   It  speedily undergoes de-
 composition, sometimes in less than an hour, and
 consists of a peculiar gazeous and highly inflam-
 mable  compound of  carbon and azote, to which
 the name Cyan'ogen  has been assigned; and of
 hydrogen, which acts as the acidifying principle:
 hence its name Hydrocyanic acid.   In the Phar-
 macopoeia of the United States,  (1851,)  two for-
 mulae for the preparation of the  Ac"idum hydro-
 cyan'icum dililtum — Ac"idum hydrocyan'icum,
 Ph. U. S. of 1842 — are given; the ope  from the
 Ferro-cyanuret of Potassium ;  the  other from the
 Cyanuret of Silver.  According to  Magendie, the
 acid, prepared after Scheele's method — the one
 in common use—is of irregular medicinal power:
 he,  therefore,, recommends Gay Lussac's  acid,
 diluted with 6 times  its  volume,  or 8.5 times its
 weight of distilled water, for medicinal purposes,
 and this  he calls Medic"inal  Prusaic Acid.  Dr.
 Ure has proposed, that the specific gravity should
 indicate that which is proper for medicinal exhi-
 bition ; and, after comparative experiments of the
 gravity of the  acids, obtained by  different pro-
 cesses, he states, that the acid, usually prescribed,
 is of s. g. 0.996 or 0.997.  Great caution is, how-
 ever, necessary.   One drop of pure prussic acid
 may instantly destroy,  and  the  animal show
 hardly any  traces of irritability, a few moments
 after death.   It has been  advised in laryngeal
 phthisis, in  pulmonary  phthisis, pulmonary  in-
 flammation and irritation, dyspepsia, uterine affec-
 tions, hectic cough, cancer, chronic rheumatism,
 and mania, and as a local remedy in impetiginous
 affections; but, although possessed of powerful
 sedative  properties,  it is so unmanageable  and
 the preparation so uncertain, that it is not much
 used.  The Doae of Scheele's Acid, or of the Me-
 dicinal Prueaic Acid, is from a quarter of a drop
 to two drops.
   HYDROCYS'TIS,  from 'viwp,  'water/  and
 kvotis, 'a bladder.'  A cyst containing a watery
 or serous fluid.  An hydatid.  Also,  saccated
 ascites.
   HYDRODERMA,  Anasarca.
   HYDRODES, Aqueous.
   HYDRODIARRHCEA, Diarrhoea, serous.
   HYDRCEDEMA, CEdema.
   HYDRO-ENCEPHALORRHEE, Apoplexy,
 serous.
!   HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOCE'LK,  Hydro-
 epiplo-enteroce'le;  from  'viwp, 'water,?  siti^ov,
 'intestine/  and  tirorXoov   'omentum.'  Eute^o. 
HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOMPIIALUM   474           HYDROPATHIC
epiploeele,  the  sac  of  which contains a serous
fluid.
  HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PIIALUM,
from 'viwp,  ' water/ tvrtpov, ' an  intestine,'  tirt-
rr>'joi\ ' tho caul/ and optpaXos, ' the navel.'  Um-
bilical hernia, the sac of which contains intestine,
epiploon, and serum.
  II YDRO-EXTEROM'PHALUM,  Hydrente-
roitt'pkaluni; from 'viwp, 'water,' tvrtpov, 'an in-
testine,'  and opipaXos,  'the  umbilicus.'  Hernia
umbilicalis, the  sac of which  contains intestine
and serum.
  HYDRO-EPIPLOCE'L'E, from 'viwp, 'water,'
tirtirXouv, 'omentum,' and 10/A17, 'a tumour.'  Her-
ni-i, formed by omentum, the sac of which con-
tains serum.
  HYDRO-EPIPLO ENTEROCELE,  Hydro-
entcro-erdplocele.
  HYDRO-EPIPLOMPH'ALUM,  from  'viwp,
'water,'  tirnrXoov, 'the omentum,'  and opupaXos,
'the umbilicus.'   Umbilical hernia,  the sac  of
which contains epiploon and serum.
  HYDROG'ALA, from lviwp, 'water,' and yaXa,
'milk.'   A mixture  of  water and milk.
  HYDROGASTER, Ascites.
  H Y ' D R 0 G E N, Hydrogen'ium, Infiam'mable
air, Phlogie''ton, Princip'iuin hydrogenet'iaum seu
hydrolicum,  Mephitis infiammab'ilis, (¥.)  Hy-
drogliie, Air inflammable, Gaz dee ballone, from
'viwp,  ' water/  and ytvvaw, ' I  produce'  This
gas, when breathed, proves fatal from containing
no  oxygen.  When  diluted with two-thirds of at-
mospheric air, it occasions some diminution  of
muscular power and sensibility, and a reduction
of the force of the  circulation.  It has been  re-
spired in catarrh, haemoptysis, and phthisis.
  IlrnRO^EX. Carburet'ted,  Inflain'mable  air,
Fin il-imjk of miners, (F.) Hydroglne  carbonS
ou  proto-caAionS,  Grisou— obtained  by  pasS-'
ing the  vapour of water  over charcoal, at the
temperature  of  ignition, in an  iron  tube—has
been found possessed of similar properties, when
diluted, and has been used in like cases.
  Hydrogen, Protoxide  of, Water.
  Hydrogen, Sulphuretted, Hydroaulph'uric,
 Suljlihy'dric, Snlphohydric or Hydrothion'ic acid,
 Hyd, "thi'on, Gaz hepat'icum  seu hydrogen'in in
 inloli nra'turn. Mephitis hepat'ica, (¥.) Hydroglne
titlj'ttri', Acide hydrosulfiirique, Air puant ou hS-
patique, may be disengaged from any of  the sul-
phurets by the addition of a strong acid.   It is a
violent poison, but has been recommended  to be
inhaled, diluted, to  allay the increased irritability
which  occasionally exists after diseases of  the
lungs.   See Hydro-sulphuretted Water.
  HYDROGENATION, see HydrogSnlaea.
  HYDROGENE, Hydrogen — h.  CarbonS ou
protocarbonS, Hydrogen, carburetted—h. SulfurS,
Hydrogen, sulphuretted.
  HYDROGENESES. Baumes gives this name
to  diseases which he fancifully considers to  de-
pend upon disturbed hydrogenation.  In it he in-
cludes intermittent and remittent fevers.
  HYDROGENO-  SULPHURETUM  AMMO-
NIACiE  LIQUIDUM, Ammoniae sulphuretum.
  HYDROGLOSSA, Ranula.
  HYDROGRAPHY,  see  Hydrology.
.  HYDROHEMIE, Anaemia, Hydroaemia.
  HYDROHYMENI'TIS, Orrhohymenltia, from
 'viwo. 'water,' 'vpnv, 'a membrane,' and  itis, de-
noting inflammation.   Inflammation of a serous
membrane.
  HYDROHYSTERA, Hydrometra.
  HYDROLJEUM, Ilydrelaeon.
  HYDROLAP ATHUM, Rumex hydrolapathum.
  HYDROLATA, Aquae destillatae.
  HYDROLATS,  Aquae  destillatae, Water, dis-
tilled.
|   HYDROLE, Decoction, Fomentation, Lotion,
 Mucilage, Potion, Tisane.  See llydroliefc.
   HYDROL'ICA, (F.) Hydroliquea, from  'viwp,
'I 'water.'  Watery solutions of the active princi-
j' pics of medicinal agents.  Those prepared by so-
] lution or admixture are  termed, by some of the
| modern French pharmaciens, HydrolSe ; those by
 distillation, Hydrolate.
|   HYDROLIQUES, Hydrolica.
   HYDRO LITE, Decoction, Mucilage, Potion.
!   HYDROL'OGY, Hydrolof'ia, from 'viwp, ' wa-
I ter/and Xoyos, ' a discourse'  A treatise on water.
 By the term  Medical Hydrology is meant that
 part of physics, whose ohject is  the study of wa-
l ter, considered as it respects  medicine; and, con-
 sequently,  embracing that  of  mineral waters. ,_
 Medical Hydrog'raphy comprises the study of the
i influence exerted by the  sea or by navigation on
' the health  of  man.
   HYDROLOTIF, Fomentation, Lotion.
   HYDROMA'NIA, from  'viwp,  'water/ and
 paint, ' mania.' A  name  given by Strarabi  to
 pellagra, in which the patient has a strong pro-
 pensity to  drown himself.
   HYDRO-MEDIASTI'NUM, Hydrops mediae-
 ti'ni. Effusion of serous fluid into the mediastinum.
   HY'DROMEL, Hydrom'eli, from 'viwp, ' water,'
 and ptXi, 'honey.'   Aqua mttlsa, Mcliti'tis,  Mul-
 sum,  Melic'ratum, Mellic'ratum,  Braggart, Medo.
 A liquid medicine, prepared with an ounce and a
 half  of honey and  a pint of tepid water.   It is
 used as  a  demulcent and laxative, and is gene-
 rally known under the names Simple hy'dromel.
  Vinous hy'dromel,  Mead,  Hydrom'eli  vino'sum,
  tEnomel, is a drink made by fermenting honey
 and water, and is much used in  some countries.
 As  a common drink, mead is often made of honey
 and some  alcoholic  liquor well  beaten  together.
 See Mahogany.
   HYDROMELLE.  A preparation formed like
 the syrups, using hydromel  in place of sugar.—
 Beral.
   HYDROMENINGITIS,   Aquo-membranitis,
 Hydrocephalus internus.
   "HYDROMETER, Areometer.
   HYDROME'TRA, Hydrome'tria,  Tlydrohye'-
 tcra,  Hydrometrecttleia,  Hysterltes, Hystercede'-
\\nia,  Hydrope  u'teri, from  'viwp,  'water,' and
I pnrpa, 'the womb.'   Dropsy of the womb.  A dis-
I ease  characterized by circumscribed protuberance
 in the hypogastrium,—with obscure fluctuation,
 progressively enlarging,  without ischury or preg-
 nancy.   If it ever occur, it must be a rare disease.
   HYDROMETRECTASIA, Hydrometra.
   HYDROM'PHALUM.  Hydrops  umbilica'lis,
  Exom'phalus  aquo'sua, Her'nia umbilici aquo'aa,
 from 'viwp, 'water,' and  opQaXos, 'the navel.'  A
  tumour, formed by  the accumulation of serum in
  the sac of umbilical hernia:  or simply by dtSten-
  sion  of the navel in cases of ascites.
   HYDROMYRIN'GA,  Hydromyrin.r, Hydrops
  tym'pani,  from 'viwp, 'water/ and myringa  or
  myrinx,  'the membrana tympani.'  Dropsy of the
  drum of the  ear;  giving rise to difficulty  of
  hearing,—Di/aeeoe'a hydrop'ica.
   HYDROMYRINX, Hydromyringa.
    HYDRONCUS, Anasarca, CEdema,
   HYDRONEPHRO'SIS, (F.)  HydronSphroae,
  HydrorSnale distension,  from 'viwp, 'water,'and
 vttppos, 'kidney.' An accumulation in the kidney,
 owing to the obstruction of the  tubes of the pa-
 pillae.—Rjiyer.
   HYDRONOSUS,  Hydrops.
   HYDRONUSUS, Hydrops.
   nYDROOARION, Hydroarion.
   HYDROOPHORON, Hydroarion.
   HYDROOVARIUM, Hydroarion.
   HYDROPATH'IC, Hydropath'icue, nydriaf-
 ricue. from 'viwp,  'water/ and iraCos, 'disease.' 
HYDROPATHY
475
HYDROPNEUMOSARCA
 Relating to hydropathy or the water-cure,—as a
 hydropathic physician, Hyddii'ter, Haldol'true.
   H\ DROPATHY, Hydrosudotherapeia.
   1I\DR0PEDE'SIS, from  'viwp,  'water,' and
 irniuw,  'I  break  out.'  Ephidro'sie.  Excessive
 sweating.
   HYDROPEGE, Water, spring
   HYDROPELTIS PURPUREA, Brasenia hy-
 dropeltis.                                   J
   HYDROPERICARDIA, Hvdropericardium.
   HYDROPERICARDITIS, 'Hydropericardium.
   HYDROPKRICAR'DIUM, Hydropericar'dia.
 Hydropericardltie, from 'viwp, ' water,' and peri-
 cardium ;   Hydrops  Pericardii, Hydrocar'dia,
 Dropsy of the periear'dium,  (¥.) Hydropiaie du
 PSric.nrde.  This is not a common disease.   Pal-
 pitations;  irregular or intermitting pulse: exces-
 sive  dyspnoea,  amounting  often  to orthopnoea,
 and dulness over a large space on  percussion, will
 cause the pericardium to bo suspected. The treat-
 ment is that of dropsies  in general.  It is, usu-
 ally, however, of the active kind.
   HYDROPERIONE, from 'viwp, 'water/ irtpi,
 'around,' and wov, ' an egg, or ovum.'  The sero-
 albuminous substance, secreted by the lining of
 the uterus prior to the arrival of the impregnated
 ovum in that cavitv.—Breschet.
   HYDROPERITONEUM, Ascites.
   HYDROPERITONIE,  Ascites.
   HYDROPHAL'LUS, from  'viwp, 'water/ and
 0aXAo;, 'the male organ.'  CEdema of the male
 organ.
   HYDROPIIIMOPIS, Phimosis  oedematodes.
   HYDROPHLEGMASIA TEXTUS  CELLU-
 LARTS, Phlegmasia alba.
   HYDROPHLOGOSIS   VENTRICULORUM
 CEREBRI,  Hvdrocephalus internus.
   HYDROPHOB'IA,  Paraphob'ia, Parophob'ia,
 Phobodip'son, Pheu'gydron, Pheiigophob'ia, Cy-
 nolys'sa, Cynolys'aum, Morbus hydropltob icus seu
 hydropllobiin, Lycan'che, Lycailchis, Aerophob'ia,
 Phrenitis  lalrane, Lytta,  Lyssa, L. cani'na, Pan-
 tophob'ia,  Rabies Sanlna, Eretliie'inua hydropho-
 bia,  Clonoe  hydrophobia,  Hygrophobia,  Aqua
 metue, Canine madneee, Wafer fright, (¥.) Rage ;
 from 'viwp, ' water,' and ipofios, ' dread.'
   The  term Rabiee is more  appropriate  for the
 aggregate  of symptoms resulting from  the  bite
 of rabid animals.  Hydrophobia literally signifies
 a 'dread of water;' and,  consequently, ought to
 be applied  to one of the symptoms of rabies, rather
 than to the disease itself.  It is a symptom which
 appears occasionally in other nervous affections.
 Rabies is susceptible of spontaneous  development
 in the dog, wolf, cat, and fox, which can thence
 transmit it to other  quadrupeds or to man ; but
 it has not been proved that it can supervene,—
 without their having  been previously bitten,—in
 animals of other species;  br that the latter  can,
 when, bitten, communicate it.to  others.   Many
 facts induce the belief, that the saliva and bron-
 chial mucus are the  sole vehicles of the rabid
 virus;  the effects  of  which  upon the economy
 sometimes  appear almost immediately after the
 bite, and are, at others, apparently dormant for a
 considerable period.   The chief symptoms are—
 a sense of dryness and constriction of the throat;
 excessive thirst; difficult  deglutition; aversion
 for, and horror at, the sight of liquids as well as
 of brilliant objects; red, animated countenance;
 great nervous irritability;  frothy saliva ; grinding
 of the teeth, Ac.  Death most commoflly happens
 before the fifth day.   Hydrophobia has hitherto
 resisted all  therapeutical means.   Those which
allay irritation are obviously most  called for.  In
the way of prevention, the  bitten  part  should
always be  excised,  where practicable; and cau-
terized.                                       <
   In  some cases, symptoms like those which fol-
low the bite of a rabid animal  ore  said to have
come on spontaneously.  This affection has been
termed nervous or spontaneous hydrophobia.
   HY'DROPHOBUS, Lyssodectus.
   HYDROPIITHAL'MIA, from 'viwp, 'water/
and   otpSaXpos,  'the  eye.'    Hydrophthal' mite,
Dropsy of the eye. Hydrops Oc'uli,  Bupthalinus,
Zoophthalmus,  Oc'iilns  Bovi'nns seu  Bu'biilus
seu  Elephan'tinus,  Ophthalmopto'sis,  Parop'sia
Stttphylo'ma eimplex, (¥.) Hydrophthal mie, Hy-
diopiaie de  I'ceil.   This  affection  is caused,  at
times, by an increase in the quantity of the aque-
ous, at others, of the vitreous, humour.   In the
former case, the iris is concave anteriorly, and
pushed backwards: — in the latter, it is convex,
and  pushed forwards.  Most commonly, the dis-
ease  seems to depend on  both humours  air the
same time.  Hydrophthalmia  sometimes  affects
both  eyes; at  others,  only  one.  Children are
more exposed to it  than  adults or old  persons.
The treatment must vary according to the  cause;
its longer or shorter duration ;  greater  or less
extent, Ac. Hence, according  to circumstances,
hydragogue medicines,  purgatives,  general and
local  blood-letting, blisters,  setons, moxa, cup-
ping-glasses, fomentations, collyria, and fumiga-
tions of  different kinds, have  been employed.
When all  means fail, and the  disease continues
to make progress, the fluid may be evacuated, by
a puncture made with  a cataract needle  at the
lower part of the transparent cornea.
   Hydrophthalmia, Conical,  Staphyloma  of
the cornea.
   HYDROPHTnAL'MION.  Same etymon. An
oedematous swelling of the conjunctiva in  hydro-
pic persons.
   HYDROPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia—h.
Cruentus, Haemophthalmia.
   HYDROPHYLLUM VERUM, Hydrastis Ca-
nadensis.
   HYDROPHYSOCE'LE, Hydropneitmatoee'le,
from  'viwp, ' water/ <pvoa, ' wind,' and  KnXn, ' a
tumour.'   Hernia, which contains a serous fluid
and gas.
   HYDROPHYTSOME'TRA, fr >m 'viwp,'  water,'
tpvoaw,  ' I  inflate,'  and pnrpa,  ' the womb.'   A
morbid  condition of the womb, in  which bcth
fluid  and air are contained in it.
   IIYDROP'IC,  Hydrop'icus,  Hy'phytiros, Hy-
der'icue, Hydero'des, Drop'eical, (Sc.) Edroppit,
(¥.) Hydropique.  One  labouring under dropsy.
Drop'sicd.  Relating to  dropsy. Also, an anti-
hydropic, and a hydragogue.
   HYDROPIPER, Polygonum hydropiper.
   IFYDROPISIA, Hydrops.
   HYDROPISIE, Hydrops — h. du Bas-ventre,
Ascites—h. Cardiaqne, Dropsy, cardiac—h. CSrS-
brale  euraigitS, Apoplexy, serous — h. HSpatique,
Dropsy, hepatic—h. de I'CEil, Hydrophthalmia—
h. de  I'Ovaire, Hydroarion—h. du PSricarde, Hy-
dropericardium—h. du PSritoine, Ascites—h. des
Plevres, Hydrothorax — h. de Poitrine, Hydro-
thorax—h. RSnale, Dropsy, renal—h. de  la VSei-
cule du Fiel, Turgescentia vesicae felleae.
   HYDROPISIS, Hydrops—h. Vera, Anasarca,
   HYDROPISMUS, Hydrops.
  HYDROPLEURTE, Hvdrothorax.
  HYDROPNEUMATOCELE, Hydrophysocelo.
  HYDROPNEUMON,  Hvdropneumonia.
  II Y D R 0 P N E U M 0' NI A, Hydropueu'mon, '
(Ede'ma pulmo'num ehron'ictim, Hydrops pulmo'-
num seu pulmo'num cellulo'sue, Anaaar'ea pulmo'-
num, from 'viwp, 'water,' and vvtv/iwv, ' the lung.'
Dropsical infiltration of the lungs.   See CEdema
of the lungs.
  HYDROPNEUMOSAR'CA, from  'viwp, 'wa-
ter/ nvtvpa, 'wind, air/ and oapi, 'flesh.' An ab- 
HYDROPNEUMOTIIORAX      47
iccss, containing water, air, and matters similar |]
to flesh.—M. A. Severinus.                     |'
  HYDROPNEUMOTHO'RAX, Hydroaeroplen-  ,
rie, from 'viwp, 'water/ irvti'pwv, 'the lung,' and
Owpaf, 'the chest.'  Pneumothorax with  effusion
of blood into the chest.   See  Pneumothorax.
  HYDROPOI'DES,  from  'viwp, 'water/ and
iroitw, ' I make.'   An  epithet for watery excre-
tions, such  as sometimes take place in hydropics.
  HYDROP'OTA, Hydrop'otea, Potator Aqua,
from 'viwp,  'water/ and  irorns, 'a  drinker.'   A
water drinker.  One who drinks  only water,  or
drinks it in an extraordinary quantity.
  HYDROPS, from 'viwp, ' water,' Phlegmasia,
Hy'deroa, Affec'tua hydero'dea, Hydrop'iaia, Hy-
dropia'ia,  Hydropie'inua,  Hydrop'sia,  Hydror-
rhoe'a, Hydror'rhoe,  Hydror'rhoue,  Polyhy'dria,
Hydroilosus, Hydronu sua, Dropay,  Hy dropay,
(Old Eng.) Dropyk, (¥.) Hydropiaie.  A preter-
natural collection of a serous fluid in any cavity
of the body, or in the areolar texture.  When the
areolar texture  of the whole body is  more or less
filled with  fluid, the disease  is called Anaear'ca
or Leucophlegmu'tia ; — and when  this variety is
local or partial, it is  called QSde'ma.  The chief
dropsies, designated from their seat, are:—Ana-
earca,  Hyrlrocephalue, Hydrorachitie, Hydrotho-
rax,  Hydropericardium,  Ascites,  Hydrometra,
Hydrocele,  Ac.
  Encyet'ed Dropay, Hydrope eacca'ttta, incarce-
ra'tus  seu  cys'ticus, is that variety in which  the
fluid is enclosed  in a sac or  cyst; so that it has
 io communication  with the  surrounding  parts.
Dropsy of the Ovarium, Hydrops  seu Aaci'tee
Ova'rii, Ascites sacca'tus, is  an instance of this
variety.
   Dropsy may be active or passive.  The former
consists in an increased action of the exhalants,
so  that those vessels pour out much more fluid
than  is absorbed : the latter arises from a state
of atony of the absorbent vessels, which allows
of an accumulation of fluid.  It may also be me-
chanical, or produced  by obstructions to the cir-
culation, as in cases  of diseased  liver.  Active
dropsy, occurring accidentally in  a  sound indi-
vidual, generally ends  favourably.   That which
supervenes on  other  diseases, or is symptomatic
of some internal affection, is  rarely curable.
   The treatment consists in the use of all those
remedies which act on the various secretions :  so
that, the demand being increased, the supply will
have to  be increased  accordingly;  and in this
manner some of the collected fluid may be taken
up by the absorbents.   To this end  bleeding, if
the dropsy be very active ; purgatives, diuretics,
sudorifics,  sialogogues,  Ac, are  the  remedies
chiefly depended  upon.
   Hydrops Abdominis,' Ascites — h. Abdominis
aereus, Tympanites — h. Abdominis saccatus, see
Ascites — h. Anasarca, Anasarca — h. Anasarca
acutus, see  Anasarca—h. Arachnoideae, Hydro-
cephalus  chronicus — h. Articulorum,  Hydrar-
thrus— h. Ascites,  Ascites —h. Capitis, Hydro-
cephalus.  Hydrocephalus chronicus — h. Car-
diacus, Dropsy,  cardiac —h.  Cavitatis colum-
nae vertebralis, Hydrorachis — h.  Cellularis  ar-
tuum, CEdema—h. Cellularis totius corporis, Ana-
sarca— h.  Cellulosus,   Anasarca — h.  Cerebri,
Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus internus—h. Cu-
taneus, Anasarca — h. Cvsticus, see  Ascites, and
Hydrops—h. Glottidis, CEdema of the Glottis—h.
Hepaticus, Dropsy, hepatic—h. Incarceratus, see
Hydrops—h. Intercus, Anasarca—h. Leucophleg-
matia, Leucophlegmatia — h. ad Matulam, Dia-
betes— h.   Mediastini,  Hydromedinstinnm — h.
Medullae spinalis, Hydrorachis—b. Matellae, Dia-
betes—h. Oculi, Hydrophthalmia—h. Ovarii, Hy-
droarion, see Hydrops—h. Palpebrae, Hydroble-
pharon—h. Pectoris, Hydrothorax—h. Pericardii,
6         HYDROSARCOCELE
Hydropericardium—h. Pleurae, Hydrothorax—h.
Pulmonis, Hydrothorax—h. Pulmonum, Hydro-
pneumonia,  CEdema of the Lungs—h. Pulmonuiu
cellulosus, Hydropneumonia—h.  Renalis, Dropsy,
renal—h. Saccatus, see Hydrops—h. Sacci laory-
malis, Fistula laerymalis—h. Scroti, Hydrocele—
h. Siccus et flatulentus, Tympanites — h. Spina-.
Hydrorachis—h. Spinae vertebralis, Hydrorachis
—h. Subcutaneous, Anasarca—h. Telae cellulose,
Anasarca—h. Testieulorum, Hydrocele—h.  Tho-
racis, Hydrothorax — h.  Tubarum  Fallopii, Hy-
drosalpinx— h. Tympani,  Hydromyringa—h.
Tympanites, Tympanites — h. Umbilicalis, Ily-
dromphalum—h.  Uteri, Hydrometra—h. Yeska:
felleae, Tursje.scentia vesiculae fellea;.
  HYDROPSIA, Hydrops.
  HYDROPSY, Hydrops.
  IiYDROPYR'ETOS, from 'viwp, 'water/ and
itvptros, 'fever;' Febris sudato'ria.  Fever  with
sweating.  Hidropyretos  would be more proper ;
from \ipws,  'sweat.'   See Sudor Anglicus.
  HYDRORA'CHIS,  from 'viwp,  'water,' and
pa%is,  'the  spine.'   Hydrorrha'chis,  Hydrora-
chitie,  Hydrorrha'chia,  Myeloch'ysie,  Hydrops
Cavita'tis  Columna Vertebra'lie  seu Spina verte-
bra'lie seu medulla  epinu'lie seu spina, Hydra-
ce'le epina'lie, Hydrorachitie epino'ea.  An  effu-
sion of serum, often owing to inflammation of the
spinal  membranes—myelltia exeudutlva — and
forming a soft, frequently transparent,  tumour,
constituted of the  membranes ofthe spinal  mar-
row, which  are distended and projecting  bnck-
wards  from the  vertebral canal, the  posterior
paries of which, when the affection is congenital,
is wanting to a certain extent — Spina bifida,
Atelorachid'ia,  Hydrora'chis  dehie'eene seu coi:-
gen'ita, Schiatorrhu'chie,  Splnolit.   The disease
is often accompanied with paralysis of the lower
extremities.   It is congenital, and situate in the
lumbar or sacral  regions.  It is almost always
fatal:—the tumour rupturing, and  death occur-
ring instantaneously.  On dissection, a  simple
separation or  complete  alienee of the spinous
processes  of the vertebrae is perceived, with,  at
times,  destruction  or  absence of spinal marrow.
The treatment  is tbe same as in hydrocephalus
chronicus; and, as in  it, advantage  seems occa-
sionally to have been derived by  puncturing with
a fine needle.
  Hydrorachis Dehiscens, see  Hydrorachis.
  HYDRORACHITIS, Hydrorachis.
  HYDRORCHIS, Hydrocele.
  HYDRORENALE DISTENSION,  Hydro-
nephrosis.
  HYDRORRHACHIA, Hydrorachis.
  HYDRORRHACIIIS,  Hydrorachis —h.  Con-
genita, see Hydrorachis — h. Dehiscens, see Hy-
drorachis.
  HYDRORRHACfE. Apoplexy, serous.
  HYDRORRHOE, Hydrops.
  HYDRORRHEA,  Hydrops.   Also, a copious
waterv discharge,—as from the vagina.
  HYDRORRIIOUS, Hydrops.
  HYDRORTHOPNGE'A,  from  'viwp,   'water,'
and opBoinoia, 'difficulty of breathing, except  in
the erect posture.'  Orthopnoea, owing  to a col-
lection of water in  the chest.
  HYDROSAC'CHARUM,  Aqua   sacchara'ta,
(¥.) Eau sucrSe.  Sugared water.
  HYDROSALPINX, Hydrops  tnbtlrum Fallo'-
pii; from 'viwp, 'water/ and aaXirty%,  'a tube.'
Dropsy of the Fallopian tube.
  HYDROSAR'CA, from 'viwp, 'water,' and eatf,
'flesh.'  A tumour containing a  fluid, as well  aa
portions of flesh.   Also, Anasarca.
  HYDROSARCOCE'LE,  from  'viwp,   'water.'
oapl;, 'flesh,' and KnXn, *a tumour.'  Sarcohydro-
ce'le.  A tumour, formed  by a sarcocele, compli-
cated with dropsy of the tunica vaginalis. 
nYDROSCHEOCELE         477        HYGROME'TRICITE'
  HYDROSCIIEOCE'LE,  Oecheoce'le  aquo'aa, !
from 'viwp,  'water/ ooxtov, 'the scrotum,'  and j
KnXn,  'rupture.'   A  collection  of  water in the |
scrotum.  Hydrocele.
  IIYDROSCHEONIE, Hydrocele.
  HYDROSCHEUM, Hydrocele.
  HYDROSIS, Hidrosis.
  HYDROSTATIC TEST OF INFANTICIDE,
see Docimasia—h. Bed. Water  bed.
  HYDROSUDOPATHY,  Hydrosudotherapeia.
  HYDROSUDOTHERAPEI'A,  Hydrop'athy,
 Ffydropnthla, Hydroxnrlop'athy, Hydri'aeie, Ars
 hydrialrica,   Hydriatri'a,    Hydatotherapri'a,
 Hijdrotherapei'a, Water cure, (G.) Wasserkur,
 from 'vcwp,  'water,' anda, 'I sweat,' and dcpairtvio,
 ' I remedy.'  A badly compounded  word, formed
 to express  the mode of treating diseases syste-
 matically by cold water, sweating, Ac
   HYDROSULPHURET'TED WATER,  Aqua
 hydrosiilphnrilta simplex, A. hepat'ica, (¥.) Eau
 hydroeulphurSe eimple.  (Sulphuret of iron 1000
 parts,  sulphuric  acid 2000 parts, distilled  water
 4000 parts; add the water to  the acid, and put
 the  sulphuret of iron  into a  retort,  to which  a
 Wolff's apparatus of five or six vessels is adapted ;
 the  last containing about an  ounce of potassa,
 dissolved in a quart of water.   Pour the diluted
 acid gradually on the sulphuret, and, ultimately,
 throw away the water in the last vessel. Ph. P.)
 It is stimulant, diaphoretic, and deobstruent [?],
 and is used in rheumatism, diseases  of the skin,
 Ac.
   It has been, also, called Ac"idum Hydrothion'-
 icum liq'uidtim.
   HYDROSULPHURETUM  AMMONIACALE
 AQUOSUM, Ammoniae sulphuretum—h. Ammo-
 niacum, Ammoniae sulphuretum.
   HYDROTILERAPEIA,  Hydrosudotherapeia.
   IIYDROTHION, Hydrogen, sulphuretted.
   HYDROTHO'RAX, from 'viwp, 'water/ and
 6<i>paf, 'the chest.'   Hydrops Thora'cis seu pec'-
 toris sen  pidmo'nis seu  pleura,  Stethoch'ysia,
 Pleitrorrhoe'a lymphat'ica  seu  eero'sa, Dyspnoe'a
 et  Orthopnce'a hydrothorac"ica, (¥.) Hydropisie
 de Poitrine ou  dee Pllvree, Dropsy of the  Chest.
 Idiopathic hydrothorax, termed, by Laennec, Hy-
 dropisie dea pllvree, Dropsy of the Pleura,— by
 Piorry,  Hydroplcurie, — is a  rare disease, and
 difficult of diagnosis.   It  generally exists only
 on one side, which, if tbe fluid effused be con-
 piderable, projects more  than  the other.  Dysp-
 noea, and fluctuation perceptible to the ear, are
 '•haracteristic symptoms.   When  the chest  is
 examined  with   the stethoscope,  respiration  is
 found to be wanting every where, except at the
 root of the lung.  The sound  is also dull on per-
 cussion.
   Effusion  into  the chest, a,3  a result of inflam-
 mation of some thoracic viscus, is as common as
 the  other is rare.   It is usually a fatal symptom.
 It has been called symptomatic hydrothorax.
   In hydrothorax, the course of treatment proper
 in dropsies in general must be adopted.  Diure-
 tics seem, here,  to be especially useful: probably
 on account of the great activity of pulmonary ab-
 sorption.  Paracentesis can rarely be serviceable.
   Hydrothorax  CnYLOSus,   Chylothorax — h.
 Purolentus, Empyema.
   HYDROTICA, Hydragogues.
   HYDRO'TIS, from 'viwp. 'water/and ovs, gen.
 ojtoj, 'the  ear.'  Dropsy  of the  ear.   Properly,
 an  accumulation of mucous   or muco-purulent
 matter in the middle ear.
   J [YD R URESIS. Diabetes.
   HYDRURIA, Diabetes,  see Urine.
   TUYERES. This small  town,  agreeably situ-
 ate on the declivity of a hill, about two miles from
 the  Mediterranean, and twelve from  Toulon,  is
the least exceptionable residence in Provence for
the pulmonary  invalid.   It is in  some measure
protected from the northerly winds; but not suffi-
ciently so from the mistral to render it a very
desirable residence for the phthisical.—Sir James
Clark.
  HY'GEA, Hygiene,  Sanitas.
  HYGETA, Sanitas.
  HYGEISMUS. Ilvgiene.
  HYGEOLOGY, Hygiene.
  IIYGIANSIS, Sanitas.
  HYGIASIS,  Sanitas.
  HYGIASMA, Medicament.
  HYGIAS'TICA  DOCTRI'NA.   The doctrine
of health.  The doctrine of  the  restoration  of
health.
  HYGIASTICUS, Salutary.
  HYGIEA. Sanitas.
  IIYGIEIA, Hygiene, Sanitas.
  HYGIEINUS, Salutary.
  HYGIEIOLOGIA,  Hygiene.
  HYGIENE  (¥.), (generally Anglicised, Hy-
giene,  and  pronounced  hygeene), from  'vyitta,
'health.'  Hygeie'mue, Hygiei'ne,  Hygie'aia, Hy-
giei'a ; Hygie'a, Hygei'a, Hygiene, Hygien'>'<■*, Me-
dicina coneervatlva seu diasos'tica, Hygeolog"ia,
Hyrjieiolog"ia.Hygeology,Hygiology,• from 'vytns.
' healthy.'  The part of medicine  whose object is
the preservation of health.  It embraces a know-
ledge of healthy man, both in society and indi-
vidually, as well as of the objects used and em-
ployed by him,  with their influence on  his consti-
tution and organs.  See Regimen.
  HY'GIEN'IC, (F.) HygiSniqite.  Same etymon.
Relating to Hygiene — as 'hygienic precautions,
hygienic rules/  Ac. Ac.
  HYGIENICS, Hygiene.
  HYGIENIQUE, Hygienic
  HYG'IEN'IST.   One  who understands  the
principles of hygiene.
  HYGIERUS, Salutary.
  HYGIESIS,  Hygiene.
  HYGIOLOGY, Hygiene.
  HYGRA, from  'viwp,  'water/  or 'vypos, 'hu-
mid.'  Liquid plasters ;—Hygremplae'tra.
   HYGRASIA, Humour.
  HYGRECHE'MA,  from 'vypos, 'humid,' and
txnpa, 'sound;' Son'itue  flu'idi.  The sound  of
fluid, heard by  auscultation, or otherwise.
  HYGREDON, Humour.
   HYGREMPLASTRA, Hygra.
   HYGROBLEPHAR'ICI, from 'vypos, 'humid/
and PXtipapov,  'eyelid;'  Hygrophthalmiri.  The
excretory ducts of the lachrymal gland have been
so called.
   HYGROBRONCHIORRnONCHUS, Rdle mu-
queux.
   HYGROCATARAC'TA: from 'vypos, 'humid/
and KarapaKTns, 'cataract;'  Caturuc'ta liq'uid'a.
Liquid or fluid  cataract.
   IIYGROCELE, Hydrocirsoeele.
   HYGROCOLLYRIA, see Collyrium.
   HYGROCYSTIS, Hydatid.
   HYGROL'OGY, Hygrolog"in, from 'vypos, 'hu-
mid,'and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  .The anatomy of
the fluids of the body.
  HYGRO'MA, from 'vypos, 'humid.'  Tumor
cys'ticus sero'sua, Cya'tia  aero'sa.  Dropsy of the
bursae mucosae.
   HYGROMET'RIC, Hygromet'ricue,  (¥.) Hy-
gromStriqne.  Same etymon as the next.   Rela-
ting or appertaining to hygrometry.
  Hygrometric Property of an organized tissue,
(F.) HygromStricitS, is that by which  it gives off
to the air, and receives  from it moisture under
varying conditions of that medium.
  HYGROMETRICITE,  Hygrometric   prop-
erty. 
HYGROMETRY             478              HYOIDES OS
Ma-
and
  HYGROM'ETRY,  Hygromct'ria, Hygroacop'-
ta, from  'vypos, 'humid,' and ptrpov, •measure.'
The part of physics which concerns the measure-
ment  of the  dryness  or  humidity of the atmo-
Bphere.  It.is probable, that diseases are as fre-
quently caused by  the varying  moisture of the
atmosphere or  by changes in its weight or  tem-
perature.   The hygrometer ought, consequently,
to form part of every apparatus  for medical me-
teorological observations.
   HYGRON, Liquor.
   HYGROPHOBIA. Hydrophobia.
   HYGROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'vypos, 'humid,'
and of.duXpia, 'inflammation of tbe  eye.'   Oph-
thalmia with much lachrymation.
   HYGROPHTHALMICI, Hygroblepharici.
   HYGROPISSOS, see Pinus sylvestris.
   HYGROSCOPIA, Hygrometry.
   HYGROTES, Humour, Liquor.
   HYGRUM, Humour.
   HYT'LE, 'vXn, Mate'ria, 'Matter. Wood.'
teria Medica: also, the Philosopher's stone.
   Hyi.i: Iatrice, Materia Medica.
   HYLISIP. Colatio.
   IIYLISMUS, Colatio.
   HYLISTER, Colatorium.
   HYLOPH'AGOUS, from  'vXn,  'wood,'
 tpayw, ' I eat.'  One  that feeds  upon the young
 shoots of trees,  roots, Ac.   Hylophagous tribes
 yet exist in some parts of Africa.
   HYMEN, 'vpnv,  which  signifies 'marriage,'
 'nuptial  song,' 'membrane  or pellicle.'  Claue-
 tridn sen Flos seu Sigillum seu Cueto'dia seu Co-
 litm'na  seu  Zona virginita'tie, Flos virgina'lia,
  Virgin'ia, Cir'culue membrano'aua, Bucton, Inter-
 ecp'tttm virgina'le, Cento virgina'lie, Argumen'tum
 Integrita'tie, Munimen'tum seu  Zona  Castita'tie,
 Paniiic.'ulue hymena'ua  seu  virgina'lia, Eugion,
  Valvula seu Membran'ula luna'ta vagina,  17/'-
 ginal membrane.   The  semilunar, parabolic, or
 circular  fold, situate  at the outer orifice of the
 vagina in virgins, especially during youth, and
 prior to menstruation.  This membrane is  ordi-
 narily ruptured by the first  venereal act, and is
 effaced  by accouchement;  some  irregular  flaps
 remaining, to which the name Carun'cula  Myr-
 tifor'mes has been given by reason of their re-
 semblance to tbe leaves of  the myrtle.  Many
 circumstances  of an  innocent character may oc-
 casion a rupture  or destruction of this membrane.
 It is often, indeed, found absent in children soon
 after birth ;  whilst it may remain entire  after co-
 pulation.  Hence the presence of the hymen does
 not  absolutely prove virginity; nor does its ab-
 sence prove incontinence; although its  presence
 would be prima facie evidence of continence.
    Hymen, Membrane—h. Diaphratton, Mediasti-
 num.
    HYMEN.&A,   see  Copal — h.  Courbaril, see
 Anime.
    HYMEN'ICA  AMENORRHEA.   Amenor-
 rhoea occasioned by closure of the hymen.
    HY'MEN'ICUS, Hymeno'dea, from  'vpnv, 'hy-
 men,' Ac   Relating to the hymen.  Also,  mem-
 branous.
    HYMENI'TIS, from  'vpnv, 'a membrane/ and
  ilia,   denoting inflammation.   Membranous  in-
  flammation.  Inflammation  of an internal  mem-
 brane.
    HYME'NIUM, Membran'ula,  diminutive  of
  'vpnv, 'a membrane.'  A fine, delicate  membrane.
    HYMENODES. Hvmenieus.
    HYMENOGANGLIITIS, Cholera.
    HYMENOC'ENY, Hymenogen'ia, (¥.) Hymf-
  nogenie, from 'vpnv, 'a membrane/ and ytvvaw, 'I
  engender.'  The production  of membranes by the
  effect of simple  contact of two liquids, as albu-
  men and fat,  when the former gives a coating to
  ho globules of the latter.—Ascherson.
  UYMENOG'RAPHY,  Hymenogra'phia, from
'vpnv, 'a  membrane/ and. ypntpw,  'I describe.'
That part of anatomy whose object is the descrip-
tion of the different membranes.
  IIYMENOL'OGY, Hymenolog"ia, from 'vpnv,
'a  membrane/  and  Xoyos,  'a  description.'  J
treatise on the membranes.
  HYMEN OPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  mem-
bran arum.
  H Y M E NOR' RHAPHY, Hymenorrha'phia ,
from 'vpnv, ' the  hymen,' and paipn, 'a suture.'  A
form .of elytrorrhaphy, in which the operation is
performed in the natural situation of the hymen.
  HYMENOT'OMY, Hymenotom'ia. from vpm;
'a membrane,'  and rtpvw,  'I cut,''I dissect.'
The part of anatomy which  treats of the  dissec-
tion of the membranes.   The term has also been
applied to the incision of tbe hymen, practised in
certain  cases of imperforation of the vagina, in
order to give exit to the blood retained and ac-
cumulated in the cavity of the uterus.
  HYMNIUM,  Amnios.
  HYO :  in composition, an abridgment  of Hy-
oides os.
  HY0BAST0GLOSSUS. Basioglossus.
  HYOCHONDROG LOSSUS, Hyoglossus.
  HY0DE0GLOSSUS. Hyoglossus.
  HYODEOTHYREODES, Thyreohyoideus.
  HYODES. Hvoides.
  HYODEPIGLOTTICUS, Hyo-epiglotticus.
  II Y 0-E PIGLOT'T ICUS,  Hyodepiglofticus.
Belonging to the os hyoides and epiglottis. Some
anatomists have given  the  name Hyo-epiglottie
ligament to a bundle of condensed areolar ti.->UH,
which passes from the posterior part of the body
of the hyoid bone  to the base  of the  epiglottic
fibro-cartilage.
  H Y0- G L OSSO- BASI-PHARYNGIE N,
Constrictor pharvngis.
  HYOGLOS'SUS, Hyo'deo-gl.oasus,Hyo-choiidro-
glossus, Hypailogloeeue, Cer'ato-glossna of Douglass
and Cowper: Basio-Cerato-Choudro-glossue.  A
large, thin, quadrilateral muscle, situate  at the
anterior and superior part of  the neck.  Its in-
sertions at three different points of theos hyoides
permit it  to be divided into three portions :—the
first, (Cerato-gloasna of Albinus) is attached to
the  great cornu of the  os  hyoides: the  acrond,
(Basio-gloa8iia of Albinus,) arises from the supe-
rior part  of the  body of  the same bone; and. the
third, (Chondro-glosaiia  of Albinus,) arises from
the lesser cornu and the cartilage, situate between
the body and tbe greater cornu.   The fibres of
these three bundles are inserted  into the lateral
 and inferior parts  of the tongue.   This  muscle
 depresses the base of the tongue, or raises the os
 hyoides, when the tongue is fixed.
   HYO-THYREOl"DEUS, Thyreo-hyoideus.
   IIYO-THYROID, Thyreo-hyoid.
   HYOID BONE, Hyoides, os.
   HYOI'DES OS,  Oa  Bicor'ne  sell hypaelot'des
 seu Lambdo'i'dea seu Gut'turia seu Guttura'le seu
 Lingua  seu  Lingua'le, Upsiloi'dee, Ypailo'idea.
 The Hyoid  Bone; from the Greek t>,  and ttios,
 'shape.'   Hyo'i'deue, Hyo'dee.   The hyoid bone
 is  a very movable, osseous arch ; of a parabolic
 shape; convex before, and suspended horizontally
 in  the substance of the soft  parts of the neck,
 between  the base of the tongue and the  larynx.
 This bone, separated entirely from the rest of tbe
 skeleton,  is  composed  of five distinct portions,
 susceptible of motion on each other.  The first, and
 most central, is the body of the  hyoid, Oaak'vlum
 me'dium  Hyoi'die, which  affords attachment  to
 several  muscles; the two others are lateral, and
 bear the name of branches  or greater  cornua.
 The last two are smaller, situate above the other,
 and are known  under the name  leeeer cornua and
 etyloid cornua, the Oeea pieifor'mia  lingua'Iia 
HYOlDEUS               479            HYPERCENOSIS
of Sommering,  Oeaa  seu Grana  seu  Oaaic'ula
ten  Cor'pora  seu  Corpua'cula tritic"ea.  The os
hyoides is ossified from'five points.
  Hyoides  Primus, Sterneo-hyoideus.
  HYOlDEUS, Hyoides.
  HYOIDIS  QUARTUS MUSCULUS,  Omo-
hyoideus.
  HYOSCY'AMUS,  from 'vs, 'a swine,' and
evapos. 'a bean.'  Faba enilla, Bengi, Jnsqui'a-
mua, Hyoscyrtmite niger  seu  agrea'tia, Apolliiui'-
rie,  Alter'cum, Ag'one, Alterc'ailqeniui, Henbane,
Poieon Tobac'co,  Stinking nightahade, (¥.)  Jne-
quiaume, Fere a Cochon, Hanuebane, Potelee, Par-
 celet.  Ord. Solanaeeae.  The leaves, Hyoacy'ami
 Fo'lia (Ph. U. S.), and  seeds, Hyoacy'ami Semen
 (Ph.  U.  S.), are  the parts used  in  medicine.
 Their odour  is narcotic  and peculiar;  taste in-
 sipid and mucilaginous.  The virtues are yielded
 to  proof spirit.   Hyoscyamus is narcotic, ano-
 dyne, antispasmodic, and slightly stimulant.   It
 is used as a substitute for opium, where the latter
 disagrees;  and  is applied, externally, as a cata-
 plasm in cancer and glandular swellings.  Dose,
 gr.  iij to x  of the powder.   An alkaloid was  ob-
 tained from  it by Brandes, Hyoacyamine,  Jue-
 quiamitie.
   Hyoscyamus Agrestis, Hyoscyamus.
   Hyoscyamus Albus,  White Henbane, possesses
 similar virtues.
   Hyoscyamus Luteus, Nicotiana  rustica—b.
 Niger, Hyoscyamus — h. Peruvianus, Nicotiana
 tabacum.
   Hyoscyamus Scoro'uA.,Scopoli'na atropoi'dee.
 The herb and root of  this plant, which grows in
 Illyria, Hungary, Croatia, Gallizia, and  Bavaria,
 are  used in the  same  cases as belladonna.  Dose
 of the powder, half a  grain.
   HYPACTICUS, Cathartic.
   HYPiE'MIA, from  'viro, 'beneath,' and 'aipa,
 'blood;'  Hypoa'mia,  Hypoha'mia, Oliga'mia,
 Oligoha'mia, Ana'mia.   Deficiency  of blood.—
 Andral.   Also, extravasation of blood.
   Hyphemia Oculi, Haemophthalmia.
   HYPAGOGE, Dejection.
   HYPAGOGUS, Laxative.
   HYPALEIM'MA, Hypalim'ma, Hypale'ip'tum,
 Hypalip'tum, from 'vtraXctipw,  ' I  anoint.'   An
 ointment or liniment  to  be  rubbed or spread on
 a part.
   1IYPALEIPTRIS, nypaleiptrum.
   HYPALEIP'TRON, Hypaleip'trum, Hypaleip-
 trie, Hypalip'trnm,  Specillum, Spatha.   A  sort
 of spatula for  spreading ointments.—Hippocrates.
   HYPALEIPTRUM, Hypaleiptron.
   HYPALEIPTUM, Hypaleimma.
   HYPALIMMA, Hypaleimma.
   HYPALIPTRUM. Hypaleiptron.
   HYPAMAURO'SIS, from 'viro, 'under/  and
amauroaie; Aminiro'aia  imperfecta.  Imperfect
amaurosis;  Meramauro'ais.
  HYPANCO'NIUM, from  'viro,  'beneath,'and
ayKwv, ' the elbow.'  A pillow for supporting the
elbow in surgical cases.
  HYPAPOPLEX'IA, from W, 'under,'  and
apoplexia.  An incomplete attack of apoplexy.
  HYPATMISMUS, Fumigation.
  HYPATMUS, Fumigation.
  HYTAUCHE'NIUM,  from 'wo, 'under,' and
avxnv, ' the  neck.'  A  pillow or cushion for the
nei-k.
  HYPECCIIORESIS, Dejection.
  HYPECCIIORETICUS, Laxative.
  HYPELATUS,  Cathartic,  Laxative.
  HYPENANTIOMA, Allopathy.
  HYPENANTIOSIS, Allopathy.
  HYPE'NE, 'imnvn-  The beard which grows
under  the chin, according to some.   Also,  the
npper lip.--Vesalius.   See Mystax.
   HYPENETES, Adolescens.
   HY'PER, 'vntp, 'above,' 'in excess.'   Hencet
   II Y P E R A C U ' S I S, Oxyecoi'a,  Hype ,,,<■'oe,
 Phthongodyspho'ria, from hyper, and axon,  ' au-
 dition.'  Excessive sensibility  of the  organ of
 hearing.
   HYPERADENO'SIS, Hyperadeno'ma, Hyper-
 troph'ia glandula'rum,  from  hyper, and uii/v, 'a
 gland.'  Hvpertrophy of a gland.
   HYPEREMIA, Hyperha'mia. Uamorme'eis,
 (¥.) HyperSmie, AttgiohSmit,frow hyper, and 'atua,
 'blood.'  Preternatural-accumulation of blood in
 the capillary vessels, more especially  local ple-
 thora—pletho'ra partia'lie; congestion.—Andral.
 Various forms of hyperaemia are admitted by pa-
 thologists,— for example,  the active or ethenic;
 as in the phlegmasiae, — the asthenic or pas»ire,
 from weakness of  vessels;  the cadaveric, or that
 which forms immediately before  or after  death ;
 and the  hypostatic,  which occurs in depending
 parts.
   Hyperaemia Abdominis, Coeliaemia—h. Activa,
 Inflammation—h. Capitis, Cephalaemia—h. of the
 Brain,  Stethaemia—h.  Cerebri. Cephala-mia—h.
 Pectoris,  Stetha'mia—h. Pulmonum, Stethaemia
 — h. of the. Lungs, Stethaemia — h. Hepatic, He-
 patohaemia.
   HYPERiE'MIC, Hypera'micua, Hyper a'mini,
 Congea'tcd,  Rloorlshot.   Affected with hyperaemia.
   HYPERESTHESIA, Hyperxsthesis—h. Lin-
 guae, Hypergeustia—h.  Olfactoria, Hyperosphre-
 sia—h. Plexus cardiaci, Angina pectoris.
   HYPERESTHE'SIS,  Hyperaatha'sia,  Oxy-
 aathe'aia,  (F.)  HypSreathSsie,  from hyper, and
 aioSnois, 'the faculty of feeling.'  Exces.-ive sen-
 sibility, impressibility, or passibilitv."
   HYPERjESTHET'ICA, same etymon.  Agents
 that are conceived to augment general sensibility
 —as strvchnia, brucia,  Ac  Pereira.
   HYPERANARRHOPHE'SIS, from hyper, and
 avappoipnois, 'absorption.'  Excessive absorption.
   HYPERANTHERA  MORINGA, Guilandina
 moringa.
   HYPERANTHRAXIS, see Cholera,
   HYPERAPH'IA,  Oxyaph'e, Oxyaph'ia, from
 hyper,  and 'aipn, 'touch.'  Excessive  acuteness
 of touch.
   HYPERAPHRODIS'IA.from hyper, and Afpo-
 itm, 'Venus.'  Excessive venereal desire.
   HYPERASTHENFA, fromhyper, and aoBtiua.
 'weakness.'  Excessive debility.
   HYPERAUXE'SIS,  from  hyper, and avfotSr
 'augmentation.'  Hyperepid'oaie.  Excessive in
 crease or enlargement of a part, as Hyperanxe'aii
 I'ridia, an excessive enlargement of the iris, so
 as to stop up the pupil.
   HYPERBOL'IC  (attitude), from  hyper,  and
 (SaXXw,  'I throw.'   'Excessive.'   Galen, by this
 term, designates certain extraordinary attitudes,
 in which the limbs and vertebral column are in a
 state of complete extension or flexion.
   IIYPERBO'REAN,  from  hyper,  and Uoptas,
 'the north  wind.'   A race  of men found  at the
 extreme north of the two continents, in the vicin-
 ity of the polar circle.   It includes the Thibetans,
 Ostiaks, Kamtschadales, Laplanders, Samoiedes,
 Esquimaux, Ac.
   HYPERBU'LIA, from hyper, andfavXn,  'will.'
 Ungovernable will or volition.
   HYPERCARDIA, Heart, hypertrophy of the.
   HYPERCARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, hypertro-
 phy of the.
   HYPERCATAPINO'SIS, from hyper, and Kara-
 irtvttv, ' to sip up.'  Excessive activity of absorp-
 tion.
  HYPERCATHAR'SIS, Hyperine'de, Ilypcri
noe,  Snperpurgti'tio,  Effrenita'tio, from  hyper,
and xaSapots, ' purgation.'   Superpurgntion.
  HYPERCENO'SIS, from hyper,  and Ktvuott, 
HYPERCERASIS           480            HYPERNEURIA
 'evacuation.'  Excessive evacuation, as of blood,
 bile, Ac.
   HYPERCERASIS. Staphyloma of the cornea.
   HYPERCERATOSIS, Staphyloma of the cor-
 nea.
   HYPERCHOLIA, Polycholia.
   HYPERCHROMIA, from  hyper, and XP"uai
 'colour.'   A red fleshy excrescence at the inner
 angle of the eye, near the  caruncula lacrymalis,
 which sometimes grows very large, so as to sepa-
 rate the eyelids and interfere  with their move-
 ments.
   HYPERCHROMATOPS'IA,    Hyperchroma-
 lop'8y, from hyper, xpwua, xpwparos, 'colour,' and
 ou^s, ' vision.'  A defect of vision, owing to which
 ideas of colour are attached to objects, which
 convey no  such coloured impressions to a healthy
 eye.  It is the antithesis to achromatopsia.
   HYPERCINE'SIA, Hypercine'sis, from hyper,
. iind Ktvnots (kivsw, ' I move/) ' motion. Excessive
 motion.'  Under the term  hypercinesie, Romberg
 includes the spasmodic neuroses.
 - Hypercinksia  Nervosa,  see  Irritable — h.
 Uterina, Hysteria.
   IIYPERCINESIS GASTRICA, Hypochondri-
 asis.
   IIYPERCONJONCTIVITE, see Ophthalmia.
   HYPERCORYPHO'SIS,  from  hyper,  and
 Kopvtpn, ' the vertex;' the extreme point of any-
 thing.  The lobes of the liver and lungs. — Hip-
jiocrates.
*  HYPERCRIN'IA, Hyperdiuc'risie, Chymoze'-
 inia, from  hyper,  and Kptvw,  ' I  separate.'  A
 morbid .increase in the quantity of the  secre-
 tions.
   HYPER'CRISIS, same  etymon.  Stiperexcre'-
 tio, Superevacita'tio.  An excessive crisis, or eva-
 cuation ; a flux. — A very  violent, critical  effort,
 or too copious critical evacuations.—Galen.
   HYPERCYEMA, Superfoetation.
   HYPERCYESIS, Superfoetation.
   II Y P E R D E R M ATO'SIS. Hyperdermato'ma,
 Hyperdcrmo'eie, Hyperdermo'ma, from hyper, and
 itppa,  'skin.'  Hypertrophy of the skin.
   HYPERDTACRISIS,  Hypercrinia.
   HYPERDIURESIS, Diabetes.
   HYPERDYNAMIA, Hypersthenia.
   HYPERD YNAM'DV Hyperdynam'icua, from
 hyper, and ivvapts, ' strength.'  Appertaining to
 or having the  characters of hyperdynamia, or
 excessive strength—of the vital powers more es-
 pecially.
   HYPERECHEMA, see  Exaggerated.
   HYPERECHESIS, see  Exaggerated.
   HYPEREM'ESIS,   Hyperemes'ia,   Vom'itne
 profu'sus; from hyper, and tptw, 'I vomit.'  Ex-
 cessive vomiting.
    HYPEREMIE. Hyperaemia — h. du Cerveau,
 Cephalohaemia—h. CSrSbrale, Cephalohaemia —
 h. du Foie, Hepatohaemia — h. de la Moelle Spi-
 tn'ere, Hypermyelohaemia — h. dee Poumone, Ste-
 thaemia.            ,
    II YPERENCEPHALOTROPHIE; from
 hyper,  tyKttfiaXov, 'the encephalon/  and  rpoipn,
 '  nourishment.'  Hypertrophy of the encephalon.
 —Piorrv.
   HYPERENCEPH'ALUS,(F.)fff/per™c£j9Wr,
 from hyper, and KtipaXn,  ' the head.'  A  monster
 whose excessive brain is situate in the skull.
    //YPERENDOSMOSE, Inflammation.
   IIYPERENERGI'A, from hyper, and tvtpytta,
 'activity.'  Excessive activity, as of the nervous
 system.
  " HYPEREPIIIDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
    HYPEREPIDOSIS, Hyperauxesis.
    HYPERERETHIS'IA.from hyper, and tptflifn,
 *  I excite.'   Excessive irritability.
    UYPERES'IA,  'vntptoia,  'a ministry.'  This
 word is sometimes applied to the organs;—when
 it means function.
   HYPERESTHESIE, Hyperaesthesis.
   HYPERETRIA, Midwife.
   HYPERFIBRINATION, Hyperinosis.
   HYPERGEN'ESIS,  from hyper,  and ytvtots,
 'generation,' (F.) HypergSnSsie.  The excess of
 formative power, which gives occasion to mon-
 strosities by excess of parts.  See Monster.
   HYPERGEUS'TIA,  Hypergeileie,  Ilyperae-
 the'eia  lingua, Oxygetleia, from hyper, and ytvo-
 rts,  ' taste.'  Excessive sensibility of  the organ
 of taste.
   HYPERHjEMATOSIS, Inflammation.
   HYPERHiEMIA, Hyperaemia.
   HYPERHEPATOTROPHIE, Hepatauxe.
   HYPE-RHIDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
   HYPERHO'RA, from hyper, and  'wpa,  'time.'
 Premature development of  the body, or of some
 part.
   HYPERI'CUM  BACCIF'ERUM, Arbue'cula
 gummif'era Brazilien'eie, Caa-opia.   Ord. Hy-
 pericaceae.  A Brazilian tree, whose bark emits
 a juice, when wounded, which resembles gamboge.
 Hypericum is  considered by Linnaeus to  be de-
 rived from ' vit'p, 'over/ and ttxwv, 'an image or
 spectre;' from  its having been fancied  to possess
 the  power of driving away evil spirits.
   Hypericum  Officinale, H. perforatum — h.
 Offieinarum. II. perforatum.
   Hypericum  Perfora'tum, Hypericum, H. off\-
 cina'le seu officina'rum  seu vulga're seu Virgin'i-
' cum, Ftiga  Da'monum, Androea'mum,  f'o'rion,
 Perforated or Common St. John's Wort, (¥.) Mil-
 Icpertuia  ordinaire.  It is  aromatic  and  astrin-
 gent, and  enters into a number of aromatic pre-
 parations;  and, amongst others, into the Fall-
 trancke.  It was, at one time, much  used in dys-
 entery, hemorrhages,  Ac.  The juice is  acrid.
 The Oil of St. John'e Wort, Red oil, Lini men'turn
 seu O'leum hyperi'ci, Baleamnm hyperici aim'plex,
 is made by infusing §iv. of the flowers in a quart
 of olive oil.  It is applied to recent  bruises.
   Hypericum  Saro'thra,  Orange  grass,  Pine-
 weed, indigenous,  is applied in domestic prac-
 tice, boiled, to contusions and sprains.
   Hypericum Virginicum,  II. perforatum — h.
 Vulgare, II. perforatum.
   HYPERIDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
   HYPERINESIS. Hypercatharsis.
   HYPERINOS, Hypercatharsis.
   HYPERINO'SIS, Ino'eie, Hyperplaa'ma, from
 hyper, and is,  ivos, 'fibre.'   The condition  of tho
 blood in which it contains an increase in the pro-
 portion of fibrin, Hyper-fibrino'tion, Super-fibri-
 nation, a decrease of the corpuscles in proportion
 to the excess  of fibrin, and an increase of the
 fat, — as in inflammation.   In proportion to the
 increase  of the fibrin and  fat. and  the decrease
 of the corpuscle*, the whole solid residue will be
 diminished.  Also, morbidly-increased muscular
 activitv.—Siebenhaar.
   HYPERLYMPfl'IA, (F.) Hy perlymphi e ; from
 hyper and  lympha.  Excessive formation  or ac-
 cumulation of lymph.
   HYPERMETROHEMIE, Metrohaemia.
   IIYPERMNE'SIA,  from hyper,  and pvaopai,
 ' I recollect.'   Excessive memory.
   IIYPERMYELOHjE'MIA,   (F.)   Hypcremie
 de la Moelle Epiniere,  Congeetion sanguine rachi-
 dienne, from  hyper,  prtXos, ' marrow,' and 'aipa,
 ' blood.'  Hyperaemia of the spinal marrow.
   HYPERNEPIIROTROPHIE,  from  hyper,
 vttppos. 'kidney/ and rpoipn, 'nourishment.'  Hy-
 pertrophy of the kidney.
   HYPERNEU'RIA, from hyper, and vtvpov, 'a
 nerve.'  Excessive nervous activity. 
HYPERNEUROMA          481           HYPNONERGIA
  HYPERNEURO'MA, same etymon.  Morbid
development of the neurine or nervous masses.
  HYPERO-PHARYNGEUS, Palato-pharyn-
geus.
  HYPERO'A, from  hyper,  and  wov, 'a  high
place.'  The palatine arch,—the base of the cra-
nium ; the palate.
  HYPEROl'TIS, Inflamma'tio pala'ti, Angina
Palati'na, (¥.) Inflammation du P-dttie • from hy-
peroa, 'the palate,' and itie, a suffix denoting in-
flammation.   Inflammation of the velum palati.
  HYPEROOCHAS'MA, from  'vtrtpwa, 'the pa-
late/and  ^air^a, 'an opening;' Lycoaloma, Pa-
la turn flasum.  Fissure of the palate.
  HYPEROPSIA, Oxyopia.
  HYPEROS, Pilum.
  HYPEROSMIA, Hyperosphresia.
  HYPEROSPHRE'SIA, Hyperos'mia, Hyper-
asthe'sia olfa'-to'ria, Olfac'ttta ticit'tus, from hyper,
and  oetppnots,  'smell.'   Excessive acuteness  of
smell.
  HYPEROSTOSIS, Exostosis.
  HYPERPATHI'A. from hyper, and rados, 'suf-
fering.'  Excessive sensibility in disease.
  HYPERPHLEBO'SIS, from hyper, and <pXt^,
'a vein.'  Too great development  of the venous
system : predominant venosity.
 * HYPERPHLEGMASIA, Hyperphlogosis.
  UYPERPHLOGO'SIS, Epiphlogo'sis, Hyper-
phlegmtlsia, Inflamma'tio peracu'ta ; from hyper,
and  tpXoyweis, 'inflammation.' A  high  degree
of inflammation.
  HYPERPHRENIE, Mania.
  HYPERPIMELE, see Polysarcia.
  HYPERPLASMA, Hyperinosis.
  HYPERPLEXIE, Ecstasis.
  HYPERPNEUSTIA, Flatulence.
  HYPERPRESBYTIA, Presbytia.
  HYPERSARCHIDIOS, Physconia.
'  HYPERSARCO'MA,  Hyperaarco'ais, Hyper-
snrx'is, from hyper, and oap^,' flesh.'  A soft fun-
gous excrescence, especially such  as  appears
upon ulcerated parts.—A fungosity.
  HYPERSARC0SI3. Excrescence, Fungosity,
—h. Cordis, Heart, hypertrophy of the.
  HYPERSARXIS, Hypersarcoma.
  HYPERSPADIAS, Epispadias.
  HYPERSPASMIA,  Convulsion.
  II YPERSPLENO TR OP HIE, Splenon cus.
  HYPERSPONGIA, Spina ventosa.
  HYPERSTHENIC, Hyperdynamia, Hyper-
znddyna'mia, Status inflammato'rius verue;  from
hyper, and odtvos, 'strength.'   Super-excitement.
A morbid condition, characterized by over-excite-
ment of all the vital phenomena.
  HYPERSTHENIC,  Stimulant.
  HYPERSTHENICUS, Active, Stimulant.
  HYPERTONIA,  hyper,   and   twos,  'tone.'
Excess  of tone in  parts.  It is opposed to atony.
  HYPERTRICHOSIS: from hyper, and 0p<f,
rpiyoy, ' hair.'  Excessive production of hair.
  HY'PERTROPH^S'MIA,  from  hyper,  rpoipn,
'nourishment,' and 'aipa, 'blood.'   A state  in
which the plastic powers of the  blood are in-
creased.
  HYPERTROPMIA, Hypertrophy—h. Cerebri,
Phrenauxe —h.  Cordis,  Heart, hypertrophy  of
f!,e — h. Glandularum, Hyperadenosis — h. He-
I<>itis,  Hepatauxe—h.  Intestinorum, Enterhy-
p.-rrrophia — h. Lienis, Splenoncus — h. Splenis,
I-olenoncus — h. Uteri, Metrauxe — h. Unguium,
H.ivehanxe—h. Vesicae urinariae, Cystauxe.
  I1YPERTR0PHI/E, see Hypertrophy.
  HYPERTROPHIE DU  CCEUR, Heart, hy-
pcrtr pliv of the—h. Ccntriplte du Caw, Heart,
hypertrophy of the — h.  Concentrique du Cdeur,
Heart,  hypertrophy of the—h. du Foie, Hepa-
tauxe— h. de la Rate, Splenoncus — h. du Corps
Thyro'ide, Bronchocele.
  HYPERTROPHIED, see Hypertrophy.
  HYPERTR0PH1EN, see Hypertrophy.
  HYPERTROPHOUS, see Hypertrophy.
  HY'PERTROPHY', Hypertroph'ia, from hyper
and  rpoipn, 'nourishment.'  The state of a  part
in which the nutrition is  performed with greater
activity; and which, on that account, at length
acquires unusual bulk.  The part thus affected is
said  to  be  hyper'trophied  or  hyper'trophoua.
Hypertrophia is used by Neligan, as Hyper-
trophien is by Simon, for an order of cutaneous
diseases, characterized by  hypertrophy  of  the
derma, or epidermis, or both, or of the hair  fol-
licles.
  HYPERURESIS, Enuresis —h. Aquosa, Dia-

  HYPERURORRHEE, Diabetes—A.  Saccha-
rine, Diabetes (mellitus.)
  HYPERZOODYNAMIA, Hypersthenia.
  HYPEX'ODOS, 'virttoivs, from 'u^o, ' beneath/
and  t^oios, ' passing out.'  An alvine discharge
or flux.—Hippocrates.
  HYPEZOCUS, Diaphragm, Pleura. See  Hy-
pozoiua.
  HYPHA,  Texture.
  HYPHEMA, Ecchymoma.
  HYPII^EMATO'SIS,   Hypohamato'da, from
'vao,  ' under/  and 'ainarwois,  ' sanguification.'
Morbidly diminished haematosis.—Sunguifica'tio
debil'ior.
  HYPILEM03,  Subcruentus.
  I1YPHE,  Texture.
  HYPHYDROS, Hydropic
  HYPINO'SIS,  Hi/poplae'ma, from  'viro, 'un-
der/ and is,  tvos, 'libre.'  The  condition of the
blood in  which  the quantity of fibrin is frequently
less than in  health, or if it amounts to the usual
quantity, its  proportion to the blood corpuscles
is less than in health : the quantity of corpuscles
is either absolutely increased  or their proportion
to the fibrin is larger than in  healthy blood;  the
quantity of solid  constituents is also frequently
larger than in health.   Such is  the condition of
the blood in fevers, hemorrhages, and polyaemia,
—Simon.
  HYPN,ESTHESIS, Somnolency.
  HYTNAGO'GIC, Hypnago'gicue,  from 'virvos,
' sleep,' and aywyos, ' a leader.' Leading to sleep.
  Hypnagogic  hallucinatione are those   visions
which occur when we are half asleep.
  HYPNIA'TER, (F.) Hypniatre, from <v*vos,
'sleep.' and  tarpos, 'a physician.'  A name given
to deluded or designing persons who have affirmed
that they were able, during their 'magnetic sleep/
to diagnosticate disease and its appropriate treat-
ment.
  HYTNIC, Hyp'nicue, from 'vrvos, 'sleep.'   An
agent that affects  sleep.—Pereira.
  HYPNOBADES, Somnambulist.
  HYPNOBADISIS, Somnambulism.
  HYPNOBATASIS,  Somnambulism.
  HYPNOBATES, Somnambulist.
  1IYPN0BATESIS,  Somnambulism.
  HYPNOBATIA, Somnambulism.
  HY'PNO'DES, 'virvwins, from 'viro, 'under/ana
'vrvos, ' sleep.'  One. in a state of slumb er  or som-
nolency.
  HYPNODIA, Somnolency.
  HYPNOLOG"ICA,  Hypnolog"ice.   The part
of hygiene which  treats of sleep.
  HYPNOL'OGY, Hypnolog"ia, from Wi, and
Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  Same etymon.   A  treatise
on sleep.  The doctrine of sleep.
  HYPNONERGIA, Somnambulism. 
HYPNOPHOBIA            482             HYPOGASTRIC
   HYPNOPHOB'IA, from Woy, 'sleep/ and
 folios. ' dread.'   Dread of sleep.  Incubus.
   HYPNOPCEUS, Somniferous.
   UYPNOS, Sleep.
   HYPNO'SIS, from 'virvos, 'sleep.'  The super-
 vention or production of sleep.
   Hypnosis Biomagnetica, Sleep, magnetic.
   HYPNOTIC. Somniferous.
   HYPNOTISM, see Magnetism, animal.
   HYPNOTIZED, see Mesmerized.
   HYPO, 'vtto, 'aub,' 'under/ in composition.
   Hypo, Hypochondriasis.
   HYPOJEMA, Ecchymoma.
   HYPOXEMIA, Ecchymoma, Hypaemia.
   HYPOBLEPH'ARUM, from 'viro, 'under,'and
 BXtipapov, 'eyelid.'   Tumefaction  under one or
 both eyelids.   Also, an artificial  eye, placed un-
 der the  eyelids.
   HYPOCAPNISMA, Suffimentum.
   HYPOCAPNISMUS, Fumigation.
   HYPOCARO'DES, Subsopora'tus,  from 'viro,
 'under,' and xa/ios, 'a heavy sleep.'  One who is
 in a state approaching carus.—Hippocrates.
   HYPOCATHAR'SIS, from 'viro, 'under,'and
 KaSapois, ' purgation.'   Too feeble purgation.  A
 word opposed  to hypercatharsis.
   HYrPOCATHARTICUS, Laxative.
   HYTOCAUS'TUM,  from  'v-o,  'under,' and
 Katw, 'I burn.' A name given to a stove, or any
 such contrivance, to  sweat in.   Also, a furnace
 in  any  subterraneous place,  used  for heating
 baths :—'vitokuvotov, Balnea'rium, Vapora'rium.
   HYPOCEPHALiE'UM, from 'viro,' under/ and
 KtipaXn,  'head.'  A pillow for the head.
    HYPOCERCHA'LEON, from  'viro,  and Ktp-
 \aXtos,  'hoarse.'  Roughness of the fauces affect-
 ing the voice.—Hippocrates.
    HYPOCIILORETUM  SULPHUROSUM, Sul-
 phur, chloride of.
~   HYPOCHLOROM'ELAS,  eub-pal'lide ni'gri-
 cane, from 'viro, \Xwpos, 'green/ and ptXas, 'black.'
  A term applied to one whose skin is pale, with a
  blackish hue.—Hippocrates, Galen.
    HYPOCHOILION, Abdomen.
    HY'POCHONDRE, Hypochon'drium, Subcar-
  tilagin'eum, Re'gio Hypochondrlaca, Hypochoil-
  driac Region, from 'viro,  'under/  and %ovipos, 'a
  cartilage.'  Each lateral  and superior  region of
  the abdomen  is so called, because it is bounded
  by  the cartilaginous margin  of the false ribs,
  which  forms  the base of the chest.  There is a
  right and  a left hypochondrium.
    HYPOCHON'DRIAC, Hypochondrlacue, Hy-
  pochondriacal, Va'poury, Va'pouriah, (¥.) Hypo-
  chondriaque.   Same  etymon.  Belonging to hy-
  pochondriasis.  One  labouring under hypochon-
  driasis—hipped.
     HYPOCHONDRIACISMUS.Hypochondriasis.
     HYPOCHONDRIALGIA, Hypochondriasis.
     HYPOCHONDRIAQUE, Hypochondriac.
     HYPOCHONDRIASIS.  Same etymon. Ahl-
   eia seu  Hallucina'tio  hypochondriasis, Morbus
   hypochondrlacus seu Resiccato'rius seu Jtucttto'-
   sus, Malum hypochondrlacum, Hypochondriacis'-
   inns, Hypochondricis'mus, Dyspep'sia  hypochon-
   driasis,  Pas'sio  sen Affec'tio hypochondrl aca,
   Anathymlasis, Hypercine'sis gastrica,  Splenes,
   Melancholia nervea  seu flatuo'sa seu  hypochon-
   dri'aca,   Suffoca'tio  hypochondrl aca,  Morbua
   flatuo'aue seu erudito'rum, Fomee ventric'uli, Hy-
   pochondriem, Hypo, Hip, Spleen, Vapoure English,
   Malady, Loio Spirita, (¥.) Hypochondrie, Maladie
   imaginaire ou Anglaise,  Affection vcrjyoreuse, Va-
   peure.  This disease is  probably so called, from
   the circumstance of some hypochondriacs having
   felt an uneasy sensation in the hypochondriac
   regions.  Tbe disease seems really to be, as Pinel
   has classed it, a species of neurosis, and of mental
   alienation, which is observed in persons who in
other  respects are of sound judgment, but who
reason erroneously on  whatever concerns their
own health.  Hypochondriasis is characterized by
disordered digestion, without fever or local lesion j
flatulence ; borborygmi; extreme increase of sen-
sibility ;  palpitations ; illusions  of the senses; a
succession of morbid feelings,  which appear  to
simulate the  greater  part  of  diseases ; panics ;
exaggerated uneasiness of various kinds; chiefly
in what regards the health, Ac  Indigestion haa
usually  been considered the cause of hypochon-
driasis.   They  are,  unquestionably, much con-
nected with each other: but there is  every reason
to believe, that the seat of the  affection is really,
though  functionally, in the brain.  The disense
almost -always  appears at the  adult age,  most
commonly in irritable individuals; and in those
exhausted, or rather in the habit of being ex-
hausted  by  mental  labour, overwhelmed  with
domestic or public affairs, Ac.
   The treatment is  almost entirely  moral.  The
condition of the digestive function must, however,
be accurately attended to.
   HYPOCHONDRICISMUS,  Hypochondriasis.
   HYPOCHONDRISM, Hypochondriasis.
   HYPOCHOREMA, Excrement.
   HYPOCHORESIS, Dejection, Defecation, Ex-
crement.
   I1YPOCHORETICUS, Cathartic.
   HYPOCHYMA, Cataract.
   HYPOCHYROSIS,  Baryecoia.
   HYPOCHYSIS HAEMATODES, Haemophthal-
 mia.
   HYPOCISTIS, Cvtinus.
   HYPOCLEP'TICUM, from  'viro,  'beneath,'
 and  KXtirrw,  ' I  steal.'  A chymical vessel, for-
 merly used for separating oil from water.
   HYPOCCELIS, Palpebra inferior.
   HYPOCCRLIUM, Abdomen.
   HYPOCCELUM,  Hypocoilon, Palpebra infe-
 rior.
   HYP0C0rL0N,/7!//wca>7on, Hypocce'lum, Hy-
 poc'ylum, from  'viro, ' under/  and koiXov,  ' a ca-
 vity.'  A cavity situate under the  lower eyelid.
 The  lower eyelid itself.
   HYPOCOPHOSIS, Baryecoia, Deafness.
   HYPOCRA'NIUM (Apostema), from 'viro, 'un-
 der,' and xpaviov, ' the cranium.'  A collection of
 pus between the cranium and dura mater.
   HYPOCRATES, Infirm.
   HYPOCYLUM, Hypocoilon, Palpebra inferior.
   HYPOCYSTEOTOMIA, see Lithotomy.
   HYPODERIS, Epideris.
   HYPODERMAT'OMY^forlerniatom'ta.from
 'vno, 'under/ itppa, 'the skin,'and ropn,  'inci-
 sion.'  The  section  of subcutaneous parts-, as of
 tendons and muscles.
   HYPODER'MIC, Hypoder'niyue, (¥.) Hypo-
 dermique, from 'viro, 'under/ and  itppa,  'skin.'
 That which is under the skin, — as 'hypodermic
 medication/ (F.) MSdication hypodermique ; that
 which  consists in the application of remedies—as
 morphia—under the skin.
   HYPODERMIS, Clitoris, Epideris.
   HYPODERRHIS, Epideris.
   HYPODESMA, Bandage.
   HYPODYNAMIA  Adynamic
   HYPODYN'IA, from 'vno,  'under/ and oivvnt
 'pain.'  Dolor mi tie seu leuie.   A slight pain.
   HYTOGALA, Hypopyon.
   HYPOGASTRAL'GIA, from 'vr.oyaerpiov, 'the
 hypogastrium/ and aXyos, 'pain.'   Pain in  the
 hypogastrium.
   HYPOGASTRIC,  Hypogaa'tricua.   Relating
 or belonging to the hypogastrium.
   Hypogastric Artery, A. Iliaca  inter'na, A.
  niaca poate'rior, A.pelvienne—(Ch.), is the more
 internal of the two branches into which the pri-
  mary iliac divides.   It descends into  the  cavity 
HYPOGASTRION
483
HYPOPIUM
of the pelvis, and gives off a considerable number
of branches, which arise, at times, separately; at
others, by common trunks.  These branches are,
1. The poaterior, i. e. the ilio-lumbar arteries, la-
teral, sacral, and gluteal.  2. The anterior, i. e.
the umbilical, vesical, and obturator.  3. The in-
ternal—the middle hemorrhoidal arteries, uterine,
and vaginal in women.  4. The inferior, i. e. the
iechiatic arteriee, and internal pudic.
  Hypogastric Gan'glion.  A large nervous
ganglion, described by Dr. Robt. Lee as  seated
on  each side of the cervix uteri,  immediately be-
hind the ureter; which receives the greater num-
ber of the nerves of the hypogastric and sacral
plexuses, and distributes branches to the uterus,
\agina, bladder, and rectum.
  Hypogastric Operation op Lithot'omy, (F.)
 Taille hypogaatriquc.   The  high  operation, or
that practised above the pubes.
  Hypogastric Plexus,Plexua aous-mSsentSrique
of Winslow, is situate at the lateral and posterior
parts of the rectum and the baa fond of the blad-
der.  It is formed by the sacral nerves and the
inferior mesenteric plexus, and gives off numerous
filaments, which accompany the arteries that pass
to the rectum and genital organs.
  Hypogastric Vein furnishes  nearly the same
branches.
  HYPOGASTRION, Abdomen, Hypogastrium.
  HYPOGAS'TRIUM,  Hypogna'trion, from 'viro,
 'under,' and  ynornp,  'the stomach or belly;'
 Etron, nrpov,  Venter imua, V. parvus, Aqualic'-
ulus, Snnifii, Rumen; the lower part of the ab-
 domen.  The Hypogastric region, Re'gio hypo-
gaa'trica seu hypogae'tria, which extends ns high
as  three fingers' breadth beneath the umbilicus,
 is  divided  into three  secondary regions — one
 middle or pubic, and two lateral or inguinal.
   HYPOGASTROCE'LE,  from 'viro,  'under,'
 yaornp, 'the stomach or belly/and  KnXn,  'a tu-
 mour.'   Hernia  in the hypogastric region, occur-
 ring through  the  separated  fibres of the lower
 part of the linea alba.   See Hernia, hypogastric
   HYPOGASTRODID'YMUS,  Did'ymue Sym-
 phyohypogas'triue, Iechiopa'gee, from 'wo, 'un-
 der/ yaomp, 'the belly,' and iiivpos, 'a twin.'  A
 monstrosity in  which  twins  are united by the
 hypogastrium.—Gurlt.
   HYPOGASTRORIXIS, Eventration.
   HYPOGLOSSA, Hypoglottides.
   HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE, Hypoglossus.
   HYPOGLOSSIA, Hypoglottides.
   TIYTOGLOSSIADENFTIS, from 'viro, 'under/
 yX^ooa,  'tongue,' ainv, 'a gland,' and itie, deno-
 ting inflammation.  Inflamma'tio glandula'rum
 eublingua'liitm.  Inflammation of the sublingual
gland.
   HYPOGLOSSIDIA, Hypoglottides.
   HYPOGLOSSIS, Hypoglos'eium, Hypoglott'ie,
Hypoqloltia,  from 'viro,  'under,' and yXwooa,
 ' tongue.'  The under surface of the tongue; any-
thing under the tongue; and hence, Ranula.
  HYPOGLOSSIUM, Hypoglossis, Ranula*
   HYPOGLOSSUM,  Ruscus  hypoglossum,  Ra-
nula.
  HYPOGLOS'SUS,  from 'viro,  'under,  and
yXwooa,  ' the  tongue.'   That which is  under the
tongue.
  Hypoglossus, Lingua'lie Me'dine,Hypogloee'al
or Lingual or Gua'tatory Nerve, (¥.)  Nerfi Hypo-
glosse ou Grand Hypogloeee, Hypogloasien (Ch.),
is the ninth pair of nervee, Par noniim, Nervua
hypngloaaua seu  loquena, of many anatomists.  It
arises by ten  or twelve very fine filaments from
the grooves, which separate the corpora pyrami-
dalia from the C. olivaria; issues from the  cra-
nium by the foramen condyloideum anterius; and
divides,  near the angle  of  the jaw, into  two
branches; the one, the cervica'lie deecendene or
deecen'dene noni.  It  forms,  with  the cervical
plexus, a large  anastomotic arch, and furnishes
branches to several of the muscles of the neck.
The other, the lingual branch, is the continuation
of the principal trunk,  and gives its numerous
filaments to the muscles of the tongue and pha-
rynx.  The ninth pair communicates motion ta
the muscles to which it is distributed.
  HYPOGLOTTIA, Hypoglossis, Hypoglottides.
  HYPOGLOTT'IDES, (PILULiE,) Hypogloa'-
aia, Hypogloltia, Hypoglos'sa, Hypoglot'ta, Hy-
pogloaeid'ia, Pilulce aublingua'lee.   Pills placed
under the tongue to dissolve there.
  HYPOGLOTTIS, Hypoglossis, Ranula.
  HYPOGLU'TIS, from 'viro, 'under,' and  yXov-
tos, ' the nates.'  The  lower and projecting  part
of the nates.—Gorraeus.
  HYPOGNATHADEN, Submaxillary gland.
  HYPOGNATHADENrTIS,JfyjwWaZadem'fi*,
from hypognathaden, the submaxillary gland, and
itia, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the
submaxillary gland.
  HY'POHiE'MA,  from 'viro, 'under,' and aipa,
'blood.'  Effusion of blood into the chambers of
the eye.  It is generally absorbed in time.
  HYPOH^MATOSIS, Hypbaematosis.
  HYPOHJEMIA, Hypaemia.
  HYPOLEPSIOMANIA, Melancholy.
  HYPO'MIA, from 'viro, 'under,' and wpos,  'the
shoulder.'  That which lies under the shoulder,
as the axilla.
  HY'POMO'RIA, from 'wo, 'under,' and pwpta,
'folly.'   Slight  imbecility of  mind, or slight
delirium.
  HYPONARTHECIE,  Hyponarthe'cia,  from
'viro,  'under/ and vapQnir 'a splint.'   A term used
by M. Mayor for his  mode of treating fractures
by position only, — the limb resting upon a pro-
perly cushioned board or splint.
  HYPONEU'RIA, from  'viro, 'under,' and vtv-
pov,  'a  nerve.'  Morbidly diminished nervous
energy.
  HYTON'OMOS, Ulcus eubtu8 depas'cene, from
'viro, 'under,' and vtpw, 'I feed.'  A deep fistula
or ulcer.
  HYPON'YCHON, from 'viro, 'under/and owf,
'the  nail.'  Ecchymo'ma Hyponychon.  Effusion
of blood under a nail.
  HYPOPATHFA, Subaffec'tio, from  'viro, 'un-
der/and irados, 'disease.'   A disease of a slight
character.
  HYPOPATUS, Dejectio.
  HYPOPE'DIUM, from 'viro, 'under/ and iron,,
'the  foot.'  A cataplasm for the sole of the foot.
  HYPOPH'ASIS, from 'viro, 'under/ and ipatvw,
'I appear.'  The state of the eyes  in which the
white only is seen through the  opening of the
eyelids.—Hippocrates.
  HYPOPHLEGMASIA, Subinflammatio.
  HYPOPH'ORA, from 'viro, 'under,' and  $tpw,
'I carry;'  Ulcue einuo'eum seu fietulo'sum. A
fistulous ulcer.—Galen.  A dejection.
  HYPOPHTHALMIA, Hypopyon.
  HYPOPHTHAL'MION,  from 'viro,  'under/
and oipSaXpos, 'the eye.'  That part under the eyo
where oedema generally commences in  chronic
diseases and in cachexia.—Hippocrates.
  HYPOPHYSIS,  Cataract, Epigone —h. Cere-
bri. Pituitary gland.
  HYPOP'ITYS  LANUGINOSA,  from  W,
'under,' and irirvs,  'a  pine tree,' from the place
of its growth.  American Pine-sap, False Beech-
drope, Birda' Neat.  Indigenous; flowering from
June to August.   Order, Ericaceae.  Used as a
nervine  in the form of the  powdered root.
  HYPO'PIUM, from  'viro,  'under/ and  w\|,( 
HYPOPLASMA             484            HYPOUCANNA
' eye.'  The part of the  face under the eye: — a
black eye.
  Hypopium Os, Malae os.
  HYPOPLASMA, Hypinosis.
  .HYPOPLAST^E'MA, from 'viro, 'under,' irXae-
tikos, ' formative,'and 'aipa, 'blood.' Diminished
plasticity of the blood.
  HYPOPLEURIUS, Pleura.
  nYPOPO'DIA,  Supplanta'lia,  Suppcda'nen,
from'vtro, 'under/ and zovs, 'the fe>ot.'   Reme-
dies, as  sinapisms, which are applied under the
foot.
  HYPOP'YON,  Hypop'ynm,  Hypophthal'mia,
Pyophthalmia, Empye'eie seu Diapye'eie seu Ab-
ecee'eue  Oc'uli, Oc'tiltie puriilen'tue, Lunell'a, Hy-
pog'ala, Hypopyum  lac'teum, Pyo'eia, Parop'at'8
Staphylo'ma purulentttm ; from 'wo, 'under/ and
■kvov, 'pus;' because  the pus is under the cornea.
This name has been given to small abscesses be-
tween the laminae of the cornea,  as well as to
different purulent collections in the chambers of
the eye;  hence, some pathologists have distin-
guished Hypop'yon of the chambere from Hypop'-
yon of the cor'nea.  In abscesses of the chambers,
the purulent matter is mixed with the aqueous
humour, which it renders turbid; and is deposited
particularly at the lower part of the eye ; forming
behind the cornea a kind of whitish crescent, that
rises more or less before the pupil, and closes it
entirely or in part.   It requires the use of local
and  general  antiphlogistics,  and  sorbefacients.
At times, it is necessary to puncture the cornea
and  evacuate the pus.
  Hypopion was used by Galen to signify "an
effusion of blood under the eyelids and tunica
conjunctiva,  or under  the  lower  eyelid." —
Blancard.
  HYPOPYUM LACTEUM. Hypopyon.
  HYPORIN'ION,  Hyporrhiilium,  from  'viro,
'under/ and piv, 'the nose.'  That part of the
beard which grows beneath the nose.  The mus-
taches.   Also, tbe upper lip.
  HYPORRHYSIS, Defluxion, Prolapsus.
  HYPOSA'PRUS, Subputrie,Putree'cene. Grow-
ing  putrid;  slightly putrid.  Game, of various
kindv (F.) Viandee faieandSee, is, at times, pre-
ferred in an  incipient  state  of decomposition,
which certainly renders  it more digestible.
  HYPOSAR'CA, from 'uiro, 'under/ and oap\,
' flesh ;' Hypoxarcid'iite, Anasarca. In the Noso-
logies of Linnaeus and  Cullen, it is synonymous
with Phyaconia
   HYPOSARCIDIUS, Anasarca, Hyposarca.
   HYPOSARCO'SIS, from  't»ro, 'under/ and
 eapKwais,  ' a  fleshy growth.'  A small,  fleshy
 growth :—a wart.
   HYPOSIAGON, Maxillary bone, inferior.
   HYPOSIAGONARTHRI'TIS, from 'viro, 'un-
 der,' otaywv,  'the  jawbone,' ('lower jawbone,')
 apdpov,  'a joint/ and itie, denoting inflammation ;
 Inflamma'tio  artic'uli maxilla inferio'rie.   In-
 flammation of the joint of the lower jaw.
   HYPOSIALADEN, Submaxillary gland.
   HYPOSIALADENITIS, Hypognathadenitis.
   HYPOSPA'DIA,  Hypoapadi'asia, from 'viro,
 'under,' and oiraw, 'I draw.'  A malformation, in
 which the canal of the  urethra, instead  of open-
 ing at  the apex of the glans, terminates  at its
 base, or beneath the penis, at a greater or less
 distance  from the symphysis pubis.  When  the
 orifice of the urethra is  very near the root of the
 penis, the scrotum is divided, as it were, into two
 great  labia;  and this  malformation has  often
 been taken for a case of hermaphrodism.   Hypo-
 spadia  is ordinarily incurable;  and an idea  has
 been entertained that it is the cause of impotence
 It is not exactly so; but it renders impregnation
 less probable.
  HYPOSPA'DIAS, Hypospadia''tie, Hypoepad'*
icue.  One affected with hypospadia.
  HYPOSPADIASIS, Hypospadia.
  HYPOSPATUIS'MUS, from 'viro, 'under/ and
oiraBtov, 'a ladle or sprr.ula.'  A surgical opera-
tion, with  the ancients, in cases  of severe 'do-
fluxion to the eyes/ which consisted in incisions
made in the scalp down to the bone, and  the in-
sertion of an instrument called a epath'ion or hy-
poapathie'ter to enable the intermediate parts to
be divided.  The precise character of the opera-
tion is not well described, and  it is  no longer
known.—Paulus of iEgina.
  HYPOSPATHISTER, see Hypospathismus.
  HYPOSPHAG'MA, from  'viro, 'under.'  and
otpa(,w, 'I kill.'  The coagulated blood, which  is
collected when an animal is killed and used for
food.  Also, an effusion of blood, especially under
the conjunctiva.
  Hyposphagma, Haemophthalmia.
  HYPOSTAPHYLE, Staphyloedema.
  HYPOSTAPHYLITIS, see Staphylitis.
  HYPOS'TASIS, from'uiro, 'under/and oraois,
'the act of placing.'   A morbid deposition in the
body.  Sediment.
  HYPOSTATIC, Hy postal icus, from  'viro, 'un-
der,' and oracts, 'stagnation.'  Relating to hy-
postases, sediments or depositions.
  Hypostatic Hyperemia.  A congestion  of
blood in the vessels of a part, caused  by its de-
pending position.
  HYPOSTEMA,  Sediment.
  HYPOSTHENIA, Debility.
  HYPOSTHENIC, Contrastimulant.
  IUYPOS'TROPHE",  'viroerpoipn,  'change of po-
sition,' from 'viro, and orpt<!>w, 'I turn.'   Act of a
patient turning himself.  Also, a relapse or return
of a disease.—Hippocrates, Foesius.
  HYPOSTYP'TIC,  Hypostyp'ticue, from 'viro,
 'under,' and orvxpts, 'constriction.'   A feeble
 astringent.
   HYPOSYPH'ILIS, from  'wo, 'under,' and
 Syphilie.  A mild form of syphilis.
   HYPOTH'ENAR, Sub'vola, from 'wo,  'under,'
 and Stvap,  'the palm of the hand or sole of the
 foot.'  Hypothenar Em'inence. The fleshy projec-
 tion of the palmar surface of the hand, which cor-
 responds with the little finger, and is  supported
 by tbe fifth metacarpal bone.  This  eminence is
 formed  of four muscles:  the Palmarie brevie,
 Adductor  seu  Flexor brevie minimi digiti, and
 Opponen8 minimi digiti.  The name Hypothenar
 has also been given to  different muscles of tbe
 hand.  The Hypothenar minimi digiti of Riolan
 comprehended the Abductor, Flexor brevis and
 Opponene minimi digiti;  and  his muscle, Hy-
 pothenar pollicie, corresponded to the Abductor
 and  a portion of  the Flexor  brevie  pallida.
 Winslow called the Adductor minimi digiti, mus-
 cle petit hypothenar ou hypothSnar du petit doigt.
    Hypothenar Minimi Digiti, Flexor parvus
 minimi  digiti — h. Minor metacarpeus, Abductor
 minimi  digiti—h. Riolani, Flexor parvus minimi
 digiti.
    HYPOTHETON, Suppository.
    HYPOTHYMIAMA, Fumigation.
    HYPOTHYMIASIS, Fumigation.
    HYPO'TIUM, (Emplaetrum;) from '■.-«, 'un-
 der/and ovs, 'the ear.' Emplae'trum auricula're;
 a plaster applied behind or under the ear.
    HYPOTROPHE, Relapse.
    HYPOTROPH'IA, Hypotrophy,  from  'vee,
 'under/ and rpoipn, ' nourishment.'  Scanty nour-
 ishment or nutrition.  Atrophy.
    HYPOTROPIASMUS, Relapse.
;    HYPOTRYGUS, Feculent.
j    HYPOUCANNA, Ipecacuanha. 
HYPOUTRION
485
HYSTERO-CYSTOCELE
  HYPOUTRION, Abdomen.
  UYPOXEMIE, Asphyxia.
  HYPOX'YS ERECTA, Stargrass; from W,
•beneath/ and o£i>s, 'sharp,' because the pod is
acute at the base [?] ; indigenous;  Order, Ama-
ryllidaceae.  The root is eaten, and has been used
as a  vulnerary;  and in chronic ulcers and agues.
  UYPOZO'MA, from 'viro, 'under,' and $wwvpi,
'I bind round;' Membrana succin'gene.   A mem-
brane or septum, as the mediastinum, diaphragm,
Ac
  HYPPOCRAS, Claret.
  I1YPSELOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus.
  HYPSILODES, OS,  Hyoides os.
  HYPSILOGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus.
  HYPSONOSUS, Puna.
  HYPSOPHO'NUS.from 'v^os, 'high,' and ipwvn,
'voice.'  One who has a clear high voice.
  HYPSOSIS, Sublimation.
  HYPTIASMA, Supination.
  HYPTIAS'MOS, from 'virna^w, 'I lie with the
face  upwards.'  Lying in a supine posture. Also,
inversion of the  stomach, as in nausea,  regurgi-
tation, or vomiting.—Hippocrates, Galen.
  HYPU'LUS,   from 'wo,  and ovXn, 'cicatrix.'
Imperfectly cicatrized.
   Ulcera hypu'la.  Ulcers healed at the top, but
not at tbe bottom.
  HY'RA'CEUM.  A  substance  found  in  the
Cape Colony, which Thunberg and  other travel-
lers  mistook for  a kind of bitumen ; but, accord-
ing to Dr. Pappe, it is obtained from the urine of
the  Klipdae  or  Hyrax  Capensie, which,  when
passed, is thick and of a  glutinous nature.  The
animal is in the  habit of evacuating the  urine at
one  spot, where  its aqueous parts evaporate in
the  sun — the more tenacious  adhering to the
rock and hardening.
  In smell, and  medical properties, it most re-
sembles castor, which, according to Dr. Pappe, it
may replace.  It is used by the  Cape farmers in
nervous and spasmodic  affections.
  HYRAX CAPENSIS, see Hyraceum.
  HYRTOCHEILIDES, Labia pudendi.
  HYSOPE, Hyssopus.
  HYSSOP, Hyssopus —h. Hedge, Gratiola offi-
cinalis.
  HYSSOPI'TES.  Ancient name of a wine, of
which hyssop was the chief ingredient, and which
Dioscorides extolled in chronic inflammation of
the chest.  It was regarded as diuretic and em-
menagogue.
  HYSSO'PUS,  from tbe Hebr. Azob, Caaalala,
Hyeaopne ojficiiia'lie, Common hy8eop, (F.) Hyaope.
It has been chiefly used as an  ai-omatic, stimu-
lant, and pectoral, in the form of infusion.
  HYSTERA, 'vortpa, 'vortpn,  'the  uterus.'
Hence:
  Hystera, Secundines.
  HYSTERAL'GIA,  Hyaterodyn'ia,  (¥.)  Por-
traiture,  from 'vortpa,  'the uterus,' and  aX.yes,
'pain.'  Pain in  the uterus.  Irritable uterue, (¥.)
NSvralgie de lutSrue.   Hippocrates uses the epi-
thet Hyeteral'gee, vortpaXyns, for any thing that ex-
cites uterine pain ; and, especially, [?] for  vinegar.
  Hysteralgia  Catarrhalis, Metrorrheuma —
h. Galactica, Phlegmatia alba dolens —h. Lochi-
alis,  Dyslochia—h. Rheumatica, Metrorrheuma.
  HYSTERAPOPNIXIS, Angone.
  HYSTERATRE'SIA, Atretome'tria,  from
'vortpa,  'the  uterus/ and arpnrus, 'imperforate.'
Imperforation of the os uteri.
  HYSTERELCO'SIS, from 'vortpa, 'uterus/and
UXkos, 'an ulcer.' U'teri exulcera'tio, U'teri ulcue.
Ulceration  of the uterus.
  HYSTERELOSIS, Hysteroloxia.
  HYSTEREMPHYSEMA, Physometra.
  HYSTE'RIA,//. vaya, Hystericie'muSfHysterie- I
mtts, Hysteriae, Hysterlaeis, Hysteropathi'a, Hv-
percine'sia uteri'na seu hyste'ria, Uteri adaceil-
aue, Sttffoca'tio hyeter'ica seu uteri'na seu mulie'-
rum,  Aethma  u'teri,  Prafoca'tio matrlcie  seu
uteri'na, Syepa'eia hysteria. Malum  hyster'icitn
sen hysterico-hypochondri'acum, Vupo'rea uterin :,
Affec'tio seu Pusaio hyeter'ica, Morbus hystericus,
Strangula'tio  uteri'na seu  Vulva,  Vapoura, Hys-
terica, Hy8teric fit,  Mother, (¥.) Hy ate rie, Mo I
de Mire, Maktdie imaginaire, Paasion hyatSriquc,
Suffocation utSrine, Etranglement, Epilepeie utS-
rine,  Vapeure, Manx de Nerfa, from 'vortpa, ' the
uterus.'  A species of neurosis, classed amongst
the spasmi by Sauvages and Cullen, and in  the
NSvroses de la gSnSration, by Pinel.   It received
the name of  hysteria, because  it was reputed to
have its seat  in  the uterus.  It generally occurs
in paroxysms; the principal characters of which
consist in alternate fits of laughing and crying,
with a sensation as if a ball set out from  the
uterus and ascended towards the stomach, chest,
and neck, producing a sense of strangulation. If
the attack be violent, there is, sometimes, loss of
consciousness (although the presence of conscious-
ness generally distinguishes it from epilepsy) and
convulsions.  The duration of the attacks is very
variable.  It  appears to be dependent upon irre-
gularity of nervous distribution in very impres-
sible  persons, and is not confined to  the female;
for well-marked cases of hysteria are occasionally
met with in men.  During the fit,—dashing cold
water on the face, stimulants applied to the nose,
or exhibited internally, and antispasmodics, form
the therapeutical agents.  Exercise, tranquillity
of mind, amusing and agreeable occupations con-
stitute the prophylactics.   See  Mania, dancing.
  Hysteria Cataleptica, Catalepsy — h. Vaga,
Hysteria.
  HYSTERIAS, Hysteria.
  HYSTERIASIS, Hysteria.
  HYSTERICA, see Hysterical.
  HYSTER'ICAL, Hystericus, Va'pourish, IV-
pouring, (¥.)  HystSrique.   Same etymon as hys-
terical.  Relating to or affected with hysteria.
  The word hysterica was  used by Martial for  a
female affected with nymphomania or with strong
sexual desires.
  IIYSTERICISMUS, Hysteria.
  HYSTERICS, Hysteria.
  HYSTER IE, Hysteria.
  HYSTERISMUS, Hysteria.
  HYSTERITES, Hydrometra.
  HYSTERITIS, Metritis, Hydrometra.
  HYSTEROCARCINOMA, Metrocarcinoma.
  HYrSTEROCE'LE, from  'vortpa, 'the womb/
and  KnXn, 'hernia.'  Metroce'le, Her'itia u\eri,
Hernia of the  womb.   This is a rare disease.   The
womb may protrude through the inguinal or the
crural canal,  or through the lower part of  the
linea alba.
  Hysterocele Nuba, Prolapsus uteri.
  HYSTEROCOLICA, Colica uterina.
  HYSTEROCNES'MUS, from 'veitpa, 'uterus/
and Kvnopos, 'itching.'  Pruritus of the  uterus or
genitals.
  HYSTEROCRANIUM, Occiput.
  HYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy.
  HYS'TERO-UYSTIC, Hye'terocys'ticue,  from
'vortpa,  'the  uterus,' and  kvotis,  'the  bladder.'
Relating to the  uterus and bladder.   Some  au-
thors have called Hystero-cystic Retention of urine,
that which is caused by the compression of  the
bladder by the uterus, during pregnancy.
  HYSTERO-CYSTOCE'LE, from 'vortpa, 'tho
womb,' kvotis, ' the bladder,' and KnXn, 'a tumour.
Hernia of the uterus complicated with  displace-
ment of the bladder. 
HYSTERODYNIA           486                IATRINE
  nYSTERODYNIA, nysteralgia.
  HYSTERCEDEMA, Hydrometra.
  HYS'TEROID, Hyetero'dee, Hyeteroi'dea, from
 hysteria,' and tiios,  'resemblance.'  Resembling
hysteria;—as a  hysteroid disease, symptom, Ac.
  HYSTEROL'OGY, Hysterolog"ia, from 'vortpa,
' the uterus/ and Xoyos, ' a description.'  A trea-
tise on the sound and morbid uterus.
  HYSTEROLOX'IA, Hysterelo'aia,  Obliq'uitas
ten Situs obllquue  uteri, Flexio seu Vereio  in-
comple'ta  seu Inclina'tio  uteri, Metrolox'ia, Me-
trocampa'ie, Metroecolio'ma, Uterue obllquue seu
Inclina'tus;  from 'vortpa, 'the uterus/ and Xo£os,
'oblique.'  An  oblique position  of  the uterus,
occurring during pregnancy.  Antevereion of  the
uterus, Hysterolox'ia  anterior,  Antevereio seu
 Prona'tio uteri, Venter propendene; and Retro-
vereion  of the  uterue, Hysterolox'ia  posterior,
Retrover'eio  uteri,  Reflex'io uteri completa, are
varieties.
  HYSTEROMALA'CIA, Hysteromalaco'ais, Hy-
eteromalaco'ma,  Metromalaco sis, Metromalaco'ma,
Ma/aco'eie uteri, Emollil'iee uteri morboea, Pu-
treecen'tia u'teri grav'idi, from 'vortpa, ' the ute-
rus,' and paXaKia,   'softness.'   Softness  of the
uterus during pregnancy, which renders it liable
to rupture in labour.
  HY'STEROMALACOMA, Hysteromalacia,
  HYSTEROMANIA, Nymphomania.
  HYSTEROMETER, see Sound, uterine.
  HYSTEROMOCHLIUM, Lever.
  HYSTERON'CUS,  from  'vortpa, 'the uterus/
rind oyKos, 'tumour.'  Metron'cue, Hyeterophy'ma,
Metrophyma,  Tumor  uteri.  A  tumour of the
uterus.
  HYSTERO-PARAL'YSIS,5J/«<erojo?e'^'a,from
'vortpa,  'the  uterus/  and irapaXvots, 'paralysis.'
Paralysis of the uterus.
  HYSTEROPATHI'A, from 'vortpa, 'the ute-
rus,' and naOos,  'suffering.'  Disease or suffering
in  the  uterus.   Also,  hysteria,  and  deutero-
pathia.
  HYSTEROPnYMA, Hysteroncus.
  HYSTEROPHYSE, Physometra.
  HYSTEROPII'YSIS,  from 'vortpa,  'the ute-
rus,' and tpvon, 'wind.'  Distension of the uterus
with air ;  Emphyee'ma u'teri.
  HYSTEROPLEGIA, Hysteroparalysis.
  HYTSTEROPNIX, Angone.
  HYSTEROPOLYPUS, Metropolypus.
  HYSTEROPSOPHIA,  Physometra.
  HYSTEROPTO'SIS, from 'vortpa, 'the womb,'
and ltrwais, 'fall;' Prolapau8 uteri. Also,Inversio
uteri,  Anae'txophe uteri.  In a general sense, a
protrusion of any part of the geiatal organs or of
excrescences from them into the genital passages;
AEdopto'eia.
  Hysteroptosis,  Prolapsus uteri — h. Vaginaa
prolapsus, Prolapsus vaginae.
  HYSTERORRHAGIA  SANGUINEA,  Me-
trorrhagia.
  HYSTERORRHEXIS, Uterus, rupture of the.
  IUYSTERORRHCEA,  Metrorrhagia —h.  Mu-
cosa, Leucorrhoea.
  HYSTEROSALPINX, Tube, Fallopian.
  HYSTEROSCIRRHUS, Metroscirrhus.
  HYS'TEROSCOPE, from 'vortpa, 'the uterus,'
and oKoirtw, 'I view.'  A metallic mirror, used in
inspecting the state of the os uteri for throwing
the rays of a taper to the bottom of the speculum
uteri.—Colombat de 1'IsSre.
  HYSTEROSPASM'US, from  'vortpa,  'the
womb/ and airaepos, ' spasm.'  Spasm of tho ute-
rus.   Also, hysterical spasm.
  HYSTEROSTOMA, Os uteri.
  HYSTEROSTOMAT'OMUS, from 'vortpa, 'the
womb,' oropa, 'orifice/ and rtpvttv, 'to cut.'  An
instrument invented by Coutouly for dividing the
os uteri, when it is  important to  deliver immedi-
ately, as in cases of convulsions.
  HYSTEROSTOMIUM, Os uteri.
  HYSTEROSYNIZESIS, Metrosynizesis.
  HYSTEROTOME, Hysterotomus.
  HYSTEROTOM'IA, Hyeterot'omy.   Same ety-
mon as Hysterotomus.  Caesarean section.  Also,
dissection of the uterus.
  HYSTEROTOMOTOCIA, Caesarean section.
  HYSTEROT'OMUS, Hyeterotome, Metrot'omus,
Me'trotome, from 'vortpa, 'the womb/ and rtpvttv,
'to cut.'   An instrument for dividing the womb
through  the vagina.  It is a kind  of Bietoiifi
caehS, and is intended to divide the  cervix and
os uteri,—Hyeteroatomalornue.
  HYSTEROTRISM'US,  from  'vortpa,  'the
womb,' and rpi$w, 'I gnash.'  Spasmodic contrac-
tion of the uterus, especially of its mouth.
  HYSTREMPHYSEMA, Physometra.
  HYSTRIASIS, nystriciasis.
  nYSTRICI'ASIS, Hystrlaeie, Hys'trix, Hys-
tricie'mua, Ceroatro'aia,  Tricho'eie aeto'ait, from
'verpi£, 'vorpi)(os, 'a hedgehog or porcupine.'  A
disease of the hairs, in which they stand erect
like the quills of the porcupine.
  HYSTRICISMUS, Hystriciasis.
  HYSTRIX, Hystriciasis.
  UYVES, Hives.
I.
  IAMA, Medicament.
  IAMATOLOGY, Materia medica.
  IAMATOSYNTAXIOLOGIA*  see  Prescrip-
tion.
  IAMATOSYNTAXIS, see Composition.
  IAMATOTAXIOLOGIA, see Prescription.
  IASIMOS, Curable.
  IASIS, Curation.
  IATERIA, Medicina.
  IATERIUS, Medicinal.
  IATRALEIP'TICE,  IatralipticS (Are), Iatra-
leiptic  or  Iatralip'tic method; from tarpos, 'a
physician/ and aXtitpw,  'I anoint.'  The  method
of treating diseases adopted by the Iatraleptes,—
that is, by friction chiefly.
  IATRALEP'TES,  lutraleip'tee,  Iatralip'ta,
latroldp'tes, Med'icue Unguenta'rius.  One who
treats diseases by unguents, frictions, and by ex-
ternal means generally.  Prodicus, a disciple of
jEsculapius, was the chief of the Iatraleptes.
  IATRALIPTES, Iatraleptes.'
  IATRALIPTICE,  Iatraleiptice.
  IATREUSIOLOG"IA, from larptveis, 'the ex-
ercise of the art of  healing,'  and Xoyos,  'a de-
scription.'  The  doctrine of the exercise  of the
healing art.—Reil.
  IATREUSIS.   The exercise of the healing art.
  IATRIA, Medicina.
  IATRICE, Medicina.
  IATRICUS, Medical; see Digitus.
  IATRI'NE,  Medicina.  Also, a  female  practi-
tioner of medicine; a midwife. 
IATRION                487                ICTERUS
  IATRI'ON, tarpttov, Iatre'on, Id'tron, Ietri'on,
Medicatrlna.   The house or-office of a physician
or surgeon.  Also,  the physician's fee or hono-
rarium.
  IATROCIIEMIA, Chymiatria.
  IATROCHYMIA, Chymiatria.
  IAniOGNOM'ICA./nrrog'Hom'i'ce ; from tarpos,
•a physician,'and ytvwexw,  'I know.'   A know-
ledge of medical objects.—Hufeland.
  IATROLEIPTES,  Iatraleptes.
  IATROLOG"IA,  Iatrology,  from  tarpos, 'a
physician,'and Xoyos, 'a description.'   A treatise
ou physic and physicians.
  IATROMAN'TIS,  from tarpos, 'a  physician.'
and  ^nvTtia, 'divination.'  A physician who is  a
soothsayer.
  IATRO-MATHEMATICAL  PHYSICIANS,
Iatromathemat'iei.  Mechanical  physicians.
  IATROMECHAN1CI, Mechanical  physicians.
  IATRON, Iatrion.
  IATR'iPHYSICS, Physics, medical.
  IATROS, Iatrus.
  IATROSOPHIS'TA.from tarpos,  <a physician/
and oo<piorns, 'one skilled in an art or science.'
A learned, or thoroughly  educated physician.
  IATROTECH'NA,  latrotech'nea; from tarpos,
•a physician/ and rt^vn, 'art.'  A practical phy-
sician or surgeon.
   IATROTECHNICE. .Medicina, Therapeutics.
   IATRUS, Iatros, Physician;  also, a surgeon.
   IBERIS, Lepidium iberis.
   Ibe'ris  Ama'ra, Bitter candytuft,  (¥.) Passe-
rage,  from. Iberia, where it  is  indigenous.  A
small herbaceous plant, Ord. Cruciferae, indigen-
 ous  in Europe, which was  employed, of old, in
gout,  rheumatism, Ac.   The  seeds  have  been
used, in the dose of one to three grains, in asthma,
 bronchitis, dropsy, and hypertrophy of the heart.
 It is said to possess acro-narcotic properties; but
 it is not much used.
   Iberis  Bursa Pastorts, Thlaspi  bursa — i.
 Campestris, Thlaspi  campestre — i. Sophia, Car-
 damine pratensis.
   IBICUIBA, Becuiba, Becuiba nux.   A species
 of nut from Brazil, the emulsive kernel of which
 is ranked amongst balsamic remedies.
   IBIS, tj3is.  A bird held  sacred  by the Egyp-
 tians.  When sick, it is asserted that it was wont
 to inject the water of the Nile into its fundament:
 whence, according to Langius,  was learned the
 use of glysters.
   IBISCHA  MTSMALVA, Althaea.
   IBISCUS, Althaea.
   IBIXUMA, Saponaria.
   ICE, Sax. ir, Gla'cies, Frozen water, (¥.) Glace.
 Iced water is much  used internally, as the best
 refrigerant in fever.  It  is, also, applied exter-
 nally, in  cases of external  inflammation, as well
 as in phrenitic and hernial  affections, Ac, in the
 form of the ice-cap and ice-cataplasm or ice-poul-
 tice ;  formed  by half  filling  a  bladder  with
 pounded ice.
   ICE-CAP. see Ice.
   ICE-COLD,  ley cold,  (F.) Froid glacial.  A
 very strong morbid  sensation of cold, compared
 by  the patient to that which would be produced
 by  the application of pieces of  ice.
   ICE-POULTICE, see  Ice.       „„ __,   ~ t
   ICELAND, MINERAL  WATERS OF.  Hot
 springs are found in every  part of Iceland.  The
 most noted of these is  one called Geyser, two
 davs' journey from  Hecla, and  near Skalnolt.
 The diameter of the  basin is  59  feet; and the
 height to which the water is thrown is often more
 than 100.  The heat of the water is 212°.
   ICE-PLANT,  Mesembryanthemum crystalli-
 num, Monotropa uniflora.
   ICHNOS, tvw.  The foot.  The sole of the foot.
 Ihe heel.
  ICHOR, iy.«p, Ichoe.  The serum of the blood,
Saniee,  Sordes,  Virue, Pue  malig'num, Tabum.
A thin, aqueous, and acrid discharge.
  ICHOROIDES, Ichorous.
  ICH'OROUS, Ichoro'eus,  Ichoro'i'dee, Sanio'-
8it8, Sa'nious, (¥.) Ichoreux, Sanieux.   Belonging
to or resembling ichor.
  ICHOS, Ichor.
  ICHTHYA, Hook, blunt.
  ICIITHYOCOL'LA.from ry>*> ':*>oj, 'afish,'
and  KuXXa,  'glue.'   Collu  Pia'ciuni,  Isinglass,
Fish-glue, (¥.)  Ichthyocolle, Colle de Poisson.  A
name given to the dried  swimming bladder or
eoiind of Aeipenaer huao,  and other  species  of
acipenser, which is almost wholly composed  of
gelatin, and is  employed in  medicine in the for-
mation of nutritive jellies.   It is, also, occasion-
ally used in anatomical  injections.   The English
Court Plaster is made with.it.  In  Russia, the
Acipenser is not the only genus from which isin-
glass is procured;  it is also  obtained from Silu'-
rits Glemis, which  Dr. Royle  suggests to be the
source of the Samory or Somovy Isinglass of com-
merce.  The sounds of the  cod, ling, hake, Ac,
yield it.  From these it is made in New England;
and, in England, is termed New  York Isinglass.
  ICHTHYOPH'AGISTS,  Ichthyoph'agi,  from
iX^vs, iv^i'oj, ' a fish/ and  tpayw,  ' I eat.'  People
who feed habitually on fish;—generally the most
uncivilized of mankind.
  ICHTHYOPHAGOUS,  Piscivorv ts.
  ICHTHYOSE,  Ichthyosis.
  ICHTHYOSIS,  from iXSvS tX$vos,  'a  fish/
from the resemblance of the scales to those of a
fish.  Lepido'sis, Ichthylasis, L. Ivjithyo'aie, Le-
pra Ichthyo'sie, Alvaras nigra (Arab.), Impetigo
exeortieatlva,  (F.) Iehthyose;  Fixlfhin, Porcu-
pine Disease.  A  permanently harsh, dry, scaly.
and, in some  cases, almost horny texture of  the
integuments of the body, unconnected with  in-
ternal disorder. Willan and Bateman have two
varieties,  I. simplex and 7.  cornea.  Alibert  has
three,  the /. nacrSe or pearly, the /. cm uqe, and
the I. pellagre or Pellagra.
   Ichthyosis Pellagra, Pellagra.
   Ichthyosis  Seba'cea,  Seba'ceous  lehthyo'sis.
A morbid  incrustation  of a concrete subaceous
substance upon the surface of the epidermis, con-
founded, according to Mr. E. Wilson, with ich-
thyosis, to  which  it bears a close resemblance.
In many cases there is neither redness nor heat.
 nor is the affection often accompanied by consti-
 tutional symptoms.
   ICHTHYOTOX'ICUM, from  iXM, <;Y>of, 'a
 fish,'  and  to^ikov, ' a  poison;' Icllthyus,  fish
 poison.
   ICHTHYUS, Ichthyotoxicum.
   I'CICA ARACOUCHFNI.  Aiaco,tchi,ii is a
 balsam, extracted by incision  from  this tree in
 Guyana.   The Galibis use it for healing wounds.
   Icica Icicariba, see Amyris elemifera.
   ICTAR,  Vulva.
   ICTERE,  Icterus — ?. Bleu,  Cyanopathy — ».
 des Nouieau-iiSa,   Icterus infantum — i. Noire,
 Melaena.
   ICTERIC, Ictericus.
   ICTERIC  FEVER, REMITTING, see  Re-
 lapse.
   ICTERICIE, Icterus.
   ICTERICUS, Antiicteric  Also, relating to, or
 rembling  Icterus; Ic'teric,  Icteroi'dee, Ictero'-
 dee, (F.)  let Sri que.
   ICTERITIA ALBA, Chlorosis—i. Flava, Icte.
 rus—i. Rubea, Erysipelas—i. Rubra, Erysipelas.
   ICTERODES. Ictericus.
   ICTERUS, /.  flavue seu vertte, from  tens, a
 species of weasel, whose eyes are yellow [?]. (IicTtpij
 meant, with the ancients, a yellow bird, perhaps
 the Oriole;) Morbus arcua'tus seu arqua'tue, Lesc- 
ICTODES FOETIDUS         48
 n'i morbus (Paracelsus), Auru'go, Auri'go, Mor-
 bua regiua seu lute'olua, Cholelith'ia icterus, Cho-
 hha'mia, Chola'mia, Cholopla'nia, Cholo'aie, Der-
 mntocholo'aia,  Suffu'sio aurigiuo'ea  seu fiellia seu
 bilie, Icteritia flava,  Ilette fiaviie seu icteroidee,
 Cachex'ia ieter'iea, Fellia euffu'sio seu obstruc'tio
 seu  Superfiu'aio, Bilioua Dya'craey,  Jaundice,
 Ycllowa* Jo/Tidere,  Jaundere,  (Sc)  Gulechock,
 (Prov.)  Jonas,  (¥.)  Ictlre,  IctSricie,  Jauniaae,
 Bile rSpandue.  A disease, the principal symptom |
 of which is yellowness of the skin and eyes, with
 white faeces and high-coloured urine.   It admits
 of various causes; in fact, anything which  can
 directly or indirectly obstruct the  course of the
 bile, so that it is taken into the mass of blood and
 produces the yellowness of surface ; — the  bile
 being separated by the kidneys, causes yellowness
 of urine, and its being prevented from reaching the
 intestine occasions the pale-coloured faeces.   The
 prognosis, in ordinary cases, is favourable ;—when
 complicated with hepatic disease,  unfavourable.
 The  treatment  is simple : — an emetic  or purga-
 tive,  given occasionally so as to elicit the return
 of the bile to  its ordinary channels ; light tonics ;
 unirritating diet; cheerful company, Ac.
   Icterus Albus, Chlorosis.
   Icterus  Infan'tum, /. Neonato'rnm, Neotoc-
 icl ertis, Padicl erus, Auri go neaphyto' rum, Yellow
 gum, Yellow gown, (¥.) Ictlre dee iiouveau-nSs, is a
 common affection, and frequently dependent upon
 obstruction of the choledoch duct by the meco-
 nium.   It requires  time; and castor  oil, occa-
 sionally.
   Icterus  Melas, Melaena — i. Neonatorum,  I.
 infantum—i. Niger, Melaena.
   Icterus  Saturni'nus, Lead jaundice.    The
 earthy-yellow hue in saturnine cachexy.
   Icterus  Vir'idis,  Green jaundice. Icterus
 when the skin is of a green or  olive hue.
   ICTODES  FCETIDUS, Dracontium foetidum.
   ICTUS.  'A stroke or blow;'  Plege, Plaga.
 Ictua eolie, a stroke of the sun.  See Coup de eo-
 leil.  Icttie, also, means the pulsation of an artery,
 and the sting of a bee or other insect.
   Ictus, Blow—i. Cordis, see Heart—i. Cordis  et
 arteriarum, Pulse —  i.  Sanguinis,  Apoplexy — i.
 Solis, Coup de soldi.
   IDE'A, Id'ea, Ido'lum, Ideach [? Paracelsus],
 (F.)  IdSe, from ttiw, 'I  see.'  The image or re-
 presentation of an object in the mind.
   Idea, Fixed or  Predominant,  Id'ea  fixa,
 Ideopeg'ma.  Tension of the mind on one notion ;
 often observed  in insanity.
   Id'ea Morbi. Knowledge or idea of a disease.
   IDEACH,  Idea.
   IDEAGENOUS, Sentiment.
   IDE'AL, Idea'lie.   Mental,  notional, fancied.
   Morbi ideates.  Ideal  diseases.  Diseases  of
 the imagination.
   IDEA'TION, Idea'tio, from  'idea.'  The estab-
 lishment of a  distinct mental representation  or
 idea of an object.
   IDEE, Idea.
   IDEN'TITY  (PERSONAL), Iden'titae, from
 idem, ' the same.'  Samene8a.   It is sometimes a
 question in legal medicine  to decide upon  per-
 sonal identity: that  is, whether an individual  be
 the same he represents himself to be.  - Physical
-marks form the great criteria.
   IDEOL'OGYT, Ideolog"ia, from ttiw, 'I  see,'
 and  \oyos,  'a discourse.'  The science  of ideas.
 Intellectual philosophy.
   I'DEO-MOTOR.   A  name  given  by Dr.  Car-
 penter to muscular movements, the result of com-
 plete engrossment by an idea, which he regards
 as automatic, although originating in  the  cere-
 brum.
   [DEOPEGMA, Idea, fixed.                   ||
IGNATIA AMARA
  IDEOSYNCHYSIE, Delirium.
  IDIANCEA, Idiotism.
  IDIAPOCAUSIS, Combustion, human.
  IDIEMPRESIS, Combustion, human.
  IDIOCRASIS, Idiosyncrasy.
  IDIOCTONIA, Suicide.
  IDIOCY. Idiotism.
  IDIO-MIASMATA, see Miasm.
  IDIOPATHI'A,  Idiopathela.  Protopathi'a,
Pro'priua affectue. Morbus idiopath'icus seu pro-
prius seu prima'riue seu protopath'icus seu ori-
yina'lis, Malum prima'rium, from titos, ' peculiar,
proper/ and  naSos, 'an affection.'   A primary
disease; one not depending on any other.
  IDIOPATHIC, Pro'prio hab'itu seu Conetittt-
tio'ne pro'prid pendene, Idiopath'icue,  Idiop'a-
thes.  Primary affections and  their symptoms are
so denominated.
  IDIOPTCY, Achromatopsia.
  IDIOPTS, see Achromatopsia.
  IDIOSYNCRASIA,  Idiosyncrasy— i. Haemor-
rhagica, Haematopbilia-F—i. Olfactoria, Parosmia.
  IDIOSYN'CRASY, Idioc'rasy, Idiosyn'craais,
Idiosyncra'aia, Idiotrop'ia, Idioc'rasia,  Idiosyn-
cris'ia,  from  titos, ' peculiar/ aw, ' with/  and
xpaois, ' temperament.'   A peculiarity of consti-
tution, in which  one person is  affected  by an
agent which, in numerous others, would produce
no effect.   Thus, shell-fish, bitter almonds,  pro-
duce urticaria in some, by virtue of their idiosyn-
crasies.  Others faint at the sight of blood, Ae.
  ID'IOT, Idio'ta, ' foolish,  stupid,  ignorant.'
Now  used for one who is fatuous, or  who  does
not possess sufficient intellectual faculties for the
social condition, and for preserving himself from
danger,—Homo fat'iiue, (Prov.) Da/cop, Fondling,
Hobbil.  In law, one who has been without un-
derstanding from  his birth,  and whom the law
presumes to be never likely to attain any.
  IDIOTIA, Idiotism—i. Endermica, Cretinism.
  ID 10 TIE, Idiotism.
  ID'IOTISM,  Idiotia'mue,  Idiotla, Idianoe'a,
Imbecil'litae mentie ; Mo'riademene, Anoe'a, Mo'-
ria, Moro'eie,  Meio'eie, Fatu'itae, Amen'tia, De-
men'tia natnru'lie, Stupid'itae, Vecor'dia, Imbe-
ci/litae Ingen'ii, Id'iocy, Id'iotcy, Fatu'ity.  (¥.)
DSmence innSe, Idiotiame, Idiotie, Apsychieme.—
Piorry.  Same etymon.   A  species of  unsound
mind, characterized by more  or less complete ob-
literation of the intellectual  and moral faculties.
It may  supervene on  mania and  melancholia,
when it is termed Demen'tia,  but more commonly
it depends upon original  conformation.  It may
also,  be symptomatic  of  organic disease of the
brain, which has come on after birth.  Idiotism
exists in various  degrees.  Some idiots are mere
automata, exhibiting scarcely any sensibility  to
external impressions; others  are capable of  arti-
culating a few words, and possess certain  mental
emotions to a limited extent.   The physiognomy
is usually vacant,  step  unsteady, and articulation
imperfect or broken.  The affection is almost al-
wavs incurable ; but it may often be palliated.
   IDIOTISME.  Idiotism.
   IDIOTISMUS, Idiotism — i. Endemicus, Cre-.
tinism.
   IDIOTROPIA, Idiosyncrasy.
   IDOLUM. Hallucination, Idea.
   IDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
   IETRION, IatriOn.                \
   IF, Tax us baccata.
   IFFIDES, Plumbi subcarbonas.
   IGDE, Mortar.
   IGDIS, Mortar.
   IGNA'TIA AMA'RA,  Strychnoe Igna'tii, Ig.
natia'iia Philippin'ica.   Ord. Apocynaceae.  The
systematic name of the plant  which  affords St.
Ignatiue'e Bean, Faba  In'dica seu Sancti Igna'-
tii  seu febrifuga, (¥.) Ignatie, Five  de Saint 
IGNAT1E                489                  ILEX
Ignace, Noix d'Igasur.  The seeds are hitter and
poisonous, containing strychnia, and only appear
to differ from nux vomica in containing a larger
proportion of that alkaloid.
   IGNATIE, Ignatia amara.
   IGNAVIA, Inertia — i. seu Ignavitas partium
genitalium, Impotence.
   IGNIS,'fire.'  Hence:
   Ignis Actualis, Cauterium—i. Animalis, Ani^
mal heat.
   Ignis  Cal'idus.  'A hot fire.'  A violent in-
flammation, about to degenerate into gangrene.
   Ignis Columella, Erysipelas.
   Ignis Frig"idus.  'A cold fire'   Sphacelus.
   Ignis  Naturalis, Animal heat — i. Persicus,
Anthrax, Herpes zoster—i.  Philosophicus, Phos-
phorus— i. Potentialis, see  Cauterium—i. Sacer,
Erysipelas, Herpes zoster — i.  Sancti  Antonii,
 Erysipelas.
   Ignis Sapien'tium.  The ancient name for the
heat of horses' dung.
   Ignis Sylvat'icus, /.  syfvea'trie seu volalicua
 seu vola'griua, Stroph'ulua sylvee'tris  seu volal-
icua, Wildfire rash, (¥.) Feu sauvage  ou volage,
Flamboise.   Probably, the  Porrigo  larva'lis or
 Crusta lac'tea of infants. Also, a transient red-
ness of the face and neck, sometimes  observed in
hysterical and chlorotic females.
   Ignis  Sylvestris, I. sylvaticus — i. Vitalis,
 Animal heat — i. Volagrius, I. sylvaticus—i. Vo-
laticus, I. sylvaticus.
   IGNIVOROUS,  Pyrophagus.
   IGNYE, Poples.
   IGNY'S, Poples.
   ILAPHIS, Arctium lappa.
   ILEA, Flanks.
   ILEAC PASSION, Ileus.
   ILEADELPH'US, from ileum,' the ileon,' and
aitXipos, ' brother.'  A double monster, united at
the pelvis, and below.
   ILECH, Y'lech, Ilei'as, Ilias'ter, Ylia'ter, Eli-
as'ter, Ilias'trttm,  Melados, llei'doa,  Belndiim,
Rladtta.   Terms used by  Paracelsus to desig-
nate the first matter : — the beginning of every
thing.
   ILEIADOS, Ilech.
   ILEIADUM, Ilech.
   ILEIAS, Ilech.
   ILEIDOS, Ilech.
   ILEI'TIS,  from ileum, 'the intestine ileum,'
and itia, a suffix denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
mation of the ileum.
   ILEO.   In composition, relating or appertain-
ing to the ileum.
   ILEO-CHOLOSIS, Diarrhoea, bilious.
   IL'EO-COLIC, Ileo-co'licne.   Relating to the
ileum and colon:—as the ileo-colic valve or valve
of Bauhin.
   ILEO-COLITIS, Enteritis.
   ILEO-DICLIDITE, see Typhus.
   ILEO-LUMBAR, Beo-lumba'lie, nio-lumba'rie.
Belonging to tbe ilium and lumbar region.
   Ileo-lumbar Artery, Ilio-liimbar artery, Ili-
aeo-muscular, (Ch.) is given  off by the hypogas-
tric, opposite tbe base of the sacrum.   It ascends
behind the  psoas muscle, and  divides into two
branches;—an aecending and a traneveree, which
give off numerous ramifications to the neighbour-
ing parts, f
   Ileo-Litmbar  Lig'ament, Rio-lumbar or  Jlio-
lumbo-ver'tebral ligament, Vertebro-iliac ligament,
is a broad, membraniform,  triangular ligament,
extending  horizontally from the  transverse pro-
cess of the 5th lumbar vertebrae to the upper and
posterior part of the  iliac  crest  It unites the
vertebral column with the pelvis.
  IL'EON,  Ileum, Ei'leon,  H'ium,  Inteeti'num
eircumvolu'tum, from  etXttv, ' to turn/  ' to twist.'
Anatomists have given this name to the longest
portion of the  small intestine,  which  extends
from  the jejunum to the  caecum.  It was  so
called  from its  forming a considerable number
of convolutions.
  ILEOPYRA,  see Typhus.
  ILEOSIS, Ileus.  '                 #
  ILEO-TYPHUS, see Tvphus.        w
  ILES, Flanks.
  IL'EUS, Ei'leoe, from eiXtw, 'I  twist or con-
tract.'  Co'lica Ileue seu epaamod'ica, Enterele'eia,
Enterelo'eis,  Ileue  epaemod'icua,  Chordap'aua,
Paaaio Hi'aca, Iliac or Ileac Paasiott, Volvulus,
Heo'sie, Miaere're  mei, Convolvidua, Torn/en'tum,
Intercep'tio Inteetino'rum, Enteroateno'aia volvulus,
(¥.) Colique de  MieSricorde, C. de  MiaSrSrS.  A
disease, characterized by deep-seated pain of tbe
abdomen, stercoraceous vomiting, and  obstinate
constipation.  It is occasioned by hernia or other
obstruction to the  passage of the faeces through
a part of the intestinal canal, Enteroateno'aia. The
term Ileus has been  applied to  various affections
—to simple nervous colic, intussusception, and to
strangulation of the small intestine, Ac.  Various
remedies have been employed;—the majority for
the purpose of procuring alvine evacuations,—as
purgatives, in draught, pill, or  glyster; supposi-
tories,  tobacco glysters ; pure  mercury ; leaden
bullets;  antispasmodics  and narcotics; blisters
to the epigastrium ; ice by the mouth, or injected
into the rectum.   Some of these  have, occasion-
ally, succeeded, — especially the tobacco glyster,
and ice to the tumour, where the disease has been
occasioned by  strangulated  hernia.  It is very
dangerous.
  Ileus Flavus,  Icterus — i. Icteroides, Icterus
—i. Inflammatorius, Enteritis.
  ILEX AQUIFO'LIUM.  The systematic name
of the  Common  Holly, Aquifo'lium, Agrifo'lium,
lrptvos of the ancients [?],  (Prov.)  Hollen,  (Sc)
Holyn, Holene, (¥.) Houx, H. commun ou  Chine
vert.   Ord. Aquifoliaceae.   The  leaves of this
plant have been recommended  as  tonic, astrin-
gent, and antiseptic, and have been  prescribed in
atonic  gout, intermittents, dyspepsia, Ac.  Ili-
cine, the active principle, has also been advised.
It is obtained  by dissolving the alcoholic extract
of the  leaves of the holly in water, and succes-
sively treating it with the subacetate of lead, sul-
phuric acid, and carbonate of lime.  The filtered
and evaporated product is then dissolved in alco-
hol ; and the mixture filtered and evaporated in
^hallow vessels.
  Ilex Cassine, Ilex vomitoria.
  Ilex Major.  From the berries of this  tree,
called by the Spaniards Bellotas, a juice may be
expressed, which  forms  a  slightly  astringent
emulsion with water, and has been recommended
by some Spanish physicians in humid cough, hae-
moptysis, Ac.
  Ilex Mate, Ilex paraguensis.
  Ilex Opa'ca, American Holly, grows through-
out the Atlantic portion of the United  States.  II
is said to possess the same properties as the Eu-
ropean variety.
  Ilex Paraguen'sis, Vibur'num laviga'tum sen
Caasino'i'de8,  Cassine Pera'gua  seu Carolinia'na,
I. Mate;  a native of Paraguay.  It affords the
celebrated Mattee, or Mate, Folia Apalachinee *eu
Pera'gua, which is drunk in place of tbe Chinese
tea  by the people of Paraguay.   By M.  Lenoble,
of Montevideo, the mate is referred to Psora'lea
glandulo'sa.
  Ilex  Vomito'ria,  /. Casi'ne,  Caeslna,  Da-
hoon holly, Apalach'ine Gallia,  South-Sea  Tea,
Ev'ergreen  Caeslne,  Ca88ee'na,  Yaupon,  Yopon,
(¥.) ThS dee Apalachee, Houx Apalachine, Apa-
lachine, ThS de  la Mer du Sud.   A tree, indige-
nous in the southern parts of the United States. 
ILIA                  490                   ILLI
The leaves, when dried, are  aromatic, stimulant,
stomachic, and expectorant, and are used as a
tea.   When  fresh, they are emetic and cathartic.
  ILIA, Flanks.
  ILIAC, Iliacus, P'ial, (F.) Iliaque, from Hia,
'the flanks.'  Relating to, or connected with, the
flanks.-
  Ilia™ Arteries, Arte'ria Blaca.  This term
has been given to several arteries.  The Primary
Iliaca, (¥.) A. Iliaquea primitives,—Pelvicruralee,
(Ch.)  arise from the bifurcation of the aorta, op-
posite the body of the 4th  lumbar vertebra, and
descend, in a  divergent manner; until, opposite
the sncro-iliac symphysis, they divide into two
considerable trunks,—the internal Iliac or hypo-
gastric (which see), and the  external Iliac—Por-
tion Iliaque  de la crurale, (Ch.)  This proceeds
from  the sacro-iliac juncture as far  as the crural
arch,  when it assumes the name Femoral Artery.
Before passing under tbe arch it gives off two
pretty considerable  branches, — the Epigastric,
and  the Circumflexa Ilii.  This last, which is
called, also,  anterior  Iliac by some anatomists,—
Circonflexe de VRium (Ch.); leaves  the  external
iliac  at the crural arch. It  ascends along the
outer  edge of the  iliacus muscle, and divides into
two branches—an internal and an external.
  The Iliaca Inter'na Minor seu Ilio lumbalie is
a small  artery, which sometimes arises from the
hypogastric; at others, from the beginning of the
gluteal.  It  is sent, chiefly,  to the psoas and ilia-
cus internus muscles.
  Iliac Crest, Crista B'ii,  is the upper margin
of the ilium.  (F.) Crete Iliaque. It  is very thick.
and curved  like the  Italic S.  It affords attach-
ment  to the  broad muscles of the abdomen.
  Iliac Fossae are two in number;  the internal,
the depression presented by  the ilium on its inte-
rior, and at  the  upper part in which  the Iliacus
internus is lodged:—and the external, an excava-
tion on  tbe outer  surface of  the same bone, occu-
pied by the  Glutai muscles.
  Iliac  Muscle. Internal,  Hi'acus  internus
Muscie,  Biacus,  Iliaco-trochantSrien (Ch.); Fe-
mur moven'tium sep'timus, Iliac muscle, is situate
in the fossa iliaca, and at the anterior and  supe-
rior part of the thigh.   It is broad,  radiated, tri-
angular; and is attached, above, to the two upper
thirds of the fossa iliaca, and to the  internal part
of the iliac crest:—below, it  terminates by a ten-
don, which is  common  to it and the psoas mag-
nus. and is fixed into the lesser trochanter.  When
this muscle contracts, it bends the  pelvis on the
thigh, and conversely.  It is also a rotator of the'
thigh  outwards, and  prevents the trunk  from
falling backwards.
  Iliac Passion, Ileus.
  Iliac Regions, Regio'nes ili'aca, Inan'ia, are
the sides of the abdomen between  the ribs and
the hips.
  Iliac Spines, Spinoue Proc"cesee of the Ilium,
are four in number.  They are distinguished into
anterior and poaterior.   Of  the anterior,  one is
superior.  It bounds the crista ilii anteriorly, and
affords origin to the sartorius muscle.  The other
is inferior, and receives the  tendinous  origin of
the rectus femoris.
  The two Poaterior Iliac  Spinee  are  divided,
like,   the  anterior, into superior and inferior.
They  afford insertion  to strong ligaments, which
unite  the ilium with the sacrum.
  ILIACO-TROCHANTERIEN, Iliacus inter-
nus.
  ILIACUS, I. internus—i.  Externus, Pyramid-
ftlis.
  ILIAD US, Ilech.
  ILIAL, Iliac.
  ILIASTER, Ilech.
  ILIASTRUM, Ilech.
    FLING OS, Vertigo.
    ILIO.  In composition, relating or appertain-
 ing to the ilium.
    1LIO-ABDOMINAL, Obliquus internus abdo-
 minis—i. AponSvroei-fSmoral, Fascia lata muscle
 —i. Coetal, Quadratus lumborum—i. Creeti-tibial,
 Sartorius — i. Femoral, Coxo-femoral — i. Hypo-
 gastrics (nervus), Musculo-cutaneous nerve, su-
 perior— i.  Inguinal, Musculo-cutaneous nerve,
 inferior—i. Iachii-trochantSrien,  Glutaeus  mini-
 mus— i.  Lombo-coeto-abdominal, Obliquus  in-
 ternus abdominis—i. Lumbalis, Ileo-lumbar, see
 Iliac arteries—t. Lumbi-coetal, Quadratus lumbo-
i| rum—i. Lumbo-vertebral ligament, Ileo-luinbar-
 I ligament.
    IL'IO-PECTINE'A,  Beo-pectineal, belonging
 to the ilium and to the pecten or pubis.
    Ilio-Pectineal Eminence  is  so  called from
 being formed by the junction of the ramus of the
 ilium with that of the pubis.  It affords attach-
 ment to the psoas minor.
    Ilio-Pectinea Lin'ea, Linea innomina'ta, is
 the projecting line or ridge of  the ilium and pu-
 bis, which  forms part of the brim/of the pelvis.
    ILIO-PRETIB'IAL, Sartorius.
    Ilio-Psoi'tis, from Ilium,  ' the  ilion,' \poat,
 'the loins/ and itie, denoting inflammation. In-
 flammation of the ilium and psoas muscle.
    ILIO-PUBO- COSTO-ABDOMINA L,  Obli-
 quus externus abdominis—i. Rotulien, Rectus fe-
 moris— i. Sacral, Sacro-iliac — i. Sacral articula-
 tion, Sacro-iliac articulation — t. Sacro-fSmoral,
 Glutaeus major — i. Scrotal nerve, Musculo-cuta-
 neous, superior—i. TrochantSrien, Glutaeus me-
 dius—i. TrochantSrien petit, Glutaeus minimus.
    IL'ION, Ilium,  Ileum, Haunch  bone.   The
 largest  of  the three bones which constitute the
 os innominatum in the foetus and child.  It was
 probably so  called from its seeming to support
 the intestine ilion ;  or, perhaps, because its crest
 is curved upon  itself, from ttXtw, ' I twist/ ' I
 roll.'   This portion  of  the os  innominatum is
 usually so called  in  the adult.  The  posterior
 surface is  called  Doraum, the  internal  Venter.
 The upper semicircular  edge  is the Criata or
 Spine, at the anterior part of which is  the ante-
 rior and auperior apinoua proceae;  and, below,
 the anterior and inferior spinoue process.  At the
 back part of the spine are two spinous processes,
 the posterior and auperior, and posterior and ii»-
 fierior.  See Iliac
    ILITHY'IA, ~EtXti8vta, Luci'na, Juno Lnrina.
 The goddess who presided  over parturient fe-
 males, with the Greeks  and Romans.
    ILIUM, Ileum, Ilion.
    IL'REST ON,  MINERAL WATERS OP.
 Ilkeston is in Derbyshire, England, about eight
 miles from Nottingham.  The  water  contains
 carbonates of lime and soda, chloride of calcium,
 sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of soda, carbonic
 acid,  snlphohydric acid, and a little iron.
    ILL, Sick.
    ILLACRYMATIO, Epiphora.
    ILLECEBRA, Sedum — i. Major, Sedum tele-
 phium.
    ILLECEBRUM POLYGONOIDES, Achyran-
 thes repens—i. Vermiculare, Sedum.
    ILLEGITIMATE,  IUegit'imne,  from il, in,
 'negation  or opposition/ and legitimue, 'legiti-
 mate;'  from lex,  legie,  'law.'   Baatard.  That
 which is contrary to law: which has not the con-
 ditions required  by law, as an illegitimate birth
 —one out of wedlock; baee-born, love-begot, love-
 child.
    Illegitimate  or Bastard is also  applied to
 diseases—as fevers, whose progress is anomalous.
 See False.
    ILLI, see Strabismus. 
ILLICIUM ANISATUM       491                IMPETIGO
  ILLICIUM ANISA'TUM, from  illicere,-'to
allure.'   Yellow-flowered  Aniee, An'iaeed Tree,
Star Aniee, Ani'sum etclla'tum  seu  Sinen'ae, Se-
men  Badian, (¥.) Anie de  la  Chine, A.  StoilS,
Badiane.  Orel. Magnoliaceae.  Sex. Syst. Poly-
andria Polygynia.  The seeds  are used like the
aniseed.   The same tree  is supposed to furnish
the aromatic bark, called Cortex Anlai Stella'ti,
Cortex Lavola.
  Illicium Anisatum is  said to furnish much of
the so called  Oil of Aniae, used in the United
States.
  Illicium  Florida'num, Florida  Aniae Tree,
Star Anise, Sweet Laurel.  An  evergreen  shrub,
the bark, leaves, Ac, of which have a spicy odour
like anise, and might be used for it.
  Illicium  Parviflo'rum, a shrub  of the hilly
regions of Georgia and Carolina,  has a flavour
closely resembling that of sassafras root
  ILLIDES, see Strabismus.
  ILLINITIO, Inunction.
  ILLISIO, Enthlasis.   .
  ILLITIO, Inunction.
  ILLITUS, Inunction.
  ILLNESS, Disease—i. Monthly, see Menses.
  ILLOS, Eye, see Strabismus.
  ILLO'SIS,  Ilo'eia,  from  iXXos,  'squinting.'
 Distortion of the eyes.  Strabismus.
  ILLUSIO SENSUS, Hallucination.
   ILLUSION, Hallucination.
   ILLUTAMENTUM,  see Illutatio.
   ILLUTA'TIO, from il, in, 'upon,' and lutum,
 'mud.'  A word used,  by the ancients, for  the
 act of covering any part of the  body with mud,—
 illutamen'tum—with therapeutical views.
   ILOSIS, Illosis.
   IM.   In composition, generally means   the
 same  as in;  occasionally,  however, it  has  the
 privative sense of un.
   IM A GIN A' T10 N, Imagina'tio, Figura'tio,
 Phanta'aia, Dianoe'ma,  from  imago, imaginie,
 'image.'  The faculty of forming in the mind an
 assemblage of images and combinations of. ideas
 which are not always in connexion with external
 objects.
   131 BALSAM A TION, Embalming.
   IMBECIL'ITY,  Imbecillitae, Stupid'itae, He-
 betu'do  an'imi,  Oligopsych'ia, (¥.) ImbScillitS.
 Weakness,  especially  of the  intellect;  incohe-
 rencv; Imbecillitae mentie.
   IMBECILLIS. Infirm.
   IMBECILLITAS INGENTI, Idiotism, Imbe-
 cility—i. Mentis, Idiotism, Imbecility—i. Ven-
 triculi. Gasterasthenia.
   IMBELLIS AD VENEREM, Frigid.
   IMBER'BIS,  Imber'bua,  Agenei'oe,  Apo'gon,
 from im,  in, 'negation/ and barba,  'beard.'  One
 devoid of beard.
   IMBIBITIO, Absorption, Imbibition.
   IMBIBIT"ION, Imbibil'io,  Emp'oaie, Aepira-
 tion, from imbibere (in, and bibere),  ' to drink, to
 imbibe.'  The action, by which a body becomes
 penetrated by a liquid.  See Endosmose. Many
 of  the phenomena of absorption  are  owing to
 imbibition.
   Imbibition, Double, Endosmose.
   IMBOWELLING, Exenterismus.
   IMBREX NARIUM, Septum narium.
   IMBRICARIA SAXATILIS, Lichen saxatilis.
   IMMERSUS,  Subscapularis muscle.
   IM'MINENCE, Imminen'tia, from immineo (im,
 and mineo), 'to  hang  over.'  Staying  over, or
 upon ;  impending.  Some  authors  have desig-
 nated, by this term, the period which precedes
 tbe  invasion of a disease; when certain  indica-
tions foretell its approach.
   IMMINENCE MORBIDE, Diathesis, Predis-
position.
  IMMISSIO  CATHETERIS, Cathetensmus.
  IMMISSOR, Catheter.
  IMMOBILITAS, Acinesia—i. Pupilloe, Amau.
rosis.
  IMMODERANTIA, Intemperance.
  IMMODERATIO,  Intemperance.
  IMMOVABLE APPARATUS, see Apparatus,
immovable.
  IMMUTANS, Alterative
  IMPACTED, Wedged.
  IMPACTION, Impac'tio, from impingere (in,
and paugere,  pactum,  'to drive in'), 'to strike
against/ ' a collision.' A fracture of the cranium,
ribs, or sternum, with depression of  some of the
fragments and projection  of others  externally.
See Ecpiesma.
  IMPA'TIENS BALSAMI'NA, Balaam  weed,
Touch-me-not.  Ord. Balsaminaceae.   This  pro-
bably  resembles the other  species  in its  pro-
perties.
  Impa'tiens  Fulva and I. Pal'lida, Touch-
me-not, Jewel weed, Balaam weed, Slippere,  Cel-
andine, Quiek-in-the-hand, Weatllereocke, Snap-
weed;  called  from the sudden bursting of the
pods  when touched.   Indigenous plants, having
tender, juioy,  almost  transparent  steins,  and
yellow flowers, which appear in July and August.
It is found in low, moist ground, in every part of
the Union.  The properties are probably the same
as those of
  Impa'tiens Noli-me-tan'gere of Europe, which
has an acrid taste, and acts as an emetic, cathar-
tic, and diuretic
  IMPATIENTLY VESICAE, Cysterethismus.
  IMPEDIMENTUM, Emphragma.
  IMP ERA TOIRE, Imperatoria.
  IMPERATO'RIA, /.  Ostru'thium, Sellnum
oetrn'thium seu Imperato'ria, Angelica officina'lie,
Astruthium, Oetruthium, Aetran'tia,  Magistrail-
tia, Maaterwort, (old F.) Austruche,  ImpSratoire.
Ord.  Umbelliferae.   The roots of this plant were
formerly considered  divlnum rented'inm.   They
are merely aromatic  and bitter, and are not  used.
  Imperatoria Sylvestris, Angelica sylvestris.
  IMPERFORATE, Atretus.
  IMPERFORATE,  Imperforation —i.   Ani,
Atresia anwffettnata,  Proctatresia—i. Pupillae,
Synezizis^. Uteri, Metratresia.
  IMPFjR'ORA'TION, from im, ' privative,'per,
'through,'and/o» a> e.'to bore.' Imperfora'tio,Atre'-
sia, Atretie'mue, Cap'etue.   Absence of a natural
aperture; as, of the  mouth, anus, vulva, nostrils,
Ac.  It is congenital, being dependent upon faulty
conformation.
  IMPERFORATION DE L'ANUS, Atresia
ani adnata.
  IMPE'RIAL. A pleasant, cooling drink, formed
of bitartrate of potaeaa. ,^ss; one lemon, cut into
slices; white eugar,  tbss;  and  water, Oiij.  Let
the mixture stand for half an hour, and strain.
   IMPETIGINOSITAS, Impetigo.
   IMPETIGINOUS, Impetigino'eits, (¥.) ImpS-
tiginenx.   Same etymon  as  the  next.  Having
the nature of, or relating to, impetigo.
   IMPETI'GO, from impeto,' I invade.'  Impeti-
ginoe'itae, Darta, Der'bia, Im'petue,  Peti'go, Ec-
 pye'eie sen  Phlyaie impetigo,  Lepra   Sqna-
mo'ea, Running Scall or Tetter,  Crusted, Pustular
or Humid  Tetter or  Scall, Cowrap, (¥.) Dartre,
D. crtietacSe  ou crouteuse, Llpre humide,   MSli.
tagre.  A  word  used  in  various   acceptations.
With some writers it  is synonymous with itch. In *
others, it means a variety of herpes.  Sauvages
employs it  as  a generic term, under which  he
comprises syphilis, scorbutus, rachitis, elephanti-
asis, the itch,  tinea,  scrofula, Ac.  It forms, also,
a genus in  the class Cachexia of  Cullen.  In
Bateman, it is the first genus of the 5th  order,
Puatula, and  is defined — the humid or running
tetter; consistirg of small pustules,  denominated 
IMPETUM FACIENS         492                INCISIVE
Paydracia.  It is unaccompanied by fever;  not
contagious, or communicable by inoculation.  He
has five  species: — the  /.  figitra'ta,  I. aparea,
I. eryaipelato'dee, I. ecub'ida, and /. rodcne.   See
Psoriasis.
  Impetigo  Excorticativa, Ichthyosis—i.  Fi-
gurata, Porrigo lupinosa — i.  Pellagra, Pellagra
—i. Ulcerata, Zerna.
  IMPETUM  FACIENS, Enormon.
  IMPETUS, Impetigo, Paroxysm.
  IMPLACENTAL, see Placenta.
  IMPLICATIONES RETICULARES  NER-
VORUM,  Plexus nervorum.
  IMPLIC'ITI MORBI, Implica'ti seu compli-
ca'ti Morbi, from im, 'in/  and plico, 'to fold.'
Diseases, which exist in  an  organ; and produce,
concurrently, disorders in other organs.
  IMPLUVIUM, Embrocation, Bath, shower.
  1MP0STHUME, Abscess.
  IM'POTENCE,  Acratia, Impoten'tia, I. gene-
randi,  Agenne'eia, Agen'neeie, Igna'via  seu  Ig-
nav'itae partium genita'lium,  (¥.) Impuiosauce;
from im, ' privative,' and potette, ' able.'  Loss of
power over one or more  of  the members.  Com-
monly, it  means want  of  sexual vigour; inca-
pacity for copulation; and chiefly on the part of
the male.   Astys'ia, Astyph'ia, Aeyno'dia, Ady-
namia  viri'lie.   It has,  also, been used  synony-
mously with eterility.  Impotence may be abao-
Utte or relative, conetitutional or local, direct or
indirect, permanent or temporary.
  IMPOTENTIA, Adynamia, Impotence—i.  Ge-
nerandi, Impotence.
  IMPOVERISHED,  Effc'tue,  Depaupera'tue,
(¥.)  Appauvri.  'Having become poor;' origi-
nally from (L.) pauper, (P.) pauvre, 'poor.'  The
Humorists applied this  epithet to a humour, de-
prived  of  a part of its constituents, and particu-
larly to the blood.   This fluid  was considered to
be impoverished when it was  pale,  without the
proper consistence, and  abounding in serum.   It
was, on the contrary, rich, in their opinion, when
of a scarlet colour; possessing consistence; when
It  coagulated  promptly, and  the quantity  of
terum, compared with that of the clot, was by no
means  considerable.
  IMPR^EGNATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  IMPREGNATION, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
  IMPRESSIBILITY,  see  Sensibility—i. Great,
Jlyperaesthesis.
  IMPRES'SION, Imprea'eio  (in, and premere,
yreeaum, 'to press'), Proa'bole, (¥.)  Empreinte.
1  more or less  deep indentation which  certain
>rgans seem to make  on  others.  Inequalities
observable on the bones,  which appear  to  be
toiade by the subjacent organs.
  Impres'sions Dig"ital, Impreaeio'nee digita'ta
tra'nii, Foeea digita'lee, are the depressions of
various forms, observable at the inner surface of
the cranium, which look, at first view, as  if they
were made with the fingers.
  IMPRESSIONABILITE, see Sensibility.
  IMPU'BER, Impu'bea, Impu'bie, Ane'bue,  Ca-
pilla'tue, from in,  ' negation,' and pnber, ' at the
age of puberty.'  (F.) Impublre. One who  has
not attained the age of puberty.
  IMPUBES, Impuber.
  IMPUDICUS, see Digitus.
  IMPUISSANCE, Impotence.
  IMPULSE, DIAS'TOLIC, Impul'eue diaetol-
icue, Back etroke of ihe heart.  A jog or stroke
which has been termed the  'back stroke/ felt at
the end of each pulsation, and which would seem
to be owing to the refilling of the ventricles.
  Impulsf. op the Heart,  see Heart.
  IMPULSION DU CCEUR, see Heart.
  IMPURITATES ALVINE, Faeces.
  INANIA, Iliac regions.
  INANITIATED, see  Inanitiation.
   INANITIA'TION,  Inanitia'tio,  same etymon
| as the  next.  The act of being exhausted for
 want of nourishment.   One so exhausted is said
 to be inanit"iated.
   INANIT"ION, Inanil'io, Inau'itae, from ina-
\ nire, inanitum,  'to empty.'   Ceno'eie.  Exhaus-
 tion for want of nourishment.  To die from in-
 anition is to die from exhaustion.
   INAPPETENTIA,  Anorexia, Dysorexia.
   INARTICULATIO, Enarthrosis.
   INAURA'TION, luaura'tio, from in, aDd  au-
 rum, 'gold.'  The gilding of pills or boluses.
   INCANTAMENTUM. Charm.
   INCANTA'TION,  lucanta'tio,  Incantamen'-
 tum, Ep'ode, from  in,  and  cautare, cantatum, ' to
 sing,'—for example, a  magical song.  A mode of
 curing diseases by charms, Ac, defended by Para-
 celsus, Van Helmont, and others.
   INCARCERA'TIO,  Chatonneineni, Incarcera-
 tion— i. Intestinorum interna, Enteremphraxis
 —i. Intestinorum,  Enteroperistole.
   INCARCERATION, Incarcera'tio,  from in,
 'in/ and career, 'prison.'   Hernia is said to be
 'incarcerated/ Hernia incarcera'ta, when, owing
 to constriction about the neck of the  hernial  sac
 or elsewhere, it cannot be reduced with  facility.
 Incarceration is sometimes used in the same sense
 as strangulation.
   INCAR'N A~NS,Incartiati'rii8,Sarco'ticua.Stal'-
 tieue, Plero'ticue, Anaplero'ticue, Sarcolic, from
 in, and caro, carnie, 'flesh.'  Medicines, which
 were fancied to promote the regeneration of the
 flesh.   Certain bandages and  sutures have, also,
 been so called.
   INCARNATIO,   Incarnation — i.  Unguium,
 Onychogryphosis.
   INCARNA'TION, Incarna'tio,  same etymon.
 Growth of flesh or granulations.
   INCARNATUS, Carneous.
   INCEN'DIUM,  from incendere (in, and can-
 dere), ' to burn.'  Pyrca'a, irvpeaia, Causis, Phlo-
 go'eis.   A burning  fever or any burning  heat.—
 Incen'dittm  febrile, lucen'do.  — Willis.  Inflam-
 mation, Phlegmon.
   Incendicm Spontaneum,  Combustion, human.
   INCENSIO, Incendium.
   INCENTIVUM, Stimulant.
   INCERA'TION,  Incera'tio, Encero'eie, from
 in, and cera, ' wax.'  The  aet  of incorporating
 wax with some other  body; or, rather, the ope-
 ration whose  object is  to communicate to a dry
 substance the consistence of wax.
   INCERNIC'ULUM, from  incernere  (in, and
 cernere), ' to sift.'  A strainer or sieve.
   INCESSIO, Bath, half, Semicupium.
   INCESSUS, Walking.
   INCIDEN'TIA, from incidere, incieum (in, and
 cadere),'to cut.'   (¥.) Incisifie.  This name was
 formerly given to medicines to which was attri-
 buted the property of cutting thick or coagulated
 humours.   The fixed  alkalies,  hydrosulphurets
 of alkalies, sulphurous water,  Ac, were con-
 sidered  to belong to this class.
   INCINERATION,  Incinera'tio,  Cinera'tion,
 Cinefiac'tio, from tn, and cinis, cineris,  'ashes.'
 In pharmacy, a process by which animal or vege-
 table substances are reduced to ashes.
   INCINCTA, Pregnant
   INCISIFS, Incidentia.
   INCISIO, Cut, Incision—i.  Simplex, Haploto-
 mia.
   INCIS'ION, Incis'io, En'cope, Incieu'ra, hid'-
 eue, Tome, (¥.) Tail fade.  Same etymon as Inci-
 dentia.  A  methodical division of soft parts with
 a cutting instrument.
   INCI'SIVE, Inciei'vue, Incieo'riue, Foeea inci-
 ei'va sen myrtifor'mie, is a depression in the supe-
 rior maxillary bone, above the incisor teeth. ' 
INCISIVUS  MUSCULUS       493                  INDEX
   Incisive Bone, Intermaxillary bone—i. Canal,
 see Palatine canals.
   Incisive Nerve, Nervus inciai'vus.  A branch
 of the inferior dental nerve, which supplies the
 incisor teeth.
   Incisive Teeth, Inclaor Teeth, Den'tes  inci-
 so'res seu tom'ici seu ctenes seu  dichaate'rea seu
 yelnai'ni seu primo'ree seu raao'rii.  The  teeth
 which occupy the anterior part of the upper and
 lower jaws are  so called, because they are  used
 for cutting the food in  the manner of cutting in-
 struments.   The two middle incisors of the upper
 jaw are, at times, called Butter teeth.
   INCISIVUS  (MUSCULUS),  Levator labii su-
 perioris proprius — i. Inferior, Levator labii  infe-
 rioris — i. Lateralis et pyramidalis, Levator  labii
 superioris alaeque nasi—i. Medius, Depressor alae
 nasi.
   INCISOR TEETH, Incisive teeth.
   INCISO'RIUM, Tomlon.  An operating table.
 A scalpel.
   INCISORIUS^ Incisive.
   INCISURA, Echancrure, Incision — i. Crucia-
 lis, Crucial Incision—i. Ischiadica Major, Sciatic
 notch, greater—i. Ischiadica Minor, Sciatic notch,
 lesser—i. Lienalis,  Hilus lienalis—i. Renalis,
 Hilus renalis—i. Scapularis, Notch, scapular —
 i. Septi, see Ventricles of the brain.
   Incisu'ra Trag"ica, Notch of the Concha.  A
 wide, deep and  rounded  notch,  which separates
 the tragus from  the antitragus.
   INCISURES  DE  SANTORINI,  Santorini,
 fissures  of.
   INCISUS, Incision.
   INC1TABILITY,  Irritability.
   1NCITAMENTUM, Stimulus.
   INCITANS, Stimulant.
   INCITATIO,  Stimulation.
   INCI'TO-MOTOR, (F.) Incito-moteur.  An epi-
 thet, applied to  an action the reverse  of excito-
 inotor; as in tbe case of muscular motion, which
 commences in the nervous  centres  and excites
 the muscles to contraction.
   INCLAVATIO, Gomphosis, see Wedged.
   INCLINATIO, Decline—i. Coeli, Climate.
   INCLUSION, MONSTROSITY BY, Emboite-
 ment.
   INCLUSUS, see Wedged.
   INCOCTUS, see Crudity.
   INCOHE'RENCE,  Incohe'rency,  (¥.)  Anaco-
 luthie, RSvaaaerie; from  in,  'negation, co,  con,
 cum, 'with/ and harere, 'to stick.'  Want of de-
 pendence of one  part on another.   The condition
 of the mental manifestations in dementia, Ac.
   INCOMPATIBLE,  from  in, 'negation/  and
 eompetere, ' to agree.'  A substance, which  can-
 not be prescribed with another,  without inter-
 fering with' its  chemical composition or  medicinal
 activity.
   INCONTINENTIA, from in,  ' negation/  and
 contineo, 'I  contain;'  Anepia'cheai8.   'Inconti-
 nence.'  ' Inability to retain the natural evacua-
 tion.'  Abuse of  the pleasures of love.
   Incontinentia  Alvi,  Diarrhoea—i.  Urinae,
 Enuresis. Scoracrasia.
   INCORPORATION, Incorpora'tio,  Corpora'-
 tio,  Ensomato'eia, Metenaomato''eie,  from in,  and
 corpua, corporie,  ' a  body.'   An  operation,  by
 which medicines  are  mixed  with  soft  or liquid
 bodies, in order to give them a certain consist-
 ence.  Also, the  thorough admixture of various
 substances.
  INCRASSAN'TIA,  Incraaaatlva,  Invieean'-
 tia,  Spiaean'tia,  Ecpyc'tica,  Condenaan'tia,  Pa-
 cinin'tica, Pycnolica,  Pycniemae'tica,  from  in,
 and crassue, ' thick.'   Medicines which were  for-
 merly believed to possess the pwer of thickening
the humours,  when too thin.   All mucilaginous
substances were so regarded.
   INCRASSATIVA, Incrassantia.
   IN'CREASE, Incrcmen'tum, Auxis, Anxe'eie,
 from in, and crescere, ' to grow.'   (F.) Accroisae-
 ment.   Augmentation  of the  size or weight  of a
 body, by the application of new molecules around
 those  which already exist.
   INCREMENTUM,  Augmentation,  Growth,
 Increase.
   INCRUCIATIO, Decussation.
   INCRUSTATION, Incruata'tio,  from in, and
 crusta, 'a crust;' Coni'aeie.  The act  of forming
 a crust on the  surface of a body, as well  as the
 crust  itself.  Also, the  calcareous  deposits or
 cartilaginous plates, which  sometimes  form in
 organs.
   INCUBATIO, Incubation.
   INCUBATION,  Incuba'tio, Incnbil'io, Incil-
 bitue,  from iucubare, incubitum, (in, and cubare,)
 'to lie upon.'  This word, which is used in natu-
 ral history for  the sitting of birds upon their
 eggs,  is  employed, figuratively, in medicine, for
 tbe period that elapses between the introduction
 of a morbific principle into the animal economy
 and the invasion of the disease.
   INCUBITIO, Incubation.
   INCUBITUS, Incubation.
   INCUBO, Incubus.
   IN'CUBUS.  Same etymon.  In'cubo, Epial-
 tee, Ephial'tee, I. noctur'nus, Hypnophob'ia, Epi-
 lepsia noctuma, Asthma  noctur'niint, Pnigal'ion,
 Sac'cubit8,  Oneirodynia  gravans,  Erethie'mua
 oneirodynia, Noctur'na opprcs'sio, Epib'ole,  Ba-
 buzica'riiie,  Nightmare,' Wildmare,  Riding-hag,
 (Prov.) Bitch-daughter,  Hel/a, (¥.) Cunchemar,
 Cauchevieille, Cochemar,  Oneirodynie gravative.
 Same  etymon.   A  sensation  of  a distressing
 weight at the epigastrium during sleep, and of
 impossibility of motion,  speech, or respiration;
 the patient at length awaking in terror, after ex-
 treme  anxiety.  Nightmare is  often the effect of
 difficult digestion or of an uneasy position  of the
 body.  At other times, it occurs  in  consequence
 of severe emotions.  The sensation of suffocation
 was formerly ascribed to the person's being poe-
 aeased, and the male spirits were called incnbea—
 the  female auccubes.  The disease  requires no
 particular treatment. The causes must be avoided.
   Incubus Vigilan'tium,  Ephial'tee vigilan'-
 tium, E. hypochondrl aca, Daymare.  This is pro-
 duced  during wakefulness; the sense of pressure
 being  severe and extending over the abdomen ;
 respiration frequent, laborious, and  constricted;
 eyes fixed; sighing, deep and violent; intellect,
 undisturbed.
   INCUNABULA, Swathing clothes.
   INCUNEATIO, Gomphosis, see Wedged,
   INCU'RABLE, Incurab'ilie, Rem'edileea, Irre-
 me'diuble,  Inaanab'ilia,   Analthes,  Anaces'tos,
 Atherapeu'tus, from tn, negative, and cura, cure.
 Not susceptible of cure;—applied to both patients
 and diseases.
   INCURIA, Acedia.
   INCURSUS ARTERIARUM, Pulse.
   INCURVATIO, Gryposis.
   INCUS, genitive, incn'dia,  (tn, .and citdo, 'I
 hammer,') ' an anvil.' Acmon, Oa incu'di eim'ile,
 Osaic'ulum Incudi seu mohlri denti compara'tum,
 (¥.)  Endume.  One of the small bones of the
 ear, sr/called from  its  fancied resemblance to a
 smith's anvil.  It is situate in the cavity of the
 tympanum, between the malleus and orbiculare.
 Its body  is  articulated  with  the malleus;  its
 horizontal  ramus, which  is the  shortest, corre-
 sponds with the  entrance of the  mastoid cells;
 and its vertical ramite is  articulated with the oa
orbiculare.  The incus is  composed of a compact
tissue,  and is developed  from  a single  point  of
ossification.
  INDEX, Dig"itue index seu secun'dus seu salu 
INDIAN ARROW  WOOD     494
INFANS
tator'iua, Demonstra'tor, Indica'tor, Indicato'riua,
Llchanos,  Deic'ticos, from  indicare, ' to  point
out.'  The  forefinger, index finger.  See Digitus.
  INDIAN ARROW WOOD, see Euonymus —
i. Paint, Hydrastis Canadensis—i. Physic, Gille-
ida trifoliata—i. Physic, small-flowered, Gillenia
stipulacea.
  INDIAN  SPRINGS,  see  Georgia,  Mineral
waters of.
  INDIA'NA, MINERAL WATERS  OF.   A
medicinal  spring, near  Jeffersonville, is  much
frequented.  Its waters are strongly impregnated
with sulphur and iron.
  IN'DICANT, Iildicans, Endeic'ticos, (¥.) In-
dicatifi.  Same  etymon  as index.  Any  thing
which, in the course of a disease  or in what pre-
cedes or accompanies it,  concurs  in pointing out
the means  to be used for its cure.
  IN DIG AT IF, Indicant.
  INDICATING DAYS, Dies In'dices seu  In-
dicato'rii seu Indicau'tes seu Contemplan'tes, (¥.)
Jours indicateurs.  Hippocrates and others have
thus called the middle day of the septenary;  be-
cause they  imagined, that indications were some-
times given then of the crisis which would occur
in the last  day of the septenary.
  INDICATION, lndica'tio,  Accuea'tio,  Dela'-
tio, Endeix'ia, Endex'ia, Bo'ithemalicum Semei'on.
The object proposed in  the employment of any
means which are had recourse to  for the cure of
disease.  It  may also be defined—the manifesta-
tion afforded by the  disease itself of what is pro-
per to be done for its removal.
  INDICATOR, Extensor proprius indicis, see
Digitus, and Index.
  INDICUM, Indigo.
  INDICUS COLOR, Indigo.
  INDIGENCE, Want.
  INDIG"ENOUS,  Inditfena, 'Inborn.'   From
i.'du, obsolete for 'in,' and  geno, obsolete for
gigno, ' I  generate.'  Whatever  is  native  in  a
country, in opposition to exotic ; as an indigenoue
remedi/, indigenous diaeaee, Ac.
  INDIGESTION,  Dyspepsia —i. Alkaline, see
Dvspepsia—i. Neutral, see Dyspepsia.
  "INDIGITATIO, Intussusceptio.
  INDIGNABUNDUS,  Rectus externus oculi.
  INDIGNATORIUS, Rectus externus oculi.
  IN'DIGO,  Indignm,  In'dicum, Indicue  color,
Pigmen'tum In'dicum.  A dye-stuff, in small solid
masses, of a deep azure  blue colour, and devoid
of smell and taste.  It is obtained, by a fermenta-
tive process, from Indigof'era anil, (I. sitffruti-
co'ea,) I. argen'tea, (I. articula'ta seu tincto'ria
seu glau'ca seu colora'ta,) and /. tincto'ria seu
In'dica,  and is sometimes used  by the apothe-
cary for  colouring certain preparations.   It  has
likewise been administered internally, of late, in
spasmodic  diseases, especially in  epilepsy.   The
dose  may  be at first grains, but  it may be ele-
vated to drachms.
  Indigo,  False, (Tall White,)  see Sophora
tinctoria.
  INDIGO, FAUX, Galega officinalis—i. Weed,
Sophora tinctoria.
  Indigo,  Wild, Sophora tinctoria — i. Yellow,
Sophora  tinctoria.
  INDIGOFERA, see Indigo, Sophora tiactoria.
  INDIGUM, Indigo.
  IN.DISPOSIT"ION,  Mala  diapoeil'io,  Dye-
phor'ia,  (¥.) Malaise.   From in,  'negation,' and
disponere,  diepoaitum,  'to put  in  order.'   A
slight functional disturbance, which may scarcely
bear the name of disease.  A feeling of sickness—
eeneiieagritu'dinie ; vulgarly an all-overieh feeling.
  IN'DOLENT, In'dolens, from in, privative, and
dolere, ' to  be in  pain.'   Exhibiting little or no
pain.  An  epithet particularly applied to certain
tumours.
  INDOLENTLY, Anodynia.
  IN'DOLES. A natural disposition or character.
  Indoles An'imi.  The  natural disposition  or
character of mind.
  Indoles Morbi.  The nature or character of a

  INDOSYNCLONUS, Beriberi.
  INDUC'TIO,  Apago'gc,  from  induccre, (in,
and ducere, dvctum, ' to lead.')   A word used es-
pecially for the action  of extending a plaster upon
linen.
  INDUCULA,  Waistcoat, strait,
  INDUMENTUM CORDIS,  Pericardium — i.
Nervorum, Neurilemma—i. Ventriculorum, Epen-
dyma ventriculorum.
  INDU'RANS, (in and durue, 'hard.')'  Scle-
ral icue, Scleruilticue, Scleryn'ticue.  A medicine
which hardens the parts to which is applied.
  INDURATIO, Induration — i.  Intestinorum,
Enteropathia cancerosa — i. Maligna,  Scirrhus —
i. Renum, Nephroscleria—i. Telle  cellulosae neo-
natorum, see Induration—i. Ventriculi scirrhosa,
Gastroseirrhus.
  INDURATION, Indura'tio, Sclerye'ma, Scle-
rya'mva, Calloa'itae, Indiirescen'tia,  Poro'ma, Po-
ro'aia, (¥.) Endnrciaaement.  The hardness which
supervenes, occasionally, in an inflamed part.  It
is one of the terminations of inflammation, and is
owing to a change in the nutrition of the part.
  Induration op  the  Are'olar or Cellular
Tissue, Indura'tio cellulo'sa, Induratio seu f)p-
pila'tio tela cellulo'sa neonato'rum, Ethmyphofy-
lo'eie, (Ede'ma neonato'rnm, Compact (Ede'ma  of
Infante, Oat'ochue Infan'tum, Sclere'mia, Sctere'-
ma, Sclero'ma,  Scleroderma, Cutis tenaa chroil-
ica,  Dermatoperieclero'sie,  Dermatoperiaelerys-
mue, Haloniltia, Phlegmasia cellula'ria, Sciirlto-
extr'ca neonato'rnm, Sclerlaeie neonato'rum, Scle-
ro'eie,  Stipa'tio  tela  cellulo'sa  Infantum,  Skin-
bound Disease, Skin-bind, Skin-tight, Hidebound,
(¥.) Endnrciaaement du tissu cellulaire; (Edlme
du tieeu cellulaire dee nouveau-nSa, Aaphyxie lente
dea nouveau-nSa, is a disease which attacks infants
a few days after birth, and which Chaussier pro-
posed to call SclSrlme, from oeXnpos, 'hard.'
  The Induration of the areolar tissue of the adult,
Scleroateno'eie cuta'nea, has been regarded as the
result of inflammation  of tbe corrdm, Chorionltie.
  Induration op the  Brain, Sclerencephalia—
i. Griee, see Hepatization.
  INDURESCENTIA, Induration.
  INDU'SIUM, Chitonie'coe.  Strictly, 'a shirt,'
'a small tunic'  Some have so called the amnion
  INE'BRIANT, Ine'briane, Phantae'ticua; from
in and ebrio, ' I intoxicate.'  Intoxicating.  An
agent that intoxicates.
  INEBRIATION, Temulentia.
  INEBRIATION QUINIQUE, Quininism.
  INEDIA, Fasting.
  INERTIA, from in, 'negation,'and ara,artis,
'art,'  Igna'via, Ener'vitae.   Sluggishness,  in-
activity.
  Iner'tia OP the Womb, (F.)  Inertie de la ma-
trice.  The diminution and even  total cessation
of the contractions of the uterus during labour;
as well as tbe  species  of languor into  which  it
sometimes falls after tbe expulsion of the foetus.
  INERTIE PAR EPUISEMENT, see Partu-
rition—)'.  de la Matrice, Inertia of the womb.
  INESIS, Cenosis.
  INETHMOS.  Cenosis.
  IN EXTREMIS. Psychorages.
  IN'FANCY, Infian'tia, from in, 'negation/and
fane, from fori, 'to  speak.'  Early childhood.
Childhood; Ne'piotee, Paidla. (¥.) Enfiance.  It
generally  includes  the age from birth till  the
seventh year.  Sec Age.
  INFANS,  Paldion, Ne'pioe, (8c.) GaitlinS, 
INFANTIA
495
INFLAMMATION
 Gytling,  (Old  Eng.  and  Prov.)  Barn;  (Sc.)
 Baby, (¥.) Enfant.  An infant, a  baby, a child,
 one in infancy.  In law, one who has not attained
 the age of legal capacity; which is, in general,
 fixed at twenty-one years.
   Infans recens  natus, Nouveau-nS.
   INFANTIA, Infancy.
   INFANT ICIDE, Iufantici dium, Tecnocton'ia,
 Child-murder, from infane, 'a child,' and cadere,
 ' to kill.'   The murder of a child newly born, or
 on the point of being born.  It may  be  perpe-
 trated by the mother, or by some other person,
 either by commieeion, that is, in consequence of a
 direct voluntary act;—or  by omieeion of those
 cares which are necessary for the preservation of
 the new-born.
   INFARCTIO, Emphraxis.
   INFARCTION, Emphraxis.
   INFARCTUS, from in, and farcire, farctum,
 'to stuff.'  Emphraxis.
   Inparctus Intestinorum, Enteremphraxis—i.
 Hannoptoicus  Laennecii, see  Haemoptysis—i.
 Lactei extremitatum, Phlegmatia dolens—i. Lie-
 nis, Splenoncus.
   Inparc'tcs MammjE Lac'teus,  Lactie concre-
 tio'nes, Nodi seu Thrombi lactei, Trichiasis lac-
 tea.  Knotty  tumours  of the  female  mammae,
 owing to  the accumulation and arrest of milk in
 the galactophorous ducts.
   I.vfarctus  Uteri, Metremphraxis.
   INFECTIO PURULENTA, see Pyohaemia.
   INFECTION, see Contagion.
   INFECTIOUS, see  Contagious.
   INFECUNDITY, Sterility.
   INFECUNDUS,  Sterile.
   INFER'NAL, Infer'nus; 'relating to hell.'  A
 name applied to caustic — Lapis Inferna'lie—on
 account of its strong burning properties.
   INFIBULATIO, Fibula'tio, Iiifibula'tion,Anc-
 terias'mus; from fibula, 'a clasp.'   (¥.) Boucle-
 ment.  An operation,  formerly  practised,  which
 consisted  in passing a ring through the prepuce,
 after having drawn it over the glans;—in order
 to prevent coition.   The ancients employed infi-
 bulation  with  their gladiators  to preserve  all
 their strength by depriving them of venery.  In
 the women, to preserve their chastity, the ring
 was passed thrortgh  the labia majora.
   INFILTRATION,  Infiltra'tio,  from  filtrare,
 ' to filter.'  Effusion.  The passage or effusion of
 a fluid into the areolae of any texture, and par-
 ticularly of the areolar  membrane.  The  fluid
 effused is  ordinarily the  Liquor sanguinis,  sound
 or  altered — sometimes  blood or pus,  faeces, or
 urine.   When  infiltration of a serous  fluid  is
 general, it constitutes anasarca; • when  local,
 ozdema.
   INFIL TRAT ION P UR ULENTE, see Hepa-
 tization.
   INFINITES'IMAL. Infinites'imus,  from  in,
 and finitus,' limited.' Unlimited. An epithet em-
 ployed  by the homoeopathists for  their endless
 subdivisions of drugs :—the decillionth of a grain,
 for example, is "an  infinitesimal dose."
  INFIRM,  Infirm'ne, Imbe'cillie,  Deb'ilia, Aa'-
 thenea, Hypoc'ratea, from in, negative-! and firmus,
 'firm.'  Not firm or sound; weak;  feeble.
  INFIRMARIUM, Hospital.
  INFIRMARY*,  Hospital.
  INFIRMATORIUM, Hospital.
  INFIRMIER (¥.). from in firmus, (in, negative,
and firmus.)   Infirma'riua, Noaoc'omna,  Cura'tor
iitfirmo'rnm.  One employed  in an hospital or in-
firmary to take care of the sick.
  .■INFIRM'ITY, Infirm'itae, Aetheni'a, Arrhoe'-
tia, Invaletu'do.  Any disease which has become
habitual,  either owing to its chronic character,
or it* numerous relapses.
  INFL/TMED, (Old  Eng.) Flamed, Inflamma'- 1
tue, (¥.) EnflammS, PhlogoeS, — Phlnga'eed, ac-
cording to some.  Same etymon as inflammation.
Affected with inflammation.
   INFLAMMABLE  AIR,  Hydrogen,  carbu-
retted.
   INFLAMMATIO, Inflammation, Phlegmon—
i.  Abdominalis, Encoelitis — i.  Articuli Maxillae
Inferioris, Hyposiagonarthritis—i. Auris, Oiiti.-—
i.  Bronchiorum, Bronchitis—i.  Caeci,  Typhlo en-
teritis—i. Capsulae lentis.  Phacohyinenitis—i. Ce-
rebelli, Cerebellitis— i. Clitoridis, Nymphitis—i.
Conjunctivae, see Ophthalmia — i. Cornea?, Cera-
titis— i. Coxae, Osphyitis — i. Crouposa, Croupy
inflammation—i.  Cystidis felleae, Cholecystitis—
i.  Debilis,  see  Inflammation — i. Epiglottidis,
Epiglottitis — i. Erysipelatosa,  Erysipelatous in-
flammation—i. Faucium, Cynanche, Isthmitis—i.
Gastritis, Gastritis—i. Genae, Gnathitis—i. Genae,
Melitis—i. Gingivae, Ulitis—i. Glandularum lym-
phaticaruin, Hydradenitis—i. Glandularum  lym-
phaticarum, Lymphadenitis—i.  Glandularum sub-
lingualium, Hypojdossiadenitis—i. Gulae,Oesopha-
gitis—i. Hepatis,  Hepatitis—i. Hepatis lenta, He-
patitis (chronic)—i. Interna, Empresma—i. Intes-
tinorum, Enteritis—i. Iridis, Iritis—i. Jecoris, He-
patitis—i. Laryngis, Laryngitis—i. Lienis, Spleni-
tis— i.  Ligamentorum, Syndesmitis — i. Linguae,
Glossitis—i. Mediastini, Mesodmitis—i. Medullae
Spinalis, Myelitis — i. Musculi  psoas,  Psoitis — i.
Musculorum, Myositis — i. Musculorum  abdomi-
nalium, Myocoeliitis — i. Nervorum, Neuritis —i.
Oculorum, Ophthalmia—i. CEsojiiagi, Oesophagi-
tis—i. Omenti, Epiploitis—i. Ossis, Ostalgitis—i.
Ovarii,  Oaritis—i. Palati, Hyperoitis—i. Pancre-
atis, Pancreatitis—i. Parenchymatica, Parenchy-
mals—i. Parotidum, Parotitis, Cynanche paro-
tidaea— i. Pectoris acuta, Pneumonia — i. Pera.
cuta,  Hyperphlogosis, Hyperphlegmasia—i.  Peri.
cardii, Pericarditis—i. Periostei, Periostitis — i
Periostei orbitae, Periorbitis  — i. Peritonaei,  Peri-
tonitis— i. Pharyngis,  Cynanche pbaryngea — i.
Phrenitis,  Phrenitis — i.  Pleurae,  Pleuritis — i.
Pneumonica, Pneumonia — i. Pulmonum, Pneu-
monia— i.  Renum, Nephritis — i. Renum suc-
centuriatorum, Paranephritis—i. Retinae, Dictyi-
tis, Retinitis—i. Sclerotica,  Sclerotitis—i. Scroti,
Oschitis — i. Septi transversi, Diaphragmitis —i.
Sinuum frontalium, Metopantritis — i. Stomachi,
Gastritis—i'. Superficici internae cordis, Endocar-
ditis— i. Telse cellulosae, Ethmyphytis—i.  Telae
fibrosae, Inohymemtis — i. Testium, Hernia hu-
moralis—i. Tonsillarum, Cynanche tonsillaris—i.
Tunicae hyaloideae, Hyalitis — i. Tympani, Tym-
panitis— i.  Urethras,  Gonorrhoea — i. Uteri, Me-
tritis—i. Uteri  catarrhalis, see  Metritis—i. Uteri
et Peritonaei, Metroperitonitis—i. Uvulae, Uvuli-
tis—i. Vasorum, Angeitis—i. Vasorum lymphati-
corum, Angeioleucitis—i. Ventriculi, Gastritis—i.
Ventriculi  et  intestinorum,  Gastro-enteritis — i.
Vesicae, Cystitis—i. Vesicae felleae, Cholecystitis.
   INFLAMMATION,  Inflamma'tio,  from  in,
and flamma, 'flame/ ' fire :'  Phleg'mone, Phlogo'-
sis, Ecphlogo'eie,  Epiphleg"ia,  Exap'eie, Phleg-
masia,  Causo'ma, Emprea'ma, Phlo'gia, Hyperen-
doemoae (Dutrochet), Inceililium, Hyperhamato'-
aia, Hypera'mia acti'va, Phleboplero'eia ecphrac'-
tica, <¥.) Angiite,  is so  called in consequence of
the acute or burning pain felt  in a part affected
with it.  An irritation in a part of the body is oc-
casioned by some stimulus;—owing to which the
blood  flows  into the capillary vessels  in greater
abundance than natural, and those vessels become
over-dilated and  enfeebled; whence result pain,
redness, heat, tension, and  swelling;  symptoms
which appear in greater or less  severity, accord-
ing to the  structure, vital properties,  and  func-
tions of the  part affected, and its connexion  with
other  parts,  as well as according to the constitu-
tion of the individual. 
INFLAMMATION DES AMYGD ALES 4 9 6
INFLUENZOID
  Simple accumulation of blood in the capillaries I
of the part is hyperamia, not inflammation.  The |
l:itter  requires,  in  addition, altered nutrition
either of the vessels themselves, or of the sur-
rounding tissues, or of both.
  The inflammations of the areolar and serous
membranes  greatly  agree;—and  those  of the
mucous and skin ;  the  former being more active,
and  constituting the phlegmonous variety; — the
latter, the erylhematic or eryaipelatom.   Of this
variety  is the diffusive inflammation produced by
morbid  poisons,—as during dissection, where so-
lutions  of continuity exist on the fingers of the
operator.  It is seen, too, in workers in bone, and
hence has been called.bone fever.   Preparatory to
the turning of bones, it is customary to macerate
them in water.  The fluid soon becomes  putrid,
and  if the  hands be kept in it diffusive  inflam-
mation  results.  Inflammation may end by  reso-
lution, suppuration, gangrene, adhesion, effusion,
or induration.  Each of the inflammations of in-
ternal organs has received a name  according to
the organ affected; — as, gastritie, cephalitie, en-
teritie, hepatitie, Ac.  Besides the above  inflam-
mations, it has been considered, that there  is  an
instinctive kind established for the union of parts
which  have been  divided,  whether tbe union
takes place immediately, or by the aid  of an in-
termediate body.   This  is the adheeive  inflam-
mation  of some; but it may well be questioned
whether inflammation  is ever desirable in  such
cases.  See Adhesion,  Callus,  Cicatrix.  Brous-
mis  considered that the term inflammation should
Include every  local  exaltation  of the  organic
movements which  is sufficiently  great to  disturb
the  harmony  of the functions, and disorganize
the  texture in which  it  is  situate.  He  farther
extended  the name inflammation to irritations
which do not  induce disorganization of the tex-
tures, and which  had  been previously, and are
still, called fevers.
   Examination  of the blood drawn always  exhi-
bits  an increase of the fibrinous  elements — the
average proportion of which, in healthy blood, is
about three in the thousand.  In  inflammation, it
at times rises as high as ten.  In fevers unaccom-
panied  with inflammation, the proportion is natu-
ral,  or below the average; but whenever  inflam-
mation supervenes, it immediately rises.
   External inflammation is easily detected by the
characters already mentioned:—internal, by dis-
turbance of function and pain upon pressure; but
the last sign is  often not available.  Both forms
require the removal of all  irritation, and the re-
duction of vascular excitement and nervous irri-
tability ; hence, blood-letting—local and  general
— sedatives, refrigerants, and  counter-irritants
become valuable remedies in almost all cases of
inflammation.
   Inflammation is not always of the active  kind.
There is a form,Inflamma'tio deb'ilia, which occurs
in low  conditions  of the  system, and in  broken
down constitutions, which,  like  many forms of
chronic inflammation, requires a stimulant, rather
than a  sedative, mode of treatment.
   INFLAMMATION  DES  AMYGDALES,
Cynanche tonsillaris—t. dee Artlrea, Arteritis—
i. of the Bladder,  Cystitis—i. de la Bouche, Sto-
matitis— t. dee Branchea, Bronchitis — t. du Ca-
cum, Typhlo-enteritis—i. of the Caecum, Typhlo-
eoteritis—i. du  Cerveau et du Cervelet, Phrenitis
—i. du Coeur, Carditis—i. du Colon, Colitis—j. de
la Conjonctive,  see  Ophthalmia — i. of the Dia-
phragm, Diaphragmitis—i. Diffusive, see  Inflam-
mation — i. Diphtheritic, Diphtheritis — i. of the
Ear, Otitis — t. de I'Epiglotte, Epiglottitis—i. de
I'Eetomac, Gastritis—i. of the Eye, Ophthalmia—
i. du Foie, Hepatitis — i. dee Gencivee, Ulitis—i.
General, Synocha — i. of the Internal Membrane
of the Heart, Endocarditis—i. Internal, Emprei-
ma—i. dee Inteetine, Enteritis—i. of the Iris, Iri-
tis—i. of the Kidney, Nephritis—i. de la Langue,
Glossitis—i. of the  Larynx, Laryngitis—«• of the
Liver, Hepatitis — t. de la Luette, Uvulitis—i. of
the Lungs. Pneumonia—i. of the Malpighian Bo-
dies, Kidney, Bright's disease of the—t. dee Ma-
mellee, Mastitis—i.  de la Matrice, Metritis—i. de
la Membrane ulcSolo-dentaire, Periodontitis — i.
de la Membrane eSreuee cSphalo-rachidienne, Me-
ningitis—i. of the Mesentery, Mesenteritis—t. de
la Moelle Spinilre  ou rachidienne, Myelitis —i.
of the  Mouth, pseudo-membranous,  Stomatitis,
pseudo-membranous—i. of the Mouth, pultaceous,
Aphthae — t. dee Musclee, Myositis — i. des Nerfe,
Neuritis—», de IQiil, Ophthalmia—i. de l Oreille,
Otitis—t. de I'Ovaire, Oaritis—t. du Palaie, Hy-
peroitis—i. du Parenchyme pulmonaire, Pneumo-
nia— i. de la Parotide, Cynanche parotidaea — i.
Pellicular, Diphtheritis — i. du  PSricarde, Pe-
ricarditis — i. of the Pericardium. Pericarditis
— j. du PSritoine, Peritonitis — i. of  the  Perito-
naeum,  Peritonitis—i. of  the  Pleura, Pleuritis—
i. de  la  Pllcre,  Pleuritis — i.  dee Poumons,
Pneumonia—i. du Muecle paoae, Psoitis—i. de la
Rate, Splenitis—i. dee Heine, Nephritis—=i. Spon-
goid, HaEinatodes Fungus, see also Encephaloid—
i. of the Stomach,  Gastritis — i. de la  Teeticule,
Hernia  humoralis—i. of the Testicle, Hernia hu-
moralis—t.  dee  Tteeue  blance, Angeioleucitis—i.
of the Tongue, Glossitis — t. dee Vaieeeaux Lym-
phatiquea, Angeioleucitis—i. dea Veinee, Phlebi-
tis—i. de la VSsicnle da Fiel, Cholecystitis—i.dc
la Veeaie, Cvstitis—i. of the Womb, Metritis.
   INFLAMMATIUN'CULA,   Subinflamma'tio.
A superficial and often insignificant inflamma-
tion of the skin, as in many cutaneous affections.
   INFLAM'MATORY,/nyZa»i»natoV/i(s,- Phlog"-
icua, Phlogo'dea, Phlogie'ticue, Phlogie'tic, belong.
ing to inflammation ;—as, inflammatory tumour,
inflammatory fever, Ac   The blood is said to be
inflammatory when cupped or buffed.  See Co-
rium phlogistieum.
   INFLAMMATORY BLUSH, Erythema.
   INFLAMMATUS, Inflamed.
   INFLATIO.  Emphysema,  Puffiness,   Colica
flatulenta—i. Parotidum,  Cynanche parotidaea —
i. Uteri.  Phvsometra.
   INFLEXIO, Campsis.
   INFL UENCE, Influenza.
   INFLUENTIA, Influenza.
   INFLUENZA.   The Italian for 'Influence.'
 Influenza Europa'a, Influen'tia, Catar'rhue epi-
 dem'icue, C. a conta'gio, Febrie catarrha'lie epi-
 dem'ica, Rheuma  epidem'icum,  Morbue Verveci'-
 nus  seu Catarrha'lie seu Arie'tis, Syn'ochus seu
 De.flux'io catarrha'lie,  Cej>halalgia contagio'ea
 (epidemics  of the 16th and 17th centuries): (F.)
 Tac, Quinte, Florion, Coqueluehe, Baraquette, GS-
 nSrale,  Grippe, Fol/ette,  Grenade, Coquette, Co-
 cote, Petite Poete, Petit Courier, Allure, Ladendo,
 Filvre catarrhale  SpidSmique ; Influence, Epide-
 mic catarrh.  A severe form of catarrh occurring
 epidemically, and  generally  affecting a number
 of persons in a community.   See Catarrh, epide-
 mic.    Gluge, from his investigations considers
 that the following  is the chronological order of
 the return of tbe influenza:—14th century, 132.3,
 1326—15th century, 1410, 1411, 1414—16th cen-
 tury, 1510, 1557, 1562,  1574, 1580, and 1593 —
 17th century, 1658, 1669, 1675, 1693—18th cen-
 tury, 1708, 1712, 1729,  1732. 1733,  1742. 1743,
 1761, 1762, and 1775—19th century, 1800, 1803,
 1831, and 1833.  To these may be added 1837,
 and 1843.
   Influenza EuroPjEA, Influenza.
   INFLUEN'ZOlD, Influenzoi'dee.  An express-
 ive but hybridous compound: from influenza,and 
INFOEMITAS             497                INFUSUM
 ttios, 'resemblance.'  Resembling influenza.—Dr.
 T TIL                         °
 I. lhompson.
   INFORMITAS, Deformation.
   INFORTUNIUM, Contrafissura.
   INFRA-ATLOID^EUS, Sub-atloidaeus.
   INFRA-AXOID.EUS, Sub-axoidaeus.
   INFRA-COST ALES,  see Intercostal muscles.
   INFRA-MAXILLARIS, Sub-maxillary.
   INFRAMAXILLOSTERNODYMIA, Cepha-
 losomatodymia.
   INFRA-ORBITAR, Sub-orbitar.
   INFRAPUBIAN LIGAMENT, Triangular li-
 gament.
    INFRA-SCAPULARIS, Subscapularis.
    INFRA-SP1NALIS, Infra-spinatus.
    INFRA-SPINA'TUS, Infiraapina'lia, from in-
  fra. ' beneath/ and apina, ' spine.'  Situate be-
  neath the spine of the scapula.
    Infra-Spis.v'ta  Fossa, (F.) Foaee eoue-Spi-
  neuae.  A large excavation on the posterior surface
  of the scapula, beneath its spine. It is filled by the
    Infua-SpiNATUS  Muade,  Grand  Scapulotro-
  chitSrien,  Superscapula'rie  inferior (Ch.), (¥.)
  Soits-Spineux, which is'broad, flat, and triangular.
  It  is  attached, by  its base, to the three inner
  quarters of the fossa; and is inserted, by a long
  tendon, into the middle  part of the  great tubero-
  sity of the os humeri (Troch'iter).   It turns the
  arm  outwards, and, when the arm is elevated,
  carries it bnckwarjds.
    INFRINGENS,  Corrigent.
    INFUNDIB'ULUM,  (in, and fiundere, fusum,
^ ' to pour out.')  A Funnel,  Trito'rium, Chorine,
   Chonos, (¥.) Entonnoir,—of which various kinds
   are employed in  pharmaceutical operations.   A
  name, given to many parts which,  more or less,
   resemble a funnel.   See Proventriculus.  It is par-
   ticularly appropriated to the following organs:—
    Infundib'ulum  of the Brain. Infundib'itlttm
   seu Pelvie seu Choa'na seu Cy'athus seu Scyphus
   seu Concha seu Lacu'na seu Em'bolum seu Aqua-
   dtte'tue seu  Labrum seu Concav'itae conchula'rie
   seu Processus orbicitla'rie Cer'ebri, (¥.) Entoii-
   noir du ventricule moyen du cerveau, Tige Pitui-
   taire, Tige eita-aphSnoidale.  A depression in the
   inferior paries of the middle ventricle, above the
   pituitary gland.  It was, anciently, regarded  as
   a canal by which  the fluid, collected in the ven-
   tricles of  the  brain, was  evacuated, and poured
   into the nasal fossae.
    Infundibulum Cerebri, I.  of the Brain.
    Infundibulum of the Cochlea, I. Coch'lea,
   Scyphua Vieuaaen'ii seu  audito'riue,  Cucnl'lue, Ca-
   na'lie Scalilrum commu'nia.  This,  with the mo-
   diolus, forms the nucleus around which the gyri
   of the cochlea pass.  It is  an imperfect funnel,
   the apex  of which is common with that of the
   modiolus; and the  base is covered with the apex
   of the cochlea, termed Cu'pola.
    In  Surgery,  infundibula  or  funnels are used
   to direct steam or vapours; to conduct the actual
   cautery to certain morbid parts, &c.
    Infundibulum of the Ethmoid  Bone, or of
   the Nassal Fossje.  One of the anterior cells of
   that bone, which is broad and expanded  above,
   and narrow below ; opening, above,  into the fron-
   tal  sinus;  below, into  the anterior part of  the
   middle meatus of the nasal fossae.
    Infunoibulum of the Heart, Conus arterio-
   sus—i. of the Kidney, see Calix —  i. Lacrymale,
   Lachrymal  Sac—i. Tubarum  Fallopii, see Tube,
   Fallopian — i. Ventriculi, CEsophagus.
    INFUSE, Infusion.
    INFU'SION, Infillsio,  En'chysia, from infiun-
   dere (in, and fundere,fiieum), 'to pour in/ ' to in-
   troduce'   A pharmaceutical  operation,  which
   consists in pouring a hot or cold fluid upon a sub-
   stance whose medical virtues  it is  desired to ex-
   fact.  Infiueion is, also, used for the product of this
         32
operation. (¥.) Infiueion, InfueS. In Surgery, infu-
sion— Chirur'gia infiueo'ria, Are clyamalica nura
—is the act of introducing into the veins medicinal
substances, by aid of an instrument called Infueor.
See Infiusoir.  This mode of introducing medi-
cines  was called Are infiueo'ria.
  Infusion of Angustura,  Infusum  Cuspariaa
— i. of Bark, Infusum cinchonae -r i- of  Buchu,
Infusum Diosmae — i. of Calumba,  Infusum ca-
lumbae — i. of  Cascarilla, Infusum  cascarillae —
i. of Catechu, Infusum catechu compositum — i.
of Cayenne pepper, Infusum capsici — i. of Cha-
momile,  Infusum anthemidis — i. of Cinchona,
Infusum cinchonae—i. of Cloves, Infusum caryo-
phyllorum—i. of Cusparia^ Infusum cuspariae —
i. of  Dandelion,  Infusum Taraxaci—i. of Fox-
glove, Infusum digitalis—i. of Gentian, compound,
Infusum gentianae compositum—i. of Ginger, In-
fusum Zingiberis — i. of Hops, Infusum bumuli
—i. of Horseradish, compound, Infusum armora-
ciae  compositum — i. of Linseed, Infusum lini
compositum—i. of Matico, Infusum matico—i.
of Mint, compound, Infusum menthae compositum
—i. of Orange-peel, compound, Infusum aurantii
compositum — i.  of Pareira Brava,  Infusum Pa-
reirae—i.of Pinkroot.Infusum spigeliae—i.of Quas-
sia,Infusum quassiae—i. of Rhatany,Infusuni Kra-
meriae—i.  of Rhubarb, Infusum rhei — i.  of the
Rose, Infusum  rosie  compositum — i.  of Sar-
saparilla, Infusum  sarsaparillae — i. of Sassafras
pith,  Infusum  sassafras medullae — i.of  Seneku,
Infusum  Senegae — i.of Senna, Infusum sennae
compositum — i. of Simuruba, Infusum  simaru-
bae — i.  of Slippery elm, Infusum  ulmi—i. of
Thoroughwort, Infusum  eupatorii—i. of Tobacco,
Infusum tabaci—i. of Valerian, Infusum  Valeria-
nae—i. of  Virginia snakeroot, Infusum serpenta-
riae—i. of Wild cherry, Infusum pruni Virginianae.
   INFUSOIR (¥.), Infilleor.   An  instrument
for  injecting  medicinal  substances  into the
veins.  It was a kind of funnel, the elongated
apex of which was stopped by a  metallic rod,
 which could be  withdrawn when the apex was
 introduced into a vein.
   INFU'SUM, En'chyma.   The product of an
 infusion.
   Infusum Acaciae Catechu, I. catechu compo-
 situm—i. Amarum vinosum, Vinum gentianae
 compositum — i. of Angustura, I. cuspariae.
   Infusum  Anthem'idis, Hydrochamaime'lum,
 Infiueion of Cham'omile.   (Anthemid. fior. §ss;
 aq. bullient.  Oj.  Macerate for ten  minutes in  a
 covered vessel, and strain.)   Dose,  f^j to f^iss.
   Infusum Armora'cia Compos'itum, /. Armo-
 racia (Ph. U.  S.),  Compound Infiueion of Horae-
 rodiah.   (Armorac. concis.,  einapie cont, sing.
 §j ;  aqua bullient. Oj.   Macerate for two hours,
 and strain.)   Dose, f^j to f §iij.
   Infusum Auran'tii Compos'itum,  Compound
 Infiueion of Orange Peel.  (Aurant. cort. sice g'j >
 limon, cort.  recent. 5Jj;  caryoph. cont. £ss;  aq.
 fervent. Oss.  Macerate for fifteen  minutes, and
 strain.—Ph. L.)  Dose, f^iss to f^ij.
   Infusum  Brash, Wort — i. Buchu,  Infusum
 Diosmae — i. Bynes, Wort.
   Infusum Calum'bjE, /. Calom'ba seu Colomba,
 Infiueion of Columba.   (Caliimb. rad. concis. ^ss ;
 aq. fervent.  Oj.   Macerate  for two  hours, and
 strain.—Ph. U. S.)  Dose, f §iss to €^iij.
   Infusum Cap'sici, Infiueion of Cayenne Pepper.
 (Capsic.  in. pulv. crass. §ss;  aq. bullient.  Oj.
 Macerate  for two hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
 Dose, f^iss.
   Infusum  Caryophtl'li,  Infiueion of Cloves.
 (Caryoph. contus.  3>j > a1- bullient.  Oj.  Mace-
 rate  for two  hours, and  strain.)  Dose, f^jiss  to

   Infusum Cascaril'la, Injuaton  of Caacarillo.
 (Cascarill. contus. * j; aq. bullient.  Oj.  Mac*- 
INFUSUM
408
INFUSUM
rate  for two hours, and strain.)   Dose,  f Jiss to 1
m-
  Infusum  Cassia  Senna, I. sennae compo-
situm.
  Infusum  Cat'echu  Compos'itum,  /. Catechu
seu Aca'cia Catechu, Infiueion of Catechu.  (Cate-
chu, in pulv. Jss;  cinnam. cont. 3j >  a9- bullient.
Oj.   Macerate  for an  hour, and strain.)  Dose,
f Jiss to f Jij.
  Infusum  Cincho'na, /.  Cinchona  landfo'lia,
Infusion of Cinchona.   (Cinch,  contus. Jj ;  aq.
fervent. Oj.  Macerate  for two hours, and strain.)
This  infusion  may also be made from the samej
quantity of  bark in coarse powder by the process
of displacement with  hot or cold water.   Dose,
f Jj to f Jiij.  The Pharmacopoeia of the  United
States has an  lufiu'sum Cincho'na flava, Infusion
of yellow bark, and an Infu8iim Cinchona rubra,
Infiueion of red bark, which are prepared in the
same manner.  It  has also an Infileum Cincho'na
 Compoe'itnm, which is  made as follows : (Cinchon.
rubr. in puiv. Jj;  Acid.   Sulph. aromat.  f^j;
aqua, Oj.  Macerate for twelve hours,  occasion-
ally  shaking, and strain.)   Dose, same  as the
last.
  Infusum  Cinchona Compositum, see Infusum
 Cinchonas—i. Cinchonae flava?, see Infusum Cin-
chonae— i. Colombae, I. calumbae.
  Infusum  Cuspa'ria, /.  Anguatu'ra, Inftteion
of  Cuapa'ria.  (Cuepar. cort.  contus.  Jss; aq.
 bullient. Oj.  Macerate for two hours, and  strain.)
 Dose, f Jj to f Jiij.
  Infusum  Digita'lis,  I.  Digitalie purpu'rea,
 Infusion of Foxglove.  (Digital, fij;  aq. bullient.
 Oss; finer,  cinnamomi, f Jj.  Macerate for two
 hours,  and add ep. cinnam.  f Jj.)  Dose, f Jj.
   Infusum Dios'ma,  Ph. U. S.. 1842,  I.  Buchu,
 Yh-  U. S.,  1851, Infiueion of Buchu.  (Dioem.
 £j: aq. bullient. Oj.   Macerate for  two hours  in
 r covered vessel, and  strain.—Ph. U. S.)  Dose
 f *iss.
   Infusum Eupato'rii, Infiueion of Thorough-
 tort.   (Eupator. Jj ;  aq. bullient. Oj.  Macerate
 j>r  two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.)  Dos'

  Infusum  Gentia'na Compos'itum, Compound
 Infuaion of Gentian.  (Gentian, cont. Jss; Au-
 'ant. cort., Coriandr. contus. aa £j ! alcohol, dilut.
 'Jiv;  aqua, fjxij.  First  pour on the alcohol,
 *nd three hours afterwards, the water;  then ma-
 serate  for twelve hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
 Dose, f Jj to f Jij.
   Maraden'e Antiacorbu'tic Drope, an  empirical
 preparation, consist of a solution of corroeive eub-
 limate  in an infiueion of gentian.
   Infu'sum  Hu'muli, /.  Lu'puli,  Infiueion  of
 Hope.  (Humid. Jss;  aq. bullient. Oj.  Macerate
 for  two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.)  Dose,
 f Jiss to f J iij.
   Infusum Junip'eri, Infu'eion of Ju'niper. The
 common mode of making this  infusion is by an
 ounce  of Juniper Berriee  to a pint of  boiling
 water.  The whole may be  taken in  the twenty-
 four hours.
   Infu'sum Krame'rta, Infuaion of Rhat'any.
 (Kramer, contus.  Jj ;  aq. bullient. Oj.  Macerate
 for  four hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.)  Dose,
 fjiss.
   Infusum Lini, I.  L. compositum.
   Infusum Lini  Compos'itum (Ph.  U.  S., 1851),
 /.-  Lini (Ph.  U. S., 1842), /.  Lini  ueitatie'eimi,
 Infuaion of Linseed, Flaxeeed  Tea.  (Lini eem.
 cont. Jss ; glycyrrh. rad. cont. JJij ; aqua bullient.
 Oj.   Macerate for two hours, and strain.)  Dose,
 a teacupful, ad libitum.
   Infusum Lupuli, Infusum Humuli — i. Malti,
 Wort.
   Infusum  Mati'co, Infiueion  of Matico.  (Ma-
tico, Jss (avoirdupois); aq. bullient.  Oss (Imp.
meas.j.  Infuse for an hour, and strain.—Ph. D.)
Dose, f Jiss to f Jij.
   Infusum  Mentha Vir'idis, Infusion of Spear-
mint, Mint Tea.  (Mentha virid. ,^iij ; aq. bulli-
ent. Oss.  Infuse for an hour, and strain.—Ph. D.)
Dose, f Jj to f J iij.
   Infusum  PAREl'RA,/ii/u«/on of Pareira Brava.
(Pareir. ^vj ; aq. bullient. Oj (Imp. meas.).  In-
fuse for two hours, and strain.—Ph. E.)  Dose,

   Infusum  Picis Empyreumatica Liquipa, see
Pinus sylvestris — i. Picis liquidum,  see Pinus
sylvestris—i. Polygalae, Infusum Senegae.
   Infusum  Prim Virginia'na, Infuaion of Wild
 Cherry  Bark.    (Prim.  Virginian, cont.  Jss;
aqua, Oj.  Macerate for 24 hours, and  strain.—
Ph. U. S.)   Dose, f Jj to f J iij.
   Infusum  Quass'ia, /.  Qnaaeia excelsa, Infu-
aion of  Quassia.  (Quassia lign. cont.  ,^ij ; aq.
(frigid.)  Oj.   Macerate  for  twelve  hours,  and
strain.—Pb. U. S.)   Dose^f Jj  to f Jiv.
   Infusum Rhei, An'ima Rhei, Infuaion of Rhu-
barb.   (Rhei, cont. £j ; aq. fierv. Oss.   Macerate
j for  two hours, and strain. — Ph. U.S.)  Dose,
f J.i to f Jiv.
   Infusum Rosa Compos'itum, I. Roea  Gallica,
 Infiueion of the Rose.  (Roe. Gallic.  Qv  ; aq. bul-
 lient.  Oiiss; acid, eulph. d. f £iij ;  aacch. pur if.
 Jiss.  Add the water, and afterwards the acid ;—
 macerate for half an hour; strain,  and add the
 sugar.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose,  f Jiss to  Oss.
   Infusum  Sarsaparil'la,  Infiueion of Sarea-
 parilla.  (Sarsaparill. contus. J j ; aqua bullient.
 Oj.  Digest for two hours in  a covered  vessel,
 and strain.—Ph. U. S.)  It may also be  i>rei«ired
 by displacement.   Dose, f Jij to f Jiv.
   INFUSUM SASS'AFRAS, /. Saeeafrae medulla., In-
 fuaion of Saaaafras Pith, Mtt'cilage of Sassafras
 Pith.   (ISaaeafrae  medtill. £j ; aqua (frigid.), Oj.
 Macerate for three hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
 An emollient collyrium, and a demulcent drink.
   Infusum Sen'ega, Infusum Polyg'ala, Infuaion
 of Seneka.  (Seneg. gx.; aq. bullient. (Imp. meas.).
 Infuse for four hours, and strain.—Ph. E.) Dose,
 f Jj t0 f^'U-
   Infusum  Senna,  I. S.  Compoe'itum,  I. Cassia
 Senna  s-'U  Senna simplex,  Infusion of Senna.
 (Senna, Jj : coriandr. cont. J5J >' a1- bullient. Oj.
 Macerate for an hour, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
 Dose, f Jj to f Jiv.
   The Black Draught, Black Dose, Black bottle,
 ITaustue niger, is usually formed of this infusion.
 It may be made of infue. senna, f J v ;  aq. cinnam.
 f Jj ;  manna, ^iv;  magnea. sulph. £vj.   Dose, a
 wineglassful.
    Selway'a  Prepared Eaaence of Senna is a con-
 centrated infusion of the leaves in combination
 with an alkali.
    Infusum Senna Compositum, I. sennae.
    Infusum Serpenta'ria, Infiueion of Virginia
  Snakeroot.  (Serpentar.  Jss;  aq. bullient.  Oj.
 Macerate for two  hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
 Dose, f Jiss.
    Infusum Simaru'ba,  Infiueion ofi Simaruba.
  (Simarub. cort. cont. 3iij ; 017. fervent.  Oj.  Ma-
 cerate for two hours, and strain.—Ph. E.)  Dose,
 f J.i f> f3y-
    Infu'sum  Spige'lia,  Infuaion  of  Pinkrooi.
  (Spigel. Jss; aq. bullient.  Oj.  Macerate for tyo
 hours, and strain. — Ph. 0.  S.)  Dose, fjir  to
 Oss.
    Infusum Tab'aci, Infiueion of Tobacco.   (Ta-
 baci fol. 3J » aq. fierv. Oj.  Macerate for an hour,
 and strain.—Ph.  U. S.) Half of this per anum in
 strangulated hernia.
    Infusum Tarax'aci, Infiueion of Dan'delion. 
INGA
499
INITIS
(Taraxac.  contus. Jij; aq. bullient. Oj.  Mace-
rate for two hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)  Dose,
f Jiss, as a diuretic, Ac.
   Infusum  Ulmi,  Infusion of  Slip'pery Elm,
Slippery  Elm Tea.   This preparation,  in  the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States, is made by
infusing one ounce of elippery elm bark in a pint
of boiling water.
   Infusum Valeria'na,  Infiueion of Vale'rian.
 (Rad. valerian, in crass, pulv. Jss; aq. bullient.
 Oj.  Macerate for an hour, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
 Dose, f Jiss to Jij.
   Infusum Zingib'eris, Infusion of Ginger, Gin-
 ger Tea.   (Zingib.  contus. Jss;  aq. bullient.  Oj.
 Macerate for two hours, and strain.—Ph. U. S.)
 Dose, f Jiss to f Jij, as a carminative.
   INGA.   A genus  of plants, Ord.  Legumi-
 nosae, belonging to  South America, mapy of  the
 species of which are  possessed of astringent pro-
 perties.  - Inga bark is used in  South America as
 a tonic  astringent in diarrhoea, gonorrhoea,  Ac
 An extract, prepared fro'm it, possesses all  the
 properties of rhatany.
   INGEN'IUM  (Morbi).   The  nature or genius
 of a disease, from in, and geno, for  gigno,  ' to
 generate.'  This word is employed,  especially by
 tbe French,  synonymously with nature.  They
 speak, for  instance,  of   GSnie inflammatoire,
 bilieux,  Ac.   Some, also, use gSnie in the place
 of type of an  intermittent.
   INGES'TA, from  in, and gerere, gestum,  'to
 bear or carry into.'   Substances, introduced  into
 the body by the digestive passages :  as food, con-
 diments, drinks,  Ac.
   INGLU'VLES, Aples'tia, Victue  intemperail-
 tia:—Gluttony, Insatiableness; also, the Crop or
 Craw or Gorge of Birds, (F.) Jabot; and the first
 stomach or paunch of  ruminant animals—Pen'ula,
 Rumen,   Venter  magnue,  (¥.)  Panee,  Herbier,
 Double.   Also, the Pharynx.
   INGRAS'SIAS,   APOPH'YSES   OR   The
' lesser alae of the sphenoid bone.
   IN GRAVIDATIO, Fecundation,  Pregnancy.
   INGRAVIDATION, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
   INGRESSUS  SUPERIOR, Cardia.
   INGUEN, Bubon, Bubo,  'the groin/ (Prov.)
 Lank, Laet,  Lisk,  Leak;  ASdoe'on,  He'patia
 emuncto'ria, (¥.) Aine.  The oblique  fold or de-
 pression  which separates the abdomen  from the
 thigh. It is  only, properly speaking,  a line  that
 extends from the anterior  and superior spinous
 process  of the ilium to the middle part of  the
 horizontal ramus of the pubis.  Also,  the genital
 organs.
   IN'GUINAL,  Inguina'lis, from inguen, ingui-
 nis,  'the groin.'  Belonging or relating  to  the
 groin. This epithet has  been  given to various
 parts met with in the region of the groin or in-
 guinal region.
   Inguinal Artery  is that portion of the femoral
 artery situate immediately  beneath  the crural
 arch in the inguinal  region.
   Inguinal  Canal is a canal, about  two inches
 in length, proceeding  obliquely downwards, in-
 wards and forwards  at the lower part of the  ab-
 domen ; through which passes the spermatic cord,
 in men, and the  round ligament of the uterus in
 women.  This canal  is formed, inferiorly and an-
 teriorly, by the aponeurosis of the greater oblique
 muscle;  posteriorly  by the fascia  transversalis,
 which is joined to the preceding aponeurosis,  and
 forms with it a deep  channel, into which are re-
 ceived the lesser oblique and transversalis mus-
 cles.  The inguinal canal has two apertures;  the
 one, the lower and inner, is called the  inguinal or
 abdominal ring.  It is bounded by two  strong
 tendinous pillars which fix it—the  innermost to
 the symphysis, the outermost to  tbe spine of the
 pubis. The upper and outer aperture is formed
by  the fascia transversalis.  From the edge of
this aperture arises  a membranous  funnel,—a
prolongation of the fascia transversalis,—which
receives the spermatic vessels; forms their proper
sheath, and accompanies them as far  as the tes-
ticle.  On  its inside lies the epigastric  artery
Above it, is  the lower edge  of the transversalii
muscle: and, below, it is bounded by the channel
of the greater oblique.  By following the oblique
direction of this canal, and passing, consequently,
on  the outside of the epigastric artery, the viscera
are displaced, so as to constitute internal inguinal
hernia.
   Inguinal  Re'gton, Re'gio inguina'lis, Bubo,
Inguen.  The region of the groin.
   Inguinal  Ring,  Abdom'inal Ring,  An'nulus
abdom'inis, (¥.) Anneau Inguinal,  is the inferior
aperture of the inguinal canal.
   IN'GUINO-CUTA'NEUS. A name  given by
Professor Chaussier to the middle ramus of the
anterior branch of the  first lumbar  nerve,  be-
cause it sends its numerous filaments to the groin,
scrotum, and to the skin of the  superior part of
the thigh.
   INH^RENS, Inherent.
   INHALATIO, Absorption, Inhalation—i. Cu-
tis, see Absorption.
   INHALA'TION,  Inhala'tio; from in, and ha-
lare, 'to breathe.'  The  act of drawing air or va-
pour into  the lungs — Inhala'tio pulmona'lis.
Also, absorption.
   INHA'LER.  Same etymon.  An   apparatus
for inhalation.  Mudge's Inhaler is an apparatus
for inhaling the steam of hot water, in affections
of the air-passages.  It  consists  of a  pewrer
tankard provided with a lid,  into which  aflexiblo
tube is  inserted.   Through this  the vapour is
inhaled.
   INHE'RENT, Inharens,  (in, and  hareo,  'I
stick.')  That which adheres, or which is joined
or united to  any thing.
   Inherent Cautery, (F.)  Cautlre inhSrent, is
the actual cautery, left in  contact with a part
until it is reduced to the state of a deep eschar.
   INHUMA'TION, Inhuma'tio, from  inhumo, in-
humatue, (in, and humus,) 'I  put into the ground.'
 The sepulture of the dead.   This belongs to the
 subject of medical police.  Also, digestion of
substances in earth  or dung.  See Arenatio.
   INIAD, see Inial.
   IN'IAL, from tviov, 'the nape of the neck.'
1 An epithet,  proposed by Dr. Barclay, for an as-
pect towards the plane  of the ridge of the occi-
 put.  Iniad is employed by him  adverbially to
 signify 'towards the inial aspect.'
   INIENCEPH'ALUS, (F.) IniencSphale, from
 tviov, 'occiput,' and tyKttpaXos, 'encephalon.'  A
monster whose encephalon is in  great part in the
 cranium,  and in part out of it, behind, and  a
little beneath the cranium,  which is  open in its
 occipital portion.—I. G. St. Hilaire.
   INIODYrMUS, Diprosopus.
   INION, iviov.  Some of the  Greek physicians
 give this name to the occiput, or the ridge of the
 occiput; others to the back part of the neck, and
 the muscles of the  occiput.  Blancard  says it is
 the commencement  of the spinal marrow.
   INIOPS, Iniope, from tviov, 'occiput,' and  ui^/,
 'the eye,  face'  A monster, double above  tho
umbilicus, which has two  ears very near  each
 other, or only one median ear, and above it, at a
greater or less distance, a median  orbit and eye,
more or less imperfect.  The rudimental face ap-
pearing to be directly opposite the principal face
suggested  the name.—I. G. St. Hilaire.
   INI'TIS,  Inohymeni'tie, from is, gen. tvos, ' a
fibre/ and itie, a suffix denoting inflammation.
Fibrous inflammation. 
INITIUM                 500            INNERVATION
  INITIUM, Arche—i. Asperae  arteries, Larynx
.—i. Extuberans Coli,  Caecum.
  INIUM, tviov.  The nucha. Also, the muscles
at the back of the neck.   See Inion.
  INJACULA'TIO, e(in, and jaculor, jaculatus,
'to shoot.')  A term employed by Van  Helmont
to designate an -acute pain of the stomach, with
rigidity and immobility of the body.
  INJECTED, Injec'tue, from injicere,  injectum,
(in, and jacere, 'to throw into.')  The  face and
other parts are said to be injected, when the accu-
mulation of blood in  the capillary vessels gives
them an evident.red  colour.  A subject or part
of a subject is also said to  be injected, when its
vessels have been filled,  by the anatomist, with
an appropriate composition.
  INJECTION, Injec'tio,  Eie'bole: same ety-
mon.  The act of introducing, by means of a sy-
ringe or other instrument, a liquid into a cavity
of the body.  The liquid injected is.also called an
injection.   Anatomists use injections — Injectio'-
nee anatom'ica — for  filling the cavities of ves-
sels, in order that they may be rendered more
apparent, and their dissection be facilitated. For
this purpose,  they employ  syringes of  different
dimensions, and  various materials.  The most
common injections are made of soot, wax, and
turpentine, coloured with lamp-black, verniillion,
Ac.   There are three  kinds chiefly used by ana-
tomists,— the coarse, the fine,  and the minute.
The following are formulae for each.

              Coarse Injection.

                     No.  1.
   Pure yellow wax, oz. xvj.
   Bleached rosin, oz.  viij.
   Turpentine varnish, by measure, oz. vj.

                     No.  2.
   Yellow rosin, lb. ij.
   Yellow wax, lb. j.
   Turpentine  varnish,  a sufficient  quantity  to
     make  the mixture flexible when cold.

                    No. 3.
   Tallow, lb. ij.
   White wax, oz. x.
   Common oil, oz. vj.
   F!?«i'ce turpentine, oz. iv.
Mix and  liquefy over a slow fire or  over boiling
   water.

To make any of these mixtures.
     Red — add verniillion, oz. iij.
     Yellow — King'e  yellow, oz. iiss.
     White—beet flake white, oz. vss.
                 {bestflake  white, oz.'iiiss.
                 fine blue smalt, oz. iiiss.
     Dark-blue — blue verditer, oz. xss.
     Black — lamp-black,  oz. j.
            (powdered verdigrie, oz. ivss.
     Green ■< beet flake white, oz. iss.
            [powdered gamboge, oz. j.
Pale-blue
li
               Fine  Injection.
  Brown epiirit varnish, oz. iv.
  White epirit varnieh, oz. iv.
  Turpentine varnish, oz. j.

To make this mixture,
    Red — add vermillion, oz. j.
    Yellow — King'e yellaw, oz. jj.
    White — beet flake white, oz. ij.
    Liffht-blne \fine °^ue 9ma^'i oz. iss.
      °        \ beet flake white, oz. j|.
    Dark-blue — blue verditer, oz.  iv.
    Black — lamp-black, oz. ss.
              Minute Injection.
  Take of traneparent eize, broken to pieces, o*
    Ieinglaee, oz. viij.
     Water, lb. iss.  Dissolve.

To make this mixture,
    Red—add vermillion, oz. v.
    Yellow — King'e yellow, oz. iv.
    White—beet flake white, oz.  v.
    Blue—fine  blue smalt, oz. viij.
           ( powdered verdigris, oz. iij.
    Green < best flake white, dr.  ij.
           [powdered gamboge, dr. j.
    Black — lamp-black, oz. j.

  Beautiful injections,  are made with ether as
the menstruum.

               Cold  Injection.

   White lead and red lead, each, oz. iv;  lineeed
    oil, enough  to form a thick paste when they
    are rubbed well together. Liquefy this paste
    with turpentine varnieh, oz. viij.
  The advantage of this mixture is, that the sub-
ject need not be heated.

  In  order to inject  the arteries, the injection
must  be forced  from  the great  trunks towards
their ultimate ramifications.  To inject the veins,
on the contrary, it is indispensable, on account of
their valves, to send the injection from the smaller
divisions towards the greater.  The lymphatics
are usually injected with  mercury.  The  practi-
tioner injects, by forcing with a syringe, liquids,
such as emollient, narcotic, stimulant, and other
decoctions or infusions, into different hollow or-
gans, as the rectum, vagina, nasal fossae, urethra,
tunica vaginalis, auditory canal, Ac, to fulfil va-
rious  therapeutical indications.
  The following injection  has been strongly re-
commeftded by Dr. Horner to preserve the  dead
body.

  Take of Liverpool, St. Ubee,
    or  Turk'e Ieland Salt,   oz. 36 avoird.
    Nitrate of potaaaa,       " 19
     Carbonate of Soda,       "   8
    Molasses (Sugar-house,)   "   4 by meas.
     Water,                 six pints.

  The saline constituents to be dissolved first of
all in boiling hot water; the molasses to be after-
wards stirred in  ; the starch to be mixed well with
half a pint of cold water, and then  to be stirred
in with the other articles.  As soon  as it begins
to boil, the whole mass swells up, when it  must
be removed from the  fire.   On the proper reduc-
tion of temperature it is fit for use.
  Injection, Matthews's, see Tinctura cantha-
ridis.
  Injectiones Anatomica, see Injection.
  INK, Atramentum.
  INKBERRY", Prinos glaber.
  IN-KNEED, Entogonyancon.
  IN'NATE, from  in, and maecor, natue, '  I am
born.'  Inborn.
  Innate Diseases, Morbi conna'ti  seu eongen'-
iti, (¥.) Maladiee innSee.  Diseases  with which
the infant is  born.  They are not always heredi-
tary, as hereditary diseases are not always innate.
  INNERLEITH'EN,  MINERAL  WATERS
OF.   These springs, situate near  the Tweed, and
supposed to be the scene of "St.  Ronan's Well,"
contain chlorides  of sodium and calcium, and
carbonate of  magnesia.
  INNERVATION,  Innerva'tio, from in,  'in/
and nervue, 'a nerve.'   By this term is meant__
the nervous influence, necessary for the mainten-
ance of life and the functions of the various or-
gans;—an influence of whose character and sourca 
INNOMINATUM            5
we are ignorant.  It ^eems to resemble the gal-
vanic or electric agencies.  See Nerves.
  INNOMINA'TUM, Anon'ymum, from in, 'ne-
gation/ and  no men, 'a name.'  (P.) Anonyme.
Having no name.
  Innomina'ta Arte'ria, Brachiocephalic ar-
tery,  Arte'ria anon'yma, Right Subclavian, (F.)
Artlre innominSe, Artere brachio-cSphalique (Ch.),
is the trunk common to the right primitive carotid
and to the subclavian.   It arises from the ante-
rior part of the arch of the aorta, ascends obliquely
to the right, along the trachea ; and after a course
of about an inch in length, divides into two trunks,
which go off  at right angles.  The one is exter-
nal— the right ettbclavian proper; the other eu-
perior — the primitive carotid, of  the same side.
  Innominata Cartilago, Cricoid.
  Innominata  Cav'itas.  A cavity of the  outer
ear, between the helix and anthelix.
  Innominatum Fora'men.  A foramen, near the
middle of the anterior surface of the pars petrosa
of the temporal bone, leading backwards for the
passage of the Vidian nerve, reflected  from the 2d
branch of the 5th to the portio dura of the 7th pair.
  Innominata Fossa,  see Fossa — i. Linea, see
Ilio-pectinea Linea.
  Innominati seu Anonymi  Nervi.  Some ana-
tomists have thus called the nerves  of the fifth
pair.
  Innominatum Os,  Oe Coxen'dicie seu Coxa seu
anon'ymum seu pelvie latera'le, (¥.) Oa innominS,
 Oa Coxal, Oe anonyme.  A very large, flat bone,
which forms the  anterior and  lateral  paries  of
the pelvis.  It is curved upon  itself in two op-
posite directions.   In the first  periods of life, it
is composed of three portions: — the ilium, iechi-
um, and pubie, which join each other in the ace-
tabulum.   It is articulated before with its fellow,
— behind with the  sacrum; and  laterally with
the femur.
  Innominata  Mino'ra Ossa, Leeaer  Ofea in-
nominata,  Oeeic'ula  innomina'ta.   Some  anato-
mists have given this name to the three cuneiform
bones of the  tarsus.
  Innominata  Ossicula,  Innominata  minora
ossa—i. Tunica Oculi, Sclerotic
 • Innominata Vena, of Vieussens. Vieussens
has given this name to two or three veins, which
arise  on the anterior surface and right margin of
the heart, and open into the  auricle  towards  its
right margin.  The  term Vena Innominata of
Meckel is given to the brachiocephalic veins,
which are generally included in the description
of the subclavian vein, and correspond  to the
arteria innominata,  being formed  by the union
of the internal jugular vein  and  the subclavian
properly so called, which correspond to the com-
mon carotid and subclavian arteries.
  INNOMINATUS, Anonymous.
  INNUTRITIO  OSSIUM, Rachitis.
  INOC'ULABLE.  Same etymon as the  next.
Capable of inoculation, or of being  communicated
by inoculation.
  INOCULA'TION, Inocula'tio, Inail'io, Ineil'io
variola'rum, from  inocttlare, (in, and ocnlue, 'an
eye,') ' to ingraft.'   Any operation by which
small-pox, for example, may be artificially com-
municated, by introducing the virus of the garti-
nular disease  into the  economy, by  means of a
ouncture or scratch made in the skin.  When the
Trord inoculation  is  used alone, it  usually means
 hat  for  the  small-pox,— Variola'tion.   See
Syphilization.
  Inoculation, Cowpox, Vaccination—i. Jenne-
 inn.  Vaccination.
  INOC'ULATOR, same etymon #  In'eitor. One
who practises inoculation.
  INODULAR TISSUE, see Tissue, modular.
  INODULE, Tissue,  modular.
1           INSCRIPTIONES
  INOHYLOMA, Tumour, fibrous.
  INOHYMENI'TIS : from ij, gen. tvos,' a fibre ?
'vpnv, ' a membrane/ and itie,  denoting inflam-
mation.  Inflamma'tio tela flbro'ea.  Inflamma-
tion of the fibrous tissue.
  INOMA, Tumour, fibrous*
  INONCTION, Inunction.
  INOPOLYPUS, see Polypus.
  INORGAN'IC, Inorgan'icue, Unor'ganizcd,
(¥.)  Inorganiqiie; from in,  'negation/ and or-
ganum, 'an organ.'  A  term applied to bodies
which  have no organs; — stfch as minerals.  At
the present day, naturalists  admit of but two
classes of bodies,— the organized and inorganic.
Parts of the body which, like the epidermis, are
devoid of blood-vessels and  nerves, have  been
called anorganic.
  INOSCLERO'MA, from «s, gen. tvos, ' a fibre,'
and  oxXnpwpa, 'induration.'   Induration  of the
fibrous tissue.
  INOSCULATIO,  Anastomosis.
  INOSIS, Hyperinosis.
  IN'OSITE, In'oeit, Muecle eugar; from jj, tvos,
'a fibre.'  An unfermentable sugar, found only in
the juice of the cardiac muscle.—Lehmann.
  INOSTEATO'MA, from is, tvos, 'a fibre/ and
steatoma.  A tumour of a mixed fibrous and  stea-
tomatous character.
  INQUIES, Inquietude.
  INQUIETATIO,  Inquietude.
  INQUI'ETUDE,  Inquietildo, In'quiee, Inquie-
ta'tio, Jactita'tio, from in, 'negation/ and quiea,
'rest.'  Agitation or trouble, caused by indispo-
sition.   Restlessness.
  INQUINAMENTUM, Miasm.
  INQUISITIO  MEDICO-LEGALIS, see  Me-
dico-legal.
  INSALIVA'TION, Inaaliva'tio, from in, and
eaMva.  The mixture of the food with the saliva,
and other secretions of the mouth.
  INSALU'BRIOUS, Inealu'brie, Noae'ros, No-
ao'dea.   That which is unhealthy,—which injures
the health.
  INSANABILIS, Incurable.
  INSANE, Inaa'nua; from in,  'negation/ and
saints,  'sound;'  Aliena'tus,  Crazy, Mad, Non-
sane, Demented,  Deranged, Bedlamite, (Sc.) Daft,
Wod, (¥.) AliSnS, Fou,  InaeneS.   One affected
with mental aberration, or of  unsound mind.
  INSANIA, Mania—i.  Cadiva, Epilepsy—i. Lu-
pina, Lycanthropia—i. Puerperarum, Mania, puer-
peral.
  INSANITAS, Insanity.
  INSAN'ITY,  Inaa'nia, Inean'itae.  Same ety-
mon.   Mental aliena'tion, Abaliena'tio  seu A/ie-
natio Mentia,  Arrep'tio,  Unaound Mind,  De
range'ment,  Deranged intellect, Cra'zinea8,  (Sc.)
Dnflin, Doffing,  Wodnea; ApKroa'yne,  Ecphro'-
nia,    Ecphroa'yne,   Parallage,   Parallax'is,
Delir'ia,  Veea'nioe,  Delirium (Crichton),  Inei-
pien'tia, (¥.) Folie,  Egarement d'Eeprit, Para-
phrSnie.   This term includes  all the varieties of
unsound  mind, — Mania, Melancholia, Moral In-
sanity, Dementia, and Idiocy.  A slight degreo
of insanity is  sometimes popularly called " a
kink in the head;"  in  Scotland, "a  bee in the
bonnet."
  Insanity, Homicidal, see  Homicidal—i. Inco.
herent, Dementia — i.   Moral,  Pa'thomania—i.
Puerperal, Mania, puerperal—i. Religious, Scbas-
tomania—i. Senile,  Delirium  senile—i. Suicidal,
see Suicide.
  INSANUS, Insane.
  INSCRIPTION, see Matriculate.
  INSCRIPTIO'NES TENDIN'E^B  MUSCII
LO'RUM,  Intersectio'nes seu  Enervatio'nes  ten
din'ea musculo'rum,  Interme'dia  ligamenta'lia seu
ner'vea.  The  tendinous portions which   crosa 
INSEMINATION            502             INSTINCTIVE
several muscles, and especially the straight mus-
cles of the abdomen.
  INSEMINATION, see Ejaculation.
  INSENESCENTIA, Agerasia.
  IN SENSE, Insan*.
  INSENSIBILITY,  Anaathe'eia,  Inaeneibili-
raa.  Loss or  absence  of sensibility.  It is very
common  in  cerebral affections, and may extend
to every  part, or  be  limited  to  one or more.
Some organs are much more sensible than others.
The bones, cartilages, ligaments, Ac, are  insen-
Bible in health, but acutely sensible in disease.
  INSEN'SIBLE, Senaibilita'te  carens.   That
which  is devoid of sensibility.  This word is ap-
plied, also, to  phenomena which cease to  be ap-
preciable  to the senses.  Thus, we say, the pulse
becomes ineeneible.
  INSER'TION,  Inser'tio,  Symph'ysie, Eno'sis,
from  inserere, ineertnm, (in, and eerereftf to join
or  knit,') 'to ingraft.'  (F.) Attache.  The at-
tachment of  one  part  to  another.  Insertions
occur  chiefly  on  bones,  cartilages, and fibrous
organs ; thus, we speak of tbe insertion of mus-
cular fibres into a tendon or aponeurosis; tbe in-
sertion of a tendon, aponeurosis, or ligament, into
a cartilage or  bone.  The word insertion has like-
wise been used by pathologists for tbe act of in-
oculating or introducing a virus into the body.
  INSES'SIO, from ineidere, ineeeeum, (in,  and
eedere,)  'to sit  in.'  This term  is, sometimes,
applied to a vapour bath, the person being seated
in  a perforated  chair, beneath which  a  vessel,
filled with hot water, or the hot decoction of some
plant, is placed.   See Semicupium.
   INSESSUS, Bath, half.
   INSTCIUM. Isicium.
   TNSIDEN'TIA, Epie'taeie.  Any thing which
swims on or  in—the urine, for example.   It  is
 opposed to the Hi/poa'taaia or eubeiden'tia.
   INSTPIENTIA, Insanity.
   INSITIO, Inoculation—i. Ciliorum, Blepharo-
 nlnstice— i. Dentis, Transplantatio  Dentis — i.
 Yariolarum, Inoculation.
   INSOLA'TION, Inaola'tio, from  in, and  enl,
  the  sun ;' Aprica'tio, Helio'eie, Hellaeia, Helio-
 10'a ia, Siri'aaia.  Exposure to the sun. Exposure
 of a patient to the rays of the sun is, sometimes,
 bad recourse  to, with the view  of rousing the
 vital forces when languishing, or of producing
 irritation of the  skin.   Insolation is occasionally
 used in the same  sense as coup de eoleil.
   In Pharmacy, insolation means  the drying of
 chemical and pharmaceutical substances.
   INSOLAZIONE  DE PRIMIVERA,  Pel-
 lagra.
   I N S 0 M ' N T A,  Inaom'nitae, Sahava,  Zaara,
 Pervigilium, Pernocta'tio, Ayp'nia, Agryp'nia,
 Ahyp'nia, Anyp'nia, Typhoma'nia, Sleep'Icaanese,
  Vig"ilanee, from  in,  'negation,' and eomnus,
 ' sleep,'' absence of sleep.'  This may exist alone,
 and constitute a true disease; or it  may be  con-
 nected with another affection.  It is an unequi-
 vocal sign of suffering in some organ; even when
 the patient experiences no pain.
   INSOMNIUM, Somniura.
   INSPECTIO   MEDICO-LEGALIS, see  Me-
 dico-le<ral.
   INSPIRA  TEUR, Inspiratory.
   INSPIRA'TION, Inepira'tio, Empneumato'sia,
 Eiap'noe, Adspira'tio, Aepira'tio,  from ?n,  ' in,'
 and epiro, 'I breathe.'  The action by which the
 rur penetrates into the interior of the lungs.  A
 movement opposed to that of expiration.   As re-
 gard* tbe average quantity of air received into
 thS lungs at each inspiration, there is much dis-
 crenaney amongst observers.  The following table
 sufficiently exhibits this: —
                                Cubic inches at
                               each inspiration.
  Reil........................................ 42 to 100
  Mcnzies,       1
  Sauvages,
  Hales,
  Haller,
  Ellis,           \...................... 40
  Sprengel,
  Sommering,
  Thomson,
  Bostock,
  Jurin...................................... 35 to 38
  Fontana.................................. 35
  Richerand............................... 30 to 40
  Dalton..................................... 30
  Jeffreys................................... 26
  Herbst..................................... 24 to 30
  Herholdt.................................. 20 to 29
  Jurine and Coathupe..................  20
  Allen  and Pepys.......................  16£
  J. Borelli.................................  15 to 40
  Goodwyn.................................  14
  Sir H. Davy............................  13 to 17
 . Abernethy and Mojon ...............  12
  Keutsch..................................   6 to 12
  Inspiration  of Venous  Blood.  By  this  ia
meant the aspiration of blood towards the heart,
occasioned  by  tbe  approach to a vacuum   pro-
duced by the dilatation of the thorax during in-
spiration.
  INSPIRATORY.  Same  etymon.  Inepira-
tio'ni inser'viene, (¥.) Inapirateur. A name given
to muscles, which, by their contraction, augment
the size  of the  chest, and thus produce  inspira-
tion.  The diaphragm and intercostal  muscles
are  the chief  agents of  inspiration.  In  cases
where deep inspirations are necessary, tbe action
of these  muscles  is  aided by the contraction of
the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, subcla
vius, serratus major  anticus, scaleni, serratus pos-
ticus superior,  Ac.   Most  of  these muscles be-
come inspiratory, by taking their fixed point  at
the  part which  they  ordinarily move, and ele-
vating the ribs.
  INSPIS'SANT, Inapia'aane.  Same etymon  as
the next.  Any remedial agent, that renders tna
blood thicker, directly, or indirectly.  The  oppo-
site to diluent.
  INSPISSA'TIO,  Pycno'eie, from in, and apia-
sare, spissatum, ' to  thicken.'  The act of render-
ing thick; as in the  formation of an extract —
Succue Inspisaa'tue.
  TNSTEP, Collum pedis, Neck-ofi-the-fioot, (F.)
Cottde-pied, Con-de-pied.  The projection at the
upper part of the foot, near its articulation with
the leg—the tarane.
  INSTILLATIO,  Instillation.
  INSTILLA'TION,  Enstalax'ie,  Instilla'tio,
from in, ' into,' and stilla, ' a drop.'  The act  of
pouring a liquid drop by drop.
  INSTINCT,  (L.) Instinc'tue, (in, and  etinguo,
stiitctum, 'to sting,') 'inwardly moved.'  Bru'tia,
Horme.   The action  of the living principle, when-
ever manifestly directing its  operations to tbe
health, preservation, or reproduction of  a living
frame  or any  part  of such  frame—Mali'men
natu'rw  ealuta'rium.   The law  of instinct  is,
consequently,  the  law  of the living  principle,
and  instinctive actions  are the actions of the
living principle.  Instinct is natural.  Reason  is
acquired.
  INSTINCTIVE, Inetinc'tue.  Same  etymon.
Relating to or  caused by instinct;  as  instinctive
actions.  See Epotional.  Those instinctive ac-
tions of animals which are owing to impressions
made on the sensory ganglia, exciting respondent
motor influences that are propagated  to the va-
rious muscles of the body, are termed coneen'euaL 
INSTITUTES  OF  MEDICINE   503             INTERCOSTAL
Consensual movements which accompany volun- |
tary efforts without our consciousness are termed
associated. (¥.) Aeeociie.
   INSTITUTES  OF MEDICINE, see  Theory
of medicine.
   INSTITUTUM  0RTH0P.EDICUM,  Ortho-
pedic institution.
   INSTRUMENT, Inetrumen'tum, Or'ganum. A
tool, an asrent.
   INSTKUMKNTA, Pudibilia.
   INSTRUMEN'TUM  CHIRUR'GICUM.  A
su-gical tool or instrument.
   Instrumentum  Digestionis.   The  digestive
apparatus.
   Instrumentum  Instrumentorum, Manus.
   INSUFFICIENCY, (F.)  Insuffisance;  from
in, and eujficient.   Inadequateness to any end or
purpose, — as  Insufficiency of the valves of the
heart,  (¥.) Inauffisance des valvules du Cicnr;—a
condition in which they are  not adapted,  as in
health, to properly close the apertures.
   INSUFFISANCE, Insufficiency.
   INSUFFISANCE DES  VALVULES  DU
 ClE'i'R, Insufficiency of  the valves of the heart.
   INSUFFLA'TION, Insuffla'tio, from in, spb,
and flare, 'to blow.'  The act of blowing  a gas
or vapour into some cavity of the body;  as  when
tobacco  smoke is injected into  the rectum ; or
when air is blown into the mouths of new-born
children to excite the respiratory functions.
   INSULA,  Insula cerebri.
   In'sula Cer'ebri,  Island or In'sula  of  Reil.
The intermediate lobe of the brain, Lobue inter-
me'diue cer'ebri.  A remarkable group of convolu-
tions within the fissure of Sylvius.  It is called,
by Cruveilhier, Lobule of the Fissure  of Sylvius,
Lobule of the corpus striatum.   The 'island' of
Reil, with the substantia  perforata,  forms the
base of the corpus striatum.
   Insula Sanguinis, see Blood.
   INSUL^E, Maculae albae —i. Pulmonales, see
Pulmo.
   INSULTUS, Attack, Paroxysm.
   INSURANCE OF LIFE, see  Life Insurance.
   INTEGRITAS, Sanitas, Virginity.
   INTEG'UMENT,  Integumen'tum,   Tegnmen'-
ttim,  TSg'umen,  Teg'imen, Tegmen, Invo/u'erum
seu  Velamen'tnm corp'orie  commu'ne;  Vela'men
seu  Velamentum  nati'vum, from  in, and tegere, j
tectum, 'to cover.'  (F.)  TSgument.  Any thing,
which  serves to cover, to envelop.  Tbe akin, in-
cluding the cuticle, rete mucosum, and cutis vera,
is the common integument or tegument of the body.
   INTEGUMEN'TA  FCETUS.  Membranes of
the foetus.
   INTEGUMENTUM,  Integument -- i.  Com-
mune,  Integument.
   IN'TELLECT,  Intellec'tua, Nona, Mens, Gnome,
Nooe, Niia, Noe'aia, Syn'eaia, from intelligere, in-
tellectitm,  (inter,   'between/  and  legere,  'to
choose;')  'to  understand/ 'conceive/  'know.'
(F.) Entendement, Intelligence.  The  aggregate
of the  intellectual facultiee — perception, forma-
tion of ideas,  memory, and judgment.
  Intellect.  Deranged, Insanity.
  INTELLIGENCE, Intellect.
  INTEM'PERANCE, Intemperan'tia ; Immode-
ran'tia, Immodera'tio, Acra'aia, Acola'eia, Ples'-
mone,  Amet'ria, Aplee'tia, from  tn, ' negation/
and temperare, 'to temper.'   Immoderate use of
food and drink, especially the latter ;—a fruitful
sofirce  of disease.
  INTEMPER'IES. Same etymon. Dyacra'aia.
Derangement  in the constitution of  the atmo-
sphere and of the seasons; bad constitution  ; de-
rangement or disorder in the humours  of the
body.
  INTENSTVUS, Entaticus.
  INTEN'TION, Ititen'tio, from in, and  tendere,
  ten8um seu  tenlum, 'to  stretch.'  Propos'itum.
  The  object which  one proposes.  In  surgery, a
  wound is said to heal by the first intention, Reil-
  nio per primam intentio'nem, when cicatrization
  occurs without suppuration ;  union by the second
  intention,  Rett'nio per  aecun'dam intentio'nem,
  being that which does  not occur until the surfaces
  have suppurated.  To obtain union by tbe first
  intention, the edges of a recent wound must  be
  brought in apposition and kept together by means
  of adhesive plasters and a proper bandage.  Del-
  pech  has substituted  for those expressions, RS-
  union primitive, and RSunion eecondaire.
    INTERANEA, Entrails.
    INTERARTIC'ULAR, Interarticula'rie; from
  inter, ' between/ and articulue,  ' a joint.'  Parts
  situate between the articulations are  so called;
  as interarticular  cartilages,  interarticular  liga-
  ments, Ac.
    INTERCA'DENCE,  Intercaden'tia,  Interci-
  den'tia, from inter, 'between,' and  cadere,  'to
  fall.'  Disorder  of the arterial pulsations, so that,
  every now  and  then, a supernumerary pulsation
  occurs.   The pulse, in such case, is  said to  be
  intercurrent.
    INTER'CALARY,  Intercala'ria, Inter'cidens,
  from  intercalate, ' to insert.'  Einbol'imos, Inter-
  pola'tue,  Provocato'ritts.  The day  which occur
  between  those  that are critical.  The term has,
  also, been applied to the days of apyrexia in  in-
  termittent fevers.
    INTERCELL'ULAR, InterceUnla'ris, (¥.)  In-
  tercellnlaire; from inter, ' between,' and cellula,
  ' a small  cell, a  cellule.'   That which is between
  cells or cellules.
    Intercellular Fluid, Liquor Sanguinis.
    Intercel'lular Passages.  A term given  by
  Mr.  Rainey to  irregular  passages through the
  substance of tbe lung, which form the termina-
  tions  of the bronchial  tubes, are  clustered with
  air-cells,  and not lined by mucous membrane.
    Intercellular Substance, see Cytoblastema.
    INTERCEP'TIO, from inter, 'between/ and
  capere, '  to  take.'  A  bandage, by the aid  of
  which the ancients proposed to arrest the pro-
  gress of  the material  cause  of gout  ami roeu-
  raatism;  and which  consisted  in  covering tha
  affected limbs  with carded   wool;  surrounding
  them, afterwards, with broad bandages, applied
  from the  fingers to the  axilla, or from the toes
  to the groin.
    Interceptio  Intestinorum, Ileus.
    INTERCERVICAUX, Interspinals colli.
    INTERCIDENS, Intercalary.
    INTERCIDENTIA. Interc'adence.
    INTERCILIUM, Mosopbryon.
    INTERCLAVIC'ULAR, Iiiterclavicula'rie,
  from inter, 'between,' and clavicula,  'a clavicle.'
  That which is placed between the clavicles.
    Interclavicular Lig'ament is a fibrous  bun-
  dle, placed  transversely above the extremity  of
  the sternum, between the heads  of the two clavi-
  cles.   This  ligament is flat.  Its fibres, which
  are always  longer above than  below, are sepa-
  rated by small apertures, which  are traversed  by
  vessels.   It prevents  the separation of the two
  clavicles in  the forced depression of the shoulder.
    INTERCOS'TAL,  Intercosta'lis, from inter,
  'between/ and costa, 'a rib.'  Meaopleu'rua, Me-
  aopleu'riua.   That which  is situate between the
  ribs.   (F.) Sona-coetal.
    Intercostal  Ar'teries vary in number. There
  is  constantly, however, a eupe'rior, Arte'ria, In-
  tercoata'lie eupe'rior seu Intereoata'lia  aubcla'viu,
  which is given off from the posterior part of the
  subclavian,  and which  sends branches into the
  first two or  three intercostal  spaces ;  and, gene-
I' rally, eight or nine inferior or aortic intercoetale.
!! These arise from the lateral and posterior partj 
INTERCOSTO-HUMERAL  NERVES   50 4
INTERMITTENT
 of the pectoral  aorta, and ascend obliquely in
 front of the vertebral column, to gain the inter-
 costal spaces, where they divide into a dorsal
 branch and an intercostal, properly so called.
   Intercostal Muscles are distinguished into
 internal, — inter-plSvrocostaux of Dumas, — and
 external.   The former are inserted into the inner
 lip, the latter into the outer lip of the edge of the
J ribs.  The fibres of the external iiitercoatala are
 directed obliquely downwards and forwards; and
 those of the internal downwards and backwards.
 Both  are  inspiratory or expiratory  muscles, ac-
 cording as they take their origin on the upper or
 lower rib.  Some small, fleshy fibres, seen occa-
 sionally at the inner surface of the "thorax, de-
 scending obliquely from one rib to another, have
 been called Infraco8talea.
   Intercostal Nerve, Trisplanchnic nerve.
   Intercostal Nerves,  Branches  souscostales
 (Ch.), Costal or Doraal nerves, proceed from the
 anterior branches  of the  dorsal nerves.  They
 are twelve in number, and are distributed espe-
 cially to  the muscles of the parietes of the chest
 and abdomen.
   Intercostal  Space, Interval'lum seu  Inter-
 etil'ium  intercoeta'le,  Meaopleu'rum, Meaopleil-
 rium, is the interval which separates one rib from
 that immediately above or below it.
   Intercostal Veins are distinguished like the
 arteries.   The right  euperior intercostal  vein is
 often wanting.  When  it exists, it opens  into the
 back part of the subclavian.  The  same  vein of
 the left side is very large.  It communicates with
 the demi-azygos, receives the left bronchial vein,
 anippens into the corresponding subclavian.  The
 right inferior intercostal veins open into the vena
 azy^os; and those of the left into the demiazygos.
   INTERCOS'TO-HU'MERAL  NERVES.   So
 called from their origin and distribution.  They
 are the cutaneous branches  of  the second  and
 third intercostal nerves.
   INTERCUR'RENT, Intercur'rene, from inter,
 ' between/ and currere, ' to run.'   Diseases are
 so called which supervene at different seasons of
 the year,  or which cannot be considered as be-
 longing to any particular season. — Sydenham.
 A disease  is likewise so termed which occurs in
 the course of  another disease, as Intercurrent
 Pneumonia.
   INTERCUTANEOUS, Subcutaneous.
   INTEROEN'TIUM, from inter, 'between/ and
 dens,  dentia,  'a tooth.'  The interval between
 teeth of the same order.—Linden.
   INTER DIG IT A IRE, Interdigital.
   INTERDIG"ITAL,  Interdigitcllia, (¥.) Inter-
 digitaire; from inter, 'between/ and digittie, 'a
 finger.'  That which relates  to  the spaces be-
 tween the fingers.  Interdigital epace, (¥.)  Es-
 pace interdigitaire, is used, also, for the commis-
 sure between the finders.
   INTERDIGIT"IUM. Same etymon as the last.
 A corn or  wart, which grows between the fingers
 and toes,  especially between the latter.—Pliny.
   INTEREPINEUX CERVICAUX, Interspi-
 nales colli.
   INTERFEMINEUM. Perinaeum, Vulva.
   INTERFINIUM NARIUM, Septum narium.
   INTERFCEMIN'EUM, (inter, ' between,'and
 femen, femiitie, the  inner  part of the  thigh,)
 Perinaeum, Vulva.
   INTERFORAMINEUM, Perinaeum.
   IN T E R G AN GLION'IC, Interganglion'icua,
 from inter, 'between/ and ganglion, 'a knot.' An
 epithet for nervous cords, placed between gan-
 glia, which they connect together.
   INTERITUS, Death.
   INTERLO'B AK,Interloba'rie,(¥.)Iiterlobaire,
from inter, 'between,' and lobiie,  'a lobe.'  That
which is between lobes,—as of the lungs.
I    INTERLOBULAR, Interlobulu'ria, from inter,
|  'between,' and  lobnlna,  'a small  lobe.'   That
  which is between lobules,—as of the lungs.
    Interlobular  Fissures.   The  intervals  be-
  tween the lobules of the  liver.   The narrower
  spaces are called Fiaau'ra interlobula'ree,the wider
  epa'tia inter'lobula'ree.—Kblliker.   See Liver.
    Interlobular Plexus of the Biliary Ducts.
  See Liver.
    Interlobular  Spaces.  The  angular  inter-
  stices  formed in the  liver  by the apposition of
  several lobules.
    Interlobular Tissue,  Textum interlobula''re,
  Ligamen'ta interlobula'ria pulmo'num.   The cel-
  lular tissue between the pulmonary lobules.
    Interlobular Veins, see Liver.
    INTERMAXILLARY,  Intermaxilla'ria, from
  inter,  ' between/ and maxilla, ' a jaw.'   That
  which is situate  between  the maxillary  bones.
    Intermaxillary Bone,  Inclaive, Palatine, or
  Labial bone, is a bony portion, wedged in between
  the two superior maxillary  bones, which supports
  the  upper incisors.  This  bone is  found  in  th«
  mammalia; and, also, in the human foetus.
    INTERMEDE, Excipient.
    INTERMEDIA LIGAMENTALIA seu NER-
  VEA, Inscriptiones tendineae musculorum.
    INTERMEDIATE DE  WRISBERU, Por-
  tio Wrisbergii.
    INTERMEDIATE  VASCULAR  SYSTEM,
  Capillary system.
    INTERMENT, PREMATURE, Zoothapsis.
    INTERMISSION,  Intermia'aio,  Dialdp'aie,
  Dialip'aie, Tempue intercedilre, Interval'lum, from
  inter, ' between/ and  mittere, miasunt, 'to  put or
  send.'  (F.)  Intermittence.   The  interval  which
  occurs between two paroxysms of an intermittent
  or other  disease—during which the patient .is al-
I  most in  his  natural state.  There  is said  to be
  infermiaaion of the pulse, when, in  a given  num-
  ber of pulsations, one or more may be wanting.
    INTERMITTENCE,  Intermission.
    INTERMIT'TENT, Intermit'tena.  Same ety-
  mon.  That which has intermissions.
    Intermittent Fever, Febris intermiltens, Di-
  aleip'yra,  Intermittens,  An'etua,  Pyretotypo'eie,
  Ague,  Ague and  Fever, Fever and Ague, Pallidal
  or  Pcriod'ic  Fever,  (Prov.)  Agah,  Cold-chill,
  Shaking, Shakee, (Old Eng.) Akeie, Auggere, Axea,
  (¥.) Filvre intermittente, F. d'Accla, F. dee mn-
  raia, F. PSriodique, is a fever consisting of  pa-
  roxysms, with -a  complete state of apyrexia in  the
  intervals.  The  chief types  are  the Quotidian,
  Tertian,  and Quartan.  The symptoms of inter-
  mittents are  those  of a decided and completely
  marked cold etage: (¥.) Stade de froid, attended
  with paleness ; collapse; impaired sensibility; and
  coldness, more or less diffused, followed by  gene-
  ral rigors.  After this occurs the hot stage; Stade
  de  la  Chaleur, the  heat  returning  partially and
  irregularly, and at length  becoming universal,
  and much  above the standard of  health.  The
  pulse  is  now  hard and  strong;  tongue white;
  urine  high-coloured;  thirst  considerable.   At
  length, the sweating etage,  (¥.) Stade de Snenr,
  makes its appearance; the moisture usually  be-
  ginning on the forehead, face, and neck, and soon
  extending universally ; the heat abating ;  thirst
  ceasing; the urine throwing  down  a  sediment,
  and the  functions  being gradually restored to
  their wonted state.  The tertian type is the mVst
  common, and the quartan the most  severe.  The
;  quotidian more  readily changes into a remittent
i  and continued fever.  The quartan has, generally,
j  the longest cold  stage, the tertian the longest hot,
  The chief exciting cause  is  marsh miasmata.
  Ague,  also, occura in districts where there are no
'  marshy emanations.  Such districts are,  gene- 
INTERMUSCULAR          505           INTERSCAPULAR
rally, of a volcanic nature; further we know not.
When the disease has once attacked an individual,
it is apt to recur.  The prognoaia is, in general,
favourable, as far as regards life; but long pro-
tracted  intermittents are apt to induce  visceral
obstructions, and engorgements, which may end
in dropsy.   In some  countries, the disease  is of
a very pernicious character.  The  indications of
treatment are, 1. To abate the violence of the
paroxysm;  and, 2. To prevent its  return.  The
first indication demands the adoption of the gene-
ral principles and remedies required in ordinary
fever.   The  eecond is the most important. ■ The
period of apyrexia is that for action. The means
for fulfilling this indication are: — the  use of
emetics, purgatives, cinchona, quinia, Ac.,'arsenic,
and forcible impressions made on the mind of the
patient.
   INTERMUSCULAR, Interimtaenia'rie,  from
inter, ' between,' and muaculua, ' a muscle.'  That
which is placed between muscles.
   Intermuscular  Aponeuroses  are  aponeu-
   ttic  laminae or septa, situate  between muscles,
   which they often give attachment.
   INTER'NAL, Inner, Intex'mie.  That which is
placed  on  the inside.  This epithet is given  to
parts that  look towards an imaginary  central
plane, which divides the body into two equal and
symmetrical portions, as well as to those which
correspond with a cavity.  Thus, we say—the in-
ternal or inner eurface of the arm or thigh, skull,
Ac
   Internal Diseases, Morbi inter'ni, are those
which occupy the inner parts of the body.  Their
investigation belongs to the physician ;  external
diseases falling under the management of the
surgeon.
   INTERNA T. The post or office of an interne.
   INTERNE, see House-Surgeon.
   INTERNODIA DIGITORUM MANUS,  Pha-
langes  of the fingers — i. Digitorum pedis,  Pha-
langes of the toes.
   INTERNO'DIUM, from inter, 'between,' and
nodus, 'a knot.'   The part of the fingers  between
the joints.   A phalanx.
   INTERN UN'CIAL, Interniincia'lia,from inter,
'between,' and nunciue, 'a messenger.'  Relating
or belonging to a messenger between parties.  A
term applied by Mr. Hunter to  the functions of
the nervous svstera.
   INTERN UNTII DIES, Critical days.
   INTERNUS AURIS, Tensor tympani—i. Mal-
lei, Tensor tympani.
   INTEROSSEOUS, Interoe'eeue.  That which
is situate  between the bones; from  inter, 'be-
tween,' and oe, 'a bone.'
   Interosseous Ar'teries of  the  Forearm
and Hand.   Of these there are  several.  The
common interoeaeou8 artery arises from the poste-
rior part of the ulnar, a little below the  bicipital
tuberosity of the radius; passes backwards and
divides into  two branches: the one called  ante-
rior interoeeeoit8 descends vertically, anterior to
the interosseous ligament; the other, called poa-
terior interoaaeoua, passes  above  the ligament,
appears at its posterior part and divides  into two
great branches, — the poaterior recurrent radial
and the poaterior interoaaeoua, properly so called.
In the hand,—1. The doraal metacarpal interoe-
eeoue arteriee are given off by the doisalie carpi,
a  division of the radial artery.  2. The palmar
interoaaeoua arteriea,  which arise  from the con-
vexity of the deep palmar arch, and give off the
middle interoeaeoue arteriea.  3. The doraal inter-
oeeeone  of the index,  proceeding directly from the
radial artery.  In the foot, are distinguished : —
1. The  doraal interoeeeoue arteriee, three  in num-
ber,  which arise from the artery of the metatar-
sus, a branch of the dorsalis tarsi. 2. Thejplantar
j  interoaaeoua arteriea,  which  are, also,  three  in
i  number, and arise from the plantar  arch.
I    Interosseous Lig'aments.  Ligaments seated
!  between certain bones, which  they unite;  such
II  are the ligaments  between the radius and ulna,
  and between the tibia and fibula.
    Interosseous  Muscles.   These  occupy the
  spaces between the bones of  the metacarpus and
  metatarsus; and, consequently, belong,—some to
  the hand, others to the foot.
    Interosseous Nerve is a  branch, given off by
  the median nerve, which descends before tbe in-
  terosseous ligament, accompanying the artery of
  the same name.
    Interosseous Veins have the same arrange-
  ment as the arteries.  .
    Interosseus Manus, (F.)  Mttacle interossenx
  de la  main. — MStacarpo-phalangien-latSral aim-
  palmaire et  mStacarpo-phalangien  latSral, (Ch.)
  These muscles are seven in number; two  for each
  of the three middle fingers, and one for the  little
  finger.   Four are situate on the back of the hand,
  and three only in the palm.  They are  inserted
  into the metacarpal bones, and send a tendon to
  the tendon of the extensor communis.   Accord-
  ing to their office, they are, to each  finger, an ad-
  ductor and an abductor.  The indix has  a dorsal
  abductor and a palmar one.  The  middle finger
  has two dorsal muscles  for adductor and abduc-
  tor; the ring finger has a dorsal  adductor and a
  palmar abductor; and  the little finger has  only
  one interosseous  abductor,  which  is  palmar.
  These muscles produce abduction and adduction
  of the fingers, which  they can also extend, owing
  to their connexion with the extensor tendons.
    Interos'seus  Pedis,  MStatareo-phalangien-
  latSral, (Ch.)  The number,  arrangement, shape,
  and uses of these are the same as in the case of
  the  preceding muscles.  Four are dorsal, and
  three plantar: six belong to the three middle toes
  and one to the little toe.  The great toe is devoid
  of them.  As in the hand, they are distinguished,
  in each toe, into abductor and adductor.
    Interosseus Secundus, Prior medii digiti—i.
  Quartus, Prior annularis.
    INTEROSSEUX  DE LA MAIN, Interosseus
  manfls.
    INTERPARIETAL  BONE,  Oe  Interparie-
  ta'le.  A bone found in the skulls of the children
  of the  Peruvian  races.  It lies in  the  situation
  of the  upper angle of the occipital bone, where
  the parietal bones separate from each other; and
  is the analogue of the interparietal bone of ru-
  minants and carnivora.—Tschudi.
    INTERPEDUNCULAR,  Interpeduncula'rie;
  from inter,' between,' and peduncidi,' peduncles.'
  A term, applied to that which is  placed between
  the peduncles of the encephalon,—as Interpedun-
  cular  epace; a lozenge-shaped interval,  behind
  the diverging peduncles or crura of  the cerebrum,
  in which are found the posterior perforated space,
  corpora albicantia, tuber cinereum, or infundi-
  bulum, and pituitary  body.
    INTERPELLA'TUS, (Morbus,) from interpel-
  lo, (inter, and pello,)  'I interrupt.'  A term, by
  which Paracelsus designated those diseases whose
  progress is unequal, and paroxysms irregular.
    INTERPLEVRO-COSTA UX,  Intercostal
  muscles.
    INTERPOLATUS, Intercalary.
    INTERRUPTIO MENSTRUATIONIS, Ame-
  norrhoea.
    INTERSCAP'ULAR, Interecapula'rie, (inter,
  and ecapula.)  That which is between the shoul-
  ders ; as the interecapular region.  Tbe interscap-
  ular cavitiee, Cavita'tee interecapula'ree, aro tho
  depressions between the scapulae and the spinous
  processes of the vertebrae. 
INTERSCAPULIUM         5U6              INTESTINE
  IN T E R S C A P U' LIU M.  The spine of the
scapula.
  INTERSECTIO, Decussation, Intersection.
  INTERSECTION, Intersec'tio, Diac'ope, from ;
inter, 'between,' and seco, eectiun, 'to  cut.'  The I
point where  two lines meet and cut each other, j
The  name aponeurolic intereection is given  to I
fibrous bands, which  certain muscles  present  in
their length,  and by which  they seem inter-
rupted. Aponeurotic intersections  are found  in
the recti muscles of the  abdomen :  in  the semi-
membranosus, complexus, sterno-thyroideus, Ac.
  INTERSECTIONES TENDINE.E  MUSCU-
LO RUM, Inscriptiones tendineae musculorum.
  INTERSEPIMENTUM  THORACIS,  Medi-
astinum.
  INTERSEPTA HORIZONTALLY PACCHI-
ONI, Tentorium.
  INTERSEP'TUM, from inter, 'between/ and
septum, 'a partition.'  Cion, kiwv.  The uvula;
also, the septum narium.  The diaphragm.
  Interseptum Narium, Septum narium—i. Vir-
ginale, Hymen.
  INTERSPINAL,  Interapina'lie, from inter,
'between,' and epina, 'the spine.'   That which is
seated  between the spinous processes.
  Interspinal Lig'ament, Membra'na interepi-
ita'lis,  (¥.) Ligament. interSpineux.  These occupy
the intervals between the spinous processes in the
back and loins.   In  the  neck, they are replaced
by the muscles of the same name.  They prevent
the too great flexion of the spine, and keep  the
spinous processes in situ.  The  outermost thick-
ened portions of these are, sometimes,  termed
Ligametlta a'picum.
  INTERSPINA'LES  COLLT, Spina'lee Colli
mino'ree, Spina'ti,  (¥.)  InterSpineux-cervicaux,
Iiitercerincaax, (Ch.)   These are twelve in num-
ber,  and occupy, in two parallel rows, the inter-
vals  between the spinous processes of the cervical
vertebrae,  from  that  of  the atlas and vertebra
dentata, to that between the last cervical and first
dorsal  vertebra.  They are flat, thin, and quad-
rilateral.  These muscles contribute to the exten-
sion  of the neck and to throwing the head back-
wards.
  Interspivales  Dorsi  et Lumbo'rum;  por-
tions of the  Traneoereaire-Spinenx of Boyer, and
the eacro-epinal of Chaussier.  These muscles are
of two kinds.  The  one (Mttecle grand  Spineux
du doe, of Winslow) representing fleshy  bundles
of different lengths, applied upon the lateral sur-
faces of the  spinous processes, from the third
dorsal  vertebra to the second lumbar.   The other
(Muscle petit  Spineux du doe, Winslow)  covered
by tbe preceding.   They are situate on each side
of the  interspinal ligament, in the form of small,
short flat bundles, which pass from one  spinous
process to the second, third or fourth above it.
These  muscles aid in  extending the vertebral co-
lumn ;  and  incline  it a little to one  side, when
they act on  one side only.
   INTERSTICE, Interstil'i'ttm, Arao'ma,  from
inter, 'between,' and eto, 'I stand.'  Diaete'ma,
Interval'lum.  Anatomists have given this name
to the  intervals between organs.  Tbe iliac crest,
crista  ilii, for example, has two lipe and an in-
terstice between them, which affords attachment
to the  lesser oblique muscle of the abdomen.
   Interstice, Pore.
   INTER>TIT"IAL, Interatitia'lia,  same  ety-
mon.  Applied to that which occurs in the inter-
stices of an  organ,—as  'interstitial absorption/
* iuterstitial  pregnancy,' Ac.
  INTERSTITIUM, Interstice — i. Ciliare, Cili-
ary ligament—i. Intercostale, Intercostal space—
i. Jugulare,  Throat.
  INTERTINCTU3, Discreet.
   INTER TRACHELIENS,  Intertransversales
 colli.
   INTER TRANS VERSAIRES   DES
 LOMRES. Intertrnnsversales lumborum.
   INTERTRANSVERSA'LIS. Intertraneveraa'-
 riua.  That  which is placed between the trans-
 verse processes of the vertebrae.
   Intertransversales  Colli. (F.)  Intertrans-
 vereairee cervicattx, IntertrachSlieue, (Ch.l  Theso
 are small,  muscular bundles; quadrilateral;  thin
 and flat;  situate, in pairs, in the intervals be-
 tween the transverse processes of the neck, ex-
 cept between the first and second, where there is
 only one.  They are distinguished into anterior
 and posterior.   The former  are six  in number;
 the  latter  five.   These muscles bring the trans-
 verse processes of the  neck- nearer  each other,
 and contribute to the lateral  flexion of the neck.
   Intertransversales Lumbo'rum, Musculi in-
 tertransversi lumbo'rum,  (¥.) Intertransversairee
 dee lombee.  These are almost entirely fleshy, and
 ten in number; five on each side.  They are si-
 milar to the preceding  in general  arrangement
 except that they are more marked, and not placeu
 in two rows.  Each intertransverse space contains
 only one.  They are quadrilateral, and flat.  The
 first occupies the space between  the transverse
 processes of the  first lumbar and  the last dorsal
 vertebrae;  and the  last is between  that  of the
 fourth and fifth  lumbar  vertebrae.   These mus-
 cles incline  tho  lumbar  region   laterally;  and
 straighten it when inclined to one side.
   INTERTRIGO, Chafing—i.  Podicis, Chafing.
   INTERVAL, LUCID,  see Lucid.
   INTERVALLUM, Intermission, Interstice—i.
 Intercostale, Intercostal space.
   INTERVENIUM, Mesophlebium.
   INTERVERTEBRAL, Intervertebra'lie,  (in-
 ter, and vertebra.)  That which  is situate between
 the vertebrae.
   Intervertebral  Car'tilages,   Fibro-carti-
 lagee or diace, Ligamen'ta  intervertebra'lia, Fibro-
 cartilaej"inee intervertebra'lee.  These organs are
 of a fibro-cartilaginous  nature;   sections of a
 cylinder;  flexible; whitish; resisting: and situ-
 ate between the  bodies of the vertebrae, — from
 the  space between  the second and third as far  as
 that between the last vertebra and  sacrum. Their
 form is  accommodated to that of the  vertebra
 with which they  are in connexion ; so'that, in the
 neck and loins, they are oval, whilst in the dorsal
 region they are nearly circular.
   Intervertebral Discs, Intervertebral carti-
 lages— i.  Fibro-cartilages, Intervertebral carti-
 lages.
   INTESTABILIS, CastratuH.
   INTESTATUS, Castratus.
   INTESTIN, Intestine.
   INTES'TINAL,  Inteetina'lie,  Enter'icne, En-
 teric,(¥.) EntSriqite, from intue, 'within.'  That
 which  belongs to the  intestines, —  as inteetinal
 canal, Ac   Bordeu uses the  term Poule inteetinal
 for a pulse, which he conceived to announce  an
 approaching crisis by the intestines.
   Intestinal Juice, Succus entericus.
   Intestinal  Tube or Tract,  Cana'lie seu Trac-
 tue  inteetino'rum.  The  canal  formed by the in-
 testines from the pyloric orifice of the stomach to
 the anus.
   INTES'TINE, Inteati'num,  En'teron,  Chorda,
 Gut, Nedyia (pi.), Pan'ticee (pi.), Boel'li (pi.),.
 Bowel, (¥.) Inteetin, Boyan.   Same  etymon.  A
 musculo-membranous canal, variously convoluted,
 which extends from the stomach to the anus, and
 is situate in the abdominal cavity;  the  greater
 part of  which  it fills.  In man, its length is six
 or eight times that of the body.  It is divided
 \into two principal portions,  called email intestine
I and large intestine.   The  former,  Inteati'num 
INTESTINORUM  L.EVITAS    507                  INULA
ten ite, I. grac'ile, (¥.) Inteatin grele, constituting |
nearly four-fifths of the whole length, begins at
the stomach  and terminates in the right iliac
region.  It is divided into duodenum, jejunum and
ileum.  Some anatomists give the name email in-
teetine to  the last two only ;  which are kept in
place by the  mesentery, and form a large paqttet,
occupying the umbilical and hypogastric regions,
a part of  the  flanks, of the iliac regions,  and of
the cavity of the pelvis.   It is composed of, 1. A
serous membrane, which  is peritoneal.  2. Of a
muscular  coat,  whose  fibres are very pale, and
are  placed,  in  part,  longitudinally;  but  the
greater part  transversely.   3. Of a whitish, mu-
cous  membrane;  villous,  and forming folds or
valves—valvula conniccntes—at its  inner surface,
and  furnished  with a number of mucous  fol-
licles, called  glands of Lieberkiihn, (Crypte or
Folliclee  of Lieberkiihn,)  and in the duodenum
with  the  glands of Brunner.  The  arteries  of
the small intestine  proceed  from  the superior
mesenteric;  its veins open into the vena porta.
Its nerves proceed from the  superior mesenteric
plexus.  The large intestine, Inteati'num crctssum,
Megnlocce'lia, (¥.) Groe inteatin, forms a sequence
to the small.  It is much  shorter, and  is  solidly
attached in the  regions of the abdomen which it
occupies.   It begins in the right iliac region; as-
cends along the right flank, till beneath the liver,
when it crosses  the upper part  of the abdomen,
descends into the left iliac fossa, and plunges into
the pelvic cavity, to gain  the anus.  The great
intestine is usually divided into  three portions,—
the cacum, colon and rectum.  It receives its ar-
teries from the superior and inferior mesenteries.
Its veins  open into the vena porta.  Its  nerves
are furnished  by the  mesenteric plexuses.  Its
lymphatic vessels, which are much less numerous
than  those of the small intestine,  pass into the
ganglions or glands seated between  the different
reflections of the peritoneum, which fix it to the
abdominal parietes.  The use of the intestines
is,—in the upper part, to  effect  the chylification
of the food and the absorption of the chyle;—in
the lower, to serve as a reservoir, where the ex-
crementitious portion of the food collects; and,
also,  as an excretory duct, which effects  its ex-
pulsion.
• INTESTINORUM LiEVITAS, Lientery.
  INTESTINULA CEREBRI, Convolutions
(cerehral)—i. Meibomii, Meibomius, glands of.
  INTESTINULUM,  Funiculus umbilicalis.
  INTESTINUM  CELLULATUM, Colon—i.
Circumvolutum,  Ileon — i. Crassum, Colon, see
Intestine  — i. Gracile,  see Intestine — i. Grande,
Colon — i. Laxum, Colon  — i. Majus, Colon—i.
Medium,  Mesentery—i. Plenum, Colon—i. Rec-
tum.  Rectum—i. Tenue, see Intestine.
  INTIMUM  UNGUIS,  Nail, root of the.
  INTONATIO  INTESTINALIS,  Borboryg-
mus.
  INTORSIO, Distortion.
  INTOXICATIO,  Poisoning —i.  Arsenicalis,
Arsenicismus—i. Opiaca, Meconismus—i. Satur-
nina. Saturnismus.
  INTOXICATION. Poisoning, Temulentia—i.
Antimoniale,  Stibialism — i.  dea  Maraia,  see
Miasm.
  INTOXICA TION SA TURNINE.  Lead poi-
soning;  saturnine  cachexy.   The  aggregate of
symptoms which present themselves prior to an
attack  of lead colic—Tanquerel des Planches.
  INTRALINGUAL  SALIVARY  GLANDS,
gee Salivary glands.
  INTRALOBULAR, Intralobula'rie ; from in-
tra, 'within,' and lohulue,  'a lobule.'   Relating1
to the  space within a lobuie :—as the "intralobu-
lar veine," vena seu ven'ula intralobula'ree  seu
eeutra'les, of tbe liver: — veins which  communi-
 cate with the interlobular veins, and are the ra-
 dicles of the hepatic veins.          _,
   INTRA-PELVIO TROCHANTERIEN, Ob-
 turator internus.
   INTRA-U'TERINE, Intraiiterlnue; from in-
 tra,  'within/  and  ufern*,  'the womb'   That
 which takes place within the womb — as 'intra-
 uterine life'
   INTRICATURA, Decussation.
   INTRINSIC, Intrin'aecua; from intra, 'with-
 in,' and  secus, "towards.'  Applied to the internal
 muscles of certain  organs; as those of the ear,
 tongue,  and  larynx.  Linnaeus  gave  the name
 Intrin'seci to internal diseases.
   LNTROiTUS PELVIS, see Pelvis—i. Vaginae,
 Rima vulvae.
   INTROMISSION, Intromie'aio; from intro,
 'within/ and mitto, misaum,  'I  send.'   The act
 of introducing  one  body into another,  as Intro-
 missio Penie, (¥.) Intromiaaion de la Verge.
   INTROSUSCEPTIO, Intussusceptio — i. En-
 tropium, Entropion.
   INTUBUM,  Ciehorium  endivia—i. Erraticum,
 Ciehorium intybus.
   INTUMES'CENCE, Intumeacen'tia,  Onco'eie,
 Dionco'ei8, from intumeaeere, (in, and tumeacere,
 'to swell.')  Augmentation of size in a part or in
 the whole of the body.  Sauvages  uses the word
 Intumeacen'tia  for an order of diseases, in which
 he  comprehends  polysarcia, pneumatosis,  ana-
 sarca, oedema, physconia, and pregnane}'.
   INTUMESCENTIA GANGLlFORMIS, Gan-
 glion of Gasser, see  Facial nerve—i. Lactea Mam-
 marum, Sparganosis — i. Lienis, Splenoncus — i.
 Semilunaris, Ganglion of Gasser.
   INTUS INVERSUS, Transposition of the vis-
 cera.
   INTUSSUSCEP'TIO. from intue, 'within,' and
 euecipio, susceptttm,' I receive.' Introauacep'tio. In
 physiology: — the mode of increase peculiar to
 organized bodies.   In pathology, like Convol'vu-
 lue,  Volvulus seu Suscep'tio  seu Paristtgo'ge in-
 testino'rum,  Chordap'sus, Enteroparisago'ge, In-
 digita'tio, Tormen'turn, and luvagina'tio, it means
 the introduction of one part of the intestinal canal
 — intussuacep'tum — into another,  which  serves
 it as a sort of vagina or sheath.  Generally, it is
 the upper part of the small intestine, which is re-
 ceived into the lower—intuaeuecip'iene—when the
 intussusception is  said  to be progrea'sire.  At
 times, however, it is ret'rograde.  As the disease
 cannot  be positively detected by the symptoms,
 it must  be  treated  upon  general principles.  At
 times, the invaginated portion has  separated and
 been voided per anum, — the patient recovering.
 The disease  is, however, of a  very  dangerous
 character.
   INTUSSUSCEPTUM, see Intussusceptio.
   INTl'SSUSCIPIENS, see Intussusceptio.
   INTY'BUM,  Ciehorium endivia.
   INTYBUS HORTENSIS, Ciehorium endivia.
   INULA, see Inula helenium — i. BritanniCa,
 I. dysenterica—i. Common,  I. helenium—i. Co-
 nyzaea,  I. dysenterica.
   In'ul v  Dysenter'ica.   The systematic name
 of the Lesser Inula, I. Britan'nica  seu Conyza'a,
 Aster dyaent.er'icus  seu undula'tus,  Pulica'ria
 dyeenter'ica,  Cony'za, C. media, Ar'nica Suedeil-
 8i8 seu  8pu'ria, Cunila mus'cttla seu me'dia, Cu-
 nila'go, (Prov.) Mare's fat,  (¥.) AttnSe antidys-
 entSrique, Herbe de  Saint Roch.  Nat. Ord. Com-
 positae.   This plant was once considered to pos-
 sess great antidysenteric  virtues.  The  whole
 plant is acrid and somewhat aromatic.
   Inula Helen'ium.  Tbe systematic name of
 the Elecampane, En'ula, E. campa'na, Elen'ium,
 Necta'rium, Helenium, Aster helen'ium seu  offici-
I na'lia, Corviaar'tia helen'ium, Common Inula, (¥.)
i AunSe  ou  AunSe  officinale.  The root  In'ula 
INUNCTIO               508                  IONIA
(Ph. U. S.) was formerly in high esteem in  dys-
pepsia,  cachexia, pulmonary affections, Ac.  It
is now scarcely used.
   Inula, Lesser, Inula dysenterica — i. Squar-
rosa, Conyza squarrosa.
   INUNCTIO, Inunction, Liniment.
   INUNCTION, Inunc'tio, Perunc'tio, Illil'io,
Rli'tue, nit'iiil'io, Oblinil'io, Chrisie,  Catach'ri-
als, Diach'riais, Epich'risis, Unctio, from inun-
yere,  inunctum,  (in, and   ungere,  uncttim,) ' to
anoint.'   The  act  of rubbing irf  an  ointment
or a liniment, unction,  (¥.) Onction,  Inonction.
Inunction of  the whole body with a piece of
bacon, lard, or with oil, has been recommended
in scarlatina, measles, and in scrofulous or tuber-
culous cachexia.
   INUNDATIO, Depuration.
   INUSTIO, Cauterization, Cauterium.
   INUSTORIUM, Cauterium.
   INVAG"INATED, Iimagina'tue, from in, and
vagina, 'a sheath.'.   Applied to a part which is
received into another, as into a sheath.
   The invaginated or slit and tail bandage is one
in which strips or tails pass through appropriate
slits or button-holes.
   INVAGINATIO, Intussusceptio.
   INVAGINATION,  Invagina'tio.  Intussus-
ceptio.  Also,  an operation, which consists in in-
troducing one  end of a divided  intestine into the
other, with the view of  restoring the  continuity
of the intestinal canal.
   The  name Invagination is, likewise, given  to
an operation for the radical cure of crural hernia,
which  consists  in  introducing into the crural
canal a thick tent of charpie, the effect of which
is, by compression and adhesive inflammation, to
obliterate the neck of the hernial sac.—Nysten.
   INVALETUDO,  Infirmity.
   INVALID,  Valetudinary.
   INVALIDING, (F.)  RSforme.  The  removal
from the army of a soldier, who has become,  from
infirmity, unfit for service.
   INVALIDUS, Valetudinary.
   INVASIO, Arche, Attack, Paroxysm.
   INVERMINATION,  Helminthiasis.
   INVERSIO PALPEBRARUM, Entropion—i.
Uteri, Hysteroptosis, Uterus, inversion of the.
   INVERSION DE LA  MATRICE, Uterus,
inversion of the—i. du Lambeau, see Flap.
  INVERTENTIA, Absorbents, Antacids.
   INVESTITURA   FUNICULI  UMBILICA-
LIS, see Funiculis umbilicalis.
  INVETERATUS, Chronic.
   INVISCANTIA,  Incrassantia.
  INVISCA'TIO OC'ULI, from in, and viecum,
'bird lime.'  A morbid adhesion of the eyelids to
each other,  or to the globe of the eye.  Also,
gluing together of the eyelids  by a  viscid secre-
tion.
   INVOLU'CRUM, Involumen'tum,  from invol-
vere, (in, and volvere, volutum.) 'to  fold in.'  A
covering: hence Involu'cra cer'ebri,  the mem-
branes of the  brain.  Involu'cra nervo'rum, the
sheaths of the nerves.
   Involucrum Cordis, Pericardium—i. Corporis
commune, Integument—i. Linguae, see  Tongue—
i. Membranaceum, Decidua reflexa—i. Nervorum,
Neurilemma—i. Reti comparatum, Retina.
  INVOLUMENTUM, Involucrum.
   INVOLVENTIA, Demulcents.
  IODE, Iodine.
 ' IODES, ^Eruginous.
  IODETUM HYDRARGYRICUM, Hydrargyri
iodidum rubrum.
  10DHYDRARGYRITE DE CHLORURE
MERCUREUX, Mercury, iodide of  chloride of.
  IOD'IC, Iod'icu8, (¥.)  Iodique.  Same etymon
as Iodine.   Containing iodine.
  IODIDUM  HYDRARGYRI  CHLORIDI,
Mercury, iodide cf chloride of—i. Hydrargyricum,
Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum—i. llydrargyrosum,
Hydrargyri iodidum.
  I'ODINE, Io'dina,Io'dinum (Ph. U. S., 1842),
lodin'ium  (Ph. U. S., 1851),  Iodin'eum, Io'dum,
lo'dium, Io'nium, Io'num, (¥.) lode;  from iwins,
viola'ceue,  'of a violet colour/ so called from the
violet vapour it exhales when volatilized.  It is
contained in  the  mother waters  of certain fuei,
and is obtained by pom ing an excess of concen-
trated  sulphuric acid  on the water obtained by
burning different fuci, lixiviating the ashes and
concentrating the liquor.  The mixture is placed
in a retort  to which a  receiver is attached, and is
boiled.  The iodine passes over and is condensed.
It is solid,  in  tbe form of plates;  of a bluish gray
colour, of a metallic brightness, and smell similar
to that of  the chloride  of sulphur.  Its s. g. is
4.946.   When heated, it becomes volatilized, and
affords the  vapour which characterizes it.   With
oxygen it  forms Iodic acid, and with hydrogen
Hydriodic  acid.   The tincture of iodine and the
iodides have been employed with great success in
the treatment of  goitre and  of some scrofulous
affections.  It must be  administered in a very
small dose  and for a long period.   It is said to be
apt/however, to induce cholera morbus,  signs of
great nervous irritability, lodome'the,  (¥.) Ivreese
iodique, and emaciation  of  the mammae.   When
these symptoms, collectively termed I'odiem, lo-
do'ais,  and lodin'ia,  (¥.) Cachexie iodSe, are
urgent,  the dose may be diminished, or it may be
wholly discontinued, and a/terwards resumed.
  Various preparations of iodine are employed in
medicine.
  IODINED, Iodized.
  I'ODIZED, I'odined; Iodiea'tue. Impregnated,
or affected  with, iodine, or its preparations.
  IODINIA,  see Iodine.
  IODINIUM, Iodine.
  IODINUM, Iodine.
  IODIQUE, Iodic.
  IODISM, see Iodine.
  IODIUM, Iodine.
  I'ODOFORM, lodofior'mum, (¥.) lodofoime, Io-
dure de fiormyle ;  so called from its analogy to
chloroform. It is obtained by the reaction on
each other of iodine, bicarbonate of potassa, water,
and alcohol.  It is in crystalline plates, of a beau-
tiful citrine colour; and may be given  in the same
cases as the other preparations of iodine.  Dose,
one grain,  three times a day.  It is the sesqui-io-
dide of carbon.  See Carbonis sesqui-iodidum.
  IODOGNOSIE, Iodognosis.
  IODOGNOSIS, (F.) lodognoeie; from iodine,
and yvwots, 'knowledge.' A knowledge of iodine
in its various relations.—Dorvault.
  IODOHYDRARGYRATE  OF POTASSIUM,
see Iodine.
  IODOMETHE, see Iodine.
  IODOPE'G^E, from iodum, 'iodine,' and xnyn>
'a spring.'  Mineral waters containing iodine.
  IODOPHTHISIE,  from iodine,  and tpttois,
'phthisis.'  Loss of flesh and strength produced
by iodine.
  IODOSIS, see Iodine.
  IODUM, Iodine.
  IODURE  DE  FORMYLE,  Iodoform— i.
de Mercure, Hydrargyri iodidum — i. de Plumb,
Plumbi iodidum—i. Plombique, Plumbi iodidum
— i. de Potassium, Potassae  hydriodas — /. de
Quinine, Quiniae hydriodas — i. de Soufire, Sul-
phuris iodidum—t. de Zinc, Zinci iodidum.
  IODURETUM  AMMONITE,  see Iodine — i.
Amyli, see  Iodine — i. Hydrargyrosum, Hydrar-
gyri iodidum—i. Sulphuris, see Iodine.
  IODYMUS, Dicephalus.
  ION,  Viola.
  IONIA, Teucrium chamaepitys. 
IONIDIUM MARCUCCI       5.0 9                    IRIS
  IONID'IUM MARCUCCI, Cinchuiuhulli — a ]
St.uth  American  plant.   Sex. Syat. Pentandria
Monogynia;  Nat. Ord. Violariae; said to  be ex-
tremely efficacious in the Mal de San Lazaro, of
Colombia.
  IONIUM,  Iodine.
  IONTA, see Excretion.
  ION'THUS,  Varna, Violet Eruption, from tov,
' the violet/ and avdos, ' a flower,' or ovdos, ' foul-
ness' [?].   An unsuppurative, tubucular tumour;
stationary; chiefly on the face.   A genus in the
class Hamatica, order Phlogotica of Good.
  Ionthus Corymbifer, Gutta rosea — i. Varus,
Acne.
  IONUM, Iodine.
  IOTACIS'MUS,  from the Greek letter Iota.
Defective articulation, — the  patient not being
able to pronounce the palatals j and g soft.
  IPECAC,  Apocynum androsaemifolium,  Eu-
phorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata, Ipecacuan-
ha, Triosteum—i. American, Apocynum androsae-
mifolium—i.  Wild, Euphorbia ipecacuanha.
  IPECACUAN'HA. In common parlance,often
abridged to  Ipecac, and  in Ireland to  Hippo.
Thepharmacopceial name of the root of  Cephae'-
lie  seu  Callicoc'ca  ipecacuan'ha, Ipecacuan'ha,
Cagosanga, Hypoucau'na, Hippoucan'na, (¥.) IpS-
cacuanlia annelS.   Nat. Ord. Cinchonaceae.  It is
also obtained from the Peycho'tria emet'ica of
Peru.  The odour of the root, Ipecacuan'ha root,
Ipecacuan'ha radix, Radix  Brazilieileie, — Ipe-
cacuanha (Ph. U. S.), (F.) Racine BrSeilienne ou
de BrSeil),—is faint  and peculiar; taste  bitter,
subacrid, and mucilaginous; both water and alco-
hol extract its virtues, which depend on a pecu-
liar  principle, called  Emtt'ia.   It is emetic  in
large doses;  sudorific in smaller.  Dose, as an
emetic, gr. xx to xxx,—alone, or united with gr.
i. to ij of tartarized antimony.
  Ipecacuanha,  Euphorbia corollata, Pedilan-
thus tithymaloides — i. AnnelS, Ipecacuanha — i.
Bastard, Asclepias curassavica, Triosteum  perfo-
liatum— t. Blanc de  I'He de France, Tylophora
asthmatica—«. Blanc de St.  Domingue, Asclepias
curassavica — i. of the Isle of France, Tylophora
asthmatica.
  Ipecacuan'ha, White, is obtained from diffe-
rent species of Richardeonia and lonidium.  Vi-
ola ipecacuan'ha seu Solea ipecacuan'ha seu Pom-
ba'lea ipecacuan'ha also affords it.  It is weaker
than the gray.
  IPO,  Upas.
  IP0MO3A  BATATOIDES, see Convolvulus ja-
lapa—i. Jalapa, Convolvulus jalapa — i. Maeror-
rhiza, Convolvulus jalapa — i. Mestitlanica, see
Convolvulus jalapa — i. Nil, Convolvulus nil—-i.
Operculata, see Batata de purga—i. Orizabensis,
bee  Convolvulus jalapa — i. Purga, see Convol-
vulus jalapa — i.  Schiedeana, see  Convolvulus
jalapa.
  IRA, Rage.
  IRACUNDUS, Rectus externus oculi.
  IRAL'GIA;  Ireal'gia,  Iridalgia, from  tpts,
'the iris,' and aXyos, 'pain.'   Pain in the iris.
  IRASCIBLE, Rectus externus oculi.
  IREALGIA, Iralgia.
  IREONCION, Iriancistron.
  I'RIAN, Iria'nue, (¥.) Irien.  Belonging to the
iris.                                 ,    , .
  IRIANCIS'TRON, Iridancist'ron, Ireon'cion,
from tpis, and ayKiorpov, 'a hook.'   A hooked in-
strument, used by Schlagintweit in the formation
of an artificial pupil.
  IRIDJE'A  EDU'LTS.  One of tbe Algae, eaten
in  Scotland and the Southwest of England.
  IRIDALGIA, Iralgia.
  IRIDANCISTRON, Iriancistron.
  IRIDAUXESIS, from Irie, iridisfand avfrets,
'augmentation;' Staphylo'ma  rridie, S.  Uvea, ,
Iridonco'de, Lymph-ilcue I'ridis.   Exudation i»f
fibrin into the tissue of the iris.
  IRIDECTOMEDIALYSIS, see Coretomia,
  IRIDECTOMIA, see Coretomia.
  IRIDENCLEISIS,  see Coretomia.
  IRIDENCLEISM US, see Coretomia.
  IRIDERE'MIA, from  Irie, iridie, and tpnpos,
'deprived of;'  Iridoatere'eie.   Absence of  iris,
either apparent or real.
  IRIDITIS, Iritis.
  IRIDOCELE, Ptosis iridis.
  IRIDOCOLOBOMA, Coloboma iridis.
  IRIDODIALYSIS, Coretomia.
  IRIDODONESIS,  from  Irie,  and iovtw, 'I
shake.'   Tremulousness of the Iris.  See Hippus.
  IRIDOMALA'CIA, from Irie, iridie, and paXa-
Kta, 'softness.' Mollescence or softening of the iris.
  IRIDOMELANO'MA,  Iridomdano'eie,  from
Iris, and ptXavtiv, ' to  colour black.' The depo-
sition of black matter  on the tissue of the iris.
  IRIDONCOSIS, Iridon'cue',  Ironco'aia, Hype-
roneo'aia Iridia, from Ida, and oyeos, ' a swelling.'
Tumefaction or thickening of the iris.  Also Iri-
dauxesis.
  IRIDONCUS, Iridoncosis.
  IR ID OPERIPHACI'TIS, Iridoperiphakltie,
from Iria, irtpi, 'around/ and phacitis, inflamma-
tion of  the lens.   Inflammation of the  anterior
hemisphere of the capsule  of the lens.
  IRIDOPLANIA. Hippus.
  IRIDOPTOSIS, Ptosis iridis.
  IRIDOR'RHAGAS, Iridorrho'ge, Iridot rhox,
Iridoachie'ma, Fia8u'ra I'ridia, from Iria,  and
payas, 'a fissure.'  Fissure of the  iris.   See Co-
loboma.
  IRIDORRHOGE. Iridorrhngas.
  IRIDORRIIOX, Iridorrhagas.
  -IRIDOSCHISMA,  Coloboma  Iridis,  Iridor-
rhagas.
  IRIDOSTERESIS, Irideremia.
  IRIDOTENCLEISIS, Coretomia.
  IRIDOTOMEDIALYSIS, see Coretomia.
  IRIDOTOMIA, see Coretomia.
  IRIDOTROMUS, Hippus.
  IRIEN, Irian.
  IRIS, (gen. I'ridia)  Gramme.  So called from its
resembling the rainbow in  a variety of colours.
A membrane, stretched vertically at the  anterior
part of the eye, in  the midst of the aqueous hu-
mour, in which it  forms a  kind of circular, flat
partition, separating the anterior from the poste-
rior chamber.  It  is  perforated  by a  circular
opening called the pupil, which  is constantly va-
rying its dimensions,  owing to  the varying con-
tractions of the fibres of the iris.  Its posterior
surface  has  been  called  uvea,  from the thick,
black varnish which covers it.  The pigmentary
stratum, on its free surface, appears to be bounded
by a delicate, but sharply defined, line, which
has been described as  a special membane—Mem-
bra'na pigmen'ti seu lim'itaus seu linlitans Paci-
ni seu Jaco'bi Arnold.  The greater circumference
of the iris is adherent  to the ciliary processes and
circle.   It has an external plane of radiated fibres
and an internal one of circular fibres, which serve
— the one  to dilate, the other to  contract the
aperture of the pupil.  The iris receives the irian
nerves.   Its arteries are  furnished by  the  long
ciliary arteries, which form  two circles by their
anastomoses; the one  very broad, near the great
circumference;  the other,  smaller, and seated^
around the circumference of the pupil. The veins
of the iris empty themselves into the Vaea vorti-
coea, and into the long ciliary veins.  The use of
the  iris seems to be,—to regulate by its dilatation
or contraction, the quantity of luminous  rays
necessary for distinct  vision. The different co-
lours of the iris occasion the variety in the colours
of the human eye. 
IRIS  PUANT             51
  Iris, see Herpes Iris—i. Common, I. Germa-
nica — t. Commun, I. Germanica — i. de Florence,
I.  Florentina.
  Iris Florenti'na, Florentine iria or orrie, (¥.)
Iris de Florence.  Order, Iridaceae.  The rhizoma
of this plant is extremely acrid in its recent state;
and, when chewed, excites a pungent heat in the
mouth, that continues for several hours.   When
dried, the acrimony is lost, or nearly so, and the
smell is  very agreeable.  It is  indebted to its
agreeable flavour for its retention in the pharma-
copoeias, although it is ranked as an expectorant.
The orria root, of the shops is said to consist of the
rhizomes of three species—/. Florentina, I. pal-
lida, and /. Germanica.                    •
   Iris FcsTinis'siMA, I. foe'tida,  Spath'ula foe'ti-
da, Xyris, Stinking irie, (¥.) Iria puant, Glayeul
puant.   The root has been esteemed antispasmo-
dic and narcotic.
   Iris Gehman'ica.  The systematic name of the
Flower-de-Luce, Iris noatraa seu  vulga'ris, Aier'-
ea, Common  irie  or orris,  Gl.adlol.ua caru'lette,
(¥.) Iris commun, Flambe.  The  fresh roots have
a disagreeable, smell, and an acrid, nauseous taste.
They are powerfully cathartic, and  are  given  in
dropsies, where such remedies are indicated.
   Iris Hkxagona, I. versicolor.
   Iris Lacus'tris, Dwarf'-flag. Dwarf lake-irie;
has the properties of I. versicolor.
   Iris,  Lake, Dwarf, I. lacustris — i. Lutea, I.
pseudacorus — i. dee Marais, I. pseudacorus — i.
Nostras, I.Germanica—i.Palustris, I. pseudacorus.
   Iris  Pseudac'orus.  The systematic name of
the Yellow water-flag, Irie palua'tria seu lu'tea,
 Glitdlolu8 In'tens, Ac'orue vulga'rie seu adnltefi-
nite seu  palua'tria, Pseudno'orua, Bu'tomon, (¥.)
Iris des nutraie. Faux acore, Flambe bdtard, Acore
bdtard.   The root has an acrid,  stypic taste. -It
is an errhine, sialogogue, and acrid  astringent.
The expressed juice is  diuretic, and said to be a
useful application to serpiginous and other cuta-
neous affections.  Rubbed on the gums, or chewed,
it is said to cure toothache.
   IRIS PUANT, I. foetidissima — i. Stinking,
I. foetidissima.
   Iris Versic'olor, /. hexago'na, Blue flag.  The
rhizoma of this  is  an  aetive cathartic, and has
been much used, as such,  by the American In-
dians.   It is reputed to be diuretic.
   Iris Virgin'ica, Slender Blue flag ;  and Iris
verna, are said  to have virtues  like those of I.
versicolor.
   Iris Vulgaris, I. Germanica.
   IRISITIS, Iritis.
   IRI'TIS, Inflammation of the irie, Inflamma'tio
 Pridis, Irialtie,  Iridltia, from Irie, and  itia, de-
noting inflammation, Ureltie of some.  The chief
symptoms are;—change in the colour of the iris;
fibres less movable ; tooth-like processes shooting
into the pupil; pupil irregularly  contracted, with
the ordinary signs  of  inflammation of the eye.
 If the inflammation does not yield, suppuration
takes place ; and although the matter may be ab-
sorbed, the iris  remains immovable.  It is often
caused by syphilis.  The general principles  of
treatment are, to deplete largely and exhibit mer-
cury freely;  along with attention to other means
advisable in  ophthalmia.  The free use of quinia
is sometimes serviceable.  When the inflamma-
tion is seated in the serous covering of the iris, it
is termed Iritia eero'sa.
   IRON, Ferrum — i. Acetate of, Ferri acetas —
i.  and Alumina, sulphate  of, Ferri  et aluminis
sulphas — i.  Ammoniated, Ferrum ammoniatum
—i. Ammonio-citrate of, Ferri ammonio-citras__
i.  Ammonio-chloride of, Ferrum  ammoniatum —
i.  Ainmonio-tartrate of, Ferri ammonio-tartras__
I. and Ammonia, citrate of,  Ferri ammonio-citras
-  i. and  Quinia, Hydriodate of, see Iodine.
0            IRRITABILITY
  Iron Bark, see Kino.
  Iron, Bromide of, see Bromine — i. Carbo-
nate  of, saccharine, Ferri  proto-carbonas—1.
Carburet of, Graphites — i. Black  oxide of, Oxy-
dum ferri nigrum—i. Chloride of, Ferri chloridum
—i. Citrate of, Ferri  citras—i. Citrate of the mag-
netic  oxide of, see Ferri ammonio-citras—i. Fer-
rocyanuret of, Prussian  blue — i. Ferroprussiate
of, Prussian blue—i. Filings, purified, Ferri lima-
tura  purificata—i.  Hydrated  oxide of, Ferrum
oxydatum  hydratum—i. Hydrated  peroxide of,
Ferrum oxydatum hydratum —i. Hydrated trit-
oxide of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum—i. Hydri-
odate of, Ferri iodidum—i. Hydrobromate of, see
Bromine—i. Hydro-oxide of, Ferrum  axydiituin
hydratum — i.  Iodide   of,  see  Iodine,  and
Ferri iodidum — i. Ioduret of, Ferri iodidum — i.
Lactate of, Ferri lactas—i. Liquor, Ferri acetas—
i. and Magnesia,  citrate of, Ferri et  Magnesiae
citras—i. Magnetic  Oxide of,  Oxydum Ferri ni-
grum—i. Muriate of, Ferri chloridum—i. Nitrate
of, solution of,  see  Tinctura  Ferri  muriatis — i.
Perchloride of,  Ferri chloridum—i. Peroxide of,
Ferri subcarbonas—i. Phosphate  of, Ferri  phos-
phas— i. Pills  of, compound,  Pilulae ferri com-
positae—i. Potassio-citrate of, see Ferri ammonio-
citras—i. Protooarbonate of, Ferri protocarbonas
—i. Protoxide of, lactate of Ferri  lactas.
  Iron Pyrites, Ferri sulphuretum.
  Iron, Quevenne's, Ferri pulvis.
  Iron and Quinia, citrate of, Ferri  et Quiniae
citras — i. and Quinia,  hydriodate of, see Quinia,
iodide of iodhydrate of.
  Iron Reduced, Ferri Pulvis.
  Iron, Sesquichloride of, Ferri  chloridum —
i. Sesquinitrate  of, Solution of, see {Tinctura ferri
muriatis—i. Sesquioxide of, Ferri subcarbonas—i.
Sodio-citrate of, see Ferri ammonio-citras—i. Sul-
phate of, Ferri sulphas—i.  Sulphuret of, Ferri
sulphuretum—i. Tannate of, Ferri tan nas—i. Tar-
tarized,  Ferrum tartarizatum — i. Ternitrate  of,
solution of, see Tinctura ferri  muriatis—i.  Trito-
hydro-ferrocyanate of, Prussian blue.
  Iron and Potass, Tartrate of,  Ferrum tartari-
zatum.
  Iron, Valerianate  of, Ferri valerianas.
  Iron Weeil Vernonia Noveboracensis.
  IRONCOSIB, Iridoncosis.
  IRRADIA'TION, Ir radio'Ho'(ir  and radius).
Shooting or proceeding from a  centre — as  an
' irradiating pain.'
  IRREDU'CIBLE, (F.) IrrSductible. An epi-
thet  given  to  fractures, luxations, heruiae, Ac,
when they cannot be reduced.
   IRREDUCTIBLE,  Irreducible.
  IRREG'ULAR, Irregula'rie, Anom.'alone; from
ir,  negation, and regttla, 'a ruie.'  A term chiefly
applied  to the  types of a  disease;  and also, to
the pulse when its beats  are .separated by unequal
intervals.
   Irreg'ular  Practit"ioner.   One  who does
not practise his  profession  according to  rules
sanctioned by law or custom.
  IRREMEDIABLE, Incurable.
  IRREPTIO,  Attack.
  IRRIGA'TION, Irrigiltio,  Embroca'tio, Irro-
ra'tio : ' the act of watering or moistening,' from
in, and rigo, 'I water.'  The  methodical applica-
tion of water to an affected part,  to keep it con-
stantly wet.
  IRRITABILITAS, Irritability—i. nalleriana,
Irritability—i. Morbosa, see Subsultus tendinum
—i. Vesicae, Cysterethismus.
  IRRITABIL'ITY, Irritabil'itae,  from   trriVo,
(in,  ' negation,'and ritite, ' the usual manner,') 'I
provoke.'  Vie irritabilita'tis,  V.  Vita, V. in'eita
of Haller,  V. vita'Ue of Gortcr,  Oacilla'tio  of
Boerhaave, Tonic power of  Stahl, Vita pro'pria
Irritabil'itae  Hulleria'na,  Inherent  power,  Oon- 
IRRITABLE              511             ISCHIOCELE
tractil'ity, Excitability, Ac.   (F.) IrritabilitS, I.
HallSrienne.   A power, possessed by all living,
organized bodies of being acted upon by certain
stimuli, and of moving responsive to stimulation.
It is the ultimate vital property.
   IR'RITABLE, Irritab'ilis.  That which is  en-
dowed with irritability.  Every living organized
tissue is irritable; that is, capable of feeling an
appropriate stimulus, and of moving responsive to
such stimulus. Irritable is often used in the same
sense as impreeaible, as when we speak of an irri-
table person,  or habit, or temper.   This last con-
dition  has been  variously  termed — Debilitas
nervo'sa, D.  Erethis'ica, Hypercine'sia nervo'sa,
Neuraathenla, Neuroethcnla, Sensibilitae anonl-
ala, S. Morbo'ea, S. aucta.
   IRRITAMEN, Irritant, Stimulus.
   IRRITAMENTUM, Erethism,  Irritant,  Sti-
 mulus—i. Metallicum, Galvanism.
   IR'RITANT, Irrltane,  Iryita'men, Irritamen-
 tnm.  Same  etymon.  Tha/'which  causes irrita-
 tion or pain, beat and tension; either mechani-
 cally, as puncture, acupuncture, or scarification;
 chemically, as  the alkalies  and  acids;  or in a
 specific manner, as cantharides.
   Irritants are of great use in the treatment of
 disease.
   IRRITATING POISON, see Poison.
   IRRITATIO. Erethism, Gargale,  Irritation.
   IRRITA'TION, Irrita'tio, Erethie'mua.  Same
 etymon.  The state of a tissue or organ, in which
 there  is excess of vital  movement; commonly
 manifested by increase of  the circulation  and
 sensibility.   Broussais defines irritation to  be ;—
 the condition of an organ,  the excitation of which
 is carried to so high a  degree, that the equilibrium
 resulting from the balance of all the functions is
 broken.  In  this signification, he  also uses the
 word  eurirritution, which  he considered   as a
 higher degree, and as  the essential cause  of fever.
 Irritation  is the precursor of inflammation.
   Irrita'tion, Morbid, Conatitu'tional irritation,
 irritative fever. Pseudo-fever, is that excitement
 which occurs after injuries done to  the body, or
 to any part thereof; —constituting cases of die-
 eased sympathy.
   IRRITATIVE FEVER,  Irritation, morbid.
   IRRORATIO, Irrigation.
   IS,  Fibre.
   ISADELPII'IA, from toos, 'equal/ andaitXipos,
 'brother.'  A double  monstrosity, in which both
 bodies are equally and perfectly developed, and
 possessed of  independent vital organs; and which
 are united by parts of little significance.—Gurlt.
   ISA'TIS  TINCTO'RIA,  Wood, Paetel.    Ord.
  Capparidaceae.  A European plant, whose  leaves
 have  a fugitive pungent  smell,  and  an  acrid
 durable taste. They are not used, however,  in
 medicine at  the present day, but are the  source
 of  the dye-stuff, woad.
   ISCA, Boletus igniarius.
   ISCHJE'MIA, from «r^w, 'I retain,' and 'aipa,
 'blood.'  Morbid retention  or suppression of an
 habitual flux of blood, as of the hemorrhoidal or
 menstrual flux or of epistaxis.  See Haematosta-
 tica.
   ISf'H.F/MON, lecha'mum.   Same etymon.  A
 medir-ine  which restrains  or stops bleeding.
   IS'CHESIS, from toxtiv,' to retain.'  Suppres-
 sion or retention of a discharge or secretion.
   IS'CUIA, MINERAL WATERS OF.  In this
 volcanic  isle,  five  miles  from Naples,  there are
 several thermal waters, one of which—that of Gur-
 gitello—raises the thermometer of  Fahr. to 167°.
   ISCHIACUS, Isehiatic.
   ISOHIADELPHUS, Isehiopages.
   ISCHIADICUS  MORBUS, Neuralgia femoro-
 poplitaea—i.  Nervus,  Sciatic nerve.
   ISCHIADOCELE, Ischiocele.
  ISCn'IAGRA, Is'chiae, lachalgia, from .o-\tov>
'the haunch,' and  ay/ia,  'a seizure.'   A  name
given to isehiatic gout.  Femoro-popliteal neu-
ralgia has, also, been so called.
  IS'CHIAL, Ischia'lis.  Relating or  belonging
to the ischion.
  ISCHIALGIA, Ischiagra, Neuralgia  femor-i-
poplitaea.
  ISCHIAS, Ischiagra—i. Nervosa Antica, Nui.
ralgia fenioro-praetibialis — i.  Nctvosa  Cotunnii,
Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaea—i. Nervosa digitalis.
Neuralgia  cubito-digitalis—i. Nervosa po.-tica,
Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaea—i.  a  Spargam fi,
Phlegmatia dolens.
  ISCHIAT'IC. Ischiad'ic, Iechialieue, hchiad'-
icue, lech'iactte,  Sciat'ic,  (F.) Iachiatiqne, from
iff^tov,  'the  haunch;' whence the  word Sciatic.
An epithet given to parts connected  with the
ischium.   The  Sciatic Notches, (F.) Echan-
crures hchiatiqnee, are  formed by this  bone ; tbe
IscniATic Spine  belongs  to it, and gives attach-
ment to  the small  sacro-sciatic ligament.  The
Tuberosity of  the Ischium, Oa  eedentu'rium.
 Tuber Ia'chii, (¥.) TubSroaitS  aciutiquc, is formed
by it.  It  receives  the  insertions  of  different
muscles of the thigh, and forms the projection on
which the body rests when seated.
   Ischiatic Artery*, Sciat'ic Ar'tery, (¥.)  Artlre
FSmoro-PoplitSe (Ch.) arises singly from the hy-
pogastric or with the  gluteal; and seems  to be
really a continuation of the trunk of the hypo-
gastric   It  issues from the pelvis, at  the  lower
part of the great sciatic notch ;  and, afterwards,
divides into a considerable number of branches,
which are distributed particularly to the posterior
and superior region  of  the thigh.
   Ischiatic Region, Sciat'ic region; Regio iechi-
ad'ica.  The region of the hip.
   Ischiatic Vein   presents  the  same  arrange
ment as the artery.
   ISCHIATICUS, Sciatic.
   ISCHIATOCELE, Ischiocele.
   ISCIIIDROSIS,  Sudo'ria aupprea'aio, Oligid'
 ria, from io%w, 'I restrain/ and 'tipws, 'sweat.'
 Suppression of perspiration.
   ISCHIO.  In composition, belonging  or re-
 lating to the ischium.
   ISCHIOBLEN'NIA, Iechoblen'nia, from ioXw,
 ' I restrain/ and 0Xtvva,  ' mucus.'  The suppres-
 sion of a morbid but habitual  discharge of mucus.
   ISCHIO-CAVERNOSUS.  Belonging  to the
 ischium and corpus  cavernosum.
   Ischio-Cavernosus muscle,  Collatera'lie, Di-
 rector seu Erec'tor seu  Suetenta'tor Penie, (¥.)
 Erecteur  du PSnie, Ischio-nrSthral, (Ch.)  is a
 small,  long, flat muscle, which surrounds the
 origin  of the corpus  cavernosum.  It is fixed
 below to  the inner  side of the tuberosity of the
 ischium, and above to the root of the penis, where
 it is confounded with  the fibrous membrane of
 the corpus cavernosum.  It draws the root of tho
 penis downwards and backwards.
   Ischio-Cavernosus of the  female,  Erector
 sen Sustenta'tor seu Superior rotun'due  clitor'-
 idie, (¥.)  hchio-clitoridien, Isehio aoua-clitorien,
 (Ch.), is arranged  nearly as  in  the male, but  ia
 less bulky.  It arises, by aponeurosis, from the
 tuberosity of the ischium, and terminates by em-
 bracing the corpus cavernosum of the. clitoris, to
 the erection of which it appears  to contribute.
   ISCIIIOCE'LE, lechiatoce'le, Isehiadoce'le,
 Hernia ischial ica; from ioxiov,  'the  ischium,'
 and enXn, 'tumour.'   Ischiatic hernia. One in
 which the viscera issue by the great sciatic notch.
 It is a rare disease.  The protruded  parts must
 be reduced—the patient being placed in a favour-
 able position, and  they  must be  retained by a
 bandage. 
ISCHIO-CLITORIANUS       512               ISOCRATES
  ISCIIIO-CLITORIA'NUS.  That which is
connected with the ischium and clitoris.
  Ischio-Clito'rian Artery  of Chaussier is  a
division of the internal pudic, which  furnishes
the two arteries  of  the clitoris — the  euperficial
and deep-eeated.
  Isciiio-Clitorian  Nerve,  of the same pro-
fessor, is the superior branch of the  pudic nerve,
which is distributed to the clitoris.
  ISCH10 - CLITORIDIEN,  Ischio - cavernous
—i. Coccygeus, Coccygeus—i.  CrSti-tibial,  Semi-
tendinosus — i. Femoralis, Adductor  magnus —
»". FSmoro-pSronier,  Biceps flexor cruris—i. PSri-
need,  Transversus  perinaei—i. PopHti-fiSmoral,
Semi - membranosus — t.  Popliti- tibial,  Semi-
membranosus— t.  PrStibial,  Scmi-tendinosus —
i. Sons-clitorien,  Ischio-cavernosus—t. Sous-tro-
chantSrien, Quadratus femoris—t. Spino-trochan-
tSrien, Ischio-trochanterianus — f.  UrSthral, Is-
chio-cavernosus.
  ISCHIODYMIA, see Somatodymia.
  IS'CHION, lachittm, Oa ischii, Oa coxen'dicia,
Hip-bone, Huckle-bone,  Seat-bone,  (Sc.) Heuck-
bane,  Hukebane, Lunyiebane, (Prov.) Chancebone,
Pinbone, (¥.)  Os de laeaiette.  The lowermost of
the three portions which compose the os innomi-
natum in the foetus and young individual.   The
inferior region of the same'bone has, also, been
called iachium, in the adult.  According to  Hesy-
chius, the ancients designated by  the word t"»-
chion  the capsular ligament of the  coxo-femoral
articulation,  as  well  as  the  articulation  itself.
Some derive the word from «o-vu, the lumbar re-
gion ;  others from  the verb toxw, 'I  arrest/ 'I
retain ;' — because that  bone serves as a base or
support for the trunk, when we are seated.
  Ischion, Haunch.
  ISCHIO-NEURALGIA,  Neuralgia  femoro
poplitaea.
  ISCHIOPA'GES, Iechiadclph'ue, from Iechion,
and rrayw, ' I fasten.'  A monstrous  union of two
foetuses, in  which  they  are  attached  to each
other by the ischia. — Geoffroy St. Hiliare.  See
Hvpogastrodidvmus.
  ISCHIO PHTHISIS, Tabea coxa'ria seu iechi-
ad'ica,Phthiaia ischiad'ica, from ioxiov, 'ischium/
and phthieie.  Phthisis in  consequence of suppu-
ration of the hip-joint.  See Coxarum morbus.
  ISCHIO-PROSTAT'ICUS.   Winslow, Sancto-
rini, Albinus, and  Sommering, have given this
name  to  the  fibres  of the  transversus perinaei
muscle, which go towards the  prostate.
  ISCHIO-RECTAL FOSSA, Perineal fossa.
  ISCHIOSIS, Neuralgia femoro poplitaea.
  ISCH10-TROCHANTERIA'NUS, Gem'ini,
Gemel'li.  Part of  the Marsupia'lie of Cowper;
Car'neum Mareit'pium, Iachio-epini-trochantSrien,
Secun'due et ter'tiue quadrigem'inue, (¥.) Muacle
cannelS, Accessoire  d I'obturateur interne.   Two
small, fleshy bundles, long and flat, which arise,
—the euperior ou the outside of the sciatic  spine;
the inferior behind the tuberosity of the ischium.
Both  pass horizontally outwards, and are attached
to  the  tendon of the obturator internus,  which
they  accompany into the fossa of the trochanter.
These muscles are rotators of  the lower limb out-
wards. They can, also, turn the  pelvis on the
femur, in  standing on one foot.
  ISCHIUM, Ischion.
   ISCHL,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.  These
springs, which  are in  Upper Austria, contain
iodine and bromine.
  ISCHNOPHO'NIA, from ieXvos, 'slender/and
pjvn,  'voice.'   Slenderness  of voice. — Hippo-
crates,  Galen.
  ISCHN0TE8, Emaciation.
  ISC HO, ktyo), 'I keep  back/ 'I restrain/ 'I
Inld firm,'  Hence:
  ISCHOBLENNIA, Ischioblennia.
  ISCHOCENOSIS, from toxw,  'I arrest/ and
Ktvwois,  'evacuation.'   Retention  or suppression
of a natural evacuation—as of the menses.
  ISCilOCHOL'IA, from  toxw, 'I arrest/ and
X.oXn, 'bile.'  Reten'tio b\lie.  Retention  or sup-
pression of the biliary secretion.
  ISCIIOCOILIA, Constipation.
  ISCIIOCOPRIA, Constipation.
  ISCHOGALAC'TIA, Reten'tio lactie, from «ryw,
and yaXa, 'milk.'  Want of milk in the mamma*.
  ISCHOLOCH'IA or Iecholochla, Lochioe'che-
aia, Snpprea'sio loch to'rum, from toxw,' I restrain,'
and  Xoxtta,  'the  lochial  discharge.'  Reten'tio
lochio'riim.  Suppression of the lochial discharge.
  ISCHOMENIA, Amenorrhoea.
  ISCHONEURALGIA, Neuralgia femoro-pop-
litaea.
  ISCHOPHONIA. Balbuties.
  ISCHOSPER'MIA, from iox">, 'I retain/and
oirtppa,  ' sperm;'  Sem'inie reten'tio.  Retention
or suppression of the spermatic secretion.
  ISCHURET'IC, lechuret'icum.   Same  etymon
as the next.  A medicine for relieving suppression
of urine.  A diuretic.
  ISCHU'RIA,  Uri'na' euppre8' sio, Stoppage of
urine, Suppree'eio lo'tii,  Parti ria retetitio'nia;
from toxw, ' I arrest/ ' I retain,' and ovpov,' urine.'
Retention of, or impossibility of discharging, the
urine, AnttrorrhSe—Piorry. Often restricted to sup-
pression of the secretion, Renal lechuria, Anilria,
Anure'sia, Nephranu'ria, Anurocrinie.—Piorry.
  Ischuria Vera  is that in which the urine, having
accumulated in the bladder, the patient is unable
to pass it, notwithstanding the  inclination which
constantly distresses him.  In false ischuria, Pa-
ru'ria  inope,  P. retentio'nie  rena'lie, lechuria
notha seu spu'ria, of some,  (F.)  Suppreaaion
d'Urine, owing to some disease of the kidney or
ureters, the urine cannot reach the bladder.
  Ischuria has likewise received  various  other
names,  according  to the  seat and character of
the obstacle which opposes the exit of the urine:
hence the expressions—Renal,  Ureteric,  Veeical,
Urethral,  and Calculoue lechuria.   Veeical Ischu-
ria is generally used synonymously with Reten-
tion of Urine, which see.
  Ischuria  Cysto-phlegmatica,  Cystirrhoea—
i. Phimosica, see  Phimosicus—i. Spasmodica, Cys-
tospasmus—i. Spuria, see Ischuria—i. Urethralia
a phimosi, see Phimosicus—i.  Vera, see Ischuria
—i. Vesicalis, Retention of urine.
  ISIC'IUM,  I'eicoe,  Inaic"ium, Tomac'ulum,
Tom'aclum, Tomac'inum.   A   kind  of  sausage,
formed of mixed meat and spices.
  ISINGLASS,  Ichthyocolla.
  ISIR, Elixir.            T
  ISIS NOBILIS, see Coral.
  ISLAND OF  REIL, Insula cerebri.
  ISLE  OF  WIGHT, CLIMATE OF.  This
beautiful  island  is a favourable summer retreat
for invalds.   Undereliff is the situation chosen
as a winter residence  for phthisical valetudina-
rians.   Cowes, Niton,  Sandown, Shanklin, and
Ryde, are delightful summer residences.
  ISNARDIA PALUSTRIS, Ludwigia palustris.
  ISOCH'RONOUS, leoSh'ronue, Iaochron'iue,
laod'romna, from toos,  'equal/ and Xoovos, 'time.'
That which takes place in the same time, or in
equal times.  The pulsations  of the arteries, in
various parts of  the body,  are nearly isochronous.
  ISOCH'RYSON, Auro compar ; from toos,
'equal,'  and  xpv"°Si  'gold.'  A  collyrium, de-
scribed by  Galen as  worth its weight  in  gold.
Libavius  has  also given this name to an  amal-
gam,  made with equal parts  of antimony and
mercury..
  ISOC'IJATES, from toos, 'equal/ and eparos,
'strength.'  A mixture of equal parts of wine and
water >—Hippocrates. 
ISODROMUS              513            IVROGNERIE
  ISODROMUS, Isochronous.
  ISOLUSINE, see Polygala senega.            |!
  ISOM'ERIC, Isomer'icus, leom'erua, Isomoz'rue,
Iaoiilorue, from  toos,  'equal,' and  ptpos, 'part.'
An epithet  applied to different  bodies  which
agree in composition, but  differ in properties.
The condition is termed laom'eriem.
  ISOMERISM, see Isomeric
  ISOMORPHISM, see Isomorphous.
  ISOMOR'PHOUS, laomor'phue, leomor'phicue,
from toos, • equal,' and ftopipn, ' form.' An epithet
applied to different bodies which have the same
crystalline  form.  The  condition  is called  Iao-
morph'ism.
  ISONANDRA GUTTA, see Gutta percha.
  ISOPATHI'A, laop'athy,  from  toos, 'equal,'
and,trades,  'disease.'  This  term has been used
by some of  the  German  writers to signify  the
cure of diseases by. the  disease itself, or  its pro-
ducts; — under the hypothesis, that every conta-
gious disease contains in its contagious matter
the means for its cure; — thus, that variola  may
be  cured by homoeopathic  doses  of  variolous
matter;  syphilis, with venereal matter, Ac,  Ac.
Others have  given  to isopathy another form ; —
maintaining,  that every  diseased  organ  has its
remedy in the same organ,—that eating liver, for
example, will remove disease of the liver!
   Isopathia has been used by an American writer
— Dr. J. M.  B. Harden, of  Georgia — to mean
"Parallelsim  ofi Di8eaaee;" "the  disposition of
diseases to 'anastomose with each other/  or to
wear each other's livery."
   ISSUE, Fonticulus — i. Peas, Aurantia curas-
saventia, see  Fonticulus.
   ISTHME DU COSIER, Isthmus of the fauces.
   ISTHMION, Isthmus, Pharynx.
  ISTHMI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Fau'cium seu Pa-
la'ti,  Angi'na eimplex seu  mitie  seu  fau'cium,
Angor fau'cium,  Cytian'che  eimplex, (¥.) Angine
simple,  from  isthmtie, and itie, denoting  inflam-
mation.  Inflammation of the  isthmus faucium,
and  of the  fauces.   See  Cynanche pharyngea,
and Angina.
   ISTHMIUM, Isthmus.
  ISTHMOCATAR'RHUS; from  tcdpos,  'the
fauces/ and xarappoos, ' catarrh.'  Catarrh of the
fauces.
   ISTHMODYN'IA, from  toOitos,  'the  fauces/
and oiwn, 'pain.'  Pain in the fauces.
   ISTHMOPLE'GIA; from toopas, 'the  fauces/
and irXnyn, 'a stroke.'  Paralysis of the fauces.
  ISTHMOS, Pharynx.
  ISTHMOTYPHUS, Cynanche maligna.
  ISTHMUS, Ieth'mjpn, Ieth'mium, (¥.) Iethme.
A tongue of land joining  a  peninsula to a conti-
nent, or which separates  two seas.  Anatomists
have  given  the  name lethmue of the  Fauces, I.
Fau'cium,  Claustrum Gttt'turis, (¥.) Iethme du
goner, to the strait which  separates the mouth
from  the pharynx.   It is formed above by  the
velum palati and uvula;  at the sides, by  the  pil-
lars of the fauces and the  tonsils; and  below, by
the base of the tongue.  Also, the Fauces.
  Isthmus of the Enceph'alon.  The narrowed
and constricted portion of the  encephalic mass,
situate between the  cerebrum, the cerebellum and
the medulla oblongata, which corresponds to the
free margin of the tentorium cerebelli, and com-
prises the pons varolii, ^.nd  middle  peduncles of
the cerebellum, the peduncles  of the cerebrum,
the tubercula quadrigemina, the superior pedun-
cles  of the cerebellum, and the valve  of Vieus-
sens.—Cruveilhier.
  Isthmus of the Fossa Ova'lis: lethmue Vieue-
een'ii, Striga cartilagino'sa  cordis, is the promi-
nent arch formed above the fossa ovalis by  the
union of the  two pillars which bound the cavity.
      33
  Isthmus  of tbe Thyroid Gland is a narrow
band that unites the two chief lobules composing
the thyroid gland.
  Isthmus  Hepatis, see Lobulus anonymus — i.
Urethrae, see Urethra — i.  Uteri, see Uterus — i.
Vieussenii, Isthmus of the fossa ovalis, see Ovalis
fossa.
  ITALIAN JUICE, Extractum glycyrrhizae.
  ITALICUS MORBUS. Syphilis.
  ITCH, Psora—i. Animalcule, see Psora—i. of
Animals, Scabies ferina.
  Itch, Bakers', see Psoriasis—i. Barbers',  Sy-
cosis—i. Bricklayers', Eczema impetiginodes.
  Itch, Cowpox.   A  cutaneous eruption,  ob-
served and  described by Golis, which  appeared
after  the fourteenth day  from vaccination,  and
consisted of isolated vesicles, often filled with  a
puriform fluid.
  Itch, Drunkards', Psora ebriorum — i. Gro-
cers', see Psoriasis.
  Itch  Insect, see Psora—i. Mite, see  Psora.
  Itch, Venereal, Scherlievo.
  Itch  Weed, Veratrum viride.
  ITCHING, Parap'sia prurltua,  Autal'gia pru-
rigino'ea, Pruritus,  Prurigo, Cneemoe, Cnesma,
(Sc)  Yoitk,  Yuke, (¥.) Prurit.  DSmangeaison.
A  sensation,  more  inconvenient  than painful,
seated especially at the surface of the body, which
provokes the patient to scratch the part  It may
be  either an external or an internal  sensation :
that is,  produced by an external body, or by some
modification in the organic actions of the part to
which it is  referred.
  ITEA, Salix.
  ITER A TERTIO  AD QUARTUM  VEN-
TRICULUM, Aquaeductus Sylvii—i. Dentis, see
Gubernaculum dentis — i.  Femineum,  Perinaeum
— i. ad Infundibulum, Vulva — i. a  Palato ad
Aurem, Eustachian tube — i. ad Quartum ventri-
culuin, Aquaeductus Sylvii—i. ad Tertium ventri-
culum, Vulva—L Urinae,  Urethra—i  Urinarium,
Urethra.
  ITHYPHAL'LUS, from iSvs, 'straight/  and
ipaXXos,  'penis.'  An amulet, in the form  of an
erect penis, anciently worn round the neck, to
which were  attributed alexiterial properties.
  ITINERARIUM, Conductor, Director.
  ITIS, from ims. 'bold,' 'rash,' [?].  A  suffix
denoting inflammation ;—as encephalifto, inflam-
mation  of  the encephalon; — Pleurifis, inflam-
mation  of  the pleura.  According  to some, as
Kraus, encephalif/ff,  for example,  was, with  the
ancients, the  adjective  agreeing  with vooos, 'a
disease/ understood  to express a disease of the
encephalon, and it was only in modern times,  that
the suffix was used to denote inflammation.
  IVA, Teucrium  iva — i.  Arthritica,  Teucrium
cbamaepitys—i. Moschata  Monspeliensium, Teu-
crium iva—i. Pecanga, Smilax sarsaparilla.
  IVETTE MUSQUEE,  Teucrium iva — i.  Pe-
tite, Teucrium chamaepitys.
  IVOIRE, Ivory.
  IVORY,  Ebur, Elephae, (¥.) Ivoire.  The tusk
of the elephant.   It is chiefly composed of phos-
phate of lime, and is used for the fabrication of
pessaries, artificial teeth, handles of instruments,
Ac.  Formerly,  when calcined to  whiteness, it
entered into some pharmaceutical  preparations.
It was regarded  as astringent  and anthelmintic,
and was called Spo'dium.
  The dentine is the ivory of  the human tooth.
See Tooth.
  Ivory Black, see Carbo animalis — i. Vege-
table, Phytelephas macrocarpa.
  IVRAIE, Lolium temulentum.
  IVRESSE, Temulentia—t. Iodique,  see Iodise
—i. Quinique, Quininism.
  IVROGNERIE, see Temulentia. 
IVY                   514       JATROPHA MANIHOT
  IVY,  Hedera helix.  Kalmia angustifolia —i. I
Americ.in, Ampelopsis quinquefolia—i. Big, Kal- I
mia latifolia —i. Fine-leaved, Ampelopsis quin-
quefolia—i. Ground, Glecoma hederacea.
  IXIA, Varix, Viscum album.
  1XINE, Atractylus gummifera.
  IXIR, Elixir.
  IXOS, Viscum album.
  JABOT, Ingluvies.
  JACA  INDICA, Thymus mastichina.
  JACEA,  Tricolor, Viola Tricolor—j. Ramosis-
siraa, Centaurea calcitrapa.
  JACENS, Sick.
  JACK  OF THE BUTTERY, Sedum acre—j.
in the Hedge, Alliaria.
  JACKET, BARK.  A jacket of flannel or cot-
ton in  which powdered bark is quilted.   It  is
occasionally worn as an antiperiodic and tonic.
  JACKSON'S BATHING SPIRITS, Liniinen-
tum saponis compositum.
  JACOBiEA, Senecio Jacobaea.
  JACOBEE, Senecio Jacobnea.
  JACOB'S COAT, Tunica Jacobi — j.'s Ladder,
false, Polemonium reptans—j.'s Membrane, Tu-
nica Jacobi—i.'s Ulcer, Lupus.
  JACOBSON, VENOUS SYSTEM OF, see Ve-
nous system.
  JACOBSONS  ANASTOMOSIS, see Petrosal
ganglion.
  JACTA'TION, Jactita'tion, Jacta'tio, Jacta'tits,
Rhiptae'moe, Jactita'tio,  from  jactare,  'to toss
about.'  Extreme anxiety; excessive restlessness;
—a symptom observed in serious diseases.
   JACTITATIO, Inquietude, Jactation.
  JADE NEPHRITE ou ORIENTALE, Ne-
pbreticus lapis.
   JAGGERY, Spirit Arrack, see Toddy.
   JAGRE, see Tari.
   JALAP, Convolvulus  jalapa, Phytolacca de-
candra—j. Blanc,  Convolvulus mechoacan—j.
Cancer root, Phytolacca decandra—j. Fusiform,
light male, see Convolvulus jalapa—j. Wild, Con-
volvulus panduratus.
   JALAPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
   JALAPINE, see Convolvulus jalapa.
   JALAPIUM, see Convolvulus jalapa.
   JALAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa—j. Alba, Con-
 .olvulus mechoacan.
   JALEYRAC,  MINERAL WATERS OF.
These waters are situate two leagues from Mau-
riae, in France, on the road from  Clermont  in
Auvergne.  The waters contain lime and carbo-
nate of soda, and are esteemed to  be tonic, ape-
rient. Ac
   JALOPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
   JAMAICA,  see  West Indies—j. Bark tree,
Bursera  gummifera.
   IAMAICINE, see Geoffraea inermis.
   JAMBES DE BARBADE, see Elephantiasis
 —j. du Cervelet, Corpora restiformia.
   JAMBIER, Tibial —j. AntSrieur, Tibialis  an-
tlcus—j.  GrSle,  Plantar muscle—j. PoetSrieur,
Tibialis posticus.
   JAMES'S ANALEPTIC  PILLS, see Ana-
leptica.
   JAMESTOWN WEED. Datura stramonium.
   JANAMUNDA.  Geum urbanum.
   TANDERS, Icterus.
  IXUS. Galium aparine.
  IXYOMYELI'TIS, from ifrj, ' the lumbar re-
gion,' pvtXos, 'marrow/ and itie, denoting inflam-
mation.  Inflammation of the spinal marrow in
the lumbar region.
  IXYS,  iftK, Ix'ya,  Ix'ye.   Used  by different,
authors for the ilia, flanks, and  loins j most fre-
quently for the last.
   JA'NICEPS, from Janue, a  divinity with two
 faces, and caput, 'head.'  A double monster, the
 two  bodies intimately  united  above  a common
 umbilicus; and  a double head, with the faces
 looking in opposite directions.—I. G.  St. Hilaire.
   JANIPHA MANIHOT, Jatropha manihot.
   JANITOR, Pylorus.
   JANITRIX, Porta vena.
   J ANON- TARENTISME, Tarantismus.
   JANUS, Dicephalus.
   JAQUIER, Artocarpus.
   J ARRET, Poples.
   JARRETIER, Poplitaeus muscle, Hamstring.
   JARRETIERE  (¥.), Peria'celie,  a  garter,
 from garetum or garretum, in low Latin, the ham.
 A kind of furfuraceous  herpes, which occupies
 the part of the leg where the garter is worn.
   JASMIN, Jasminum officinale.
   JASMINUM  ARABICUM,  Coffea Arabum.
   Jas'minum Officina'le, Jaeminum,Jeeem'inum,
 the  Jes'eamine,  (¥.) Jasmin.   Ord. Jasmineae.
 The flowers of this beautiful plant have  a very
 fragrant smell, and a bitter taste.  They afford,
 by distillation, an essential oil; which is mu.oh
 esteemed  in Italy, for rubbmg paralytic limbs,
 and in the cure of rheumatic pains.
   JASPER, Jaspis.
   JASPIS, Jasper.  A precious stone, supposed
 by the ancients to be capable of arresting hemor-
 rhage when worn as  an amulet.
   JATAMANSI, Sumbul.
   JAT'ROPHA CURCAS,  (from taopat, 'I heal/
 and rptipw, 'I nourish.')   Ric"inue major, Rici-
 noi'dee, Pi'neue seu Onrcae purgans, Pinho'ties
  In'dici, Faba cathar'tiea, Avella'na  cathar'tiea,
  Nux cathar'tiea America'na  seu  Barbadeileie,
  Phyeic Nut, (¥.) Pignon d'Inde,  MSdicinier ca-
  thartique,  Grand  haricot  de  PSrou,  Pignon de
  Barbarie,  Noix cathartiqiiey^N.  AmSricaine  ou
  dee Barbadee.  Nat. Order, Euphorbiaceoe.  The
  seeds of this plant afford a quantity of oil, given,
  in many places, like the  castor oil; to which, in-
  deed, it is nearly allied.  They contain a peculiar
  acid, the Jatrophic or Igaeuric.
    The seeds of Jatropha Multif'ida are called
  Purging Nute, and give out a similar oil.
    Jatropha Elastica, see Caoutchouc.
    jATRorHA Man'ihot, Jan'ipha Man'ihot, Man-
  ihot  ntiliee'ima, Bitter Caaea'va.  The plant  af-
  fording the Ca88a'da or Cassa'va Root, Caca'vi,
  Caaea've, Cazabi, Pain de Madagascar, Ric"iuue
i  Minor, Man'ioc, Mandioc, Magnoc, Maniot, Yfc<-a,
  Maniibar, Aipi, Aipima  coxera, Aipipoca, Jani-
  pha.  The juice of the  root  is extremely acrid
  and  poisonous.  What remains, after expressing
  it, is made into cakes or  meal; of which the cas-
  sada or cassava bread  is  formed.   This bread
  constitutes a principal food of  the inhabitants of
  those parts where it grows.
    The  fecula of the root forms Tapioca,  Cipipei,
  Fec'ula Tapio'ka, Am'ylum maniholicum, which
J. 
JAUNDERS              515               JUGALIS
is  very nutritious.   It may be prepared in  the
same manner as sago.
  A factitious Tapioca is met with in the shops,
which is in very small, smooth, spherical grains,
and is supposed to be prepared from potato starch.
It is sold under the name pearl tapioca.
  Jatropha Urens.  A  most deadly plant.  The
touch of its five bristly stings had  nearly cost
Mr. Smith, the curator of Kew gardens,  his life.
  JAUNDERS, Icterus.
  JAUNDICE, Icterus—j.  Black, Melaena—j.
Green, Icterus  viridis—j. Lead, Icterus  satur-
ninus—j. Red, Phenigmus.
   JAUNE, Yellow—j. d'OjJufi, see Ovum.
   J A UNISSE, Icterus.
   JAW BONE, Maxillary Bone.
   JAW-DISEASE, PHOSPHORUS, see Phos-
phorus.
   JEAN-DE-GLAINES, ST.,  MINERAL WA-
TERS OF.  These waters are situate two leagues
from Billom in Auvergne.   They contain  chlo-
ride of calcium, and carbonate of magnesia; dis-
solved in an excess of carbonic acid.
   JEANNE TTE, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
   JECINUS, Liver.
   JECORAIRE, Hepatic.
   JECORAL, Hepatic.
   JECORARIA, Marchantia polymorphia.
   JECORARIUS, Hepateros, Hepatic
   JECORIS VOMICA,  see Hepatitis.
   JECTIGA'TIO. A word used by Van  Helmont
 for a species of epilepsy  or convulsion.
   JECUR, Liver—j. Uterinum. Placenta.
   JEFFERSO'NIA BARTO'NI, J. Diphyl'la,
 Common  Twinleafi.  Yellow  Root,  Rhenmatiam
 Root,  Helmet Pod,  Ground Squirrel Pea.   An
 indigenous plant, belonging to Nat. Ord. Berbe-
 rideae, Sex. Syat. Octandria Monogynia; which
 possesses medical  properties analogous to those
 of hydrastis.
   JEJUNITAS, Hunger.
   JEJUNI'TIS; a term of hybrid  formation,—
 from Jejunum,  'the intestine jejunum,' and itia,
 a suffix denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation
 of the jejunum.
   JEJUNIUM, Hunger, Fasting.
   JEJU'NUM,  from jejunna, 'empty:'  Neati8,
 vnnris, Neati'a.   The part of the small  intestine
 comprised between  the duodenum and ileum.  It
 has been so called, because it is almost always
 found empty in the dead body.
   JELLY, Gelly—j. of  the  Cord, Gelatin of
 Wharton—j. Rice, see Oryza—j.  Water,  Bra-
 senia hydropeltis.^^
   JENEPERE, Juniperus communis.
   JENKINSONIA ANTIDYSENTERICA, Pe-
 largonium antidysentericum.
   JERGON, see Arrow-poison.
   JERKING RESPIRATION,  Respiration,
 jerking.
   JERKS, see Mania, dancing.
   JEROFFLERIS. Dianthus caryophyllus.
   JERSEY,  CLIMATE  OF.   Jersey is  tbe
 largest of  the islands of the  British Channel, and
 is most  frequented by invalids.  Its climate
 closely resembles  that  of the south-west coast
 of England, and especially of Penzance, and it is
 adapted to the same class of invalids.
   JERUSALEM OAK  OF  AMERICA, Cheno-
 podium anthelminticum.
   JESEMTNUM, Jasminum officinale.
   JESSAMINE, Jasminum officinale—j. Yellow,
 Gclseminum nitidum.
   JETICUCU. Batata de purga.
   JEUNESSE, Adolescence.
   JEWBUPn. Pedilanthus  tithymnloi Ips.
   JEWEL WEED, Impatiens balsamina.
  JEW'S EAR, Peziza auricula—j. Harp, Tril-
lium latifolium.
  JIGGER, Chique.
  JIMPSON WEED, Datura stramonium.
  JIMSTON WEED, Datura stramonium.
  JIZZEN-BED, see Parturition.
  JOANNESIA PRINCEPS, Anda.
  JOANNETTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Several springs are found at  Joannette, about
five leagues from Angers, in France.  The waters
are both cold and warm, and contain sulphate of
lime; subcarbonate of soda; chloride of sodium ;
some iron ; chloride of calcium, and, sometimes
a kind of saponaceous matter.   They are chiefly
used as a tonic in chlorosis, leucorrhoea, Ac.
  JOE PYE, Eupatorium perfoliatum, and E.
purpureum.
  JOHNE, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Johne
is a village near Dol in  Franche-Comt6, France,
where  is a mineral spring, which  contains sub-
carbonate of soda, and subcarbonates of magne-
sia and ironT  It is used chiefly as a bath  in
certain diseases of the skin, and in atonic affec-
tions.
  JOINT, Articulation—j. Ball and Socket, En-
arthrosis—j. Dove-tail, Suture—j. Stiff, Anky-
losis.
  JONAS. Icterus.
  Jonas. Mineral Waters of.   This  spring is
situate to the  south-west of Bourbon-1'Arch am-
bault,  in France.  The waters contain  chloride
of  calcium and sulphate of lime; chloride of
sodium,  and  sulphate  of soda:  carbonate of
iron, and carbonic acid gas.   They are tonic and
aperient.
  JORDAN'S  WHITE SULPHUR  SPRINGS.
These are in Virginia, five or six  miles from Win-
chester.  They are used in the same cases as sul-
phureous springs in general.
  JOT-GUT, Rectum.
  JOUAN, ST., MINERAL WATERS OF.  St.
Jouan is a village, near Saint-Malo, in France.
The water is a cold chalybeate.
  JOUBARBE ACRE,  Sedum—/. des Toits,
Sempervivum  tectorum —j. dea  Vignes, Sedum
telephium.
  JOVE, Genu.
   JOULOS, Julus.
   JOUR, Dies.
   JOURS CANTCULAIRES,  Dog  days—.;.
 Critiques, Critical days —j.  Indicatenrs, Indi-
 cating days —j. Paroxyntiquea, see Paroxyntic.
   JOVIS FLOS, Crocus—j. Glans, Juglans.
   JUCATO CALLELOE, Phytolacca decandra.
   JUD.33'US,  Judelicua seu  Phcenici'tee Lapis,
 Tecolithoe,  (¥.)  Pierre Jnduique.   A  stone,
found in Judaea,  Palestine, Ac.   Called, also,
 Lapia Syriacus.  It was formerly esteemed to be
 diuretic and lithontriptic
   JUDGMENT, Jmlic"ium, (¥.) Jngement.  The
faculty of the  intellect, by which ideas are com-
pared with each other, and their relative worth
appreciated.
   JUDTCATORII DIES, Critical days.
   JUDICIUM, Judement.
   JUGA ALVEOLARIA, see Alveolar aiehes.
   Ju'ga Cerebra'lia. Prominences on the inner
 surface of the bones of the cranium, between the
 digital impressions.
   JUGAL, Zygomatic—j. Process, Zygomatic
 process.
   Jugal  Region, Re'gio Juga'lie.  The region
 of  the cheek-bone.
   JUGALE OS, Malae os.
   JUGALIS. Zygomatic.
   Jugalis Sutu'ra, from  (,vyov,  jugnm, (from
 jnngere,  jitnctitm,  ' to join.'l  ' a  yoke.'  The
 suture which unites the Oa Mala or Oe Juga'le 
JUGEMENT
516
JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS
 with  the superior maxillary bone.   Also, the
 sagittal suture.
   JUGEMENT. Judgment.
   JtGEOLINE. Sesamum orientale.
   JUGLANS, BLACK. J. nigra.
   Juglans Ciner'ea (Ju-glana, qnasi Jovis glans),
 Butter or Oil Nut, White Walnut.  Ord. Juglan-
 daceae.  The inner bark of  the root of this tree,
 Juglane (Ph. U.  3.),  which is  abundant in the
 United States, is used in medicine, in the form
 of extract, as an efficacious  and mild laxative, in
 doses of from  10 to  20 grains.   It is  in the
 secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United
 States.
   Juglans Nigra, Black Juglane, Black Walnut;
 indigenous.   The rind of the unripe fruit is said
 to remove ringworm and tetter.  A decoction has
 been given as an anthelmintic.
   Juglans Re'gia, Juglane, Nux Juglane, Carya
 basilica, Kapva,  Carya.   The. Walnut,  French
 nut,  (¥.) Noyer, the  tree; Noix, the nut, eapvov,
 Car'yon.   The unripe fruit, in the state in which
 it is pickled, was formerly esteemed to be anthel-
 mintic.  The put amen or green rind of the walnut
 has been celebrated  as a powerful antisyphilitic,
 and  used as a sort of diet  drink.  The kernel is
 an agreeable article of  dessert; but, like all nuts.
 is difficult of digestion.  The expressed oil, Huile
 de Noix, is used in France as an aliment, and,
 like other fixed oils; is  laxative.
   Various preparations of  the leaves have been
 recommended in scrofulous  affections.
   JUG'ULAR, Jugula'rie,  from juguhtm, (itself
 from jugum,  because  the  'yoke'  was attached
 there,) 'the throat.'  Relating to the-throat.
   Jugular Fossa, Fossa Jugula'rie, is a cavity
 in the petro-occipital suture.  It is formed by the
 petrous portion of the temporal bone, and by the
 occipital bone, and lodges the origin of the inter-
 nal jugular vein.  It is, sometimes, called thimble-
 like cavity.
   Jugular Veins, Vena Jngula'ree seu ephagil-
 idee  seu apoplec'tica seu eopora'lee.   These are
 situate at the lateral  and  anterior parts  of tbe
 neck.  They are two on each side ; one external,
 the other internal.  1. The External Jugular
 Vein, TrachSlo-sous-cutanSe, (Ch.) is of less size
 than the internal. It descends, almost vertically,
 along the anterior and  lateral part of the neck,
 from the cervix  of the  lower jaw to the  subcla-
 vian vein, into which it opens, a little  above the
 internal jugular.  It is formed by the internal
 maxillary, superficial temporal, and posterior au-
 ricular veine.  It is this vein which is commonly
 opened in bleeding in the neck.  2. The Internal
 Jugular Vein, V. CSphalique (Ch.),  Vena  apo-
 plec'tica, is much larger, and more deeply seated
 than  the preceding.  It descends, vertically, along
 tiie anterior and lateral part  of the neck, from the
 posterior part of the foramen lacerum posterius as
 f ir as the subclavian vein.   It commences at tbe
 tinue of the jugular rein, (¥.) Golfie de la veine
  ugulaire, and receives the  blood, which  returns
  y the einue of the dura mater, and that of the
 facial, lingual, pharyngeal,  euperior thyroid, oc-
 cipital,  and diploic veine.
  JUGULUM, Clavicle, Throat—j. Uteri,  Collum
 uteri.
  JUGUM PENIS,  Presse-itrlthre.
  JUTCE, EXPRESSED, see Succus.
  JU'JUBE. Ju'juba, Ziz'yphum, Bacca jujuba,
 B.  Ziz'yphi.  A word  of  Arabic  origin.  The
 fruit of Rhamnne Ziz'yphne seu Ziz'yphue  vulga'-
 rie.  Ord. Rhamneae.  A native of the south of
 Europe.  It was  formerly ranked  amongst  the
 pectoral fruits.  It has  an agreeable sweet taste.
 The fruits of two other species of Zizyphus — Z. j
juinhn,  Rhamnus  jujitha, Mansana  orho'rea, a I
 Dative of the East Indies, and Z. lotus, Rhamnus
i
 lotus, Zizyphus nit'ida seu eati'va seu eylvee'trie,
 growing in North Africa, possess properties simi-
 lar to those of Zizyphus vulgaris.
   Jujube Paste, Paste of jujubes.
   JULAPIUM,  Julep—j. Camphorae, Mistura
 Camphorae.
   JULEB, Julep.
   JULEP, Jula'pium, Jule'pue, Zula'pihm,  Ju-
 leb of the Persians.  A  sweet drink.  A demul-
 cent, acidulous or mucilaginous mixture.
   Julep,  Camphor, Mistura camphorae—j. Cam-
 phrS,  Mistura   camphorae—j.  Chalk, Mistura
 cretae—j.  Mint, see Mint julep.
   JULUS, Juloe, louloe,  tovXos.  The first down
 that appears upon the chin.—Rufus of Ephesus.
   JUM, Lolium  temulentum.
   JUMBLE BEADS, see Abrus precatorius.
   JUM EAU, Gemellus.
   JUMEAUX DE LA JAMBE,  Gastrocnemii.
   JUMELLE. Gemellus.
   JUMENTOUS URINE, Urine jumenteuee.
   JUMPERS, see Convulsionnaire.
   JUNCTURA,  Articulation.
   JUNCUS ODORA'TUS, from jungere, jnnctum,
 'to  join/  in  allusion to the use  of  rushes  for
 bands. [?]   Andropo'gon schoznan.'thus seu  bicor'-
 nie  seu citra'tua sen citriodo'rue, Cymbopo'gon
 echoenan'thua, Foenum camelo'rum, Juncua aromat'-
 icua,  Camel'e  hay,   Sweet rush,  Schoenan'thi a,
 Schoenan'thttm, Seoenan'thum,  Calamus odora'tus,
 Squinan'thus, Gramen orienta'le, (¥.) Jonc odo-
 rant, Foin de chameau.   Ord. Gramineae.  The
! dried plant, which  is generally  procured from
 Turkey and Arabia, has  an agreeable smell, and
 a warm, bitterish taste.  It was formerly used as
 a stomachic and  deobstruent.
   JUNGLE FEVER.  A variety of remittent
 occurring  in the jungle districts of India.
   JUNIPER TREE, Juniperus communis.
   JUNIP'ERUM VINUM.   Wine impregnated
 with juniper berries.
   JUNIP'ERUS COMMU'NIS, J. Suec"ica, Ar-
 ceu'thoe, Ju'niper tree ; Akat'alie, Akat'era, (Sc.)
 Jenepere.  Family, Coniferae.   Sex. Syst. Dioecia
 Monadelphia.  The berries, Junip'erue (Ph.  U.
 S.),  (Sc)  Eatin-berries, Etnagh-berriea* are  or-
 dered in  the pharmacopoeias.   Their odour ia
 strong, but not  unpleasant.   Taste warm, pun-
 gent.   Properties dependent  upon essential  oil,
 which  they yield to both water and alcohol.
 Dose, ^j  to gss, rubbed with  sugar.  In Hol-
 land,,, juniper berries are used  for  flavouring
 gin.   The oil,  O'leum jttnip'eri,  possesses  the
 virtues of the plant.  It is called, by Ruland,
 Torgar.   (¥.)  GenSvrier  (the plant),  Gcnilvre
 (the berry).
   Juniperus  Lycia.  This plant—Thu'rea,'Th.
 virga. Arbor thurifera — has been supposed to
 afford the  true frankincense,  Cedroe,  Olib'annm,
 Thne  Libano'toe, Libano'tum.  Lib'anos,   Thus
 mas'cnlum, Thue  verum,  (F.)  Encene.   By some,
 however, it is supposed to be the  produce  of an
 Am'yrie, and by others of Bosicd'Ha serra'ta, or
 B. thurifera.  The odour of olibanum is peculiar
 and aromatic; taste  bitterish and  slightly pun-
 gent; partly soluble in  alcohol, and forming a
 milky emulsion, when triturated with water.  It
 was formerly used in dysentery and haemoptysis,
 but is now never employed except as a perfume
 in a sick room.
   Juniperus Oxyce'drits, (F.) GenSvrier Oxyrl-
 dre,  Cade, Oxicldre,  Oxycldre,  grows in  the
 south of Europe,  Siberia, Ac.  By combustion  of
 the wood,  a liquid tar, O'leum ca'dinum, Junip'-
 eri o'leum  empyreumalicum,  Oil of Cade, (P.)
 Huile de Cade ou de GenSvrier. is obtained, which
 is employed externally in various  chronic cuta-
 neous and  other diseases.
   Juniperus Sabi'na, Sabina, S. ster'ilis, Savi'- 
JUNK                   517         GALIUM  IODATUM
imj, Bruta, Cedrua baceifi'era, Common or barren
savin ; Brathu, Brathye,  Ba'rathron, Bo'rathron,
(¥.) Sabine, Savinier.  The odour of savin tops,
Snblna of the pharmacopoeias, is  strong and dis-
agreeable.   Taste hot, acrid, and  bitter, depend-
ing on an essential oil. Their operation is stimu-
lant, emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and  abortive;
externally, escharotic Dose, internally, gr. v to
x  of the powder.  As an escharotic, they are op-
plied in powder or  formed into a cerate.  The
essential oil, O'leum Sabina (Ph. U. S.), has the
virtues of the savine.  Dose, two to five drops.
   Juniperus Suecica, J. communis.
   Juniperus Virginia'na, Red cedar.  This tree
is known throughout the United States  by the
name  of eavine, and  is  often used for the same
purposes.  The tops  and  leaves are  officinal in
the Pharmacopoeia of the United States.
   JUNK, Pad.
   JUNO LUCINA, Hithyia.
   JUNOS  TEARS,  Verbena officinalis.
   JUPITER, Tin.
   JUPITER'S BEARD, Sempervivum tectorum.
   JURIBALI,  Euribali.  A tree in  the forests
 of Pomeroon.   Fam. Meliaceae.  Claae,  Octan-
 dria.  Nat.  Order,   Monogynia.  The  bark is
 febrifuge, and may be given in powder or  infu-
 sion, (]f j ad aq. bullient. Oij.)
   JURISPRUDENCE,  MED'ICAL,  from  jua,
 juris, 'law,' and prudentia, 'knowledge.' Juria-
 pruden'tia  Med'ica.  This word is  often  used
 synonymously with  Legal Medicine.   It is at
 times employed for the embodied laws and regu-
 lations that relate to the teaching and practice
 of medicine.
   JURY OF MATRONS.  A jury formed of wo-
 men empanelled under  a writ de ventre inspici-
 endo,  to  try the question, whether a woman is
 with child or not.
   JUS,  Zomoa, Zomid'ium, Sorbil'io,  Sor'bitum.
 Soup, broth, Jus'culum or bouillon.
  K.  This letter was formerly used to designate
a compound of geld.
  KAATH,  Catechu.
  KAAWY.  Ancient name of an Indian drink,
prepared from maize.
  KABALA. Cabal.
  KJ3MPFERIA GALANGA, see Maranta ga-
langa.
  KjEmpfe'ria Rotun'da.   Called after Kaemp-
fer, the naturalist.  Zedoa'ria, Z. rotun'da, Amo'-
mum zedoa'ria, Colchicum  Zeylan'icttm, Curcil-
nut  aromalica,  Zed'oary,  (¥.)  ZSdoaire rond.
Ord. Zingiberaceae.  The roots of this Ceylonese
plant have a fragant smell, and warm, bitterish,
aromatic taste. They are in wrinkled, gray, ash-
coloured, heavy, firm, short pieces; of a brown-
ish-red  colour within ;  and  are  stimulant and
carminative.  Dose, ^j  to 3j of the powder.
  According to some, the  round zedoary is fur-
nished by Curcuma zernmbet; the long, Zedoa'ria
longa, by Curcumct zedoa'ria.
  KAIliNCiE  RADIX, Caincae radix.
  KAIB, Kay I.  A word employed by the alche-
mists for sour and coagulated milk.
  KAJEPUT, Cajeput.
  Jus Bovinum. Beef-tea—j. Coagulatum, Grlly.
  JUS D'HERBES (¥.).   The juice  of certain
vegetables administered as  depuratives; as that
of fumitory, burdock, water trefoil. Ac.
  Jus Jelatum. Gelly—j.  de BSgliaee, see  Gly-
cyrrhiza —j. de  Viande, see Bouillon.
  JUSCULUM,  see Jus.
  JUSEE (¥.).   An aqueous maceratum of tan,
coarsely powdered, in which the skins  of animals
have been  steeped for a time, in the preparation
of leather.   An  extract has been prepared from
this, which has been prescribed in syrup and in
pill; each pill containing about a grain  and a half
of  the extract;   and two  being taken daily in
phthisis, and in general debility connected with
scrofula and rickets.—Barruel.
  JUSQUIAMINE. Hyoscyamus.
  JUSQUIAMUS, Hyoscyamus.
  JUSQUIAUME, Hyoscyamus.
  JUSTICLA BIVALVIS, Adulasso—j. Adha-
toda, Adhatoda.
  Justic"ia Ecbol'ium, Carx.% curini. A Mala-
bar plant,  tbe root of which, and the leaves, in
decoction,  are  considered  in the country to be
litbontriptic
  Justicia Pectora'lis.   A West India  plant,
which is  slightly astringent.  (F.) Carmantine,
 C. Pectorale, Herbe aux Charpentitre.
  JUVANS, pi. Juvantia, Aiijciliitm, Remed'ium.
A medicine or substance of any kind, which re-
lieves a disorder.  An Adjuvant.
   JUVENIS, Adolescens.
   JUVENTA, Adolescence, Hebe.
   JUVENTAS, Adolescence, Hebe.
   JUVENTUS, Adolescence, Hebe.
   JUXTAPOSIT"ION, Juxtapoeil'io, from
 juxta, ' near to,' and ponere, poeitum,  ' to place.'
 The mode of increase proper to minerals; which
 consists  in  the  successive application of  new
 molecules  upon  those that form  the primitive
' nucleus.  It is opposed to  intuaeii8ception.
  KAKERLAKISM, see Albino.
  KAKOCHYMIA, Cacochymia.
  KALI, Potash, Potassa — k.  Acetas, Potass*
acetas—k. Aeratum, Potassae carbonas — k. Bi-
chromicum, Potassa? bichromas — k. Causticum,
Potassa fusa — k. Causticum cum calce, Potassa
cum calce—k. Chloricum, Potassae murias hyper-
oxygenatus—k. Chromicum acidum, Potassae bi-
chromas—k. Chromicum flavum, Potassae-bichro-
mas—k. Chromicum rubrum, Potassae bichromas
— k. Chromicum  neutrale,  Potassa? ehromas —
k. Hydriodinicum, see Potassae hydriodas — k.
Inermis,  see  Salsola  kali — k. Nitricum,  Po-
tassae nitras—k. Oxalicum acidulum, Potassa, ox-
alate of—k. Praeparatum, Potassae subcarbonas
—k. Praeparatum e tartaro, see Potash—k. Purum,
Potassa fusa — k. Soda, see Salsola kali—k.  Spi-
nosum cochleatum, Salsola kali—k. Subcarbonas,
Potassae subcarbonas — k. Sulphas, Potassae sul-
phas—k. Sulphuricum, Potassa?  sulpha/—k.  Sul-
phuretum, Potassae  sulphuretum—k. Tartariza-
tum, Potassae tartras—k. e Tartaro, see Potash—
k. Vitriolatum, Potnssae sulphas.
  KALICUM  HYDRAS, Potassa fusa
  KALIUM IODATUM, see Potassae hydriodai
                                       K.

N. B.—Moat of the terms under K, derived from the Greek, are found under the letter C. 
KALMIA A.NGUSTIFOLIA     513                KIDNEY
— k. Iodatum  Hydrargyratum,  Potassii hydrar-
gyro-iodidum.
  KALMIA ANGUSTIFO'LIA.   Called after
Kalm, the botanist.   Ivy, Narrow-leaved Kalmia
or Laurel,  Dwarf Laurel, Sheep Laurel.   Ord.
Ericaceae.  This plant has the same virtues as K.
huifolia.   So also have  Kalmia Cunea'ta and
Kalmia Hirsu'ta.
  Kalmia, Broad Leaved, K. latifolia.
  Kalmia Glauca, Swamp Laurel, Pale Laurel.
  Kalmia  Latifo'lia,  Broad-leaved Kalmia,
Calico bush, Laurel, Mountain or Rose or Broad-
leaved  Laurel, Big  Ivy,  Spoonwood,  Lambkill,
Sheep-poison.  (F.) Lauder dee Montagues.  This
plant kills sheep and other animals.   The Indians
use it  as a poison.  The powdered leaves have
been applied successfully in tinea capitis;  and a
decoction of it has been used for the itch.  The
powder,  mixed with lard, has been applied  in
herpes.
  Kalmia, Narrow-leaved, K. angustifolia.
  KALO, Arum esculentum.
  KAMEYLA. see Rottlera tinctoria.
  KAMPHUR. Camphor.
  KANKROID. Cancroid.
  KAPHUR,  Camphor.
  KARABE, Asphaltum.
  KARABITUS, Phrenitis.
  KARCINOSEN, Carcinoses.
  KARENA,  Carena.
  KARKINOMA, Carcinoma.
  KARSON-KHAYI, Swietenia Senegalensis.
  KASSADER, Convolvulus panduratus.
  KASSAUDER, Convolvulus panduratus.
  KATASARCA, Anasarca.
  KATASTALTICA, Astringents.
  KAVA, Ava.
  KAVIAC, Caviare.
  RAWING. Anhelatio.
  KAYL, Kaib.
  KECKCORN, Trachea.
  KECKER, Trachea.
  KEEN-BITE, see Congelation.
  KEER, Sorbus aucuparia.
  KEITA, Monsonia ovata.
  KELIS, see Cancroid.
  KELKfNG, Eructation.
  KELOID, Cancroid.
  KELOTOMIA, Celotomia.
  KELP, Varec.  The impure mineral alkali ob-
tained bv burning certain marine plants. See Soda.
  KENCH, Sprain.
  KENNELWORT, Scrophularia nodosa.
  KENTUCK'Y, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
 Olympian Springs, Mudlick, in this State, are near
the sources of Licking  river.   There are three
different kinds, in the space of half a mile.  One
of them is saline, impregnated* with sulphur;—
another  is chalybeate, and a third  a sulphureous
spring.  In various parts of Kentucky, there are
saline  waters,  which are  frequented by inva-
lids,   fhe  Salines  at  Bigbone,   formerly em-
ployed in the manufacture of salt, are now re-
sorted to.  A spring, near Harrodsburg, in Mercer
County,  is strongly impregnated with sulphate of
magnesia, and is much visited.  At the Blue Licks
on  both banks  of the Licking river, there are
sulphureous saline waters.
  KERATIASIS, Ceratiasis.
  KERATITIS, Ceratitis.
  KERATOCELE, Ceratocele.
  KERATODEITIS, Ceratitis.
  KERATO-GLOSSUS, Cerato-glossus.
  KERATO-IRITIS, Aquo-membranitis.
  KERATO-MALACIA, Cerato-malacia.
  KERATONYXIS. Ceratonvxis.
  KERATO-PHARYNGEUS, Cerato-pharyn-
eeus.
  KERATOPLASTY, Ceratoplastice.
   KERATO-STAPHYLINIS, Cerato-staphyll-
 nus.
   KERATOTOMUS, Ceratotomus, Knife,  cata-
 ract.
   KERECTOMY, Cerectomy.
   KERION, see Favosus.
   KERMES,  Chermee, Alkerm'ee.  One of the
 species of the genus kermes lives on a green oak,
 and  is  called  Coccus Hide, Kermes animal,
 Cocci granum, Coccum, C. baph'icuni seu inficc'to-
 rium seu tincto'rum seu ecarlati'num,  Ac.  The
 oak,  to which  allusion has been made, is known
 by botanists under  the name Quercus coccifi'era,
 and grows abundantly in the uncultivated  lands
 of southern France, Spain, and in  the islands of
 the Grecian Archipelago.  The kermes inhabiting
 it has the appearance of a small, spherical, inani-
 mate shell.  Its colour is reddish-brown, and it
 is  covered with a slightly  ash-coloured  dust.
 This is the kermes  of the shops.  It is now only
 used in dyeing;  but was formerly reputed to
 possess aphrodisiac, analeptic, anti-abortive, and
 other virtues.
   Kermes Mineral, Antimonii sulphuretum prae-
 cipitatum and A. sulphuretum rubrum.
   KERNEL, Tubercle.
   KERNELS, WAXING, see Waxing kernels.
   KERN-MILK, Buttermilk.
   KERUA. Ricinus communis.
   KETCHUP, Catchup.  A pickle prepared from
 the liquor  of the mushroom, walnut, tomato, Ac.
   KETMIA ^GYPTIACA,  Hibiscus abelmos-
 chus.
   KEY, Sax. C8B5,  Clavie, Cleis, Clavie An'glioa,
 (¥.)  Clef;  Clef de Garangeot.  An instrument,
 used for extracting teeth.  It consists  of a firm
 handle,  with a  claw at  right angles  to it, and
 moving  upon  a pivot.  This claw embraces the
 tooth.  It has undergone several  modifications,
 and  hence various instruments are used under
 this denomination.   The French have the Clef d
 pompe, Clef d pivot, and Clef d noix.
   KEYRI CHEIRI, Cheiranthus cheiri.
   KHALA MIMUC, Bit noben.
   KHAYA SENEGALENSIS,  Swietenia  ScDe-
 galensis.
   KHl'S-KHUS, Andropogon muricatus.
   KIAS'TER, Chiaeter, from xia^uv-  'to cross.'
 A species  of  bandage, having the form of the
 Greek letter X' which the ancients used for ap-
 proximating,  and  maintaining  in contact, the
 fragments of the patella, in  cases  of fracture of
 that bone. It  was applied in the form of the
 figure 8.
   KIBE, Chilblain.
   KIBIST1TOME, Cystitome.
   KIDNEY.   Its etymology is uncertain.   Se-e-
 nius derives it fancifully from Su. Goth, qued, the
 belly; and niyh, (quasi, quidney.)  Ren, Nephroe,
 Protme'eia, (Sc.) Neir,  Nere,  (¥.) Rein.   The
 kidneys or rein* are the secretory organs  of the
 urine.   They are  two glands, situate deeply,—
 the one on the  right, and the other on the left
 side — in the  hypochondres: at the sides of the
 lumbar  vertebrae;  behind the peritoneum ; and
 in the midst of  an  abundant, fatty areolar tissue,
 Tu'nica seu Cap'eula adipo'ea.  The kidney is
 of a reddish-brown colour;  oval form ;  and flat-
 tened on  two surfaces.  It  has, at its internal
 margin, a  deep fissure, by which the renal vessels
 and  nerves enter or quit the organ, and the ure-
 ter issues.  It resembles, pretty accurately, the
 haricot  or kidney-bean.   Two substances are
 readily distinguishable in it :-»-the outer, secern-
 ing,  cortical, glandular  or vascular, Substantia
 cortica'lie seu  glandulo'sa,  which  secretes the
 urine; and the  inner, tubular, medullary, urini-
 ferrate, conoidal or radiated, Substantia Mrdttl-
I la'ris seu  Tubulo'sa seu Fibro'sa, which appears 
KIESTEINE              51
under the form of small cones or unequal papilla
or mammilla, each resulting from  the union of
small capillary tubes,  adherent by one of their
extremities to the cortical substance; and open-
ing,  by the other, at the summit of the cone, into
calicos, a species of membranous tubes, more or
less  numerous, which transmit the urine  of the
papillae to the pelvie.   By the pelvis  is meant a
small, membranous sac, of an  irregularly  oval
shape, at the base of which are the orifices of the
calices, and the other extremity of which is con-
tinuous  with  the ureter.  The kidney is  sur-
rounded  by a fibrous membrane proper to it, Peri-
neph'rue, Tu'nica pro'pria seu albugin'ea. It
has been shown  by Mr. Bowman and others that
the renal artery is distributed to the corpora Mal-
pighiana, forming a pellet of convolutions, which
is received into a flask-like dilatation of the ure-
ter—Bowman'e Capaule, and through which—it is
conceived—the watery portion of the urine is se-
parated.   The blood then becomes venous, and is
distributed by different veins—portal veins of the
kidney—to the convoluted tubes through which
the  proper urine is secreted.   Hence the  blood
passes into the renal vein.   The intermediate
vessels between the- Malpighian bodies and the
convoluted tubes have been  termed  the Portal
System of the Kidney.
   Kidney, Bright's  Disease of  the, Morbus
Bright'ii seu albuminen'sis seu granulosus Re-
num, Nephritis  albumino'sa seu eocia'ta, Neph'-
ria,  Nephrochalazo'sis, Nephrococco'sis, Uroze'mia
albumino'sa,  Cachec'tic or Asao'ciated nephritia,
Inflammation of the Malpig'hian cor'puscles, Dis-
ease of Bright, Gran'ular Degenera'tion or Dis-
organization of the Kidney, Granular Kidney of
Bright,  Cachec'tic nephritis,  Chalazonephri'tie,
(¥.) Maladie de Bright, NSphrite albumineuee,
Etat Granuleux ou DSgenSreacence  granulSe du
Rein, AlbuminurorrhSe.   A granular disease of
the cortical part of the kidney, which gives occa-
sion to the secretion  of urine that contains albu-
men, and is of less specific gravity than natural,
and  which destroys by inducing other diseases.
It was first described  by Dr. Bright, of London.
   Kidney,  Granular,  of   Bright,  Kidney,
Bright's  disease of the.
   KI'ESTEINE, Ki'eetein, properly Ky'eateine,
Ky'eatein, Kyatein,  Cy'esteine  or Cy'eatein, Kiea-
thein,—(Lehmann), from  evtiv, 'to be pregnant/
and  todns, ' a garment or pellicle.'  A peculiar
albuminoid pellicle, which forms on the urine of
a pregnant female when allowed to stand for  a
few  days.    It  is whitish, opalescent,  slightly
granular, and may be compared to the fatty sub-
stance that swims on  the surface  of soups, after
they have  been allowed to cool.  When taken in
conjunction with other phenomena, it is a valu-
able aid  in the diagnosis of early pregnancy.
   KIESTLN'IC, Kieatin'icue ; same etymon. Re-
lating or appertaining to  kiesteine ; as ' kieetinie
urine.'
   KILBURN, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
springs contain carbonic acid, sulphohydric acid;
carbonates of lime, magnesia, and iron ; sulphates
of soda,  lime,  and  magnesia, and chloride of
sodium.
   KILE, Ulcer.
   KILLLAMB, Andromeda mariana.
   KILOGRAMME,   Chiliogranlma, from ^lAiot,
'a thousand,'  and  ypapua, 'a gramme'   The
weight of a thousand grammes;—two pounds,
eisht ounces, one drachm, and twenty-four grains,
Troy.
   KILOLITRE, from, x'^'01' 'a thousand/ and
Xtrpa, 'a litre.'   A measure containing a thousands
litres.                                        I
   KINA KINA, Cinchona.                    II
9                   KIST
   KINANCIE, Cynanche.
   KINCOUGH, Pertussis.
   KINDCOUGH, Pertussis.
   KINESIP'ATHY,  Kineaitherapi'a,  Cineaip'-
 athy, Movement cure, Motor'pathy, Medici'na me-
 chan'ica,  from Ktvnets, ' motion,' and irados, ' dis-
 ease.'  A mode of treating disease by gymnastics
 or appropriate movements proposed by Ling, a
 Swede, and hence called Lingism.
   KINETIC, Motory.
   KINGCURE, Pyrola maculata.
   KING'S EVIL, Scrofula.
   KINGSHOOD, Reticulum.
   KINICI ACETAS, Quinia, acetate of.
   KININUM, Quinine.
   KINIUM, Quinine.
   KINK, Quinte.
   KINK IN THE HEAD, see Insanity.
   KINKHAUST, Pertussis.
   KINK HOST, Pertussis.
   KINKINA, Cinchona.
   KINO, Gummi Gambien'ee seu rubrum adstrin'-
 gene Gambien'ee seu adstritlgens Fothergilli, Af-
 rican, East India or Amboy'na kino, (¥.)  Gomme.,
 sue ou extrait de kino.   The trees, whence one
 variety of this resin  is obtained, are not botani-
 cally ascertained.  The  London college ascribe
 it to Pterocar'pue erina'cea;  the  Edinburgh  to
 Eucalyp'tue  resinif era  seu  gummif'era, Iron
 bark; and the Dublin to Butea frondo'ea.  The
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States, (1842 and
 1851), defines it to be " an extract obtained from
 an uncertain  plant;" that of 1851 states it to  be
 the inspissated juice of Pterocaip'ue mcreu'pium
 (De Candolle) and of other plants.  On  wound-
 ing  the  bark, the kino flows  drop by drop.   A
 West India variety is said to be derived from Coc-
 col'oba uvifera or Sea-eide Grape ; and a Botany
 Bay kino is said to be the concrete juice of Euca-
 lyp'tue resinif'era or brown gum-tree of New Hol-
 land.  Sex. Syst. Icosandria  Monogynia.  Nat.
 Ord. Myrtaceae.  Kino consists chiefly of tannic
 and gallic acids, oxide of iron, and colouring mat-
 ter.   It is inodorous; the taste a sweetish bitter:
 and it is sometimes gritty between the teeth.   It
 comes to us  in  fragments  of a dark ruby red
 colour, and is easily pulverized.  Its  properties
 are powerfully astringent.  Dose, gr. x to gr. xx
 in powder.
   KIONORRHAPHIA, Staphyloraphy.
   KI'OTOME,  Kiot'omus, from kiwv,  'a pillar,'
 'support/ and rtiivtiv, 'to cut.'  (F.) Coupebride.
 An  instrument invented by Desault to cut any
 accidental brides or  filaments in the rectum and
 bladder; and which  he  afterwards used for the
 removal o'f  the tonsils.   It is composed of a flat,
 silver sheath, open at one edge.  This sheath is
 provided with a cutting blade, which can be forced
 through the opening, and thus all the parts can  be
 divided with which it comes in contact.
   KIPPERNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum.
   KIRATE.   A weight of four grains, according
i to Blancard.            »■
I   KIRIAGHUMA, Gymneura lactiferum.
|   KIRKLAND'S  NEUTRAL CERATE, see
 Cerate, Kirkland's Neutral.
   KIRNMILK,  Buttermilk.
   KIRRHONOSIS, Cirrhosis.
   KIRRHOSIS, Cirrhosis.
   KIRSCHWASSER, (G.) Kirsch  and Was-
 ser), 'Cherry  water.'   An alcoholic liquor, ob-
 tained from cherries bruised with their stones, by
 subjecting  them to   distillation,   after  having
 caused them to ferment.  See Spirit.
   KISS'INGEN, MINERAL WATERS OF.
 These Bavarian springs have been  long fre-
 quented.  There are three,—two chalybeate, and
 one alkaline and acidulous.
   KIST.  A weight of 14 grains.—Paracelsus. 
KITILLING              520              KRAMERIA
   KITILLING, Tickling.                      |!
   KITTLING, Tickling.
   KLAPROTHII SULPHAS, Cadmii sulphas.
   KLAPROTHIUM SULPHURICUM, see Cad-
 mii sulphas.                                  I
   KLEPTOMA'NIA,  Cleptoma'nia,  Klopema'- j
 nia, Clopemania;  from KXttrrw,  'I steal,'  and
 mania.  Insanity, with an  irresistible propensity
 to steal.
   KLINOCEPHALIA, Clinocephalia.
   KLIPDAS, see Hvrax Capeusis.
   KLOPEMANIA, kleptomania.
   KNAP-KNEED, see Entogonyancon.
   KNARESBOROUGH, MINERAL WATERS
 OF, see Harrogate, mineral waters of.
   KNEADING,  Shampooing.
   KNEE, Genu.
   Knee, Housemaid's.  An inflammation of the
 bursa, which in most individuals is in front of the
 patella, and is apt to  inflame and enlarge from
 effusion in those in whom it is subjected to much
 pressure.  Hence its name. It is a form of cap-
 sular rheumatism.
   KNEE-HOLLY, Ruscus.
   KNEE-JOINT, Genu.
   KNEE SCAB, Crusta genu equinae—k. Encir-
 cled hoof. Crusta genu equinae.
   KNIFE.  Sax. cniF.  Swed.  Knif.   Dan.
 Kniv.  (¥.) Canifi.  Culter, Smile, Cultellue, To-
 mei'on, Tome'ue, Macha'ra, Machat'rion, Macha'-
 rie,  (¥.) Couteau.  A cutting instrument, used in
 surgery to divide the soft parts, and which only
 differs from the bistouri or scalpel in being usu-
 ally larger.
   "itie most common knives are the following:
   Knife, Amputa'tion, (F.) Couteau d  amputa-
 tion, G. droit, Culter reetua. This  is the largest
 of the knives used in  surgery.  Formerly, they
 were curved; now they are straight,  and pro-
 vided with one or two edges.
   Knife, Cat'aract, Ceratolornue, Keratolornue,
 (F.) Couteau <J cataracte.  The  cataract knives
 of Richter,  Wenzel, Ward,  and  others, being in-
 tended to perform the section of the transparent
 cornea, are so shaped as to exactly fill the small
 wound made by them; and thus to prevent the
 discharge of the aqueous humour, until the sec-
 tion is  completed.  The  blade of the knives of
 Wenzel and Ward resembles  a very narrow lan-
 cet,  blunt in the posterior five-sixths of one of its
 edges.   The blade of that  of Richter is  pyrami-
 dal,  cutting through the whole  length of its in-
 ferior edge, and also blunt  in the  five-sixths of
 the upper.
   Knife, Ches'elden's.  A  knife  with  a fixed
 handle;  very convex on its edge, concave on the
 back, which was used by Cheselden in lithotomy.
   Knife, Crooked, Culter falca'tua, Culter cur-
 i-i(8,  (F.) Couteau eourbe.   A  knife, which is
 crooked and concave on its  cutting edge.  It was
 formerly employed in amputation of the  limbs.
   Knife, Crotchet, Cultellue nnctie, (¥.)  Cou-
 teau d crochet.  A steel instrument, composed of
 a round staff, furnished with a handle at one  ex-
 tremity,  and at  the  other  with a  curved knife.
 It was  formerly used to cut to pieces monstrous
 fietuses in utero, and to open the head when ne-
 cessary.
   Knife, Double-Edged, Ancepa cultellue, Am-
 phis'mela, Amphie'mile, Catling, (¥.) Couteau d
 deux tranchane ou  dSsarticnlateur ou interoaseux.
 A  knife, the  blade of which  is straight and sharp
on both sides.   It is  used for disarticulating
bones:  and for cutting the soft parts situate  be-
tween the bones,  in  amputation  of the  leg and
forearm.                                      ;
   KNIFE EN SERPETTE. (¥.) Couteau en \
serpette.  A  sort  of knife, of the shape of a eer-
pette or pruuing-knife,  invented by Desault  for i
 dividing the  bony paries of the maxillary sinns,
 for the purpose of extracting fungi from it.
   Knife, Lentic'ular. Culter  lenticula'rie,  (¥.)
 Couteau  lenticulaire.  An instrument, U3ed in the
 operation of trepanning, for removing inequalities
 in the inner table of the skull, which  maj have
 been left by  the crown  of the trephine around
 the opening made by it.  It is  formed of a len-
 ticular button, fixed at the extremity of an  i-on
 staff, which  is convex on one side, flat  on  the
 other; sharp  at both edges, and  mounted on an
 ebony handle.
   Knife, Lithot'omy, (F.) Couteau lithotome.  A
 name, given  by  Foubert to a large knife,  the
 narrow  blade of  which,  four and a  half  inches
 in length, was sharp in its whole  extent,  and
 made an obtuse angle with the  handle.  He ustd
 it in the lateral operation.
   Knife, Polypus, Polypotome.
   Knife, Root-cutting.   In Pharmacy, a knife
 moving  on a joint at its pointed extremity, by
 which roots and  other ligneous matters are di-
 vided in pharmaceutical processes.
   KNIFE'SMAN, see Surgery, salvation.
   KNIT-BACK,  Symphytum.
   KNOBWEED. Collinsonia.
   KNOCK-KNEED, Entogonyancon.
   KNOT, Tubercle.
   Knot, Packer's,  (F.) Noeud d'emballeur.   A
 compressive bandage, used for  arresting hemo--
 rhage from the temporal artery or its  branches.
 The noeud d'emballeur is made with a double-
 headed roller, five ells long.  A graduated com-
 press is  placed over  the opening in the arter/,
 and  the bandage is applied  over it; the balls if
 the roller being carried horizontally round to the
 opposite  temple, where they are  crossed oblique'y
 and  carried back to the part where the compress
 is situate.  The hands are then  changed with the
 rollers, crossing them so as to  form  a knot, and
 taking one above  the head; the other beneath
 the chin.   They are  then crossed again, so as to
 form several  knots, one above  the other.  This
 bandage  is called, by some  surgeons, solar or
 oblique cheveatre or capistrum.
   Knot,  Surgeon's,  Nodus chirur'gicue, (F.)
 Noeud du chirurgien.  A double  knot  made  by
 passing the thread twice through the same noose.
 This knot is  used frequently in the  ligature of
 arteries, the umbilical cord, Ac.
   KNOTBERRIES, Rubus chamaemorus.
   KNOTGRASS, Polygonum aviculare.
   KNOTROOT, Collinsonia Canadensis.
  KNOTWEED,  Collinsonia Canadensis, Poly-
 gonum aviculare.
  KNOWLTON'IA VESICATO'RIA.   Nat.
 Order, Ranunculaceae. An acrid  plant of  South
 Africa, used by the Cape  colonists as a blister in
 rheumatism.
  KOINO-MIASMATA, see Miasm.
  KOKUM, Garcinia purpurea — k.  Butter, see
 Garcinia purpurea.
  KOLERUS, a name given by Paracelsus to a
 dry ulcer.
  KOLPORRAPHY, Elytrorrhaphy.
  KOLTO, Plica.
  KOOCHLA TREE, Strychnos nux vomica.
  KOOSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica.
  KOPYOPIA, see Copyopia.
  KORIS, Cimex.
  KOSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica.
  KOUMIS, Kumyss.
  KOUSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica.
  KRAME'RIA, Krameria  triatldra, Crame'ria,
Rutan'hia, Rhatatlia. Rxt'auhy, (¥.) Ratanhie,
— S<x. Syet.  Teirandria Monogynia, Nat. Ord.
Pi'lygaleae.—is a native of Java.   The root, Kru-
me'ria (Ph.  U. £>.), has a  bitter  taste; and  is 
KREASOTON
521
LABIA  CUNNI
astringent, diuretic, and detergent.  Dose,  3j
to3J.
  Krame'ria Ixi'na-or Ratanhy of the Antillee
has similar virtues.
  KREASOTON, Creasote.
  KRRATIO NAUSEA, see Nausea.
  KREATINE, Creatine.
  KREATININE, see Creatine.
  KREATOPHAGOUS, Carnivorous.
  KREOSOTON, Creasote.
  KRETINISMUS, Cretinism.
  KRIEBELKRANKHEIT,  Convulsio  ce-
realis.
  KRONE,  Crown.
  KRYSTALLINE, see Crystalline.
  KUA  KAHA, Curcuma longa.
  KUMYSS, Koumyee, Koumie.   A beverage
used  in  families by  the  people of  Yakutz.   It
resembles sour buttermilk, without being greasy.
According to Sir George Simpson, it is prepared
in a very simple way from mare's milk, which is
merely allowed to stand for some days in a lea-
thern churn till it becomes sour.  It is theu bot-
tled for use.   This drink is rather nutritious than
exhilarating; but from  the same  material  the
Burats and the Kirghez prepare an  intoxicating
spirit in  which they indulge to excess.
  KUSSAUDER, Convolvulus panduratus.
  KUTKULEJA, Caesalpinia bonducella.
  KUTOOKURUNJA, Caesalpinia bonducella.
  KUTUBUTH.  An Arabic name for a species
of melancholy in which the patient is never quiet
at  any one  place,  but  wanders about here and
there,  see Cuttubuth.  Also, the name of an in-
sect,  which  lives  at  the surface  of stagnant
waters, and  is in a constant state  of agitation.
Some  lexicographers imagine that it  is  on  ac-
count of this last circumstance, that the name of
the insect has been given  to the disease.
  KWOSO,  Hagenia Abyssinica.
  KYANOSIS, Cyanopathy.
  KYAPUTTY, Caieput.
  KYESTEINE, Kiesteine.
  KYESTINIC, Kiestinic
  KYLLOPODIA, Kyllosis
  KYLLOSIS, from kvXXos, 'crooked,'  'lame.'
Cyllo'eie, Kyllopod'ia.   Professor Chaussier so
calls  congenital distortion of the feet, Clubfoot,
Poltfoot, Stumpfoot, (Prov.) Pummel-foot, Tal-
ipes,  (¥.) Pied  bot.   Of this  there are many
varieties. In one, the foot,  instead of resting on
the soil,  by the whole plantar surface, touches it
only with the metatarso-phalangian articulations.
It seems as  if turned backwards and broken upon
the leg,  (Pes seu  Talipes Equi'nus, Hip'popue,
Oxypod'ia,  Tip-foot, Horeefoot.)  In other cases
the  foot  is  twisted  inwards,  ( Varue, Talipes
varue, Blaeop'odee, Bla'aopua, Cylloepua, Cyllop'-
oda, Cyllopod'ion, Lo'ripea,  Croaafoot,  (¥.) Cag-
neux,) so that it rests only  on the ground on its
  LABARIUM, from labi, 'to fall.'  Looseness
of the teeth.
  LABDACISMUS, Lallation.
  LABDAMEN, Cistus creticus.
  LABDANUM, see Cistus creticus.
  LABE, from Xa0w, Xap0avw, 'I  seize, 'I take,'
'the act of  grasping.'  Invasion.   Also,  em-
 outer  edge;  or  it may be  twisted  outwards,
 ( Valgus,  Talipes Valgue,  Out-bow-fioot,) or res;
 only on its inner edge, or on the back part of the
 heel,  Talipes calca'neus, Heel clubfoot.  In  the
 fiatfoot or splayfoot, Duck-foot, Splat-foot, Sar'-
 aptte,  Plat'ypu8, Platypodia, {¥.)  Pied plat, the
 plantar surface of the foot is flattened instead of
 being concave.
   These deformities are rarely accidental.  They
 are almost always congenital, and may be rec-
 tified, at  an early  period, by  proper  mechanical
 means to  strengthen the foot gradually and re-
 store it to its proper shape and direction ; and if
 these  means  fail, the tendons and muscles  con-
 cerned in  the deformity may be divided.
   KYMOGRAPH'ION,   Cymograph'ion;  from
 Kvpa,  'wave,' and  ypatpw, 'I describe.'  A wave
 describer or measurer.'   An instrument invented
 by Ludwig, which is self-registering, and exhibits
 the relation between the waves of the pulse and
 the undulations produced by respiration.
   KYNA, Pastinaca opoponax.
   KYPHOSIS, see Cyphosis—k.  Inflammatoria,
 Vertebral disease — k. Paralytica, Vertebral dis-
 ease.
   K Y S T, Cyet, Kyatia, Cystia, from  kvotis,  ' a
 bladder/  'pouch.'  (¥.)  Kyate.  This term is ge-
 nerally applied to a pouch or sac,— Cysto'ma,—
 without opening, and commonly of a membranous
 nature, which is accidentally developed in one of
 the natural cavities, or in the substance of organs.
 Many theories have been successively emitted to
 explain the  formation of cysts, but none are en-
 tirely satisfactory.   Some are formed by a thin,
 translucent membrane, having scarcely the thick-
 ness of the arachnoid; others of a whitish, fibro-
 cellular membrane,  more or less thick.  Some
 contain cartilaginous or bony flakes.   The greater
 part have but one cavity; others, on the contrary,
 have several, separated by complete or imperfect
 septa, as  is frequently seen  in those developed in
 the ovaries.  The  matter contained  in cysts is
 sometimes limpid,  serous, yellowish  white,  red-
 dish, and, at others, more or  less thick, albumi-
 nous,  adipous, or caseous.  The tumour, formed
 by them, is called Encysted.
   KYSTE, Kyst — k.  AnSvryamal,  Aneurismal
 sac.
   KYSTEIN, Kiesteine.
   KYSTHI'TIS, Cysthltis, from kvoSos, 'the va-
 gina.'  Inflammation  of the  vulva and of  the
 mucous membrane of the vagina.
   KYSTITOME,  Cystitome.
   KYSTHOPTOSIS, from kvoSos, 'the vagina/
 and ttitttw, ' I fall.'  Prolapsus or inversion of the
 vagina.
   KYTE, Abdomen, Stomach.
   KYTTARRHAG"IA, from  Kvrrapiov, 'an alve-
 olus/ and payw, or pnywpi, 'I break forth.'   Dis-
I charge of blood from an alveolus.
ployed to denote the first paroxysm  of fevers. —
Galen, Hippocrates.
  LABEO, Chilon.
  LABES, Chilon, Macula.
  LABIA CUNNI, Lips of the vulva—1. Interna
seu Minora, Nymphae — 1. Majora,  Lips of  the
vulva — 1. Pudendi, Lips  of the vulva — 1. Pu-
dendi minora, Nymphae.
L. 
LABIAL                 522               LACERUM
  LABIAli. Labia'Us, from labium, 'a lip.'
  LABIAL, Orbicularis oris.
  Labial Artery.  Haller and Sabatier call thus
the facial artery of the majority of anatomists.
The labial arteriea, properly so called, coronary
arteriea of the lipa, (¥.) Coronaires des levree, are
two  in  number.  The  euperior arises  from the
facial, above, and very close to, the commissure
of the lips.  It is large and  tortuous, and is dis-
tributed to the upper lip.  The  lower arises from
the facial, at  a considerable distance  from the
commissure, and proceeds, in a serpentine course,
into the substance of the lower lip, to which it is
distributed.
  Labial Glands.  This name is given  to a mul-
titude of muciparous follicles, of some size, round,
prominent, and separate from each  other,  which
are found on the inner  surface of the lips, below
the mucous membrane.
  Labial Veins are distinguished, like the arte-
ries, into auperior and inferior.   They open  into
the facial vein :—a division of the internal jugular.
  LABIALIS.  Orbicularis oris.
  LABIDOMETER, Labimeter.
  LABIM'ETER. (F.) Labi mitre ou Labidoml-
tre,  from XaQis. Xafftios,  'forceps,' and  ptrpov,
' measure.'   A  scale adapted to the handles of
the forceps,  which indicates the distance  of the
blades from each other, when applied to the head
of the child  in  utero.
  LABIS, Forceps.
  LABIUM, Lip—1. Leporinum, Harelip — 1.
Uteri, Amphideum.
  LABLAB, Dolichos lablab.
  LABORANS. Sick.
  LABORATOIRE, Laboratory.
  LABORATORIUM.  Laboratory —1.  Chymi-
cum seu pharmaceuticum, see Pharmacopoeia.
  LAB'ORATORY, Laborato''rium, Ergaete'rion,
(F.) Laboratoire, from laborare,  laboratum, 'to
work.'   A  work-shop.   A place for preparing
chemical or pharmaceutical products, Ac.
  LABORIOUS, Sick.
  LABO'RIOUS.  Delivery is  said  to be labo-
rious, Partus  laborio'ette, Mogoetoc'ia,  (¥.)  Ac-
couchement laborieux, when attended with more
difficulty and suffering than usual.  With  some,
laborione labour means one that requires the use
of instruments.  See Dystocia.
  LABOUR. Parturition.
  Labour Chair.   Obetelric chair.  A chair, in
which a parturient woman is placed during de-
livery.
  Labour,  Complicated,  see Parturition — 1.
Difficult, Dystocia — 1. Dry,  Partus siccus — 1.
Forced, see  Parturition — 1.  Impracticable, see
Parturition—1.  Morbid, Dystocia.
  Labour Pains, see  Pains.
  Labour, Powerless, see Parturition—1. Pre-
mature, Parturition, (premature)—1. Preternatu-
ral, Metatocia, see Parturition.
  Labour Show, see Parturition.
  LABRISULCIUM. Cheiiocace, Stomacace.
  LABRUM, Lip—* Cerebri, Infundibulum of
the brain.
  LABRUSCA. Bryonia alba.
  LAB'YRINTH, Labyrinth'ite, Antrum  bucci-
no'sum.   A  place, full of turnings, the exit of
which  is  not  easily discoverable.   Anatomists
have given this name to the aggregate of parts,
constituting  the internal ear, Labyrinth'ue auris
in'tima,  In'tima  pars or'gani audltus,  Laby-
rinth'ic  cavity  of the ear.   The  Labyrinth  is
situate  between the tympanum and meatus audi-
torius internus.   It is composed  of several ca-
vities, which communicate with each other in the
dried bone;  as the veetibule, cochlea, eemicircular
canals, Ac.  It is lined by periosteum, and  also
by a pulpy membrane,  constituting  the membra-
 uoue labyrinth, on which- the auditory  nerve  is
 regularly dispersed.  This membrane forms two
 sacks in  the  vestibule, called eac'culue veetib'uli
 and  aac'culiia,  respectively, which  resemble  in
 shape that of the bony cavities containing them.
 Each sac contains calcareous matter, constituting
 the 0tolith8  and Otoconiee.   When the sac  is
 laid open, upon the upper and outer part, a par-
 tition appears, partaking of the nature of the sac,
 and called by Meckel, Septum veatib'uli nervo'eo-
 membrana' ceum.
   Labyrinth is also applied to the lateral portions
 of the  ethmoid bone, which are formed of  large
 irregular cells.
   Labyrinth, Membranous, see Labyrinth.
   LABYRINTH'IC, Labyrinth'icue, (¥.) Laby-
 rinthique.  Relating  or appertaining to the  laby-
 rinth.
   Labyrinthic Cavity of the Ear, Labyrinth.
   LABYRINTHUS, Labyrinth —1. Auris  Inti-
 niae,  see Labyrinth.
   LAC, Lacca, Laqueue,  Milk — 1.   Ammoniaci,
 Mistura ammoniaci—1. Amygdalae, Emulsio amyg-
 dalae—1. Asafoetidae,  Mistura asafoetidae—J.  Avis,
 Albumen ovi—1. Guaiaci, Mistura Guaiaci.
   Lac, Gum, Lacca.
   Lac  LuNyE, Marga Candida—1. Maris, Sperm—
 1. Pressum,Curd—1. Primum Puerperae,Colostrum.
   Lac Seed, Lacca  — 1. Shell, Lacca — 1. Stick,
 Lacca.
   Lac  Sulphuris, Sulphur praecipitatum—l.Ter-
 rae, Magnesiae carbonas—1.Virginia* Virgin's  milk.
   LACAPH'THON.   Supposed  to  be the  bark
 of some  fir  or  other tree. It entered  into the
 composition  of the Cyphi, used in fumigations—
 Paulus of JEgina,  Supposed to be the Narcaph'-
 thum or Naacaph'thum.—Ruellius.
   LACCA, from lakah, Arab. Gummi lacca, Stick,
 Gum,  Seed,   or  Shell,  lac, (¥.) Laque, Gomme
 Laque.  Lac is a substance formed  by an insect,
 and deposited on different  species of trees, chiefly
 in the  East  Indies,  for  example, on Croton lac-
 ciferum, and two  species of Ficus, — Ficus reli-
 gio'aa,  and F. In'dica.  The  various kinds, dis-
 tinguished in commerce, are  etick-lac, which  is
 the substance in its  natural state, investing the
 small twigs  of the tree; and  eeed-lac, which  is
 the same broken off. When  melted, it is called
 ehell-lac.
   Lac  was, at one  time,  used in the  form of tinc-
 ture, as a tonic and astringent; and it still forms
 part of particular dentifrices.
   LACERA'TION, Lacera'tio, Rhege, Rheg'mue,
 Rhegma, Ruptu'ra, Rupture, from lacerare,  lace-
 ratum,  'to tear:' — Dilacera'tio, Sparag'ma, (¥.)
 Arrachement, DSchirement, DilacSration, Broie-
 ment. The act of tearing or rending.  The breach
 made  by tearing  or rending;  as  a lacerated
 wound, Treeie  rulnue   lacera'tum,  Laceratu'ra,
 Vulntia laceratum.
   LACERATURA, see Laceration.
   LACERTA, Lizard—1. Aquatica,  see Ectozoa.
   LACERTI  CORDIS,  Columna?   carneae__-l.
 Musculorum, see Muscular fibre.
   LACERTOSUS, Muscular.
   LACERTULI CORDIS, Columna? carneae.
   LACERTUS, Brachium, Muscle,  see Muscular
 fibre.
   LACERUM.  Same  etymon as  Laceration.
 Any thing torn, or appearinc  as if torn.
   Lac"erum Fora'men  Ante'rils,  (F.)  Trou
 dSchirS antSrieur,  Hiatue aphSno-pStreux,  (Ch.)
 is an irregular opening,  formed by the sphenoid,
 occipital and petrous  portion of the temporal  bone.
 It is closed by cartilage, and forms a  kind  of
 fontanelle,  situated  at  the termination of the
I petro-occipital suture.
   Lacerum  Foramen Poste'rius,  Foramen ,;,.
I gttla're, F. lacerum  in Baai  Cra'nii, (¥.)  Trom
t 
LACHANON
523
LACTIC
HchirS poatSrieur, Hiatna  occipiio-petreux, (Ch.)
i* formed  by the occipital bone, and the inferior ii
*dge of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. I
Through it, the internal jugular vein, the eighth
pair of nerves, and  accessory nerve pass out of
the cranium.
  Lacerum  Foramen  Superius,   Sphenoidal
fissure.
  LACH'ANON, from Aa^aivu,  «I  dig.'  A pot
herb : Olua. pi. Olera, a vegetable used as food.
  LACHESIS PICTA, see Arrow-poison.
  Lachesis Rhombea'ta, Fla^mon.  A  poison-
ous serpent common in the lower forests of Peru.
  LACHNANTH'ES  TINCTO'RIA,  Dila'trie
tincto'ria, Redroot; indigenous. Ord. Haemodo-
racea?, (from Xa\vn,  ' wool,' and avSos, 'a flower,'
owing to  its woolly flowers.)  The  root is as-
tringent and tonic.
  LACHRY^MA, Tear; see Vitis vinifera.
  LACH'RYMAL,  Lacryma'lia, from  lacryma,
'a tear.'  Belonging to the  tears.   This epithet
is given to various parts.
  Lachrymal Apparatus, see Lachrymal Pas-
sages.
  Lachrymal  Artery proceeds from the oph-
thalmic ; and distributes its principal branches to
the lachrymal gland.
  Lachrymal Canal or  Duct, Naeal  Canal or
duct,  Cana'lis lacryma'lis seu or'bita naaa'lie seu
Sacci lacryma'lie, Ductile  ad Naeum seu Nasa'-
lis  orbita, is formed by  the superior maxillary
bone, os unguis, and os turbinatum inferius; and
is seated in the outer  paries of the  nasal fossae.
It is lined by a prolongation of the mucous mem-
brane of  the lachrymal  sac;  and  its inferior
orifice is  furnished  with a valvular duplicature.
This  duct transmits the tears, which have been
absorbed  at the great  angle of  the  eye by the
puncta lacry malia, into the nasal fossae.
  Lachrymal  Caruncle, see Caruncula lacry-
malis.
  Lachrymal Duct, Lachrymal Canal.
  Lachrymal Fossa, Fossa  seu Fo'vea lacryma'-
lia, is a slight depression at the upper part of the
orbit, which lodges the lachrymal gland.
  Lachrymal Gland, Glan'dula lacryma'lia seu
innomina'ta Gale'ni, is  seated in a depression of
the frontal bone at the upper, anterior, and outer
part of  the  orbit.   It is of about the size of an
almond; and of an oval shape, flattened above
and below :—its great diameter being the antero-
posterior.  It is composed of several small lobules,
united by areolar tissue, and separated  by it as
well as by vessels and nerves which creep in the
intervals,   This gland has seven or eight excre-
tory ducts, which open behind the upper eyelid.
Its uee is to secrete  the tears, and pour them on
the globe  of the eye by the excretory ducts.
  Lachrymal Groove, (F.) Gouttilre lacrymale,
is the bony channel, which lodges the lachrymal
sac  It is seated at the anterior and inner part
of the orbit, and is  formed by the os unguis  and
the ascending process of the upper jaw bone.
  Lachrymal Hernia, Lachrymal Tumour, Her'-
nia Sacci Lacryma'lie, is when the tears enter the
puncta, but cannot pass to the nose, and accumu-
late.  By Anel,. this was called Dropay of the La-
crymal sac.
  Lachrymal Nerve is tbe smallest of the three
branches formed by the ophthalmic nerve.  It is
distributed,  particularly, to the lachrymal gland
and to the upper eyelid.   In its course it gives
off  a epheno-ma.rillary and a malar filament.
  Lachrymal Papilla, see  Lachrymal Puncta.
  Lachrymal Passages, Via lacryma'les, (¥.)
Voiee lacrymalee.  The organs concerned in the
secretion  of tears,  in  spreading them  over the
eye, and taking them up again to transmit them
into the nasal fossae.   The  lachrymal  passages I
are composed  of the lachrymal gland, caruncle;
puncta, ducte,  lachrymal aac, and  naeal dun,
which, together, form the luchiymal appara'tua,
(¥.) Appareil lacrymal.
  Lachrymal Puncta, Puncta Lacryma'lia, Spi-
ram'ina Palpebra'rum,  (F.) Points lacrymau.r,
are two small,  round, and  contractile openings,
situate in the centre of  a tubercle or papi'la, Pa-
pilla  lacryma'lie, Tuber'culum lacryma'le, about
a line and a half distant from the inner commi>-
sure of the eyelids, and continuous with the  la-
chrymal ducts.  These  ducts, Lacryma'les Cana-
lic'uli, Cana'les seu Ductus lacryma'les, Ductus
lacrymales latera'les seu puncto'rum lacryma'Hum,
Cor'nua lacryma'lia seu lima'cum, Collie'ia punc-
to'rum lacryma'lium, Canalic'uli lima'cum, (¥.)
Conduits lacrymaux, are two in number—a supe-
rior and an inferior — which extend from  the
puncta to the lachrymal sac.  They seem formed
by a very  delicate  prolongation of the conjunc-
tiva, which is continuous with the mucous mem-
brane  of the lachrymal sac,  (¥.) Reservoir  dea
larmes :—the Saccue seu Sinus seu Lacus lacry-
ma'lia, Dacryocya'tis, Infundib'ulum lacry ma'le.
  Lach-rymal Tubercle, see Lachrymal puncta.
  Lachrymal Veins  accompany  the  artery of
the same name, and open into the ophthalmic and
palpebral veins.
  LACHRYMATION,  Lacrymatio — 1. Sangui-
neous, Dacryhaemorrhysis.
  LACI'NIA, ' a hem or fringe.'
  LACUSHLE TUBARUM FALLOPII, see Tube,
Fallopian.
  LAC1S, Plexus.
  LA CM US, Lichen roccella.
  Lacmus Tinctorius,  Lichen roccella.
  LACONICUM, Vaporarium, see Stove.
  LACQ, Laqueus.
  LACRIMA, Tear.
  LACRUxMA,  Tear.
  LACRYMA,  Tear.
  LACRYMALIS, Lachrymal.
  LACRY'MA'TIO,  Lachryma'tion,   Epiphora.
Also, a profuse secretion of tears from any cause:
—weeping, Fletue,  Plora'tio, Plora'tue.
  LACRYMINE, see Tears.
  LACTALBUMEN, Casein.
  LACTANS, Nurse.
  LACTA'RIUM, Lacticin'ium; from lac, 'milk.'
Food prepared from milk.   Milk diet or food.
  LACTATE DE FER, Ferri lactas—I. de Qui-
nine, Quiniae lactas.
  LACTA'TION, Lacta'tio,  Thela'ais, Thelaa'mus,
from lacto, lactatum, (lac, 'milk,') 'I suckle/ 'I
give milk.'   Suckling :—the giving of suck, (¥.)
Allaitement.  The French make four varieties of
lactation.   1.  Allaitement  maternal — Maternal
Lactation, when the mother  suckles the child. 2.
A. Stranger mercenaire, — when  another suckles
it.  3.  A. artificiel, when the child is brought up
by hand. 4. A.  animal,  when the child is suckled
by an animal.
  LACTE, Lactic.       .,
  LACTEAL, Lactic — 1.  Sac,  see Lactifeioua
vessels.
  LACTEALS, Chyliferous  vessels.
  LACTEIN, Milk, solidified.
  LACTENS, Sucking child.
  LACTES, Mesentery, Pancreas.
  LACTEUS, Lactic.
  LACTIC,  Lac'teue,   Galae'ticue,   Galac'tinue,
lacteal,  milky,  (¥.) LactS, Laiteux,  from  lac,
lactis,  'milk.'   Appertaining  to, or resembling
milk.
  Lactic Acid, Ae'idum Lac'teum seu Lactie seu
Lac'ticum, Acid of milk, Galac'tic, Nan'ceic or
Ca'seic Add, (¥.) Acide Lactique.  This has been
recommended as a therapeutical  agent in  atonia
dyspepsia, owing to its being presumed to be on* 
LACTICA                524           LJEMOSTENOSIS
of the gastric acids  secreted in health.   It  is
given either  in  the form  of lemonade  or of
lozenges.  The acid is obtained either from milk
or from the juice of the red beet.
  LACTICA. Typhoid.
  LACTICANS, Nurse.
  LACTICINIA, Parotid.
  LACTICINIUM, Lactarium.
  LACTIFERE. Lactiferous.
  LACTIF'EROUS, Galactoph'oroua, Lac'tifer,
(¥.) Lactiflre, from  lac, lacti8,  'milk/ and fiero,
' I carry.'  Milk-conveying.
  Lactiferous  Vessels, Lactifieroue or  Galac-
toph'oroue Ducte, Tn'buli lactiferi, Ductue lacti-
fieri seu lac'tei,  (¥.) Vaieseaux ou conduite lac-
tiflree, are the excretory ducts  of the mammary
gland, each of which, running towards the  nipple,
dilates  beneath  the areola  into an elongated
sacculus — the lacteal  or galaetophoroue aac, re-
ceptacle or einue—eac'culva seu einite lactiferua.
  Lactiferous  or Lacteal Swelling.   A tu-
mefaction of the breast, supposed by Sir  Astley
Cooper to arise from a large collection of milk in
one of the lactiferous tubes, the result of chronic
inflammation  of the tube near the nipple, with
closure of its aperture, and obliteration  of the
canal for an inch or more.   The tube requires to
be punctured.
  LACTIF'UGA,  Lac'tifitge,  from  lac,   lactie,
'milk,'  and fiugo, 'I  drive  away.'  Medicines
which dispel  milk.
   LACTIGO, Porrigo larvalis.
   LACTINE, Sugar of milk.
  LACTIN'IA,  from lac,  lactie, 'milk.'   Food
prepared with milk.
  LACTIPOTOR, Galactopotes.
  LACTIS CONCRETIONES, Infarctus  Mam-

  LACTISREDUNDANTIA, Galactia—1. Re-
tentio, Galactischesis—1. Sanguinolenti  Excretio,
Galactohaemia.
  LACTISUGIUM, Antlia lactea.  *
   LACTIVORUS, Galactophagous.
   LACTOCELE, Galactocele.
  LACTOLINE, Milk, solidified.
  LACTOMETER, Galactometer.
   LACTOSE, Sugar of milk.
  LACTU'CA, from lac, lactie, ' milk ;' so called,
from its milky juice.  Lactuca Sativa, Lettuce,
 Garden Lettuce,  Eitnu'chium Meco'nie,  Thridax,
Cherbae, (¥.) Laitue ordinaire.  Ord.  Compos.ita?,
is used as a wholesome  salad.  The seeds pos-
sess a quantity  of oil, which, when formed into
an emulsion, has been advised in ardor urinae, Ae.
  The inspissated juice, Lactuca'rium, Thrid'ace,
 Lettuce opium, resembles, in odour and appear-
ance, that of opium, and is, like it, narcotic, but
uncertain. Dose, gr. j to x, and more.
   Lactuca Elongata, see  L. virosa—1. Graveo-
lens, L. virosa — 1. Floridana, Mulgedium  Flori-
danum.
   Lactuca  Scari'ola, L. Sylvee'trie,  Scariola,
(¥.)  Laitue  Scariole  ou  Sauvage, possesses  a
stronger degree  of bitterness than L. sativa.  It
has similar virtues with Z.  viro'ea.
  Lactuca Sylvestris,  L. scariola—1. Villosa,
Mulgedium acuminatum.
  Lactuca Viro'sa, L.grav'eolene, Strong-ecented
Lettuce, (¥.)  Laitue  vireuee.  The odour  of this
plant, the leaves of which are used in medicine.
is strongly narcotic,  and the taste bitter.   They
are  narcotic,  diuretic,  and  aperient; and have
been used in  dropsies.  Lactu'ca elonga'ta, Wild
Lettuce of the United States, has been employed
for L. virosa.
  LACTUCARIUM, see Lactuca.
  LACTUCTMEN, Aphthae.
  LACTUCIMINA, Aphthae.
  LACTUMEN, Porrigo larvalis.
  LACTUMINA, Aphthae.
  LACU'NA, Canalic'ulua,  diminutive  of lacue,
'a lake or deep ditch.'  A  Fosea  or Ditch.  A
small cavity in a mucous membrane, the parietes
of which secrete  a  viscid humour.  It  is  used
synonymously with crypt.   Also,  the external
opening of such cavity.
  Lacuna, Crypta,  Fontanella — 1.  Cerebri, In-
fundibulum of the brain, Pituitary gland.
  Lacuna  seu  Sulcus seu  Sul'culus  La'bii
Superio'ris, Amab'ile, Amato'rium,  Philtrum,
Phile'trum.  The hoUow of the upper lip under
the nose.
  Lacuna Magna, see Urethra.
  Lacunae, see Urethra.
  Lacunae of Bone. Certain dark stellate spots,
with thread-like  lines radiating from them, seen
under a high magnifying  power.  These were at
first believed to be solid osseous or bone corpuedei
or cells, Oorpue'cula oe'eium,  Corpueclee of  Pur-
kinje, (¥.) Cellulee dee oe ou oeeeuses, Corpusculet
des os  ou noirs ou ramifiSs  ou calcaires, OstSo-
plaetee; but are now regarded as excavations in
the bone — Sae'culi chalicoph'ori — with minute
tubes or canalieuli proceeding from tbem, and
communicating with the Haversian canals.   The
lacunae and canalieuli are  fibres concentrated ic
the transit of nutrient fluid through the osseous
tissue.
  Lacunae Graafia'n^e, L. muco'ea vulva.  The
mucous follicles of the vagina.
  Lacunae Mucosae VuLViE,  L. Graafianae — L
Palpebrarum, Meibomius, glands of.
  LACU'NAR, La'quear, ' an arched roof.'   The
roof of a chamber.  Hence,
  Lacu'nar Or'bit^e.  The  roof of the orbit.
  Lacunar Ventriculi Quarti Superior, Val-
vula Vieussenii.
  LACUNE DE LA LANGUE, Caecum  fora-
men.
  LACUS LACRYMALIS, Lachrymal sac
  Lacus Lacryma'rum.   A small  space in the
inner angle of the eye between the  lids, towards
which the tears flow, and at which the triangular
canal formed between the closed lids terminates.
  LADA, Piper nigrum.
  LADANUM, see Cistus creticus.
  LADENDO, Influenza.
  LADIES  MANTLE, Alchemilla.
  LADIES' SLIPPER, SHOWY,  Cypripedium
spectabile — 1.  Slipper, stemless,   Cypripedium
acaule—1. Slipper, yellow, Cypripedium luteum.
  LADIES' SMOCK, Cardamine praetensis.
  LADRE, Leprous.
  LADRERIE (¥.), from ladre, 'a leper.'   (F.)
LSproeerie,  Maladrerie.   A  vulgar  name for
elephantiasis, or lepra. Also, an hospital for the
reception  of the leprous, Leproea'rium, Domue
leprosa'ria. Leper hospital.
  LADYBIRD, Coccinella septempunctata.
  LADYBUG, Coccinella septempunctata.
  LADYCOW, Coccinella septempunctata.
  LADY  CRESPIGNYS  PILLS, see  Pilnlse
Aloes et Kinae Kinae.
  Lady Hesketh's Pills, see Pilulae Aloes et
Kinae Kinae.
  Lady Webster's Pills, see Pilulae Aloes et
Kinae Kinse.
  LADY'S THUMB, Polygonum persicaria.
  L^EDENS, pi. Laden'tia, from lado, 'to hurt.'
Any thing hurtful or injurious, as to the economy.
  L^MOPARALYSIS, ffisophagopiegia.
  L^EMOS, Pharynx.
  L-33MOSCIR'RHUS, Cancer pharyn'gis et
cesoph'agi, Lamoeteno'eie seu Dyepha'gia ecirrho'-
sa;  from  Xatpos,  'the  pharynx  or  oesophagus.*
Cancer of the pharvnx or oesophagus.
  L.EMOSTENOSIS,  Dysphagia   constricta —
1. Stirrhosa, Laemoscirrhus. 
LiESIO                  525      LAMINARIA  DIGITATA
  LiESIO, Lesion —1. Continui, see Continuity, i|
solution of.                                    i
  L.ETIFICAN'TIA,  from latifico  (latue,  and !
facio). • I make glad.'   Medicines  formerly used
as cordials, in depression of spirits, Ac.
  L^EYIGATIO, Levigation.
  LiEVITAS INTESTINORUM, Lientery.
  LAGENTOMUM, Harelip.
  LAGNEA, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm.
  LAGNEIA, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm.
  LAGNESIS, Furor Femininus, Nymphoma-
nia—1. Furor masculinus, Satyriasis —1. Salaci-
tus, 5rf yiiasis.
  LAGNEUMA,  Coition, Sperm.
  LAGNIA.  Satyriasis.
  LAGNOSIS, Satyriasis.
  LAGOCHEILUS, Harelip.
  LAGONES. Flanks.
  LAGONOPONOS, Pleurodynia.
  LAGONTOMUM, Harelip.
  LAGOPHTHAL'MIA,  from Xayos,  'a hare,'
aud o'pdaXpos, 'an  eye'   Lagophthal'mm, Leporl-
nne Oc'ulue, Hare'e Eye; (¥.)  OZil de Lilvre.  A
visious arrangement of the upper eyelid, which
is so  retracted that it  cannot cover the globe of
the eye during sleep.   It  has been asserted that
this condition of  the eye  is natural in the hare
when asleep.
  LAGOPHTHALMUS,  Lagophthalmia, Geum
urbanum.
  LAGOSTOMA, Harelip.
  LAG TEETH, Molar teeth.
  LAI CHE,  Sarsaparilla Germanica — I.  dee Sa-
blea, Sarsaparilla  Germanica.
  LAIT, Milk—I. Adouciaeant, Looch  ex ovo —
I. d'Anease, Milk, asses' — /. d'Amandea, Emulsio
amygdalae — I. d'Aaaficetida, Mistura  asafrjetidae
— I. de Beurre, Buttermilk—/. de Brebie, Milk,
ewes' — I.  CaillS, Curds — I.  de  Chlvre, Milk,
goats'—I.  EpanchS, L. rSpandu — I. de  Femme,
Milk, human—I.  de Jument, Milk, mares'—I. de
Pottle, see Ovum.
  LAIT REPANDU, (F.) L. SpanchS.   A po-
pular expression  in France, under  which  is com-
prehended every kind of disease (and particularly
vague pains) occurring after delivery;  all being
ascribed  to diffusion or deposition of milk.
  LAIT DE TERRE, Magnesias earbonas — I.
de Vache, Milk of the  cow—I. Virginal, Virgin's
milk.
  LAITEUX, Lactic
  LAITERON DOUX, Sonchus oleraceus.
  LAITIAT, (¥.) Sour whey, in which different
wild fruits have been macerated. Said to be much
used in the Jura  as a refreshing drink.
  LAITUE ORDINAIRE, Lettuce—?. Sauvage,
Lactuca  scariola — I. Scariole, Lactuca  scariola
—I.  Vireuee, Lactuca virosa.
   LA'ITY, La'id; from Xaos, 'the people.' For-
merly, and  generally at the  present day, the
people as distinguished from the clergy.   Fre- !
quently,  however, employed in the sense of the
people as distinguished  from  those of the other
learned professions.  A layman is one of the laity.
   LAKEWEED, Polygonum hydropiper.
   LALIA, Voice, articulated.
  LALLA'TION,   Lalla'tio,  Lambdacie'mua,
Labdacia'mua,  Lullaby speech.  Sauvages  uses
this  term for a vicious pronunciation, in which
the letter L is improperly doubled, or softened,
or substituted for R,
  LAMAC, Acaciae gummi.
   LAMBDACISMUS, Lallation.
   LAMBDOID, Lambdoid'al, LamdoVdee, Lamb-
do'dee, Lambdo'ideus,  from the  Greek letter A,
Xaupia, and tiios, 'shape/ 'resemblance.'  Ana-I
tomists have given the name Lambdoidal Suture, |
Sutu'ra Lambdoida'lis seu lambdo'idee seu lamb- ,
do'idea seu Prora, to the  suture, formed by the
parietal bones and the occipital, because it re-
sembles the letter A, lambda, of the Greeks.  It
is the Occipitoparietal ettture, Suture  occipitale,
(Ch.)  In  this suture, the ossa Wormiana are
most frequently met with ;  and the denticulations
are most distinctly marked.
  LAMBEAU, Flap.
  LAMBITIVUM, Eclectos.
  LAMBKILL, Kalmia latifolia.
  LAMBKILLER, Andromeda mariana.
  LAME, Lamina — /. CornSe, Taenia  semicircu-
laris—I. Ruyechienne, Ruyschiana tunica.
  LAMELLA, Lamina—1. Plana, Planum os.
  LAMEL'LAR,  Lamello'sita, Lam'inated,  (¥.)
Lamelleux, Lamineux, composed of thin laminae
or leaves — as the Lamellar or laminated tiaaue ;
i. e. the areolar tieaue.
  LAMELLEUX, Lamellar.
  LAMENESS, Claudication.
  LAMIER,  Lamium album.
  LAM'INA, Lamella, (¥.) Lame.  A thin, flat
part of a bone, a plate or table, as the  cribriform
lamina or  plate of the ethmoid bone.  Lamina
and  Lamella  are  generally used synonymously;
although the latter is properly a diminutive of
the former.
  Lamina  Ciliaris, Ciliary zone.
  Lam'ina Ciner'ea.  A thin layer of gray sub-
stance, which forms the anterior part of the infe-
rior boundary of the  third ventricle of the brain.
  Lam'ina Cor'nea,  Ta'nia Tari'ni.   A yellow-
ish  band or a thickening of the  lining  membrane
of the ventricle,  by which  the vena  corporis
striati  is overlaid in  the lateral ventricle of the
brain.
  Lamina  Cribrosa,  Cribriform lamella — 1. Cri-
brosa ossis ethmoidei, see  CriblS — 1. Fusca, see
Sclerotic—1. Medullaris triangularis cerebri,  Lyra
—1. Papyracea, Planum os—1. Perforata anterior,
Locus  perforatus  an ticus—1. Perforata posterior,
see Tarini pons.
  Lamina  Peritonei Externa.  The outer la-
mina or fold of the peritonaeum.
  Lamina  Prima  Cutis, Epidermis.
  Lamina  Spira'lis, Septum  ecala seu  coch'lea
audito'ria.  A partition between the  scalae of
the cochlea.  The largest  part  of this, next the
modiolus, is formed of bone.  The remainder, or
that part next the opposite side  of the scalae, is
composed of a cartilaginous membrane, called, by
Valsalva, Zona seu Zo'nula Coch'lea.   By some
anatomists, the lamina is  divided into a Zona
oa'aea and  Z.  mollis.  By others, it is considered
to consist  of four  laminae, when examined with  a
strong glass:  a Zona  os'sea, next to the modiolus
— a Zona  coria'cea, on the outer side  of this :  a
Zona vesicula'ris — and a Zona membrana'cea,
which  is,  perhaps, the lining membrane of the
cochlea.   At  the apex of the cochlea, the lamina
spiralis terminates by a pointed hook-shaped pro
cess, ham'ultie lam'ina 8pira'lis.
  Lamina  of a Vertebra, see Vertebra.
  Lam'in^e  Dorsa'les, Doraal lamina.   Two
oval masses on each side of the primitive groove
of the embryo, which approach  so as  to form  a
groove, in which are  lodged the future  brain and
spinal marrow.
  Lamina? Spongioses Nasi, Turbinated bones.
  Lam'in* Ventra'les, L. viecera'lee.  Thick-
ened prolongations of the serous layer of the ger-
minal membrane,  which, by their union, form the
anterior wall  of the trunk  of the new being.
  LAMINA'RIA  DIGITA'TA, Tangle.  One of
the Algae  eaten in Scotland, and hawked about
the streets with the Pepper-dulse.
  The leaf of a sea-weed — a species of Lami-
naria — is  employed in the  Himalayas  under the 
LAMINATED             526             LAPIDILLUM
name of goitre leaf; so called because chewed by
Ihe inhabitants, where goitre prevails.
  LAMINATED, Lamellar.
  LAMINEUX. Lamellar.
  LA'MIUM ALBUM, L.folio'eum, Urtlcamor'-
\na, Galeop'eia Archangel ica, Dead  or  White
Arch'angel Nettle, (¥.) Ortie blanche ou  morte,
(S.) Daynettle, Lamier.  Ord.  Labiatae.   Infu-
sions of this  plant  have  been recommended in
uterine  hemorrhage, and  leucorrhoea.  It is  not
used.
   La'mium Amplexicau'le, Dead Nettle, Henbit;
naturalized; flowering from  May to October; is
regarded as tonic, diaphoretic, and laxative.
   Lamium  Foliosum,  L.  album — 1.  Montanum,
Melittis melissophyllum—1. Plinii, Melittis melis-
sophyllum—1. Rubrum, Galeopsis.
   LAMOTTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
thermal springs are in the department of Is§re,
France.   Temperature, 184°.
   LAMPOURDE. Xanthium.
   LAMPROPHO'NUS, from Xapirpos, 'clear,' and
tpwvn, ' voice.'  One who has a clear voice.
   LAMPSANA, Lapsana.
   LAMPYRIS NOCTILUCA, Cicindela.
   LANA PHILOS0PH0RUM, Zinci oxydum.
   LANARIA, Saponaria, Verbascum nigrum.
   LANCE DE MAURICEAU, (¥.)   An instru-
 ment invented  by Mauriceau for perforating the
 head of the fcetus.  A perforator.
   LANCELET, Lancet.
   LANCEOLA, Lancet.
   LANCET, Lance'ola,  Lancet'ta,  Schaate'rion,
 Scalpum  chirur'gicnm, Lance'let, (Prov.) Fame,
 (¥.) Lancette, — diminutive  of lancea. ' a lance.'
 A surgical instrument, used  in the  operation of
 pLlebotomy.  It  is composed of two parts, the
 handle, (F.) Chaeee,  and the blade, (¥.) Lame.
 Tho former is made of two small plates of ivory,
 bone, or shell, movable  on  the  blade for whose
 preservation they are intended.  The blade is
 formed of well-polished steel.  Lancets are made
 of different shapes ; some being broad-ehouldered
 — others, epear-pointed.   The  French  distin-
 guished three kinds : 1.  Lancette d grain d'orge,
 which, on account of  the almost oval shape of its
 point, makes a large  opening.  2.  The L. d lan-
 gue de  eerpent, which is very narrow towards the
 point;  and, 3.  L. d graind'avoine, which holds a
 medium station between the two former, and is
 generally preferred.
    The  Abece88 Lancet is merely a large lancet for
 the purpose of opening abscesses.
    The  employment of a lancet, for opening ab-
 Bcesses, Ac, is called Lancing.
    LANCETTA,  Lancet.
    LANCETTE, Lancet.
    LANCETTIER, (¥.)   A lancet-case.
    LANdNANT, Lancinating.
    LAN'CINATING, Lan'cinane, from lancinare,
 lanciiiatitm  (lancea,  'a lance/),  'to  strike or
 thrust  through.' (F.)  Lancinant, (substantive,
 Elancement.)  A species of pain, which consists  !
 in lancinations or shootings, similar to those that  \
 would  be produced by the introduction of a sharp  !
 instrument into  the  suffering part.  It is espe-
 cially in cancer that this kind of pain is felt.
    LANCING, see Lancet—1.  the Gums, DS-
 chaneaement.
    LAND'S  END, CLIMATE OF.  The climate
. of  the Land's End, in England, resembles that
 of the  south of Devonshire, but  is  more relaxing.
 It is considered  to be most  likely to prove bene-
 ficial in consumptive cases, in which the disease
 is accompanied by an irritated state of the pul-
 monary  mucous  membrane, producing  a  dry
 cough.  Where  the system  is relaxed, and the
 secretion from the lungs considerable, the climate,
 it is conceived,  will generally  prove injurious, i
As a brumal retreat, the southern coast of De-
vonshire would seem to be preferable to it.
  LANGEAC, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Aci-
dulous, mineral waters at Langeac, in the  de-
partment of Haute-Loire, France.  They are em-
ployed as  refrigerant, aperient,  and  diuretio.
They  contain carbonic acid, carbonates of sod*
and magnesia, and a little iron.
  LANGDEBEF, Anchusa officinialis.
  LANGENSCHWALBACH, Schwalbach.
  LAN'GII  AQUA  EPILEP'TICA,  Epilep'tic
 Water of Langiue, formerly employed against
epilepsy.   It was  composed of the flowers of con-
vallaria and lavender, Spaniah wine,  cinnamon,
nutmeg, mietletoe,  peony and dittany roote, long
pepper, cubeba, and roaemary flowere.
  LANGUE, Tongue — 1.  Abaiaaeur de la, Glos-
socatochus — I. de Carpe, Fish-tongue, see  Lever
— I. de Cerf, Asplenium  scoloperindum — I. de
 Cheval, Ruscus hypoglossum—I. de Chien,  Cyno-
glossum—I. de Serpent, Ophioglossum  vulgatum.
  LANGUEUR,  Languor.
  LANGUOR, Aph'eeie, Faintneee, (¥.) Langueur.
A species of atony, depression, or debility,  which
generally comes on slowly.
  LANGWORT,  Veratrum album.
  LANK, Inguen.
  LAN'TANA, Sage  Tree, Blueberry,  (F.) Call-
 lean.   The leaves of  this  indig-nous plant form
a fine-scented tea,  like L.  Camara or Bahamd
 Tea, and L. Pseudothe'a or Brazil Tea.  The tea
 is used as a diaphoretic.
  LANU'GO, Pili cutie, Pluma, from Ian a, 'wool.'
 The soft, fine hair on  different parts  of the body,
 especially of the young.
  Lanugo   Prima,  Geneias — 1. Pudendorum,
 Pubes—I. Siliquae hirsutae, see Dolichos pruriens
  LANUVIUM,  Vulva.
  LAON'ICA CURA'TIO seu CURA, from Xaos,
 'the  people.'  A  popular  mode  of  treating th«
 gout in the middle  ages, which consisted  in tin
 employment  of  local applications,  proper foi
 evacuating the morbific matter. [?]
  LAOS, Tin.
  LAPACTICUS, Cathartic, Laxative.
  LAPARA, Abdomen, Flanks, Lumbi.
   LAPARENTEROTOMIA, Laparo enterotomy
   LAPAROCE'LE,  from  Xairapa,  'the lumbar
 region,'  and KtfXn, 'rupture.'  Lumbar Hernia,
 through  a separation  of the fibres of the quadra-
 tus lumborum, and a protrusion  of the aponeu-
 rosis  of the transverse muscle on the  outside of
 the mass common to the sacro-lumbalis and  lon-
 gissimus dorsi.—Cloquet.
   LAPAROCYSTOTOMIA, see  Lithotomy.
   LAPARO-ELYTROTOMIA, Caesarean section.
   LAPARO-ENTEROT'OMY,  Lap'aro -entero-
 tom'ia, Laparenterotom'ia, from Xairapa, ' the lum-
 bar region,'  the  ' abdomen/ tvrtpov,  ' intestine,'
 and ropn> 'incision.'  The operation  of opening
 the abdomen and intestinal canal, for the removal
 of disease.
   LAPAROSCOPIA, Abdominoscopia.
   LAPAROTOMY.  Gastrotomy, especially when
 executed in the lumbar region.   See Gastrotomy.
   LAPATHOS,  Rumex  acutus — 1. Aquaticum,
 Rumex  hydrolapathum — 1. Chinense. Rheum —
 1.  Orientale,  Rheum—1. Sanguineum,  Rumex
 sanguineus—1. Unctuosum, Chenopodium bonus
 Henricus.
   LAPATHUM, Rumex acutus—1. Acutum, Ru-
 mex acutus—1.  Hortense, Rumex patientia—1.
 Pratense, Rumex aeetosus—1.  Scutatum, Rumex
 scutatus — 1. Sylvestre, Rumez  acutus, R. obtu-
 sifolius.
   LAPAXIS, Evacuation.
   LAPE, Mucus.
   L APIDIL'LUM, from lapis,' a stone.'  Blaaiua 
LAPILLATIO             527             LARYNGEAL
has given this name to a kind of scoop, used for
extracting stone from the bladder.
  LAPILLATIO, Lithia.
  LAPILLI  GLANDULE PINEALIS, see Pi-
neal gland.
  LAPIL'LUS, diminutive of lapie, ' a stone.' A
small stone;  gravel;  a grain of  sand.
  LAPIS,  Calculus'—1. Accipitrum, Hieracites
— 1. Aerosus, Calamina — 1. Ammoniaci, see  Am-
moniac gum—1. Animalis, Blood — 1. Armenius,
Melochites—1. Aureus,  Urine — 1. Bezoardicus,
Bezoar — 1. Caeruleus, Cupri sulphas — 1. Calami-
naris,  Calamina — 1. Carneolus,  Cornelian — 1.
Causticus, Potassa  cum calce, Potassa fusa — 1.
Collymus, JEtites— 1. Contrayervae, Pulvis  con-
trayervae compositus — 1. Cyanus, L. lazuli.
   Lapis Divi'nus, L. Ophthalmicue sen Ophthal-
micus  Sti. Iveeii. Caprum alumina'tum, (¥.) Pier-
re divine, (Cupri8itlphat., A/itmin., Potaaa. nitrat.
aa 3J-   Melt together,  adding at the end Cam-
phor.  -Jjss.)   Employed to make an eye-water,
gij ad aqua  ^iv.
   Lapis Fulmineus, Ceraunion — 1. Hematites,
Haematites—1. Heracleus,  Magnet—1. Infernalis,
Argenti nitras — 1. Infernalis alkalinus, Potassa j
fusa — 1. Infernalis  sive  septious, Potassa  cum
 calce—1. Judaicus,  Judaeus (lapis).
   Lapis Lazu'li, L. Cy'anue, Asulci, Laz'ulite,
 (¥.) Pierre  d'azur,  Outremer.   A stone,  of  a
 beautiful blue colour; opake;  and close-grained;
 fracture, dull.  It is composed of silex ; alumina;
 carbonate and sulphate of lime;  oxide of  iron,
 and water.   It was  formerly looked upon  as  a
 purgative and emetic, and  given in epilepsy.
   Lapis  Malucensis,  Bezoard of the  Indian
 porcupine — 1. Nauticus, Magnet — 1. Ophthalmi-
 cus, L. Divinus—1.  Ophthalmicus St. Ivesii, L.
 Divinus — 1. Phoenicites, Judaeus (lapis) — 1. Por-
 cinus, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine — 1.  Pru-
 nellae, Potassae nitras fusus sulphatis  paucillo
 mixtus — 1.  Sardius,  Cornelian —- 1.  Septicus,
 Causticum commune, Potassa fusa — 1. Specula -
 ris, S. lucidum — 1.  Syderitis, Magnet — 1.  Syri-
 acus, Judaeus (lapis) — 1. Vini, Potassae supertar-
 tras impurus.
   LAPPA, Arctium lappa, Galium aparine, Lip-
 pitudo— 1.  Minor,  Xanthium.
   LAPPULA HEPATICA, Agrimony.
   LAPSANA, Lamp'sana,  Na'pium,  Papilla'-
 rie herba, Dock-creases, Nipple-Wort, (Sc.) Bol-
 gan leaves, (¥.) Lampsane, Herbe aux Mamellee.
 This  plant  is a lactescent bitter.   It  has  been
 chiefly employed, however, as an external appli-
 cation to sore nipples, Ac.
    LAPSUS  PILORUM, Alopecia.            ^
    LAQ, Laqueus.
    LAQUE,  Lacca.
    LAQUEAR, Lacunar.
    La'quear Vagi'n.e, Fundue  Vagina (laquear,
 'the inward roof of  a  house').   The part of the
 vagina in which the  cervix uteri terminates.
    LA'QUEUS, Funis.  A cord, ligature or ban-
 dage, with  running knots;—a Nooae, a loop.   A
 fillet, Brochoa, Pitch'etoe, (¥.) Lac, Laq ou Lacq.
 The term is applied to a bandage or fillet of any
 kind, attached by means of a loop  upon  any
 part,  with the view of fixing  it; as in certain
 cases of labour, where a hand or foot  presents;
 or  to facilitate extension  in luxations  and  frac-
 tures.
    Also: — A prominent band in the brain,  Lem-
 nis'cua,  behind the  brachium  posterius of the
 corpora quadrigemina, which marks the course
 of the superior division of the fasciculus olivaria.
   Laqueus  Gut'turis. 'Noose of the throat.'
 Violent inflammation of the tonsils, in which the
 patient appears as if suffocated  by a noose.   Ac-
 cording to some, gangrenous cynanche.
   LARCH,  Pinus larix.
  LARD,  Adeps.
  LARDACE, Lardaceous.
  LARDA'CEOUS, Larda'ceue, Lar'deue, Lar-d'-
ifiorm, Lardifor'mie, (¥.) LardacS; from lardtim,
'lard/  the fat of  bacon.   An  epithet given to
certain organic alterations in the textures, who?a
aspect and consistence resemble  lard.  (F.) Tissue
lardacSe.  They constitute what has been termed
the Larda' ceone  or Choieeterine Disease. From
their waxy appearance the pathological condition
has been called Cero'ma.
  LARDEUS, Lardaceous.
  LARDIFORM, Lardaceous,
  LARDUM, Adeps.
  LARGE, Broad.
  LARIDUM, Adeps.
  LARIX,  Pinus larix — 1.  Communis, Pinus
larix — 1. Decidua, Pinus  larix—1.  Europaea, Pi-
nus larix—1. Pyramidalis, Pinus larix.
  LARKSPUR, BRANCHING, Delphinium con-
solida.
  LARME, Tear.
  LARMOIEMENT, Epiphora.
  LAROCHE  POSAY,  MINERAL  WATERS
OF.  Simple  suphurous  waters in the depart-
ment of Vienne, France.
  LAR'REA MEXICA'NA, L. glutino'sum, Ore'-
aeote plant.  Order, Zygophyllaceas.  A shrub,
growing in Arkansas, Southern Texas, New Mexi-
co, and Northern Mexico,  which  abounds  in a
strong-seented resinous matter; and  is used, ex-
ternally and internally,  in rheumatism, and in
syphilitic, and other pains.
  LARVA, Mask.  Also  the  larve, grub, or ver-
miform condition of an insect: the first change
it experiences after leaving the ovum.   Larves
of insects are occasionally developed in the  in-
testinal canal from ova swallowed.  See  Ectozoa.
  LAR VE, Mask.
  LAR VE, Masked.
  LAR YNGE, Laryngeal.
  LARYNGE'AL, Larynge'ue, (¥.)  LaryngS,
Laryngien.   Same etymon  as  Larynx.   That
which  belongs to the larynx.
  Laryngeal Arteries  are  given off from tho
thyroid arteries.
  Laryngeal  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfa LaryngSe,
are two in number;—a euperior and  an  inferior.
The euperior laryngeal nerve is given  off  from
the trunk of the pneumogastric,  at the upper
and deep part of the neck.  It passes downwards
and inwards, behind the  internal carotid artery,
and divides into two secondary branches;  the
one, external, which distributes  its filaments, on
the outside of the larynx,  to the sterno-thyroid,
hyo-thyroid, constrictor  inferior,  crico-thyroid
muscles,  Ac.   The  other, the  internal, which
crosses the  thyro-hyoid membrane,  and gives
filaments to the  epiglottis,  the mucous  mem-
branes  of the pharynx and larynx, to the aryte-
noid gland, the arytenoid and crico-thyroid mus-
cles, and  ultimately anastomoses with the inferior
laryngeal nerve.  The inferior laryngeal nerves
or  recur'rente,  Nervi  reversi'vi, Rameaux  Tra-
chSaux (Chaus.,)  arise from  the  trunk of the
pneumogastric within the thorax.  They ascend
in the furrow, which separates  the trachea  from
the  oesophagus, to be distributed on the neck,
after having been  reflected ;—the left around the
arch of the aorta; the right, around the corre-
sponding subclavian.  They send off filaments
to the cardiac  plexuses;  to  the parietes of the
oesophagus, and trachea; to  the thyroid gland ;
to the inferior constrictor  of the  pharynx; the
posterior  and lateral  crico-arytenoid and thyro-
arytenoid muscles; and to the mucous membrane
of the pharynx and larynx.
   Laryngeal Phthisis,  Phthisis, laryngeal. 
LARYNGECHE
52 8
LARYNX
  Laryngeal Pouches. Smallcule-de-sac, which
lead from the  anterior  part of each ventricle of
the larynx upwards, for the space of half an inch,
between the superior ligaments on the inner side,
and the thyroid cartilage on the outer, reaching
as high as the upper  border of that cartilage at
the sides of the epiglottis. Numerous small glands
open into them.
  Laryngeal Sound,  Laryngeche.
  Laryngeal Veins open into the internal jugu-
lar. Winslow gives the name laryngeal to  the
superior thyroid artery.
   Laryngeal Voice,  see Voice.
   LARYTNGE'CHE, from larynx, and  nxv, or
ijyos, 'sound.'  The laryngeal sound heard by the
stethoscope during breathing and speaking.
   LARYNGEMPHRAX'IS, from larynx,  and
tpippai-is, 'obstruction.'   Obstruction of the larynx
from any cause.
   LARYNGIEN, Laryngeal.
   LARYNGISMUS,  from larynx.   Spasm of
glottis, giving occasion to contraction or closure
of the opening.
   LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS, Asthma thy-
micum.
   LAR YNGITE, Laryngitis—I. Muquenee,  La-
ryngitis (simple)—/. QZdSmateuae,  (Edema of the
glottis—I.  (EdSmateuee et eSro-ptirulente, GCdeina
of the glottis—I. avec  Production de  Faueees
membranee, Cynanche  trachealis—I. Paeudo-mem-
 braneuee, Cynanche trachealis—I. avec  SScrStion
 de Pu8,  Phthisis  laryngea—I.  Sua-glottique,
 (Edema of the glottis — /. Striduleuee, Asthma
 thymicum — I.  Sou8-muqueuse,  ffidema  of  the
 glottis.
   LARYNGI'TIS, from larynx, and itie, a suffix
 denoting inflammation; Injlamma'tio Laryn'gie,
 Cynanche seu Angina larynge'a, (F.) Laryngite,
 Catarrhe laryngien, Angine laryngS, Inflamma-
 tion of the Larynx.   This disease, in some  mea-
 sure,  resembles croup; but is usually devoid of
 that peculiar sonorous inspiration, which attends
 the latter.  There  is, also, pain  upon  pressing
 the larynx; and, whilst laryngitis is a disease of
 more  advanced life, croup attacks children.   The
 membraniform  exudation is,  also, absent;   pro-
 bably, because the inflammation, being seated
 above the glottis, the coagulable lymph is readily
 expectorated.  It requires the most active treat-
 ment.
    Simple  Laryngitis  is  called by some mucone
 Laryngitie, Laryngitie acu'ta seu muco'ea acuta,
 (¥.)  Laryngite muquenee, to distinguish it from
 submucous Laryngitie  or OHdema of the glottis.
    Chronic  Laryngitie  is  generally regarded  as
 synonymous with laryngeal phthisis; but it may
 exist  independently.
    Laryngitis  Acuta,  Laryngitis — 1. Chronic,
 see Phthisis  Laryngea—1. Exsudativa,  Cynanche
 trachealis'—1. Membranacea, Cynanche trachealis
 —1. Mucosa acuta, Laryngitis—1. Mucous, Laryn-
 gitis (simple)—1. OEdematous, GSdema of the  glot-
 tis—1. Polyposa, Cynanche trachealis—1. Seropu-
 rulenta, QSdema  of the glottis — 1. Submucous,
 GUdema of the glottis — 1. et Tracheitis chronica,
 see Phthisis laryngea—1. et Tracheitis infantilis,
 Cynanche trachealis.
    LARYNGOCACE,  Cynanche trachealis.
    LARYNGO-CATAR'RHUS, Catarrhue Laryn-
 geue et trachea'lie.  Catarrh affecting the larynx
 and trachea  more especially, as indicated by al-
 teration of tbe voice —hoarseness — itching and
 sensation of burning  in those parts ; short cough
 and expectoration,  Ac.
    LARYNGO-ET-TRACHEO-PHTHISIS,
 Phthisis laryngea.
    LARYNGOG'RAPHY,Znryn9o^ra'jaAm/from
 larynx, and ypaipn, 'a description.'  An anatomi-
 sal description of the larynx.
  LARYNGOL'OGY, from  larynx, and Xoyos,
'treatise.'  A treati.-e on the larynx.
  LARYNHOPARALYSLS see Aphonia.
  LARYNGOPH'ONY,  Laryngopho'nia,  Tra-
cheoph'ony,  Larynge'al voice,  Tracheal voice :
from larynx, and tpwvn, ' voice.'  The sound heard
in health, when the  stethoscope  is placed over
the larynx or trachea at the time a person speaks.
The voice appears to pass immediately up to the
ear of the auscultator.  A similar physical sign
exists  when there is  a cavity in  the  lungs, and
the instrument is placed over it whilst the patient
speaks.  See Pectoriloquy.
  LARYNGOPHTHISIS, Phthisis laryngea.
  LARYNGOSPASMUS, Asthma thymicum.
  LARYNGOSTASIS, Cynanche trachealis.
  LARYNGOSTENOSIS,  from   larynx,  and
ertvweis, 'contraction.'  Contraction or narrow-
ness of the larynx.
  LARYNGOT'OMY,  Laryngotom'ia,  from
larynx, and rtpvttv, 'to cut.'  A  surgical opera-
tion, which consists in opening the larynx, either
to extract a foreign  body, or to remedy an ob-
struction of the glottis.  The operation is, some-
times, erroneously called Bronchotomy, and Tra-
chetomy.
   LA RYN GO- TRACHEITIS, Cynanche tra-
chealis— 1.  Tracheitis with Diphtheritic exuda-
tion, Cynanche trachealis.
   LAR'YNX,(gen.Laryngis,) Xapvyl-,Xapvyyos,Ca-
put seu Oper'culum seu Inil'iuin seu Finis stipe'-
rior seu Ter'minus superior seu Pars prima as'-
pera arte'ria.  The apparatus of voice is situate
at the superior and anterior part of the neck; and
at the top of the trachea, with which it communi-
cates.  It is composed of four cartilages, — the
thyroid, cricoid,  and two  arytenoid ; is moved
by a number of muscles, and lined by a mucous
membrane,  having  certain  membranous reflec-
tions, constituting  the euperior ligaments of the
glottie, Ac.

         Parts composing  the Larynx.

                           (Thyroid.
                           Cricoid.
                           Two arytenoid.
                           Epiglottis.
                          f Sterno-thyroid.
                           Constrictors  of  the
                Extrinsic,  \    pharynx.
                           All the  muscles  of
                              the hyoid region.
                           Crico-thyoid.
                            Crico-arytenoid, pos-
                              terior.
                            Crico-arytenoid,  la-
                              teral.
                            Thyro-arytenoid.
                            Arytenoid.
    3. Muecoue Membrane.
                          ( Epiglottic.
    4. Glande................... < Arytenoid,
                          ( Thyroid.
    5. Membranee.............. { Thyrohyoid
                          ( Crico-thyroid.
    6. Ligaments................ j Crico-arytenoid
        *                 [ Thyro-arytenoid.

    The vessels and nerves of the larynx are called
  Laryngeal.
    The larynx is  destined to give passage to  the
  air, in the act of respiration, and to impress upon
  it certain modifications, which constitute voice.
  Its dimensions vary in different individuals.  In
  men, it is always  larger, and  situate lower, than
  in  women.
.j    Larynx, Pellicular or Plastic  Inflamma-
il  tion of the, Cynanche trachealis.
1. Cartilagea
2. Muscles. ■
 
LASANUM
529     f
LAUROSE
  LAS'ANUM, Sella fiamiliar'ica, (F.) Chaiee
perrSe.  A close stool.
  L ASCIVIA, Satyriasis.
  LASCIVITAS, Satyriasis.
  LASCIVUS, Libidinous.
  LASER, Laserpitium — I. d  Largee feuillee,
Laserpitium latifolium.
  LASERPIT"IUM, Laser, Silphium,  oiros etX-
fiov.  A term applied, anciently, both to a plant
and its  juice, regarding the nature of neither of
which we  possess any precise information. Bent-
ley, Laurence, Geoffroi, Ac, regard it to have
been  the  same  as  ■asafoetida: — Theophrastus,
Dioscorides, and the ancient  scholiast of Aristo-
phanes, however, by assigning a  sweet and agree-
able flavour  to the laserpitium, discountenance
the idea.   From  whatever plant obtained, it was
so  rare, and consequently so  costly,  that the
Romans deposited it in the public treasury.   It
was obtained from Cyrene—Succue Cyrena'icue—
and likewise from Persia — the latter being the
most  valuable.   The Laserpitium is  called by
Avicenna, Altihit.
   Laserpitium Asperum, L. latifolium.
   Laserpitium Latipo'lium, L. as'perum, Gen-
tia'na alba, White Gentian, Oerva'ria alba; (¥.)
Laser d largee feuillee. . The root of  this plant is
bitter and tonic.
   Laserpitium Montanum, L. siler.
   Laserpitium Siler,  L. trifiolia'tum seu mon-
ta'num, Ses'eli, Seeelie, Siler monta'nttm seu lan-
cifio'lium,  Heart-wort, Sermountain.   The seeds
and roots are possessed of aromatic properties.
   Laserpitium Trifoliatum, L. siler.
   LASSITUDE OCULAIRE, Copyopia.
   LASSITUDO, Copos.
   LAST,  Inguen.
   LATENS  IN ORE, Pterygoideus  internus.
   LATENT, Latene, from latere, 'to lie hid.'
'Lying hid/'concealed.'   An epithet applied  to
certain  diseases or states of disease, in  which the
symptoms are  so concealed  and obscure,  morbi
occul'ti, as to escape the observation  of  the phy-
sician.  Thus, we say latent inflammation, latent
period  of emall-pox.
   LAT'ERAD, from latue, laterie, 'the side.'  A
term used adverbially by Dr. Barclay  to signify
'towards the lateral  aspect.'
   LATERAL ASPECT, see Mesial.
   LATERIT"IOUS,Zafenf"t«»,Lnrertc 'iue, K¥.)
BdquetS,  from'later, laterie,  'a  brick.'   An epi-
thet applied to the brick-like sediment, occasion-
ally deposited in the urine of people  afflicted
with fever;  Sedimen'tum  uri'na lateric"ium; —
(F.) Urine briquetS.
   LAT'EROFLEX'ION, Lat'eroflex'io.  A bend
ing to one side,—as  of the uterus.
   LA TERO-VERSION, Lai ero-ver'eio.  A
turning or version to one  side,—as of the uterus.
   LATESCENTIS CHORDS (Musculus), Pal-
uaris longus.
   LATEX NIVEUS, Milk.
   LATHYRIS, Euphorbia lathyris.
   LATIB'ULUM, from lateo,  'I lie hid.'  The
 foyer of a febrile poison; whence it spreads  to
 •very part to induce a paroxysm.  See  Clapier.
   LAT'ICA.  Same etymon.  Amphimer'ina lal-
ka of Sauvages.  A species of  quotidian remit-
tent, whose paroxysms are very long, and which
is accompanied with latent or slightly developed
fever, whence its name.
   LATICES LACTEI, Receptaculum chyli.
   LATISSIMUS COLLI, Platysma-myoides.
   Latir'simus  Dorsi,  (superlative  of  latus,
'broad.')  Aniecalp'tor, Brachium movene quartue,
(F.) Lombo-hitmSral (Ch.). Dorei-lombo-sacro-hu-
mSral,  Muacle grand dorsal, M. trls large du doe.
A flat muscle; broad, especially below; thin ; quad-
rilateral ;  and situate at the posterior, lateral, and
      34
inferior region  of the  trunk.  It is attached to
tbe posterior half of the outer lip of the crest of
the ilium ; to the posterior surface of the sacrum  ;
to the  spinous processes of the  six or seven  last
dorsal  vertebrae, to all  those of  the loins, and to
the last four false ribs, and is inserted by a strong
tendon  at  the posterior edge  of the bicipital
groove  of  the humerus.  Its upper  fibres  are
almost  horizontal;  the middle  very long  and
oblique upwards and outwards;  and the anterior
almost  vertical.  This muscle  carries the  arm
backwards, depressing it, and making it turn on
its axis.  It  also draws backwards  and down-
wards  the  prominence of the shoulder.  When,
suspended by an arm, we make  an effort to raise
ourselves, it draws  the trunk towards the arm.
It can, also, raise the  ribs by assuming its fixed
point on the humerus, and become an inspiratory
muscle.
   LATITUDO HUMERI, Scapula.
   LATTICE WORK, Cancelli.
   LATUS, Broad—1. Ani, Levator ani.
   LAU, see Spirit.
   LAUCA'NIA, Leuca'nia, Lau'chane.   The
fauces  and oesophagus.  Also, the chin. — Gor-
raeus.
   LAUCHANE, Laucania.
   LAUD'ANUM or LAUDA'NUM.   Perhaps,
from laus, laudie, 'praise;' lauda'tum, 'praised.'
Every preparation of opium, solid or  liquid, but
more particularly the extract and tincture,  and
especially the  latter.
   Laudanum Abba'tis Rousseau, Gutta Abbatis
Roti88eau,  Vinum opia'tum fiermentatio'ne para'-
tum, Abbe Rouaaean'8 Dropa.  (Mel. Narbonnene.,
§xij;  aqua calida, Oiij.  Set in a warm  place,
and, as soon as the mixture ferments,  add opium,
§iv, dissolved in water, f^xij.   Let it ferment
for a month, and evaporate to f,^x: strain,  and
add rectified epirit of wine, f^ivss.
   Laudanum,  Ford's, Vinum  opii — 1. Liquid,
Tinctura opii — 1. Liquidum Hoffmanni, Vinum
opii — 1. Liquidum  Sydenhami,  Vinum opii—-l.
Opiatum, Extractum opii—1. Simplex, Extractum
opii—L Sydenham's, Vinum opii.
   LAUGH, Risus—1. Sardonic, Canine laugh.
   LAUGHING, Risus.
   LAUGHTER, Risus.
   LAUREL, Kalmia latifolia, Magnolia macro-
phylla — 1.  Broad-leaved,  Kalmia  latifolia  — 1.
Cherry,  Prunus lauro-cerasus—1. Common, Pru-
nus lauro-cerasus—1. Dwarf, Kalmia angustifolia
—1. Great, Rhododendron maximum—1. Ground,
Epigaea repens — 1. Mountain,  Kalmia latifolia,
Rhododendron — 1.  Narrow-leaved, Kalmia an-
gustifolia— l.  Pale,  Kalmia  glauca — 1. Poison,
Prunus  lauro-cerasus — 1. Rose, Kalmia latifolia
—1, Sheep, Kalmia angustifolia—1. Swamp, Kal-
mia glauca—  1. Sweet, Hlicium  Floridanum — 1.
Water, see Prunus lauro-cerasus—1. White, Mag-
nolia glauca.
   LAURENT, SAINT,  MINERAL  WATERS
OF. A thermal spring, five leagues from Joyeuse
in France.   Temp. 127° Fahr.
   LAUREN'TIA PINNATIF'IDA, Pepper-
dulee.   One of the Algae, eaten  in  Scotland, and
hawked about the  streets of Edinburgh  along
with Lamina'ria digita'ta or  Tangle.
   LAUREOLA, Daphne laureola.
   LAURIER, Laurus — I.  Alexandrin, Ruscus
hypoglossum—I. Amandier, Prunus lauro-cerasus
—/. d'Apollon, Laurus—I. Ceriee, Prunus  lauro-
cerasus— I. de Ceylon, Laurus cinnamomum—I.
 Commun, Laurus—I. dea Cuiaines, Laurus—I. dee
Montagues, Kalmia latifolia — I.Noble, Laurus —
I. Roae, Nerium oleander—I. de TrSbiaonde, Pru-
nus lauro-cerasus.
   LAURO-CERASUS, Prunus  lauro-cerasus.
   LAUROSE, Nerium oleander. 
LAURUS                530               LAXATOR
   LAURUS, Laurue nob'ilis, Daph'ne, Sweet Bay.
 Nat. Ord. Lauracese.  (F.) Lattrier, L. noble ou
 des cuisines ou commun ou d'Apollon.  The leaves
 and berries, Laurus (Ph. L.). have  a sweet, fra-
 grant smell, and an aromatic, astringent taste.
 Sweet bay has been advised as a stomachic and
 carminative, but is now rarely used.  It is, some-
 times, employed as  a dbmentation  and in  glys-
 ters ; and the berries are an ingredient in the
 Emplastrum Cumini.
   Laurus .SUstivalis, L. benzoin—l.Alexandrina
 angustifolia, Ruscus hypoglossum.
   Laurus Ben'zoin, Benzoin odorif'erum, Lau-
 rus  Pseudo-benzoin  seu  astiva'lis,  Spice wood,
 Spice bush, Benjamin bush, Allspice bush,  Wild
 allspice,  Spice berry, Fever wood, Fever  bueh.
 An  indigenous shrub, growing in  moist, shady
 places, in all parts of the  United States: flower-
 ing early in spring.  All parts of the shrub have
 a spicy, agreeable flavour, which is strongest in
 the  bark and berries.  An infusion or decoction
 of the small branches is used in popular practice as
 a vermifuge, and an agreeable drink in low fevers.
 The bark has  been used in  intermittents; the
 berries,  dried and  powdered, for allspice.   The
 oil of the berries is used as an excitant.
   Laurus Camphora, see Camphor—1. Canella,
 L. Cassia.
   Laurus Cas'sia, L. Canella, Per'eea caeeia.
 The  species of laurus which  yields the Ca'eia,
 Cas'eia,  Canella, Caaeia lig'nea seu cinnamo'mea,
 C. lignea  Malabar'ica,  Cortex  Canella  Mala-
 bar'ica,  Cortex crae'eior, Xylo-casaia, Canella
 Malabarica et Javeilsis,  G. Cuba'na, Arbor Ju-
 da'ica,  Canellifi'era Malabar'ica,  Cinnamo'mum
 Malabar'icum seu  In'd-'cum  seu  Sinen'se,  Cali-
 hav'ha  canella, Wild Cinnamon, Malabar Cin-
 namon,  Cassia, (¥.) Cannelle de Malabar ou de
 Java ou  de la Chine ou dee hides ou de Coroman-
 del, C. fausse, C. matte, Casse en boie ou aromu-
 tique.  The bark and leaves abound  with the
 flavour of cinnamon, for which they may be sub-
 stituted; but  they  are much  weaker.   The un-
 opened flower-buds are used in'the same manner.
 Aqua Cassiae, Water of Caeda, prepared by distil-
 lation, is officinal in the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia.
   Laurus Cinnamomoides, Nectandra cinnamo-
 moides.
   Laurus Cinnamo'mum, Peree'a cinnamo'mum,
 Cinnamo'mum, C. Zeylailicum, Daree'ni, Darei'ni,
 Cinnamon, Xylo-cinnamomum, Ctturdo Canella,
 (Sc.) Cannel, (¥.) Cannelle, Baume de Cannelle,
 Cannelle officinale  ou de  Ceylon.  Cinnamon
 hark, which is obtained, also, from the Cinnamo'-
 mum aromat'icum, is stimulant and carminative,
 and is employed, chiefly, as a grateful  aromatic,
 to cover the taste  of nauseous remedies.  Dose,
 gr. x to ^j- The Flowers, called Cassia Floree in
 the shops, possess aromatic and astringent virtues,
 and may be used wherever cinnamon is required.
 The volatile oil of the bark—O'leum Cinnamo'mi
 ■—Oil of Cinnamon, is officinal in the Pharm. U. S.
   Laurus Cubeba,  Piper cubeba — 1. Culilaban,
 L. Culilawan.
   Laurus Culil'awan, L. Culilaban seu Cary-
 ophyllue, Cinnamo'mum Culilawan.  The tree that
 affords the  Cortex Culilawan seu Culilaban, Cu-
 lilairan,  Cttlitlaican, Cortex caryophylloidee seu
 Caryophyllo'ides Amboinen'eie. This bark resem-
 bles the sassafras  in appearance and properties,
 aDd  is used in Java as a condiment.
   Laurus Malabathrum, see Malabathrum —
 1. Nobilis, Laurus—1. Persea, Persea gratissima—
 1. Pseudobenzoin, L. Benzoin.
   Laurus Sas'safras, Peree'a eae'eafrae, Sae-
 Biifrae, Cornne mae odora'ta, Anhuiba, Ague-free,
 Ague-tree,  (F.)  Pavanne.  Indigenous  in  the
 United  States.  Sassafras wood and root, and
 especially the bark of tbe root, Saaaafr'ae Radi'-
cu Cortex (Ph. U.  S.j,  have been considered
stimulant, sudorific, and diuretic The virtues de-
pend upon essential o'd,Oleum Saaaafrae, the odour
of which is not unlike that of fennel.  It has been
used in cutaneous diseases,chronic rheumatism, Ac.
  The pith of the stems, Sueeafirae medulla (Ph.
U. S.), abounds in  gummy matter, which it  rea-
dily imparts to water, forming a limpid mucilage,
which is much employed as a collyrium in oph-
thalmia, and as a drink in  dysentery, catarrh, Ac.
(one drachm of the pith to a pint of boiling water).
  LAUTISSIMA  VINA.  (Superlative of latttue,
'elegant.')  Wines  were formerly so called, which
were strongh- impregnated with myrrh.
  LAVAMENTUM, Clyster,  Enema.
  LAVANDE,  Lavendula — I. de Mer,  Statice
limonium—I.  Triete, Statice limonium.
  LAVAN'DULA,  Laven'dula, from lavo, 'I
wash;' so called from being used in baths. Lavan-
dula epica (Linnaeus) seu anguetifio'lia seu offici-
na'lie seu vera, Common Lavender,  (F.) Lavunde.
Ord.  Labiatae.  The  odour of lavender flowers,
Lavand'ula (Ph. U. S.), is fragrant and agreeable ;
taste warm and bitterish—depending upon an es-
sential oil.  It has been used as a stimulant; parti-
cularly in the form of the oil,—O'leum lavan'dnla.
The  dried leaves  have been  employed  as  an
errbine.
  The French use, also,  Lavandula Stcechas,
Stcechae et Stichae Arab'ica, French Lavender,
of which they have a compound syrup, Syr'upue
de etoe'chadl compoe'itue :  given as a pectoral.
  Lavandula Latifolia, Lavandula.
  Lavandula Spica (Linnaeus),  L. Latifio'lia
Spica, French Lav'euder, (F.)  Lavande, Ayj'c,
Spic,  yields the Oil of Spike, O'leum spica,  iF.)
Huile d'Aepic ou de Spic, which is  used to make
varnishes, and as a liniment in paralysis.
  LAVEMENT, Clyster,  Enema— I. Antiepae-
modique, Enema foetidum.
  LAVENDER, COMMON, Lavendula —1.
French, Lavandula spica — 1. Sea, Statice limo-
nium, Statice Caroliniana.
  LAVENDULA,  Lavandula.
  LAYER, Ulva latissima—1. Broad green, Ulva
latissima—1. Germanicum, Veronica beccabunga
—1. Laciniated-purple, Ulva umbilicalis—1. Odo-
ratum, Sisymbrium nasturtium.
  LAVIPEDIUM. Pediluvium.
  LAW MEDICINE, Medicine, legal
  LAWSONIA ALBA, L. Inermis.
  Lawso'nia Iner'mis, L. alba, Alcan'a vera seu
Orienta'lie,   Cype'rue  antiqito'rum,  Ligua'trum
AEgyptiacum, Smooth Lawao'nia, (¥.) HennS, Al-
haune.  An East Indian and African plant, the
root of which is slightly astringent.
  In India, the root of the Lawao'nia epinoea is
employed in lepra and other cutaneous affections.
  LAX, Diarrhoea.
  LAXANS,  Laxative, Relaxant
  LAX'ATIVE, Laxatlvus,  Laxane,  Le'niens,
from  laxare,  laxatum, 'to  loosen;'  Minoratlvue,
Soluti'vue,  Alvid'ucue, Hypochoret'icue,  Hypa-
go'gue, Hypel'atus,  Hypocathar'ticus, Lapac'ticus.
A medicine which gently opens the bowels; such
as tamarinds, manna, Ac.
  LAXATIVUS INDICUS, Cambogia.
  LAXATOR AURIS INTERNUS, L. tympani.
  Laxator Tympani, L. major tynlpani,  Exter'-
nue seu .Ante'rior mal/'ei, Obllquue seu Externus
auria, Laxator auria  inter'nue,  Eueta'chii mus'-
culue, (¥.) AntSrieur du marteau, Acouetico-nml-
lien, SphSni-ealpingo-mallien.   A  muscle  which
arises from the spine of the  sphenoid bone and
from the cartilage of the Eustachian tube, and is
inserted, by a tendon, into the apophysis of Rau.
It relaxes the membrana tympani.
  Laxa'tor  Tym'pani Minor.   A  very small
muscle which extends from the upper part of
the external  auditory canal,  and  is  inserted at
the inferior part of the process of the handle of 
LAXITAS               531                LEIMAX
the malleus.   Its  existence is  denied  by most
anatomists.
  LAXITAS,  Atony —1.  Alvi,  Diarrhoea —1.
Ingestorum, Lientery — 1.  Intestinorum,  Lien-
tery— 1. Scroti,  Rachosis—1.  Ventriculi,  Gas-
terasthenia.
  LAX'ITY,  Lax'itae, Laxneee.  Same etymon.
Condition of a tissue when loose or relaxed;  or
of one which wants tone.  We say laxity of fibre,
laxity of ekin, to express that  those parts  have
lost some of the tenseness proper to them.
  LAYER, ANIMAL, see Tache embryonnaire—
1.  Mucous, see Tache embryonnaire — 1.  Serous,
see Tache embryonnaire — 1. Vascular, see Tache
embryonnaire—1. Vegetative, see 7*acne embryon-
naire.
   LAYERS  OF  THE  BLASTODERMA, see
 Tache embryonnaire.
   LAYMAN,  see Laity.
   LAZARET'TO, Lazaret,  Lazar-houee,  from
 (I.) lazzero, 'a leper.'  A solitary edifice in most
 seaports of magnitude, intended for the disinfec-
 tion of men and goods proceeding from  places
 where contagious diseases are prevailing.
   LAZULITE, Lapis lazuli.
   LEAD,  Plumbum—1.  Black, Graphites — 1.
 Chloride of, Plumbi  chloridum—1. Colic,  see Co-
 lica metallica—1. Iodide  of, Plumbi iodidum—1.
 Nitrate of, Plumbi nitras—1. Oxyd of, semi-vitri-
 fied, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
   Lead Paralysis, see Palsy,  lead.
   Lead  Poisoning,   Molybdo'aie,  Molybdon'o-
 sua,  Morbua   plumb'eue, Cacochym'ia,  plumbea,
 (¥.) Intoxication saturnine.  Morbid phenomena
 induced by lead received into the system.
   Lead, Red, Plumbi oxidum rubrum.
   Lead Rheu'matism, Lead Neuralgia, Arthral-
 gia of  M. Tanquerel.. The neuralgic and spas-
 modic pains caused by the  poison of lead.
   Lead, Subcarbonate  of, Plumbi superacetas
 —1. Tannate of, see Tannin.
   Lead Water, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis  di-
 lutus.
   Lead, White, Plumbi subcarbonas.
   LEADER,  Tendon.
   LEADWORT, Plumbago Europaea.
   LEAF, SOUR, Andromeda arborea.
   LEAM'LNGTON,  MINERAL  WATERS OF.
 Saline  waters at  Leamington, about two miles
 east of Warwick,  England, which contain chlo-
 ride of sodium, sulphate of soda, and chlorides
 of calcium and magnesium.
   LEANNESS, Emaciation,
   LEAP, Sax.  hlaepan, Saltue, Salil'io, Exal-
 sis,'(¥.) Sunt; Bound, Jump, — the act of leap-
 ing.  Muscular movement or movements, by which
 the body is detached from the soil by the forcible
 and sudden extension  of the lower limbs, previ-
 ously flexed upon the pelvis.
   LEAPERY, Lepra.
   LEAPING AGUE.  This disease is  said  by
 the Scotch writers  to be characterized  by  in-
 creased efficiency, but depraved direction, of  the
 will, producing an irresistible propensity to dance,
 tumble, and  move about in a  fantastic manner,
 and often with far more than the natural vigour,
 activity, and  precision !  See Mania, dancing.
   LEATHER FLOWER,  Clematis viorna—1.
 Wood, Dirca  palustris.
   LEB'ANON, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
 spring at Lebanon, 26 miles east of Albany, New
 Y'ork, is a simple thermal;  temperature 73° Fahr.
   LECANE,  Pelvis!
   LECHE, Physician.
   LECHENEION, Torcular Herophili.
   LECHEROUS, Libidinous.
   LECHO. Puerpera.
   LKCHOPYRA, Puerperal fever.
   LECITHODES. Vitelline.
  LECITHOS, see Ovum.
  LE CRAN, Cochlearia armoracia.
  LECO, Penis.
  LECONTIA  VIRGINICA,  Peltandra  Vir-
ginica.
  LECTISTER'NIUM, from lectue, 'a bed,' and
aternere, 'to spread.'  The  arrangement of a bed
so as to adapt it to a particular disease.  Also, a
supplication, ^ith the Romans, in times of public
danger, when beds or couches were spread for the
gods, as  if they were about to  feast,  and  their
images were taken down  from their pedestals and
placed upon  these couches around the altars.
The lectisternium was first  introduced in the time
of a pestilence.—Livy.
   LECTUA'LIS, from lectus, 'a bed.'  An epi-
thet applied to a protracted disease.
   LECTULUS  MEDICATUS, see Fomentation
—1. Stramineus, Fanon.
   LEDE SAUVAGE, Ledum sylvestre.
   LEDOYEN'S  DISINFECTING LIQUID or
FLUID.  A solution of nitrate  of lead, (Plumb.
nitrat. £j ad aqua f^j,) used as an antiseptic ana
antibromic
   LEDUM  LATIFO'LIUM,   Labrador'   Tea,
 Ord.  Ericaceae, grows in damp places,  in Canada
and the  United States.   The  leaves  have  a
pleasant odour and taste, and have been used as
tea.  They have also been  esteemed pectoral and
tonic.
   Ledum Palus'tre, Rosmarinus seu Anthoe
sylve8'tria, Marsh Tea,  (¥.)  Llde ou  Romarin
sauvage, Olivier de BohSn\e.  Nat. Ord. Ericineae.
 Sex.  Syat. Decandria Monogynia.  This  plant
has a bitter, subastringent taste, and was formerly
used in Switzerland in place of hops: the virtues
are equivocal.   The leaves are chewed by  tbe
 Cree Indians, and applied to burns,  which  ara
said to heal rapidly under their  influence.   The
 cake of chewed leaves is left adhering to the sort
until it falls off.—Sir J. Richardson.
   LEE, Feculence, Lixivium, Ley, Lye, Urine.
   LEECH, Hirudo, see  Ectozoa, Physician.
   LEECHCRAFT. Medicina.
   LEEK, Allium porrum.
   LEES, SOAP, Liquor potassae.
   LEG,  (Da.  Lag,) Crua, Scelos, Oneme.  The
 portion  of the  lower extremity, which extends
 from the knee to the foot. It  consists of three
 bones, Tibia, Fibula, and  Patella, and also of  a
 great number  of muscles, vessels, and nerves.
 The projection, formed by the muscles at the back
 part of the leg, has received the name  of Calf of
 the leg.  It is the special  attribute of man, and
 proves that he is destined  to be  biped.
   Leg, Swelled, Phlegmatia dolens—1. Cochin,
 see Elephantiasis.
   LEGITIMATE,  Legit'imue,  from  lex, legia,
 'law;' Genui'nue, Gne'aios.  An epithet applied
 to things which  are  according to rule.  A  legiti-
 mate child, (¥.)  Enfant ISgitime,  is one conceived
 or born  during marriage Legitimate diseases,
 (¥.) Maladies ISgitimes,  are those which follow  a
 regular march.
   LEGNA, from Xtyvn,  Xtyvov, 'a fringed  edge,'
 'the border  of  a garment.'  The orifice of the
 pudendum muliebre, or of the uterus.
    LEGUME, Legumen.
   LEGU'MEN, from lego, 'I gather,'  [?] akin to
 Xaxavov, 'pulse/ (F.) Legume, Gousse.   So  called
 because  it is usually gathered  by the hand, in-
 stead of  being  reaped.   All  kinds of pulte, ae
 peas, beans, Ac, are thus  termed.
   LEGUMIN,  Casein.
   LEICHEN. Lichen.
   LEIMANTHIUM  VIRGINICUM,  Melan-
 thium Virginicum.
   LEIMAX, Limax. 
LEIOPUS               532                LEPIDIUM
  LEI/OPUS. LI opus, Pianette, Plautne, Plotue. ||
from Xf.oi, ' smooth,' and irons, ' a foot.'  One who  j
Is affected with flat-footedneae, eplay-footedneee, \
Leivpod'ia, Liopod'ia.  One, the soles of whose
feet are flat, instead of having the concavity which
they commonly present.
  LEIO^IS, Comminution.
  LEIPH^E'MIA, Lipha'mia: sajne etymon as
Leipbaemos.  Poverty or paucity of blood.
  LEIPH^MOI. Achroi.
  LEIPHjE'MOS,  Lipha'moe,  (¥.)  Leiphlme,
from Xttiru, ' I want,' and 'aipa, 'blood.'  A word j
sometimes  used adjectively;  at  others, substan-
tively, either for a vicious state of the blood — or
rather for a sort of anaemia — or for the  patient
who labours under this condition.  See Achroi.
  LEIPHEME, Leiphaemos.
  LEIPO, Lipo.
  LEIPODERMIA, Apostbia.
  LEIPODER'MOS, Lipoder'moe, Leipoderm'a-
tue, from Xttirw, ' I want,' and itppa, ' skin.'   One
who wants a part of his skin.  It is especially
applied  to  one who  wants  the prepuce.   See
Apella, and Aposthia.
  LEIPOMERIA, Lipomeria.
  LEIPOPSYCHIA, Syncope.
  LEIPOTHYMIA, Syncope.
  LEIPYR'IAS, from Xttirw, 'I want,' and  irvp,
 ' fire,' or ' heat.'  A species  of continued fever,
referred to by the Greek  physicians, in which
there is burning heat  of the internal parts  and
coldness of the extremities.  Avicenna described,
 under this name, a kind of hemitritaea.
   LEMA, Chaeeie.
   LEME, Lippitudo.
   LEMITHOCORTON,  Corallina Corsicana.
   LEMMA, Cortex, Feculence, Furfur, Sedimen-
 tum.
   LEMNISCUS, Pessary, Tent.  See Laqueus.
   LEMON, GROUND, Podophyllum montanum
 — 1. Juice, see Citrus medica—1. Juice, artificial,
 see Citrus medica—1.  Peel, see Citrus  medica —
 1. Tree, Citrus  medica.
   Lemon, Wild, Podophyllum montanum.
   LEMONADE',  Limona'da,   (¥.)  Limonade,
 Citronnade.  Lemon juice diluted with water and
 sweetened.  See Citrus medica.
   Lemonade, Dry, (F.) Limonade elche.  Citric
 or tartaric acid reduced to powder and mixed with
 sugar.   Lemonade powdere may be made as fol-
 lows :—Pound j|j£ of cifrt'c acid with a few drops
 of essence of lemon-peel and ^j or more  of lump
 sugar.  Divide into six papers, each of which will
 make a glass of lemonade.  See Citric acid.
   Limonade Gazeuee (¥.), is  an  agreeable drink
 prepared by adding syrup of lemons, raspberry,
 Ac, to water saturated with carbonic acid.
   Lemonade, Magnesian, Magnesias citras.
   Lemonade, Nitric.   Nitric acid considerably
 diluted with water, and sweetened.
   Lemonade, sulphuric, and Lemonade,  tar-
 taric, are made with the sulphuric and  tartaric
 acids.
   LEMOSITAS, Chaeeie, Lippitudo.
   LENDE, Lumbi.
   LENDIS. Lumbi, Nates.
   LENIENS. Laxative, Lenitive.
   LENIS, Lenitive.
   LEN'ITIVE, Leniti'vue, Lenie, Len'iene, Epia'-
 pia, Mit'igane, from lenio, lenitum,  'to assuage.'
 A medicine, which allays irritation or palliates
 disease; also,  a laxative medicine.  A  lenitive
electuary is one that purges gently.
  LENOS, Torcular Herophili.
  LENS, Ervum lens—1. Crystalline, Crystalline
— 1. Esculenta, Ervum lens.
  LENTIC'ULA.  Dim. of lena, lentie, 'a lentil.'
 A freckle.  Also, the eruption of lenticular fever.
Bee Ephelides.
   LENTICULAR GANGLION, Ophthalmic G.
   LEXTICULA'RES  GLAN'DULA,  Lentic'-
 ulur glande.   Mucous follicles, having the shape
 of a lentil, which are observed especially towards
 the base of the tongue.
   LENTIGO, Ephelides.
   LENTIL,  Ervum lens.
   LENTILLE, Ervum lens—I. Crystalline, Crys-
 talline—1. Ers. Ervum ervilia.
   LENTIS'CINUM  VINUM.   Wine  impreg-
 nated with mastich ; from Lentiecue,' the mastich
 tree.'
   LENTISCUS VULGARIS, Pistacia lentiscus.
   LENTITIA, Lentor.
   LENTITIS. Phacitis.
   LENTITUDO, Lentor.
   LENTOR, Lentil'ia, Lentitu'do, from  lentue,
 'clammy.'   A viscidity or siziness of any fluid.
 See Gluten.
   LENT ROSE, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
   LENUM.  Torcular Herophili.
   LEONO'TIS   LEONU'RUS.  Ord. Labiatae,
 A South African plant,  which has  a peculiar
I smell and nauseous taste, and is said  to produce
 narcotic effects if incautiously used.   It  is em-
 ployed in decoction in chronic cutaneous diseases.
 The Hottentots smoke it like tobacco, and take a
 decoction of its  leaves as a strong cathartic.  It
 is also  given as an emenagogue.  In the eastern
 districts  of  the Cape  Colony, Leonotie  ova'ta,
 (Prov.) Crowparenep, Male, is used for the same
 purpose.
   Leonotis  Ovata, see Leonotis leonurus.
   LEONTI'ASIS,  Leon'tion,  from Xtwv, Xtovros,
 'a lion.'  A name given to lepra of the face,  from
 some fancied resemblance between the counte-
 nance  of those labouring under it and that of the
 lion.   To this kind of lepra the epithets le'onine
 and le'ontine have been given.
   LEON'TICE THALICTROIDES,  Caulophyl-
 lum thalictroides.
   LEONTION, Leontiasis.
   LEON'TODON TARAX'ACUM, L. officinale
 seu vulga're, Tarax'acum officina'le, Dene Leo'nie,
 Hedyp'noie tarax'acum, Urina'ria, Caput  Mon'a-
 chi,  Dan'delion, Piee-a-bed, (Prov.) Shitabed,
 Pttffball, (Sc)  Dentilioun, {¥.) Pieeenlit, Lion-
 dent,  Dent  de Hon, Couronne  de Maine,  from
 Xtwv, Xtovros, ' a lion/ and  oiovs, oiovros, ' a tooth.'
 Order, Compositae.  The young leaves are some-
 times eaten  as salad.  The roots are, also,  roasted
 and  used as a substitute  for  coffee.   The  root,
 Tarax'acum, (Ph.  U. S.,) is, moreover, reputed
 to be  aperient and  diuretic; hence  its vulgar
 names.  Its efficacy is doubtful.
   LEONTOPODIUM, Alchemilla.
   LEONU'RUS, from Xtwv, 'a lion/ and ovpa, 'a
 tail.'   Lion'e Tail.
   Leonurus Cardi'aca, Agripal'ma Gallie, Mar-
 ru'bium, Cardi'aca criepa  seu triloba'ta seu vul-
 ga'rie, Herba cardiaca seu Pata lapi'na, Mother-
 i wort, Throatwort, (¥.) Agripaume.  Ord. Labiatae.
 I Its properties are those of a nauseous bitter; and
 hence  it has been used in hysteria and other ner-
 vous affections.
   Leonurus Lanatus. Ballota lanata.
   LEOPARD'S BANE, ROMAN, Arnica  mon-
 tana, Doronicum pardalianches.
   LEPAS, Lepie, Xenas,  gen. Xtiraios; Xtirts, gen.
 Xtirtios, 'a scale.'
   LEPER,  see Leprous.
   Leper Hospital, Ladrerie.
   LEPIA CAMPESTRIS, Thlaspi campestre—
 1. Sativa. Lepidium Iberis.
   LEPID'IUM, from Xtms, Xtnios, 'a scale;' so
 called  from its supposed usefulness in cleansing
 the skin from scales and impurities. Pepper-wort.
 Ord. Cruciferae.
i  Lepidium Campestbb, Thlaspi campestre. 
LEPIDODES             533           LEPTOTRICHUS
  Lepid'ium Ibe'ris, Ibe'rie, Cardaman'tica, Sci- i
ut'ica  cresses.   This  plant possesses a warm, !
penetrating, pungent  taste, like other cresses,
and is recommended as an antiscorbutic,  anti-
septic, and stomachic
  Lepidium  Sati'vum,  Lep'ia  aatlva, Thlayii
naatur'tium  seu eatlvum, Nastur'tiuni  horten'se
seu eati'vum, Garden creea, Dittander, Green mus-
tard,  (¥.) Creeeon  alSnoie,  Creaaon  dea Jardine.
This  plant possesses  warm, stimulating proper-
ties, and is used like the last.
  Lepidium Squamatum, Cochlearia coronopus.
  LEPIDODES, Squamous.
  LEPIDOIDES, Squamous.
  LEPIDOSA RCO'MA, Tumor equamifor'mie
carno'eue.  A fleshy tumour, covered with scales ;
from  Xtiris,  Xtmios,  ' a  scale,' and  oapxwpa,  ' a
fleshy tumour.'  Marcus Aurelius Severinus de-
scribes tumours of this kind in the interior  of the
mouth.
  LEPIDOSIS, Scaly disease.
  LEPIDOSIS ICHTHYIASIS, Ichthyosis—1.
Ichthyiasis  cornigera,  Horny excrescences—1.
Lepriasis,  Lepra — 1.  Pityriasis,  Pityriasis — 1.
Psoriasis. Psoriasis.
  LEPIDOTIS CLAVATA, Lycopodium clava-
tum.
  LEPIRA, Lepra.                    ^,
  LEPIS, Scale.                       ft
  LEPISMA, Squamous portion.
  LEPORINUM  LABIUM,  Harelip —1. Ros-
trum, Harelip.
  LEPORINUS OCULUS, Lagophthalmia.
  LEPOSTEOPH'YTON; from Xtns, 'a  scale/
oortov, 'a bone,' and tpvrov, 'a plant  or growth.'
A thin scale of bone, the result  of a morbid
growth.
  LEPRA, Lep'ira, from Xtirpos, 'scaly.'  Lepi-
do'ai8 Lepri'aaia, Lepro'eie, Lepro'aitaa, Vitiligo,
Lepra Graco'rum,  Herpee fiitrfiiira'cens circina'-
tue, Leproay,  Leap'ery, (Sc.) Lepyr, Lipper, (¥.)
Llpre, Mal Saint-Main, Dartre furfiuracSe  ar-
rondie.  This term has been  applied to various
affections, very  different in character.  1. To the
Leproey of the Jewe, Leuce, Lepido'eie Lepriaeie
canes'cens, Lepra Mosa'ica seu Hebrao'rum,—a
variety of the Alphoa or Lepra alphoi'des.   The
leuce was, generally, not scaly, but  consisted  of
smooth,  shining  patches, on which the  hair
turned white and silky, and  the skin, with the
muscular flesh, lost its sensibility.  It was in-
curable.   2. To the Elephantiasis or Lepra of the
Arabs, see Elephantiasis;  and 3. To  the  Lepra
of the Greeks, which includes all the varieties met
with  at the present day.  It is characterized  by
scaly patches of different sizes, but having always
nearly a circular form.  Bateman and Willan de-
scribe three chief varieties of this lepra.
  1.  Lepra alphoi'des,  Lepido'sis Lepri'asis aV-
bida,  Alphos, Morpha'a  alba,  Vitiligo alphus,
Al'baras alba, Albaras, Albaros, Llpre Scailleuse
of Alibert,  White leprosy.  An affection, charac-
terized by white patches, surrounded  by a rose-
coloured areola, which appears here and there  on
the surface; depressed in the  middle.
  2.  Lepra nigricans  seu  melas seu maculo'sa
niqra, Vitiligo melae seu nigra, Morpha'a seu
Albarae  nigra, Melae,  Lepido'eie lepriaeie nl-
gricane, Black leproay; in which the scales  are
livid; the size of half a dollar; and diffused over
the body, but less widely than in the Alpho'idea.
The French pathologists usually admit three spe-
cies of lepra, to which they give the epithets ecaly,
(aquameuae,) cruataceoue, (crustacSe,) and tuber-
cular, (tuberculeuee,) according as the skin may
be covered with scales, crusts, or tubercles.
  3.  Lepra vulga'ris, Lepido'eie lepri'aaia vulga'-
rie. Dartre fittrfurncSe arrondie, of  Alibert, cha-  '
racterized as  follows: scales  glabrous, whitish,  I
 size of a crown  piece; preceded by smaller red-
 dish and glossy elevations of the skin, encircled
 by a dry, red, and slightly elevated border; often
 confluent: sometimes covering the whole of the
 body except the face.
   Lepra  appears  to be  endemic in  Egypt, in
 Java, and certain parts of Norway and Sweden.
 Imperfect and^ faulty nutriment appears to con-
 tribute to  its  development.  The means,  best
 adapted for its removal, are:—a mild, unirritating
 diet, emollient fomentations—sulphureous baths,
 fumigations, Ac; but, often,  all remedial agents
 will be found ineffectual.
   Lepra Arabum, Elephantiasis Arabica—1. As-
 turica, see Pellagra — 1.  Borealis, Radzyge— 1.
 Fungifera, Framboesia—1. Gangraenosa, Ngeren-
 gere — 1. Graecorum, Lepra—1. Hebraeorum, see
 Lepra—1. Ichthyosis, Ichthyosis—1. Lombardica,
 Pellagra — 1. Maculosa nigra,  L. Nigricans — 1.
 Mediolanensis, Pellagra — 1. Melas, Lepra nigri-
 cans— 1. Mercurial, Eczema mercuriale — 1. Mo-
 saics, see Lepra—1. Norvegica, Radzyge—1. Squa-
 mosa, Impetigo—1. Taurica,  Mal de CrimSe.
   LEPRE, Lepra—I.  dee Coeeaquea, Mal  de
 CrimSe — I. Ecailleuae, Lepra alphoides — I. Hu-
 mide, Impetigo.
   LEPREUX, Leprous.
   LEPRICUS,  Leprous.
   LEPROSARIUM, Ladrerie.
   LEPROSERIE, Ladrerie.
   LEPROSIS,  Lepra.
   LEPROSITAS, Lepra.
   LEPROSUS, Leprous.
   LEPROSY, Lepra—1. Black, Lepra nigricans
 — 1. Norwegian, see Radzyge — 1. White,  Lepra
 alphoides.
   LEP'ROUS,  Lepro'au8,  Leprot'icua, Lep'rieue,
 Lepro'dea,  (Sc)  Lipper,  (¥.)  LSpreux, Ladre,
 same etymon.   Relating to or resembling or af-
 fected with leprosy ; a leper.
   LEPSIS, Attack.
   LEPTAN'DRA* VIRGIN'ICA,  Veronica sen
 Padero'ta Virgin'ica, Culver'a phyaic.  Ord. Scro-
 phulariaceae.  An indigenous plant, which grows
 throughout  the  United  States, and  flowers in
 August.   The flowers are white,  and  terminate
 the stem in a long spike.   A variety with purple
 flowers has been described, as
   Leptandra   Purpu'rea,  Phyaic root,  Black
 root, Whorlywort, Culver's root, Brinton root. Bow-
 man root.  The root is bitter and  nauseous, and
 when fresh is emetic and  cathartic.  In the dried
 state it is more  uncertain.  Dose  of the powder,
 gr.  xx to &.
   LEPTO,  LEPTOS,  Xtirros,  'thin/  'light.'
 Hence:
   LEPTOCEPHA'LIA, from Xtirros,  ' thin, fine,'
 and KtipaXn, ' head.' Monstrosity, in  which the
 head is abnormously small.
   LEPTOCHRO'A, Leptochroe, from Xtirros,
 'thin, fine/ and XPua> X00ta> ' *ne colour of the
 skin : the skin.'  Fineness, thinness of skin.
   LEPTOCHYM'IA,  from  Xtirros, 'thin,'  and
 vu//os, 'a juice.'  Morbid  thinness of the juices.
   LEPTOHYME'NIA, from XtirTos,  'thin/  and
 'vpnv<' a membrane.' Thinness, delicacy of mem-
 brane.
 ■  LEPTOMER'IA. from Xtirros, 'thin, fine/ and
 ptpos,  'a  part.'  Fineness, delicacy of bodily for-
 mation.
   LEPTONTIQUES,  Attenuants.
   LEPTOPHONIA, Oxyphonia.
   LEPTOSPERMUM LEUCADENDRUM,
 Melaleuca cajaputi.
   LEPTOTHRIX, Leptotrichus.
   LEPTOTRICH'IA; same etymon as the next
 Fineness of hair.
I   LEPTOT'RICHUS,  Leptothrix, from  Xtirros. 
LEPTOTROPIIIA           534            LEUCORRH03A
•fine/ and ioi^, rpi^oj, 'hair.'  One who has fine
hair.
  LEPTOTROPH'IA,  Microtroph'ia, Microtra-
pezia, from Xtirros, 'light,' and rpoipn> 'nourish-
ment.'  Light nutrition.
  LEPTYNSIS, Emaciation.
  LEPTYNTICA, Attenuants.
  LEPTYSMUS, Emaciation.
  LEPYR, Lepra.
  LEREMA, see Dementia.
  LERESIS, see Dementia.
  LERUS, Delirium, see Dementia.
  LESEOLI MORBUS, Icterus.
  LESE'OLUS.  According to Paracelsus, a per-
fectly  transparent salt, whjch  cured jaundice:
bence Leseoli  morbus.
  LE'SION, La'eio, from ladere, laeum, 'to in-
jure.'   Derangement, disorder;  any   morbid
change, either inthe exercise of functions or in
the  texture of organs.  Organic  leeion  is syno-
nymous with organic dieeaae.
  Lesion of  Continuity, see Continuity, solu-
tion of.
  LESK. Inguen.
  LESSIVE, Lixivium.
  LESSIVE  DES SAVONNIERS, Liquor po-
tassae.  Also,  a solution of caustic soda in water,
containins about 3 parts of soda to 8 of  water.
  LESSfVE   DE  TARTRE, Liquor  potassae
subcarbonatis.
  LETALITAS, Mortality.
  LETHALIS. Lethiferous, Mortal.
  LETHALITAS, Mortality.
  LETHAR'GIC, Lethar'gicue, Veterno'eue, (¥.)
LSthargique.  Relating to lethargy; affected with
lethargy.
  LETHARGIQUE, Lethargic
  LETH'ARGY, Lethar'gia, Lethar'gue, Carue
lethargus,  Veter'nue,  Obliv'io inere, from Xn$n,
' oblivion/ and apyos, ' active.'  A constant state
of stupor from which it  is almost impossible  to
arouse the individual; and, if aroused, he speedily
relapses into his former condition.
  LETHEA, Papaver.
  LE'THEON, from  Xndn, 'oblivion.'  A name
given by some to sulphuric ether, when inhaled
as an anaesthetic agent.
  LETHIF'EROUS, Le'thifier,  Letha'lia, Lethif-
icua, Mor'tifer, Mortif'eroua, from XnOn,  'death/
and iptpw, 'I bear.'  Death-bearing;  deadly.
  LETHUM. Death.
  LETTUCE, Lactuca—1. Blue, Mulgedium acu-
minatum— 1. False, Mulgedium Floridanum—1.
Indian, see Calumba.
  Lettuce Opium, see Lactuca.
  Lettuce, Strong-scented, Lactuca virosa—1.
White, Nabalus albus—1. Wild, Lactuca elongata.
  LETUM. Death.
  LEU CADES, see Sclerotic
  LEUCE'MIA, Leuka'mia, Leucha'mia, from
AtvKos. 'white/ and 'aipa,  'blood,' (F.)  LeucSmie.
A condition of the blood in which it is  deficient
in colouring matter.   See Leucoeythaemia.
  LEUC-ETHIOPIA, see Albino.
  LEUCJETHIOPS, Albino.
  LEUCANIA. Laucania.
  LEUCANTHEMUM, Anthemis nobilis, Matri-
caria chamomilla—I.  Vulgare,  Chrysanthemum
  eucanthemum.
  LEUCE, Lepra (of the Jews.)
   LEUCELECTRUM, Succinum (album.)
   LEUCEMIE, Leucaemia.
   LEUCH.EMIA. Leucaemia.
   LEUCITIS. Sclerotitis.
   LEUCOCYTE, see Globules of the blood.
  LEUCOCYTH.E' MIA, 'white cell blood/from
 Xivkos.  'white,' kvtos,  'cell,' and  'aipa,  'blood.'
A condition of the blood, which consists in a su-
 perabundant development of the white corpuscles,
 a disease which has been observed at times to be
 accompanied by  enlargement of the  spleen and
 liver, and at others by increased size of the lym-
 phatic glands.  See Leucaemia.
   LEUCODENDRON, Melaleuca cajaputi.
   LEUC03NUS.  see Wine.
   LEUCOIUM,  Lunaria rediviva — 1. Luteum,
 Cheiranthus cheiri.
   LEUCOLACHANUM, Valeriana.
   LEUCOLEIN, Leukoleinum.
   LEUCO'MA, from  Xivkos, 'white.'   Ocnlo'rum
 albu'go, Leucom'ma, Leuco'eie, Albilgo, Albttla,
 Ceratoleueo'ma,  Ephel'otee.  Leucoma  and  Al-
 bugo are often used  synonymously to denote a
 white opacity of the cornea.  Both are essentially
 different from nebula of the cornea ; nebula being
 usually the result of chronic  ophthalmy and  an
 effusion of a milky serum into the texture of the
 delicate continuation  of the conjunctiva over the
 cornea; — the  others  are  the result of violent,
 acute ophthalmia.  In this state, a thick, coa^u-
 lable lymph is extravasated  from the arteries,
 sometimes  superficially, at other  times  deeply
 into the substance of the cornea.  On other occa-
 sions, the disease consists of a firm, callous cica-
 trix on this membrane,—the effect of a wound or
 ulcer with  loss  of substance.  The  affection  is
 inore'di0ficultof cure in proportion to its duration
 and to  the age of the  individual; the activity of
 the absorbents  being greater in youth.  If inflam-
 mation still exist, antiphlogistics must be perse-
1 vered in, and, afterwards, gentle stimulants be
j used to excite absorption;  along  with the   in-
 ternal use of mercury or iodine.
   Leucoma, Albumen — 1.  Gerontotoxon, Gero-
 toxon—1. Margaritaceum, see Margaritaceus.
   LEUCOMMA. Leucoma.
   LEUCOMORIA, Cuttubuth.
   LEUCONECROSIS, from Xivkos, 'white,'  and
 vtxpwois, ' death.'  A  form of dry gangrene,—the
 opposite in appearance to anthraconecrosis.
   LEUCONYMPHiEA, Nymphaea alba.
   LEUCOPATHIA,   see Albino,  Chlorosis—1.
 Partialis acquisita, Achroma.
   LEUCOPHAGIUM, Blanc-manger.
   LEUCOPHLEGMASIA, Leucophlegmatia—1.
 Dolens puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens.
   LEUCOPHLE GMA'TIA,  Leucophlegmaeia,
 Hydrope lencophlegma'tia,  Tume8cen'tia  pi'-ni-
 to'ea, from  Xivkos, 'white,' and ipXtypa, ipXtyparos,
 'phlegm.'   A  dropsical habit,  Hydrocachex'ia.
 Some writers  use the  word synonymously with
 ana8arca and oedema ; others with  emphyeema.
   Leucophlegmatia ^TniopuM, Chthonophagia.
   LEUCOPIPER, Piper album.
   LEUCOPYRIA, Hectic fever.
   LEUCORRHEE, Leucorrhoea.
   LEUCORRHOS'A, Fluxua seu Fluor miilie'bria,
 Proflu'vimn mulie'bre, Cur8ita  matri'cia,  Fluxua
 matrlcie,  Elytri'tie,  Coleoei'tie,  Colpi'tie, Deetil-
 la'tio u'teri, Flnxio alba seu vulva,  U/cite u'teri,
 Catar'rhua geiiita'lium, Hyeterorrhce'a  muco'ea,
 Catame'nia  alba, Meneee  albi,  Men'etrua alba,
 Menorrhag"ia alba, Fluor mulie'brie non Galli-
 cue,  Blennelyt'ria, Gonorrhce'a benig'na notha in-
 vetera'ta. Purga'tio mulie'brie alba, Alba pitrga-
 nien'ta, Cachex'ia uteri'na, Rheuma u'teri, U'teri
 Cory'za, Medorrhce'a femina'rum  ineone, Blen-
 norrhoe'a seu Bleunorrhag"ia genita''Hum, JEdcro-
 blennorrhae'a seu Medoblennorrho?'a femina'rum ;
 The whitee;  (¥.)  Flenre  ou Flueure blanche*,
 Pertee blanchee,  Econlement blanc, Catarrhe  utS-
 rin,  Perte  utSrine  blanche, from Xtveos, ' white,'
 and  ptw, 'I flow.'  A  more or less abundant  dis-
 charge of a white, yellowish, or greenish  mucus;
II resulting from acute or chronic inflammation, or
>i from irritation of the membrane  lining the genital 
LEUCORRHOIS             5
organs of the female.   Vag"inal Leucorrhoea has
been termed Blennorrhoea seu Fluor albus vagi-
na, Leucorrlnv'a, Medorrhce'a vagina.  Vaginitis,
Elytroblennorrhoe'a, Colporrhoe'a.— Uterine Leu-
corrhoea has received the names Fluor albus uteri,
Leucorrhoe'a seu Medorrhce'a uteri, Metroblennor-
rhce'a, Blennometri'tis, Metroblennoze'mia, Metro-
catar'rhus, Metroleucorrhoe'a, (F.) LeucorrhSe utS-
rine, Catarrhe  utSrin.   It is often attended with
pain and a sense of heaviness in the loins, abdo-
men and thighs; disordered digestive functions,
Ac, so that, at times, the  health suffers largely,
although there are  few females who are not occa-
sionally subject to  moderate leucorrhoea.   Atten-
tion to the general health, change of air, keep-
ing  up  a perspirable  state  of the surface by
flannel worn next the skin, the horizontal posture,
Ac, do more than  pharmaceutical agents; which
are almost? entirely confined to astringent injec-
tions.   These  may be  employed, when the dis-
charge is so  great as to require them.
   Leucorrhcea  Analis, see  Haemorrhois — 1.
Nabothi, see Parturition.
   LEUCORRHOIS, see Haemorrhois.
   LEUCOSES; from  Xtveos,   'white.'   In  the
nosology of M. Alibert,  all the  diseases of the
lymphatic apparatus.  The 7th family in his No-
sologic  In  that of Fuchs, it  is a family  of dis-
eases, (G.) Leukosen,  which includes  the va-
rious forms of anaemia.
   Leucosis, Leucoma,  Paleness.  See Albino.
   LEUK  or  LOCCHE,  MINERAL WATERS
OF.   Saline, chalybeate waters, about six leagues
distant from Sion.  They  contain  chloride of so-
dium,  with  a little sulphate  of  magnesia; sul-
phate of lime, carbonate of magnesia,  carbonic
acid, and protoxide of iron.
   LEUKAEMIA, Leucaemia.
   LEUKOLEIN'UM, Chinolein'um,  Leukol,
Leu'coleine,   Leu'colrin,   Chi'nolein,  Chi'nolin.
This substance is the product of the dry distilla-
tion of coal; mixed with  picolin. anilin and other
substances, in mineral tar.  It  is procured, also,
by heating quinia, cinchonia and  etrychnia, with
as concentrated a  ley of potaeea as can be made.
Its  specific  gravity is  1.081;  and it is  slightly
soluble in water, and miscible  in  all proportions
with alcohol, ether and essential oils.
   LEVAIN, Ferment.
   LEVATOR, Elevator.
   Leva'tor An'guli Oris, Abdu'cene labio'rum,
Eleva'tor  labiorum commu'nia,   Cani'nue,  (¥.)
Sue maxillo-labial, Petit sue-maxillo-lahial (Ch.),
Muacle canin.  A  small, flat,  long, quadrilateral
muscle, which arises from the fossa canina, and
is inserted at  the  commissure of the lips, where
it is confounded with the triangularis.  It raises
the corner of the  mouth, and  draws it  towards
the ear.
   Levator  Ani,  Levator magnue  seu  internus,
Latua ani,  Eleva'tor ani, Sedem attol'lene, (F.)
Pnbio-coceygien  annulaire, Soue pubio-coccygien
(Ch.),  Releveur de lanue. A  muscle, situate at
the lower part of the  pelvis.   It is broad,  flat,
quadrilateral, and  broader above than below.  It
represents a kind of membranous partition, which
closes  the  outlet  of the  pelvis,  and the upper
concavity of which is opposed to  that of the dia-
phragm.   It is attached, above, to the  posterior
surface of the body of the pubis, to tbe  upper
part of the  obdurator foramen, and to the spine
of the ischium;  and is inserted into the coccyx,
into an aponeurotic line common  to it and its
fellow, and  into the lateral parts of the rectum.
This muscle supports the rectum;  raises it, and
carries it upwards  during the evacuation of the
excrement.  It can,  also, compress the  bladder
and vesiculae seminales, and thus favour the ex-
pulsion of the urine and sperm.
LEVATOR
   Levator Ani Parvus, Transversus perinaei —
1.  Auris, Attollens aurem — 1. Coccygis, Coccy-
geus.
   Levator Glan'dul.* Thyroide^.  A muscl6
occasionally found connected with the upper bor-
der or isthmus of the thyroid gland; and attached
superiorly to the body of the os hyoides, or to the
thyroid cartilage.
   Levator Menti,  Levator labii  inferioris — 1.
Oculi, Rectus  superior  oculi — 1. Proprius sca-
pulae, L. scapulae.
   Levator Labii Inferio'ris, L. menti,  Elevator
labii infierio'rie seu labii inferiorie pro'priua, Inci-
ei'vue infe'rior, Mue'culus penicilla' tus,(¥ .)Houppe
du menton, Releveur de la llvre infSrieur ou du men-
 ton.  A portion of tbe mento-labial of Chaussier.
A  small  muscle  situate before the  symphysis
menti. It is thick, conical; and attached by its
apex to a fossette at the side  of the symphysis
in the inferior maxillary bone.   Its  fibres pro-
ceed diverging and vanishing in the manner of a
tuft, (¥.) Houppe, on the skin of the chin.  This
 muscle raises the chin, and pushes upwards the
lower lip.
   Levator  Labii Superio'ris  AljEque  Nasi,
 Inciei'vue  latera'lie  et pyramida'I is, (¥.)  Grand
sue-maxillo-labial (Ch.), ElSvateur commun  de
 1'aile du nez et de la llvre aupSrieure.  This mus-
cle is a fleshy, thin, triangular bundle, situate at
 the sides of the nose.  It arises from the ascend-
ing process of the superior maxillary bone:  thence
its fibres descend in a diverging manner, a part
being inserted into the ala of the nose, and a part
losing themselves in  the upper lip.  This muscle
 raises the upper lip and ala nasi, which  it draws
 a little outwards.
   Levator  Labii Superioris  Proprius,  Mus'-
 cuht8 inciei'vns, Elevator  labii euperioria pro-
 prius, (¥.) Moyen sus-maxillo-labial, (Ch.), Or-
 bito-maxillo-labial.   This thin, flat, quadrilateral
 muscle is situate at the  middle and  inner part of
 the face.   It arises from the os malae and the os
 maxillare superius, and  is inserted into the upper
lip, which it raises, at the  same time carrying it
 a little outwards.
   Levator  Pala'ti, L. Palati Mollis,  Petro-
 8alpin'go-etaphyllnus,  Salpin'go-staphyli'nua  in-
 ter'nua,  Salpingo-ataphylinua,  Pter'ygo-ataphyli-
mi8 externum, Spheno-ataphylinns, Spheno-palati' -
 nus,  Periataphylinne  internus superior, PStro-eta-
 phylin, (Ch.).  This muscle is long, narrow, and
 almost round above;  broader  and  flatter infe-
 riorly. It  arises  from  the lower surface  of the
 para petroaa; from  the cartilage  of the  Eusta-
 ehian-tube; and is inserted into the substance of
 the velum palati.  Its use  is to raise the velum
 palati.
   Levator Pal'pebr^: Superio'ris, Palpebra
 euperiorie primue, Apertor  Oc'uli, Ape'riens Pal-
 pebra'rum  rectue, Reclu'eor palpebra'rum, (¥.)
 Orbito-palpSbral  (Ch.),   Orbito - eue - palpSbral,
 ElSvateur de la paupilre  eupSrieure.  A  long,
 small, thin muscle, situate  at the  upper part of
 the orbitar cavity.  By its  posterior extremity it
 is inserted into the little ala of the sphenoid bone,
 immediately in front of tbe foramtn opticum, and,
 by its anterior extremity, which is expanded, it
 terminates at the  upper margin  of the tarsal car-
 tilage of  the  eyelid.   This muscle raises the
 upper eyelid,  draws it  backwards, and sinks it
 into  the orbit.
   Levator Pros'tata, (F.) Releveur de laproe-
 tate.  Santorini has given this name to the ante-
 rior  fibres of the levator ani, which embrace the
 prostate.
   Levator Scap'ula, Eleva'tor acapnia, E. seu
 Mue'culue Patien'tia, Angula'rie, Levator pro'pri-
 ue scapula,—(F.) TrachSlo-seapulaire (Ch.), An-
I gulaire de I'omoplate,  Rdeveur de  lomoplate. 
LEVATORES  COSTARUM
536
LICHEN
This muscle is so  called, because it is attached
to ; he upper and internal  angle of the scapula.
It is situate  at  the posterior and lateral part of ||
the neck, and at the upper part of the back.  It
is long, flat, and broader above than below.   In I
this latter direction, it is inserted into the supe- |
rior  internal augle of the  scapula; and, in the :
former, into the tops of the transverse processes
of the  first four cervical vertebrae.   It depresses ,
the prominence of the shoulder, by raising the
posterior angle of the scapula, on  which it im- '
presses a kind of rotary motion.  It can,  also, !
draw the head to one side.                      !
  Levator  Ure'thra, (F.)  Releveur de I'Url- j
(Are.   Santorini  describes under  this  name a
portiou of the transversus perinaei  muscle.
  LEVATORES COSTARUM, Supracostales.   |
  LEV EN, Ferment.
  LEVER,  from   levare,  'to lift  up.'  Vectia, |
Mochlue,  Porrec'tum.  An  inflexible rod, turning |
round  a fixed point, and used for moving bodies, I
bearing burdens, or raising them.  The point on |
which  the lever moves is called the Fulcrum, Hy-
pomoch'lion.  The force which moves the lever
is called the power ; and the weight to be moved,
the resistance.  There are three kinds of levers. |
A lever of the first kind has the fiulcrum between
the power and resistance.   A lever  of the eecond ;
kind has the reeistance between the fulcrum and
power; whilst  a lever of the  third  kind has the 1
power between the fulcrum and resistance.  In j
the locomotive system of  the  human body, we
have examples of all the three kinds.  The bones
represent levere;  the  muscles of locomotion are
powers;  the weight of parts  to be moved con-
stitutes the reeistance.  The fulcra, are, at times,
the joints; at others, the ground, Ac  The head
moves  01 the neck, as  a lever of the  first kind;
the first  cervical  vertebra  forming the fulcrum.
We rise on tiptoe by a lever of the second kind,
the fulcrum  being the ground under the toes;
and we have  examples of a lever of the third
kind in the flexion of the fore-arm on the arm, in
the elevation of the arm, Ac.
   Lever, Hystero-moch'lium, Mochlie'cue, Vectie
obatetric' iue, Vectie, (¥.) Levier, is an instrument j
curved at the extremity, and  having  a fenestra. I
It is used  to assist the extraction  of the child's J
head, when  instrumental aid is necessary.   Le- .
vers are,  also, used by the dentist for  extracting
stumps, Ac.  The  Levier de I'Ecluae, Langue de
Carpe, Trivelin or Punch, is employed for ex-
tracting the molar teeth.
  LEVI'ATHAN  PENIS, Pria'pue Ceti, Bale'-
nae. The penis of the whale.  This singular me-
dicine  was, at one time,  given in  powder, in
cases of dysentery and leucorrhoea.
   LEVIER, Lever—I. de I'Eduee, see Lever.
  LEVIGA'TION, Lieviga'tio,  from  lavigare,
lamga'tum, (lavie, 'smooth,')  'to polish.'   Por-
phyriza'tion.  An operation, by which bodies are
reduced to very fine powder.   It is performed by
putting substances, already pulverized, into water;
the coarser parts are not long in being deposited,
whilst  the  finer molecules  remain  suspended in
the water.   The liquor is decanted into another
vessel, and suffered to remain at rest, until the
fine  particles are  collected at the  bottom.   The
fluid part is then separated by decantation.
  LEVISTICUM,  Ligusticum levisticum.
  LEVRE, Lip.
  LEVRES GR ANDES, Labia pudendi—?. Pe-
titce, Nymphae—I.  de la Vulve, Labia pudendi.
  LEV URE, Yest—l. de la Bilre,  Yest.
  LEXIPHARMACUS, Alexipharmic.
  LEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge.
  LEY, Lixivium, Lye—1. Soap, Liquor potassae.
   [iEYS'SERA GNAPHALOFDES.  A South
African plant,  Nat.  Ord. Compositae,  which  ia
emollient, and highly reconiineuded at  the Cape,
in catarrh, cough, and even in phthisis.
  LEZARD, Lizard.
  LI AN A  REGLISSE, Abrus precatorius.
  LIA'TRIS  SPICA'TA,   Gayfieather,  Button
enakeroot.   Ord.  Compositae.   An  indigenous
plant, growing in meadows and moist grounds in
the Middle  and Southern  States.   Its beautiful
purple compound flowers are in a spike.   They
appear in August.  The root has been considered
diuretic.
  Lia'tris  Scario'sa  and   L.   Squarro'sa,
Throatwort, Sow-wort,  Backache root, Devilebitc,
Blazing  etar,  Prairie  pinee,  Rough  root,  are
called  from their reputed powers  in bites from
the rattlesnake, Rattleenake'e maeter.  The roots,
bruised, are applied to  the wound, and#the decoc-
tion, in milk, is given internally.
  LIBANOTIS  ANNUA,  Athamanta cretensis
—1. Coronaria, Rosmarinus — 1. Cretensis, Atha-
manta cretensis—1. Hirsuta, Athamanta cretensis.
  LIBANOTUS, see Juniperus lycia.
  LIBANUS, Juniperus lycia.
  LIBER PHARMACEUTICUS,  Dispensato-
rium.
  LIBIDINIS SEDES. Clitoris.
  LIBIDINOSUS, Libidinous.
  LIBID'INOUS,  Libidino'eue, Laeci'vue,  Ve-
neriv'ague ; from libido, ' lust,' Lech'eroue, Lick'-
oroue.  Lewd;  lustful.
  LIBI'DO.  Desire, necessity. Authors speak
of  Libido uri'na, Libido inteetlni.  Some em-
ploy it synonymously with Prurigo ; others, with
Salac"itaa, Lubi'do, Hi'meroe.
  LIBOS, from Xtifiw,  'to  drop.'   A  defluxion
from the eyes.—Galen.
  LIBRA, Pound.
  LICHANOS, Index, see  Digitus.
  LICIIE, Body.
  LICHEN, Xtixv" or Xixvv, (pronounced liken,)
Exor'mia Lichen, Leichen, Serpigo,  Volat'iea,
Pap'ula,  P. eicca, Petlgo,  Puetula  eicca,  Sca'-
biee eicca seu a'gria,  Licheni'aeie  adnlto'rum,
Li'chenoue raeh, (¥.) Galeelche, Dartre furfuracSe
volante, PoueeSe.  The cutaneous affection  de-
scribed under this name by the Greek writers, is
not clearly defined.  Some  have believed it to be
Impetigo, but this is doubtful.  The name is, now,
generally applied  to  a  diffuse  eruption  of  red
pimples,  accompanied by a troublesome sense of
tingling or pricking.  Drs.  Willan  and Bateman
define  it, — "an  extensive  eruption of  papulae
affecting adults, connected  with internal disor-
der, usually terminating in scurf;  recurrent,  net
contagious."  One  of  their  varieties,  however,
the Lichen  Tropicue, does  not accord  well with
this definition; for it affects children as  well as
adults, and is unconnected with  internal dis-
order.
  Lichen A'grius, L. A'gria,  Exor'mia Lichen
ferus, Lichen feme, Pap'ula a'gria, Wild Lichen,
is distinguished hy pimples in clusters or patches,
surrounded  by a red halo; the cuticle growing
gradually harsh, thickened,  and  chappy,  often
preceded  by general irritation.  In addition to
antiphlogistics, a cooling ointment may be used,
to allay itching.
  Lichen Barbatus Plicatus, L. plicatus.
  Lichen Circumscrip'tus is  characterized  by
clusters or patches of papulae, having a well  de-
fined margin,  and an irregularly circular form :
continuing for six or eight weeks. These varietiea
require but little medical treatment.  The anti-
phlogistic plan is all that is necessary.
  Lichen Ferus, Lichen agrius.
  Lichen Lit'idus.  The  papulae have  a dark
red or livid hue, without any fever.  They  are 
LICHEN  PILARIS            537              LIENTERY
 more permanent in this variety.  It requires the
 mineral acids and bark.
   Lichen Pila'ris, Exor'mia Lichen pilarie, is
 merely a modification of the preceding;  the pa-
 pulae appearing at the roots of the hair.
   Lichen Simplex, Exor'mia Lichen  eimplex,
 consists of an eruption of red papulae, appearing
 first on the face or arms, and afterwards extend-
 ing over the body; preceded  for a few days by
 slight febrile irritation, which usually ceases when
 the eruption appears,—with an unpleasant sense
 of tingling during the  night.   It generally dies
 away in ten days or a fortnight.
   Lichen Trop'icus, Exormia Lichen tropicne,
 Eczee'ma, Ee'eera [/],   Sudam'ina [/],  Prickly
 Heat,  Summer Raeh.   The pimples are bright
 red, and of  the size  of a small pin's head;  with
 heat, itching, and pricking, as if by needles.  It
 is local;  produced by excessive heat; and disap-
 pears  when  the  weather becomes cooler, or the
 individual is inured to the climate.
   Lichen Urtica'tus,  L. Urtieo'eue,  Exor'mia
 Lichen urtieo'eue, is another variety.  The Nettle
 Lichen  consists  of  papulae,  accompanied by
 wheals like  those of  nettle rash.   A variety of
 this is said to be called, in America, blights.
   Lichen, Wild, Lichen agrius.
   Lichen Aphthosus, Pelti'dea aphtho'ea;  Ord.
 Lichenaceae; is said to be cathartic and anthel-
 mintic.
   Lichen Arborum,  Lichen  pulmonarius — 1.
 Barbatus plicatus, Lichen plicatus — I. Blanc de
 Neige, L. caninus—I. Boitier, If. pyxidatus.
   Lichen  Caninus  seu epu'riue seu  terree'-
 trie seu veno'eue seu ciner'eue terree'trie, Mtiscus
 caninua, Phya'cia niva'lie, Peltig"era  cani'na,
 Pelti'dea  cani'na seu  leucorrhlza  seu mala'cea
 seu amplie'eima seu epu'ria, Ash-coloured Ground
 Liverwort, (¥.)  Lichen  contre-rage, Lichen blanc
 de neige.  This  cryptogamous  plant was, for a
 long time, considered  capable of preventing and
 curing Rabiee canina.  It has, also, been used in
 mania and in spasmodic asthma.
   Lichen Cinereus Terrestris, L. caninus — 1.
 Carrageen, Fucus crispus—1. Cocciferus, L. pyxi-
 datus— I. contre  Rage, L. caninus—I. Entonnoir,
 L. pyxidatus — t. Eryngifolius, L. islandicus—1.
 Floridus  hirtus,  L. plicatus — 1.  Hirtus, L. pli-
 catus.
   Lichen Islan'dicus, L. eryngifo'liue, Liche-
 noi'dee Island'icum, Loba'ria Islan'dica, Muacua
 Islandicus seu cathar'ticus, Clado'nia seu Phys'-
 eia seu  Cetra'ria seu Parme'lia Islan'dica, Ice-
 land Lichen or Liverwort or Moss, (F.) Lichen
 d'Islande, Mousse marine perlSe, Mou88e d'lalande.
 This plant is inodorous, with a bitter and muci-
 laginous taste. It is esteemed to be  tonic, demul-
 cent, and nutrient  Dose, £j to ^iv, being  first
 steeped in water holding in solution some  car-
 bonate of potassa to extract the bitter, and then
 boiled in  milk.  A bitter principle has been ex-
 tracted from it, termed  Cetrarin,  Cetrarlnum,
 Cetra'rium, which has been given in intermittents.
   Lichen Laciniatus, L. saxatilis—1. Parietinus,
 Parmelia parietina.
   Lichen Plica'tus, L. hirtua seu barba'tus pli-
 ca'tus seu Floridus hirtus, Parme'lia plica'ta, Ue-
 ne'a plica'ta, U. Flor'ida hirta seu hirta, Mitscue
 arbo'reue seu albue seu quemue, Querci'ni Herba.
 This plant is applied, by the  Laplanders, as an
 astringent,  to  bleeding vessels;  and  to parts
 which  are excoriated after long journeys.
  Lichen  Pulmona'rius, L. ar'borum  seu reti-
 eula'tne, Parme'lia pulmona'cea, Reticula'ria offi-
 cina'lie, Muectta pulmonariua querci'nua, Pulmona'-
 ria arbo'rea,  Loba'ria  pulmonaria, Sticta pulmo-
na'cea.  Oak  Lunge, Tree Lungwort,  Hazel Crot-
 tlee, Hazelraw, (¥.)  Lichen pulmonaire,  Pulmo-
maire en arbre ou de chine.  This plant  is sub-
 astringent, and rather acid.  It was once in high
 repute for curing diseases of the lungs.
   Lichen Pyxida'tus, Muscus Pyxida'tna, Scy~
 phoph'orue pyxida'tue, Mue'culue  pyxoi'dee ter-
 ree'trie, Lichen pyxida'tue major seu coccif'erua,
 Herba  Ignis, Cup Moss, (¥.) Lichen entonnoir,
 Lichen Boitier, L. PyxidS.   This  plant  is sub-
 astringent,  and has  been used in  decoction in
 hooping-cough.
   Lichen Reticulatus, L. pulmonarius.
   Lichen Roccel'la,  Parme'lia roccella, Roc-
 cella,  R. tincto'ria,  Seta'ria roccella, Litmus,
 Lacmue, L. tincto'rius,  Orchill, Cana'ry Archell,
 Ohinney Weed, Herb  Archell, (¥.) Oreeille.   The
 chief use of this  plant is as a blue dye.   It has
 been employed to allay cough in phthisis, Ae.
   Lichen Saxat'ilis,  L. tincto'rius seu lacinia'-
! tua, Parme'lia aaxalilia, Imbrica'ria eaxalilis,
| Loba'ria eaxalilie, Muacua  Cra'nii  huma'ni, Us-
| ne'a. This moss, when found growing on a human
 skull, was formerly  in high estimation  against
 head affections, Ac.
   Lichen Spurius,  L.  caninus — 1.  Stellatus,
 Marchantia polymorpha—1. Tinctorius, L. Saxa-
 tilis—1. Wall, yellow, Parmelia parietina.
   LICHENIASIS ADULTORUM,  Lichen —1.
 Strophulus, Strophulus.
   LICHENOIDES  ISLANDICUM, Lichen Is-
 landicus.
   LICKOROUS, Libidinous.
   LICINIUM, Tent.
   LICORICE, Glycyrrhiza.
   LICULMEN, Garum.
   LIEB'ENSTEIN,  MINERAL WATERS OF.
 These waters, situated in  the duchy of Saxe-Mei
 ningen, are  amongst the strongest acidulous cha-
 lybeates in Germany.  They contain sulphate of
 soda, chloride of sodium, sulphate  of lime, chlo-
 ride of calcium, carbonate of lime, chloride of
 magnesium, and carbonate of iron.
   LIEBERKUHNS GLANDS or FOLLICLES,
 Glan'dula seu Crypta Lieberkiihnia'na, so called
 from their first describer, are fine, capillary, blind
 sacs, the  openings of which  are from  l-20th to
 l-30th  of a  line  in  diameter, so closely placed
 oyer the whole of the  small intestine as  to give
 the  mucous  membrane a general  sieve-like or
 perforated appearance.  They secrete the  euccue
 entericue.
   LIEBERSCHE AUSZEHRUNG'S KRAU-
 TER, see  Galeopsis  grandiflora—1. Brust-
 krauter, see Galeopsis grandiflora.
   LIEBWERDA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
 Liebwerda is a Bohemian village,  near the Sile-
 sian frontier.  The springs are much frequented
 There are four, all of which  are rich in carbonio
 acid, and contain but little saline matter.
   LIEGE, Suber.
   LIEN (¥.), Vin'culum.  A band, strap or gar-
 ter, used in  certain operations; as to tie patients
 during the operation of lithotomy;  to fix the ap-
 paratus in fracture, Ac  Also, the spleen.
   LIEN  ACCESSORIUS, Lienculus—1. Ingens
 Splenoncus—1. Succenturiatus, Lienculus.
   LIEN'CULUS,  diminutive of lien,  'spleen,'
 Lien euccentnria'tue  seu accesso'rius.   A  super-
 numerary spleen.
   LIENITIS, Splenitis.
   LIENOSUS, Splenic.
   LI'ENTERY, Lienter'ia,  from Xtios, 'smooth,
 'slippery/ and tvrtpov, 'intestine'   La'vitas sen
 Lax'itas  intestino'rum,  Diarrhce'a  lienter'ia,
 Fluxue  Lienter'icue,  Chymorrhoz'a  seu Lax'itas
 ingeeto'rum, Bromatoec'crieia, Diarrhce'a Dyepep'-
 tica  seu cum Apepsid seu lngeato'rum, Slip'peri-
 ne88 of the Guts.  Frequent liquid  evacuations,
 the food only half digested.  This  condition is
 always  symptomatic  of great irritation  in th-9 
LIERRE                 538               LIGAMENT
Intestinal canal, the  sensibility of which is so
much augmented that it cannot bear the sojourn
of the food in it.
  LIERRE, Hedera helix—I. Grimpant, Hedera
helix—I.  Terreetre, Glechoma hederacea.
  LIFE,  Sax. Up, lyp,  Vita, Bioe, Blote, Blotoe,
Zoe, Pneuma,  Spir'itue, (¥.)  Vie.  The state of
organized beings, during which,  owing  to  the
union of an  unknown force  with matter, they
are  capable of performing  functions different
from those  that regulate other natural bodies; all
of which  functions, however numerous and diver-
sified, work to one end.   Life has only a limited
duration ; beyond which,—the  organic  functions
ceasing to be executed,—tbe body is given up to
the  agency of  chemical affinity.   Hence  Bichat
has  defined life to be—the aggregate of the func-
tione which reeiet death.   On account  of the  dif-
ference that exists among the vital functions, he
applied the term  Organic Life to the functions
inservient to composition  and  decomposition;—
as  digestion, respiration,  circulation,  calorifica-
tion, absorption, secretion, and  nutrition;  and
Animal Life, to the functions  which connect  man
and animals with external bodies; as the under-
standing, sensations, locomotion and voice.
   Life-Blood.  A term,  commonly  used for a
twitching or quivering of the eyelids—a kind of
involuntary or .muscular tic.  See Cillo.
   Life, Duration of, see Longevity.
   Life   Everlasting,  Gnaphalium  margarita-
ceum—1. Everlasting, plantain, Antennaria plan-
taginifolia — 1.  Everlasting, sweet-scented, Gna-
phalium  polycephalum.
   Life, Expectation of, see Longevity.
   Life-Insu'rance.   A  contract entered into,
usually by  an  ineurance company, to  pay  a  cer-
tain sum of money on a  person's death, on the
condition of  his   paying  an  annual  premium
during his life.  The medical practitioner  may
be applied  to to certify that the life of the insured
is one that is insurable according to the rules of
the company.
   Life Root, Senecio aurens.
   Life, Value of, see  Longevity, and Mortality.
   Life's Blood, Life-blood, Cillo.
   LIG'AMENT, Ligamen'tum; from ligare, liga-
tum, 'to  bind;' Deemoe, Syndee'vios,  Colliga'men,
 Cop'ula.   A  name given to  fibrous structures,
which serve to unite bones, and to form articula-
tions; hence the  division  into interoeeeoue  and
articular ligaments.  They are of a white, close
texture;  are but little extensible, and difficult to
break.   The name ligament has, also, been given
to any membranous fold, which retains an organ
In its situation.

      Table of the Principal Ligaments.
                    'Capsular ligament.
                     Suspensory ligament   of  the
                       stylo-glossus.
                     Lateral ligament.
                     Two capsular ligaments between
                       atlas and  head.
                     Circular ligament.
                     Two capsular between atlas and
                       axis.
                     Perpendicular ligament.
                     Two  lateral or moderator liga-
                       ments.
                     Transverse  ligament and its ap-
                       pendices.
                     Anterior common.
                     Crucial intervertebral.
                     Ligaments  running from the
                       edge of the bony arch and spi-
                       nous process of one vertebra
                       to that of tbe next
                     Tnterspinous ligament.
                     Ligamentum nuchas.
                     Intertransverse.
                    Capsular.
                    . Posterior or internal common.
1. Of the Lower Jaw.
2.   Connecting   the
  Head with the first
  and  second  Verts-
  bra, and these with
  tack other.
% Of the other Verte-
       bra.
4. Of the Bibs,  Ster-
     num, dbc.
5. Of the Pelvis..
6. Of the Clavicle..
Capsular of the bead of ribs.
Caprular of the tubercles.
Ligamenta  transversuria   in
  terna.
Ligamenta  transversaria   ex-
  terna.
Ligamenta  cervicis   costarum
  externa.
Ligamentous  fibres  running
  from  the  margins of the ex-
  tremities  of the ribs to  tiie
  corresponding cartilages.
Radiated  ligaments from carti-
  lage of ribs to the sternum.
Capsular ligaments of  the curti-
  lages of the ribs.
Proper membrane of sternum.
L. of cartilago-ensiformis.
Tendinous expansions over tbe
  intercostales, &c.

Two transverse,—one  superior,
  one inferior.
Ilio-sacral.
Capsular of the  sacro-iliac  syn-
  chondrosis.
Two  sacro-ischiatic, — posterior
  and anterior, with the superior
  and inferior  appendices.
Longitudinal of os coccygis.
Inguinal ligament.
Capsular of symphysis pubis.
Ligament of  foramen  thyroi-
  deum.

' Radiated ligament.
Capsular.
Interclavicular.
Ligamentum rhomboideum.
Claviculo-acromial.
Conoid.
Trapezoid.
1-OftheScapiM......{^^SSSS"

8. Of ^w^er-JCapgular.
9. Of the Elbow-Jmnt.
11. Between Fore-arm
     and Wrist.
 fCai
■iTvi
 LMi
                    Capsular.
                    Brucbio-ulnar.
                    Brachio-radial.
                    Coronary of the radius.
                    Anterior and  posterior acces-
                      sory.
                    Intermuscular of  the os  hu-
                      meri.

10. Carpal Extremity (Interosseous ligament.
  of Radius andUlna.] Oblique or chorda transversalis
  and  between  those \   cubiti.
  bones.            (Capsular.
                    Capsular.
                    Two lateral.
                      ucous.
                   i Annular.
                    Capsular.
                    Short    ligaments. — oblique,
                      transverse,  capsular,   and
                      proper.
13.  Between  Carpal)
  and    Metacarpal
  bones.            J
14. Between the extre- (Interosseous, at  the  bases and
  mities of the Meta-i   heads, — dorsal,  lateral,  pal-
  carpal bones.      (.  mar.
15. At  the base of the]
  Metacarpal bone of r    ,
  the Thumb, and at ^T"1,ar'
  the first joint of the  LllXeTai-
  Fingers.          J
16.  Of the  first and]
  second jmnts of the  c    ,
  Thumb, and second \ , aj'  ,
  and third jmnts of\ ^wral-
  Vie Fingers.       J
b Articular lateral.
"Straight, perpendicular, Ac.
17.  Retaining    the
  Tendons  of   the
  Muscles of the Hand
  and  Fingers  in
  situ-
Annular.
Vaginal or flexor tendons.
Vaginal or crucial of the  pha-
  langen.
Accessory  of  the  flexor  ten-
  don!).
Posterior annular.
Vaginal of extensors.
Transverse of extensors. 
LIGAMENT               539                  LIGHT
19. Of tltt Knee-Jdnt.
20. Omnecting Fibula
    and Tibia.
21.  Connecting
  Tarsal  with
  Leg Bones.
the
the-
                  (Capsular and accessory slips.
                  Round or teres ligament.
                  Cartilaginous ligament.
                  Double cartilaginous ligament.
                  Ligamenta mucosa.
                 / Lateral, — internal  and  exter-
                    nal.
                  External  short  lateral  liga-
                    ment.
                  Posterior ligament.
                  Ligament of the patella.
                  Capsular.
                  Ligamentum alare, — majus et
                    minus.
                  Ligamentum mucosum.
                  Two crucial,—anterior and pos-
                    terior.
                  _ Transverse.
                  ' Capsular.
                   Interosseous.
                   Anterior superior.
                   Posterior superior.
                  ' Anterior ligament of the fibula.
                   Posterior of fibula.
                   Deltoides of tibia.
                   Capsular.
                  ' Capsular.
                   Short ligaments.
                   Capsular, broad superior, and
                     lateral ligaments, connecting
                     astragalus and naviculare.
                   Superior, lateral, and  inferior,
                     fixing oa calcis to os cuboides.
                   Long, oblique, and  rhomboid,
                     forming  the  inferior  liga-
                     ments.
                   Superior  superficial, interosse-
                     ous and  inferior  transverse
                     ligaments, fixing the os navi-
                     culare and os cuboides.
                   Superior  lateral, and  plantar,
                     which fix the  os  naviculare
                     and cuneiform.
                   Superior superficial  and plan-
                     tar,  connecting the  os  cu-
                     boides, and os cuneiforme ex-
                     ternum.
                   Dorsal and  plantar, uniting the
                     ossa cuneiformia.
                   The proper capsular  of  each
                     bone.
                  ("Capsular.
                   Dorsal, plantar, lateral, straight,
                  [  oblique, and transverse.
                  1 Dorsal,  plantar,  and  lateral,
                     connecting  the  metatarsal
                     bones.
                   Transverse ligaments.
25. Of the Phalanges f Capsular.
22. Of the Tarsus..
23.  Between  Tarsus^
  and Metatarsus.
of the Toes.
6.  Retaining    the
 Tendons   of   the
 Muscles of the Foot'
 and Toes in situ.
\ Lateral
 Annular.
 Vaginal of the tendons of the
   peronei.
 Laciniated.
 Vaginal of the tendon of the
   flexor longus pollicis.
 Vaginal and crucial of the ten-
   dons  of  the  flexors  of the
   toes.
 Accessory of the flexor tendons
   of the toes.
 Transverse of the extensor ten-
   dons.
  Ligament,  anterior,  of  the  Bladder.  A
name given by  the  older anatomists to a por-
tion of the superior pelvic  aponeurosis, which
becomes attached to the front of the neck of the
bladder.              ,
  LIGAMENT  ARTERIEL, Arterial ligament
—1. Camper's, Perineal fascia—1. Cervical supra-
spinal, see Supraspinosa  ligamenta — I. Ciliaire,
Ciliary ligament.
  Ligament,  Cor'onart, of  the Liver, is a re-
flection formed  by tbe peritoneum, between the
posterior margin of the liver, and the  lower sur-
face of the diaphragm.  See Falx.
  Ligament,  Costo-xiphoid, Xiphoid  ligament
__/. DentelS, Denticulatum ligamentum—I. Den-
ticulS,  Denticulatum  ligamentum — 1. Dorso-
lumbo-supraspinal, see Supra-spinosa ligamenta
— 1. of Fallopius, Crural arch — 1.  Gimbernat's,
see Gimbernat's ligament—1. Glossepiglottic so
Glossepiglottic—1. Infra-pubian, Triangular liga-
ment— /. InterSpineux, Interspinal  ligament — 1.
of the Ovary, see Ovarium—1.  Palmar inferior,
Metacarpal ligament — 1. Poupart's, Crural arch
—I. Rond, Teres ligamentum—/. Sur-Spineux cer-
vical,  see  Supra-spinosa ligamenta—I. Sur-epi-
neux-dorao-lombaire, see Supra-spinosa ligamenta
—1. Suspensory, of  the liver, see Suspensory—1.
Triangular, Perineal fascia.
   LIGAMENTA ALARIA,  Odontoid ligaments
— 1. Apicum, see Interspinal ligament — 1. Coli-
see Colon—1. Interlobularia  pulmonum,  Interlo-
bular  tissue — 1. Intervertebralin,  Intervertebral
cartilages—1. Lata uteri, see  Uterus — 1. Mau-
 charti, Odontoid ligaments — 1. Rotunda uteri,
 Round ligaments of the uterus — 1. Tarsea lata,
 see Tarsea lata (ligamenta).
   LIGAMENTEUX, Ligamentous.
   LIGAMENTOSUS, Ligamentous.
   LIGAMEN'TOUS,  Ligamento'eue, Deamone,
 Deamo'eu8, (¥.) Ligamenteux, Deemeux.  Having
 the character of, or relating to, a ligament.
   LIGAMENTS, BROAD,  OF  THE UTERUS,
 see Uterus—I. CroiaSs, Crucial ligaments—I. Cru-
 cifiormes,  Crucial ligaments — I. Juitnea, Yellow
 ligaments — I. Largea de 1'utSrua, see Uterus —  1.
 of the Larynx, inferior,  Thyreo-arytenoid liga-
 ments—I. Ronde de I'utSrue, Round ligaments of
 the uterus.
    LIGAMENTUM,  Ligament —1.  Arteriosum,
 see Arterial duct—1. Capsulare, Capsular  ligament
 —1. Ciliare, Ciliary ligament—1. Conoides,  Conoid
 ligament—1. Dentatum,  Denticulatum ligamen-
 tum— 1. Fallopii, Crural arch — 1. Iridis,  Ciliary
 ligament—1.  Latum,  Suspensory ligament of the
 liver—1. Membranaceum, Glosso-epiglottic lisra-
 ment—1. Nuchas, Cervical ligament—1. Posticum
 Winslowii, see  Genu — 1. Suspensorium  dentis,
 see Odontoid ligaments—1. Suspensorium hepatis,
 Suspensory ligament of the liver—1. Suspenso-
 rium  testis, Gubernaculum testis-—1. Teres, Teres
 ligamentum—1. Trapezoides, Trapezoid  ligament
 —1. Triangulare, Triangular ligament.
    LIGATE,  see Ligature.
    LIGATIO, Fascia, Ligature—1. Linguae, Apho-
 nia.
    LIGATION, see Ligature.
    LIGATURA,  Ligature,   Fascia—1.  Glandis,
 Phimosis.
    LIG'ATURE, Ligatn'ra,  Liga'tio, Alligatu'ra,
 Deliga'tio,  Vinctu'ra,  Faecia, Epid'eeie.   This
 word has various acceptations.  It means, 1. Tbe
 thread with which an artery or vein is  tied,  to
 prevent or arrest  hemorrhage.  2. The cord, or
 thread, or wire, used for removing tumours, &c.
 3. The bandage used for phlebotomy.  Ligature
 is, also,  sometimes applied to the act of tying an
 artery or considerable vessel—Liga'tion, and oc-
 casionally we meet with the  terms  to ligature and
 to ligate, used unnecessarily in this sense, in place
 of to take up or tie a vessel.  When the artery
 alone is tied, the ligature is  said to be immediate ;
 when any of the surrounding parts are  included,
 it is said to be mediate.  The ligature occasions
 obliteration  or  adhesion  of the arterial parietes,
 by cutting through the middle and  internal coats ;
 the adhesion being favoured by the formation of
 a coagulum, which  acts, in  some degree, as  a
 barrier against tbe impulse of tbe blood, and sub-
 sequentlv disappears by absorption.
    LIGHT, Sax. leohr. liht,  (G.) Licht, Lux
I Lumen,  Phoe, (P.) Lumilre.  An extremely rare
 fluid ; diffused over the universe ; emanating from
 the  sun and fixed  stars;  traversing more than
 four  millions of leagues  in a minute;  passing
, through transparent bodies, which refraot it ae- 
LIGHTNING              540                LIMATIO
eording to their density and combustibility; and !
arrested by opake bodies, by which it is reflected
at an angle equal to the angle of incidence.   It
is the cause of colour in all bodies, being entirely
reflected by white surfaces and absorbed by black.
It is decomposed in passing through a transpa-
rent prism into seven rays—red, orange, yellow,
green, blue, purple, and violet.
  Light acts upon the body as a gentle and salu- |
tary stimulus.   It  urges  to exercise, whilst pri-
vation of it induces sleep and  inactivity, and dis-
poses to obesity.  Hence it is, that, in  rural eco-
nomy, animals which are undergoing the process
of fattening are kept in obscurity.  When vege-
tables  are deprived of light, their nutrition is in-
terfered with,  and they become  etiolated.  To a
certain extent this applies to  animals, and there
is every reason to believe, that want  of light pre-
vents  the due development of organized bodies.
It has been found that, when tadpoles were de-
prived of light, they did not undergo the perfect
metamorphosis into the frog,  but that monstrosi-
ties from arrest of development were induced.
  LIGHTNING, Astrape.
  LIGHTS, Pulmo—1. Rising of the, Cynanche
trachealis.
  LIGNE,  Line — I.  Apre,  Linea aspera — I.
Blanche, Linea alba—I. Courbe,  Curved line — I.
MSdiane de Vabdomen, Linea alba—I. Soue-tro-
chantSrienne, Linea aspera.
  LIG'NEOUS, Ligno'eue,(¥.) Ligneitx. Woody.
Having the. character or appearance of wood; as
' Ligne'oue Scirrhus,' or S. of the mamma,  which
has for its principal characteristics, hardness, the
 raextensibility of wood, and no defined limits.—
Velpeau.   A  form  of this, in plates, or diffused
over  the  mammary integuments, is termed,  by
 M. Velpeau, Squirre en cuirasee.
  LIGNIN, from lignum, ' wood.'  Ligneous or
woody fibre;  the fibrous structure  of vegetable
substances.
   LIGNUM ALOES, Agallochum—1. Aspalathi,
Agallochum—1. Benedictum, Guaiacum—1. Brasi-
lianum rubrum, Haematoxylon  campechianum—
1. Caeruleum,  Haematoxylon  campechianum — 1. .
 Campechense, Haematoxylon campechianum — 1. j
 Campechianum, Haematoxylon campechianum — j
 1. Campescanum, Haematoxylon campechianum—
 1.  Colubrinum, see Strychnos — 1.  Febrifugum,
 Quassia — 1. Haematoxyli, Haematoxylon campe-
 chianum—1. Indicum, Guaiacum, Haematoxylon
 campechianum—1. Infelix, Sambucus—1. Nephri-
 ticum, Guilandina Moringa (the wood)—1. Pava-
 nae, Croton tiglium—1. Quassias, see Quassia — 1.
 Sanctum, Guaiacum — 1. Sandalinum, see Ptero-
 carpus santalinus—1. Sappan, Haematoxylon cam-
 pechianum—1. Serpentum, Ophioxylum serpenti-
 num—1. Vitas, Guaiacum.
   LIGNYODES, Fuliginous.
   LIGNYS, Fuligo.
   LIG'ULA, Lin'gula, 'a small tongue, a tongue
 of land;  the  tongue of a shoe.'   The clavicle ;
 also, the glottis and epiglottis.  A  measure con-
 taining 3 drachms and a scruple, or about half
 an ounce. Also, a species of bandage or ligature.
 —Scribonius.
    LIGUSTICUM, L. Levisticum.
   Ligusticum Actjeifo'lium,  Thae'pium aetai-
 fo'lium, Angelica In'cida, Angelica Nendo, White
 root, indigenous ;  Ord. Umbelliferae.  The root is
 aromatic and carminative.
    Ligusticum Capillacbum, iEthusa meum — 1.
 Carvi, Carum—1. Foeniculum, Anethum.
    Ligus'ticum Levis'ticum. from AiyvartKos, ap-
 pertaining to Liguria.   Levie'ticnm, Laserpitium
 German'icum, Ligusticum, Angelica levia'ticttm.
 seu palttdapifio'lia. Lavage.  (¥.) Livlche, Ache
 ties utoittagnes.   Ord. Umbelliferae.   The  pro-
 perties of this plant are said to be stimulant, car-
 minative, emmenagogue, <fec
   Ligusticum Meum, .^Ethusa meum—1. Phellan-
 drium, Phellandrium aquaticum.
   Ligusticum PoDAGRA,RiA,.Po"'".'7'r< '> iaagopo'-
 dium, JSgopo'dium seu Sison podagra'ria, Pim-
 pinella angelicafo'lia, Sium vulya'ri, Tragoeeli'-
 num  angelica, See'eli agopo'dium, Angelica syU
 veetrie, Gout-weed.   A  British  plant,  once  con-
 sidered useful in cases of gout.
   Ligusticum Silaus, Peucedanum silaus.
   LIGUSTRUM uEGYPTIACUM, Lawsonia in-
 ermis.
   Ligus'trum Vulga'rS,  Privet, Privy, Prim,
! (F.)  Troene.   Ord.  Oleaceae.   A shrub, which
' grows wild both in Europe and  in the  United
I States, usually in hedges.  The leaves are astrin-
I gent and bitter; and tbe flowers, which are snow-
 white, and  of an agreeable odour, have been em-
I ployed in decoction, in  sore throat, and ulcerous
 stomatitis.  The berries are said to be cathartic.
   LIGYSMA, Distortion.
   LILAC, COMMON, Syringa vulgaris—1. Vul-
 garis, Syringa vulgaris.
   LILI, Lilium Paracelsi.
   LILIA'GO.  Dim. of Lilium,  the  lily; Spi-
 derwort; Lilias'trum.   This plant was formerly
 said to be alexipharmic and carminative.
   LILIASTRUM, Liliago.
   LIL'IUM  CAN'DIDUM, L. album,  Crinon.
 The white lily.  (¥.) Lie blanc.   Ord. Liliaceae.
 The infusion of the flowers of the lily in olive oil
 is emollient, and often  applied externally, under
 the  name of Lily oil,  (¥.) Huile de lie.  The
 scales  of the bulb,  roasted, are sometimes em-
 ployed as maturatives.
   Lilium Convallium, Convallaria maialis.
   Lilium  Paracel'si,  Tinctu'ra  Metallo'nrm,
 Lili.  A medicine employed by Paracelsus.  It
 was prepared by melting in a crucible four ounces
 of each of the following alloys: Antimony and
 iron, antimony and tin, antimony and copper, pre-
 viously mixed with  eighteen ounces of nitrate of
 potassa and as much salt of tartar.   The melted
 mass, when pulverized, was treated with rectified
 alcohol, which really dissolved only the potassa set
 at liberty by the decomposition experienced by
 the nitre>and salt of tartar.  The Lilium Paracelsi
 was used as a  cordial.  It entered into the com-
 position of the theriacal elixir, Ac
   LILY, GROUND, Trillium latifolium—1. May,
 Convallaria maialis—1. Pond, Nelumbium luteum
 —1. Pond, White, Nymphaea odorata — 1. Pond,
 yellow,  Nuphar advena — 1.  Toad, Nymphaea
 odorata—1. of the Valley, Convallaria maialis—1.
 Water, little,  Brasenia hydropeltis — 1. Water,
 sweet,  Nymphaea  odorata — 1.  Water,  sweet-
  scented, Nymphaea odorata—l.Water,white, Nym-
 phaea alba—1. Water, yellow, Nymphaea lutea—1.
  White, Lilium candidum. Nelumbium luteum.
    LIMA, CLIMATE  OF.   The climate of Peru
  does not appear to be favourable to  the genera-
  tion of consumption:  and Lima would  seem to
  be a good residence for the phthisical valetudina-
  rian.   Many have  been benefited by a residence
  there; but when  they have gone farther <outh. aa
  to  Chili, the effect,  according to Dr. M. Burrough,
  has generallv been fatal..
    LIMA DENTARIA, Scnlprum dentarium.
    LIMAC1EN (¥.), from  limacon, (Umax, lima-
  cis, 'the  snail,') 'the cochlea of the  ear.'  A
  branch of  the  acoustic or labyrintbic nerve sent
  to tbe cochlea.
    LIMACON, Cochlea, Helix pomatia, Limax—
  I. Rampee du,  see Cochlea.
    LIMACUM CORNUA. see Lachrymal puncta.
    LTMANCHIA. Abstinence.
    LIMA'TTO. from lima, limatnm,  'to file.'  Fi-
 ll ling:  an operation  employed by the  dentist moro 
LIMATURA FERRI         5
 especially  to  prevent immediate contact of the
 teeth with each other.
   LIMATURA FERRI, Ferri Limatura.
   LI MAX, Xstpas', XtipaKos, Helix, Slug or Snail,
 (¥.) Limaoon, Colimacon, Eacargot.   A syrup has
 been prepared from these animals, which has been
 given in phthisis, Ac.  The raw snails have also
 been  taken in  consumption.    They have  been
 used as food.
   LIMB,  Membrum.
   LIMBUS ALVEOLARIS, Alveolar border—
 1. Fossae  Ovalis, see  Ovalis fossa — 1. Luteus re-
 tinae, see Foramen centrale—1. Posterior corporis
 striati, Taenia semicircularis.
   LIME.   A fruit like a small lemon, the  juice
 of which  is strongly acid, and  is much used for
 making punch.   It is, also, used in long voyages
 as an antiscorbutic, Ac.  It is a species of lemon,
 the fruit of Citrue acida.
   Lime, Calx—1. Carbonate of, Creta—1.  Chloride
 of,  Calcis chloridum—1. Chlorite of, Calcis  chlo-
 ridum—1. Chloruret of, Calcis chloridum—1. Hy-
 drate of,  see Calx —1. Hydrosulphate of, Calcis
 Bulphuretum — 1. Hypochlorite  of, Calcis chlori-
 dum—1. Muriate of, solution of, see Calcis murias
 —1.  Oxyinuriate of,  Calcis chloridum—1. Phos-
 phate of,  see Cornu  ustum—1.  Bone phosphate
 of, see Cornu ustum—1. Slaked, see Calx—1. Sul-
 phuret of, Calcis sulphuretum.
   Lime Tree, Tilia—1. Water, Liquor calcis — 1.
 Water, compound, Liquor calcis compositus.
   LIMICUS, Hungry.
   LIMITROPHES, see Trisplanchnic nerve.
   LIMNE, Marsh.
   LIMNE'MIC, Limna'mic,  Limnhe'mic,  Lim-
 na'micue,  Limnha'micue, from  Xipvn, 'a marsh,'
 and 'aipa, 'blood.'  An epithet given to affections
 induced by paludal  emanations; (¥.) Affectione
 limnhSmiquee.
   LIMOCTON'IA, Abstinence.  Abstinence  to
 death.  Death from hunger ; from Xipos, ' hunger,'
 and ktovos, 'death.'   Suicide by hunger.
   LIMODES, Hungry.
   LIMON, see Citrus medica.
   LIMONADA, Lemonade.
   LIMONADE, Lemonade—I. Gazeuee, see Le-
 monade— I. Slche,  Lemonade, dry;  see Citric
 acid.                                •
   LIMONIUM, Statice limonium—1. Malum, see
 Citrus medica.
   LIMONUM BACCA, see Citrus medica.
   LIMO-PHTHISIS, from Xipos, ' hunger,' and
 tpOtets,  'wasting.'  Wasting from  privation of
 food.
   LIMOS, Xipos, ' hunger.'  Hence :
   LIMO'SIS, Stomach dieeaee,  Morbid appetite.
 A genus in the class  Cceliaca, order  Enterica, of
 Good.
   Limosis Cardialgia Mordens, Cardialgia—1.
 Cardialgia sputatoria, Pyrosis—1. Dyspepsia,  Dys-
 pepsia—1.  Expers, Anorexia—1. Expers protracta,
 Fasting — 1. Flatus, Flatulence — 1.  Helluonum,
 Gluttony—1. Pica, Malacia.
   LIMOTHERAPEI'A, Neetitherapela,  Neeto-
 therapela,  Neatiatri'a,  Peinothe.rapla,  Cura'tio
 morbi  per ine'diam,  from  limoe,  and Stpairtta,
 'treatment.'   Hunger-cure.  Cure by fasting.
   LIMUS, Limos,
   LTN, Linum usitatissimum—I. Graines de, see
 Linum usitatissimum—I. Purgatifi, Linum cathar-
 ticum.
  LIN A IRE, Antirhinum linaria.
  LINAMENTUM, Linteum.
  LINARIA,  Antirhinum  linaria — 1. Cymbala-
ria, Antirhinum  linaria—1. Elatine,  Antirhinum
elatine—1.  Vulgaris, Antirhinum linaria.
  LINCTUARIUM, Eclectos.
  LINCTUS.  Eclectos—1. Albus, Looch album—
L Auiygdalinus, Looch  album — 1. ad Aphthas, „
41                LINGUAL
 Mel boracis—1. de Borace, Mel boracis—1. Com-
 munis, Looch album.
   LINDEN  TREE, Tilia, Tilia Americana.
   LINE, Lin'ea,  Gramme,  (¥.) Ligne.   Extent
 in  length, considered without regard  to breadth
 or  thickness.  As a measure, it means  the 12th
 part of an inch.
   Median Line  of the  Body is an imaginary
 line supposed to set out from the top of  the head
 and to fall between the feet, so as to divide the
 body vertically into two equal and symmetrical
 parts.
   LINEA, Line.
   Linea Alba,  Linea  alba  Abdom'inis,  (¥.)
 Ligne  blanche ou mSdiane  de labdomen  (Ch.),
 Candid'ula abdom'inie lin'ea, Lin'ea centra'lie,
 A  tendinous, strong, and highly resisting cord;
 extending from the ensiform cartilage of the ster-
 num to the symphysis pubis, with the umbilicus
 near its middle.  The linea alba is formed by the
 decussation  of the aponeurosis of the abdominal
 muscles; and its use is to limit the movement of
 the chest  backwards ; to  prevent it from separa-
 ting too far from the pelvis, and to furnish a fixed
 point  for the muscles of the abdomen in their
 contraction.
   Linea As'pera, Ragged ridge, (¥.) Ligne dpre,
 Ligne eous-trochantSrienne, (Ch.)  A rough pro-
 jection at the posterior surface of  the  femur,
 which gives  attachment to muscles.
   Linea Candidula Abdominis, L. alba—1. Cen-
 tralis,  L. alba—1. Innominata,  Ilio-pectinea
 Linea.
   LINE.E ARCUATJE, Curved lines —1. Semi-
 circulares externae, Curved lines.
   Linea  Semiluna'res  are  the  lines,  which
 bound  the outer margin of the recti muscles of
 the abdomen.  They are formed by the union of
 the abdominal tendons.   The lines which cross
 these muscles are called Linea transversa.
   Linea Tib'ia, An'guli  tib'ia.  Sharp lines on
 the tibia.
   Linea Transversa, see  L. semilunares, and
 Processus teretes.
  LINE AIRE, Linear.
  LIN'EAMENT, Lineamen'tum, from linea, 'a
 line,' lineare, ' to mark by lines.'  A delicate trait
 observed on  the  countenance, which constitutes
 its  special character, enables us  to preserve it;j
 image,  and is the cause of resemblance to others.
 A feature.
  Bonnet gave the name  LinSament to the first
 traces of organization in the embryo of man  and
 animals.
  LIN'EAR, Linea'rie, Linea'riue,  from linea,
 ' a  line.' (F). LinSaire.   Pathologists apply the
 epithet linear to fractures  which are very narrow,
 and in which the fragments are scarcely sepa-
 rated.
  LINE'OLA; a diminutive of linea, va line.'  A
 small line.
  Line'ola Mamma'rum.  The white lines on the
 breasts.
  LINGISM, Kinesipathy.
  LINGUA,  Tongue — 1. Avis, see Fraxinus  ex-
 celsior—1. Bovis, Anchusa officinalis—1.  Canina,
 Cynoglossum — 1. Cervina, Asplenium scolopen-
 drium — 1. Exigua, Epiglottis — 1. Prognosis ex,
 Glossomantia—1. Serpentaria, Ophioglossum vul-
 gatum.
  Lingua Detentor, Glossocatochus — 1. Exon-
 cosis,  Glossoncus—1. Scalpium, Cure-langue.
  LIN'GUAL, Lingua'lie, from  lingua, 'the
 tongue.' Relating or belonging to the tongue.
  Lingual Ar'tery, Arte'ria  Hngna'lia,  arises
 from the external carotid;  and, after several tor-
tuosities, reaches the base of the tongue, becomes
horizontal, and, under the name Ranine, advances 
LINGUALIS             542              LINIMENTUM
to the tip, where  it anastomoses with its fellow.
In its course, it gives off the Doraalis lingua and
inhlinynal.
  Lingual  Muscle,  Lingua'lie,  Baeio-gloeeue
(Cowper), Gloasia'nu8, is a small, long, fasciculus
of fibres, hidden beneath the sides of the tongue,
between the hyoglossus  and  styloglossus  mus-
cles, which are on the outside, and the genioglos-
sus, within.  This muscle passes from the base to
the tip  of the tongue; and, at its  sides, is con-
founded with  the muscles just  referred to.  It
shortens the tongue, depresses  its point, and can
?arry it to the right or left side.
  Lingual  Nerve is  a  name which has  been
given to  the  ninth  pair  or  hypoglossus.   It
is, also, a term  applied  to  a  branch given off
from  the Inferior  maxillary,  or  third  branch
of the  fifth  pair.   Near its origin it anastomoses
■vith, or simply  runs  close to,  the chorda  tym-
pani. It afterwards gives  off a considerable num-
ber  of  filaments, which  are distributed to the
tongue,  and some of which are said to have been
even traced  as far as  the papillae; — a distribu-
tion  which has occasioned  it to be regarded as
the Gua'tatory nerve, (¥.)  Nerfi guatatifi.
  Lingual  Salivary Glands,  see  Salivary
glands.
  Lingual Vein follows nearly the  same distri-
bution as the artery.  It opens into  the  internal
iugular.
  LINGUALIS, Lingual muscle.         •
  LINGUETTA LAMINOSA, Lingula.
  LING ULA, Ligula.
  Lin'gula, Linguelta lamino'sa. A thin, trans-
versely  grooved  lobule of gray substance, de-
rived from the anterior border of the cerebellum,
which, for a short distance, lies  over the velum
nelullare anterius.
  Lingula Fistula, Epiglottis.
  LINI USITATISSIMI SEMINA, see  Linum
usitatissimum.
  LIN'IMENT, Linimen'tum, Litus, Enchrie'ton,
Catachris'ton, Perich'rieie, Perichrie'ton,Aleiph'a,
Aleim'tna, Enchria'ta, Frictnm, Fricato'rium, In-
unc'tio,  from linire, Hnitum, 'to anoint  gently,'
' to  anoint.'  An  unctuous  medicine, containing
usually  oil or lard,  which is used externally in
the form of friction.
  Limiment of Ammonia, Compound, see  Lotion,
Granville's.
  LINIMENT AMMONIACAL,  Liniinentum
ammoniae — I.  de Carbonate d'Ammoniaque,  Li-
niinentum ammoniae carbonatis.
  Liniment, Anodyne,  Liniinentum opii.
  LINIMENT  ANTIHEMORRHOID ALE
DE SIEUR ANDRY, (F.)  This  is  formed of
Norbonne honey,  Olive oil, and  Turpentine.
  LINIMENT  ANTIPARALYTIQUE,  (F.)
Composed of eubcarbonate of ammonia, alcoholized
oil, black eoap, and ot7 of roeemary.
  Liniment, Antiscrof'ulous, of  Hufeland.
Composed of fresh ox-gall,  White,  soap,   Un-
guentum altha'a,  Volatile oil of petroleum,  Car-
bonate of ammonia, and Camphor.
  LINIMENT CALCAIRE, Linimentum aquae
calcis — 1. Camphor, Linimentum camphorae — I.
CamphrS, Linimentum camphorae—1.  of  Cantha-
rides, camphorated,  Linimentum e cantharidibus
camphoratum—I. Cantharide camphrS, Linimen-
tum e cantharidibus camphoratum—1. Croton oil,
Linimentum crotonis — I. d'Eau de chaux, Lini-
mentum aquae calcis—1. of  Limewater, Linimen-
tum aquae calcis—I. de  Mercure, Linimentum hy-
drargyri— 1. Mercurial, Linimentum hydrargyri
— I.  OlSo-calcaire, Linimentum aquae calcis—1.
of Opium, Linimentum opii.
  LINIMENT RESOLUTIF DE POTT, com-
| posed of oil of turpentine and muriatic acid.  Used
 in rheumatism, swellings, Ac.
   Liniment,  Saint John  Long's.  A  linimont
 used by a celebrated empiric at the commence-
 ment of the second quarter of  the 19th century.
 It is said  to  have consisted of oi7 of turpentine
 and acetic acid, held in suspension by yolk of
 egg.  It was a powerful counter-irritant.
   LINIMENT DE SA VON, Linimentum  sapo-
i nis compositum—I. de Savon opiacS, Linimentum
 saponis et opii.
   LINIMENT SAVONNEUX HYDROSUL-
 FURE DE JADELOT.  Composed of aulphurct
 of potaae,  ^vj; white eoap. Ibij;  oil of poppy,
 ftiv ; o»7 of thyme, gij-  Used in itch.
   Liniment,  Simple, Linimentum  simplex — 1.
 Soap, Linimentum saponis — 1. Soap and opium,
 Linimentum  saponis et opii—1.  Soap, compound,
 Linimentum saponis compos.—1. Turpentine, Li-
 nimentum  terebinthinae — 1. of Verdigris,  Lini-
 mentum aeruginis — I. de  Vert-de-grie, Linimen-
 tum seruginis—I.  Volatil, Linimentum ammonias
 fortius.
   LINIMENTUM, Liniment.
   Linimen'tum jEru'ginis,  Ox'ymel AEru'ginie,
 Unguen'titm AZgyptiacum, Melli'tum de aceta'te
 cupri,  Liniment of verdigrie,  (¥.)  Liniment  de
 Vert-de-gris, Miel d'acState de cuivre.  (jErugin.
 cont. %j ;  acet. ^vij; rnlli* dea:.am. pond. ,^xiv.
 Liquefied, strained, and  inspissated by boiling.—
 Ph. L.)  It is used as an  escharotic and deter-
 gent;— diluted, as a gargle in venereal ulcera-
 tions and in foul ulcers.
   Linimentum Album, Ceratum cetacei, Unguen-
 tum cetacei—1. ad Ambustiones, L. aquae calcis.
   Linimentum  Ammo'nia,  Sapo ainmoniaca'lie,
 Linimen'tum  ammonia'tum  seu  ammo'nicum seu
 Anglica'num, Sapo ammo'nia olea'ceue, Unguen'-
 tum album reeol'vene, Oleum ammonia'tum, Strong
 liniment of ammonia, (¥.) Liniment volatil  on
 ammoniacal,  Savon ammo?iiacal.  (Liq. ammon.
 f|j; olei  oliva,  f,^ij.  Mix.—Ph. U. S.)  A
 stimulating and rubefacient soap.
   Linimentum Ammo'nia Carbona'tis,  Liniment
 of ettbcarVonate of ammo'nia,  Linimentum am-
 mo'nia eeaquicarbona'tis, L. volat'ile, Hartshorn
 and  oil, (¥.)  Liniment  de carbonate d'ammoni-
 aque.   (Solut. subcarb.  ammon. f£j;  olei  oliv.
 f^iij.  Shake till  they unite.—Ph. L.)   A stimu-
 lating liniment, mostly used to relieve  rheumatic
 pains, bruises, Ac.
   Linimentum Ammonia Compositum, see Gran-
 ville's  Lotion — 1. Ammoniae  Sesquicarbonatis,
 Linimentum Ammoniae  Carbonatis—1. Ammoni-
 atum seu  Ammonicum,  L.  Ammoniae  fortis — 1.
 Anglicanum, L. Ammoniae fortis—1. ad Aphthas,
 Mel boracis.
   Linimentum Aqua Calcis,L.  Calcis (Ph. U. S ),
 L. ad ambuetio''nes, Oleum  lini cum calce,  Sapo
 calca'riiis,  Liniment of  limewater, Carron oil,
 (because much used in the  Carron iron works in
 Scotland), (F.) Liniment d'eau  de  chaux, Savon
 calcaire,   Liniment calcaire  ou   olSo-calcaire.
 (Olei  lini, aqua  calcie, aa  f^ij.  Misce.)  A
 cooling  and emollient application  to burns and
 scalds.
   Linimentum Arcai,  Unguentum elemi  com-
 positum— 1. de Borace, Mel boracis—1. Calcis,
 L. aquae calcis.
   Linimentum Cam'phora, Oleum Camphora'tum,
 Solu'tio camphora oleo'ea, Camphor liniment, (¥.)
 Liniment  CamphrS, (Camphora, Qv ; olei oliva,
 f^ij.  Dissolve. — Ph.  U.  S.)   It  is used  as a
 stimulant and discutient.
   Linimentum Cam'phora  Compos'itum, Ward's
 eeeence for the headache, Compound camphor lini-
 ment.  (Catnphor.  5iiss; ol. Lavand.   f^j; Sp.
 rectificat.  f^xvij;  Liquor  ammon. fiortior.  f3iij.
i Dissolve the camphor and oil in the spirit; add 
LINIMENTUM            543                   LIP
the ammonia, and shake  till  they are  mixed.
Ph. L.)  It is stimulant and discutient.
  Linimentum Canthar'idis, Zi'ni'men<o/.Spanish
Fliee.  (Cantharid. in pulv. Jj ;  Ol. Terebinth.
Oss.  Digest for three hours by means of a water-
bath,  and strain.—Ph. U. S.)  Used as an  exci-
tant liniment in typhus, Ac.
  Linimentum  e  Cantharid'ibus Camphora'-
tum, Camph'orated liniment of  canthar'idea,(¥.)
L. cantharide camphre.  (Tinct. cantharid. Jss;
ol. amygd. dulc. Jiv; eapon. amygd. Jj ; camphor.
J^ss.  Dissolve  the camphor in the oil, and add
the mixture to the tincture and soap. — Ph. P.)
Rubefacient, and discutient.
  Linimentum  Croto'nis,  Croton  oil Liiliment,
(Ol. Croton, f Jj;  01. Terebinth, f Jvij, M.  Ph. D.)
Rubefacient, causing an eruption when continued.
   Linimentum  Hydrar'gyri,  L.  Hydrar'gyri
compo8'itum, Mercu'rial liniment, (¥.) L. de Mer-
cure.   (Ung. Hyd. fort., adip. prap. aa, Jiv;
camphora, Jj ; ep. rect. gtt. xv; liquor  ammon.
f Jiv.  Rub the camphor with the spirit;  add the
ointment and  lard;  and,  lastly, gradually add
the solution.—Ph. L.)  It is used  as a stimulant
and discutient to venereal swellings, Ac.
   Linimentum  Hyperici, see Hypericum perfo-
ratum.
   Linimentum  Opii,  Liniment  of Opium. An'o-
dyne  Liniment.   (Sapon. ^vj;  Opii. Jiss;  Cam-
phor. Jiij ;  Ol. Roamarin. f £vj; Spirit rectificat.
Oij. (Imp. meas.)  Macerate the soap and opium
in the spirit for  three  hours; filter, and add the
oil and camphor.—Ph. L.)  Anodyne and slightly
rubefacient.
   Linimentum  Plumbatum, Unguentum plumbi
Buperacetatis — 1.  Saponaceum opiatum,  L. Sapo-
nis et opii.
   Linimentum  Sapona'ceum Hydrosulphura'-
tum.   (Common Soap, 500 p.  Liquefy in a water
bath  in an  earthen vessel; and add white poppy
oil, 250 p. Mix intimately, and add dry eulphuret
 of potaee, 100 p.   Beat together,  and add oil of
poppy eeed, 750 p.—Ph. P.)  In cutaneous affec-
tions, as psora, herpes, Ac.
   Linimentum  Saponato-camphoratum, L.  Sa-
ponis camphoratum.
   Linimentum  Sapo'nis, Tinctu'ra aaponia cam-
 phora'taCPh.XJ.S.),Camphorated Tincture of Soap,
 Soap Liniment.   (Saponie  concis. Jiv; camphor.
Jij;  Ol.  Roemarin. fjss;  alcohol. Oij.   Digest
the soap and alcohol  in a  water-bath, until the
former is dissolved.; filter,  and  add the  camphor
and oil. — Ph. U. S.)  Used in sprains,  bruises,
and as an embrocation.
   Linimentum  Sapo'nis  Camphora'tum, L.  S.
compoe'itum, L.  Sapona'to-camphora'tum,  Bal-
samum opodeldoc, Tinctu'ra saponis camphora'ta
 (Ph.  U. S.), Opodeldoch, Steer's opodeldoch, Com-
pound Soap Liniment, (¥.) L. de Savon.   (Sapon.
rasur. Jiv; Camphor. Jij ;  Ol. Roemarini, fjss;
Aqua, fJiv; Alcohol. Oij.   Mix the alcohol  and
water ; digest the soap in  the mixture by means
of a water-bath,  until it is  dissolved: filter, and
add the camphor and oil.—(Ph. U. S.) Stimulant
and anodyne; in bruises, local  pains, Ac
   Freeman'a Bathing Spirita consist of lin. sapon
comp. coloured with Daffy's elixir.
   Jackson's Bathing Spirits differ from Freeman's
in the addition of some essential oils.
   Linimentum  Sapo'nis et Opii, L. eapona'ceum
opia'tum, Soap and opium  lin'iment, Batee'e ano-
dyne  baleam, Balsamum anod'ynnm, Tinctura sa-
ponis et opii, (¥.) L. de Saron  opiacS.  (Saponie
duri. Jiv: opt i,  Jj : camphora, Jij; olei rods-
marin. fjss; alcohol.  Oij.—Ph.  E.)  Anodyne;
in chronic rheumatism and local pains in general.
   Linimentum  Simplex. Simple Liniment.  (Ol.
oliv. 4 p.; cer<e alba, 1 p. fiat linimentum.—Ph.
E.)   Emollient;  used in chaps, Ac.
  Linimentum Simplex, Unguentum cerae.
  Linimentum Terebin'thina, L. Teitbinthina'-
turn, Turpentine liniment.  (Cerat. resina, ft)j;
ol. terebinth. Oss.   Melt the cerate and stir in the
oil.)  A stimulant; applied to burns,  Ac
  Linimentum Volatile, L. ammonias carbonatis.
  LINN, Tilia Americana.
 'LIXNJS'A, L. Borea'lie.   Ord. Caprifoliaceae.
This plant,  called after  Linnaeus, has  a bitter,
sub-astringent taste; and is used, in some places,
in the form  of fomentation, in rheumatic pains.
An infusion  in milk is used in Switzerland for the
cure of sciatica.
  LINOSPERMUM, see Linum usitatissimum.
  LINSEED, see Linum usitatissimum.
  LINT. Carbasus, Linteum.
  LINTEAMEN, Linteum, Pledget.
  LIN'TEUM, 'a linen cloth,' from linum, 'flax,
linen,' L. carptum seu raeum, Lintea'men, Oth'-
one, Othon'ion,  Car'basus,  Car'basa,   Oar'pia,
Motos,  Mote,  Motum,  Linamen'tum,   Tilma,
Xystos,  Xysma, Achne, Lint, (¥.) Charpie.  A
soft, flocculent substance, made by scraping old
linen cloth,  (F.)  Charpie rdpSe, or by  unravel-
ling old linen cut into small  pieces — (F.)  Char-
pie brute ; and employed in surgery as a dressing
to  wounds, ulcers, Ac, either simply or covered
with ointment.
   Linteum  Carptum,  see Linteum—1. Rasum,
see Linteum—1. Scissum. Splitcloth (bandage.)
   LINUM,  see Linum usitatissimum—1. Arvense,
L.  usitatissimum.
.   Linum Cathar'ticum, L. min'imum, Chamall-
niim, Purging flax, Mill mountain,  (¥.) Lin pur-
gatifi.   Ord. Linaceae.  This plant is possessed
of  cathartic properties, and  has  a bitterish, dis-
agreeable taste.   Dose, gj> in substance.
   Lin cm Crudum, see  Apolinosis — 1.  Minimum,
L.  Catharticum.
   Linum  Usitatis'simum, L.  arven'se,  Common
flax, (¥.) Lin.  The seed, Linum, (Ph. U. S.),
Sem'ina  lini  ueitutie'eimi,  Linosper'mum,  Lin-
seed, Flaxseed, (¥.) Grains de Hit, are inodorous,
and almost tasteless;  yielding mucilage to warm
water, and oil by expression.  They are demul-
cent and  emollient.   Linseed, when ground into
powder,  forms a  good emollient poultice.  It is
only necessary to stir the powder into boiling
water.  The oil,  Oleum  lini, Flaxeeed  oil, (¥.)
Huile de Lin, is emollient and demulcent.
   LIONDENT, Leontodon taraxacum.
   LION'S FOOT, Nabalus albus, Prenanthes —
1. Tail, Leonurus.
   LIOPODIA, see Leiopus.
   LIOPUS, Leiopus.
   LIP, Sax. and Germ. Lippe, Cheiloe, La'bium,
Labrttm, (¥.) Llvre.  [In  Entomology, labium
means the lower lip, — labrum, the upper.]  The
lips are composed of different muscular fasciculi,
nerves, and vessels, covered by the skin  and mu-
cous membrane of the mouth. They circumscribe
the anterior aperture of that  cavity;  and are in-
servient to mastication, pronunciation, Ac. They
are distinguished  into upper and lower — Ano-
ehellon;  and Catochei'lon, (Prov.) Fipple — and
are placed in front of each jaw, forming between
them the anterior aperture of the mouth.  They
unite at each side, and form what  are called  the
anglee or commisaurea  of the month —  Chal'ini.
Their free edge is covered with  a mucous mem-
brane, of a  more or less livid red, according to
the individual.  They  receive their arteries from
the external carotid.  Their veins open  into  the
two jugulars.  Their lymphatic vessels descend
into the  ganglions  situate  beneath  the chin.
Their nerves are  derived from the infra-orbitar,
mental, and facial.
  Lips, La'bia, (¥.) Llvres de la vulve, are folds
belonging to the  genital organs of  the femalei 
LIPA                  544                LIQUOR
and distinguished into — 1. Labia puden'di seu
Cunni seu majo'ra. Episla, Ala puden'di mulie'-
brie, Hytrochei'lidex, Rupee, Ala majo'ree,  Crem'-
noi, (¥.) Grandee Llvres.  These are two mem-
branous  folds, thicker above than below, which
limit the vulva laterally, and extend from  the in-
ferior part of the mons veneris to the perinaeum.
They unite  anteriorly and posteriorly, forming
commissures;  the  posterior of which is called
Fourchette.  Their outer surface is convex;  formed
of skin and covered with hair.  The  inner sur-
face is white, and covered by a mucous membrane,
continuous with that lining the other parts of the
vulva.   The space  between the skin and  mucous
membrane is filled with a fatty tissue and fibrous
bands, some fibres of the constrictor vaginae  mus-
 cle, vessels, and nerves.
   We speak, also, of the  lipe  of a  wound, ulcer,
 Ac, when alluding to the edges of these solutions
 of continuity.
   LIPA, Aura, fat; also, Lippitudo.
   LI'PARA,  from Xtirapos,  'fatty.'   Plasters,
 containing  much oil or fat.
   LIPARIA, see Polysarca.
   LIPAROCE'LE, Lipoce'll, from Xtrapos, 'fatty,'
 and KnXn, ' tumour.'  Lipo'ma, or  fatty  tumour
 of the  scrotum, Her'nia pinguedino'ea ecroti.
   LIPARODES^ Fatty.
   LIPAROIDE, Cerate.
   LIPAROLE, Pomatum, Pommade.
   LIPAROTES, see Polysarcia,
   LIPAROTRICH'IA, from Xnrapos, 'fatty,' and
 $fȣ> TptXoi' 'hair.' Too great oiliness of the hair.
   LIPARUS, Fatty.
   LIPASMA, see Polysarcia.
   LIPE MANIA, Melancholy, see Lypemania.
   LIPH.EMIA, Leiphaemia.
   LIPH^MOS, Leiphaemos.
   LIPO or LEIPO, Xttirw, ' I leave,'  ' I forsake.'
 Hence, Leipopeychia, Leipothymia.
    LIPOCELE, Liparocele.
    LIPODERMIA, Aposthia.
    LIPODERMOS, Leipodermos.
    LIPO'MA, Lypo'ma, from Aura, 'fat.'  A fatty
 tumour of  an encysted or other character.
    LIPOMATODES, Lipomatous.
    LIPOM'ATOUS, Lipomato'eue,  Lipomato'dee,
 (¥.) Lipomateux.  Having the nature of lipoma
 —as a ' lipomatoue mass.'
    LIPOME'RIA, Leipome'ria, from Xtitrw,  'I
 leave,' and ptpos, a 'part.'  Monstrosity from ar-
 rest of development, or from defect.  Deficiency
 of one or more of the parts of the  body; for ex-
 ample, in one who has only four fingers.
    LIPOPSYCHIA, Syncope.
    LIPOS,  Fat.
    LIPOSIS, see Polysarcia.
    LIPOSPHYXIA, Syncope.
    LIPOTHYMIA, Syncope.
    LIPPA, Chaeeie.
    LIPPER,  Lepra, Leprous.
    LIPPIA, Adali.
    LIPPITU'DO,  Ophthalmia ehron'ica  of some,
  Lippitude, Blear-eye, Blear-eyedneee, Blear'ed-
  ness, Lappa, Lipa, Xerophthalmia, Lema, Leme,
  Lemoe'itae, Gleme, Glama,  Gra'mia.   A copious
  secretion of the sebaceous humour  of the eyelids,
  which  renders them gummy.  It  is  owing to a
  state of chronic inflammation of the tarsal mar-
  gins ;  the  eyelids being generally red, tumefied,
  and painful.
    Lippitudo Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia.
    LIPPUS.  one  affected with blear  eye;  blear-
 eyed ;  (F.) Chaeeieux.
    LIP>IS ANIMI, Syncope.
    LIPSOTRICHIA, Alopecia, Calvities.
    LIQUAMEN, Garum.
  LIQUAMU'MIA*, Adepe huma'nue.   Tlnmsn
fat.—Ruland and Johnson.
  LIQUAR1UM, Syrupus simplex.
  LIQUATIO, Liquefaction.
  LIQUEFA'CIENT, Liquefa'ciene, from liquid-
ue, 'liquid,' andfiacere, 'to make.'  A medicinal
agent, which seems to have the power of liquefy-
ing  solid depositions.  To this  class  mercury,
iodine, Ac. have been referred by some.
  LIQUEFACTION,  Liqua'tio,  Liquefac'tio;
same etymon.  Transformation  of a solid sub-
stance into a liquid.  It is used particularly in
speaking of metals and fatty bodies, see Fusion.
   LIQUEUR DE L'AMNIOS, Liquor amnii—
I. d'Alumine CompoeSe, Liquor aluminis compos.
—I. Anodine d'Hoffman, Spiritus aetheris sulphu-
rici  compositus—/.  Anodine  nitreuee,  Spiritus
aetheris nitrici — I. ArsSnicale,  Liquor arsenicalis
—I. Fumante de Boyle, Ammoniae sulphuretum,
Liquor fumans Boylii—I. Volatile de Come de cerf,
Liquor volatilis cornu cervi—I. de Cuivre ammo-
niacal, Liquor cupri ammoniati—I. de Fer alca-
line, Liquor ferri alkalini — I. de  Soue-acState de
 plomb, Liquor plumbi subacetatis—I. de Potaeee,
Liquor potassae—I. du Sang, Liquor  sanguinis—
I. de Soue-carbonate de potaaae, Liquor potassae
subcarbonatis.
   LIQUID, ADHESIVE,  MAYNARDS, Collo-
dion—1.  Disinfecting, Burnett's, see Burnett's dis-
infecting liquid — 1. Disinfecting, Labarraque's,
 Liquor  sodae  chlorinatae — 1.  Disinfecting,  Le-
 doyen's, see Ledoyen's disinfecting liquid.
   LIQUIDAMBAR ASPLENIFOLIA, Compto-
nia asplenifolia—1. Officinalis,  see Styrax—1. Pe-
regrina,  Comptonia asplenifolia.
   Liquidam'bar   Styracif'lua,  Liquidam'bro,
i Sweet gum,  White gum.   Ord. Balsamineae.  The
I name of the tree which affords the Liquid amber
I and Storax liquida,  Styrax liquida or Liquid
\ storax.  Liquid amber is a resinous juice of a
 yellow colour, inclining to red ;  at first of about
 the consistence of turpentine;  by age,  harden-
 ing into a solid, brittle  mass.  It is not used
 medicinally.
   Styrax Liquida is obtained from this plant by
(boiling.   There are two sorts, — one more pure
 than  the  other.   It is  used occasionally, as a
 stomachic, in the form of plaster.
   LIQUIDE AMNIOTIQUE, Liquor Amnii—I.
  CSphalo-rachidienne, Cephalo-spinal fluid.
   LIQUIDUM NERVEUM,  Nervous fluid.
   LIQUIRITIA,  Glycyrrhiza.
   LIQUOR, (liqueo, ' I am liquid,') Liqua'men,
  Hygron, Hy'grotee, (F.) Liqueur.  A name given
!  to  many  compound liquids,  and especially  to
  those the bases of which are water and alcohol.
   Liquor Acidus  Halleri, Elixir acidum Hal-
,  leri — 1. .aStbereus, Ether — 1. iEthereus sulphu-
  ricus, Spiritus aetheris sulphurici.
   Liquor Alu'minis Compos'itus, Aqua alu'mi-
:  nia compoa'ita seu alumino'sa Batea'na, Bates's
  alum water, Compound  solu'tion of Alum, (¥.)
  Liqueur d'alumine  composSe.   (Aluminis, zinci
  sulphat. sing.  Jss,  aqua fervent. Oij.   Dissolve
  and filter through paper.)  Detergent and stimu-
  lant. Used as a collyrium,  when  properly di-
  luted, in  ophthalmia; as an injection in gleet,
  leucorrhoea, Ac.
    Liquor ex Ammonia et Oleo Succini, Spiritus
  ammoniae succinatus
    Liquor Ammo'nia, L. ammonia pura, Alcali
  ammoniacum flu'idum,  Ammo'nia  liq'uida  seu
  caus'tica  liquida  seu pura  liquida, Lixiv'ium
  ammoniaca'le,  Spiritus salis ammoniaci aquo'eue,
  Aqua ammonia seu  ammonia caus'tica, Liquid
  ammonia, Solution of ammonia, (F.) Ammoniaque
  liquide. Directed to be made  in the Pharm. U.
  S. from muriate of Ammonia, in fine powder ; and
i  Lime, each a pound; dietilled water a pint; water, 
LIQUOR                  545                 LIQUOR
nine fluid ounces.  The water is employed to slake
the lime ; this is mixed with the muriate of am-
monia and put into a glass retort in a sand-both.
Heat is applied so as to drive off  the ammonia,
which is made to pass into a quart bottle contain-
ing the  distilled water.   To  every ounce of tbe
product  three and a half fluidrachms of distilled
water are added, or as much as may be necessary
to raise  its s.  g. to 0-96.   This Liquor Ammoniae
may also be made by mixing  one  part of liquor
ammoniae fortior with two parts of distilled water.
(Ph. U. S. 1842.)   Its s. g. is  0960.   Liquor
Ammonia  fortior,  Stronger  solution of ammo-
nia (Ph. U. S.) is an aqueous solution of ammonia
of the s. g. 0882. Liquor ammoniae is stimulant,
antacid, and  rubefacient.   Dose, gtt. x to xx, in
water or milk.
   Liquor Ammonia Aceta'tis, Alcali ammoni-
acum  aceta'tum,  A.  volat'ile  aceta'tum,  Aqua
aceta'tie ammo'nia seu ammo'nia aceta'ta, Solu-
tion  of acetate  of ammonia, Ace'tae ammonia,
Spirit of Milidere'rus, Sal ammoniacum vegetab'-
He, Spir'itue ophthalmicus Mindere'ri, Sal aceto'-
8i(« ammoniaca'lis.  (Acid, acetic, dilut. Oij, Am-
mon. carbonat. in pulv.  Add tbe salt to  the acid
until it is saturated.  Ph. U. S. 1851.) A sudorific;
externally, cooling.   Dose, f 5Jij to f Jiss.
   Liquor Ammonia Sesquicarbonatis, Liquor
Ammoniae Subcarbonatis.
   Liquor Ammonia Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate
of Ammonia.  This preparation is  officinal in tbe
Dublin Pharmacopoeia.  It is made by saturating
a solution of  citric acid with  eeequicarbouate of
ammonia.  It is given in cases of adynamic fever.
   Liquor  Ammonia  Subcarbona'tis.  Liquor
Ammonia Sesquicarbona'tis, Solu'tio subcarbona-
 tis ammonia,  Aqua carbonatis ammonia,  Solution
of subcarbonate of ammonia,  Water of car'bonate
of ammonia.   (Ammonia carbon. Jiv, aqua  dee-
tillat. Oj.   Dissolve and  filter  through paper.)
 Use; — the same as that of the carbonate of  am-
moniae.
   Liquor Ammonii  Hydrothiodis, Ammoniae
sulphuretum—1. Ammonii vinosus, Spiritus  am-
 moniae.
   Liquor Am'nii, Aqua amnii.  The liquor of the
amnios.  (F.) Eau ou Liqueur de Vamnios, Liquide
amniotique.   The fluid exhaled  by the  amnios,
and which envelops  the foetus during the whole
period of utero-gestation.  It is  often simply
called the waters, (¥.) Les Eaux.   Its  relative
quantity diminishes as pregnancy  advances, al-
though its absolute quantity continues to increase
till the period of delivery.  In some women, only
five  or  six  ounces  are met with : in others, it
amounts to  pints.  It is  limpid, yellowish, or
whitish ; exhales a faint smell, and has a slightly
saline taste.  It contains water in considerable
quantity;  albumen ;  chloride of sodium ;  phos-
phate of lime; an alkaline substance ;• and a par-
ticular acid.   It facilitates the dilatation of the
uterus,  and  aids delivery by acting as a  soft
wedge enclosed in its membranes, Bag of waters,
Poche des Eanx, Ac.  It is probably inserviont to
useful purposes in the nutrition of the foetus.
   Liquor  Amnii, False.  The  fluid contained
between  the  amnion and chorion in  the early
periods of fcetal existence.
  Liquor, Anodyne, Hoffmann's, Spiritus aethe-
ris sulphurici compositus—1. Anodynus martialis,
Alcohol  sulphurico-aethereus ferri.
  Liquor Anod'ynus Terebinthina'tus.  A for-
mula prescribed by Rademacber in cases  of gall-
stone, and of  obstructions  and indurations of the
liver and spleen.  It was composed of Hoffmann's
anodyne liquor Jj ; rectified oil of turpentine Qij.
Dose,  5  to 10  drops.  It resembles the Remlde de
Durande, Mixture lithontriptique de Durand, M. I
de Whitt, fithSrolS d'essence de tSrSbenthine, which '
       3»
 is formed of Sulphuric ether, 30 parts : Essence
j of turpentine, 15 parts.  It is used in  the same
I cases.
j   Liquor Arsenica'lis,  L. Potas'sa  arseni'tii
 (Pb. U. S.), Solu'tio arsenicalis seu araenica'ta se\
 areeni'tia  kalica, Areen'ical solution, Miu'erat
 solvent, Ar'senis potas'sa  liq'uidits  seu potasau.
 aqno'au8,  Fowler's  solution  of  arsenic, Sol rem
 minera'le, Italian poieon, Acqua seu Aqua Toffa'-
 nia, Acqua  delta Toffana, A. di Napoli, Acquel-
 ta [?], Tasteless ague drop, (¥.)  Liqueur arseni-
 cale.   (Acid. Arsenios. in  frustulis, potassa car-
 bonatis pur., sing. gr. lxiv., aqua destillat. q. s.
 Boil together the  arsenious acid and carbonate
 of  potassa  with twelve  fluidounces  of distilled
 water, in  a  glass vessel, until the arsenic is dis-
 solved.  When the solution is cold,  add Spirit.
 lavand. c. f^iY; and  as much distilled water as
 will make the whole  one  pint.   Ph.  U. S.)  f^j
 contains gr. ss of the arsenious acid.  Dose, gtt. x.
   For Pearson's Solution, see Arseniate of Soda.
   Liquor Arsenici CHLo'RiDi^oZnfion of Chloride
 of Areenic, of the London Pharmacopoeia of 1851,
 is made by  boiling Arsenious acid 3ss, in hydro-
 chloric acid f^iss  (Imp.  meas.), mixed with a
 fluidounce of distilled water, until it is dissolved :
 then adding water to make the  quantity a pint
 (Imp. meas.)  Each  fluidounce  contains a grain
 and a half of arsenious acid, or an  equivalent
 quantity of terchloride.  Properties tbe same as
 those of Liquor Arsenicalis. It is. a substitute for,
 and imitation of De  Valangin'e  Arsenical Solu-
 tion, Solu'tio solven'tis minera'lie, much used  by
 many British practitioners.  Dose, gtt. v-x.
   Liquor Arsenici  et Hydrargyri Iodidi,  see
 Arsenic and Mercury, iodide of—1. Barii chloridi,
I Baryta,  muriate of, solution of— 1.  Bellosti, L.
 Hydrargyri nitrici — 1. Calcii chloridi, see Calcis
 murias.
   Liquor Calcis, Solu'tio  calcie, Aqua  caieis
 seu benedic'ta seu  Calca'ria usta, Calca'ria pura
 liq'uida,  Solution  of Lime, Lime  Water, (F.)
 Eau de chaux. (Calcis Jiv., aq. destill. cong. Pour
 the water on tbe lime, and stir.   Let it stand in
 a covered vessel three hours; bottle the lime and
 water in stopped bottles, and use the clear solu-
 tion.)   It is astringent, tonic, and  antacid; and
 is used in diarrhcea, diabetes, heartburn, Ac, and
 as  a lotion  to  foul  and  cancerous  ulcers,  Ac.
 Dose, f Jij to Oss, in milk.
   Liquor Calcis Chlorina'ta, Solution ofiChlo'-
 rinated Lime (Ph. D.), is  made by  triturating
 half a pound of chlorinated lime with half a gal-
 lon of water; shaking the mixture; filtering, and
 keeping in  a well-stopped  bottle.  Used in  the
 same cases as chlorinated lime. Dose,  f !Jss to f £j.
   Liquor Calcis Compos'itus. Aqua Calcis com-
 pos'ita seu  benedic'ta compos'ita, Compound lime
 water.   (¥.)  Eau de chaux compoaS.   (Lign.
 quaiac. ras. tbss, rad. glycyrrh. Jj, cort. sassafras,
 Jss; eemin. coriand. ^ij, liquor calcis, Ovj.  Ma-
 cerate for two days, and filter.)   It is stimulant,
 diaphoretic, and astringent, and is used in cuta-
 neous  affections.
   Liquor Calcis Muriatis, see Calcis murias—
 1. Cereris, Cerevisia — 1. Chloreti natri, L. sodae
 chlorinata?—1. Chlorini, see Chlorine—1. Chloru-
 reti natri, L. Sodae chlorinatse—1. Chlorureti sodae,
 L. sodae chlorinatse.
   Liquor Chyli, see Chyle.
   Liquor Cupri Ammonia'ti, Liquor Cupri am-
 monio-sulpha'tis. Aqua seu solu'tio  cupri ammo
 nia'ti seu sappharlna, Blue eyewater, Solution
 of ammoniated copper ; (¥.) Liqueur ou Eau  de
 cuivre ammoniacal.  (Cupri  ammoniat. ^j. aqua
 deetill. Oj. Dissolve and filter the solution through
 paper.  Ph. L.)  Corrosive and detergent.  Used
 externally to foul uloers;   and  diluted with  an
 equal part of distilled water, it is applied by means 
LIQUOR                 546                 LIQUOR
>i a hair  pencil to  specks and  films  on  the
eye.
  Liquor  Cupri  Ammonio-Sulphatis, Liquor
Cupri ammoniati.
  Liquor Cupri Sulpha'tis Compos'itus, Aqua
cupri vitriola'ti compodta.   (Cupri eulphat., alu-
min. eulphat. aa Jiij, aqua pura Oij., actri eulph.
JJij-  Boil  the salts in the  water  until they are
dissolved ;  then filter the liquor, and add the acid.)
Used as an astringent in  epistaxis, Ac.  It was
also called Aqua- Styp'tica.
  Liquor  Cyreniacus, Benjamin—1. Entericus,
Succus entericus—1. Excitans, Spiritus ammoniae
succinatns.
  Liquor Ferri Alkali'ni, Solution  of Alkaline
Iron, (¥.) Liqueur de fer alcaline.  (Eerri Jiiss,
acid, nitric. Jij, aqua deetillat. f Jvj. liq. potaee.
nibcarb.  fJvj.   To  the acid and water mixed,
add the  iron; and, after the effervescence,  add
the clear solution, gradually, to the liq. potaeea
nibcarb.; shaking it  occasionally till it assumes
a deep  brown-red colour,  and the effervescence
stops.  After six hours' settling, pour off the clear
solution.   Ph. L.)  It is  tonic like other prepa-
rations of iron.  Dose, f 3s5 t° f 3ISS-
  Liquor  Ferri Io'didi, Solution of Iodide of
Iron, Syr'upus Ferri io'didi, Syrup of I'odide of
Iron.  (lodin. Jij. Ferri  rament.  Jj,  Sacchar.
pnlr. Jxij, Aqua deetillat.  q. s.  Mix the iodine
with f Jx of tbe distilled water, in a porcelain or
gla^s vessel, and  gradually add  the  iron filings,
constantly stirring.   Heat  the  mixture gently
until  the liquor  acquires a light greenish colour;
then, having added the sugar, continue  the heat
a short, time, and filter.   Lastly, pour  distilled
water upon the  filter, and allow it to pass until
the whole of the  filtered liquor measures twenty
fluidounces. Keep the solution in closely stopped
bottles.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose, 20 or 30 drops.
  Liquor  Ferri Muriatis, Tinctura ferri mu-
riatis.
  Liquor  Ferri Nitra'tis, L.  Ferri Seequini-
tra'tie seu  teruitra'tie,  Solu'tio Ferri  nitra'tie.
Solution of nitrate, of ternitrate of eeequioxide,
or of eeequinitrate of iron, has been recommended
in chronic  diarrhoea and dysentery.  Its virtues
exactly resemble those of chloride of  iron.   It is
prepared as follows :—Ferri fili, incis. Jj, Acid.
hi trie, f Jiij, Aq. deetillat. q. s.  Mix the acid and
a pint of distilled water, until gas ceases to be
yiven off;  filter, and add distilled water  to make
f Jxxx.—Ph. U. S.)   Dose, 10 to 20 drops.
  Liquor Folliculi,  see Folliculi Graafiani.
  Liquor Fumans Boyl'ii, Sulphure'tum Ammo'-
nia Hydrogena'turn,  Hydroanlphure'turn Ammo-
nia,  Tinctu'ra Sulphuris  Volat'ilis, Aqua Sul-
phure'ti Ammonia, Boyle's Fuming  liquor,  (¥.)
Liqueur fiumante de  Boyle.  It is possessed of
nauseating and  emetic  properties, and has been
given in diabetes and diseases of excitement as a
deoxygenizer !
  Liquor,  Fuming, Boyle's, Liquor fumans Boy-
lii—1. Fuming, of Libavius, Tin, muriate of—1.
Genital, Sperm—1. of Hartshorn, volatile. Liquor
volatilis cornu  cervi — 1. Hydrargyri Bichloridi,
Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis—1.  Hydrargyri
chloridi  corrosivi, L. hydrargyri oxymuriatis —
1. Hydrargyri et arsenici iodidi, see Arsenic  and
Mercury, iodide of.
  Liquor  Hydrar'gyri Nitrici, L.Belloeti, (¥.)
Eau mercurielle ou contre  la gangrlne, Remlde
du  Due  d'Antin, R. du Capucin, (Hydrarg.  120
p.,  add  nitr. (33°,) 150 p.  Dissolve, and add to
the solution dietilled water, 900 p.  Ph. P.)  Dose,
two or three drops in  a glass of water. Not much
used.
  Liquor  Hydrar'gyri Oxymuria'tis, L.  Hy-
drar'gyri  Chlo'ridi  corroei'vi seu Hydrar'gyri
bichlo'ridi, Solu'tion of Oxymu'riate of Mercury,
 Liquor Swietenie seu Syphiliticus Turned, Mu'-
 riae  hydrargyri  epirituo'eue  liq'uidue,  Solutio
 Muria'tia hydrar'gyri oxygenati, Liquor or Solu-
 tion of Corro'eive Sub'limate or of Van Swieten.
 (Hyd. oxym., ammon. mtiriat. aa gr. x, aqua  de-
 etill. Oj, (Imp. meas.)  Dissolve in the water and
 add the spirit.  Ph. P.)  Dose, f^ss, or f !g.
   Norton'e  Drops, Green'e Drope, and Solomon's
 Anti-Impetig"enee—all nostrums—seem to be dis-
 guised solutions of Corrosive Sublimate.
   Liquor  Hydrargyri  Pernitratis, see  Hy-
 drargyri nitras—1. Hydrargyri  Supernitratis, see
 Hydrargyri  nitras—1. Hydriodatis  Arsenici  e$
 Hydrargyri, Arsenic and mercury, iodide of—1.
 Intestinalis, Succus entericus.
   Liquor Io'dini Compos'itus, (Ph.  U. S. 1842,)
 L. Iodin'ii compoe'itue, (Ph. U. S. 1851,) Solu'tio
 Potae'eii Io'didi  Iodure'ta,  Compound Solution
 of Iodine, Lugol'e Solution.  (Iodin.  5Jvj, Potaee.
 iodid.  Jiss.  Aqua  deetillat.  Oj.  Dissolve  the
 iodine and iodide of potassium in the water.—Ph.
 U. S.)  Dose, gtt. vj, ad xij, in sugared water.
   Liquor  Lithargyri Subacetatis, L. plumbi
 subacetatis—1. Lithargyri subacetatis compositus,
 Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus.
   Liquor Lympha, see Lymph.
   Liquor of Monro, Solution of Monro.   A so-
 lution, used  by Monro for  the preservation of
 anatomical  preparations.   It was composed of
 alcohol at 22°  or 24°, with  a drachm of nitric
 acid to each pint.
   Liquor Morgagn'ii.   The small  quantity of
 fluid contained  within the capsule of the crystal-
 line lens.
   Liquor Morph'ia Aceta'tis, Solution of Ace-
 tate ofi Morphia,  An'odyne Drope.   (Ace/ate ofi
 morphia,  £iv, dietilled water, Oj.  (Imp. meas.},
 Spirit, tenttior. Oss, (Imp. meas.) Ph. L.), acetic
 acid, Tl\,xv.  Dose, from six to twenty-four drops.
   Liquor Mor'phia Muria'tis, Solution of Mu'-
 riate ofi Morph'ia.   (Morphia muriat. £iv,  aq.
 destillat. Oj.  (Imp. meas.)  Sp. tenttior, Oss.  (In-.p.
 meas.) Ph. L.)  Dose, from 6 to 20 mimims.
   Liquor Mor'phia Sulpha'tis, Solution ofi Sul-
 phate ofi Morphia.   (Morphia eulphat. gr. viij,
 aqua  deatillat. Oss.  Dissolve the  sulphate  of
 morphia in  the water.—Ph. U.  S.)  Dose, f 3J to
 f 3>ij—containing from an eighth to a quarter of a
 grain.
   Liquor  Muci, see Mucus—1. Natri Oxymuria-
 tici, L. Sodae chlorinatae — 1.  Nervinus  Bangii,
 Tinctura aetherea camphorata—1. Oleosus  Sylvii,
 Spiritus ammoniae aromaticus—1. Opii sedativus,
 (Haden's,)  see Tinctura opii.
   Liquor Opii Sedati'vus.  An empirical pre-
 paration by a London druggist of  the name of
 Battley.   It is said to be an  aqueous solution
 of opium,  evaporated to  dryness to get  rid of
 the acid resin,  re-dissolved in water,  and  a small
 portion of alcohol added to give it  permanence.
 —Redwood.  It is devoid of many of the narcotia
 effects of opium.
   Liquor Ovi Albus, Albumen ovi—1. Pancrea*
 ticus, see  Pancreas — 1.  Pericardii,  see Pericar-
 dium—1. Plumbi aeetatis, L. P. subacetatis — 1.
 Plumbi diacetatis, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis.
   Liquor Plumbi Subaceta'tis, L. Subacetatit
 Lithar'gyri  seu  Plumbi  Aceta'tie   seu   Plumbi
 Diaceta'tie,  Goulard's Extrac'tum  Satu^ni, Li-
 thar'gyri Ace'tum, Ace'tum plum'bicum seu eatur-
 ni'num, Solution ofi Subaeetate of Lead,  (¥.)
 Liqueur de eoue-acState de Plomb.   (Plumb, acet.
 Jxvj,  Plumb,  oxid.  eemivitr. in  pulv.   subtil.
! Jixss, aq. deatillat.  Oiv.  Boil together in a glass
 or porcelain vessel,  for half an  hour, occasionally
 adding distilled water, so as to  preserve the mea-
 sure.   Filter through paper, and keep the solu-
 tion in closely-stopped bottles.—Ph. U. S.)  It is 
LIQUOR                 547                  LISTS
nsed externally as a cooling astringent, and dis-
cutient, when diluted with distilled water.
  Liquor  Plumbi  Subaceta'tis Dilu'tus, L.
Sttbaceta'tie Lithar'gyri Comjyoe'itue,  L.  Plumbi
aceta'tie dilu'tus, L.  Plumbi Diaceta'tie dilu'tus,
Ace'tas Plumbi dilu'tum alcohol'icum, Diluted So-
lu'tion of Subac"etate of Lead, Aqua Satnrni seu
veg"eto-minera'lie  seu  Plumbi  seu   Goitlar'di
Beu  Lithar'gyri  Aceta'ti   compoe'ita,  Tinctu'ra
 ditmbo'ea, Lead water, Goulard water, (¥.) Eau
  'anche, Eau de Goulard,  Eau vSgSto-minSrale,
 White  Wash,  Royal Preventive.    (Liq. plumbi
snbacet. f^ij,  aqua deetillat.  Oj.   Ph. U. S.)
Properties the same as the  last, but feebler.
   Liquor Potas'sa, Aqua  Potae'ea  seu  Kali
 Caust'ici seu Kali puri, Solution ofi Potaeh or of
 Potasea, Lixio'ium magistrate seu  Sapona'rium,
 Soap Lees, Soap Ley, Lixiv'ium cau'etictim, Po-
 tas'aa liq'uida, (¥.) Eau,  aolution  ou  liqueur de
 Piitasse,  Potasae liquide, Lesaive  dea Savonniere.
 (Potassa carb. ft)j, calcie.  Ibss, aqua  destill. fer-
 vent, congium.  Dissolve the alkali in Oij of the
 water,  and add the remainder of the  lime.  Mix
 the whole: set aside in a close vessel,  and,-when
 cold, filter through  calico.)  It  is antilithic in
 cases of uric acid calculi, and antacid.  Extern-
 ally, stimulant  and  escharotic.    Dose, gtt.  x
 to xx.
   Liquor Potassa  Arsenitis, L.  arsenicalis —
 1. Potassae Carbonatis, L. P. Subcarbonatis.
   Liquor Potassa Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate
 of Potaaea,  Neutral Mixture,  Saline Mixture.
 (Succ.  Limon. Oss, Potaae. Bicarbonat. q. s.) sa-
 turate  by tbe carbonate of potassa, and filter; or,
 Acid.  Citric. Jss ; Ol. Limon. Ttl,. ij ;  Aqua Oss,
 Potaee. Bicarbonat.  q. s.;  dissolve, saturate by
 the carbonate of potassa, and  filter.   Ph. U. S.)
-Used in fever, but probably of little  or no efficacy.
   Liquor Potassa  Subcarbona'tis, L. Potaeea
  Carbonatis (Ph. U. S.), Aqua Kali seu Kali pra-
  parati seu Subcarbonatie  Kali, O'leum  Tar'tari
  per deliq'uium, Lixiv'ium Tartari, Oil of Tartar,
  Saline oil ofi  Tartar, Solu'tion ofi  Subcar'bonate
 of Potaeea, (¥.) Liqueur de aoua-carbonate de Po-
  taeae, Leaaive de Tartre, Huile  de Tartre par dS-
  faillance.  (Potaee.  eubcar. Ibj,  aqua destillat.
 fjxij.  Dissolve and filter.   Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,
 gtt. x  to xxx.
   Liquor Potassii  Iodidi Compos'itus.   Com-
  pound Solution ofi Iodide of Potassium.  (Potas-
 sii iodid. gr. x,  Iodin. gr. v, aqua deetillat. Oj.
 (Imp.  meas.)  Ph. L.)  Dose, f Jj.
   Liquor, Propagatory,  Sperm—1. Prostaticus,
 Prostatic liquor, see Prostate—1. Puris, ses  Pus.
   Liquor Sang'uinis. Blood liquor, (¥.) Liqueur
 du Sang. A term given by Dr. B. Babington to one
 of the  constituents of the  blood, the  other being
 the red particles.  It is the Hamatoplaa'ma, the
 Plaama, of Schultz, Lymph, Coagulable or plaetic
 Lymph, the Mucago or Mucilage of Harvey, Hew-
 son and others, and the intercellular fluid of Leh-
 niann, (F.) Lymphe plaetique ou coagulable. Sue
 nourricier, and is the effused material from which
 the cells obtain  the  constituents  of the  different
 tissues and secretions.  See Blood.
   Liquor of Scarpa,  Vitrine auditive.
   Liquor Sem'inis.  The homogeneous,  transpa-
 rent fluid, in which  the spermatozoids and semi-
 nal granules are contained.  See Sperm.
   Liquor Soda, L. Soda  Cauetica, Solu'tion of
 Soda, Solu'tion of Caustic Soda.  (Prepared, like
 Liquor Potassae, from Carbonate of Soda.)
   Liquor Soda Carbona'tis, Solution  of Car-
 bonate  of Soda.  (Soda carbon.  Jiss, (avoirdu-
 pois);  Aqua deetillat. Oj. (Imp. meas.)  Ph. D.)
 Dose, as an antacid, one to two tablespoonfuls,
 diluted with water.
   Liquor Soda Chloridi, L. sodae chlorinatae.
   Liquor Soda Chlorlna'ta, L. eoda chlo'ridi  \\
seu soda oxymuriat' ica seu chlore'ti natri seu chlo-
rureti natri seu chloreti eoda sen chlorure'ti soda,
seu natri  oxymuriat'ici, Natritm chlora'tum lif,
uidum,  Aqua natri oxymuriat'ici,  Labarraque's
Disinfecting  Liquid,  Solution  of  Chlorinated
Soda.   (Calcie Chlorinat.  Ibj;  Soda  Carbonat.
Ibj ; Aqua cong. iss.  Dissolve the carbonate of
soda in three pints of the water, with the aid of
heat.    To the remainder of the water  add,  by
small portions at a time, the chlorinated lime,
previously well triturated, stirring the mixture
after each addition.   Set the  mixture  by for  se-
veral hours, that tbe  dregs may subside; decant
the clear  liquid, and mix it with the solution of
carbonate of soda.  Lastly, decant tbe clear li-
quor from the precipitated carbonate of lime, pass
it through a linen cloth, and keep it in bottles
secluded from the light.—Ph. U. S.) Used in tbe
same cases as the chloride of lime.  Internally,
10 drops  to  a fluidrachm, for a dose.   Diluted
with water, it is  an excitant and disinfectant in
various morbi externi.
   Liquor Soda Effervescens,  Acidulous  wa-
ter, simple — 1.  Sodae  Oxymuriaticae,  L. sodae
chlorinatae—1. Stypticus Ruspini, Styptic, Ruspi-
ni's—1. Sulphuricus Alcoolisatus, Spiritus aetheris
sulphurici — 1. Swietenis, L. hydrargyri oxymu-
riatis— 1. Syphiliticus Turneri,  L. hydrargyri
oxymuriatis—1. Tartari emetici, Vinum  antimonii
tartarizati — 1. of Van Swieten,  L. hydrargyri
oxymuriatis.
   Liquor Volat'ilis Cobnu  Cervi, L. volalilie
 Cornu  Cerrlni,   L.  volalilie  os'sium,  Volatile
Liquor of Hartshorn, Spir'itua Lumbrico'rum  seu
Millepedu'ritm sen Cornu Cervi, Hartahorn, Spirit
 of Hartshorn, Bone Spirit, (¥.) Liqueur volatile
 de Come  de  cerf.  This is a  solution  of subcar-
 bonate of ammonia, impregnated with  empyreu-
 matic oil. It  possesses the  same virtues  as  the
 subcarbonate of ammonia.   It is in common  use
 to smell at, in faintings, Ac.
   Liquor Volatilis Ossium, L. volatilis cornu
 cervi—1.  Zinci Chloridi, see  Burnett's  Disinfect-
 ing Liquid.
   Liquor Zinci Sulpha'tis cum Camph'orI,
 Aqua  Zinci  vitriola'ti  cum  Camphora  seu  vi-
 triolica  camphora'ta seu ophthal'mica, Common
 Eye  Water.   (Zinci eulph. Jss,  camphor, ^ij,
 aq. bullient.  Oij;  dissolve and filter.)   Used as a
 lotion for ulcers ; or, diluted with water, as a col-
 lyrium.
   LIQUORICE.  Glycyrrhiza —1. Bush,  Abrus
 precatorius—1. Juice, see Glycyrrhiza.
   Liquorice,  Refined, Extractum glycyrrhizae
 — 1.  Spanish, see Glycyrrhiza — 1. Wild, Aralia
 nudicaulis, Galium circaezans.
   LIQUORITIA, Glycyrrhiza.
   LIRIODEN'DRON, from Xtptov, ' lily or tulip,*
 and Stvipov,  'tree.'  L. tulipifi'era, Tulipif'cra
 Liriodetldron, Old wife's shirt, Tulip  or Poplar
 Tree,  Tulip-bearing  or American Poplar, White
 Wood, Cypresa  Tree, (New England,)  (F.) Tuli-
 pier.   The  bark — Liriodendron  (Ph. U. S.) —
 especially of the root, of this noble forest tree,
 which  is indigenous  in the  United States, is a
 strong aromatic bitter,  and has been  employed
 advantageously as a tonic  An active principle
 was separated from it by Professor J. P. Emmet
 of the University of Virginia, and has been called
 Lirioden'drin.  It is not used in medicine.
   LIS BLANC,  Lilium candidum—?. Aephodlle,
 Asphodelus ramosus — I. dee Etange, Nymphaea
 alba.
   LISERON, GRAND, Convolvulus  sepium —
 1. dea Haies, Convolvulus sepium—I. Mechameeh,
 Convolvulus panduratus.
   LISK,  Inguen.
   LISTS, Flanks. 
LISTON'S ISINGLASS PLASTER  3 4 8          LIT HOTHRYPSIS
   LLSTON'S  ISINGLASS PLASTER, see Spa-
 nijrapum adhaesivum.
   LITE, A«rij.  A plaster, formerly made of ver-
 digris, wax, and resin.—Galen.
   LITHAGOGECTASIA, Lithectasy.
   LITHAGO'GUM, from  Xidos,  'a  stone,' and
 ayw, 'I expel.'  A  remedy which was supposed
 to possess the power of expelling calculi.  Also,
>;i lithotomy forceps.
   LITHANTHRAX, Carbo fossilis.
   LITHANTHROKOKALI, Anthrakokali.
   LITHARGE, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum—1.
 of Gold, see Plumbi oxydum  semivitreum—1. of
 silver, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
   LITHARGYRI ACETUM, Liquor plumbi sub-
 acetatis.
   LITHARGYRUM,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi-
 treum.
   LITHARGYRUS, Plumbi oxydum  semivi-
 treum.
   LITHAS, Urate.
   LITHATE, Urate—1. of Soda, Urate of soda.
   LITHECTASY, Lithecta''sia, Lithagogecta'eia,
 Lithodecta'eia, from  Xidos, ' a stone,' and teraais,
 'dilatation;' Cyetec'taey.   An  operation which
 consists in extracting stone from  the bladder by
 dilating the neck of the organ, after making an
 incision  in  the perineum, and opening  the mem-
 branous portion of the  urethra.
   LITH'IA,  Lithiasis,  Lithogen'ia,  Uri'aeie,
 Urolithi'aeie, Cachex'ia calculo'ea, Calcu'li Mor-
 bua, Lapilla'tio, Genera'tio cal'culi, from Xidos, 'a
 stone.'  The formation of stone,  gravel,  or con-
 cretions in the human body.  Also,  an affection
 in which  the eyelids are edged  with  small, hard,
 and stone-like concretions.
   Lith'ia,  Car'bonatk of,  Lith'ia Car'bonas,
 Lith'ium Carbon'icum,  (¥.) Carbonate de Lithine.
 A salt found  in certain mineral  waters, which
 have been serviceable in lithuria.  Hence, it has
 been suggested in that morbid condition.
   Lithia Renalis Arenosa, Gravel—1. Renalis,
 Nephrolithiasis—1. Vesicalis,  Calculi, vesical.
   LITHUG CARBONAS, Lithia, carbonate of.
   LITHIASIS, Lithia —1. Cystica,  Calculi, ve-
 eical—1. Nephritica, Gravel, Nephrolithiasis.
   Lithi'asis Pulmo'num, Pulmo'nee tartariza'ti.
 The formation of concretions in the  lungs, occa-
 sioning at times Litho-phthi'eie,Phthieie calculo'ea,
 Phthieie ealculeuae,  of  Bayle.
   Lithiasis Renalis  Arenosa, Gravel — 1. Re-
 nalis, Nephrolithiasis — 1. Vesicalis,  Calculi, ve-
 sical.
   LITHIC, Lith'icua.    Belonging  to  lithic  or
 urio acid, or  to  stone: hence  Lithic Diath'eeis.
 Also, an antilithic
   Lithic Acid, Uric acid — 1. Acid diathesis, Li-
 thuria— 1. Diathesis, Lithuria—1. Sediments, see
 Lithuria.
   LITHINE,  CARBONATE  DE,  Lithia,  car-
 bonate of.
   LITHIUM  CARBONICUM, Lithia,  carbon-
 ate of.
   LITHIURIA, Lithuria.
   LITHOCENOSIS, Lithotrity.
   LITHOCYSTOTOMY. Lithotomy.
   LITHOCLAST. see  Lithotrity.
   LITHOCLASTIA. Lithotrity.
   LITHODECTA^TA. Lithectasy.
   LITHODIAL'YSIS, from  XiBos, 'a stone,' and
 StaXvw, 'to dissolve.'   The dissolving of  a  stone
 in the bladder.
   LITHODRAS'SIC, Lithodras'sicus. (¥.) Litho-
 drassique, from Xidos,  'a stone,' and ipaaativ,  'to
 seize hold  of.'  An epithet  given to  a  form of
 stone forceps—Pince Hthodraesique—used in the
 operation  of  lithotrity, by  MM.  Meirieu  and
 Tanchou.
   LITHOGENIA, Lithia
  LITHOID, Litho'des, Lithoi'dee;  from XiBos,
'stone,' and tibos, 'resemblance.'  Of the natur«
of stone, or resembling stone : as
  LITHOIDES  OS, see Temporal bone.
  LITHOLABE (¥.), Litholabum,  from Xidos,
'a stone,'  and Xa&w, Xapjiavw, 'I seize hold of.'
An  instrument, employed for laying hold of a
stone in the bladder, and keeping it fixed, so that
lithotritic instruments can act upon it.
  LITHOLABON, Forceps,  (Lithotomy.)
  LITHOL'ABUM,  from Xidos, 'a  stone,' and
Xapjiavw, 'I seize.'   An instrument concerned in
extracting stone from  the bladder.   It had va-
rious shapes.—Fabricius  ab  Aquapendente, Hil-
danus.
  LITH'OLYTE, from Xidos, 'a stone,' and Xvw,
'I  dissolve.'  An  instrument,  of the  catheter
kind, for conveying solvents of calculi into the
bladder.
  LITHOLYTIC, Litbontriptic
  LITHOME'TRA,  from Xidos, 'a  stone,' and
pnrpa, ' the uterus.'  Osseous, or other concretions
of the  uterus.
  LITHONEPHRITIS, see  Nephritis.
  LITHONLYTIC, Litbontriptic
  LITHOXTHRYPTIC, Lithontriptic.
  LITHONTRIP'TIC, Lithontrip'tictta, Lithon-
thryp'tic, Litholyt'ic, Lithonlyt'ic, Calculifi'rague,
Saxifirague, from Xidos, 'a stone,' and dpvtrrw, 'I
break in pieces.'  A remedy  believed to be capa-
ble  of dissolving calculi in the  urinary passages.
There  is not much  reliance to be  placed upon
such remedies.   By antilithice,  exhibited accord-
ing to the chemical character of the calculus (see
Calculi, urinary,) the disease may be prevented
from increasing ; but most of the vaunted lithon-
triptics for dissolving the calculus already formed
have been found unworthy  of the. high enco-
miums which have accompanied  their  intro-
duction.
  LITHOP-^'DION, Infiane lapid'eue,  Oeteopa'-
dion, from XtSos, 'a stone,' and vats,  natios. 'a
child.'  A  foetus, petrified  in  the  body of the
mother.
  LITHOPH'AGUS,  from Xidos, 'a stone,' and
ipayw, 'I eat,'  A stone-eater.   Cases are on re-
cord of persons  who have swallowed stones for
purposes of exhibition.
  LITHOPHTHISIS,  see  Calculi,  pulmonary,
and Lithiasis pulmonum.
  LITHOPRINIE, Lithotrity.
  L1TIIOPRIONE, from Xidos, '& stone,' and
rptwv,  'a  saw.'  An instrument proposed by M.
Leroy  for  preventing the fragments of a calculus,
when subjected to lithotrity, from falling into the
bladder.   It is a variety of litholabe.
  LITHOPRISIE, Lithotrity.
  LITHORINEUR,  from Xidos, 'a stone,' and
pivttv,  'to file.'  An instrument, proposed by MM.
Meirieu and  Tanchou  for filing down  calculi in
the bladder.
  LITHOS, Calculus.
  LITHOSPER'MUM OFFICINA'LE, Milium
Solie, AVgon'yehon,  Gromwell, Bastard Al'kanet,
Little-wale, (¥.) GrSmil officinal. Herbe aux Perlet.
Ord. Boragineae.  The seeds of this plant were
formerly  supposed, from  their stony hardness,
(Xtbos, 'a  stone,' and ctrtppa,  'seed,') to be effica-
cious  in calculous  affections.  They have, also,
been considered diuretic.
  Lithospermum Villosum, Anchusa tinctoria.
  LITHOTERE'THRTM,  from Xidos,  'stone,'
and rtpttv. 'to rub.'  A lithotritor.
  LITHOTHLIBIE (¥.), from Xidos, 'stone,' and
SAi/3w, 'I crush.'  The crushing of a friable cal-
culus between a finger, passed  by tbe rectum or
vagina as far as the bas-fiond of the bladder, and
a catheter introduced into the bladder.
  LITHOTHRYPSIS, Lithotrity. 
LITHOTHRIPTORS         540              LITHOTOMY
  LITHOTHRYPTORS, see Lithotrity.
  LITHOTOME, Lithot''ornus, from  XiSos,  'a
Btone,' rtpvw,  'I cut,' and ropn<  'an incision.'
This name has been given to a number of instru-
ments  of different shapes  and sizes, which  are
used in the operation for  the stone, to cut  the
neck or body of the bladder.  They ought, with
more propriety, to be  called Cystotomea.
  The Lithotome CachS of Frdre Come  is  the
most  known, and is  still occasionally used.   It
is composed of a handle, and a flattened sheath,
slightly curved: in this there is a cutting blade,
which can be forced out, by pressing upon a bae-
cute or lever, to any extent that may be wished
by the operator.
  A Double Lithotome was used by Dupuytren
in his bilateral operation.   See Lithotomy.
  LITHOT'OMIST.   Same etymon.   Litholo-
mue.  One who  devotes himself entirely to ope-
rating for  the stone.   One who  practises  litho-
tomy.
  LITHOT'OMY, Lithotom'ia, Cyatotom'ia, Uro-
lithotom'ia,  , Sectio   veeica'lis,  Lithocystot'omy.
Same etymon.   (F.)  Taille.  The operation  by
which a stone is extracted from the bladder. The
different methods, according to which this opera-
tion may be practised, are reducible to five prin-
cipal ; each of which  has experienced numerous
modifications.
  -1. The Method ofi Celau8, Meth'odus Celsiilna,
Cyatotom'ia cum appara'tu parvo,  Appara'tus
Minor, Cutting on the Gripe.  This  consisted in
eutting upon the stone, after having  made it pro-
ject at the perinaeum by means of the fingers
introduced'into the rectum.  This  method was
attended with  several inconveniences; such  as
the difficulty of  dividing the parts neatly, injury
done to the bladder, as well as the impossibility
of drawing -down the  stone in many  persons.   It
is sometimes, also, called 3Ieth'odus Gttytonia'na;
from  Guy de Chauliac having endeavoured to
remove from it the discredit into which it had
fallen in his time. It was termed Apparatue Mi-
nor, (¥.) Le petit appareil,  from the small num-
ber of instruments required in it.
  2. Apparatue  Major.   This method was   in-
vented, in 1520, by John  de Romani, a surgeon
of Cremona, and communicated  by him to Mari-
ano-Santo-di-Barletta, whence it  was long called
Mariano'e  Method,  Sec'tio  Maria'na.   It was
called, also,  Apparatue Major,  and  Cyetotom'ia
seu Meth'odus cum appara'tu magno, (F.) Le grand
appareil,  from  the  number of instruments  re-
quired in it.  An incision was made on the me-
dian line; but the neck of the  bladder was  not
comprehended in it.  It was merely dilated. The
greater apparatus was liable to many inconveni-
ences, such as  ecchymoses;  contusion; inflam-
mation of the neck of the bladder; abscesses;
urinary fistulae; incontinence of urine;  impo-
tence, Ac
  3. The High Operation, Apparatue alttte, Cye-
totom'ia  cum  apparatu  alto, C. Hypogae'trica,
Epi cyatotom'ia,   Laparocyatotom'ia,   Sectio  seu
Meth'odus  Franconia'na,  S.  Hypogae'trica  seu
alta.  (¥.) Haut appareil,  Taille Hypogaetrique,
Taille eue-pubienne, was  first practised by Peter
Franco, about the  middle of the 16th century.
It consisted in pushing the  stone above  the pubis
by the fingers introduced into the rectum.  Rous-
set afterwards proposed to make the bladder rise
above the pubis by injecting it.  The method had
fallen into discredit, when  Frere C6me revived it.
It is  used when the  calculus is very large.  It
was practised by opening first the  membranous
part of the urethra upon the catheter passed into
the canal.  Through  this  incision,  the Sonde d
dard — a species of catheter, having  a spear-
pointed stilet — was introduced into the bladder.  I
!] An incision was then made into the linea alba,
|| above the symphysis pubis, of about  four or five
 fingers' breadth, and the  peritoneum  detached
 to avoid  wounding  it,   The stilet was pushed
 through  the bladder, and used as a  director for
 the knife, with which the  bladder  was divided
 anteriorly, as far as the neck ; and the stone ex-
 tracted.   It was performed  in England by Dou-
 glass, in 1719, and since by others, with various
 modifications.
    4. The Lat'eral Operation, Hypocyateotom'ia,
 Cyatotom'ia latera'lie,  Cyatauchenotom'ia, Cysto-
 trachelotom'ia,   Urethrocystauchenotom'ia.  Ure-
 throcyateotrachelotom'ia,  Sec'tio latera'lis, Appa-
 ra'tus latera'lis,  (F.)  Appareil  lateralisS,  so
 named from the prostate gland and neck of the
 bladder  being  cut laterally,  was probably  in-
 vented by Peter Franco.  It was introduced into
 France by Frere Jacques de Beaulieu.  He per-
 formed it with  rude instruments, invented by
 himself, and improved by the suggestions of some
 of the  Parisian  surgeons.  In  England,  it re-
 ceived its earliest and most important  improve-
 ments from the celebrated  Cheselden.  It is  the
 method practised at the present day, according
 to different modes of procedure.  In this method,
 the patient is placed upon a table; his  legs and
 thighs are bent and separated; the  hands being
 tied to the feet.  The perinaeum is then shaved,
 and a staff is introduced into  the bladder:  the
 handle being turned towards the  right groin of
 the patient. An oblique incision is now made
 from  the raphe to the middle of a  line drawn
 from  the anus to  the tuberosity of  the ischium
 of the left side; and, taking the staff for a guide,
 the integuments, areolar tissue of the perinaeum,
 membranous portion  of  the urethra,  transversus
 perinaei muscle, bulbo-cavernosus, some fibres of
 the  levator ani, the  prostate  and neck  of  the
 bladder, are successively divided.  For this latter
 part of the  operation, the knife, the  beaked bis-
 toury, Bietouri ou Lithotome CachS, cutting gor-
 get, Ac, is used, according to the  particular pre-
 ference.   The forceps  are now introduced into
 the  bladder, and  the stone extracted.   In  the
 operation, care must be  taken not to injure  the
 rectum, or the  great arterial vessels, distributed
 to the perinaeum.
    A variety of the Lateral Apparatue, called by
 the French  Appareil latSral, consisted in cutting
 into the bae-fiond of the  bladder, without touch-
 ing  the  neck  of  that  organ ; but  it was soon
 abandoned, on aceount of its inconveniences.
    The method of Le Cat and of Pajola—Urethro-
 cy8teo-aneuryamatotom'ia — consists   in dividing
 the  prostate in  part only, — the enlargement
 of the  wound  being  effected  by  a peculiar
 dilator.
    The Bilat'eral Operation is founded on that of
 Celsus.  It consists in making an incision poste-
 rior to the  bulb of the urethra, and anterior to
 the anus, involving  both sides of the perinaeum
 by crossing the raphe at right angles: an incision
 is then made through the membranous part of
 the urethra, and the prostate  may be cut bilate-
 rally, either with the double lithotome of Dupuy-
 tren, or the prostatic bisector of Dr.  Stevens, of
 New  York.
    5.  Lithotomy by the Rectum, Proctocyetotom'ia,
 Sec'tio recto-veeica'lis, (¥.) Taille par la Rectum,
  Taille postSrieure,  T.  Recto-vSsicale.  This waa
 proposed by Vegetius in the 16th century;  but
 it was never noticed until M. Sanson, in the year
 1817, attracted attention to it; since which time
 it has been successfully performed in many in-
 stances.   It consists in penetrating  the bladder
 through  the paries corresponding with the rec-
 tum, by first cutting the spinchter ani and rectum
 about the root of the penis, and penetrating  the 
LITnOTRESIS             550                 LIVER
bladder by the  Beck of that organ, dividing  the
prostate,—or by its bas-fond.
  Lithotomy in women, from the shortness of the
urethra, is a comparatively insignificant operation.
  Lithotomy by the Rectum, see Lithotomy—1.
by the Vagina,  see Lithotomy.
  LITHOTRESIS, Lithotrity.
  LITHOTRIPSY, Lithotrity.
  LITHOTRIPSY, Lithotrity.
  LITHOTRIPTORS, see Lithotrity.
  LITHOTRITES, see Lithotrity.
  LITHOTRITEURS, see Lithotrity.
  LITHOTRITOR, see Lithotrity.
  LITHOT'RITY, Lithotrltia,  Lithotryp'ey,
Lithotripey,  Lithothrip'ey,  Lithothrypeie,  Litho-
tre'ais, Lithotripaie,  Lithoceno'eie,  Lithoclaa'tia,
Lithoprinie,  Lithoprieie, (¥.) Broiement de  la
Pierre, from XtSos, 'a stone,' and rpijiw, ' I break.
The operation  of breaking, bruising or sawing
the stone in tbe bladder.  It has been performed,
of late years, with .success, by French, and, after
them, by English and  American surgeons.  The
instruments employed for this purpose are called,
in the abstract, Lithotritee, Lithotriteure, Lithol-
ritore, Lithotriptore, Lithothryptora,  Lithotrype'ta
and Lithoclaete.  The  most  celebrated are those
of Civiale, Jacobson, Heurteloup and Weiss.   See
Briee-Pierre articulS ; and Percuteur d Marteau.
  LITHOTRYPETjE, see Lithotrity.
  LITHOXIDU'RIA, from Xidos, 'a stone,' ox-
ide, and ovpov,  'urine.'  The discharge of urine
containing lithic or xanthic oxide.
  LITHU'RIA, Lithiu'ria, Lithure'eie,  Lithou-
rorrhSe (Piorry); from Xidos, 'a stone,' and ovpov,
'urine.'  Lithic, or Lithic Acid, Diatheeie.  The
condition of the system and of the urine in which
deposits of lithio acid and the lithates — Lithic
eedimente or concretione—take place in the urine.
See Urine.
  LITHUS,  Calculus.
  LITMUS,  Lichen roccella.
  LITRA, Pound.
  LITRE, Litra.  A measure containing a cubed
decimetre, which is equal nearly to 2.1135 pints.
The ancients gave the name litra, Xirpa, to a mea-
sure capable  of containing 16 ounces of liquid.
  LITS.EA CUBEBA, Piper cubeba —1. Pipe-
rita, Piper cubeba.
  LITTLE-WALE, Lithospermum officinale.
  LITUS,  Liniment
  LIVECHE, Ligusticum levisticum.
  LIVER, Sax. lipen, Hepar, Jecur, Jec"inue,
(¥.) Foie.  The liver is the largest  gland in  the
body.  It is an azygous  organ ;  unsymmetrical;
very heavy;  and of a brownish-red  colour;  oc-
cupying the whole of the right hypochondrium,
and a part of the epigastrium.  Above, it corre-
sponds to the diaphragm ; below, to the stomach,
transverse  colon,  and right kidney; behind, to
the vertebral column, aorta, and vena cava; and
before, to the base of the chest.   Its  upper sur-
face is convex; the lower, irregularly convex and
concave, so  that  anatomists  have divided  the
organ, into  three lobes, — a large or right or colic
lobe; — a leeeer lobe, lobule,  or inferior lobe,  the
Lob'ulue Spige'lii,—and  a middle or left lobe. At
its  inferior surface, are observed : — 1. A Sulcua
or Furrow or Fiaaure, called horizontal or longi-
tudinal or  great fiaaure,  Foeea Umbilica'lia, (¥.)
Sillon horizontal, longitudinal ou de la veine om-
bilicale, Sulcua  antero-poaterior Jec'oria seu hori-
zonta'lie  Jec'orie sen  longitndina'lie  Jecone  seu
einie'ter Jecorie seu Umbilica'lie, which lodges, in
the foetus, the umbilical vein and ductus venosus.
2. The Principal  Fi88ure, termed Sulcue Trane-
versus, Fossa tranever'ea, Transverse fossa, Sinua
Porta'rum, Porta, P. seu  Manue Jec'oria seu He'-
patis Fossa or Fissure  of the  Vena porta, Portal
  Fiaa'ure or Foaaa, (¥.) Sillon transvereal ou de la
  veine parte, which receives the sinus of the vena
  porta.  3. The Fieeure of the Vena Cava infe'rior,
  Sillon de la veine cave infSrieiire, situate  at  the
  posterior margin of the organ, and lodging  the
  vena cava inferior.   4. The Lobulue Spige'lii, or
  poaterior portal eminence.  6. The anterior portal
  eminence, Auriga  seu  Lobulue anon'ymue.  6.
  Depressions corresponding  to  the upper surface
  of the  stomach, gall-bladder, arch of the colon,
  right kidney, Ac.   Continued from the fossa um-
  bilicalis is a small fossa, called Foeea Ductile  Ve-
  no'ei, between the left lobe and Lobulus Spigelii.
  The posterior margin of the liver is very thick;
  much  more  so  than  the anterior.  The liver is
  surrounded by  a serous or peritoneal  covering,
  which forms for it a.-euepeneory or broad ligament
  and two  lateral and triangular ligaments.  See
  Falx.   The blood-vessels of the liver are very
  numerous.  The hepatic artery and vena porta
  furnish it with  the blood necessary for its nutri-
  tion and the secretion of bile.  The hepatic veins
  convey away the blood, which  has served  those
  purposes.  The lymphatic vessels are very nume-
  rous; some being superficial; others deep-seated.
  The nerves are, also, numerous, and proceed from
  the pneumogastric, diaphragmatic, and from  the
  hepatic plexuses.
    The intimate  structure of the parenchyma of
  the liver has been well studied.   When cut, it pre-
  sents a porous appearance, owing to the division
  of a multitude  of small vessels.  When torn, it
  seems  formed   of  granulations ; — the  intimate
  structure of which  has given rise to many hypo-
  theses.  In these granulations  are contained  the
  radicles of the  excretory ducts  of the bile;  the
  union of which  constitutes the hepatic duct  Ac-
  cording to Mr.  Kiernan, the intimate structure
  consists of a number of lobules—hepatic lobules,
  hepatic ielete—composed of intralobular or  he-
  patic veins, which  convey  the blood  back that
  has been inservient to the secretion of bile.  The
  interlobular plexus  of veins is formed by branches
  of the vena porta, which contain both the blood
  of the vena porta and of the hepatic artery; both
  of which, according to Mr. Kiernan, furnish  the
  pabulum of the biliary secretion.  The biliary
  ducts form likewise an interlobular plexue, having
  an arrangement similar to that of  the inter-
  lobular veins.   Mr. Kiernan's views are embraced
  by many anatomists;  but are denied by some.
    The  liver is  the only organ, which,  indepen-
  dently of the red blood carried to it by the hepa-
  tic artery, receives  black blood by tbe vena porta.
  The general opinion is, that the vena porta is  the
  fluid which furnishes bile, whilst that of the artery
  affords blood for the nutrition of the liver.  It is
  probable, however, that bile is  secreted from  the
  blood of the latter  vessel.   Besides bile the liver
  forms sugar, and is a great assimilating organ.
    The  liver is  liable  to a number of  diseases.
  The principal are — Hepati'tie or inflammation,
  cancer, biliary calculi, encyeted and other tumours
  or tuberclee, hydatide, Ac.;  and  it has, at times,
  been  the faehion to refer to it as the  cause of
  symptoms with  which it is no wise connected.
    Liveh, Hepar.  Under this name the ancients
  designated several substances, having a brownish
  colour analogous to that of the liver;  and com-
  posed  of sulphur and some other body.  See  Po-
  tassae Sulphuretum, Liver ofi Sulphur.
    Liver  ofi Antimony is the  semi-vitreous sul-
  phuret, Ac
    Liver Disease, Hepatopathia — 1. Fatty, Adi-
  posis hepatica—1.  Gin, L. nutmeg—1. Gin-drink-
  ers', L. nutmeg—1. Granulated, Cirrhosis* of  tho
i| liver.
 •  Liver-Grown,  Tu'mido jec'orl  prat'ditue.
!  Having a large  liver. 
LIVIDUS  MUSCULUS        551                LOBULUS
  Liver,  Hobnail,  Cirrhosis of the  liver — 1.
Mammillated, Cirrhosis of the liver.
  Liver,  Nutmeg, Hepar  variega'tum, Tu'beri-
form liver.  An appearance of the liver when cut
across, resembling that  of  the section  of a nut-
meg, Myriatica'tio he'patis, supposed by some to
be the result of intemperance in the use of alco-
holic drinks; but occurring under other causes.
The terms whisky liver, gin-drinkers'  liver, and
gin liver,  occasionally applied to it, are,  conse-
quently, not distinctive.
  Liver Spot,  Chloasma.
  Liver,  Tuberculated,  Cirrhosis of the liver
—1. Tuberiform, L. nutmeg.
  Liver Weed, Hepatica triloba.
  Lives,  Whisky, Liver, nutmeg.
  Liver Wort, Hepatica triloba, Marchantia po-
lymorpha—1. Wort, ground, ash-coloured, Lichen
caninus — 1. Wort, Iceland, Lichen Islandicus —
1. Wort, noble,  Hepatica triloba.
  LIVIDUS MUSCULUS, Pectinalis.
  LIVOR, Suggillation—1. Emortualis, see Sug-
gillation—1. Sanguineus, see Ecchymoma.
  LIVRE, Pound.
  LIVRET, Omasum.
  LIXIVIA TARTARIZATA,  Potassae tartras
— 1. Vitriolata, Potassae sulphas — 1.  Vitriolata
sulpburea, Potassae sulphas cum sulphure.
  LIXIVLffi seu KALICUM ACETAS, Potassae
acetas.                                   *
  LIXIV'IAL, Lixivio'sus, from lixivium, 'lee.'
(F.) Lixivial,  Lixivieux.  An  ancient term for
salts obtained by washing vegetable ashes,—such
as the fixed alkalies.
  LIXIVIA'TION, Elixivia'tion, Lixivia'tio,
Same  etymon.   An  operation which consists in
washing wood-aehes with water, so as to dissolve
the soluble parts.  The  filtered liquor is the lee.
  LIXIV'IUM, Lixiv'ia, Con'ia, Lee,  Ley, Lye,
(¥.) Leeaive.  Any solution containing potassa or
soda—Sal lixido'eum—in excess; from lix, 'lye.'
  Lixivium Ammoniacale, Liquor ammoniae —
1. Ammoniacale aromaticum, Spiritus  ammoniae
aromaticus — 1. Causticum, Liquor potassae — 1.
Magistrate, Liquor potassae — 1. Saponarium, Li-
quor potassae.— 1. Tartari,  Liquor potassae sub-
carbonatis.
  LIXIVUS CINIS, Potash of commerce.
  LIZARD, Lacer'ta, Lacer'tue, said  to  be so
called  in consequence of its limbs resembling the
arms (lacerti)  of man [?].   Saura, Sauroa,  (¥.)
LSzard.   Lizards were formerly employed in me-
dicine  as  sudorifics; and were, at one time, ex-
tolled  in  syphilis, cutaneous affections,  and in
cancer.
  LIZARDS TAIL, Saururus cernuus.
  LOADED, see Enduit.
  LOADSTONE, Magnet.
  LOATHING, Disgust.
  LOB ARIA  ISLANDICA, Lichen  Islandicus
— 1. Pulmonaria, Lichen pulmonarius — 1. Saxa-
tilis, Lichen Saxatilis.
  LOBE,  Lobue.   A round, projecting part of an
organ.  The liver, lungs, and brain, for example,
have lobes.
  Lobe of the Ear, Lob'ule of the Ear, is a soft,
rounded prominence, which terminates the  cir-
cumference of the pavilion inferiorly, and which
is pierced in those who wear rings.
  The under surface of  the brain is divided into
two anterior, two lateral, two po'eterior, and two
intermediate lobee  or proceesee.   These  Chaussier
calls lobules of the brain: the  cerebral  hemi-
spheres he terms lobee.
  Lobe, Biven'tral.  A wedge-shaped lobe of
the  cerebellum, situate behind the amygdala.
  LOBE  DOUDENAL, Lobulus Spigelii — J.
PancrSatique, Lobulus Spigelii — I. Petit dufioie,
Lobulus Spigelii—I. de Spigel, Lobulus  Spigelii. |
   LOBELIA, BLUE, L. syphilitica.
   Lobe'lia Cardina'lis, Lobelia coccin'ea, Tra-
 che'lium Americanum,  Car'dinal Plant, Car'di-
 nal Flower,  Scarlet Lobelia.  Ord. Lobeliaceae.
 This species  is indigenous in the United States.
 It blooms in autumn, having beautiful carmine
 flowers.   The root is a reputed anthelmintic with
 the Indians.
   Lobelia Coccinea, L. Cardinalis.
   Lobelia Infla'ta; Indian or Wild Tobac'co,
 Puke  Weed,  Asthma Weed, Eyebright,  Emet'io
 Weed, Lobe'lia (Ph. U. S.).  The prominent vir-
 tues  of  this American  plant are  those of an
 emetic.  In  smaller doses it is sedative, and has
 been given as a pectoral in croup, asthma, Ac.
 It is, also, sudorific and cathartic, and is an acro-
 narcotic poison.  Twenty grains act as an emetic.
   Lobelia, Palespiked, L. spicata.
   Lobelia Pinifo'lia.  A South African plant,
 the root of  which  is excitant and diaphoretic.
 A decoction  of it is sometimes used in the Cape
 Colony as a  domestic remedy in cutaneous affec-
 tions, chronic rheumatism, and gout.
   Lobelia, Scarlet, L. Cardinalis.
   Lobelia Spica'ta, Palespiked Lobelia; indi-
 genous : is a diuretic.
   Lobelia Syphilit'ica,  L. refiex'a,  Rannn'-
 culue  Virginia'nue,  Rapun'tinm  Syi>hilil icum,
! Blue Lobelia, Blue Car'dinal Flower.   The root
 of this plant, which is  indigenous in  the United
 States, is an  emetic and drastic cathartic.  It has
 been used in  syphilis; hence  its name.  Tbe
 mode of preparing it is  to  boil Jss of the  dried
 root in Oxij of water, until the fluid  id reduced
 to Oviij.   Dose, Oss.
   LOBES BIJUMEAUX, Quadrigemli.a tuber-
 cula—1.  Cerebral, see Lobe.
   Lobes of the Liver, Pinna seu Lobi seu Pin'-
 nula He'patis.  See Lobule.
   Lobes,  Optic,  Quadrigemina  tubercula—I.
 Optiques, Quadrigemina tubercula.
   LOBI HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver —1. Pul-
 monum, see  Pulmo.
   LOB'ULAR, Lobula'rie.   Same etymon as Lo-
 bule.  Relating to or belonging to a lobule :—as
 lobular pneumonia, (¥.)  Pneumonie lobulaire, P.
 mamelonnSe, P. diesSminSe.   Pneumonia anatomi-
 cally characterized by nuclei of red or  gray hepa-
 tization disseminated in variable numbers in one
 or both lungs.
   Lobular Biliary Plexus.  The plexus formed
 of lobular hejiatic ducts, which are derived chiefly
 from the interlobular. This plexus forms the prin-
 cipal part of the substance of the lobule.
   Lobular Venous Plexus.  The plexus inter-
 posed between the  interlobular portal veins, and
 the intralobular hepatic vein.
   LOB'ULE, Lob'ulue, diminutive of lobus, 'a
 lobe.'  A little lobe.  Mr. Kiernan uses the term
 lobule, for  the acinus of the liver of many anato-
 mists.
   Lobule of the Corpus  Striatum, Insula ce-
 rebri — 1. of  the Ear,  Lobe of the Ear — 1. of the
 Fissure of Sylvius, Insula cerebri—I. du Foie, Lo-
 bulus Spigelii—1. of the  Liver, see Liver—1. of the
 Lung, see  Pulmo—1. Pneumogastric, Flo*cculus.
   LOBULI,  see  Lobulus — 1. Pulmonales, see
 Pulmo.
   LOBULUS ACCESSORIUS   ANTERIOR
 QUADRATUS, L. anonymus.
   Lob'ulus  seu Lobus Anon'ymus, L.  acceeeo'-
 riue ante'rior  quadra'tue,  L. quadra'tue, (¥.)
 Eminence porte antirieure.   This is situate in the
 liver between the passage for the round ligament
 and the gall-bladder, and is less prominent, but
 broader,  than the  Lobulue caudatue.  From the
 lobulus anonymus a bridge runs across the pas-
 sage for  the  round  ligament.  It is called Pom
 seu lethmue te'patis. 
LOBUS                 552  LOISELEURIA  PROCUMBENS
  Lobulus  seu  Lobus Cacda'tus,  Procee'sus
eaudiitus.  This is merely the root or one of the
ang'<is of the lobulus Spigelii, advancing towards
the middle of the lower side  of the great lobe,
and representing a kind of tail. Also, the termi-
nation of the helix and anthelix of the ear, which is
separated frorr the concha by an extensive fissure.
  Lob'ulus  Certra'lis.  A small lobule or pro-
minence of the superior vermiform process of the
cerebellum, situate it the ineisura anterior.
  Lobulus Nasi,  see Easus — 1.  Pneumogastri-
cas, Flocculus—1.  Posterior, I>. Spigelii—1. Posr
tiens papillatus,  L. Spigelii — L  Quadratus,  L.
anonymus—1. Renum, Ferrein, pyr.vnid of.
  Lobulus seu Lobus Spige'lii, L. poete'rior seu
posticus papilla'tus, (¥.) Eminence poric poetS-
rieure,  Lobule ou Petit lobe  dufioie, Lobe dt Spi-
gel ou duodSnal ou pancrSatiqiie, is situate  nee* I
the spine, upon the left side  of the great lobe of
the liver, and is of a pyramidal shape, projecting,
like a nipple, between  the cardia and vena cava,
at the small curvature of the stomach.  •
  LOBUS, Lobe, see  Lobulus — 1. Quadrangula-
ris, see Cerebellum — 1. Semilunaris, see Cere-
bellum—1. Superior anterior, see Cerebellum — 1.
Superior posterior, see Cerebellum.
  LOCAL, Loca'lie, Top'icus, Mer'icue, Partia'lis,
Top'ical, (¥.) Locale,  Topique.  An affection is
called local — Morbus Loca'lis, — when  confined
to a part, without implicating the general system;
or, at all events, only secondarily.  Local is thus
opposed to general. A local or topical application
is one used externally.  See Topical.
  LOCH, Looch.
  LOCHADES, see Sclerotic.
  LOCH I'A or LO'CHIA, Purgamen'ta Puerpe'-
rii  seu  U'teri, Purga'tio puerpe'rii,  Lyma, from
Xi»xos, ' a woman  in childbed,' Xoxtia, ' parturi-
tion;'  (F.)  Suitee de  couchee,  Vidangee.  The
cleaneinge.  A sero-sanguineous discharge follow-
ing delivery.  During the first two or three days,
it is bloody; but  afterwards becomes green-co-
loured.—green waters—and exhales a disagreeable
and  peculiar odour.    The  lochia, in  different
stages,  have received the names Lochia cruen'ta,
L. sero'sa and  L.  alba  seu  muco'ea seu lac'tea.
The duration, quantity, and  character of the dis-
charge vary according to numerous  circumstan-
ces.  It flows from the part  of the uterus which
formed a medium of communication between the
mother and  foetus, and continues, usually, from
14 to 21 days.  See Parturition.
  LOCHIOC02LIITIS, Puerperal fever.
  L0CHIOD0CHIUM, Lochodochium.
  LOCHIOPYRA, Puerperal fever.
  LOCHIORRHAG"IA, from  lochia, and prrywpt,
'I make  an  irruption.'   An immoderate flow of
tbe lochia.  Hemorrhage from the uterus in the
child-bed state.
  LOCHIORRH03'A, from  lochia,  and pew, 'J
flow.'  Discharge or immoderate discharge of the
lochia.
  LOCHIORUM RETENTIO, Ischolochia.
  LOCHTOSCHESIS, Ischolochia.
  LOCHOCH, Looch.
  L 0 C H 0 D 0 C H I'U M, Lochiodochi'um, from
Xoxos, ' a female in childbed,'  and Sexopat, ' I re-
ceive.'   An institution for the  reception  of preg-
nant and childbed females.  A Lying-in-hoepital.
  LOCHOMETRITIS,  see Metritis.
  LOCHOMETROPHLEBITIS, see Phlebitis.
  LOCHOOPHORITIS, see Oaritis.
  LOCHOPERITONITIS, see Peritonitis.
  LOCH OS, Puerpera.
  LOCI, Uterus—1. Muliebres, Uterus, Vulva.
  LOCK  HOSPITAL.   A term  of uncertain
origin,  generally given to venereal hospitals in
Great Britain.
  LOCKED JAW, Trismus.
  LOCKING, Coxofciuoral articulation.
  LOCi(MOTILITY, see Locomotion.
  LOCOMO'TION, Locomo'tio, from  loeue, 'a
place,'  and movere, mot urn, 'to move.'  An action
peculiar to animal bodies, by which they trans-
port themselves from place to place.  It, as well
as muecula'tion, has also been used for the func-
tion of animal movements.  The faculty is some-
times called Locomotiv'ity and Locomotility.
  Locomotion of an Artery, is the movement
produced in the vessel with a curvature, by the im-
pulse  of the  bl6od sent  from the  heart, which
tends  to straighten the artery, and causes the
movement in question.
  LOCOMOTIVITY, see Locomotion.   •
  LOCULAMENTA COLI, see Colon.
  LOCUS CINEREUS, Substantia ferruginea.
  Locus Niger, see Peduncles of the Brain.
  Locus Perfora'tus  Anti'cus seu Ante'rior.
A triangular flat surface of the brain, which cor-
responds to the posterior extremity of each ol
factory prc^ess  in  front of the optic tract, an^
near the entrance of the fissure of Sylvius.  Sub-
stantia seu Lam'ina perfiora'ta ante'rior.
  Locus Perforates Posticus, see Tarini pont
  LOCUST, BLACK, Robinia Pseudo-acacia
  Locust  Eaters,  Acridophagi—1.  Plant, Cassi*
Marilandica—1. Tree, Robinia Psevdo-acacia.
  Locust, Yellow, Cladrastis tinctoria.
  LODGED, Wedged.
  LODOICEA, see Coco of the Maldives
  LOECHE,  MINERAL WATERS OF, Leu*.
mineral waters of.
  L03ME. Plague.
  L05MIA, Plague.
  L03MICUM, see Loemology.
  LO3M0CH0L0SIS, Fever, yellow.
  LOEMOCOMI'UM, from Xoipos,  'plague,' and
eoptw, ' I take care of.'  An  hospital  for those
affected with plague.
  LGEMOGRAPHY, Loimography.
  LC3MOLOGIUM, see Loemology.
  LGSMOL'OGY,  Loemolog"ia,  from  Xoipos,
'plague,' and  Aoyoj, 'a description.'  The doc-
trine of plague and pestilential diseases.  A trea-
tise on the same,—Lce'micwn, Loemolog"ium.
  L03M0PHTHALMIA, see Ophthalmia.
  LOZMOPYRA, Plague.
  L03MOS, Plague.
  LOGADES, Sclerotic.
  LOGADITIS, Sclerotitis.
  LOGIA'TROS, Logia'ter; from Xoyos, 'a word,'
and tarpos, 'a physician.'  In the  bad sense, a
physician without  experience: a mere theorist
In the good sense, a rational physician ; one who
treats  disease according to theoretical or  scien-
tific principles.
  LOGONEUROSES, from Xoyos, 'mind, reason,'
and vtvpov, 'a nerve.'  Diseases  of the mental
activity.—Romberg.
  LOGOS, Reason.
  LOGWOOD, Haematoxylon Campechianum.
  LOG"Y, Xoyos, 'a description.'  A  suffix de-
noting 'a treatise  or description.'   Hence, An-
gioloqy and Neurofoow, Ac.
  LOHOCH. Looch.
  LOIM0CH0LOSIS, Fever, yellow.
  LOIMOG'RAPHY,  Loimograph'ia,  Lcemog'-
raphy, from Xotuos, ' plague,' and ypa<pw,  ' I de-
scribe.'  A description  of the plague and  pesti-
lential diseases.
  LOIMOLOGY, Loemology.
  LOIMOS, Plague.
  LOINS, Lumbi.
  LOISELEU'RIA PROCUM'BENS,  Aza'lea
procum'bene; indigenous; Order, Ericaceae: has
some reputation as an astringent 
LOLIACEUM  RADICE REPENTE    55 3
LOOCH  ROUGE
  LOLIACEUM RADICE REPENTE, Triticum
repens.
  LOLIUM ANNULUM, L. temulentum.
  Lo'lium Tbmulent'um, L. an'munn, Crepa'lia
temuletlta, Bromue temulen'tue,  Darnel,  (Prov.)
Cockgraee, Jum, (¥.) Herbe d'lvrogne.  A species
of the genus  Lolium, (¥.) Ivraie; Ord.  Grami-
neae; Sex. Syst.  Triandria digynia,  which has
decidedly poisonous properties; occasioning, when
mixed in  bread  or beer, intoxication, vertigo,
nausea, and vomiting.
  LO MB AIRE, Lumbar.
  LOMBES,  Lumbi.
  LOMBO-ABDOMINAL, Transversalis abdo-
minis— I.  Costal,  Serratus  posticus inferior—I.
Coeto-traehSlien, Sacro-lumbalis—I. Doreo-epinal,
Transversalis  dorsi—I. Doreo-trachSHen, Longis-
simus  dorsi — l. HumSral, Latissimus dorsi — I.
SacrS, Lumbo-sacral.
  LOMBRIG, Ascaris lumbricoides.
  LOMBRICAUX, Lumbricales.
  LOMBRICOfDE, Ascaris lumbricoides.
  LONCHADES,  see Sclerotic
  LONCHADITIS, Sclerotitis.
  LONCHITIS, Polypodium filix mas.
  LONG, Longue,  Macroe.  That which is  much
greater in length  than in breadth;  as the long
bonee.   The  epithet is,  also, applied to several
muscles, to distinguish them from others of simi-
lar function, when  the  latter are  shorter.  We
say, for instance, long flexors, and long extensors,
in opposition to ehort flexors, and ehort extensors.
  LONG DU COU, Longus colli — I. du Doe,
Longissimus dorsi.
  LONG^EVUS, Macrobiotic.
  LONGANON, Rectum.
  LONGAON, Rectum.
  LONGAS,  Rectum.
  LONGEVITY, Longa'vitae,  from  longue,
'long,' and avum, 'age,' Macrobio'sie, Macrobl-
otee.  The prolongation  of existence to an ad-
vanced age.   Haller collected examples of more
than one thousand centenarians.  He had know-
ledge of sixty-two  persons aged from 110 to 120
years;  of twenty-nine, from 120  to  130 years;
and of fifteen, who had attained from 130 to 140
years.   Beyond this advanced age, examples of
longevity are much more rare and less sufficiently
attested.
  The following list of instances of very advanced
ages has been given:
                            Lived. Age.
Apollonius of  Tyana.......A. D. 99...130
St.  Patrick........................  491...122
Attila..............................  500...124
Llywarch Hen...................  500...150
St.  Coemgene....................  618...120
Piastus, King of Poland......  861...120
Thomas Parr..................... 1635...152
Henry Jenkins.................. 1670...169
Countess of Desmond......... 1612...145
Thomas Damme................ 1648...154
Peter Torten.................... 1724...185
Margaret Patten...............  1739...137
John Rovin and wife.........  1741...172 and 164
St.  Monagh or Kentigen...... 1781...185

  Longevity also means length or duration ofi life,
(¥.) DurSe de la vie.  The  mean age at  death,
(F.) Vie moyenne,  of different classes and profes-
sions enables  an estimate to be  formed  of the
expectation or value ofi life in each.
 . LONGING, Malacia.
  LONGISSIMUS, superlative of longue, 'long.'
Longest  A term  applied  to parts,  which are
very long in their relation to others.
  LONGISSIMUS DORSI, Semi-epina'tue, (¥.)
Lombo-doreo-trachSHen, Portion coeto-trachSlienne
du sacrospinal (Ch.). Long dorsal, Long du doe,
: is situate vertically at  the posterior part of tT 9
 trunk, and fills, in a great measure, the vertebral
 furrows.  It is  thick and almost square below;
 thin and pointed above.  It  is  attached to the
 posterior surface of the sacrum, to the transverse
 processes of all the lumbar and dorsal vertebrae,
 and to the inferior margin of the last 7 or 8 ribe.
 It maintains  the vertebral column in a straight
 position; straightens it when  bent forwards, and
 can even carry it back.  It also assists in the ro-
 tatory motion of the trunk.
   Longissimus  Femoris, Sartorius — 1.  Oculi,
 Obliquus superior oculi.
   LONG-SIGHTEDNESS, Presbytia.
   LONGUS, Long.
   LONGUS COLLI, (¥.) PrS-doreo-cervical, PrS-
 doreo-atloidien, (Ch.,) Long du cou.  This muscle
 is situate at the anterior and superior part  of the
 vertebral column.   It is  long, flat, and broader
 at its middle than at its extremities, which are
 pointed.  It is attached to the anterior surface of
 the bodies  of the first  three dorsal and last six
 cervical vertebrae; to the intervertebral ligaments;
 to the anterior edge of the transverse processes of
 the last five cervical vertebrae ; and to the tuber-
 cle on the anterior arch of the first.  This muscle
 bends the cervical vertebrae upon each other and
 upon the dorsal vertebrae.  If the upper portion
 acts on one side only, it occasions the rotation of
 the atlas on  the vertebra dentata;  and, conse-
 quently, of the head on the neck.
   LONICERA GERMANICA, L. Periclymenum
 —1. Marilandica, Spigelia Marilandica.
   Lonice'ra  Periclym'enum,  L.  German'ica,
 Periclym'enum, P. vulga're, Caprifo'lium, C. Peri-
 clym'enum seu eylvat'icum seu distinclum, Common
  Woodbine,  Honeysuckle,  (Prov.) Suckling, (¥.)
 Chlvre-fieuille.   This common  plant  is slightly
 astringent and tonic, and was formerly much used
 in gargles.
   Lonice'ra  Sempervi'rens,  Caprifo'lium sem-
 pervirens, Scarlet or  Trumpet Honeyeuckle.  Ord.
 Caprifoliaceae;  indigenous.   A  syrup of  the
 leaves is said to have been given in asthma and
 in amygdalitis.  [?]
   LONK, Coxofemoral articulation.
   LOOCH, Lohoch,  Loch,  Lochoeh,  Looch, of
 Arabic extraction.  A linctus.  See Eclegma and
 Eclectos.
   Looch absque  Emulsio'ne  Para'tum, Look
 prSparS sans Smulsion; Looch prepared without
 emulsion.   (Pulv. g.  trag. gr. xvj —gr. xxx, ol.
 amygd. dulc.  Jss., sacchar. Jj, aqua  Jiij, aqua
 flor. aurant. gij.  Mix by rubbing in a marble
 mortar.)  Demulcent.
   Looch Album, L. amygdali'num, Linctus albus
 seu amygdalinue seu commu'nie, Ecleg'ma album
 seu gummo'eo-oleo'eum, (F.) Looch blanc,  L. b.
 amygdalin, L. b. pectoral.  (Amygd.  dulc.  Jss,
 amygd. amar. No. ij, sacchar. alb. £iv.  Make an
 emulsion by gradually adding Jiv ofi water.  Then
 take pulv.  traghcanth.  gr. xvj. ol. amygd. dulc.
 recent.  Jss, sacch. £ij.   Add  the almond  milk
 gradually to this, and afterwards aq. flor. aurant.
 3»ij. Ph. P.)  It is demulcent and pectoral.
   Looch Amygdalinum, L. album — I. Blanc, L.
 album — 1.  cum Croco et pistaciis, L.  viride — 1.
 of Egg, L.  ex Ovo.
   Looch ex Ovo, L. pectora'le len'iens, Potio seu
 emul'eio seu mietu'ra len'iene  seu oleo'ea, Looch
 of Egg, (¥.) Look d'ceufi,  Looch rouge, Emulsion
 huileuee, Mixture calmante, Potion pectorale, Lait
 adonciesant.  ( Vitell. ovi. recent. Jss,  ol. amygd.
 dulc. Jiss, eyrup. althaa, Jj.   Rub in a mortar,
 and  add  by degrees, aq. flor.  aurant. Jj, aq.
 papav. rhcead. Jij.  Ph. P.)  Virtues the same
 as the preceding.
   LOOCH  ROUGE, L.  ex  Ovo — I. Vert,  L.
 viride. 
LOOK                  55
  Looch Vir'idI, L. cum croce et pieta'ciie, (¥.) ||
Looch vert.  (Syrup. Violar* Jj, tinct. croci gtt.
XX., aqua 3'v-  Mix, and add pietacia eemin. eicc.
3vj.   Ph. P.)   Virtues  like the last
  LOOK, Looch — I. d'CEuf, Looch ex ovo—I.
PrSparS sans emulaion, Looch absque  emulsione
paratum.
  LOOSE  STRIFE,  CREEPING, Lysimachia
nummularia—1. s. Four-leaved, Lysimachia quad-
rifolia.
  LOOSENESS, Diarrhoea —1. of the  Teeth,
Odontoseisis.
  LOPEZ  RADIX, Radix  lopezia'na seu In'-
dica lopezia'na. The root of an unknown Indian
tree, not possessed of any remarkable smell or
ta3te, or of any appearance of resinous  matter.
It has been extolled, notwithstanding, in cases of
colliquative diarrhcea.   Gaubius compares its ac-
tion to  that of  simarouba,  but  thinks  it more
efficacious.
  LOPHADIA, Lophia.
  LOPHIA, Lopha'dia, Xotpta.   The upper part
of the  neck.  The first vertebra of the  back —
 Ver'tebra dorei prima.—Gorraeus.
  LOPIMA, Fagus castanea.
  LOQUACITY, Garru'litae;  from  loquor, 'I
speak.   (F.) Babillement.   The act of speaking
with volubility.  It is  sometimes a symptom of
disease, and is observable in hysteria, Ac.
   LOQUELA. Voice,   articulated — 1.  Abolita,
Aphonia—1. Blaesa, Balbuties—1. Impedita, Ba-
ryphonia.
   LORDOSIS, Lordo'ma, from Xop&os, 'curved,'
' bent.'  Repanda'tio, Repan'ditae.  A name given
to curvatures  of the bones in  general; and par-
ticularly to that of the vertebral column forwards;
Spina dorei intror'eum fiexa, Emproethocyrto'ma.
This gives rise to  the projection  of the sternum
called chicken-breasted  or pigeon-breasted.  Pec-
tus carina'tum, Pig"eon breast, narrow cheet.
   LORIND   MATRFCIS, Epilepsia  uteri'na,
 Convulsi'vue ute'ri morbue,  A  barbarous name
given to a pretended epilepsy of the womb.
   LORIPES. see  Kyllosis.
   LORUS, Hydrargyrum.
   LOT, Urine.
   LOTA MOLVA, see Oleum jecoris aselli — 1.
 Vulgaris, see  Oleum jecoris aselli.
   LOTIO, Enema, Lotion — 1. Cupri sulphatis
 camphorata, Lotion, camphorated, of Bates — 1.
 Rubra, Lotion, camphorated, of Bates.
   Lotio Rubra,  Red  waeh, (Hydrarg.  chlorid.
 corrosiv. gr.  xviii; H. sulphureti rubr. gr. ix;
 Creaeot. Tt\, vi; Aqua  f J viij.  May be  used  in
 the proportion  of f Jj; to from f Ji to f Jiij  of
 water;  like the yellow  wash.
   Lotio Saponacea, see Sapo.
   LO'TION,  Lo'tio, Lotu'ra, from lavare, lotum,
 'to wash.'  (F.)  Hydrolotif,  HydrolS.   A fluid
 external application.  Lotions  are ordinarily ap-
 plied by wetting linen in them and keeping it  on
 the part affected.
   Lotion, Barlow's,  Lotion  of Sulph'wet  of
 potasa'ium.  (Potaaaii sulphur, Jiij ; Sapon. Jiss;
 Aq.  Calcie,  fjviiss;   alcohol,  dilut.  fjij. M.)
 Used in various chronic cutaneous diseases.
   Lotion,  Camph'orated, of Bates,  Bates s
 camph'orated water, Lo'tio  cupri eulpha'tie cam-
 phora'ta, Lo'tio rubra, Red wash. ( Cupri eulphat.
 Jij ; Bol.  rubr. Jij ; Camphor. Jss ; Aq.  bullient.
 Oij.  Strain through linen,  f Jij of this, added
 to f Jiv of water, forms  Batee'e Collyrium, Col-
 lyr'ium Batea'num, which may also be made ex-
 temporaneously as follows : — Cupri  eulphat. gr.
 viij : boli, gr. viij ; Camphor, gr. ij ; Aq. bullient.
 f5 viij. Mix and filter.
   Lotion, Febure's.   A cancer remedy, which
 ocnsisted of areenic, gr. x; water, Oj; extract  of I
4               LOZENGES
hemlock, 3J ; Liquor Plumbi eubacetatie, f.^'Ui
laudanum, f Jj.
  Lotion, Gowland's.  An empirical prepara-
tion.  (Bitter almonde, Jj ; ettgar, Jij ; dietilled
water, Ibij.  Grind together, strain, and add cor-
roeive aublimute, Qij, previously ground with  ep.
vini red. Jij.)  Used in obstinate eruptions.
  Lotion,  Granville's Counter-Irritant,
Granville'e Lotion, Granville'e antid'ynoue lotion.
Of this lotion, Dr. Granville gives two forms —a
milder, and  a stronger.  The milder is made as
follows:  Liq. ammon. fort, f Jj ;  Sp. Roemarin.
f Jvj ; Tinct. camphor, f Jij, M.
  The etronger is made as follows : Liq. ammon.
fort, fjx; Spir. Roemar.  fjss;  Tinct. camphor,
f Jij, M.
  The stronger lotion vesicates rapidly.  A piece
of cotton  or linen folded six or seven times, or a
piece of thick flannel may be imbued with them,
and laid for a few minutes on the part to be irri-
tated.
  The Dublin Pharmacopoeia has a Linimen'tum
Ammo'nia Compos'itum,  Compound Liniment of
Ammonia, which is a close imitation of Gran-
rille'e Lotion.
  Lotion,  Hannay's,  Preventive  waeh.   This
famous nostrum for the prevention  of venereal
infection, was nothing more  than a solution of
caustic potass.
  Lotion, Hydrooyan'ic, Lotio Ac"idi  Hydro-
cyan'ici. (Hydrocyanic acid, f Jiv; rectified epirit
ofi wine, f Jj ; dietilled water, f^xss.)  Used with
much success in impetigo, Ac.
  Lotion, Struve's, for Hooping-Cough.  (An-
tim. et Potaee. tart. Jj; Aqua, Jij.  Add finer.
cantharid. Jj.)
  LOTIUM, Urine.
  LOTURA, Lotion.
  LOTUS SYLVESTRIS, Trifolium melilotus—
1. Virginiana, Diospyros Virginiana.
  LOUCHEMENT, Strabismus.
  LOUCHES, see Strabismus.
  LOUPE, Wen.
  LOUSE, Pediculus.
  LOUSINESS, Phtheiriasis.
  LOUSY DISEASE, Phtheiriasis.
  LOUTRON, Bath.
  LOVAGE, Ligusticum levisticum.
  LOVE, Eroe, Amor,  from  Sax. lupian, (G.)
lieben, 'to love.'  (F.) Amour.  A tender and
 elevated feeling, which attracts  one sex to the
 other.  Love is occasionally a cause of  disease,
 especially of insanity.
  Love Apple Plant,  Solanum lycopersicum —
1. Begot, Illegitimate — 1. Child, Illegitimate — 1.
 Pea, Abrus precatorius.
   LOW  SPIRITS, Hypochondriasis.
   LOWER, TUBERCLE OF, Tuber'culum Low-
 ed.  Anatomists have given this name to a small
 projection, the existence of which  is by no means
 constant, and which is found in the sinus venosus,
 between the superior and inferior cava.
   LOXAR'THRUS,  Loxar'thrum,  from  Aojof,
 'oblique,' and ap&pov, 'articulation.' (F.) Perrer-
 don de la  tete  dee  oe et dee mueclee.  A vicious
 deviation or direction of the joints, without spasm
 or  luxation,—as in  clubfoot.
   LOXIAS, Torticollis.
   LOXOPHTHALMUS,  Strabismus.
   LOZANGIA, Lozenge.
   LOZENGE, Tabella.
   LOZENGES,  BARK,  Tabellae cinchonas—1.
 of  Catechu and magnesia, Tabellae  antimoniahs
 Kunckelii—1. Faustinus's, Faustini pastilli -1.
 for the Heart-burn, Trochisci carbonatis  calcis —
 1. Magnesia, Tabellae de magnesia—1. of Marsh-
 mallows, Tabellae de althaea — 1. of Oxalic acid,
 Tabellae acidi  oxalici — 1. Pectoral, black, Tro-
 chisci glycyrrhizse glabrae—L Pectoral,  of erne- 
LUBIDO                 555                 LUMBI
tine, Trochisci emetinae  pectorales — 1. Rhubarb,
Tabellae  de  rheo — 1. of Scammony and senna,
oompound, Tabellae de scammonio et senna— 1.
Spitta's, see  Trochisci glycyrrhizae  cum opio — 1.
Steel, Tabellae  de  ferro — 1. Steel, aromatic, see
Tabellae de ferro—1. Sulphur, simple, Tabellae de
sulphure simplices — 1. Sulphur, oompound, Ta-
bellae de sulphure compositae — 1. of Sulphuret
of antimony, Tabellae antimoniales Kunckelii—
1. Wistar's,  Trochisci glycyrrhizae  cum opio — 1.
Worm, Ching's, see Worm lozenges, (Ching's.)
  LUBIDO, Libido—1.  Intestini, Voluntas  dese-
dendi.
  LUBRICANTIA, Demulcents, Emollients.
  LUBRICUM CAPUT, Penis.
  LUCCA,  MINERAL  WATERS  AND  CLI-
MATE OF.  The  baths and  waters, near this
ancient Italian city, have been long celebrated.
They are thermal, and  resemble, in properties,
those  of Plombi&res in France,  and of  Bath
England.   They contain carbonic  acid, sulphates
of alumina,  soda, magnesia, and iron.  There are
ten  different sources, the temperature of which
varies from  94° to 130° Fahr.
   Lucca is much frequented  in summer; partly
on account  of its mineral waters, but more on
account of the coolness of the situation.
   LUCID,  Lu'cidue, from luceo,  ' I shine.'  In
medicine, the word lucid is particularly  applied
to  the intervals, Interval'la lu'eida, of apparent
reason, which occur in mental alienation.
   LUCIFER-MATCH-MAKERS'  DISEASE,
see Phosphorus.
   LUCIF'UGUS, from lux,  lucie, 'light,' and
fugere, 'to  shun.'  Photoph'obue, Photophob'icue.
 Dreading or avoiding the light.
   LUCINA, Uithyia.
   LUCOMANIA, Lycanthropia.
   LUCTUEUX(¥.), Luctuo'eue, 'mournful.'
 Plaintive.  An epithet  applied to  the respiration
 —'(F.) Reapiration luctueuee—when accompanied
 by moaning.
   LUCUMA,  (S.)  A fruit which grows in the
 southern provinces of the coast of Peru,  and the
 north of Chili.  It is round; and the gray-brown
 husk encloses a fibrous, dry, yellow-coloured fruit
 with its  kernel.—Tschudi.
   LUCUMORIA'NUS, probably from lux, 'light,'
 and morari, 'to tarry.'  Continuing for several
 days: hence, Dormil'io lucumoria'na. A morbid
 sleep persisting for several days.
   LUDUS   HELMON'TII,  L, Paracel'ei,  Fel
 terra.  A calcareous stone, the precise nature not
 known, which was used by the ancients in  calcu-
 lous affections.  The term was also applied to
 every species  of  calculous concretion occurring
 in the animal body.
   Ludus Paracelsi, L. Helmontii.
   LUDWIG'IA PALUS'TRIS, L.nit'ida,Isnar'-
 dia palue'trie,  Water Purelaine, Phthieie  Weed.
 Order, Onagraceae ; indigenous.   An infusion of
 the dried plant has  been used as a pectoral in
 asthma and chronic cough.
   LUES, Disease, Plague, Syphilis —1. Divina,
 Epilepsy—1.  Dysenterica, Dysentery—1.  Gonor-
 rhoea, Gonorrhoea impura—1. Gutturis epidemi-
 ca, Cynanche  maligna —1. Indica, Framboesia—
 1. Inguinaria,  Plague—1. Pannoniae, Fever, Hun-
 gary__j. Polonica, Plica.—1.  Sarmatica. Plica—1.
 Syphilis, Syphilis—1. Syphilodes,  Syphilis pseu-
 do-syphilis—1. Trichomatica,  Plica—1. Venerea,
 Syphilis—L Scorbutica, see Purpura.
    LUETTE,  Uvula — I. Vesicate, see  Urinary
 bladder.
    LUG, Ear.
    LUGDUS, Erysipelas.
    LUJULA, Oxalis acetosella.
    LULLABY SPEECH, Lallation.
    LUMBA'GO, from lumbi,  ' the  loins.'  Arthro'-
sia  lumbo'rum,  Lumbago seu Nephralgia rheu-
malica, Rachirrheu'ma, Rachiorrheu'ma, Rheu-
matie'mue dorea'lie,  Oaphyrrheu'ma.  Rheuma-
tism affecting the lumbar region.
  Lumba'go psoad'ica, L. apoetemato'ea, L.  ab
arthroc'ace. Pain in the loins from abscess. See
Psoitis.
  Lumbago a Nisu, see Effort.
  LUMBAR, Lumba'rie seu Lumba'lia, (¥.) Lom-
baire.  From lumbi, 'the loins.'   Belonging  or
having reference to the loins.
  Lumbar Abscess, Peoae  abecees, Apoate'ma
paoat'icum, Abaces'aua lumbo'rum, Morbus paoad'-
icue.   This abscess is so called from the matter
being found on  the side  of the psoas muscle, or
betwixt that and the iliacus internus.  Between
these muscles is a quantity of loose, areolar sub-
stance; and when  an abscess takes place there,
it can find no  outlet except by a distant course.
Generally, it descends along the  psoas muscle,
forming  a swelling  immediately  beneath Pou-
part's  ligament; at times,  however, it extends
down  the  thigh under the fascia.  Severe hectic
follows the bursting of  the abscess, and often
death.  Its causes are, — scrofula, injury to the
loins,  Ac.
   When, from  the pain  of the back continuing
for some time, with  other symptoms, the disease
is suspected, caustics, or the moxa, applied op-
posite the transverse processes of the lumbar ver-
tebrae, may be  recommended; and, when the ab-
scess is ready for opening, it may be emptied by
repeated  discharges  of  the matter, through a
small  opening, made with a  lancet,  or small,
lancet-pointed  trocar.  The medical treatment
consists  in supporting  the  system, under the
great restorative efforts required of it.
   Lumbar Arteries are four or five in number
on each side.  They arise  from the sides  of the
abdominal aorta,  and pass behind the muscles
situate in front of the lumbar portion of tbe spine,
to gain the broad muscles of the abdomen. They
give off, 1. Spinal branches.  2. Anterior, poste-
rior, and external muscular branches.
   Lumbar Nerves are five in number, and issue
from the vertebral column by the spinal foramina
 of the loins.   The first  lumbar nerve gives  off
 three  branches:—the external or ilio-ecrotal;  the
middle or inguino-cutaneoue, and  the internal or
 infra-pubian.  Along with the three pairs below
 it, it forms the lumbar plexus.
   Lumbar Plexus, Portion lombaire  du plexue
 crural ( Ch.),  Plexue  Lombo-abdominal.  This
 plexus is formed by the union  of the Rami com-
 munican'tee of  the anterior  branches of the first
 four lumbar nerves.  It is situate behind the psoas
 muscle,  and before the transverse processes of
 the lumbar vertebrae.  It  furnishes, besides  the
 branches which proceed from the first pair, seve-
 ral filaments,  that are distributed to  the psoas
 muscle, to the  iliacus, the integments, and glands
 of the groin; and three great branches—the cru-
 ral, obturator,  and lumbo-eacral.
   LumbAr Region,  Lumbi.
   Lumbar Veins have an arrangement analogous
 to that of the arteries of the same name.  They
 communicate with the vertebral sinuses, azygout
 veins, Ac, and pass into the vena cava inferior.
   LUMBARIS EXTERNUS,  Quadratus lumbo-
 rum—1. Internus, Psoas magnus.
   LUMBI, The loin or loine, Lumbar region,
 (Old  Eng.)  Lende,  (Sc.)  Lendie; Re'gio lum-
 ba'lie, Lap'ara,  Peoa, plural  Peoa,  Osphye,
 Reine, (¥.) Lombee.   The posterior regions of the
 abdomen, composed between the base of the chesl
 and  the  pelvis.  The parts which enter into tha
 formatiou of the lumbar region are,—the skin; a
 considerable quantity of areolar texture; broad
 and strong aponeuroses: — the Latieaimue Dorsi, 
LUMBO-SACRAL           556                LUTE.
 Obliquus externus, and Obliquus internus abdomi-
 nis, Traneverealie  abdominie, Quadratus  lumbo-
 rum, and the mass common to the Sacro-lumbalis,
 Longissimus dorsi, and MuUifidue spina.  These
 muscles surround the lumbar region of the verte-
 bral column.  The vessels,  nerves, Ac,  of the
 loins, are called lumbar.
   LUMBO-SACRAL.  Belonging to the lumbar
 and sacral regions.  (F.) Lombo-eacrS.  Bichat
 calls thus a very large nerve, given off from the
 anterior branch of the fifth lumbar pair, which
 descends into the pelvis before the sacrum to join
 the sciatic plexus.
   LUMBRICA'LIS, Vermicula'rie.  Resembling
 a lumbricus, or ' earthworm.'  A  name given to
 small muscles, (F.) Lombricaux, met with in the
 palm of the hand and sole of the foot.
   Lumbricales Manus, Fidicina'lee, Flexor pri-
 mi interno'dii digito'rum  mantle  seu perfora'tus
 lumbrica'lis,  (¥.)  Annuli-tendino-phalangiene,
 Palmi-phalangiene.   Four small, fleshy,  thin,
 round,  long,  fusiform fasciculi,  situate  in the
 palm of the  hand, and distinguished into  first,
 second, third, and fourth,  counting from without
 to within.  They arise from  the  tendons of the
 flexor communis digitorum, and  are inserted at
 the outer and posterior side of the superior ex-
 tremity of the first phalanges of the last four fin-
 gers.   These muscles  bend  the  fingers  on the
 metacarpus, and fix the  tendons of  the flexor
 digitorum communis.
   Lumbricales Pedis, (F.) Planti-tendino-pha-
 langiene,  Planti-eoue-phalangiene, (Ch.)   They
 are analogous to those of the hand in form, num-
 ber, and arrangement.  They increase the flexion
 of the toes, and draw them inwards.
   LUMBRICUS, Ascaris  lumbricoides—1.  La-
 tus, Bothriocephalus latus,  Taenia solium — 1.
 Teres hominis, Ascaris lumbricoides.
   LUMBUS VENERIS, Achillea millefolium.
   LUMEN,  Light,  Pupil —1.  Constans, Phos-
 phorus.
   L UMIERE, Light.
   LUMINOSITY, Phosphorescence.
   LUNA, Argentum, Moon — 1. Albini,  Sciatic
 notch, lesser — 1. Imperfecta, Bismuth — 1. Pota-
 bilis, Argenti nitras.
   LUNACY, see Lunatic.
   LUNAR, JLunatic
   LUNA'RE OS.  Oe eemiluna're.  The  second
 bone in the upper row of the carpus.
   LUNARIA, Menses.
   Luna'ria  Redivi'va.  Leiicoium, Bulbonach,
 Satin,  Honeety.   Said, by Ray,  to be a warm
 diuretic.
   LUNARIS, Lunatic.
   LU'NATIC,  Lunat'icue, Luna'ris, Luna'rine,
 Lunar, from luna,  'the moon.'  Relating  to the
 moon.   An epithet given  to  diseases which are
 supposed to appear at certain phases of the moon,
 or to those who are affected by tbem.  The term
 lunatic (Moon'ed, Moonstruck, Selenoble'tue), is re-
 stricted to one labouring under lunacy or mental
 alienation,  Demen'tia accidenta'lie  seu  adven-
 til'ia,  that is, under any  form unsoundness of
 mind, except  idiocy.  In law, a  lunatic  is one
 who has had an understanding, but by disease,
 grief, or other accident, has lost  the use of his
 reason,  and  become  non  compos  mentie or non
 compoe.
  LUNATICUS, Epileptic,  Lunatic,  Somnam-
 bulist.
  LUNATISMUS, Somnambulism.
  L UNE, Moon—I. d'Eau, Nymphaea alba,
  LUNELLA, Hypopyon.
  LUNES. Menses.
  LUNETTES ORDINAIRES, Spectacles.
  LUNG, Pulmo—1. Black, of coal miners,  An-
thracosis—1. Cancer of the, Phthisis, cancerous.
    Lung Fever, Catarrh, Pneumonia.
    Lung, Perforating Abscess  of the.   A pu-
  rulent collection, which  forms  exterior  to tbe
  lung, and afterwards perforates its tissue, so that
  it is evacuted through the bronchial tubes.
    Lung Proof, Docimasia pulmonum—1. Wort,
  Pulmonaria—1. Wort, cow's, Verbascum  nigrum
  —1. Wort, tree, Lichen'pulmonarius.
    LUNULA. Onyx—1.  Unguium, see Nail — L
  Scapulae,  Notch, scapular.
    LUNYIE, Lumbi.
    LUNYIE-BANE, Ischion.
    LUPIA, Encystis, Wen — 1. Junctura, Spina
  ventosa.
    LUPI'NUS.  Under this term the white lupin,
  Luplnue  albue seu eatlvue, Ord. Lfeguuiinosae,
  is  meant, in some pharmacopoeias.   The seeds,
  which were much eaten in the days of Pliny and
  of Galen,  are now neglected.   The meal is,  how-
  ever, occasionally used  as an anthelmintic, and
  as a cataplasm.
    LU'POID, Lupoi'dee, badly compounded from
  lupue, and ttSos, 'resemblance.'   Resembling, or
  having the character of, lupus.
    LUPULI'NA, Lu'pulin, Lupulin'ic glande.   A
  substance  which exists  in  Humulus  lupulus or
  hop.   It is in the form of small,  shining, yellow-
  ish grains, which cover the base  of the scales of
  the hop;  is pulverulent,  and  of an aromatic
  odour.   When  analyzed, it is found  to contain
  resin, volatile oil in small quantity, and a bittef
  principle — Lupulite.  It is aromatic  and tonic,
  and—according to some—narcotic.
    LUPULINIC GLANDS, Lupulina.
    LUPULITE, see Lupulina.  •
    LUPULUS,  Humulus  lupulus — 1.  Communis,
  Humulus  lupulus—1. Salictarius, Humulus lupu-
  lus—1. Scandens, Humulus lupulus.
    LUPUS, ' the wolf.'   So named from its rapa-
  city.   Lupue ex'edene  seu  vorax seu  dev'orans,
  Jacob'e Ulcer,  Ulcus Tuberculo'sum,  Cancer seu
  Phymato'eie lupue, Noli me tang"ere.   Tubercular
  excrescences, with ragged, spreading ulcerations,
  chiefly about the alae nasi, where they destroy
  the skin,  Ac, for some  depth.   Sometimes they
  appear  in the  cheek, circularly, or in the shape
  of a sort  of  ringworm, destroying the substance,
  and leaving  a  deep and deformed cicatrix.  The
  knife or caustic should  be used  to separate tbe
  sound from the morbid parts.  Arsenic has been
  given  internally with  advantage.   See,  also,
  Herpes exedens, and Lycoides.
    Lue,us  Cancrosus, Cancer — 1. Devorans, see
  Lupus—1.  Exedens,  Lupus—1. Varicosus, Naevi
  —1. Vorax, Herpes exedens, see Lupus.
    LURCO, Glutton.
    LURID,  Lu'ridue.   Pale,  yellow,  sallow,—
  applied to the complexion.
    LURKEY-DISH, Mentha pulegium.
    LUROR, Paleness.
    LUS, Sacrum.
    LUSCIOSITAS, Luscitas, Myopia.
    LUSCIOSUS, Borgne,  Myops.
    LUS'CITAS, Luedoa'itae, Luecil'ies, Luecit"*
  ion, from  luecue, 'a blinkard,'  luecioeue,  'dim-
  sighted.'  Strabismus.   The term  has also been
  given to any case of obliquity in which the eye
  is fixed in an  unnatural position.—Beer.  The
  obliquity termed  Cock-eye is a  form of Luscitas.
    LUSCITIES, Luscitas.
    LUSCUS,  .Borgne.
    LUSS, Pityriasis.
    LUSTRAMENTUM, Cathartic.
    LUT, Lute.
    LUTE,  Lutum  ('mud'), Camentum.   (F.) Lut.
  A composition  employed either for closing aper-
  tures  in  a  pharmaceutical instrument,  or for
|| covering the  surface of retorts, tubes.  Ac, which
li have to support a great  degree  of heat  Lutes 
LUTEOLA               557               LYCOPUS
are composed differently, according to tbe object
to be accomplished.  Commonly, they are made
of linseed meal and starch.  The fat lute is formed
of clay and drying oil.  Sometimes, the white of
egg and  lime are used; and that which is  em-
ployed  for  covering  vessels,  intended   to  be
strongly  heated, is made of clay, sifted sand, and
water.
   LUTEOLA, Reseda luteola.
   LUTE US, Yellow.
   LUTRON, Xovrpov.    A bath.   Also, an oph-
thalmic medicine.—Galen.
   LUX,  Light.
   LUXATIO, Luxation—1. Imperfecta, Sprain.
   LUXA'TION, Eluxa'tion,  from luxare, luxa-
tum, 'to  put out of place.'   Disloca'tion, Oliethe'-
ma, Apoped'aeie, Luxa'tio, Dieloca'tio, Ec'clieie,
Strem'ma, Luxatu'ra, Ectop'ia, Ecpto'eia, Elap'-
sue, Lygie'mue,  Emo'tio, Ec'ataaia, Exarthre'ma,
E. luxa'tio, Exarthro'ma,  Exarthro'sis, Exo'aia,
Exothe'ais,  Paratop'ia, Streblo'ais,  Deloca'tio,
Exarticula'tio,  (¥.) Luxation,  Dislocation,  DS-
boitement.   A  displacement  of a part from its
proper  situation.   A   putting out  of  joint.  A
displacement of two  or more bones, whose  arti-
cular surfaces have lost, wholly, or in part, their
natural connexion;  either owing to external vio-
lence, (accidental luxation,) or to disease  of some
of the parts about the joint (epontaneoua luxation.)
Luxation is complete when the bones have entirely
lost their natural  connexion ; incomplete, when
they  partly preserve  it; and compound,  when a
wound  communicates  with  the luxated joint.
The general indications of treatment, are;  — 1.
To reduce  the protruded bone to its Original
place.   2. To  retain  it tn eitu.   3. To  obviate
any attendant or consequent symptoms.
   To reduce requires  extension, counter-exten-
sion, and coaptation.
   LUXEUIL, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Saline
waters, at the town of Luxeuil, at the foot of the
Vosges,  in the  department of Haute SaOne.  Five
springs  are thermal,  and two cold.   They seem
to contain carbonic acid, carbonates of iron and
lime, and chloride of sodium ;  and are employed
as aperient, tonic, and stimulant.
   LUZ.  Sacrum.
   LYCAN'CHE, Lycan'chie,  from Xvkos, 'a wolf,'
and ayxw, 'I strangle.'  Wolf quinsy, Wolf choak;
— as Cynanche  means Dog choak.  Also, hydro-
phobia.  See Lyco'ides.
   LYCANCHIS, Lycanche.
   LYCANTHROPE, see Lycanthropia.
   LYCANTHRO'PIA, from  Xvkos,  'a  wolf,' and
av^pwiros, 'a man:' Lyca'on, Insa'nia luplna, Ly-
coma'nia.  A variety of melancholy, in which
the person believes himself to be changed into a
wolf, and imitates  the voice  and habits  of that
animal.   One so circumstanced is  called a Ly'-
canthrope, Lycanthro'pua.
   LYCANTHROPUS, see Lycanthropia.
   LYCAON, Lycanthropia.
   LYCHNIDIUM, Biolychnium.
   LYCHNIS  GITHA'GO, Agroatem'ma githa'go,
 Corn cockle, Rose campion.  A naturalized Euro-
pean plant.  Ord. Caryophyllaceae.   The seeds
are somewhat acrid,  but not poisonous.  They
were, at one  time, employed in cutaneous dis-
eases, and in hemorrhage, and as a topical appli-
cation to ureers and fistula?.
   Lychnis Officinalis, Saponaria—1. Sylvestris,
Saponaria.
   LYCIINIUM, Biolychnium.
   LY'CIUM, Avkiov.   A medicinal substance, an-
ciently obtained from the roots and branches of a
thorny shrub  growing in Lycia.  It was astrin-
gent, and used in  dysentery, ulcers of the gums,
Ac.  By some, it has  been considered to be the
catechu.
  LYCOIDES, Lyeo'dea,  from Xvkos,  'a wolf,'
and e<<5i$, 'form.'  Lttpo eim'ilie.  An epithet for
a speeies of cynanche, called, also, Lupue, and
Strangula'tor, and absurdly attributed  to exces-
sive retention of sperm in its reservoirs and itf
passage into the blood [?].—Galen.
  LYCOMANIA,' Lycanthropia.
  LYCOPE DE VIRGINIE, Lycopus Virgini-
cus.
  LYCOPER'DON,  from Xvkos,  'a wolf,' and
irtpiw, 'I break wind;' L. Bovie'ta seu  Arrhlzon
seu Globo'eum,  Bovie'ta, Crep'itue Lupi,  Fungus
Chirurgo'rum, Puff-ball,  Bull  Fiste, Mollipuffe,
(Prov.) Puff, (Sc.) Deil'saiiuffboT,(¥.) Veaaeloup.
Ord. Fungi.  The puff-ball dries into a very fine,
light brownish dust, which is sometimes used as a
mechanical styptic to arrest hemorrhage.
  "Lycoperdon Arrhizon, Lycoperdon—1. Cer-
vinum,  Elaphomyces granulatus — If Globosum,
Lycoperdon—1. Gulosorum, L. Tuber.
  Lycoperdon Pro'teus, Common puff-ball. The
fumes  of this substance have been found to pro-
duce anaesthetization an animals.
  Lycoper'don Tuber, L.  Guloso'rum,  Tuber
Agriocaa'tamtni seu  Ciba'rium seu  Guloeo'rum seu
Nigrum, Tu'bera  Terra, Truba,   Truffle, (pro-
nounced troofle,) (¥.) Truffe.   A fleshy, firm
body,  unknown in  its mode  of reproduction,
which  is found under ground, especially in  dif-
ferent  parts of France, Italy, Ac, and is much
esteemed as an aliment.  It seems to  belong to
the champignons, and has a particular perfume.
Aphrodisaic virtues have been ascribed to it.
  A Virginia truffle is called Tuckaho.
■ LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM, Solanum
lycopersicum — 1. Pomum amoris, Solanum lyco-
persicum—1. Tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum.
  LYCOPODE, Lycopodium.
  LYCOPO'DIUM, from Xvkos, ' a wolf,' and trovs,
iroSos, ' a foot.'  L. Clava'turn  seu  Officinale, Le-
pido'tia clava'ta, Cingula'ria, 3fuscus  clava'tua,
Club-mo88, Wolf'e-claio,  Witch-meal. '  Ord. Ly-
copodiaceae.  This is the largest of the European
mosses.  The dust,  which fills the capsules of its
spikes,  is very inflammable, and hence has been
called  Vegetable Sulphur; — and, also,  Farina
seu  Pulvie  seu Semen seu Sulphur Lycopo'dii,
(¥.) Lycopode, Soufire vSgStal. It is used in France
and in the United  States to roll pills and boluses
in; and in medicine is a desiccative, in the exco-
riation  to which infants are liable. It is collected
chiefly in Switzerland and Germany for commerce.
  Lycopodium Clavatum, Lycopodium.
  Lycopodium Complana'tum, Common Club-mom,
 Ground Pine;  indigenous; has the same  proper-
ties as Lyeoppdium selago.
  Lycopo'dium Officinale,  L.  clavatum'—L
Recurvum,  L. Selago.
  Lycopodium Sela'go, L. Recur'vum, Planan'-
thu8 fiaatiga'tus seu  sela'go,  Muacua erec'tua seu
 Cathar'ticua,  Sela'go,  Upright  Club-moa8,  Fir
 Club-moaa,  Upright  Fir-mo8e.  A decoction  of
this plant acts violently as an emetic and purga-
tive; and was formerly, on this account,  used as
an  abortive.  It is also employed  to kill vermin.
  LY'COPUS,  L.  Virgin'icue seu uniflo'rite seu
pu'mila, Buglewced, Water Bugle, Water Hore-
hound,  Gypay Weed, Paula Bet'ony, (¥.)  Lycopc
de  Virginie.  This  indigenous herb, Sex. S^st.
Diandria  Monogynia, Nat. Ord.  Lahiatae, grows
throughout the greater part of the United States.
The whole  herb is said to be slightly narcotic.
It is given in infusion, (Lycop. Jj;  aq. fervent. Oj.)
  Lycopus  Pumila, Lycopus.
  Lycopus  Sinua'tus, Water Horehound, Gypay
 Weed,  Paul'e  Bet'ony, indigenous,  has similar
properties.
  Lycopus  Uniflorus,  L. pumila — 1. Virgini-
cus, Lycopus. 
LYCOREXIS              558             LYMPHOPYRA
  LYCOREXIS, Fames lupina.
  LYCOSA TARENTULA, see Tarantula,
  LYCOSTOMA, Hyperoochasma.
  LYE, Lixivium, Ley — 1.  Dyspeptic, see Fuli-
gokali—1. Medioal, see Fuligokali— 1. Tea, Phy-
sick's, see Fuligokali.
  LYGISMUS, Luxation.
  LYGMODES, Singultus.
  LYGMUS, Singultus.
  LYGODES,  Singultus.
  LYING-IN  STATE, Parturient state.
  LYING-DOWN  STATE, Parturient state.
  LYMA, Lochia; from Xvw, 'to wash,' also, filth
or s ord es, (to be washed away.) Xvpa,   Lyme.
  LYME, Lyma.
  LYMPH,  Lympha, from wptpn, 'water,'  by
changing v into A.   White blood, Lympha Nu-
tril'ia.  A name given to the  fluid contained1 in
the  lymphltic  vessels and  thoracic duct of ani-
mals, which have been made to fast for 24 hours.
According to  Chevreul, the lymph of the dog
contains water, fibrin,  albumen,  common salt,
subcarbonate of soda,  phosphates  of  lime  and
magnesia, and carbonate of lime.  The properties
and  composition of lymph vary  somewhat ac-
cording to the part whence the lymphatic vessels
obtain it.  Generally, it is under  the form of a
transparent, slightly alkaline fluid, sometimes of
a madder-red or yellowish colour,—of a spermatic
odour, and saline  taste; soluble in water, — the
solution becoming turbid, when mixed with alco-
hol.  When left to itself, it coagulates.   The clot
or solid  portion becomes of a  scarlet red, if put
in contact with oxygen; and of a purple red, if
placed in carbonic acid.
  Like the blood, the lymph consists of a fluid—
Liquor lympha—in which lymph corpueclee or glo-
bulea are suspended.
  The lymph is probably the product of internal
absorption in different parts of the body : it then
flows along the lymphatic vessels, uniting with
the  chyle, and  is  poured with it into the veins;
thus becoming  one of the materials of the blood.
According to others, the blood, when it reaches
the  arterial radicles, is divided into two portions,
— the one red, which is carried to the heart, —
the  other serous or white, which is absorbed by
the  lymphatic vessels, and constitutes the lymph.
By others, again, the lymphatics are considered
to be the vessels  of return for  the white blood
sent to  certain tissues.  White  blood,  however,
has  probably no existence.
  The word lymph is sometimes used unhappily
by the surgeon to signify liquor sanguinis.
  Lymph, Coagulable, Fibrin, Liquor sanguinis.
  Lymph Corpuscles, see Lymph — 1. Globules,
gee  Lymph—1. Hearts, Lymphatic  hearts.
  Lymph, Plastic, Liquor sanguinis.
  LYMPHA, Lymph—1. Arborum, see Sap — 1.
Muculenta narium, Nasal mucus — 1. Nutritia,
Lymph—1. Pancreatis, see Pancreas—1. Pericar-
dii,  see Pericardium—1. Plastica, Fibrin.
  LYMPHADENI'TIS: from lymph, and adeni-
t'i8,  'inflammation of  a  gland.'   Inflamma'tio
glandula'rum lymphatica' rum, Adeni'tie lympha}'-
ica, (F.) AdSnite lymphatique.  Inflammation of
a lymphatic gland or ganglion.
  LYMPH.EDUCTUS, Lymphatic vessels.
  LYMPHANGEITIS, Angeioleucitis.
  LYMPHANGIA. Lymphatic vessels.
  LYMPHANGIEC'T A SIS,  Lympheurye'ma ;
from lymph, ayytiov, 'a vessel,'and teraats, 'dila-
tation.'  Dilatation of lymphatic vessels.
  LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY,  Lymphangiogra-
ph'ia; from lymph, ayytiov, 'a vessel,' and ypaipn,
' a description.'  A description of  the lymphatic
V6SStJi9«
  LYMPHANGIOITIS, Angeioleucitis.
  LYMPHANGIOL'OGY,  from  Lymphangion,
'a  lymphatic,'  and  Xoyos, 'a  description.'  A
treatise on the lymphatics.
  LYMPHANGIOT'OMY, Lymphangiotom'ia ;
from lymph, ayytiov,' a vessel,'  and ropn, ' inci-
sion.'  The anatomy or  dissection of the lym-
phatic vessels.
  LYMPHANGITIS, Angeioleucitis.
  LYMPH ANGON'CUS,   Lymphon'cue ;  from
lymph, ayytiov, 'a vessel,' and oyxos, 'a tumour.'
Tumefaction of the lymphatics.
  LYMPHAT'IC,  Lymphalicue.   That  which
relates to lymph; also, abounding in lymph.  See
Phlegmatic.
  Lymphatic Hearts, Lymph Hearte.   The frog
and several other animals are provided with large
receptacles for the lymph immediately underneath
the skin, which  exhibit distinct and regular pul-
sations like the  sanguiferous heart  Their use
appears to be—to propel the lymph.
  Lymphatic System is  that particular system
of organs which is inservient to the formation and
circulation of lymph.  These organs are:
  1. Lymphatic  Ganglions  or  Glands, see
Conglobate.
  2. Lymphatic Vessels, Lymphaduc'tna, Lym-
phangi'a, Lymphange'a, Vena lymphalica, Ductus
aero'ei, Vasa lymphatica  seu reeorben'tia seu hy-
drago'ga, Hydrangi'a. These are very numerous.
Arising at the surface of membranes and  in the
tissue  of the organs, they carry into the veins tha
lymph from those parts.   Lymphatic vessels are
found  in every part of the body.   Wherever they
are met with, however, they form  two orders, —
one euperficial, the other deep-eeated ; —the two
orders frequently communicating with each other.
Lymphatic  vessels  are  generally smaller than
arteries and veins.   They are very thin, diapha-
nous,  and  cylindrical;  but present, here  and
there, more  or less considerable  dilatations,
caused by  valves  in their interior. They are
slightly tortuous in  their course;  their anasto-
moses are very numerous, and  they often cross
each other, forming successive plexuses.   Of the
arrangement of the extreme radicles we are igno-
rant.  All the branches, before joining the prin-
cipal trunks, pass through lymphatic ganglions,
in which they are convoluted, or subdivided almost
ad infinitum.  They are  formed  of an outer are-
olar membrane  and an internal coat, similar  to
that of the veins; of the latter, the valves are
formed.   All  the lymphatics  of the body ulti-
mately discharge themselves at the junction of
the subclavian and internal jugular veins.  Two
of these trunks are considerably larger than the
others, — the thoracic duct, and  the great trunk
of the right side, (F.) La grande veine lympha-
tique droite.  The former receives the lymphatics
of the abdomen, of the lower extremities, the left
side of the thorax, the left upper extremity, and
the corresponding  side of the  head and neck;
the latter receives  those  of the right upper ex-
tremity, and of the  right side of the head, neck
and thorax.
  LYMPUATITIS, Angeioleucitis.
  LYMPHE COAGULABLE, Liquor  sangui-
nis — I. de Cotugno, Cotunnius,  liquor  of— I,
Plaetique, Liquor sanguinis.
  LYMPHEURYSMA, Lymphangiectasis.
  LYMPHITIS, Angeioleucitis.
  LYMPHIZA'TION.   A term used by Profes-
sor Gross to signify effusion of coagulable lymph.
It is not a happy word, inasmuch  as lymph has
another meaning, whilst  the term  'coagulable
lymph' is now almost abandoned.
  LYMPHOCHE'ZIA, from lymph, and Xvt,w,  'I
go to stool.'  Serous diarrhoea.
  LYMPHONCUS, Lymphangoncus — 1.  Iridis,
Iridauxesis.
  LYMPHOPYRA, Fever, adeno-moningeaL 
LYMPHORRHAGIA           559              MACHAON
  LYMPHORRHAG"IA, from lymph, and  1
pnywpt, ' I break  forth.'  Discharge  of lymph
from a lymphatic vessel, owing  to a lesion of its
coats.
  LYMPHOSIS.  The preparation or  elabora-
tion of lymph.
  LYMPHOT'OMY, from lympha, ' lymph,' and
rtpvw, ' I cut.'  Dissection of the lymphatics.
  LYNCHS EMBROCA'TION.  An emollient
nostrum, formed of olive oil impregnated with
bergamot and other essences, and  coloured with
alkanet root.
  LYNGODES, Singultous—1. Febris, Fever,
singultous.
  LYNGYODES,  Singultous.
  LYNN WAHOO, Ulmus alata.
  LYNX, Singultus.
  LYPE, Athymia.
  LYPEMANIA, Melancholy.
  LYPE'RIA  CRO'CEA.  A South  African
 plant, Nat.  Ord. Scrophulariaceoe, the flowers of
 which closely resemble saffron in smell and taste,
 and possess similar medical virtues.
   LYPEROPHRENIE, Melancholy.
   LYPOMA, Lipoma.
   LYPOTHYM'IA, from Xvirn,'sadness,' and
 Svpos, 'the  mind.'  Very  great sadness  or de-
 spondency.
   LYRA, Xvpa, ' the lyre.'  Pealter, Pealte'rium,
 Corpue PaalloVdee, Lyra Da'vidie, Lam'ina me-
 dulla'rie triangula'ria cer'ebri, Spa'tium trigo'-
 num.  The under  surface of the posterior part of
 the body of the fornix is impressed with nume-
 rous transverse  and oblique lines, which have
 been so called  from some resemblance they bear
 to  the ancient  lyre.
   LYRINGIUM, Eryngium campestre.
 . LYSIA, Lysis.
   LYSIMA'CHIA NUMMULA'RIA, L. nem'o-
 rum, Nummula'ria, Hirundina'ria, Centimor'bia,
 Creeping Loose Strife, Money  Wort, (¥.) Herbe
 aux  Sens.   Ord.  Primulaceae.   This plant was
 formerly accounted vulnerary.   It  has been con-
 sidered to possess  antiscorbutic and astringent
 qualities, and has been used in leucorrhoea.
   Lysimachia Purpurea, Lythrum salicaria.
   Lysima'chia Quadrifo'lia, Four-Leaved Loose
 Strife, Croeewort,  an indigenous plant,  is astrin-
 gent ; and has been used as a  stomachic and an-
 tiperiodic.
  LYSIS, Lysia,  Xvais,  from Xvw, 'I dissolve.'
Solution.  A common  suffix; also, a name givew
to solutions or terminations of disease, which ar*
operated insensibly; that is, gradually and with-
out critical symptoms.
  LYSSA, Hydrophobia — 1. Canina, Hydropho
bia.
  LYSSAS, Maniodes.
  LYSSETER, Maniodes.
  LYSSODEC'TUS, from Avaea,  'canine  mad.
ness,' and dr/Kw, or Saxvw,  'I  bite.'  Hydroph'.
obits ; Cane rab'ido morsus.  One who has  been
bitten by a mad dog, or is actually labouring
under hydrophobia.
  LYSSODEG'MA, Lyssodeg'mus, Lyeeodex'ie,
same etymon.  Tbe bite of  a mad dog.
  LYSSODEXIS, Lyssodegma.
  LYTE'RIOS, Xvrnpios, (from Xvw,' I dissolve,')
'solving.'  An epithet given to those signs which
announce the solution of a very violent disease.
   LYTHRUM  ALATUM, see  Lythrum salicaria
—1. Hyssopifolia, Lythrum  salicaria.
   Lythrum Salica'ria, from Xvdpov, 'blood, and
dust,' on account of the colour of the flowers  of
some species, Lysima'chia  purpu'rea, Salica'ria
 vulga'ris seu spica'ta ; — the Common or Purple
  Willow Herb.  Ord. Lythraceae.  The herb, root,
and flowers possess a considerable degree of as-
 tringency, and are used, occasionally, in the cure
 of  diarrhoea and  dysentery, leucorrhaea, haemop-
 tysis, Ac.
   Lythrum  Hyssopifo'lia,  and  L. Ala'tum;
 indigenous, have similar properties.
   LYTTA C^ERULEA, see Cantharis —1. Gigas
 mas, see Cantharis—1. Ruficeps, see Cantharis.
   Lytta Ru'fipes.  Class, Insecta; Ord.  Cole-
 optera.  A variety of Lytta,  peculiar to  Chili,
 which is more active as a vesicant than the can-
 tharis,  or the Lytta Vittata.
   Lytta Segetum, see Cantharis—1. Vesicatoria,
 Cantharis.
   Lytta Vitta'ta,  Oan'tharie  vittata, Pota'to
 Fly, (¥.)  Cantharide tachetSe. Four species of
 meloe  that  blister,  are found  in  the  United
 States.   The lytta vittata feeds principally upon
 the potato plant, and, at the proper, season of the
 year, may be collected in immense numbers. The
 potato fly resembles the cantharides in every pro-
 perty, and is fully equal to them.
M.
  M.   This  letter signifies, in prescriptions, ma-
nipulus, 'a  handful.'   Also, miece, 'mix.'  See
Abbreviation.
  MACAPATLI, Smilax sarsaparilla.
  MACARO'NI.  An alimentary paste, moulded
of a cylindrical shape, and formed of rice  or
wheaten  flour.   It is  eaten — when boiled — in
soup; prepared  with cheese, Ac.   See Turandae
Italicae.
  Also, a name formerly given to a pulverulent
compound of sugar and glass of antimony, car-
ried into France by the Italian  monks, and em-
ployed at the hospital La CharitS in the treat-
ment of painters' colic
  MACARONS, Biscuits, medicinal.
  MACE, see Myristica inoschata —• m. Reed,
Typha latifolia
  MACEDONISIUM, Smyrnium olusatrum.
  MACER, Gracilis.
  MACERA'TION, Macera'tio, from macerare,
maceratum, 'to soften  by water.'  An operation
which consists in infusing, usually without heat,
a solid substance in a liquid, so as to extract its
virtues.
  MACERONA,  Smyrnium olusatrum.
  MACES, see Myristica moschata.
  MACESCERE, Emaciate.
  MACH^ERA, Culter, Knife, Penis.
  MACHiERIDION, Machaerion.
  MACHJS'RION, Macha'riue, Macharid'ion,
Gladi'olue,  from paxaipa, 'a sword,'  pa%n, 'a
fight.'  A knife.   An  amputating knife. • Rufus
of Ephesus asserts, that the Aruspices gave this
name to a part of the liver of animals.
  MACH.ERIS,  Knife, Novacula.
  MACHA'ON, from /uryaw, 'I desire to fight'
The  son  of .flSsculapius, and a  celebrated phy-
sician. 
MACHAONIA             560               MADESIS
  MACTIAO'NIA  seu  MACHAON'ICA  ARS.
Medicine.   Tbe  Healing  Art: — so  called after
Machaon, the son of ^Esculapius.
  MACHI'NAL, Mechan'icue.   This epithet  is
added especially by French writers  to the word
movement, to express that the will takes no part
in it.
  MACHINE',  Mach'ina,   Machinamen'tum,
Mech'ane,  Mechane'ma.  A more  or less  com-
pound instrument or arrangement for putting a
body  in motion, or for  producing  any  action
whatever.    Physiologists  sometimes use  it  for
the animal  body ; — as the machine or animal
machine.
  MACHLOSYNE, Nymphomania.
  MACHOIRE, Maxillary bone — m. Diacrani-
enne,  Maxillary bone, lower — m. Syncranienne,
Maxillary bone, superior.
  MACIES, Atrophy, Emaciation—m. Infantum,
Tabes mesenterica.
  MACILENTUS, Gracilis.
  MACIS, see Myristica moschata.
  MACRAU'CHEN, from macros,  and  avxw,
'the neck.'  Longo collo pra'ditus.  One who has
a. long neck.—Galen.
  MACRE  FLOTTANTE, Trapa natans.
  MACRITUDO, Emaciation.
  MACROBIOSIS, Longevity.
  MACROBIOTES, Longevity.
  MACROBIOT'IC, Macr obi ol icus, Macrobi'o-
tus, Mrtcro'biue, Longa'vue, from macroe, and jiios,
'life.'   That which lives  a  long  time.   The
macrobiotic  art, Macrobiot'ice,(¥.) Macrobiotique,
is the art of living a long time.
  MACROBIOTUS, Macriobiotic
   MACROBIUS, Macrobiotic.
   MACROCEPHALIA, see Capitones.
   MACROCEPH'ALUS,  Makroceph'alue,  (¥.)
Macrocephale ; from macroe, and KtipaXn, 'head.'
 Qui magnum habet caput   ' One who has a large
head.'  This epithet  is  given  to children born
with heads  so large that they seem  to be  hydro-
cephalic ;  but in which the unusual  development
is owing to  a large size of the  brain.   Such  are
supposed  to be  more than ordinarily  liable  to
convulsions. [?]   The term has  also  been applied
 by Hippocrates  to certain Asiatics who had long
heads.  See Capitones.
   MACROCHI'RIA,  from macroe,  and x«p,
 'hand.'  Monstrosity, characterized  by  excessive
 development of  tbe hands.
   MACROCO'LIA, from  macroe, and  kwXov,  'a
limb.'  Great length of limbs in general,  and of
the lower limbs in particular.
   MACROCOSM, Macrocoam'ue, from macroe,
 and Koepos,  ' world.'  The universe,  in contradis-
 tinction to Microcoem, which means  man.
   MACRODAC'TYLUS, from macros, and <Wu-
 Xos, 'a finger.'   Having long  fingers.
   MACROGASTER PLATYPUS,  Acarus folli-
 culoruua.
   MACROGLOSSA, see  Macroglossus.
   MACROGLOSSUS, from macros, and yXwcaa,
 ' tongue.' One who has a very large or  prolapsed
 tongue.  See Paraglossa.
   MACROMEL'IA,  from macros, and  ptXos,
 'limb.'  Monstrosity, which  consists in the ex-
 cessive size of some limb.
   MACRONOSIjE, Chronic diseases.
   MACROPHAL'LUS, from macros, and ipaXXos,
 'the male  organ.'  A  large  size   of  the male
 Organ.
   MACROPHO'NUS, from  macros, and <pu>vn,
 'voice.'  One who has a  strong voice.
   MACROPHTHAL'MUS,   from   macros,  and
 otpSaXpos, ' eye.'  Having large eyes. •
   MACROPHYSOCEPH'ALUS, from macros,
 tpvea, 'air,'  and  KtipaXn, ' head.' A word used by
 Ambrose Pari  to designate an augmentation of
the head of the fcetus, produced by a sort of em-
phv.-euia [?], which retards delivery.
  MACROPIPER, Piper longum.
  MACROPNGS'A,  from macroe,  and  irvtw, ']
breathe.'   A long and deep respiration.
  MACROP'NUS, Maerop'node.  Same etymon.
Long breathed.  One who breathes slowly: — a
word met with in some authors.—Hippocrates.
  MACROP'ODUS, Mac'ropue, Megal'opus, from
macro8, and irons, iro&os,  ' foot'  One who has a
large foot.
  MACROPROSO'PIA,  from  macroe, and irpoaw-
irov, ' face.'  Monstrosity, characterized by exces-
sive size of face.
  MACROR, Emaciation.
  MACROR'RHIS, from macroe, and pis, or ptv,
'nose.'  One who has a  long nose.
  MACROS, iiaKpo's, 'great'   Long.
  MACROS'CELES, Crura longa habene; from
macroe, and ckiXos, ' the  leg.'  One who has long
legs.
  MACROSLdE,  Chronic diseases.
  MACROSOMATIA, see Giant.
  MACROSOMIA, see Giant.
  MACRO'TES, from macroe, and ot>s, uroy, 'an
ear.'  One who has long ears.
  MACROTRYS RACEMOSA, see Actaea race-
mosa.
  MACULA. A spot.   Dyachrae'a, Celie, Labee,
(¥.)  Tache.   A permanent discoloration of some
portion of the skin,  often with a change of its
texture.  Ephelie, Navua, Spilua,  Ac, belong  to
Maculae.
  Macula, Molecule — m.  Aurea,  see  Foramen
centrale retinae—ra. Corneae, Caligo—m. Corneae
arcuata, Gerotoxon — m. Corneae  margaritacea,
Paralampsis — m. Cribrosa, see Auditory canal,
internal — m. Emortualis, see Suggillation — m,
Flava, see Foramen centrale retinae—m. Fusca,
Ephelides — m. Germinativa,  see Molecule—m.
Hepatica,  Chloasma materna, Naevus—m. Lenti-
cularis, Ephelides—m.  Lutea retinae,  see Fora-
men centrale—m. Matricalis.  Naevus—m. Matri-
cis, Naevus—m. Nigra, see Optic nerve—m. Solaris,
Ephelides.
  MACULE ALB.E, M. Lac'tea, In'sula, Milk-
spots.  White spots, seen on serous membranes,
especially on that investing the heart, and which
appear to  be  the result of previous inflammatory
action.
   Macule Ante Oculos Volitantes, Metamor-
phopsia—m.  Lacteae, M. Albae.
   MACULOSUS, SablS.
   MAD, Insane—m. Doctor, see Psychiatrlfc. *
   MADAR, Mudar.
   MADAROSIS, from paSapos, 'bald.'  Madaro'-
ma,  Made'eie, Madar'otee, Made'ma.  Mad'ieie,
Depluma'tio, Milpha, Milpho'sie, Ptilo'ais, Cal-
vltiea.  Loss, of the hair, particularly of the eye-
lashes.
   MADAROTES,  Madarosis.
   MADDER, DYERS', Rubia.
   MADEIRA, CLIMATE  OF.   This  island  is
much frequented by pulmonary invalids, on ac-
count of the mildness  and equability of its cli-
mate. Owing,  indeed,  to  the  mildness of the
 winter, and the coolness of the summer, together
 with the remarkable equality of the temperature
 during day and  night, as well as throughout the
year, it has been considered that  the climate of
 Madeira is the finest in  the northern hemisphere.
 Sir  James Clark is  of  opinion that there is  no
 place on the continent of Europe, with which he
 is acquainted, where the pulmonary invalid could
 reside with so much advantage, during the whole
year, as in Madeira.
   MADELEON, Bdellium.
   MADEMA, Madarosis.
   MADESIS, Depilation, Madarosis. 
MADISIS               561               MAGNESIA
  MADTSIS, Depilation, Madarosis.            I
  MADISON  SPRINGS, see Georgia, Mineral
waters of.
  MADISTE'RIUM, ua&iarnptov, Trichola'bium,
Trichol'abie,  Vohel'la.   Tweezers.  An instru-
ment for extracting hairs.
  MADJOUND, Madjoun. A mixture of powdered
hemp and honey, used as a narcotic agent, like
tobacco, by the Algerines.
  MADNESS,   CANINE, Hydrophobia — m.
Raving or furious, Mania.
  MADOR, Moisture.  A cold sweat.
  MADORIUS, Mudar.
  MADREPORA OCULATA, see Coral.
  MADWEED, Scutellaria lateriflora.
  M.EA, Midwife.
  M.EEIA, Obstetrics.
  M.EEUMA, see*Parturition.
  M^EIA, Obstetrics.
  MAESA PICTA, Saoria.
  M.EUSIS, Parturition.
  M^UTRIA, Midwife.
  MAGDA'LIA, Magda'leon, Magda'lie. ' Crumb
of  bread.'  Any medicine,  as a pill,  formed of
crumb of bread.   A roll of plaster.
  MAGEIRICE, Culinary art
  MAGGOT PIMPLE, see Acne.
  MAGIS, payts, 'a cake.'  A sort of cake, com-
posed of cloves,  garlic and cheese, beaten to-
gether.-\Hippocrates.
  MAGISTERIUM, Magistery —m. Bismuthi,
Bismuth,  subnitrate of—m. Jalapae, Resin of
Jalap — m. Marcasitae,  Bismuth, subnitrate of—
m.  Plumbi, Plumbi subcarbonas — m. Sulphuris,
Sulphur'  lotum — m. Tartari purgans, Potassae
acetas.
  MAG"ISTERY, Magiete'rium, from magieter,
'a  muster.' Certain precipitates from saline so-
lution* were formerly so called; as well as other
medicines, the preparation of  which was kept
secret.
  Magistery of Bismuth, Bismuth, subnitrate
of.
  MAG"ISTRAL, Magietra'lie.  Same etymon.
Extempora'neoue.   A prescription is so called —
Form'ula magiatra'lie seu extempora'nea—which
is prepared extemporaneously;  an  officinal pre-
scription— Form'ula officina'lie — being such as
has been prepared for some time before it is pre-
scribed.
  MAGISTRANTIA, Imperatoria.
  MAGMA, paypa,  (¥.) Marc.  The  thick resi-
duum,  obtained   after expressing certain sub-
stances to extract the fluid parts from  them.  The
grounds which remain  after treating a substance
with water,  alcohol, or any other menstruum.
Also, a salve of a certain consistence.
  Magma or  Marc of Olives is  the residuum
after the greatest possible quantity of oil has been
sxtracted from olives  by making them ferment.
It was  formerly employed as a stimulant, under
the form of a bath—to which the name Bain de
Marc was given by the French.
  Magma or Marc of  Grapes,  Bry'tia,  was
once employed for the same purposes.
  MAGMA RETICULE, 'reticulated magma.'
The  gelatiniform  substance found  between the
chorion and amnion in the early period  of em-
bryonic existence.
  MAGNES,  Magnet.
  Magn-es Arsenica'lis.   (Sulphur, white arse-
nic, and  common  antimony, of each equal parts.
Mix  by fusion.)  It is  corrosive.  See Magnetic
plaster.
  Magnes Epilepsia, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
rubrum.
  MAGNESIA,  Abarnahas,  Chambar,   Terra
ama'ra, Magnesia terra, Tale earth; from mag-
nee, 'the magnet.'  An alkaline earth whose  me-
       36
tallie  base is  magnesium.  The term Magnesia
was employed, of old,  for any substance that
seemed  to  have the power  of attracting some
principle from  the air.  At present it is restricted
to>—
  Magnesia, M.  usta  seu calcina'ta.  Calcined
Magnesia,  Oxide of magne'eium, (¥.)  MagnSsit
brulSe, MagnSeie, 31. Caustique.  This is obtained
by exposing carbonate of magnesia to a strong
heat.  It is inodorous;  taste very slightly bitter;
in the form of a white, light, spongy, soft powder.
S. g. 2-3 ; requiring 2000 times its weight of water
for its solution.  It is antacid, and laxative when
it meets with  acid in the stomach.   Dose, gr. x
to Jj in water or milk.
   Henry'e, Hueband'e, and Ellie'e Magneeia, are
dense forms of this preparation.
   Magnesia,  Acetate  of, Magnesiae acetas —
m. Aerata, Magnesiae carbonas—m. Alba, M. car-
bonas— m. Calcinata,  M. usta —m. Citrate  of,
Magnesiae  citras—m. Dinneford's, see  Magnesia,
fluid—m.  Edinburgensis, M. carbonas.
   Magnesia,  Effervescing,  Moxon's.   (Mag-
nee, carb.; M. aulphat.;  Soda  bicarbon., Acid
tartaric, aa partes  aequales;  to be  pulverized,
well dried, mixed, and enclosed in bottles herme-
tically sealed.)  Dose, a teaspoonful  in  half a
tumbler of water, drunk in a state of effervescence.
   Magnesia, Ellis's, see Magnesia.
   Magnesia, Fluid.   Under this name a prepa-
ration is designated, which consists of a solution
of carbonate  of magnesia in carbonated  water.
It is also termed  carbonated magneaia water, ae-
rated magnesia water, and condensed  solution  ofi
magnesia,  (¥.) Eau magnSsienne.   Dinneford's
Magneaia is a  solution of this kind.
   Magnesia, Henry's, Magnesia—m.Husband's,
see Magnesia—m. Mitis, Magnesiae carbonas—m.
Muriate of, Magnesii chloridum—m. Nigra, Man-
ganese, black  oxide of.
   Magnesia Opali'na.   A name given  by Lf-
m6ry to a mixture of equal parts of  antimony,
nitrate of potaeaa, and chloride of sodium, (decre-
pitated.)   It has  emetic  properties, but  is not
used.
   Magnesia  Salis Amari, Magnesiae carbonas
—m. Salis Ebsdamensis, Magnesiae carbonas—m.
Saturni, Antimonium—m. Solution of, conden.-ed,
M. fluid — m.  Subcarbonate of, Magnesiae  carbo-
nas— m.  Subcarbonate of, hydrated, Magnesiae
carbonas — m. Terra, Magnesia—m. Vitriolata,
Magnesiae sulphas—m. and Soda, sulphate of, see
Soda, sulphate of—m. Usta, Magnesia.
   Magne'sIjE Ace'tas,  Ac"etate of Magne'aia.
This salt is prepared by saturating carbonate of
magneaia with acetic acid. It is of tyrupy con-
sistence, and about four ounces is a dose.  It acta
like citrate of magnesia.
   Magnesia Car'bonas seu Snbcar'bonas, Mag-
nesia (Dublin), 31.  aera'ta seu carbotlica seu
alba, 31. Sitbcarbon'ica seu Mitis seu  Edinburg-
en'sis seu Salis Ebsdamen'eis seu Salis  ama'ri,
 Car'bonas magne'eicum, Lac terra, Hypocar'bonaa
magne'aia. Terra  amara  aera'ta sen absor'hene
minera'lie seu talco'sa oxyanthraco'des, Subcar'-
bonate of 3Iagneeia, Hy'drated Subcar'bonate of
3Iagnesia, (¥.)  Soua-carbonate ou carbonate de
MagnSeie,  3IagnSaie aSrSe ou blanche  ou crayeuse
ou douce ou efferveecente ou moyenue ou Anglaise,
 Craie ou Terre magnSsienne, Lait, de Terre.  Pa-
naeSe Anglaise, Poudre de Sentinelli ou de Valen-
tini ou du  Comte de Palme ou de Zwinger.  Pre-
pared from sulphate of magnesia by subcarbonate
of potassa. It is inodorous ; insipid : light; white .
spongy ; opake;  effervescing with  acids : inso
luble in water.  Properties the same as the last;
but the carbonic  acid, when set free, sometimes
causes unpleasant distension.
   Magnesia  Citras, Citrate of Magneeia, (F.) 
MAGNES1AN  LEMONADE     56
 Citrate de 3IagnSsie. A saline preparation, formed ]
 by saturating a solution of citric acid with  either
 magneeia or its carbonate.  Dose, an ounce.  It
 is devoid of the bitter taste of the magnesian
 salts.                                      .
   A solution in water, or in mineral water, sweet-
 ened with syrup, and acidulated with citric acid,
 makes an agreeable  purgative.  A  simple solu-
 tion in water has been called magnesian lemonade.
 In the effervescing state, it  is the "effervescing
 imiaiiesian lemonade.  The Pharmacopoeia  of (he
 Vi ited States (1851) has a form for the Liquor
 Magnesiae Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate ofi Mag-
 nesia.   Take of  Carbonate ofi magnesia, Jv: ci-
 tric  acid,  Jviiss;  Syrup of citric acid,  fjij;
 Water, a sufficient quantity.   Dissolve  the citric
 acid in f Jiv of water, and add Jiv of the carbo-
 nate of magnesia, previously rubbed with  f Jiij
 of water.  When the reaction has ceased, filter
 into a strong f Jxij glass bottle, into which the
 syrup  of citric  acid  has  been previously  intro-
 duced.   Rub the remaining carbonate of magne-
 ts with f Jij of water, and pour the mixture into
 the bottle, which must be well corked, and secured
 with twine; and shake the mixture occasionally
 until it becomes transparent.  As a cathartic the
 whole  of this may be taken.
   Magnesiae Hypocarbonas, M. carbonas — m.
 Su'icarbonas, M. carbonas—m. Vitriolicum, Mag-
 nate sulphas.
   Magnesij? Sulphas, Sulphas 3tagneeia puri-
 fica'ta,  3Iugneaia  vitriola'ta, Sal  cathar'ticue
 ama'rus  seu catharticum  amarum  seu  ama'rum
 seu Anglica'num seu Epeomen'eie seu catharticua
 Anglica'tiua seu Sedlicen'aia seu Ebadamen'se seu
 Seydechutzen'ee. Terra ama'ra eulphu'rica,  Vitri-
 olicum Magne'eia,  Sulphate ofi 3lagneaia, Epsom
 Sa't,  Bitter purging  Salt, (¥.)  Sulfate de mag-
 nSsie, Sel admirable de LSmSry, Sel d'Egra.  Gene-
 rally obtained from sea-water.  Its taste is  bitter
 and  disagreeable.   It  is soluble  in  an  equal
 quantity of water at 60°.  It is purgative and
 diuretic  Dose, as a cathartic, Jss to Jij.
   MAGNESIAN LEMON AD E,'Magnesiae
 citras.     _,       _,
   3IAGNESIE AEREE, Magnesiae carbonas—
 —m. Anglaise, Magnesiae  carbonas—m. Blanche,
 Magnesiae carbonas—m. BrulSe, Magnesia usta—
 m. Carbonate de, Magnesiae carbonas — m.  Caus-
 tique, Magnesia  usta — m. Citrate  de, Magnesiae
 citras — m.  Crayeuse, Magnesiae carbonas — m.
 Douce,  Magnesiae  carbonas — m. Effervescente,
 Magnesiae carbonas—m. Moyenne, Magnesiae car-
 bonas—m. Souacarbonate de, Magnesiae  carbonas
 —m. Sulfate de, Magnesiae sulphas.
   MAGNE'SII   CHLO'RIDUM,   Chloride  ofi
 3Iagne'eium, Jlu'riate ofi 3Iagneeia.  This  bitter
 leliquescent salt has been given as a mild and
 effective cholagogu? cathartic, in the dose of half
 an ounce to the adult.   Being deliquescent, it
 may be kept dissolved in its weight of water.
   MAGNESIUM, see Magnesia—m. Chloride of,
 Magnesii chloridum — m. Oxide  of,  Magnesia
 usta.
   MAGNET, 3Iagnee, Magne'tee, Ferrum magnee
 attracto'rium, Sideri'tee,  Sideri'tie, Lapie  hera-
 cle'ue seu Syderltie seu  nau'ticue,  3Iagnltie, so
 called from Magnes, its discoverer, or from  Mag-
 nesia, where it is said to  have been first found.
 (F.) Aimant, Pierre  d'Aimant.  The magnet or
 loadstone   An  amorphous, oxydulated ore of
 iron, which exerts an attraction on unmagnetized
 iron, and has the property of exhibiting poles;
 that, is, of pointing by .one of its extremities to
 the north.   This ore, by  constant or long rub-
 bing, communicates  its  properties to iron; and
 thus artificial magnets  are  formed.  Magnetic I
 •j-e is found  in many countries, and particularly |
,n  the island of Elba.  The magnet is sometimes i
MAGNOLIA GLAUCA
 used to extract spicula of iron from the eye or
 from wounds.  It has been employed as an anti-
 spasmodic; but acts only through  the  imagina-
 tion.  The powder has been given as a tonic.  In
 Pharmacy, it is  used to purify iron filings.  It
 attracts the iron, and the impurities remain be-
 hind.  It formerly entered, as an ingredient, into
 several plasters, to  draw bullets and  heads  of
 arrows from  the body — as the Emplaetrum divi-
 num Nicolai, the Emplaatrum nigrum  of  Augs-
 burg, the Opodeldoch, and Attractivum of Para-
 celsus, Ac.
   MAGNETES, Magnet.
   MAGNET'IC, 3fagnet'icns,  (¥.)  MagnStique.
 Same etymon.   That which belongs or  relates to
 magnetism ;—mineral or animal.
   Magnetic  Fluid.  A name given to the im-
 ponderable fluid to which tBe magnet owes  its
 virtues.  By analogy it is applied to a particular
 principle, supposed to be the source of organio
 actions,  which affects, it is conceived, the ner-
 vous system principally, and  is susceptible  of
 being  transmitted from  one living  body to an-
 other,  by contact or simple approximation, and
 especially under the  influence of fixed volition.
 See  Magnetism, Animal.
   Magnetic  Plaster.   A  plaster,  at  present,
 not  used.  It has for its base a mixture,  called
 3fagnes arsenica'lie;  formed  of  equal  parts  of
 antimony, sulphur and arsenic melted together in
 a  glass cucurbit.  The  name  Magnetic plaater
 was, likewise, given to such as  contained pow-
 dered magnet.
   MAGNET IN US, Potassae supertartras im-
 purus.
   MAG'NETISM, AN'IMAL, Mea'meriam,Path'-
 etiem, Neuroga'mia, Bioga'mia, Biomagnetis'mus,
 Zobmagnetis'mua, Exon'curiam (proposed by Mr.
 n. Mayo), Telluria'mue,  Anthropomagnetia1 mua,
 Gar'g'ale, Gargalis'mua,  Gar'galus.   Properties
 attributed to the influence of a particular prin-
 ciple, which  has been  compared to  that which
 characterizes the magnet.   It is  supposed  to  be
 transmitted from one person to another, and  to
 impress peculiar modifications on organic action,
 especially on that of the nerves.   The discus-
 sions, to which this strange belief has given rise,
 are by no means terminated.   There is no" evi-
 dence whatever of the existence  of such a fluid.
 Highly impressible persons can be thrown  into a
 kind of hysteric or 'magnetic' sleep and  somnam-
 bulism, (designated  by  Mr. Braid,  hyp'notiem,
 neuro-hyp'notiem, and nervoue eleep); but farther
 than this,  the  efforts of the magnetizer cannot
 reach.  It is  a mode  of action upon thai nerves
 through the medium of  the senses.
   MAGNETIZATION, Mesraerization.
   MAGNETIZED, Mesmerized.
   MAGNETIZER, Mesmerizer.
   MAGNITIS, Magnet.
   MAGNITUDO CORPORIS, Stature—m. Gi-
 gantea, see Giant.
   MAGNOC, Jatropha manihot;
   MAGNOLIA  FRAGRANS, M. glauca.
   Magno'lia Glauca,  3IagnoHa,  31. firagrane,
 Small  3Iagnolia, Swamp Sae'eafirae,  Elk  Bark,
 Indian Bark, White Laurel, Sweet Bay, Beaver
 Wood, Beaver  Tree,  White Bay,  Cinchona  of
 Virginia, Caetor Bay, Sweet or Laurel magnolia,
 (¥.) Magnolier  glauque.   Ord.  Magnoliaceae.
 The bark is possessed of tonic properties, resem-
 bling those of ca.scarilla, canella,  Ac.  The same
 may be said of the 3Iagnolia tripet'ala  seu Um-
 brella, Umbrella  tree;  the 31.  acuminata  or
 Cu'cumber tree, the 31. grandijlo'ra  and M. ma-
crophylla, Laurel, Elk wood, Si/rerleafi,  Big leaf,
 White Bay,  Beaver  Tree, Elc  bark, Big bloom.
  Magnolia (Ph. U. S.), is the bark of 3Iagnolia
glauca, 31.  acumina'ta, and M. tripet'ala. 
MAGNOLIER  GLAUQUE     563      MALADIES ACQUISES
  M AG NO L TER GLAUQUE, Magnolia glauea.
  MAGNUM DEI DOXUM, Cinchona.
  Magnum Os.  The third bone of the lower row
 of the carpus, reckoning from the  thumb.  It is
 the largest bone of the carpus; and is, also, called
 Oa  capita'turn; (¥.) Grand Oa.
  MAGRUMS.  A popular name in  the State of
 New  York  for  a  singular convulsive affection,
 which resembles chorea.  It rarely, however, oc-
  urs before the adult age; never ceases sponta-
  eously, and, when fully developed, is devoid of
 any paroxysmal character.
  MAGUEY, Agave Americana.
  MAHMOUDY, Convolvulus scammonia.
  3IAHOGAN  FEBRIFUGE, Swietenia febri-
 fuga.
  MAHOGANY, Gynocladus Canadensis.  Also,
 a drink in use among the .Cornish fishermen of
 England, which is made of two parts gin and one
 part treacle,  well beaten together.  An analogous
 drink — a mixture of  whisky and  honey, (see
 Mead, under Hydromel,) is known in the High-
 lands of Scotland by the name Athol porridge.
   Mahogany Mountain, Betula lenta—m. Tree,
 Swietenia mahogani.
  MAIANTHEMUM, Convallaria maialis.
  MAIDENHAIR, Adiantum capillus veneris—
 m.  American, Adiantum  pedatum — m. Canada,
 Adiantum pedatum — m.  Common, Asplenium
 trichomanoides — m.  Golden, Polytrichum — m.
 White, Asplenium ruta  muraria.
  MAIDENHEAD, Virginity.
  MAIDENHOOD, Virginity.
  MAIEIA,  Obstetrics.
  MAIEUMA, see  Parturition.
  MAIEUSIS, Parturition.
  MAIEUTA. see Parturition.
   MAIEUTER, Accoucheur.
  MAIEUTES, Accoucheur.
  MAIEUTICA ARS,  Obstetrics.
  3IAIGREUR, Emaciation.
  3IAILLET, Mallet
  31 AIL LOT, Swathing clothes.
  MAlN, Manus.
  MAIRANIA  UVA URSI, Arbutus urva ursi.
  31A IS, Zea mays.
  iTAISON PETITE, Morotrophium.
  MAJOR HEL'ICIS.   A narrow band of mus-
 cular fibres situate upon  the anterior border of
 the helix of the ear, just above the tragus.
  MAJORANA, Origanum majorana — m. Hor-
 tensis, Origanum  majorana — m.  Syriaca, Teu-
 crium marum.
  MA*KROCEPHALUS, Macrocephalus.
  31 AL  D'A.IIOUR,  Odontalgia.
  31AL  DES ARDENS. A  name  given  to a
 species of pestilential erysipelas or Saint Antho-
 ny'e fire, which  reigned epidemically in France,
 in 1130.
  31 AL  D'AVENTURE, Paronychia — tn. di
 Breno, Seherlievo — m.  Caduc,  Epilepsy — m. de
 Cerf,  Tetanus.
  MAL DE  CR13IEE (¥.), Llpre  dee Coeeaquea,
 Lepra Tau'rica.  A variety of  lepra  in  the
 Crimea.
  31 AL DE DENT, Odontalgia—m. d'Eetomac,
 Chthonophagia — m. Divin, Epilepsy — m. d'En-
 fant,  Pains (Labour)—m. di Fiume, Seherlievo—
 m. Franqaie,  Syphilis—m. de  Gorge,  Cynanche—
 in. Grand, see Epilepsy—m. Haut, Epilepsy—m.
 de 3fdchoire,  Trismus—m. de 3Ier, Nausea ma-
 rina— m. de 3Ilre, Hysteria — m. de 311 sire. Pel-
 lagra— m. de Montague,  Puna — m.  de Naplee,
 Syphilis—m.  Petit, see Epilepsy—m.  dee Piede et
 dea  maine, Acrodynia—m. RSginnale, Endemy—
 m. de  la Roea, Pellagra—m. du Roi, Scrofula—m.
Rouge de Cayenne, Elephantiasis of Cayenne—m.
Saint  Antoine, Erysipelas—m. Saint Jean, Epi-
lepsy—»i. Saint 3Iain, Lepra, Psora—m. di Scher
Hero, Seherlievo—m. de Siam, Fever, yellow.
  3IAL DE SAN LAZARO,  Cocobay.  A  le-
prous disease, common in Colombia, S. America.
  -MAL DEL SOLE, Pellagra — m. de Sohgne,
Ergotism — m. de Terre, Epilepsy — m. d  Tete,
Cephalalgia—m. del Valle, Proctocace—m. Vat,
see Anthrax.
  MALA,. Gena — m. Aurea, see Citrus auran-
tium.
  MALABATH'RINUM.   Ancient  name of  an
ointment and a wine, into which the malabathrum
entered.
  MALABA'THRUM, Cadeji-Indi.   The leaves
of a tree  of the East  Indies.  These leaves en-
tered into the theriac, mithridate, and  other an-
cient electuaries.   They are believed to be from
a species of laurel—Laurue Caaaia;  but, accord-
ing to others, from Laurus 3Ialabathrum.  The
O'leum 3Ialabathri is obtained from  it.
  MALACCiE  RADIX, Sagittarium alexiphar-
macum.
  MALACHE, Malva rotundifolia.
  MALA'CIA, from paXaKta, 'softness.' A de-
pravation of taste, in which an almost  universal
loathing  is  combined with  an  exclusive longing
for some  particular article of food.  If the pa-
tient  desires substances that  are noxious or not
eatable, it constitutes  Pica,  Pisso'sia,  Pitto'sis,
Heterorex'ia,  Heterorrhex'ia,  Cisea,   Citto'aia,
Citta,  Limo'eie Pica, Allotriopha'gia,  Pieacia'-
mtts,  Picu'tio,  Depra'ved  ap'petite, (¥.) Envie.
These symptoms  accompany several  nervous af-
fections,—those  of females  in  particular.   In
pregnancy it is common, and  is termed Longing.
  Malacia  Africanorum, Chthonophagia — eu
Cordis, Cardiomalacia.
  MALACISMUS, Mollities.
  MALACOGASTER, Gastromalaxia.
  MALACOPHO'NUS, from  paXaxia, 'softness,
and ipwvn, 'voice.'  One who has a soft voice.
  MALACOP<EA. Emollients.
  MALACORIUM, see Punica granatum.
  MALACOSARCOSIS, from paXaxos, 'soft,' an^
o-apl,  oaoKos, 'flesh.'  State of softness of thr
muscular  system.
  MALACOSIS,  Mollities—m. Cerebri, Mollities
cerebri—m.  Cordis, Cardiomalacia—m.  Hepatis,
Hepatomalacia—m. Uteri,  Hysteromalacia.
  MALACOSTEON, Moilities ossium.
  MALACOSTEOSIS, Mollities ossium.
  MALACTICA,  Emollients.
  MALACTICUM, Relaxant.
  3IALADE, Sick.
  31ALADIE, Disease-r-m. Anglaise, Hypochon-
driasis — m. Bleue,  Cyanopathy — m. de Bright,
Kidney, Bright's  disease of the—m. Bulleuse, see
Bullous,   Pemphigus — m.  de  Cruveilheir,  see
Brash, weaning — m.  Cuculaire, Pertussis — m.
Glandn/aire, Elephantiasis Arabica — m. Imagi-
naire, Hypochondriasis, Hysteria—m. Mercurielle,
Hydrargyriasis.
  3IALADIE DES MINEURS.   Anaemia oc-
curring in the workers in mines.
  3IALADIE NOIRE, Mehena — m. du Pays,
Nostalgia — m. PSdiculaire, Phtheiriasis — m. de
Pott, Vertebral disease—m. Typho'ide, see Typhus
—m. VSnSrienne, Syphilis—m. de Venue,  Syphilis
—m. de Werlhof, Purpura haemorrhagica.
  31 ALA DIES A CQ UISES, Acquired diseases- -
m.AnnneWes, Annual diseases--m.Chroniquee.Chro-
nic  diseases — m. ConnS.ee, Connate diseases—m.
DisaimulSea, Feigned diseases—m.Externea,¥lxter-
nal  diseases—m. Feintea, Feigned diseases—m.IIS-
rSditairee, Hereditary diseases—m. InnSee, Innate
diseases—m. Legitimes, see  Legitimate—m. Ner-
reuaea. Nervous diseases — m. Religieuaes, Reli-
gious diseases — »». SimulSee, Feigned diseases— 
MAL AD IF               5 64               MALLEUS
w.  Sporadiquee,  see  Sporadic— m.  SnppoaSes,
Feigned diseases—m.  Vnitetteee, Pneumatosis.
  MAL AD IF, Sickly.
  MALADRERIE, Ladrerie.
  MALADY, ENGLISH, Hypochondriasis.
  MALJ5 OS, from malum, ' an apple ;' so called
from its roundness.   Zygo'ma, Oe  mala're  seu
.Jiiga'le sen Jugamen'tum seu Gena sen Zygomat'i-
rum seu Hypo'pium seu Subocula're seu Ptidl-
eum, (¥.) Oe Malaire ou Zygomatique ou de la
Pommette.  The  cheek or malar bone.  This bone
is situate at the  lateral and  superior part of the
face ; and constitutes the zygomatic region of the
cheek.   It is irregularly quadrilateral.  Its outer
surface is  convex,  covered by muscles and skin,
 and pierced with canals,  called malar, through
 which vessels and nerves pass.   Its  upper sur-
 face is concave, and forms part of the orbit.   Its
 poaterior surface is concave, and enters into the
 composition of the temporal fossa.  This bone is
 thick  and cellular.  It is articulated with the
 frontal, temporal,  sphenoid, and superior maxil-
 lary bones, and is developed by a single point of
 ossification.
    The part of the face rendered prominent by
 it, the French call  Pommette.
    MALAG'MA,  from  paXaeew,  'I  soften.'   An
 emollient cataplasm, and,  in general,  every local
 application which  enjoys  the property of soften-
 ing organic tissues.
    31 AL AIRE, Malar.
    MALAISE, Indisposition.
    MALAKIEN, Mollities.
    MALAMBO BARK, Matias.
    MALANDERS, Malandria.
    MALAN'DRIA. Aspccies of lepra or elephan-
 tiasis.— Marcellus Empiricus.   Mal'andere  or
 3h\llendere, is a disease of the horse, which con-
 sists of a  scurfy  eruption on the  inside of the
 hock, or a little  below it,  as well as at the bend
 of the knee.  It is called  31allen.dere  in the fore-
 leg, and Saltendere in the hind leg.—Youatt.
    MALANDRIO'SUS, Leproue. Affected with
 malandria.
    MALAR, 3Iala'rie, (F.) Malaire,  from mala,
 'the cheek,'  Belonging  to the cheek, — as  the
 malar bone.
    Malar Process, Zygomatic process.
    MALARE OS. Malae os.
    MALARIA, Miasm.
    MALA'RIOUS, Mala'rial.  Owing to, or con-
 nected with Malaria,—as a  malarioue eoil, mala-
 rioue dieease, Ac.
    M AL ASSIMILATION, J/ofassim iia'tio ; from
 mala, ' bad,' and aeeimilgfio, ' assimilation.'  Im-
 perfect or morbid  assimilation or nutrition.
    MAL'AX ATE,  3Iolllre, Subig"ere,3Ialaciaaa'-
 re, (¥.) Malaxer, from paXaaaw,' I soften.' To pro-
  duce softening of drugs, by kneading them.  The
 process is called 3Ialaxa'tion, 3talaxa'tio.
    MALAXATION.  see Malaxate.
    MALAXIA VENTRICULI, Gastromalaxia.
    MALAXIS, Mollities — m. Cordis,  Cardioma-
 lacia—m. Hepatica,  Adiposis hepatica.
    MALAY, see  Homo.
    MALAZISSA'TUS. Malacisea'tue,  same  ety-
  mon  as Malaxate.  One  in  whom  the testicles
  have not descended.   It has, also, been used sy-
  nonymously w'th  emaecula'tue and muliera'tue.—
  Castelli.
    MALCE, Chilblain.
    MALE,  3Iaa,  Maa'cnhie.  Of the sex that be-
  gets young.  Not  female.  What belongs to the
  male sex ;  as the male organa of generation.
    Male, Axilla.
    Mvle Organ, Penis.
    MALE DI BRENO, see  Seherlievo — m.  Sca-
  li-i'-i venerea, Seherlievo.
    MALEFICIUM, Poisoning.
  MALFORMATION,  malfionna'tio, malconfor-
ma'tio ; from mal,  and forma, 'form.'  A wrong
formation :  or  irregularity in the  structure of
parts.   See Monster.
  3IALHERUE, Plumbago Europaea.
  MALIA. see Equinia.
  MALIASMUS,  Malis, see Equinia.
  MALICE, Althaea.
  MALICHORIUM, see Punica granatum.
  MALICORIUM, see  Punica granatum.
  MALIE,  Equinia.
  MALIG'NANT, 3Ialig'nue, (F.)  3Ialin.   A
term applied to any disease whose symptoms are
so aggravated as  to threaten  the destruction of
the patient.  A disease  of a very serious charac-
ter,  although it may  be mild in appearance; —
3Iorbna maliqiiue.
  31 ALTN, Malignant.
  MALING'ERER; 'from (F.) malingre,' sickly.'
A simulator of  disease, so termed in the British
military service.
  MALIS,  3faliae'moe,  Cuta'neoue vermina'tion,
Helminthon'cue.   The  cuticle or  skin  infested
with animalcules, — Phthiri'aeie,  Paraeitie'mus
superfic"iei.  In Persia, this affection is produced
by  the  Guinea worm; in South America, by the
Chigre;  and in  Europe, occasionally by  tho
Louse.   See Equinia, and Phtheiriasis.
  Malis Dracuncths, Dracunculus—m.-Gordii,
Dracunculus—m.  Pediculi, Phtheiriasis.
   MALLENDERS, Malandria.
   MALLE'OLAR, 3talleola'rie,  from malleolue,
'the ankle.' (¥.) 31allSolaire.  Belonging or re-
lating to the ankies.
   Malleolar  Arteries are two  branches  fur-
nished by the anterior tibial about tbe instep;
 theone—the internal—passes transversely behind
 the tendon of the tibialis anticus, to be distributed
in  the  vicinity of the malleolus  internus; — the
 other — tbe external— glides behind the tendons
 of the exteneor communie digitorum pedie and the
 peroneue brevie, and sends its branches  to the
 parts which surround the outer ankle, as well as
 to the outer region of the tarsus.
   MALLE'OLUS.   Diminutive of  malleus,  ' a
 mallet, or hammer;' Race'ta, Raste'ta, Raaeha,
 Raeetta,  Raee'ta, Sphyra, Talue, Diab'ebos.'Ta-
 le'oltte,  Peza,  Ankle,   (Prov.)  Ancler,  Anclet,
 Ancliff, Ancloio,  Ankley, Rick. (Sc) Cute, Coot
 Hanclcth, Heather-clu.  (¥.) ATallSole. Cheville dn
 Pied.  The two projections formed by the bones
 of the  leg at their inferior part   The inner be-
 longs to  the tibia; the outer to the fibula.  The
 ankles afford attachment to ligaments: and each
 has a  sort  of gutter, in which  certain tendons
 slide.  See  Malleus.
   MALLET,  3Ta!!e'olu8, (¥.) 3faillet.   A kind
 of hammer, used with  a gouge for removing or
 cutting bones, in certain surgical and anatomical
 operations.
   MAL'LEUS. 3Ialle'oh,s, Osric'ttlum  3Ialleolo
 aeaimila'tnm,  (¥.) 3I»rteau.  The longest  and
 outermost of the  four small bones  of the ear.   It
 is situate at tbe outer part of the tympanum, and
 is united to the  membrana tympani.  It has, 1.
 An ovoid head, which is articulated behind with
 the  incus,  and  is  supported by  a  narrow part
 called  the neck:  this has, anteriorly, a long apo-
 physis, which is  engaged in the glenoid  fissure,
 and is called the Apophysis or Proceee, Procee'sus
 grac"ilia, of Rau.  It  affords attachment to the
 anterior seu externue mallei muscle.  2. A handle,
 which  forms an obtuse angle with the neck, and
 corresponds to the membrane of the tympanum,
 which it seems to draw inwards.   It is furnished
 at it« upper extremity with a process—the pro-
 ceaeue  brevie, to which  the internus ma/lei is at-
 tached.  This bone is developed by a single point
 of ossification. 
MALLOW,  COMMON        565               MAMMARY
  Malleus, Equinia—M. farciminosus, see Equi-
nia— m. Slender Process of the, Grile apophyae
du marteau.
  MALLOW, COMMON, Malva—m. Compound
decoction of, Decoctum  malvae compositum — m.
Indian, Abutilon Avicennae—m. Yellow, Abutilon
Avicennae.
  MALLS, Rubeola.
  MAL'MEDY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Mal- |
uiedy is a town in Rhenish  Prussia, between Spa
and Coblenz.  In its immediate vicinity are seve-
ral acidulous chalybeate springs.
   3IALO DI SCARLIEVO, Seherlievo.
   MALOGRANATUM, Punica granatum.
   MALPIGHI,  ACINI OF,  Corpora Malpi-
 ghiana.
   MALPIG'HIA MOUREL'LA, (F.) 3Ioureil-
 lier, Simarouba faux.   The bark of  this shrub—
 a native of Cayenne — is reputed to  be febrifuge,
 and useful in diarrhoea.
   MALPIGHIAN BODIES,  Corpora Malpighi-
 ana—m. b. Inflammation of the, Kidney, Bright's
 disease of the—m. b. of the  Spleen, see Spleen.
   MALPRAX'IS, 3lala praxie, 3Ialum reg"imen.
 Bad management or treatment.
   MALT,  Sax. mealr,  Dutch, mout,  Teut.
 malt; from paXarrw,  T soften;' [?] Byne, 3Ial-
 tum, Hor'dei maltum, Bra'aium, (¥.) Drlche. Bar-
 ley made to germinate,  for the purpose of forming
 beer.   It has been recommended in medicine, as
 antiscorbutic, antiscrofulous, Ac.
   Malt Spirit. A spirit distilled from malt. It
 is the basis of most of the spirituous  cordials.
   MALTA, CLIMATE  OF.   The climate of
 Malta  is pretty equable, the range of tempera-
 ture in the twenty-four hours being rarely more
 than 6°.  The air is almost always dry and clear.
 The most disagreeable wind is the sirocco, which
 is the  source of more or less suffering to the pul-
 monary  invalid.  The winter climate is favour-
 able.   Dr. Liddell thinks that no place which he
 has seen in the south of Europe can  compete with
 Malta, for a mild, dry, bracing  air in November,
 December, and part of January; and during the
 other winter and spring months, he thinks it is
 equal  to any of them.
   .MALTHA, 31althe,  from paXarrw,  'I soften.'
 Wax,  particularly soft wax.
   MALTHACTICA, Emollients.
   MALTHAXIS, Mollities.
   MALUM,  Disease,  Melum — m.  Articulorum,
 Gout—m. Caducum, Epilepsy—m. Caducum, pul-
 monum, Asthma—m.  Canum, see Pyrus cydonia
 —m. Coense, Averrhoa carambola—m. Cotoneum,
 see Pyrus  cydonia—m. Hypochondriacum, Hy-
 pochondriasis—m. Hystericum, Hysteria—m. In-
 sanum, see Solanum Melongena—m. Ischiadicum,
 Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea—m. Lazari, Elephan-
 tiasis—m. Lycopersicum, Solanum lycopersicum.
    Malum  Mor'tuum.   A species  of lepra,  in
 which the affected portions  of skin seem to be
  struck with death.
    Malum Pilare, Triehosis—m. Pottii, Vertebral
 disease—m. Primarium, Idiopathia—m. Regimen,
 Malpraxis—m. Spinosum,  Datura stramonium—
 m.  Terrestre, Atropa Mandragora—m. Venereum,
 Syphilis.
    MALUS, Pyrus malus — m.  Aurantia  major,
 Citrus aurantium—m.  Communis, Pyrus malus—
 m. Dasyphylla, Pyrus malus.
    Malus In'dica,  Bilumbi biting-bing of Bon-
 tius.   Ord. Rosaceae.  The juice of this East In-
 dia tree is cooling, and is drunk  as a cure for
 fevers.  The leaves, boiled and  made into  a cata-
 plasm with rice, are famed  in all sorts of tumours.
 The juice, mixed with arrack, is drunk for the
 cure of diarrhcea.  The ripe fruit  is eaten as a
 delicacy ; and  the unripe  is  made  into a pickle
' for the use of the table.
I   Malus Limonia Acida, see Citrus medica—m.
 Medica, see Citrus medica—m. Sylvestris, Pyrus
' malus.
1   MALVA, Malva sylves'tris seu vulga'ris, Corn-
 mot'- -Mal'ow,  (¥.)  3Iauve sauvage.  Ord. Mal-
 vaceae.   The leaves and flowers are chiefly used
 in fomentations, cataplasms,  and  emollient ene-
 mata.  Its properties are demulcent.
    Malva rotund ifo'Iia,  31alache,  31al'oche,  haa
 like virtues: as well as the other varieties.
    MALVAVISCUM, Althaea.
    MALVERN, WATERS OF.  The village of
  Great Malvern, (pronounced Maw'vern,) in Wor-
 cestershire, England, has  for many years been
 celebrated  for a spring  of  remarkable  purity,
  which has acquired the  name of the Holy well.
  It is a carbonated water; containing carbonates
  of soda  and iron, sulphate of soda, and chloride
  of sodium ; and is chiefly used externally, in cu-
  taneous  affections.
    MAMA-PIAN.  (F.) 3Iaman-pian.  An ulcer
  of a bad aspect, which is the commencement of
  the pian;  and which, after having destroyed the
  flesh, extends to  the bones.  It is also  called tbe
  3Iother of Plane ;—La mire dea plane.
    MAMEI, Mamoe, 31omin or Toddy tree. From
  incisions made in the branches of this West In-
  dian tree, a copius discharge of pellucid liquor
  occurs, which is called monun or Toddy wine.  It
  is very diuretic, and is esteemed to be a good an-
  tilithic and lithontriptic
    3IAMELLE, Mamma.
    31A MELON, Nipple.
    3IA3IEL ONNE, Mammillated.
    31 A MELONS DU REIN,  Papillae  of the
  kidney.
    MAMILLA, Mammula, see Mamma.
    MAMMA,  from mamma,  one  of  the   earliest
  cries of the infant, ascribed  to a desire for  food.
  3Iasthos, 3Iastus,  31azoe, Thele,  Titthoe,  Titty,
  Rama,  Uber, ov&ap, Nutrix, Gemip'oma.  The
  female breaet, Pap, Pappe, (3Iammilla, Mamilln
  being the  male  breast:) (F.) 3tamelle.  A glan-
  dular organ, proper to a class of animals — the
  mammalia — and intended for  the  secretion  or
  milk.  The mammae exist in both sexes, but they
  acquire a much greater size in the female; especi-
  ally during pregnancy and lactation. In women,
  before the age of puberty,  the  breasts  are but
  little  developed.   At this period, however, to-     4
  wards the central part of each breast, the skin
  suddenly  changes colour, and assumes  a  rosy
  tint.  It is of a reddish  brown in  women who
  have suckled several children.   This circle has a
  rugous  appearance, owing  to the  presence  of
  sebaceous glands, and is called Are'ola or Awe'-
  ola.  These glands— Tuberclee ofi the Areola, of
  Sir Astley Cooper—furnish an unctuous fluid for
  defending  the nipple from the action of the saliv-a
  of  the sucking infant.   In the midst of the aure-
  ola is the nipple, a conoidal  eminence, of a rosy
  tint, susceptible of erection, and at the surface
  of which the  galactophorous  ducts open.   Besides
  the  skin  covering them, the  breasts are,  also,
  composed of a layer of fatty areolar tissue,  more
  or less thick; of a large gland ; excretory duets ;
  vessels, nerves, Ac  See Mammary.
     In the animal, the mamma is called the Udder,
  ov$ap,  Uber, the  Rag.
     The breasts, plus the space between, are called
  the boaom, einue, colpoe (koXitos).  At times,  these
  terras  are  restricted  to  the space  between tha
  breasts.   (F.) iS'et'n.
     Mamma also means a nurse.
     31 AM MA IRE, Mammary.
     MAMMAL,  plural  3Iamma'lia,  Mam'mifer,
  mammifi'eroita animal; from mamma, 'a breast.'
  An animal that suckles its young.
    MAM'MARY, 3Iamma'rius,  (¥.) Mammaire, 
MAMMARY  ABSCESS        566         MANDR AG ORITES
fc m  mamma,  'the  breast.'   Relating  to  the
bi easts.
  Mammary Abscess, Mastodynia apostematosa. I
  Mammary  Arteries  are  three  in  number.
They are distinguished  into — 1. The Internal \
3Iammary, Arte'ria  eterna'lie, A.  Sons-sternal
(Ch.), Internal thorac"ic.   It arises from the sub-
clavian, and descends obliquely inwards, from its
origin  to the cartilage of the third rib.  Below
the diaphragm  it divides into two branches ; the
one external, the other internal.  From its origin
until its bifurcation, it gives branches  to  tbe
muscles and glands  of the neck, to the thymus,
mediastinum, pericardium, and oesophagus.   In
each intercostal space it gives off internal  and
external musculo-cutaneous  branches, and also,
on each side,  the superior diaphragmatic.   Its
two ultimate  branches  are distributed on the
parietes of  the abdomen, and anastomose with
the  external mammary,  intercostal, lumbar, cir-
cumflexa ilii, and epigastric arteries.  2. The Ex-
ternal Mammary Arteries are two  in number, and
are distinguished into superior and inferior.  The
superior external mammary, First of the thoracice
 (Ch.), Superior external  thoracic, Superior tho-
racic,  is  furnished  by the axillary artery.   It
descends obliquely forwards between the pector-
alis major and pectoralis  minor, to which it is
distributed by a considerable number of branches.
The inferior external mammary, the eecond ofi the
thoracice (Ch.), Long or  inferior thoracic, arises
from the axillary artery, a little  below the  pre-
ceding.  It descends vertically over  the lateral
part of the thorax ;  curves, afterwards, inwards ;
becomes subcutaneous and divides into a  number
of branches, which surround  the breast.   It gives
branches to  the pectoralis major, serratus major
 anticus, the intercostal  muscles, the glands  of
the axilla, and the integuments of the breast.
   Mammary Gland, Glan'dula lactif'era, is  the
 secretory organ of the milk.  It is situate  in
 the substance  of the breast, to which  it gives
 shape.  The tissue  of this  gland  results from
 the assemblage of lobes  of different size, united
 intimately by  a dense areolar tissue.  Each  of
these is composed of several lobules, formed  of
 round granulations, of a rosy white colour, and
 of the size  of a poppy seed.   The  glandular
grains give rise to the radicles of the excretory
 canals  of the  mamma, which are called galac-
 tophoroue or lactiferous.   These excretory ves-
 sels unite in ramusculi,  rami, and in trunks  of
 greater or less  size;  collect towards the centre of
 the gland;  are tortuous, very  extensible, and
 semi-transparent.    All   terminate  in  sinuses,
 situate near the base of the nipple, which are
 commonly from 15 to  18 in number.   These
 sinuses are very short, conical, and united by are-
 olar tissue.  From their  summits, a fasciculus of
 new ducts sets out, which occupy the centre of
 the nipple and open  separately at its  surface.
 The arteries of the mammary gland come from
 the thoracic,  axillary,  intercostal, and  internal
 mammary.   The  veins accompany the arteries;
 the nerves are furnished by the  intercostals,  and
 brachial plexus;  the lymphatic vessels  are very
 numerous, and form two layers.  They  commu-
 nicate with those of the thorax, and pass into the
 axillary ganglions.
   Mam'mary  Sarco'ma,  3tastoid  sarcoma  of
 Abernethy, Emphy'ma sarcoma  mamma'rnm.   A
 tumour, of the colour and texture of the mam-
 mary gland ; dense and whitish ; sometimes softer
 and brownish; often producing, on extirpation, a
 malignant ulcer with indurated edges.  Found in
 various parts of the body and limbs.
   Mammary Veins follow the same course as the
 arteries, and have received the  same denomina-
 tions.  The internal mammary vein, of the right
side, opens into the superior cava;  that  >f the
left,  into  the  corresponding  subclavian vein.
The external mammary veine open into the axil-
lary vein.
  MAMME'A AMERICA'NA, (F.) Abricot eau-
rage.   Ord.  Guttiferae.  The  systematic name
of the tree on which the mammee or mamei fruit
grows.   This fruit has a delightful flavour when
ripe; and  is much  cultivated in Jamaica, where
it is generally sold in the markets as one  of the
best fruits of the island.
  MAMMEA'TA, Mammo'sa, from mamma, 'the
breast'  One who has large breasts.
  MAMMELLA, Nipple.
  MAMMIFER,  Mammal.
  MAMMIFEROUS ANIMAL, Mammal.
  MAMMIFORM,  Mastoid.
  MAMMILLA,  Mamma (male). Nipple.
  MAMMILLjE  MEDULLARES, see Mammil-
lary.
  MAMMILLARIS, Mastoid.
  MAM'MILLARY, 3Iammilla'rie,  from Mam-
milla, ' a small breast, a nipple.'   See Mastoid.
  Mammillary Em'inence  is a name given, 1.
To more or less marked prominences on the inner
surface of the bones of the  cranium, which  cor-
respond to the anfractuosities  of the cranium.
2. To  white, round, medullary tubercles, of the
size of a pea, situate at the base of the brain, be-
hind  the  gray substance from  which the  Tige
pituitaire,  of  the  French  anatomists,  arises.
These 3Iammillary Tu'berclee, Cor'pora albican'-
iia seu Candican'tia seu 3tammilla'ria seu Piei-
for'mia, Bulbi fior'nicie, 3Iammilla  seu Glob'nli
medulla'ree,  Prominentia albican'tee,  Procee'sus
mammilla'res cer'ebri, Protensio'nee glandula'ree,
Eminen'tia  eandican'tes,  Prio'rum  crurum fior'-
nicia  bulbi,  Willia'a Glande,  (¥.)  Bulbee de la
voiite d troie piliere, Tnberclee piaiformee (Ch.),
aro united to each other by a small grayish band,
which corresponds with the third ventricle. They
receive the anterior prolongations of the fornix.
   Some ancient anatomists, taking  the- nervous
trunks, to which Willis  first gave the name of
olfactory  nervee,  for simple appendages  of the
brain,  called them, an account of  their shape,
 Carun'cula  mammilla'ree.  Vesalius,  Fallopius,
Columbus, and several others, termed them  Pro-
cea'atta  mammilla'ree cer'ebri ad naree.   They
have also been called Trigo'na olfacto'ria.
   MAM'MILLATED,  (F.)  3iamelonne,  from
mamma, 'the  female breast.'   That which has
mammiform projections on its surface.
   Mammillated Liver, Cirrhosis.
   31 AM311TE, Mastitis.
   MAMMITIS, Mastitis.
   MAMMOSA, Mammeata.
   MAM'MULA;   diminutive of  Mamma,  31a-
 milla. A small breast
   MAMOE,  Mamei.
   MAN, Aner, Anthropos, Homo.
   MANAKIN, Fantom.
   MAN-IN-THE-GROUND,Convolvuluspandur
 atus — m. of the  Earth, Convolvulus panduratus
   3IANCENILLIER. Hippomane mancinella.
   3IANCHE D'HIPPOCRATE, Chausse.
   MANCHINEEL, Hippomane mancinella.
   MANCURANA, Origanum.
   MANDIBULA,  Maxillary bone.
   MANDIBULARIS MUSCULUS, Masseter.
   MANDIOC. Jatropha manihot.
   MANDO.  Glutton.
   MANDRAGORA, Atropa  mandragora—m.
 Acaulis,  Atropa   mandragora — m.  Officinalis,
 Atropa mandragora — m. Vernalis, Atropa  man-
 dragora.
   MANDRAGORI'TES, from  pavlpayopas, the
 Alropa  mandrag'ora  or mandrake.   Wine  in
 which the roots of mandrake have been infused. 
MANDRAKE              567               MANlODES
  MANDRAKE, Atropa mandragora, Podophyl-
lum peltatum, P. montanum.
  MANDRIN A  VIRGULE, see Briee-coque.
  MANDUCATIO, Mastication — m.  Difficilis,
Bradymasesis.
  MAN'DUCATORY, 3Ianducato'riue; from
Manducatio, ' mastication.' Appertaining  or re-
lating to mastication ;—as,
  Manducatory Nerve, see Trigemini.
  MANEUVRE,  Manoeuvre.
  MAN'GANESE, 3Iangane'eittm, Manga'nium.
A metal, which is  pretty abundant in nature in an
oxidized state. It is of a grayish-white colour,
resembling some  varieties of cast iron, is hard
and brittle, and destitute of magnetic properties.
Specific  gravity about 8.
  Manganese, Black Oxide  of, Mangane'eii
ox'idum  seu  Binox'idum,  Tetrox'ide ofi manga-
neae, 3Iagne'eia nigra, 3Iangane'eium vitrario'rum
seu oxyda'tum nati'vum seu  nigrum seu ochra'-
ceum nigrum  seu oxyda'tum nati'vum, Man'ganum
oxyda'tum nativum,   31olybda'num  magne'eii,
 Oxo'des  man'gani nati'va, Perox'ydum mangane'-
eii nigrum nativum, Superox'ydum mangan'icum,
(¥.) Oxyde noir de manganlae.   This oxide is not
much used in medicine.  It has been advised to
dust the affected  parts, in tinea capitis, with the
powder.   It  is officinal in the  Edinburgh phar-
macopoeia, and is used in preparing chlorine, solu-
tion of chlorine, and solution of chlorinated soda.
  Manganese, Salts of, see  Manganese,  sul-
phate of.     v
  3IANGANESE OXYDE NOIR DE, Man-
ganese, black oxide of.
  Man'ganese, Sulphate of,  3Iangane'sii Sul-
 phas seu Protox'idi Sulphas, Sulphate ofi Pro-
 tox'ide ofi 3tailganese.   A rose-coloured and very
soluble salt, isomorphous  with  sulphate of mag-
nesia.   It is  prepared on a large scale for the use
 of the dyer, by heating, in a close vessel, peroxide
 of  manganese and coal, and dissolving the im-
pure protoxide, thus obtained, in sulphuric acid,
with  the addition of a little  cholohydric acid
 towards  the end of the  process.  The solution is
 evaporated to dryness, and again exposed to a red
 heat, by which the persulphate  of iron  is decom-
 posed.   Water then dissolves the  pure sulphate
 of manganese, leaving the-oxide of iron behind.
  This   salt has been recommended as a  chola-
 gogue, in doses of a drachm or  two.
  The salts of manganese have been recommended
 in chlorosis and amenorrhoea, and as substitutes
 for chalybeates generally.  The subcarbonate and
 the oxide have been chiefly employed.
  Manganese, Tetroxide of, M. Black oxide of.
  MANGANESII BINOXIDUM, Manganese,
 black oxide  of—m.  Oxidum, Manganese, black
 oxide of—m. Peroxydum nigrum nativum, Man-
ganese,  black oxide of—m. Protoxidi sulphas,
Manganese, sulphate of—m. Sulphas, Manganese,
 sulphate of.
  MANGANESIUM, Manganese.
  Manganesium   Ochraceum  Nigrum, Manga-
nese, black oxide of—m. Oxydatum nativum seu
nigrum,  Manganese, black oxide of—m.  Vitra-
riorum,  Manganese, black oxide of.
  MANGANI OXODES  NATIVA, Manganese,
black oxide of.
  MANGANICUM  SUPEROXIDUM, Manga-
nese, black oxide of.
  MANGANIUM, Manganese.
  MANGANUM OXYDATUM  NATIVUM,
Manganese, black oxide of.
  MANGE, Scabies ferina.
  MANGIF'ERA IN'DICA, M. domes'tica, from
mango, the fruit,  and fiero, 'I bear.'  The 3Iango
tree, (F.)  Manguier.   Ord. Terebinthaceae.  A
tree cultivated over Asia, and in South America.
Mangos, when ripe, are juicy, of a good flavour,
and so fragrant as to perfume the air to a con-
siderable distance.  They are eaten, either raw or
preserved with sugar.  From the expressed juico
a wine is prepared; and the remainder of the ker-
nel can be reduced to an  excellent flour for bread.
  MANGO TREE, Mangifera Indica.
  MANGONISATIO, Falsification.
  MANGONIUM, Falsification.
  MANGOSTAN, Garcinia mangostana
  MANGOSTANA,  Garcinia mangostana —m.
Cambogia, Garcinia eambogia—m. Garcinia, Gar-
cinia mangostana.
  MANGOUSTAN, Garcinia mangostana.
  MANGOSTEEN, Garcinia mangostana.
  31ANGUIER, Mangifera Indica,
  MANHOOD, Adult age.
  MANI, Araehis hypogaea.
  MA'NIA, Furor, Hemianthro'pia,  Furor seu
Ecphro'nia  seu  Delirium mania,  Insa'nia, De-
lirium manlacum  seu fiurio'sum, 3Iania unirer-
sa'lia, Veaa'nia mania, (¥.) 3Ianie, Hyper phrenic,
Raving or fiurioua madneaa, (Sc.)  Wodnea ; from
patvopat,' I am furious.'  With some, it means in-
eanity.   Disorder of  the intellect,  in which there
is erroneous judgment  or hallucination, which
impels to acts of fury.   If the raving be not di-
rected to a single object, it is mania properly so
called; if to one object, it constitutes monomania,
which term is, however, usually given to melan-
choly.  Mania attacks adults  chiefly;  and wo-
men more  frequently than men.  The prognosis
is unfavourable.  About one-third never recover;
and  they who do are apt to relapse.  Separation
is one of the most  effective means of treatment,
with  attention to  the  corporeal  condition and
every thing that can add to the mental  comfort
of the patient, and turn  his thoughts away from
the subjects of his  delusion.  In the violence of
the paroxysms, recourse  must be had to the strait
waistcoat,  the shower  bath,   Ac.   Separation
should be continued  for some weeks during  con-
valescence, with the view of preventing a relapse.
   Mania, Dancing.   Dancing  plague.   A form
of convulsion, which has  appeared,  at various
times, epidemically under the form of St. Vitus's
dance, St.  John's dance, Tarantism, Hysteria,
Tigretier (in Abyssinia), and diseased  sympathy;
and which  has been fully described by Hecker in
his ' Epidemics of the Middle Ages.'  See  Con-
vulaionnaire.
   Mania Epileptica, see  Epilepsy—m.  Erotica,
Erotomania—m. Lactea, M. puerperal — m. Me-
lancholica, Melancholy—m. a Pathemate, Empa-
thema—m. a Potu, Delirium tremens.
   Mania, Puer'peral,  31. puerpera'rum actt'ta
seu puerpera'lis seu lac'tea, Insa'nia puerpera'-
rum,  Encephalopathi'a  puerpera'lis,  Puer'peral
Insanity.  Mania which supervenes in the child-
bed state.
   Mania Puerperarum Acuta, M. puerperal —
m. sine  Delirio, Pathomania — m. a Temulentid,
Delirium tremens—m. Pellagria, Pellagra.
   MANIACAL, Maniodes.
   MANIACUS, Maniodes.
   MANICA  HIPPOCRATIS,  Chausse.
   MANICOCOMIUM, Morotrophium.
  3IANIE, Mania—m. sane DSlire, Empathema,
  MANIGUETTA, Amomum grana paradisi.
   MANIHOT UTILISSIMA, Jatropha manihot.
  MANIIBAR, Jatropha manihot.
   MANIKIN, Fantom.
  MANILU'VIUM,  3Ianulu'vium, from manue,
'the hand.' and lavo, T wash.'  A bath  for the
hands.   It  may be  rendered  stimulating,  by
means of muriatic acid,  mustard, Ac.
  MANIOC, Jatropha manihot.
  MANIO'DES, 3Iani'acua, 3Ianlacal.   One la-
bouring under mania; Hemianthro'pue, Furio'eut,
Furibun'due, Lyeeae,  Lyase'ter. 
MANIPULATION
56 8
MARIGOLD
  MANIPULATION, from manue,  'a hand.'.
Mode of workinjr, as in pharmacy.              |
  MANIP'ULUS, (F.) PoignSc.   The quantity
of a substance capable of filling the hand.  A !
handful.  See Fasciculus.                      ji
  MAN-MIDWIFE, Accoucheur.               |
  MANNA, see Fraxinus ornus — m. Briancon,
see Pinus larix.                               ||
  Manna Brigantina, see Pinus larix—m. Cala- :
briua, see Fraxinus ornus — m. Croup,  Semolina
— m. Laricea, see Pinus larix — m. Metallorum,
Hydrargvri submurias.
  MANNEQUIN, Fantom.
  MANXIKIN, Fantom.
  MANNIN, see Fraxinus ornus.
  MANNITE. see Fraxinus ornus.
  AIANtEU VRE (¥.), pronounced and anglicized
Ifaneu'vre;  from main,  'the  hand,' and ceuvre,
'  work.'  A  dexterous movement.   Applied in
France to the practice of surgical or obstetrical
operations on the dead body  or phantom;  Ope-
ra'tio chirur'gica seu obstelrica.
  MAN.-ANA ARBOREA, see Jujube.
  MAXSFORDS PLATES, see Galvanism.
  MANSORIUS, Buccinator.
  MANSTl'PRATIO, Masturbation.
  MANTELE, Bandage  (body).
  MANTI'A,  3Ian'tica,  Alan'tice,  in  English,
money ; a common suffix, from the Greek, deno-
ting ' divination;' Divina'tio, Pradivinatio, Pra-
8a'gium.
  MANTILE, Bandage (body).
  MANTLE, Panniculus carnosus.
  MANU'BRIUM, from manue, 'a hand.'   Tbe
handle of any thing: — as  manu'brium  mallei,
petiolue mallei,  'the handle of the malleus.'
  Manubrium, Chaeee—m. Manfls,  Radius.
   Manubrium Sterni.   The uppermost broad
part of the sternum.
   MANULUVIUM, Bath, hand, Maniluvium.
   MANUS, paw, 'I feel,' paopai, 'I take,' Chrir,
Chir, Inetrumen'tum Tnetrumento'rum, Hand, Paw,
(¥.) 3Iain.  The part which terminates the upper
extremity in man, and which is inservient to pre-
hension and touch.  It extends from the fold of
the  wrist to the extremity  of the fingers.   The
hand is sustained by a bony skeleton, composed
of a number of pieces, movable on each other;
of muscles,  tendons, cartilages, ligaments,  ves-
sels, nerves, Ac.   It is divided into three parts—
tbe carpus or wrist, the metacarpus, and fingere.
Its concave surface is called the palm ;  the  con-
vex surface the  back  of the hand.  The facility
of being able to oppose  the thumb to the fingers
in  order to seize objects forms one of the dis-
tinctive characters of the human hand.
   Manus Christi Perla'ta.  A name anciently
given  to troches, prepared of pearls and sugar of
roses.  They were called 3tanus Christi eim'plicee,
when pearls were not employed.
   Manus Dei.  An ancient plaster, prepared of
wax, myrrh, firankincenee,  maetich, gum ammo-
niac, galbanum, oil, Ac.   See  Opium.
   Manus Hepatis, see Liver — m. Jecoris, see
Liver—m. Parva majori  adjutrix, see Digitus.
   MANIST.UPRATIO. Masturbation.
   MANUSTUPRATOR, Masturbator.
   MAXYPLIES, Omasum.
   MAPLE. Acer saccharinum—m. Ground, Heu-
chera cortusa—m. Red, Acer rubrum—m. Striped,
Acer Pennsylvanicum.
   31 A RAIS, Marsh.
   MARANSIS, Atrophy.
   MARANTA, Arrow-root—m.  Arundinacea,
Arrow-root
   Maran'ta Galan'ga, Alpi'nia galan'ga, Amo'-
mum  galanga,  Galanga.   Ord.  Zingiberaceae.
The emafler gal an'gal.  Two  kinds of  galan^al
•ire mentioned in the pharmacopoeias; the greater,
obtained  from  Kampfieria  galanga,  and  the
smaller, from the root of 3laranta galanga.  The
dried root is brought from China, in pieces from
one to two inches in length, but scarcely half*as
thick;  branched; full of knots and joints, with
several circular rings, of a reddish brown colour,
on  the outside,  and brownish  within.  It was
formerly  much used as a warm stomachic bitter,
and generally ordered in bitter infusions.
  MARASCHINO, see Spirit.
  MARASMOP YRA, Febrie maraemo'dee, from
papaapos,  'marasmus,'  and irvp, 'fever.'  Fever
of emaeiation in  general.  Hectic fever.
  MARASMUS, Atrophy — m. Lactantium, Pae-
datrophia—m. Phthisis, Phthisis pulmonalis.
  Marasmus  Seni'lis, Tabee eenum,  Geronta-
troph'ia.   Progressive atrophy of the aged.
  Marasmus Tabes, Tabes—m. Tabes dorsalis,
Tabes dorsalis.
  MARATHRITES,   from  papaSpov,  'fennel.'
Wine impregnated with fennel.
  MARATHROPHYLLUM, Peucedanum.
  MARATHRUM, Anethum—m. Sylvestre, Peu-
cedanum.
  MARAI'GIA,  Metamorphopsia.
  MARBLE, Marmor.
  3IARBRE, Marmor.
  31 ARC, Magma.
  MARCASITA, Bismuth —m. Alba, Bismuth,
subnitrate of—m. Plumbea, Antimonium.
  MARCASITA  MAGISTERIUM,  Bismuth,
subnitrate of.
  MARCHANTIA  POLYMOR'PHA, M.  etel-
la'ta seu umbella'ta, Hepat'ica fionta'na. Lichen
atelltltue, Jecora'ria, Liv'erwort, (¥.) HSpatique
dee fiontainee.  Ord. Hepatioae.   This  plant  is
mildly pungent and bitter.  It is recommended
as aperient, resolvent, and antiscorbutic;  and  is
used in diseased  liver, Ac
  31ARCHE (LA), Walking.
  MARCHIO'NIS PULVIS, Powder of the Mar.
quie.   A  powder, formerly considered to be anti-
epileptic ; and composed of Male peony root, J/iV-
tletoe, Ivory ahavinge, Horn of the hoof ofi the etag,
Spodium, Tooth ofi the monodon, coral, Ac.
  MARCORES,  Atrophy, Emaciation.
  MARCORY, Stillingia.
  MARECAGEUX, Elodes.
  3IAREMMAT1QUE, see Elodes.
  MAREO, Puna.
  MARE'S FAT,  Inula dysenterica—m. Tail,
Hippuris vulgaris.
  MARGA CAN'DIDA, Lac luna.   An ancient
name for a variety of spongy, white, friable marl,
which  was employed as an astringent and refri-
gerant.
  MARGARETIZZA,  Seherlievo.
  MARGARITA, Pearl.
  MARGARITA'CEOUS, 3Iargarita'ceue, Na'-
creoue, (¥.) NacrS; from margarita,  'pearl, mo-
ther of pearl.'  Resembling, or of the nature of,
mother of pearl,—as Leuco'ma Margarita'ceum ;
Pearl-like leucoma.
  MARGARON, Pearl.
  MARGELIS.  Pearl.
  MARGELLIUM, Pearl.
  MAR G INI- SUS-SCAPULO-TROCHITE'-
RIEN, Teres minor.
  MARGO, Bord—m. Dentatus, see Retina—m
Orbitalis, see Orbit.
  MARGUERITE  PETITE, Bellis— m.  dee
Prls. grande. Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum.
  MARIENBAD,  MINERAL WATERS  OP.
Celebrated springs in Bohemia. Tbe Kreuzbrunn
contains  sulphate of soda, carbonate of iron, and
carbonic  acid.
  MARIGOLD.  DIAMOND FIG, Mesembryan-
themura   crystallinum — in. Garden,  Calendula
officinalis—m. Marsh, Caltha palustris—m. Sin- 
MARIOTTE,  EXPERIMENT OF,    56 9             MARSYPION
gle,  Calendula officinalis—m. Wild, Calendula I
arvensis.
  MARIOTTE',  EXPERIMENT OF, (F.)  Ex-
pSriciiee de 3tariotte.  A  celebrated experiment
of the AbbS Mariotte, which consists in  placing
two  small round spots on a wall at some distance
from each  other,  standing opposite the left-hand
object, and looking at it with the right eye, the
left  being  closed.  By walking backwards, until
the distance from the object is about five times
as great as the distance between the two  objects,
the latter will be found to  disappear.  Mariotte
and, after  him, many ophthalmologists, inferred
that the optic nerve, on which the ray doubtless
falls in this experiment, is insensible; and hence
that the choroid may be the seat of vision, — not
the  retina.  The inference  is illogical; for  it
doubtless  falls on  the  part of the optic nerve
where the  central artery enters, and the central
vein leaves the eyeball, and where there is neces-
sarily no neurine.
   MARIS, papts.  Ancient name of a measure,
containing 83 pints and 4 ounces.
   MARISCA, Ficus, Haemorrhois.
   3IARJOLATNE, Origanum majorana.
   MARJORAM,  COMMON, Origanum—m. Wild.
Origanum—m. Sweet, Origanum majorana.
   MARJORANA, Origanum majorana—m. Man-
curana, Origanum.
   MARMALADE, Marmelade.
   MARMARYGE, see Metamorphopsia.
   MARMARYGO'DES, pappapvywcns, 'brilliant'
An epithet, joined particularly to the word oip$aX-
itos,  to  indicate a brilliant  eye, a  flashing  eye.
An eye which transmits the image  of imaginary
objects.  See Metamorphopsia.
   MAR'MELADE,  3Iarmela'da,  Marmela'ta,
3Iarmalade,  31iva.   Parts  of vegetables,  con-
fected with sugar,  and reduced to a pultaceous
consistence.
   Marmelade of  Apricots.   A  marmelade,
prepared with two parts of ripe apricots deprived
of their stones, and one part of white sugar.
   Marmelade of Fernel, M. of Tronchin.
   Marmelade of Tronchin, or of Fernel.  A
kind of thick looch, of an  agreeable taste,  pre-
pared with two ounces of oil of sweet almonds, as
much syrup of violets, manna in tears, very fresh
pulp of cassia, 16 grains of gum tragacanth, and
two  drachms of orange flower water.  It is used
as a laxative, demulcent, and pectoral.
  MARMELATA, Marmelade.
  MARMOR, pappopos,  Marble, Calcie Car'bonas
durue, (¥.) 3Iarbre.  White granular carbonate
of lime.  Used in pharmacy for the preparation
of a  pure lime, and the disengagement of carbonic
acid.
  MARMORATA AURIUM, Cerumen.
  MARMOROS,  Marmor.
  MARMORYGE, see Metamorphopsia.—m.Hip-
pocratis, Hemiopia.
  MAROUTE. Anthemis cotula.
  MARRIAGEABLE, Nubile.
  MAR'RIOTT,  DRY VOMIT OF.  This once
celebrated  emetic, called dry, from its being ex-
hibited without drink, consisted of equal portions
of tartarized antimony, and aulphate ofi copper.
  3IARRONIER D'INDE, ^sculus Hippocas-
tanura.
  MARROW,  My'eloe,  3Iedulla,  M.   ossium,
Med'iillary Juice,  Axun'gia de 3Ium'ia, 3Iumia de
3Iedullie, Sax. mens, (F.) Moelle, Site mSdullaire.
The  oily, inflammable, whitish  or yellowish juice,
which fills the medullary canal of the long bones,
the  cancellated structure  at the  extremities of
those bones, the diploe of flat bones, and  the in-
terior of short bones.  The  marrow is furnished
by the exhalation of the  medullary membrane.
It is  fluid during life, and appears under the form
of small points or brilliant grains after death.  It
is enveloped in the medullary membrane.
   Marrow, Spinal, Medulla spinalis — m. Ver-
tebral, Medulla spinalis.
   -MARRUBE BLANC, Marrubium— m  Noir,
Ballota fcetida.
   MARRU'BIUM,  31. vulga're  seu  album  sen
German'icum seu apulum, Pra'eittm,  Phraaum,
Horehound, (¥.) 3larrube  blanc.   Ord. Labiatae.
The leaves have a  moderately strong, arouiatio
smell; and a very bitter,  penetrating,  diffusive,
and durable taste.  It has often been  given in
coughs and asthmas, united with sugar. Dose, Jss
to Jj, in infusion; dose of extract, gr. x to Jss.
   Ford's  Balsam  of Horehound, is made as
follows: — horehound, liquorice robt, aa, Ibiij and
,3;viij ; water,  q. s.  to strain Ibvj.  Infuse,  lo
tbe strained liquor add :—proof spirit or brandy,
ft>12 : camphor, Jj and Jij ; opium and benjamin,
aa Jj :  dried squills, Jij ;  oil of aniseed,  Jj :
honey, Ibiij and Jviij.—Gray.  It is pectoral.
   Marrubium, Leonurus  cardiaca—m. Album,
Marrubium — m. Apulum, Marrubium — m. Ger-
manicum, Marrubium — m. Nigrum, Ballota  foe-
tida—m. Vulgare, Marrubium.
   MARS, Ferrum—m. Solubilis, Ferrum tartari-
zatum.
   MARSEILLES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  re-
marks made upon the climate of Montpelier  ap-
ply  even in greater force to that of Marseilles.
It possesses all the objectionable qualities of the
climate of  southeastern France.
   MARSH, Limne,  Heloa, Palit8, Sax. mep-rc,
(F.) 3Iaraie.  Marshy districts give  off emana-
tions,  which  are the  fruitful source of disease
and the cause of great insalubrity in many coun-
tries.  The chief disease, occasioned by the mala-
ria or miasm, is intermittent fever.  Hence it be-
comes important to drain such regions,  if practi-
cable.  Some marshy countries  are not so liable
to phthisis pulmonalis, and  it has been found,
that where intermittents have been got rid of by
draining, consumption has, at times, become fre-
quent.  The  most unhealthy periods  for resi-
dence in  a  marshy district are during the exist-
ence  of  the  summer  and autumnal  heats;  at
which times the water becomes evaporated, and
the marshy bottom is more or less exposed  to the
sun's rays.  This postulatum seems necessary for
the production of the miasmata: for whilst  the
marsh is well covered with  water, no miasm is
given off.
   Marsh Poison, Miasm  (marsh)—m. Mallow,
Althaea—m. Root, Statice Caroliniana—m. Tea,
Ledum palustre.
   MARSHALL'S CERATE, see Cerate, Mar-

   MARSHY, Elodes.
   MARSIPIUM, Marsupion.
   MARSUM, 3lar'eium, 3tar'aicum.  An ancient
wine of Marsia, in Italy, which was used as an
astringent in certain diseases of the mouth.
   MARSUPIAL, see Marsupion.
   MARSUPIALIS, Ischio-trochanterianus, Ob
turator internus.
   MARSUPIATE, see Marsupion.   .
   MARSU'PION, 3taraupeion, Marayp'ion, 3far
eip'pon, 3Iarau'pium, 3Iaraip'inm, Sac'culua, (putp-
evmov, 'a small sack, a purse.')   A sack or bag,
with which any part is fomented.  Also, the  ab-
dominal  pouch in the kangaroo, opossum, &c,
into which  the young, born at a very early stage
of development, are  received and nourished with
milk secreted from glands which open into  the
pouches.  Such animals are  termed 3Torau'pial,
3Iarsu'piate. 3Iaraupia'lia,  See Generation.
  MARSUPIUM,  Scrotum —m.  Musculosum,
Dartos.
  MARSYPION, Marsupion. 
MARTEAU             570              MASTITIS
  31A R TEA U, fallens.                       I|
  MARTIAL, Chalybeate.
  MARTIALIS, Chalybeate.
  MARTIANA POMA, see Citrus aurantium.
  MARTIA'TUM  UNGUEN'TUM,  (F.)  On-
guent de Soldat, Soldier'e ointment.  This  was
composed of bay berriee, rue, marjoram, mint, eage,
vormwood, badl, olive oil, yellow wax, and  31a-
laga wine. It was invented by Martian ; and was
employed by soldiers as a preservative  against
injuries from cold.
  MARTIS LIMATURA, Ferri limatura.
  MARUM  CORTUSI, Teucrium  marum —m.
Creticum, Teucrium marum—m. Syriacum, Teu-
crium marum — m. Verum, Teucrium marum—
m Vulgare, Thymus  mastichina.
  MARUTA  COTULA, Anthemis cotula.
  MAS, Male, Modiolus.
  MASCARPIO, Masturbator.
  MASCHALADENITIS,  from /uKryaAn,  'the
axilla,' and adenitis,  'inflammation of a gland.'
Inflammation of the glands of the axilla.
  MASCHALE, Axilla.
  MASCHALLEUS. Axillary.
  MASCHALIATRI'A, from paexaXn,  'the
axilla,' and tarptia, ' healing.'  Treatment of dis-
ease by applications made to the axilla.
  MASCHALIS, Axilla.
  MASCHALISTER, Axis.
  MASCHALON'CUS,   3Iaechalopa'nue,  from
fiavxaXn, 'the  axilla,' and oyKos, 'a tumour.'  A
tumour or bubo or swelling in the axilla.
  MASCHALOPANUS, Maschaloncus.
  MASCULA, Tribade.
  MASCULUS, Male.
  MASESIS, Mastication.
  MA SHU A, (S.)  A  tuberous root, of a flat,
pyramidal  shape, which is cultivated and cooked
like the potato by the  Serranos of Peru.   It is
watery and insipid,   but nevertheless  is  much
eaten by them.  The Indians use the mashua as
a medicine in dropsy, dyspepsia, and dysentery.
The plant is unknown to botanists.—Tschudi.
   MASK, Larva,  (¥.) Maeque, Larve.   A band-
age applied over  the face, as a sort of mask, in
cases of burns, scalds, or erysipelas. It serves to
preserve the parts from the contact of air, and to
retain topical applications in eitu.   It is made of
a piece of linen, of the  size of the  face, in which
apertures are made  corresponding to the  eyes,
nose, and mouth, and  which is fixed by means
 of  strings stitched to the four angles.
   MASKED, Larva'tue, (¥.) LarvS.  Disguised,
 —as a " maeked fever," or one which is not clearly
 developed.  See Fever, masked.
   MASLACH, Moelich, Am'phion, An'fion. A
 medicine much used by tbe Turks, and into the
 composition  of which  opium  enters.  It is ex-
 citant.
   MASQUE, Mask.
   MASS,  pa(,a, Maza,  3Iaeea,  from paaaw, ' I
 mix.'   The compound, from which pills have to
 be formed.
   MASSA, Mass — m.  Carnea Jacobi Sylvii, see
 Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo-
 rans— m. de Dactylis, Paste, date — m. de Ex-
 tracto glycyrrhizae,  Pasta  glycyrrhizae, Ac.—m.
 de Gummi Arabico,  Paste, marshmallow — m. de
 Zizyphorum fructu,  Paste of jujubes.
   3IASSAGE, Shampooing.
   MASSE D'EAU,  Typha latifolia.
   MASSEMA, Mastication.
   MASSEMENT, Shampooing.
   MASSEPAINS, Biscuits, medicinal.
.   MASSES APOPHYSAIRES, see Vertebra.
   MASSESIS, Mastication.
   MASSETER, from paaaopat, 'I eat,'  Tchew.'
 ifue'cuius mandibula'rie, (¥.) Zygomato-maxil-
 laire.  A muscle  situate at the posterior part of
the cheek, and lying upon the ramus of the lower
jaw-bone.  It is long,  quadrilateral,  and is at-
tached, above, to the  inferior  edge and to the
inner surface of tbje zygomatic arch ; below; it
terminates at the angle of the jaw, and at the
outer surface and inferior margin of the ramus
of that bone.  It is composed of an intermixturo
of fleshy  and aponeurotic fibres.  Its office  is to
raise the lower jaw, and to act in mastication.
  Masseter Internus, Pterygoideus internus.
  MASSETERIC,  3Ias'seterine,  3Ias8eter'icue,
Maeseterlnue.  (F.) 3faeaStSrin, MaeeStSrique. Re-
lating or  belonging to the masseter muscle.
  MASSETERINE, Masseteric.
  Masseterine Artery arises from  the trunk
of the internal maxillary or temporalis profunda
posterior, and is distributed to the masseter mus-
cle,  after having passed, horizontally, through
the sigmoid  notch of the lower jaw-bone.
  Masseterine Nerve is  given off from the
inferior maxillary branch of the fifth pair.  It
passes through the sigmoid  notch, and is distri-
buted on the inner surface  of the masseter.  In
luxation  of  the lower jaw, this nerve is strongly
stretched, and considerable  pain, consequently,
produced.
  Masseterine Vein has the  same distribution
as the artery.  It opens into the internal maxil-
lary vein.
  MASSETERINUS, Masseteric.
  31 ASSETTE, Typha latifolia.
  MASSICOT, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
  MASSING, Shampooing.
   MASSULA, Molecule.
   MASTADENITIS, Mastitis.
   MASTALGIA, Mastodynia.
   MASTAX, Mystax.
   MASTEMA, Masticatory.
   MASTER OF THE WOODS,  Galium circse-
zans.
   MASTERWORT, Angelica atropurpurea, He-
racleum lnnatum, Imperatoria.
   MASTESIS, Mastication.
   MASTHELCOSIS, Mastodynia apostematosa.
   MASTHOS,  Mamma.
   MASTICATION, Maetica'tio, Maee'eie, Mae-
se'eie  31aaee'ma, 3taste'eie,  Manduca'tio,  Com-
manduca'tio, 3fanduca'tion, Chewing,  Chawing,
from ptaarixaw, 'I gnash the teeth.'  The action
of bruising  food in the mouth, to prepare it for
the digestion it has  to undergo  in the stomach.
This is executed by the joint action of the tongue,
cheeks, and lips, which push the alimentary sub-
 stance between the teeth; and  by the motions of
 tbe lower jaw it is cut, torn, or bruised.
   MASTICATORY,   3faeticato'rium, 3faete'ma,
 Diamaete'ma.  (¥.) 3Iaeticatoire.  Same etymon.
 Chewing.   Relating or appertaining to mastica-
 tion or chewing. Also, a substance, chewed with
 the intention of exciting the secretion of saliva.
   Masticatory Nerve, see Trigemini.
   MASTICH, see Pistacia  lentiscus — m. Herb,
 common, Thymus mastichina—m. Herb, Syrian,
 Teucrium marum—m.  Tree, Pistacia lentiscus.
   MASTICHELiEON, see Pistacia lentiscus.
   MASTICHINA GALLORUM, Thymus mas-
 tichina.
   MASTIGODEP HOMINIS, Trichocepbalus.
   MASTIGO'SIS,  Flagella'tio.  Flagellation,
 scourging;  employed by the ancients as a remedy
 in manv diseases.
   MASTITIS, 3laetdi'tis, Mastoiditis, 3tammi'-
 tis, 3fazo'i'tis, Inflamma'tio 3Iamma, Mastadeni'-
 tie, (F.) Inflammation dee  31amellee,  Mammite,
 from pao-Tos, ' the  breast,' and itie, denoting in-
 flammation.  Inflammation of tbe breast.  In-
 flammation  of the mammary  gland of the preg-
 nant or parturient female  is  vulgarly  called a
 weid or  weed, and a weed in the breast. 
MASTIX
571
MATERIA
  Mastitis  Apostematosa, Mastodynia aposte-
matosa.
  Mastitis  Puerpera'lis.  Inflammation of the
marnma in the childbed woma%.
  MASTIX, see Pistacia lentiscus*.
  M A S T O-C AR CIN 0' M A, from paaros, 'the
breast,' and carcinoma.  Carcinoma or cancer of
the breast.
  MASTO-CHONDROSIS,  from  paaros,  'the
breast,' and x°v^pos,' a cartilage.'  A cartilaginous
formation in the breast.
  MASTODES, Mastoid.
  MASTODYNTA, 3taetal'gia, 3fazodyn'ia,
from paaros, ' the breast,' and o8wn, ' pain.'  Pain
in the breasts; a form of  neuralgia.   See Neu-
ralgia mammae.
  Mastodyn'ia  Apostemato'sa,   Phleg'mone
3Iamma, 3Iaethelco'eie,  31astltie apoatemato'ea,
 Galactapo8terma,   Galactomastoparecto'ma,  Ab-
tcee'eue 3Iamma seu lac'teua, Phleg'mone Alasto-
dyn'ia, Abeceee ofi the Breast, 31am'mary Abaceae,
Milk-abace88.  Phlegmonous inflammation of the
breasts, running on to suppuration, generally in
the  childbed female.  It is one of the best ex-
amples of acute phlegmonous  inflammation, and
requires the active  use  of appropriate treatment.
   Mastodynia Polygala, Sparganosis—m. Po-
lygala, Mastospargosis.
   MASTOID, 3IaatoVdee, Maato'dee, Maato'ideue,
 Mammilla'rie, Papilli seu mammirli-forniis,Mam-
 miform'ie,  Mam'miform, (¥.)  Maatdidien,  from
 uaaros, 'a breast,' and eiSos, 'form, resemblance.'
 Having the form of a nipple.  Also, that which
 relates to the mastoid process, 3Iaetoideue.
   Mastoid Aperture:—the opening of commu-
 nication between the  cavity of the  tympanum
 and the mastoid cells.
   Mastoid Cancer.   A kind of firm carcinoma-
 tous growth, the section of which is thought to
 resemble the boiled udder of the cow.
   Mastoid Cells, Cellula Masto'idea,  Antrum
 maetdideum, 31astoid Sinuses.  These are situate
 in the mastoid process; communicate with each
 other, and open into the cavity of the tympanum.
 Their use seems to be to increase  the intensity
 of sound.
   Mastoid Foramen  is situate behind the mas-
 toid process, and gives passage to a small artery
 of  the  dura mater, as well as to a vein which
 opens into the lateral sinus.
   Mastoid Fossa, (F.). Gouttilre mastdidienne,
 is a depression at the inner surface of the mastoid
 portion  of the temporal bone, which forms part
 of the lateral sinus.
   Mastoid or Digas'tric  Groove, (F.) Rainure
 maetoldienne ou  digaetrique, is a groove, situate
 at  the  inner side of the mastoid process, which
 affords attachment to the posterior belly of the
 digastric muscle.
   Mastoid Muscle, Posterior, Splenius.
   Mastoid  or  Mam'miform  or  Mam'millary
 Process,   Procee'eue   maetdideue,   Apoph'yeis
 mammilla'ris, Pars masto'idea, is situate at tbe in-
 ferior and  posterior part of the temporal bone,
 and gives attachment to the digastric and mastoid
 muscles*
   MASTOIDEUS,Sterno-cleido-mastoideus—m.
 Lateralis, Complexus minor.
   MASTOIDITIS, Mastitis.
   MASTOtDO-CONCHlNIEN, Retrahens au-
 ris— m. GSnien, Digastricus — m. HyogSnien, Di-
 gastricus — m. Oriculaire, Retrahens auris.
   MASTOME'NIA, from paaros,' the breast,' and
 pnv, 'a month.'  Vicarious menstruation from the
 mamma.
   MASTON'CUS,  Thelon'cue,  from paaros, 'the
 breast,'  and oyKos, 'a tumour.'  A tumefaction
 of the nipple, or of the breast itself.   When the
tumour is of an adipous character it is termed
3Iaatopion'cue or 3Iaatopimelon'cue.
  Mastoncus Polygalacticus, Mastospargosis.
  MASTOPARECTAMA,   from  paaros,  "the
breast,'  and  ttaptKrapa,  ' excessive  distension.'
Immoderate distension of the mammae.
  MASTOPATHI'A,  from  paaros, 'the breast,'
and nados, ' disease.'   An affection of the breast.
  MASTOP1MELONCUS,  see Mastoncus.
  MASTOPIONCUS, see Mastoncus.
  MASTORRHAG"IA, from paaros, ' the breast,'
and pnywpi, '.to flow.'  An  unusual flow of milk.
  MASTOS, Mamma.
  MASTOSCIR'RHUS, from pacros, ' the breast,'
and eKippos, ' a  hard tumour.'  Scirrhus, or hard
cancer of the breast.
  MASTOSPARGOSIS, Mastodyn'ia polyg'ala,
Maaton'cu8 polygaluc'ticua,  from  paaros,  ' the
breast,' and  anapyaw, ' I  am full to bursting.'
Fulness of the breasts with milk, so that they are
ready to burst
  MASTOSYRINX.fis'fKZa mamma, from paaros,
' the breast,' and trvptyl;, ' a pipe.'  Fistula of the
mamma.
  MASTURBATION, Cina'dia, Gar'gale, Gar'-
galus, Gargalie'mu8, 3Iaatttpra'tio,  3Ianuatupra'-
tio, 3tanatupra'tio, from manus,  ' the hand,' and
stupro, ' I  ravish ;' Ona'nia,  On'ani8m, jEdoeo-
gargarie'mue, jEdoeogargalus, Anaplas' mus,Gau' -
dia fiaeda,  Duclio prapu'tii,  Voluntary Pollu-
tion, Self Pollution, Self-abuse, (¥.) Abus de soi-
mime, Attouchement.   Excitement of the genital
organs by the hand.
  MASTURBATOR,  3Iaetupra'tor,  Manustu-
pra'tor,  3Iascar'pio:  same etymon.   One given
to masturbation.
  MASTUS, Mamma.
  31 AT, (¥.) Dull.
  MAT SON.  A dull or flat sound.  The obscure
noise, (F.) 31atite, afforded in certain diseases when
any part, as the chest, is percussed.  It has been
compared to that produced when the thigh  is
struck.'  It is opposed to the Son clair, or ' clear
sound.'
  MATE, see Ilex Paraguensis.
  MATECO, Matico.
  MATELLA, Urinal.
  MATER, Uterus— m. Dura, Dura mater— m.
Herbarum, Artemisia vulgaris — m. Metallorum,
Hydrargyrum — m. Mollis,  Pia mater—m. Perla-
rum, see Pearl — m. Pia, Pia mater — m. Secalis,
Ergot—m. Tenuis, Pia mater.
  MATERIA,  Matter—m.  Fibrosa, Fibrin.
  Mate'ria Med'ica, Pharmacolog"ia, Pharma-
cology, Acology or Akol'ogy or Aceolog'Ha, Hyle
lalrice, Iamatolog"ia, Iamatol'ogy, (¥.) 3Iatilre
3ISdicale.  The division of medical science which
treats of the knowledge of medicines; their action
on the animal economy, and mode of administra-
tion.   The study of the Materia Medica is one of
great importance ;—it is a study of the tools with
which the practitioner  has to work  in  the cure
of disease.  Much labour has  been spent in con-
triving classifications of the Materia Medica.
Some have arranged  the  articles according  to
their natural resemblances: others according  to
their real or presumed virtues: others, according
to their active constituent principles.  The Phar-
macopoeias  place them alphabetically.  Perhaps
the best classification would be  one founded on
the agency exerted by the articles on the different
tissues ; but this arrangement, in  the present state
of science, is by no means  easy; and, moreover,
ideas in regard to the  action of medicines are
so associated with certain terms, — as narcotics,
tonics, sedatives, Ac, employed to denote certain
operations, which  they are esteemed  capable  of
producing, that, to abandon them, would be  tu
throw obstacles in the way of the  student, with- 
MATERIALISTA
572
MATRICULATE
out the ultimate advantage  accruing to him of ji of which  the doso is f 3iss, or in tincture, made
possessing a better knowledge of the modue ope- j of Jiiss of the leaves to a pint of dilute alcohol.
rawoV of medicines  than when a classification, |l    31ATIERE, Matter—m. CasSuse, Casein    ni.
somewhat resembling those usually embraced, is ' CSrSbriforme,   Encephaloid — m.  Extractive  du
adopted.                                      \\ Bouillon, Osmazome — m.  Fibreuse  du  Sang,
  The following is the classification adopted by |l Fibrin — tn. MSdicale, Materia Medica—m- de la
the Author, in his " General  Therapeutics and t 3lelanose, see Choroidea tunica — m. N>
Materia Medica, 6th edit, Philad., 1857 :—
dee
  1.  Agents that affect pro- ( Emetics,
minently the alimentary ca- < Cathartics,
nal or its contents,         ( Anthelmintics
  2.  Agents that affect pro- (
minently the respiratory or- < Expectorants.
gans,                     (.
                           f Errhines,
  3.  Agents that affect pro-  | Sialogogues,
minently the  follicular  or-{ Diuretics
glandular organs,
Antilithics,
Diaphoretics.
Narcotics,
Tetanies,
Antispasmodics.
  6.  Agents that affect va-
rious organs,
Emmenagogues,
Parturifacientsi
  4.  Agents that affect pro
minently the  nervous sys
tem,
  5.  Agents that affect pro-
minently the organs of re-
production,
                           ' Excitants,
                            Tonics,
                            Astringents,
                            Sedatives,
                            Refrigerants,
                            Revellents,
                           k Eutrophics

  7. Agents whose action " ( Antelkalies,
prominently chemical,       |^ Disinfectants,
  8. Agents whose action is j Demulcents,
prominently mechanical,    \ Diluents.
  Of old, the Materia Medica consisted of more
articles than at present.  The  tendency, indeed,
is, and must be, to  diminish it still further; to
get rid of those articles which  possess  no advan-
tages over others equally  common, or whose pro-
perties are doubtful.  In a dictionary,  it becomes
necessary to insert all that have been  reputed to
possess virtues; but the majority are unneces-
sary.  The catalogue  might be largely reduced
with impunity.
   Materia Medica, Dynamical,  Pharmacody-
 namics.
   Materia  Morbo'sa,  31. Peccane,   Mate'ries
 Morbi,  Morbid matter.  The  matter or material
 which is the cause of disease.
   Materia  Ossea, Terra  Ossea — m. Peccans,
 M. Morbosa—m. Sialina, see Saliva — m. Scyto-
 dephica,  Tannin — m.  Testacea  dentium,  see
 Tooth—m. Urinosa, Urea.
   MATERIALISTA, Druggist.
   31 A TERIA UX IM MEDIA TS, Principles, im-
 mediate.
   MATERIES, Matter—m. Morbi, Materia mor-
 bosa.
   MATHEWS PILLS,  Pilulae ex helleboro  et
 myrrha.
   MATHIEU'S VERMIFUGE, see Vermifuge.
   MA'TIAS.   The bark of  a  South American
 tree not yet determined.  It is used in its native
 country in intermittents,  and as a tonic generally.
 Its |»-incipal characteristic constituent is a bitter
 resinous  matter.  It is probably the same as the
 3Ialambo bark.
   MATI'CO, (pronounced matee'eo,) 3Iatec6, Ma-
 tica,  Yerba del Soldado, Soldiers weed or herb.
 A South American herb—Piper anguatifolium seu
 longa'tum, Stephene'ia elonga'ta, Artan'the don-
 ga'ta,  Ord. Piperaceae — which is  possessed  of
 astringent virtues, and is  used both  internally
 and externally.   It is given in infuaion made  of
 one ounce of the leaves to a pint of boiling water,
Ponmone,  Anthraeosis—m. PerlSe de Kerkring,
Antimonium diaphoreticum—m.Pulmonaire noire,
see Pulmo. ^
  31 AT ITE, see 31 a t eon.
  MATLOCK, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Mat-
lock is a village in Derbyshire, England, at which
there is a  mineral  spring of the acidulous class.
Temperature 66°.  It differs but little, except in
temperature, from good spring-water.   It is ge-
nerally used  as a tepid bath.
  MATONIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum car-
damomum.
  MATORIUM, Ammoniac, gum.
  MATRACIUM, Matrass,  Urinal.
  MATRASS,  31atra'cium.   A glass vessel with
a long neck; and a rourid, and sometimes  oval,
body.  It may be  furnished with  tubulures, or
not.  It is used in Pharmacy for distillation, di-
gestion, Ac.
   MATRES CEREBRI, Meninges.
   MATRICA1RE, Matricaria.
   MATRICA'LIS,  3Iatrica'due,  from   matrix,
matricie,  ' the uterus.'   Relating to the uterus.
   3Iatricalia are remedies for diseases  of the
uterus.
   MATRICA'RIA, from matrix, matricie, 'the
womb;'  so  called from  its reputed  virtues in
affections of that organ.  31. Parthe'nium,  Par-
the'nium febrif'ugum,Py'rethrum seu Chryeanth'-
emum parthe'nium, Argyrocha'ta,  Chrysoc'alls,
 Fever-few, Feather-few, 31other-wort, Cowthwort,
 (Sc.) Fever-fouillie, (F.) 3Iatricaire.  Nat. Ord.
 Compositae.  The flowers resemble, in their pro-
perties, chamomile  and  tansy; and, like them,
have  been esteemed tonic,  stomachic, resolvent,
 emmenagogue,  vermifuge,  Ac.   They  are not
much used.
   Matricaria, see Matricaria chamomilla.
   Matrica'RIA  Chamomil'la,  31. Suav'eolene,
 An'themie vulga'rie, Chamame'lum Vulga're, Cha-
 momil'la  noetrae, Leucan'themum  of Dioscorides,
 Wild  Corn, Dog's  Chctm'omile, German  Chamo-
 mile, (F.) Camomille vulgaire.   The flowers, 31a-
 trica'ria  (Ph.  U.  S.),  resemble  Matricaria in
 properties.
   Matrica'ria  Glabra'ta.   A  South  African
 plant, known  at the  Cape as  Wild Chamomile,
 has  the  same properties as the other species of
 matricaria.
   Matricaria Leucanthemum, Chrysanthemum
 Leucanthemum—m. Suaveolens, M. Chamomilla.
   31ATRICE, Uterus—m. Colde la, Collum uteri
 —m. de  I'Ongle, see Nail.
   MATRICULATE, from matricula, diminutive
 of matrix, matricis, 'a roll,' originally 'an army
 roll or register.'  One who is admitted into a uni-
 versity or   college, by enrolling or having his
 name enrolled on  the register of tbe  institution.'
 In  ¥rance, prendre inscription  means  'to matri-
 culate ;'  and, in the university regulations of that
 country, it is required, that the inscription shall
 be  made every three  months, until the  termina-
 tion of the prescribed period of study:  the stu-
 dent having to take  his inscription  within the
 first fortnight of each trimeetre or of every three
 months, and to  present himself within  the last
 fortnight of the trimeetre to establish  the fact of
 his attendance.
    In this country, it is only necessary to  matri-
 culate at tbe commencement of each session.
    One who has thus enrolled himself in  an insti-
 tution is called a Alatriculate. 
MATRISYLVA             5<
  MATRISYLVA, Asperula odorata.
  MATRIX, Cytoblastema, Uterus—m. Unguis,
666 ^n.il
  MAT RON A, Midwife.
  MATRONALIS, Viola.
  MATTEE, see Ilex Paraguensis.
  MATTER, 3tate'ria,  Hyle, 31ate'riee, (¥.) 31a-
tiere.  Any substance which enters into the com-
position of a body.   In  3Iedicine, it is sometimes
applied to  the  substance of evacuations;  and is
also used synonymously with pus.
  MATTING  OF PARTS, Hapantismus.
  MATULA, Urinal.
  MATURATION, Matura'tio, from  maturare,
matura'tum,  'to  ripen.'  Pepas'moe,  Pepan'eie.
Progression of an abscess towards maturity. The
state of maturity.  Coetion.
  3IATURATIF, Maturative.
   MAT'URATIVE, 3Iatu'rane, Pepanticoe, (¥.)
Maturatif.  -Same etymon.  A medicine  which
favours the maturation of an  inflammatory tu-
mour.
   MATURATUS, Concocted.
   MATU'RITY, 3Iattlritae,  Hora'otee.   Same
etymon.   The  state  of fruits  and  seeds, when
comparatively  developed.   State  of an  abscess,
in which the pus is completely  formed.
   Maturity, Precocioi 8, Precocity.
   MAUDLIN, Achillea ageratum—m.  Tansey,
Achillea ageratum — m Wort, Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum.
   MAULES, Rubeola.
   3IAUVE SAUVAGE, Malva.
   31 A UX DE NERFS, Hysteria.
   MAW,  Stomach—m. Bound, Constipated—m.
Worm. Ascaris.
   MAXILLA, Maxillary Bone.
   MAX'ILLARY,  Maxilla'rie, (¥.) 3laxillaire,
from maxilla, 'a jaw.'  Relating or belonging to
the jaws ;  from pauaaw, 'I chew.'
   Maxillary Arteries  are  three in number.
 1. External maxillary.   See Facial.  2.  Internal
maxillary — A. Gutturo-ma.cillaire  (Ch.).  This
arises  from the external carotid with the tempo-
ral.  It is  remarkable  for its complex  course,
and for the number of  branches  which it trans-
mits to the deep-seated  parts of the face.   Imme-
diately after its origin,  it buries itself  under the
neck  of the  lower jaw,  curving inwards  and
downwards. It then advances directly inwards;
proceeding in the space between  the two  ptery-
goid muscles  towards  the maxillary  tuberosity.
It turns again, becomes vertical, and ascends into
the  bottom of the zygomatic fossa, until, having
arrived at the floor of  the orbit,  it  takes a hori-
zontal and transverse direction ; enters the sphe-
nomaxillary   fossa,  and   divides  into  several
branches.   See Artery, (table.)
   Maxillary Bone, 3Iaxil'la, 3Ianilib'ula,Gam'-
 phele, Gnathue, 3Iola,  Siagon, Jawbone,  (Prov.)
 Chajfbone, Chall, Chaule, Chavel,  Chawbone, Gill,
 (¥.) 31dchoire.  A  name  given  to two  bones,
which support the teeth, and, by means of them,
are  inservient to the cutting, bruising, and tear-
ing of alimentary substances.
   Maxillary Bone, Infe'rior, Lower jaw-bone,
 Os 3Iaxilla're  inferiua, Maxil'la inferior, Hypo-
si'agon, (¥.) Os  maxillaire (Ch.), jldchoire dia-
cranienne,  is  a  symmetrical,  nearly parabolic
bone,  the middle portion of which is horizontal,
and called the  body ; and the posterior is vertical,
the  angular portions  being  termed  Rami or
branches.   These have  behind a parotidean edge,
which forms—by uniting with the base—the angle
ofi the jaw.  The branches terminate above by
two processes, separated by the eigmoid notch or
fossa; the anterior of  which is  called the coro-
noid;  the posterior, the  condyloid process or
maxillary condyle, supported by a  Cervix, Collum,
3  MAXILLO-ALVEOLI-NASAL
or Neck.  The chief parts observed on the lower
jaw are — 1. Externally,—the Sym'physis menti,
Apoph'ysie menti, Mental foramen, and the exter-
nal  oblique  line.   2.  Internally, — the Genian
apoph'ysie, the internal or 31yloid oblique lines,
and the entrance ofi the dental canal.   The lower
jaw has, also, an  alveolar edge,  which contains
alveoli for the reception of the teeth.   The lower
jaw-bone is developed by two points of ossifica-
tion, which unite at the symphysis of the chin.
It is articulated with the temporal bone and with
the  teeth.
   Maxillart Bone, Supe'rior, Upper jaw-bone,
3Iaxilla superior seu syncra'nia, Oa  maxilla're
aupe'riua, (P.) Oa  eue-maxillaire (Ch.), 31achoire
eyncranienne.  The  upper jaw-bones  are to the
face what the sphenoid bone is to the cranium.
They are articulated with all the portions com-
posing it.  They  determine, almost  alone,  the
shape of the face, and give it solidity.   Their size
is considerable; form unequal.   They occupy the
middle and anterior part of the face; and enter
into the composition of  the nasal fossae, orbit,
 and mouth.   The chief parts observable in th9
 upper jaw are — 1. Externally, — the Naaal pro-
 ceaa, Proceaaue na8a'lie seu  fironta'lie seu aacen'-
 dene,  (¥.) Apophyae montante,  the euperior or
 or'bital  eurface,  Sitperfic"iea orbita'lie, Planum
 orbita'le, which forms almost the entire floor of
 the orbit, the Fora'men infra-orbita'rium, Zygo-
 matic proceaa, Canine or 3Iyr'tifiorm foeea.  2.
 Internally,—the Palatine proceas, Ante'rior pala-
 tine canal, and the Antrum of Highmore.   Its cir-
 cumference is very  unequal, and it has behind a
 round, unequal prominence, called the 31axillary
 tuberosity, which is pierced  by the posterior den-
 tal  canal.  Anteriorly, there is  a notch, which
 forms part of the anterior aperture  of the nasal
 fossae, and beneath,  an eminence, called the ante-
 rior nasal spine.   The lower part of this circum-
 ference  forms the alveolar  margin.   Each supe-
 rior maxillary bone is  articulated with the  eth-
 moid, frontal, nasal, lachrymal, palatine, inferior
 spongy, vomer, its fellow, the teeth of the upper
 jaw, and sometimes the sphenoid  bone.   It  is
 developed by four or five points of ossification.
   Maxillary Nerves are two in number, and
 formed of the second and  third branches of the
 fifth pair.  The  Superior  Maxillary Nerve,
 Nerf sus-maxillaire  (Ch.), arises from  the middle
 of the  gangliform enlargement of the fifth pair;
 passes  forwards,  and issues from the  cranium
 through  the foramen  rotundura of tho sphenoid
 bone; enters the spheno-maxillary  fossa, which
 it  crosses horizontally;  passes  into  the infra-
 orbitar canal, which it  traverses; and makes its
 exit to vanish on  the cheek.  It gives off the fol-
 lowing branches, — the orbitar, a branch which
 goes to the spheno-palatine ganglion; posterior
 dental branches;  the anterior dental, — and ter-
 minates  in the infra-orbitar nerves, which are
 divided into superior, inferior, and internal.   The
 inferior maxillary nerve, Nerf maxillaire (Ch.),
 is the largest of the three branches furnished by
 the fifth pair.  It issues from the cranium by the
 foramen ovale of  the sphenoid.   Having reached
 the zygomatic fossa, it divides into two trunks;
 the one euperior  and external, which gives  off
 the temporalee profundi,  masseterine, buccaLand
 pterygoids;—the other—inferior and internal—
 the larger of the two, which furnishes the inferior
 dental, lingual, and auricular.
   Maxillary Veins present the same arrange-
 ment as the  arteries they accompany.
   MAXILLO-AL VEOLI-NASAL.  Depressor
j alae nasi — m. Labial, Depressor anguli oris—m.
j Narinal, Compressor naris—m. PalpSbral, Orbi-
| cularis palpebrarum — m. SclSroticien, Obliquui
1 inferior oculi. 
MAY  APPLE             574                MEDIAN
  MAY APPLE, Podophyllum peltatum—m. a.
Mountain, Podophyllum  montanum—m. Flower,
Anthemis cotula—m. Weed, Anthemis cotula.
4 MAYELLA, Curcuma longa.
  MAYNARDS  ADHESIVE LIQUID,  Collo-
dion.
  MAYS, Zea mays — m. Americana, Zea mays
—m. Zea, Zea mays.
  MAYWORM, TRUE,  Meloe majalis.
  MAYZ, Zea mays.
  MAZA, Mass, Placenta.
  MAZALYSIS, Mazolysis.
  MA'ZICUS, from maza,  'placenta.'  Relating
to the placenta.
  MAZISCH'ESIS, from maza, 'the placenta,'
and axtets, ' holding,'' retention.'  Retention of
the placenta.
  MAZODYNIA, Mastodynia.
  MAZOITIS, Mastitis.
  MAZOL'YSIS,  Mazal'yeie, from maza, 'pla-
centa,' and Auirty, 'solution.'  Separation  of the
placenta.
  MAZOPATHI'A, from maza, 'placenta,' and
wados, 'disease.'  A disease of the placenta.  One
originating from the placenta.
  MAZOS, Mamma.
  MEAD, Hydromeli, Melizomum.
  MEADOW  BLOOM,  Ranunculus  acris — m.
Fern, Comptonia asplenifolia—m.  Pride, see Ca-
lumba,—m. Rue, Thalictron—m. Saffron, Vinegar
of, Acetum colchici—m. Sweet, Gillenia trifoliata,
 Spiraea ulmaria—m.  Sweet, American, Spiraea
lobata—m. Sweet, red, Spiraea tomentosa.
  MEALY TREE, Viburnum dentatum.
                          MEASLES, Rubeo-
                        la—m. Black, see Ru-
                        beola—m.' False, Rose-
                        olae—m. French, Rose-
                        olae.
                          MEASLINGS,  Ru-
                        beola.
                          MEASLY, Morbil-
                        lous.
                          MEASURE,  GRA-
                        DUATED.    A  glass
                        measure, used in phar-
                        macy, which  is so di-
                        vided  as to indicate ac-
                        curately the quantities
                        in  dispensing  liquid
                        medicines.
                          MEASUREMENT,
                        Mensuration.
   MEASURES, see Weights and Measures.
   MEASURING,  MEDICAL, Mensuration.
   MEAT BISCUIT, see Biscuit, meat.
   MEAT, EXTRACTIVE OF, Osmazome.
   3IEAT, Meatus.
   MEATUS, Ductus, Cana'lie, Porue, (F.) MSat,
 from meo, meatum, 'to go.'  A passage or  canal.
   Meatus Auditorius  Externus, Auditory ca-
 nal, external — m. Auditorius internus, Auditory
 canal, internal—m. Caecus, Eustachian tube—m.
 Cuticulares, Pori cutanei — m.  Cysticus,  Cystic
 duct—m. Narium, see Nasal fossae—m. Seminales
 uteri,  Tubae  Fallopianae—m. Seminarius,  Corpus
 Highmori—m. Urinarius, Urethra.
   MECHAMECK, Convolvulus panduratus—m.
 Bindweed, Convolvulus panduratus.
   MECHANE, Machine..
   MECHANEMA, Machine.
   MECHAN'ICAL,  3Iechan'icue, from unxavri>
 'a machine.'   An epithet given  to irritating^ &*-
dies, which do not act chymically—as a mechani-
 cal irritant.
from
 juice,
3Iecon,
Four-ounce Glass Measure.
   Mfchanical or Iatro-mathematical Physi-
 cians, Id'tro-mechailici  seu  la'tromuthemafici,
 are such as refer every function, healthy or mor-
 bid, to mechanical or mathematical principles;—
 3Iedici'na mechan'ica.
   MECHANIC'S, AN'IMAL.  That part of phy-
 siology whose objects are to investigate the laws
 of equilibrium and motion of  the animal body,
   MECH'ANISM, Mechaniem'ue.   The structure
 of a body; the  collection or aggregate of  the
 parts of a machine; the mode in which  forces
 produce any effect, Ac.
   31ECHE, Tent.  This term is usually applied
 in French surgery to a collection  of threads of
 charpie, cotton or raw silk, united together, which
 are used for deterging sinuous or fistulous ulcers;
 or to keep open or  enlarge natural or  artificial
 apertures.   They are generally applied by means
 of an instrument called Porte-mlche.
   MECHOACANA NIGRA,  Convolvulus jalapa
 —m. Nigricans, Convolvulus jalapa.
   MECHOACAN^E  RADIX, Convolvulus me-
 choacan.
   MECHOACAN DU  CANADA,  Phytolacca
 decandra.
   MECOM'ETER, (F.)  MScomltre;  from pnxos,
 'length,' and  ittrpov, 'measure.'  A kind of gra-
 duated compass,—compae de proportion,—used at
 the Hospice de Maternity of Paris, to  measure
 the length of new-born infants.
   MECON, Meconium, Opium, Papaver.
   MECONICUM, Opiate.
   MECONIS'MUS,  Intoxica'tio  opia'ca;
 pnKwv, 'the poppy.'  Poisoning by opium.
   MECO'NIUM, same  etymon.   Poppy
 Papaver'culum,  Purgamen'ta  Infiantie,
 The excrement  passed  by the infant a short
 time after birth, which had accumulated  in the
 intestines during pregnancy.   It is of a greenish
 or deep black colour, and very viscid.  It seems
 formed of the mucous secretions of the intestines
 mixed with bile.
   MECONOLOG"IA, Opiolog'Ha; from  pnxwv,
 ' a poppy,' and Xoyos, ' a description.'  A treatise
 on opium.
   MECONOPSIS DIPHYLLA, Stylophorum di-
 phyllum.
   MEDCINARE, Doctor.
   MEDEA, Genital organs.
   3IEDECIN,  Physician — m. Coneultant, Con-
 sulting physician—m. de Fous, see Psycbiatria.
   3IEDECINE, Medicina—m. Expectante, Ex-
 pectation—m. LSgale, Medicine, legal—m. Mili-
 taire, Military medicine—m. OpSratoire, Surgery,
 operative—*m.  Perturbatrice, Perturbatrix (Me-
 dicina.)
   MEDELA, Curation.
   MEDE'NI.   A term  used  by  Paracelsus for
 cutaneous ulcerations like those of boils.
   MEDEOLA VERTICILLIFOLIA, M.  Virgi-
 nica.
   Mede'ola Virgin'ica, 31. verticillifio'lia, Gy-
 ro'mia  Virgin'ica,  Indian  cu'eumber.   Order,
 Smilaceae.  An indigenous herb, growing in every
 part of the United Spates, the root of which re-
 sembles a small cucumber.  It has been thought
 to be diuretic.
   MEDIAN, 3Iedia'nue; from medium, 'the mid*
 die.'  That which is situate in the middle.
   Median Line.  A vertical  line, supposed  to
H divide a body longitudinally into two equal parts;
 the one right, the other left.  Chaussier calls the
j linea alba the ligne mSdiane of the abdomen.
   Median  Nerve, 3ISdian digital, (Ch.)  This
, nerve arises chiefly from the anterior branches of 
MEDIANUM
575
MEDICINAL
 tho last two cervical nerves and first dorsal.  The
 fifth and sixth cervical pairs also send it a branch,
 which  separates  from  the musculo-cutaneous
 nerve.  The median nerve  descends  the mner
 part of the arm along the biceps muscle.  Op-
 posite the  elbow joint it  buries itself  behind
 the aponeurosis of that muscle, and engages  it-
 self between  the two fasciculi  of  the pronator
 teres.   Lower  down, it  is  situate  between  the
 flexors—sublimis and profundus — and  passes,
 with  their tendons,  under the anterior  annular
 ligament;  it  then  divides  into five  branches,
 which are distributed to the muscles of the the-
 nar eminence, to the lumbricales, the integuments
 of the thumb, the index, middle  finger, and outer
 part  of the ring finger.  This nerve gives  no
 branches to the arm.  In the forearm, it furnishes
 filaments  to all the pronator and flexor muscles;
 and one of them accompanies the anterior inter-
 osseous artery.  It also gives off a filament to the
 integuments of the palm of the  hand.
  Median Veins.  Three of the superficial veins
 of the forearm are so called.  The median baeilic
 —the median  cephalic and common median or fu-
 nis brachii.  See Basilic and Cephalic
  MEDIANUM, Mediastinum, Mesentery.
  MEDIASTINAL, -Mediastina'lie,  (¥.) MS-
 diastin.   Relating to the Mediastinum.
  Mediastinal Arteries are very delicate arte-
 rial  branches, distributed in the areolar texture
 of  the mediastinum.   They are  distinguished,
 according  to  their situation, into  anterior and
 posterior.
  MEDIASTINITIS, Mesodmitis.
  MEDIASTI'NUM, Mediaeti'nua, quasi, in me-
 dio etane, as being in the middle ; Mesod'me, Me-
 dia'num,  Mesotce' chium, 3Ieaotoe' chum,  Septum
 thora'cia,  Hymen Diaphrat'ton, Membra'na Dia-
 phratton  sou  thora'cem dntereep'iens,  Interaepi-
 men'tum thora'cis, Diribito'rium, Dissipimen'tum
 thora'cie,  (¥.)  3ISdiastin.  A membranous space
 formed by  the approximation  of  the  pleurae,
 dividing the chest into  two  parts, the  one right,
 the other left.  The mediastinum, formed by a
 double reflection of the pleura, extends from the
 spine to the posterior surface of the sternum.  Its
 anterior part,  called Anterior mediaetinum, 3Ie-
 diastinum pectora'le, lodges, at its upper part, the
 thymus gland in  the foetus, and is filled below
 with  fatty, areolar  tissue.  Its posterior part,
 parallel to the  spine, is occupied by the oesopha-
 gus, vena azygos, thoracic duct, the lower part
 of the windpipe, the  origin of the bronchia and a
 number of lymphatic glands.  This part is called
 the posterior mediaetinum—Mediaatinum dorea'le.
  By some anatomists, Mediastinum  is  defined to
 be the pleural walls of the  membranous space,
 whilst  the  space itself is  termed  Cavum me-
 diaetlni.
  Mediastinum Auris, see Tympanum — m. Ce-
 rebri, Fall cerebri, Septum lueidum — m. Testis,
 Corpus Highmori.
    EDIASTINUS,  Mediastinum.
    EDICABILIS, Curable.
  MEDICABLE, Curable.
  MED'ICjE.  Sworn midwives, whose duty it
 was, of old,  to inspect women in cases of suspect-
 ed pregnancy.
  MED'ICAL,  Medica'lie,  Pdt'ricue,  Paon'iue,
 Paon'icue,  Phye'ical (of old), Eacula'pian, (¥.)
 3ISdical.  Same etymon  as Medicament.  Apper-
 taining or relating to medicine or to medicines.
  Medical Jurisprudence,  Medicine,  legal—m.
 Man, Surgeon-Apothecary.
  MEDICALIS, Medical.
  MED'ICAMENT, 3Iedicamen'tum, Remed'ium,
Ace'sie, Aces'ma, Acee'tium, Acee'tye, Althoe, Hy-
giaa'ma, Ta'ma, Acoe, Medica'men, Phar'macum,
Pkarmaceu'ma,  Alkar,   Atixilium,  Boithe'ma,
3Ied'idne, (old E.)  3Iedaine; Phyaic, Rem'edy,
Rem'etic, (¥.) Remlde; from medicor, medicatus,
' to cure or heal.'   A medicine.  Any substance
exhibited with the  view of curing or allaying
morbid action.  Medicines are obtained from the
three kingdoms of nature, and are divided into
internal and external, according as they are ad-
ministered internally or applied externally.
   In common language, medicine is often called
Stuff, Doctore' etuff,  and, in the Southern States,
 Truck.
   MEDICAMENT AL, Medicinal.
   MEDICAMENTOSUS  LAPIS,  Medic"inal
etone, (¥.) Pierre  mSdicamenteuae.   A name for-
merly given to a mixture  of peroxyd of iron, li-
tharge,  alum,  nitre, eal ammoniac, and vinegar;
evaporated  and calcined  at  a red heat for an
hour.   The product was regarded as eminently
astringent.
   MEDICAMENTUM, Drug —m.  ex  Palmulis,
Diaphoenicon.
   MEDICASTER,  3Iedicaetra.   An  ignorant
practitioner.   A charlatan.
   MEDICATION, 31edica'tio.  Same etymon aa
Medicament.  The change in the animal economy
produced by the operation of remedies.  Treat-
ment by medicine.  The  act  of  impregnating
with some medicine.
   3IEDICATI0NHYPODER3IIQUE, see Hy-
podermic
   MEDICATRTNA, Iatrion.
   MEDICATRIX, same  etymon.   'Having the
power of healing.'  A female practitioner.
   MEDICI'NA, Are med'ica seu 3Iacha'6'nia sen
31acha'6n'ica,  Res  medica,   lat'rice,   Iate'ria,
Idtri'a, latrine, Paoe'yne, Paon'ice,  Iatrotech'-
nice, Aceeto'ria, Scien'tia med'ica seu medendi,
Sote'ria doctrlna, 3Ied'icine,  (old E.) 3Iedeine,
 The healing'art, Leech  craft, Physic, (¥.) 31Sde-
cine.  Same  etymon.  A science, the object of
which is the cure of  disease and the preservation
of health.  Occasionally, it is used to comprehend
all the branches of the healing art; at others to
comprise  one  great division, in contradistinction
to eurgery and obstetrics.  Medicine, in this sense,
includes many branches ;—the  chief of which are,
Anatomy, Physiology,  Pathology,  Therapeutics,
Hygiene, Materia Medica, and Pharmacy.
   Medicina  Conservativa, Hygiene—m. Diaet-
etica, Dietetics — m. Diasostica,  Hygiene — m.
Eclectica, see  Eclectic—m. Efficax, Surgery—m.
Equaria, Hippiatria—m. Euectica, Gymnastics—
m. Forensis,  Medicine, legal — m.  Gymnastica,
Gymnastics — m. Hermetica, see Spagyrists — m.
Judiciaria, Medicine, legal—m. Mechanica, Kine-
sipathy, see Mechanical—m. Methodica, see Me-
thodists— m. Militaris, Military  medicine—m.
Operativa, Surgery — m. Paracelsistica, see  Spa-
gyrists — m. Perturbatrix, see  Perturbatrix — m.
Politica, Police, medical — m. Politico-forensis,
Medicine, state — m. Publica, Medicine, state —
m. Sinica, Chinese  medicine—m. Spagyrica,  Chy<
miatria; see  Spagyrists—m. State, Police, medi-
cal— m. Tristitiae, Crocus—m. Veterinaria, Vete-
rinary art.
  MEDICINABLE, Medicinal.
  MEDICINAL,  3Iedicina'lie, 31edicament-^l,
Medic"inable, 3Ied'ical, later'iue, Reme'dial, Re-
mediate, (¥.)  3ISdicinal, 3ISdicamenteux.  Same
etymon.  Having a remedial power; — as medi-
cinal plante, Ac.  Relating to medicine, as
  Medic"inal Days, Medicina'lee  Dies.  Days
on which  the  ancients  considered that remedies
might be administered; and especially evacuants.
Such days were not esteemed critical.
  Medicinal Hours.  Times at which—the sto-
mach  being freed  from its digestive  actions —
medicine, it was thought, could be most  advan-
tageously administered, as in the  morning  fast- 
MEDICINE                576             MEDULLARY
ing, an hour before dinner, some hours  after it,
and at bedtime.
  MEDICINE, Medicament, Medicina.
  Medicine is, also, used in the  same  sense as
Medicament, and for a purging potion.
   To Medicine was formerly used for "to restore
or cure by medicine."
  Medicine Chest, Pharmacotheca.
  Medicine, Clinical, see  Clinical — m. Eclec-
tic, see Eclectic — m.  Empirical, Arcanum — m.
Galetlic, Galenism.
   Medicine, Legal, 3Iedical jurisprudence of
some, Law or Foren'eic  medicinef, Medicina fio-
ren'de seu judicia'ria, Diciatri'a, (¥.) 3ISdecine
ISgale.  The application of medical knowledge to
the  solution of every question connected with
the preservation of the species, and the adminis-
tration of justice.
   Medicine, Patent, see Patent medicine — m.
Political, Police, medical—m. Quack, Arcanum.
   Medicine Stamp, Cachet.
   Medicine, State, 3Iedici'na pub'Hca  seu poli-
 tico-foren'aie.   The  medical knowledge, brought
to bear on  state objects, as on public  hygiene,
 and  matters  appertaining  to medical  jurispru-
 (1.61106.
   MEDICINAR, Doctor.
   MEDICINIER  CATHARTIQUE,  Jatropha
 curcas.
   MED'ICO- CHIRURG"ICAL,  3Ied'ico-0hi-
 rur'gicua.  Relating or appertaining to  medicine
 and surgery :—as ' medico-chirurgical society.'
   Medico-Chirurgical  Anatomy, see Anatomy.
   MEDICO-LEGAL,  3Ied'ico-lega'lie.   Relating
 to legal  medicine; as 'a  medico-legal inquiry,
 Inqtiiail'io medico-lego!lie — 'a medico-legal in-
 spection,' Inapec'tio med'ico-lega'lie.
   MEDICO-STATISTICAL, see  Statistics, me-
 dical.
   MEDICUS, Doctor, Physician — m. Equarius,
 Hippiater — m. Ocularis, Oculist — m.  Ophthal-
 micus, Oculist — m. Unguentarius, Iatraleptes —
 m. Veterinarius, Hippiater — m. Vulnerarius, see
 Deligation—m. Vulnerum,  Surgeon.
   MEDIM'NUS, 3tedim'noe,ptStftvos. An ancient
 measure, capable of containing about 4 pecks and
 6 pints.
   MEDINOGORDIUS,  Dracunculus.
   MEDITULLIUM, Diploe.
   MEDIUM  MUSCULI, see Muscle — m. Ven-
 tris, Umbilicus.
   MEDIUS,  Middle, Median.
   Me'dius Dig"itus, Middle Finger, (F.) Doigt
 du Milieu, is  between the index and ring finger.
   MEDLAR. Mespilus.
   MEDSIXE, Medicament, Medicina.
   MEDO, Hvdromeli.
   MED0BLENN0RRHC3A, Leucorrhoea.
   MEDORRHOZA. Gonorrhcea—m. Feminarum
 insons, Leucorrhoea—m. Virilis, Gonorrhoea.
   MEDULLA, Marrow — m. Cerebri,  see Cere-
 brum — m. Dorsalis, M. Spinalis — m. Dorsualis,
 M. Spinalis—m. Nervorum, Neurine.
   Medul'la Oblonga'ta,  Oblong medulla, Cer'-
 ebral profit'berance, Nervoue ayetem ofi the sensea,
 (Gall),  Cer'ebrum elonga'tum, (¥.)  MSeocephale,
 Moelle allongSe, 3ISsencSphale, (Ch.)   The medul-
 lary substance that lies  within the cranium upon
 the basilary process of the  occipital bone.   The
 anterior surface which  rests  in  the basilary
 groove, is impressed by the basilary artery.  At
 the upper extremity,  and on its posterior surface
 are  the  Tubercula quadrigemina.  At the  same
 extremity, the  medulla  gives rise to two prolon-
 gations, the pedunclee ofi the brain, separated from
 each other by the mammillary  eminences, and
 becoming lost in the optic thalami.  The lower
 extremity is  called tbe  tail or Rachid'ian bulb,
  Bulbue medulla apina'lie seu rachid'icue,  (¥.)
Bulbe rachidien, and is continuous with the me-
dulla spinalis.   It is to this  part  only that some
anaty)mists apply the name 31edulla oblongata.
From the posterior angles two other prolongations
arise,  called Pedunclee of the cerebellum.  The
medulla oblongata has several eminences — the
Pone varolii, Corpora pyramidalia,  C.  olivaria,
Ac.—and  it has a longitudinal fissure before, and
another behind, called the anterior and  poaterior
median  fissures.  The  vesicular  neurine  in the
centre  of  the  medulla is the  nervous  centre of
respiration and  deglutition: hence  it  has been
called centrum vitu'le.
  Medulla  Ossium, Marrow — m. Spinae,  M.
spinalis.
  Medul'la Spina'lis seu Spina seu  doreua'lie
seu vertebralis seu dorsa'lia, Corda   apina'lie,
Funia  argen'teua, Rhache'trum, My'elue, M. rha-
ehi'tee seu notia'ue  seu  dianche'niue seu peoi'tee,
3Iy'elon, Notomy'elue, Rhachi'tee, uEon, Procee'-
sus rachidia'nue, Sacra fie'tula, Spinal prolonga-
tion, Ver'tebral marrow,  Spinal cord or marrow,
Nervoue eyatem ofi voluntary  motion and tactile
impression (Gall),  (F.)  3Ioelle Spinilre,  31oelle
vertSbrale, called by Ch., Prolongement rachidien
of the encephalon, is the continuation of the me-
dulla oblongata.  It commences  at the foramen
magnum  of the "occipital bone, and descends  in
the vertebral canal  as  low as  the 2d lumbar ver-
tebra, without filling it; presenting, in  its course,
several evident enlargements.   It is grooved on
both its anterior and posterior surfaces by a fur-
row, which divides it, in its  whole length, into
two great nervous  cords, intimately united with
each  other.  It terminates  by an oval tubercle,
whence a number of nerves set out called Cauda
equina, (F.)  Queue de  cheval, from  its  resem-
blance to a horse's tail.  The  spinal marrow has
no analogy, as regards  its structure, with the
marrow of long bones.   It is  formed of two sub-
stances:  one  white, the  other gray,'presenting
an inverse arrangement to that which  they-have
in the brain, the white  being  external, the cine-
ritious  at the  centre, Subttan'tia  gri'sea centra'-
 lie.   It is enveloped by a yellowish, fibrous mem-
 brane, very resisting, which seems to be continued
insensibly from the  pia  mater, and  by two other
 membranes, which  are  merely prolongations  of
 the arachnoid and dura mater.  See Nerve.
   Medulla Vertebralis.  M. spinalis.
   MEDULLA. Sperm.
   MED'ULLARY, 3Iedul!a'rie, (¥.) MSdullaire,
 from medulla, ' marrow.'  Relating to the marrow,
 or analogous to marrow.
   Medullary Ar'teries.   The arteries, which
 enter bones and pass to the marrow.
   Medullary  Canal,  see Canal,  medullary —
 m. Cells, see  Medullary Membrane — m. Juice,
 Marrow—m. Matter of the brain, see Cerebrum.
   Medullary Membrane,Perioe'teunLInter'nurn,
 Endoa'teum.  Avascular, areolar web  of extreme
 tenuity, which envelops the marrow and lines  the
 inner surface of the medullary canal of thejong
 bones.  This membrane has  been considered  aa
 a species  of internal periosteum of those bones.
 It has numerous vessels, which  bury  themselves
 in the thickness of the marrow; and others which
 nourish  the innermost plates of the bone.  The
 cells formed  by it are termed Cellula seu Sac'-
 culi medutla'ree.
    Medullary Neurine, see Neurine — m. Sar-
 coma,  Encephaloid, Haematodes  fungus.
    Medullary Substance of the  Kidney,  see
 Kidney—m. s. of Schwann, see Nerve-fibre.
    Medullary System.  Bichat gives this name
 to the marrow and its membranes.  He distin-
 guishes  two  species of medullary  systems;  the
 one occupies the cellular tissue at the  extremitiee
 of the long bones and  that of the  flat and short 
MEDULLITIS              577          MELANAGOGUE
 bones; the other is found  merely in  the central
 canal of long bones.
   Medullary Tumour  of the Lungs, Phthisis,
 cancerous.
   MEDULLITIS, Myelitis.  M. Gerdy uses 3IS-
 dullite for inflammation  of the marrow of bones,
 Oateomyelltia. — Myelitie  being usually appro-
 priated to inflammation  of the spinal marrow.
   MEERAN, Daucus carota.
   MEGALANTHROPOGEN'ESIS,  from  ptyas,
 fityaXn,  'great,'  avSpwiros,  'man,'  and  ytvtots,
 ' birth.'   A  term used  by a French  physician,
 named Robert, to designate the art of procreating
 great men;  men of  mind ; men of genius.  He
 considered that  they may  be  perpetuated  by
 always taking care to have talented  men united
 to clever women !
   MEGALOCAR'DIA, from ptyas,ptyaXn,'great,'
 and Kapiia, ' heart.'   The state  of having a very
 large heart.
   MEGALOCOZLIA, Intestine, great,  Mcgalo-
 splanchnia.
   MEGALOMEL'IA, from ptyas, ptyaXn, 'great,'
 and ptXos, ' a limb.'   A monstrosity characterized
 by very large limbs.
   MEGALOPHO'NIA,  from ptyas,  ptyaXn,
 'great,'  and  tpwvn,  'voice.'   The condition  of
 having a full, strong voice.
   MEGALOPHTHAL'MUS, from ptyas, ptyaXn,
 •great,'  and oipdaXuos, 'eye.'   A congenital de-
 formity, in which the eye is inordinately large.
   MEGALOPUS, Macropodus.
   MEGALOSPLANCH'NUS, from ptyas, ptyaXn,
 'great,' and trirXayxvov, 'a viscus.' Megalocce'lia.
 Hippocrates applies the epithet to those in whom
 a viscus, or the viscera, are  tumid.   Some have
 used the substantive 3Iegaloeplanch'nia  for the
 tumour itself.
   MEGALQSPLENIA,  Splenoncus.
   MEGETHOS, Stature.
   MEGRIM, Hemicrania,
   MEIBO'MIUS, GLANDS  OF, Fol'liclea of 31.,
 Palpebral  or Ciliary  Fol'liclea,  Glandula ae-
 ba'cea  cilia'ree  seu  Meibomia'na,  Inteatin'ula
 3leibo'mii, Lacu'na palpebra'rum, (F.) Follicules
 palpSbraux ou ciliairea, Glandee  de  3Ieibomiue.
 Small,  sebaceous  follicles, called after Henry
 Meibomius, although  known  long before his de-
 scription  of  them.   They  are situate in special
 grooves in the tarsal  cartilages; and  are ranged
 by the side of each other, in the form of yellowish,
 parallel, and vertical lines;  sometimes straight,
 at others, tortuous.   They may be seen at the
 inner surface of the eyelids, through the conjunc-
 tiva,  and  secrete a  sebaceous humour, called
 Lippitn'do, Gum, (¥.) Chaeeie.
   MEIOSIS, Meo'eie, 3Iio'sia,  Imminu'tio, 3Ii-
 nnthe'ei8, 3Iinitho'eia, from ptiow, ' I lessen.' The
 period of a disease, in which the symptoms begin
 to diminish; — the  decline.   Remission.  Also,
 idiotism.
   MEIUROS, Decurtatus, Myurus.
   MEKILWORT, Atropa belladonna.
   MEL, 3Ieli,  Nillacnm, Honey, (F.) Mi el  A
 substance of a muco-saccharine  nature, prepared
 by the  Apia mellif'ica,  or common  bee, which
 collects it from the nectaries  of  flowers.  Honey
 is employed as aliment, condiment, and medicine.
 It is demulcent and aperient; and is  prescribed
 as an adjunct to gargles  in cynanche tonsillaris,
 Ac.   It is, at times, used as a detergent to foul
 ulcers.   Virgin  Honey,  3Iel  vir'ginum seu vir-
gin''eum,  (¥.)  Miel  vierge, is  that which  flows
from  the wax spontaneously.
   Hill's Balsam of Honey is formed of balsam
ofi tolu. Ibj, honey, Ibj, rectified epirit,  one gallon.
It was long a celebrated empirical pectoral.
  Honey Water is   a mixture  of essences co-
loured with saffron.   A little  honey is added  to
      37
communicate a clamminess;  the effect of which
is to make it retain the scent the  longer.  It is
used as a scent.
  Mel Acetatum,  Oxymel — m.  JEgyptiacum,
iEgyptiacum — m. Aerium, Fraxinus ornus — m.
Arundinaceum, Saccharum.
  Mel Bora'cis, 31. eubbora'cie ien boraxa'tum,
Colluto'rinm adstrin'gens, Linimen'tum de Bortlci
seu ad aphthae, Linctus de Bora'ce seu ad aph-
thae, Honey  ofi Borax,  3Iellite de borax, Mid
boratS.  (Boracie contrit. Jj, mellis despumafi  Jj,
Ph.  L.)   Detergent.  Applied to  the mouth  in
aphthous affections.
  Mel Cannae, Saccharum (non purificatum)—
m. Coctum,  Pelicide.
  Mel Despuma'tum, 31. Depura'tum, Clar'ified
Honey, Anaphrom'eli,  (¥.) 3tiel ClarifiS ou  de-
spumS  ou dSpurS, 31ellite  simple, Sirop de miel.
Melt tbe honey in a water-bath, and remove the
scum.   Uses the same as honey.
  Mel Ros.fi,  31. rosa'tttm, flelli'tum de Rosis,
Rhodom'eli, Rhodostac'ton, Honey  of Roses, (¥.)
3Iiel rosat, 3Iel/ite de Rosea.  (Rosa gallic. Jij,
aqua bullient. f Jxij, mellis despum. f Jxx.  Ma-
cerate  the roses in f J viij of boiling water for four
hours; press out as much fluid  as possible and
set aside.  Macerate the residue  in f Jiv of boil-
ing  water for half an  hour,  and again express.
Reserve  fjiv of the first infusion; mix  the  re-
mainder with the infusion last obtained; add the
honey, and evaporate to a pint.  Lastly, add the
reserved infusion, and strain.  Ph. U. S.)  As-
tringent and detergent.   Used chiefly in  gargles
and  washes  for aphthae, Ac
  ' Mel Scillae, Oxymel  scillae — m. Scillae com-
positum, Syrupus scillae compositus.
  Mel Vinosum,  GSnomel — m. Virginum,  see
Mel.
  MELjE'NA, 31elanorrhag"ia, Mdanorrhag"ia,
Mela'no-diarrhiv'a, Ic'terue niger,  3Ielanch/o'rue,
Melanic'tenia, Melna Ic'ter ita,  3Ielaniam'na, 3lor-
bna niger seu  niger Hippoc'ratie,  Enterorrhce'a,
Black  Jaundice,  (¥.) 31elena,  3ISllue,  MSlae-
ictlre,  3Ialadie noire, 3ISHne, Ictlre noire ; from
utXas. ptXavos,  ' black.'  A name  given to vomit-
ing  of black  matter,  ordinarily  succeeded  by
evacuations  of the same character.  It seems  to
be often a variety of haematemesis.  The Black
Vomit  in yellow fever is owing to a morbid secre-
tion  from the lining membrane  of the stomach
and small intestines mixed with blood. Melaena
also  signifies hemorrhage from  the  intestines;
Fluxua aple'nicua, Dyaenter'ia eple'nica,   Dejec-
tio'nee  nigra, Secee'eue niger, Hem'orrhage from
the Intea'tinea.
  MeljE.na  Fungosa Carcinodes, Haematodes
fungus.
  MELuENODIARRHOM. Melaena.
  MEL^INOGO'GUS, from ptXas, ptXavos, 'black,'
and ayw, 'I drive away.'  A medicine believed to
be capable of expelling atrabilis or ' black bil" '
  MEL^ENORRHAGIA, Melaena.
  3IELAINE, see Choroidea tunica.
  MELALEU'CA  CAJAPUTI, M.  3Tinor sen
Leucoden'dron, Myrtue  Leucaden'dron,  Lepto-
apermum Leucaden'drum.   Ord. Myrtaceae.  This
plant affords the Cajeput Oil,  (see Caieput) The
leaves  are esteemed  diuretic, stomachic, and em-
menagogue.  ,
  Melaleuca Leucodendron,  M. Cajaputi —
m. Minor. M. Cajaputi.
  MELAMPHO'NUS, from ptXas, 'obscure,' and
$wvn, ' voice.' Having a hoarse or indistinct voice.
  MELAMPHYLLUM, Acanthus mollis.
  MELAMPODE, Helleborus niger.
  MELAMPODIUM. Helleborus niger.
  MELANOMA,  Suffocation.
  MELAN^iMIA, Venosity.
  MEL'ANAGOGUE, Melanago'gue, from utXat, 
MELANCHLORUS          578           MELEGUETTA
euXavos, 'black,' and ayw, T expel.'  A medicine |
which the ancients believed adapted for expelling
black bile or melancholy.
  MEL.ANCHLO'RUS, from  ptXas, ptXavos,
' black,' and xAwpos, ' green.'  The ancients gave
this name to certain dark-coloured topical reme-
dies.  See Melaena.
  MELANCHOLE, Atrabilis.
  MELANCHOLIA, Melancholy —m. Autochi-
rica, Suicide — m. Errabunda,  Cuttubuth,  Kutu-
buth—m. Flatuosa, Hypochondriasis—m. Hypo-
ehondriaea, Hypochondriasis—m.  Nervea, Hypo-
chondriasis — m. Pleonectica,  see  Pleonectica
— m. Saltans,  Chorea—m. Suicidium, Suicide
— m. Uterina, Nymphomania — m. Zoanthropia, I
Melancholy.
  MEL'ANCHOLIC, Melanchol'icus, Melan'cho-
lue, Melancholo'dee, (Se.) Dram, Drum, (¥.) 3IS-
lancolique, from ptXas, ptXavos,  'black,' and ^0X17,
'bile.'  One labouring under melancholy.  That |
which belongs or  relates  to  melancholy.   In
popular language, one of a gloomy disposition.
  MELANCHOLINESS, Melancholy.
  MELANCHOLODES,  Melancholic.
  MELANCHOLUS, Melancholic.
  MEL'ANCHOLY, 3Idancho'lia, same etymon.
Li/pema'nia,  Ecphro'nia 3Ielancho'lia,  31ania
Melancho'lica seu  3felancho'lia,  Trietema'nia,
Baryth'mia, Hypolepeioma'nia, Anoe'eia adetric'-
ta, Fixa'tio mononce'a, 3Ielancholineee, (Sc.) Die-
mal;  (F.)  3lSlancolie,  LyperophrSnie.   Same
etymon.   A disease supposed, by the ancients, to
be caused  by black bile.  A variety of mental
alienation,  characterized by  excessive  gloom,
mistrust, and depression, generally, with insanity
on one particular subject or train of ideas, 3tono-
ma'nia, 3Ionomo'ria. Panophobia, Demonotnania,
Erotomania,  Nostalgia,  Ac, may be referred to
this head.
   Melancholy is also used for unusual gloominess
of disposition.
   Melancholy, Erotic, Erotomania — m. Love,
Erotomania.
   MELAN'CHRUS, 3Ielan'ochrus,  from  ptXas,
utXavos, 'black,' and ^pus, 'a  colour.'  One  at-
tacked with black jaundice.  Supposed, by some,
to be an  abbreviation of  Melanchlorus.
  MELANCOLIE, Melancholy.
  3IELANCOLIQUE, Melancholic.
  MELANEPHRIDOSIS, Sudor Anglicus niger.
  31ELANGE PECTORAL, Mistura acidi hy-
droevanici.
   MELAN'IC, Melan'icue, 3felanot'ic, Melanol-
icus.  (¥.)  MSlanS; from ptXas, ptXavos, 'black.'
Of or  belonging to Melanosis; — as  Melanic
deposit, a black  colouring matter deposited from
the  blood under special  circumstances ; — see
Melanosis.
   MELANIC DEPOSIT, Melanosis.
  MELANICTERUS, Melaena.
   3IELANIENNES, (Tachee), Naevus.
  MELANINE, see Choroidea tunica.
  MELANIS3IE. Melanismus.
  MELANISMUS, Melaena.   M. I.  G. St. Hi-
laire employs the term MSlanieme, for the change
of coloration of the skin in which the pigment is
of a  deeper  hue and in greater quantity than
natural.
   MELANOCARCINOMA, Cancer, melanotic.
   MELANOCHRUS. Melanchrus.
   MELANOMA, Melanosis — m. Pulmonum,  see
Melanosis.
   MELANOMYCES, Melanospongus.
   MEL ANO PAT HI'A,  from mXa{, utXavos,
'black.'  and xados, 'affection.'  Ni'gritism,  Ni-
§rit"iee.  A  disease of  the skin,  which consists
in augmentation of black pigment; generally ia
patches.
  MELANOPHYMA, Ergot
  MELANOPIPER, Piper nigrum.
  MELANOPNEUMON, see Melanosis.
  MELANORRHAGIA, Melaena.
  MELANORRHIZUM, Helleborus niger.
  3IELAN0SE, Melanosis.
  MELANOSIS, -Melan'ds, 3Ielano'ma, Nigritu'-
do,  (¥.)  DSgSnSrescence noire, 3ISlanose;  from
ptXas, utXavos,  ' black.' An organic affection, in
which the tissue of the parts is converted, owing
to a melon'ic  depoeit, into  a black, hard, homo-
geneous substance, near which ulcers or cavities
may form; — owing  to the softening,  either of
the  substance  itself, or of some other morbid
tissue, — of tubercles especially.   This morbific
change affects  the lungs particularly ; when it is
called 3Ielano'eie seu 31elano'ma seu Anthraco'eie
Pulmo'num, 3Ielanopneu'mon, Nigritu'do melanol-
ica,  3Ie!an'eie  Pulmonum,  Pnettmonoinelano'eie,
Black tubercle, (¥.) 31Slanoee Pulmonaire.   It is,
also, met with in the liver and  areolar texture.
Its  causes are  very  obscure.  Melanosis of the
lungs constitutes one of the species of phthisis
of Bayle; but it is impossible to  distinguish it
from tbe other species during life.
  In  the  classification of  Fuchs, Melanosen
(G.) forms a family of diseases.
  The deposition of melanic matter in the tissue*
is not necessarily connected with malignant dis-
ease.  See Cancer, melanotic.
  Melanosis   Pulmonum,  see  Melanosis — m.
Universalis, Venosity.
  MELANOSMEGMA, see Sapo.
  MELANOSPON'GUS, 31danomy'cee, from
ptXas, ptXavos,  'black,' and   <nroyyos,  'sponge.'
The tuberiform variety of melanosis of the lungs.
  MELANOTIC, Melanic —m. Cancer, Cancer,
melanotic.
  MEL'ANOTHRIX,*4fricCTpi(7'Ms, (F.) 31Slano-
trique,  from  ptXas, 'black,'  and  Spi%, 'hair.'
Having black  hair.
  MELANSIS, Melanosis — m. Pulmonum, Me-
lanosis pulmonum.
  MELANTHIUM,  Nigella, M. Virginicum—m.
Muscaetoxicum, Amianthum muscaetoxicum.
  Melan'thium Virgin'iccm,  Melanthium,  Lei-
man'thium  Virgin'icum,  Quafiadil; indigenous;
Order, Melanthaceae, flowering in July, is said to
be a sure but severe  remedy for itch.
  MELAS, Lepra nigricans — m. Icterus,  Me-
laena.
  MELAS'MA, Ecehymo'ma Melae'ma, Nigror,
from ptXas, ' black.'  A black spot or ecchymosis,
occurring on the lower extremities of old people
especially.  Also a cutaneous affection  analogous
to chloasma, differing from it only in  tbe dark
colour of the  morbid pigment.  It is also called
Pityri'aeie nigra.
  MELASSES, Molae'eee, 3Ielue'tum,   Theriaca
commu'nie,  Syr'upue empyreumat'icue seu nj^er,
Sac'chad Fax, Treacle, (Old Eng.) Triacle; from
ptXt, ' honey,' or from utXas, ' black.'  The syrup,
which remains after the juice of the sugar-cane
has been subjected to all the  operations for ex-
tracting sugar from it. In the United States, the
syrup, made in tbe  process of forming common
sugar, is called mdaesee;  that  remaining after
the refinement of sugar being termed eugar-houee
melaeeee or treacle.
  Melasses Spirit, Rum.
  MELATROPH'IA, from ueXos,  'a limb,' and
arpoipta, ' wasting.'   Wasting of the limbs.
  MELCA, ptXea.  Food made  of milk, coagu.
lated by boiling vinegar.                .
  MELE, Specillum.
  MELEA. Pyrus malus.
  MELEGUETTA, Amomum grana paradisi. 
MELEIOS                579              MELLITUM
  MELEI'OS, pnXtios, Mellnus, 3Ie1ias.  A
,'iftB of alum found in the island of Melos.
  31 ELENA, Meiaena.
  3IELENE, Melaena.
  MELEZE, Pinus larix.
  MELI, Mel.
  MELIA, Fraxinus ornus.
  Me'lia   Azed'arach,  Azedara'cha  amer'na,
Poieon Berry  Tree, Azed'arach, Pride of India
or of China, Pride tree, Hop tree, Bead tree.
Nat. Ord. Meliaceae; Sex.  Syat. Decandria Mo-
nogynia.  The bark of the root—called in India
Neem Bark, Azedarach,  (Ph.  U.  S.), is usually
given in decoction,  in the proportien of three or
four ounces of the  bark of the fresh  root to a
quart of water, boiled down to a pint.  The dose
is one or two table-spoonfuls, every two or three
hours, till purging is induced.  It  is given in this
manner as  an anthelmintic   It is  sometimes
formed  into an  ointment, and  used  in tinea
capitis.   The tree is a native  of  Syria,  Persia,
and the north of India,  and  is abundant in the
southern states of the Union.
   Melia Terra,  Creta.
   MELIANTHUS  MAJOR,  Nat. Ord.  Zygo-
phylleae.  A south Afriean  plant, a decoction of
whose leaves is a good external remedy in tinea
capitis,  crusta serpiginosa, necrosis  and  foul
ulcers.  It is  also useful as a  gargle and lotion
in sore  throat and  diseases of the gums.   The
bruised leaves applied to ulcers promote granu-
lation.
   MELICERA, Porrigo  favosa.
   MELICERIA,  Hydrarthrus, Porrigo favosa.
   MELICE'RIS, 3Ielifa'vii,m, from ptXi, 'honey,'
and enpos, ' wax.' Emphy'ma  eneya'tis melice'ria.
An encysted tumour filled with a substance  re-
sembling honey.  Also, Porrigo favosa.
   MELIC'EROUS, Melicer'itous  : same etymon.
Having the characters of meliceris,—as a melice-
roua tumour.
   MELICERUM, Porrigo favosa.
   MELICHEI'UM, from ptXi, ' honey,' and ^tw,
'I pour out'   A honey-like  discharge from an
ulcer.
   MELICRATUM, Hydromeli.
   MELIFAVIUM, Meliceris,  Porrigo favosa.
   MELIGEI'ON, from  yitXt,  'honey.'  A fetid
humour of the consistence of honey, discharged
from ulcers, accompanied with caries of a bone.
   3IELILOT, Trifolium melilotus.
   MELILOTUS, Trifolium melilotus.
   MELIME'LUM,  from  utXi, ' honey,' and pnXov,
'an apple.'  A name given to  two compounds:—
one of honey and quince, the other of honey and
apples.
   31ELINE,  Melaena.
   MELINI SULPHAS,  Cadmii sulphas.
   MELI'NUM, unXivov.  The ancient name of an
ointment, and of several plasters, described by
Dioscorides and  Galen : so called from their re-
sembling  the pnXov  or quince in colour.
   Melinum Sulphuricum, Cadmii sulphas.
   MELINUS, Meleios.
   MELIOLE, Mellitum.
   MELIPHYLLUM, Melissa.
   MELISSA, from /ltXteoa, ' a bee,' because bees
gather honey from  it.  31.  officina'lia seu Roma'-
na seu hirau'ta seu cit'rina seu citra'ta seu hor-
ten'aia,  Citra'go,  Citra'ria, 3Ielitela,  3Ieliaeob'-
otoa, Melita'na,  Meliaaobolanum,  3Ielieaophyl-
lum, Meliphyllum,  Mentha  citra'ta, 3Ielit'tie,
Cedronel'la, Apiae'trum,  Ero'tion,  Balm.  (F.)
31SHeee,  La Citronelle,  CSHne;  Nat.  Ord.  La-
biatae.   The  leaves  of  balm,   Melieea  (Ph.
U. S.),  have a pleasant  odour; and an  austere
and aromatic taste.  Balm was  formerly much
used in nervous  diseases,  but is  now only em-
 ployed when  made  into tea, as a diluent, in fe«
 brile affections.  It  is the basis of a celebrated
 preparation,—the Eau dee Carmee.
   Melissa Calamin'tha, Calamin'tha, C. vulga'-
 rie seu officina'rum seu grandifio'ra, Thymus ca-
 lamin'tha, Cal'amint, Nespite, (¥.) Calament.  This
 plant smells like wild mint, though more agree.
 ably.  It is used, popularly, as a  tea in dyspep-
 sia ;  flatulent  colic; hysteria;  uterine  obstruo-
; tions, Ac.
   Melissa Canariensis, Dracocephalum Cana-
 riense—m. Citrata, Melissa—m. Citrina, Melissa
 —in. Clinopodium, Clinopodium vulgare.
   Melissa Granmflo'ra,  Thymus glandifio'rue,
 Calamin'tha magno  flore, C. monta'na, 3Iountain
 Cal'amint.   This plant  resembles the last  in
 virtues.
   Melissa  Hirsuta,  Melissa — m. Hortensis,
 Melissa—m. Humilis, Melittis melissophyllum.
   Melissa Nep'eta, Thymue nep'ela seu mtttti-
 fio'riiK, Calamin'tha An'glica seu Pule'gii odo'ri
. seu wp'eta seu parvifio'ra seu trichot'oma, Nep'-
I eta agres'tia, Field Cal'amint, Spotted Cal'amint.
 Formerly used as an aromatic.
j   Melissa Officinalis, Melissa—m.  Pulegioi-
 des,  Hedeoma—in. Romana, Melissa—m. Tragi,
 Melittis melissophyllum — m. Turcica,  Dracoce-
 phalum Canariense.
   3IELISSE  DES BOIS, Melittis melissophyl-
 lum— m. de 3Ioldavie,  Dracocephalum Canari-

   MELISSOBOTANUM, Melissa.
   MELISSOBOTOS, Melissa.
   MELISSOPHYLLUM, Melissa, Melittis melis-
 sophyllum.
   3IELISS0T, Melittis melissophyllum.
[   MELIT^'MIA,  31elitha'mia,  from  ptXi,
 'honey,' and 'aipa,  'blood.'  A condition of the
 circulating fluid, in  which it contains an unusual
 quantity of saccharine matter.
   MELITiENA, Melissa.
   31ELITAGRE, Impetigo.
   MELITEIA, Melissa.
   MELITH.EMIA,  Melitaemia.
   MELITHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana.
   MELITHYPERURIA, Diabetes.
   MELITIS, Inflamma'tio gena; from  pnXov,
 'the cheek,' and itie, denoting inflammation. In-
 flammation of the cheek.
    MELITITES, Hydromeli.
   MELITTA, Bee.
    MELITTIS, Melissa,
    Melit'tis Melissophyl'lum, La'mium monta'-
 num, 3Ielissa  hu'milie seu  eylvee'trie seu  Tragi,
  La'mium Plitlii, 3felieeophylliim, Bastard Balm, ■
  (¥.)  3tSHese  dee  Boie, MSlissot.  Ord. Labiatae.
  This plant was formerly employed, like  the balm,
 in uterine obstructions.
    Melittis Sylvestris, M. Melissophyllum.
    MELITURIA, Urine, diabetic,  see Diabetes.
    MELITUS, Mellitus, from mel, ' honey.' Ap-
 pertaining to honey.  Of the nature of honey.
    MELIZO'MUM, from ptXi, ' honey,' and fapos,
  'broth ;' 3tead, Melli'na, 3Ietheg'lin, (Prov.) 31ul-
 Un.   A drink prepared with honey.
    MELLA'GO, from mel,  'honey.'  Any medi-
 cine  having  the consistence of honey.  A fluid
 extract
    MELLICRATUM, Hydromeli.
    MELLIFAVIUM, Porrigo favosa.
   MELLINA, Melizomum.
   31ELLITE DE BORAX, Mel boracis—m. de
 Rosea, Mel rosae—m. Simple, Mel  despumatum.
   MELLITUM,  from mel, 'honey.'   (F.) Miel
 me'dieinal, HydromellS, SaccharolS liquide,  MSli-
 olS.   A prepared  honey:—a medicated  honey.
1   Mellitum  de  Acetate  Cupri, Liniuitntum
 iEruginis. 
MELLITUS              580             MEMBRANA
  Mellitum de Mercuria'li Compos'itum, (F.) i
Miel de mercuriale compose, Syrop de longue vie. I
(Succ. purif. mercurialie Ibij, boraginie, anchuea
officinalis, aa Ibss, irie paeudacori radicie recent.
Jij, rad. eicc. gentiana Jj, mellie Ibiij, vini albi
j^xiij.   Macerate the bruised roots in  the wine
for 24 hours;  strain ; mix  the juices and honey ;
boil slightly, and filter; then add the two liquors,
and  boil to the consistence of syrup.   Ph. P.)
Cathartic, stomachic, Ac.
  Mellitum de Rosis, Mel rosae.
  Mellitum Simplex, Syr'upue de Melle, Syrup
of Honey.  (Mellie Ibvj,  aqua  miss,  carbonat.
calcie.  praparat. Jiij.  Mix the honey, water,
and carbonate of lime in a silver vessel: boil the
mixture, stirring, at the same  time, for 2 or  3
minutes : then add prepared animal charcoal Jvj,
two whitee ofi egge, mixed in a pint of water.  Mix
all, and boil to the consistence of syrup : remove
from the fire;  let the  syrup rest for 15 minutes,
and pass through a cloth.   Ph. P.)  Demulcent.
  MELLITUS, Melitus.
  MELO-35'MIA, from ptXas, 'black,' and 'aipa,
'blood.'   A state of blood, characterized by its
incoagulability,  black colour,  and septic  pro-
perties.
  MELOCHITIS, Lapie  Arme'niue, Armeni'tee,
Arme'nian Stone.  A  variety of blue carbonate
of copper. It is found in Germany, the Tyrol,
and especially in Armenia.  It was formerly em-
ployed  as a cardiac, and  as proper for purging
awav melancholy.
  MELODID'YMUS, from ptXos, 'a limb,' and
i'ivpos,  ' double'  A double member or limb.
  MELOE MAJALIS, see Cantharis.
  Meloe Niger, M. Pennaylvan'icue ;  Claee, In-
eecta;  Ord. Coleoptera.  A blistering fly, native
of the   United States.   It feeds upon  Prunella
vulga'rie or Self-heal, and Ambro'eia trifida or
Stick-weed.  These flies  resemble the Spanish
flies in  properties.
  Meloe Pennsylvanicus, M. niger.
  Meloe  Proscarab^i'us,   Cautarel'lue,  was
anciently used as a diuretic and anti-hydropho-
bic  See Cantharis.
  Mploe Vesicatorius, Cantharis.
  MELOM'ELES,  from ptXos, 'a member,' and
psXtos   unprofitable.'  A  monster  with super-
numerary limbs.
  MELON, pnXov, ' an apple.'   A disorder of the
eye, in  which  it protrudes out of the socket.  See
Exophthalmia.—Castelli.
  Melon,  Cucumis melo—m.d'Eau, Cucurbita
citrullus — m. Plant, Cucumis melo — m. Water,
Cucurbita citrullus.
  MELONGENA, Solanum melongena.
  MELOPLACUNTIUM, Meloplacus.
  MELOPLA'CUS, Meloplacun'tium, from unXov,
' an apple,' 'a quince.'  A compound obtained by
boiling wine, honey, quince, pepper, Ac, together.
—Galen.
  MELOPLAS'TTC, 3Ieloplaa'ticne, Genoplaa'tic,
from pnXov, 'the cheek,' and  irXauaw,  'I form.'
(¥.) MSloplaetie, an epithet for the operation for
forming a new cheek when any part  of it  has
been lost.
  MELOS, ntXos, Membrum. A member. A limb.
An organized part, composed of other parts.—
Castelli.
  MELO'SIS, Catheterie'mite, Cenembate'eie, from
pnXrri 'a  probe.'  The act of  probing  a wound,
ulcer, Ac.—Hippocratus.  Catheterism.
  MELOTHRUM. Bryonia alba.
  MELOTIS, Melo'trie, Specil'lum minus. From
pnXn, ' a probe.'  A small probe,—a probe for the
ear.   See Apvromele.
  MELOTRIS, Melotis.
  MELT,  Spleen.  Also, the  sperm of fish,—
Milt.
  MELTING, Fusion.
  MELUM, pnXov, 3Ialum.  Au apple.   Fruit in
general.   Aiso,  a  round,  firm  female  breast
The  cheek.  The  apple-eye or melon-eye is an
apple-formed projection  of the eye .from  the
orbit
  Melum Armeniacum, Prunus armeniaca — m.
Cydonium, see Pyrus cydonia.
  MELUSTUM, Melasses.
  MEMBRA PUDENDA, Genital organs.
  MEMBRANA,  Membrane—m. Abdominis, Pe-
ritonaeum—m. Adipo.sa, Cellular membrane—m.
Adventitia, Decidua reflexa—m. Agnina, Amnios
—m. Amphiblestrodes, Retina—m. Arachnoidea,
Hyaloid  membrane — m. Capsularis testis, Albu-
ginea — m. Carnosa, Dartos — m. Cellulosa, Cel-
lular membrane—m. Cellulosa, Decidua—m. Ce-
rebri  tenuis, Pia  mater — m. Cerebri mollis, Pia
mater — m. Cerebri propria, Pia mater—m. Cho-
rio  capillaris, see  Choroidea tunica—m.  Circu-
mossalis, Periosteum—m. Communis, Decidua —
m.  Cor circumplexa, Pericardium—m.  Cordis;
Pericardium—m. Costalis, Pleura—m. Costas suc-
cingens,  Pleura — m. Crassa,  Decidua reflexa —
m. Cribrosa, Decidua — m. Cuticularis, Dura ma-
ter— m. Decidua serotina, see  Decidua — m.  De-
muriana, see Aqueous humour, and Cornea — m.
Dentata, Denticulatum ligamentum—m. Derma-
todes, Dura mater — m. Descemetii, see Aqueous
humour, and_ Cornea—m. Diaphratton, Mediasti-
num—m. Dura cerebrum ambiens, Dura mater—
m. Epierania, Galea  aponeurotica  capitis — m.
Externa dentium,  Tapetum alveoli—m. Farcimi-
nalis, Allantois—m. Fenestrae rotunebje, see Fe-
nestra— m. Filamcntosa, Decidua reflexa—m.
Flocculenta, Decidua — m. Foetum involvens,
Amnios—m. Fusca, see Sclerotic.
  Membra'na Granulo'sa, Gran'ular membrane
or layer, (¥.) Membrane granuleuee, Couche  cel-
luleuee  (Coste).    A layer of yellow,  granular
matter, which lines the inner layer of the Graa-
fian  follicle, and is regarded by Kolliker as epi-
thelium.
  Membrana Humoris Aquei, see Aqueous hu>
mour — m. Interspinalis, Interspinal ligament —
m.  Intestinalis,  Allantois—m.  Jacobi,  Tunica
Jacobi—m. Jacobi Arnold, see Iris—m. Limitans,
see Iris — m. Limitans Pacini,  see Iris—m. Lin-
guae, see Tongue—m. Macilentior, Epiploon, gas-
trohepatic—m. Mucosa, Decidua, see Membrane—
m. Nervorum, Neurilemma—m. Nictitans, Valvula
semilunaris—m. Olfactoria, Pituitary membrane
— m. Ossis,  Periosteum — m. Ovi  materna,  De-
cidua— m.  Ovuli  corticalis,  Oiocalymma — m.
Pellucida, Amnios — m. Pigmenti,  see  Iris — m.
Pinguedinosa, see Cellular membrane — m. Pin-
guis  intestinorum,  Mesentery—m.  Pituitaria,
Pituitary membrane, see Membrane — m. Pitui-
tosa, see Membrane—m. Pleuretica, Pleura—m.
Praeexistens, Decidua—m. Propria, Basement
membrane,  and Folliculi  Graafiani, see Cortex
ovi—m. Pupillaris, Pupillary membrane.
  Membra!na Putam'inis, (putamen, 'a shell or
husk.')   Pellic'ula Ovi.  The membrane adherent
to the inner surface of the eggshell. — Putamen
seu Teeta Ovi.
  Membrana Retiformis Chorii, Decidua reflexa
—m. Ruyschiana, Choroid (inner layer.)
  Membrana Sacciform'is. A separate synovial
membrane for the inferior radio-cubital articula-
tion, which covers the upper surface of the trian-
gular ligament, and the  sort of incomplete ring
which circumscribes the head of the ulna.
  Membrana Semipellucida. Caligo—m. Serosa,
Membrane (serous) — m. Sinuosa,  Decidua —m.
Subcostalis, Pleura—m. Succingens, Diaphragm,
Pleura.
  Membrana Testae,  Shell  membrane.   The 
MEMBRANACEOUS          5
 membrane that lines the shell of the bird's egg:
 —a simple membrane.
   Membrana Thoracem Intersepiens, Media-
 stinum—m. Tympani, see Tympanum—m. Tym-
 pani secundaria, see  Fenestra—m. Urinaria,  Al-
 lantois—m. Uteri interna evoluta, Decidua—m.
 Uvea, Uvea—m. Vasculosa  cerebri, Pia mater—
 m. Vasorum Communis, Endangium—m. Verricu-
 laris, Retina.
   Membra'na Versicolor.  A peculiar mem-
 brane— according to Mr.  Fielding, of Hull.—
 situate immediately  behind the retina, and in
 connexion with it.  It is separable into  distinct
 layers  from   the  choroid, and  is supplied with
 blood-vessels.
   Membrana Wachendorfiana, Pupillarymem-
 brane.
   MEMBRANACEOUS, Membranous.
   MEMBRANE, 3Iembra'na,  Hymen, 31eninx,
 Epen'dyma, Pan'nicle.   A name given to differ-
 ent thin organs, representing a species of supple,
 more or less elastic, webs ; varying in their struc-
 ture and vital  properties, and intended, in gene-
 ral, to absorb or secrete certain fluids; and to
 separate, envelop, and form other organs.   Bi-
 chat has divided the membranes into simple and
 compound.
   Simple membranee comprise three orders.  1. A
 31ucou8 membrane, Membra'na muco'ea seu pitui-
 to'e'a seu pituita'ria,  Phleg'mymen, Phlegmat'hy-
 men, Membrane folliculeuee (Ch.), is so called, on
 account of the  mucous fluid  by' which  it is
 constantly lubricated.  Mucous  membranes, line
 the canals, cavities,  and hollow organs, which
 communicate  externally by different apertures
 on the skin.  Bichat refers  them to two  great
 divisions—the gaetro-pttlmonary, and the genito-
 urinary.  The mucous membranes have a striking
 analogy with  the cutaneous  tissue, in organiza-
 tion, functions, and diseases. They are composed
 of chorion, papillae, and epidermis; and are fur-
 nished with a multitude of follicles, which secrete
 a viscid humour,—mucus.  They receive a quan-
 tity of arterial vessels,  veins,  lymphatics,  and
 nerves.  2. The  Seroue  membranea, 3Iembra'na
 aero'8a, M. villeueee eimple (Ch.), are transparent,
 thin, and composed of one lamina.   One surface
 adheres to other textures; the other is smooth,
 polished, and moistened by a serous fluid.  They
 are arranged — in the form of sacs without aper-
 tures — as great, intermediate reservoirs for the
 exhalant  and absorbent systems, in  which the
 serous fluid, in passing from one system, tarries
 some time before it enters the other.   The serous
 membranes resemble the areolar membrane in
 structure and  diseases.   They facilitate the  mo-
 tion on each other of the organs which they en-
 velop.  They  may be divided  into  (a) Serous
 membranes, properly so called; as the arachnoid,
 pleura, peritoneum, and tunica vaginalis.   (ft)«
 Synovial membranee or  capeulee / which belong
 to joints, tendons, aponeuroses. Ac.  These mem-
 branes — mucous and serous — are constituted of
 similar layers—epithelium, basement  membrane,
 condensed areolar tissue; and a looser form of
 areolar tissue, termed eubmucoue in one case, —
 subserous in the  other.  3.  Fibroue membranes,
 31embranes albugineuaee (Ch.)   These are almost
 all continuous, and terminate at the periosteum—
 their.common centre.  They have been divided
 into two  sections.  1. Enveloping aponeuroeea,
 Aponeuroaee of inaertion, Fibroue capeulee of  the
jointe, and Fibroue eheath ofi tendons.  2. The
Periosteum, Dura mater,  Sclerotica, Tunica albu-
ginea teetie, Fibroue membrane of the epleen, Ac.
The fibrous membranes are not free or moistened
by any particular fluid.  They adhere by  both
surfaces to the neighbouring parts; are firm, re-
sisting, but slightly elastic, and of a white colour;
1    MEMBRANES ALBUG1NEUSES
 sometimes pearly and  glistening.  Their vessel*
 are numerous, in some, as in the dura mater acd
 periosteum ; in others,  scarcely perceptible, as in
 the aponeuroses.  The  presence  of  nerves has
 never been proved, although several  circumstan-
 ces, regarding their sensibility, render their ex-
 istence probable.  The fibrous membranes serve,
 in general, to augment the solidity of the organs
 which they envelop;  to  retain the muscles in
 their respective  positions; to favour the motion
 of the limbs, and that  of the  muscles and skin;
 to form canals and rings for the  passage of dif-
 ferent organs, Ac.
  Bichat admits three species of Compound 3Iem-
 branee.   1.  The Sero-fibroua, formed of a serous
 and fibrous  lamina, intimately adherent to each
 other; — as the pericardium, dura mater, and tu-
 nica albuginea.  2. The  Sero-mucoue, formed of
 a serous and mucous lamina;—as the gall-bladder
 at its lower part.   3. The Fibro-mucoue, consti-
 tuted of the union of a fibrous and mucous mem-
 brane; as the mucoue membrane ofi the nasal foeea,
 gume, Ac  Chaussier admits six kinds of mem-
 branes.  1.  The laminated.  See Cellular Tissue.
 2. The eeroua or eimple villoue.  3. The follicular
 or complicated villoue.  4. The muecular or fleehy.
 5. The  albugineoua.  6. The albuminoue.
  Membrane, Accidental, M. false — m. Acci-
 dentelle, M. false — m.  AdnSe, Conjunctiva — m.
 Adventitious, M. false—m. Anhistous, Decidua.
  Membrane, Basement, Primary  or lim'itary
 membrane,  Alembra'na  pro'pria.   A   delicate,
 structureless lamella of membrane found beneath
 the epidermis  or epithelium, on all the free  sur-
 faces of the body.
  3IE3IBRANE CADUQUE, Decidua—m. Ca-
 duque rSfiSchie, Decidua reflexa—m. de Demoure,
 see Aqueous Humour, and Cornea — m. de Dee-
 cernet, see Aqueous  Humour, and Cornea.
  Membrane, False, Accidental  or Adventit"-
 ions membrane,  Pseudo-membrane,  Pseud'ymen,
 Pseudome'ninx,  (¥.) Fausse  membrane, 31.  acci-
 dentelle.  Membranous productions,  which  form
 on  all the free  natural  surfaces, and on every
 free accidental  surface, are  so  called:  They
 are, in general, produced  by the exudation of a
 fibrinous  matter,  susceptible  of organization,
 which takes place in consequence of inflammation
 of the various tissues.   These accidental mem-
 branes occur on  the skin after the application of
 a blister; on mucous surfaces, as  in croup; on
 the parietes of inflamed veins and arteries, Ac
 The cicatrices of wounds are formed  of them.
  Of late, it has been proposed to give the name
 pseudo-membrane to fibrinous exudations, which
 are devoid of organization, whilst  neo-membrane
 may be applied to such fresh productions as have
 become supplied with vessels and nerves.
 e 3IEMBRANE FAUSSE, Membrane, false —
 m.  Germinal, see Molecule—m. Granular, Mem-
 brana granulosa—tn. Granuleuse, Membrana gra-
 nulosa—m. Haptogen, see Haptogenous— m. Pri-
 mary, Membrane, basement—m. Pseudo. M. false
 —m. Hyaloid, see Hyaloid membrane—m. Jacob's,
 Tunica Jacobi—m.Limitary, Membrane, basement
 — m. Nasmyth's, see Enamel — m. Ruyeehienne,
 Choroid  (inner layer), Ruyschiana tunica—m.
 Shell, Membrana testae—m. du Tympan, see Tym-
 panum— m. Virginal,   Hymen — m. Vitellary,
 Zona pellucida—m.  Vitelline, Zona pellucida.
  31E3IBRANES  ALBUGINEUSES, Mem-
 branes, fibrous, see Albuginea—m. Folliculeueee,
 Membranes, mucous—m.  VelotttSes, Villous mem-
 branes—»i. ViUeuses simples, Membranes, serous.
  Membranes of the Fcetus,  31embra'na ficetum
 involren'tes,  Ve/amen'ta  iufian'tie, Integumen'ta
foetus. The membranea.   The  membranes which
immediately envelop the  foetus in  the  cavity of
the uterus and the rupture  of which gives  rise 
MEMBRANEUX            6*
to the discharge of tbe liquor amnii.  These mem-
branes  are tbe decidua, chorion, and amnion.
  Membranes, The, Membranes of the Fcetus.
  31E3IBRANEUX, Membranous.
  MEM'BRANIFORM, 3Iembraniform'ie,  from
membrana. and forma ;—resembling a membrane.
A name given to  thin and flat parts, which re-
semble membranes.
  Membraniform Muscles.  Very broad  and
thin muscles, as the platysma myoides, obliquus
abdominis, Ac.
  MEMBRANOSUS, Fascia lata muscle.
  MEM'BRANOUS, 3Iembrano'ette, 3Iembrana'-
ceue, Hyiheno'dee, (¥.) 3Iembranettx.  Having the
nature  of membrane.   Formed of membrane.
  MEMBRANULA, Hymenium—m. Coronae ci-
liaris, see Ciliary—m. Lunata Vaginae,  Hymen—
m. Nervorum, Neurilemma—m. Semilunaris con-
junctivae, Valvula semilunaris.
  MEM'BRANULE, 3Iembran'ula, diminutive of
membrana, '  a membrane.'  A small membrane.
  MEMBRE, Membrum—m. Viril, Penis.
  MEMBROSUS, 31embro'eior, 3Ientula'ttte, 3fu-
tonia'tus, Naea'tua, valde 3Ientula'tue,  Fascino'-
eue, Paolon,  (¥.) 3lembru, from membrum, 'the
male organ.'   One whose penis is very  large.
  MEMBRU, Membrosus.
  MEMBRUM, Arttte, 3Ieloe,  Colon,  a  limb, a
member, (¥.)  3tembre.   The limba or extremities
or members of animals  are certain parts exterior
to the  body, which  are more or less  apparent,
long, and  moveable.  It is by  means of  their
limbs,  that  animals transport  themselves  from
one place to  another; and that they defend them-
selves,  or attack others.  The limbs are arranged
on each side of the trunk, with which they are
articulated.  In man, they are four in number:
—two upper or thoracic, and two lower, pelvic or
abdominal.   Also, the  male organ.
  Membrum  Genitale Virorum. Penis—m. Mu-
liebre,  Clitoris — m. Seminale, Penis — m. Virile,
Penis.
  ME3T0IRE, Memory—m. Perte de,  Amnesia.
  MEMORIA DELETA, Amnesia.
  MEM'ORY, 31emo'ria, 3Iiieme,- Recorda'tio,
Recorda'tue,(¥.) 31Smoire. The cerebral faculty,
Dy virtue of  which past impressions are recalled
to the mind.
  MEMPHITES LAPIS. A sort of stone, found
anciently in  the environs of Memphis; which was
esteemed narcotic.
  MENAGOGUES, Emmenagogues.
  MENDESION, jEgyptiacum.
  MENE, Moon.
  MENECRATIS ACCIPITER, Accipiter.
  MENELCO'SIS, Heleome'nia, from pnv, 'a
month,' and  'tXewais,  'ulceration.'   Vicarious
menstruation from an ulcer.
  MENES, Menses.
  ME.XESPAUSIE, see  Menses.
  MENIDROSIS, from  pnv,   'a  month, and
'tipwais, ' sweating.'   A sweating of  menstrual
blood.—Bock.
  MENFRIGE, see Pistacia lentiscus.
  MENLNGARTHROC'ACE, Inflamma'tio mem-
brana'rtnn articulatio'nie, Arthromeningltia, from
pnvtyk~t  ptviyyos, 'membrane,' apdpov, 'a joint,'and
kukos, ' disease.'  Inflammation of the membranes
of a joint.
  MENTNGE, Dura mater.
  MENINGE, Meningeal.
  MENIN'GEAL, 3Ienin'geue, from unvtyl;, ptviy-
yos, 'a membrane.'  (F.)  31SningS.   Relating to
the meninges, or merely to the dura mater.
  Meningeal Apoplexy, see  Apoplexy.
  Meningeal Artery, Middle, Arte'ria menin'-
gca me'dia seu Sphano-epino'sa seu Dura .Matris
me'dia max'ima seu Sphano-epina'lie, Spir.al Ar-
MENINGOMALACIA
I tery,  (¥.) Artlre mSningSe moyenne  ou Sphtno-
 Spineuee,  ou Epinense, is the  largest  of the
 branches  given  off  by the  internal  maxillary
| artery.  It enters the cranium  by the foramen
 spinale, and distributes  its branches  chiefly to
 the dura mater.
   Meningeal Vessels,  Vasa menin'gea.   The
 vessels of the membranes  of the brain.
   MENIN'GES, Eilam'idee, 31atree  seu Inrolil-
 cra Cer'ebri, Ometlta seu  Velamen'ta cerebra'lia,
 from pnviyk", pnvtyyos, ' a membrane.'  The  three
 membranes  which  envelop  the brain—Dura
 mater, Arachnoid, and Pia mater.
   MENINGETTE,  Pia mater.
   MENINGIITIS, Meningitis.
   MENINGI'NA, (F.) 3ISningine. Same etymon.
 A name  given  by Chaussier to the pia mater,
 united to the cerebral layer of the arachnoid.
   Meningina, Inner Lamina of the, Pia mater.
   3IENINGINE, Meningina.
   31ENINGITE, CEREBRO-SPINAL, Menin-
 gitis,  cerebro-spinal.
   MENINGINI TIS, from meningina, and itie,
 denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of the me-
 ningina.
   MENINGION, Arachnoid membrane.
   MENINGIS  CUSTOS,  Meningophylax.
   3IENINGITE,  Meningitis — m.   Granuleuae,
 Hydrocephalus  internus — m.  Rachidienne,  Me-
 ningitis,  spinal — m.  Tuberculeuse,  Hydrocepha-
 lus internus.
   MENINGITIS,   3Ieningii'tie,  Encephalltie
 peripher'ica seu membrano'ea, (¥.) Inflammation
 de la membrane  eSreuse cSphalo-rachidienne, 31e-
 ningite, from meninges, and itie, denoting inflam-
 mation.  Inflammation of the meninges or mem-
 branes of the brain.   See  Phrenitis.
   Meningitis Arthritica, Cephalagra.
   Meningitis, Cer'ebro-Spinal, 3Iyeli'tia, pete-
 chia'lie, Cer'ebral or  cer'ebro-spii^al  typhus, (¥.)
 3ISningite cSrSbro-epinal,  Filvre cSrSbro-epinal,
  Typhue cSrSbro-epinal.  An alarmingly fatal form
 of epidemic  fever, which prevailed  in different
 countries  of Europe, and, also,  in certain portions
 of the United States, near the middle of the 19th
 century.  It is considered, by  Boudin, to consti-
 tute the  cerebro-spinal form of the nosological
 group of typhus.
   Meningi'tis Granular, Hydrocephalus  inter-
 nus—m. Hydrocephalica, Hydrocephalus internus
 — m. Infantum, Hydrocephalus internus — m.
 Membranosa, M. spinal.
    Meningitis Mesencephal'ica.  Inflammation
 of the  meninges of the medulla oblongata and
 pons  varolii more especially.
    Meningitis Peripherica, M. spinal —m. Po-
  tatorum,  Delirium tremens — m. Rachidian, M.
 spinal—m. Scrophulous, Hydrocephalus internus.
    Meningitis, Spinal. 31. Rachid'ian seu Spi-
  na'lie seu peripher'ica sen membrano'ea, Perimye-
  lltie,  3Iyelo-meningltie,  (¥.) 31Sningite  rachi-
  dienne.  Inflammation  of the meninges of the
  spinal marrow.
    Meningitis,  Tubercular, see Hydrocephalus
  internus —m.  Tuberculosa,  Hydrocephalus  in-
  ternus.
    MENIN'GIUM. Diminutive of pnvtyt, pnvtyyos,
  'a membrane.'   A fine, delicate membrane.  The
  tunica arachnoidea of the brain.
    M E N IN G 0 - CEPHALITIS, Meningo-ence-
 phalltie, Ceph'alo-meningltie, Enceph'alo-menin-
 gitie, from unvtyl, pnvtyyos, ' a membrane,' KtipaXn,
  'head,' and itie, a suffix denoting  inflammation.
  Inflammation of the membranes and brain
    MENINGO-GASTRIC FEVER,  Fever  gas-
  tric.                                    '
    MENINGOGASTRTTIS, Fever, gastric
    MENINGOMALA'CIA, from  pnvty{, pnvtyyos, 
MENINGOPHYLAX          583                MENSES
'membrane,' and  paXaKta, 'softening.'   Soften-
ing of membranes in general.
  MENINGOPHYLAX, Custos  menin'gis, De-
preeeo'rium, (¥.) DSpressoire, from pnviyl, pnvty-
yos, ' a  membrane,' the dura mater;  and 0uAa|,
'a preserver.'   An instrument for depressing the
dura mater, and  guarding it from injury, whilst
tbe bone is cut or rasped.
  MENINGORRHOE'A,  from  pnviyt,  pnvtyyos,
' membrane,' and ptw,' I flow.'  Effusion of blood
upon or between the membranes of the brain.
  MENINGOSIS.  Same etymon.   The  union
of bones by means of membrane; e. g. the arti-
culation of the bones  of the cranium in the foetus.
Meningosis  is a variety of Syndesmosis.
  MENINGOSYM'PHYSIS; 3Ieningoeyz'ia,from
•"jwyf, pnviyyos,' membrane,' and ovptpveis, 'grow-
ing  together.'  Adhesion of  or  by  membrane.
Adhesion of the membranes of the brain to each
other, or to the brain.
  MENINGOSYZIA, Meningosymphysis.
  MENINGU'RIA;  from pnviyl, 'a membrane,'
and ovpov,' urine.'  The passage of urine contain-
ing membranous-shreds.
  MENINX,  Membrane—m.  Choroides,  Pia
mater — m.  Crassa, Dura mater — m. Dura, Dura
mater — m. Exterior, Dura mater — m. Interior,
Pia mater—m. Media, Arachnoid membrane—m.
Pacheia, Dura mater — m. Sclera, Dura mater—
m. Serosa, Arachnoid  membrane—m. Vasculosa,
Pia mater.
  MENISCHESIS, see Amenorrhoea.
  MENISCI,  Cartilages, interarticular.
  MENISPERMUM ANGULATUM, M.  Cana-
dense.
  Menisperm'um  Canaden'se, 31.  angula'tum,
Ord.  Menispermaceae, from pnvn,  ' the moon,'
and etctppa,  ' seed,' in allusion  to the crescentic
shape of the seed.  A climbing plant, growing in
various parts  of the  United States.   Said  to be
used in Virginia as a substitute for sarsaparilla
in scrofula, and to be called, in the West, Sarea-
parilla.  It is an excitant tonic
  Menisper'mum  Coc'culus, 31.  glaucum,  Ana-
mir'ta  Coc'culue  seu panicula'ta, Coc'culue sube-
ro'sus.  The systematic  name of the plant, the.
berries  of which are well known by the name of
Coc'culus In'dicus seu subero'sus, Indian Berries,
Bacca Piscato'ria, Indian Cockles,  Coccus  In'di-
cus, Coccula officina'rum, Cocci orienta'/es, Grana
0rien'ti8, (¥.) Coqtte du Levant, C. levant.  These
berries  are remarkable for their inebriating and
destructive quality to fish.  The deleterious prin-
ciple appears  to reside in the kernel, and  in the
active   principle  called  Picrotox'ine.  Cocculus
Indicus has been used in decoction to kill vermin.
It has,  at times, Been  added to beer, by fraudu-
lent tradesmen, to render it  more inebriating.
  Menispermum Glaucum, M. cocculus—m. Pal-
matum, Calumba.
  Menisper'mum Tubercula'tum, 31. Verruco'-
eum, Coc'culue crispus.  A Chinese plant, an ex-
tract from the root of which is tonic  to the sto-
mach and bowels, and  possesses  some astrin-
gency.   Dose, 5 to 10 grains.
  The same may be said of 31enisper'mum Cor-
difo'lium—the Goluncha, of Bengal.
  Menispermum Verrucosum, M. tuberculatum.
  MENOCRYPHIA, Amenorrhoea.
  MENOLIPSIS, see Menses.
  MENOPAUSIS, see Menses.
  MENOPHANIA, see Menses.
  MENOPLANIA, Menstruation, vicarious.
  MENORRHAGIA, from/^v, pnvos, 'a month,'
and pnywpt,  'to flow fiercely.' Flow of the menses.
Frequently, the word is used synonymously with
uterine  hemorrhage or metrorrhagia, or for im-
moderate flow of the menses—profuee menetrua-
 tion, Parame'nia euper'fina  seu profitt'sa, 3Ienor-
 rhag"ia rubra, Catamenio'rum finxtts iinmod'icue,
 Menetrua immod'ica seu euper'ftua, 31enorrha'a.
   Menorrhagia, Menstruation, Metrorrhagia —
 m. Alba, Leucorrhoea — m.  Difficilis, Dysmenor-
 rhoea—m. Erronea, Menstruation, erroneous—m.
 Stillatitia, Dysmenorrhoea.
   MENORRHGJ'A, from pnv, pvvos,  'a month,'
 and ptw,  'I  flow.'  The ordinary flow of  the
 menses.   Also,  too long continuing, or too often
 returning, menstruation.  Menorrhagia.
   MENOSCHESIS, see Amenorrhoea.
   MENOSTASIA, Amenorrhoea.
   MENOSTASIS, from pnv, pnvos, 'month,' and
 oraats, 'stasis,' 'stagnation.'   This word, accord-
 ing to some, signifies the retention of the menses
 and their accumulation in the uterus.  According
 to others, it means the acute pain which, in some
 females, precedes each appearance of the menses:
 a pain which has been presumed  to proceed from
 the stasis of blood  in the capillary vessels of the
 uterus.
   MENOXEN'IA, 3Ienoxeno'sis,  from pnv,  pn*o~m
 'a month,' and  fyvos,  'foreign.'   Irregular men-
 struation.
   MENOXENOSIS, Menoxenia.
   MENS, Anima, Intellect.
   MENSA, Trop'eza, 'a  table.'  The  upper su
 perficial part or corona of the jaw teeth.
   MENSES,  (pi. of mcnsis, 'a month;') M. Mu
 lie'bres,  3Ittlie'bria, 31enee, Flitxue men'etruue set
 luna'rie, Pro'fiuvium mulie'bre seu genita'le mulie
 bre, Coneuetu'do menetrua, Catame'nia, Men'strua,
 Emme'nia, Tribu'tum luna're seu men'etruum, Pur-
 gatio'nee,  P. menetrua,  Gynacei'a,  Aphedri'a,
 Curette  men'etruue, Hora'a, Luna'ria,  Courses,
 3Ienatrual fiitx, 31onthly courses or periods, Flow-
 ers, Turns, Terms, the Rede, Troubles, (¥.) 31oie,
 Rlglee,  Lunee, Flueure, Affairee,  Epoquea,  Ordi-
 nairee, Purgations, Pleura, 3Ienstruea.   The san-
 guineous  evacuation  from  the  uterus, Sanguie
 menstruue,  3Ien'etrual Blood, the  monthly occur-
 rence of which constitutes menetruation or monthly
 illnesa.   The first  appearance of the  menses —
 menopha'nia'—is  usually preceded  by the  dis-
 charge of a fluid whitish matter from the vagina;
 by nervous excitement, and by vague  pains  and
 heaviness in the loins and  thighs; numbness of
 the limbs,  tumefactton  and  hardness of  the
 breasts,  Ac.  More or less indisposition and irri-
 tability  also precede each successive recurrence
 of the menetrual flux.  In temperate  climates,
 each period, men'etrual period, periodne luna'rie,
 ordinarily continues from three to six days;  and
 the quantity lost varies from four to eight ounces.
 The menses continue to flow from the  period of
 puberty till the age of 45 or 50.  At the term of
 its  natural cessation, Menolip'eie,  3ISneepausie
 (Gardanne), Menopau'eie, the  flux becomes irre-
 gular; and this irregularity  is occasionally ac-
 companied with symptoms  of dropsy, glandular
 tumours, Ac, constituting the Parame'nia cessa-
 tio'nie of Good, and what is  called the critical
 time or  turn  or change ofi life;  yet it does not
 appear  that  the  mortality is increased by it.
 With  the immediate causes of menstruation  we
 are unacquainted.  We express  only our igno-
 rance, when we assert it to depend upon period-
 icity ; the discharge comes from the  vessels of
 the uterus and vagina, and differs from ordinary
 blood by its peculiar odour, and by its not coagu-
 lating.  It is evidently connected with the con-
 dition of the  ovaries, and—it  has been  supposed
 —with the periodical discharge of ova from them.
 It is arrested, as a general principle, during preg-
 nancy and lactation.  In warm climates, women
 usually  begin to  menstruate early, and  cease
I sooner than in the temperate regions.  The quan 
MENSIUM RETENTIO        584                MENTHA
 tity lost is also greater.  In the colder regions,
 the reverse of this holds as a general rule.       ||
   Dried menstrual blood, especially of a woman jj
 in her first menstruation—Sanguis vir'ginis pri- j
 mum menetrua'ta—was formerly given internally
 as an anti-epileptic                          - »
   Menses Albi,  Leucorrhoea — m.  Anomalae, |
 Paramenia — m.  Devii, Menstruation, vicarious I
  — m. Dolorifici, Dysmenorrhoea*—m. Retention
 of the, see Amenorrhoea—m. Suppression of the,
 Amenorrhoea.
    MENSIUM RETENTIO, see Amenorrhoea.
    MENSTRUA, Menses — m.  Alba, Leucorrhoea
 — m. Difficilia,  Dysmenorrhoea—m.  Dolorosa,
 Dysmenorrhoea — m. Immodica, Menorrhagia —
 m.  Superflua, Menorrhagia.
    MENSTRUAL, Catamenial—m. Flux, Menses
 —m. Period, see Me«ses.
    MENSTRUANT,  3Ien'etruane,  3Ienetrua'tue,
 from menetrua, 'the  catamenia.'  One subject to

    MENSTRUATIO ANOMALA, Paramenia —
 m. Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhoea—m. Dolorifica, Dys-
 menorrhoea,—m. Impedita, see Amenorrhoea—m.
 Per insolitas Vias, Menstruation, vicarious.
    Menstruatio Precox, Premature menstrua-
 tion. Menstruation  occurring before  the usual
 age or time.
    Menstrua'tio Recidi'va. Menstruation, when
 protracted beyond the usual age.
    Menstruatio  Retenta, Amenorrhoea, Para-
 menia—m. Supprcssa, Amenorrhoea, Paramenia.
    MENSTRUATION, 31enstrua'tio, Chronogyil-
 ta, Alenorrhag"ia, Fluxue menstrua'lis. The flow
 of the  menses.
    3IENSTR UA TION DIFFICILE, Dysmenor-
 rhoea— m. Difficult, Dysmenorrhoea—m. Labo-
 rious, Dysmenorrhoea — m. Premature, Menstru-
 atio praecox—m. Profuse, Menorrhagia.
    Menstruation, Vica'rious, is that which  oc-
 curs from other  parts than  the  uterus.   It is
 called Parame'nia erro'rie, 31enorrhag"ia erro'-
 ttea, 3Ienaium per alie'na loca excre'tio, 31. de'vii,
 Aberra'tio men'eium seu menstruo'rum, 3Tenstrua'-
 tio per insolitas vias, Hamatopla'nia seu Hamo-
 pla'nia menstrua'lis, 3Ienopla'nia, (¥.) DSviation
 des  Regies,  Rlgles dSviSee.  At  times,  the  se-
 creted  fluid has all the  characters of the  men-
 strual secretion;  at others, it appears to be mere
 blood.
    MENSTRUATUS, Menstruant.
    3IENSTRUEL, Catamenial.
    MENSTRUES, Menses.
    MENSTRUOUS,  Catamenial.   Also, one af-
 fected with the menses or catamenia.
    MENSTRUUM, (F.) 3Ienatrue.  Same  ety-
 mon ;—the menstruum being, of old, usually con-
 tinued in action for a month.  The monthly dis-
 charge of the female.   The plural, menstrua, is
 now, however, always used for the menses.   The
 name was formerly given  to every  substance
 which possesses the property of dissolving others
 slowly and with the  aid  of heat.   At present, it
 is used  synonymously  with  eolvent.   Thus —
 water,  alcohol, ether, acids, oils, Ac, are  men-
 etrua.
„   Menstruum  Auri, Nitro-muriatic  acid — m.
 Ventriculi, Gastric iuice.
   MENSU'RA MED'ICA.   A measure  of 48
 ounces.
   MENSURATION, 3Ieta'tio, from menaura,
 ' measure.'   Measurement,  31edical  meas'uring.
 One of the means used  for exploring the state of
 the thoracic  and  other cavities.  It consists in a
 comparative  measurement  of  each side of  the
 chest, by  means of a riband extended from  the *
 median line of the sternum to  the  spine.   When j
 effusion  exists on  one  side, the measurement is |j
 usually greater than on the other.  When, on  the i|
other hand, a portion of a lung has  ceased, for
some time, to exert its respiratory functions, the
corresponding side of the chest becomes smaller,
in consequence of the contraction of the pleura,
retraction of the  pulmonary  tissue, and greater
approximation of the ribs.
  MENTA, Mentha, Penis.
  ME NT A GRA,  Mentulagra, Sycosis — m.  In-
fantum, Porrigo lupinosa.
  MENTAGRAPHYTE,  Men''tagrophyte,  3Ii-
croe'poron  mentagroph'ytes, from  mentagra, and
tpvrov, 'a plant.' A name proposed by M. Gruby,
of Vienna, for a cryptogamous plant, which he
considers to produce mentagra.
  MENTAL, 3Ienta'lie, from mens, mentie, ' mind;'
belonging or relating to the mind, as mental phe-
nomena, mental dieeaaes (3Iorbi menta'lea),  Ac
  In Anatomy, Mental,  3Ienta'li8, (¥*) 3tenton-
nier, signifies  that which  relates to  the  chin;
from mentum, 'the chin.'
  Mental Ar'tery,  (F.)  Artlre  mentonnilre.
This is given off by the inferior dental, and issues
at the mental foramen to be  distributed on  the
lower lip.
  Mental Fora'men, (F.)  Trou mentonnier, An-
te'rior maxillary  P., is the  outer orifice of the
inferior dental canal.   It is situate on the  outer
surface of the lower jaw-bone, opposite the second
incisor,  or the canine tooth, and gives passage to
the vessels and nerves.
  Mental Fossa, see Fossa,  mental.
  Mental Nerve, (F.) Nerf mentonnier, is fur-
nished by the inferior dental nerve.  It issues by
the mental foramen, and is distributed, in nume-
rous filaments,  to the muscles of the lower  lip.
  Mental Region, Re'gio menta'lie.  The region
of the chin.
  MENTHA seu  MENTA AQUAT'ICA, (utvdr„
ptvda, pivdos,  mint.')   31. palua'tria seu  hirsu'ta
seu rotundifo'lia palua'tria, 3Ienthae'trum, Sieyttl-
brium mentha8trum, Balsamu8 palue'trie, Water-
mint, (¥.) Menthe aquatique, 31.  rouge.   Nat.
Ord. Labiatae.  This  is less  agreeable than  the
Alentha  viridis, and more bitter and pungent.  It
is used like spearmint.
  Mentha Balsamea, M. piperita.
  Mentha Capen'sis,  which grows  at the Cape
of Good Hope, possesses the  medical  properties
of the mints.
  Mentha Cervi'na, Hurls pennyroyal, Hyeeop-
leaved mint, Pule'gium cervlnum, (¥.) 3Ienthe
cervine.  Possesses the properties of pennyroyal,
but is very unpleasant.
  Mentha Citrata, Melissa.
  Mentha Crispa, 31. hercyn'ica, Colymbif'era
minor, Curled  Mint, (¥.) 3tenthe friesSe on crS-
pue, Baume d'eau  d feuillee ridSes.  Possesses
the properties of  peppermint.
  Mentha Gentilis, M.  viridis — m. Hercynica,
M.  crispa—m. Hirsuta, M. Aquatica — m. Laevi-
gata, M. viridis—m. Officinalis, M. piperita—m.
Palustris, M. Aquatica.
  Mentha Piueri'ta, M. Piperltis seu officina'-
lis  seu  balsame'a, Peppermint, (¥.)  Menthe poi-
vrSe. The odour of this variety  is strong and
agreeable.   Taste,  pungent,  aromatic, and pro-
ducing  a sensation of coldness  in  the mouth.
Virtues depend upon essential oil and camphor.
It is stomachic and carminative.  It is chiefly
used in  the form of essential oil—the  oleum men-
tha piperita.
  Essence  of Peppermint consists of ol. mentha
Pi?- 3'j> SP- "'""•  rect>f, coloured with  spinach
leavee, Oij.  See Tinctura olei menthae piperitae.
  Mentha Pule'gium, Pulegium, P. rega'le sen
latifo'lium, Glechon, Pennyroyal, Pudding graea,
(Prov.)  Hilwort,  Lurkey-diah, Organ, (¥.) Pou-
liot.  The  oil—O'leum pule'gii — possesses  the
virtues of the plant  It resembles tbe mints in 
MENTHASTRUM
58 5  .  MERCURII CALX VITRIOLATA
general in properties.  Amongst the vulgar, it is
esteemed an  emmenagogue.   Aqua  Pulegii,
Aqua Mentha pule'gii, Pennyroyal Water, is offi-
cinal in the Edinburgh  and Dublin Pharmaco-
poeias.
   Mentha  Romana, Balsamita suaveolens, Ta-
naeetum balsamita — m. Rotundifolia palustris,
M. aquatica — m. Saracenica, Balsamita  suaveo-
lens, Tanaeetum balsamita—m. Satjjra, M. viridis
—m. Spicata, M. viridis.
   Mentha Vir'idis, 31. Sativa seu vulga'rie seu
gentllie seu  epica'ta seu laviga'ta,  Spearmint,
(F.)  3Ienthe  eauvage ou verte  ou dee jardins,
 Baume dee jardine.   Odour strong,  aromatic;
taste warm, austere, bitterish.  Virtues the same
as those of  the peppermint.  The Oleum mentha
viridie is obtained from it.
   Mentha  Vulgaris, M. viridis.
   MENTHASTRUM, Mentha aquatica.
   31ENTHE AQUATIQUE, Mentha aquatica
— m.  Cervine, Mentha cervina — m. Coq, Tana-
 eetum  balsamita — m. Crepue, Mentha crispa —
m. FdeeSe,  Mentha crispa—m. dee Jardine, Men-
tha viridis — m. PoiirSe, Mentha piperita — m.
Romaine, Balsamita suaveolens—m. Rouge, Men-
tha aquatica — m. Sauvage, Mentha viridis — m.
 Verte,  Mentha viridis. .
   MENTIGO, Porrigo larvalis, Sycosis.
   3IENTIS31E, from mene,mentie, 'mind.'  Any
irregular movement of the  mind, whether from
emotion or a vivid imagination.—Baumes.
   MENTOBICORNEUS, Geniohyoides.
   MENTO-LABIAL, Mcnto-labia'lie, from men-
turn, 'the chin,'  and labium, 'a lip.'   Under this
name Chaussier has united the Levator labii in-
ferioris, and Quadratus muscles.   See  Depressor
labii  inferioris.
   Mento-Labial Furrow: a transverse depres-
sion situate between the lower lip and the chin,
which is remarkable for the perpendicular direc-
tion of the hairs growing upon it.
   3IENTON, Mentum.
   MENTONNIER, Mental—m. Labial, Depres-
sor labii inferioris.
   MENTONNIERE, see Funda.
   MENTULA,  Penis — m.  Muliebris, Cercosis,
Clitoris—m. Parva, Pipinna.
   MENTULAGRA, 3Ien'tagra.   A hybrid word,
from mentula, 'the penis,' and aypa, 'a seizure.'
A convulsive  erection of the mentula  or penis;
such as is said to be  sometimes observed in  eu-
nuchs.   See Pudendagra.
   MENTULATUS, Membrosus.
   MENTUM,  Genei'on,  Genlum,  Anthe'reon,
'the chin.'   (F.) Menton. The inferior and mid-
dle part of  the face, situate  below the  lower lip.
The chin is  formed of skiD, areolar tissue, mus-
cles, vessels, nerves,  and the os  maxillare infe-
rius.
   MENYANTHES  TRIFOLIA'TA,  Menyan'-
thea, 3Iinyan'thea, from pnv, 'a month,' and av&os,
'a flower,' because it keeps in  flower about a
month [?].   Trifia'lium paludo'eum seu aquat'icum
seu palue'tre seu fibrlnum,  Water trefoil, Buck-
bean, Bogbean.   Nat. Ord. Gentianaceae.  (F.)
Trifle (Teau ou dee Marais  ou de Caetor.  The
taste is intensely bitter, and is extracted by water.
It is tonic, anthelmintic, diuretic, cathartic, and,
in large doses, emetic.   In some  countries,  it is
used as a substitute for hops in making beer.
  Menyan'thes  Verna, American   buckbean,
Marsh trefoil, Water ehamrock, Bitter root, has
similar properties.
  MEOSIS, Meiosis.
  MEPHIT'IC,  Mephit'icue,  (¥.)  3ISphitiqite;
from  a Syriac  word,  signifying  'to  blow, to
breathe.'  Any thing possessed of an  unwhole-
»ome property; chiefly applied to  exhalations.
  Mephitic Acid, Carbonic acid — m. Air, Car-
bonic acid.
  MEPHITIS,  see  Mephitism — m. Hepatica,
Hydrogen, sulphuretted—m. Inflammabilis, Hy- *
drogen—m. Urinosa, Ammonia.
  •MEPH'ITISM, Mephitiem'ue, (¥.) 31Sphitisme.
Same etymon.  Any pernicious exhalation. 31 e-
phi'tie  and 3Iophe'ta, (¥.) 31ofette ou 3Ioufette,
are old names for azote;  and, in general, for all
exhalations and gases that are unfit for respi-
ration.
  MERACUS, Merus.
  MERAMAUROSIS, Hypamaurosis.
  MERAN^BSTHESIS,  3Ieranasthe'eia,  from,
ptpos, 'apart,' av, 'privative,'and atodnats, 'sen-
sation.'  Insensibility of a part of the body.
  MERATROPH'IA, from  ptpos,  'a part,' and
arpoipia, 'want of nourishment' Atrophy of some
part of the  body.
  MERCURE, Hydrargyrum—m. Bichlorure  de,
Hydrargyri oxymurias—m. Biiodure de, Hydrar-
gyri iodidum  rubrum—m. Bromuree de, see Bro-
mine—m. Corallin, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum—
im. avec la Craie, Hydrargyrum  cum  creta — m.
 Cru, Hydrargyrum — m. Cyanure de, Hydrargyri
cyanuretum—m. Deutiodure  de, Hydrargyri iodi-
dum  rubrum—m. Deuto-chlorure de, Hydrargyri
oxymurias — m. Doux, Hydrargyri  submurias —
m. Gommeux de Plenck, Syrupus de mercurio me-
diante  gummi—m. 3luriate oxygSnS de, Hydrar-
gyri oxymurias—m. Oxide  de, cendrS, Hydrar-
gyri oxydum  cinereum — m. Oxide grie de, Hy-
drargyri oxydum cinereum — m.  Oxide nitrique
de, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum — m. Oxide noir
de, Hydrargyri oxydum  cinereum — m.  Oxide
rouge de, Hydrargyri oxydum  rubrum—m. PSri-
iodure~de, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum—m. Pro-
tiodure de,  Hydrargyri iodidum — m. Protochlo-
rure de, Hydrargyri submurias—m. Protoxide  de,
Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — m.  Soue-muriate
de,  prScipitS,  Hydrargyrum  praecipitatum — m.
Soue-aulfate  de,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus — m.
Sulphure de, noir, Hydrargyri sulphuretum  ni-
grum — m.  Sulphure de, rouge, Hydrargyri sul-
phuretum rubrum.
  MERCU'RIAL, Mercuria'lie, (¥.) 3Tercuriel;
from mercuriue, ' mercury.' That which contains
or relates  to  mercury.   A preparation of mer-
cury—Hydrargyr'icum, Hydrargyr'ium.
  Mercurial Erethism, see Erethism—m.Rash,
Eczema" mercuriale.
  3IERCURIALE ANNUELLE, Mercurialis—
m. dee jBois,Mercurialis perennis—m. deChien, Mer-
curialis perennis—»i. Vivace, Mercurialis perennis.
  MERCURIA'LIS, 3Iercuria'lie an'nua,  French
mercury, (¥.) 3Iercuriale annttelle, Foirole, Rant-
berge, Vignoble ; Claee, Dioecia; Order, Ennean-
dria.  It has  been esteemed cathartic, hypnotio
and cosmetic,  and  has  been  chiefly used by way
of lavement.  See Chenopodium Bonus Henricus.
  Mercurialis  Humor, Humor  melanchol'icus.
A supposititious humour with  the  older physi-
cians, out of  which  they presumed that morbi
melancholici seu mereuria'lea arose.
  Mercurialis Peren'nis, Cynocram'be, Canina
brae'eiea, 31. monta'na,  31. Sylree'trie, Dog'e mer-
cury, (¥.) 31ercuriale vivace, M. de chien, 31. dee
boie.  This  plant is possessed of acro-narcotio
properties.
  M ERCURIALISMUS, Hydrargyriasis.
  MERCU'RIALIST, Mercurialie'ta,  from mer-
curiue, ' mercury.'  One inordinately addicted to
prescribing mercury.
  MERCURIALIZATION. Same etymon. The
state of being  affected  by mercury.  One under
the  influence  of  mercury is said  to  be  mercu-
rialized.
  MERCURII CALX  VITRIOLATA, Hydrar-
gyrus vitriolatus—m. Deuto-ioduretum, Hydrai 
MERCURIUS            58
gyri iodidum  rubrum—m. Proto-ioduretum, Hy- !i
drargyri iodidum—m. Sperma, Hydrargyrus ace-
tatus—m.  Terra foliata, Hydrargyrus acetatus.
  MERCURIUS, Hydrargyrum — m.  Acetatus,
Hydrargyrus  acetatus — m.  Alkalisatus, Hydrar-
gyrum cum creta, — m.  Calcinatus, Hydrargyri
oxydum rubrum—m. Causticus flavus, Hydrargy-
rus vitriolatus—m. Cinereus, Hydrargyri oxydum
cinereum—m. Cinnabarinus, Hydrargyri  sulphu-
retum rubrum—m. Corallinus, Hydrargyri nitri-
co-oxydum— m. Corrosivus, Hydrargyri  oxymu-
rias — m.  Corrosivus ruber, Hydrargyri  nitrico-
oxydum— m. Corrosivus sublimatus, Hydrargyri
oxymurias — m.  Cosmeticus, Hydrargyrum prae-
cipitatum— m. Dulcis, Hydrargyri submurias —
m.  Emeticus  flavus, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus —
m.  Gummosus  Plenckii, Syrupus de mercurio
me'diante  gummi—m. Luteus, Hydrargyrus vitri-
olatus—m. Mortis, Algaroth—m. Niger Moscati,
Hydrargyri  oxydum cinereum — m.  Nitrosus
calide paratus. see Hydrargyri nitras — m. Nitro-
sus frigore paratus, Hydrargyri nitras — m. Prae-
cipitatus corrosivus, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum
— m. Praecipitatus  niger,  Hydrargyri  oxydum
cinereum — m.  Saccharatus, Hydrargyrum sac-
charatum— m.  Solubilis   of  Hahnemann,  see
Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — m. Sublimatus
dulcis,  Hydrargyri  submurias — m.  cum  Sul-
phure,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum nigrum — m.
Terrestris, Polygonum  Hydropiper—m. Vitae,
Algaroth—m.  Zoticus  Hartmanni, Hydrargyri
submurias.
   MERCURY;  Hydrargyrum — m. Acetate of,
Hydrargyrus acetatus — m. Acid  nitrate of, see
Hydrargyri nitras — m. Ammoniated, Hydrargy-
rum  praecipitatum — m. Ammonio-chloride of,
Hydrargyrum praecipitatum — m. Bichloride of,
 Hydrargyri  oxymurias — m. Biniodide  of, Hy-
 drargyri  iodidum rubrum,  see Iodine—m. Bisul-
 phuret of, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum — m.
 Bromide  of, see  Bromine.
   Mercury  with  Chalk, Hydrargyrum cum
 creta,.
   Mercury,  Chloride  of,  Mild,  Hydrargyri
 Bubmurias — m.  Compound cerate of,  Ceratum
 Hydrargyri  compositum — m. Cyanuret  of,  Hy-
 drargyri  cyanuretum—m. Deuto-iodide of, see
 Iodine — m.  Dog's, Mercurialis  perennis — m.
 English,  Chenopodium bonus   Henricus — m.
 French,  Mercurial — m. Iodide  of,  Hydrargyri
 Iodidum — m. Iodide of,  red, Hydrargyri Iodi-
 dum rubrum.
    Mercury, Iodide of Chloride of, Iod'idum
 Hydrar'gyri chlo'ridi,  Hydrar'gyrum  ioda'tum
 cum  chlorido mereu'rii, (¥.) Iodhydrargyrite de
 chlorure  mercureux.  Made by the reaction of
 iodine on »wi7d chloride ofi  mercury. Two iodides
 may be prepared — the iodide and the biniodide.
 Both are violent irritants : the biniodide, espe-
 cially, is  a  powerful  caustic.   Both have been '■
 given  in scrofula.  The  biniodide is only used
 externally  like  nitrate  of silver  in scrofulous
 and certain syphilitic ulcerations.  An  ointment
 of the iodide (gr. xv ad adipis ^ij) is rubbed on
 scrofulous tumefactions.
    Mercury, Iodo-Arsenite  of, Arsenic  and
 Mercury, iodide  of—m. Muriate of, corrosive, Hy-
 drargyri oxymurias — m.  Muriate of, mild, Hy-
 drargyri submurias — m.  Nitrate of, Hydrargyri
 nitras — m.  Nitric oxyd of,  Hydrargyri nitrico-
 oxydum— m. Oxide of, black or gray, Hydrar-
 gyri oxydum cinereum—m.  Oxide of, red, Hy-
 drargyri oxydum  rubrum—m.  Oxymuriate of,
 Hydrargyri oxymurias—m. Periodide  of,  Hy-
 drargyri iodidum  rubrum — m.   Phosphuretted,
  Hydrargyria phosphoratus — m. Precipitate of,
 white, Hydrargyrum  praecipitatum — m. Proto-
 chloride  of,  Hydrargyri submurias — m. Protoio-
 dide of, see  Hydrargyri iodidum, and Iodine—m.
6           MERORRHEXIS
Prussiate of, Hydrargyri cyanuretum —m. Solu-
ble. Hydrargyri nitras—m. Subchloride  of,  Hy-
drargyri submurias — m. Submuriate of, Hydrar-
gyri submurias—m. Sulphuret of, black, Hydrar-
gyri sulphuretum nigrum—m. Sulphuret of,  red,
Hydrargyri  sulphuretum rebrum, Realgar — m.
Sulphuret of, with Sulphur, Hydrargyri Sulphu-
retum nigrum — m. Supernitrate  of,  Solution of,
see Hydrargyri nitras—m. Tartrate of, Hydrargyri
tartras—m. Three-seeded, Acalypha Virginica.
  Mercury and  Arsenic, Iodide  of,  Arsenic
and Mercury, Iodide of—m. and  Quinia, Proto
chloride  of, Hydrargyri et Quiniae  Protochlori-
dum.
  MERDA,  Excrement.
  MERDTVOMUS,  Copremetus.
  MERDUS, Excrement
  31ERE DES  PIANS, Pian — m. de Seigle,
Ergot.
  MEREMPHRAX'IS, from Mtpos, 'a part,' and
tpippa^is,  ' obstruction.'  Obstruction or infarction
of an organ.
  MERICUS, Local.
  MERIDROSIS, Sudor parfit'lie seu loca'lie;
from ptpos, ' a part,' and 'tipwetf, ' sweating.'  A
partial perspiration.
   MERIMNA, Cura.
   MERIMNE, Cura.
   MERISIER, Prunus avium.
   MERISM0PC3DIA  VENTRICULI,  Sarcina
ventriculi.
   MEROBALANEUM, Bath, partial.
   MEROBALNEUM, Bath, partial.
   MEROCE'LE,  Miroce'le, 31erorix'ie,  Meror-
rhex'ie,frompnpos,'the thigh,' and KnXn, 'tumour ;'
Hernia crura'lie seu femora'lie,Fern'ord or crural
hernia, (¥.) Hernie  crurale ou fiSmorale.   In this
hernia, the  viscera issue  from the  abdomen
through  the crural canal; or through an opening
immediately on the outer  side  of Gimbernat's
ligament, which  gives  passage to lymphatic ves-
sels.  This affection is more frequent in the female
than in  the male, and especially in  those who
have had  children.   The  tumour, formed  by
merocele, is generally  small, round, and more or
less difficult of reduction.  In  other respects, it
possesses all the  characters of hernia.   The neck
 of the sac has, close on the outside, the epigastric
 artery; above, the  spermatic cord and spermatic
 artery in the male — the round ligament in  the
 female;   on the inside, Gimbernat's ligament;
 and beiow, the pubes.  When the obturator artery
 arises from the epigastric, it  generally passes on
 the outside of and below tbe orifice of the sac;
 sometimes, however, it takes a  turn above, and
 then to  the inside  of  the opening.  J. Cloquet
 asserts, that of 134 cases, in one only did he find
 the epigastric artery on the inside  of the orifice
 of the sac.
    The operation, required in strangulation of this
 variety, may be practised on  the aponeurotic
 opening, by cutting downwards  and inwards on
 the side of Gimbernat's ligament.
    MEROCOXALGIA, Coxalgia.
    MEROL'OGY,  Merolog"ia,  (¥.)  3ISrologie,
 from ptpos, 'apart,' and Aoyoj, 'a discourse.' The
 branch of anatomy, which treats of tbe elementary
 constituents of the tissues and humours  of the
 organism.—Robin and Verdeil.
    MERO'PIA,  from  ptpos,  'a  part,' and oifis,
 'vision.'  A partial obscurity of vision.
    MERORIXIS. Merocele.
    MERORRHEU'MA, Rheumatie'mue partia'lie
 seu loca'lie seu  3Iembro'rum eingulo'rum ; from
J ptpos, 'a part,' and ptvua, 'defluxion, rheumatism.
Ij Rheumatism affecting a part.  Topical or local
| rheumatism.
!    MERORRHEXIS,  Merocele. 
MEROS
587
MESENTERY
  MERO^. Femur,  Thigh.
  MERRY-ANDREW. An itinerant quack, who
exposes his nostrums  for sale  at fairs and mar-
kets.   See Charlatan.—So called from Dr. An-
drew Boorde, who lived in the reigns of  Henry
VIII., Edward VI., and Queen Mary, and who
was in the habit of frequenting fairs and markets,
at which he harangued the populace.
  MERTENSIA   VIRGIN'ICA,  Pttlmona'ria
 Virgin'ica,  Virgin'ian Cowelip,  Smooth  Lung-
wort;  indigenous.  Family, Boraginaceae. The
plant is mucilaginous, and may be used as a de-
mulcent.
  MERULIUS, Morchella Esculenta—m. Auri-
cula, Peziza auricula.
  MERUS, -Mera'cue,  A'cratos, 'pure, genuine;'
as Vinum merum, unmixed wine.
  Merus, Femur," Thigh.
  MERVINE, MALE, Cypripedium luteum.
  MERYCISMUS, Rumination.
  31ER YCOLE, see Rumination.
  MERYCOLOG"IA, from pnpveaw,' I ruminate,'
and Xoyos,  ' a  description.'  Any work on rumi-
nation may be so termed.
  MERYPERTROPH'IA, from  ptpos, 'a part,'
and hypertrophia, ' supernutrition.' Hypertrophy
of a part.
  MESA, Genital organs.
  MESARjEUM, Mesentery.
  MESARAIC, Mesenteric.
  MESEMAR, Mismar.
  MESEMBRYANTHEMUM COPTICUM, see
Soda.
   Mesembryan'themum   Crystal'linum,   31.
fieo'i'des (ptenp/iptaw,  ' to do at noon,' because its
flowers expand at midday.) Diamond fig-mary-
gold,  Ice-plant, (¥.) Glaciate,  Crystalline.  Nat.
 Ord.  Ficoideae: a plant common  in the  neigh-
bourhood of  Cape Town.   It has been recom-
mended in  dysuria,  ischuria, and  some  other
affections of the urinary organs.
  Mesembryanthemum Edu'lB,  and 31.  acina-
eiforme. South African plants, are much used as
domestic remedies at the Cape.   The expressed
 juice of the leaves acts as an astringent in dy-
sentery, and as a mild diuretic.   It is also used
as an antiseptic gargle in malignant sore  throat,
violent salivation and aphthae, and as a lotion to
burns and scalds.
  Mesembryan'themum  Tortuo'sum,  also  a
South African plant, is said to possess- narcotic
properties.
  3IESENCEPHALE, Medulla oblongata, Pons
Varolii.
  MESENTERIC, 3Iesara'ic, 31eeenter'icue, Me-
eara'icue, 3Iesara'icue, (¥.) 3ISsentSrique,  3ISea-
raique; from  ptatvrtpiov, or  ptaapatov, 'the
mesentery.'  That which relates  or  belongs to
the mesentery.
  Mesenteric Arteries are two in number, and
distinguished  into,  1. The Superior meeenteric,
which arises from the anterior part of the abdo-
minal  aorta, below the coeliac.  It immediately
descends to the left,  forwards, behind the pan-
creas,  and in front of the third portion  of the
duodenum,—to gain the superior extremity of the
mesentery, where it makes a long curvature, the
convexity of which is turned forwards and to the
left.  Towards the termination of the ileum, it
ends  by anastomosing with a branch of  the A.
colica dextra inferior.   At its  concavity, it gives
off the three Arteria colica dextra, which  belong
to the great intestine; and, at its convexity, it
sends  off fifteen  or twenty branches, which are
distributed  to the small intestine, after  having
formed numerous arches by their anastomoses.
  2. The Inferior 3feaenteric  Artery arises from
the anterior part of the abdominal aorta, an inch
and a half before its termination.  It descends,
on the left side, behind the peritoneum;  engages
itself in  the substance of the  iliac  mesocolon,
forming  a  considerable  curvature, whose  con-
vexity faces the left side.  When it reaches the
brim of the pelvis, it passes along the posterior
separation of  the  mesorectum, and  attains the
neighbourhood of the anus, under the name Su-
perior hemorrhoidal artery.  It gives off no branch
at its concave part; but, from  the convex, the
three Arteria  colica eini8tra arise.
  Mesenteric Disease, Tabes mesenterica.
  Mesenteric Glands are the lymphatic gan-
glion's of the mesentery.   Through  them, the
chyliferous vessels pass to the thoracic  duct.
Their uses are unknown.  When diseased, nutri-
tion  is interfered with,  and atrophy produced.
  Mesenteric Hernia.   If one of the layers of
the mesentery be torn by a blow, whilst the other
remains  in its natural state, fhe intestines may
insinuate themselves into tbe aperture, and form
a kind of hernia.  It is not known during life.
  Mesenteric Plexuses are furnished by the
solar plexus, and  have been distinguished into
superior  and inferior;  like the mesenteric  arte-
ries which they accompany.
  Mesenteric or  Mesaraic Veins  are  two in
number,  and  belong to  the vena  porta.  They
are distinguished into, 1. The Superior meeenteric
or me8araic or great meaaraic.  This trunk re-
ceives, from above to below and on  the right side,
the  three vena  colica dextra  and the  Gaetro-
epiploica dextra.  Into its left side, the veins of
the small intestine open.  It passes  in front of
the transverse portion  of the  duodenum; and,
behind the pancreas, unites with the splenic vein
to concur in the  formation of the vena porta.
  The inferior or lesser mesenteric  vein corre-
sponds  to^the artery  of the  same  name, and
opens into the splenic, near the union of that
vein with the superior mesenteric, and behind the
pancreas.
  31ESENTERTQUE, Mesenteric.
  MESENTERIITIS,  Mesenteritis.
  MESENTERITIS,  Mesenteriltia, Emprea'ma
peritoni'tie meaenter'ica,  Enteri'tie mesenterica,
Inflamma'tion of the mesentery ; from ptatvrtpiov,
'mesentery,'  and  itia,  denoting  inflammation.
The  pain is here deeper seated and more imme-
diately in the mesenteric region.  The external
tenderness  is  less  than in some of the other
varieties  of peritonitis.
  MESENTERIUM,  Mesentery —m. Crassum,
Mesocolon.
  MESENTERON, Mesentery.
  MESENTEROPHTHISIS, Tabes mesenterica.
  MES'ENTERY,  Meeenter'ium,   3Ieaaralon,
Meaara'um, 3tedia'num,  3Iembra'na pinguie in-
teetino'rum, Lactes, 3Iesen'teron, 3Iesera'nm, 31e-
aora'um, Medium inteati'num, Epichor'die;  from
pteos. 'in the middle,' and tvrtpov, 'intestine.'
(F.)  3ISaentlre.  A term  in anatomy, applied to
several  duplicatures of  the peritoneum, which
maintain the  different  portions  of  the inte. tinal
canal in  their respective situations; allowing,
however,  more   or  less  motion.   They  are
formed of two laminae, between which are con-
tained the corresponding portion of intestine and
the vessels that pass to it   One  only of these
duplicatures  has received  the name meeentery,
properly  so called.  This belongs to the small
intestine, which  it suspends and retains  in eitu.
Its posterior margin, which is  the smallest, is
straight,  and  descends  obliquely from  the  left
side  of the body of the  second lumbar vertebra
to the right iliac fossa.  Its anterior margin is
curved,  undulating, plaited, and corresponds tc
the whole length  of the small intestine.  The
mesentery  contains,  between  the two  lamina 
MESERA               588               MESPILUS
which form it, a number of lymphatic ganglions;
the trunks and branches  of the mesenteric ves-
sels ; the nervous plexuses accompanying them,
and many lacteals and lymphatics.
  MESERA, Tutia.
  MESERjEUM, Mesentery.
  MESERAION, Mesentery.
  MESIAL, from ptaos,  'in the middle.'   Re-
lating or appertaining to the middle.
  Mesial Plane, an imaginary plane,  dividing
the head, neck, and trunk into similar halves,
towards  right  and left.   Every aspect towards
this plane is meeial; and every aspect towards
right or left is lateral; every lateral aspect being
dextral or einiatral.
   MESIAMUM, Aniceton.
   MESMER'IC, Meamer'icus;  from  Anthony
Mesmer, the great promulgator of animal magnet-
ism.  Relating to mesmerism or animal magnet-
ism :—as the ' mesmeric state,' ' mesmeric sleep,'
 Ac. Ac.
   MESMERISM, Magnetism, animal.
   MES'MERIST.  A practiser of, or believer in,
 mesmerism.
   MESMERIZATION, 3Iagnetiza'tion. The act
 of mesmerizing.  The state of being mesmerized.
   MES'MERIZED, ALsmeriza'tue, Mag'netized.
 Affected with  mesmerism or animal  magnetism.
 When the person is in a state of 'magnetic sleep,'
 he is said to be hyp'notized.
   MES'MERIZER, Animal  Magneti'zer, 3Iag-
 neti'zer.  One who practises mesmerism.
   MESMERO-PHRENOLOGY.Phreno-magnet-
 ism.
   MESO, ptaos, 'in the middle.'  A prefix to
 certain words.
   MESOBREGMATE, see Cranium.
   MES0O33'CUM, (meso and cacum).  A name
 given to a duplicature  of  the  peritoneum, (in
 some persons only,) at the posterior part of the
 caecum.
    3IES0CE"PHALE, Medulla oblongata,  Pons
 Varolii.
   MESOCHON'DRIAC, Meeochondrlacue; from
 meeo, and xov&pos, ' cartilage.'   A name given by
 Boerhaave to  fleshy fibres  situate between tbe
 cartilaginous rings of the-'trachea.
   MESOCOL'IC,  3Ieeoco'licue.   Same  etymon
 as the next.  Belonging or relating to the meso-
 colon.
    MESOCO'LON, 3Iesoco'lum, Meeenter'ium crae-
 eum, from meso, and kwXov, ' the colon.'  A name
 given  to the  duplicatures of the. peritoneum,
 which fix the different parts of the colon to the
 abdominal parietes.  It has received different
 names,  according to its situation.   The  right
 lumbar  meaocolon fixes the ascending colon to the
 corresponding  lumbar  region.   The  transverae
 mesocolon arises  from the concave  arch of the
 colon, and forms a septum between the epigastric
 and umbilical  regions.   Its  inferior portion  is
 continuous with the mesentery. The left lumbar
 meaocolon, which contains the ascending colon, is
 continuous below with the Riac mesocolon.   The
 last includes between its layers the sigmoid flex-
 ure of  the colon,  and ends in the mesorectum.
 Under  the right kidney, it is  narrow and firm,
 and forms the right lig'ament of the colon: at the
 under end of the  left kidney, it forms  the left
 lig'ament of the colon.
    MESOCRANIUM,  Sinciput
    MESOCRANUM, Sinciput.
    MESODERMUM, Corpus mucosum.
    MESODME, Mediastinum.
    MESODMITIS, fromptaoipn, (ptaos, 'middle,'
 and bopos, 'a building:.') 'the mediastinum.' and
 itie, 'inflammation.' 31esotachltis. Mediastini'tie,
 Inflamma'tio  mediasti'ni.  Inflammation of the
  ueuiastinum.
  MESOEPIDID'YMIS,  from uteos,  'middle.'
and tmSiovpts, ' epididymis.'  A double serous
fold, like  the mesocolon, formed by the tunica
vaginalis passing  from the body of the epididy-
mis, and uniting it to tbe testicle.
  MESOGASTRIUM, Umbilical region.
  Mesogastrium  Mulleri. A portion of mesen-
tery, which passes from the vertebral column to
the left curvature  of the stomach.
  MESOGLOSSUS, Genioglossus.
  MESOGLOTTUS, Genioglossus.
  ME^OGONIUM, Internodium.
  MESOLO'BAR.  Belonging  "or  relating  to
the 3fesolobe or Corpus callo'eum.
  Mesolobar Arteries, Arte'ria  meeolob'ica,,
A.  cor'poris callo'ei cer'ebri, are the arteriee  of
the corpus callosum.
  3IESOLOBE,  Corpus callosum.
  MESOMER'IA, from  m£so,  and  ptpos,  'the
thigh.' The  parts of the body situate between
the thighs and hips.
   MESOMERION, Perinaeum.
   MESOMPHALUM, Umbilicus.
   MESOPHLEB'IUM, from  meeo, and <pXt\p, 'a
vein;'  Interve'nium.   The space  between two
veins.
   MESOPH'RYON, Glabella, Gabel'la, Intercil-
ium,  3Ieto'pium,  Nasal eminence, from meeo, and
 oippva,  'the eyebrows.'   The part  between the
 eyebrows.
   MESOPLEURIUM, Intercostal space.
   MESOPLEURIUS, Intercostal.    .
   MESOR^EUM, Mesentery.
   MESOR'CHIUM, from meeo, and op^u, 'ates-
 ticle.'  A duplicature of the  peritoneum, which
 supports the  testicle in its passage from the abdo-
 men  into the scrotum.—Seiler.
   MESORECTUM.  A hybrid word ; from  meeo,
 and rectum, 'the  intestine rectum.'  A triangular
 reflection, formed by the peritoneum, between  the
 posterior surface  of the rectum  and the anterior
 surface of the  sacrum.  Between tbe two layers
 of which the meso rectum is  composed are found
 much areolar tissue, and the termination <)f  the
 inferior mesenteric vessels.
    MESOS, Meso.
    MESOSCEOCELE. Hernia, perineal.
    MESOSCELON, Perinaeum.
    MESOSCELOPHY'MA, from Meeoecelon,(meeo%
 and  oKtXos, 'leg,') 'perinaeum,' and ipvpa, 'swel-
 ling.'  A tumour of the perinaeum.
    MESOTH'ENAR,  from ptaos, and Stvap, ' tbe
 thenar,'  'the  palm  of  the  hand.'   A  muscle,
 which carries  the thumb   towards  the  palm.
 Winslow applied the  term to the abductor polli-
 cis, united to the deep-seated portion of the flexor
 brevis pollicis.
    MESOT'ICA,  from ptaos,  'middle.'  Diseases
 affecting the parenchyma.  Pravity in the  quan-
 tity  or quality of the intermediate or connecting
 substance of organs ; without inflammation,  fever,
 or other derangement of the general health.   The
 first Order, class Eccritica of Good.
    MES0TO5CHITTS, Mesodmitis.
    MESOTC3CHIUM. Mediastinum.
    MESOTffiCIirM,  Mediastinum.
    MES'PILUS,  Meepilue German'ica sen domet'-
 tica.   Ord. Rosaceae.   Tbe medlar, (F.) NSflier.
 The  fruit (F.) Nlfle, and seeds  of the medlar
 have both been used medicinally :—the immature
j fruit as an astringent, and the  seeds in nephritic
 diseases. See Crataegus Aria and Sorbus aeuparia.
    Mespilus Aria, Crataegus  aria—m. Domestica,
! Mespilus, Sorbus domestica—m. Germanica, Mes-
L pilus—m. Intermedia, Mespilus  oxyacantha__m.
 Laevigata. Mespilus oxyacantha.
Ij    Mespilus Oxyacan'tha,  M. Oryacantho'i'dcs
 seu interine'dia sen laviga'ta. Oxyacantha,  Spina
'i a/6a,  White Hawthorn. (¥.)  Aubepine.    The 
MET A
589
METAMORPHOPSIA
flowers  of  this  uncommon European plant are
sometimes used in infusion as a pectoral.
  Mespilus  Oxyacanthoides, Mespilus  oxya-
cantha.
  META, ptra, Meth,'  ptd',  'with,' 'together
with,' 'after,' 'change of form and place.'  A
common prefix to-words.  Hence:
  METAB'ASIS,  Tran'eitue,  31etab'ole,  Meta-
bolia, Metallage,  3Ietallax'ie, from ptrafiatvw,
(meta, and fiatvw, ' I go,') ' I digress.'  A change
of remedy, practice, Ac—Hippocrates.
  METABOLE,' Metabasis, Transformation.
  METABOLEL'OGY,  Metabolelog"ia; from
utrajioXn, (meta, and jiaXXw,) 'change,' and Xoyos,
'a  description.'  A  description of the  changes
which supervene in the course of a disease.
  METABOLIA, Metabasis.
  METABOL'IC,  3Ietabol'icue,  from  ptraQoXn,
'change.'  Appertaining to  change or transfor-
mation.
  Metabolic Force.   Vie metabol'ica.   A term
employed by Schwann for the power possessed
by  living cells  of changing the character  of the
substapces brought in contact with them.
  METACAR'PAL, 3Ietacarpia'nue, (¥.) 3ISta-
carpien.  From meta,  and xapiros, 'wrist'  Re-
lating or belonging to the metacarpus.
   Metacarpal Artery, Arte'ria doraa'lis meta-
car'pi, arises from the radial, at  the moment it
engages itself in the upper extremity of the ab-
ductor indicis.  It descends obliquely upon the
back of the  hand.  Its branches  are distributed
to the  abductor indicis, and  the integuments:
some communicate with the dorsalis carpi.
  Metacarpal Articula'ttons  are those by
which the  last four metacarpal bones are united
together at their upper extremity.
  Metacarpal Bones, or bones which  compose
the  metacarpus, are five in number; and distin-
guished into first,  second, third,  Ac, beginning
from the outer or radial side.   They are articu-
lated by their superior extremity  with the bones
of the second range of the carpus;  and by the
lower with the first phalanges.
  ' Metacarpal Lig'ament, Infe'riorpalmltr Lig'-
ament, is a fibrous band, stretched transversely
before the  inferior extremities  of the  last four
metacarpal bones, which it keeps in their respec-
tive positions.
  Metacarpal Phalan'ges  are the first pha-
langes of the fingers; so 'called, because they
are articulated with the bones of the metacarpus.
  Metacarpal Range  or  row  of the  carpal
bones, (F.) RangSe mStacarpienne  du carpe, is
the lower row of carpal bones ;  so called because
they are articulated with the bones of the meta-
carpus.   It is composed, of the trapezium,  trape-
Eoides, magnum, and unciforme.
  METACARPEUS, Abductor metacarpi minimi
digiti.
  METACARPIEN, Metacarpal — m. du Petit
doigt, Opponens minimi digiti—m. du Pouce, Op-
ponens pollicis.
  METACARPION, Metacarpus.
  METACARPO-PHALANG.EUS POLLICIS,
Adductor pollicis manus^
  METACAR'PO-PHALAN'GIAN, 3Tetacarpo-
phalangia'nue, 3Ietacarpo-phal'angal, (¥.)  3ISta-
carpo-phalangien.   That which belongs to the
metacarpus and phalanges.
  Metacarpo-Phalangian or Metacarpo-Pha-
langal Articulations are formed by the bones
of the metacarpus  and the corresponding pha-
langes.  In these articulations, the bony surfaces
are incrusted with  cartilage, covered by a syno-
vial membrane, and kept in connexion by means
of an anterior and two lateral ligaments.
  METACARPO-PHALANGIEN LA TERAL
SUS-PALMAIRE,^ ET METACARPO-PHA-
LANGIEN LATERAL, Interosseus  manus.
  METACAR'PUS, same  etymon, as Metacar-
pal.  3Ietacar'pion, Poetbrachia'le, Postcar'pium,
To'rsus manfta, (¥.) 31Stacarpe.   The part of the
hand  comprised  between the carpus and fingers.
It is composed of five parallel hones, called metu-
carpal; forming the back of the hand, externall;,
and the palm internally.
  METACERASMA, Cerasma.
  METACHEIRIXIS, Surgery.
  METACHIRISIS. Surgery.
  METACHIRISMUS, Surgery,
  METACHORESIS,  Metastasis.
  METACHYSIS, Transfusion.
  METACINEMA, Metastasis.
  METACINESIS, Metastasis.
  METACONDYLE, see Phalanx.
  METACYE'SIS, from meta, and Kvnets, 'preg-
nancy ;'  Gravid'itas extra-uterina eecunda'ria.
Extra-uterine pregnancy in which the foetus is at
first in the  uterus, but subsequently  in some
other place.
  METADERMATOSIS, from meta, and Stppa,
' skin.'  A  morbid development  of the epidermis
or epithelium.
  METAGEN'ESIS, (F.) MetagSnlee, Alternate
genera'tion, from ptra,  and  ytvttris, 'generation.'
A term, proposed by Professor Owen, to express
the  changes of form, which  one animal species
undergoes  in a  series  of successively produced
individuals, extending  from  the one developed
from the ovum to that which  becomes the imago
or last perfected individual.   This term he em-
ploys in contradistinction to metamorphoeie, which
he restricts to the changes of form undergone by
one and the  same individual.   See  Generation,
alternate.
  METAL, 3Ietallum.  From ptraXXaw, 'I seek
after.'   A class  of  simple,  combustible bodies ;
distinguished from others by considerable specific
gravity; a particular  splendour;  almost  total
opacity; insolubility in water:  and the property
they have of ringing when struck.  Metals  have
no effect, except of a mechanical nature, when
taken into the stomach; unless they have already
undergone, or undergo in the stomach, oxidation
or union with an acid; when, at times, delete-
rious  compounds may be formed.  Copper cents ;
half-pence ; quicksilver; lead,  have  frequently
been  swallowed  in  the  metallic state  with im-
punity.  Tin and mercury  are  the only metals
prescribed for a mechanical effect; the former aa
an anthelmintic,—the latter, idly enough, in cases
of fancied intussusception.
  METAL DES CLOCHES, Bell-metal.
  METALLAGE, Metabasis.
  METALLAXIS, Metallage.
  METALLIC VOICE,  Tintement mStallique.
  METALLODYN'IA, from ptraXXov, 'a metal,'
and  olwn,  ' pain.'   Pain owing to the  injurious
influence of a metal—as lead, quicksilver, Ac.
  METALLUM,  Metal —m. Haematopoeticum,
ferrum.
  METAMORPHOPSIA, Phantaemaeeop'ia,
Phantaematoecop'ia, from ptrapopipow, (ptra  and
poptpn, 'form,') 'I transform, and oxpts, 'vision.'
Suffu'sio, S. Oculo'rum seu  metamorphop'eie seu
myo'des, Imagination   (Maitre-Jean);  Crupsia,
Marmar'yge,  Marmor'yge,  Mac'ula ante oc'uloe
volitan'tee,  Marau'gia,  Oc'uli  marmarygo'dee,
Vie'io phantas'matum,  Visits defigttra'tus,  False
eight,  (F.)  Berlue.   Aberration  of tbe sense of
sight, which transmits the image of imaginary ob-
jects.. This affection  sometimes depends on  a
slight opacity in the transparent parts of the eye;
the  cornea,  crystalline, or vitreous humour, when 
METAMORPHOSIS          590             METATHESIS
it is symptomatic and of no  consequence.  At '
other times, it appears to  be idiopathic ; and oc- |
curs particularly in those who  have been in the \
habit of constantly  fixing their  eyes on  very
brilliant or small bodies.   The objects fancied to
be seen are various.  They are sometimes circu-
lar; perpetually moving; or shining, or black spots,
cobwebs, insects, or pieces  of wool—when they
are  often termed Muaca seu  Flocci volitan'tea,
(¥.) Alouchea volantea, and the condition Viaue
muaca'rum, Scotom'ata, Suffu'eio 3Iyo'dee, 3lyio-
deop'eia, Myiodop'eia, 3Iyodeopeia, Myodeso'pia,
 Visue mueca'rum.  These appea ances sometimes
continue for a few days;  being dependent on the
state of the  nerves of the individual at the time;
or they may exist for life, and ultimately impair
the sight.  Certain of them change their position,
and appear to be seated  in the humours of the
eye, and—it has  been supposed—in the vitreous
humour more especially:  hence  the term ento-
hy'aloid muaca applied to them.
  If the  affection be symptomatic,  it is of but
little moment.  If idiopathic, and connected with
any excitement of the brain, which is not often
the  case, attention will have  to be paid to that
organ.
  METAMORPHOSIS,  see Metagenesis.
  Metamorphosis Ventriculi Gelatiniformis,
 Gastromalacia.
   METANGISMOS, Decantation.
   METAPEDIUM, Metatarsus.
   METAPHRENON, Dorsum.
   METAPHYTEIA, Transplantatio.
   METAPODIUM, Metatarsus.
   METAP0R0P03'A,   Metaporopoe'eie,  from
 meta, iropos,  ' a pore,' and irottiv, ' to make.'  The
 change produced in the  minute pores, in the ca-
 pillary extremities  of vessels, — whfen they pass
 from the morbid to the healthy condition.—Galen.
   METAPTOSIS, Metaschematis'mus, 3Ietaeche-
 malisis.   Mutation,  change;  from  ptrairiirrw,
 (ptra, and  irnrrw,  ' I fall,')  ' I  digress.'   Any
 change in the form or seat of a disease.   Trans-
 formation.
   METARRH03'A,  3Ietar'rhysie,  from  meta,
 and ptw, ' I flow.'   Reflux.   The transfer of  a
 disease from without to within, or from one part
 to  another.
   METARRHYSIS, Metarrhoea.
   METASCHEMATISIS, Metaptosis.
   METASCHEMATISMUS,  Metaptosis.
   METASTASIS,  3Ietachore'sis,  Metacine'ma,
 Metacine'eis, from ptdiarnut, (ptra, and tarnpt, ' I
 place,') ' I change place.'  Diaplaee'ment, Trans-
 la'tion.   A change in the seat of a disease; at-
 tributed, by the  Humorists, to the translation of
 the morbific matter to a part  different from that
 which it had  previously occupied: and by the
 Solidists, to the displacement of the irritation.
 It has also been  used in  the same extensive sense
 as  Metaptosis.  Disputes have  often  been in-
 dulged, whether a case  of metastasis ought not
 -ather to be esteemed one of extension of the dis-
 ease.   The phenomena  of gout and acute rheu-
 matism are  in favour of metastasis occasionally
 supervening.
    Metastasis Lactis,  Galactoplania, Phlegma-
 tia dolens.
    METASTAT'IC, Metastat'icus, (F.)  3lStasta-
 tique.  Belonging or relating to  metastasis.   A
 metaetatic crieie  is one produced by metastasis;—
 a metaetatic affection, one caused by metastasis,
 Ac.  See Abscess, metastatic.
    METASYN'CRISIS,  from  meta, and  evyKpivw,
 (any,  and Kpivw,  ' I choose,'  ' I judge.')   Recom-
 poei'Hion.   A word employed by some  disciples
 of  Asclepiades.  This physician supposed, that
 all animals are  formed  by the union or assem-
 blage of atoms.  He designated all bodies by the
word  evyKpipara, which  signifies  ' assemblage.
IvyKpivta^at,  ' to be  assembled,' was, with him'
synonymous with 'to exiet;' and iiaapivtaSai,  'to
separate,' was, with  him, synonymous  with  ' to
dieeolve,' ' to cease  to exiet.'   The word 3Ietasyn-
crisis was invented to express the recomposition
of  bodies  after  their  momentary  dissolution.
Some have rendered  the  word' by the Latin Re-
corpora' tio.
  METASYNCRIT'IC, 3Ietasyncrit'icus, Recor-
porati'vus.  Belonging or relating to metasyncri-
sis.  A name  formerly  given to medicines  to
wljich was attributed the virtue of producing the
metasyncrisis or regeneration of the  body, or
some of its parts.
  Metasyncritic Cycle meant a  determinate
series of remedies employed for this purpose.
  METATARSAL.  3Ielatar'sens, (F.)  31Statar-
sien.   Same  etymon as metatarsus.  Relating or
belonging to the metatarsus.
  Metatarsal Artery, Artere eue-mStatardenne
of  Chaussier, arises from the Arteria  dorea'lie
Tarei; passes transversely over the back of the
foot; and  furnishes, at  its convexity,  which is
anterior,  three  branches,  called A. interos'sea
dorea'lee Pedie.  These branches are distributed
in the interosseous spaces.
  Metatarsal Articula'tions are those result-
ing from the junction of the metatarsal  bones
with  each other.   They are strengthened, behind,
by doreal and plantar  ligaments; and before, by
a transverse metatarsal ligament, which is plantar,
and has the greatest analogy  to the inferior trans-
verse metacarpal ligament.
   Metatarsal Bones, (F.)  Os mStatarsiens, are
five in number, and  distinguished by their num-
ber; first, second, third,  Ac, reckoning from the
outer side.
   Metatarsal Phalanges  are  the  first pha-
langes of  the toes; so  called because they are
united to the metatarsus.
   Metatarsal Row—(F.) RangSe mStatareienne
— of the bones of the tarsus, is the second row,.
or  that contiguous  to the metatarsus;  compre-
hending the cuboides and three cuneiform bones:
some add the scaphoides.
   METATARSEUS, see Abductor minimi digiti
pedis^
   31ETATARSIEN, Metatarsal.
   METATARSO - PHALAN' GTAN, 3Ietatarso-
 phalangia'nus,  Metatareo • phalangal.  Relating
to  the metatarsus and  phalanges.
   Metatarso-Phalangian  or Metatarso-pha-
 langal Articulations  are  formed by the bones
 of the metatarsus and  the  corresponding pha-
 langes. They bear  the  greatest analogy  to the
 metacarpo-phalangian articulations.
   31ETA TARSO-PHALANGIEN-LA TJ2RAL,
 see Interossei pedis — m. Sotts-phalangien trans-
 versal du premier orteil,  Transversus pedis.
   METATARSUS, Metatar'eium, 3Ietape'dium,
 3Ietapo'dium,  Pracor'dium   sen  So'lum  pedis,
  Veetig"ium  pedie,  (¥.) 3IStataree, from utra,
 4 after,' and rapeos, ' the tarsus.'  That part of the
 foot which is situate between the tarsus and toes,
 corresponding with  the  metacarpus.  It is com-
 posed  of five parallel bones; one  to  each toe.
 Like  the  metacarpal  bones, they are developed
 from two points of ossification.
   METATH'ESIS,  from  unartful,  (ptra, and
 ndnpi, 'to place,')  T change place.'   Tranepo-
 dt"io.  An operation, by which a morbific agent
 is  removed from one  place  to another, where it
 may produce less disturbance in the exercise  of
 the functions:—as,  for example,  in the operation
 of depressing cataract,  or when calculus  in the
 urethra is pushed back  into the bladder.   Also
 Derivation.                                  ' 
METATIO               591               METRAUXE
  METATIO, Mensuration.                    i
  METATOC'IA, from meta, and tokos, 'birth.'
Parturition in a preternatural manner.  Preter-
natural labour.
  METATOPTOSIS, Diadexis.
  METENSOMATOSIS, Incorporation.
  METEORISMUS, Sublimation. Tympanites.
  METEOROL'OGY, 3teteornlog"ia,  from  pe-
rtwpos, (meta, and aiwpcw, ' I lift up,') ' a meteor,'
and Aoyoj, ' a discourse.'   The science, whose ob-
ject is a knowledge of the origin, formation, ap-
pearance,  Ac. of meteors.  The state of the at-
mosphere  has a most important bearing upon
the health of animals.   Every epidemic  affec-
tion has  its causes seated there.   Meteorolo-
gical conditions have, hence, ever been attended
to by the  physician for  the  purpose of  de-
tecting the  precise character of  any particular
epidemic influence.  The barometer, thermometer,
and hygrometer are the instruments used with
this intent—to detect, as well the varying weight
or pressure, and the temperature, as the moisture.
Perhaps, of the  three conditions, the last exerts
more influence in the production of  disease than
either of the others.  Our knowledge, however,
of this part of physics is  extremely limited  and
unsatisfactory.
  METER, ptrpov,' a measure.'  A suffix to words
denoting ' a measure,' as in Barometer, Plexime-
ter, Ac.
  METH.  A prefix to terms. Same signification
as Meta.
  METH^EMACHYMIA, Transfusion.
  METH^l'MATA; from meth, and 'aipa, 'blood.'
The capillary or intermediate system of vessels in
which the  blood undergoes the change  from
venous  to arterial, and conversely. — Marshall
Hall.  See Capillary vessels.
  METHE, Temulentia.
  METHEGLIN, Melizomum.
  METIIEMERINUS, Quotidian.
  METHOD, 3Ieth'odue,  from  meth, and  'oSos,
' way.'  This word has  different acceptations in
the  sciences.   In  medicine,  curative  method,
meth'odue meden'di, is the methodical treatment
of disease.
  Method of Counting, Method, numerical—m.
Mariano's, see Lithotomy.
  Method,  Numer'ical, 31ethod of Observation
or of Counting, of Louis, (F.) 3ISthode numSrique,
consists in observing every case and every symp-
tom of a case numerically, so as to ensure, as far
as  practicable, accuracy of observation; and to
enable us, by the analysis and  collation of such
facts, to deduce general  laws  and  conclusions.
Also, the application of numbers to  the study of
disease.   See Statistics, medical.
  METHODE  NU3IERIQUE, Method, nume-
rical, Statistics,  medical — m. Perturbatrice, Per-
turbatrix  (Medicina) — m.  Stibio-dermique, see
Unguentum antimonii.
  METHODICS, Methodists.
  METHODIQUES, Methodists.
  METH'ODISTS, Method'ical sect, Mefhod'ice,
(F.)  MSthodietee,  MSthodiquee.   Same  etymon.
A sect of  physicians whose doctrine  was in vogue
after that of the  Empirics  and Dogmatists, to-
wards the end  of the first- century.  According
to  the Methodists, of whom Themison was the
chief, almost every disease is dependent on con-
traction  or relaxation — etrictum or laxum.  To
these two causes, they added a third — mixed or
compound—to include those affections which par-
took  of the two characters.  The doctrine, me-
dicina method'ica, resembled, in some respects,
that of Brown.
  METHODOL'OGY(MEDICAL), Methodo-
log"ia Med'ica, from ucdo&os,' method,' and Xoyos,
'a discourse.'  A word used, by the French more
especially, to signify method applied to the study
of any  science.  Medical  Methodology,  conse-
quently, means method  applied to the study of
medicine.
  METHODUS CATALEPTICA, see Cataleptic
— m.  Celsiana, see Lithotomy — m.  Curatofia,  •
Therapeutics.
  Methodus Derivato'ria.  The derivative or
revellent system of treatment
  Methodus Endermat'ica seu Enderm'ica, see
Endermic — m. Franconiana,  see Lithotomy —
m.  Guytoniana, see  Lithotomy — m. Medendi,
Method of cure, Therapeutics.
  METHOMA'NIA,  from ptdn,  'drunkenness,'
and pavia, 'mania.'  An irresistible desire for in-
toxicating substances.  Temulentia.
  METHU,  see Temulentia, Wine.
  METHYLE, HYDRATED OXIDE  OF,  Spi-
ritus pyroxylicus.
  METHYLENE,  BIHYDRATE OF, Spiritus
pyroxylicus.
  METHYSIS, Temulentia.
  METHYSMUS. Temulentia.
  METHYSTICUS, from  ntdn, 'drunkenness.'
That which  causes, or pertains to, drunkenness.
   METHYSTOPHYL'LUM GLAUCUM.
A South African plant, Nat. Ord. Amyridaceae,
an  infusion  of whose leaves is pleasant to the
taste, and is  used in bronchitis, asthma, and other
thoracic diseases. With the Bushmen  and others,
it is a favourite beverage, and is  called by them
Boechjeemansthee, ' Bushman's tea,'   It is, also,
chewed.
  3IETIS, Hybrid.
  3IETISSAGE, Crossing.
  METODONTI'ASIS, from meta, and ooovnaats,
'dentition.'  Faulty development of the teeth.
  METOPAGES, Syraphyocephalus.
  METOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses.
  METOPANTRAL'GIA, from  ptrwirov (ptra,
and &>\J>, 'the eye')  'the  forehead,' avrpov, 'a ca-
vity,' and  aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain  in  the frontal
sinuses.
  METOPANTRITIS, Inflamma'tio ei'nuum
fronta'liiim,  from metopantra, and itie, denoting
inflammation.   Inflammation of  the  frontal
sinuses.
   METOPION, Bubon galbanum.
   METOPIUM. Mesopbryon.
   METOPODYNIA, Neuralgia frontalis.-
   METOPON, Front, Frontal bone.
   METOPOS'COPY, 3Ietopoecop'ia, from ptrwirov,
(ptra, and  w\l>, 'the  eye,') 'the forehead,' and
oKotrtiv, ' to  view.'  The  art of knowing the tem-
perament  and character of a person by inspect-
ing the traits  of his forehead or face.   See Phy-
siognomy.
   METRA,  pnrpa, Uterus.
   METR.E, Secundines.
   METRiEMORRHAGIA, Metrorrhagia.
   METR^MORRHOI'DES,  from  metra,  and,
'atpoppoiits,  'hemorrhoids.'  Hemorrhoids or va-
ricose veins  at the orifice of the uterus.
   METRAL'GIA,  Metrodynia, from metra, and
aXyos, ' pain.'   Pain in the uterus.
   METRANJ3'MIA,  from metra, and anamia.
An anaemic  condition of the uterus.
   METRANASTROPHE, Uterus, inversion of
the.
   METRANEURYSMUS, Metreurysma.
   METRATRESIA,  Imperfora'tio  u'teri, from
metra, and arpnata, 'imperforation.'  An unnatu-
ral closure of  the uterus.
   METRATROPH'IA, from metra, a,' privative,'
and rpoipn, ' nourishment'  Atrophy  or want of
development of the uterus.
   METRAUX'E,  Hypertroph'ia  seu  Sarco'eie 
METRECTASIA            592
n'teri. from metra, and  av£n, ' increase.'  Hyper-
trophv of the uterus.
  METRECTASIA, from metra, and e«cra<ris,' di-
latation.'  Dilatation of the womb.
  METRELCOSIS, Aletrhelco'eis, from metra,
and 'iXkos, 'an ulcer.'  Ulceration of the uterus.
  METREMPHRAXT3,  from metra, and
tpippaaaw, ' I obstruct'   Obstruction of the womb
or of the vessels of  the womb — Infiarc'tus u'teri.
A name under which  some authors have con-
founded chronic inflammation of that viscus, and
the different degenerations to which it is exposed.
  METREMPHYSEMA, Physometra.
  METREN'CHYTA, 3Ietren'chytee, from merra,
and tyxvw, T  inject'   Injection of the  uterus.
Substances  injected into the  uterus  are called
Metreil chyta.
  METREURYS'MA,   31etraneurya'mua,  from
metra, and tvpvs, ' dilated.'  A  morbid dilatation
of the womb.
  METRHELCOSIS, Metrelcosis.
  METRHYMENITIS, see Metritis.
  METRIOPATHI'A,  from ptrpios, 'tempered,'
*nd irabos,  'affection.'   State   of  an  individual
whose passions are temperate.
  METRITIS, from  metra, and  itie, denoting
inflammation.  Febrie  uterina,  Hysteri'tis, Em-
pree'ma Hysteri'tis, Inflamma'tio  U'teri, Metro-
phlogo'eis, Inflammation of the Uterue or Womb,
(¥.) Inflammation de  la matrice.  The  charac-
teristic symptoms of this  affection are: —pain,
swelling, and  tenderness in the hypogastric re-
gion ;  with heat, pain, and tenderness of the os
uteri;  vomiting, smallness, and  frequency of
pulse.   It occurs most  frequently  after delivery,
Lochometrltie, when there is generally  suppres-
sion of  the  lochial discharge.  The  treatment
must be vigorous,—bleeding early, so as to make
a decided impression;  followed by a full dose of
opium, fomentations, blisters, Ac.
   Acute inflammation  of the womb, seated in its
internal memrSrane,Endo-metrlti8,Metrhymenltie,
Enmetrltis, has been called Inflamma'tio catar-
rha'lie u'teri  or Acute catarrh,  (¥.)   Catarrhe
 aigu,  of that  viscus.  It is known by  the dis-
 charge of a clear, stringy fluid  per vaginam; pre-
 ceded  by pains, which, from the hypogastric
region,  shoot  to the  thighs, groins, Ac, with
more or less fever.  It  requires the antiphlogistic
treatment.  Chronic metritie sometimes  succeeds
the acute.  To it must be referred the  indura-
 tions,  observed in the uterus, and many of the
 leucorrheal discharges  to which females are
 subject.
   Metritis  Rheumatica,  Metrorrheuma — m.
 Septica, Metrocace—in. Venosa, see Phlebitis.
   METR0BLENNORRHO3A, Leucorrhoea uteri.
   METROBLENNOZEMIA, ieucorrhoea uteri.
   METROBOTRYTES, Cauliflower excrescence
 of the uterus.
   METROCACE, Metritie eep'tica, from metra,
 and xaxos,  'evil.'   Putresceney or gangrene of
 the uterus.
   METROCAMPSIS, Ilysteroloxia.
   METROCARCINO'MA,   Hyeterocarcino'ma,
  U'teri carcino'ma, Cancer u'teri, from metra, and
 KafiKivwpa, 'cancer.'  Cancer of the uterus.
   METROCATARRHUS, Leucorrhoea uteri.
   METROCELE, Hysterocele.
   METROCELIDES, Naevus.
   METROCHOLOSIS, from  metra,  and ^oAoj,
 'bile.'  Febrie puerper a'lie bilio'ea.
   METRODYNIA, Metralgia.
   METROH-35'MIA, HypermetrohSmie,  from me-
 tra, and 'aipa, 'blood.'  Hyperaemia  or conges-
 tion of blood in the uterus.
   METROHEMORRHAGE, Metrorrhagia.
   METR0LEUC0RRHO3A, Leucorrhoea uteri.
   METROLOXIA,  Hysteroloxia.
METRORRHAGIA
|    METROMALACOMA. Hysteromalacia.
    METROMALACOSIS, Hysteromalacia.
    METROMANIA, Nymphomania.
    METROMY'ZEUS, from  metra, and pv^w, 'I
  suck.'  An exhausting syringe, to be  applied tc
  the os uteri, for exhausting the womb in cases of
  amenorrhoea.
    METRONCUS, Hysteroncus.
    METROPARAL'YSIS, from metra,  and irapa-
  Xvats, 'paralysis.'  Paralysis of the uterus.
    METROPATHI'A, from metra, and  irados, 'af-
  fection.'  An affection of the womb.
    3IETRO-PICRITON1TE  PUERPERALE,

    METROPERITONITIS,  from  metra,  and
  'peritonitis.'   Inflamma'tio  u'teri  et peritona'i.
  Inflammation of  the uterus  and  peritoneum.
  Puerperal Fever.  See Peritonitis.
    METROPHLEBITIS, from metra, tpXtiji, 'a
  vein, and itie, denoting inflammation.  Inflam-
  mation of the veins of the uterus.
    Metrophlebitis Puerperalis, see  Phlebitis.
    METROPHLOGOSIS, Metritis.
    METROPHTHISIS,  Phthi'eie  uteri'na, from
  metra, and ipdtw, ' I consume.'  Consumption from
  ulceration of  the  uterus — Ulcera seu Helco'eis
  u'teri.
    METROPHYMA, Hysteroncus.
    METROPLETHO'RA, 3Ietrypera'mia,  from
  metra, and irXndwpa, 'fulness.'   Congestion or hy-
  peraemia  of the uterus.
    METROPOL'YPUS,  Hys'tero-pol'ypue, Poly-
  pue U'teri,  from  metra, and  polypue.   Polypus
  of the uterus. ■
    METROPROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri.
    METROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus uteri.
    METRORRHAGIA, 3Ietramorrhag"ia,  Ha-
  morrhagia uteri'na seu u'teri, Sanguiflux'us  nte-
  ri'nus,  San'guinis stillicid'ium ab U'tero, Fluor
  uterini san'guinis, Proflu'vium San'guinis ex u'te-
  ro, Hyaterorrhag"ia  sanguin'ea,  Hyaterorrhve'a,
  Hamorrhoe'a  uteri'na (of some),  3Ienorrhag"ia
  (of some), Hamatome'tra, Hamatoma'tra, Uterine
  Hemorrhage, Hemorrhage from the Womb, Metro-
  hemorrhage,  (¥.) HSmorrhagie de  la Matrice,
  Pertee, Pertea utSrinea rougee, P. de eang ;  from
  metra, and pnywpt, 'I break forth.'  An effusion
  of blood  from the inner surface  of the uterus,
  either at  the menstrual  or other periods; but in
  a greater quantity than proper.  Uterine hemor-
  rhage may be caused by those influences which
  produce  hemorrhage in  general.   It happens,
  however, more frequently during pregnancy, and         ^
  during or after delivery, when the vascular sys-
  tem  of the uterus is so circumstanced  as to fa-
  vour its occurrence more than at other periods.
  The  termination  of  metrorrhagia is usually fa-
  vourable. Should it, however, be very copious,
  or frequently recur; or should it happen  to  a
  great extent after delivery, death may  take place
  very speedily; and, in some cases, wihout the dis-
  charge being perceptible;  constituting internal
  hemorrhage.
    Uterine hemorrhage may be active or paeeive ;
  requiring obviously a different treatment.   The
  main management is similar to that  of hemor-
  rhage in  general;—the horizontal posture ; acid
  drinks; free admission  of cool air; cold applica-
  tions to the loins, thighs, and  abdomen; injection
  of cold water, even of iced water, into the vagina ;
  plugging the vagina, so as to prevent the dis-
  charge per vaginam, and thus induce a coagulum
  in the mouths of the bleeding vessels.   Such will
  be the epecial plan adopted where the hemorrhage
  has occurred  in  one  not recently delivered.  In
  uterine hemorrhage after delivery, the  same cool-
  ing plan must be followed;  but, as the flow of
  blood is  owing  to the uterus  not  contracting so 
METRORRHEUMA         593             MICROPODIA
as tc constringe  its vessels,  pressure  must be
made on the abdomen to aid this:  and, if neces-
sary, the hand must be introduced into the uterus
to stimulate it to contraction.  Should the female
be excessively reduced, so as to render the accou-
cheur apprehensive that she may expire from loss
of blood, brandy may be exhibited.  The profuse
exhibition of opium  in such cases is, at least, a
doubtful plan.
   Transfusion has, at times, been practised as a
last resource
   METRORRHEU'MA, Rhenmatis'mua U'teri,
Hysteralgia rheumat'ica seu catarrha'lie, 3Ietrl-
tia  rheumat'ica,  (¥.)  Rhumatieme  de I'utSrue;
from metra, and ptvpa, 'defluxion,' 'rheumatism.'
Rheumatism of the uterus.
   METRORRHEXIS, Uterus, rupture of the.
   METRORRHEA, from metra,  and  ptw, 'I
flow.'  A protracted discharge of  any fluid from
the uterus.
   METROSALPINX, Tube, Fallopian.
   METROSCIRRHUS, Hyateroscir'rhua, Scir-
rhua seu Carcino'ma u'teri, from metra, and oxtp-
pos,  'scirrhus.'  Scirrhus of the uterus.
   METROSCOLIOMA, Hysteroloxia.
   MET'ROSCOPE,  Metroacop'ium,  from metra,
and o-Koirtw,  'to view.'  An instrument, invented
by M. Nauche, for listening to the sounds of the
heart of the foetus, in utero-gestation, when the
sounds and movements are  imperceptible through
the  parietes of the  abdomen.  The  extremity of
the  instrument—the first notion of which was
given to M. Nauche by the stethoscope of Laen-
nec — is introduced  into the vagina and  applied
against the neck of the uterus.
   METROSIDEROS GUMMIFERA,  see Kino.
   METROSTERESIS, from metra, and ertpnais,
 'privation.'   Extirpation  of  the  uterus.  Want
 of uterus.
   METB^SYNIZESIS, Hyeteroaynize'aie,  from
 metra, and ewifyais, 'running together.'  Morbid
 union of the uterus to adjacent parts.
   METROT031E, Hysterotomus.
   METROTOMIA,  Caesarean section.
   METRYPEREMIA, Metroplethora.
   METRYPERESTHESIS, see Uterus,irritable.
   MEU, jEthusa meum.
   31EULIE RE, Molar.
   MEUM,  Ethusa  meum — m. Anethifolium,
 jEthusa  meum — m.  Athamanticum,  iEthusa
 meum.
   MEURTRISSURE, Contusion.
   MEVIUM, Syphilis.
   MEZEA, Genital organs.
   MEZEREON, Daphne mezereum.
   MEZEREUM ACETATUM, see Daphne me-
 gereura.
   MIAMMA, Miasma.
   MIANSIS, Miasma.
   MIARIA, Miasma.
   MIAS'MA, Miaam, piaopa, 'a stain,' from piat-
 vw.  ' I contaminate.' Miam'ma, 3fian'aie, Mia'ria,
 3Iiae'mus, Inquinamen'turn, Molyti'eie, Conta'gium.
 The word miaam has, by  some, been employed
 synonymously with contagion.  It is now used
 more  definitely  for any emanation,  either  from
 the bodies of the sick, or from  animal and vege-
 table substances, or from  the earth, especially in
 marshy districts, (Mareh poiaon,  Efflu'vium pa-
 lue'tre, Gae palue'tre, (F.) Intoxication dee Ma-
 raie,) which  may exert a morbid  influence on
 those  who  are exposed to its action.  To these
 terrestrial emanations—the Koino-miae'mata of
 Dr. E. Miller, of New York — the  Italians give
 the name arta cattiva, but, more commonly, ma-
laria ('bad air")"; a word which has been adopted
into other  languages.  The deleterious effluvia,
originating from the decomposition of matter de-
       38
rived from the human body, have been called by
Dr. Miller, Idiomiaa'matu; the epithets Koino
and Idio  being  derived respectively from koivos,
'common,' and tStos, 'personal.'  Of the miasms
which arise either from the animal body or from
the most unhealthy situations, We know, chemi-
cally, nothing.   All that we  do know is,  that,
under such circumstances, emanations take plare,
capable of causing disease in many of those who
are exposed to their action.
  MIASMAT'IC, -Miaemat'icus.   Belonging or
relating to miasmata.   Sauvages, in his classifi-
cation of diseases according to their etiology, has
a class under the  name  31orbi  miaamat'ici.  A
fever that arises from marshy miasms, is styled
mala'rioue, pallidal, Helop'yra, Helopyr'etue, Ac.
  MTASMUS, Miasma.
  3ITAULANTES, see Convnleionnaire.
  MICE PANIS, see Triticum.
  MICATIO  CORDIS, Systole.
  MICHE'LIA  CHAM'PACA,  Ckampaca, 31i-
chelia Tejampaca.   Ord. Magnoliaceas.  An Ori-
ental tree, much prized for the odour and beauty
of its flowers.  The oily  infusion  of the flowers
is employed in the Moluccas in headache.
  MICLETA.   A medicine used by MeSUe for
arresting hemorrhage;  perhaps,  according to
Siebenhaar, from the Arabic, michnata, "proved
by experience."
   MICOSIS,  Framboesia.
   MICRANATOMIA, see Anatomy.
  MICRANGIA, Capillary vessels.
   MICRENCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum.
   MICRENCEPHALON, Cretinism.
   MICRENCEPHALUM, Cerebellum.
   MICROCEPHALIA, see Microcephalus.
   MICROCEPH'ALUS,  3Iikroceph'alua, 3Iicro-
cra'nina, from microa, and KtipaXn, 'head.'   One
who has  a small head.   A  monster  having  a
small imperfect head, or  a small  imperfect cra-
nium.  The  condition  is called 31icrocephalia,
 Craniosteno'sis.  With some it means  Idiotism.
   MICROCORIA, Myosis.
   MI'CROCOSM, 3Iicrocoa'mu8, from micros, and
Koo-pos, 'world.'  A little  world.   Some philoso-
phers have given this appellation to man, whom
they consider as the epitome of all that is ad-
mirable in the  world.   The world they call Ma'-
crocoam.
   MICROCOSMETOR, Vital  principle.
   MICROCOSM'ICA  MACH'INA.  The organ-
ism of man.
   Microcosmica Scientia, Physiology.
   Microcosmicum Sal, with the  ancients meant
 the salts of the urine,—Sal uri'na.
   MICROCOSMOGRAPHIA, Physiology.
   MICROCOUST'IC, 31icrocue'ticua, from microe,
and aeovw, 'I hearj  This word, as well as Mi-
croph'onoua,from piepos, 'small,' and ipwvn, 'voice,'
 means any thing that contributes to increase the
intensity of sound—as the speaking trumpet—by
 collecting the sonorous rays.
   MICROCRANIUS, Microcephalus.
   MICROGLOSSIA, from microa, and yAu»<r<r«,
 'tongue.'  Original smallness of tongue.
   MICROLEUCONYMPHEA,  Nymphaea alba.
   MICROLOGY, see Microscopy.
   MICROM'ELUS, Hemim'elea, from microa, and
ptXos, 'a limb.'  A monster having imperfectly
developed extremities. '
   MICROMMATUS, Microphthalmus.
   MICROPHONOUS, Microcoustic
   MICROPHTHAL'MUS,  3Iicrom'matua,  from
micros, and otpSaXuos, 'eye.'  One who  has  small
eyes. A monster with  two small, or imperfectly
developed eyes.  A small eye,—Ophthalmid'iutn,
Ophthal'miiim.
  MICROPODIA, Micropus. 
MICROPROSOPUS          594                   MILK
  MICROPROSO'PUS, Aproso'pus, from micros,
and irpoawrov, 'face.'  A monster in which a part
of the face is absent.
  MI'CROPUS, from micros,  and irons,  'foot.'
One who has small feet   The condition is called
Micropod'ia.
  MI'CROPYLE, Microp'ylum, from micros, and
nvXn,  'gate.'  An  opening in  the episperm  of
seeds, through which the  fecundating pollen en-
ters the ovule to fecundate it.  It  has been sup-
posed, that such a micropyle exists in the human
ovule.
   MICROR'CHIDES, from micros, and opxn, 'a
testicle.'  They who have very small testicles.
   MICROS. piKpos, 'little,' as in
   MICROSCOPY, Microscop'ia;  from micros,
and  oKovn, 'a view.'  Observation by the micro-
scope ;  an important agency in the examination
of the healthy and morbid tissues.  A description
of the results of such observation is Microg'ra-
 phy.   3Iicrology is often  used  with the same sig-
nification, and for a treatise on the microscope
 and the results of microscopy.
   MICROSOMIA, Nanosomia,
   MICROSPHYCTUS.   Same etymon  as the
 next.   One who has a small pulse.
   MICROSPHYXIA, from micros, and atpvypos,
 'pulse.'  Smallness or weakness of pulse.
   MICROSPORON AUDOUINI,  see  Porrigo
 decalvans—m. Furfur, see Chloasma—m. Menta-
 grophytes, Mentagrophyte.
   MICROSTOMUS; from micros,  and  aropa,
 'mouth.' One who has a small mouth.
   MICROTE'SIA, Par'tium organica'rum par'-
 vitas morbo'sa; from ptKporns,  'smallness.'   Mor-
 bid smallness of organic  parts.
   MICROTRAPEZIA, Leptotrophia.
   MICROTRICH'IA;  from  micros, and &pt{,
 'hair.'   Fineness or shortness of  hair.
   MICROTROPHIA, Leptotrophia.
   MICTIO, Micturition — m. Cruenta, Haematu-
 ria—m. Inopportuna, Enuresis—m. Involuntaria,
 Enuresis—m. Sanguinea, Haematuria.
   MICTION.  Micturition.
   MICTURIT"ION,  Mic'tio, Mictus,  Ure'sie,
  Urlaeie, Omiche'sis, (F.)  Miction,  Action  de
 pisser,  from  micturio, and mingere, mictum,  'I
 make water.'  The act of making water—Urina'-
 tion.   Also, morbid frequency  of passing  the
 water.
   MICTUS,  Micturition — m. Cruentus, Haema-
 turia.
   MIDRIFF, Diaphragm.
   MIDWIFE, from mi», 'with,'  and pip, 'wife,'
  or,  from mis, 'meed,'  'recompense,'  and pip,
  'wife.'  3Iatro'na, Obstet'rix, Hypere'tria, 31aa,
  Maas, 3tau'tria,  Aces'toris, Aces'tris, Acee'tria,
  (Sc) Howdy, (Prov.)  Grace-wife, Handwoman,
  Headswoman,  Howdy-wife, (¥.) Sage fiemme, Ac-
  coueheuee.   A female who practises obstetrics.
   MIDWIFERY, Obstetrics.
   31IEL, Mel—m. d'AcState de Cuivre, Linimen-
  tum aeruginis—m. BoratS, Mel boracis—m.DSpurS,
  Mel despumatum—m. DeepumS, Mel despumatum
  — m. MSdicinal, Mellitum — m. 3Iercuriale com-
  voaS, Mellitum de mercuriali compositum.
   MIEUTER, Accoucheur.
   MIGMA, Mistura.
   3IIGRAINE, Hemicrania.
   MIGRANA, Hemicrania.
   MIGRATION DU LA3IBEAU, see Flap.
   MIKANIA GUACO, Guaco.
   MIKROCEPHALUS, Microcephalus.
    31IL, Panicum miliaceum.
    MILFOIL, Achillea millefolium.
    3IILIAIRE, Miliary, Miliary  fever.
    MILIARIA, Miliary fever — m.  Sudans, Mi-
  liary fever—m. Sudatoria, Miliary fever.
  MILIARIS  SUDATORIA, Sudor anglicus,  S
picardicus.
  MIL'IARY,  Milia'rie,  (¥.)  31iliaire;  from
milium,' millet' Resembling millet seed—hence,
miliary fever, miliary glands, Ac
  Miliary Fever, Em'phlyeie milia'ria, Milia'-
rie, 3Iiliaria,  31. eudane seu eudato'ria, Sudor,
S. milia'rie, Pap'ula milia'rie, Exanthe'ma mili-
aria,   Syn'ochue  miliaria,  Aepre'do  milia'cea,
Febrie milia'rie seu essero'ea  seu  puncticula'ris
seu culicula'rie seu veeicula'rie seu lenticulu'rie
seu purpura'te rubra et alba milia'ria, Pur'pura
puerpera'rum,  P.  milia'rie,  Pap'ula  sudo'ris
31illet seed rash,  (¥.) 31iliaire, Millot,  Pourpre
blanc, Millet.   It is  so  called from the eruption
resembling  the seed of the  milium  or  millet.
Fever, accompanied by an eruption of small, red,
isolated  pimples, rarely  confluent, but  almost
always very numerous, slightly raised  above the
skin,  and presenting, at the end of 24 hours, a
small vesicle  filled  with  a white transparent
fluid; which quickly dries up, and separates in
the form of scales.   Miliary fever is now rare, in
consequence of the cooling practice in fevers and
other states of the system.  It is almost always
brought on by external heat, and hence the pre-
vention is obvious.   The treatment is  simple.  It
requires  merely  the  antiphlogistic regimen, in
ordinary cases.
   Miliary Glands, Sebaceous glands—m. Gran-
ulations or Tubercles, see Granulation.
   MILII SEMINA, Panicum Italicum.
   MILIOLUM.  Diminutive of milium, ' millet'
 Cenchrid'ion.  A small tumour on the eyelids,
 resembling, in size, a millet-seed.
   MILITARIS HERBA, Achillea millefolium.
   MIL'ITARY, Milita'rie, from milee, militie,(¥.)
 Militaire, ' a soldier.'  Pertaining to  a soldier or
 an army—as 'Military medicine,' 3Iedicina mili-
 ta'rie, (¥.) 31Sdecine militaire; and Military sur-
 gery, Chirur'gia milita'rie, (¥.)  Chirurgie mili-
 taire.  Medicine and surgery applicable to the
 soldier.
   MILIUM,  Grutum,  Panicum  miliaceum, see
 Hydatid—m. Esculentum, Panicum miliaceum—■
 m. Indicum,  Panicum Italicum — m.  Panicum,
 Panicum miliaceum — m. Solis,  Lithospermum
 officinale.
   MILK, Sax. melc, Lac, Gala, Humor lac'teue,
 Latex ni'veus, (¥.) Lait.  A fluid secreted by the
 mammary glands of the females of the mammalia.
 The  skimmed milk of the cow, (¥.) Laitde Vache,
 contains  water, caseous matter, traces of butter,
 sugar of milk, chloride  of sodium,  phosphate,
 and  acetate of potassa, lactic acid, lactate of iron,
 and  earthy phosphate.   The cream is formed of
 butter, casein, and whey, in which there is sugar
 of milk and salts. When examined by the micro-
 scope, milk is seen to contain a large number of
 particles, of  irregular  size and  shape, varying
 from j^ijjrjth to yu^^th of an inch in diameter.
 They consist  of oily matter, surrounded  by a
 delicate pellicle, and are the milk globulee.
    Cow's  milk is employed for the preparation of
 cream, butter, cheese, whey, sugar of milk, and
 frangipane.   It is useful in a number of cases of
 poisoning; either by  acting as a demulcent, or(
 by decomposing certain poisons, or by combining
 with others so as to neutralize them.   It is con-
 stantly employed as aliment, and may be regarded
 as an emulsion in which butter  and casein are
 found in suspension.  When taken into the sto-
 mach, it is coagulated  by the gastric fluids, and
 the  coagulum is digested  like any  other solid.
 The watery parts are absorbed.
    Between milk, flour, and blood, there  ia great
 similarity  of  composition.  The  following table
 is given by Dr. Robert Dundas Thomson: 
MILE
595
MILLIMETRE
Milk.
Curd or Casein
 Flour.
Fibrin,
Albumen,
Casein,
Gluten,
       Butter.............  Oil

       Sugar............

'Chloride of potassium,
{Sugar,
Starch,
  Blood.
Fibrin,
Albumen,
Casein,
Colouring
  matter.
Fat.
| Sugar.
sodium,
Do.
Do.
Phosphate of soda,
------------lime,
------------magnesia,
------------iron,

  From a considerable number of experiments,
Messrs. Deyeux and  Parmentier class  the six
kinds of milk, which  they examined, according
to the following table, as  regards  the  relative
quantity of materials they contain.
Casein.	Butter.	Sugar of Milk.	Serum.
Goat Sheep Cow	Sheep Cow Goat	Woman Ass Mare	Ass Woman Mare
Ass Woman Mare	Woman Ass Mare	Cow Goat Sheep	Cow Goat Sheep
  Milk Abscess, Mastodynia apostematosa.
  Milk, Almond, Emulsio amygdalae.
  Milk and Soda Water.   An agreeable mode
of taking milk  in cases where it lies  heavily on
the stomach.  Heat, nearly to boiling, a  teacup-
ful of milk ; dissolve in it a teaspoonful of eugar,
put it into a large tumbler, and pour over it two-
thirds of a bottle of eoda water.
  Milk, Asses', (F.)  Lait d'Aneeee, considerably
resembles human  milk, of which it has the con-
sistence, smell, and taste :  but it contains a little
less cream, and  more  soft, caseous matter.  It is
often used by those labouring under  pulmonary
affections.
  Artificial Aeeee' 3Iilk may be made by taking
gelatin ^ss; dissolving it, by the aid  of  heat, in
barley water Oij ; adding refined eugar § j ; pour-
ing into the mixture new milk Oj; and beating
the whole with a whisk.
  It may also be prepared by  dissolving eugar
of milk %^ij in tepid skimmed cow'e milk  Oj.
  Milk ' Blotch,  Porrigo  larvalis — m. Crust,
Porrigo larvalis.
  Milk,  Ewes', (F.) Lait de Brebie.   It affords
more' cream than cows' milk;  but the butter is
softer. The caseum, on the contrary,  is fatter,
and  more viscid.  It contains less serum than
cow's  milk.  The  Roquefort cheeses  are  made
from it.
  Milk Fever,  see  Fever, milk — m. Glass,
Breast glass — m. Globules, see Milk.
  Milk, Goats', (F.) Lait  de Chlvre, resembles
cows'  milk: the  butyraceous  matter,  however,
which enters into  its composition, is more solid
than that of the cow.
  Artificial Goale 31ilk may be made by taking
fresh euet ^j ; cutting it into small  pieces; tying
it in  a muslin  bag, large  enough  to leave the
morsels free from compression; and boiling in a
quart of cow'e milk, sweetened with a quarter of
an ounce of white eugar candy.
   Used as a diet in scrofulous cases, and also in
phthisis.
   Milk, Green, Colostrum.
   Milk,  Human, (F.) Lait de fiemme,—contains
more sugar, milk, and  cream, and less caseum,
than cows' milk.  Its composition differs accord-
ing to the distance of time from delivery.
  Milk Knot, Galacto-gan'glion ; (¥.) Ganglion
laiteux.  The knots often observed in the breast
after inflammation of the organ, or for some time
after  the suppression  of  the  secretion.   They
generally end by resolution.
  Milk Leg, Phlegmatia dolens.
  Milk, Males',  Sperm.
  Milk, Mares',  (F.) Lait de Jument,—contains
only a small quantity of fluid butyraceous matter;
a little caseum, softer than that of cows' milk, and
more serum.
  Milk  Scall, Porrigo larvalis.
  Milk  Sickness, Sick stomach, Swamp eickneee,
 Tiree, Slowe,  Stiff jointe, Puking fever,  River
eickneee.  A disease occasionally observed  in the
States of Alabama, Indiana, and Kentucky, which
affects both man and cattle, but  chiefly the  latter.
It  is attributed in cattle to something eaten or
.drunk by them; and in man to  the eating  of the
flesh  of animals labouring under  the  disease.
 Owing to the tremors that characterize it in ani-
 mals,  it is called the Tremblee.  It is endemic.
   The symptoms  of the disease are such  as are
 produced by the acro-narcotic class of poisons—
 vomiting,  purging, extreme nervous agitation,
 Ac.: and the approved indications  of treatment
 appear to be—gentle emetics and laxativei, with
 quiet, and  mucilaginous drinks.
   Milk, Snakes', Euphorbia corollata.
   Milk, Solid'ipied.   Milk, to which little  less
 than an equal weight  of white sugar has been
 added, evaporated to dryness. When re-dissolved
 in  water, it has all  the qualities of fresh milk,
 with the additional quantity of sugar.
   To  milk, evaporated to dryness, MM. Grimaud
 and Galais have  given  the names Lactoline  and
 Lacteine.
   Milk Spots, Macula alba, Strophulus.
   Milk Stone, Morochthus.
   Milk, Sugar op, Sugar of milk.
   Milk of Sulphur, Sulphur praecipitatum—m.
 Sweet, Galium verum.
   Milk Teeth, see Dentition — m. Thrush, Aph-
 thae— m.  Vetch, Astragalus verus — m.  Vetch,
 stemless, Astragalus exscapus—m. Weed, Apocy-
 num androsaemifolium, Asclepias Syriaca, Euphor-
 bia  corollata — m.  Weed,  long-leaved,  green,
 Acerates longifolia—m. Weed,  smooth, Asclepias
 Sullivantii — m.  Wort, bitter, Polygala amara  —
 m. Wort,  common,  Polygala — m. Wort,  dwarf,
 Polygala paucifolia—m. Wort,  rattlesnake, Poly-
 gala.
    MILKWOMAN, Nurse, wet.
    MILKY, Lactic.
    MILL MOUNTAIN, Linum catharticum.
    3I1LLEFEUILLE, Achillea millefolium — to.
 Aquatique, Phellandrium aquaticum.
    31ILLE-FEUILLET, Omasum.
    MILLEFOLIUM, Achillea millefo ium.
    MILLEMORBIA  SCROPHULARIA,  Scro-
 phularia nodosa.
    MILLEPEDES, Onisci aselli.
    MILLEPERTUIS  ORDINAIRE,  Hyperi-
 cum perforatum.
    MILLET, Aphthae, Miliary  fever—m.  Barba-
 does, Panicum Italicum — m. Common,  Panicum
 miliaceum — m.  Indian, Panicum Italicum — m,
 des  Oieeaux, Panicum Italicum — m. Ordinaire,
 Panicum miliaceum.
    MILLET-SEED  RASH, Miliary fever.
    MILLIGRAMME,  from mille, 'a thousand,
 and ypappa,  'a gramme.'   The thousandth pari
 of a gramme ;—about 0-0154 Troy grain.
    MILLIGRANA, Herniaria glabra.
    3I1LLI3TETRE,  31tllim'eter,  from  mille,  'a
 thousand,' and  uerpov, 'measure.'   The thou- 
MILLOT               596               MISTURA
  ndth part  of  the  metre;—equal to  0-03937
English inch, or about two-fifths of a line.
  -MILLOT, Miliary fever.
  MILPHjE, Madarosis.
  MILPHOSIS, Madarosis.
  MILT, Melt, Spleen.
  MILT-LIKE.  An epithet for a form of cancer,
characterized by a soft  pale growth, containing
scarcely any blood ; — so called from its resem-
blance to the milt of a fish.
  Milt-Like Tumour, Encephaloid.
  MILTUS, Plumbi oxydum rubrum.
  MILTWASTE, Asplenium.
  MIMOSA CATECHU, Catechu —m. Cochlia-
carpa,  see Cortex adstringens  Brasiliensis — m.
Leucophlea,  see  Spirit (Arrack)—m. Nilotica, see
Acaciae gummi — m. Scandens, Caehang-parang
—m. Senegal, see Senegal,  gum—m. Virginalis,
see Cortex adstringens Brasiliensis.
  MIND, ABSENCE OF, Aphelxia socors — m.
Abstraction  of, Aphelxia intenta—m. Unsound,
Insanity.                                   '
  MINERALIUM. Antimonium.
  MINER'S ELBOW.   An enlargement  of  a
bursa over the  olecranon, occurring in such as
are in the habit of leaning much upon it; and,
therefore, often  seen  in those who work on the
Bide in low-roofed mines.
  MIN'IM,  Min'imum, 'the least part or portion.'
The 60th part  of a fluidrachm.  This measure
has been introduced by the London College of
Physicians, in consequence of the uncertainty of
the size of the drop, (see Gutta.) The subdivision
of the wine  pint has, accordingly, been extended
to the 60th part of  the  fluidrachm;  and  glass
measures, called "minim-measures," have  been
adopted by the London College. The proportion
between  the minims and the drops of various
fluid preparations is exhibited in  the  following
table.  The  results were obtained by Mr. Durand,
a skilful  pharmacien of Philadelphia, under cir-
cumstances, as  regards the different articles, as
nearly identical as possible.

Table op the Number of Drops op different
    Liquids equivalent^ro a Fluidrachm.
Acid  Acetic, crystallizable........................ 120
Acid Hydrocyanic (medicinal)..................  45
----Muriatic........................................  54
---- Nitric............................................  84
-----------diluted (1 to 7).....................  51
---- Sulphuric.......................................  90
-------------aromatic........................... 120
-------------diluted (1  to 7)..................  51
Alcohol (rectified Spirit).....................____ 138
Alcohol,  diluted (proof  Spirit)................... 120
Arsenite of  Potassa, solution of.................  57
Ether, Sulphuric.................................... 150
Oils of Aniseed, Cinnamon, Cloves, Pepper-
    mint, Sweet Almonds, Olives............... 120
Tinctures of Asafcetida, Foxglove, Guaiac,
    Opium............................................ 120
Tincture of  Chloride of Iron.................... 132
Vinegar, distilled....'...............................  78
--------of Colchicum............................  78
--------of Opium (black drop)................  78
--------of Squill ...........................,.....  78
Water, distilled......................................  45
Water of Ammonia (strong).....................  54
  Do.       do.    (weak).......................  45
Wine (Teneriffe)..........'...........................  78
-----Antimonial....................................  72
-----of Colchicum................................  75
-----of Opium......................................  78

  MINIM'ETER; badly compounded from mi-
nimum and ptrpov, ' measure.' An instrument for
measuring minims,  invented by Mr. Alsop.  It
consists of a glass tube, graduated from the  coni-
Minim measure.
cal point into minims ;  and having a piston,  by
the elevation of which, fluid may be drawn into
the tube, and by its depression be forced from it
  MINIM  MEASURE.  A
measure  for the divisions of a
fluidrachm.
  MINIMUM, Minim.
  MINISTER GYMNASTiE,
Paedotribes.
  MINITHOSIS, Meiosis.
  MINIUM,  Plumbi  oxydum
rubrum — m. Graecorum, Hy-
drargyri sulphuretum rubrum
— m.  Purum, Hydrargyri sul-
phuretum rubrum.
  MINOR HEL'ICIS.  A
muscle situate on the posterior
border of the helix of the ear,
at its  commencement  in the
fossa of the concha.
  MINORATIVUS, Laxative.
  MINT, COCK,  Tanaeetum
balsamita—m. Curled, Mentha
crispa — m.  Cat,  Nepeta — m.  Horse, Monarda
eoccinea and M. punctata—m. Horse, hairy, Ble-
philia hirsuta—m. Horse, Ohio, Blephilia hirsuta
—m. Horse, sweet, Cunila Mariana—m. Hyssop-
leaved, Mentha cervina.
  Mint Julep.  A  drink, consisting of brandy,
sugar,  and pounded  ice,  flavoured by sprigs of
mint  It is an agreeable alcoholic excitant.
  Mint, Mountain, Monarda eoccinea—m. Moun-
tain, common, Pycnanthemum incanum—m. Pep-
per, Mentha piperita—m. Spear,  Mentha viridis
— m. Squaw, Hedeoma — m. Stone, Cunila Mari-
ana.
  Mint Tea, Infusum Menthae  viridis.
  Mint, Water, Mentha aquatica.
  MIN THA, Mint.
  MINUTHESIS, Meiosis.
  MINYANTHES,  Menyanthes.
  MIOSIS, Meiosis.
  MIRLES, Rubeola.
  MIROCELE, Merocele.
  MIRROT, Daucus Carota.
  MISADIR, Ammoniae murias.
  MISANTHRO'PIA, 3Iisan'thropy, Exanthro'-
pia, Phyganthro'pia, from ptaos, ' hatred,' and
avSpwiros, ' man.' Aversion to man and society:—
a symptom of melancholy, and hypochondriasis.
  MISCARRIAGE, Abortion.
  MISERERE MEI, Ileus.
  MISHME TEETA, Coptis teeta.
  MISMAR, 3feeemar.   A  name given by Avi-
cenna to a kind  of nodus, which  forms on  the
toes as the sequel of contusion or inflammation
of those parts.
  MISOPTO'CHUS,'from  ptaos, 'hatred,'- and
tttwxos, ' poor.'  That which has hatred for  the
poor.  The gout has been so called by some, be-
cause it commonly affects the rich.
  MISSADAN, Hydrargyrum.
  MISSIO SANGUINIS, Blood-letting.
  MISSISSIPPI,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
Cooper's Well, in  Hinds County, four miles from
Raymond, and thirteen from Jackson, is a sul-
phuretted saline, the chief constituents being the
sulphates of soda and magnesia.  Of the solid in-
gredients upwards of 3 per  cent, are  of peroxide
of iron.  The waters are  chiefly used in chronic
gastro-enteric affections.  Ocean Springe, in Jack-
son County, is an acidulo-sulphureous chalybeate.
  MISTIO, Mistura.
  MISTLETOE, Viscum album — m. Yellowish,
Viscum flavescens.
  MISTU'RA, uts~ts, Propotiema, Migma, Mis'tio,
3/ix'tio, 3Hxtu'ra, Mixture; (¥.)  Potion,  from
miecere, mixtnm,' to mix.'  A mingled compound,
in which  different ingredients  are contained in 
MISTURA               597                 MITRAL
the fluid state ;  suspended  or not by.means of
mucilaginous or saccharine matter.  In this sense,
it  is synonymous  with  the French Potion.  In
France, however, the word  mixture  is more fre-
quently understood to mean a liquid medicine,
which  contains very active substances,  and can
only be administered by drops.  A mixture, in
other words, in the French sense, may be regarded
as a potion deprived of watery vehicle.
  MISTURA, (S.)  A fragrant yellow-coloured
water, used as a perfume by the ladies  of  Peru.
It is prepare! from gillyflower, jasmine, and flor
de miatela  (Talinum umbellatum).  See Campo-
manesia lineatifolia.
   Mistura Acaciae, Mucilago Acaciae.
   Mistura Ac"idi Hydrocyan'ici,  Mixture of
Prueeic acid, MSlangepectoral (Magendie).   (3Ie-
dicinal prueaic  acid, J5J> distilled  water,  jxiv,
pure  sugar, Jiss.)   A  dessert-spoonful   every
morning and evening, as a pectoral, Ac
   Mistura Ammoni'aci,  Lac ammoniaci, 31ixtnre
of ammo'niac.  (Ammoniac, gij, aqua Oss.   Rub
the ammoniacum :  adding the water gradually un-
til they are perfectly mixed.  Ph. U. S.)   Dose,
fjss to Jj.
   Mistura Amygdalje,  Emulsio amygdalae.
   Mistura Asafce'tid.*:, Lac asafcetida, Emul-
eio antihyater'ica, 3Iixture of aeafaetida, (¥.) Lait
d'aeafoetida.  (Asaafatida ^ij, aqua Oss.   Rub I
together,  adding the water by degrees.  Ph. U. j
S.)  Used where pills cannot be swallowed, and
as a glyster in  irritations  during dentition, and
in ascarides.  Dose, fjss to f Jiss.
   Mistura Asafcetida; pro  Clysmate, Enema
foetidum.
   Mistura Cam'phorje, Aqua camphora (Ph. U.
S.), Camphor mixture or julep, 3Iistura campho-
ra'ta,  Jula'pium e' camphora seu  camphoratum,
(¥.) Julep camphrS.  (Camphor. £\j, alcohol. tt\,xl,
magnea. carb. Qv, aqua  Oij.  Rub  the  camphor
with  the  alcohol,  and afterwards with the mag-
nesia,  add the water,  and filter.    Ph.  U. S.)
Virtues  like those  of camphor.  See  Emulsio
camphorae.
   Mistura Cornu Usti, Decoc'tum cornu cervi'ni
Beu album, Decoction ofi burnt hartshorn, Mixture
of burnt hartahorn.   (Cornuum  ust.  Jij, acacia
gum. cont. Jj, aqua Oiij.   Boil to Oij, constantly
stirring, and strain.   Ph. L.)
   Mistura Creaso'ti, Cre'aaote mixture.  (Crea-
sot., Acid,  acetic, aa HVxvj, Sp. Junip. comp., Sy-
rup., aa, f Jj ; Aqua f Jxiv.  Mix the creasote and
the acid; add gradually the water, and then the
syrup  and spirit.  Ph.  E.)   A fluidounce con-
tains a minim of creasote.
   Mistura Cret^e, Potio carbona'tie  calcie, 3Iia-
tura creta'cea, 3lucila'go cret'ica, Chalk or Creta'-
eeous.mixture, Chalk julep,  (¥.) 3Iixture de  Craie.
(Creta pp. Jss, eacchar., acacia gum.  in  pulv.,
aa 3'j> aqua cinnam., aqua, aa f Jiv.  Mix.  Ph.
U-S.) Antacid and absorbent.  Dose, f Jj to f Jij.
   Mistura Diabol'ica.  A mixture under this
name  is kept  in  military  hospitals  for  malin-
gerers.  It is made  of  sundry nauseous  ingre-
dients, as  aloes,  asafcetida, castor, Ac, and is
given  so as to keep up a disagreeable impression
on the gustatory nerves.
   Mistura Emeti'n.e Vomito'ria, Emetic mix-
ture ofi emetine.  (Emetine 4 gr., orange flower
water  Jij, eyrup J so; M.)  A dessert-spoonful
every  half hour  till it acts.
   Mistura Ferri Compos'ita,  Compound  mix-
ture ofi iron, (¥.) 31ixtttre de fer composSe, Grif-
fith'e mixture.  (3lyrrh.  cont, Jft, potassa carb.
gr. xxv, aqua roea f Jviiss,/crrt sulph. in  pulv.,
9j, sp. lavand. Jss, sacchar. %).   Rub  together
the myrrh, subcarbonate of potassa,  and sugar; >
then add, while triturating,  the rose-water, spirit I
of nutmeg;  and,  lastly, the  sulphate  of  iron. |
Pour the mixture directly into a glass bottle, and
stop it close.   Ph. U. S.)  It is tonic and emme-
nagogue, and is useful wherever iron is indicated.
  MiStura  Glycyrrhi'za; Compos'ita,   Com-
pound mixture  of  Liq'uorice, Brown  Mixture,
(Extract.  Glyeyrrhiz. pulv., Acacia  pulv.,  Sac-
char., aa, Jss; Tinct. opii camphorat. f Jij ; Vin-
antimon. f Jj ; Spirit, ather. nitric, fjss:  Aquee
f Jxij.  Rub the liquorice, gum arabic, and sug r
with the water, gradually  poured upon them ;
add the. other ingredients and mix.  Ph. U. S.)
A popular cough medicine,  but not deserving of
being made officinal.  Dose, a tablespoonful or
fjss.
  Mistura  Guai'aci,  Mixture ofi guaiac, Lac
guaiaci,  Emulsio  guaiaci'na, 3Iiat.ura  guaiaci
gummo'ea seu gummi gtta'iaci Ber'geri,  Solu'tio
guaiaci  gummo'ea  seu  reei'na guaiaci  aqno'ea,
(¥.)  3Iixture de Guyac.  (Guaiac. g. resin, ^iss,
sacch. pur. £ij> muc. acacia gum. !Jij, aq. cinnam.
f Jviij.   Rub the guaiacum with the sugar; then
with the mucilage.   Add, gradually, the cinna-
mon water.   Ph. L.)  Dose, fjss to f Jij.
  Mistura  Gummi Guaiaci Bergeri,  Mistura
Guaiaci—m. Hordei, Decoctum Hordei composi-
tum—m. Lenicns, Looch ex ovo.
  Mistura Moschi, 31. moecha'ta, Muek  mixture.
(31oschi, acacia uttm. contus., aacch. purifi., sing.
3J, aq.  ro8a  f Jvj.   Rub  the  musk with the
sugar; add  the  gum, and,  by degrees, the  rose-
water.  Ph. L.)  Dose, fjss to fJij.
  Mistura   Scammo'nii,   Scam'mony  3Hxture.
Scammon. gr. vij, Lactie f Jiij.  Triturate to form
an emulsion.  Ph. E.)   The whole is a cathartia
dose.
  Mistura Spir'itus Vini Gall'ici, Brandy 3Iix-
hire.  (Sp.  Vin. Gallic, Aq.  cinnam. aa fjiv;
 Vitel. ovo. ij ; Sacchar. Jss; Ol. cinnam.  TIL ij.
M.   Ph. L.)  An  excitant draught  for the low
stages of fever.
  Mistura  Stryoh'nia:, Mixture ofi strych'nia.
(Dietilled water, Jij, very  pure  strychnia,  1 gr.,
white augar, SJij ; M.)  Dose, a dessert-spoonful.
  Mistura  Sulphurico-acida,  Elixir acidum
Halleri—m. Vulnera^ja  acida,   Arquebusade,
Eau d\
  MITCHEL'LA REPENS, Partridge berry.   A
pretty little indigenous trailing evergreen, of the
Cinchona family—Cinchonaceae,—which  flowers
from  June to July.  It has been considered  an
expectorant, emmenagogue, and diuretic; and has
been prescribed  in  dropsy and gout.
  MITELLA, Sling.
  MITH'RIDATE,  3Iithrida'tium,  31ithridal-
icum  medicamen'turn, Antid'otum  3tithrida'tium,
 Diascin'ci antid'otus, Confec'tio Damoc'ratie.   A
very compound  electuary, into which entered —
3Iyrrh of Arabia, Saffron, Agaric, Ginger, Cinna-
mon,  Frankince'nee, Garlic,  31uatard, Birthwort,
 Galbanum, Caetor, Long pepper, Opoponax, Bdel-
lium, Gum Arabic, Opium,  Gentian, Orris, Saga-
penttm,   Valerian,  Acacia,   Hypericum,  Canary
wine, Honey, Ac.  It was invented by Mithrida- *
tes, king of Pontus and Bithynia, and was for-
merly regarded as alexipharmic.   It is little used
at the present day, and, from its heterogeneous
nature,  should be wholly abandoned.
  MITHRIDATICUM MEDICAMENTUM, Mi-
tbridate.
  MITIGANS, Lenitive.
  MITRA HIPPOCRATICA, Bonnet d'Hippo-
crate.
  MITRAL,  Alitra'lis, from  utrpn,  mitra,  'a
headdress.'   Having the form of a mitre; resem-
bling a bishop's mitre.
  Mitral Regurgitation,  see Regurgitation.
  Mitral Valves, Valvula mitra'lee seu Cordis
mitra'lee seu epiecopa'lee  seu bieuspida'les sea
bicuapida'ta.  Two triangular valves at the open- 
MITRIUM                508   MOFFAT, MINERAL WATERS  OF
respiration, in which the patient utters  audible
groans,—moans, (¥.)  GSmisaemente.
  MOBILE, see Saint Augustine.
  MOBIL'ITY, 3fobil'itae, from mob'ilie, contrac-
tion of movibilie, ' that can be moved.' The power
of being moved.   In phyeiology, great  nervous
susceptibility, often joined to a disposition to con-
vulsion.  Greatly developed excitability.
  MOCCASIN FLOWER,  Cypripedium acaule,
C. luteum—m. Plant, Cypripedium luteum.
  MOCH'LIA.   Reduction of a luxated bone;
from fioxXus, a lever.
  MOCHLICUS,  Purgative.
  MOCHLISCUS, Lever.
  MOCHLUS, Lever.
  MOCHTHUS, Agony.
  MOCK-KNEES, Crusta genu equinae.
  MOD'ELLING  PROCESS.  A term proposed
by Dr. Macartney, of Dublin, to signify the mode
in which wounds  are healed without inflamma-
tion  or suppuration,  by  a  deposit  of plastic
matter from the  surface of the wound, by which
the gap is more rapidly filled,—portion being laid
upon portion, without waste, after the manner of
clay in  the hands of the  sculptor; — hence the  .
term.
   MODI'OLUS, 'the nave of a wheel.'   Pyr'a-
mie  seu Axis seu  Columella coch'lea. A hollow
cone in the cochlea of the ear, forming a nucleus,
axis, or central pillar, round which  the gyri of
the cochlea pass.   The modiolus forms the inner
 and larger portion of the central pillar, and is the
 cavity seen at the bottom  of the meatus audito-
 rius internus. It lodges a branch of the  auditory
 nerve.  The central  portion of the modiolus con-
 tains a number of minute canals, and is  called in
 consequence  Tractue epira'lie fioraminulo'ens.
 Into these the nerves of the  cochlea enter, and
 pass out at right  angles between the bony plates
 forming the zona ossea of the lamina spiralis, to
 be expanded on the membranous portion  of  the
 lamina.
   Modiolus, Mae, also means the crown  of  the
 trepan.
   MODIRA CANIRAM, Strychnos colubrina.
   MO'DIUS.  A dry measure, the third of an
 amphora,  equal to the bushel.—Varro.
   MODUS  OPERAN'DI, 'mode of operating.'
 This term is applied  to the  general  principles
 upon which remedies act in morbid states of the
 body;—a  subject of much interest, although in-
 volved in  considerable obscurity.
   The following  classification  will convey some
 idea of the ways' in which different organs may
 be excited into action.

 1. By actual or immediate contact of the remedy, and
ing of communication between the left auricle of
the heart and the corresponding ventricle.  These
valves are formed by the inner membrane.of the
left cavities of the heart; and are retained on the
side of the ventricle by tendinous cords, proceed-
ing from the columna? carneae.  They form a spe-
cies of valve,  which permit the blood to pass from
the auricle into the ventricle and oppose its return.
   MITRIUM, Sling.
   MITTE (¥.),  Efflu'vium Latrina'rium.  An
emanation exhaled from privies, which strongly
irritates the eyes." It consists of ammonia, united
to the carbonic and hydro-sulphuric acids.
   MIUAMARU, see Arrow poison.
   MIVA, Marmelade.
   MIXIS, Coition, Mistura.
   MIXTIO,  Mistura.
   MIXTURA, Mistura.
   MIXTURE, Mistura—m. Almond, Emulsio
Amygdalae—m. of Ammoniac, Mistura ammoniaci
—m. of Asafcetida, Mistura asafoetidae.
   Mixture,   Brandy,  Mistura  spiritus . vini
Gallici—m. Brown, Mistura glycyrrhizae  compo-
sita—m. Calmante, Looch  ex ovo.
   Mixture,  Camphor, Mistura  camphorae—m.
 Chalk, Mistura cretae.
   MIXTURE DE CRAIE, Mistura cretae —m.
 of Creasote, Mistura creasoti.
   Mixture, Cretaceous, Mistura cretae.
   Mixture  op  Emetine,  (emetic,) Mistura eme-
 tinae vomitoria—m. de Fer compoaSe, Mistura ferri
 composita—m. de Gayac, Mistura Guaiaci.
   Mixture, Griffith's, Mistura ferri composita.
   Mixture of Guaiac, Mistura Guaiaci—m. of
 Gum Arabic, see Emulsio  Acaciae — m. of Harts-
 horn, burnt,  Mistura cornu usti—m. of Iron, com-
 pound, Mistura ferri composita.
   Mixture, Hope's.  A  mixture  recommended
 by Mr. Hope in-diarrhoea and dysentery.  It is
 essentially a nitrate of morphia.  Although the
 proposer employed the acidum  nitrosum of the
 Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia, nitric acid is gene-
 rally used.  (Acid, nitroe. f3J> Aqua camphor.
 f J viij ; Tinct. opii gtt. xl.; M.)  Dose, a fourth
 part every three or four lfciurs.
   Mixture  of  Liquorice, Compound,  Mistura
 glycyrrhizae composita—m. Lithontriptique  de
 Durande, see Liquor  anodynus terebinthinatus—
 m. of Marsh mallows, Decoctum althaeae.
   Mixture, Musk, Mistura moschi—m. Neutral,
 Liquor potassae citratis—m. of Prussic acid, Mis-
 tura acidi hydrocyanici.
    Mixture  of Scammony, Mistura scammoni'.
    Mixture, Scudamobe's.  A mixture  ree  n-
 mendedby Sir C. Scudamore in gouty and rheu-
 matic  affections, and much  prescribed  in the
 United  States.  3Iagnee.  eulph. 5i—5ii; Aqua  ,
 mentha fix •  Aceticolchic f Si—f£iss-Surun i       by absorption or mediate contact.
 menmai^x,  Aceti coictoc. tgj—t$iss, Ayrup  j fc B  ftn impulse conveyed by the nerves, through an
 croci f 3J ; 3Iagnee. ^ vuj, M.   Dose, one, two, or ||      impression made on the stomach or elsewhere.
 three tablespoonfuls, repeated every  two  hours in • 3. By contiguous or continuous sympathy, or by mere
a paroxysm of gout, until from four to six evacu-
ations are produced in the twenty-four hours.
  Mixture of Strychnia, Mistura strychniae —
m. de  Whitt, see  Liquor anodynus  terebinthi-
natus.
  MNEME, Memory.
  Mneme Cephal'icum  Bal'samum.    A very
compound  medicine, into which entered Balm,
Lily, Roeemary, Lavender, Borage, Broom, Roeee,
 Violet, Saffron, Thyme, Storax, Galbanum, Ac.
  MNEMONEUTICE, Mnemonics.
  MNEMON'ICS,  Mnemon'ice,  3Inemoneu'tice,
Mnemotechne, (pvnpni 'memory;' pvnpovtxos, 'ap-
pertaining to memory,')  from pvaopat, ' I recol-
lect.'   The art  of aiding the memory; and of
forming, in some sort, an artificial memory.
  MNEMOTECHNE, Mnemonics.
  MOANING, from Sax. maenan,  'to  grieve.'
 Beapira'tio luctuo'ea, Mychthie'moe.  A plaintive
     proximity or continuity of parts.

  MOELLE, Marrow—m. AllongSe, Medulla ob-
longata—m. Epinilre, Medulla spinalis—m.  Ver-
tSbrale, Medulla spinalis.
  MCENIA DENTIUM, Alveoli dentium.
  MCEROR, Athymia.
  3IOFETTE, Azote, see Mephitism.
  MOFFAT, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Moffat
is a village situate about 56 miles S. W. of Edin-
burgh.  The water  is a cold sulphureous;  con-
taining, in a wine gallon, 36 grains of chloride of
sodium, 5 cubic inches of carbonic acid, 4 of azote,
and 10 of sulphohydric acid.   It resembles  Har-
rowgate water  in its properties.
  A  strong chalybeate spring was  discovered
there about the year 1828, which contains sesqui-
sulphate  of peroxide of iron, sulphate of alumina,
and uncombined sulphuric acid. 
MOGIGRAPHIA            599               MOLLITIES
  MOGIGRAPHIA, Cramp, writers'.
  MOGILALIA,  Paralalia, from  poyis, 'with
difficulty,'  and XaXttv, 'to speak.'  This word is
inaccurately written by Paul Zacchias,—3Iola'lia,
and Molila'Ha.  Difficult or defective articulation.
Impediment of speech..  See Balbuties.
  MOGOSTOCIA, Dystocia, Laborious labour.
  MOGUS, Agony.
  MOHAWK TASSEL, Eupatorium purpureum.
  MOHRIA  THURIF'RAGA.  A South African
fern.  Nat.  Ord.  Filices, the dry leaves of which,
pulverized and made into  an ointment with fat,
are serviceable in burns and scalds.
  MOIGNON, Stump.
  MQIS, Menses.
  MOISTURE, Mador, (F.) Moiteur, anciently
moiateur.  Simple humidity of the skin. The skin
is said to be mot'sr or in a state of moisture, when
there is  slight perspiration.
   MOlTEUR, Moisture.
   MOLA, Maxillary bone, Molar  tooth, Mole,
 Patella.
   MOLAGOCODI, Piper nigrum.
   MO LAI RE, Molar.
   MOLALIA, Mogilalia.
   MOLAR, Mola'rie, 3ty'licue, (¥.) 3Iolaire, 3Teu-
 lilre. That which bruises  or grinds ; from mola-
 tis, 'a grindstone,' or mola, 'a millstone,' (molo,
 ' I  grind.')
   Molar Glands.  Two small bodies formed by
a collection of mucous crypts; seated in the sub-
stance of the cheeks,  between the  masseter and
buccinator muscles, and whose  excretory ducts
 open into the mouth opposite the last molar tooth.
   Molar  Teeth, Grindere, Jaw Teeth, 3lola'rea
 permanen'tee dentee, Dentee molarea seu maxilla'-
 ree seu  yom'phii seu  clava'lee, Mola, Gomphioi,
 My'lacri,  31ylodontee, My'lodi,  31omie'ci,  Lag-
 teeth, Wall teeth, (Prov.) Azzle teeth,  Axle teeth,
 Cheek teeth,  Wang teeth, (¥.) Denta molairee ou
mdchelilree, occupy the farther part of each al-
 veolar arch.   Their coronae are broader than they
are high: unequal; tuberculated; and the  roots
are more  or  less  subdivided.  They  are 20 in
number, 10 in each jaw.  The  first two  pairs of
molar teeth in each jaw have been  called leaser
molares, premo'lar or bicuspid,  Dentes  bicuepi-
da'ti seu bucca'les.   The coronae have  two tuber-
cles ;  the outer being more  prominent  and larger
than  the inner.  The root is commonly simple ;
sometimes bifurcated.   The other three pairs
have  been termed,  Great molares—Dentes multi-
cuapidSea  (Ch.)   Their  coronae  are  cubical,
rounded, and  have, at the  upper surface, four or
five tubercles, separated by  deep furrows.  The
root is divided into two, three, four, and five fangs,
which are more or less curved.  The third great
molaris appears a long time after the others, and
hence has been called Dene eapien'tia or Wiedom
tooth.
  MOLASSES, Melasses.
  MOLE, 31ola, from  molee, ' mass.'  Myle, Ze-
phyr'iue faetus, Germen fahum, Peeudocye'aie mo-
larie, Gravid'itae molarie, Mooncalf, old French,
Fardeau.  A fleshy, insensible, at times, soft—at
others, hard—mass; of variable and determinate
size, which forms  in the uterus,  and is  slightly
united by vessels to that organ ; from which its
feeble vitality is derived.  It has been conceived
by some to be always owing to imperfect concep-
tion ;  but moles may form in the  undoubted vir-
gin.   They seem to be owing to a morbid  pro-
cess ;  and certainly are generally  connected with
conception.  At times, they contain parts of the
foetus; but commonly do not.  At very different
periods, in  different women, the diseased mass is
expelled  from the uterus,  with  ordinary symp-
toms  of abortion;  and the case requires similar
 management.  See, also, Naevus, and Conception,
 (false.)
    MOLE PLANT, Euphorbia lathvris.
    MOLECULAR, Slolecula'rie.  Of or  belong.
 ing to molecules or minute portions of any thing.
 Hence  molecular  death, in contradistinction  to
 eomatic death.
    MOL'ECULE, 3Iolec'ula,  3Tass'ula;  diminu-
 tive of molee, 'a mass.'  A minute portion of any
 body.  Also, the cicatric'ula, ma'cula, gullatn'ra,
 gelat'inous molecule, tread of the cock, or embryo
 part of the impregnated ovum, observable by  the
 microscope before  the ovum has left the ovarium
 of the hen.   It lies under the epidermic coats  of
 the yelk, and upon its proper coat.  If the ovum,
 according to Valentin, be  lacerated and  its con-
 tents minutely examined,  the cicatricula is found
 like a grayish white disk, which in its whole pe-
 riphery is dense,  granulous, and opake; but  in
 the  centre presents a clear, nongranulous, and
 perfectly diaphanous point.  Purkinje found, that
 when he removed the dark  granulous mass  by
 suction with a  small tube, there remained a per-
 fectly transparent  vesicle filled with a  pellucid
 lymph,  which  had a  decidedly spherical form,
 but, being extremely delicate, was  easily lacera-
 ted, and then its. fluid escaped.  As he found this,
 which later naturalists have named—after its dis-
 coverer—the Purkhljean ves'icle, in the ova of the
 ovary, but could not see it in ova, which had al-
 ready entered  the oviduct, he gave it the name
 germinal vesicle, or germ cell, veaic'ula prolifi'era
 seu germinati'va, (¥.)  VSaicule germinative.  Be-
 sides a perfectly colourless fluid, this contains one
 or more dark corpuscles,  which appear as a nu-
 cleus  through  the including membrane in  the
 shape of opake spots—the germinal spot,  mac'ula
 germinati'va seu ger'minane, nu'cleue germinatl-
 vue,  Blasto-car'dia,  Cor'culum  ger'minis, (¥.)
  Tache germinative.  The granulous membrane—
 its thickened portion, the so-called ' cicatricula,'
 —and the germinal vesicle, constitute those parts
 of the  ovum  which  pass  immediately into  the
 original foundation of the embryo, the blaetoder-
 ma or germinal membrane, veaic'ula blaetodermal -
 ica,  blastodermic vesicle.
    Molecule,  Gelatinous, Molecule.
    310LENE, Verbascum nigrum.
    MOLES GANGLIFORMIS, Ganglion  of

    MOLIBDUS, Plumbum.
    MOLILALIA, Mogilalia,
    MOLI'MEN, pi. Molim'ina, from motior,  'to
 move or stir,'   An attempt, a struggle.  Hence :
    Molimen Crit'icum.  An  impulsion towards
 a sudden solution  or crisis  of a disease.
    Molimen H^;morrhag"icum.   The  hemor-
 rhagic diathesis or impulsion.
    Molimen Hjemorrhoida'lE.   The hemorrhoi-
 dal diathesis or impulsion.  See Haemorrhois.
    Molimen Menstrua'le. The menstrual dia-
 thesis or impulsion.
    Molimen Naturae Salutarium, Instinct.
    MOLKENKUR, Whey cure.
    MOLLESCENCE, Mollities.
    3IOLLET, Sura.
    MOLLIPUFFS, Lycoperdon.
    MOLLIS  MATER, Pia mater.
    MOLLIT"IES, 3Iollea'cenee, Malacis'mus, Mol-
 lil'ia, 3follitu'do,  Emollil'iee, E. morbo'aa, Mol-
 litio, Malax'is,  Malaco'eie, 3Ialthax'ie, (¥.) Ra-
 mollissement ;  (G.) Malakien  (Fuchs);  from
 mollis, 'soft'  Preternatural softness of an organ
 or part of an organ.
    Mollities Cer'ebri, Malaco'sis Cer'ebri, En-
 cephalomala'cia, Encephalomalax'is, Necrenceph'-
 alus (W. Farr), Cerebromala'cia,  Encephaloeep'-
i de, Mollea'cence or eofitening or a kind of lique- 
MOLLITIO                600             MONEYWORT
faction of the cerebral eubatance ; the remainder
preserving its ordinary consistency.  (F.) Ramol-
lissement du cerveau.  The neurine often contains
small clots  of blood, giving rise to what has been
termed Apoplexie capillaire, (Cruveilhier.)  The
symptoms denoting it are equivocal.
  Mollities Cordis, Cardiomalacia.
  Mollities Medul'LjE Spina'lis, 3tyelomala'-
cia, (¥.)  Ramollissement de  la Moelle Epinilre.
Softening of the spinal marrow.
  Mollities Os'sium, 3Ialacoateo'eie, 31alacoa'-
teon, Emollil'iea  oa'aium, Paroa'tia fiex'ilis, Os-
teomalaco'sis,  Oateomala'cia, Rachitis seu Rha-
chi'tis adulto'rum, Spina vento'ea (of some), Sofit-
ening of  the bones, (¥.)  OstSo-malacie, OetSo-ma-
laxie, OstSo-malakie,  Ramollissement  dea oe.   A
rare affection, in which the bones are deprived of
their salts,  particularly of the phosphate of lime,
and consist only, or  mainly,  of  gelatin; hence
they acquire a degree of suppleness which ren-
ders them unfit for the performance of their func-
tions.   The  disease  generally  affects  all the
bones; but it is especially remarkable during life
in the long bones, which  assume any curvature
that may be wished.  Very  violent pain is often
experienced in them; and the urine  frequently
contains  an  enormous  proportion of calcareous
phosphate.   The  patient is compelled to  remain
in the horizontal posture; the bones no longer
being fixed points for the muscles  to act upon.
The   disease has, hitherto, always   terminated
fatally, and dissection has exhibited  the gelati-
nous nature of the bones; which, by desiccation,
have become transparent, as if they had been ma-
cerated in acid.
  Experience has afforded no  means of relief  in
this dreadful affliction.  The  alkaline salts, earthy
phosphates, Ac. are of little or no use.
  MOLLITIO, Mollities.
  MOLLITUDO, Mollities.
  MOLLUS'CUM,  Athero'ma, Ochthi'aeie.   A
cutaneous affection, so  called in  consequence  of
its  resemblance to certain  molluscous animals.
It consists  of numerous tumours, varying in size
from that of a pea to that of a pigeon's egg, filled
with  an atheromatous  matter,  which  are de-
veloped  in the substance of the derma, and are
of various  shapes, some having a large base, —
others adherent by means of a pedicle.
  3Iolluecum contagio'eum, (¥.) AcnS mollueco'ide,
a singular  variety,  is characterized by the pre-
sence of  hard, round, tubercles, which are smooth
and transparent, and when pressed, pour out from
an orifice in their summits a little opake or milky
fluid.
  The disease is probably seated  in the sebaceous
follicles.
  If internal treatment be adopted at all, it must
consist of eutrophics, as arsenic, iodine, Ac. The
external  treatment consists in  the employment of
measures calculated to excite the tubercles to in-
flammation, as by touching them With potassa.
  MOLOCHE, Malva rotundifolia.
  MOLOPES, Vibices.
  MOLYBDENUM  MAGNESII,  Manganese,
black oxide of.
  MOLYBDOCACHEXIA,  Saturnismus.
  MOLYBDOCOLICA, Colica metallica.
  MOLYBDONOSUS, Lead-poisoning.
  MOLYBDOPARESIS, Palsy, lead.
  MOLYBDOS, Plumbum.
  MOLYBDOSIS, Lead-poisoning.
  MOLYNE. Anus.
  MOLYNSIS, Miasma.
  3I03IIE, Mummy.
  MOMIN, Mamei.
  MOMISCI. Molar teeth.
  MOMOR'DICA, 31. Baleamlna, from mordeo,
momordi, morsum, ' to bite,' Balsamina, Nevro-
sper'ma  cuepida'ta,  Balm-apple, Baleam  apple,
(¥.) Baleamine, Pomme de merveille.   Ord. Cu-
curbitacese.   The fruit  of  this  oriental  tree,
Pomum mirab'ile seu hieroeolymita'num, was for-
merly considered  vulnerary.
  Momordica Aspera, M. Elaterium.
  Momor'dica Elate'rium :  31. aa'pera, Elate'-
rium,  Ecba'Ha Elate'rium,  Ecbalium  officina'-
rum   seu  agreete  seu  cordifo'lium,   Cu'cumis
agree'tie   seu aeini'nue  seu  eylvea'trie,  Cha-
ran'tia, Bouba'lioe,  Guarcrba  orbit,  Ecbol'itnn
elate'rium, Wild,  Squirting,  or  Asses' cu'cumber,
(¥.)   Concombre  Sauvage,  3lomordique.   Nat.
Order, Cucurbitacese.  The dried sediment from
the juice is  the  elaterium  of  the  shops.  (See
Extractum Elaterii.)   It is a most  powerful  ca-
thartic, and, as such, has  been  used in  dropsies.
Its  active  principle  is the  Elatin, Elaterin  or
Elaterium.  Dose, gr. J to gr. j. until it operates.
  3103IORDIQUE,  Momordica elaterium.
  MONAD, from  uovas, povaios, 'unity.'  A sim-
ple particle, or atom,  or unit. — Leibnitz.  The
smallest  of all visible animalcules.  A primary
cell or germ.
  MONE, Nates.
  MONAR'DA,  31.  did'yma seu coccin'ea seu
purpu'rea  seu Kalmia'na, Scarlet Rose   balm,
3Iountain mint,  Oswe'go  Tea,  3Iountain  Balm,
Horsemint, Square etalk, Red balm; a  beautiful
indigenous plant, Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia.
Nat. Ord. Labiatae, having the excitant proper-
ties of Monarda punctata.
  Monarda Allophylla, M. fistulosa — m. Cli-
nopodia,  M. fistulosa — m. Coccinea, Monarda —
m. Didyma, Monarda.
  Monar'da Fistulo'sa, 31. rugo'sa and  oblon-
ga'ta; M. clinopod'ia sen allophylla.  Wild ber-
gamot, Horeemint.  The  leaves have  a fragrant
smell; and an aromatic, somewhat bitter  taste.
They are reputed to be nervine, stomachic, and
deobstruent [?].
  Monarda Kalmiana, Monarda—m. Oblongata,
M. fistulosa.
  Monar'da Puncta'ta, Horeemint.  Indigenous
in the United States.   Stimulant and  carmina-
tive.   The Oleum monarda  is  officinal  in the
United States.
  Monarda  Purpurea, Monarda — m. Rugosa,
M. fistulosa.
  MONDER (¥.), from mnndue, 'cleanly.'  To
render clean  or pure.   In Pharmacy, it means to
separate  any substance from its  impure or useless
portion.  In  surgery,  monder ou mondifier une
plaie, is to clean or deterge a wound.
  MONDIFICATIFS, Detergents.
  MONDIFIER  UNE PLAIE, see 3Tonder.
  MONE'MERON, Monoe'meron, 3Ionohe'meron ;
from povos, 'one,' and  'nptpa, 'a  day.'  A  name
given to  several collyria, which  were supposed to
be capable of curing diseases of the eyes in a day.
  MONENTERUM, Colon.
  MONE'SIA. A vegetable extract imported into
Europe from  South America, in hard, thick cakes.
It is prepared from the bark of  a tree, whose bo-
tanical name  is uncertain—probably Chrysophyl-
lum  glycyphla'um  seu  Buranhem, Burnnhem,
Guaranhem;  Ord. Sapotaceae.   It is very friable,
and its fracture  very much resembles  that of a
well-torrefied cocoanut  It is wholly soluble  in
water; and its taste — which is  at first sweet like
liquorice  — sometimes becomes  astringent.  It is
on account of its astringent properties thnt it has
been  prescribed  in  chronic  bronchitis, haemo-
ptysis, diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, uterine hemorrhage,
Ac.  It has been applied locally, in  the form of
ointment, (Monee. p.  1, Adipie, p. vij).
  The dose of Monesia is from 12 to 40 grains a
day.
  MONEYWORT, Lysimachia  nummularia. 
MONGOLIAN
601
MONSTER
  MONGO'LIAN. Anthropologists give the name
Mongolian race to a variety of the human species,
spread over a great part of the north of Asia, in
China, India, Thibet, the Moluccas, Ac.  The in-
dividuals composing it have the skin of a brown
red, forehead flat, nose broad, cheeks prominent,
and lips large.  See Homo.
  MONGREL, Hybrid.
  MONIPLIES, Omasum.
  MONISM,  Monie'mue;  from  povas, 'unity.'
The doctrine, which declares matter and mind to
be identical.
  MONK PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. A
class of practitioners  of whom  Frfcre Cosme and
Jacques Beaulieu in France, and Pravetz in Ger-
many, were the most  distinguished.
  MONKSHOOD, Aconitum—m. Common, Aco-
nitum napellus—m. Salutary, Aconitum anthora
—m. Wild, Aconitum uncinatum.
  MONNI'NA POLYSTA'CHIA.   A  beautiful
South  American  plant.   Nat. Ord. Polygaleae.
Sex. Syet.  Diadelphia Octandria.  The bark of
the root is a powerful astringent, and much used
in South America in diseases of the bowels.
  MONNYPLIES, Omasum.
  MONOBLEP'SIS,  from  monoe,  and  fiXtipts,
' sight'  An affection  in which vision is confused,
imperfect, and indistinct, when both eyes are em-
ployed ; but perfect or nearly so, when either eye
is used singly.
  MONOCAR'PiE, from  monoe,  and eapiros,
'fruit'  A division of cutaneous affections, of the
family of Eczematosen,  of  Fuchs, which in-
cludes strophulus, psydracia, and ecthyma.
  MONOCEPH'ALUS, from monoe, and KtipaXn,
' head.'  A compound monster having two bodies
with a single head.
  MONOCOLON, Caecum, Rectum.
  MONOCRA'NUS, from monoe, and xpavov, Kpa-
vtov, ' cranium.'  A monster with one cranium,
but with the face in part double.—Gurlt
  MONOCULUM, Caecum.
  MONOC'ULUS,  Mon'ocle,  Monophthalmus,
 Unioc'ulu8,  Unoc'ultts, from  monos,  and oculue,
'an  eye.'   A bandage  employed  to  maintain
topical applications over  one of the  eyes.  This
bandage, called by some surgeons Simplex oc'u-
lue, (¥,) QSil eimple, is made of a roller three or
four  ells long, rolled into  a single ball.   See
Cyclops.
  MONODIPLO'PIA, from itzXovs,' double,' and
•"/'j 'eye.'   Double vision with one eye.
  MONOEMERON, Monemeron.
  ■ MONOGAS'TRIC, Monogae'tricue, from monoe,
and yaornp, ' stomach.'   That which has but one
stomach.  Man is monogastric ; ruminating ani-
mals, on the contrary, are pblygaetric.
  MONOGENY, see Generation.
  MON'OGRAPH, MED'ICAL,  Monograph'ia
med'ica, from monoe, and ypatpn, ' description.'
An ex profeseo treatise on a  single class of dis-
eases,  or on a single disease.
  MONOHEMERON, Monemeron.
  MONOMACHON, Caecum.
  MONOMACUM, Caecum.
  MONOMANIA, see Melancholy — m. Homi-
cidal, Homicidal insanity—m. Incendiary, Pyro-
mania.
  MONOMA'NIAC, 3Ionomani'acue, (¥.) Mono-
mane,  Monomaniaque, from  monoe, and  pavia,
'  mania.'  One who labours under monomania, or
insanity  on one subject.
  3IONOMANIE,  Melancholy — m. Homicide,
Homicidal insanity.
  MONOMMATOS, Cyclops.
  MONOMORIA, see Melancholy.
  MONOM'PHALUS, from  monoe,  and optpaXos,
'  a navel.'  A  monster produced by the union of
two bodies having a common  umbilicus.  Such a
double monster  is  called by  I.  G.  St. HUaira
Slonompha'lian, (¥.) 31onomphalien.
  MONOPAGIA, Clavus hystericus, Hemicrania.
  MONOP'ATHY,  31onopathla,   from  monoa,
and  irados, ' disorder.'  A  state  in  which ono
organ or function is disordered.  Applied to me-
lancholy or monomania;  which is said to be  a
monopathic affection.
  MONOPEGIA, Clavus hystericus, Hemicrania.
  MONOPHTHALMUS, Cyclops, Monoculus.
  MONOPLAS'TIC, Monoplae'ticus, from monoe,
and lrXaoew, 'I form.'  That which has one form.
A monoplaetic  element, in histology is one which
retains its primary form.—Gerber.
  MONOPODIA, Sympodia.
  MONOPS, Cyclops.
  MONOPSIA, Cyclopia.
  MONOPUS, Symmeles.
  MONOR'CHIS, (F.) 3tonorchide, from monoe,
and  opxu, opxtios, ' testicle.'  One who  has only
one testicle.
  MONOS, povos, one alone; as in
  MONOS'CELUS, from  monoe,  and aetXas,  'a
leg.'  One legged.
  MONOSI'TIA, from monoe, and eiros, 'food,'
' repast'  The habit of taking only one meal in
the day.
  MONOSO'MIAN, (F.) 3Ionoeomien, from monos,
and  awna,  'a  body.'  An  epithet applied  to  a
double monster, which seems, in the first instance,
to have had but one body.
  MONOT'ROPA  UNIFLO'RA,  (monoe,  and
rpoiros, 'a turn,' the solitary flower turned to one
side,)  Indian  pipe, Ieeplant,  Pipe-plant, Nest
root, Fit root.  Ord.  Ericaceae.  An  indigenous
plant,  whose juice, mixed with water,  has been
extolled by the Indians in ophthalmia.  The dried
root in powder has been given in epilepsy and
nervous diseases.
  MONS VEN'ERIS, Montic'nine  Ven'erie,
('Mount of Verins,')^Ephebe'um,  (¥.)  3Iont  de
 VSnue, PSnil, 3totte, Eminence eua-pubienne.  The
more or less projecting eminence, situate at  the
base of the hypogastrium, above  the vulva and
ip front of the  os pubis.  At the period of puberty
it becomes  covered with hair, formerly called
 Treaao'ria.
  MONSO'NIA  OVA'TA, Keita, of the Hotten-
tots. A plant of the Nat. Ord. Geraniaceae, which
grows at the Cape of Good Hope.   The root and
herb are very astringent,  and are used success-
fully in dysentery.
  MONSTER, 3Ionatrum, ('anything strange.')
Porten'tum, Teras, Pelor, Pelo'ria, Pelo'rium, Pe-
lo'rum, (¥.) 3Ionatre.  Any organized being, hav-
ing an extraordinary vice of conformation, or  a
preternatural perversion of every  part,  or of cer-
tain parts only.
  The following classification embraces  the main
varieties of malformations — Vitia prima  con-
'formationie.—1. Those in which certain parts of
the normal body are absent or defective—monstra
deficientia, constituting  Ectrog"eny (Serres),—
 Monetroeity by defect,  (¥.) Anomalie ou  3Ionatru-
oeitS par defiant, AgSnSeie. 2. Those produced by
fusion  or coalition of  organs — eoalitio partium,
aymphyaie.   3. Those, in which parts, united  in
the normal state, are separated from each other—
clefts, fieauree.  4. Those in which normal open-
ings are occluded—atresia.   5. Those by excess,
or in which certain parts have  a disproportionate
size — monetra abttndantia, 3Ionatros'ity by exceaa,
(¥.)  3Ionatruo8itS  par excle,  HypergSnSsie.   6.
Those, in which one or more parts have an  ab-
normal position—eitue mutatue.  7. Those affect-
ing the sexual organs — hermaphroditism ,- and
to these " true  malformations" Vogel adds  8.
Diseases of the foetus, and abnormal states of ita
envelopes. 
MONSTERS               602                MORBUS
  Amongst the numerous hypotheses entertained ■
on the origin or cause of monsters, or o* monstro-
sity— terato'ds, monstros''itas, (¥.) monetruoeitS, as
the state has been called — three only are worth
mentioning.  They have been attributed, 1. To
the influence of the maternal imagination  on the
foetus in utero.  2. To accidental changes, expe-
rienced by the foetus at some period of its uterine
existence : and 3. To a primitive defect  in the
germs.  The  second  seems to be the only one
that is philosophical.
  As a medico-legal question, monsters, if capable
of action as individuals, have the same rights as
other persons.
  MONSTERS,  COMPOUND, see  Unitaire—m.
Double, see Diplogenesis—m. Triplet, see Triplet.
  MONSTRA ABUNDANTIA,  see  Monster —
m.  Deficientia, see Monster — m. Trigemina, see
Triplet—m. Triplica, see Triplet
  310NSTRE, Monster — m. CompoeS, see  Uni-
taire—m. Unitaire, see Unitaire.
   MONSTROSITAS, see Monster.
   MONSTROSITY, see Monster—m. by  Defect,
see Monster—m. by Excess, see Monster.
   MONSTRUM, Monster.
   MONSTRUOSITE,  see  Monster — m.   par
DSfiaut, see Monster—m. par Excls, see Monster.
   310NT DE VENUS, Mons Veneris.
   MONTBRISON, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Montbrison is a  town in France, in the  depart-
ment of  the Loire, fifteen leagues  from  Lyons.
There are three cold springs  here, which are
highly  acidulous, and used as refrigerants and
aperients.
   MONT-DE-MARSAN, MINERAL WATERS
 OF. Mont-de-Marsan is a small French town,
 10 leagues from Dax; where there is a chalybeate
 Bpring, somewhat frequented.
   MONT-D'OR, MINERAL WATERS OF.
 Mont-d'Or is a village seven leagues from  Cler-
 mont, (Puy-de-D6me,) at which are several mine-
 ral springs,   cold and thermal.  Those  of the
 Fountain La Madelaine, and of the Great Bath,
 are thermal,  temp. 112° Fahr., and  contains car-
 bonic acid, subcarbonate and sulphate of  soda,
 chloride  of  sodium,  subcarbonate  of  lime and
 magnesia, alumine and oxide of iron.  Those of
 St. 31argaret'are cold, and  contain much carbonic
 acid.
    MONTECATI'NI, MINERAL WATERS OF.
 This town is situate near Borgo-Buggiano, in
 Tuscany.  The springs are thermal;  ranging from
 78° to  118° Fahrenheit.
    MONTHLY COURSES, Menses—m. Illness,
 see Menses—m. Periods, Menses.
    MONTICULUS CEREBELLI, see Vermiform
 processes of the Cerebellum — m. Veneris,  Mons
 veneris.
    MONTPELL'IER, CLIMATE OF.  This seat
 of  a celebrated medical school  in  the S.  E. of* I
 France was at one time renowned for its  climate, j
 and especially in regard to its adaptation to con-
 sumptive cases.   This is now exploded, and it is
 at present esteemed an unfit residence  for  them. 1.
 The climate  possesses  the general characters of ||
 that of south-eastern  France—being dry, hot, and jl
 irritating; subject to frequent vicissitudes, and
 especially to blasts of keen, cold, northerly winds, i
 It  is, indeed, most injurious in pulmonary dis-
 eases.
    MOON, Luna, Sele'ne, Mene,  Sax. Mona, (G.) |
 Mond, (¥.) Lime. The moon has been supposed 1
 to  exert considerable influence  over the human
 body, in health and disease.  Such influence has
 been grossly  exaggerated.   Not many years ago,
 it would have been heretical to doubt the exacer-
 bation of mania at the full of the  moon;  yet it
 is now satisfactorily  shown, that if the  light be
excluded at this period, the lunatic is not excited
more than ordinarily.
  MOONED, Lunatic
  MOONSTRUCK, Lunatic.
  MOONCALF, Mole.
  MOORBERRY,  Vaccinium oxycoccos.
  MOORGRASS, Potentilla anserina.
  MOORSHEAD,  Alembic.
  MOORWORT, BROAD-LEAVED, AnuTomeda
mariana.
  MOOSEWOOD,  Dirca palustris.
  MOPHETA, see Mephitism.
  MORBEUX, Morbid.
  MORBI, see Morbus—m. Acquisiti, Acquired
diseases — m. Acuti, see  Acute — m.  Adventitii,
Acquired diseases—m. Anniversarii, Annual dis-
eases—m.Annui, Annual diseases—m. Asthenici,
Adynamiae — m. Celati,  Feigned diseases — m.
Chronici, Chronic  diseases —m. Cognati, Innate
diseases — m. Complicati, see Complication, Im-
pliciti morbi—m. Congeniti, Innate diseases—m.
Connati, Connate  diseases ->— m. Connexi, Con-
junct morbi—m. Consequentes, Conjunct! morbi
—m. Constrictorii, see Spasmoticus—m. Derma-
todes, see Dermatoid—m. Dispersi, Sporadic dis-
eases— m.  Dissimulati,  Feigned diseases — m.
Epicteti, Acquired diseases — m. Evolutionis, see
Development—m. Hereditaria  Hereditary dis-
eases — m. Homoedri, see Homoedrus — m. Infi-
tiati, Feigned diseases—m. Interni, Internal dis-
eases—m. Melancholici, see  Mercurial—m. Mer-
curiales, see Mercurial — m. Nervosi, Nervous
diseases—m. Occulti, see Latent — m. Olfactfls,
Osmonosi — m. Perplexi, see Complication — m.
Pseudalei, Feigned diseases — m. Recidiva,  Re-
lapse— m. Recursus, Palindromia—m. Sexuales,
see Sexual — m. Sexus, Genonusi — m. Simulati,
Feigned diseases — m. Sparsi, Sporadic disease*
—m. Spasmotici, see Spasmoticus—m. Subacute,
see Acute — m. Tactfls, Haphonosi — m. Tropici,
Troponusi.
  MORBID, Mor'bidue, Morbo'eus, Pathic, Path'-
ical, Path'icue,(¥.) 3Iorbeux, Morbi de ; from mor-
 bus, 'a disease.'  Diseased, or relating to disease.
   Morbid Anatomy, see Anatomy.
   MORBIF'IC, 31orbifi'icua, (¥.)  3Iorbifique;
 from morbue, 'a disease,' and face re, 'to make.'
 Causing or producing disease — as morbific ema-
 nations.
   MORBILITY, Disease.
   MORBILLEUX, Morbillous.
   MORBILLI,  Rubeola — m. Confluentes, Scar-
 latina/—m. Ignei,  Scarlatina.
   MORBILLOSUS, Morbillous.
   MORBILLOUS,  3Iorbillo'eue,  Measly,  (¥.)
 Morbillenx, from  morbilli, 'rubeola  or measles.'
 Affected or connected with measles.
   MORBOSUS, Sickly.
   MORBULENT, Sickly.
   MORBUS, Disease,  see  Morbi — m.  Arapul-
 laceous, Pemphigus — m. Anglicus, Phthisis, Ra-
 chitis— m. Aphrodisius, Syphilis — m. Arcuatus,
 Icterus — m. Arietis,  Influenza — m.  Arquatus,
 Icterus—m. Articularis, Gout—m. Astralis,  Epi-
 lepsy—m. Attonitus, Apoplexy—m. a. Celsi, Cata-
 lepsy— m. Brightii, Kidney, Bright's disease of
 the — m.  Bullosus,  Pemphigus — m.  Caducus,
 Epilepsy — m. Caeruleus, Cyanopathy — m.  Cal-
 culi, Lithia— m.  Cardiacus, Cardialgia — m. Ca-
 tarrhalis, Influenza — m. Catoxys, see Catoxys —
 m.  Cerealis, Ergotism — m. Cerebralis Whyttii,
 Hydrocephalus  Internus — m. Cirrhorum, Plica
 —m. Coeliacus, Coeliac flux —m. Comitialis, Epi-
 lepsy— m.  Cordis,  Cardionosus — m. Costalis,
 Pleuritis — m. Coxarins, Coxarum  morbus — m.
 Croatus, Seherlievo—m. Cucullaris, Pertussis—,
 m.  Cucullus, Pertussis — m. Cystophlegmatieus,
 Cystirrhoea—m. Daemoniacus, Epilepsy—m. Dae-
 monius,  Epilepsy—m. Deificus, Epilepsy__m. 
MORCEAU DU DIABLE     603          MOROTROPHIUM
Dissolutus,  Dysentery—m. Divinus, Epilepsy—
m. Dominorum, Gout — m. Endemius, Endemic
—m. Epidemicus, Epidemy—m. Epidemicus gut-
turis Foresti, Scarlatina—m.  Eruditorum, Hypo-
chondriasis--m. Extrinsecus, External disease—
m. Farciminosus, see Equinia—m. Febrilis, Pyre-
ticosis — m. Fellifluus, Cholera — m. Flatuosus,
Hypochondriasis—m. Fluminiensis, Seherlievo—
m. Foedus,  Epilepsy—m. Frigidus, Atrophy—m.
Gallicus, Syphilis—m. Gestieulatorius, Chorea—
m. Granulosus renum, Kidney, Bright's disease
of the—m.  Gravis,  see Serious—m. Haemorrhoi-
dalls, Haemorrhois—m. Heracleus,  Epilepsy—m.
Herculeus,  Epilepsy—m. Hispanicus, Syphilis—
m. Hydrophobicus,  Hydrophobia—m. Hypochon-
driacus, Hypochondriasis — m. Hystericus, Hys-
teria—m. Idiopathicus, Idiopathia—m. Indicus,
Syphilis—m. Interlunis,  Epilepsy—m. Ischiadi-
cus,  Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea — m. Italicus,
Syphilis—m.  Jecinoris, Hepatitis—m. Lascivus,
Chorea—m. Lateralis, Pleuritis—m. Lazari, Ele-
phantiasis— m. Leseoli, Icterus — m. Lunaticus,
Epilepsy — m. Luteolus, Icterus — m. Maculosus
hamorrhagicus Werlhofii, Purpura haemorrhagi-
ca — m. Magnus, Epilepsy — m. Major, Epilepsy
—m. Mensalis, Epilepsy — m. Mercurialis, Ecze-
ma  mercuriale, Hydrargyriasis — m. Metallicus,
Colic,   metallic — m.  Mucosus,  Fever,   adeno-
meningeal— m. Nauticus, Nausea marina — m.
Neapolitanus, Syphilis—m. Niger, Melaena—m.
Originalis,  Idiopathia — m.  (Esophagi, GEsopha-
gopathia — m. Oryzeus,  Cholera — m. Pallidus,
Chlorosis—m. Pancoenus, Pandemic—m.  Parthe-
nius, Chlorosis—m. Pandemius, Pandemic — m.
Pedicularis, Phtheiriasis — m. Peracutus, see Ca-
toxys—m. Phoeniceus, Elephantiasis—m. Pilaris,
Trichiasis — m. Pleuriticus, Pleuritis — m. Plum-
beus, Lead-poisoning—m. Porcinus, Essera—m.
Popularis, Epilepsy—m. Primarius, Idiopathia—
m. Proprius, Idiopathia—m. Protopathicus, Idio-
pathia— m. Proteiformis,. see Proteiformis — in.
Psoadicus, Lumbar abscess — m. Publicus,  Epi-
demy — m.  Puerilis,  Epilepsy — m. Pulicularis,
Typhus  gravior —  m.  Pustulosus  Finnicus,  see
Anthrax—m.. Recidivus, Relapse—m. Reeidivus,
Palindromia—m. Regionalis, Endemic — m. Re-
gius, Icterus—m. Resiccatorius, Hypochondriasis
— m. Ructuosus, Hypochondriasis — in- Ructuo-
sus,  see Eructation—m. Sacer, Epilepsy—m. Sal-
tatorius, Chorea—m. Sancti Joannis, Epilepsy—
m. Sancti Valentini, Epilepsy—m. Scarlatinosa,
Scarlatina—m. Scelestus, Epilepsy—m. Scrophu-
losus, Scrofula — m. Secundarius,  Deuteropathia
— m. Seleniacus, Epilepsy — m. Sideratus,  Epi-
lepsy— m.  Silesiacus, Raphania — m. Simplex,
Haplopathia—m. Solstitialis, Coup-de-Soleil—m.
Son ticus, Epilepsy — m. Spasmodicus malignus
seu  popularis,  Raphania—m. Strangulatorius,
Cynanche trachealis — m. Sudatorius, Sudor An-
glicus — m. Truculentus  infantum,   Cynanche
trachealis — m.  Tuberculosus, see  Tubercle and
Tubercular  cachexia — m.   Ungaricus,   Fever,
Hungaric — m. Verminosus,  Helminthiasis — m.
Vernaculus, Endemic—m. Vervecinus, Influenza
— m.  Vesicularis,  Pemphigus — m.  Virgineus,
Chlorosis —m. Viridellus, Epilepsy —m. Vitrio-
latus,  Epilepsy — m.  Vocis,  Phononosus — m.
Vulpis, Alopecia.
  MORCEAU DU DIABLE, see Tuba Fallo-
piana—m. FrangS, see Tuba Fallopiana.
  MORCELLEMENT (¥.),  'Dividing  into
pieces.'  A mode adopted by M. Maisonneuve for
removing successfully a large fibrous tumour of

  MORCHELL'A  ESCULEN'TA,  Phallus eecu-
len'tue,  Helvetia eeculen'ta, Fungue fagino'eue,
Meru'lius, Common  MoreU,  (¥.) Morille.  Nat.
Order, Fungi.  A fungus, which  is esteemed a
luxury, entering into ragouts and  other dishes,
 [ or cooked itself between slices of bacon.   It has
  been considered to be aphrodisiac.
   MOR'DICANT, 31or'dicane, Calor mor'dicane,
  from  mordeo, 'I bite.'  A morbid heat, causing
  a disagreeable pungent sensation in the fingers
  of the physician.
   MORDICES, Teeth :  see Tooth.
   MOREA, Morus nigra.
   MORELL, COMMON, Morehella esculenta.
   310RELLE,  Boletus esculentus — m. d Fruit
  noir, Solanum — m. Furieuse, Atropa belladonna
  —m. en Grappee, Phytolacca decandra—»». Grim-
  pante, Solanum dulcamara.
   MORETARIUM,  Mortar.
   MORE'TUM.  A kind  of salad, with the an-
  cient Romans, made of garlic, parsley, vinegar,
  oil, Ac.
   MORE'TUS, from morum,  'the'mulberry.'
  Ancient name of a cordial julep, into the compo-
  sition of which  the syrup of mulberries entered.
  —Schroder.
   MORGAGN'I, HUMOUR  OF, Humor 3Ior-
  gagnia'nue, (¥.) Humeur de Morgagni.  A pecu-
  liar, transparent, slightly-viscid  fluid, found be-
  tween the crystalline and its capsule.
   MORGELINE, Alsine media.
   MORGUE (¥.).  A  dead-houee, in France,
  wherein persons, found dead, are exposed with
  the view of being recognised by their friends —
  Necrocomi'um, Necrodochi'um, Neoros'toa.
   MORI  SUCCUS, see Morus nigra.
   MORIA, Idiotism—m. Demens, Idiotism,  De-
  mentia— m. Demens lerema, see Dementia — m.
  Imbecilis amnesia, Amnesia.
   MORIBUND, Psychorages.
   MORILLE, Morehella esculenta.
   MORINGA  APTERA, see  Guilandina  mo-
  ringa— m. Nux  Ben, Guilandina  moringa—m.
  Oleifera,Guilandina moringa.—m. Pterygosperma,
  Guilandina moringa — m. Zeylanica, Guilandina
  moringa.
   MORION, Genital organ, Penis.
   MORIOPLAS'TICE, Chirur'gia curto'rum seu
  Anaplae'tica, Reetitu'tio organ'ica seu par'tium
  deperdita'rum, Traneplanta'tio, Autoplae'tice, Chi-
  rur'gia plaa'tica, Anaplastic Surgery, Autoplae'ty,
  Autoplaetic or Plaetic  Surgery, from popiov, 'a
  part,' and  nXaartKos, 'forming.'  The restoration
  of lost parts.  The operations for  this purpose
  have various names, according to the part con-
  cerned, as Cheiloplastice, Oeratoplaetice,  Rhino-

   MORNING GLORY, BLUE,  Convolvulus nil.
   MORO, from morum, 'a mulberry:'—Morum,
  (¥.) 3lure.   A small abscess resembling a mul-
  berry.  A small tumour, of a similar appearance,
  particularly on the genital  organs  after  impure
  coition.
   MOROCH'THUS, Moroch'tue, Morochi'tee, Me-
  rochltes, 3Ieroc'tee, Galax'ia, Leitcograph1'ia, (F'.)
  Pierre au lait, Milk etone.  An  Egyptian  stone,
  used by the ancients as  an application to the in-
  tertrigo of children : probably a variety of fuller's
  earth, inasmuch as it appears to  have been used
  by fullers.
   MOROCHITES, Morochthus.
   MOROCHTUS. Morochthus.
   MOROCOMIUM, Morotrophium.
   MORODOCHIUM, Morotrophium.
   MOROSIS, Fatuitas,  Idiotism.
   MOROSITA'TES, (moro'ens, 'morose,' 'peev-
  ish,' 'fretful,')  from  pwpta, and  //upwirif, 'stupi-
  dity.'  A generic name  given  by Linnaeus to an
  order of Vesaniae,  in which he included pica,
  bulimia, polydipsia, antipathia, nostalgia, pano-
  phobia, satyriasis,  nymphomania,  tarentismu*,
 i and hydrophobia.
II  MOROTROPH'IUM,  Moroeomlum, Morodo- 
MORPHEA
604
MORTALITY
chlum, Manicocomi'um, from pwpos, 'fatuous,' and |j
rpoipn, 'support' An ineane eatabliahmeiit, lunatic I
asylum, mad-house, Bedlam, (F.) HCpital dee fioue, ,
Maieon petite.
  MORPHEA, Morphew —m. Alba, Lepra al-!
phoides—m. Nigra,  Lepra nigricans.
  MORPHEE, Morphew.
  MORPIIEW, 3Iorpha'a, (¥.) 3IorphSe.  A term
vaguely applied to  scurfy eruptions on the face. |
3forphaa was formerly applied to squamous dis- I
eases in general.
  MORPHIA, Morphina —m. Acetate of, Mor-
phines acetas — m.  and  Zinc, double iodide of, I
Zinc and Morphia,  double iodide of— m. Citrate j
of, see Morphina—m. Muriate of. see Morphina
—m. Sulphate of, Morphinae sulphas.
  MORPHIiE ACETAS, Morphinae  acetas—m.
Citras, see Morphinae  sulphas — m.  Murias, see
Morphinae  sulphas — m.  Sulphas, Morphinae sul-
phas.
  MOR'PHICA, from  popipn, 'shape.'  Monstro-
sities of birth.' The 3d order, class  Typhica of
Good.
  MORPHI'NA, 3Ior'phia,  3Ior'phium,  31or-
phlne, Morphine,  from  Moptptvs,  Morphetie, the
'god  of sleep.'  A  solid, colourless alkali; crys-
tallizable  in beautiful pyramids,  truncated and
transparent; soluble in alcohol, and  slightly so
in boiling water.  It exists, combined with me-
conic acid, in opium.  It may be obtained by
decomposing, by means of ammonia  or calcined
magnesia, an aqueous solution of opium made in
the cold.
  Tho following is the  process  of  the  Pharm.
U. S.  Opium, sliced, ft)j; dietilled water, alcohol,
animal charcoal, each a sufficient quantity ; eolu-
tion  of ammonia,  f,S,vj.   Macerate  the opium
with  four pints of  distilled water for 24 hours,
and  having worked it with  the hand, digest for
24 hours, and strain.   Macerate the residue twice
successively with distilled water, and strain.  Mix
the infusions:  evaporate  to six pints, and filter ;
then add first five pints of alcohol, and afterwards
three  fluidounces of the solution of ammonia,
previously  mixed with half a pint  of  alcohol.
After 24 hours, pour in the remainder  of the
solution of ammonia, mixed as before with  half
a pint of alcohol; and set the liquor aside for 24
hours, that crystals may form.  To purify these,
boil them with two  pints of alcohol till they are
dissolved;  filter the solution, while hot, through
animal charcoal, and set it aside to crystallize.
  Morphia dissolves perfectly in the acids, which
it saturates; and with which it forms very crys-
tallizable salts, with the exception of the acetate.
All these salts have a bitter taste, and  act upon
the  animal  economy  in the same  manner as
opium, but more powerfully.  The acetate is the
salt commonly employed in  medicine.  It was, at
one  time,  supposed that Morphia is the purely
sedative part of opium,  divested of its irritating
properties; but experience  has  not confirmed
this.   On the contrary, it will generally disagree
where opium does.  Dose of morphia, i to I of
a grain.
  Morphi'nje  Ace'tas, Mor'phia Acetae, Mor'-
phium ace'ticum, Ac"etate of 3Iorphine, Acetate
of 31orphia.  A salt formed by saturating mor-
phia with acetic acid. (31orphia, in powder, freed
from narcotina by  boiling with sulphuric ether,
5j ;  dietilled water, Oss ; acetic acid,' a sufficient
quantity.   Mix the morphia with the water;  then
carefully drop in   the acid, constantly  stirring
until the  morphia   is saturated  and dissolved.
Evaporate  the solution  in  a  water-bath  to  tbe
consistence of .syrup.   Lastly, dry  the acetate
with a gentle heat and rub it into powder.— Ph.
U. S.)  Dose, from  J of a grain to half a grain,   i
  Morphi'n.e  Sulphas,  Mor'phi/E   Stlphas,
Sulphate ofi Morphia.   A salt, formed by satu-
rating morphia with  sulphuric acid, evaporating,
and  crystallizing.  Dose, the  same  as  of  the
acetate.
  3Iuriate, and Citrate  ofi Morphia, 3Iorphia ci-
tras, have likewise been used; but they possess
no advantages over the other salts.  The sulphate
and  muriate are  officinal in  the Ph. U. S.  The
muriate—Mor'phia Mu'rias—is directed to be
prepared  as follows.  (3Iorphia,  in  pulv., 3J;
Aqua destillata,  Oss;  Acid,  mitriat.  q. s.  Mix
the  morphia with the  water;  carefully drop in
the acid,  till the morphia is saturated and dis-
solved.   Evaporate and crystallize.)   One-sixth
of a grain is equal to a grain  of opium.
  MORPHIUM,  Morphina—m. Aceticum, Mor-
phinae acetas.
  MORPHOLOG"ICAL, Morpholog"icue, from
popipn, 'shape,'and  Xoyos, 'a description.'  That
which has relation to  the anatomical  conforma-
tion of parts.  Applied, at times,  to  the  altera-
tions in the /or»i of the several parts  of the em-
bryo, in contradistinction to hietological, which
is applied to the transformation  by which  tbe
tissues are gradually generated. In comparative
anatomy, it is applied  to the history  ef the mo-
difications of forms, which the same organ under.
goes in different animals.
  MORPHOLOGY,  Anatomy.
  MORPHOL'YSIS, from popipn, 'shape,' and
Xvots,  'solution.'  Destruction of organization.
An  agent,  that  occasions- such  destruction, is
called a morpholylic.
  MORPHOLYTIC, see Morpholysis.
  MORPHON'OMY, Morphonom'ia : from popipn,
'shape,' and vopos,  a law.'  The laws of organic
formation.  The  department of anatomical  sci-
ence which teaches the laws of organic configu-
ration.
   MORPHOTOMY, see Anatomy.
   MORPIO, see  Pediculus.
  MORPION, Crab-louse, see Pediculus.
   MORRHUA AMERICANA, see Oleum jecoris
aselli.
   MORS, Death — m. Apparens, Asphyxia — m.
Putativa, Asphyxia — m. Repentina,  Demotivus
lapsus—m. du Diable,  Scabiosa succisa.
   MORSELLUS, Tabella.
   MORSULI ANTIMONIALES, Tabellae  anti-
moniales Kunckelii — m. Stibii, Tabellae antimo-
niales Kunckelii.
   MORSULUS,  Tabella.
   310RSURE, Degmos.
   MORSUS, Degmos—m. Diaboli, Scabiosa suc-
cisa, see  Tuba Fallopiana—m. Gallinse, Alsine
media—m.  Stomachi,  Cardialgia—m. Ventrieuli,
Cardialgia.
   MORT, Adeps.
   3IORT, Dead, Death—m. Apparente, Asphyxia
— m. du Chien, Cholera — m. aux  Chiene, Colchi-
cum autumnale—m. NS, Still-born—m. aux Pan-
thlree, Doronicum pardalianches.
   MORTA, Pemphigus.
   MORTAL, Morta'lie, from more, mortie, 'death.'
Letha'lie, Leta'lie, Thanato'dee, Thanas'imus, (¥.)
3Iortel.  That which is subject to death ; — that
which causes death : — as, man is mortal; a die-
ease is mortal.  Of old, it was the custom  to have
a division  of mortal  or deadly wounds, which
gave rise to many errors in medico-legal  investi-
tions, as the mortality of wounds depends  upon
various circumstances;  and  it is  often a matter
of extreme  difficulty to pronounce whether or not
a wound is necessarily mortal.
   MORTALITY, 3Iortal'itae, Lethalitae, Letal-
itae, (¥.) MortalitS.   Same etymon.   This word,
taken  in an extended  sense,  expresses the condi-
tion of all organized bodies,—of being subject to 
MORTAR                605               MOSQUITO
the cessation of life.   In the sense in which it is ;
most frequently employed, it signifies,—the pro- !■
portional quantity of individuals who, in  a cer- ||
tain population, die hi a given  time.  If we  as-
sume the population  of the earth to be one thou-
sand millions, and a  generation to last thirty-
three years;  in that space of time the one thou-
sand millions must all die, and,  consequently,  the
number of deaths will be, by approximation,
    Each year....................30,000,000
    Each day.........................82,109
    Each hour..........................3,421
    Each minute...........................57
    Each second.............................1 nearly.

  If, on  the other band, as has been supposed,
the number of deaths is to that of the births as
ten to twelve :  there will be born,

    Each year.................36,000,000
    Each day.......................98,356
    Each hour.......................4,098
    Each minute........................68
    Each second.........................1  A  2-15ths.

  It has been estimated that the average mor-
tality of  the Pays du Vaud, is 1 in  49;  of Swe-
den and  Holland, 1 in 48; of Russia, 1 in 41; of
France,  1 in 40 ; of Austria, 1 in 38;  of Prussia
and Naples, 1 in 33 to 35; of England,  I  in 45;
and of South America, 1 in 30.  The same rate
of mortality has been given to tbe United  States
as to  France; but the statistical details  on  all
this matter have been inadequate, and—it  is not
improbable—inaccurate.  The following has been
given as the annual mortality of some of the
chief  cities of this  country and Europe: (See the
author's  Human  Health, p.  101:  Philadelphia,
1844.)  Philadelphia, 1 in  45-68; Glasgow, 1 in
44; Manchester, 1 in 44; Geneva, 1 in 43; Bos-
ton, 1 in 41-26; Baltimore, 1 in 41 ; London, 1 in
40; New York, 1 in 37-83; St Petersburg, 1 in
37; Charleston,  1  in  36-50;  Leghorn, 1 in 35;
Berlin, 1 in  34;  Paris,  Lyons, Strasburg, and
Barcelona, 1  in  32; Nice and Palermo, 1 in 31;
Madrid, 1 in  29; Naples, 1 in 28; Brussels, 1 in
26; Rome,  1 in  25;  Amsterdam, 1 in 24; and
Vienna, 1 in 22i.
  In the cities, the mortality undor two years of
age bears a large ratio.  This is exhibited by the
following table:
Aoes.		London.	Philad.	Baltimore.
Under 1 year, |		28-52	22-7	24-11
From 1 to	2.1		8-6	8-55
2 to	5,	9-97	7-3	11.18
5 to	10,	4-33	4-	5-
10 to	20,	4-03	5-	6-3
20 to	30,	6-64	12-	987
30 to	40,	8-08	12-	10-58
40 to	50,	8-89	10-	8-88
50 to	60,	8-89	7-2	5-78
60 to	70,	9-15	5-	4-5
70 to	80,	7-83	3-5	3-
80 to	90,	3-18	1-9	1-67
90 to 100,		0-40	0-5	' 0-26
100 to 120,		---	0-09 \ 0-013 J	0*18
110 to 120,		---		
  It would not be proper to regard  the value ofi
life in different countries, or in different  periods
in the same country, to be indicated by the ave-
rage mortality ; inasmuch as in one case a greater
mortality may occur amongst children,  and in
another amongst adults.
  Mortality,  Bills  of,  Bills  of Necrology,
MoTtuary Reg"ietere, (¥.) Tablee de MortalitS.
Tables, instituted for the purpose of exhibiting
the number of deaths, Ac, in a given time. Well-1
kept bills of mortality are of great use to the phy-1
lioian and political economist  Those of London (
were  proverbial  for  their inaccuracy and in-
sufficiency ;  especially as regards the complaints
of which the persons have died.  They were for-
merly made out by the parish clerks, and the in-
formation was conveyed to them by two old wo-
men,  who  were appointed in each parish, and
were called  Searchere ; — their duty being to see
that the deceased had died a natural death. This
miserable system has, however, been  abolished;
and the Registrar-General's annual  reports of
births, deaths, and marriages, exhibit how admi-
rably vital statistics  are  now collected in Great
Britain.
   MORTAR,  3Iorta'rium,  Moreta'rium, 31orto'-
rium, Piso, Ac'one,  Pila,  Holmoe,  Igde,  Igdus,
(¥.) 3Iortier.  A vessel for reducing  to powder
different solid substances, and for making certain
mixtures.  Various substances  are  employed in
the construction of mortars;—iron, marble, glass,
wedgewood ware, Ac
   MORTARIOLUM, Alveolus.
   MORT EL, Mortal.
   31 OR TIER. Mortar.
   MORTIFER,  Lethiferous.
   MORTIFICATIO,  Mortification —m. Pulmo-
num, Necropneumonia.
   MORTIFICA'TION, Mort ifica'tio,  Necro'sis,
Sphacela'tion, from mors, mortis, 'death,' and fio,
'I become.'  The loss of vitality in  a part of the
body.   The incipient stage of mortification, when
the case is still recoverable, is called  Gangrene;
when totally destroyed, Sphacelus.  Mortification
of a bone is called Necrosis.
   Mortification. Cold, Sphacelus — m.  Ergot,
Ergotism — m. Hot, Gangrene — m. Mildew, Er-
gotism.
   MORTOOTH, Cupri sulphas.
   MORTUARY  REGISTERS,  Mortality, bills
of.
   MORTUUS, Dead.
   MORUM, see  Morus nigra — m. Palpebral in-
ternae, Trachoma carunculosum.
   MORUS  NIGRA, M. lacinia'ta,  Mulberry
Tree, 3Iore'a,  Sycami'noe,  (¥.)  Murier   Noir.
Ord. Urticaceae.  The fruit of the mulberrj tree,
3Iorum,  popov, Sycami'num, (¥.) Mure, is  plea-
sant,  sweet, subacid,  and abounds  with  a deep
violet-coloured juice, Mori succus (Ph. L.).   A
syrup is directed in the London Pharmacopoeia.
The bark of the root has  been regarded  as an
anthelmintic.
   MORUS  RUBRA, Red Mulberry, Wild Mul-
berry.; indigenous.   The root has been used to
destroy ta?nia.
   3IOR VE, Mucus, Nasal mucus; see Equinia—
m. Farcineuee, see Equinia.
   MOS, Habit.
   Mos  Morbi Benig'nus seu Malig'nus.   Tho
benign, or malignant character of a disease.
   MOSCHARDI'NA,  3Iuecer'da,  from  poex°s,
'musk.'  A lozenge  for the mouth,  composed of
musk, ambergris, and other aromatics.
   MOSCHELjE'ON,  Moecola'a.  A  compound
aromatic oil, containing musk.
   MOSCHUS, Musk—m. Arabum, Hibiscus abel-
moschus—m. Factitious, Musk, artificial.
   MOSCOLjEA, Moschelaeon.
   MOSLICH, Maslach.
   MOSQUITA, see Mosquito.
  MOSQUI'TO (S.), Diminutive of (S.) moeca,
'a fly.'   Muequito.  A very troublesome insect in
warm, moist situations. Curtains, called 3Ioequito
curtaine  or  bare, are used by way of protection.
The entrance of mosquitos  into  the  bedchamber
may also be prevented, to a certain.extent, by
keeping the doors and windows  closed until the
lights are extinguished.  The pain  and itching
from the bites are alleviated by washing  them
with hartshorn. 
MOSS BERRY             606                 MOUTH
  Morquita is a Dame given, by the Portuguese,
to small, red pimples on tbe skin, resembling the
bites of the musquito.
  MOSS BERRY,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos — m.
Ceylon, Fucus amylaceus—m. Club, Lycopodium
—m. Cup, Lichen pyxidatus—m. Edible, Fucus
amylaceus — m.  Haircap, Polytricbum Juniperi-
num—m. Iceland,  Lichen Islandicus—m. Irish,
Fucus  crispus—m. Jaffna, Fucus amylaceus—m.
Marine, Fucus amylaceus — m. Pearl, Chondrus
crispus — m. Wall, common yellow, Parmelia
parietina.
  MOTA, Fagus castanea.
  MOTAMEN, Motion.
  MOTATIO, Motion.
  MOTE, Carbasus, Linteum.
  MOTEUR, Motory.
  MOTHER, Hysteria, Phlegm.
  MOTHER'S MARKS, Nsevus—m. Spots,
Naevus.
  MOTHERWORT, Leonurus  cardiaca, Matri-
caria.
  MOTIL'ITY, 3Totil'itae, from  motue,  'move-
ment'   (F.)  3IotilitS,  31otricitS.  Faculty  of
moving; moving power; contractility.
  MOTION, 31otue, 3Io'tio, Mota'tio,  Mota'men,
 Commo'tio, Permo'tio, (movere, motum, ' to njove.')
 Cine'eia, 3Iovement,  (¥.) Mouvement.  The act of
changing place.  Tbe  various  motions  may be
divided into,—Firat, the voluntary or  those that
are  executed  under the influence of the brain.
Secondly, the involuntary, which may be subdi-
vided  into, 1. The excited, of the reflex function
of Dr. Marshall Hall and others,—as the closure
of the larynx on the contact of acrid vapours, of
the pharynx on  that of  the food, — a function of
the  spinal  marrow; and,  2.  Those that  are exe-
cuted under the organic and  other nerves of in-
voluntary function.   It  is  probable, too, that
every living tissue is capable of moving  respon-
sive to its appropriate irritant  See Irritability.
  Motion, Ciliary, see Cilia — m. Involuntary,
see  Automatic — m. Vibratory,  see Ciliary — m.
Voluntary, Autocinesis.
  MOTIVE, Motory.
  MOTOR, Motory.
  Motor Oculi Exter'nus, Nervue tim'idue,
 (¥.) Nerf oculo-mueculaire externe (Ch.), Nerf
moteur oculaire externe,  Sixth  pair  of nerves,
arises from the furrow which  separates the  pons
Varolii from the medulla oblongata.  It enters
the cavernous sinus; anastomoses on the outside
of the  carotid artery with two filaments furnished
by the superior cervical ganglion; enters the or-
bit by the sphenoidal fissure, and is lost on the
rectus externus oculi.   This  pair is, also, called
Abducentes.
  Moto'res Oculo'rum, 3Ioto'rii Oculorum, Ocu-
 la'ree  commu'nee, Ophthal'mici  exter'ni, Common
 Oculo-muacular  Nerves,  (¥.)  Nerf8 moteure ocu-
 lairee  commune  (Ch.), The third  pair of nervee,
 Par ter'tium.   This nerve arises from a depres-
 sion at the inner  side  of the peduncles of the
 brain, between  the tuber annulare and  corpora
 mammillaria.   It enters  the outer part of the
 cavernous  sinus, and passes into the  orbitar
 cavity.  Behind the sphenoidal fissure, it divides
 into two branches; the one euperior and the other
 inferior.  The former is lost on the rectus supe-
 rior oculi and the  levator palpebrae superioris;
 the latter — the larger of  the two — divides  into
three branches, which pass to the rectus internus,
rectus inferior, and lesser oblique.  The  last fur-
nishes a filament, which passes to the ophthalmic
ganglion.
  MOTORIAL, Motory.
  MOTORPATHY, Kinesipathy.
  MO'TORY, 3fotive. Motor, Moto'rial,  Motrix,
 Kinet'ic or Cinet'ic, (F.) 31oteur.   Same  etymon.
That which moves or causes movement, as motor
nervee, in contradistinction to eeneory.
  MOTOS, Linteum, Tent.
  MOTO'SIS, poros, 'lint'  The application of
lint to a wound.
  3IOTRICITE, Motility.
  MOTRIX, Motory.
  3IOTTE, Mons veneris.
  MOTUM, Carbasus, Linteum.
  MOTUS, Motion — m.  Assimilationis,  Plastic
force—m. Automaticus, see Automatic—m. Com-
pressorius, Peristole—m. Cordis diastalticus, Dia-
stole—m. Haemorrhoidalis, Haemorrhois—m. In-
testinorum, Borborygmus—m. Involuntarius, see
Autocinesis—m. Peristal ticus, Peristole—m. Tes-
tudineus, Peristole—m. Vermicularis, Peristole—
m.  Voluntarius, Autocinesis.
  3IOUCHE,  Cantharis—m.  d'Eepagne,  Can-
tharis.
  3IOUCHER L'ACTION DE, Munctio.-
  3IOUCHES, see Pains, labour — m. Volantee,
see Metamorphopsia.
  MOUCHETURE, see Scarification.
  MOU CHOIR  EN  TRIANGLE, Couvrechef,
see Bandeau.
  310UFETTE, see Mephitism.
  MOULD, Fontanella.
  3I0ULE, Mytilus edulis.
  MOULEUR, Muller.
  MOULTING, Desquamation.
  MOUNTAIN ASH, Sorbus acuparia—m. Ash,
 American,  Sorbus  Americana — m.  Sickness,
 Puna.
  310UREILLER, Malpiijhia mourella.
  310URON DES OISEAUX,  Alsine media—
 m.  Rouge, Anagallis.
   MOUSE-EAR, Alsine  media, Hieracium pilo-

  MOUSE-SIGHT, Myopia.
  MOUSSE  DE  CORSE,  Corallina  Corsicana
 —m. d'lalande, Lichen Islandicus—tn.  d'Irlande,
 Fucus crispus—in. 3Iarine perlSe, Lichen Island-
 icus—m. PerlSe, Fucus crispus.
  3IOUSSERON, see Agaric.
  MOUSSEUX, Frothy.
  310 US TACHE, Mystax.
   310 0T DE LA B1ERE, Wort.
   3IOUTARDE,  Sinapis —m.  dee Allemande,
 Cochlearia armoracia—m. dee 31oinee, Gochlearis
 armoracia.
   MOUTH, Sax. mu«, Oe, Cavum  Orie, Stoma,
 Gab, (Sc.) 3Iow, (Prov.) Gob,  (¥.) Bouche.  This
 word  sometimes signifies the  cavity situate be-
 tween  the jaws, and containing the tongue, Ac;
 —at others, the outer orifice of that cavity.  The
 mouth, in the first acceptation, Cav'itae seu Spa'-
 tium Orie, is  the cavity;  bounded, above, by tha
 palatine arch; below, by the tongue;  before, by
 the lips;  and behind, by the  velum palati and
 pharynx.   The sides  of  the mouth and the or-
 gans it contains are lined  by a mucous membrane
 The anterior aperture of the mouth  is, sometimes,
 called fiadal—the posterior, pharyngeal.   In the
 mouth are  the  teeth, gums,  alveolar margins,
 tongue;  the excretory  ducts of  the  salivary
 glands, and those of a number of  mucous follicles,
 Ac.  It is in this cavity that the  food is cut, torn,
 or bruised by  the teeth; is  impregnated  with
 saliva, and formed into a mass or bolue, which  is
 then subjected to the act of deglutition.  The
 mouth contains the organs of taste;  and it serves
 in  respiration,  articulation,  expectoration, suc-
 tion, Ac.
   The  condition of the mouth requires to be at-
 tended to in Semeiology.   The state of the mu-
 cous membrane, like that  of the tongue, indicates
 the condition of tbe membrane of the alimentary
I canal generally. 
MOUVEMENT
607
MUCRO
  Mouth,  Oe,  Apertu'ra,  Orific"ium,  Hia'tua,
Periato'mium, is, also, applied to the open extre-
mities of vessels or other canals.
  Mouth Root, Coptis.
  Mouth, Sore, Aphthae.
  Mouth Watering, see Salivation.
  MOUVE3IENT, Motion—m. PSristaltique, see
Peristole.
  MOVEMENT, Motion—m. Cure, Kinesipathy.
  MOW, Mouth.
  MOXA, Moxibu'rium.  A word by which  the
Chinese and  Japanese designate a cottony sub-
stance, which they prepare by beating the dried
leaves  of the Artemisia moxa, — a kind of mug-
wort.  With  this down they form a cone, which
is placed upon the  part intended to be cauterized,
and is set fire to at the top.  The heat and pain
gradually increase, in proportion as the combus-
tion  proceeds  downwards, until  ultimately an
eschar may  be formed.   In  Europe and this
country, the same  operation is usually practised
with a cylinder of cotton-wool, or with one formed
from the pith  of  the greater sun-flower.  This
mode of cauterization is employed as a powerful
counter-irritant; which it assuredly is.   Slough-
ing may be in some measure prevented, according
to Baron Larrey, by the application of liquid am-
monia to the  burnt part
  The  term moxa has been extended to any sub-
stance, which by gradual combustion on or near
the skin is employed as^, counter-irritant,— as
the electric or galvanic moxa or cautery, in which
voltaic electricity is employed as the cauterizing
agent.
  MOXIBURIUM, Moxa.
  MOXIBUS'TION,  3Ioxibue'tio,   3Ioxocau'eie,
Encau'eie.  Mode  of  cauterization by means of
moxa.
  MOXOCAUSIS, Moxibustion.
  MOXON'S EFFERVESCING MAGNESIA,
see Magnesia, effervescing, Moxon's.
  MUCAGO, Liquor sanguinis, Mucilage.
  MUCARUM, Mucharum.
  MUCCINIUM, Mucilage.
  MUCEDO, Mucilage.
  MUCHA'RUM,  Muca'rum. A barbarous term,
formerly used for  an aqueous infusion of roses,
sweetened, and evaporated to the consistence of
syrup.
  MUCIFIC, Blennogenous.
  MU'CIFORM, 3Iuciform'ie, Myxo'dee,  Blen-
no'dee,  Blennoi'dee,  Blennoi'deue,  from  mucue,
and forma, ' form.'  Resembling mucus in cha-
racter or appearance.
  MU'CILAGE,  3Iucila'go,  Muca'go,  Muce'do,
Muccin'ium,  from  the Lat. mucue, — itself pre-
sumed to be from mungere, munctum, 'to wipe the
nose.'  A mixture  of gum  and a small quantity
of matter analogous to mucus, which is found in
abundance in linseed, quince-seed,  Ac.  It is ob-
tained by  heating in water the  parts, or pro-
ducts,  of plants which contain it  It is much
used in the preparation of emollient cataplasms
and the greater part of the demulcent tieanee,
(¥.) HydrolSa,  Hydrolitee.
  Mucilage, see Liquor sanguinis—m. Adragant,
Mucilago astragali tragacanthae — m. de gomme
Adragante, Mucilago.astragali tragacanthae—m.
de gomme Arabique, Mucilago acacias.
  Mucilage, Animal, Mucus.
  MUCILAGE ARABIQUE, Mucilago acaciae
—m. of Barley, Mucilago  hordei—m. of Quince-
seeds,  Decoctum cydoniae—m. of Rice, see Oryza
— m. of Sassafras Pith,  Infusum  sassafras  me-
dullas.
  Mucilage, Starch, Mucilago amyli.
  3IUCILAGINEUX, Mucilaginous.
  MUCILAG"INOUS,  3Iucilagiuo'aua, Gummo'-
eue, Gummio'dea, Gummido'des, \¥.) 31ucilagineux.
Gummy.  Resembling gum.  That which pos-
sesses the character of mucilage.
  MUCILAGO, Mucilage, Mucilago Acaciae, Sy-
novia.
  Mucilago Aca'cle, 31. Acacia Arab'ica seu
Gummi  Arab'ica,  31ucila'go, 31istu'ra Aca'cia,
Mucilage of aca'cia or of gum Arabic, (¥.) Muci
lage Arabique  ou de  gomme Arabique.  (Acacia
gum. contus.  ^iv; aq.  bullient.  Oss.  Rub the
gum with the  water  gradually added.)  Demul-
cent.  To allay cough;  but, chiefly, to suspend
insoluble matters in water, Ac.
  Mucilago Am'yli, Starch mudlage, Decoc'tum
Am'yli.   (Amyli, giij ; aqua, Oj.  Rub the starch
with the water gradually added;  then boil till it
forms a mucilage.—Ph. L.)  Demulcent.  Gene-
rally given per anum.
  Mucilago Articulordm  seu  Juncturarum,
Synovia.
  Mucilago Astrag'ali Tragacan'th^e, M. tra-
gacantha (Ph. U. S.) seu  gummi tragacantha,
Mucilage ofi tragacanth, 31ucilage Adragant ou
de gomme Adragante.  (Gummi tragacanth. ^j ;
aqua bullient.  Oj.  Macerate for 24 hours; tritu-
rate till the gum is dissolved, and press through
linen.)   Used  for pharmaceutical purposes.
  Mucilago Cretica, Misturse cretee—m. Gum-
mi Arabici, M. acaciae.
  Mucila'go  Hor'dei,  Mu'cilage  ofi Barley.
(Hordei, ^ss,  (avoirdupois) Aqua, f^xvi.  Tri-
turate  well; and boil.  Ph.  D.)  A  vehicle for
substances given in enemata.
  Mucilago  Seminis Cydonii Mali, Decoctum
cydoniae — m.  Gummi tragacanthae. M. astragali
tragacanthae — m.  Tragacanthae,  M.  astragali
tragacanthae.
  MUCIN, Mucus.
  MUCIP'AROUS,  Mucip'arue,  (¥.) Mucipare,
from mucus, and pario, ' I bring forth.'   Mucus-
producing ; as muciparoue glands or follicles.
  MUCI'TIS, 3Iycodermltie, from  mucue, and
itie, denoting inflammation. A term, badly formed,
for inflammation of a mucous membrane.
  MUCKSWEAT, Desudatio.
  MUCOCE'LE, Hernia eaeci lacryma'lie, from
mucus, and KnXn, 'rupture.'  An  enlargement or
protrusion of the mucous membrane of the lachry-
mal passages, giving occasion to fistula lacry-
malis.   Also, dropsy of  the lacrymal sac.
  MUCO-ENTERITIS, see Enteritis.
  MUCO-PU'RULENT, 3Ittco-purulen'tue, Pyo-
blen'nicus,  from mucue, and  pus.  Having  the
character or appearance of mucus and .pus.
  MUCOR, Euros, Mucus — m.  Narium,  Nasal
mucus.
  MUCOSIN, see  Mucus.
  MUCOSITAS, Mucosity, Mucus.
  MUCOS'ITY, 3Iueoa'itae,  (¥.) Mucoeiti.   A
fluid, which resembles  mucus, or contains a cer-
tain quantity of it
  MUCOUS, Muco'eue,  (F.) Muqueux.  An epi-
thet for all bodies containing mucilage or  mucus.
It is, also, sometimes used  synonymously with
gummy.  In pathology, it  is occasionally em-
ployed to express the seat of a disease, as  mucous
dieeaee, mucoue phlegmaeia;  that is, having its
seat in a mucous membrane.
  Mucous Corpuscles, see Mucus — m.  Layer,
see  Tache embryonnaire — m. Membranes,  see
Membranes—m. Web, Corpus mucosum.
   MUCRO, Apex. 
MUCRONATA CARTILAGO    608                MULSUM
   When mucus is examined with tho micrcecope
 it is found  to contain numerous epittelial scales
 or flattened cells ; together with round, granular
 bodies, commonly termed  mucous corpuedee or
 mttcoue globulea, which are contained in a fluid
 portion—liquor muci.
   Mucus Carphodes, see Carphodes—m.  Ca-
 tharticus, Lichen Islandicus—m. Malpighii, Cor-
 pus mucosum—m. Narium, Nasal mucus.
   MUD-APPLE -PLANT, Solanum melongena.
   MUDAR, 3Iadar. The Calotropis mudarii seu
 madarii, C. gigante'a, Aecle'pias gigante'a, J/v*.
 do'riue.   Ord. Asclepiadaceae.   In the  Hindi j
 practice of  physic,  the bark of the root, as well
 as  the concrete juice of the plant, enters  int-t
 various  compound  formulae for the cure of eia.
 phantiasis  and many  other disorders.  Experi-
 ments instituted by Dr.  Duncan, Jr., exhibit itt
 properties to be like those of ipecacuanha. Mixel
 with oil it is used in gout in Malabar.
   MUDGE'S INHALER, see  Inhaler.
   MUDLICK, see Kentucky, Mineral waters of.
   MUGUET, Aphthae, Convallaria maialis — m
 dee Boia, Asperula  odorata—m. de 31ai, Conval-
 laria maialis.
   MUGWORT, Artemisia vulgaris.
   MULATRE, Mulatto.
   MULATTO, (F.) 3Iuldtre,   (S.)  Mulata.   An
 individual of the human species engendered of a
 white and black race ; from mulue, ' a mule.'
   The following table exhibits the proportion of
, white blood in the  various castes, — arising from
 the hybridous admixture of white and black, —■
 | according to the principles sanctioned by usage.
      parents.
Negro and White................
White and Mulatto,...........,
Negro and Mulatto,............
White and Terceron,...........
Negro and Terceron...........,
White and Quarteron..........
Negro and Black Quarteron,
     offspring.
Mulatto,................................
Terceron.................................
Griffo, Griff, or Zambo, 1
  or Black Terceron,   j ..........
Quarteron or Quadroon,............
Black Quarteron or Quadroon ....'
Quinteron,..............................
Black Quinteron......................
   degree of mixture.

 1-2  White,  1-2  Black.
 3-4   ---   1-4  ---
 1-4   ---   3-4  ---
 7-8   ---   1-8  ---
 1-8   ---•   7-8  ---
15-16 ---   1-16 ---
 1-16 ---  15-16 ---
  Mucro  seu  Cor'yphl seu  Fundue seu Vertex
Cordie.  The apex or point of the heart.
  Mucro Humeri, Acromion.
  MUCRONATA CARTILAGO,  Xiphoid  car-
tilage.
  MUCRONATUM OS, Xiphoid cartilage.
  MU'CULENT, Aluculen'tus, from mucus. Slimy,
viscid.
  MUCUNA, see Dolichos  pruriens —m. Pru-
riens, Dolichos pruriens — m. Prurita, see  Do-
lichos pruriens.
  MUCUS,  Mucor, Muco'eue humor, Mucoe'itae,
Myxa, 3Iycue, Lape, Pitulta, Blenna, Zoomy'-
cue, Zoomyx'a, Piluite, Animal  mucue,  Animal
mucilage, (¥.) Muqueux animal, 3Iorve, Mucilage
animal, presumed to be from mungere, 'to wipe
the nose'  A  substance, analogous to vegetable
mucilage;  from which,  however, it differs, by
affording subcarbonate of ammonia on  distilla-
tion.  Mucus exudes through the skin, in a state
of combination with a peculiar oily matter;  and,
drying, forms the  epidermis.  It constitutes,  in.
part,  the  different epidermeous  productions,  as
the hair, nails, wool, and born of animals, feathers
of birds, and scales  of fish.   It is found at the
surface of the mueous membranes, and presents
some difference in its composition and properties,
according to the particular  mucous membrane
from which  it is obtained.  Its chief organic con-
stituent is an albuminoid compound,—mucin, mu-
coein.  Mucus  preserves  the membranes moist,
and in a state best fitted for  the  performance  of
their functions.  The French give the term glaire
to the thick, stringy mucus,  secreted by the mu-
cous membranes when in a state of disease.
  The last two were considered to be respectively I
white and  black,  in the  British West India
Islands;  and  the   former, .prior to  modern
changes,  were white by law, and  consequently
free.  See Half-caste.
  Mulatto Jack, Fever, yellow.
  MULBERRY CALCULUS, see  Calculi,  .uri-
nary.
  Mul'berry Mass. The mulberry-like appear-
ance, presented by the embryo, at a very early
Etage, when the different cells have drawn around
them a portion of the vitellus or yolk.
  Mulberry Rash, see Typhus—m. Red, Morus
rubra — m. Tree, Morus nigra — m. Wild, Morus
rubra.
  MULES (¥.), Mula.  Chilblains on the heels.
  MULET, Hybrid.
  MULGE'DIUM  ACUMINA'TUM, (mulgere,
mulsum,  'to milk,') Lactu'ca villo'ea,  Blue  Let-
tuce ; and
  Mulge'dium Florida'num, Lactu'ca Florida'-
na, Sonchne Florida'inte, Falee  Lettuce; indige-
nous planta ; Order, Compositae ; have the repu-
tation of curing the bites of rattlesnakes.
  MULIEBRIA, Menses,  Vulva.
  MULIEBRITY, Mulieritas.
   MULIEBROS'ITAS, Phylogyn'ia, from mulier,
 'a woman,' muliebrie,  'appertaining to women.'
 Fondness for women.  Hence, 3Iuliebro'eue, Mn-
 liera'riue,  and Muliero'eue ;  one who is fond of
 women.
   MULIEBROSUS, see Muliebrositas.
   MULIERARIUS, see Muliebrositas.
   MULIE'RITAS, 3Iulieb'rity, Womanhood, from
 mulier, *a  woman.'  The state  of puberty in  the
 female.
   MULIEROSUS, see Muliebrositas.
   MULIER PLENA, Pregnant
   MULLED WINE, see Wine.
   MULLEIN, BLACK, Verbascum nigrum —m.
 Broad-leaved,  great,  Verbascum  nigrum — m.
 Yellow, Verbascum nigrum.
   MULLER, (F.) 31ouleur.  A moulder.  A stone
 held in the  hand, with which any powder is
 ground upon a horizontal  slab.  It is sometimes
 called mullet, (¥.) 3Iollette.
   MULLIGRUBS, Tormina, Colic.
   MULLIN, Melizomum.
   MULOMEDICINA, Veterinary art.
   MULOMEDICUS, see Hippiater.
   MULSA ACIDA, Oxyglycus.
|   MULSUM, Hydromeli—m. Vinosum, (Enomal. 
MULTIFIDUS  SPIN.E        609                 MUSA
  MULTIFIDUS SPLN.E, Transversalis dorsi.  I
  MULTIFCETA'TION, J/u«M/tf ta'tio, from mul-
tue, ' many,' and fioetue.  Pregnancy with more
than two foetuses.
  MULT1LOCULAR, 3Iultilocula'rie, from mul-
tua, ' many,' and loculue, ' a cell.'   Having many
cells or small cavities.
  MULTIMAM'M^E,  (F.)  Multimammea,  from
multus,' many,' and mamma,' a breast'  A variety
of hypergenesis, in which there are supernume-
rary mammae.
  MULTIP'AROUS, Multip'arue, (¥.) 3Iultipare,
from multus, 'many,' and parire, ' to bring forth.'
One that brings forth several young at the same
time.  Such a birth is called plural.
  3IULTIPLICATION MERIS3IATIQUE, see
Generation.
   MULTITUDO,  Plethora.
   MULTIVORANTIA, Polyphagia.
   MULTIVOROUS, Polyphagous.
   MUMIA, Mummy—m. de Medullis, Marrow.
   MUMISATIO, Mummification.
   MUMMIFICA'TION, 31umisa'tio, from mum-
 my, and fio,  'to  be made.'   Sceleteu'eie.  The
 mode  of preparing a mummy.
   MUMMY, 3Iumia, Arab. 3Ioumya, from mum,
 'wax.'  Rebolea,  Rebona, (¥.) 31omie.  A  dead
 body  simply dried, or dried after having  been
 embalmed.   The  latter acceptation is the  most
 common.  Formerly, the  Egyptian  mummy was
 extolled as useful in  contusions.  It was pre-
 sumed, also, to have healing, tonic, and resolvent
 properties.  It is now only regarded as an archai-
 cal O'j.-iosity.
   MUMPS, Cynanche parotidea.
   MUNCHATOE, Mystax.
   MUNC'TIO, Apomex'ie, (¥.) VAction de  mou-
 cher, from mungere, munctum, 'to blow the nose.'
 The act of  blowing the nose.
   MUNDIFICANTIA, Detergents.
   MUNDIFICATIVA, Detergents.
   MUND'TIA SPINO'SA.  A plant of the Nat.
 Ord. Polygaleae, which grows in Southern Africa,
 and a decoction of whose branches  is  used in
 atrophy, phthisis, Ac.
   MUNGOS RADIX, Ophiorrhiza mungos.
   MUNGREL, Hybrid.
   MUNIMENTUM CASTITATIS, Hymen.
   MUQUEUX ANIMAL, Mucus.
   MUR, see Coryza.
   MURAL, 3Iura'lie, from murue, 'a wall.'  Ve-
 sical  calculi are so called, when rugous and  co-
 vered with tubercles  or asperities.  They  are
 composed of oxalate of lime.
   MURE,  Moro,  see Moros  nigra.
   MURFLES, Ephelides, Papulae.
   MU'RIA, Halme, Salsila'go, Brine, (¥.)  Sau-
 mure, ('aXpvpts, ' salt water.')   This was formerly
 used as a glyster in dysentery, in certain invete-
 rate neuralgiae, Ac
   Muria, Soda, muriate of.
   MURIAS AURICO-NATRICUM, see Gold.
   MURIA TE  D'AM3l ONI A Q UE,  Ammoniae
 murias—m. d'Ammoniaque et defer, Ferrum am-
 moniatum—m. d'Or, Gold, muriate of, see Gold.
   MURIAT'IC ACID,  from muria; Ac"idum
 talis seu mari'num concentra'tum seu ealie culina'-
 rie seu salt's mari'ni, Spir'itue ealie mari'ni seu
 ealie  Glaube'ri seu  sari's ac"idue  seu fitmane,
 Acidum hydrochlor'icum  seu murialicum, Spirit
 of ealt, (¥.) Acide hydroehlorique ou muriatique.
 An aqueous solution of chlorohydric acid gas of
 s. g. 1-16.   The odour of muriatic acid  is suffo-
 cating ; taste very acid and caustic.  It is nearly ,
       39
colourless when pure; but commonly  of a pale
yellow; volatile; the  fumes visible.   Muriatio
acid is possessed of tonic and antiseptic proper-
ties.  It is used in typhus ; cutaneous eruptions;
in  gargles  for inflammatory  and  putrid  sore
throats, (gtt. xxx to f^vj of water,) Ac.  When
added to a pediluvium, it renders it stimulating.
   Acidum Muriat'icum  Dilu'tum of the Ph. U.
S. contains four fluidounces  of muriatic acii, >■•
twelve fluidounces of distilled water.
   MURIDE, Bromine.
   MORIER NOIR, Morus nigra.
   MURIGENE, Chlorine.
   MURINA, Bromine.
   MURMUR, (F.)  Aim-mure.  A word existing
 both in the Romanic and Teutonic languages, and
 probably a.variety  of onomatopoeia; — tnur mur
 expressing the kind of sound which the word in-
 dicates.  A low continued or continuously re-
 peated sound, as that of  flame, or of a  stream
i running over a stony bottom.
   Murmur Aurium, Tinnitus  Aurium — m.  In-
 testinale seu intestinorum seu Ventris, Borboryg-
 mus.
   Murmur, Res'piratory.  (F.) Bruit reepira-
 toire.  The noise heard during  inspiration and
 expiration, especially the former.  It is produced
 by the passage of the air through the bronchial
 tubes and into the air-cells.  It has been also
 called murmur ofi the expaneion of the lunge, (¥.)
 Bruit  d'expanaion  pulmonaire;  and, when dis-
 tinctly vesicular, Respiration ofi the cells or ve-
i' eicular respiration,  (¥.)  Respiration ou murmiire
 vSeicnlaire. Vesicular respiration is of course
 absent when the cells of the lungs have been ob-
 literated from any cause.   We  may  then have
 the Reepiration nulle, Absence du  bruit reepira-
 toire, Silence, and  Reapiration eilencieuee of the
 French writers.
   At times, it is rude during inspiration or expi-
 ration, or both — the  Reepiration rude or R. rd-
 peuee of the French.  At others, there is a blow-'
 ing sound, (F.) Souffle, Reapiration eoufflante, aa
 if some one were blowing into the ausoultator's
 ear through a tube.  This  is heard in the healthy
 state over the larynx, trachea, (F.) Souffle tra-
 chSal, and  about the bifurcation  of the bronchia,
 (F.)  Souffle bronchique;  but  when  it proceeds
 from the lungs  it  denotes  disease.   It may be
 tubular or diffused.   In the former, the whiffing
 murmurs appear to occur in a space limited to tbe
 immediate neighbourhood  of the part examined.
 In the latter, they are produced  with  but mode-
 rate intensity, and sometimes at a distance from
 the ear, over a tolerably extended space.
   The respiration, perceived over the trachea and
 bronchia in health,  is called  tracheal or bronchial
 or tubal, (¥.) Reapiration  bronchique, Souffle tu-
 baire, according to the  situation in which it is
 heard.
   Murmur,  Uterine,  Bruit placentaire — m.
 Utero-placental, Bruit placentaire.
   Murmur, Whiffing, see Murmur, respiratory.
   MURR, 31urrain, from A.  S.  mynnhan, 'to
 destroy,' or from (L.) mod, 'to die.' (F.) Claveau,
 ClavelSe, Peetilential Fever.  An epizootic, per-
 haps contagious, disease, having some resemblance
 to small-pox, which affects cattle — especially
 sheep; and is said to have been transferred to
 man.
   MURRAIN, see Coryza.
   MURREN,  Coryza.
   MUSA, M.  Paradisiaca — m.  Cliffortiana, M.
 Paradisiaca—m. Mensaria, M. Paradisiaca.
   Musa  Paradisi'aca, 3tnaa,  31. Alensa'ria  seu
 Cliffortia'na, Amusa, Palma hu'milis,  Ficus In'. 
MUSC                  CIO                 MUSCLE
dira,  Bata,  Plalanue, Plantain  tree.   Family,
Musaeea?.   Sex. Sya't.  Hexaudria  Monogynia.
It grows in  many parts of India  and  South
America   Tbe  fruit, which  is largely  eaten  for
bread, consists  of a mealy substance,  Plantain
meal,  Conquin-tay.   It is clammy : has a sweetish
taste, and will dissolve in the mouth without chew-
ing.   The whole spike of fruit often weighs forty
or fifty pounds.  The leaves of the tree serve the
Indians  for  tablecloths  and  napkins.   Being
smooth and soft, they are also employed as dress-
ings for blisters. The water from the soft trunk
is astringent, and sometimes used in diarrhcea-.
  Musa  Sipien'tum.   The Bana'na  tree, Baco'-
ba, (¥.)  Bananier,  Bacore.   This differs  some-
what  from  the last.   Tbe fruit, Banilna,  (S.)
Platano, is shorter, straighter, and rounder:  the
pulp softer and  of a more luscious taste.  When
ripe,  it i?  very agreeable; it is  eaten like  the
plantain, and relished by all ranks  of  people in
the West Indies.  Both varieties are natives of
Guinea.
  MUSC. Musk.
  MUSCA HISPANICA, Cantharis.
  MUSCLE  ENTO-HYALOID, see  Metamor-
phopsia—in.  Volitantes, see Metamorphopsia.
  3IUSCADE,  see  Myristica moschata.
  MUSCAD1ER. Myristica moschata.
  MUSt'ERDA, Moschariina.  •
  MUSCLE, (old Eng.) Brawn, Alus'eulus,  Torus,
Lacer'tus. 3Iys, 3Iyon, from pvs. 'a mouse or rat;'
because, say some etymologists, the ancients com-
pared the muscles to flayed mice or rats.   Accord-
ing to Diemerbroeek, Douglass. Chaussier,  Ac,
pvwv comes rather from pvttv, ' to close,' ' to move,'
Ac,, a function  proper to muscles.  This etymon
is the more probable.   Muscles have been divided
into those of Animal life or of the life of relation
— voluntary muscles — which execute movements
under tbe influence of the will; as  the muscles
of the limbs, head, trunk, Ac, and into those of
organic life—iniolitutury musclee—which contract
under the influence of certain special stimuli; as
the heart, fleshy fibres of the stomach, Ac.  Mixed
mueclee are those which belong  partly to each of
these divisions ; — as the muscles of respiration;
the sphincters,  Ac.   Muscles that  act in  oppo-
sition to  each other are called antagoniete ; thus,
every extensor has a  flexor for an antagonist, and
conversely.   Muscles that  concur  in  tbe  same
action are  termed cougeneroue.   The muscles
present numerous varieties in  form, size,  situa-
tion, use, &c, and have been divided, by  Mime,
into long, broad, and  abort.   Each of these  divi-
sions comprises aimple  and contpound muscles.
Simple or rectilinear  mueclee have all their fibres
in a similar direction, and only  one body—a- the
Surtoriue, Pronator  quadratue, Ac.  Compound
mueeles are those which have  only one  belly and
several tendons, as the flexors of tbe fingers aid
toes: or  several bellies and  several tendons, — as
the biceps flexor cubiti, sacro-lumbalis, Ac.   To
the compound muscles belong, also, the radiated
mueclee.   Their fibres  set  out  from a common
centre, and are arranged like the radii of a circle;
— such are the diaphragm,  iliacus, temporal, Ac
Penuated or  Penniform  31uac/ee.  Their  fibres
are arranged in two  rows, which are united at a
median line,  at  greater or less angles;  nearly as
the feathers are inserted  into a quill.  The pal-
maris longus  is one  of these.   Semi-penniform
mueclee:  their  fibres  are  oblique, as in tbe last
case: but they are inserted  only on one side  of
the tendon.   Hollow  3Iueclee are,—the  heart, in-
testines,  urinary bladder,  Ac.
  Much  difference has  existed  in  the  enumera-
tion of muscles.  Some authors reckon their
upwards  of  400.   Chaussier admits  only
The greater part of them are in pairs.   Very few
are azygoue.
TABLE  OF  THE  MUSCLES, ARRANGED  AFTER  THE  MANNER  OF  DR. BARCLAY,
                            ACCORDING  TO  THEIR  ACTIONS.
          Forwards by
Platysma myoides,
Bterno-rnastoideus.
Rectus auticus major,
             minor.

  Assisted (when the lower jaw ii
           fixed) by
Mylo-hyoideus,
Genio-hyoideus,
Genio-hyo-glossus,
Digastrici.
      the head is  moved

         Backwards by
Part of trapezius,
Splenitis capitis,
Complexus,
Trachelo-mastoideiis,
Rectus posticus major,
  "      "    minor,
Obliquus capitis superior.
         To ei'her side by
Platysma myoides,
Sterno-mastoirieus,
Part of trapezius,
Splenitis capitis,
        colli.
Trachelo-mastoideuB,
Complexus.
       Forwards by
Platysma myoides,
St'-rno-mastoideus,
Digastricus.
Mylo-hyoideus.
Genio-hyoideus,
Genio-hyo-glossua
Omn hvoidei,
Sterno-hyoidei,
Thyro-hyoidei,
Rectus anticus minor,
Longua colli.
      THE NECK IS MOVED

          Backwards by
Part of trapezius.
Rhomboirieus minor,
Serratus posticus superior,
Splenius capitis,
   "    colli,
Complexus,
Trachplo-mastoideus,
Transversalis colli.
Intcr-spinalcs colli,
Semi-spinales colli.
Rectus posticus major,
   "     "    minor,
Obliquus capitis superior,
          "    inferior,
Bcaleni postici.
Levator scapulae.
         Laterally by
Various combinations of those mus
  cles which separately move i! for
  wards and backwards, assisted hy
  the scaleni. inrrrtran8%ersales, and
  recti laterales. 
MUSCLE                   611                   MUSCLE
           Forwards by

Rectus abdominis,
Pyramidalis
Obliquus externus abdominis,
Obliquus iuti-rnua.
Psoas magnus,
  '•   parvus,

Assisted (when the arms are carried
           foricarde) by
Pectoralis major,
          minor,
SerratuH magnus.
      THE  TRUNK  IS  MOVED

          Backwards by

Trapezius,
Rhoniboideus major,
Latissimus dorsi,
Serratus posticus superior,
           "     inferior,
Sacro-lumbalis,
Longissinius dorsi,
Spinales dorsi,
Srini-spiualfs dorsi,
Mtiltifidns  spina?.
Inter-transversaleB dorsi et lumbo-
  rum.
          Laterally by

Obliquus externus,
    "    internus,
Quadratus lumhorum,
Longissinius dorsi,
Sacro lumbalis,
Serraii postici,
Latissimus dorsi.
THE SCAPULA IS MOVED
     Upwards by

Trapezius,
Levator scapule,
Rhombeidei.
     Downwards by

Lower part of trapezius,
Latissimus dorsi,
Pectoralis minor.
     Forwards by

Pectoralis minor,
Serratus magnus.
     Backwards hy

Part of trapezius,
Rhoinboidei,
Latissimus dorsi.
THE HUMERUS  IS  MOVED
     Forwards by

Part of deltoid.
Part of pectoralis major,

Assisted  in  some circum-
       stances by
Biceps,
Coraco-brachialis.
     Backwards by

Part of deltoid,
Teres major,
      minor.
Long head of triceps,
Latissimus dorsi.
     Inwards by

Part of pectoralis"major,
Latissimus dorsi.
    Rotated inwards by

Subscapularis,

  Assisted occasionally btj
Pectoralis major,
Latissimus and teres ma
  jor.

       Outwards by
Supra-spinatus,
Infraspinatus,
Teres minor.
     Forwards by

Biceps,
Brachialis anticus,
Pronator teres.

      Assisted by
Flexor carpi radialis,
       sublimis,
  ■«    ulnaris.
Supinator longua.
THE FORE-ARM IS MOVED

      Backwards by

     Triceps,
     Anconeus.
   Rotated inwards by

Pronator teres,
Flexor carpi radialis,
Palmaris longus.
Flexor sublimis,
Pronator quadratus,

     Outwards by
Biceps,
Supinator brevis,
Extensor  secundi  inter-
  nodii.
THE CARPUS IS MOVED
     Forwards by
Plexor carpi radialis,
Palmaris longus.
Flexor sublimis.
  "    carpi ulnaris,
  '•    profundus,
  u    longua pollicis.
     Backwards by
Extensor  carpi  radialis
  longior,
Extensor  carpi  radialis
  brevior.
Extensor  secundi  inter-
  nodii,
Indicator,
Extensor communis digi-
  torum.
£xtensor proprius pollicis.
     Outwards by              Inwards by

Flexor carpi radialis.       Flexor sublimis,
Extensor  carpi  radialis    "    carpi ulnaris,
  longior.                   "    profundus,
Extensor  carpi  radialis  Extensor communis dig,
  brevior,                   torum.
Extensor ossis metacarpi,  Extensor minimi digiti.
Extensor primi internodii.  Extensor carpi ulnaris.
THE THUMB  IS MOVED
 Invarde  and  forward*
   across the palm, by

Opponens pollicis,
Flexor brevis,
  ••    longus
 Outwards and backwards
           by
Extensor ossis metacarpi
  pollicis,
Extensor primi internodii,
Extensor  secundi  inter-
  nodii.
Upwards and forwards.
  away from the other fin-  Backwards  and inwarae,
  gers, by

Abductor,

  Assisted by part of tlu
Flexor brevis.
  to the other fingers, oy

Adductor,
Extensor primi internodii.
Extensor  secundi  inter-
  nodii. 
MUSCLE
612
MUSCLE
THE FINGERS  ARE  MOVED

              Outwards,  to radial  bor.
Forwards, or fiexed, by    Backwards, or extended, by
Plexor sublimis.
       profundus,
Lumbri'iiles,
Interossiu.
Flexor brevis digiti  mi-
  nimi,
Abduclor digiti minimi.
Extensor communis,
         minimi digiti,
Indicator.
         der. by
Abductor indiris.
         digiti minimi,
Interossei.
       Inwards by

Abductor digiti minimi,
Interossei.
THE THIGH IS MOVED
     Forwards by
Psoas magnus,
iliacus.
Tensor vaginae femoris,
Peclineus,
Adductor longus,
         brevis.
     Backwards by

Gluteus maximus.
Part of gluteus medius,
Pvtiformis,
Obturator internus,
Part of adductor magnus,
Long head of biceps,
Setui-tendinosus,
Semi-membranosus.
     Inwards by

Psoas magnus,
Iliacus.
Pertinpus,
Gracilis,
Adductor longus,
         brevis,
    "    magnus,
Obturator externus,
Quadratus femoris.
     Outwaide by

Tensor vaginte fcmoril
Gluteus maximus,
        medius,
   '-    minimus,
Pyriformia.
THE THIGH IS ROTATED
     Inwards by

Tensor vaginae femoris,
Part of gluteus medius,

And. when the leg  is  ex-
       tended, by
Sartorius.
Seini-teudinosus.
     Outwards by

Gluteus maximus.
Part of gluteus medius,
Pyriformis.
Gemellus superior,
Obturator internus,
Gemellus inferior,
Quadratus femoris,
Obturator externus,
Psoas magnus,
Iliacus.
Adductor longus,
    "    brevis,
    "    magnus,
Biceps cruris, slightly.
THE LEG IS MOVED
 Baekwarde, or fiexed, by

Semi-tendinosus,
Biceps,
Semi-membranosus,
Gracilis,
Sartorius,
Popliteus.
     Extended by
Rectus,
Crureus,
Vastus externus,
   "   internus.
THE FOOT IS MOVED
Forwards, or fiexed, by    Backwards, or extended by
Tibialis anticus.
Extunsor proprius pollicis,
Extensor  longus  digito-
  rum,
Peroneus tertius.
Gastrocnemius,
Plantaris,
Solt-us.
Flexor longus digitorum,
       longus pollicis.
Tibialis posticus,
Peroneus longus,
    "    brevis.
   Inclined inwards by

Extensor proprius pollicis
Flexor longus digitorum,
       longus pollicis.
Tibialis posticus.
       Outwards by
Peroneus longus,
         brevis.
Extensor   longus digito-
  rum,
Peroneus tertius.
 Backwards, or fiexed, by

Abductor pollicis.
Flexor brevis digitorum,
Abductor minimi digiti
Flexor longus pollicis,
       digitorum,
  "    accessorius,
Lumbricales,
Flexor brevis pollicis,
Adductor pollicis
Flexor brevis minimi di-
  giti.
[oierossei.
              THE  TOES  ARE MOVED

 Forwards, or extended, by      Inclined inwards by

Extensor  longus  digito-  Abductor pollicis,
  rum,                    Interossei.
Extensor proprius pollicis,
    '•    brevis digitorum.
      Outwarde by

Adductor pollicis.
    "    digiti minimi,
Interossei. 
MUSCLE  CANIN
613
MUSCULINE
  Muscles  have been variously named.   1. Ac-
cording to  their uaea, as diaphragm, buccinator,
extensors, flexors, adductors, abductors, levators,
depressors, Ac.  2. According  to their  poaition,
as interspinales, interossei, subclavius, poplitaeus,
anconeus,  cubitalis,  iliacus,  temporalis, Ac.  3.
According  to their shape,  as trapezius, splenius,
lumbricalis, serratus, digastric, deltoid,  scalenus,
rhomboides,  Ac  4. According to their  dimen-
tiona, as peotoralis major, rectus capitis  anticus
major, pectoralis minor, glutaeus maximus, me-
dius, and minimus.   5. According  to their direc-
tion, as  obliquus abdominis, transversalis abdo-
minis, rectus femoris,  rectus abdominis,  Ac  6.
According to  their compoaition, as semi-membra-
nosus, semi-tendinosus, complexus, Ac.  7. Ac-
cording  to their  attachmenta,  or  the  different
points of the skeleton  with which  they are con-
nected by means of tendons or aponeuroses; as
sterno-cleido-mastoideus,  sterno-hyoideus,  Ac.
 On this is  grounded the nomenclature of M. Du-
mas, and that of Chaussier.
   The end of the muscle, which adheres to the
 most fixed part, is  usually  called the origin or
 head,  (¥.) Tete; and  that which adheres to the
 more  moveable part,  the ineertion or tail, (¥.)
 Queue ; the intervening part or body of the mus-
 cle being  called the venter or belly, Venter mua'-
 culi, 3Ie'dium mua'culi, (¥.) Ventre: hence the
 names gastrocnemii, digastricus, biceps, and tri-
 ceps ; according as  they have two  bellies, two or
 three heads, Ac
   Muscles are formed, — 1. Essentially  of the
 muaeulctr  or fleahy  fibre,  (see  Muscular Fibre.)
 2. Of Areolar tiaaue, which unites together the
 fibres.   This  areolar  tissue is not very visible
 between the fine and  loose fibres; but becomes
 more  so, when they unite in  more considerable
 fasciculi.   It forms, moreover, to each muscle, an
 external envelope, which  unites it to the neigh-
 bouring parts, and admits  of its  motion.   This
 envelope  was  formerly called  Tu'nica pro'pria
 muaculo'rum.   3.  Of  Arteriea.   These  proceed
 from  neighbouring trunks, and  are,  generally,
 very large.  Their  size and number are always
 in proportion  to the bulk of the muscle.  With
 the exception  of some viscera, as  the  lungs and
 the kidneys, there are  few organs that  receive as
 much blood as the muscles.   4. Of Veina.  They
 follow the same course in the  muscles as the ar-
 teries.  Bichat asserts that they are generally
 devoid  of valves.  5.  Of Lymphatics.  Of these
 we know little, and   cannot  easily  follow them
 between the fleshy  fibres.  6.  Of Nerves.   These
 are numerous, and  of different sizes.  They, al-
 most  all,  proceed  from the encephalon j  some,
 however,  issue from ganglions, and accompany
 the  arteries.   In  general, they  penetrate  the
 fleshy tissue along  with the vessels, with  which
 they  are  closely united.  After they have en-
 tered  the muscles, they divide  and subdivide
 until  they are lost sight of.
    3IUSCLE CANIN, Levator anguli  oris — m.
  CannelS, Ischio-trochanterianus.
    Muscle of  Gavard.  The oblique  muscular
 fibres of the stomach.
    MUSCLE GRAND FESSIER, Glutaeus ma-
 jor—m. of Guthrie, Compressor Urethras—m. of
 Horner, Tensor Tarsi—m. of  Houston, Compres-
 sor venae  dorsalis penis — m.  trie  Large du doa,
 Latissimus dorsi—m. of Wilson, Compressor ure-
 thras.
    MUS'CULAR, Mnacula'rie, 3Iueculo'aue, Toro'-
 sne, (¥.)  Mueculaire,  Mueculeux.  That  which
 belongs or relates to the muscles.   Well furnished
 with muscles, Lacerto'aue.
    Muscular. Ar'teries.   Arteries that are dis-
 tributed to the muscles.  The name, 3Iuacular
 Arteries of the eye, has  been  especially given to ;
two branches sent off by the ophthalmic artery:
— the one, inferior, which furnishes branches  to
the rectus inferior oculi, lachrymal  sac, Ac, and
some  of the  anterior ciliary arteries:  the other
—the euperior, which is sometimes wanting; but,
when it exists, gives branches to the rectus su-
perior oculi and levator palpebrae superioris.
  Muscular Contrac'tion.  The exertion of tho
power, possessed by muscles, of shortening them-
selves, or of contracting to produce  motion: —
muscular motion  being the change  in  the situa-
tion and relation  of  organs, induced by muscular
contraction.   When  a muscle contracts, its fibres
assume more the  zigzag direction, and the extre-
mities approximate; but the bulk  of  the whole
muscle is not augmented.   This contraction takes
place, at  times, with extreme velocity: a single
thrill, in the letter r, can be pronounced in the
1-30,000th part of a minute.  The force of con-
traction, Myody'namie, depends upon the healthy
physical condition of the muscle, combined with
due energy of the brain.   The duration, in vo-
luntary  motion, is for a certain time  dependent
upon the will:—contractions, excited  involunta-
rily, cannot be so long maintained.
   Muscular Current.  A current, which, ac-
cording to Matteucci, exists in  every living  mus-
cle, whose tendinous extremities are not  equally
disposed—one, for example, forming a cord; the
other broad and  ribbon-like — and which circu-
lates in the muscle from the tendinous extremity
to the muscular surface.
   Muscular Fibre, Fleahy fibre,  Filum mttacu-
 la're, Fibrilla  muacula'ria.  A  name given to
 the filaments, which, by  their union, form the
 muscles.   This fibre is flat, soft,  downy, linear,
 but little elastic, and more  or less red.  It  is
 firmer  in adults than in  the young  or the
 aged; of the same size in the great and small
 muscles; and runs its course without  bifurcation
 or ramification.   It is but slightly resisting in the
 dead  body,  tearing  readily; but  during life it
 supports very great efforts  without laceration.   It
 is, itself, composed of a considerable  number of
 fibrils, similar to each other, and subdividing al-
 most ad infinitum.   The ultimate  filaments into
 which the fibre  can  be decomposed by mechani-
 cal means seem to  be hollow or  tubular.   The
 fibre  exists  under  two forms, the   etriated  or
 etriped, (¥.) Fibre etriSe,  and the non-etriated,
 smooth, or unstriped, (F.)  Fibre lisse; the mus-
 cles  composed of the  former ministering, as a
 general rule, to the animal functione,—the latter
 always, perhaps, to the organic.   The colour  of
 the muscular fibres is red  in man, and white  in
 several animals.  A greater  or less  number,—
 united in fasciculi, Faecic'uli  seu  Lacer'ti mus-
 culo'rum, approximated to each other, and form-
 ing  a distinct mass, of very variable size and
 shape, the extremities being attached  to bones by
 means of  tendons, — constitutes a muscle.  In
 this are included areolar membrane, vessels and
 nerves.  See Muscle.
    Muscular Nerves.  The  nerves  distributed
 to the muscles are so named.   Winslow calls  the
 4th pair of nerves — Nerf museulaire oblique eu-
 pSrienr.
    Muscular System.  A term given to the ag-
 gregate of the muscles of  the body.
    Muscular Veins.   These  bring  back  the
 blood, which has been carried to the muscles by
 the muscular arteries.
    MUSCULARIS, Corroborant.
    MUSCULATION, See Locomotion.
    31USCULEUX, Muscular.
    MUSCULI ACCESSORII AD SACRO-LUM-
 BALEM, see Sacro-lumbalis—m.  Papillares. Co-
 lumna? carneae—m. Pectinati, Pectinated  muscles.
    MUSCULINE, see Fibrin. 
MUSCULO-CUTANEOUS       614
MUTITE
  MUS'CULO-CUTA'NEOUS,   31m'culo-cuta'-
neue, from mueculue, ' a muscle,' and cutis, ' skin.'
That which appertains to muscles and skin.
  Musculo-Cutaneous  Nbrve.   This name is
especially given to two nerves; — the one,  the
External cutaneoue nerve, furnished  by the  bra-
chial plexus (see Cutaneous:—) the  other, given
off from the poplitaeus externus, (F.) Nerf Sdat-
ique, PoplitS externe, Pritibio digital  (Ch.).  It
descends on the anterior and outer part of the
leg, — at first, hid among the muscles; becomes
superficial about the middle of the leg; and di-
vides into two branches, which pass  superficially
on the back of the foot   Two musculo-cutaneous
nerves—superior and inferior—proceed from the
first  lumbar. The euperior mueculo-cutaneoue —
ilio-ecrotal, il'io-hypogas'tricus — which divides
into  two branches,—abdominal and scrotal.  The
inferior mueculo-cutaneoue is smaller  than  the
superior, and is distributed as its name, il'io-in'-
guinal, indicates.
  MUSCULO-RACHIDiE'US. Belonging or re-
lating to muscles and to the spine. A name given
to branches, furnished behind by the intercostal,
lumbar, and sacral arteries, which are distributed
to the spine and to the muscles of the neighbour-
hood.
  MUSCULOSA  EXPANSIO,  Platysma  my-
oides.
  MUSCULO-SPIRAL  NERVE, Radial nerve.
  MUSCULOSUS, Muscular.
  MUSCULUS ACCLIVIS, Obliquus  internus
abdominis—m.  Auxiliarius, Pyramidalis abdomi-
nis—m. Constrictorius,  Sphincter—m. Cutaneus,
Platysma myoides—m. Eustachii, Laxator  tym-
pani— m. Fallopii, Pyramidalis  abdominis — m.
Femoris membranosus, Fascia lata—m. Patientiae,
Levator scapulas — m. Penicillatus, Levator labii
inferioris — m.  Pyxoides terrestris, Lichen pyxi-
datus—m. Scandularius, Parathenar—m. Subcu-
taneus, Platysma  myoides — m. Succenturiatus,
Pyramidalis abdominis — m.  Succingens,  Dia-
phragm — m. Supercilii, Corrugator supercilii —
m. Testicondus, Cremaster—m. Testis, Cremaster
—m. Tubse novae, Circumflexus.
   MUSCUS ARBOREUS, Lichen plicatus —m.
Caninus, Lichen caninus—m. Catharticus, Lyco-
podium selago  — m. Clavatus, Lycopodium — m.
Corallinus,  Corallina Corsicana — m.  Cranii hu-
mani, Lichen saxatilis—m. Erectus, Lycopodium
selago—m. Helminthoeortos, Corallina Corsicana
—m. Islandicus, Lichen islandicus—m. Marinus,
Corallina Corsicana—m. Maritimus, Corallina —
m. Pulmonarius quercinus,  Lichen  pulmonarius
—m. Pyxidatus, Lichen pyxidatus—m. Villosus,
Peristroma.
   MUSEAU DE TANCHE,  Os uteri.
   MUSE'UM  ANATOM'ICUM, Supel'lex ana-
tom'ica.  An anatomical museum.
   MUSHROOM, Fungus.
   MUSIC,  Mu'eica, (¥.)  Muaique, from  povoa,
mtt8a, 'a song.'  The  art of  producing harmo-
nious and cadenced sounds; an art,  which has,
at times, been  beneficially used  in diseases, par-
ticularly in these  of the mind;  or on which  the
mind could act in a salutary manner.
   MUSICOMA'NIA, 3Iueoma'nia,  from mueic,
and mania.  A variety of monomania in which
the  passion for music is carried to such an extent
as to derange tbe intellectual faculties.
   MUSING, LISTLESS, Aphelxia otiosa.
   3IUSIQUE, Music.
   MUSK, 31oaehue, Moach  (Arab.),  (F.) 3Iuec.
A peculiar  concrete animal substance, of a very
 diffusible odour,  bitter  taste, and a deep brown
 colour:  solid, and enclosed  in the preputial folli-
 cles  of  3Ioschue  moechif erne, 3Iuek  Deer,  (¥.)
 Chevrotain  porte-muac.  It is possessed of stimu-
lant and antispasmodic  properties.  Dose, gr. ▼
to 3J in bolus.
  Musk, Artificial, 3Inechua fiactil'iue, Red'-
na  Suc'cini.   (Ol. auccini  rectif.  1  part, acid.
nitric. 4 parts.  Digest;—a black  matter will be
deposited, which  must  be well   washed  with
wntcr ]
  MUSKGRAPE FLOWER, Bulbus vomitorius.
  MUSKMALLOW, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
  MUSKROOT, Sumbul.
  MUSKSEED, see Hibiscus abelmoschus.
  MUSKWOOD, Thymiama.
  MUSOMANIA, Musicomania.
  MUSQUITO, Mosquito.
  MUSS^IN'DA ¥B,0KI)0'SA,Belil'la,Bele'8on.
A decoction of this Ceylonese plant has been es-
teemed refrigerant.
  MUSSEL,  Mytilus edulis.
  MUSSELLED, see Mytilus edulis.
  MUSSITA'TIO, 3Iueeita'tion, from museitare,
mueeitatum, itself from mueeare, 'to murmur.'   A
condition, in  which the tongue and lips move, as
in tbe act of  speaking, but without sounds being
produced.  This sort of murmuring  is an unfa-
vourable sign in disease, as indicating great cere-
bral debility.
  MUSTA'CEUM:  from Muetacea, a  kind of
laurus used in making  it.   A kind of wedding-
cake used by the ancients, which  consisted of
meal, aniseed, cummin,  and several other aroma-
tics ; its object—it has been conceived—being to
prevent or remove the indigestion occasioned by
too great indulgence at the marriage feast.  Lau-
reolum in muetaceo quarere— ''to seek for glory
in pitiful performances."—Cicero.
  MUSTACHE, Mystax.
  MUSTARD, BLACK, Sinapis —m. Clammy,
Polanisia graveolens — m.  Essence of,  White-
head's, see Sinapis—m. False, Polanisia graveo-
lens—m. Green, Lepidium  sativum—m. Hedge,
Erysimum—m. Mithridate,  Thlaspi campestre—
m.  Stinking hedge, Alliaria—m. Treacle, Thlaspi
arvense—m. White, Sinapis  alba—m. Wild, Sina-
pis arvensis.
  MUSTELANEUS, Galeancon.
  MUSTUM, Wort.
  MUTACIS'MUS,  Mu'taciem,  from  pvraxtfa,
'I use the letter m, iiv, too frequently.'  A vicious
pronunciation; consisting, according to Sauvages,
in the frequent repetition of the letters M, B,  and
p, which are substituted for others.
  MUTA'TIO SEXUS.  'A change or conversion
of sex.'  A  notion  prevailed in  antiquity that
such a conversion was possible.
   MUTEO'SIS, from mutue, 'dumb.'  Under this
name is comprehended every phenomenon of ex-
pression, voluntary  and involuntary, which im-
presses the sight or touch.
   MUTILA'TION,  Mutila'tio,  3Iaiming,  from
mutilue, 'broken.'  The removal or privation of
 a limb,  or of some other external  part  of the
 body.  In all countries, this crime has been pun-
 ished with severity.
   MUTINUS. Penis.
   3IUTIS3IE, Mutitas.
   MU'TITAS, (mutue,  (F.) 3Iuet, 'dumb.')   06-
 tiimeecen'tia,Ala'lia,Anau'dia, Dumbneee, Speech'-
 leesneee, (F.)  3Iutisme, 3IutitS.  Impossibility of
 articulating  sounds; although they can  be eli-
 cited.  Dumbness is often congenital, and united
 with  deafness, of which it is an effect.  In  some
 cases it  is accidental.
   Mutitas  Surdo'ijum, Apho'nia Surdorum, Sur-
 domu'titos,   Deafi-dumbneee,  (¥.)  SttrdimntitS.
 Speechlessness from deafness; congenital, or pro-
 duced during infancy.  The subjects of this affec-
 tion are called deaf-dumb, (F.) Sourde-muete.
   MUTITE, Mutitas. 
MUTO
615
MYLO-HYOIDEUS
  MUTO, Penis.
  MUTONIATUS, Membrosus.
  3IUTTERKORN, Ergot.
  MUTTON TEA.   Prepared from a pound of
mutlvn, freed from the fat and cut into thin slices;
and a pint and a half of boiling soft water poured
over them, as in the case of beef tea; except that
It requires to be boiled for half an hour after the
maceration, before it is strained through a sieve.
  MUTUNNUS, Priapus.
  MYACANTHA, Ruscus.
  MYALGIA, Cramp.
  MYASTHENIA,  from  pvt,  'a muscle,' and
ma&tvtta, ' debility.'   Muscular debility.
  MYCE, Occlusion.
  MYCES, Fungus.
  MYCHMUS, Suspirium.
  MYCHTHISMUS, Moaning, Suspirium.
  MYCODERM'A,  My'coderm; from pvens, 'a
mushroom,' and Itppa,  'skin.'   A cryptogamous
growth,  which constitutes  the  crusts of favus.
See  Porrigo favosa.
  Mycoderma Cerevisia:,  Torula cerevisise.
  Mycoderma Plicae,  Trichomaph'yton. A cryp-
togamous growth, said to be the essenoe of Plica.
  MYCODERMITIS, Mucitis.
  MYCODES. Fungoid.
  MYCODIARRH03A, see Diarrhoea.
  MYCODYSENTERIA, see Dysentery.
  MYCOP1ITHISIS, see Bronchorrhcea.
  MYCORTHOPN03'A; from  ^u<coj,  'mucus,'
and opdonvoia,  'difficulty  of breathing  except
when  in the  erect  attitude.'  Orthopnoea  from
excessive secretion  of mucus in the air-passages
— Orthopnce'a pituito'ea.
  MYCOSIS,  Fungus.
  MYCTERES, Myxae, Nares.
  MYCTEROPHONIA, Rhinophonia.
  MYCTEROXE'ROTES, 3Iycteroxero'eie,  from
pvtcrnpts,  'the  nares,'  and  inporns,  'dryness.'
Na'rium nc'citae.   Dryness of the interior  of the
nose.
  MYCUS, Mucus.
  MYDE'SIS, from pvSaw, 'I abound with mois-
ture,'  'I am  putrid.'   Moisture.   In  its   most
general sense, it means corruption.  By some, it
is used  for a mucous  discharge  from inflamed
eyelids.
  MYDON, pvooiv.   Same  etymon.  Fungous or
putrid flesh in certain fistulous  ulcers.—Pollux.
Also, flesh putrid from  mouldiness.
  MYDRI'ASIS, Platycor'ia, PJ,atycori'asie,
Amydri'aeie.   A  name  given by several writers
to morbid dilatation of the pupil; and, by others,
to weakness of sight, produced by hydrophthal-
mia, or superabundance of humours, from  uv&os,
'moisture.'
  MYDRIAT'ICUS, 3Iydriat'ic.  Relating to or
causing dilatation of the pupil.—Pereira.
  MYELAL'GIA;  from pvtXos, 'the spinal mar-
row,' and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the spinal mar-
row.
  MYELANALOSIS, Tabes dorsalis.
  MYELAPOPLEXIA, Apoplexia myelitica.
  MYELATELI'A; from  pvtXos,  ' the spinal
marrow,' and  artXtia,   (a,  privative,  and  rtXos,
'end,')  'want of end or finish.'  Incompleteness
of the spinal marrow.
  MYELATROPHIA, Tabes dorsalis.
  MYELITE, Myelitis.
  MYELI'TIS, 31. parenchymal'aa seu apina'lie,
Inflamma'tio medulla apina'lie, Spinltie, Spino-
dorei'tie, Notomyeli'tie, Rachiomyelltie, Rachial-
gi'tie (of some), (F.) 31ySlite, Inflammation  de la
moille Spinilre, 1. rachidienne, from pvtXos, 'the
marrow,' and itie,  denoting inflammation.  In-
flammation of the  spinal marrow  or its  mem-
branes ;—indicated  by deep-seated burning pain
in the spine,  with various nervous and  vascular
irregularities  of function.   It is  not common.
Dr. Marshall  Hall proposes to call  inflammation
of the  membranes of the brain 31eningitie; that
of the substance of the brain 3Iyelitia.
  Myelitis Petechialis,  Meningitis, oerebro-
spinal — m. Spinalis, Myelitis — m. Exsudativa,
Hydrorachis—m. Parenchymatosa, Myelitis.
  MYELOCHYSIS, Hydrorachis.
  MY'ELOCYTES,  from pvtXos,  'marrow,' and
kvtos, a mass,  body or cell.  Granules of  the
brain.   Nuclei of the cells of the gray substance.
  MYELOGANGLIITIS, Cholera (sporadic).
  MY'ELOID, Myelo'i'dee, Myelo'dee; from pvt-
Xos, 'marrow/ and ttios, 'resemblance.'  Marrow-
like.
  Myeloid Tumor,  Fibroplaetic tumour.  A sar-
comatous tumour, the more characteristic consti-
tuents of which are — peculiar many-nucleated
corpuscles, which have  been  recognised as con-
stituents of the marrow and diploe of bones, es-
pecially in  the foetus, and in early life.—Paget.
   MYELOMA, see Encephaloid.
   MYELOMALACIA,Mollities medullas spinalis.
   MYELOMENINGITIS, Meningitis, spinal.
   MYELOMYCES,  see Encephaloid.
   MYELON, Medulla spinalis.
   MYELOPARALYSIS, Paraplegia.
   MYELOPHTHISIS, Tabes dorsalis--m.  Sicca,
Tabes mesenterica.
   MYELOPHY'MATA, Tuber'cula medulla epi-
na'liej from pvtXos, 'marrow,' and <pvpa, 'a tuber-
cle.'  Tubercles of the spinal marrow.
   31YELOPL AXE, from pvtXos,  'marrow,'and
irXai-, 'a plate  or lamella.'  Plates  or lamellae
with numerous nuclei in the marrow of bones.—
Robin.
   MYELORRHAGIA, Apoplexia  myelitica.
   MYELOSPONGUS,  see Encephaloid.
   MYELUS, Marrow, Medulla spinalis -m. Di-
auchenius, Medulla spinalis — m. Dorsites, Me-
dulla spinalis—m.  Notiaeus, Medulla spinalis —
m. Psoites, Medulla spinalis.
  MYENERGI'A, from pvs,  'a muscle,' tv, and
tpyov, 'work.'  Muscular strength.
  MYGMUS, Suspirium.
  MYIOCEPHALUM, Staphyloma.
   MYIODOPSIA, Metamorphopsia.
   MYITIS, Myositis, Rheumatism, acute.
   MYLABRIS CICHORII, see  Cantharis —m.
Punctata, see Cantharis—m. Pustulata, see Can-
tharis.
   MYLACEPH'ALUS, from pvXn,  'a mole,' a,
privative,  and  Kt^aXn,  'head.'  A  monster with
only traces of viscera,  and without head  or ex-
tremities.
   MYLACRI, Molar teeth.
   MYLACRIS, Patella.
   MYLE,  Patella, Mole.
   MYLICUS, Molar.
   MYLO,  in composition, from pvXn,  'the jaw.'
Relating or belonging to the jaw.
   MYLODI,  Molar  teeth.
   MYLODONTES,  Molar teeth.
   MYLO-GLOSSUS,  from  mylo,, and yXmeaa.,
'the tongue.'  Winslow has given  this name to
muscular  fibres, which  pass  from  the  posterior
part of the myloid line of the lower jaw, and
from  the sides  of the  base of the  tongue  to the
parietes of the  pharynx.  These fibres belong to
the constrictor superior pharyngis.
   MYLO-HYOID LINE, see Mylo-hyoideus.
   Mylo-Hyoid Furrow or Groove.  A furrow
which passes from the  superior orifice of the in-
ferior dental canal of the lower jaw in the same
direction as the canal, and lodges the mylo-hyoid
nerve, a branch of the inferior-dental.
   Mylo-Hyoid Nerve, see Mylo-hyoid furrow.
   MYLO-HYOIDEUS, from mylo,  and 'vottSrn,
'the os hyoides.'  31ylt.o'dee,  (F.) 31jilo-hyoidien. 
MYLO-PnARYNGEUS        616     MYRICA  ASPLENIFOLIA
The Mylo-pharyngeiia of Morgagni and Snntorini.
This muscle is situate at the upper and anterior
Dart  of the neck, behind  the lower  jaw.  It  is
broad, flat, and has  the form of a  truncated tri-
angle.   It arises from the internal  oblique, inter-
nal maxillary or mylo-hyoid line of the lower jaw
bone, and is inserted at tbe fore part of the body
of the os hyoides! Its innermost fibres unite with
those of the opposite side to form a raphe on the
median line.   The  mylo-hyoideus raises the os
hyoides and carries  it forward, or it depresses the
lower jaw.
  MYLO-1'HARYNGEUS,  Constrictor pharyn-
gis, Mvlo-hyoideus.
  MYLUODES, Mylo-hyoideus.
  MYO. in composition, from  pvoiv,  'a muscle.'
Appertaining or relating to a muscle.
  MYOCARDITIS. Carditis.
  MYOCEPHALI'TIS, 3Iyltie cephalica; from
myo, KtifiaXri, 'head,' and »fi»,  denoting inflamma-
tion.   Inflammation of the muscles of the head.
  MYOCEPHALON. Staphyloma.
  MY0CC3LIAL'GIA, from myo,  eotXta, 'abdo-
men,' and aXytw, 'I suffer.'  Pain in  the muscles
of the abdomen.
  MYOC(ELI'TIS,   Myocoelii'tie,  Inflamma'tio
mueculo'rum  abdomina'lium,  from myo,  eoiXia,
'lower  belly,' and  tri'», denoting  inflammation.
Inflammation  of the muscles of the abdomen.
  MYODEOPSIA,  Metamorphopsia.
  MYO'DES,  from  myo, and  ttios,  'resemblance.'
Like unto muscle.   Muscular.
  MYODESOPIA,  Metamorphopsia.
  MYODESOPSIA, Metamorphopsia.
  MYODYNA'MIA, Vie muacula'rie; from myo,
apd  Swapts,  'power.'   The force  or power of a
muscle.
  MYODYNAMICS, see Muscular contraction.
  MYODYNAMIOMETER,  Dynamometer.
  MYODYNAMOMETER, Dynamometer.
  MYODYX'IA, from myo, and  oSwr/, 'pain.'
Pain  in the  muscles,—rheumatismal or other.
Rheumatism.
  Myodynia Inflammatoria, Myositis.
   MYOG'RAPHY, 3Iyogra'phia, from myo, and
ypaiptiv, 'to describe.'  An anatomical description
of the muscles.
   MYOID,  3Iyo'i'dee, from  pvs,  'muscle,' and
tiios,  'resemblance.'   An  epithet given  to tu-
mours composed of fibre cells or muscular fibres
of organic life.
   MYOLEM'MA, Myole'ma, from myo, and Xtppa,
'a coat.'  The membranous tube of each muscu-
lar fibre.  It  has also the same signification as
Sareolemma.
   MY'OLINE, from uvuiv, 'a muscle.'  A  name
given  by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to  a  transparent
substance that fills  the cells, which, he-conceives,
bv their juxtaposition form the ultimate muscular
fibril.
   MYOL'OGY, 31yolog"ia, Sarcolog'ia,  3Iyaiol-
og"ia, from myo, and  Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  That
part of anatomy which treats of the muscles.
   MYOX.  Muscle.
   MYONARCO'SIS, from myo, and vapxn, 'stu-
por.'  Numbness of the muscles.
   MYONITIS. Myositis.
   MYON'OSUS, 3tyonu'ene,  31yopathi'a, from
myo,  and  voaos, ' disease.'   A disease  of the
muscles.
   MYOPALMUS, Subsultus tendinum.
   MYOPARALYSIS, see Paralysis.
   MYOPATHIA. Myonosus.
   MYOPE, Myops.
   MYOPHO'NIA,  from myo, and ^wi/17, 'voice.'
The sound of muscular contraction, — as that of
Ihe ventricles of the heart, during the systole of
•hat org;an.
   MYO'PIA,  Myopi'aeie, Luecioe'itae,  31yo'eie,
'!  Parop'sie  propin'qua,  Antblyo'pia  dissito rum,
1  Dyso'pia dieaito'rum, Dyepho'tio, Vi-tta ju'venum,
1  from  pvio, 'I close,' or from  pvs, 'a mouse,' and
  iotp, 'the eye;' 3ly'opy, Short-aightedneaa, Near-
  sightedness, 3louae-8ight, Purblindneae,  (¥.) Vne
|  cottrte,  V. baeee.   Persons who  can  only  see
i  objects  very near.  The defect  is owing to  the
I  too great  convexity of the eye, or too great den-
  sity of the humours, and is palliated by wearing
|  concave glasses.
   MYOP'IC, 31yop'irus;  same  etymon.  Short-
  eighted, Poreblind, Purblind, Spurblind.  Relating
  or appertaining tofltovopia.
   MYOPODIORTHO'TICON, from pvuitfi, 'one
  that  is short-sighted,' and itop&urtKov,  'having
  power to correct.'   An apparatus for the cure  of
  short-sightedness.—A. A. Berthold.
   MYOPS, Lucio'eue,  3Iyo'pue, My'ope.   Same
  etymon.  One  affected with myopia  or short-
  sightedness.
   MYOPY, Myopia.
   MYORRHEX'IS, from  myo,  and pnfa, 'rup-
  ture.'  Rupture of  a muscle.
   MYOSARCOMA, from uvwv,  'a muscle,' and
  aarcoma.  A sarcomatous tumour in which muscu-
  lar fibres are found.
   MYO'SIS, from  pvu, 'I close.'  Microcoria.
  Smallness  of the  pupil.   Phthi'ais pitpilla'ri8.
  Permanent ^contraction of the pupil.  It is usually
  caused by iritis, and is extremely difficult to cure.
  When it exists to such an extent as  to obliterate
  the pupil, it is  called Synizeeie.  Also, Myopia.
   MYO SITE, Myositis.
   MYOSIT'IC, 31yoait'icue, from 3Iyoaia. Causing
  contraction of  tbe pupil,—as opium.—Pereira.
   MYOSI'TIS, Myi'tia, 3Iyeltie, 3Iyoni'tia, Sar-
  ci'tie, Rhetimatis'mue phlegmono'dee, 3Iyodyn'ia
  inflammato'ria, Phlegma'eia myo'ica, Infiammatio
  seu  Phleg'mone 3Iueculo'rum, (¥.) 31yoaite,  In-
  flammation dee muscles, from pvuv, 'a  muscle.
  A name proposed by Sagar for  inflammation  of
  the muscles.   Also, Rheumatism.
   MYOSOTIS, Hieracium pilosella, Rheumatism,
  Rheumatism, acute.
   MYOSPASMUS, Cramp.
   MYOTILITY, Myotil'itae, (¥.) Myotility from
  pvwv,  'a  muscle.'   Muscular  contractility, —
  Chaussier.
   MYOT'OMY, Myotom'ia, from myo, and rtpvttv,
  'to cut.'   The part of practical  anatomy  which
  treats of tbe  dissection of  the  muscles.  Also,
  the surgical.operation of the division of muscles
  to remove deformity.
   MYOTYRBE,  Chorea.
   MYRAC'OPUM, from pvpov,  'an ointment,' a,
  'privative,' and  koto?,  'fatigue.'  An  ointment
  used by the ancients in cases of fatigue.
    MYREPSUS, Unguentarius.
    MYR'IAGRAMME, from pvpta, '10,000,'and
  ypappa,  'gramme.' A weight  equal  to 10,000
  grammes,  or  to  26  poumls, 9 ounces, and 6
  drachms Troy.

    MYRIAMETRE.  A measure  of  10,000 me-
 I tres; equal to 16  miles, I furlong, 156 yards, and
  14 inches.
    MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA,  Comptonia  as-
  plenifolia—m. Cerifera, see Cera flava et alba,
  and Wax, myrtle.
    Myri'ca Gale, M. palus'tris, 3Iyrtus Braban'-
  tica  seu  Ang'lica, 3Iyrtifo'lia  Belgica, Gale,
  Gagel,  Rhue eylvee'trie, Ac'aron,  Elatag'nva,  E.
 | Cordo,  Chamalmag'nita, Dodonte'a, Dutch myrtle,
 i Sweet gale,  Sweet  willow,  Candleberry myrtle,
 I (Sc.) Scotch gale, (¥.) Piment Royal, ThS de  Si-
  mon Pauli, Gale odorant.   Ord.  Myricacese. Sex.
 j Syat. Dicecia  Tetrandria.  The  leaves, flowers]
 ! and  seeds have a  strong, fragrant  smell, and n
1  bitter taste.  They are used for destroying moths 
MYRINGA                617              MYRTODES
 and cutaneous insects.  The infusion is given in-
 ternally as a stomachic and vermifuge.
   Myrica Palustris, M. Gale.
   MYRINOA, see Tympanum.
   MYRINGI'TIS, Inflamma'tio tym'pani,  from
 3Iyringa, 'the membrana tympani;' and itie, de-
 noting inflammation.  Inflammation of the mem-
 brana tympani; and, also, of the tympanum.
   MYRINX, see Tympanum.
   MYRIS, pvpts,  3Iyrothe'ee,  Narthe'cia,  Nar-
 the'cium, Narthex, from pvpov, ' a perfumed oil or
 ointment.'  A perfumed oil jar or ointment box.
   MYRIS'TICA, M.  Moacha'ta seu  aromalica
 seu officina'lie seu fragrans, Comacon.  Nat. Ord.
 Myristiceae.   The tree which produces the nut-
 meg and mace.   (F.) 3tuacadier.  The  Nutmeg,
 Myrietica, (Ph. U. S.) 3tyria'ticm seu  3Iyria'tica
 moacha'tce ntlcleiia, Nux moscha'ta seu  unguenta'-
 ria,  Nucie'ta, Nnx  myrie'tica  seu aromalica,
 Chryeobalanue  Gale'ni,  Unguenta'ria,  Aa'aola,
 (¥.) 3Iu8cade, is  the  seed or kernel.   It has a
 fragrant, aromatic odour; an agreeable  pungent
 taste, and is much used  for culinary purposes.
 Alcohol extracts  its active matter.  It has the
 properties of aromatics in general; being stimu-
 lant and stomachic.  The oil—O'leum  myrie'tica
 sen nuciat'ce cether'eum — possesses  the virtues of
 the nutmeg.  Dose of the nutmeg, gr. v. to Qj ;
 —of the oil gtt. iij to gtt. vj.
   3face, 3tacia, 31uces, Floree macia seu ma'cidoe,
 (¥.) Pleura de muacade, is the involucrum  of the
 fruit.  It  is membranous, with the  odour and
 taste of the  nutmeg, and is possessed  of similar
 qualities.  The  O'leum macia  seu  ma'cidie is a
 fragrant, sebaceous  substance,  expressed in the
 East Indies.  It  is only used externally.  It  is
 the Adepe myrie'tica, Myris'tica o'leum expresa'-
 um,  O'.leum  seu  Balaamnm nucie'ta,  Butter  of
 nutmege, Express'ed oil of 3Iace.
   MYRISTICA NUCLEUS, see Myristica mos-
 chata.
   MYRISTICATIO nEPATIS, Liver, nutmeg.
   MYRMECIA, Formica.
   MYRMECIASIS, Convulsio  cerealis, Formi-
 cation.
   MYRMECIASMUS, Convulsio cerealis,  For-
 mication.
   MYRMECISMUS, Convulsio cerealis, Formi-
 cation.
   MYRMECIZON, Formicant.
   MYRMECOSIS, Convulsio cerealis, Formica-
 tion.                                .
   MYRMEX, Formica.
   MYROBAL'ANUS, from pvpov, 'an  ointment,'
 and fiaXavos, 'a nut;' so called, because formerly
 used in ointment;  Angdoc'acoa, 3Tyro'bolan, Glana
 unguenta'ria, Palma  unguentario'riim.   A dried
 Indian fruit, of the plum kind, of different species
 of Termina'lia. Ord. Combretaceae.  Of this there
 are several varieties—the 31. Bellir'ica or Belliric
 myrobalan, Bellegu, Bellerigi, Belnileg:—tbe 31.
 cheb'ula or Chebnle myrob'alan ; the 31. cit'rina
 or  Yellow  myrobalan,  Ara'ra ; the 31. Em'blica
 or emblic myrobalan, and the M. In'dica, As'nar,
 Indian or Black myrobalan.  All the myrobalans
 have an unpleasant, bitterish, very austere taste:
 and strike an inky blackness with a solution of
 steel.   They are said to possess laxative as well
 as astringent properties.
   MYROLES, see Olea volatilia.
  MYRON, Myrum, Unguentum.
  MYBOPISSOCE'RON.   A topical application
in alopecia, referred  to by Galen ; from pvpov,
'ointment,' maaa, 'pitch.' and taipos, 'wax.'
  MYROP03US, Unguentarius.
  MYROPOLES, Apothecarv, Unguentarius.
  MYROSPERMUM FRUTESCENS, Myroxy-
lura Peruiferum—in.  Peruiferum, see Myroxylon
Peruiferum — m. of  Sonsonate, see Myroxylon
 Peruiferum—m. Toluiferum. see Toluifera Balsa-
 mum.
   MYROXYLON, see M. Peruiferum.
   Myrox'ylon   Peruip'erum,   31yro8perm'uin
 frutea'cena seu Peruiferum, Quinquino, from /uu-
' pov, 'an ointment,' and fvAoi>, wood;' Cabtirei'ba.
 Nat. Ord. Leguminosae.  Supposed to be the tree
 which  affords  the Peru'vian  balaam, Balsamum
 Peruvia'num (Ph. U. S.) seu Perna'nnm, I'ntzo-
 chill, 31yrox'yli Pernifieri balaamnm, 3Iyrox'ylon,
 Cabureiciba, Indian, Mexican, or American bal-
 aam, (¥.) Baume  de  PSrou ou dea Indea.   This
 balsam consists of benzoic acid, resin, and essen-
 tial oil. Its odour is fragrant and aromatic; taste
 hot and bitter: it  is soluble in alcohol, and mis-
 cible in water  by the aid  of mucilage.  It is
 stimulant and tonic, and considered to be expecto-
 rant : as such, it has been employed in paralysis,
 chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis and rheuma-
 tism, gleet, leucorrhoea, Ac, and  externally, for
 cleansing  and stimulating  foul indolent ulcers.
 Dose gtt. v to gtt. xxx.
    White Balsam  ofi Peru, Natural balsam, Bal-
 aamnm album, Styrax alba, Balaamelaon, is ob-
 tained  by  incision from 31yrospermum peruif-
 erum.
   The   Myroxylon of  Sonsonate   in  Central
 America—3Iyroapermnm Pereira of Dr. Royle,
 has been supposed to furnish balsam  of Peru.
   Myroxylon of Sonsonate. see M, Peruiferum
 —m. Toluiferum, Toluifera  Balsamum.
   MYRRHA,  Heb. T3 ; Bola. Stacte, Ergas'ma,
 3Iyrrh, Calo'nin,  Smyrna,  3Iyrrha  rubra, (¥.)
 3Iyrrhe.   The exudation, pvpov, of an unknown
 plant of Abyssinia or Arabia Felix, said to be the
 Balaamaden'droit myrrha.   This gum-resin has a
 fragrant,  peculiar odour;  and  bitter  aromatic
 taste.  It is in reddish-yellow, light, brittle, irre-
 gular tears; partially soluble in  distilled  water
 when aided by friction.  S. G. U360.  It is stimu-
 lant: and has been used in cachectic affections,
 humoral asthma,  chronic bronchitis, Ac.   Dose,
 gr. x. to 3j.
   Myrrha Imperfecta, Bdellium.
   MYRRHINE, Myrtus.
   MYRRHIS ANNUA, Athamanta Cretensis —
 m. Major, Chaerophyllum odoratum—m. Odorata,
 Chaerophvllum odoratutn.
   MYRSINA AFRICANA, Tatze.
   MYRSINE, Myrtus.
   MYRSINEL,E'ON, from  pvpatvn, 'the myrtle,'
 and tXatov, 'oil.'   Oil of myrtle.—Dioscorides.
   MYRSINI'TES, pvpatvirns.  Wine in  which
 branches of myrtle have been macerated.
   MYRTACANTHA, Ruscus.
   3IYRTE C03IMUN, Myrtus.
   MYRTID'ANON, pvpnSavov.  An excrescence,
 growing on the trunk of the myrtle, and used as
 an astringent. With Hippocrates, either the myr-
 tus caryophyllata  or myrtus pimenta. [?]  Also, a
 wine — Vinum  Myrtid'anum—made  from wild
 myrtle  berries.
   MYRTIFOLIA BELGICA, Myrica gale.
   MYR'TIFORM. 3Iyrtifiorm'is, Myrto'des, from
 myrtue, 'a myrtle,' and forma, 'shape.'  Having
 the shape of a leaf of myrtle.  A name given to
 a muscle (depressor ala?  nasi), to  the fossa inci-
 siva; and to certain caruncles, Ac.
   MYRTIFORMIS, Compressor naris, Depressor
 ala; nasi.
   MYRTI'TES, from pvprov, the  ' myrtle berry.'
 A name given to a medicine prepared with honey
 and myrtle berries.
   MYRTLE, Myrtus—m. Berry, Vaccinium myr-
 tillus—m. Candleberry,  Myrica gale—m. Dutch,
 Myrica  gale—m. Wild, Ruscus.
   MYRTOCHEILIDES, Nymphse.
   MYRTOCHILA. Nymphee.
   MYRTODES, Myrtiform. 
MYRTON
618
N.EVUS
  MYR TON, Clitoris.
  MYRTUS, Mur'tne  commu'nis seu communis
Hal'ica, pvpros, Myralne, 3Iyrrhlne, The 3Iyrtle,
(¥.) Myrte Commun. Ord. Myrtaceae.  The berries
of this plant have been  recommended in alvine
and uterine fluxes and other disorders of relaxa-
tion and debility.   They are moderately astrin-
gent and somewhat aromatic.
  Myrtus  Anglica, Myrica gale — m.  Braban-
tica, Myrica-gale.
  Myrtus  Caryophylla'ta, Oalyptran'thee ca-
ryophylla'ta, Cassia seu Canella caryophyllata,
(¥.) Capelet, Cannelle  girofiSe.  The  tree which
is considered to  afford the Clove bark; Cortex
caryophylla'tue seu caryophyllata. This bark is a
warm  aromatic;  resembling clove  with an ad-
mixture of cinnamon.   It may be used with the
bame views as cloves or cinnamon.
   Myrtus Caryophyllus, Eugenia  caryophyl-
lata—m- Leucodendron,  Melaleuca cajaputi.
   Myrtus  Pimen'ta,  Euge'nia Pimen'ta.  The
tree which  bears the Jamaica pepper, Pimen'ta
bucca. Pimento berriee, Pimento, Piper caryophyl-
la'tum sen  chia'pa seu odora'tum Jamaicense seu
Jn-itaicenae seu tabae'cnm, Coc'culi Indiaromat'ici,
Amo'mum pimenta,  Fructua pimenti,  Carive, Ca-
 -yophyllue America'nue seu Pimen'ta, Allepice,
 (¥.) Poivre de Jamaique, Toute Spice, Aa80iirou.
Tbe unripe berries—Pimenta  (Ph. U. S.)—have
an aromatic odour: resembling a mixture of cin-
namon, nutmeg, and cloves ; the taste is pungent,
but mixed, like the odour.   Like other peppers,
 this is stimulant  and  carminative.  The  oil —
 O'leum Pimen'ta — possesses  the virtues  of the
berries.   The  powdered fruit has been  called
 Quatre Spicee or  Four epicea.  Dose, gr. v. to ^ij.
   Aqua Pimen'ta, Pimento xratcr, is officinal in the
 London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Pharmacopoeias.
 It is carminative.  Dose, f^j or f ^ij.
    MYRUM, 31 yran, pvpov.  A perfumed  oil or
 ointment.  A liquid perfume. The spontaneously
 exuding juice  of many plants, especially of that
 from which myrrh is obtained.
  MYS, Muscle.
  MYSIOLOGIA, Myology.
  MYS IT IS, Myositis.
  MYSTAX, 3Iaatax, iivarat,, pvaraxos. The hair
growing on each side of the upper lip in men.
The  muetache  or  muetachio, (Old  Eng.)  31un
chat'oe, (F.) 3Iouatache.   Also, the upper lip.
  MYSTE'RION,  uvarnpiov, 'a  mystery.'  An
arcanum, nostrum, or secret preparation in gene-
ral.  Also, an antidote  referred to by Galen and  _
others.
  MYSTRON, pvarpov.  A Greek measure, which
held about three drachms.
  MYT'ILUS  EDU'LIS.   The  common  mussel,
(F.)  Moule.  A bivalve, the flesh  of which, when
at all in a state of decomposition, is  highly poi-
sonous.  When fresh, it is  an agreeable, but not
very digestible article of diet, producing, in some
persons,  all the symptoms of  urticaria.  One
affected with such phenomena is said, occasionally,
to be mils'eelled.
   MYU'RUS,  31eiu'rue.  A pulse is so  called
when it sinks progressively and becomes  smaller
and smaller  like a rat's  tail;  from  pvs, ' rat,
and ovpa, 'tail.'  Pulsus  myurue recip'rocue, a
pulse, which,  after  having become  gradually
weaker  resumes,  by  degreess, its former cha-
racter.
   MYXA*. Mucus, Sebestina.
   MYX^E, Mycteres.
   MYXIOSIS, Gonorrhoea impura.
   MYXODES, Mueiform.
   MYXOR'RHOOS, nv£oppoos, from  uvfa,  'mu-
 cus,' and  ptia, 'I flow.'  One  who is subject to
 mucous  discharge.   Applied to an infant, that
 discharges a considerable quantity of mucus and
 saliva.
   MYXOSARCO'MA,  from pv£a, 'mucus/ and
 trap£, aapxos, 'flesh.'  A tumour which  is i tuco-
 carueoue ; partly mucous and partly fleshy.
   MYXOTER, Nasus.
   MYZESIS, Sucking.
N.
  N.  This letter, in prescriptions, is an abridg-
ment of Nnmero, ' by number.'
  NAB'ALUS  ALBUS, Prenan'thee  alba  seu
eerpenta'ria,  White Lettuce, Lion's Foot, Rattle-
emtke'e 3taster, Rattleenake root, Gall ofi the Earth,
from vaUXa, 'a harp,' owing to the lyrate leaves.
An  indigenous plant,  of the order  Compositae,
which, with several other species of the genus, is
reputed to possess the power of curing the bites
of serpents.  The root has been used in dysentery.
  Nabalus Fraseri has similar properties.
  NABOT, Saccharum candidum.
  NABO'THI GLAN'DULA,  O'vula  seu  Ova
Nabothi seu Nabothia'na, Ova'rium Nabothi, Fol-
liculi rotnn'di  et oblon'gi,   Veeic'ula seu  Bulla
rotun'da cervlcie u'teri, V. eemina'lee mulie'rum,
Cor'pora seu Corpua'cula globo'ea, Glandula seu
Hydat'ides cervlcie uteri,  Glande of  Naboth,
Small, mucous  crypts or follicles situate in the
interstices of  the duplicatures of the lining mem-
brane of the cervix uteri.  Naboth, from noticing
them  in  a morbid condition, mistook  them  for
ova; and hence  they received  the name  Ovula
Nabothi.
  NACRA, Nakra, Naea.   A kind of influenza
(Muuiud in the East Indies.
  NACRE, Margaritaceous.
  NACREOUS. Margaritaceous.
  N./EYI, see Naevus—n. Pigmentary, see Naevus.
  NAEVUS, Plural Ncevi ; Navue mater'nue seu
Sigil'lum, Nota mater'na, Nemte, 31ac'ula matri-
cie seu mater'na seu matrica'lee, Nota infan'tum,
Lupue varico'eue, Stig'mata,  3Ietrocelides,  Con-
genita nota, 3Iother'e  or  Fancy marke, 3Iother'e
epote, (¥.) Envie, Tache de Naiesance.  Spots of
various kinds on the skin  of children when born,
which have been attributed to the influence of the
maternal imagination  on  the  fcetus  in  utero.
They are  of various appearances,  some much
better supplied with blood than others.  Some
are merely superficial or stain-like spots,  Pig-
men'tary navi;  others  are prominent,  Vatcular
tumoure,  and often  have  long,  irregular hairs
growing  from them.   These have  usually  been
called 3folee, Spili, fpilo'ma,  Epichro'eee epili,
Ac.   The red,  rosy, violet or bluish  spots are
called by I. G. St. Hilaire, Tachee Sanguinee; —
those of an intermediate hue, between the normal
colour and black, Tachee melaniennee.  See Te-
langiectasia.
  When  naevi are superficial, without any dispo-
sition to enlarge  or spread,  they  need  not be 
'NAFDA                 619     NAPLES, (CLIMATE OF)
meddled with: but all  those that partake of the
character of aneurism by anastomosis had better
be removed, where practicable.
  N.EVUS Sigillum,  Naevus.
  NAFDA,  Naphtha.
  NAIL, Sax. naesl, (G.) Nagel, Unguie, Onyx,
(¥.) Ongle.   A  whitish  transparent  substance,
similar to horn, which covers the dorsal extremity
of the fingers.   Three portions are distinguished
in it; the extremity, which is free, at the end of
the finger;—the body or middle portion adherent
by  its inner surface;  and the root,  Radix seu
3Iatrix  unguie, In'timum unguie, (¥.)  3Iatrice de
I'ongle.   The last presents two distinct parts; the
one, terminated  by a thin, serrated edge, is buried
in a  duplicature of  the skin, Vallec'ula unguis,
which acts the part of a naiI-follicle ; the other,
called Lu'nula  seu  Semilu'nula seu  Sele'ne seu
Arcus seu Exor'tua seu Anat'ole seu Albe'do un'-
guium, is whitish and  of a semilunar shape, and
is situate above  the part where the epidermis ter-
minates.  The  nails  are  composed of a horny
tissue, of the same  nature ns that which forms
the hoofs, horns, and scales  of different animals.
When the nail has been  torn  off, the papillaa of
the skin become covered by a soft, whitish lamina,
whose  consistence gradually augments.   New
laminae are then formed underneath, and give the
nail  the  thickness  it ought to possess.   The
corneous substance, being thus constantly pro-
 duced at the extremity of each of these laminae,
the whole of the nail is pushed forwards, and it
would- grow indefinitely, were it  not  cut or worn
by friction.
   The nails protect and support  the  extremities
 of the fingers  against the  impression of hard
 bodies.  They are, also, useful in laying hold of.
 small bodies; and dividing those that have but
 little consistence.
   NAIL-FOLLICLE, see Nail.
   NAIL  SPRING, Hangnail.
   NAIN. Nanus.
   NAISSANCE, see Parturition.
   NAKRA, Nacra.
   NANGNAIL, Hangnail.
   NANIS3IE,  see Nanus
   NANNARI,  Hemidesmus  Indicus.
   NANNYBERRY, Viburnum lentago.
   NANOCEPHALIA. see Nanocephalus.
   NANOCEPH'ALUS, from vavof, ' a dwarf,' an
 KtipaKv, ' head.'  One of a monstrous state—Nano-
 cepha'lia—in which the whole head or certain of
 its parts  are too small, whilst the trunk and ex-
 tremities are normal.
   NANOCORMIA, see Nanocormus.
   NANOCOR'MUS, from vavos, 'a  dwarf,'and
 eoppos, 'a trunk.' One of a monstrous condition
 —Nanocormia—in which the trunk  is too small,
 whilst the  head possesses its normal  size.
   NANOMELIA, see Nanomelus.
   NANOM'ELUS,  from vavos,  'a  dwarf,' and
 ptXos, 'a limb.'   One of a monstrous condition —
 Nanomelia—in  which some part of an extremity
 is  too small, and the whole limb  too short.
   NANOSO'MIA,  from  vavos.  'a  dwarf,'  and
 aiopa, ' body.'   Microeo'mia.  Dwarf'iehneee, (¥.)
 Naniame.  A state in which the entire body with
 all its parts is smaller than common.
   NANOSOMUS, Nanus.
   NANUS, vavos, Pumilio, Pu'milo,  Pueil'lue, 'a
 dwarf:'  Nanoso'mite, (Prov.)  Crttt,  Rope  Spin-
 nick, (Sc) Croil, Crok, Dearch, Derch, Droich,
  Wratack.  (Pu'mihie, Pumi'litte, ' dwarfish.') (F.)
 Nain.  One who is much below the usual stature.
 The term  is applicable to all organized beings
, from  man  to the vegetable.  Trees have their |
 dwarfs, as the human species have theirs.  Some
 curious authenticated instances of human dwarfs j
 are on  record.   Bebe, the dwarf  of Stanislaus,
i| king  of  Poland,  was 33  inches  (French) long,
 j and well proportioned.    The Polish nobleman,
 Borwlaski, who was  well made, clever, and  a
 good linguist, measured  28 Paris inches.  He had
 a  brother, 34 inches high,  and a sister 21.   A
 Friesland peasant,  at 26  years of age, had at-
 tained 29 Amsterdam inches.  C. H. Stb'berin,
 of Niirnberg, was under  three feet  high  at 20,
 yet he was well proportioned and possessed of
 talents.   General  Tom Thumb,  so  called,  was
 seen  by  the Author in 1847.  He  was said to be
 15 years old; measured 28 inchfes in height, and
 when weighed  at  the mint was found  to weigh
 20 pounds and 2  ounces.  Two  remarkable In-
 dian  dwarfs were exhibited in the United States
 and in Europe, about the middle of the 19th cen-
 tury, under  the name of 'Aztec children,' — the
 boy,  from 7 to  8 years of age, was 33f inches  in
 height, and weighed 20| pounds :—the girl, from
 4 to  6 years of age, was 29£  inches high,  and
 weighed  17  pounds.  They were very deficient
 in intellect.  See Pygmy.
    NAPE OF THE NECK, Nucha.
    NAPELLUS VERUS,  Aconitum napellus.
    NAPHiE FLORES, see Citrus  aurantium.
    NAPHTHA, Acetone.
    Naphtha, va<p$a, Nafida, Napta, Napta'lius,
  O'leum petra album; (P.) Naphte; from a Chal-
  daic  and Syriac  word signifying  bitumen.  A
  bituminous substance, found in Persia,  Calabria,
  Sicily, Ac.   It is  liquid, limpid, of a yellowish-
  white colour, a smell slightly resembling that of
  oil of turpentine, and lighter than water.  It re-
  sembles petroleum in its properties, and has beer
  chiefly used as  an external application ; although
  occasionally, as an  anthelmintic, and in inhala ■
  tion  in  phthisis pulmonalis.  Also, yEther.
    Naphtha Aceti, iEther aceticus—n. Coal Tar,
  Light,  see Anaesthetic—n. Sulphurica,  either
  sulphuricus — n. Vitrioli,  iEther sulphuricus — n.
  Vitrioli  camphorata, Tinctura aetherea campho-
  rata — n. Vitrioli martialis, Tinctura  seu Alcohol,
  sulphurico-aethereus ferri—n. Wood, Acetone.
    NAPH'THALINE, Naphthallna, Naph'thalin.
  When coal tar is subjected to  distillation, naph-
  thaline  passes over after coal naphtha.  It is a
  white,  shining, concrete, crystalline substance,
  fusible at 176° and boiling at 423°.  It is soluble
  in alcohol, ether,  naphtha and the oils, but inso-
  luble in water. It has been used as an excitant
  expectorant, in the  dose of 8 to  30 grains,  in
  emulsion or syrup, and  repeated.   It  has  also
  been used as an anthelmintic; and, when made
  into an  ointment, in psoriasis, lepra  vulgaris, Ac
     NA'PIFORM, Napiform'is, Bu'nioid, Bunio'i'-
  des, from napus, 'a turnip,' and forma, 'shape.'
   An epithet for a form of  scirrhous tumour whose
  cut  surface presents concentric lines resembling
  those seen in the interior of a turnip.
     NAPIUM, Lapsana, Sinapis.
     NAPLES, (CLIMATE OF.)   The climate  of
  Naples  in  its  general  characters resembles that
  of Nice, but it is  more changeable: thi sirocco
  too, which is little known in Nice, is severely felt
  at Naples.  It is not  a  good residence  for the
  phthisical invalid: Sir James Clark, indeed, con-
  siders it altogether unsuitable.
     Naples, Mineral Waters of.  In the Quarter
  Santa Lucia, near the coast, is a cold spring, rich
  in sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid.  It
  is much used as an aperient tonic, and in  cutane-
  ous  affections.
     Naples Water, Factitious, Aqua Neapoli-
  ta'na seu acid'ula hydrosulphura'ta, (¥.)  Eau de
  Naplee.   (Aciduloue water, containing four times
  its bulk of carbonic acid, |xv, and  Jiij'; hydro.
  sulphuretted water, Jix ;  carbonate  of eoda.  gr.
   viij ; carbonate of magnesia, gr. x. M.  Ph. P.) 
NAPTA                  620                 NASAL
   NAPTA, Nanus, Nata.
   NAPTALIUS, Nanus.
   NAPUS,  Sinapis — n.  Leuoosinapis, Sinapis
 alba—n. Sylvestris, Brassica napus.
   NAPY, Sinapis.
   NARCAPHTE, Thymiama.
i  NARCAPH'THON, Naacaph'thon.  The bark
• of an aromatic tree formerly brought from  India.
 By  some, supposed to be  that of the tree  which
 affords the olibanum.  It was used in fumigation,
 in diseases of the lungs.   See Lacaphthon.
   NARCE, Narcosis.
   NARCEMA, Narcosis.
   NARCESIS, Narcosis.
   NARCISSE D'AUTOMNE, Colchicum au-
 tumnale — n. Faux,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus
 — «. dee Free, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus — n.
 Sauvage, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
   NARCIS'SUS   PSEUDO-NARCIS'SUS,  N.
 feeta'lie seu glaucus seu  grandiflo'rue seu  hie-
 pan'icue seu major seu  serra'tua seu aylves'tria,
 Bulboco'dium, Paeudo-narcisaue, Daffodil, (Old |
 Eng.)  Aff'adil, Belle-Blome, (Prov.) Affrodile,
 Bellflower,  Butter and  Eggs,  Lent-rose.   Ord.
 Amaryllidaceae.  (¥.) Narcieee sauvage, Narcieee
 dee pris, Faux narciaae,  Porrillon, Aiault, Zou-
 tinette, Jeannette. The root is emetic and cathar-
 tic,  in the dose of Jij.  The flowers are antispas-
 modic   Dose, 24 grains.
   NARCODES, Narcotized,
   NARCO'SIS,  Nar'cotism,  Narce, Narca,
 Narce'ma,  Narce'eia, from  vapeou, ' I benumb.'
 Torpe'do, Torpor, Stupor, Stupefiac'tio.  The ag-
 gregate effects produced  by narcotic substances.
 At  times, narcotism is confined to a state of more
 or less profound stupor;  and constitutes, in cer-
 tain cases, a useful remedial condition ; at others,
 it is a true  poisoning, characterized by vertigo,
 nausea, a state of intoxication or apoplexy, con-
 stant delirium, convulsive motions, Ac  Emetics
 in strong doses, and not much diluted with wa-
 ter; purgatives and  glysters are the first  means
 to be used in this condition.   The  stupor may
 afterwards  be combated  by the use of exciting
 and stimulating drinks.
   Narcosis  Folliculo'rum.   A state  of the
 scalp, which  Mr. Erasmus Wilson  conceives to
 be dependent upon torpid action  of the hair fol-
 licles, and in which the  scalp and hair are found
 covered with a yellowish, dirty-looking powder,
 composed of an admixture of granular particles
 and furfuraceous  scales.
   NARCOSPAS'MUS, from vapKi,, 'stupor,' and
 mtaepos,  ' spasm.'  Stupor combined with spasm.
   NARCOTIA, Narcotine.
   NARCOTIC POISON, see Poison.
   NARCOTICO-ACRID, see Poison.
   NARCOT'ICS, Narcot'ica,  Carot'ica,  Obatu-
 pefacien'tia, Stupefiacien'tia, Stupefia'cients, (¥.)
 StttpSfactife,  StupSfiante.  Same  etymon.   Sub-
 stances, which have the property of stupefying;
 — as opium,  stramonium,  hyoscyamus,  bella-
 donna,  Ac.   They are  used'  in medicine  as
 soothing agents;  exerting their special influence
 on  the brain and tubular matter  of  the  spinal
 marrow.   In  small  doses,  as  a  general  rule,
 narcotics stimulate;  in  large, they act as seda-
 tives.  The following is a list of the chief narco-
 tics:— Aconitum, jEtherea,  Belladonna,  Cam-
 phora,  Cannabis, Conium,  Digitalis, Humulus,
 Hyoscyamus, Laetuearium, Opium and Morphia,
 fecramonii Folia, Stramonii Semina, Mental Nar-
 cotics, (Appropriate Music, Monotonous sounds,
 or any  succession of monotonous impressions.)
   NAR'COTINE, Narcotina, Narcot'ia, Narco-
 tin,  Anarcotlna, Opia'nttm ; same etymon: (F.)
 Sel  de  DSroane  ou  d'opium, Opiane,  Principe
 crystallizable de DSroane.   A solid, white, inodo-
 rous, and insipid substance; by some considered '.'.
to be alkaloid ; by others neuter;  crystallizable
in straight prisms with a rhomboidal base; fusi-
ble like the fats;  soluble in boiling alcohol and
ether, and scarcely soluble in water.  Narcotine
produces all the unpleasant effects of opium ; but,
at the same time, throws the animal into a state
of stupor.   It is not used in medicine, on account
of these objections.  The salts,  which are very
bitter, have been used successfully in India for
the cure of intermittents.
   NARCOTISM, Narcosis.
   NAR'COTIZED,  Tor'pidue,  Narco'dee.  Af-
fected with stupor, as from the use of a narcotic
   NARD,  CELTIC, Valeriana  Celtica —n. In-
dica, Nardus  Indica—n. Indien, Nardus Indica—
n. Indique, Nardus Indica—n. Petit, Aralia nudi-
caulis—n. Sauvage, Asarum.
   NARDOSTACHYS JATAMANSI, Nardus In-
dica—n. Patrinia, Nardus Indica.
   NARDUM GALLICUM, Valeriana Celtica.
   NARDUS  AMERICANUS, Aralia nudicaulis
—n. Celtica, Valeriana Celtica,—n.  Celtica altera,
Arnica montana—n. Montana, Asarum.
   Nardus In'dica, Spica nardi seu In'dica, An-
dropo'gon nardus  seu  eitriodo'rue,  Ord.  Grami-
neae [?], or Nardoe'tachya seu Valeria'na seu Pa-
trin'ia Jataman'ai, Valeria'na apica ; Order, Va-
lerianaceae : Indian nard, Spikenard.  The root
of  this  plant is  one of the  ingredients in  the
mithridate and theriaca.   It is moderately warm
and pungent, and has a flavour by  no means dis-
agreeable.  It is used by the Orientals as a spice:
— (F.) Nard Indien  ou  Indique.   An ointment
was formerly used, called  Unguen'tum nardi'num.
It was prepared  of  Nard, Malabathrum leavea,
Oil ofi worma, Coatua, Amomum,  3Iyrrh, Ac, and
was used as a detergent.
   Nardus Rustica,  Asarum.
   NARES,  Rhinea,  Cav'itae  seu  Cavum  seu
Ca'vea seu  Caver'na  na'rium,  Naeue  inter'nua,
Myrte'ree,  Na'rium  ad'itue,  Ocheteu'mata,  The
noetrile, (Prov.) Snirrele,  Snnrlee,  (¥.) Narinee.
Two elliptical apertures, situate beneath the nose,
and separated  from  each other by the  cartila-
ginous eeptum  seu colttm'na  nasi.   These  aper-
tures are  continually open, and  give passage to
the air we breathe, and to  the muCous fluids se-
creted in the  nasal fossae.
   Nares  Interna, Nasal fossae.
   Nares  Posterior,  Nares postre'ma,  Extre'-
ma narea, Oa'tia poaterio'ra seu  Choa'na  na'-
rium, Na'rium Ex'itus, (¥.) Arriires narines, Ou-
vertures postSrieurea dee foeees  naaalee, are  the
posterior apertures of  the nasal cavities, which
establish a communication between those cavities
and the pharynx.  They are bounded, above, by
the body  of  the  sphenoid bone;  below,  by  tbe
palate  bone, and  the base of the  velum  pendu-
lum; and, on the outside, by the internal  ala of
the pterygoid process.  They are separated from
each other by a septum, of which  the vomer is
the bony part.
   NARIFUSO'RIA, from nares,  'the nostrils,*
and fundere,  fusum,  'to  pour.'  Medicine  dropt
into the nostrils.
   NARINES, Nares.
   NARIUM  ADITUS, Nares—n.  Siccitas, Myc-

   NARROW CHEST, see Lordosis.
   NARTHECIA, Formulary, Myris.
   NARTHECIUM, Formulary,  Myris.
   NARTHEX, Formulary, Myris, Splint —n.
Asafcetida, see Asafoetida.
   NASA.  Nacra,  Nata.
   NASAL, Nasa'lis,  from nasus,  'the  nose.'
That which relates to the nose.
   Nasal Artery.  This is the largest of the two
branches in which the  ophthalmic artery termi-
nates.  It  issues from the orbit, above the tendon 
NASAL                 621            NASO-PALATINE
of the  orbicularis palpebrarum, passes above the
side of the root of the nose, and anastomoses with
the last extremity of the facial.  Haller gave'the
name  nasal to  the  spheno-palatine.   He also
called the dorsales nasi, furnished by the exter-
nal maxillary, Nasa'les latera'les.
  Nasal  Bones, Oaaa nasi seu naaa'lia, Ossic'-
ula nasi,  Ossa maxillce superio'ris quartet seu
qiiinta seu secun'da, (¥.)  Os  nasaux, Os propres
du  nez.  These  bones  are situate beneath the
nasal  notch  of  the os frontis, and  occupy the
space between the nasal or angular processes  of
the superior maxillary  bone.  Their  shape  is
nearly quadrilateral.  They have an  external  or
cutaneous surface, an internal  or nasal, and four
margins.  Each  is  articulated  with its  fellow,
with the os frontis, ethmoid, and superior maxil-
lary  bones.  They ossify from a single point.
  Nasal Car'tilage, Cartila'go  triangularis
Nasi.   A cartilage  formed  of three  portions,
which  unite at the dorsum nasi, and are distin-
guished into the cartilage ofi the eeptum,  and the
lateral cartilagee.  This  cartilage  is continuous,
above,  with the  ossa nasi,  and, inferiorly, with
membranous fibro-cartilages, which form  the sup-
ple and movable part of the  nostrils.  They are
two in number—the one before, the other behind.
   Nasal Duct,  Lachrymal t^ct — n. Eminence,
Mesophryon.
   Nasal Foss^!,  Cavi na'rium, Naree  inter'na.
Two large, anfractuous cavities, situate  between
the  orbits  below  tbe cranium,  and lined  by
the pituitary or Schneiderian  membrane.   These
cavities have no communication with each other;
but the various sinuses in the neighbouring bones
— the  ethmoidal, sphenoidal, superior maxillary,
Ac. — all communicate with them.  The general
cavity of each nostril is divided by the ossa spon-
giosa  into three meatue or paesagee, which run
from before backwards.   1. The Meatue narium
supe'rior, placed at the  upper, inner, and back
part of the superior spongy bone.   2. The 3Iea-
tue me'ditte, situate between the superior  and in-
ferior  spongy bones;  and 3.  The 3Ieatus infe'-
rior, situate between the  inferior  spongy  bone
and  the  bottom of the  nose.   The Schneide-
rian membrane receives  the first pair of nerves,
and  various branches  from the fifth pair.  The
arteries are furnished by the branches of the in-
ternal  maxillary,  known  under the names  of
spheno-palatine, infra-orbitar, superior  alveolar,
palatine, pterygo-palatine ; by the supra-orbitar,
and ethmoidal branches' of the ophthalmic artery;
by the internal carotid, superior labial, and dor-
sales nasi.  Its veins are little known, and gene-
rally follow the course of the arteries.  The lym-
phatics are  almost unknown.   The  nasal fossae
are the seat of smell; they aid, also, in respiration
and phonation.
   Nasal Meatus, see Nasal fossae.
   NASAL Mucus, 3Iucue  na'rium, Phlegma na'-
rium craeeum, Mucor seu Pitnlta seu Blenna seu
Lympha muculen'ta na'rium, Apomyx'ia, vulgarly
called  Snot, Snob, Snoth, (¥.) Morve, is the mucus
secreted by the Schneiderian membrane.
   Nasal Nerve, Naso-palpSbral (Ch.),  Naeo-
ocula'rie  (Sommering), Naso-cilia'rie.   One  of
the three branches  of the  ophthalmic nerve  of
Willis.  It enters the orbit by the sphenoidal fis-
sure, passes along  the inner paries of that cavity,
and  divides, opposite  the  internal and  anterior
orbitar foramen, into two  branches.  1. -The in-
ternal  and poeterior, which passes into the Fora-
men orbitarium internum anterius, enters the cra-
nium beneath  the duram'ater,  and passes  into the
nasal fossae, through an aperture at the side  of
the Criata galli.   It  afterwards divides into seve-
ral filaments:  one of them — the Naeo-lobar,  of
 Chaussier — is  very small, and descends on  the
 posterior surface  of the os nasi, and ramifies  on
 the integuments of the ala nasi.   A second ter-
 minates near the septum; others  descend  along
Ij the outer paries of the nasal fosses.   2. The other
i is external  and anterior, and is called the external
!' nasal nerve.  It is  distributed  to  the  outside of
 the orbit.   Before dividing, the nasal nerve com-
 municates  with  the  ophthalmic  ganglion, and
 gives off two  or  three ciliary nerves.   Sommer-
 ing has given  the  name  Poaterior Naeal Ncrres
!j to the lerves  which arise from the internal part
 of the spheno-palatine ganglion.
    Nasal   Notch,  (F.)  Echancrure  nasale.  A
 semicircular notch, situate  between  the  nasal
 prominence of the frontal bone, and articulated
 with the nasal  bones and the nasal processes of
 the superior maxillary bones.
    Nasal Process, Maxillary bone, superior.
    Nasal   Prom'inence,  (F.) Basse naeale.  A
 prominence, situate on the  median line, at the
 anterior surface of the os frontis, between the two
 superciliary arches.
    Nasal   Region,  Re'gio naea'He.  The region
 of the nose.               .
    Nasal Spines.   These are three in number.
    1. The Supe'rior nasal spine of the os frontis,
 occupying  the middle of its  nasal notch, and ar-
 ticulated   before  with the  nasal  bones, behind
 with the ethmoid.  2. The infe'rior and ante'rior
 naaal spine, situate at the inferior part of the an-
 terior  opening  of the nasal fossae.   It is formed
 by the two superior maxillary bones,- and 3. The
 infe'rior and poste'rior nasal spine, Epine guttu-
 rale (Ch.), a process, formed on the median line
 by the two palate bones at the posterior part of
 the palatine arch.
    NASALE, Errhine.
    NASALIS,  Compressor naris.
    Nasa'lis La'bii Superio'ris.   A small mus-
 cular slip,  which  runs up from the middle of the
 orbicularis and the lip to the tip of the nose.  It
 lies exactly in  the  furrow, and is  occasionally a
 levator of  the upper lip, or a depressor of the tip
 of the nose.
    NASAS, Nata.
    NASATUS, Membrosus.
    NAS'CALE.  A kind of pessary, made of wool,
 or cotton,  which  was formerly introduced into
 the  vagina, after  being  impregnated  with  oil,
 ointment, or some other proper medicament,
    NASCAPHTHON, Narcarphthon.
    NASDA, Nata.
    NASI, see Oryza.
    NASITAS,  Rhinophonia.
    NASITIS, Rhinitis—n. Postica, Anginanasans.
    NASO, Nasu'tus, from naaua, 'the nose.'   One
 who has a  long nose.  In  composition,  appertain-
 ing or relating to the nose.
    NASOCILIARY (Nervus), Nasal nerve.
    NASO-LA'BIAL, Naao-labia'lia; from  naso,
 and  labium, 'a lip.'  Relating to  the  nose and
 lip.
    Naso-Labial Line.  A line or  furrow, which
 separates the lip from the cheek, and commences-
 at the ala nasi.
    NASO-LABIA'LIS.   A  muscular  fasciculus
 described by Albinus, which  arises  from the  an-
 terior  extremity  of the septum nasi, and termi-
 nates in the orbicularis oris.
   NASO-PAL'ATINE, Naso-palati'nus.   That
 which  belongs to  the nose and velum palati.
   Naso-Palatine  Ganglion is  situate in  the
 foramen palatinum anterius.  Its  greater extre-
 mity  receives the  two  naso-palatine  branches. 
NASO-PALPE'BRAL        622
NAUSIOSIS
whilst  the  smaller gives off two or three fila-
ments, which  reach  the palatine vault, where
they ramify on the membrane of the same name,
anastomosing with filaments of the great palatine
nerve.
  Naso-Palatine Nerve, Nerve  of Cotun'nius,
is furnished by the spheno-palatine, which pro-
ceeds from the ganglion of Meckel.  It traverses
the vault of the nasal fossae, and proceeds upon
the septum between the two layers of  the pituitary
membrane.   It enters the anterior palatine, canal,
and terminates at the superior angles of the naso-
palatine ganglion, without attaining  the mouth.
  NASO-PALPEBRAL, Orbicularis palpebra-
rum.
  NASTA, Nata.
  NASTURTIUM AMPHIBIUM,  see  Sisym-
brium — n. Aquaticum, Cardamine pratensis, Si-
symbrium nasturtium—n. Bursa pastoris, Thlaspi
bursa—n. Hortense, Lepidium sativum—n. Indi-
cum, Tropaeolum  majus—n.  Officinale, Sisymbri-
um nasturtium—n. Palustre, see Sisymbrium—n.
Peruvianum, Tropaeolum  majus —  n. Pratense,
Cardamine  pratensis—n. Sativum, Lepidium sa-
tivum.
  NASUM DILATAtfS, Pyramidalis nasi.
  NAS US, Nose, Rhin,  Rhis,  Or'ganon  olfac-
tus seu odora'tue seu olfacto'rium, Promonto'-
rium  faciei,   31yxo'ter, Emnncto'rium cer'ebri,
Snout, (Sc.) Neie, Nea, (¥.) Nez.   The nose is  a
pyramidal  eminence,  situate above  the  anterior
apertures  of the  nasal  fossae, which  it covers;
and,  consequently,  occupying  the  middle and
upper part  of the face, between the forehead and
upper lip, the orbits and the cheeks.  Its lateral
surfaces form, by uniting angularly, a  more or
less prominent line,  called  Dorsum  seu  Rhachis
seu Spina Nasi, (F.) Dos du net.  This  line ter-
minates, anteriorly, by the lobe,—Lpb'tdus.  The
sides are called Ala Nasi,  Pinna  Narie, (¥.)
Ailes du  nez.  The columna is the  inferior part
of the partition.  Its apex or tip has been called
Glob'ulue naei.
  The chief varieties of the nose are the aq'uiline,
the flat nose, (¥.) Nez camarot ou SpatS,  and the
enub noae,(¥.) Nez retroueeS.   The nose is formed,
besides its bones, of fibro-cartilage, cartilage, mus-
cles, vessels, and nerves; and its use seems to be to
direct odours to the upper part of the nasal fossae.
  Nasus Internus, Nares.
  NASUTUS, Naso.
  NATA,  Natta, Nasa, Naeda,  Naeta, Naeae,
Napta.  A fleshy, indolent  excrescence, having
the shape of the nates.
  NATARON, Natron.
  NATA'TION, Nata'tio, from natare, natatum,
itself  from  nare, 'to  swim.'  Swimming.  The
action of swimming,  or of supporting one's self,
or  moving upon  the water.  Swimming resem-
bles the horizontal leap in its physiology — the
medium being water instead of air.  The differ-
ence between  the specific gravity of the human
body and that of  water is not great; so  that but
little exertion  is  required to keep a part  of the
body above water.  Swimming is a healthy gym-
nastic exercise,  combining   the  advantages  of
bathing.
  NATES, Ephed'rana, Sca'phia, Podex, Clunee,
Glutoi, Gluti,  Glu'tia,  Sedi'lia,  Pyge,  3Iona,
Bottom, Baekelde, Poete'riore, Buttocke,  (Prov.)
Tout, (Sc.)  Doup, Dotop, Dotp, Drodditm,  Httr-
diee, Lendie,  Ac, (F.) Feeeee.  Two round pro-
jections, at the inferior and posterior part of the
trunk, on which we sit.  Amongst  the mamma-
lia, man alone  has the nates prominent and round.
They are formed chiefly by the skin, and a thick
layer of areolar  tissue, which covers the three
glutaei muscles.
  Nates Cerebri, Quadrigemina corpora—n. et
Testes, Quadrigemina corpora.
  NATRIUM, Sodium.
  NATROCREN^E,  Natropegae.
  NATRON, Natrum, Nat'aron, Nitrum, Ana-
trum, Aphronitrum, from Natron'a. lake in Judaea.
A saline compound, very abundant in  Egypt,
which  is almost wholly formed  of subcatbonate
of soda.
  NATRONIUM, Sodium.
  NATROPE'GjE,   Natrocre'na,  from  natrtn,
and vvyij, ' a spring.'  Soda springs.
  NATRUM,  Natron — n. Chloratum  liquidum,
Liquor sodas chlorinatae — n. Muriaticum, Sodn,
muriate of—n. Muriatum, Soda, muriate of— n.
Praeparatum, Soda,  subcarbonate of—n. Tartari-
zatum, Soda, tartrate of—n. Vitriolatum, Sodn,
sulphate of—n. Nitricum, Soda, nitrate of—n.
Oxymuriaticum, Soda, chloride of—n.  Oxyphos-
phorodes, Soda, phosphate of—n. Sulphuricum,
Soda, sulphate of.
  NATTA, Nata.
  NATULJS, Quadrigemina tubercula.
  NATU'RA, from nasci, 'to be born or arise.'
Phyde.  Nature.   Also, the genital organs.
  Natu'ra Morbi.^ The essence or condition, of
a disease.
  NATURAL PARTS, Genital organs.
  NATURALIA, Genital organs.
  NA'TURISM,  Nat'uraliem.   A view  which
attributes every thing to  nature, as a  sage, pre-
scient, and sanative entity. — Nysten.   See  Ex-
pectation.
  NA'TURIST.  A physician who scrupulously
investigates, interprets, and  follows the indica-
tions presented by  nature in  the treatment of
disease.
  NAU'CLEA GAMBIR, Unca'ria gambir.  A
plant of the Nat.  Order,  Rubiaceae,  native of
the Malayan Peninsula and Indian Archipelago,
which yields  large quantities  of the  kind of
Catechu known by  the  names  Terra  Japon'iea
and Square Catechu, and which, in Indian com-
merce, is  called  Gambler or  Gambir.  It  is  a
powerful astringent, much used in tanning, and
in  medicine.  See Catechu.
   NAU'SEA,  Nau'eia,  Nauei'aeie,  Naneio'eie,
Nau'tia, Queae'ineee, Squeae'inees, (F.) NausSe,
Envie de vomir; from  vavs,  navie, 'a ship;' be-
 cause  those  unaccustomed to  sailing  are so af-
 fected.   Sickness.   Inclination to vomit
   Nausea, Kreat'ic, (eptas, xptaros, 'flesh.') The
 sickness and vomiting, excited, in some nervous
 patients, By the smallest portion of animal food.
   Nausea Mari'na, 3Iorbue nau'ticue, Vom'itue
 navigan'tium seu mari'nue, Sea-eickneee, (¥.) Mal
 de  mer.  The sickness, vomiting, Ac, experienced
 at  sea by those unaccustomed to a sea-life; and
 from which those who  are accustomed are  not
 always exempt.  It  generally ceases  when  the
 person becomes habituated to the motion of the
 vessel, and not till then.
   NAUSEABOND, Nauseant
   NAU'SEANT,  Nau'eeane, (F.) Nauetabond,
 NausSeux.  An agent that excites nausea, which
 is  a state of diminished action.  Nauseants are,
 hence, valuable remedies in diseases  of excite-
 ment.
   NAUSIA, Nausea.
   NAUSIASIS, Nausea.
   NAUSIO'SIS.  This word, besides being sy-
 nonymous with nausea, has been used  to express
' the state of venous hemorrhage, when blood ia
| discharged by jets. 
NAUTIA
623
NEEDLE
  NAUTIA, Nausea.
  NAVEL, Umbilicus—n. String, Funiculus um-
bilicalis—n. Wort, Cotyledon umbilicus—n. Wort,
Venus's,  Cotyledon umbilicus.
  NAVET, Brassica rapa—n. du Diable, Bryo-
nia alba—n. Galant, Bryonia alba.
  NAVETTE, Brassica rapa.
  NAVICULAR, Navicula'rie, Navifor'mie, (¥.)
Naviculaire, from navicula, 'a little ship.'
  Navic'ular Fossa, Fossa  Navicula'rie  seu
•Scaphoi'dee, Navic'ula, Scaph'ula. See Scaphoid.
This name has been given, 1. To a small depres-
sion between the entrance of the vagina and the
posterior commissure of the labia major or  four-
chette.   2. To a perceptible dilatation, presented
by  the  urethra in  man, near  the  base  of the
glans.  3.  To the  superficial  depression whioh
separates the two roots of the helix.   This is also
called Scapha.
  NAVICULARE OS, Scaphoides os.
  NAVIFORMIS, Navicular.
  NAVIS, Vulva.
  NEAR-SIGHTEDNESS, Myopia.
  NEARTHRO'SIS, from  vtos, 'young or new,'
♦rd apSpov, 'a joint.'  A new joint.
  NEBLE, Nipple.
  NEB'ULA, Nubee,  Nubec'ula, Nephoe, vttptXn,
Neph'eie, Nephe'lion, Vieusnebulo'eue, (¥.) Nuage,
Ombrage.  A slight speck on the cornea.  A mist
or cloud  suspended in the urine.  See Caligo.
  NEBULOUS, Nepheloid.
  NECESSARY, Necessa'rius, (ne, and ceeeare.)
The Necessaries ofi Life, Vita necessitates, (¥.)
Besoiii8 de la vie, include  every thing requisite
for the maintenance of life, and particularly  food.
  NECK, Collum—n. Derbyshire, Bronchocele.
  Neck  of the Foot, Instep.
  Neck, Swelled, Bronchocele—n. Stiff, Torti-
collis—n. Wry, Torticollis.
  NECKLACE, AN'ODYNE, (F.) Collier anodin.
These are  formed of the roots  of hyoscyamus,
Job's tears, allspice  steeped in  brandy,  or the
seeds of  the wild liquorice vine, to suit the fancy
of the prescriber.  They are employed to facili-
tate dentition  in children, and to procure sleep in
fever. (!)
  NECKWEED, Veronica  beccabunga, V. pere-
grina.
  NECR.35'MIA, from vticpos, 'death,' and 'aipa,
' blood.'  Death of the blood.  Death beginning
with the  blood.
  NECRENCEPHALUS, Mollities cerebri.
  NECROCEDIA, Embalming.
  NECROCOMIUM, 3Iorgue.
  NECRODES, Cadaverous.
  NECRODOCHIUM, 3lorgue.
  NECROLOGY, BILLS OF, Mortality, bills of.
  NECROMANCY, Necromanti'a, Negromantla,
Neeyomanti'a, Nigromanti'a, from vtepos, 'death,'
and pavrtta,  'divination.'   Divination  by  the

  NECROMANTIA, Necromancy.
  NECRON, Cadaver.
  NECRONARCEMA, Rigor mortis.
  NECROPHOB'IA,  from  vtepos, 'death,' and
tj>o&os, 'fear.'   Exaggerated fear of death.   This
symptom occurs in  patients where the disease is
not mortal; as in hypochondriasis.  In fevers, it
is not a good  symptom.
  NECROPNEUMO'NIA,  Pneumo'nia gangra-
no'ea seu typho'sa,  Gangra'na  seu  Mortifica'tio
Beu Anthrax seu Carbiin'cnlua Pulmo'num, Pneu-
tnoeep'aia, Pneumoc'ace,'(¥.) Gangrene  du Pon-
non,  PneumonScrosie, — Piorry;  from  vtKpos,
' death,' and pneumonia.  Gangrenous inflamma-
tion of the lungs.  This may be diffused or cir-
cumscribed.  The only pathognomonic symptom
is the extraordinary and  repulsive  odour of the
breath and  expectoration.  The  treatment con-
sists in the use of the chlorides internally, or of
chlorine  by inhalation;  allaying  irritation  by
opium, and supporting the patient by wine-whey,
and nourishing diet.
  NECROPSIA, Autopsia caaaverica.
  NECROPSY, Autopsia cadaverica.
  NECROSCOPIA, Autopsia cadaverica.
  NECROSCOPY, Autopsia cadaverica.
  NECROSED, see Necrosis.
  NECROSEMEIOT'ICE, from  vtepos, 'death,'
and enpetov, 'a sign.'  The doctrine of the signa
of death.
  NECRO'SIS, from vtepota, ' I kill.'  Mortifica-
tion.  State of a bone or of a portion of a bono
deprived of life.   Osteogangrm'na, Osteonecrosis.
The bone, in such case, is  said  to be necrosed.
Necrosis may take place without the surrounding
soft parts being  struck with gangrene.  It is to
the bones what gangrene  is to the soft parts.
The part of the bone affected  with necrosis be-
comes a foreign body, similar to  the gangrenous
eschar, and  its separation must be  accomplished
by the efforts of  nature, or by art.  When necro-
sis  occurs in the centre of long  bones, it never
extends to their articular extremities. The exte-
rior layers of bone form a canal round the dead
portion  or sequestrum; between these  swollen
layers and  the  sequestrum, suppuration  takea
place; the matter presses against  the bony canal;
perforates it, and is  discharged by apertures,
which become fistulous.
  In  the  treatment, the exit of  the sequestrum
must  be  facilitated  by  proper  incisions, by the
application of the trepan to the bone, Ac.
  Necrosis Cerealis, Ergotism — n. Dentium,
Dental gangrene — n. Ustilaginea, Ergotism.
  NECROSTOA, Morgue.
  NECROTOMY, Dissection.
  NEC'TANDRA  CINNAMOMOI'DES, Lanrne
cinnamomoi'dee,  Cinnamo'mum  sylvee'tre Ameri-
ca'num :  Order,  Lauraceae ; native  of New Gre-
nada, where it is called Cauda ; has the odour
and taste of cinnamon, and is used  as such.
  Nectandra Cymba'rum,  Ocote'a  cymba'rum
seu ama'ra, grows in Oronoko,  where it is called
Saee'afirae.  The bark is aromatic,  bitter, and
stomachic; and Von Martius thinks it is  an in-
gredient in the curare poison.
  Nectandra Puchury, see Pichurim  beans —
n. Rodiei, see Bebeeru.
  NECTAR, vterap, from vn, 'a particle of ne-
gation,' and «rrau, 'to kill.'  A pleasant liquor,
feigned by the poets to have been  the drink of
the gods, and to have  rendered  immortal those
who partook of  it.  A name given, by the an-
cients, to many drinks; and particularly to one
made with wine, evaporated, and  sweetened with
honey.
  NECTARIUM, Inula helenium.
  NECUSIA, see Wound.
  NECYOMANTIA, Necromancy.
  NEDYIA, Intestines.
  NEDYS, wnbis.  The belly, abdomen, stomach,
uterus.
  NEEDLE, Sax. neisl, naet>l, from  Teut. n e t e n,
'to sew.'  Acne, Belone, Raphie, Raph'ion, Ar.es'-
tra, (¥.) Aiguille.  A steel instrument, used in
many professions.  In Surgery, a steel, gold, sil-
ver, or platina instrument,  that  may be  round,
flat, or triangular, straight, or curved, supported
or not by a handle, but having always a point, by 
NEEDLE-BEARER          624              NEOPLASTY
means of which it penetrates the textures; and
often having, either near the point, or more com-
monly, near the other extremity, an aperture or
eye for the reception of a thread or tape, which
it introduces into  the parts.  The Aiguille & ap-
pareil of the French is the  ordinary sewing nee-
dle used in the making of bandages, Ac.
  Needle, A'cupuncture, (F.) Aiguille  d  Acu-
puncture.   An inflexible gold or silver needle;
conical, very delicate,  four inches long, furnished
with  a  handle,   and,  at  times, with a  canula
shorter  than it by about half an inch.  An ordi-
nary needle, waxed at the head, will answer as a
substitute for this.  See Acupuncture.
  Needle,  Cat'aract, Acue ophthalmica, (F.)
Aiguille d cataracte.   Needles of gold, silver, and
steel  have been  used;  the latter, alone, at the
present day.  The cataract needie is employed
to depress or tear the  crystalline when  opake.
This  needle is usually made from 15 to 24 lines
long; and is attached to a  fine handle.  The ex-
tremity may be, as in Scarpa's and Langenbeck's,
pointed, prismatic, triangular,  and  curved; in
Dupuytren's and Walther's, flat, curved,  and
sharp-edged;  in  Hey's, flat, with a semicircular
and  sharp end; or, as  in  Beer's, Siebold's,
Schmidt's,  Himly's,  Von  Grafe's, Ac,  straight
and spear-pointed.  A mark is generally placed
upon the handle  to inform  the  operator, — when
the instrument is engaged in the eye,—what side
corresponds to the crystalline.
   Needle for a Counter-Opening, Acue inva-
gina'ta, (F.) Aiguille d  Contre-ouverture ou e>i-
gaiitSe  ou  d gaine,—a long, narrow  instrument
of steel; the point of which is fine and sharp on
both  sides;—the  heel (talon) having an aperture
to  receive a thread,  tape, Ac, provided with  a
flat,  silver  sheath, shorter than  the blade, the
point of which it covers when passing through
parts that  have to be  respected.
   Needle, Deschamp's,  Paupe'e needle,  (¥.)
Aiguille de Deschamps, A. d manche, Ac, is the
last described needle, fixed to a handle.  The eye
is placed near the point.  It is employed in the
ligature of deep-seated arteries.
   Needle, Fis'tula, (F.)  Aiguille d Fistule.  A
long, flat, flexible, silver instrument; having an
 aperture near one extremity; blunt at the other.
 This was formerly used for passing a seton into
fistulous ulcers.   On one of its sides was a groove
for guiding a bistouri in case of necessity.
   Also, a long, steel instrument, terminated by a
point like that of a  trocar, which Desault em-
ployed  for penetrating the rectum, when operating
 for fistula  that had no internal aperture.
   Needle. Hare-Lip,  (F.) Aiguille d  Bee  de
 Lilvre.  A small, silver canula, to which  is at-
 tached  a spear-point, that can be readily with-
 drawn.  This needle, armed with the  point,  is
 introduced at one  side of the  fissure in the lip,
 and  through the other.   The twisted suture  is
 then applied, and the pin withdrawn.
   Needle, Lig'ature,  (F.) Aiguille d ligature.
 A long, steel  instrument, sharp towards  one ex-
 tremity, with an eye near the other, which was
 formerly used for suspending the circulation  of
 blood prior to amputation, by being passed through
 the limb, so as to include the principal artery and
 a part  of the muscles and integuments.
   Also, a steel instrument of various dimensions,
 round towards one of its extremities, which was
 straight, and furnished with an aperture; curved
 and flat towards  the opposite, which was  pointed,
 and had a slight  ridge on  its concave side.  At
 the  commencement  of the last  century, this
 instrument was  used to  pass ligatures  around
 vessels.
   Also, a steel instrument  of various dimensions,
flat, regularly curved in the form of a semicircle,
with a sharp or lance point, and a long eye, used
with advantage in place of the last.
  Needle, Paupe's, Needle, Deschamp's.
  Needle, Seton, (F.) Aiguille d SSton. A long,
narrow, steel  blade;  pointed  and sharp at one
extremity; pierced  at  the other by an aperture.
The Aiguille d contre-ouverture may be used  for
the same purpose.
  Needle, Suture, (F.) Aiguille d Suture.  For
the twisted suture,  the hare-lip needle is used ;
for tbe others, the straight or curved needle :  the
straight needle is preferable for stitching up  tbe
abdomen, Ac,  in dissection.  In the suture of
the tendons, a curved needle has been used:  flat
on both  sides,  and cutting  only at  the concave
edge, in order that the instrument may pass  be-
tween the tendinous fibres without dividing them.
  NEEDLE-BEARER, Porte-aiguille.
  NEEDLE-CARRIER, Porte-aiguille.
  NEEM BARK, see  Melia azedarach.
  NE^ESING, Sneezing.
  NEFLE, Mespilus (the fruit).
  NEFLIER, Mespilus.
  NEFREN'DES,  properly,  'sucking pigs.' —
Varro.  Nodoi, Eden'tttli (vn, privative, and obovs,
oSovros,  'a tooth.')   Persons  devoid  of teeth.
Young children, for instance,  who have  not  cut
them; or  aged persons*, who have lost them.
This state is called Nefrendie, Nodo'eia, Odon'tia
eden'tula.
  NEGOTIUM PARTURITIONIS, Parturition.
  NEGRE BLANC, Albino.
  NEGRETIA PRURIENS, Dolichos pruriens.
  NEGRO, Ni'grita,   (¥.)  Negre.   One  of  the
Ethiopian race.  See Homo and Mulatto.
  NEGROMANTIA, Necromancy.
  NELERA, Abdomen.
  NEIGE, Snow.
  NEIR, Kidney.
  NEIRA, Abdomen.
  NEIS, Nasus.
  NELUM'BIUM  LU'TEUM, Yellow ne'lumbo,
 Yellow water lily, Pond lily, Water ehield, Water
mite, Water chin'capin, Rattle nut, Sacred bean.
A beautiful water  plant, common in the United
 States,  and belonging  to Nat.  Ord.  Nymphaceae ;
 Sex.  Syst. Polyandria Polygynia.  The leaves
 are  cooling and emollient when applied to the
 surface.  The  roots, leaves, and  nuts  are eaten.
 The  last are  called by the Indians and others
 water chincapine.
   NELUMBO, YELLOW, Nelumbium luteum.
   NENDO, Angelica lucida.
   NENNDORF,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF.
 Nenndorf is a village three and a  half German
 miles from Hanover.  Its cold  sulphureous spring
 is much celebrated.
   NENUPHAR, Nymphaea  alba — n. Blanc,
 Nymphaea alba — n. Jaune, Nymphaea lutea — n.
 Lutea, Nymphaea lutea — n. Odorant, Nymphaea
 odorata.
   NEOARTHROSIS, from veos,  'new,' and ap.
 dpov, 'a joint.'  A new joint;  an artificial joint.
   NEOG'ALA, from vtos, 'new,' and yaXa, 'milk.'
 Milk secreted immediately after  the  colostrum.
 Also, the colostrum.
   NEOGENES, Nouveau-ni.
   NEOGILUS, Nonveau-nS.
   NEOGNUS, Nouveau-nS.
   NEOGONUS, Nouveau-nS.
   NEO-MEMBRANE, see Membrane, false.
   NEONATUS, Noiiveau-ne.
   NE'OPLASTY,  Neoplas'tice, from vtos, 'new,' 
NEOSCYTECHUS          625              NEPHROID
and irXaaao), irXarru, ' I form.'  An operative pro-
cess for the formation of new parts.  It includes
autoplasty, cicatrization of wounds, and the  for-
mation of adhesions.—Burdach.
  NEOSCYTECHUS,  see  Craquement de Cuir
ntuf.
  NEOTOCICTERUS, Icterus infantum.
  NEOTTIA, Goodyera pubescens.
  NEP, Nepeta.
  NEPEN'THA DESTILLATO'RIA, Bandu'ra.
A Ceylonese plant, the root of which is astringent.
  NEPEN'THES, from vn, negative particle, and
revSos, ' grief.'  A remedy much extolled  by the
ancients against sadness and melancholy.
  The women of Thebes, according to Diodorus
Siceliotes, alone possessed the secret of its com-
position ;  and, according to  Homer, Helen intro-
duced it from Egypt.  Some suppose it to have
been  opium.
  Nepenthes, Bangue—n. Opiatum, Pilulae opi-
ates.
  NEP'ETA, N. Cata'ria seu vulga'rie, Cata'ria
vttlga'rie, Herba felis, Nep,  Catnep, Catmint, (¥.)
Herbe aux Chate,  Cataire, — so  called, because
cats are fond  of it.  Ord. Labiatae.  The  leaves,
 Cata'ria,  (Ph. U. S.), have a smell and taste like
those of an admixture of spearmint and  penny-
royal.  It has been recommended in uterine dis-
orders, dyspepsia, flatulency, Ac, like  penny-
royal; and is much used in domestic medicine,
on  the American  continent, in flatulencies, Ac,
 of children.
  Nepeta  Agrestis, Melissa nepeta—n.  Gle-
choma, Glechoma  hederacea — n. Vulgaris, Ne-
 peta.
   NEPHALIOTES, Temperance.
   NEPHELE, Enaeorema, Nebula.
   NEPHELION, Nebula.
   NEPH'ELOID,  Nepheldi'dee, Nephelo'dee,
 Neb'uloue, Nubilo'eue.  From vttptXn,  'a  cloud,'
 and'tiios, 'resemblance'  An epithet applied to
 urine when it is cloudy—Uri'na nephelo'dee.
   NEPHOS,  Nebula.
   NEPHR.EMORRHAGIA, see  Haematuria.
   NEPHRAL'GIA, Dolor Nephret'icue, Neural-
 gia Renum, (¥.) NSvralgie dee Reine, DysnSphro-
 nervie, from vtippos, ' a kidney,' and aXyos,  ' pain.'
 Pain and neuralgia in the kidney.
   Nephralgia Arenosa, see Gravel—n. Calcu-
 losa, see Gravel—n. Rheumatica, Lumbago.
   NEPHRANURIA, Ichuria renalis.
   NEPHRAPOS'TASIS, Nephropyo'eie, Abecee'-
 eus rena'lie, from vttppos, ' kidney,' and anooraois,
 'abscess.'  Renal abscess.
   NEPHRATON'IA, from  vtitpos, 'kidney,'and
 •trovta, ' want of tone.'  Renum  aton'ia seu pa-
 rol y eie.  Atony of the kidney.
   NEPHRAUX'E, from vttppos,  ' a kidney,' and
 avfw, 'to increase.'  Enlargement of the kidney.
   NEPHRELCO'SIS, Nephropyo'eie,  Helco'eie
 rena'lie, from vttppos,  'kidney,' and 'tXicwcts, 'ul-
 ceration.'   Ulceration of the kidney.
   NEPHRELMIN'TIC,  Nephrelmin'ticue,  from
 vttppos, 'a kidney,'and 'tXptvs, 'tXptvOos, 'a worm.'
 That which is owing to the  presence of worms in
 the kidney,
   NEPHREMPHRAX'IS,  from vttppos,  'a kid-
 ney,' and tpippaaata, 'I obstruct.'  A  name given
by Ploucquetto obstruction of the kidneys.
   NEPHRET'IC,  Nephrid'iue,  Nephrit'ic, Ne-
 phrit'icue, from vttppos, 'a kidney.'  That which
relates to the kidney.   Applied, especially, to
pain, Ac, seated in the kidney.
  NEPHRET'ICUM, in Materia Medica, means ,
        40
i| a medicine employed for the cure ol diseases nf
 , the kidney.
   Nephreticum Lignum, Guilandina moringa.
   NEPHRET'ICUS  LAPIS,  Talcum nephrit'-
 icum, (¥.) Pierre nSphrStique, Jade nSphrite ou
 oriental.  A  green, fatty kind  of  stone, — once
 used as an amulet against  epilepsy,— an absurd
 name, as there can be no such remedy.
   NEPHRIA, Kidney, Bright's disease of the.
   NEPHRID'ION,  Pingue'do  rena'lie.    From
 vttppos,  'the  kidney.'  The fat which surrounds
 the kidneys.—Hippocrates.
    NEPHRIDIUM, Capsule, renal.
    NEPHRIDIUS, Nephrotic.
    NEPHRINE, Oxyd, cystic, Urea.
    NEPHRITE, Nephritis—n. Albumineuee, Kid-
  ney, Bright's disease of the.
    NEPHRITES, Asphaltites.
    NEPHRITIC, Nephrotic
    NEPHRITICUM LIGNUM, Guilandina mo-
  ringa.
    NEPHRITIS, Asphaltites.
    Nephri'tis, Emprea'ma Nephritie, from vttppos,
  'kidney,' and  trYs, 'denoting inflammation ;' Re-
  num inflamma'tio, Nephro-phleg'mone, — Inflam-
  mation of the Kidney, {¥.) Nephrite, Inflammation
  dee Reina, is characterized by acute pain ;  burn-
  ing heat, and a sensation of weight in the region
  of one or both kidneys; suppression or  diminu-
  tion of urine: fever;  dysuria;  ischuria; consti-
  pation, more or less obstinate;  retraction of the
  testicle, and numbness of the  thigh of the same
  side.   It may be distinguished into simple and
  calculous nephritis—Lithonephritis.  In the lat-
  ter, the urine often contains  small particles of
  uric acid or of urate  of ammonia. The most com-
  mon causes of nephritis are.—excess in irritating
  and alcoholic drinks ;  abuse of diuretics ;  blows
  or falls on the region of the kidneys; the presence
  of renal  calculi, Ac.   It  may  be  distinguished
  from lumbago by the pain which attends the lat-
  ter on  the slightest motion, Ac. It usually ter-
  minates by  resolution  in from  one week to two
  or three.  It may, however,  end in suppuration
  —pyonSphrite; or may become  chronic—chrono-
  nSphrite,  (Piorry.)   In  the  treatment, anti-
  phlogistics, as bleeding, baths,  Ac, are required
  to   the  full  extent;  with the  use of diluents,
  opiates, Ac.
     Nephritis Albuminensis, Kidney, Bright's dis-
  ease of the — n. Albuminosa,  Kidney,  Bright's
  disease of the — n. Associated.  Kidney,  Bright's
  disease of the—n. Cachectic, Kidney, Bright's dis-
  ease of the — n. Calculous, see  Nephritis — n.
  Sociata, Kidney, Bright's disease of the.
     NEPHROCHALAZOSIS,   Kidney,   Bright's
  disease of the.
     NEPHROCOCCOSIS, Kidney,  Bright's dis-
  ease of the.
     NEPHROCYSTO'SIS, from vtippos, ' a  kidney,'
  and evens, ' a cyst  or bladder.' A morbid con-
  dition, which consists in the  formation  of cysts
  in the bladder.
     NEPHROCOLICA, Colica nephretiea.
     NEPHRODES, Nephroid.
     NEPHRODIUM  FILIX  MAS, Polypodium
  filix mas.
     NEPHROG'RAPHY, from vtippos, 'a  kidney,'
  and ypatpri,  'a description.'  An anatomical de-
  scription of the kidney.
     NEPHROHiE'MIA. from vvpoos, ' kidney,' and
  'aipa, ' blood.'  Hyperaemia or congestion  of the
  kidney.
     NEPH'ROID, Nephrdi'dee, Nephro'dee, Reni-
  form'ie, from vtippos,  'kidney,' and «»&>$,  'form, 
NEPHROLITHIASIS         626              NERONIANA
resemblance.'  Reniform.  Having a resemblance jl
to a kidney — as 'nephroid cancer,' so called be- j|
cause the morbid growth resembles the kidney in j
structure.
  NEPHROLITHIASIS,  from vtippos,  'a kid-
ney,' and XiQos, ' a stone.'  The disease of calculus
in the kidney; Lith'ia rena'lie, Lithlaeie nephril-
ica, L. Rena'lie.  See Gravel.
  NEPHROLITH'IC, same etymon.  Belonging
to calculi in the kidneys.   This epithet has been
applied to ischuria, occasioned by calculi formed
ia the kidneys.
  XEPHRO-LITHOTOMY, Nephrotomy.
  NEPHROL'OGY, Nephrolog"ia, from vtippos,
' kidney,' and Xoyos, ' a treatise.'   A  treatise on
the kidneys.  Dissertation on the  kidneys  and
their functions.
   NEPHROMALA'CIA,  from vtippos, 'kidney,'
and paXaxta,  'softness.'   Softening of the  kid-
ney.
   NEPHROMETRJE,  Psoae.
   NEPHRON'CUS, Tumor rena'lia, from vtippos,
' kidney,' and oyKos, ' a tumour.'   A tumefaction
of the kidney.
   NEPHROPHLEGMAT'IC, Nephro-phlegmal-
icus, from vtippos,' kidney,' and ipXtyua, tpXtyparos,
'phlegm.'   A  name given, by some  authors, to
ischuria produced by  mucus  contained in  the
urine.
   NEPHROPHLEGMONE, Nephritis.
   NEPHROPHTHISIS,  from vttppos, 'kidney,'
 and tpdiots, ' consumption.'   Phthisis from suppu-
 ration of the kidney.
   NEPHROPLETHOR'IC, Nephro-plethor'icue,
 from vtippos. 'a kidney,' and nXnSoipa, 'plethora.'
 Belonging  to plethora  of  the kidneys.  An  epi-
 thet  given to ischuria dependent upon this cause.
   NEPHROPY'IC, Nephro-py'icue, from vtippos,
 'a kidney,'and rvov, 'pus.'  Belonging to sup-
 puration of the kidney.
   NEPHROPYOSIS,  Nephrapostasis, Nephrel-
 cosis.
   NEPHRORRHAG"IA,  Hamatu'ria  rena'lie,
 Hamorrhag"ia renum, from vtippos, 'kidney,' and
 payrj, 'rupture;' Proflu'viitm aan'guinise re'nibue.
 Hemorrhage from  the kidney.
   NEPHROS, Kidney.
   NEPHROSCLE'RIA,   from vtippos,  'kidney,'
  and  aKXnpia,  ' hardness ;'  Indura'tio renum.  In-
  duration of the kidneys.
    NEPHROSPAS'TIC,  Nephrospas'ticus,  from
  vtippos, 'a  kidney,' and  tnrau), 'I  draw.'   That
  which depends upon spasm of the kidney.   An
  epithet given to  a variety of ischuria.
    NEPHROTHROM'BOID,  Nephro-thromboV -
  des, from vtipfios, 'a kidney,' and Spoufios, 'a clot.'
  That which  depends upon clots  of blood,  con-
  tained in  the kidneys or their ducts.  An epithet
  for a species of ischuria.
    NEPHROT'OMY, Nephro-litholomy, Nephro-
  tom'ia, Nephro-lithotom'ia, Sectio rena'lis, S. re-
  nia. from vtippos, ' a kidney,' and rtpvtiv, ' to cut.'
  Dissection of the kidney.  Also, an operation pro-
  posed with the view of extracting calculi formed
  in  the kidney, by means of an incision into the
  tis.Mie of  that organ.
    NEPHRUS. Kidney.
    NEPIOS, Infans.
    NEPIOTES. Infancy.
    NEPTA, Asphaltum.
    NERA, Toddy.
    NERANTIA, see Citrus aurantium.
  NERE. Kidney.
  NERF, Nerve—n. Circonflexe, Axillary nerve
—n. Dentaire, Dental nerve—n. Feaaier, Gluteal
nerve—w.  Gloaeo-pharyngian, Pharyngo-glossal
nerve — «.  Guetatif see Lingual nerve — u. Gue-
tatif innomini, Trigemini — n. Guttural, Palatine
(middle) nerve — n.  Gutturo-palatin,  Palatine
nerve—n. Honteux, Pudic nerve—n. Irien, Ciliary
nerve—n. Iechio-clitorien, Pudic nerve—n. Iechio-
pSnien, Pudic nerve—n. Labyrinthiqtte, Auditory  i
nerve—n. 3Ientonnier, Mental nerve — n. 3Ioteur
oculaire externe, Motor oculi externus—n. Oculo-
musculaire externe,  Motor  oculi  externus—n.
Oculo-mueeulaire interne,  Patheticus  nervus —
n. PuthStique, Patheticus nervus —«. PSroniere
branche, Popliteal nerve, external—n. Pharyngo-
gloeeien, Pharyngo-glossal  nerve—n. Pneumoyae-
trique, Pneumogastric nerve—n. Premih'e paire
trachSlienne, Occipital nerve—ti. PrStibio-digital,
Musculo-cutaneous nerve, see Popliteal nerve—»».
PrStibio-euephalangStaire, see Popliteal nerve —
n. PrStibio eueplantaire, Tibial nerve, anterior —
n.  Radio-digital, Radial  nerve—n.  Sciatique
grand,  Sciatic nerve, great — n. Sciatique petit,
Sciatic nerve, lesser—n. Sciatique poplitS externe,
Musculo-cutaneous nerve—n. Soue-occipital, Oc-
cipital  nerve — n. Sous-pubio-fiSmoral, Obturator
nerve—11. Spino-cranio-trapezien, Spinal nerve—
n. Snemaxillaire, Maxillary  superior nerve—n.
Suapubien,  Supra-pubiitn nerve — n.  Sympathi-
que, Trisplanchnic nerve—n. grand Sympathique,
Trisplanchnic nerve—n. Tibiale branche, Popli-
teal  internal — n. TrachSal,  Laryngeal inferior
nerve—».  TrachSlo-doreal, Spinal nerve—n. Tri-
jiimeuu, Trigemini—h.  d Troie cordee, Trigemini
— n. Tympanique, Chorda tympani — n. Vague,
 Pneumogastric nerve—n.  VertSbro-digital, Mus-
 culo-cutaneous nerve.
   NERFS BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial nerves
—n. Ciliairee, Ciliary nerves—n. Craniene, Cere-
bral nerves — n.  Moteure oculairee commune, Mo-
 tores oculorum—n. Rachidiene, Vertebral nerves
—n. SacrSe,  Sacral nerves — n.  Soue-coetalee, In-
 tercostal nerves.
   NERION, Nerium oleander.
   NERIS, MINERAL WATERS  OF.  N6ris is
 on the high  road from Moulins to Limoges, eighty
 leagues from Paris.  There are four springs, the
 water of which is clear, inodorous, tasteless, and
 has an unctuous feel.   It  contains carbonic acid
 gas, carbonate of  soda, and  sulphate  of soda,
 chloride of sodium, silex, and an animal matter to
 which its 'oleaginous' property is probably owing.
 The waters are generally used in the form  of
 thermal baths.
    NE'RIUM, from  vripos, ' humid,' because grow-
 ing in  moist places.  N. oleander.
    Ne'rium  Antidysenter'icim,  Wright'ia anti-
 dyeenter'ica. The tree  which affords the Codaga'-
 pala Bark. Conee'ei  cortex, Tillicher'ry  cortex,
  Cortex prof.tt'vii. Family, Apocyneee. Sex. Syst.
 Pentandria  Monogynia. (¥.)Codagapale, Cropale.
 The bark of this Malabar tree is of a black colour,
 externally,  and  is generally covered  with a white
 moss or scurf.  It has an austere, bitter taste, and
 has been recommended as an astringent in diar-
 rhoea,  dysentery, Ac.
    Ne'rium  Olean'der, Ne'rium, Rhododaph'nis,
  Roea'go,  (¥.)  Laurier  rose,  Lauroae,  NSrion,
  Roaage, RhododaphnS.  Tbe leaves are reputed
  to be narcotic.  The infusion is  employed inter-
  nally, in  herpetic affections, and the powder,  in-
  corporated with lard, is used in the itch.

    NERONIA'NA seu NERO'NICA (PHLEBO-
  TOM'IA.)  An epithet given, for some cause, to
  phlebotomy, when more than one vein was opened 
NERPRUN  PURGATIF       627                 NERVio
on the  same day, or to bleeding  coup eur coup.
Termed  Neroniana,  because  the  philosopher
Seneca  was bled to death under Nero [?].
  NERPRUN PURGATIF, Rhamnus.
  NERVE, Nervus,  Neuron, vtvpov, 'a  string.'
(F.) Nerf.   Neuron and Nervue meant also, with
the ancients, a  tendon and a ligament,  Partee
nervo'sa ;  and hence tbe different  acceptations of
'nervous;' — 'a man of nerve—a  strong, nervous
man; and a weak, nervoue woman.'   The  nerves
are tubular cords of the same substance  as that
which composes the encephalon and spinal mar-
row.  They extend from one or other of the ner-
vous  centres to  every part of  the body, commu-
nicating, frequently, with  each  other; forming
plexueee, and, occasionally, ganglions; and being,
at  length, lost in the  parenchyma of  organs.
There are  42 pairs, and, according to their origin,
they  are termed Cranial or Encephalic, and Spi-
nal.  Each nerve is composed of several filaments
or cords placed  alongside  each other, and is sur-
rounded  by  a  neurilemma.   The  encephalic
nerves,  in general,  have  only one root in the
brain, whilst the spinal arise from the marrow by
two roots : the  one from an anterior fasciculus of
filaments,  the  other from  a posterior,  separated
from  each  other by the Ligamentum denticulatum ;
uniting outside this ligament, and presenting, near
the  intervertebral  foramen, a ganglion  formed
only  by the posterior rflot.  The two roots make,
afterwards, but one nerve; and, like the encepha-
lic  nerves,  proceed to their destination,  subdi-
viding into rami  and ramusculi, until they  are
finally lost in the  texture  of  the  organs.  The
trunks  first formed are  commonly  round, and
proceed  alone, or accompany the great vessels,
being placed in the  areolar spaces which separate
the organs,  and are thus  protected from injury.
Their manner of termination we are not acquainted
"with ;  whether the  nervous  pulp, for instance, as
is more  probably tbe fact, be distributed  or lost
in a membrane, as seems  to be the case with the
nerves  of sight,  hearing,  and  smell, — or  are
looped.   Certain  it is, that  there is considerable
difference in the organs, as respects the quantity
of  nerves that terminate in them ; and the par-
ticular  arrangement of the  nervous  extremities.
Some organs have numerous nerves;  others seem
to  have none: a circumstance which influences
considerably the sensibility  of parts.
   The Encephalic Nerves arise  from  the ence-
phalon, or are inserted into it;  (according as we
consider the brain the origin or termination of the
nerves ;) and make their  exit by foramina at the
base of the skull.   They are 12 in number.  The
spinal nerves  are 31  in  number, 8  cervical,  12
dorsal, 5 lumbar, and 6 sacral: the four inferior-
Cervical being  much  larger than  the  superior,
because they furnish the nerves of  the upper ex-
tremities.
SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF THE NERVES.
1. Olfactory ..,
    (1st pair.)
           I. Cranial or Encephalic Nerves.
Divided into  internal, exter-  6. Abducente.s
2.  Optic......
    (2d pair.)
  nal, and middle branches
  which are distributed on the
  Schneiderian membrane.

Terminate in the retina.
3. Motores Oculorum.
    (3d pair.)
4. Pathetici....
    (4th pair.)
5. I mr Trigeminum-
    15th pair.)
Superior Branch. To the rectus
  superior oculi and levator
  palpebrte superioris.
Inferior Branch. To the rec'us
  internus. rectus inferior and
  lesser oblique  muscles;  a
  filament which goes  to the
  ophthalmic ganglion.
To the greater oblique muscle
  of the eye.
Ophthalmic Branch.  Divided
  into three branches. 1. The
  lachrymal branch, to the la-
  chiymal gland  and  upper
  eye-lid.  2.  Frontal branch.
  to the  forehead and upper
  eyelid.  3. JVasal branch, to
  the eyelids, nasal fossae, and
  nose.
Superior  Maxillary  Branch.
  1. The orbitar branch, to the
  orbit.  2. The posterior and
  superior dental,  to the last
  three molar teeth and gums.
  3. The anterior dental, to
  the incisor, canine, and two
  lesser molares.  4.  Infra-
  orbitar, to  the  upper lip
  cheek, and nose.
Inferior Maxillary  Branoh.  \.
  Temporal'ptofoanA branches,
  to the temporal  muscle.  2.
  Masseterine  branch, to the
  masseter muscle. 3. Buccal.
  to the inner  surface of the
  cheek.  4. Pterygoid, to the
  internal pterygoid  muscle.
  5. Lingual, to the mucous
  membrane  of the tongue
  6. Inferior  dental, to  the
  teeth of the lower jaw. and
  to the lower  lip.   7. Auri-
  cular branch, to the pavilion
  of the ear and forehead.
(6th pair.)
7.  Facial.........
(Portio dura of the
  7th pair.)
P. Auditory ........
(Portio mollis of the
  7th pair.)
9. Glosso-pkaryngeal.
(Portion of the  8th
  pair.)
10. Par Vagum.
    (8th pair.)
11. Spinal or  Aeces
  sory of Willis.....
12. Hypoglossal.
    (9th pair.)
  To the rectus externus oculi.
  '1: At  its exit from the era
    nium, the posterior auricu
    lar,  stylohyoid,  and infra-
    mastoid, to the  pavilion  ol
    the ear. the mastoid pi ocess.
    the digastricus, and them us
    cles attached to the  styloid
    process.
     Near the parotid gland, the
    temporal, malar, buccal, sv
    pra-maxillary,   and  infra
    maxillary  to the whole su-
  .  perficies of the face.
  To the vestibule, semicircular
    canals, and cochlea.

  To the, base of the tongue and
    pharynx.
  1. /JV  THE JVECK, — a  pha
    ryngeal branch  to the  pha-
    rynx;  superior  laryngeal
    branch to the larynx, and  in
    some muscles of the infe-
    rior hyoid region.  Cardiac
    branches  to  the  cardiac
    plexus.
  2. /JV  THE CHEST,—the in-
' 4  ferior 'aryngeal branch to the
    larynx ^ulmonary branches.
    which  foini the  plexus of
    the same nune: (esophageal
    branches to the  oesophagus.
  3. IJV  THE ABDOMEtf,—
    gastric branches to the pa-
    rietes of the stomach:  fila-
    ments which go to tbe neigh
    (bouring plexuses.
  At its exit from the cranium—
    the accessory of the pneumo
    gastric nerve anastomosing
    with  this  nerve.  In the
i  neck—filaments  to the  tra-
    pezius muscle.
  Cervicalie descendens, to the
    muscles of the inferior hyoid
    region, and to the cervical
    nerves.  Filaments to  the
    muscles of the tongue. 
NERVES
628
NERVES
                II. Spinal or  Vertebral Nerves

Cervical Nerves.
2d Cervical Pair~
Cervical Plexue.
                    (Anterior Branch.  Anastomo-
lst Cervical Pair.......-2  sing  par  arcade with  the
                    I  second pair.
                   i Anterior Branch.   A branch
                       anastomosing with the first
                       pair: a  branch  which goes
                       to the cervical  plexus
3d  and  4th  Cervical  f Anterior Branch.  Concurring
  Ptiirs...................t  in the cervical plexus.
The Posterior Branch of these tour pairs  ramifies on
  the occiput and muscles of the superficial and deep-
  seated  cerrico-oocipital regions.
                     ' Descending Branches. — 1. In-
                       ternal  descending,  anasto-
                       mosing  with  a  branch of
                       the hypoglossus.  2. Phrenic
                       branch,  to the  diaphragm.
                        3.  External descending bran-
                        ches, dividing  into   supra-
                        clavicular,   supra-acromial,
                        infra-clavicular,  and  cervi-
                        cales profundi, to the mus-
                        cles and integuments  of tbe
                        upper part of the' chest and
                        shoulder,  to  the trapezius,
                        levator  scapulae, rhomboid-
                        eus, &c.
                      Ascending Branches.—1.  Mas-
                        toid, to  the  posterior  and
                        lateral part of the head and
                        the inner surface of tbe pa-
                        vilion of the ear. 2. Auricu-
                        lar, to the parotid gland and
                        pavilion of the ear.
                      Superficial Cervical Branches.
                        (2.) To  the platysma myoi-
                        des,  digastricus,  the integu-
                        ments of tne neck, &c.
                      Anterior  Branches. Assisting
                        in the formation of tbe bra-
                        chial plexus.
                       Posterior  Branches.   To  the
                     1   muscles  and   integuments
                        of the posterior part of the
                     ,   neck and upper part of the
                     I.  back.
                     fl.  Thoracic  Branches,  (2.) to
                        the  anterior   and  lateral
                        parts of the chest.  2. Supra-
                         scapulary branch to tbe mus-
                         cles of the posterior scapular
                         region.   3.  Infra-scapulary
                         branches (3.) to the subsca-
                         pularis, teres  major,  teres
                         minor, and latissimus dorsi.
                         4. The brachial interna cu-
                         taneous, to the  integuments
                         of the  palmar and  dorsal
                         surfaces of the forearm, near
                         tbe ulnar margin.  5. The
                         brachial  external cutaneous,
                         principally  to  the  integu-
                         ments  of tbe  palmar and
                         dorsal  surfaces of tbe  fore-
                         arm, near the radial margin
                         6. The median  nerve, to tbe
                         forearm, hand,  and  palmar
                         surface of all   the  fingers.
                         7. The cubital  nerve, to  the
                         last two fingers.  8.  The ra-
                         dial, to  the first  three.  9.
                         The axillary,  around  the
                         shoulder-joint,   and  to  the
                         neighbouring muscles.

         2. Doreal Nervee, (Nervi dorsalee.)

                                         To the bra-
Uh, 5th, 6th, and 1th]
8th,  9th,  10th,  and
  11th Dorsal Pdirs.-
5th, Wi, and 7th Cer-
  vital Pairs............
Brachial Plexus..
1st Dorsal Pair.

          3d
2d  and
  Pairs.
Dorsal
            f Anterior Branch.
            \   cbial plexus.
     Dorsal (Anterior Branches.   An  inter-
     ..........\   costal and brachial branch.
            f Anterior Branches.   Internal
               branches, to the intercostals,
uw», »ui»  i«m   triangularis   sterni.  pecto-
*avrs.........    ralis major, and to the skin.
            I   External  branches  to  the
                    f  integuments of the cheat, the
                 ...J   obliquus  externus  abdouii-
 Dorsal Fairs.........j   nis, and the skin of tbe ab-
                    l  domen.
                     Anterior Branches.    Internal
                       branches, to  the   transver-
                       salis, obliquus internus, and
                       rectus muscles, and to the
                       skin of  the abdomen.  Ex-
                       ternal  branches, to the  in-
                       teguments of the  chest, and
                       to tbe muscles and skin of
                       tbe abdomen.
                     r Anterior Branch.  To the first
                       lumbar  nerve, and to the
                       muscles  and skin of tbe ab-
                       domen as  far  as  the  iliac
                       crest.
The Posterior Branches  of the dorsal nerves are dis-
  tributed to  the muscles  and  integuments of the
  back and loins.
12th Doreal Fair..
3.
Lumbar Nervee.

             Branches.
4th, 5th, 6th,  and 1th\
  Tlrwenl RiV**« _____  1
1st, 2d  3d  and 4th ,   rf    to
  Lumbar Pairs.......]   „i„S„<,

5th Pair.......f.
    Concur-
the lumbar
Lumbar Plexus..
                    (" Anterior

                    (   plexus.
                    < Anterior  Branch.   Aiding in
                    X   forming the sciatic plexus.
The Posterior Branches of tb.e lumbar  nerves are dis-
  tributed to the loins, sacrum, and nates.
                    f 1. Musculo-cutaneous Branches,
                        to the number of three.  One
                        superior, to the muscles of
                        the abdomen, to  the fold of
                        the groin, and tbe scrotum:
                        a middle, to the integuments
                        and muscles of tbe abdomen :
                        and an  inferior, to the  skin
                        of the  thigh.  2. A  genito-
                        crural branch to  the integu-
                        ments of the scrotum, the
                        groin, and the thigh.  3. The
                        crural nerve, to  the integu-
                        ments and muscles of tbe
                        tbigh, skin of tbe leg, and
                        foot.  4. Tbe obturator nerve,
                        to the muscles at the inner
                        part of tbe  tbigh.   5. Tbe
                        lumbosacral,  to  the sciatic
                        plexus.   It gives off the glu-
                        teal  nerve  to  the  glutei
                        muscles.

                4.  Sacral  Nervee.

 ._.  «j  «j     j  ah (Anterior Branches.   They form
 1st  2d,  3£ and  ith)   b   their  union  the ^
   Sacral  Pairs.........^  pfexUB

                     (Anterior  Branches.   To the
 5th and 6th Pairs......<   parts in the  vicinity of the
                     (^  coccyx.
 The Posterior Branches  ramify  on  the muscles and
   integuments of tbe nates.
                      1. Hemorrhoidal nerves, to the
                        rectum.  2.   Vesical, to the
                        bladder.  3.  Uterine and va-
                        ginal,  to  the  vagina  and
                        uterus.  4.  Inferior gluteal.
                        to the gluteal muscles, peri-
                         naeum, and  integuments  of
                         the posterior part  of the
                         tbigh.  5. Pudic, to  the  pe-
                         rinceum, penis, or vulva.  6.
                         Sciatic, divided into the ex-
 Sciatic Plexus...........\   ternal popliteal,  which rami-
                         fies on  the integuments and
                         muscles of the external side
                         of the leg. on the dorsum  of
                         the foot, and the dorsal sur-
                         face  of the  toes: and into
                         the internal popliteal,  distri-
                         buted on tbe dorsal surface
                         of tbe two  last  toes, to the
                         muscles of the foot, and  on
                         the plantar surface of  all
                         tbe toes. 
NERVES
629
NERVES
  Classifications of the nerves have been recom-
mended according  to their uses, in preference to
the ordinary  anatomical arrangement.  It  has
been remarked that the  encephalic  nerves have
generally one root;  the spinal two.   Experi-
ments  and  pathological  facts have  proved,
that the anterior column of the marrow and the
anterior roots of the spinal nerves are inservient
to volition  or voluntary motion: and that the
posterior  column   and  roots  are  destined  for
sensibility.  Hence the spinal nerves, which have
two roots, must be the conductors both of motion
and feeling;  whilst the  encephalic,  which, with
but few exceptions, have but one, can possess but
one of these properties:—they must be either een-
titive or motor, according as they arise from the
posterior or  anterior  column   of the  medulla:
and, consequently, three classes of nerves may be
distinguished.

                   ("Arising, by a  single  root,
1. Seneory..........J   ^m the posterior column
         "         I   of the medulla oblongata
                   [   or spinal marrow.
                   (Arising, by a  single  root,
2. Motor............J   from the anterior column
                   [   of the same parts.
3. Sensory   and  ] ™>  ,h,ave Xf°. roots'  one
    Mot r         1   *rom tne anterior, and one
                   (_   from the posterior column.

  According to  Sir Charles  Bell, the  medulla ob-
longata is composed  of  three  columns  on each
side;   an anterior, a  middle,  and  a poeterior.
Whilst the  anterior and posterior columns pro-
duce the nerves of motion  and  sensation respec-
tively,  the   middle,  according to  Sir  Charles,
gives  rise to a third set of nerves —the respira-
tory.   To this order belong:—

1. The accessory  nerve of Willis,   or  euperior
    reepiratory.
2. The par vagum.
3. The glosso-pharyngeal.
4. The facial or reepiratory of the face.
5. The phrenic.
6. A  nerve  which  has the  same  origin  as  the
    phrenic;—the external reepiratory.

  When a horse has been hard-ridden, every one
of these nerves  is  in action.
  This division is now, however, generally aban-
doned, and  there  does not  seem to be a third
column, especially destined for  respiration.
  Sir   C. Bell,  again, reduced the  system  of
nerves to two great classes.  1. Those that are
regular, primitive,  eymmetrical, and  common to
all animals,  from the worm  to man; which have
double  roots, and  preside  over sensibility  and
motion: and, 2. The  irregular or  superadded,
which are added to the preceding, in proportion
as ,the organization of animals offers  new or more
complicated organs. To the first class belong all
 the spinal nerves and  at least one encephalic —
I the 5th pair; — to  the second,  the  rest  of  the
 nervous system.
   Dr. Marshall Hall has proposed a division of
 the nervous system, which  is calculated  to  ex-
 plain  many of the  anomalous circumstances so
 frequently witnessed.  He proposes to divide all
 the nerves into, 1.  The cerebral or  the sentient
 and voluntary.  2.  The true spinal or excito-mo-
 tory.   3. The ganglionic  or cyclo-ganglionic,—
 the nutrient and secretory.  If the  sentient and
 voluntary functions be destroyed by a blow upon
 the head, the sphincter muscles will still contract
 when irritated, because the irritation is conveyed
 to the spine, and the reflex action takes place to
 the muscle so as to throw it into contraction.  But
 if  the  spinal  marrow be  now  destroyed,  tbe
 sphincters  remain  entirely  motionless, became
 the centre of the system is  destroyed.   Dr. Hall
 thinks that a peeuliar set of nerves constitutes, with
 the vesicular centre of the marrow as their axis,
 the second subdivision of the nervous system;  and
 as those of the first subdivision are distinguished
 into sentient and voluntary, these may be distin-
 guished into the excitor and motory.  The firi-f,
 or the excitor  nerves, pursue their course  princi-
 pally from internal  surfaces, characterized by pe-
 culiar excitabilities, to the centre of the medulla
 oblongata and m. spinalis; the second, or the motor
 nerves, pursue a reflex course from the medulla
 to the muscles, having peculiar actions concerned
 principally in  ingestion and egestion.  The mo-
 tions  connected with the first  or cerebral subdi-
 vision are  sometimes, indeed frequently, sponta-
 neous; those connected with the true spinal  are,
 he believes, always  excited.  Dr.  Hall thinks,  too,
 that there  is g*ood  reason for viewing the fifth,
 and posterior spinal nerves as constituting an
 external ganglionic system for  the nutrition of
 the external organs; and he proposes to divide
 the ganglionic subdivision of the nervous  systvin
 into, 1. The internal ganglionic, which includes
 that usually denominated the sympathetic,  and
 probably filaments  of the pneumogastric; and,
 2. The external ganglionic, embracing the fifth
 and posterior spinal nerves.  To  the cerebral sys-
 tem he assigns all  diseases  of sensation, percep-
 tion, judgment, and volition — therefore all pain-
 ful, mental, and comatose, and some paralytic
 diseases.   To  the  true  spinal,  excito-motory,
 reflex, or diastaltic nervous system,  belong all
 spasmodic  and  certain paralytic diseases.  He
 properly adds, that these two parts of the ner-
 vous  system influence each  other both in health
 and disease, as they both  influence the ganglio-
 nic system.
   The main views of Dr. Hall on the excito-mo-
 tory function have been generally embraced.
   The following tabular view of  the arrangement
 and connexions of the nerves and nervous centres
 has been given  by Dr. Carpenter.   It affords  a
 good  general view,  although some of the details
 might admit of modification. 
NERVES
630
NERVES
Afferent  fibres
Afferent  fibres  derived
                          Tabulae View of  the Nervous Centres.

                       r                Cerebral Ganglia,                 ]
             s  derived   the seat of the formation of Ideas, and the instrument
^om "ensorv Gangltr ef-   of the Reasoning processes and Will; participating also I  from Sensory .ianglia  •*
forest fibresytranSed1 with the Sensory Ganglia in the formation of the Emo- f ferent  fil.re-  transmitted
to motor centres          Sons: and thu/the original source of Voluntary and   to motor centres.
                       [_ Emotional movements.                             J
Afferent  fibres  derived
from posterior column of
spinal cord; efferent fibres
transmitted into posterior
column.
i ot  |
res  }
ior
Cerebellic Ganglia,
for harmonization of muscular actions; including also
    the ganglionic centre of the sexual sense (?)
f Afferent  fibres  derivnd
|  from posterior coh.mn of
^  spinal cord; efferent fibres
I  transmitted  into  motor
r  (, column.
                                       Cranio-Spinal  Axis,
                                           or centre of
                                        Automatic actions;
                                           including—                                    ,
                                                                        f Badiating fibres  to Cere-
                                        Sensort Ganglia,                 I  bral Ganglia:—Nerves of
Common and Special Sen- I the seat of Sensation, and centre of Consensual (or In- i  Common and Special S-n-
s\tTon-- Motor  nerves \ stinctive) movements, or of Automatic actions involving )  sation; - Motor  nerve,
SMion,   .uoioi  ucivc.   °    .. '                                          forming  part of general
forming part  of general  sensation.                                        1  motor h .  r^
motor system.          J______________                 '■
Radiating fibres to Cere- "j
bral  Ganglia:—Nerves of
   Afferent
  and motor
   nerves of
 Respiration,
Deglutition, &c
   Afferent
  and motor
fibres, forming
  Trunks of
Bpinal Nerves.
5^3
      Respiratory
         and
    Stomato-Gastrio
       Ganglia,
   forming the true
     centres of the
  Uhlulla Ohlona-iita;
 instruments of Reflex
 movements or automa-
tic actions independent of
       sensation.
" a-d a
= * » 2
5 p:3 o
o.crS'v-
     Spinal
   Ganglion, or
 True Sjiinal Card,
  consisting of a
 coalesced series of
 segmental ganglia,
    the instru-
  ments of Reflex
 operations, or Au-
 tomatic actions in-
dependent of Sensa-
      tion.

2 ea
      q.5
      ~ a


£ w§"2 a

   Afferent
  and motor
   nerves of
  Respiration,
Deglutition, so
   Afferent
  and motor
fibres, forming
  Trunks of
Spinal Nerved.
  Tbe nerves are sheathed, and are united to the
neighbouring parts, by an abundant layer of fatty
areolar texture, which  sends, inwards, prolonga-
tions that separate the nervous cords and fila-
ments from  each  other.   The  arterial trunks,
distributed to them, transmit branches into their
interior.  The  veins  follow  the  same course as
the  arteries.   Absorbents are not easily traced
even on the greatest trunks.
  Nerve, Accessory,-of Willis, Spinal  nerve
— n. Articular, Axillary nerve — n. Buccinator,
Buccal nerve.
  Nerve Cells, see  Neurine — n. of Cotunnius,
Nasopalatine nerve.
  Nerve, Femoral Cutaneous, see  Genito-cru-
rai  nerve — n.  Femoro-popliteal,  lesser,  Sciatic
nerve, lesser.
   Nerve Fibres, Fila ner'vea, Fibra  ner'vea.
In the nerves of the higher animals, two forms of
nerve fibre exist—the tubular, and the gelatinoue.
In  the minute  fibrils or tubules, Tu'buli ner'vei,
full of nervous matter, which constitute the former,
there is a difference between the central  and pe-
ripheral portion :—the  former has been called the
axie cylinder and primitive band ; the latter, the
medullary or white eubetance of Schwann,—being
that to which the peculiarly white aspect  of ce-
rebrospinal  nerves  is  principally  due.  In the
gelatinous fibre, no tubular envelope can be dis-
tinguished, and the white substance of Schwann
seems to  be wanting.   It contains numerous cell-
nuclei.   See Neurine.
   Nerve, Genital, see Genito-crural nerve — n.
 Genito-crural, see Genito-crural nerve — n. Glu-
 teal of  the Sacral plexus, Sciatic nerve, lesser—
 n.  Gustatory,  Hypoglossal nerve — n.  Inguinal,
 internal,  Genito-crural  nerve — n. of Jacobson,
 see Petrosal ganglion—n. Lateral nasal, Spheno-
 palatine nerve—n. Lingual, Hypoglossal nerve—
 n.  Naso-ocularis,  Nasai  nerve — n. Nasopalpe-
 bral, Nasal nerve—n. Orbito-frontal, Ophthalmic
 nerve — n. Ocular,  Optic nerve — n. of Organic
 life,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  Palpebro-frontal,
 Frontal  nerve — n.  Popliteal  internal,  Tibial
 nerve, posterior.
   Nerve Power, Nervous power.
   Nerve,  Respiratory, op  the  Face,  Facial
 nerve—n. Respiratory, superior,' Spinal nerve —n.
 Scapulo-humeral, Axillary nerve—n. Scrotal, see
 Genito-crural nerve—n. Spiral, Radial  nerve—n.
 Spiral,, muscular, Radial nerve—n. Sub-occipital,
 Occipital  nerve — n. Sub-pubian,  Genito-crural
 nerve—n. Superficial temporal, Auricular nerve—
 n. Sympathetic, Trisplanchnic nerve—n.Temporal
 cutaneous, Auricular nerve — n.  Ulnar, Cubita
 nerve—n. Vidian,  Pterygoid nerve—n. of Wris-
 berg, see  Cutaneous nerves — n. Zygomato-auri
 cular. Auricular nerve.
   NERVES,  COSTAL, Intercostal nerves —n.
 Dorsal, Intercostal  nerves — n. Eighth pair  of,
1 Pneumogastric — n. Encephalic, first pair, Olfac-
 tory nerves—n. Encephalic, eleventh pair, Spinal
 nerves—n. Ethmoidal, Olfactory nerves—n. Fifth
\ pair. Triaremini—n. Fourth uair of. Patheticus ner- 
NERVEUX
631
NEURALGIA
ru;:—n .In fin -orbitar, Sub-orbitar n erves—n .Ninth
pair of, Hypoglossal nerve — n. Oculo-muscular,
common, Motores oculorum — n.  Phrenic, Dia-
phragmatic nerves—n. Recurrent, Laryngeal infe-
rior nerves—n. Sixth pair of, Motor oculi externus
— n. Spinal, Vertebral nerves — n. Tenth pair of,
Pneumogastric—n.Third pair of,Motores oculorum.
   NER VEUX. Nervous.
   NERVI  ACROMIALES,  Acromial nerves —
n. Anonymi, Innominati nervi—n. Claviculares,
Clavicular nerves—n. Cutanei clunium inferiores,
Bee Sciatic nerve, lesser—n.  Divisi, Trigemini —
n. Entobaenontes, Afferent nerves—n. Gustatorii,
Trigemini.
   Nervi  Molles.   ' Soft nerves.'  The anterior
branches of the superior (Jervieal ganglion of the
great sympathetic, which accompany the carotid
artery and its branches,  around which they form
intricate  plexuses, and, here  and there,  small
ganglia.  They are called molles from their soft-
ness, and subru'fi, from their reddish hue.
   Nervi  Odoratorii, Olfactory nerves — n.  Re-
versivi, Laryngeal inferior nerves — n. Subrufi,
Nervi molles—n. Vulneratio, Neurotrosis.
   NERVIMO'TION,  Nervimo'tio,  from nervue,
'nerve,' and motio, 'motion.'   A name given, by
M. Dutrochet, to the movement which  is  caused
in the organs of the senses  by external agents,
and transmitted to the muscles by the nerves.
   NERVIMO'TOR, (F.) Nervimoteur.  An  epi-
thet given, by M. Dutrochet, to external agents,
which are capable of causing nervimotion.
   NERVINE,  Nervi'mte,  Neurol ic,  Neurit'ic,
Antineurotic,  Antineuropath'ic,  (F.) Necrotique,
from nervna, 'a nerve.'  A medicine which  acts
on tbe nervous system.
   NERVOUS,  Nervo'eue,  Neuro'dea,  Ntr'veua,
Neu'ricu8,  (F.) Nervenx.   Same  etymon.   Re-
lating or belonging to the nerves.  Strong.  Also,
weak, irritable.
   Nervous Attack, (F.) Attaque dee nerfie, is an
affection accompanied with spasm, pain, and  dif-
ferent nervous  symptoms, to which impressible
individuals are liable.
   Nervous Centres, see Centres, nervous.
   Nervous Diath'esis  is  termed Atax'ia epiri-
tuum, Anoma'lia nervo-'rum, Statue nervo'eua  seu
erethit'icue, Diath'eeie seu Conatitu'tio  nervo'sa,
Ner'vouanese.  Medically, »ierto««)ies« means unu-
sual impressibility of the nervous  system.  For-
merly,  it signified strength, force, and vigour.
Recently, it has been applied to a hypochondri-
acal condition verging upon  insanity, occasion-
ally occurring in  those  in whom  the brain  has
been unduly  tasked; — a  condition  termed  by
some cerebrop'athy; by others, brain-fag.
   Nervous Diseases, Morbi nervo'ei,  (F.) Ma-
ladiee nerveueee.  Affections seated  in  the ner-
vous system.   To purely  functional  disease of
the  nerves, Dr.  Laycock  has given the name
tteura'mia, and to the class of diseases he applies
the epithet neura'mic.
   Nervous Fluid, Nervoue principle, Flu'idum
sea Liq'uidum ner'veum,  Succus nerveua, Spir'itua
vita'lia.  The fluid which is supposed to circulate
through the nerves, and which has  been  regarded
as the agent  of sensation  and motion.  Of  this
fluid we know nothing, except  that it resembles,
in many respects, the electric or galvanic.  It
was  formerly called Animal epirite, Spir'itua ani-
mates, (E.)Eaprita animatix.
   Nervous Pain, Neuralgia.
   Nervous Power,  Nerve power,  Vie nervo'ea
seu  nervo'rum,  Neurodyna'mta, Nettrody'namie.
The  power of the nerves  as exhibited in the liv-
ing organism.
  Nervous Principle, Nervous fluid.
  Nervous System.   The nerves and  nervous
centres considered collectively.   See Nerves.    ||
  Nervous System of  the Automatic Fcnc-
tions,  Trisplanchnic nerve — n. System, gangli-
onic,  see  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n. System, or-
ganic, see Trisplanchnic nerve—n. System of the
senses. Medulla oblongata — n.  System of volun-
tary motion, Ac,  Medulla spinalis.
  NERVOUSNESS, Nervous diathesis.
  NERVUS, see  Nerve, Penis—n.  Acustieus,
Auditory nerve—n. Ambulatorius, Pneumogastric
nerve—n. Anonymus,  Trigemini—n. Auditorius,
Auditory nerve -n. Caroticus, Carotid nerve—n.
Cervico-facialis,  Cervico-facial  nerve — n. Com-
municans faciei, Facial nerve—n. Cutaneus inter-
nus, see Saphenous nerves—n. Cutaneus internus
longus, see Saphenous nerves—n. Decimus, Pneu-
mogastric—n. Ganglionicus, Trisplanchnic nerve
—n. Genito-cruralis, Genito-crural nerve—n. Hy-
poglossus,  Hypoglossus.
  Nervus Impar.  A prolongation of the neuri-
lemma below  the lower  extremity of the spinal
cord, as a fibrous filament,  which is inserted into
the base of the coccyx.  It was formerly regarded
as a nerve:—hence its name.
  Nervus Incisivvs, Incisive  nerve — n. Inno-
minatus, Trigemini—n. Ischiadicus, Sciatic nerve
—n. Juvenilis, Penis—n. Latus, Achillis tendo—
n. Lingualis lateralis, Pharyngo-glossal nerve —
n. Lingualis medius, Hypoglossal nerve — n. Lo-
quens, Hypoglossus — n. Lumbo-inguinalis,  Ge-
nito-crural  nerve — n.  Mixtus, Trigemini — n.
Musculi pterygoidei, Pterygoid  nerve — n. Naso-
ciliaris, Nasal nerve — n. Opticus, Optic nerve —
n. Pneumogastricus, Pneumogastric — n. Puden-
dus externus, see Genito-crural  nerve — n. Quin-
tus, Trigemini—n. Spermaticus, see Genito-crural
nerve—n. Subcutaneus mala?, Orbitar nerve—n.
Sympathetica medius, Trigemini, Pneumogastric
nerve — n. Sympatheticus magnus, Trisplanchnic
nerve — n. Sympatheticus minor, Facial nerve—
n. Sympathicus, Trisplanchnic nerve—n. Sympa-
thies medius, Trigemini — n.  Temporo-facialis,
Temporo-facial nerve — n.  Timidus. Motor oculi
externus — n. Tremellus,  Trigemini — n. Tris-
planchnicus, Trisplanchnic nerve—n. Trochlearis,
Patheticus nervus — n.  Vagus, Pneumogastric
nerve — n. Vagus cum  accessorio, Spinal nerve
—n. Vaso-motorius, Trisplanchnic nerve.
  NES, Nasus.
  NESPITE, Melissa calamintha.
  NESTIA, Jejunum.
  NESTIATRIA, Limotherapeia.
  NESTIS, Jeiunum.
  NESTITHERAPEIA, Limotherapeia.
  NESTOTHERAPEIA, Limotherapeia.
  NESTROOT, Monotropa uniflora.
  NETLEAF, Goodyera pubescens.
  NETTING, Urine.
  NETTLE, ARCHANGEL, WHITE,  Lamium
album—n. Day,  Lamium album — n. Dead, La-
mium album, L. amplexicaule—n. Dwarf, Urtica
urens—n. Hedge, Galeopsis—n.  Horse, Solanum
Carolinense—n. Pill-bearing, Urticaria pilulifera.
  Nettle Rash, Urticaria—n. Springe, Urticaria.
  Nettle, Stinging, Common, Urtica.
  Nettle Tree,  Celtis occidentalis.
  NETWORT, Goodyera pubescens.
  NEURADYNAMIA, Neurasthenia.
  NEUR.<EMIA,  see Nervous diseases.
  NEUR^EMIC,  see Nervous diseases.
  NEURAL;  from vtvpov,  ' a nerve/  Relating
to a nerve or to the nervous system.
  Neural Arch. The arch formed by the pos-
terior projections  connected with the body of the
vertebra, which protect the  medulla.
  Neural Axis,  see Encephalon — n.  Spines,
Spinous processes.
  NEURAL'GIA, from  vtvpov,  'a  nerve,' and
a\yos, ' pain.'  Rheumatia'miia spu'riue nerro'sus,
Neurodyn'ia,, (F.) NSvralyie, Nevrodynie, Net- 
NEURALGIA              63
voue pain.  A generic name for a certain number
of diseases, the chief symptom of which is a very jj
acute pain, exacerbating or intermitting, which
follows the course of a nervous branch, extends
to its ramifications, and seems,  therefore, to be
seated in the  nerve.  The principal  neuralgise I
have been distinguished by tbe names facial (of
which the infra-orbitar, maxillary, and frontal
are but divisions)—the ilio-ecrotal, femoro-popli-
teal, femoro-pretibial, plantar, and cubito-digital. II
A division of anomaloue neuralgise has likewise
been  admitted.
   All varieties of neuralgia are obstinate, and the
greatest diversity of means has  been  made use
of:—bleeding, general and local, — emetics, pur-
gatives, rubefacients,  vesicants,  actual cautery,
narcotics,  mercurial  frictions,   electricity; de-
struction of a  portion of the nerve,  Ac.   The
most successful  remedy, perhaps,  is the carbo-
nate of iron, given in doses of some magnitude;
as, for instanee, £ss or 3ij, twice or thrice a day,
in molasses.   This plan of treatment, continued
for  a  month or  two,  will  often  relieve, and
ultimately remove this much  dreaded  affection.
 Tbe mode in  which it acts is by  no means clear:
 but it is almost as  certain as any other remedy
 used in disease in  producing its salutary effects.
 The  bowels must be  kept free; and  all inflam-
 matory symptoms removed during its adminis-
 tration.
   Neural'gia,  Anom'alous.  Under  this  name
 Chaussier has included different neuroses, some
 of which are  characterized by acute pains circum-
 scribed within a short  compass,  or extending by
 irradiations,  but not having  their  seat in  the
 course of a nerve; and  others  which are occa-
 sioned by tumours in the course  of a nerve, or
 which  succeed contusions  or incomplete divisions
 of nerves.
    Neuralgia Brachialis, Brachialgia—n. Bra-
 chio-thoracica, Angina pectoris — n. Cerebralis,
 Hemicrania—n. Cceliaca, Neuralgia of the solar
 plexus  (Romberg) — n.  Cruralis,  N.  femoro-ti-
 bialis.
    Neuralgia  Cu'bito-Digitalis, Ie'chiae ner-
 vo'ea digita'lis.  In this variety the pain extends
 from the part where the nerve passes under the
 inner condyle to the back of the hand and to its
 cubital edge.
    Neuralgia Dentalis,  Odontalgia nervosa.
    Neuralgia, Fa'cial, Neuralgia fa'ciei, Trie-
 mue maxilla'rie seu  Dolorificue  seu  Clon'icue,
  Oprialgia, Dolor cru'ciane faciei seu faciei pe-
 riod'icue,  Hemicra'nia  idinpath'ica,   Autal'gia
 doloro'ea, Tic douloureux, Dolor faciei sen faciei
 typ'ico charade're seu faciei  Fothergill'i,  Rheu-
 ntatie'mue cancro'eue, Rhematis'mus larva'tus, Pro-
 sopalgia, Prosopodyn'ia, Febris top'ica, Ophthal-
 modynia period'ica, Tortu'ra  Orie, Affectue epae-
  modico-convuhi'vue Labio'rum, Face  ague, is cha-
 racterized by acute  lancinating pains, returning
 at intervals; and by twinges in certain parts  of
 the  face, producing  convulsive twitches in the
 corresponding muscles.  It may be seated in the
 frontal nerve, in the infra-orbitar, or in the max-
 illary  branch of the fifth pair.
    Metopodyn'ia, Brow-ague, Neural'gia fironta'-
  lie, Ophthalmodynia,  Tic douloureux, Dolor pe-
 riod'icua, Ac, commences at the superciliary fora-
  men and  extends  along the ramifications  of the
  frontal nerve that are distributed on the forehead,
  upper  eyelid, caruncula  lacrymalis,  and  nasal
 angle  of the eyelids.   Sometimes it is felt parti-
 cularly in the orbit.
    Neuralgia infira-orbita'ria, Dolor faciei  atrox,
  Rhenmatie'mue cancro'aue, Triemna clon'icue, Pro-
  eopal'gia,  Febrie tap'ica, Odontalgia  remit'tens
  tt intermit'tene, Hemicra'nia sava, Infra-orbitar
  neuralgia, Tic douloureux, is chiefly  felt  in the
NEURILEMMITIS
infra-orbitar foramen, whence it passes to tha
cheek, upper lip, ala nasi, lower eyelid, Ac.
  In Neuralgia maxilla'rie, Guathalgia, Gnatho-
neural'gia,  Tic  douloureux, Triemue catarrha'lie
maxillarie,  the  pain  usually sets  out from the
mental foramen and passes to the chin, lips, tem-
ple, teeth, and tongue.
  Neiralgia, False.  A terra assigned to pains
along  a  nerve or its ramifications, produced by
some body compressing it,—those pains termina-
ting with the  removal of the compressing cause.
  Neuralgia Fem'oro-poplit^c'a, A', hckiad'iea,
Scialica,  Schias,  Malum ischiad'icum, Morbus
iechiad'icus, Paasio  iechiad'ica, lech'iagra,  Is-
chialgia,  Ischio'sis,  lechioneuralgia, Coxal gia,
Dolor lechiad'icue nervo'eue, Ie'chiae, I. nervo'aa
Cotugnii seu  Cotunnii,  I.  nervo'ea poeti'ca seu
rheuma'tica, Neuriech'iaa, Cox'agra, lechiat'iia,
lechoneuralgia,  (Prov. Devonshire)  Bone-ehave,
(F.) Sciatique, Goutte eciatique.   This is charac-
terized by pain following the great sciatic nerve
from the ischiatic notch to the bam, and along tbe
peroneal surface of the leg to the soje of the foot.
   Neuralgia Fem'oro-pr^tibia'lis, A",  crural,
lachiae  nervo'aa antica, Scelalgia anti'ca.   In
this,  the pain, setting out from the groin, spreads
along the fore part of the thigh, and passes down,
| chiefly on the inner side of the  leg,  to the inner
ankle and back of the foot.
   Neuralgia op the Heart, Angina pectoris —
j n.  Hepatica,  Hepatalgia.
I   Neuralgia Ilio-Scrotal has been rarely ob-
 served.   It is characterized by a very acute pain,
 in  the course of the branches of the first lumbar
 pair; this pain follows the crista ilii  and accom-
 panies the  spermatic vessels to tbe testicle, which
 is ofte^ painfully retracted.
   Neuralgia, Lead, see Lead rheumatism — n.
 Lienis. Splenalgia.
   Neural'gia Mamm*, Ir'ritable breaet.  An ex-
 ceedingly painful affection of the female mamma,
 unaccompanied by inflammation.
   Neuralgia  Planta'ris.  This is  rare; and
 the pain is confined to  the  course of the plantar
 nerves.
   Neuralgia Renum, Nephralgia—n. Spinalis,
 Spinal irritation—n. Testis, Orchidalgia.
   N E U R A N A G E N N E \S IS, Neuranaph'yeie,
 vtvpov, 'a nerve,' and avaytwuio, 'to regenerate.'
 Regeneration or renewal of a nerve.
   NEURAXAPHYPIS, Neuranao-ennesis.
   NEURAPOPHYSIS, see Vertebras.
   NEURASTHENI'A, Neuradyna'mia,  Debit'-
 itas  nervo'sa.  Debility or impaired  activity of
 the nerves;  from vtvpov, 'a nerve,' and aoQivtia,
 'debility.'—See Irritable.
   NEURECTOMIA, from vtvpov, 'a nerve,' and
 tKTopt), ' excision.'  Excision of a nerve.
    NEURICUS, Nervous.
   NEURILEM'MA, Neurile'ma, Neurily'ma,
 Neu'rymen, Perineu'rion, Fia'tuhj  seu  Tu'bulue
 seu  Cap'eula sen Involu'crum  nervo'rum, Mem-
 bra'na  seu Membran'ula  seu Tu'nica seu Indu-
 men'tum nervo'rum,  Vagina  nervo'rum;   (F.)
 NSvrilime, PSrinlvre ; from vtvpov, ' a nerve,' and
 \tppa, 'a coat.'   The fine transparent, and appa-
 rently  fibrous  membrane  that surrounds   the
 nerves—to every filament of which it forms a true
 canal.
    Robin restricts the term pSrinivre to the struc-
 ture that invests the primitive bundles of nerves;
j and every nervous filament.  It differs from  the
 neurilemma,  in its ordinary acceptation,  which
 forms a coat of  some thickness  in  the  larger
 nerves, and  supports the nutrient vessels, whilst
I the pSrinh-re exhibits no capillaries.
|    NEURILEMMATITIS. Neurilemmas.
!|    NEURILEMMI'TIS, Neurilemviati'tis,  Nut.
H rolemmati'tie, Neurilltie, (F.) NSvrilemite, from 
NEURILITIS             633             NEVROTOME
neurilemma, and  itie, denoting  inflammation.
Same etymon.   Inflammation of the neurilemma.
  NEURILITIS, Neurilemmitis.
  NEURILYMA, Neurilemma.
  NEURINE, Medul'la nervo'rum, (F.) NSvrine,
Albnmine  cSrSbrale ou du cerveau, from vtvpov, ' a
nerve.'  The substance of  which the  nervous
system is composed.   It consists chiefly  of albu-
men and a peculiar fatty matter, associated with
phosphorus.  There are two  kinds of neurine —
the  one  vesicular or  consisting  essentially  of
nerve veeiclee or nerve cells or corpueclee, or, as
they are sometimes  called, from their prevailing
in the ganglia—ganglion  corpuscles and ganglion
globule'e ;  the other, the tubular, formed — as the
word imports — of tubules.  The former is the
cineritioue or cortical nervous matter of tbe older
anatomists ; — the latter, the white or medullary.
The vesicular  neurine  has appeared to be re-
stricted to  the production and distribution  of
nerve-power; the tubular, to  its conduction; yet
the  experiments  of Dr. Brown-Sequard show,
that the  former  conveys  sensitive  impressions
from the posterior spinal roots to the brain.
  NEURISCHIAS, Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea.
  NEURITIC, Nervine.
  NEURI'TIS, Inflamma'tio nervo'rum,  Neuro-
phlogo'eie, Neurophleg'mone, (F.) Inflammation
dea  Nerfa,  NSvrite, from vtvpov,  ' a  nerve,' and
itia, a suffix, denoting inflammation.   Inflamma-
tion of a nerve.
  NEUROBLACI'A, from  vtvpov, 'a nerve,' and
pXaKtta, 'stupor.'   Insensibility of the nerves.
  NEUROCHONDRO'DES,  from vevpov, 'a  si-
new,' xovSpos,  ' a  cartilage,'  and ttios,  ' resem-
blance.'   A bard substance between  a sinew and
a cartilage.
  NEURODES, Nervous.
  NEURODYNAMIA, Nervous power.
  NEURODYNAMIS, Nervous power.
  NEURODYNIA, Neuralgia.
  NEUROGAMIA, Magnetism, animal.
  NEUROG'RAPHY, Neurotfraph'ia ; from vtv-
pov, 'a nerve,'  and  ypatpq,  'a description.'  The
part of anatomy which describes the  nerves.
  NEUROHYPNOL'OGY,   Neurohypnolog"ia,
from vtvpov, ' a  nerve,'  'vttvog, ' sleep,' and Xoyos,
' a treatise.'  A name given by Mr.  Braid to his
theory of magnetic sleep.  See Magnetism, ani-
mal.
  NEURO-HYPNOTISM,  see Magnetism, ani-
mal.
  NEUROLEMMATITIS, Neurilemmitis.
  NEUROL'OGY, Neurolof'ia, (F.) NSvrologie,
from vtvpov, ' a nerve,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'
The part of anatomy which treats of the nerves.
  NEURO'MA, (F.)  NSvrome, from vtvpov,  'a
nerve.'  A morbid enlargement of a nerve.  Ap-
plied to subcutaneous,  circumscribed, and highly
painful  tumours  formed on  the tissue  of  the
nerves ; and likewise to a small, hard, grayish tu-
mour, Neuroma'tion,  Nervous ganglion, painful
Ulbercle, of the size of a pea, which is observed
in the course of nerves, and appears to be formed
from the neurilemma.
  NEUROMALA'CIA;  from vtvpov, 'a nerve,'
and paXaxta, 'softening.'   Softening of nerves.
  NEUROMATION,  Neuroma.
   NEUROMETERES, Psoas.
   NEUROMYELITIS, from vtvpov, 'a nerve,'
pvtXos,  ' marrow,' and itie, denoting inflamma-
tion. Inflammation of the medullary matter of
the nerves.
  NEURON, see Nerve.
  NEURON'OSOS, Neuronu'sos,  from vtvpov, 'a
nerve,' and voaos, ' a disease.'  A disease of the
nerves.           _
  NEURONYG'ME, Neuronyg'mus, Neuronyx'is,
from vtvpov, 'a nerve,'  and  vvypv, 'puncture;"
Punc'tio nervi.  Puncture of a nerve.
  NEUROPATH'IC, Neuropath'icus, from vtvpov,
'a nerve,' and naOos, 'a  disease.'  Belonging to
disease of the nerves, to Neuropathi'a or Neu-
ron'oeoe.
  NEUROPHLEGMONE. Neuritis.
  NEUROPHLOGOSIS, Neuritis.
  NEUROPLAS'TY,  Neuroplas'ticl,  'F.) NSo-
roplastie, from  vtvpov, ' a nerve,' and nXaertaos,
' forming.'  M. Serres applies this term to a gan.
glionary alteration of the peripheral nerves.
  NEUROPYRA, Fever, nervous, Typhus mitior.
  NEUROPYRETUS,  Fever, nervous,  Typhus
nrttior.
  NEURO'SES, (F.)  NSvroeee,  from  vtvpov,  'a
nerve.'  A  generic  name for diseases supposed
to have their seat  in  the nervous system, and
which are indicated by disordered  sensation, vo-
lition, or mental manifestation;  without any evi-
dent lesion  in  the  structure of the parts, and
without  any material   agent producing them.
Such is the usual definition.  Broussais attributes
them to a state of irritation of the brain and spi-
nal marrow.
  NEURO-SKELETON, see Skeleton.
  NEUROSPASMI, see Spasm.
  NEUROSTHENIA,  (F.)   NSvroethSnie, from
vtvpov,  ' a nerve,' and oBtvtia, ' strength.'   Excess
of nervous irritation.  Nervous irritation.
  NEUROTHELIC APPARATUS, Corpus  pa-
pillare.
  NEUROTIC, Nervine.
  NE UROT'ICA.   Diseases of tht nervous func-
tion.   The 4th class of Good's Nosology.
  NEUROTOME, NSvrotome.
  NEUROT'OMY, Neurotom'ia, (F.) NSvrotomie.
Same etymon.  Dissection, of nerves.   Also,  an
incised wound of a nerve.
  NEUROTRO'SIS, Neurotroa'mtta, from vtvpov,
'  a nerve,' and rpmets, 'wounding.'  Nervi vulne-
ra'tio.   Wound or wounding of  a nerve.
  NEUROTROSMUS, Neurotrosis.
  NEURYMEN,  Neurilemma.
  NEUTA, Neutha. A membrane, according to
Paracelsus, which covers the eyes and  ears of tho
foetus in utero.
  NEUTRAL, from neuter,' neither.'  Belonging
to neither in particular.
  Neutral Salts,  Secondary  ealte, (F.) Sets
neutree.  Salts, composed of  two primitive saline
substances, combined  together,  and not  possess-
ing the characters of acid or of  base.
  NEVIS, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Thermal
springs in the department  of  Allier,  France.
Temperature, 136° to 148° Fahrenheit.
  NEVRALGIE, Neuralgia— n. du Foie, Hepa-
talgia—n. dee Reine, Nephralgia—n. de I'UtSrue,
Hysteralgia.
  NEVRILEME, Neurilemma,
  NE VRJLEMITE, Neurilemmitis.
  NEVRINE, Neurine.
  NEVRITE, Neuritis.
  NEVRODYNIE, Neuralgia.
  NEVROLOGIE, Neurology.
  NEVROME, Neuroma.
  NE~VROSE DU CCEUR, Angina pectoris
  NEVROSES, Neuroses.
  NEVROSTHENIE,  Neurosthenia.
  NEVROTHELE, from vtvpov, 'nerve,'  and
SijAfj,  'papilla.'  Concerning the papillae of  the
skin.
  Appareil Nevrothele.   The papillary appa-
ratus, or arrangement of the skin in the aggregate.
—Breschet.
  NSVROTOME, Neurotome,Neurolornue; from 
NEVROTOMIE            63 4                 NIPPLE
ttrpov, 'a nerve,' and rtiivui, 'I cut,' 'I dissect.'
An  instrument used by anatomists to dissect the
nerves.  It is a  long  and very narrow scalpel,
having two edges.
  NEVROTOMIE, Neurotomy.
  NEVUS, Naevus.
  NEW JERSEY, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
In the upper part of  Morris county and  in the
county of Hunterdon,  near the top of Musconet-
cong  mountain,  there are chalybeate springs,
which are resorted to.   See Schooley's Mountain.
  NEW  YORK, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
The chief waters are those of Saratoga, Ballston,
Sharon, and Avon.
  NEXUS STAMINEUS OCULI, Ciliary body.
  NEZ, Nasus.
  NGERENGERE.   A  singular disease, with
the New Zealanders, which Dr. Arthur S.  Thom-
son considers to be a  variety of such diseases as
the Elephantiasis Grsecorum, Lepra of the  Cos-
sacks, Ac, and which he proposes to call Lepra
gangrano'aa.
  NIANDRIA ANOMALA, Anisodus luridus.
  NICARAGUA WOOD, see Caesalpinia.  -
  NIC'COLI SALES. Salta ofi Nickel, (F.) Sela
de  Nickel.  These  salts are  gentle tonics, and
have been  given with  advantage in periodic
headache, and in chlorosis and amenorrhcca. The
dose of the sulphate is gr. ss or gr. j, three times
a dav.
   NICCOLUM.  Nickel.
   NICE, CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate of Nice
possesses some advantages over the neighbour-
ing climates of Provence and Italy,  being free
from the  sirocco of  the latter,  and  protected
 from the mistral of  the former.   Spring is the
 most unfavourable  season.  The climate is very
 dry.   It  has been a great winter retreat for the
 consumptive; but  does not  deserve  the enco-
 miums that have been passed upon it.
   NICKAR TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis.
   NICKEL, Niccolum,  from (G.) Nickel, 'a
 prostitute.'  A term  of  detraction, having been
 applied  by the old German writers to what was
 regarded as a kind of false copper ore.  A white
 malleable metal, s. g. 8-8;  less oxidizable than
 iron.  The sulphate has been given as a tonic in
 the dose  of half a grain to a grain.
   NICODE'MI  O'LEUM,  Oil  ofi Nicode'mue.
 An oil made by digesting, for sometime, — in a
 mixture of white wine and olive oil,—old turpen-
 tine, litharge, aloes, saffron, oxyd of zinc, Ac.
   NICOTIANA,  N.  tabacum —n.  Minor, N.
 rustica.
    Nicotia'na Rus'tica, called after  Nicot, who
  carried it to Europe; N. minor,  Priapei'a, Hyoe-
  cy'amua lu'teus, Engliah or  Wild Tobacco.   Ord.
  Solanacese.  The leaves possess the properties of
  tobacco, but are milder.
    Nicotiana Tab'acum, Nicotia'na,  Herba ta-
  baci, Tabacum,  Petum,  Petun, Hyoecy'amue  Pe-
  ruvia'nue,  Tobacco,   Virgin'ia  tobacco, Drunk-
  wort, (F.) Tabac, Nicotiune.  Tobacco is a violent
  acro-narcotic;  its  properties  seeming to depend
  upon a peculiar principle, Nicotin or Nicotianin.
  It is  narcotic, sedative,  diuretic,  emetic, ca-
  thartic, and errhine.  In incarcerated hernia, it
  is injected, in the form  of smoke or infusion, but
  requires  great  caution.  It  is  extensively  and
  habitually used as an errhine and sialogogue.  The
  infusion is used to kill vermin, and in some cuta-
  neous eruptions.
    NICOTIANE, Nicotiana tabacum.
    NICOTIANIN, see Nicotiana tabacum.
    NICOTIN, see Nicotiana tabacum.
    NICTATIO, Hippus, Nictatio.
    NICTA'TION, Nicta'tio, Nictita'tio, from nic
phariam'ue, Palpebra'tio, Twinkling ofi the eye,
(F.)  CHgnotement,  Cillement.  A rapid  and  re-
peated movement of the eyelids, which open and
shut alternately.   As occasionally  performed, it
is physiological;  if repeatedly, a disease.   It
seems  to  be  executed  chiefly by the motor  7th
pair of nerves; but it is necessary that the  ex-
citor 5th  pair should likewise be in a state of
integrity.
  N ID AMENTUM, Decidua,
  NIDDICK, Nucha.
  NIDOREUX, Nidorous.
  NI'DOROUS, Nidoro'eue, (F.) Nidoreux, from
Nidor,  Cnieea, 'the  smell  of any  thing  burnt,'
Ac.  Having the smell of burnt or corrupt ani-
mal  matter.
  NIDUS, Nidus hirundinis.
  Nidus  Hirun'dinis,  Nidue,  Swallows' Nest.
A deep fossa in the cerebellum — so called from
its fancied resemblance—situate between  the ve-
lum medullare posterius in front, and the nodu-
lus and uvula behind.
  NIEDERBRONN, MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 Salin| waters in the department  of  Bas-Rhin,
 France, which contain  chloride of sodium,  sul-
 phate of magnesia, and carbonio acid.
  NIELLE, Nigella.
  NIEPA BARK, see Samadera Indica.
  NIGELLA. Coptis.
   Nigel'la, N. Sativa; Ord. Ranunculacese; (ni-
 grella, from niger, 'black.)  Melan'thium,  Cumi'-
 num Nigrum, Fennel flower, Nutmeg flower, Devil
 in a bueh, (F.) Nigelle, Nielle, Faux cumin, Fleur
 Sainte-Catherine.  This small southern European
 and Syrian plant was formerly used medicinally
 as an  expectorant and deobstruent, errhine, sia-
 logogue,  Ac.
   NIGELLE, Nigella.
   NIGHT-BLINDNESS,  Hemeralopia.
   NIGHT EYES, Crusta genu  equinae—n. Mare,
 Incubus.
   NIGHTSHADE^  AMERICAN,  Phytolacca
 decandra—n. Bittersweet,  Solanum dulcamara—
 n. Common, Solanum — n. Deadly, Atropa bella-
 donna— n. Enchanter's, Circaea Lutetiana — n.
 Garden, Solanum—n. Palestine, Solanum sanc-
 tum— n. Stinking, Hyoscyamus niger — n. Vine,
  Solanum  dulcamara—n.  Woody, Solanum dul-
  camara.       v
   NIGREDO A  SOLE, Ephelides.
   NIGRITA, Negro.
   NIGRITIES,Melanopathia—n. Ossium, Caries.
    NIGRITISM,  Melanopathia.
   NIGRITUDO, Melanosis—n. Pulmonum, Me-
  lanosis pulmonum.
    NIGROMANTIA, Necromancy.
    NIGROR, Melasma.
    NIGRUM OCULI, Pupil.
    NIHIL ALBUM, Zinci oxydum—n. Griseum,
  Zinci oxydum.
    NILIACUM, Mel.
    NIMA QUAS.SIOUDES, Sima'ba quaesioidee,
  a native of  Nepal' and the Himalaya mountains,
  is as bitter as quassia, and is used like it.
    NINDSIN, Sium ninsi.
    NINE BARK, Spiraea opulifolia.
    NINE-DAY FITS, Trismus nascentium.
    NINSI, Sium ninsi.
    NINPING, Panax quinquefolium.
    NINZIN, Sium ninsi.
    NIPPLE,  Sax. nypele.  The  Teat,  Tit, Tet,
  Dug,Pap,(0\d Eng.) Neble, Titty; Acromae'tium,
  Uber, Staph'ylie, Staphyl'ium, Bubona, Mammil-
  la, Jlammella,  Papilla, P. mamma, U'berie
  apex, Thele, Tit'the,  Titthoe,  Tilthion, Titthie
  (F.) Mamelon, Bout de eein. The conical tubercle
  situate at the centre of the breast.  Towards the
  central  part of  each  breast  the skin   changes
fare, nictatum, ' to wink.'  Clonus nictita'tio, Ble- ii colour, and assumes a rosv tint in vonno- f«n,„i 
NIPPLEWORT              635                NODOSIA
or a reddish brown in those who have suckled
several children.  The circle is called the Areola
or Aureola of the nipple.  The nipple is capable
of erection on being excited.
   Nipple, Artificial, Bout de Sein.
   NIPPLEWORT, Lapsana.
   NIRLES, Herpes phlycteenodes.
   NIRMALLEES, Strychnos potatorum.
   NIRMILLIES, Strychnos  potatorum.
   NISUS,  Nixus,  Peira,  Straining, from  Lat.
nitor, nieus, and nixus, 'to endeavour.' A volun-
tary retention of the  breath,  so  as to force down
the diaphragm ; the abdominal muscles being at
the same time contracted forcibly.  In this man-
ner the contents of the abdomen are compressed;
and the  evacuation  of the faeces, urine,  Ac, is
effected.
   Nisus, Effort — n.  Formativus,  Plastic force.
   Nisus Parturientium.  The  efforts or forcing
during parturition.
   NITEDULA, Cicindela.
   NITON,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.   These
springs in  the Isle of  Wight contain iron,  and
 sulphate of alumina  and potassa.
   NITRAS,  Nitrate — n.  Hydrargyricus,  see
 Hydrargyri nitras — n.  Hydrargyrosus, Hydrar-
 gyri nitras—n. Kalicus, Potassae nitras—n. Lix-
 iviae, Potassae nitras—n. Natricum, Soda, nitrate
 of—n. Plumbicus, Plumbi  nitras — n. Potassae
 cum sulphure fusus,  Potassae  nitras  fusus  sul-
 phatis  paucillo  mixtus — n. Sub-bismuthicum,
 Bismuth, sub-nitrate of.
   NI'TRATE, Nitras, Az'otate.   A salt,  formed
 of a base and nitric acid.  Several  nitrates are
 employed in medicine.
   NITRATE ACIDE  DE MERCURE, see
 Hydrargyri nitras—n. d'Ammoniaque, Ammoniae
 nitras—n. d'Argent, Argenti nitras—n. Mercureux,
 Hydrargyri nitras.
   NITRE,  Potassae  nitras — n. Cubic, Soda, ni-
 trate of.
   NITRIC, Ni'tricue, (F.) Nitrique, from  nitrum,
 'nitre.'  Appertaining or relating to  nitre.
   Nitric Acid,  Acidum nitricum seu azo'ticum
 seu eep'ticum seu nicrt, Aqua fiortie, Nitroue acid,
 Spir'itus nitri duplex seu  nitrt fumans seu nitri
 Glaube'ri seu nitri ac"idue, Azot'ic acid, Dephlo-
 gislicated nitrous acid, Oxyeepton'ic acid,  (F.)
 Acide  nitrique ou azotique.  Nitric acid is ob-
 tained from nitre—Nitrate ofi potaeea.  Its odour
 is suffocating; taste  very acid and caustic.   It is
 corrosive,  liquid,  colourless,  and   transparent.
 S. g. 1-500.
   Strong nitric acid  is rarely used except as an
 application to foul,  indolent ulcers, or to warts.
 When given internally, ifr is in the  form of the
 Acidum Ni'tricum dilu'tum, Spir'itua nitri eim-
 plex  seu  wi'tri  vulga'rie—Diluted  nitric acid,
 which, in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States,
 consists of nitric acid,  f^i,  water, i^ix by mea-
 sure.   Diluted largely with water, it is used,- as a
 drink in fevers of the  typhoid  kind; in  chronic
 affections  of the liver,  syphilis, Ac.; but in the
 latter affections, it is not to be depended upon.
   NITROGEN, from virpov, 'nitre,' and ytwata,
 ' I generate.'  Azote.
   Ni'trogen, Ga'seous Oxide op, Nitroue oxide,
 Prot'/x'ide of nitrogen or ofi azote, Paradiae, In-
 toxicating or Laughing gae, Dephlogie'ticated ni-
 troue gae,  Gae azot'icum oxygena'tum.  This gas,
 when  respired,  produces singular effects; great
 mental and corporeal excitement; and, generally,
 so much exhilaration as to render the appellation,
 " laughing gae" by no  means inappropriate.  It
  has not  been much  used in medicine, although
 recommended in  paralysis.  Its effects  are too
 violent and too transient to render  it a valuable
 remedial agent; and, in the delicate, it has been
productive of unpleasant effects, inducing  palpi-
tation, fainting, and convulsions.
  Nitrogen, Protoxide of, Nitrogen, gaseoua
oxide of.
  NITROGENE, Azote.
  NITROGENIUM, Azote.
  NI'TROGENIZED, A'zoted,  A'zotized,  (F.)
AzotS.  Containing nitrogen or azote :—as a ni-
trogenized, azoted, or azotized aliment.
  NITRO-MURIAT'IC  ACID, Ac"idum nitro-
murialicinn seu muriaticum nitro'so-oxygena'turn,
Mena'truum  auri, Nitro-hydrochlor'ic or Hydro-
chloro-nitric acid, Aqua regia seu st.yg"ia seu regis
Chrysalea, (F.)  Eau  rSgale.   A mixture  of the
nitric and muriatic acids, has been used in dis-
eases of the liver, in  the form of a bath for the
feet and  legs, made sharply acidulous.  It has,
also, been employed,  and with more  uniform re-
sults, in cutaneous affections.   Whatever advan-
tage it may  posses in internal diseases—and these
advantages  are  doubtful—they are probably de-
pendent upon the chlorine formed by the mixture,
or upon the properties possessed by the mineral
acids in general.  See Chlorine.
   The Acidum nitro-muriaticum of the Pharma-
copoeia of the United States is formed by mixing
four fluidounces  of  nitric  acid  with  eight of
muriatic acid.
   NITROUS OXIDE, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide of.
   NITRUM, Natron, Potassae nitras — n. Anti-
quorum, Soda — n. Cubicum, Soda, nitrate  of—
n.  Factitium, Borax — n. Flammans,  Ammonias
nitras — n.  Lunare, Argenti nitras—n. Prismati-
cum,  Potassae  nitras — n.  Rhomboidale,  Soda,
nitrate of—n. Saturninum, Plumbi nitras—n. Vi-
 triolatum Schroederi, Potassae sulphas—n. Tabu-
 latum, Potassae  nitras fusus  sulphatis  paucillo
 mixtus—n. Vitriolatum, Potassae sulphas.
   NIX, Snow—n. Fumans, Calx viva—n. Zinci,
 Zinci oxydum.
   NIXUS, Nisus—n. Parturientium, Nisus par-
 turientium.
   NOAH'S ARK, Cypripedium luteum.
   NOBLE, Nob'ilis.   Principal, Essential.
   Noble Parts, Partes essentia'les.  Some ana-
 tomists have given this name to parts, without
 which life cannot exist; such as the heart, liver,
 lungs, brain, Ac.  The organs of generation have,
 likewise, been so called.
   NOCAR, vwieap, Torpor Soporif'icue.  Lethargic
 torpor.
   NOCTAMBULATIO, Somnambulism.
   NOCTAMBULISMUS, Somnambulism.
   NOCTAMBULUS. Somuambulist.
   NOCTISURGIUM, Somnambulism.
   NOCTUI'NI OC'ULI.  Gray or  blue eyes.—
 Castelli.
   NOCTURNA BELLA, Coitus.
   NOCTUR'NAL, Noctur'nue, Nycter'inue, from
 nox, noctie, ' night.'  Relating to night, as Febris
 noctur'na seu  nycter'ina.  A fever  occurring in
 the night.
   NODDING, Annuitio, Nutatio.
   NODDLEPOX, Syphilomania.
   NODE, Nodue, Emphy'ma exoeto eie perioe'tea,
 (F.) NodositS,  Noeud; from Hebr. 1J, 'a heap.'
 A hard  concretion or incrustation, which forms
 around joints attacked with rheumatism or gout.
 Some include,  under this name, exostoses, arti-
 cular calculi,  ganglions, and even the  chronic
 swellings of the  joints known under the name
 of white swellings.
   NODES, Edentulus.
   NODI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges  of
 the fingers—n.  Lactea, Infarctus mammae lacteua
 —n. Nervorum, Ganglions, nervous—n. Hsemor
 rhoidales, see Haemorrhois.
   NODOI, Nefrendes.
1   NODOSIA, see Nefrendes. 
NODOSITE'              636              NOSOGENIA
  NODOSITE, Node.                         I
  NODULI  ARAN'TII,  Noduli   Morgagn'ii,
Cor'pora Aran'tii.  The small sesamoid  bodies
situate on the periphery of the semilunar valves
of the aorta and pulmonary artery for the better
occlusion of the artery.
  Noduli Morgagnu, Noduli Arantii — n. Ner-
vorum, Ganglions, nervous.
  NOD'ULUS, diminutive of nodue,  'a knot.'  A
small knot A small prominence or lobule in the
portion of the cerebellum, which forms the poste-
rior  boundary of the  fourth ventricle.   The
nodulus  is on the median line, and before the
uvula.   See Vermiform process, inferior.
  NODULUS  UTERINUS,  Pessary.
  NODUS,  Articulation,  Edentulus, Encystis,
Hamma—n. Cerebri, Pons Varolii — n. Chirurgi-
cus,  Knot,  surgeon's — n. Encephali, Noeud de
VEncSphale, Pons Varolii—n. Hystericus, Angone
—n. Vitae,  Centrum vitale.
  NOESIS, Intellect.
  NQ2UD, Node — n. du Chirurgien, Knot, sur-
geon's—n. d'Emballeur, Knot, packer's.
  NCEUD  DE  L'ENCEPHALE  (¥.), Nodue
Enceph'ali.  M.  Cruveilhier,  under  this name,
includes the pons  Varolii, peduncles of the cere-
brum and cerebellum,  and the tubercula quadri-
gemina.
  N03UD  VITAL. Centrum vitale.
  N&UDS, Calculi, arthritic.
  NOIR ANIMAL, Carbo  animalis —n. d'Oe,
Carbo animalis.
  NOISE TIER,  Corylus avellana.
  NOISETTE, Corylus avellana (nut).
  NOIX, Juglans regia (nux) — n.  AmSricaine,
Jatropha curcas—n. dee Barbadee, Jatropha cur-
cas—n.  Cathartique, Jatropha curcas—n. d'Eau,
Trapa natans—n. de Galle, see Quercus infectoria
— n. d'Igaeur, Ignatia amara—n. de Serpent, see
Thevetia Ahouai — n. Vomique, see Strychnos
nux vomica.
  NOLA CULINARIA, Anemone Pulsatilla.
  NOLI ME TANGERE, Lupus, see Chancreux
(Bouton.)
  NOMA,  Cancer aquaticus — n. Pudendorum,
Colpocace infantilis.
  NOMAD, Nomade, Nomas, (vouas,  vouaSos,)
from vo^>7, 'pasturage.' An epithet given to people
who have  no fixed habitation, and who travel,
with their  flocks, from  country  to  country, for
pasturage.  Such are  the Tartars.   By analogy,
the word Nomad'ic has been applied to a spreading
ulcer.
  NOMBRIL, Umbilicus — n. de VSnus, Cotyle-
don umbilicus.
 . NOME, Cancer aquaticus,  Phagedenic ulcer.
  NO'MENCLATURE,   Nomencla'tio,   Nomen-
clatu'ra, Onomatolog"ia, Onomatocle'eie, Termon-
ol'ogy,  Terminology,  Gloeaology,   Oriemol'ogy,
from ovopa, ' name,' and eaXtia, ' I call.'   A col-
lection of terms or words peculiar to a science or
art.  In  all sciences,  nomenclature  is an object
of importance;  and each term should convey to
the student a definite  meaning.  The Lavoisier-
ian  nomenclature was  a valuable  gift  to  che-
mistry ; and anatomy has derived advantage from
the labours of Barclay, Dumas, and Chaussier,
who have given names to parts indicative of their
situation.  See  Muscle.  The nomenclature of
pathology  has required the  greatest attention:
and although repeated attempts have been made
to improve it, the barbarous  terms that disgrace
it  are still  frequently adopted.  It  consists of
Hebrew  and  Arabic terms;   Greek and Latin,
French, Italian, Spanish, German, English, and
even Indian, African, and Mexican ; often bar-
barously and illegitimately compounded.   A want
of principle in founding the technical terms of
medicine is every where observable.   They have i
been  formed: — 1.  From colour;  as Melama^
Melae, Atrabilie,  Leuce,  Alphoe, Chloroeia, Ru-
beola, Scarlatina, Purpura, Ac.  2.  From  dura-
tion ; as ephemeral, quotidian,  tertian, and quar-
tan,  continued,  and  intermittent,  Ae.  8.  From
Birde, Beasta,  Fiehee, Ineects,  nnd/ Plante ;  as
Rabiee canina,  Cynanche, Boulimia, Pica, Hip-
popyon, Elephantiasis,  Urticaria,  Lichen, Ich-
thyo'eie, Ac.  4.  From  Persons or  Places; as
Morbus Herculeus, Fades Hippocratica,  Lepra
Arabian, Plica Polonica, Sudor Anglicua, Morbus
Gallicus,  Ignis  Sancti Antonii, Chorea Sancti
Viti,  Ac.
  NOMUS. Cancer aquaticus.
  NON-COMPOS, Lunatic.
  Non-Compos Mentis, Lunatic.
  NON-NAT'FRALS, Non natura'lia.  Under
this  term  the ancient physicians  comprehended
air, meat,  and drink, sleep and watching, motion
and rest, the  retentions and excretions, and the
affections  of the mind.  They were so called, be-
cause they affect  man without entering into bis
composition, or constituting his nature ; but yet
are so necessary that h% cannot live without them.
  NONPLACENTAL, see Placental.
  NON-SANE, Insane.
  NON-STRIATED MUSCULAR  FIBRE, see
Muscular  fibre.
  NONUS  HUMERI   PLACENTINI,  Teres
minor — n. Linguae musculus, Genio-glossus — n.
Vesalii, Peronaeus tertius.
  NQOS,  Intellect
  NORICE, Nurse.
  NORMA VERTICALIS, see Normal.
  NORMAL, Norma'lis, from norma, 'a perpen-
dicular,'  'a rule.'  According  to rule; perpen-
dicular.
  The normal line, norma vertica'lie, of Blumen-
bach, is a vertical line let fall from the promi-
nence of the frontal bone and  shaving the supe-
rior  maxillary,  39 as to mark  the projection of
the latter  bone beyond the arch of the forehead.
  NORRIS'S DROPS, see Antimonium tartari-
zatum.
  NORTH CAROLI'NA, MINERAL WATERS
OF.   The chief springs are the Warm and  Hot
Springe of  Buncombe.   Temperatures varying
from  94°*to  104° Fahr.   They have not much
mineral impregnation, and have  the properties
of the thermal waters in general.
  NORTON'S DROPS, Liquor hydrargyri oxy-
muriatis.
  NORYSS, Nurse.
  NOSACERUS, Sickly.
  NOSE,  Nasus —n. Bleed, Epistaxis.
  Nose, Running at the, Coryza.
  NOSELI'A, voariXtia, Noeocome'eie, Nosocomi'a,
from  voaos, 'disease.'  Care of the sick.
  NOSEMA, Disease.
  NOSENCEPH'ALUS,  (F.) NoeencSphale, from
voaos, 'disease,' and eyxtipaXos, 'brain.'  A mon-
ster whose skull is open  only on the frontal and
parietal regions, the  posterior fontanelle being
distinctly  present.
  NOSEROS, Insalubrious, Sick.
  NOSEUMA,  Disease.
  NOSOCOMESIS, Noselia,
  NOSOCOMIA,  Noselia.
  NOSOCOMIAL,  Nosocomials,  from voook»-
ptiov, (voaos, 'a  disease,' and eoutie,  'I  take care
of,') 'an hospital.' Relating to an hospital, — aa
' nosocomial or hospital fever.'
  NOSOCOMIUM, Hospital.
  NOSOCOMUS, Infirmier.
  NOSOCRATIC, Specific.
  NOSODES, Insalubrious, Sick, Sickly.
  NOSODOCHTUM, Hospital.
  NOSOGENESIS, Pathogeny
  NOSOGENIA,  Pathogeny. 
NOSOGENY                637                   NOW
  WOSOGENY, Pathogeny.
  NOSOGEOGRAPHY, Geography, medical.
  NOSOG'RAPHY, Nosograph'ia, from voaos, 'a
disease,' and ypaipm, ' I describe.'  A description
of diseases.
  NOSOL'OGY, Nosolog"ia, from voaos,  ' a  dis-
ease,' and Xoyos,' a discourse.' A name given to that
part of medicine whose object is the classification
of  diseases.   The  most celebrated  nosological
systems have been those of Sauvages (1763), Lin-
naeus (1763), Vogel (1764),  Sagar (1776), Mac-
bride (1772), Cullen (1772), Darwin (1796), Selle,
Crichton (1804), Parr (1809), Swediaur  (1812),
Pinel (1813), Young (1813), Good (1817),  Hosack
(1818;, Ac.   Besides these general nosographies,
others have  been published on  Surgery exclu-
sively, none of which are particularly worthy of
enumeration amongst nosological systems.   No-
sological arrangements have,  also, been  formed
of single families or groups of diseases.   Plenck,
of Baden, is the author of two different treatises
of this kind:  the one, a methodical arrangement
of the diseases of the eyes, and the other, of cu-
taneous diseases.  Dr.  Willan published an ar-
rangement of cutaneous diseases, which was com-
pleted by Dr.  Bateman, and  adopted into the
Nosology  of Dr. Hosack.  Mr. Abernethy, also,
published a methodical classification of tumours,
and many other partial nosological classifications
might be enumerated.  Also, Pathology.  .
   NOSON'OMY, Nosonom'ia, from voaos, 'a dis-
ease,' and  ovopa, 'name.'  The nomenclature of
diseases.
   NOSOPH'YTA, from voaos,' disease,' and ipvrov,
' a plant.'  A disease supposed to be produced by,
or  to  consist in the development of parasitic
plants—as porrigo, mentagra, Ac.—Gruby.
   NOSOPCE'US,  Nosopoelicue, from  voaos, 'dis-
ease,' and  Ttoitta,  ' I make.'   That which causes
disease.
   NOSOS, Disease.           f
   NOSOTAX'Y, Noaotax'ia, from voaos,  '.a dis-
ease,' and rafts, 'arrangement' The distribution
and classification of diseases.
   NOSOTHEO'RIA,  from voaos, 'disease,'  and
Sewpia,  'doctrine.'  The doctrine or  theory of
disease.
   NOSTAL'GIA, from voaros, 'return,' 'a jour-
ney home,' and aXyos, 'pain.'  Noetoma'nia, Noa-
tras'aia, Apodemialgia, Pathopatridalgia, Pato-
patridalgia, Philopatridulgia, Philopatridoma'-
nia, Ademon'ia, Ademoa'yne, Home-eickneae,  (F.)
Noatalgie, Maladie du paye.  An affection pro-
duced by the desire of returning to one's country.
It  is commonly attended by slow wasting, and
sometimes  by hectic, which  may  speedily induce
death.  M. Pinel properly regards it as a variety
of melancholy.
   NOSTOMANIA,  Nostalgia.
   NOSTRASSIA, Nostalgia.
   NOSTRILS, Nares.
   NOSTRUM, Arcanum.
   Nostrum,  Chittick's.  An  empirical  remedy
for sltone in the bladder, said to  be a solution of
alkali in veal-broth.
   NOTA  MATERNA,  Naevus —n.  Primitiva,
Groove, primitive.
   NOT.E INFANTUM, Naevi.
   NOTAL. Dorsal.
   NOTAL'GIA,  Notial'gia, (Noatalgia, impro-
perly, of Kochlin and others,) from  vwros,  'the
back,' and aXyos,' pain.' Pain in the back. Spinal
irritation.
   NOTANENCEPHALIA, see Notencephalus.
   NOTCH,  Teut Nooke,  Ital.  Nocchia, Emar-
gina'tio, Emarginatu'ra,  (F.)  Echancrure.   A
depression or indentation of different  shape and
size, observed on the circumference or edges of
certain bones.
  Notch op the Concha, Incisura tragica.
  Notch.  Ethmoid'al, (F.) Echancrure ethmou
dale, is situate on the frontal bone, and joins the
ethmoid.
  Notches, Ischiat'ic, (F.) Echancruree lechia-
tiquea, are two in number: — the greater and the
less.  The former is large,  situate at the inferior
part of the pelvis, and formed by the sacrum and
ilium.  It gives passage to the sciatic nerve, py-
ramidalis muscle, and to the superior gluteal ves-
sels and nerves.  The latter is much smaller than
the other, from which it is separated by the sciatic
spine.  It gives passage to the tendon of the ob-
turator internus, and to the internal pudic vessels
and nerves.
  Notch, Parot'id, (F.)  Echancrure parotidi-
enne, is the triangular space comprised between
the parotid edge  of the inferior maxillary  bone
and  the  mastoid process; so  called, because it
lodges  the parotid gland.   The notches  in  soft
parts are generally called Fissures.
  Notch, Scap'ular,  Inciau'ra ecapula'rie, Lu'-
nula ecap'ula, (F.) Echancrure acapulairs.  The
notch on the superior edge or coeta of the scapula,
which is converted into a foramen by means of a
ligament, and gives passage to the suprascapular
nerve.
  Notch)  Semilunar op  the  Sternum, Four-
chette.
  NOTENCEPHALIA, see Notencephalus.
  NOTENCEPH'ALUS, from vmros,  'the back,'
and  tyKtipaXos, 'the brain.'   A monster whose
head, with the brain, is  on tbe back.  The con-
dition  is  termed Noteneepha'lia and Notanen-
cepha'lia.—I. G. St. Hiliare.
  NOTHEUSIS,  Degeneration.
  NOTHIA, Degeneration.
  NOTHROTES, Torpor.
  NOTHUS, False.
  NOTIiEUS, Dorsal — n. Myelus, Medulla spi-
nalis.
  NOTIALGIA, Notalgia.
  NOTOM'ELES, from vmros,  'the  back,'  and
ptXtos,  'unprofitable.'  A  monster with super-
fluous flesh on the back.
  NOTOMYELITIS,  Myelitis.
  NOTOMYELUS, Medulla spinalis.
  NOTON, Dorsum.
  NOTOS, Dorsum, Vertebral column
  NOUAGE DE LA CORNEE, Caligo.
  NOUE, (Bandage) (F.); 'knotted,' from nodue,
'a knot'   A bandage which  has a considerable
number of knots placed over  each other.  It is
made with a roller, 6  or 7 ells long, rolled into
two  balls, and is  used  to compress  the  parotid
region, after the extirpation of the parotid gland.
  Also, an epithet applied to  children in whom
the disease of rickets has swollen the articula-
tions.
  It is, likewise, applied to the gout when it has
caused nodes on the joints.
  NOUET (F.), Nod'ulue.   A bag filled  with
medicinal  substances,  and infused  in a liquid to
communicate their properties  to it.
  NOUFFER'S,  MADAME,   REMEDY, Poly-
podium filix mas.
  NOURRICE. Nurse.
  NOURRICIER, Nutritious.
  NOURRITURE, Aliment.
  NOUS, Intellect.
  NOUURE,  Rachitis.
  NOUVEAU-NE (¥.),  ('new-born,')  Neona-
tue, nuperriml Natite, Neog'enes, Neng'ilee, Neog'-
ilne, Neog'onue, Neog'nue, Infans  recene  natue.
That which has been just  born.  A new-born
infant.
  NOVACULA, Razor.
  NOW, Vertex. 
NOYAU                638             NUTRITIOUS
  NO YA U, see Cytoblast
  NOYAU CENTRAL DES PEDONCULES
DU  CERVELET, Corpus dentatum.
  NO YER, Juglans  regia,—n. de Ceylon, Adha-
toda.
  NOYRIS, Nurse.
  NUAGE, Nebula.
  NUBECULA, Enaeorema, Nebula.
  NUBES, Enaeorema, Nebula.
  NU'BILE,  Nilbilie, 'marriageable,'  'fit to
marry.'   Generally, tbe period of puberty is con-
sidered  to  be  the  age at which both sexes are
nubile.  They  are truly  nubile, however,  only
when they are fitted to  procreate  healthy and
vigorous children, and are competent to discharge
their duties as  parents.
  NUBIL'ITY, Nubilitae, (F.) NubilitS;  same
etymon.  The  state of being nubile or marriage-
able.
  NUBILOSUS, Nepheloid.
  NUCES  AQUATICS,  see  Trapa natans — n.
Quercfls, see Quercus alba.
  NUCHA, In'ium,  Nucha eap'itie, (F.) Nuque.
The  nuke,  hinder part  or nape  of the  neck,
(Prov.)  Niddick.   The  part where  the spinal
marrow begins.
  Ligamen'tum Nucha.  A strong ligament from
the neck, proceeding  from one spinous process to
another, and inserted into the occipital bone. It
is very  strong  in quadrupeds.  It is called in
them Paxywaxy,  Paxwax, Packwax, formerly,
Faxwax, and Taxwax.
  NUCHAL RE'GION,  Re'gio nucha seu n«-
cha'lie seu occipita'lie infe'rior, from nucha.  The
region of the nucha or nape of the neck.
  NUCISTA, see Myristica moschata.
  NUCK, CANAL OF.  A  small  prolongation
of the peritoneum often  sent into the inguinal
eanal of the female foetus. So called from Nuck,
who  first described it.
  NU'CLEATED, Nuclea'tus, from nucleue, ' a
kernel.'  Having  a nucleus or  central particle.
Applied to  the elementary cells  of organized tis-
sues ; the vital properties of which are seated in
the nucleus.  See Cytoblast.
  NUCLEATED  CELL,  see Cytoblast
  NUCLEI CEMBR^E, see  Pinus  Cembra —n.
Ossei, Ossification, points of—n.  Pineae, see Pinus
pine a.
  NUCLEIN,  see Globules of the blood.
  NUCL.EOLE, see Cytoblast.
  NUCLEOLULE, see Cytoblast.
  NUCLEOLUS,  see Cytoblast.
  NUCLEUS,  see Cytoblast—n. Blastodermatis,
Tache embryonnaire—n. Centralis, Corpus denta-
tum — n. Cicatriculae,  Tache  embryonnaire — n.
Dentatus, Corpus  dentatum — n. Dentis, Dental
pulp — n. Encased,  Cytoblast — n.  Fimbriatus,
Corpus dentatum — n. Furunculi, see Furunculus
— n. Germinal, see Molecule — n. Germinativus,
see Molecule — n. Olivae,  Corpus dentatum — n.
Ossificationis, Ossification, point of—n. Rhom-
boidalis, see Corpus dentatum.
  NUCULA TERRESTRIS,  Bunium bulbocas-
tanum.
  NUKE, Nucha.
  NULE-KNEED, Entogonyancon.
  NUMERICAL METHOD, see Method, nume-
rical.
  NUM'MULAR,  Nummula'rie.   Relating to
money,  from nummue, 'money.' An epithet ap-
plied to  the sputa in  phthisis, when  they flatten
at the bottom of the vessel, like a piece of money,
and to the  mode of aggregation of the red cor-
puscles of the blood—'nummular rolls.'
  NUMMULARIA, Lysimachia nummularis.
  NUMPOST,  Abscess.
  NUPHAR  AD'VENA, Nympha'a  ad'vena,
Yilloie Pond  Lily, Spatterdock. Order,  Nym-
|i pheaceae ; indigenous in Canada and the United
 States.  The root is a popular tonic, and  the
 fresh root bruised is applied as a cataplasm.
   Nuphar Luteum,  Nymphaea lutea.
   NUQUE, Nucha.
   NURICE, Nurse.
   NURSE, Sax.  no pice, Nutrix, (from nourieh,
 itself from nutrire,)  Tithe'ne,  Trephou'ea,  Lac-
 tone, Lac'ticane, Nn'triene, Thelae'tria, Mamma,
 (I.)  Nutrice, (F.)  Nourrice, (Sc.) Noyrie,  Ncryee,
 Nurice, Norice.  One who suckles her  own child
 or another's.  Also,  one that has the  care of a
 sick person, Care-taker, (F.) Garde-malade.
   Nurse, Dry.   One who gives every care to a
 ehild, but does not suckle it.
   Nurse, Monthly.  One who attends a woman
 during the month of her parturient state.
   Nurse,  Wet,  (Sc.) Milkwoman.   A  female,
 who suckles the child of another.
   To 'uuree artificially,' is to bring up a child by
 the hand.
   NUS, Intellect.
   NUSUS, Disease.
   NUT,  BRAZILIAN, see Pichurim beans —n.
 Butter, Juglans einerea — n.  Cembros,  see Pinus
 cembra — n. Clearing, Strychnos potatorum — n.
 French, Juglans  regia — n. Para, see  Pichurim
 beans—n. Physic, Jatropha curcas—n. Pine, see
 Pinus picea—n. Pistachio, see  Pistacia vera—n.
 Poison, see Strychnos nux vomica — n. Purging,
 see Jatropha and  Croton tiglium—n. Rattle, Ne-
 lumbium  luteum —  n. Sassafras,  see  Pichurim
 beans—n. Soap, see Sapindus saponaria.
   Nut Tree, Malabar, Adhatoda.
   Nut, Vomic, see  Strychnos nux vomica — n.
 Zirbel, see Pinus picea.
   NCTA'TION, Nuta'tio, from nutare, nutatum,
 'to nod.'  Nodding.   Also, a  constant oscillation
 of the head, by which it moves involuntarily in
 one  or more directions.
   NUTATOR CAPITIS,  Sterno-cleido-mastoi-
 deus.          •
   NUTMEG, see Myristica moschata—n. Butter,
 see  Myristica — n.  Flower,  Nigella—n. Liver,
 Liver, nutmeg.
   NUTMEGS. Testes.
   NUTRICATIO, Nutrition.
   NUTRICIER,  Nutritious.
   NUTRICIUS, Nutritious.
   NUTRIENS, Aliment, Nurse.
   NUTRIMEN, Aliment.
   NUTRIMEN'TAL, Nutrimenta'lie, Aliment'al,
 Alimen'tary, Alimenta'lie, (F.) Alimenteux,  from
 nulrimen, 'aliment'  Having the qualities of food
 or nutriment.
   NUTRIMENTUM, Ailment, Pabulum.
   NUTRIT"ION, Nutril'io,  Nutrica'tio, Nutri'-
 tue,  Alitu'ra,  Threpeie, from  nutrire,  nntritttm,
 'to nourish.'   Nutrition is that function by which
 the  nutritive  matter already elaborated  by the
 various organic actions, loses its own nature, and
 assumes that of the different living tissues,— to
 repair their losses  and maintain their  strength.
 Sometimes the word is used in a more extended
 signification, to express the whole series of ac-
 tions by which the  two constant movements  of
 composition and decomposition are accomplished,
 in organized bodies.  Nutrition, then, would com-
 prehend digestion, absorption, respiration, circu-
 lation, and assimilation; the  latter being nutri-
 tion,  properly  so  called, and  being  effected  in
 the  intermediate system over the whole of the
 body, — the cells of  the tissues  attracting from
 the blood the  elements necessary for their repa-
 ration.
   Nutrition, Force  op, Plastic force.
   NUTRIT"IOUS, Nutric"iue, Nn'tritive, Alib'-
 Hie,  Trophi'moe, Tropho'dee, (F.) Nourricier, Nu-
 tricier,  Alibile.   Same etymon.  Having  the 
NUTRITIVE              639            NYMPHOTOMY
quality of nourishing:  as nutritious  food, nutri-
tious lymph, Ae.
  Nutritious or Nu'tritive Arteries, (F.) Ar-
tlree nutricieree.   Arterial branches which enter
the foramina nutricia  of long bones, and pene-
trate to the medullary  membrane.
  NU'TRITIVE, Nutritious, (F'.) Nutritif. Also,
relating  to  nutrition:  hence the 'nutritive func-
tions,' or those that are concerned  in nutrition.
  NUTRITUS, Aliment, Nutrition.
  NUTRIX, Mamma, Nurse.
  NUTS, WATER, Nelumbium luteum.
  NUX AROMATICA, see Myristica moschata
—n. Avellana, Corylus avellana (nut)—n. Barba-
densis, Jatropha curcas—n. Becuiba, Ibicuiba—
n.  Cathartica  Americana, Jatropha curcas — n.
 Gallae, see  Quercus cerris — n. Juglans,  Juglans
regia—n. Medica, Coco of the  Maldives—n. Me-
tella, Strychnos nux vomica—n. Methel, Datura
 stramonium — n.  Moschata, see Myristica mos-
 chata—n. Myristica, see Myristica moschata—n.
 Pistacia, see Pistacia  vera — n. Unguentaria, see
 Myristica moschata — n. Vomica,  Strychnos nux
 vomica.
   NYCTALOPE, see Nyctalopia.
   NYCTALOPEX, see Nyctalopia.
   NYCTALO'PIA, from  vu£, wktos, 'night,' and
 oirropat,  'I  see;' Parop'aia Lucifi'uga, Nyctalopl-
 aaie, Ca'citae diur'na,  Vieue noctur'nue, Oxyo'pia,
 Hemeralo'pia (moderns), Amblyo'pia meridia'na,
 Hemeratyphlo'eie, Hemerotyphlo'eie, Photophob'ia,
 Photophobophthalmia, Dyao'pia   lu'minia, Viaua
 a'crior,   Nyc'talopy,   Dayblindne88,   Diur'nal
 amauro'eie,  (F.)   Vue  nocturne, Aveuglement  de
Jour.  The  faculty of seeing  during the night,
 with privation of the faculty during the day.  It
 affects both eyes  at once, when idiopathic.  Its
 duration is uncertain, and treatment very obscure.
 It  is, however, a  disease of nervous irritability,
and one of excitement of the visual nerve in par-
ticular.  The indications of cure will consequently
be — to  allay direct irritation  fn  every  way: to
excite counter-irritation by blisters; and to gra-
dually accustom  the  eye to  the  impression of
' light.
  One labouring under this affection is called a
Nyc'talope, Nyc'talope, Nyctalo'pex.
  Nyctalopia has also been used for night blind-
ness.  See Hemeralopia.
  NYCTALOPS, seo Nyctalopia.
  NYCTALOPY, Nyctalopia.
  NYCTERINUS, Nocturnal.
  NYCTIIEMERON,  see Dies.
  NYCTHE'MERUM, from »uf,  vveros,  'night,'
and 'nptpa,  'day.'   The space of 24  hours, or of
a day and  night  Certain complaints  continue
only so long.
  NYCTOBADIA, Somnambulism.
  NYCTOBASIS, Somnambulism.
  NYCTOBATESIS, Somnambulism.
  NYCTOBATIA, Somnambulism.
  NYCTOTYPHLOSIS, Hemeralopia.
  NYGMA, Wound, punctured.
  NYGMATICUM  EMPLASTRUM,  Emplas-
trum resirree.
  NYMPHA, Clitoris.
  NYMPHS,  from  vvpupn,  'a water  nymph.'
Ala mino'ree seu inter'na mino'res clitor'idia ,seu
mulie'brea mino'rea, Carun'cula cuticula'ree, Cris-
ta   clitor'idie,  Collic'uli vagina, Myrtochlla,
Myrtochellidee, Labia mino'ra seu inter'na seu
puden'di mino'ra,  (F.) Nymphes,  Petitea ISvree.
Two membranous  folds,  which" arise from the
lateral parts of the prepuce of the clitoris, and
descend on the inner surface of the labia majora;
terminating, by  becoming gradually  thinner,
about the middle of the circumference of the ori-
fice of the vagina.   They are formed each of two
folds of the mucous membrane of the  vulva; and
contain, in their substance, a thin layer of spongy
erectile  tissue.  Their use seems to be, — not, as
was  once  supposed,  to direct  the course of the
urine, which  notion gave  rise to their name, but
to favour the elongation  and  dilatation of the
vagina in pregnancy  and labour.
  The word wpipn, Nymphe, has also been  used
synonymously with clitoris by Oribasius, Aetius,
Ac.
  NYMPHEA ADVENA, Nuphar advena.
  Nymph^e'a Alba, Leuconympha'a, Nenu'phar,
Microleuconympha'a, Casta'lia  epecio'ea, White
 Water Lily, (Sc.) Cambie-leafi, (F.) NSnuphar ou
NSnufar blanc, Lis  dee Stanga, Lune ou Volant
d'Eau.  Nat.  Ord.  Ranunculacese.  Sex.  Syat.
Polyandria Monogynia.   Formerly employed as
a demulcent,  antaphrodisiac,   emollient,   and
slightly anodyne remedy.
  Nymphea  Indica,  N.  nelumbo — n. Major
lutea, N. lutea.
  Nymphea Lu'tea, N. major lutea seu umbili-
ca'lie, Nuphar lu'teum, Nenu'phar lutea, Nypho-
zanthue vulya'rie, Yellow Water Lily, (Sc.)  Cam-
bie-leafi, (F.) NSnuphar  jaune.  Used for the
same purposes as Nympha'a alba.  The  flowers
are called in  Norfolk, England, Brandy bottlee.
  NympHjBA Nelum'bo, N. In'dica, Faba jEgyp-
tiaca, Cy'anus jEgyptiacus, Pontic or ^Egyptian
Bean.  The fruit of  this is eaten raw in Egypt
and some of the neighbouring  countries; and is
considered to be tonic and astringent
  Nympha'a Odora'ta,  Sweet-scented  Water
Lily, Sweet water or White pond or Toad  Lily,
 Cow or Water Cabbage, (F.) NSnuphar odorant.
An  indigenous plant, growing  in most  parts of
the  United  States in fresh water ponds,  and on
the  borders of streams, and having large white,
beautiful, sweet-scented  flowers.   The  root is
very astringent and bitter.  It is sometimes made
into a poultice and used as a discutient.
  NympiijEa Umbilicalis, N. lutea.
  NYMPHE, Clitoris.
  NYMPHES, Nymphae.
  NYMPHI'TIS ; from vvpijm,  'the clitoris,' and
itie, denoting inflammation.  Epiderrhltis, In-
flamma'tio  Clitor'idis.    Inflammation   of  the
clitoris.
  NYMPHOCLUIA, Nymphomania.
  NYMPHOMANIA, from vvptpv, 'a bride/ and
pavta, 'fury;'  Furor  uteri'nus, Uteroiia'nia,  Lag-
ne'eie furor femini'nue, Metroma'nia, ^Edoeogar'-
galue, jEdceogargaria'mua, Thelygon'ia, Erotoma'-
nia, JEdoema'nia, Aidoioma'nia, Mehtncho'lia ute-
ri'na,  Nymphoclu'ia,  Sympto'ma  iurpitu'dinia,
Androma'nia, Gynmcoma'nia, Machlos'yne, Ente-
lipathla,  Tentlgo vene'rea, Hysteroma'nia, Sa-
lac"itae vulva, Uteri pruri'tue, Brachu'na, Aras'-
con, Arsa'tum, QUatroma'nia, (F.) Nymphomanie,
Fureur  utSrine.   An  irresistible and insatiable
desire, in females, for the venereal act.  It occurs
in those particularly, who  possess a nervous tem-
perament, and vivid imagination, especially if
excited  by improper  language, masturbation, Ac.
Its  course, as described,  is as  follows.   In the
commencement, the sufferer is a prey to perpetual
contests between feelings of modesty and impetu-
ous desires.  At an  after  period, she abandons
herself to- the latter, seeking no  longer to restrain
them.  In the last stage the obscenity is disgust-
ing; and  the mental alienation,  for such it is,
becomes complete. The treatment consists in the
use  of the same means as  are required in the sa-
tyriasis of man.   When the mental alienation ia
complete, solitude is indispensable.
  NYMPHON'CUS,  from  vvpfr,, 'the nympha,'
and oyeos, 'a tumour.'  A morbid tumefaction of
the nymphae.
  NYMPHOT'OMY,   Nymphotom'ia, Nympha'-
rum  Sec'tio, {!?.) Nymphotomie,  from  vvpfti, and 
NYPHOZANTHUS VULGARIS   640
OBLIQUE
rtpvttv, 'to cut'  An operation, known and prac-
tised for a long time, which consists in the exci-
sion of the nymphae.  The operation is had re-
course to, when they are attacked with  scirrhus,
cancer, fungus, or gangrene; or when  they are
so large as to interfere with walking or coition.
Nymphotomy  is the cireumcision of the female.
It is practised in some countries.
  Some authors have used the term Nymphotcmj
for amputation of the clitoris.
  NYPHOZANTHUS  VULGARIS, Nymphaea
lutea.
  NYSTAG'MUS.  A partial rotatory movement
of the eyeball from side  to side.   Also,  Coma
vigil.
  NYXIS, Puncture.
0.
  OAK, BLACK, Quercus tinctoria—o. Common,
Quercus  robur — o.  Jerusalem,  Chenopodium
botrys.
  Oak Lungs, Lichen pulmonarius.
  Oak Orchard  Acid Springs.  These springs
—eight in number—are in Genesee county, New
York, eight miles  from Lockport  They are acid
salines, consisting of free sulphuric acid, sulphate
of protoxide of iron, and sulphates  of alumina,
magnesia and lime.   They are powerfully astrin-
gent and tonic.
  Oak, Poison,  Rhus  toxicodendron — o. Red,
Quercus rubra montana—o. Sea, Fucus vesiculo-
sus — o. Spanish, Quercus  rubra  montana — o.
White, Quercus alba.
  OARIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian.
  OARION, Ovary.
  OARION'CUS, Oariophy'ma, Ova'rium tu'mi-
dum, Tumor Ova'rii,  from oiapiov, (diminutive of
uov,  'an egg,') 'the  ovarium,' and oyeos, 'swell-
ing.'  Ovarian tumour.
  OARIOPAREC'TAMA,  Oophoraux'i,  from
uapiov, 'ovarium,' and vapticrtivciv,  'to extend.'
Enlargement of the ovary.
  OARIORRHEX'IS,  from  uapiov, 'ovarium,'
and pnits, 'rupture.'  Rupttt'ra Ova'rii.  Rupture
of the ovary.
  OARIOT'OMY,  Oariotom'ia,  Ovariotom'ia,
Ovariot'omy, from taapiov, 'the ovarium,'and ropn,
' incision.' The operation for removing the ovary.
  OARI'TIS, Oophoritis, Oorltis, Inflamma'tio
Ova'rii, Ovaritis, (F.) Inflammation de I'Ovaire,
from uaptov, 'the ovarium,' and itie, the termina-
tion denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the
ovarium.  When occurring in childhood, it  is the
Lochoophoritis of some.
  OARIUM, Ovary.
  OARTHROC'ACl, formed by contraction from
omo-arthrocace.  Said to be used by Rust to de-
signate inflammation of the scapulo-humeral ar-
ticular surfaces.—Nysten.
  OATMEAL, see Avena.
  OATS, Avena.
  OBAUDITIO, Baryecoia.
  OBAUDITUS,  Baryecoia.
  OBCECATIO,  Caecitas.
  OBD0RMIT"I0, from ob, and dormio, dormi-
tum,  'to  sleep.'   The state of  the  limbs  being
asleep ;—Stupor ar'tttum.
  OBDUCTIO  LEGALIS, Autopsia cadaverica
legalis.
  OBELiEA RAPHE, Sagittal suture.
  OBESITAS, Polysarcia—o. Colli,  Struma adi-
posa — o. Nimia, Pimelosis — o. Viscerum, Phys-
conia adiposa.
  OBESITE, Polysarcia.
  OBESITY, Polysarcia.
  OBESUS. Corpulent.
  OBFUSCATIO, Amaurosis.
  OBITUS,  Death.
  OBJECTIVE  CONE.  The cone of light pro-
 ceeding from an object, the apex of which is on
 the object, and the base on the cornea.
    Objective Sensations, see Sensation.
    OBLINITIO, Inunction.
    OBLIQUE',  Obllquue,  Any thing inclined, or
 which deviates  from  the vertical line.   Anato-
 mists have given this name  to certain muscles,
 which have an  oblique direction as regards the
 plane that divides the body  into two equal and
 symmetrical halves.   These are:—
    Oblique  Muscles op the Abdomen.   They
 are  two in  number, and distinguished into: 1.
 Obliquus  Exter'nus Abdom'inis  seu deeceildene
 exter'nue seu deecendene seu major, (F.) Ilio-pubo
 coeto-abdom'inal, Coeto-abdom'inal (Ch.), Grand
 oblique, Oblique  externe.   One of the broadest
 muscles of the body.   It is situate at the lateral
 and anterior part of the abdomen ; and is flat and
 quadrilateral.   It is attached, above, to the outer
 surface  and lower edge  of the 7 or 8 last ribs:
 below, to the anterior third of the external lip of
 the crista ilii:  before, it terminates at the linea
 alba by means of a broad and  strong aponeurosis,
 which covers the rectus, and presents towards its
 inferior part  two very  solid fibrous fasciculi,
 which are inserted,—the one at the symphysis,
 the other  at the spine of the  pubis, — under the
 name of Pillare of the Abdominal Ring.  These
 pillars leave between them  an  opening, which
 forms the inferior orifice  of the inguinal canal.
 The obliquus externus abdominis  depresses the
 ribs, and carries them backwards during a strong
 expiration.  It impresses  on  the  chest a move-
 ment of rotation, and bends the thorax upon the
 pelvis, and conversely.  It contracts, also, the ab-
 dominal cavity.  2. Obllquue Inter'nue Abdomi-
 nie seu aecendene seu  minor seu  internue seu
 aecendene internue, Mue'cuius accli'vie, (F.) IHo-
 Iqmbo-coeto-abdominal, llio-abdominal (Ch.),Mue-
 cle petit oblique ou oblique interne, is broad, espe-
 cially before; thin, and irregularly quadrilateral,
 like the preceding, beneath which  it is situate.
 It is attached, above, to the inferior edge of the
 cartilages of the 5th, 4th, 3d, and 2d false ribs;
 below, to the anterior  two-thirds of the interstice
 of the crista ilii, to the posterior part of the crural
 arch, and to the pubis; behind, to the spinous
 processes  of the last two lumbar vertebrae, and to
 those of the first two portions of the sacrum; be-
 fore, to the linea alba.  Its upper fibres run  obli-
 quely upwards  and  forwards; the  middle are
 horizontal; and the lower pass obliquely down-
 wards and forwards.
    These last,  in the  male, are dragged  down
 through the inguinal ring, when the testicle de-
. scends,  and form the two fasciculi  of the  cre-
 m as ter.
    The obliquus  internus resembles the 0. exter-
 nus in function.
   Oblique Muscles op the Eye, Amato'rii, Cir-
 cumagen'tee, Rotato'ree Oc'uli,  are two in number. 
OBLIQUE  EXTERNE       641              OBTURATOR
They are distinguished into: 1. Obliquus Superior |
Oculi, Aiuato'riue mu8'culti8, Trochlea'rie, Troch-
lea'tor, Obliquue major.  Oircumductio'nie op'ifiex,
Longie'eimue oc'uli, (F.) Optico-trochlei eclSroti-
cien, Grand trochlSatenr (Ch.), Grand oblique de \
Vceil, 0. eupSrieur de I'ceil, Amoureux (Mueele,) is
situate at the inner and upper part of  the  orbit.
It is small, round,  fusiform, and reflected upon
itself in the middle of its course.   Behind, it is
attached to the  inside of the foramen opticum ;
and when it arrives opposite the internal orbitar
process, it  becomes a  small, round tendon, which
slides in a cartilaginous  pulley fixed  to  the  os
frontis, and is reflected, at an acute angle, to pro-
ceed  downwards  and  outwards,  and  to  attach
itself to the outer and back part of the globe  of
the eye.  This muscle carries the globe  of the eye
forwards and inwards ; making it experience a
movement of rotation, which directs  the pupil
downwards and inwards.  This is conceived to be
an involuntary  muscle  as well as the  next.   In
sleep,  according to Sir C. Bell, when  the  power
over the  straight or voluntary  muscles  of the
organ is nearly lost, the eye is given up to the
oblique muscles, which lodge the transparent cor-
nea under the upper eyelid.   At the approach of
 death, the same thing  is observable;  hence, the
turning  up of the eye, at  such  time, is  not  an
 evidence of agony or suffering, but of insensibi-
lity.  2. Obllquue Infe'rior seu minor oculi, (F.)
Maxillo-aclSroticien,  Petit  TrochlS.ateur  (Ch.),
 Petit oblique ou oblique infSrieur de loeil, is situ-
 ate at the  anterior and inferior part of the orbit.
 It is flat and attached to the inner and anterior
 part of tbe orbitar surface of the superior maxil-
 lary boDe,  on the outside of the lachrymal gutter;
 from thence it  passes outwards and backwards,
 and terminates  by an aponeurosis, at  the poste-
 rior and inner part of the globe of the eye.  It
 carries the globe of the eye inwards and forwards ;
 and directs the  pupil upwards and outwards.
    Oblique Muscles of the Head.  These  are
 two in number.  1. Obliquue Superior seu minor
 Cap'itie, (F.) TrachSlo-atlo'ido-occipital, Atloido-
 soiis-masto'idien (Ch.), Muscle oblique supS.rieur ou
 petit oblique de la tSte.  This muscle is situate at
 the sides  of, and behind, the articulation of  the
 head: it is flat and attached, on tbe one hand, to
 the top of  the transverse process of the atlas ; and,
 on the other, terminates at the occipital bone, be-
 neath the inferior curved line,  and sometimes,
 also, at the mastoid region of the temporal bone.
 It extends the  head,—inclining it to one side.  2.
 Obliquus  Inferior Capitis,  Obliquue major, (F.)
 Spini-axo'ido-trachSli-atlo'idien, Axoido-atloidien
 (Ch.), Oblique  infSrieur ou  grand oblique  de la
 tete, is situate  at the posterior part of the neck
 and head.  It is round, fusiform ; attached to the
 spinous process of the axis, and proceeds'to  ter-
 minate behind and below the summit of the trans-
 verse process of the atlas.  It impresses, on  the
 first vertebra and the head, a movement  of rota-
 tion, which turns the face to one side.
    Oblique Processes, see Vertebrae.
    OBLIQUE  EXTERNE, Obliquus externus
 abdominis — o. Grand, Obliquus  externus abdo-
 minis — o. Grand de loeil, Obliquus superior ocu-
 li—o. Grand de la tSte, Obliquus inferior capitis
 — o. InfSrieur  de I'ceil, Obliquus inferior oculi'—
 o. InfSrieur de  la tete, Obliquus inferior capitis—
 o. Interne, Obliquus internus abdominis—o. Petit,
 Obliquus  internus abdominis — o. Petit de I'ceil,
 Obliquus  inferior oculi—o.  Petit de la ttte, Obli-
 quus superior oculi—o. SupSrieur de  I'ceil, Obli-
 quus superior oculi—o. SupSrieur de la ttte, Obli-
 quus  superior  capitis.
    OBLIQUITE DE LA MATRICE, Retrover-
 sio uteri.
    OBLIQUUS  ASCENDENS, 0. internus abdo-
       41
minis — o. Auris, Laxator tympani — o. Descen-
dens externum, 0. externus abdominis—o. M<uor,
0. externus abdominis, 0. inferior capitis, 0. su-
perior oculi — o. Minor, 0. internus abdominis —
o. Minor capitis, 0.  superior capitis — o.  Minor
oculi, 0. inferior oculi.
  OBLIT'ERATED,  Oblitera'tue;  from  obhte-
rare,  (ob, and  litera,) ' to  efface.'  A vessel or
duct is said to be obliterated, when  its parietes
have approximated and contracted such an adhe-
sion to each other that the cavity has completely
disappeared.
   OBLITERATIO COMPLETA, Hapantismus.
   OBLIVIO, Amnesia—o. Iners, Lethargy.
   OBLOBIUM, Antilobium.
   OB'OLUS, Onolosat.  A weight of 9 or lOgrains.
   OBSCOSNjE PARTES, Genital organs.
   OBSCURCISSEMENT DE LA VUE, Caligo.
   OBSERVATION, Observa'tio,  (from ob, and
servare, eervatum, 'to keep,' e. g. in sight.)  Tere'-
eie, Symparatere'eie.   Act of examining a thing
by means of the external  senses.  This word is
employed in  several  acceptations.  It expresses
— 1. The action of observing — 2. The aggregate
of knowledge, afforded by observation.  In French
—but not in English — it means the case or his-
tory of the phenomena presented by a patient in
the course of a disease.
   OBSERVATION,  Case —o.  Method of,  Nu-
merical method.
   OBSTET'RIC, Obstet'ricue, Obatelrical; same
etymon as obstetrics.   Relating or appertaining
to obstetrics,—as 'obstetric auscultation,' 'obstet-
ric exploration,' Ac.
   Obstetric Chair, Labour-chair.
   OBSTETRICANS, Accoucheur.
   OBSTETRICS, from Obstetrix.  'a midwife,
(obetare, ob, and etare. ' to stand  before.') Tokol-
ogy, Tocology, Maiei'a, Maeela, Maei'a, Maecn'-
tica are, Are obatetric"ia,  Obstet'ricy,  (F.) Ob-
alStrique.  The  art  of midwifery.   Midwifery
in general.
   OBSTEJRICY, Obstetrics.
   OBSTETRIQUE, Obstetrics.
   OBSTETRIX, Midwife.
   OBSTIPATIO, Constipation—o.  Tenesmus,
Tenesmus.
   Obstipatio, see Hump.
   OBSTIPITAS, Torticollis—o. CapiUs seu Colli,
 Torticollis.
   OBSTRUCTIO, Emphraxis, btegnosis—o. Al-
 vi, Constipation — o. Ductfis Alimentarii, Consti-
 pation— o. Duttfls  Stenoniani,  Stenostenosis —
 o. Intestinalis, Constipation ---o. Recti  Spastica,
 Stricture of  the Rectum, spasmodic — o. Pulmo-
 num pituitosa febrilis, Peripneumonia notha.
   OBSTRUCTION   OF  THE  INTESTINES,
 Enteremphraxis.
   OB'STRUENS, from obetruo,' (ob, and atruere,
 'to build,) ' I stop up by building against'  Op-
 pilutlvite.  A medicine which closes the orifices
 of ducts or vessels.
   OBSTUPEFACIENTIA, Narcotics.
   OBTONDANT, Obtundens.
   OBTRUNCATIO, Decollation.
   OBTUMESCENTIA, Mutitas.
   OBTUN'DENS,  (F.) Obtondant,  from obtun-
 dere, (ob and tundere, ' to beat,')  ' to beat against,'
 and therefore to blunt the  edge.  An epithet ap-
 plied to remedies that were supposed, according
 to an erroneous theory, to  be  possessed of the
 power of blunting the acrimony of the  humours.
 A demulcent is one  of these.
   OBTURAMENTUM, Emphragma.
   OBTURATEUR, Obturator.
   OBTURATEUR  DU PALAIS, Palate, arti-
 ficial.
   OBTURATIO. Emphraxis.
   OBTURA'TOR, Obturato'rius, (F.) Obturateur, 
OBTURATOR  ARTERY       64
 from obturare,  (akin  to  Svpa,  'a door,'[?]) ' to |
 close,' ' stop up tbe entrance.'  A name  given in
 anatomy, to several parts.
   Obturator Artery, Arteria obturato'ria seu
 obtnra'trix, (F.) Sous-pubio fSmorale (Ch.), Artire
 obturatrice, arises, most commonly, from the hy-
 pogastric.  It is, however, frequently given  off
 from the epigastric ; a matter of importance to be
r determined  in cases of femoral hernia.  Of 500
 obturator arteries examined by  M. J.  Cloquet,
 H40 were furnished by the hypogastric, and 152
 by the epigastric or crural.  When it arises from
 the hypogastric, it passes forwards and outwards,
 and then turns horizontally into the cavity of the
 pelvis, to issue from  this cavity  by the opening
 left at the upper part of the obturator membrane.
 When,  on  the  contrary,  the  obturator artery
 arises from  the epigastric or the crural, it  de-
 scends  obliquely  inwards, behind tbe os pubis,
 to the obturator foramen.   At its exit  from the
 pelvis, the artery divides  into two branches, a
 posterior and an anterior, which  are  distributed
 to the muscles of the anterior and superior part
 of the thigh.
   Obtura'tor Fora'men,  Fora'men Obturato'-
 rium  seu  obtura'titm  seu infra-pubia'num  seu
 ova'le seu thyroideum seu Thyroi'dee seu Amplum
 Pelvie, (F.) Trou  eoua-pubien.  A large opening,
 cf an oval or triangular form, in the anterior part
 of The os innominatum. on the outside of the sym-
 physis pubis and  beneath  the  horizontal ramus
 of the os  pubis.  This foramen  is closed  by a
 membranous ligament.
   Obturator  Ligament  or Membrane,  Sub-
 pubic membrane, is a fibrous  membrane, fixed to
 the whole  circumference of  tbe  obturator fora-
 men,  except above, where an opening remains for
 the passage of the vessels and nerves  of the same
 name.
   Obturator Muscles, Obturato'res, Rotato'ree
 fem'orie.   These  are two in number.  They are
 divided into
   a. Obturator Exter'nue, Extra-pelvio-pubi-tro-
 cJiantSrien, Soue-pubio-trochantSrien externe (Ch.)
 A muscle, situate at the  anterior and inner part
 of the thigh.  It is broad, flat, and  triangular;
 and is attached, on the one hand, to the anterior
 surface of the os pubis, to that  of the ischium,
 and to the anterior surface of the obturator li°-a-
 ment.  Its fleshy fibres converge to  the tendon,
 which proceeds to be inserted at the inferior part
 of the cavity of the great trochanter.  This mus-
 cle rotates the thigh outwards.
    6. Obturator Inter'nue, Mareupia'lie, Burea'lie,
 lntra-pelvio-trochantSrien, Soue-pubio-trochantS-
 rien interne (Ch.) is seated, almost entirely, in the
 pelvis.   It  arises from the inner surface of the
 obturator ligament, and from the posterior part
 of the circumference of the obturator foramen,
 and is  inserted,  by means of  a  strong tendon,
 running between the two portions of the gemini,
 into the cavity at the root of the great trochan-
 ter : after having turned upon the ischium, which
 forms for it a kind of pulley.  This  muscle also
 rotates the thigh outwards.
>    Obturator Nerve, Soue-pubio-fSmoral, (Ch.),
• proceeds principally from the 2d and 3d lumbar
 nerves.  It  descends into the  pelvis; gains  the
 obturator foramen;  gives branches to the obtu-
 rator muscles, and divides, behind the abductor
 primus and  pectinalis, into two  branches;  one
 anterior,  whose branches  are distributed to  the
 first  two adductors, gracilis, and integuments ■
 the other, poeterior, distributing  its ramifications
 to the obturator externus and third adductor.
    Obturator Vein  has, ordinarily, the same ar-
 ransementas the  artery.  It is common, however,
 *o find it arising from the  epigastric; whilst the
OCCIPITAL
conesponding artery proceeds from the hypogas-
tric, and conversely.
   The term obturator,  (F.) Obturateur,  is, also,
applied to an  instrument, adapted for closing an
opening caused by a wound or disease.
   OBTURATORES, Obturator muscles.
   OBVOLVENTIA, Demulcents.
   OCA, Oxalis tuberosa.
   0CO3ECATI0, Caecitas.
   OCCIP'ITAL,  Occipitalis.  That  which be
longs to the occiput.
   Occipital Artery.   This arises from the pos-
terior part of the external carotid, beneath the
parotid.  It proceeds backwards, passes  between
the  mastoid  process and the transverse process
of the atlas;  reaches the  occipital bone and  di-
vides into two  branches,  which may be  called
ascending  posterior and anterior, and are  distri-
buted to the neighbouring muscles and ligaments.
   Occip'ital Bone, Oa occip'itis seu occipit'ii seu
occipita'le  seu epheno-baeila're seu memo'ria seu
nervo'eum seu baeila're seu prora seu pyx'idie seu
eextum  cra'nii seu lambdoi'dee  seu lambda seu
lattda seu pnppie sen nervo'eum  seu fibro'eum seu
pelvicephal'icum, (F.) Oe occipital, is situate at
the  posterior and inferior part  of the cranium,
which it assists in forming.  It is flat, symmetri-
cal, and curved upon itself.  It presents,  1. An
occipital or poeterior  aurfiace, which  is  convex,
and has, upon the median line,  the baeilary eur-
face, the foramen magnum, through which  passes
the  spinal  marrow with  its membranes  and ves-
sels,—the external occipital creel, the external oc-
cipital protuberance; and, at the sides, tbe upper
curved line, large rough arched ridge or traneveree
arch or linea eemicircularie, the lower curved line,
the poaterior condyloid foaaa, the condyles for the
articulation of this bone with the atlas;  and the
anterior condyloid fossa,  pierced by a  foramen
for the  passage of the ninth pair of nerves. 2. A
cerebral or anterior surface.   On the  median line
are: the baeilary foeea, the inner  orifice  of the
foramen magnum, the internal occipital creet, the
internal occipital  protuberance, the cruciform
spine;  a  channel, which lodges the  termination
of the straight  sinus, and on each  side,  the occi-
pital foaaa, distinguished into" euperior  or cere-
bral, and  inferior or cerebelloue,  and separated by
a groove which  lodges the lateral sinus.   3. The
surfaces of the  occipital bone are separated by
four ridges and four angles.  The two  superior
edges are articulated with  the parietal bones;  the
two lower join  the temporal;  and the anterior
angle, under  the name  basilary proceaa,  is  united
 to the sphenoid.
   The  occipital  bone is developed from  four
points  of ossification;  and  sometimes from a
! greater number.
   Occipital  Muscle,  Occipita'lie.  Many ana-
 tomists have given this name  to  the posterior
 fasciculus of  the occipito-frontalis.
   Occipital  Nerve,  Sub-occipital  nerve,  (F.)
 Premiere paire  trachSlienne (Ch.),  Nerf occipital
 ou eons occipital.  It arises from the upper part
 of the  spinal marrow by eight  or  ten filaments,
 united  in two fasciculi.  Thus  formed,  it  passes
 between the foramen magnum and the  posterior
 arch of the atlas; and, at this place, forms a long
 ganglion, afterwards dividing into  two branches.
 Of these, the anterior,  which is long and small,
 makes a turn above the transverse process of the
 atlas and  forms  an anastomotic  noose with a
branch of the second cervical nerve.  The poete-
rior branch, larger and  shorter, divides into seven
or eight branches, which  are distributed  to  the
muscles of the upper and back part of the neck.
   Occipital Region, Occiput.
   Occipital Vein.  Its roots follow exactly the
course  of  the branches  of the artery, and unite 
utjt..irii io .u
0 4 3
OCYTOCUS
into a single trunk, which opens into the internal
jugular vein, and sometimes into the external.
  OCCIPITIUM, Occiput.
  OCCIP'ITO-AT'LOID, Occipito-atloideue, (F.)
Occipito-atloidien.  That which has reference to
the occiput and atlas.
  Occipito-Atloid  Articulation  is the articu-
lation of the condyles of the occipital bone with
tbe superior articular cavities of the atlas.  It is
Btrengthened by two ligaments ; the one anterior,
the  other  posterior, called occipito-atloid liga-
mente:  the one extends from the anterior, the
other from the posterior, arch  of the atlas, to tbe
corresponding portion of the circumference of the
foramen magnum.
   OCCIP'ITO-AX'OID, Occipito-axdideue, (F.)
 Occipito-axo'idien.   That  which  relates to the
 occipital bone and the axis or second vertebra.
   Occipito-axoid Articulation  is the connex-
 ion of the occipital  bone with the  axis or second
 vertebra, although these bones are not really ar-
 ticulated, but are merely retained in apposition
 by three strong ligaments, the posterior  of which
 is called the occipito-axoid, and the two others
 odontoid.
   OCCIPITO-FRONTA'LIS, Digae'tricue cra'-
 nii, Epicra'niue, Fronta'lie  et occipitalis.  The
 majority of anatomists  call  by this name the
 whole of the fleshy plane, with the epicranial or
 coronal aponeurosis, (see Calotte,)  which covers
 the head from the occiput to the forehead.   It is
 attached, by its posterior  fasciculus, to  the two
 outer thirds of the upper curved line of  the occi-
 pital bone, and to the outer  surface of the mas-
 toid portion of the temporal;  and, by its anterior
 fasciculus, it terminates at the eyebrow, where it
 becomes confounded with the superciliaris, pyra-
 midalis nasi, and orbicularis palpebrarum.
   The occipito-frontalis, by the contraction of its
 anterior fasciculus, draws  forward a part of the
 integuments  of the cranium.  It wrinkles the
 skin of the forehead transversely,  and may, also
 contribute to open the eye by its decussation with
 the orbicularis  palpebrarum.  The posterior fas-
 ciculus of the muscle draws backwards a part of
 the skin of the cranium, and assists in stretching
 the common aponeurosis.
   OCCIP'ITO-MENINGE'AL.   That which be-
 longs to the occipital bone, and to the  meninge
 or dura mater.
   Occipito-meningbal Artery,  in  Chaussier's
 nomenclature, is a branch of the vertebral, given
 off to the dura mater at its entrance  into  the
cranium.
  OCCIPUT, Occipit'ium (ob, and caput), Regio
occipita'lie, In'ion, Opiethocra'ninm,Opisthoceph'-
alon, Hyeterocra'nium, Prora,  Occipltium.  The
back part of the head,  formed by the occipital
bone.
  Occiput, Soft, Craniotabes.
  OCCLU'SION,  Occlu'eio,  Myce,  from occln-
dere, occlueum,  'to  shut up.'  Sometimes  this
word signifies, simply, tbe transient approxima-
tion of the edges of a natural  opening — the oc-
clusion ofi the eyelide, for example;  at  others it
is synonymous with imperforation,  as  occlneion
of the pupil,  vagina, Ac.
  OCCULT DISEASES, see Latent.
  OCEAN  SPRINGS, see Mississippi, Mineral
waters  of.
  OCHEMA, Vehicle.
  OCHETEUMATA, Nares.
  OCHETOS, Canal.
  OCHEUS, Scrotum.
  OCHLE'SIS, from o^of, 'a crowd.'  A term,
applied by Dr. George Gregory to  a morbid con-
dition induced by the crowding together of sick
persons under one roof.
  OCHREA RUBRA, Haematites.             ]
  OCTIRIASTP. Paleness.
  OCHROMA, Paleness.'
  OCHROPYRA, Fever, yellow.
  OCHROTES, Paleness.
  OCHROTYPHUS,  Fever, yellow.
  OCHTHIASIS, Molluscum.
  OCHTHODES, Callous.
  OCIMUM ADSCENDENS, 0. Basilicum.
  Oci'mum  Basil'icum, 0.  adecen'dene seu pilo'-
aum seu racemo'enm seu citra'tum, Bereildaroe,
Baeilicum, B. majue seu citra'tum, Common or
Citron  baeil, (F.) Basilic commun ; Steipov,  from
wkvs, 'swift,' owing  to its swift growth.  Nat.
Ord. Labiatae.   Sex. Syst. Didynamia Gymno-
spermia.   This herb  has a fragrant  odour  and
aromatic  taste.  It is used as  a condiment, and
has been  supposed to possess nervine properties.
  Ocimum Caryophylla'tum,  0.  min'imum,
Small or  Bush baail.  Possesses properties similar
to the former.   It is sometimes used as snuff.
  Ocimum Citratum, 0. Basilicum — o. Pilosum,
0. Basilicum—o. Racemosum, 0. Basilicum.
  OCOTEA AMARA, Nectandra cymbarum—o.
Cymbarum, Nectandra  cymbarum—o. Pichurim,
see Pichurim  beans — o. Puchury, see Pichurim
beans.
  OCREA, Hippocampus minor, Shin.
  OCTA'NA,  Hebdomada'ria, Febris hebdoma-
da'ria, from octo, ' eight'  A fever whose parox-
ysms recur every week;—a supposititious case.
  OCTA'RIUS. A pint.  The eighth part of a
wine-gallon.   Same  etymon.   It contains six-
teen fluidounces (Ph. U. S.),—20 fluidounces im-
perial measure.
  OCTOPUS, Synapheocephalus, Hemipages.
  OCTUNX, from  octo, ' eight,' and  uncia, ' an
ounce.'  A weight of eight ounces.
  OCULAR,  Octtla'ris, (F.) Oculaire, from oeti-
lus, ' an eye.'  Of or belonging to the eye.
  Ocular Cone.  The cone formed within  tbe
eye by a pencil of rays proceeding from an  ob-
ject; the base of tbe cone  being on the cornea,
—the apex on the retina.
   OCULARES COMMUNES,  Motores oculirrom
—o. Dentes. Canine teeth.
   OCULARIA, Euphrasia officinalis.
   OCULI  MARMARYGODES,  Metamorphop-
sia— o.  Palpebrarum scabies  pruriginosa, Oph-
thalmia tarsi.
   OCULIST, Oculie'ta, Ophthalmia'ter, Med'icue
ocula'riue  seu ophthalmictie,  from  ocul.ue, ' an
eye.'  One who occupies himself, chiefly,  with the
management of diseases of the eye.
   OCULIST1QUE,  Ophthalmology.
   OCULO-MUSCULAR NERVES,  COMMON,
Motores  oculorum.
   OCULUM MOVENS PRIMUS. Rectus inter-
nus oculi — o. Movens quartus,  Rectus inferior
oculi—o. Movens secundus, Rectus externus oculi
—o. Movens tertius,  Rectus  superior oculi.
   OCULUS, Eye — o.  Bovinus, Hydrophthalmia
— o. Bovis, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum — o.
Bubulus, Hydrophthalmia—o. Caesius, Glaucoma
— o.  Duplex, Binoculus — o. Elephantinus, Hy-
drophthalmia—o. Genu, Patella—o. Lacrymans,
Epiphora — o. Purulentus, Hypopyon—o. Sim-
plex, see Monoculus—o. Typhonis, Scilla.
   OCYMUM, see Ocimum — o. Sylvestre, Clino-
podium vulgare.
   OCYODINIC, Ocytocic.
   OCYPH'ONUS, from okvs, 'quick,' and  *ovoff
'murder.'  An agent that  kills speedily.
   OCYTOCEUS, Ocytocic.
   OCYTOCIC,  Oxytocic,  Ocytoc'eue,  Ocytoc'iue,
Ocyt'ocus.  Ocyodin'ic,  Odinago'gite,  from o|uj,
'quick,' and tokos, 'labour.'  Any thing  that ex-
pedites parturition.
  OCYTOCIUS, Ocytocic.
  OCYTOCUS, Ocytocic. 
OD                    641              ODONTRYPY
  OD.   A term, employed by  Reichenbach  to
designate an " effective force," which, according
to him, not only manifests itself in contact with
man, as in the case  of  magnets, crystals, the
hands,  Ac, but, also,  at  distances, as from the
sun, moon, and stars — indeed  from  all matter.
Such a force is termed by him odic.
  ODAXIS'MUS,   Odaxesmus,  Odontocne'eie,
Odontocnes'mus, oia^vapos; a sensation  of  biting
or pricking, as that in the gums whieh precedes
the appearance of the teeth.
  ODES.   A suffix, see Eidos.
  ODEUR, Odour.
  ODIC, see Od.
  ODIN, Pains, (labour.)
  ODINAGOGUS, Ocytocic.
  ODINOL'YSIS, from oiiv, 'labour pains,' and
Xvais, ' solution.'  Mitigation of labour pains.
  ODlNOPf-E'A,  from oiiv,  'labour  pains,' and
voitv), 'I make.'  Agents  that  encourage  labour
pains.
  ODIS, Pains, labour.
  ODME, Odour.
  ODONTAGOGON, Dentagra.
  ODON'TAGRA, from  oiovs,  oiovros, 'a  tooth,'
and aypa,  'a  seizure.'  A rheumatic or  gouty
pain in the teeth.  Dentagra.
  ODONTAL'GIA, from oiovs,  oiovros, 'a  tcoth,'
and aXyos,  'pain.'  Den'tium  dolor, Toothach,
Odon'tia, 0.  doloro'ea, Gomphi'asis,  Gomphias'-
mu8, Odontodyn'ia, (F.) Douleur dea dente, Flux-
ion eur lea denta, Mal de dent ou d'amour.  A dis-
ease dependent upon a variety of causes affecting
the cavity of the tooth ;  but  generally owing to
caries, which exposes  the  cavity to the action of
the  air, and to extraneous  matters  in  general.
Hence, the treatment consists in plugging the
tooth,  or destroying the  sensibility of the nerve
by  powerful stimulants ; and, if these means fail,
in extracting the tooth.
  Odontalgia Cariosa,  Dental gangrene—o.
Dentitionis, Dentition—o. Ha;modia,  Hfemodia.
   Odontalgia Nervo'sa, Neuralgia Denta'lie.
Neuralgia  of the teeth.  Characterized by pe-
riodical pain, shooting with  the utmost violence
along the branches of the fifth pair distributed to
the affected jaw.
  Odontalgia  Remittens   et  Intermittens,
Neuralgia infra-orbitaria.
  ODONTALGIC, Anti-odontalgic.
   ODONTAMBLYOGMUS, Haemodia,
   ODONTH.EMODTA, Hsemodia.
   ODONTHARPAGA, Dentagra.
   ODONTHYPER.ESTHESIS, Haemodia.
   ODONTIA, Odontalgia.
   Odon'tia Defor'mis.   Deformity  of the teeth
from error of shape, position, or number.—Good.
   Odontia Dentitionis Lactantium, see  Denti-
tion (first)—o.  Dentitionis puerilis, see Dentition
(second) — o. Edentula,  see  Nefrendes — o. Ex-
crescens, Epulis—o. Incrustans, Odontolithos—o.
Stuporis, Haemodia.
   ODONTIASIS, Dentition.
   ODONTIATER, Dentist.
   ODOXTIATRIA, Dentistry.
   ODONTIC, Anti-odontalgic.
   ODONTI'TIS, Odontophleg'monS, from oiovs,
 eiovros, 'a tooth,' and  itie, denoting inflammation.
 Inflammation of the teeth.
   ODONTOBOTHRITIS, Odontophatni'tie, In-
 flamma'tio  alveolo'rum,  from odontobothrium,
 (oiovs, oSovros,  'a tooth,' and  flobptov, 'alveolus,')
 and itie, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
 of the alveoli.
   ODONTOBOTHRIUM, Alveolus.
   ODONTOCLA'SIS, from   oiovs,  oiovros, 'a
 tooth,' and xXaats, 'fracture;  Fraetu'ra  den'tie.
 Fracture of a tooth.
   ODONTOCNESIS,  Odaxismus.
   ODONTOCNE^MUS. Odaxismus.
   ODONTODES. Odontoid.
   ODONTODYNIA. Odontalgia.
   ODONTOG"ENY,  Odontogen'ia, from  oiovs,
 oiovros, 'a tooth,' and ytvtots, 'generation.'  Ge-
 neration or mode of development of the teeth.
   ODONTOGLYPHON,  Dentiscalpium,  Gum
 lancet.
   ODONTOGLYrHUM,   Dentiscalpium,  Gum

   ODONTOGRAPHY,   Odontograph'ia,  from
 oiovs, oiovros, ' a tooth,' and ypaipn,' a description.
 A description  of the teeth.
   ODON'TOID, Odontoi'dee, Odonto'dee, Denti-
 form'ie, Denta'lia, Dentoideue, Pyrenoi'des, from
 oiovs,  oiovros,  'a tooth,' and tiios, 'shape,' 're-
 semblance.'  An epithet given to  the Processus
 dentatua of the second vertebra or axis.
   Odontoid Lig'aments, Ligamen'ta ala'ria seu
 Mauchar'ti, (F.) Ligamente odonto'idiene, are two
 strong and short conical fasciculi, whose trun-
 cated  summits embrace the sides  of the odontoid
 process, and whose bases  are fixed in the fossae
 at the inner side of the condyles  of the occipital
 bone.   Their direction is obliquely outwards and
 slightly upwards.   They enter into the composi-
 tion of the occipito-axoid articulation, strengthen
 the  junction  of the head with the vertebral
 column, and limit the movement of rotation  of
 the atlas on the axis.
   Other ligamentous fibres pass from the highest
 portion of tbe processus dentatus to the anterior
 margin of the foramen magnum  of the occipital
 bone—constituting the Ligamen'tum euepeneo'rium
 dentie.
   ODONTOL'ITHOS,  (F.)  Odontolith^  from
 oiovs,  oiovros,  'a tooth,' and Xt&os, 'a  stone.'  A
 sort of incrustation, of a yellowish colour,  which
 forms at tbe coronae  of the teeth, and is  called
 Tartar, Tar'tarue Den'tium, Odon'tia incrue'tane,
 Calculue denta'lia, (F.) Tartre dee dente, T. den-
 taire.   It consists of seventy-nine parts of phos-
 phate of lime; twelve and a half of mucus;  one
 of a particular salivary matter, and seven  and a
 half of animal substance, soluble in chlorohydric
 acid.  A species of infusoria. Dentic'ola hom'inie,
 has been found in it
   ODONTOL'OGY,  Odontolog"ia, from  oiovs,
 oiovros,  'a tooth,' and  Xoyos, 'a  discourse.'  An
 anatomical treatise of tbe teeth.
   ODONTONECROSIS, Dental  gangrene.
   ODONTOPARALLAXIS, from oiovs, oiovros,
 'a tooth,' and  irapaXXat-ts,  'deviation.'  Irregu-
 larity and obliquity of the teeth; (Prov.) Snaggle
 teeth.
   ODONTOPHATNE, Alveolus.
   ODONTOPHATNITIS, Odontobothritis.
   ODONTOPLEROSIS, see Filling.
   ODONTOPHYIA, Dentition.
   ODONTOPRISIS, Brygmus, Stridor dentium.
   ODONTOSEI'SIS,   Odoutoseie'mue, Den'tium
 vacillan'tia, from  oiovs,  oiovros,  ' a tooth,'  and
 attais, 'shaking.'  Looseness of tbe teeth.
   ODONTOSEISMUS, Odontoseisis.
   ODONTOSMEGMA, Dentifrice.
   ODONTOSPHACELISIS. Dental gangrene.
   ODONTOSPHACELISMUS, Dental gangrene.
   ODONTOSTERE'SIS, from  oiovs,  oiovref, 'a
 tooth,'  and artpnets, 'privation.'   Loss   of  the
 teeth.
   ODONTOSYNERISM'US, from  oiovs, oiovros,
 'a tooth,' and ovvtpi(,ttv,' to strike together;'  (F.)
 Claquement.  Chattering of the teeth.
   ODONTOTECHNY, Dentistry.
   ODONTOTHERAPIA, Dentistry.
   ODONTOTRIMMA, Dentifrice.
   ODONTOTRYPY, Odontrypy.
   ODON'TRYPY,  Odontot'rypy,  Odontotryp'ia,
li from  oiovs, oiovros, 'a tooth,' and rpvraia, 'I  per- 
ODORAMENTUM
645
(ENOLOTIF
forate.'  The operation of perforating a tooth to
evacuate purulent matter confined in  the cavity
of the puip.
  ODORAMENTUM, Odoriferum.
  ODORANT, see Odour.
  ODOR AT, Olfaction.
  ODORATIO, Olfaction.
  ODORATUS, Olfaction—o. Deperditus, Anos-
mia.
  ODORIF'ERUM,  from odor,  odorie. 'odour,'
and fiero, 'I carry;' Odoramen'tum.  A medicine
that gives odour or flavour.  A scent A perfume.
  ODOROUS, see Odour.
•  ODOS, Way.
  O'DOUR, Odor, Odme, Oame,  (F.)  Odeur.   A
smell.   Odours  are  subtle  particles,  constantly
escaping from the surface of certain bodies hence
called o'doroua, (F.)  Odorant.  They act, in some
manner, by actual contact with the nerves of the
Schneiderian membrane,  and give occasion to the
sense of smell or olfaction.
   ODOUS, see Teeth.
   OD'YNE, oivvn, 'pain,'  Dolor, Odyne'ma.   A
very common suffix  to words; as in Pleurodyne.
   ODYNEMA, Odyne.
   (ECIOMA'NIA, Oikeioma'nia, from otxttos, 'be-
longing to a household or family,' and mania.  A
form of moral  insanity, characterized by domes-
tic perversity.
   (ECONOMIA, Economy —ce. Animalis, Phy-
siology.
   CEDALICUS. (Edematous.
   (EDALIUS, CEdematous.
   (EDE'MA.  from oiitm, 'I am swollen.'  Hy-
 drotlcus, CEdemat'ia, Hyderon'cus, Hydnton'cua,
 Hydrocede'ma, Hydrede'ma, Hydrope  cellula'rie
 ar'tuum, Phlegma'tia, Leucophlegma'tia,  Ecphy'-
 ma tx denial icum, (F.) (Edime, (EdSmatie, Enfiure.
 Swelling produced by the accumulation of a se-
 rous flaid in the interstices of tbe areolar texture.
 This swelling is  soft; yields under  the  finger;
 preserves the impression for some time,  and is
 pale and  without pain.  It presents  the same
 characters as anasarca, whieh is general  oedema.
 Its  etiology and treatment are also  the  same.
 See Anasarca.
   (Edema Acutum,  see Anasarca.
   (Edema  Arsenica'lis.   The  swelling of  the
 eyelids and face, induced by continued use of the
 preparations of arsenic.
   (Edema Calidum, see Anasarca — oe. Capitis,
 Hydrocephalus externus.
   (Ede'ma Cer'ebri, (F.) QEdlme du  cerveau.
 (Edema of the brain.  A condition of the cerebral
 pulp, in which  there is  an infiltration of serous
 fluid into it, so that it appears more moist or wa-
 tery than common ; and, when  sliced or pressed,
 small drops of water are seen to ooze out.
   (Edema, Compact,  Induration of the cellular
 tissue — oe. Cruentum, Suggillation—oe. Febrile,
 see Anasarca—oe.  Fugax, Anathymiasis—oe.
 Hystericum, Anathymiasis.
   (Edema op the Glottis, CE. glot'tidia, QEdem'-
 atoue Laryngitie or angina,Laryngltie aubmuco'8a
 seu oedemata'ea seu eero-purttlen'ta, Hydrops glot'-
 tidia, Angina aquo'sa seu larynge'a cedemato'sa,
 Snbmu'cous Laryngitis, (F.)  Laryngite cedSma-
 teuse, L. oedSmateuee et eSro-purulente ou eue-glot-
 tique ou eoue-muqneuee, Angine  laryngSe oedSma-
 teitee, GZde'.me de la glotte.  A disease consisting
 of  serous or sero-purulent infiltration into the
 submucous tissue of the glottis.  The symptoms
 resemble those of croup ; but the disease  attacks
 the adult rather than the child.   The  age is, in-
 deed, a principal means  of diagnosis between the
 two affections.
   The  disease is almost always fatal.   The treat-
 ment has to vary according to the accompanying
 general symptoms.
  (Edema Lacteum, Phlegmatia dolens.
  (Edema of the  Lungs, CE. pulmo'num, Pneu-
moch'yeie, Pne it monoe de' ma,  Hydrope  seu  ana-
sar'ca   Pulmo' num,   Hydroptieumo'nia,  (F.)
(Edhne du poumon.  Laennec has so called tbe
infiltration of serum into  the tissue of the lung,
carried  to such an  extent  as  to diminish  its
permeability  to air.  It  is  not  an  uncommon
sequela of pneumonia, and  the  major exanthe-
mata.  The respiration is laborious ; the respira-
tory murmur scarcely  perceptible, although the
thorax is largely expanded, and  there is a slight
rdle crSpitant, particularly at the base  and infe-
rior part of the lung.   The sound on  percussion
is clear, and on both sides equally so.   The cough
is attended with aqueous expectoration.  In some
cases the  respiration becomes peurile in a small
portion of the summit of the lung.
  (Edema Neonatorum,  Induration of the cellu-
lar  tissue — oe. Palpebrarum, Hydroblepharon —
ce.  Puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens—oe. Pulmo-
num, (Edema of the lungs—oe. Pulmonum chro-
nicum,  Hydropneumonia — oe.  Scroti  aquosum,
Oschydroedema — oe. Scroti cruentum, Oschretna-
toedema—oe.  Scroti purulentum, Oscheopyoederoa
— oe. Scroti  urinosum, Urocele — ce. Spasticum,
Anathymiasis—oe.  Uvulae, Staphyloedema.
  CEDEMATIA, CEdema.
   OEDEMATIE, CEdema.
  CEDEMATOSARCA, CEdemosarca.
  (EDEMATOSCHEOCE'LE, (Edemoecheoce'le,
 Oecheoce'le cedemat'ica.  Oscheocele with oedema
of  the scrotum.
  CEDEM'ATOUS, CEdemato''sua,  CEdemalicua,
 CEdemato'dea,  CEdaliua,  CEdalicue, Edem'atoua,
(F.)  (EdSmateux.   Affected  with oedema,  (F.)
 (EdSmatie, of the nature  of oedema.
   CEDE ME, CEdema— ce.  du  Cerveau,  (Edema
cerebri — oe. Douloureux  dea femme8 en couche,
Phlegmatia dolens—oe. dea Nottvellee  accouchSe*,
Phlegmatia  dolens — ce. actifi dee Nouvellea  ac-
couchSea,  Phlegmatia  dolens — ce. de  la  Glotte,
(Edema of the glottis — oe.  de  la Glotte, Angina
oedematosa— ce. du Tiean cellulaire dee nouveau-
nSe, Induration of the  cellular tissue.
  CEDEMOSAR'CA, QEdematoear'ca.   A species
of  tumour mentioned by M. A. Severinus, which
holds a middle  place between oedema and sarcoma,
   CEDEMOSCHEOCELE, CEdematoscheocele.
   CEIL, Eye—ce. de Baeufi Anthemis  tinctoria—
 ce.  Double, Binoculus—ae. de Liivre, Lagophthal-
 mus—oe. Simple, see Monoculus.
   QEILLET GIROFLEE,  Dianthus  caryophyl-
 lus.       v
   CE1LLIERE, Scaphium oculare.
   (ENAN'THE, OJ!.  eroca'ta  seu charoph^di
fo'liie,  Hemlock dropwort, Hemlock water-drop-
 wort.   Nat.  Ord. Umbelliferae.   Sex.  Syat. Pen-
 tandria Digynia, from  otvos,  ' wine,' and av&os, ' a
 flower;' its  flowers  smelling like .the vine.  A
 violent  poison of  the acro-narcotic  class.  Its
juice has been recommended in certain cutaneous
 diseases; but it is scarcely ever  used.  It is em-
 ployed in fomentations.
   CEnanthe Aquatica, Phellandrium  aquaticum
 —ce. Phellandrium, Phellandrium aquaticum—oe.
 Striata rigida, Seseli tortuosum.
   (ENELiE'ON, from otvos, 'wine,'  and tXatov,
 'oil.'   A mixture of oil and wine.—Galen.  Also,
 rectified spirit or alcohol.
   (ENOG'ALA, otvoyaXa, from  otvos, 'wine,' and
 yaXa, ' r^pk,'—'a mixture of wine and  milk.'
 According to some, wine as  warm as new milk.
   CENOG'ARON,   Garum vino mietum.   Wine
 mixed  with garum.—Aetius.
    OENOLATURE, see Vinum.
   (ENOLE, see Vinum.
   OENOLOTIF (¥.).   A  name given  by M 
CENOIDES
646
OGLA
Beral to a medicine  intended  for external use,
whose excipient is wine.
  (ENOIDES, Vinous.
  CENOMA'NIA, Oinoma'nia, from otvos,' wine,'
and mania.  Delirium tremens.  Properly,  wine-
mania.   An  insatiable  desire for intoxicating
liquors.
  (E'NOMEL, CEnom'eli, from otvos, ' wine,' and
utXt, 'honey.'  Mel vino'eum, Muleum  Vino'eum.
Honey wine.   Wine mead.   See Hydromel.
  CENOPHLYGIA, Temulentia.
  CENOPHLYXIS, Temulentia.
  CENOS, Wine.
  (ENOSTAGMA, Spiritus vini rectificatus.
  CENOTHE'RA BIEN'NIS, OE. Mollia'eima seu
murica'ta seu gauroVdee, On'agra, Evening Prim-
rose,  Tree Primrose,  Primroee  tree,  Cure-all,
Scabiah.   An indigenous plant, common on the
borders of fields, and in  natural hedges.  Ord.
Onagraceae.  Sex.  Syat.  Octandria Monogynia.
Its  properties  are   mucilaginous  and slightly
acrid.  A decoction has been used in cases  of in-
fantile and other eruptions.
  (Enothera Gauroides, 0. biennis — oe. Muri-
cata, 0. biennis.
  (ESOPHAGE'AL,  (Eaophaga'ua, (F.)  CEso-
phagien.  Same etymon as cesophagus.  Relating
or belonging to the oesophagus.
  Oesophageal Ap'erture  op the Di'aphragm,
Fora'men ceeophage'urn,  (F.)  Ouverture ceeopha-
gienne du diaphragme.  An  opening in the dia-
phragm for the passage of the oesophagus.
  (Esophageal Aperture op the Stomach.  A
name given to the superior  or cardiac orifice of
the  stomach, to distinguish it from the inferior or
pyloric.   See Cardia.
  (Esophageal  Muscle, QEsophaga'us.   Some
anatomists have given this name to the transverse
muscular  fibres which  surround  the  oesophagus
at its upper extremity.
  (Esophageal  Tube, see Tube, oesophageal.
  CESOPHAGEURYS'MA,   QEaoph'ague euccen-
luria'tue,  from otaotpayos, 'the oesophagus,' and
tvivaiia, ' dilatation.'  Dilatation of the cesopha-
gus.
  (ESOPHAGIALGIA, (Esophagismus.
  CESOPHAGIARCTIA, Dysphagia constricta.
  CESOPHAGIEN,  (muscle), Constrictor oeso-
phagi.
  CESOPHAGIS'MUS, CEaophagie'mum. A name
given by Vogel to spasm of  the oesophagus, Dye-
pha'gia Spasmod'ica  seu Spaa'tica seu Nervo'aa,
Strictu'ra  aesoph'agi epaemod'ica,  (Eaophagial-
gia, CEsophagospasm'ns,  Tenee'mue  Gula, (F.)
TSnesme de I'aeeophage.   By some used synony-
mously with  oesophagitis, dysphagia, and con-
traction of the oesophagus.
  CESOPHAGFTIS,  Angi'na seu Cynan'che aeeo-
phaga'a,  Dyepha'gia inflammato'ria,  Inflamma'-
tio  aesoph'agi seu Gula, (F.) Angine ceeopha-
gienne.   Inflammation of the oesophagus.
  CESOPHAGODYN'IA, from otooifiayos,  'the
oesophagus,' and oivvn, 'pain.'  Pain in the oeso-
phagus.
  CESOPHAGOPATIII'A,  Morbus  OEeoph'agi,
from  otaotpayos,  ' the  oesophagus,' and  irados,
' disease.'  A  morbid condition of the oesopha-
gus.
  (ESOPHAGOPLE'GIA, Dyepha'gia paralyl-
ica,  Lamoparaly'eie,  from  otaotpayos,  ' the oeso-
phagus,' and irXtiyvt ' a stroke.'  Paralysis  of the
oesophagus.                        ^
  CESOPHAGORRHAG"IA,from o.troflyos,'the
oesophagus,' and payn, ' a rupture.  Hemorrhage
from the oesophagus.
  CESOPHAGORRHCE'A, from  oioot/iayat, 'the
oesophagus,' and ptut,  ' I flow.'  Discharge of
blood or mucus from  the oesophagus.
  (ESOPHAGOSPAS'MUS, from  otaofayof, 'the
 oesophagus,' and orraapos, ' spasm.'  Spasm of the
 oesophagus.
   CESOPHAGOT'OMY, CEeophagotom'ia,  from
 otaotpayos, ' the oesophagus,' and rtpvttv, ' to  cut.'
 An  incision  made  into the oesophagus  for the
 purpose of extracting foreign bodies from it.
   (ESOPH'AGUS, from  oto>,  'future' otau, 'I
 carry,' and ipayoj, ' I eat;' Gula, Fie'tula  ciba'Hs,
 Fis'tttla seu Infiindib'ulum  Ventric'uli,  Via etoul-
 achi et ventris,  Gluttus.   The Gullet,  (Prov.)
 Wizen.   A  musculo-membranous canal, cylin-
 drical,  and  depressed  from  before to  bebind,
 which extends from the inferior extremity of the,
 pharynx to the upper orifice of the stomach.  At
 its origin, it  is situate  in  the  median line; but
 beneath the larynx, it deviates to the left, and in
 tbe  chest experiences  different reflections.  In
 its cervical portion, it corresponds, behind,  with
 the  spine; before, with  the larynx and trachea;
 and, at the sides, it is close to the primitive caro-
 tids, internal jugular veins,  par vagum, recur-
 rent nerves, Ac.  In its inferior or thoracic por-
 tion, the oesophagus is entirely contained in the
 posterior  mediastinum ; and enters the abdomen
 through the oesophageal aperture, Fora'men  oeso-
 phage'um, of  the  diaphragm.  The oesophagus
 is composed  of a  very strong muscular layer,
 sometimes called Tunica vagina'lis gula ; formed,
 itself, of two  sets  of fibres,  the  external being
 general longitudinal, the internal transverse or
 annular.  2. Of a  mucous membrane which is
 soft, fine, thin, and white,  especially at its lower
 part.  It is continuous, above, with the mucous
 membrane of  the  pharynx.   The mucous  folli-
 cles, found  beneath  it, are  not  numerous, and
| have been called Oesophageal glands.   The  arte-
i ries of the oesophagus proceed, in the neck,  from
 the  thyroid; in the chest, from the bronchial ar-
 teries and directly from the aorta;—in the abdo-
 men, from  the inferior phrenic, and  coronaria
 ventriculi.  Its veins empty themselves  into the
 inferior thyroid, the  vena  cava superior, the in-
 ternal mammary, azygos, bronchial, phrenic, and
 coronaria ventriculi.   Its lymphatics pass into
 the  ganglia surrounding it.  Its nerves are afforded
 by the pharyngeal  and pulmonary plexuses; by
 the  cardiac nerves;  the  thoracic ganglia,  and,
 especially, by the  pneumogastrics and their re-*
 current branches.
   CEsophagus Succenturiatus, Pharvngocele.
   CESTROMANIA, Nymphomania.
   CESTRUATION, Orgasm, see Heat
   CESTRUM. Clitoris.
   CEstrum  Ven'eris,  CE.  vene'reum,  QEetrus
 vene'reus; from otarpos, oeetrua, 'a violent impuise
 or desire.'  A vehement desire for sexual inter-
 course.   Orgasm.  With  some, oestrum  signifies
 Clitoris.
   (ESTRUS, Clitoris, see Ectozoa—oe. Venereus,
 CEstrum  venereum.
   CE'SYPUS, from ots,  'a sheep.'  The greasy
 matter of unwashed wool; formerly employed in
 friction in diseased joints.
   CEUFS, Ova.
   OFFICE,   PHYSICIAN'S   or  SURGEON'S,
 Iatrion.
   OFFICINA, Pharmacopolium.
   OFFICINAL,  Officina'lis, from ojficina, for
 opificina, (from opifiex (opus and facio,)  'a work-
 man,') 'a shop.'  An epithet for medicines found
 in the shop of the  apothecary, ready prepared__
 usua'lia ; in  opposition to magistral or extempo-
 raneous,—those prepared after the prescription of
 the  physician.
   OFFIUM,  Affion, Opium.
   OFFSPRING, Epigone.
   OFFUSCATIO,  Amaurosis.
   OGLA. Oo^ala. 
OGNON                6 4
  OGNON, a Corn—o. Marin, Seilla.
  OHI'O, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   Yellow
Spring is a chalybeate, situate in Greene county, [
64 miles from  Cincinnati.   It is somewhat fre- j
quented.
  OIDIUM ABORTIFACIENS, see Ergot —o. j
Albicans, Aphthaphyte—o. Schoenleini, see Por-
rigo favosa.
  OIE, Sorbus domestica.
  OIGNON, Allium cepa.
  OIKEIOMANIA, CEciomania.
  OIL, O'leum, Eia'on, tXatov, (F.) Huile; from
sXaia, 'the olive.'  A collective name, under which
two classes of fluids aro included, very different
from each other:  those belonging to the one class,
aro viscid,  mawkish  or almost insipid; those of
the other are nearly devoid of visoidity, and are
caustic Rnd very volatile.   The former  are called
fat or fixed oile; the latter  volatile or essential
oils or easencea.
  Oil, see  Ricinus communis.
  Oil op Almonds, Oleum amygdalarum—o.  of
bitter Almonds, Oleum amygdalae  amarae—o. of
Amber, rectified, see Succinum — o. of  Anda, see
Anda — o.  Animal,  Oleum  animale — o. Animal,
of Dippel,  Oleum animale  Dippelii — o. of Bay,
Daphnelason — o. of Bays, Oleum  laurinum—o.
and  Beeswax, Unguentum cerae—o. of Ben, see
Guilandina moringa—o. of Benjamin or Benzoin,
Oleum benzoini — o. Benne, see  Sesamum orien-
tale — o. of Bergamot, see Bergamot
  Oil, British.  An empirical preparation often
used  in  cases  of sprains.   A committee  of the
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy recommended
the following form for its preparation.—Ol. Tere-
binth., Ol.  Lini uaitatie. aa  f.^iij. Ol. Succini.,
 01. Juniper, aa f^iv,  Petrol. Barbadene. f^iij,
 Petrol. American. {Seneca  Oil,)  f^j.  M.
   Oil op Cacao, Butter of Cacao — o. of Cade,
 Bee Juniperus  Oxycedrus—o. Carron, Linimentum
 aquae  calcis—o. of  the Cashew nut, see Anacar-
 dium  occidentale — o. Castor, see Ricinus com-
 munis— o. of Chabert, Oleum animale empyreu-
 maticum Chaberti — o. of  Cinnamon, see Laurus
 cinnamomum—o. of Cloves,  Eugenia caryophyl-
 lata— o. Cod,  0. Jecoris aselli—o. Codliver,  0.
 Jecoris aselli—o. of Copaiba, Oleum Copaibae—o.
 Cornspirit, Oil, fusel—o. of Cubebs,  see Piper
 cubeba—o. of Cypress, Cyprinum oleum — o. of
 Dill,  see Anethum graveolens—0. Dippel's, Oleum
 animale Dippelii—o. of Egg, see Ovum—o. Ethe-
 real,  Oleum JEthereum—o. Flaxseed, see  Linum
 usitatissimum.
   Oil, Fusel, Alcohol amyl'icum (Ph. D.), Fon-
 eel oil, Pota'to oil,  Grain oil, Cornepirit oil, Po-
 ta'to  epirit oil, Oil ofi potatoee,  Amyl'ic alcohol,
 Hy'drated oxide ofiamyle, ((G.) F u s eI, an epithet
 for poor brandy.)   An acrid  volatile oil,  formed
 in the manufacture  of potato brandy, and which
 is not easily separable  from it.   Its chemical
 constitution is analogous  to  that of alcohol.  It
 exhales a powerful and  peculiarly suffocating
 odour.  S. g. -818.   In small doses it is highly
 stimulating,—acting like narcotics in general.  In
 large doses it destroys-the mucous membrane of
 the stomach.   It is used by the Dublin  College
 in the preparation of Sodae valerianas.
   Oil, Grain, Oil, fusel.
   Oil, Haerlem.  An empirical preparation sup-
 posed to consist chiefly of petroleum, turpentine,
 and balsam of sulphur.  Used internally in renal
 and rheumatic affections.
   Oil, Kruhholz, see Pinus mughos — o. of Le-
 mons,  see Citrus  medica — o.  Lily, see  Lilium
 candidum — o. of Mace, expressed, see Myristica
 — o. of Mastich, see  Pistacia Lentiscus—o. of
 Mucilages, Oleum  e mucilaginibus — o.  Neats-
 foot, Oleum bubulum — o. of Nicodemus, Nico-
OINTMENT
demi oleum—o. Nut, Juglans einerea—o. of Nut-
megs, see Myristica moschata — o. Olive, Oleum
olivae—o. Palm, see Cocos butyracea—o. Paper,
Pyrothonide—o. Parsley, Apiol—o. Pennyroyal,
see Hedeoma pulegioides—o. of Pike, Oleum lucii
piscis—o. of Potatoes, Oil, fusel — o. Potato, Oil,
fusel—o. Potato spirit, Oil. fusel — o. Rag, Pyro-
thonide—o. Red, see  Hypericum perforatum—o.
Rock, Petroleum — o. of Rose Geranium, Oleum
graminis Indici—o. of Roses, see Rosa centifolia
—o. of Rue, Peganelseon, see Ruta—o. Skateliver,
see Oleum  Jecoris aselli—o. of Spike. Oleum tere-
binthinae — o. of St. John's Wort, see Hypericum
perforatum — o. Salad, Oleum olivae—o. of Scor-
pion, see Scorpion — o. Seneca. Petroleum, New
York — o. of Spike, see Lavandula spica—o. of
Spikenard, Oleum  graminis Indici — o.  Sulphu-
retted, Balsamum sulphuris simplex—o. of Tar-
tar, Liquor potassae subcarbonatis—o. of Tobacco,
Oleum tabaci — o. of Turpentine, Oleum  terebin-
thinse — o. of Turpentine, rectified, Oleum tere-
binthinae  rectificatum — o.  of  Valerian,  Oleum
Valerianae  — o. of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid — o. of
Wine, Oleum aethereum.
   Oils, Animal, Olea animalia—o. Distilled, Olea
volatilia.—o. Empyreumatic. Olea empyreumatica
—o. Essential, Olea volatilia — o.  Ethereal, Olea
volatilia—o. Expressed, Olea fixa—o. Fatty, Olea
fixa—o. Fixed, Olea fixa—o. Fugacious,  Olea fu-
gacia—o. Medicinal,  Olea medicinalia—o. Vola-
tile, Olea volatilia.
   OILY, Oleaginous—o. Grain, Sesamum orient-
 ale.
   OINOMANIA, CEnomania.
   OINOS  KRITHES, Cerevisia.
   OINTMENT, Unguentum—o. Antimonial, Un-
 guentum antimonii — o. of Antimony, tartarized,
 Unguentum antimonii.              .
   Ointment, Arsen'ical, of Sir Aetley Cooper.
 This is made of arsenious acid £j ; sulphur, *Jj i
spermaceti cerate, t^j.  It is spread on  lint, and
 applied to cancerous sores.
   Ointment, Basilicon, Unguentum resinae—o.
 Bay, Unguentum laurinum — o.  of  Belladonna,
 Unguentum belladonnae — o. Blister,  Cerate  of
 cantharides — o. Blistering, green, Unguentum
 lyttae medicatum—o. Blistering, milder, Unguen-
 tum lyttae — o.  Blistering, yellow, Unguentum
 lyttae medicatum  aliud — o.  Blue,  Unguentum
 hydrargyri — o.  Citrine, Unguentum  hydrargyri
 nitratis—o. of Cocculus Indicus, Unguentum coe-
 culi—o. of Creasote. Unguentum creasoti—o. Cu-
 cumber, see Cucumis sativus — o. Cyrillo's, Un-
 guentum  muriatis hydrargyri oxygenati medica-
 tum— o.  Digestive, simple, Unguentum  digesti-
 vum  simplex — o. Edinburgh,  see  Unguentum
 veratri — o. Elder, Unguentum sambuci — o. of
 Elemi, Unguentum elemi compositum—o. for the
 Eyes, (Smellome's,) see Ceratum  resinae — o.  of
 Galls, Unguentum galia?—o. of Galls, compound,
 Unguentum gallae compositum — o.  Garlic, see
 Allium — o. of Geranium, Oleum graminis Indici
j —o. Gingergrass  of Nemaur,  Oleum   graminis
 Indici—o. Golden, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrU
 co-oxidi—o. Golden, Singleton's,  see Singleton's
 golden ointment — o. Goulard's, Ceratum plumbi
 compositum—o. Grass of Nemaur, Oleum grami-
 nis Indici—o. Green, Unguentum sambuci — o.
 Hellebore, white, Unguentum veratri—o. of Hem-
 lock.Unguentum conii—o. of Hydriodate of Potass,
 Unguentum potassae hydriodatis—o. of Iodide of
 Lead, Unguentum plumbi iodidi—o. of Iodide of
 Mercury Unguentum hydrargyri iodidi—o. of
 red  IdHe of Mercury, Unguentum hydrargyri
 iodidi rubri — o. of Iodide  of  Sulphur,  Unguen-
 tum sulphuris iodidi—o. of Iodine, Unguentum
 Iodini — o.  of Iodine,  compound,  Unguentum
 iodini compositum—o. Issue, Dr. Physick's,  see
 Unguentum  lyttae  medicatum  aliud—o.  Itch. 
OIOCALYMMA            648         OLEA  VOLATILIA
Unguentum sulphuris compositum—o. Itch, Bai- |
ley's, see Unguentum sulphuratum ad scabiem—
o. Itch, Bateman's, see Unguentum sulphuratum
alcalinum ad scabiem—o. Itch, Helmerick's, Un-
guentum sulphuratum alcalinum ad scabiem—o.
Itch, Jackson's, Unguentum sulphuris composi-
tum — o. Lead,  compound,  Unguentum plumbi
compositum—o. of white oxide of Lead, Unguen-
tum oxidi plumbi  albi—o. of  Lydia, Bacaris—o.
Marshmallow, Unguentum de althaea. •— o. Mer-
curial,  Unguentum hydrargyri — o. Mercurial,
milder, see Unguentum hydrargyri—o. Mercurial,
strong, see Unguentum hydrargyri—o. of nitrate
of Mercury, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis—o.
of gray oxide of Mercury, Unguentum oxidi hy-
drargyri cinerei — o. of nitric oxyd  of Mercury,
Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi — o.  of
Mezereon,  Unguentum mezerei — o. of  Nitrous
acid,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi — o.  of Pitch,
Unguentum  resinae nigrae—o. of  Pitch, black,
Unguentum  resinae  nigrae — o. Plunkett's, for
cancer, Plunkett's ointment — o. red Precipitate,
Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi — o.  of
white Precipitate,  Unguentum hydrargyri prae-
cipitati albi — o.  Resin, Ceratum  resinae  flavae
— o.  Re~in, black,  Unguentum  resinae nigrae
— o. of Rosewater, Unguentum aquae  rosae —
o.   Soldier's,  Martiatum   unguentum — o.  of
Spanish  flies,   Cerate  of  Cantharides,   Ungu-
entum lyttae — o.  Spermaceti,  Unguentum  ce-
tacei— o. of  Stramonium, Unguentum  stramonii
— o. of Subaeetate of copper, Unguentum sub-
acetatis cupri — o.  of Sugar of lead, Unguentum
plumbi superacetatis — o.  Sulphur,  Unguentum
sulphuris—o. Sulphur, compound,  Unguentum
sulphuris compositum—o. Tar, Unguentum picis
liquidae—o. Tartar emetic, Unguentum  antimonii
—o. Tobacco, Unguentum Tabaci—o. Tutty, Un-
guentum oxidi zinci impuri:—o. Verdigris, Ungu-
entum subacetatis  cupri—o. Wax,  Unguentum
ocrae—o. White, Unguentum oxidi plumbi albi—
o. Zinc, Unguentum zinci—o.  of impure oxide of
Zinc, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri.
   OIOCALYM'MA, Oiocalyp'trum; from mov,
uov,  'egg,' and eaXvvrttv, 'to cover;' Membra'na
O'vuli cortica'lis.   The membrane  of the egg-
shell.
   OKRA, Hibiscus esculentus.
   OLD AGE, Senectus.
   OLD MAN, Artemisia abrotanum.
   OLD WIFE'S SHIRT, Liriodendron.
   OLEA ANIMA'LIA, Animal oils, (F.) Hniles
ani males.   A name given to fixed oils holding in
solution the mucilaginous and gelatinous princi-
ples  of certain  animals, as the Oil  of firoge,  Oil
of scorpions,  Oil  of epidere, Ac.   Sometimes,
also, the term  animal oile is given  to  empyreu-
matic oils, produced during the decomposition of
animal substances by heat
   Olea Destillata, 0. Volatilia.
   Olea  Empyreumat'ica, Empyreumat'ic oile,
(F.)  Hniles empyreiimatiques ou  pyrogSnSee, Py-
rSlaiites.   Oils which  have  an empyreumatic or
burnt smell.  They are obtained by treating vege-
table or animal  matters by heat, in close vessels.
They do not  exist in organized  bodies, but are
formed during their decomposition by fire.   The
animal oil of Dippel is an empyreumatic oil.
   Olea Europjb'a, 0. eati'vu  seu lancifo'lia seu
polymor'pha  seu   Gallica,  Oliva,  Olive tree,
tXaia, Eia'a,  (F.) Olivier; (Fruit) Olive.   Nat. \
Ord. Jasmineae.   Sex.  Syet. Diandria  Monogy- j
nia.   The leaves of the olive  are bittM^d an '
extract prepared  from them, and a sunstance
called olivlna, the bitter principle of tbe leaves, j
have been given in Italy ae antiperiodics.  The I
fruit, when pickled, is extremely  grateful to some j
stomachs.  Olives, as met with in the shops, are |
prepared from the green, unripe fruit, repeatedly J
steeped in water.  To this^ some  quicklime  or
alkaline  salt is added, and, afterwards, they are
washed and preserved in a pickle of common snlt
and water.  From this  fruit is prepared the Olive
oil or Salad oil of the  Pharmacopoeias, which is
obtained  by grinding   and  pressing the  olives,
when thoroughly ripe.   The finer  and purer oil
issues  first by gentle pressure, and the inferior
sort on heating what is left,  and pressing it more
strongly.   See Oleum Olivae.  In  Calabria, an
odorous  resin exudes  from  its trunk,  which is
employed as a perfume by the Neapolitans.
   A gum  flows from certain  wild olives, in warm
countries, which  consists, according to Pelletier,
of a  resin, a little benzoic  ncid, and a peculiar
substance, called  Olivile.  It is in yellow masses,
of a slightly acrid taste, and of a  vanilla smell.
It is called Olea gummi, 0. resi'na, and 0. bals'-
amum, (F.) Gomme olivier, and is esteemed astrin-
gent and detersive.
   Olea Fixa seu Pin'guia, Expreeeed, Fixed
or Fatty oile, (F.) Huilee fixee ou graeeee,  OlSole.
All the oils obtained from the seeds or pericarps
of vegetables, without distillation, and which are
viscid, but slightly odorous  and sapid;  lighter
than water, and insoluble in alcohol.  The  ran-
cidity  of oils depends on the absorption  of oxy-
gen,  and therefore they should be kept in bulk
as much  as possible, and  in  narrow-necked bot-
tles, so that a very small surface only can be ex-
posed to the air.  All the fixed oils are emollient,
and,  in" a certain dose, they act as purgatives and
emetics.   They  are prepared by expressing the
fruit or seed containing them.
   Olea Fuga'cia, Fnga'cioue  oile,  (F.)  Huilee
fugacee.   A name given to oils which are so vo-
latile  that, in order to obtain them, recourse must
be bad to a different process from that employed
for other essential oils.  Such are the oils of jes-
samine, lily, violet, Ac.
   Olea Gallica, 0. Europaea—o. Lancifolia, 0.
Europaea.
   Olea  Medicina'lia,  Medic"inal oile,  (F.)
Huilee MSdicinalee,  ElSolSe,  Solution  par  lee
huilee.  A name given  to oils prepared by mace-
rating, infusing,  or boiling medicinal substances
in olive or any other fixed oils.  These oils  may
then  be  regarded as  oily  solutions of certain
medicinal substances; whence they can never be
simple.  They have, however, been  divided into
eimple and compound  medicinal oile.   To the
former belong the Oile ofi St. John'e wort, of the
Solanum nigrum, Ac;  to  the other—which have
often  been called Oily baleame, (F.)  Baumee hui-
leux—the Bahame ofi Fioraventi, Metz, Ac.  Me-
dicinal oils  are,  almost always, employed exter-
nally.
   Olea Polymorpha, 0. Europaea—o. Sativa,  0.
Europaea.
   Olea  Volatil'ia, 0.  deetilla'ta,  -tEthero'lea,
Volatile,  Ethe'real,  Eeeential, or Dietilled  oile,
Ee'eencee, (F.) Huilee volatilee  ou  eseentiellee oa
dietillSee  ou  SthSrSee,  olSolate,  olSulee, olSoles.
Oils found in  aromatic vegetables, and in every
part of them, except in the interior of the seeds.
The  majority are obtained  by distillation; but
some  by  expression.   They possess unctuosity,
inflammability, and viscidity, like the fixed oils ;
but they  are generally  odoriferous, pungent, and
acrid.  The greater part are lighter than water ;
but some are heavier, and congeal at a moderate
temperature.   They dissolve, in small quantity.
in distilled water, by simple agitation.  Almost
all are soluble in  alcohol.  The odour and taste
are the usual tests of their goodness.  To preserve
them,  they  should  be kept  in  a  cool  place,  in
small  bottles, quite full and  well corked.  Vola-
tile oils are possessed of tbe  aromatic properties
of the plants  whence they are obtained.  They 
OLEAGINOUS
649
OLEUM  CEDRINUM
are all, when applied 'externally, stimulant and
rubefacient   Pharmaceutical  preparations,  in
which substances are dissolved  in volatile oils,
(F.) Solutions par lee huilee volatilee, are termed
by Beral, MyrolSa.
  OLEAG"INOUS,  Oleagino'sua, Oleo'aus, (F.)
OlSagineiix ; from oleum, 'oil.'  Oily: containing
oil,—as ' an oleaginoue or oily mixture.'
  OLEA'MEN,   Oleameiltum.   Same   etymon.
Any soft ointment prepared of oil.—Scribonius.
  OLEANDER, Rhododendron chrysanthemum.
  OLECRANARTHRI'TIS, from olecranon,
apdpov, 'joint,' and  itie, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the elbow joint.
  OLECRANARTHROCACE,  from  toXtepavov,
'the olecranon,' apSpov, 'articulation,' and  xaxta,
'vice or disease.'  Inflammation of the articular
surfaces of the elbow.—Rust.
  OLECRAN'IAL,  (F.) OlScranien.   Relating
or belonging to the olecranon.
  OLECRANOID CAVITY, see Ulna.
  OLECRANON, Olecra'non, Olec'ranum, Olec-
ranon mob'He ;  from taXtvn,  'the  elbow,'  and epa-
vov, ' the head.'   Acrole'nion, Additamen'tum ne-
ca'tum, Ancan, Procee'eus ancone'ua seu uncina'tue,
Glana seu Coro'na seu Coro'na posterior seu Ad-
ditamen'tum unca'tum Ulna,  Vertex Cu'biti, Pa-
tella fixa, Rostrum exter'num seu poete'riue, Top
ofi the cubit.  Head or protection of the elbow.
A large process  at the upper extremity of the
ulna, on  which  we lean.   When this process is
fractured, it is apt to be drawn up by the triceps,
and much care is required to keep the parts in
apposition.
  OLEFIANT GAS, CHLORIDE OF, see Anaes-
thetic.
  OLEIN, see Fat — o. Codliver, see  Oleum je-
coris aselli.
  OLENE, Ulna.
  OLEO-CERATUM, Cerate—o. c. Aqua subac-
tum, Ceratum  Galeni.
  OLEO-CEROLE, Cerate.
   OLEO-CEROLE RESINEUX, Unguentum.
   OLE OL ATS, Olea volatilia.
   OLEOLES, Olea volatilia.
  OLEOLS, Olea fixa.
   OLEO-SACCHAROLE', Elaeosaccharum.
  OLEOSACCHARUM, Elaeosaccharum.
  OLEOSUS, Oleaginous.
  OLERA, see  Lachanon.
  OLETTE,  MINERAL  WATERS OF.   At
Olette, in the department PyrgnSes Orientales, is
a thermal spring, which raises the thermometer
to 190° Fahr.   It is the hottest in France.
   OLE'ULES,  Olea volatilia.
  OLEUM, Oil — o. Abietis, see  Pinus picea—o.
Absintbii, Artemisia absinthium, (oil  of) — o.
Acusticum, Huile acouelique.
  Oleum ^the'reum, Spir'itue a'therie oleo'eue,
JEthe'real oil (formed in the distillation of ether),
Oleum vini,  Oil ofi wine. Heavy oil of wine, Sweet
oil  of vit'riol, (F.)  Huile douce de vin.   A pecu-
liar oleaginous  matter, obtained by continuing
the distillation, after the whole of the sulphuric
ether has passed over in the process for the pre-
paration  of the  latter.   It  is used only as an in-
gredient in the  compound spirit of ether.   It  is
officinal in the Ph.  U. S.
  Oleum  Ammoniatum, Linimentum  ammonias
fortius.
  Oleum  Amyg'daljE Ama'r.*, Oil of Bitter
Almonds.  An  oil,  obtained  by distilling  with
water the kernels or the fruit of Amygdalus  com-
munis—variety,  Amara.  Its  action is like that
of hydrocyanic acid—four drops having destroyed
a dog.   Dose, a quarter  of a drop to a drop.  A
drop to  a fluidounce of water  forms a -vpash,
which has been used in Prurigo senilis, and othei
forms of itching.
  Oleum Amygdala'rum, Oleum amyg'dala, OH
of Almonds, (F.) Huile  d'amandes.   (Expressed
from both sweet and bitter almonds,—Amygdalus
communis.) j|xvj of almonds yield 5fv of oil.  It
is inodorous, insipid, and of a  pale straw colour,
and is employed as a demulcent and  emollient.
  Oleum  Anacardii, see Anacardium occiden-
tals.
  Oleum Anima'le, An'imal oil,  (F.) Huile ani-
male.  An oil obtained by the  decomposition of
the immediate principles of animals,  subjected to
the action of heat.   It is fetid, and  always  con-
tains a  certain  quantity of subcarbonate of am-
monia.  See  Olea  Empyreumatica.  Tbe  name
animal oil is sometimes also given to the fat con-
tained in the fatty vesicles.   The composition of
this  fat does not, indeed, differ from that of the
fixed oil.
  Oleum  Anima'le Dippe'lii,  0. cornu cervi, 0.
C. C. rectifica'tum, 0. pyro-anima'le depura'tum
seu anima'le athe'reum,  Pyro'leum oe'aium recti-
fica'tum, Animal oil, Animal oil  ofi  Dippel, (F.)
Huile animale de Dippel ou de come de cerf, is
obtained by distilling animal matters, especially
hartshorn, on the naked fire.   The subcarbonate
of ammonia, which it contains, renders it partly
soluble  in water, and communicates to  it  the
stimulant properties for which  it is used in medi-
cine.  It is employed as an antispasmodic.
  Oleum  Anima'le Empyreumat'icum Chaber'-
TI, 0. Empyreumat'icum seu anthelmin'ticum  seu
contra  ta'niam Chaber'ti,  Empyreumat'ic oil of
Chabert,  Oil of Chabert, (F.)  Huile anthelmin-
tique de Chabert, is made by adding one part of
animal  oil to three parts of  oil of turpentine,
leaving them to combine for four days, and then
distilling three parts. An effective anthelmintic.
Dose, a teaspoonful three times a day.
  Oleum Animaliza'tum per  Infusio'nem, (F.)
Huile  animaliaSe par infusion,  H.  aromatiqu*
ou  de  petite chiene.  A preparation,  formerly
esteemed  tonic and cephalic.  It was  obtained
by boiling new-born puppies in oil,  first depriv-
ing  them of  their blood, skin,  and intestines.
When the decoction was cold,  origanum, thyme,
pennyroyal, St. John's wort, and marjoram were
added.
  Oleum  Anisi, see Pimpinella anisum — o. An-
thelminticum Chaberti, Oleum  animale empyreu-
maticum Chaberti—o. Anthemidis, see Anthemis
nobilis — o. Aurantii, see Citrus  aurantium — o.
Balaninum,  Guilandina  moringa  (oleum) — a.
Balsami, see Amyris opobalsamum.
  Oleum  Benzo'ini, Oil of Benzoin or Benjamin.
An oil obtained by heating, in a sand-bath, the
matter which remains after benzoic acid has been
separated from benzoin  by the aid  of heat.  It
has been regarded as balsamic  and sudorific.
  Oleum  Bergamii, see Bergamot.
  Oleum  Bu'bulum, Neals-foot  oil, (F.) Huile
de piede de bosufi.   It is obtained by boiling in
water for a long time the feet  of the beef—Boe
domes'tiens—previously deprived  of the hoof.  It
is introduced into the officinal list of the Ph. U.
S. as an ingredient of the ointment of nitrate of
mercury.
  Oleum  Qj^ao Spissatum, Butter of Cacao—
o. Cadinum^see Juniperus oxycedrus — o. Caju-
puti, Caieput (oil) — o. Camphoratum, Linimen-
tum camphorae—o. Cari sen Carui, Carum (oleum)
—o. Caryophylli, see Eugenia caryophyllata.
  Oleum  Ced'rini'm, Essentia  de  cedro,  (F.)
Huile de cSdrat.  The oil of the peel of citrons, 
OLEUM  CHABERTI         650               OLFACTIF
 obtained in Italy in a particular manner, without
 distillation.
   Oleum Chaberti, 0. animale empyreumaticum
 Chaberti—o. Chenopodii, see  Chenopodium an-
 thelminticum—o. Cicinum, see Ricinus commu-
 nis— o. Cinnamomi, see Laurus  cinnamomum —
 o. Contra Taeniam  Chaberti, Oleum animale em-
 pyreumaticum Chaberti.
   Oleum Copa'ib.*:, Oil of Copa'iba.   (Copaib.
 Ibij ;  Aqua, cong. iv. Distil three gallons ; sepa-
 rate the oil; return the water to the copaiba, and
 again distil three gallons.   Separate  the oil, and
 add it to the other. Ph. U. S.)   Dose, gtt x to
 xxx.
   Oleum Cornu Cervi, 0. animale Dippelii — o.
 Cubebae, see Piper cubebae—o. Euphorbiae lathy-
 ridis, see Euphorbia lathyris — o. Fixum nucum
 cocos butyraceae, see Cocos butyracea—o. Fosni-
 culi, see Anethum—o. Gabianum, Petroleum—o.
 Gallinae, Alkale — o. Gaultherise, see Gaultheria
 —o, Hedeomae, see Hedeoma pulegioides—o. Hy-
 perici, see Hypericum perforatum — o.  Infernale,
 Jatropha curcas (oil).
   Oleum Gram'inis In'dici, Graee-oil of Nemaur,
 Gingergraee oil, called, by the perfumers, oil of
 gera'nium, and  oi7 ofi rose geranium, and occa-
 sionally sold as oil ofi epikenard, is obtained from
 Andropogon catamite aromaticus of India.  It is
 used  as a perfume, and like the  essential oils in
 general.
   Oleum  Jec'oris Asel'li, 0.  Mor'rhua seu
 Jec'orie Morrhua seu Jecin'orie Aaelli,  Axun'gia
 Ga'di, A. Pieci'na mari'na, Codliver  oil, Cod oil,
 (F.) Huile de  morue ou de Foie de morue.  The
 animal oil, which  appears under this  name  in
 commerce, is obtained from several of the species
 belonging to the genus Gadus.  The  Cod, Gadue
 mor'rhua ; the Doree or Dorech, Gadue Calla'ria8,
 Morrhua  America'na ; the Coalfish,  Gadue car-
 bona'riue; the Burbot, Gadue lota, Lota vulga'ria ;
 the Pollock, Gadue polla'chiue; the  Ling, Lota
 molva; the Torsk, Broe'miue vulga'rie.   There is
 reason also to  believe,  that on the  American
 coast it is obtained, also, from the Hake, Gadue
 merluc'ciue, and the Haddock, Gadue aglifi'nue.
 The clearest sorts are generally used.   An excel-
 lent eutrophic, in tuberculous and strumous affec-
 tions, rheumatism,  chronic  cutaneous  diseases,
 and  tumours of the mammae, Ac.  The dose for
 an adult is from f^ij to f^iss.
   Cod liver olein, prepared by subjecting codliver
 oil to a low temperature and separating the olein
 by pressure, has been used in the same cases as
 the oil.
  Skate liver oil,  O'leum  ra'ia,  obtained  from
 Ra'ia batie and R. clava'ta, is used in  the same
 cases and doses.
  Oleum  Jecoris   Morrhu.*,  Oleum  jecoris
 aselli—o.  Juniperi, see Juniperis  communis — o.
 Juniperi empyreumaticum, see Juniperus oxyce-
 drus — o.  de  Kerva, see Ricinus  communis — o.
 Kervinum, see Ricinus communis.
  Oleum  Lauri'num,  0.  lanri,  Oil  of bays.
 An oil obtained from bayberries, and sometimes
 Used in sprains and bruises, unattended with in-
 flammation.
  Oleum  Laurinum, Daphnelaeon,  Unguentum
 L. — o. Lavandulae, see Lavandula—o. Lentisci-
 num,  Schinelaeon—o. Limonis, see Citrus medica
 —o. Lini, see Linum usitatissimum—o.  Lini cum
 calce, Linimentum aquae calcis.
  Oleum  Lu'cii Piscis, Oil of Pike.   From the
 liver  of the Eaox luciue an oil is jrfktaneously
 separated, which is used in some omHries to de-
 stroy specks on the  cornea.
  Oleum Macidis, see Myristica,
  Oleum  MALABATHRr, see Malabathrum—o.
 Mariae, see Fagara octandra — o. Mastichinum,
■ee Pistacia lentiscus—o. Melaleucas leucodendri,
 I Caieput (oil) — o. Menthae*piperitae, see Mentha
  piperita — o. Menthae viridis, Mentha viridis — o.
 I Monardae, Monarda punctata — o. Morrhuae, 0.
  jecoris aselli.
    Oleum e  Mucilagin'ibus, Oil of Mu'cilagee.
  (Rad. althaa ree. Ibss; eem. lini, eem. foenugraei,
  aa ^iij ; aqua, Oij. Boil  for half an hour;  add
  ol. oliv. Oiv; continue the boiling till the water
  is nearly consumed, and pour off the oil.) Emol-
  lient.
    Oleum Myristic./E,  see  Myristica moschata—
  o. Myristicae expressum, see Myristica—o. Neroli,
  see Citrus aurantium—o. Nucistae, see Myristica
  —o. Nucistae aethereum, see Myristica.
    Oleum Oli'v^e,  0.  oliva'rum, Olive or Salad
  oil.  An inodorous, insipid, and transparent  oil;
  obtained by expression from the olive, when ripe.
  It  is demulcent  and emollient,—possessing the
  qualities of the fixed oils in general.
    An inferior kind, obtained by boiling olives in
  water, and skimming the oil from  the surface, ia
  also used in Pharmacy.  See Olea Europaea.
    Oleum Omphacinum,  Omotribes — o.  Origani,
  see Origanum — o. Oxydi  cupri viride,  Balsam,
  green, of Metz—o. de Palma Christi, see Ricinus
  communis — o. Palmae, see Cocos butyracea — o.
  Palmae liquidum, see Ricinus  communis—o.  Pe-
  trae, Petroleum —o. Petrae  album, Naphtha — o.
  Picinum, Brutia,  Pisselaeum — o.  Pimentae,  see
  Myrtus pimenta — o. Pini purissimum,  0. tere-
  binthinsB rectificatum — o. Pulegii, see  Mentha
  pulegium — o. Pyro-animale,  0. animale  Dippelii
  —o. Raise, see Oleum  jecoris aselli — o. Ricini,
  see Ricinus communis — o. Rosae, see Rosa cen-
  tifolia—o. Rosarum, Rhodelaeon — o.  Rosmarini,
  see Rosmarinus—o. Rutae, Peganelaeon—o. Rutae,
  see Ruta — o. Sabinae, see Juniperus Sabina — o.
  Sassafras, see Laurus sassafras — o.  Sesami,  see
  Sesamum orientale — o. Sinapis, see Sinapis — o.
!  Spicae,  see Lavandula spica — o. Spicae vulgaris,
!  0. terebinthinae — o. Suceini, see Succinum—o.
  Succini rectificatum, see Succinum.
   Oleum Sulphura'tum,  Bal'eamum eulph'uris
  simplex, Sulph'urated  oil.   (Sulphur,  lot. ^ij ;
  oliva olei, Ibj.  Heat the oil  in a  large iron pot,
  and throw in the sulphur  by degrees ;  stirring
  the mixture after each addition till tbey unite.)
  It is stimulating,  and was formerly much used in
  coughs,  asthma,  Ac,  and, externally,  to  foul
  ulcers.
   Oleum Tab'aci, Oil of Tobacco.   An empy-
  reumatic  oil, obtained  from  coarsely-powdered
  tobacco by heating the  retort to dull redness.—
  Ph. U.  S.
   Oleum Tartari per Deliquium,  Liquor  po-
  tassae subcarbonatis — o. Templinum, see Pinus
  mughes.
   Oleum TEREBiN'-raixa, Oil ofi  Turpentine.
  The volatile  oil of the juice of pinus palustris,
  and other species of pinus.
   Oleum Teref.in'thinjE Rectifica'tum, 0. pini
  purie'eimum 0. T. purifiea'tum  seu terebin'thina
  athe'reum, Rectified oil ofi turpentine,  Sp. ofi tur-
 pentine.  Common oil ofi turpentine is also called
  Common oil ofi  Spike,  Oleum epica vulga're.
  (Olei terebinth. Oj : aqua, Oiv.  Distil over  the
  oil.)  It is stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and
  rubefacient.  Dose, gtt.  x to f3j.
   Gueetonian Embrocation  for  rheumatism con-
  sists  of ol.  terebinth.,  ol.  oliv.  aa f^iss;' acid
 eulph. dil. f^i'j-
   Oleum Tbeobrom>e Cacao Expressum, Butter
  of cacao—o. Tiglii, see Croton tiglium.
   Oleum  Valeria'na, Oil ofi  Vale'rian.  The
 distilled oil of the root of Valeriana officinalis.__
  Ph. U. S.  Dose, four or five drops.
   Oleum Vini, 0. aethereum—o.  Vitrioli, Sul-
 phuric acid—o. Vitrioli dulce, iEther sulphuricua.
   OLFACTIF, Olfactory. 
OLFACTION
651
OMASUM
  OLFACTION, Olfnc'tus, from olfacere, olfac- !|
tum, (olere, 'to smell,' andf'acerc, 'to make,') ' to
Bmell;' Oephre'eie, Oephnleia, Oephre'eia, Osme'-
sis,  Odora'tia,  Odora'tus, Sensue osmomet'ricus,
Sense of smell, Smelling, (F.) Odorat.  The sense
by which we perceive the impressions made  on
the olfactory nerves by the odorous particles sus-
pended in the atmosphere.  The olfactory nerve
or first pair has usually been considered the great
nerve  of smell; and it is probably the nerve of
special sensibility, general sensibility being com-
municated by the branches of the  fifth pair, dis-
tributed on the  pituitary membrane of the nose
and sinuses.
   OLFACTIVE, Olfactory.
   OLFACTORY,  Olfiactive, Olfacti'vue, Olfacto'-
riue, Oaphran'ticua,  Osphrante'riue, Osphre'ticue,
(F.)  Olfiactifi.  Same etymon.  That which be-
longs or relates to the sense of smell.
   Olfactory Bulb, see Olfactory nerves.
   Olfac'tory  Foram'ina, (F.) Troua olfactifia,
are the holes in the cribriform plate of  the eth-
moid  bone, through which the olfactory nerve
passes.
   Olfactory Lobe, see  Olfactory nerves.
   Olfac'tory Nerves,  Ethmoid'al nervee, Par
primum  Nervo'rum cer'ebri,  Nervi  odorato'rii,
Procee'eue  mamilla'ree   seu  papilla'rum   seu
mamillaree cer'ebri ad nares seu pupilla'ree, Ca-
run'cula mamilla'ree,—the first pair ofi encephalic
nerves.  This nerve, which probably arises from
the medulla oblongata, is observed  to leave  the
brain,  opposite  the  inner part of the fissure of
 Sylvius, by three  roots; which, by their union,
form a triangular knot  or expansion.  When  it
reaches the ethmoid fossa it expands and forms
 a triangular ganglion, or grayish, soft  bulb,—
Bulbus olfacto'rius, Olfactory bulb,  tubetcle,  or
 lobe, — which furnishes,  from its inferior surface,
the branches  that have  to be  distributed to the
nasal fossae.  These  filaments aro very numerous ;
they pass through the foramina in the cribriform
plate  and enter the nasal fossae.   They are dis-
tinguished into the internal, external, and middle.
 The former are distributed over the mucous mem-
brane, covering the outer  paries  of the nasal
fossae ; the second descend upon the septum, and
the third  are lost,  almost  immediately, on  the
portion of the pituitary  membrane that lines the
vault of the fossae.
   Olfactory Tubercle, see Olfactory nerves.
   OLFACTUS, Olfaction —o. Acutus, Hyperos-
phresia — o.  Amissio,  Anosmia — o. Deficiens,
Anosmia — o. Depravatus, Parosmia.
   OLIBANUM, see Juniperus  lycia—o. Sylves-
 tre, see Pinus abies—o. Vulgare, see Pinus abies.
   OLIGEMIA, Anaemia, Haemaporia, Hypaemia.
   OLIGIDRIA, IschidrosiS.
   OLIGO, from oXtyos, 'few, little:' in composi-
 tion has these significations.
   OLIGOBLEN'NIA, from oligo,  and  (IXtwa,
 'mucus.'   A deficiency of mucus.
   OLIGOCHOLIA, from oligo, and x°*i> 'bile.'
 Paucity of bile.
   OLIGOCH'YLUS, from  oligo, and xv>">s>
 'juice,' ' chyle.' An epithet for food which is but
 little nutritive;  which furnishes little chyle.
   OLIGOCOP'RIA,  from oXtyos, 'few,' and
 Koxpos, ' excrement'  Scantiness of alvine evacu-
 ations.
   OLIGOCYTHEMIA, from  oligo, kvtos, 'a
 cell,'and  'aipa, 'blood.'  A condition of the blood
in which  there is paucity of red corpuscles.
   OLIGODACRYA, from  oligo,  and <5a*pu, 'a
tear.'  Paucity of lachrymal secretion.
   OLIGOGALACTIA, Agalactia.
   OLIGOGALIA, Agalaxis.
   OLIGOHiEMIA,  Anaemia, Haemaporia,  Hy-
paemia.
  OLIGOPO'SIA, from oligo, and noats, 'drink.'
Diminution in the quantity of drinks.
  OLIGOPSYCHIA, Imbecility.
  OLIGOSIA'LIA, from oligo, and ciaXov, 'sali-
va.'  Paucity of saliva.
  OLIGOSPERMIA,  from oligo, and  oxtppa,
' sperm.'   Paucity of spermatic secretion.
  OLIGOSPOND'YLUS, from oligo, 'small,' and
aitovivXos,  'a vertebra.'  A monster with defective
vertebrae.—Gurlt.
  OLIGOTRICHIA, from oligo, and tyf, 'hair.'
Want of hair.  Paucity of  hair.
  OLIGOTROPHIA,  Par'cior  nutril'io,  from
oligo, and rpt$n>, 'I nourish.'  Deficient nourish-
ment.
  OLIGURE'SIA, Oliguresis, Oligoure'eis, Oli-
goure'sia,  from oligo, and  ovptui, 'I  pass urine.'
Morbidly  diminished urinary secretion.
  OLISTHEMA, Luxation.
  OLIVA, Olea Europaea.
  OLIV.35, Corpora olivaria.
  •OLIVAIRE, Olive-shaped.
  Cautlre Olivaire, of  the  French surgeons, is a
cautery whose extremity is terminated by a but-
ton having the shape of an olive.
  OLIVARIS, Olive-shaped.
  OLIVARY, Olive-shaped—o. Bodies, Corpora
olivaria.
  Ol'ivary  Proc"ess, Proces'eus Oliva'ris, is a
small ridge, running transversely between, and a
little behind, the roots of the anterior clinoid pro-
cesses of  the sphenoid bone, and by some consi-
dered as the fourth clinoid process.
  OLIVE,  see  Olea Europaea — o.  Tree, Olea
Europaea.
  OLIVE-SHAPED, Oliva'ris, Olivifor'mie, Ol-
ivary, (F.) Oliraire.  Resembling an olive.  See
Corpora oiivaria.
  OLIVES,  PICKLED,  Colymbades.
   OLIVIER, Olea Europaea—o. de BohSme, Le-
dum palustre.
  OLIVIFORMIS, Olive-shaped.
   OLIVINA, see Olea Europaa.
   OLLA  CAPITIS, Cranium.
   OLMITELLO, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A
thermal spring in the isle of Ischia.   Tempera-
ture, 100° Fahrenheit.
   OLOPHL YCTIDE, Herpes.
   OLOPHO'NIA, from oXXm, uXXvu, ' I lose,' and
Qwvt), ' voice.'  Congenital misconstruction of the
vocai organs.—Good.
   Olophonia Labii Lobata, Harelip — o. Lin-
guae fraenata, see Ankyloglossum.
   OLSNITIUM, Peucedanum palustre.
   OLUS, Lachanon.
   OLYMPIAN SPRINGS, see Kentucky, mine-
 ral waters of.
   OMA, tapa, in the termination of many words,
is perhaps derived from o>/»ot, 'crude, wild, imper-
fect,' as in sarcoma, atheroma, Ac.
   OMACEPH'ALUS, (F.) OmacSphale, from
tepos,  'the shoulder,'  and axttpaXos, 'devoid of
head.'  A genus of paracephalous monsters, with-
out any neck—a slight depression  indicating the
limits of  the head and body.—I. G. St. Hilaire.
   OM'AGRA, Hom'agra, from  topos, 'the shoul-
der,' and  aypa, 'a seizure.' Gout in the shoulder.
   OMAL'GIA, from uipos,  'the  shoulder,' and
 aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain  in the shouldar.
   OMARTHRITIS, from u>pos,  'the  shoulder,'
 apdpov, 'a joint,' and itie, denoting inflammation.
 Inflammation of the shoulder-joint.
   OMARTHROCACE, from  upos,   'shoulder,
 apQpov, 'a joint,' and eaeos, 'bad.'   Arthrocace of
the shoulder-joint   Caries or suppuration of the
shoulder-joint.
  OMASUM,  Omaeue, Manypliee, (Sc.) Monu
plies,  Monnypliee, (F.)   Fe^illet,  Millefevdllet, 
OMBILIC                652              ONCOTOMY
Livret, Peautier.   The third stomach of ruminant
animals.
  OMBILIC, Umbilicus.
  OMBILICAL, Umbilical.
  OMBRAGE, Nebula.
  OMENTA, Meninges.
  OMENTESIS, Epiploitis.
  OMENTITIS, Epiploitis.
  OMENTULA, Appendiculae pinguedinosae.
  OMENTUM, Epiploon—o. Colicum, Epiploon,
colic — o. Gastro-colicum, Epiploon, gastro-colic
—o. Gastro-splenic, Epiploon, gastro-splenic—o.
Great,  Epiploon, gastro-colic — o. Hepato-gastri-
cum, Epiploon, gastro-hepatic — o. Lesser,  Epi-
ploon, gastro-hepatic—o. Majus, Epiploon, gastro-
colic— o.  Minus, Epiploon, gastro-hepatic — o.
Ossium, Periosteum—o. Sac of the, see Epiploon,
gastro-hepatic—o. Third, Epiploon, colic.
  OMICHESIS, Micturition.
  OMICHMA, Urine.
  OMI'TIS, from oipos, ' the shoulder,'  and itie,
denoting inflammation. Inflammation in or about
the shoulder-joint
  OMMA, Eye, Vision.
  OMNIPHAGUS, Omnivorous.
  OMNI VORE, Omnivorous.
  OMNIVOROUS,  Omniv'orue,  Omniph'ague,
Pantoph'ague, (F.) Omnivore, from  omnie, 'all,'
and voro, 'I eat'  An epithet for animals—Pan-
toph'agiete—which eat every kind of food, animal
or vegetable.
  OMO.   In  tho composition  of  anatomical
terms,  an  abridgment of omoe or  ornus, the hu-
merus.
  OMO-CLAVICULAR, see Coraco-clavicular.
  OMOCOTYLE, see Glene.
  OMO-HYOIDEUS, Cor'aco-hyoideus, Hyo'idis
Quartus Mus'culus,  (F.) Scapulo-hyoidien, Omo-
hynidieii,0moplat-hyoidien.  This muscle is situate
obliquely at the sides and  front of the neck.  It
is slender, long, and flat.   It arises from the su-
perior  costa of the scapula, near the semi-lunar
notch,  and from the ligament  that runs  across it,
and is  inserted at the sides of the inferior margin
of the body of the os hyoides.   It consists of two
fasciculi, united by a common tendon, and is a true
digastric muscle.  It depresses  the os  hyoides,
carrying it a little  backwards, and  to  one  side,
except when it acts with its fellow, when the bone
is depressed, and drawn obliquely  backwards.
  OMOPHAG"IA, Omosit'ia, from  topos,  'raw,'
and <payu>,  'I eat'  Fondness for raw food.  Eat-
ing of raw food.
  OM OP LATE,  Scapula — o. Col de V, Collum
scapulae.
  OMOPLA T-HYOJDIEN, Omo-hyoideus.
  OMOS, Crude, Humerus.
  OMOSITIA, Omophagia.
  OMOTAR'ICHOS, from  mpos, 'the shoulder,'
and rapt%os,  'pickled.'  Saleamen'turn  crudum;
Salted Tunny Fish, in particular.   Properly, the
neck or shoulder-piece of a salted animal.   Once
much recommended  against the bites of vipers,
and in  hydrophobia.
  OMOTES, Crudity.
  OMOTOCIA, Abortion.
  OMOT'RIBES,  Omphac"inum  O'leum,   from
<t>pos, 'crude,' and rpt0ia, 'Ibruise.'  Oil expressed
from unripe olives.
  OMPHA'CION, optpaetov, from  opipaeos, 'an
unripe grape ;'—Succus uva acer'ba.Qinpha'cium.
The juice of unripe grapes.  Also, V$rjuice.
  OMPHACI'TES  (VINUM).  A name  given
to wine prepared from the unripe grape.   Om-
phaci'tie is  the  name of  a small gall___Dios-
corides.
  OMPHACIUM, Verjuice.
  OMPHACOM'ELI, from outpaicos,  'an  unripe
grape,' and ptXt, 'honey.' A sort of oxymel, mad*
of the juice of unripe grapes and honey.
  OMPHALELCO'SIS, from optpaXos, 'the navel,'
and 'sXkos, ' an ulcer.'   Ulceration of the navel.
  OMPHALEXOCHE, Exomphalus.
  OMPHALOCARPUS, Galium aparine.
  OMPHALOCELE, Exomphaloe.
  OM'PHALO-CRA'NIODID'YMUS,  from ou-
tpaXos,  'the navel,'  epavior, 'the  cranium,'  and
iiivpos, 'a twin.'  A double monster, in which the
umbilical cord or the rudiment of one foetus is
rooted in the  cranium of another.
  OMPHALOMANTI'A, Om'phalomancy,  from
optpaXos, 'the  navel,' and pavrua,  'prophecy.'  A
species of divination, practised by credulous  ma-
trons, who  pretend  to be able to know the num-
ber of children a female will have, by the number
of knots in the navel-string of the child.
  OM'PHALO-MESENTER'IC, 0»y>Wo-mcsen-
ter'icue, Om'phalo-meeara'icue; from optpaXos, 'the
navel,' and mesenterium, 'the mesentery.'
  Omphalo-Mesenteric Vessels,   Vitel'lo-me-
senter'ic, Vilelline veeeels.  Haller gave this name
to two very fine vessels, which spread their rami-
fications on the parietes of  the umbilical vesicle.
There is an omphalo-meeenteric artery and vein.
The omphalo-meeenteric artery is  a branch of the
superior mesenteric;—the vein empties itself into
the trunk, or  into one of the branches of the su-
perior mesenteric.  Velpeau  affirms,  that  they
inosculate with a branch of the  second or third
order of those great vessels, with those in  parti-
cular that are distributed to the  caecum, and he
regards them  to be the vessels of nutrition of the
umbilical  vesicle.   They  are occasionally  met
with in the foetus, at the full period, under tbe
form of whitish filaments, which extend from the
mesenteric vessels to the umbilicus.
  0 M P H A L 0 - MESERAIC, Omphalo-mesen-
teric.
  OMPHALONCUS, Omphalophyma.
  OMPHALONEURORRHEXIS, Ompha-
lorrhexis.
  OMPHALOPHLEBITIS, from optpaXos, 'ihe
umhilicus,' and phlebitia, 'inflammation of a vein.'
Inflammation of the umbilical vein.
  OMPHALOPHY'MA, Omphalon'cua, from o*-
tpaXos, 'the navel,' and ipvua, 'tumour.'   A tume-
faction of the navel.
  OMPHALOPROPTOSIS, Exomphalus.
  OMPH ALORRHAG " IA,   Omphalor' rhage,
from  optpaXos, ' the umbilicus,' and pnyvvpt, ' I
break out'   Hemorrhage from the  umbilicus, in
tbe new-born in particular.
  OMPHALORRHEX'IS,  from ouipaXos, 'navel,'
and pil-ts, 'rupture.' Omphaloneurorrhex'ie.  Rup-
ture of  the navel string.
  OMPHALOS, Umbilicus.
  OMPH'ALOSITE,  from  optpaXos, 'the navel,'
and otros,  'nourishment'   A monster  that  pos-
sesses an imperfect kind of life, which ceases
when the umbilical  cord is divided.
  OMPHALOT'OMY,  Omphalotom'ia, from op-
tpaXos, 'the umbilicus,'and rtpvm, 'I cut'   The
division of the navel string.
  OMPHALUS, Umbilicus.
  OMUS, Crude, Humerus.
  ONAGRA, Oenothera biennis.
  ONANIA,  Masturbation.
  ONANISM, Masturbation.
  ON-COME.  A Scotch term, according to Sir
Walter  Scott, for  "mysterious  diseases,  whioh
baffle the regular physician."
  ONCOS, Tumour.
  ONCO'SES, from oy«o$, 'a tumour.' Tumours,
as diseases.
  ONCOSIS. Intumescence.
  ONCOT'OMY,   Oncotom'ia, Onkotomy,  from
oyitos, 'a tumour,' and ropn,  'incision.' The open- 
0NCT10N               653               OPACITY
 ing of an  abscess with a cutting  instrument, or
' the excision of a tumour.
   ONCTION, Inunction.
   ONCUS, Swelling, Tumour.
   ONDULATWN, Fluctuation.
   ONEBERRY, Paris.
   ONEIROCRIT'ICUS, Oneiroc'ritee, from ovti-
 pos, 'a dream,' and xptats, 'judgment'  One who
 judges according to dreams.
   ONEIRODYNIA, from  ovetpos, and oivvn,
 'pain.'  Painful dreams.   Incnbue and Somnam-
 buliem are oneirodyniae.
   Oneirodynia  Activa,  Paroniria, Somnambu-
 lism—o. Gravans, Incubus.
    ONEIRODYNIE GRAVATIVE, Incubus.
   ONEIROG'MUS,  Oneirog'yne,  Oneiropolesia,
 from  ovetpos,  'a dream.'  A lascivious dream;
 pollution ; nocturnal pollution.
   ONEIROGONORRHCEA, Pollution, nocturnal.
   ONEIROGONOS, Pollution.
   ONEIROL'OGY,  Oneirolog"ia, from  ovtipos,
 'a dream,' and Xoyos, 'a  description.'  The doc-
 trine  of dreams.
   ONEIROMANTI'A, from ovtipos, 'a dream,'
 and pavrtia, 'divination.'   The art of divining by
 dreams ;  or of interpreting dreams.
   ONEIRON'OSUS, from  ovtipos, and voaos, 'a
 disease.'   Somnia'tio morbo'ea.  Morbid, uneasy
 dreaming.
   ONEIROPOLESIS,  Oneirogmus.
   ONERA ALVI, Excrement.
    ONGLADE, Paronychia.
    ONGLEj Nail—o. IncarnS, Onychogryphosis.
    ONGLEB (F.),  Digito'rum etupor  d  gelu.
 Painful numbness  at the extremities of the fin-
 gers,  caused by cold.
    ONGLET, Pterygion.
    ONGUENT, Unguentum—o. eVAlthSa, Ungu-
 entum de Althaea,—o. Blanc, Ceratum cetacei—o.
 de  Blanc de  baleine,  Unguentum  cetacei — o.
 Blanc de  Rhazee, Unguentum plumbi subcarbo-
 natis—o. de  CSruee,  Unguentum plumbi subcar-
 bonatis—o. Citrin contre la gale, Unguentum hy-
 drargyri nitras—o. Digestifeimple, Unguentum
 digesxivum simplex — o. Grie, Unguentum oxidi
 hydrargyri cinereum—o. de Guimanve, Unguen-
 tum de althaea^ — o.  de  Laurier, Unguentum lau-
 rinum—o. Mercuriel, Unguentum hydrargyri—o.
 Napolitain, Unguentum hydrargyri—o. de Nitrate
 de mercure, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis — o.
 de Poix* et de cire, Basilicon—o. de Soldat, Mar-
 tiatum unguentum — o. de  Sureau,  Unguentum
 sambuci — o.  de Tornamira,  Unguentum  plumbi
 subcarbonatis.
   ONION, COMMON, Allium  cepa —o.  Sea,
 Scilla.
   ONIS'CUS, Aeel'lus,  Cu'tio, ParcelHo, PorceV-
 lue, Por'culue, diminutive  of ovos,  'a small ass.'
 A genus  of insects, Class, Crustacea, very com-
 mon in cellars and dark and moist places.
   Onisci Aselli, Millep'edee, Aselli, Millep'eda,
 Faba, Wood-lice, Slaters, Hog-lice, (F.) Clopor-
 tes ordinaires, had, at  one  time, a place in the
 pharmacopoeias.  They were considered stimulant
 and diuretic, and useful in jaundice.
   ONITIS, Origanum dictamnus.
   ONKOTOMY, Oncotomy.
   ONOLOSAT, Obolus.
   ONOMATOCLESIS, Nomenclature
   ONOMATOLOGIA, Nomenclature.
   ONONIS ANTIQUORUM, 0. spinosa.
   Ono'nis  Arven'sis, (F.) Bugrane des  champe,
 has properties like the next.
   Ononis Spino'sa,  Ano'nie, Reeta seu Arree'ta
 bovie,  Rem'ora Ara'tri,  Ononie antiquo'rum,  Reel
 harrow, (F.) ArrSte-bceufi, Bugrande Spineuee, Bu-
 grane.  Nat. Ord. Leguminosae.  Sex. Syet. Dia-
 delphia Decandria.  The  root of this plant was
 once used as a diuretic.
  0N0P0RD0N ACAN'THIUM,  Onopor'dum
acan'thium,  Car'dnus  tomento'eus,  Acan'thium,
Ac'anoa, A. epina.  Spina alba,  Cotton  Thiat/e,
(F.) Chardon aux A nee.   Ord. Compositae.   ^e*.
Syet.  Syngenesia Polygamia  aequalis.  The ex-
pressed juice has been recommended as a cure for
cancer, applied externally.
  ONOPORDUM  ACANTHIUM,  Onopordon
acanthium.
  ONTHUS, Fimus.
  ONYCHATROPH'IA,Atroj»ft'tai(nV«ium,from
ovv(, owxos, 'a nail,' and atrophia, 'want of nour-
ishment.'  Atrophy of the nails.
  ONYCHAUX'E, Hypertroph'ia un'guiutn, from
owf, owxps, 'a nail,' and avt;n, 'increase.'  Unu-
sual increase  of the  size and thickness of the
nails.
  ONYCHEXALLAX'IS, from  ow?, ovvXos, 'a
nail,' and t^aXXa^is, ' change.   A morbid condition
of the nails.
  ONYCHIA, Paronychia.
  ONYCHI'TIS, from om|,  owxos, ' a nail,' and
itie, denoting inflammation.   Inflammation of a
nail.   See Paronychia.
  ONYCHOCLASIS, from ovwf, ovvXos, 'a nail,'
and aXaais, 'fracture.'  Fracture  of a  nail.
  ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS, Onychogryphosis.
  ON YCII 0 G R Y P H 0' SIS, Onychogrypo'eie,
Onychogrypto'eie,  Onychocrypto' eie,  Gripho'sis,
Grypho'aie,  Onyx'ia, from owl;,  owxos, 'a nail,'
and yrypoais, ' crookedness.'   Curvature  of the
nails ; such as occurs in hectic individuals.  Also,
growing in of the nails; Incarna'tio seu Adunca'-
tio  seu Arctu'ra  iin'gttium, (F.) Ongle  incarnS.
  ONYCHON'OSI, Onychonu'ei, fromovu£, owxos,
'a  nail,' and vooos, 'a disease.'  Disease of the
nails.
  ONYCHOPH'THORA, Onychophtho'ria,  Ony-
coph'thora,  Onyeophtho'ria,   from ovuf, ovvvos,
'the nail,' and tpSopa, 'degeneration.'   A degene-
rate condition or destruction of the nails.
  ONYCHOPHY'MA,  from  ox«f, ovi^of,  'the
nail,' and ipvpa,  'a tumour.'   A  painful  degene-
ration of the nails, which become thick, rough,
and crooked.  It occurs as a symptom of.syphi-
lis and of lepra.
  ONYCHOPTO'SIS,  Piptonyc'hia,  Dim'reeie
Un'gula, from ovvi,, owxos, ' a nail,'  and irrioots,
'falling.'  The falling off of the nails.
  ONYCOPHTHORA, Onychophthora.
  ONYX, Hook (blunt), Nail, Pterygion. Also, a
collection of purulent matter between the laminae
of the cornea, having the shape  of a nail.   Un-
guis Lunula.
  ONYXIS, see Onychogryphosis.
  ONYXITIS, see Paronychia.
  OOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian.
  OODEOCELE, see Hernia (foraminis ovalis.)
  OODES, Aqueous humour, Oval.
  OOG'ALA, Oog'la, Ogla, Puis ex Ovie et Lacte.
Milk of eggs, from uuv,' an egg,' and yaXa,' milk.'
A preparation of eggs and milk.
  OOGLA, Oogala.
  OOlDES, Aqueous humour, Oval.
  OOLEMMA PELLUCIDUM,  Zona pellucida.
  O0L0G"IA,   Ovolog"ia,  Ovol'ogy,  from  uov,
'an ovum or egg,'  and Xoyos, 'a discourse,' 'a
description.'  A  description of the ovum.
  OON, Ovum.
  OONINE, Albumen.
  OOPH'AGOJJS, Ooph'ague, from toov, 'an egg,
and ipayia, ' I eat.'  Feeding on eggs.
  OOPHORAUXE, Oarioparect&.ma.
  OOPHORITIS, Oaritis.
  OOPHORON,  Ovary.
  OORITIS, Oaritis.
  OPACITY,   Opac"itas,   Opakenest;  from
opacare, 'to  obscure.'   Quality of that which u 
OPAKE                 654            OPHTHALMIA
opake.  The property possessed by some bodies
of not allowing the light to traverse them.  It is
opposed to  transparency.   Opacity ofi the cornea
constitutes  albugo or leucoma; — opacity of the
crystalline causes cataract.
  OPAKE', Opa'cue,  Opa'coue.   Same  etymon.
An epithet given to bodies,  which do not permit |
the passage of rays of light.  The opake cornea
is the sclerotica, in contradistinction to the trane-
purent cornea or true cornea.
  OPAKENESS, Opacity.
  OP'ALINE.  That which resembles the opal.
A fluid is said to be  opaline, when milky, and
when it presents an appearance more or less like
that of the opal.
  OPEOCELE, see Hernia.
  OPERATIO, Action,  Operation —o. Chirur-
gica,  see Operation — o. Chymica seu  pharma-
ceutica, Operation, chymical, Ac. — o. Simplex,
Haplotomia.
  OPERA'TION, Opera'tio,  from opue, operie,
' work.'  The  application of  instruments  to  the
human  body with the  view of curing disease.
The object of an operation, opera'tio chirur'gica,
is generally to divide or reunite parts, to extract
extraneous or noxious bodies, and to replace or-
gans  that are wanting, by  different instruments
or artificial means.  The principal operatory me-
thods have been called Syntheeie, Diareaie, Exa-
reeis, and Prothesis.  Frequently, the most diffi-
cult subject  connected  with an  operation is to
decide when it is absolutely called for or advisa-
ble, and when improper.
   OPERATION A  LAMBEAU, see Flap.
  Operation, Bilateral, see Lithotomy—o.  CS-
sarienne, Caesarean section.
  Operation, Chym'ical or Pharmaceutical,
 Opera'tio chym'ica seu  pharmaceu'tica, is any
process whose object is the preparation  of medi-
cines; their combinations with each other, ana-
lysis, and  decomposition ; — such are,  eolution,
diatillation, sublimation, evaporation,  digestion,
maceration, infiueion,  decoction,  calcination,  Ac.
Some of these operations are mechanical; others,
really chymical.
   Operation, High, see  Lithotomy—o. Lateral,
see Lithotomy—o. Sigaultian, Symphyseotomy.
   OP'ERATOR.   Same  etymon.   A surgeon
who is in the habit of practising the greater ope-
rations.  One who performs  any operation.  To
be  a good operator, the surgeon must be well ac-
quainted with anatomy, and  be possessed of
strong nerve.   See Surgeon.
   OPER'CULUM,  Operto'rium, Operimen'tum,
from operire,  'to  cover.'  A cover or lid.  In
fishes, the gill cover.
   Operculum  Asperjs  Arteria,  Larynx—o.
 Cutis, Epidermis — o. Ilei, Bauhin, valve of—o.
 Laryngis, Epiglottis—o.  Oculi, Palpebra.
   Operculum  Papilla'rum.  A shield for  the
nipple.
   OPERIMENTUM, Operculum —o. Intestino-
rum, Epiploon — o. Praetensum abdominis, Peri-
 tonaeum.
   OPERTORIUM, Operculum.
   OPHELIA  CHIRATA,  Gentiana chirayta.
   OPHIASIS, Calvities, Porrigo.decalvans.
   OPHIOGLOS'SUM VULGA'TUM, 0. ova'tum
seu echinogloe'enm, (otpts, ' a serpent' and yXmaaa,
' a  tongue,') Lingun serpenta'ria, Adder'e Tongue,
(F.)  Langue  de Serpent.   Ord. Filices.   Sex.
 Syat.  Cryptogamia.   This plant was  formerly
considered to be vulnerary.       *
   OPHIOPH'AGOUS, Ophioph'ague, from otpis,
'a  serpent,' and <payu>,  'I  eat'   An  epithet for
animals which feed on serpents.  Pliny has called
ocrtain African tribes  by this name.
   OPHIORRHI'ZA,  6.  mimgns. from  o<pts, 'a
serpent,' and pifu, 'root'   Family, Gentianaceae.
Sex. Syat.  Pentandria Digynia.  The name of
the plant whose root has been called  Radix  Ser-
pen'tum, Mungoe Radix.  The bitter  root is much
esteemed in Java, Sumatra, Ac, for preventing
the effects that usually  follow  the  bite  of  the
naja, a venomous serpent;  with which view it is
eaten  by the natives.  It is, also, a  reputed  an-
thelmintic.
   OPHIOXYLON, Ophioxylum.
   OPHIOX'YLUM, from otpts, 'a serpent,' and
IvXov, ' wood.'  Ophioxylum seu  Ophioxylon eer-
penti'num  seu  trifiolia'tum, Acawe'ria,  Lignum
eerpentum,  Ord. Apocynaceae, has  been  recom-
mended in  the bites  of serpents, and in intermit-
tents.  It is said to be very bitter.
   OPHIS,  Serpent
   OPHI'TES, from otpts, 'a serpent'  Serpenti'-
nue, Ser'pentine or Black Por'phyry.  This rock
was formerly worn as an amulet,  to cure diseases
of the head.
   OPHROSTAPHYLON, Bryonia alba.
   OPHRYS, Supercilium.
   OPHTHALMAL'GIA,  from   otpSaXuos,  'the
eye,' and aXyos, ' pain.'   Pain  in  the eye.  Neu-
ralgia of the eye.
   OPHTHALMEMPASMA, Collyrium siccum.
   OPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthalmi'tie, from o<p$a\uos,
'the eye.'   Oculo'rum inflamma'tio,  Cauma  oph-
thalmi'tie, Ophthalmopa'nia, In/lamma'tion of the
Eye, Ophthalmy, (F.) Ophthalmic,   Ophthalmite,
Inflammation de loeil, Catarrhe oculaire.  Three
great varieties  of ophthalmia, independently of
the acute and chronic (which conditions occur in
all inflammations,) may be  reckoned :—the Oph-
thalmia membranarum, 0. purulenta,  and 0. tarai.
The first is characterized by the general symp-
toms of ophthalmia; — pain and redness of the
eye or its appendages ; with intolerance of light,
and unusual flow of tears,- the inflammation being
seated chiefly in the coats  of  the eyeball.  It is
the Hymenophthalmia, Ophthalmia  tarax'ie  seu
hu'mida  seu vera seu chemo'eie,  Conjunctivltie,
Inflamma'tio conjunctj'va,  Symphymeni'tie, Syn-
deemi'tie, Catarr'hal ophthalmia,  Ophthalmo-con-
junctivi'tie, Epiph'ora (Galen),  Conjunctival or
Lach'rymOee Ophthalmia,  Tarax'is  (Paulus  of
.flSgina), Chemo'eie  (Aetius),  (F.)  Conjonctivite,
Inflammation de la conjonctive.  In the second,—
Ophthalmia purulen'ta seu purifiorm'ie, Blennoph-
thalmia, Bleph'aroblenorrhoe'a, Opthalmoblennor-
rho?a, Blennorrhoea oc'uli—the internal  surface
of the palpebrae associates  in the  inflammation
of the eye-ball; and there is  a copious secretion
of a purulent fluid.  An epidemic and contagious
[?] variety of this is the AEgyptian  Ophthalmia,
0. epidem'ica seu purulen'ta epidem'ica sen con-
tagiosa seu catarrha'lie bel'lica  seu bellica sen
Asiat'ica seu purulenta cpntagio'ea, Blennorrhoe'a
Oculi AEgyptiaca, Loemophthalmia,  Conjunctivl-
tie puro-muco'aa contagio'ea seu ^Eyyptiaca, Ble-
pharo'tie glandula'rie contagio'ea, Adenltie pal-
pebra'rum  contagiosa, Suppurative ophthalmia,
Epidemic contagious ophthalmia — called Egyp-
tian,  from its prevalence  in  Egypt during the
British  Expedition under Sir Ralph Abercrombie.
The inflammation is rapid  and destructive; gra-
nulations shoot from the tunica conjunctiva,  and
occasionally there is intolerable  pain, often suc-
ceeded  by  delirium.  In  new-born children, a
species  of  purulent  ophthalmia, 0.  purulen'ta
infan'tum  seu  neonato'rum,  Blepharophthalmia
seu Lippitu'do  seu Blennorrhoe'a Oc'uli seu  Oph-
thal'mo-blennorrhae'a seu Blepharo-blennorrhoe'a
seu Blepharo-pyorrhae'a seu Pyophthalmia, Peor.
ophthalmia neonato'rum, Adenoeynchitonltie,  (F.)
Ophthalmie puriforme dee  nouveau-nSe, in which
the palpebrae are florid and peculiarly tumid, is
by no means uncommon.   It seems  to be caused
by acrid discharges  from the  mother, applied to 
OPHTHALMIATER          655         -    OPHTHALMIC
the eye of the infant during its exit; or to  the
stimulus of the light, when the child first opens
its eyes.   A severe  form of purulent ophthalmia
— Hyperconjonctivite (Piorry) — is produced by
the application of gonorrhoea! matter to the eye.
It is the Ophthalmia gonorrho'ica, Blennorrhoe'a
oculi  gonorrho'ica,  Gonorrhoblepharrhae'a, Gon-
junctivitie blennorrhag"ica seu gonorrho'ica,  Go-
norrhae'al Ophthalmia, (F.) Ophthalmic blennor-
rkagique, Conjonctivite blennorrhagique.
  Ophthalmia is likewise  modified by the condi-
tion of the constitution, and hence we have etru-
 1110118, variolous,  and other inflammations of the
 conjunctiva.
   The third variety — the Ophthalmia  Tarsi  seu
 glutiuo'sa, Blepharophthalmia, Blepharotis, Ble
 pharoti'tie, Blepharitis, Blepharadenltie, Psor-
 ophthalmia,  Oc'uli palpebra'rum sca'bies pruri-
lgino'8a, Adenophthalmia—is seated chiefly in the
 tarsus;  the sebaceous crypts  secreting a viscid
 and acrid fluid, that glues and ulcerates its edges,
 and irritates the eye.
   The different forms of inflammation of the con-
 junctiva are thus classed by M. Desmarres •
r 1.  Pure or phlegmonous.
 2.  Pustular.
Conjunctivitis.
3.  Granular or catarrhal.
' Contagious.
 Non-contagious.
 Miasmatic.
Exan thematic.
                         fOf new-born infants
k4.  Purulent..................< Gonorrhoeal.
                         (. Egyptian.
f Erysipelatous.
j  Variolous.
J  Morbillous.
{Scarlatinous.
  Conjunctivitis, when slight, requires little treat-
ment :  the antiphlogistic regimen—and, particu-
larly, avoiding exposure to Tight,—being all that
is  necessary.   When more severe,  along with
this, general and  local blood-letting, especially
by  leeches to  the side of the  septum narium,
must be  employed so as to make a decided im-
pression  on  the system; with  nauseating doses
of antimony,  purgatives, blisters (at some dis-
tance from the organ), refrigerants;  and  astrin-
gents, cold or warm, according to circumstances,
to the eye.   In Purulent Ophthalmy, these mea-
sures must be still more actively employed, other-
wise disorganization will speedily follow: — the
granulations, which  form on  the adnata of the
eyelids may be removed with  the scissors, and
the  sore be  touched with a solution  of alum.
Optithalmia  Tarei .must be  treated on  general
principles, when  severe.  It usually,  however,
requires merely the antiphlogistic regimen, with
the  occasional use,  especially  at  night, of  a
slightly stimulating ointment, such as the ungu-
entum  hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi, considerably re-
duced  with  lard.  The ointment  prevents the
eyelids from  being  glued  together  during the
night, and thus obviates the irritation caused by
attempts at separating them.
  Ophthalmia, Egyptian, see Ophthalmia — o.
Asiatica, see Ophthalmia—o. Bellica, see Oph-
thalmia—o. Biliosa,  Ophthalmocholosis — o. Ca-
tarrhal, see  Ophthalmia — o. Catarrhalis bellica,
see Ophthalmia—o. Chronica, Lippitudo—o. Con-
junctival, see  Ophthalmia — o. Contagiosa, see
Ophthalmia—o. Epidemica, see  Ophthalmia—o.
Glutinosa, see Ophthalmia — o. Gonorrhoica, see
Ophthalmia — o. Gonorrhoeal, see Ophthalmia —
o. Humida, see Ophthalmia—o. Lachrymose, see
Ophthalmia — o. Membranarum, see  Ophthalmia
— o. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia — o. Phlycte-
nular, see Ophthalmia — o. Puriformis, see Oph-
thalmia—o. Purulenta, see Ophthalmia—o. Puru-
lenta contagiosa, see Ophthalmia — o. Purulenta
epidemica, see Ophthalmia — o. Purulenta infan-
tum, see  Ophthalmia — o.  Rheumatic, Sclerotitis
— o. Sicca, Xerophthalmia — o.  Suppurative, see
Ophthalmia — o.  Taraxis,  see  Ophthalmia — o.
Tarsi,  see Ophthalmia—o. Ulcerosa,  Helcoph-
thalmia—o.  Varicose, Cirsophthalmia — o. Vera,
see Ophthalmia.
  OPHTHALMIATER, Oculist.
  0 P H T HALMIATRI'A, OphthalmiatrotecV-
nica, Ophtkaltnotherapla, (F.) Oculietiqite ; from
ophthalmoe,  and tarpos, ' a. physician.'  The  art
of the oculist.  Treatment of diseases of the eye.
  OPnTHALMIATROTECHNICA,  Ophthal-
miatria.
  OPHTHAL'MIC,   Ophthalmicus, from  oph-
thalmoe.   That which relates  or  belongs   to
the eye.
  Ophthalmic Artery, A. orbitaire, (Ch.) arises
from  the  internal carotid, and issues from  the
cranium by the foramen opticum.  At first, it is
situate at the outer  and lower side  of the optio
nerve, but ascends above this nerve, and passes
towards the inner angle  of  the orbit.  It fur-
nishes, in  its course, the lachrymal, centralis  re-
tina,  infra-orbitare,  cilianiea, anterior ciliaries,
inferior and  auperior muaculare,  anterior and
poaterior  ethmoidals,  and  euperior and inferior
palpebrals.  After having given off these," it di-
vides  into two branches — the frontal and naaal,
which furnish a number of ramifications, — some
superficial, others deep-seated.
  Ophthal'mic Gang'lion, Lentie'ular or Cil-
iary ganglion, Ganglion ophthal'micum seu  eemi-
luna're seu cilia're, G. orbitaire  (Ch.), is one of
the smallest  ganglions of the body, and formed
by the 5th and 3d pairs of encephalic nerves.   It
is situate  at the outer side of the optic nerve near
the bottom  of the orbit;  is  irregularly quadri-
lateral and flat;  its  colour  of  a  reddish  gray.
Behind, it communicates by its  posterior angles
—by means of nervous filaments—with the nasal
nerve of  the  ophthalmic,  the motor  oculi, and
offsets from  the sympathetic.  Each of its  ante-
rior angles furnishes  a fasciculus of small nerves.
These are the ciliary nerves.
  Ophthalmic Nerve, Ophthalmic  Nerve  of
Willis, Orbito-firontal, (Ch.) is the smallest and
first of the three branches given off by the  5th
pair.  It  proceeds along the external paries  of
the cavernous sinus, and  enters  the  orbit  by
the sphenoidal fissure.  It  divides into three
branches, one, external—the lachrymal nerve •
another, superior—frontal nerve; and  the last)
internal — the nasal  nerve.   See  Lachrymal,
Frontal, Nasal.
  Ophthalmic or Optic Remedy, Ophthal'micum
seu Op'ticum, (F.)  Topique  ophthalmique, is a
medicine employed in ophthalmia.
  Ophthalmic Sinus, see  Cavernous Sinus.
  Ophthalmic Vein has the same arrangement
as  the  artery, which  it accompanies in  all ita
divisions.   It issues  from the orbit at  the inner 
OPHTHALMICA            656               OPIATUS
 part of tbe sphenoidal fissure, and discharges its
 blood into the cavernous sinus.
   The name Facial Ophthalmic  has  been  given
 to the branch by which the facial vein communi-
 cates with the ophthalmic.
   OPHTHALMICA, Euphrasia officinalis.
   OPHTHALMICI EXTERNI,  Motores oculo-
 rum.
   OPHTHALMICUM, Ophthalmic remedy.
   OPHTHALMIDIUM, Microphthalmus.
   OPHTHALMIE PURIFORME DES NOU-
 VEAU-NES, see  Ophthalmia—o. Blennorrha-
 gique, see Ophthalmia.
   OPHTHALMITE, Ophthalmia.
   OPHTHALMITIS. Ophthalmia. This term is
 occasionally  restricted to  inflammation  of  the
 globe of the eye, in which, both the external and
 internal structures are involved.
   OPHTHALMIUM, Microphthalmus.
   OPHTHALMO-BLENNORRHCEA,  Ophthal-
 mia(purulent)—o.b. Neonatorum,  see Ophthalmia
 (purulenta infantum).
   OPHTHALMO-CARCINO'MA, from ophthal-
■ moe, and eapicivwua, ' caneer.'  Cancer  of the eye.
   OPHTHALMOCELE, Exophthalmia.
   OPHTHALMOCHOLO'SIS, from ophthalmoe,
 and x°^i' 'bile;' Ophthalmia bilio'ea.  Ophthal-
 mia from biliary excitement.
   OPHTHALMOCHROITES, see Choroidea tu-
 nica.
   OPHTHALMO-CONJUNCTIVITIS, see Oph-
 thalmia.
   OPHTHALMOCOPIA, Copyopia.
   OPHTHALMODULI'A, from ophthalmue, and
 iovXtia, 'servitude.'  Eye-service.  The title of a
 book by Bartisch on diseases of the eye.
   OPHTHALMODYNIA, from ophthalmoe, and
 tiwn, 'pain,' especially rheumatic pain of the eye.
 Plenck has  given this name to neuralgia of the
 frontal nerve, in which the pain radiates particu-
 larly towards the bottom of the orbit.  See Neu-
 ralgia, frontal.
   Ophthalmodynia Periodica,  Neuralgia,  fa-
 cial.
   OPHTHALMCEDE'MA, from ophthalmoe, and
 atinpa, 'oedema.'   CEdema of the conjunctiva.
   OPHTHALMOG'RAPHY,   from  ophthalmoe,
 and ypatpn, 'a description.'  The part  of anatomy
 which gives a description of the eye.  An ana-
 tomical description of the eye.
   OPHTHALMOL'OGY, Ophthalmolog"ia, Oph-
 thalmotology, from ophthalmos, and Xoyos, 'a dis-
 course.' The part of anatomy which treats of the
 eye.   An anatomical treatise on the eye.  A de-
 scription of the eye in health and disease.
   OPHTHALMOMETER, from  ophthalmoe, and
 ptrpov, ' measure.'   An instrument  of the nature
 of compasses, invented by F. Petit, for measuring
 the capacity of the anterior and  posterior cham-
 bers of the eye in anatomical experiments.
   OPHTHALMOMYITIS,  Ophthalmomyoei'tie,
 from  ophthalmoe,  pvs,  ' a muscle,' and itie,  de-
 noting inflammation.  Inflammation of the mus-
 cles of the eve.
   OPHTHALMOPARALYSIS,  Ophthalmople-
 gia.
   OPHTHALMOPHLEBOTOM'IA,  from oph-
 thalmoe, ipXtip, ' a vein,'  and  ropn,  ' incision.'
 Bleeding from the vessels of the  conjunctiva.
   OPHTHALMOPHTHAR'SIS, Ophthalmo-
 phthi'eie, from ophthalmoe, and tpBapatf, ' corrup-
 tion.'   Destruction of the eyeball.
   OPHTHALMOPHTHISIS, Ophthalmophthar-
 sis.
   OPHTHALMOPLE'GIA,  Ophthalmoparal'y-
 eie,  from- ophthalmoe,  and  irXijaaia,  'I strike.'
 Paralysis of one or more of the muscles of the eye.
   OPHTHALMOPONIA, Ophthalmia.
  OPHTHALMOPTO'SIS, from ophthalmoe, and
irruxn,, 'a prolapse.'  A word employed by some
authors in the sense of exophthalmia; by others,
in that of hydrophthalmia,
  OPHTHALMORRHAG"IA, from ophthalmoe,
and pnyvvpi, ' I break forth.'  Hemorrhage from
the tunica conjunctiva.   It is rare.
  OPHTHALMOS, Eye.
  OPHTHALMOSCOPE, see Ophthalmoscopia.
  OPHTHALMOSCO P'lA, Ophthalmoscopy,
from ophthalmoe, and cuoirtw,' I regard attentively.'
The art of judging of the temper, Ac, of a per-
son by examining his eyes.  The art of judging
of health or disease by inspection of the eyes.
Exploration of the eyes  in  order to a diagnosis.
  An Ophthal'moacope, ophthalmoacop'ium, oph-
thalmoscopic, has  been  invented,  which  by re-
flecting the light on the retina enables the con-
dition of the interior of the eye to be appreciated.
To a form of the ophthalmoscope the name Anag-
noe'takie has been  given, after a young  Greek
physician, who, it was thought, invented it.
  OPHTHALMOS'TATUM (F.) Ophthal'moetat,
from ophthalmoa, and cracis, ' station ;' Spec'ulum
Oc'uH,. An instrument for fixing the eye.
  OPHTHALMOTHERAPIA, Ophthalmiatria.
  OPHTHALMOTOLOGY, Ophthalmology.
  OPHTHALMOT'OMY, Ophthalmotom'ia, from
ophthalmoa  and rtpvui, ' I cut'   The part of ana-
tomy which treats of the dissection of the eye.  It
has, also, been applied to extirpation of the eye.
  OPHTHALMOXEROSIS, Xerophthalmia.
  OPHTHALMOX'YSIS, from ophthalmoe, and
$vu>, ' I scrape.'   A name  given to  the scarifica-
tion sometimes practised  on the conjunctiva, in
cases of ophthalmia.
  OPHTHALMOXYS'TRUM, Ophthalmoxys'ter,
Ophthalmoxyste'rium,  Xyetrum  ophthal'micum.
Same etymon.  An  instrument for  scraping  the
eye.  Name given to a small  brush, with barba
like an ear  of barley or rye, intended to scarify
the eyelids  in certain cases of ophthalmia.
  OPIITHALMUS, Eye.
  OPHTHALMYMENI'TIS, Ophthalmohymenl-
tie, from ophthalmoa, 'vpnv, 'membrane,' and itie,
denoting inflammation.   Inflammation of  one or
more of the membranes of the  eye.
  OP I ACE, Opiate.
  OPIACUM, Opiatum.
  OPIANE, Narcotine.
  O'PIANINE, Opiani'na, Opia'nia; fromopium.
An alkaloid discovered in opium, which resem-
bles morphia in its properties, and doses.
  OPIANUM, Narcotine.
  OP I AT,  Opiate — o. Dentifrice, Dentifrice.
  O'PIATE,  Opia'tum,   Opia'cum,  Papavera'-
ceuni, Meco'nicum, (F.) Opiat. OpiacSe, from oirtov,
(oitos, 'juice,') 'opium.'   A  medicine containing
opium.  A  medicine that procures  sleep.   An
electuary,r —formerly, an electuary which con-
tained  opium.
  O'PIATED, Opia'tue.   Impregnated with opi-
um.  Affected by opium.
  OPIA'TUM FEBRIF'UGUM, Eieetua'rium de
Kind Kind; Elec'tuary of Cincho'na.   (Pulv.
cinch. JxviH, ammon. muriat.  Jj, mellie, eyrup.,
abainth. aa Jij.  Make into an electuary. Ph. P.)
Given, when cinchona is indicated.
  Opiatum  Mesenter'icum,   Eieetua'rium   de
Aloe, Muria'te Hydrar'gyri,  et Furro.   (Gum.
amnion, ^ss. eenna Jvj,  hydrargyri  eubmuriat.,
rad.  art., aloee eocotrin. 55 Jij, pulv. ecammon.
comp. (vulg. de tribue,) rhej. rad. aa, Jiij, ferri
limatur. porphyrieat. gss.  Bruise  and mix to-
gether, add of compound eyrup of applee double
the weight  of the other  matters, and make into
an electuary.  Ph. P.)  Dose, Jss to Jij, in ob-
structions of the liver, mesentery, Ac.
  OPIATUS, Opiated. 
OPION                  657            OPTIC CENTRE
  OPION, Opium.                             |
  OPISMA, Succus.
  OPIS'THENAR,  Dorsum manus, from  otttoQt,
'backwards,' and dtvap, 'the  flat  of  the  hand.'
The back of the hand.
  OPISTHOCEPHALON, Occiput
  OPISTHOCRANIUM, Occiput.
  OPISTHOCYPHOSrS, Cyphoma.
  OPISTHOLOB'IUM, Opisthot'ium, from o»«(r0«,
"behind,' and XoSwv, 'the lobe of the ear.'  Any
agent applied behind the ear.
  OPISTHOTIUM, Opistholobium.
  OPISTHOTONOS, Raptusposterga'neus, Tel-
anue  dorea'lie  seu poeti'cue  seu posterga'neue,
from  oirioSt, 'backwards,' and rtivu,  'I stretch.'
A species of tetanus, in which the body is bent
backwards.
   OPIUM, see  Papaver—o. Colatum, Extractum
opii—o. Depuratum, Extractum opii.
   Opium Eaters, Theriaki.
   Opium, Lettuce, see Lactuca.
   OPOBALSAMUM, see Amyris opobalsamum.
   OPOCARPASON, Carpasium (juice.)
   OPOCEPH'ALUS, (F.) OpocSphale.  A genus
of monsters having the two ears approximated or
united under the head; the jaws atrophied; and
no mouth or nose.—I. G. St.  Hilaire.
   OPODELDOC, Opodeldoch.
   OPODEL'DOCH, Opodeltock, Opodeldoc. An
unmeaning term, frequently used by Paracelsus.
Formerly, it signified a plaster for all external
injuries;  now, it is applied  to the Linimentum
 Saponis Compositum.
   Opodeldoch, Steer's. A liniment, called after
 the inventor.   There are many formulae for its
preparation.  The following is one. Sap. alb. Ibj,
camphor. Jij, ol. roriemarini f Jiv, spiritus vini
reetificati Oij.  See Linimentum Saponis Compo-
 situm.
   OPODEOCELE, see Hernia.
   OPODYMUS, Diprosopus.
   OPOIDIA GALBANIFERA, see  Bubon Gal-
 banum.
   OP OLE, Succus.
   OPOLIDE,  Succus.
   OPOPIOS, Optic.
   OPOPONACUM, Pastinaca opoponax.
   OPOPONAX,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax — o.
 Chironium, Pastinaca opoponax.
   OPOPONAXWORT, Pastinaca opoponax.
   OPO'RICE,  from onupa, 'autumnal fruits.' A
 medicine, composed of several autumnal fruits,
particularly of quinces, pomegranates, Ac, and
 wine. It was  formerly administered in dysen-
 tery, diseases of the stomach, Ac.
   OPOS, Succus expressus — o. Silphion, Laser-
 pitium.
   OPPIDULUM, Vulva.
   OPPILATIO, Emphraxis—o. Telas Cellulosae,
 Induration of the cellular tissue.
   OPPILATTVUS, Obstruens.
   OPPO'NENS, (F.) Opposant, from ob, andpo-
tiere, ' to  place.'  That which faoes or is  put in
opposition to  something.  The name  has been
given to two muscles of the hand.
   Opponens Min'imi Dig"iti, (F.) Opposant du
petit doigt, Carpo-mStacarpien du petit doigt (Ch.),
MStacarpien du petit doigt.   This  muscle has
the same shape and arrangement as the preceding,
but is of less size.  It is situate in the hypothe-
nar  eminence.   Its fibres are inserted into the
anterior annular ligament of the carpus, and ter-
minate on the whole length of the inner edge of
the 5th metacarpal bone.  This muscle  carries
the 5th metacarpal bone forwards  and outwards,
and thus augments the concavity of the palm of
the hand.
      42
  Opponens  Pol'licis,  Flexor oaaia metacar'pi
pollicie, F. primi in*eriio'dii  (Douglass), Oppo-
nens pollicie manue, Antith'enar sive semi -inter-
osseus pollicis, (F.) Carpo-mStacarpien du pouce
(Ch.), MStacarpien du pouce, Opposant du Ponce.
A small, flat, triangular muscle, situate in the
substance of the thenar eminence.  It is attached,
on  the one hand,  to the anterior annular liga-
ment of the carpus and to the trapezium; and,
on  the other, to the whole of the outer margin
of  tbe first metacarpal  bone.  This muscle im-
presses  on the first  bone of  the  metacarpus a
movement of rotation, which  opposes the thumb
to the other fingers.
   OPPOSANT,  Opponens —o. du Petit doigt,
Opponens  minimi digiti—o. du Pouce, Opponens
pollicis.
   OPPRESSIO, Catalepsy, Oppression—o. Noc-
turna, Incubus.
   OPPRESSION,  Oppres'sio,  Thlipsis,  Cata-
thlips'is, from opprimere (ob, and  premere, pres-
eum,) 'to press against'  A state, in which the
patient experiences a sensation of weight in the
part affected. When employed abstractedly, it
means,  particularly, Oppression  ofi the chest—
 Oppreaeio  Pec'toria, (F.) 0. de Poitrine.
   Oppression, Oppree'aio vir'ivm, (F.) Oppree-
eion des forcee, is, also, used  for that  condition,
at  the commencement  of fevers,  Ac,  in which
the system is oppressed rather than debilitated,
and where the vascular action rises, as the ob-
struction to free circulation is relieved by bleed-
ing, purging, Ac.
   OPS, Eve.
   OPSEONUSI, Opsionusi.
   OPSIALGIA, Neuralgia, facial.
   OPSIONU'SI,  Opseonu'ai, from otpts, 'vision,'
and vovoos, ' a disease;' Morbi vietia.  Diseases
of  vision.
   OPSIOTOCIA, from  o^t, 'too late,' and tteos,
 'birth;'  Partite eero'tinua.  Parturition after the
usual period.  See Pregnancy.
   OPSIS,  Pupil. Vision.
   OPSOMA'NIAC,  Opaom'anea, (F.)  Opaomane,
from otpov, 'aliment,' and pavia.   One who loves
some particular aliment to madness.
   OPTESIS, Assatio.
   OPTIC, Op'tictie,  Opo'pioe, (F.) Optique, from
 oitronai,  'I see.'   That which relates to vision.
   OPTIC  CENTRE,  Centrum op'ticum.   The
 optic centre of  the crystalline is the point  at
 which the various rays proceeding from an object
 cross in  their way to the retina.
   Optic Commissure, see Chiasmus.
   Optic Foramen, Fora'men  op'ticum, (F.) Trou
 optique.   Around opening in the sphenoid bone,
 near the base of its lesser ala, through which tbe
 optic nerve passes.
   Optic Ganglia, Quadrigemina tubercula.
   Optic Groove.  A transverse groove on the su-
 perior surface of the sphenoid bone, on which the
 commissure of the optic nerve rests, and which ia
 continuous on each side with the optic foramen.
   Optic Lobes, Quadrigemina tubercula.
   Optic Nerve, Nervus op'ticus seu viei'vus seu
vieo'riue, Par eecun'dum seu op'ticum  seu viso'-
rium, Nerve ofi the 2d pair, Ocular  nerve of
Chaussier.  The optic nerves are remarkable for
their size; for  their running a  longer  course
within than without, the cranium; and for their
furnishing no branch from their origin to their
termination.   They do not seem to arise, as was
long supposed, from the optic thalami, but from
the tubercula quadrigemina.  Immediately after
their origin, the optic trade, Tractue op'tici, pro-
ceed forwards; aro, at first, broad and flat; but
afterwards become narrower and round.  In front
of  the fossa pituitaria, they unite and  decussate,
each nerve proceeding through the optic foramen 
OPTICO-TROCHLEI-SCLEROTICIEN6 58                ORBITAR
of the sphenoid bone with the ophthalmic artery, J
and through the  Fora'men op'ticum  chorio'idea,
to form the retina.  The nerve passes to the back
part of the globe of the eye, becomes narrower,
and enters that organ at a flattened  circular pa-
pilla— Collie'ulue seu  Papilla nervi optici—to
give rise  to  the  nervous  expansion called the I
retina.  Between the colliculus  and the yellow
spot of Sommering, a small projection or fold of
the retina passes—plica centra'lie ret'ina. Besides
its neurilemma, the optic nerve is surrounded by
a sheath,  furnished by the dura mater.  This ac-
companies it as far as the eye.
  The optic nerve is the nerve  of special sensi-
bility of the eye.  In  the centre of the  nerve,
there is  a punctum cacum, mac'ula nigra, where
the central  artery enters the  eye, and the cor-
responding  vein  passes out.  If a ray of light
falls on this spot it is not appreciated.
  Optic Remedy, see Ophthalmic  remedy — o.
Tbalami,Thalami nervorum opticorum—o.Tracts,
see Optic nerve.         „       ,
   OPTICO-TRO CHLEI- SCLER 0 TICIEN,
Oblique, superior of the eye.
  OPTICUM, Ophthalmic remedy.
   OPTILOS, Eye.
   OPTOM'ETER,  from  onropai,  'I see,' and
ptrpov, 'a measure.'  An instrument for measuring
the distance of distinct vision.
   OPUNTIA, Cactus opuntia—o.Vulgaris, Cactus
opuntia.
   CTR, Gold—o. Blanc, Platinum—o. Cyanure d',
see Gold—o. DivieS, see Gold—o.Hydrochlorate d',
see Gold—o. Iodure d', see Gold — o. MStallique,
see Gold—o. Nitromuriate d', see Gold—o. Oxide
d',  see Gold — o. et de Sodium  chlorure d', see
Gold—o.  et de Sonde, Hydrochlorate d', see Gold
—o. et de Soude, Muriate d', see  Gold.
   ORA SERRATA, see Ciliary  (Body.)
   ORACHE, SPREADING, Atriplex patula— o.
Stinking, Chenopodium vulvaria.
   ORAL, Vocal, (F.)  Oral, from  oe, orie,  '&'
mouth.'  Relating to the mouth or to speech.
   ORANGE, Citrus aurantium — o. Bitter,  see
 Citrus aurantium — o. Flowers of the, see Citrus
aurantium.
   Orange Grass, Hypericum sarothra—o. Root,
Hydrastis Canadensis — o.  Tree, Citrus  auran-
tium.
   ORANGEADE.   A drink, made  with  orange
 juice  diluted with water.   It is antiphlogistic,
 and often recommended in acute diseases.
   ORANGES, see Citrus aurantium — o. Curas-
 soa, Aurantia curassaventia.
   ORBES  CARTILAGINOSI  TRACHEA, see
 Trachea.                  v
   ORBICULAIRE DES LEVRES, Orbicularis
 oris—o. dee Paupilres,  Orbicularis palpebrarum.
   ORBICULAR, Orbicularis,  (F.)  Orbiculaire,
 from orbie,  ' a circle.'  Spherical, circular.
   Orbicular Bone, Oe orbicula're seu lenticu-
 la're seu Sylvii seu orbicula're Sylvii, Glob'ulus
 8tap'edi8 oeeie, Epiph'yais crurie longio'rie in'cu-
 die, Oaaic'ulum orbicula're  seu equamo'eum  seu
 cochleare seu quartum, is  the smallest of the four
 hones of the ear.  It is scarcely perceptible, round,
 convex  on  two surfaces, and situate between the
 long  ramus of the incus and the  head of  the
 stapes.
   Orbicular Muscles are muscles with circular
 fibres surrounding some natural opening of the
 body.   1.  Orbicnla'rie  seu  Conetric'tor Orie,
 Sphincter Labio'rum, Semi seu Demi-orbicula'rie,
 Supra-eemi-orbicula'rie, Labia'lie, Oeculato'riue,
 Basia'tor, (F.) Labial, Orbiculaire dee llvree.  A
 muscle situate in the substance of the lips, and
 extending  from one  commissure to the  other.
 It  is  formed of  two very distinct portions, of a i
 semi-oval shape;  one belonging to the upper lip, ;
the other to the lower.   Their  extremities croM
at the commissures, and are confounded with the
other muscles of the parts.  The use of this fleshy
muscle is to bring the lips together, and to close
the aperture of the mouth, by  making  it  repre-
sent a sort of bourrelet with radiated wrinkles.
It is an antagonist to every other muscle  of the
lips.  2.  Orbicularie Palpebra'rum seu oc'uli seu
palpebra'rum cilia'rie,  Palpebra'rum duo mue'-
culi, Palpebra'lie, Conetrict'or seu Sphincter Pal-
pebra'rum  seu  Oculi, (F.) Naso-palpSbral (Ch.),
Maxil'lo-palpSbral, PalpSbral,  Orbiculaire des
paupiires.  A muscle common to both the eyelids,
and seated in their substance.  It is broad, thin,
transversely oval, and cleft in its great diameter
It is attached to the nasal process of the superior
maxillary bone; to the internal angular process
of the frontal bone, and to the orbitar process of
the superior maxillary bone.  From these origins
the muscle passes outwards, under the skin of the
eyelids, surrounding the orbit in a circular man-
ner, extending somewhat beyond it, ind covering
the upper part  of the cheek.   It is inserted into
the skin  of the eyelids, its upper and inner edge
being intimately connected with the frontal and
corrugator muscles.   Its use is to close the eye,
by bringing the eyelids  together.  The part  of
the orbicularis which covers  the cartilages of the
eyelids,  and  which  is  remarkably thin,  is  the
Musculus Ciliarie of some authors.
   ORBICULARIS OCULI, Orbicularis  palpe-
brarum,  see Orbicular muscles — o. Oris, see Or-
bicular muscles — o. Palpebrarum, see Orbicular
muscles — o. Palpebrarum ciliaris, see Orbicular
muscles—o. Recti, Sphincter ani externus.
   ORBICULUS CILIARIS,  Ciliary ligament,
Ciliary zone.
   ORBIS GENU, Patella.
   ORBIT, Or'bita, 0. oc'uli,  Troch'ia, Conchue
seu Cav'itae  seu Fo'vea sen  Pelvic'ula oc'uli,
(F.) Orbite, from orbie, 'a circle.'  The circular
cavities  are so  called, which  lodge the organs of
sight.  The orbite  or orbitar fossa or cavitiee,
concbi, Koyxot, are situate at the upper part of the
face, and are composed of  seven bones,  viz.:—
the frontal, above; the palate and euperior maxil-
lary, below ; the sphenoid and malar, externally ;
and tbe  ethmoid and lachrymal, internally.  The
orbit is  filled  by the globe  of the eye, with ita
different accessory parts — muscles, nerves, ves-
sels,  the lachrymal  gland,  Ac.   Its  margin  is
termed margo orbita'lie.
   ORBIT A, Orbit—o.  Oculi, Orbit.
   ORBITAL, Orbitar—o. Fissure, inferior, Sphe-
noidal fissure — o. Fissure,  superior,  Maxillary
fissure.
   OR'BITAR,  Orbita'riue,  Orbita'lie, Or'bital,
(F.) Orbitaire.  Same  etymon.  Relating or be-
longing  to the  orbit.
   Orbitar Apoph'yses or Proc"esses terminate
the two  extremities of the orbitar arch.  The ex-
ternal is much more prominent, and is articulated
with the cheek-bone ; the internal is thinner, and
 joins the os unguis.
   Orbitar Arch, (F.) Arcade orbitaire, is the
projecting, round margin, which  separates  the
frontal  and orbitar surfaces  of the os frontis, and
forms a  part of the circumference of the orbit.   \
   Or'bitar  Fissures,  (F.) Fentee  orbitairee.
These are situate in  the  orbit.  They are two in
number: one euperior, the Sphenoidal; the other
inferior, the Spheno-maxillary.
   Orbitar. Foram'ina.   Of  these there are seve-
ral:—1. The Foramen  orbitarium eupe'riue, (F.)
 Trou orbitaire eupSrieur, which is situate at the'
 junction of the inner third of the orbitar arch
with its two outer thirds, and gives passage  to
the frontal nerve.  2. The Foram'ina  orbita'ria
 interio'ra  seu  inter'na,  Foram'ina  Ethmdidea* 
ORBITO-EXTUS-SCLE'ROTICIEN   659           ORGANIZABLE
These are situate at the upper part of the inter-
nal paries of the  orbit, are formed by the union
of two notches  of the os frontis with two similar
ones of the ethmoid;  and  are distinguished into
anterior and poeterior.  The former gives passage
to the ethmoidal filament of the nasal nerve and
to a small artery.
   Orbitar Nerve, Nervue orbita'lie seu orbita'-
riue seu eubcuta'neue mala, is a  branch given off
from the superior maxillary.  It enters the orbit
by the spheno-maxillary fissure, and divides into
two filaments;  the one — malar—which passes
over the cheek-bone, is distributed to th< orbicu-
laris palpebrarum, and anastomoses with the fa-
cial nerve;  the other—temporal—which passes
to the temporal fossae, and anastomoses  with the
inferior maxillary and  facial, to  become after-
wards subcutaneous.
   Orbitar  Surface, see  Maxillary bone (supe-
rior).                     _,
   ORBITO-EXTUS-SCLER 0 TICIEN, Rectus
 externus  oculi — o. Intue- SclSroticien, Rectus in-
 ternus  oculi — o. Maxillo-labial,  Levator  labii
 superioris proprius — o. PalpSbral, Levator pal-
 pebrae  superioris—o. Sue-palpSbral, Levator pal-
 pebrae superioris.
   ORCANETTE, Anchusa officinalis.
   ORCHALGIA, Orchidalgia.
   ORCHEA, Scrotum.
   ORCnEI'TIS, Oechi'tia, Oachei'tie,  Inflamma'-
 ti<i  ecroti, from opjrw,  ' the scrotum,'  and itia,
 denoting inflammation.  Inflammation of the
 scrotum.
   Orcheitis, Hernia humoralis.
   ORCHEOCATABASIS, Orchidocatabasis.
   ORCHEOCELE, Orchiocele.
   ORCHEOTOMY,  Castration.
   ORCHESTROMANIA, Chorea.
"   ORCHIDAL'GIA, Orchialgia, Orchidodyn'ia,
 from opxis,  opxtios, ' a testicle,'  and aXyos, ' pain.'
 Pain of the testicle.  Neuralgia  of the  testicle.
 Irritable  testicle.  A form of neuralgia.
   ORCHIDATROPH'IA,   Atroph'ia  teetic'uli,
 from  opj^jj, opxtios,  'a testicle,'  and atrophia,
 'atrophy.'  Atrophy or wasting of the testicle.
   ORCHIDITIS, Hernia humoralis.
   ORCHIDOCARPUM ARIETINUM,  see Ca-
 rica papaya.
   ORCHIDOCATAB'ASlS,0refteocarao'asts,Z)e-
 scen'sus teaticulo'rum, from op^is, op^i<5of,  ' the tes-
■ tis, and Karaj3aais, 'descent' The descent of the
 testes into the  scrotum.
   ORCHIDOCELE,  Hernia humoralis.
   ORCHIDODYNIA, Orchidalgia.
   ORCHIDONCUS, Hernia  humoralis.
   ORCHIDOTOMY, Castration.
   ORCHILL,  Lichen roccella.
   ORCHIOCE'LE,  Orcheoce'U, from  opxn, opxi-
 ios, 'the  testicle,' and  <nXn,  'a rupture.'  A  tu-
 mour of the testicle.  Scrotal  hernia.  Hernia
 humoralis.   A name given to several diseases of
 the testicle  and its envelopes, essentially differing
 from each other.
   Orchioce'le Scirrho'sa, Scirrhoce'le.  A ma-
 lignant tumour of the testis.
   ORCHIS, Testicle—o. Butterfly, Orchis bifolia.
   Orchis Mas'cula, Satyr'ion, Testic'ulus cani-
 nua, Cynosor'chis, Dogs' stones, Male orchie, Bal-
 lock-graee,  Male Foole' etonee,  Twinroot.  Ord.
 Orchidaceae. This root had a place in some phar-
 macopoeias,  on account of  the glutinous, slimy
 juice it contains.  The root of the Orchie bifo'Ha
 or Butterfly orchie, has likewise  been collected.
 It has been used as a demulcent   Its fancied
 aphrodisiac virtues  seem to  be owing to its re-
 semblance to opxts, 'a testicle,' whence its name.
   Salep is obtained  from this variety of the or-
 chis ;— and from the  Orchie  morio, Ac.   See
 Balep.
  Orchis,  Round-leaved, Large, Platanthera
orbiculata.
  ORCHITE, Hernia humoralis.
  ORCHITIS, Hernia humoralis.
  ORCHOI, see Tarsus.
  ORCHOTOMIA,  Castration.   Also, removal
of the tarsi.
  ORDEAL NUT—called EeSre by the natives
of Calabar — of the natural family Leguminosae,
and closely resembling a Dolichos, is possessed
of virulent acro-narcotic properties.
  ORDEOLUM, Hordeolum.
   ORDEUM, Hordeum.
   ORDINAIRES, Menses.
   ORDO MEDICINALIS, Police, medical.
   ORDONNANCE, Formula, Prescription.
   OREILLE DANE, Symphytum—o. d'Homme,
Asarum — o. de Sourie, Hieracium  pilosella — o.
d'Oure, Primula veris.
   OREILLETTE, Asarum, Auricle of the heart
   OREILLONS, Parotis, Cynanche parotidaea.
   ORELIA GRANDIFLORA, Allamanda.
   ORELLANA, see Terra Orleana. •
   OREOSELINUM, Athamanta aureoselinum—
 o. Africanum, Bubon galbanum — o. Legitimum,
 Athamanta aureoselinum—o. Nigrum, Athamanta
 aureoselinum.
   OREXIS, Appetite,  Pyrosis—o. Cynodes, Bou-
 limia.
   ORGAN, Or'ganum,  Or'ganon.   From tpyov,
 'work.'  'An instrument'  Part of an organized
 being, destined to exercise some particular func-
 tion.  Thus — the eyes are organs of sight; the
 muscles are organs of motion, Ac.   The collec-
 tion  of organs, which  concur in  any function, ia
 called apparatue.
   Organ, Mentha pulegium.
   ORGANA  GENERATIONI  INSERVIEN-
 TIA, Genital  organs — o. Genitalia,  Genital or.
 gans — Sexualia, Genital organs—o.  Sudoripara,
 see  Perspiration — o.  Urogenitalia,   Urogenital
 organs.
   ORGANES GENITAUX, Genital organs.
   ORGAN'IC, Organ'icue, (F.) Organique.  Re-
 lating to an organ or organs, and to beings pos-
 sessed of organs.  Hence, Organic  Functions
 are those  possessed by both animals and vege-
 tables.   It is also used synonymously with vital,
 in  contradistinction to physical.
   Organic Chemistry, see Chymistry.
   Organic Diseases or Lesions are such as
 concern the organ itself, in  contradistinction to
 functional, ral'ional, or dynam'ic, which merely
 concern the  function.  Of  course, organic  dis-
 eases of a part  are  always more serious than
 functional.
   Organic Nervous  System, see Trisplanchnio
 nerve.
   OR'GANICISM, Organiciem'ue, from opyivov,
 'an organ.'  The doctrine of the localization of
 disease, or which refers .it always  to  a material
 lesion of an  organ.   A modern term, but not
 much used.
   ORGANISATIO, Organization.
   ORGANISATUS, Organized.
   OR'GANISM.  Same etymon as organ.  The
 living economy. Many physiologists have used
 this word  synonymously with organization; but
 more especially  to designate the aggregate of
 vital actions in organized beings, animals as well
 as  vegetables.  The  collection  of parts com-
 posing  an organized body, and  the  laws which
 govern it
   ORGANIZABIL'ITY, from organisatio,  and
 habilie, 'suitable.'  Capability of organization or
 of being formed into living tissue.  Substances
 possessed of such capability—as fibrin—are said
! to be organizable.
   ORGANIZABLE, see Organizability. 
ORGANIZATION           660               ORPIMENT
  ORGANIZATION, Organisa'tio, from opyavoi,
 an organ.'  The manner of structure proper to
different beings.   It is also employed in the sense
of the  structure  of a part; as, the organization
ofi the heart, Ac.
  Organization,  Compounds  op, Principles, im-
mediate.
  OR'GANIZED,  Or'ganie inetruc'tue, Organi-
sa'tue,  (F.) OrganieS.   That which is composed
of organs.
  Organized Bodies, (F.) Corpe organisSe,  are
those endowed with life; i. e. animals and vege-
tables : in contradistinction to inorganic bodies,
which comprise the mineral kingdom. See Corpus.
  ORGANOCHEMIA, Chymistry, organic.
  ORGANOG"ENY, Orgftnogen'ia,  Organogen-
esis, from opyavov, 'an organ,' and ytvtats, 'gene-
ration.' The doctrine of the formation of different
organs.
  ORGANOGNO'SIA, from opyavov, and  yvtaats,
'knowledge.'  The knowledge and discrimination
of organized bodies.
  ORGANOG'RAPHY,  Organograph'ia,  from
epyavov, and ypaipn, 'a description.'  A description
of the organs of a living body.
   ORGANOLEPTIC, Plastic.
   ORGANOLOGY, Anatomy, Craniology.
   ORGANON OLFACTfts, Nasus.
   ORGANONOM'IA,  from opyavov, and vouos,
' a  law.'   The doctrine of the laws of organic
life.
   ORGANOZOONOMIA, Zoonomia.
   ORGANUM, Instrument.
   ORGASM, Orgae'mue,  Orgo'eie, from opyata,
' I desire ardently,' ' I am excited.'   (Eatrua'tion.
A strong impulse or desire for something.  State
of excitement and turgescence of any organ what-
ever.  Erethism.  Applied  particularly  to  the
height of venereal  excitement in  sexual  inter-
cottrse.
   ORGASMUS, Turgescence.
   ORGAS'TICA.  Same  etymon.  The  second
order  of the class Genetica of Good.  Defined:
diseases  affecting the orgasm ; organic or consti-
tutional  Infirmity disordering the  power or the
desire of procreating.
   ORGE, Rage.
   ORGE, Hordeum—o. PertS, see Hordeum.
   ORGEAT, Syrupus amygdalae.
   ORGELET, Hordeolum.
   ORGEOLET, Hordeolum.
   ORGOSIS, Orgasm.
   ORICHALCUM, Brass.
   ORICULAR,  Auricular.
   ORICULE, Auricle, Pavilion of the  ear.
   ORIFICIUM,  Mouth—o. Dextrum Ventriculi,
Pylorus — o. Uteri, Os uteri — o. Uterinum, see
 Uterus — o. Vaginale, see Uterus — o. Ventriculi
Sinistrum, Cardia.
   ORIG'ANUM, 0. vulga'ri seu heracleolicum,
 (Opiyavov, from opos, 'a mountain,' and yavos, ' de-
 light')  Cuni'la bu'bula, Majora'na mancura'na,
 Zazarhen'di herba, Wild or  Common marjoram,
 Mancura'na, (F.) Pied  de lit.   Ord.  Labiatae.
 Sex. Syet. Didynamia Gymnospermia.  This plant
resembles marjoram in smell; and has a pungent
 taste,  much  like  thyme.   It is aromatic  and
stimulant; and its oil possesses the properties of
the essential oils in general.  The oil, Oleum  ori-
gani (Ph. U. S.), is very pungent,  and is  rarely
given  internally.  It is used ia toothache.
   Origanum Aquaticum, Eupatorium cannabi-
num—o. Creticum, 0. dictamnus.
   Origanum Dictam'nus, 0. Cret'icum, Dictam'-
tiite Crelicus,  Amar'acne tomento'eue, Oni'tis,
Ditt'any  ofi Crete, (¥.) Dictamne de Crite.  The
leaves of this plant were  once recommended as
emmenagogue and alexipharmic.
  Origanum Heracleoticuk, Origanum.
  Origanum Majora'na, 0. majoraiio'i'dee, Ma-
jorana, M. horten'eie, Sweet mar'joram, Samp •
eucue,  Agriorig'anum,  Amar'acue, (F.) Marjo-
laine.  Its odour is strong and  fragrant;  taste
aromatic and bitterish.  Its properties are those
of a stomachic and errhine.  It "is chiefly used,
however, for culinary purposes, and as a snuff in
headache.
  Origanum Syriacum, Teucrium marum.
  ORIGINAIRE (¥.), from origo, originie, 'ori-
gin.'   This term  has been  used, by French wri-
ters, in the same sense as congenital.  It is par-
ticularly applied  to affections  depending  upon
faulty  conformation, or to  faulty conformation
itself.
  ORIGO, Arche.
  ORISMOLOGY, Terminology.
  ORLEANA, see Terra Orleana.
  ORME, Appetite.
   OR ME, Ulmus—o. Champttre, Ulmus—o. Py-
ramidale, Ulmus.                      v
   ORMEAU, Ulmus.
  ORMSKIRK  MED'ICINE.  A celebrated an-
tylissic remedy, supposed to consist of Pulv. Cre-
ta, Jss ; Bol. Armen. Jiij : Alumin. gr. x; Pulv.
Inula, Jj ; 01. Aniei, gtt. vj.
  This is taken for a dose every  morning for six
times,  in a glass of water, with a  small proportion
of fresh  milk.
   ORNAMENTUM FOLIACEUM,  see  Tube,
Fallopian.
  ORNITHOG'ALUM ALTIS'SIMUM.  (Opvt-
%yaXov,  a fanciful  name, Jrom  opm,  opvt%s, ' a
bird,' and yaXa, 'milk.')  A South African plant,
Nat. Ord. Asphodeleae, the fleshy bulb of which
is diuretic.  An oxymel is  prepared of it, which
is given  in catarrh, asthma, phthisis, and hydro-
thorax.  It resembles squill in  its medical pro-
perties.
   Ornithogalum Maritimum, Scilla—o. Squilla,
Scilla.
   ORNITHOGLOSSA, see Fraxinus excelsior.
   ORNUS EUROP.EA, see Fraxinus ornus—o.
Mannifera,  Fraxinus  ornus — o. Rotundifolia,
Fraxinus ornus — o. Sylvestris, Fraxinus excel-
sior.
   OROBAN'CHE  VIRGINIA'NA,  (opo/Say^,
from of,o0os, 'the  orobus,' and ayxie, 'I strangle.')
Epiphe'gua seu Epifia'gue America'nue seu Virgi-
nia'nue,  Virgin'ia broom-rape, Beech-drope, Can-
cer-root.  Family, Orobanchoideae.  This  para-
sitic plant is astringent, and a  peculiar and ex-
tremely  nauseous bitter.   It  is most  powerful
when fresh.  It has been used in dysentery; and,
externally, to obstinate ulcers.
   Oroban'che America'na, and 0.  Uniplo'ra,
have the same properties, and are, likewise, called
 Qancer-root, Earth-club, and Clapwort,
   OROBE, Ervum ervilia.
   OROBION,-s$e Ervum ervilia.
   OROBOI'DES, from  opo&os, 'the orobus,'and
ttios, 'form.'  Orobo'dee.   Having the shape of
the orobus.  A name given to urine,  Urina oro-
bo'dee seu oroboi'dee, when  depositing a substance
of a fawn colour, like the meal of the orobus.
   OROBUS, Ervum ervilia—o. Faba, Vicia faba.
   ORONGE, see Agaric.
   OROPHALL'US,  from   opos,  or  oppos,  'the
rump,' and ipaXXos, 'the male organ.'  A monster
having a second male organ originating  from the
rump.— Gurlt
   OROS, Cronpion, Serum.
   OR'PIMENT,  Auripigmen'tum, Orpin,  Risi-
gal'lum,  Rieeigallnm, Cloanx, Elomi, Sira, Letup.
niae, Spec'ulum cit'rinum,  Yridee,  Yride.   The
native yellow sulphuret of  arsenic.  It is poison-
ous, but less so than the oxide.   It is. also, called
Adarigo, Adarnech, Ahusal, Althanacha, Azarnet. 
ORPIN                  661                     OS
The Turks prepare a depilatory with it, which
they call Ruema.
  ORPIN, Orpiment —o. Brulant,  Sedum — o.
Grand, Sedum  telephium — o.  Repriee, Sedum
telephium.
  ORPINE, Sedum telephium.
  ORRHOCHEZIA, Diarrhoea, serous.
  ORRHOCYST'IS,  from  oppos, 'serum,' and
evarts,  'a  bladder.'  An  encysted tumour con-
taining a serous fluid.
  ORRHOHYMENITIS, Hydrohymenitis.
  ORRHOPYG'ION.   The inferior extremity of
the vertebral column ; from opos, 'extremity,' and
nvyn,  'the nates.'  The os coccygis.  Also, the
raphe, extending from the penis to the anus, and
separating the scrotum  into two parts.
   ORRHORRHCE'A,  from  oppos,  'serum,' and
ptui, ' I flow.'  A morbidly increased secretion of
a serous fluid.
   ORRHOS, Croupion, Serum.
   ORRIS,  Iris  Florentina — o.  Common, Iris
 Germanica.
    ORSEILLE, Lichen roccella.
    ORTEIL, Digitus pedis.
   ORTHOCO'LUM, from opdos,  'straight,' and
 kuiXov, 'limb.'   Stiffness of the limb, so that it is
 kept quite straight.
   ORTHODONTIA, from op%s, 'straight, right,'
 and oiovs, oiovros, 'a tooth.' The part of dentistry
 which is concerned in the treatment of irregularity
 of  the teeth.
   ORTHODO'RON.  A measure with the Greeks,
 equal to eleven  finger-breadths.
   ORTHOG'NATHOUS, from  opOos, 'right,
 Btraight,' and yvados,  'jaw.'  Having a vertical
 jaw.  A term  applied to  the  form of head  in
 which the facial angle  approaches  the  right
 angle.
   ORTHOMORPHIA, Orthopaedia.
    ORTHOMORPHOSIS, Orthopaedia.
   ORTHONTROPIA,  Orthopaedia.
   ORTHOP^EDI' A, Orthopa'dice, Orthomor'phia,
 Orthomorpho'sis, Orthontrop'ia, Orthope'dice, from
 epSos, 'right,'  and -eats,  iraiios,  'a  child.'  The
 part of medicine whose object is to prevent and
 correct deformity in the bodies of children.  Often
 used,  however,  with a  more extensive significa-
 tion, to embrace the correction or prevention of
 deformities at all ages.   Orthoaomalice,  Orthoso-
 mat'ice, from opdos, 'right,' and aoipa, 'body,' has
 been proposed as a preferable term.
   ORTHOPE'DIC,0r<Aojo(B'rficu*; same etymon.
 Relating to orthopaedia,— as Orthopedic Institu-
 tion, Inetitu'tnm orthopa'dicum seu orthopa'dium:
 an institution for the correction or prevention of
 deformities in children.
   ORTHOPEDICS, Orthopaedia.
   ORTHOPE'DIST,   Ortho'ter,  Orthopa'dicue.
• Same etymon.  One who practises orthopaedia.
   ORTHOPHORIA,   from opdos,  'right,' and
 0u>vi7,  'voice.'  A good  pronunciation.
   ORTHOPHREN'IC,   Orthophren'icne,   from
 opOos,  'right,'  and  ippnv,  'mind.'  Relating  to
 sound mind, and to the care of insanity.
   ORTHOPNCE'A,   Sujfoca'tio,  Strangula'tio,
 Prafioca'tio,  Pnix,  Pnigmue,  Euthyp'noe, Eu-
 thypnae'a,  Angor, Apnoe'a,  from op&os, 'right,'
 ' straight,' and irvtte, ' I  respire.'  Impracticability
 of  breathing in  the horizontal posture. Necessity
 of  being in the  erect posture, in order to respire.
   Orthopncsa  Cardiaca, Angina Pectoris — o.
 Convulsiva, Asthma — o.  Cynanchica, Cynanche
 trachealis—o. Hydrothoracica, Hydrothorax—o.
 Hysterica, Angone—o. Pituitosa, Mycorthopncea
 —o. Tussiculosa, Pertussis.
   ORTHOSOMATICE, Orthopaedia.
    ORTHOSOMATIQUE. Orthopaedia.
   ORTHOTER, Orthopedist.
   ORTHYSTEROPTOMA, Prolapsus uteri.
  ORTHYSTEROPTOSIS, Prolapsus -teri.
  0RT1E, Urtica—o. Blanche, Lamium album—
o. Brulante, Urtica  urens — o. Morte, Lamium
album—o. Morte dea Boie, Galeopsis—o. Romaine,
Urtica  pilulifera.
  ORTYX, Tetrao coturnix.
  ORUS,  Croupion, Serum.
  OR VALE, Salvia  sclarea.
  ORVIETA'NUM.   From the  Italian  Orvie.
tano.   An electuary  regarded as  an invaluable
antidote, and composed of Old theriac, Dried vi-
pere, Scorzonera,  Carlina, Imperatorium,  Angel-
ica, Bietort, Rosemary, Juniper, Cinnamon, Cloves,
Mace, Honey, and a crowd of other substances.
Its  medical properties  resembled,  in  some  re-
spects,  those of the  theriac.   It  was so  called,
according to some, because invented by Orvietano,
a celebrated charlatan ; or, according to  others,
from Orvieto, a town in Italy.
  ORY'ZA, Opv$a, Ory'za aati'va, Rice, (F.) Riz.
Family, Gramineae.  Sex. Syat. Hexandria Mono-
gynia.  A* plant, almost aquatic, and indigenous
in China, one of the richest  productions of Egypt,
and which prospers in the warmer regions of the
four quarters of the globe.   The grain inclosed
in the  husk is called  by the Malays Paddy, Padi,
or Paddie; when deprived  of the husk. Bras,
and when boiled, Nasi.  Its amylaceous  eeds,
 Ory'za, Ory'zum,  Hordeum galac'ticnm, nourish
more men than those of wheat and rye together.
Besides being  alimentary, tbey  are  demulcent
and emollient.   Gardiner'e alimentary prepara-
tion is very finely ground rice-meal.
  Mucilage ofi  Rice, Rice water, may be  formed
by  taking one ounce of rice, and, having washed
it,  macerating  it for three hours in a quart of
tepid soft water, in a pan placed upon a stove;
then boiling the  whole  slowly for another hour,
and straining through a sieve.
  It may be sweetened aud acidulated, or be
prepared with milk,  like arrow-root, and be ufed
as a demulcent.
  Rice Jelly is made by macerating a sufficient
quantity of clean rice in as  much  water as will
cover it; boiling  slowly, adding water as it evap-
orates, until the rice is reduced to a pap, sweet-
ening and flavouring with lemon-juice or vanilla,
and passing through a fine sieve into a form or
mould.  It may be eaten alone or with milk ; and
is a good  dietetic preparation for those of weak
digestive powers.            %
  Ground rice.  Take a tablespoonful of ground
rice, a pint and a half of milk, and half au ounce
of candied lemon-peel.  Rub the rice smooth with
the milk : then add the lemon-peel cut into small
pieces; boil for half an  hour, and  strain  whilst
the milk is hot.  It is used in the same cases as
rice jelly.
  OS,  Bone, Mouth, see Ossiculum—o. Acromii,
Acromion—o.  Adjutorium, Humeri os — o. Alae-
forme,  Sphenoid — o.  Alagas, Coccyx, Sacrum
— o.  Alatum,  Sphenoid bone — o. Amphideon,
Os  uteri — o.  Anonyme, Innominatum  os — o.
Anonymum,  Innominatum  os — o.  Anticum,
Avant bouche — o. Arcuale, Temporal bone — o.
Armale, Temporal bone^o.  Asser, Sternum —
o. de I'Aeeiette, Ischion — o.  Azygos.  Sphenoid
— o.  Ballistae, Astragalus — o. Basilare, Occi-
pital bone,  Palate bone. Sacrum, Sphenoid — o.
Baxillare, Sphenoid—o. Bicorne, Hyoides  os—o.
Brachiale, Humeri os—o. Brachii, Humeri os—o-
Calcis, Calcaneum—o. Capitatum, Magnum os—
o. Caudae, Occipital bone—o. Clunium, Sacrum—
o. Coccygis, Coccyx—o. Colatorii, Sphenoid bone
— o. Colatorium, Ethmoid bone — o. Coliforme,
Ethmoid — o.  Convolutum  superius, Turbinated
bone,  middle — o. Coronale,  Frontal bone — o.
Coxae, Innominatum os—o. Coxal, Innominatum
os,  Ischion — o. Cribleux,  Ethmoid—c- Cribri. 
OS  CROTAPHALE         662              OSCHONCUS
forme, Ethmoid — o. Cribrosum, Ethmoid — o.
Cristatum, Ethmoid—o. Crochu, Os unciforme.
   OS CROTAPHALE-  A name given by M.
BGclard to a bone sometimes met with at the an-
terior and inferior angle of the parietal bone; from
epora<pos, ' the temple.'
   Os Crotaphiticum, Temporal  bone — o. Cubi-
cum, Ethmoid bone — o. ad Cubitale, Radius —
o. Cubiti Inferius, Ulna — o. de la Cuieee, Femur
— o. Cuneiforme, Sphenoid — o.  Cuneo couipara-
tum, Sphenoid — o.  Cymbiforme, Scaphoid  bone
— o. Disciforme, Patella — o. Durum,  Temporal
bone — o. Ensiforme, Sternum.
   OS E PACT ALE.  A name given to one of the
ossa Wormiana; particularly to  one met with in
the posterior fontauelle, and which has  been de-
scribed by G. Fischer, under the name  Os Epac-
tale seu Goethia'num.
   OS E~ PACT AUX, Wormiana ossa.
   Os Externum.  The entrance into the vagina,
• in contradistinction to the Oe inter1 num or Os u'teri.
   Os Extra Ordinem  Carpi, Os pisiforme — o-
 Femoris, Femur—o. Fibrosum, Occipital bone —
o. Foraminulentum,  Ethmoid — o. Frontis, Fron-
tal bone — o. Genae, Malae  os — o. Gladioli,  Ster-
num—o.  Grand, Magnum  os—o. Grand, col du,
 Collum ossis magni—o. Grandinosum, Cuboid—o.
 Gutturis,  Hyoides os—o. Hamatum, Os unciforme
— o.' Hors du rang, Os pisiforme  — o. Hypopium,
Malae os—o. Hypseloides, Hyoides os—o. Incon-
jugatum, Sphenoid—o. Incudi similis,  Incus—o.
Inferius ventriculi, Pylorus — o.  InnominS, Inno-
minatum  os — o. IntercalSs, Wormiana ossa—o.
Internum, see Uterus—o. Inverecundum, Frontal
bone—o. Ischii,  Ischion—o. Interparietale, Inter-
parietal bone—o. Jugale, Malae os—o. Jugamen-
tum, Malae os—o. Juguli, Clavicle—o. Lacrymale,
 Unguis os—o. Lambda, Occipital bone—o. Lamb-
 doides, Hyoides  os, Occipital bone—o. Lapideum,
 Temporal  bone — o. Lapidosum, Temporal  bone
—o. Latum, Sacrum—o. Latum humeri, Scapula,
 —o. Lenticulare, Os orbiculare,  Os pisiforme—o.
 Lepidoides, Temporal bone—o. Linguae, Hyoides
 os—o. Linguale, Hyoides os—o. Lithoides, Tem-
poral bone — o. Magnum, neck of the, Collum
 ossis magni — o. Malaire, Malae  os — o. Malare,
 Malae os — o.  Maxillae superioris  undecimum,
Vomer—o. Maxillaire infSrieiire, Collum mandi-
 bulae—o.  Memento mori, Temporal bone—o. Me-
 moriae, Occipital ^one — o. Mendosum, Temporal
 bone — o. Morsus Adami, Thyroid  cartilage — o.
 Mucronatum, Xiphoid cartilage—o. Multangulum
 majus, Trapezium os — o. Multangulum minus,
 Trapezoides os — o. Multiforme, Ethmoid, Sphe-
 noid—o. Nasaux, Nasal bones—o. Naviculare, Os
 scaphoides—o. Nervale, Temporal bone—o. Ner-
 vosum, Occipital bone—o. Occipiti,  Occipital bone
 —o. Orbiculare, Os pisiforme—o. du Palais, Pa-
 late bone — o. Palati,  Palate bone — o. Palatin,
 Palate bone — o. Papillare, Sphenoid — o. Parie-
 tale inferius, Temporal bone—o.  Paxillare, Sphe-
 noid— o. Pectinis, Pubis, os — o. Pectoris, Ster-
 num— o.  Pelvi-cepbalicum, Occipital  bone — o.
 Pelvis laterale,  Innominatum os  — o. Perone  Fi-
 bula—o. Petrosum, Temporal bone—o. Polymor-
 phon, Sphenoid—o. de la Pommette, Malae os—o.
 Posterum, Pharynx—o. Praeruptae  rupi  assimila-
 tum, Temporal  bone—o. Procubitale,  Ulna — o.
 Propres du nez,  Nasal bones — o. Prorae, Frontal
 bone. Occipital bone—o. Pterygoideum, Sphenoid
 —o. Pudicum, Malae os—o. Puppis, Frontal bone,
 Occipital bone—o. Pyramidale carpi, Trapezoides
 os—o. Pyxidis, Occipital bone—o. Rationis, Fron-
 tal bone—o. du  Rayon, Radius — o. Sacrum, Sa-
 crum—o. Saxeum, Temporal bone—o. Scutiforme,
 Patella—o. de Stfehe, Sepia—o. Sedentarium, see
 Ischiatic—o. Semilunare, Lunare os—o. Sextum
 Tanii, Occipital bone — o. du Sinciput, Parietal
 bones, see Sinciput — o. Sous-ethmo'idal, Turbi-
 nated  bone, inferior — o.  Spheno-basilaro, Occi-
 pital bone—o. Sphecoideum, Sphenoid—o. Sphe-
 noidale,  Sphenoid—o. Sphenoides, Sphenoid—o.
 Spongiosum,  Ethmoid — o. Spongiosum inferius,
 Turbinated bone, inferior — o. Spongiosum  me-
 dium,  Turbinated bone, middle — o. Spongiosum
 superius, Turbinated bone, middle, Turbinated
 bone,  superior — o.  Spongoides,  Ethmoid — o.
 Squamosum,  Temporal  bone — o.  Suboculare,
 Malae  os—o. SurnumSraires, Wormiana ossa—o.
 Suemaxillaire,  Maxillary  (superior)  bone — o.
 Sylvii, Os orbiculare—o. Syncipitis, Frontal bone
 — o. Temporis, Temporal bone — o. Tesserae, As-
 tragalus, Cuboid—o. Thyreoides,Patella—o. Tibiae
 minus, Fibula—o. Tincae, Os  uteri-.-o. Triangu-
 lairee, Wormiana ossa—o. Turbinatum, Turbi-
 nated  bone, middle—o. Turbinatum inferius, Tur-
 binated  bone, inferior — o. Uncinatum, Os unci-
 forme  — o. Upsiloides, Hyoides os.
   Os  U'teri, Oe tinea  seu  inter'num seu  am-
 phid'eon seu amphid'eum, Protos'porus, Oe'cheon,
 Hyeteroe'toma, Oe'culum  seu  orific"inm  u'teri,
 Hyeterostom'ium, Hyeteroe'toma, (F.) Mueeau de
 Tanche.   The mouth of the womb, see Uterus.
   Os Uteri Externum, see Uterus—o. Uteri in-
 ternum,  see Uterus—o. Varium, Cuboid—o. Ves-
 piforme,  Sphenoid — o.  Vomeris,  Vomer — o.
 Wormiene, Wormiana ossa —  o. Xiphoides, Ster-
 num— o. Ypseloides, Hyoides os — o. Zygomati-
 cum, Malae os.
   OSCEDO,  Yawning.
   OSCHJEMATCEDE'MA,  Oechamoede'ma,
 CEde'ma scroti cruen'tum ; from oa\tov, ' scrotum,'
 'aipa,  ' blood,' and otinpa,  ' oedema.'  Effusion of
 blood  into the scrotum.
   OSCHiEMCEDEMA, Oschaematoedema.
   OSCHE, Scrotum.
   OSCHEITIS, Orcheitis, Oschitis.
   0 S  C H E 0 CARCINGMA,  Cancer,  chimney-
 sweepers'.
   OSCHEOCE'LE,  Oechoce'le,  Scrotoce'le, from
 oo-^tov, 'the scrotum,' and KnXn, 'tumour;' Scro-
 tal  hernia, see Bubonocele.   Sauvages uses oe-
 cheocele  in the sense of Dropay ofi the ecrotum,
 see Hydrocele.
   Oscheocele Aquosa, Hydroscheocele—o. Fla-
 tulenta,  Physocele—o. Hydatidosa, Hydatidocele
 —o. CEdematica, (Edematoscheocele—o. Semina-
 lis, Spermatocele—o. Urinalis, Urocele—o. Vari-
 cosa, Varicocele.
   OSCHEOCHALASIE, from ooXtov, 'the scro-
 tum,'  and ^aAao-ty, ' relaxation.'  A tumour re-
 sulting  from  hypertrophy of the  areolar tissue
 of the scrotum,  and the  excessive extension of
 the  skin of tbe part,—an affection which has been
 confounded with sarcocele.—Alibert.
   OSCHEON, Scrotum, Os uteri.
   OSCHEON'CUS,  Oechon'cue,  Oecheophy'ma,
 Oschophy'ma, from oecheon, and oynos, ' a tumour.'
 A preternatural swelling of the  scrotum.
   OSCHEOPHYMA, Oscheoncus.
   OSCHE OP LAS'TIC,  Oacheoplae'ticus, from
 oecheon,' and nXaaait,' I form.'  An epithet given
 to the operation  for restoring the scrotum when
 lost.  Oe'cheoplaety.
   OSCHEOPYCEDE'MA, Oechopyozde'ma, CEde'-
 ma ecroti purulen'turn.  Purulent tumefaction of
 the  scrotum.
   OSCHEUS. Scrotum.
   OS'CHION.  The raised margin of the os uteri.
 According to some,an excrescence from th e os uteri
   OSCHI'TIS,Orc*et'ft«,  Oechei'tie, Inflamma'tio
 ecroti, from  oecheon, and  ilia, 'inflammation.'
 Inflammation of the scrotum.
   OSCHO CARCINOMA, Cancer,  chimney-
 sweepers'.
   OSCHOCELE, Oscheocele,  Scrotocele.
,   OSCHONCUS, Oscheoncus.
» 
OSCHOPHYMA            663               OSSICULA
   OSCHOPHYMA, Oscheoncus.
   OSCHOPYCEDEMA. Oscheopyoedema.
   OSCHURCEDE'MA; from  oecheon, ovpov,
 ' urine,' and eiinpa,' oedema.'   (Edema from effu-
 sion of urine into the scrotum.
   OSCHUS, Scrotum.
   OSCHYDRCEDE'MA,   from  oecheon,  'viap,
 1 water,' and otinpa,  ' oedema.'  (Edema ecroti
 aquo'eum.   Watery oedema of the scrotum.
   OSCILLA'TIO, Irritability, Oscillation.
   OSCILLA'TION,  Oacilla'tio;  from  oacillum,
 ' an image, perhaps of Bacchus, hung on ropes,
 and swung up and down in the air.'  Vibration,
 Vibra'men, Vibra'tio,  Vibra'tua.  Also,  a partial
 rotatory movement of the eyeball to and from its
 antero-posterior axis.
   OS'CITANT (FEVER), Febria oe'citane, (F.)
 Filvre oseitante, from oecitare,' to yawn.' A fever,
 in which the patient is continually yawning.
   OSCITATIO, Yawning.
   OSCULATORIUS, Orbicularis  oris.
   OSCULUM UTERI, Os uteri.
   OSCUS. Scrotum.
   OSEILLE, Rumex acetosus—o.  Boucher, Ru-
 mex scutatus — o. Petite, Rumex  scutatus — o.
 Monde, Rumex scutatus—o.  Rouge, Rumex san-
 guineus.
   OSIER, Salix alba—o. red, Cornus sericea.
   OS'MAZOME,  Os'mozome,  Oamazo'ma, Oemo-
' zo'ma; 08'mazone, Zomod'mum, f F.) Matilre ex-
 tractive du Bouillon, Extrait  de viande; Extrac-
 tive or Saponaceoue  extract of meat; from oapnt
 'smell,' and  fapos, 'soup.'   M.  Th6nard gave
 this name to an extractive matter, contained  in
 muscular flesh and in the blood of animals, which
 he  considers  of a peculiar  nature.  It has an
 agreeable  smell and taste, and is  found  in Bouil-
 lone  of meat, in  the  proportion  of one part to
 seven  of  gelatin.  Vauquelin discovered in it
 some fungi.   It is the sulbstauce which gives the
 flavour  of meat to soups, and hence its name.
 It is a mixture of different crystallizable and un-
 crystallizable principles with empyreumatic pro-
 ducts.
   Osmazome has been prescribed in the dose of
 Jss to Jj, in broth or in  powder, with aromatics,
 as a stimulant to  the digestive actions  and a re-
 storer of appetite in convalescence.  An Oema-
 eome  choc'olate, Chocola'ta cum  oemazo'ma, has
 been introduced as an analeptic article of diet.
 It consists of chocolate Ibj to oemazome §j.
   OSME, Odour.
   OSMESIS, Olfaction.
   OSMIDRO'SIS, from  oapn, 'odour,' and 'tiptas,
 i sweat'  Perspiration of an unusual odour.
   OSMITOPS'IS  ASTERISCOit'DES, • Bellis.
 A plant, of the Cape of  Good Hope, which, from
 ita  smell  and taste,  seems to contain camphor;
 hence its  antispasmodic virtues.   In infusion, it
 is often beneficially  employed in cough, hoarse-
 ness, and  diseases of the chest generally, and  is
 said to  be serviceable in flatulent colic.  Infused
 in spirit, spir'itua bellidie, it has been used suc-
 cessfully as an external  remedy in  paralysis.
   OSMOMETRICUS SENSUS,  Olfaction.
   OSMON'OSI, Oamonu'si, Morbi olfac'tus, from
 ovpn, 'odour,' and voaos, 'a disease.'  Diseases of
 olfaction.
   OSMON0S0L0G"IA, from oaitn,' odour,' voaos,
 'disease,'  and Xoyos,  'description.'  The doctrine
 of, or a treatise on, the  diseases  of the sense of
 smell.
   OSMORRHI'ZA  LONGIS'TYLIS,  (oapn,  'a
 ecent,' and pt$a, 'a root,') Sweet Cic"ely.  An in-
 digenous plant, Order, Umbelliferae, which flowers
 in May and June.  It is an agreeable  aromatic,
 having much of the  flavour of anise.
   OSMOSE,  Osmo'ais;  from toouos, 'impulse.'
 The action by which fluids are impelled through
moist membrane and other porous septa, in  en-
dosmotic and exosmotic experiments.
  OSMOT'IC,  Oamot'icus,  same  etymon.  Re-
lating or belonging to osmose :  as " osmotic force,"
the force which induces osmose.
  OSMOZOME, Osmazome.
  OSMUND. ROYAL, Osmunda regalis.
  OSMUN'DA CINNAMO'MEA, Cinnamon
Fern.  Indigenous;  Order, Filices ; is regarded
to be demulcent, subastringent, and tonic. Boiled
in milk, it yields a fine mucilage, which is useful
in diarrhoea.
  Osmun'da  Rega'lis,  0.  epectab'ilie,  Filix
Flor'ida, Flow'ering Fern, Oemund-royal. This
plant was once thought to  possess astringent and
emmenagogue virtues.
  Osmunda Spectabilis, 0. regalis.
  0S0R0N, Opium.
  OSPHRANTERICUS, Olfactory.
  OSPHRANTICOS, Olfactory
  OSPHRASIA, Olfaction.
  OSPHRESIOL'OGY,  Osphrcsiolog'Ha, from
ootppnets, 'olfaction,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  A
treatise on olfaction and odours.
  OSPHRESIS, Olfaction.
  OSPHRETICUS, Olfactory.
  OSPHRIS'TICE,  from  ootppnois,  'olfaction.'
The doctrine of the phenomena of odours.
  OSPHYALGEMA, Coxalgia.
  OSPHYALGIA, Coxalgia.
  OSPHYARTHRITIS, Osphyitis.
  OSPHYARTHROCACE, Coxarum morbus.
  OSPHYI'TIS,  Osphy'tie, Oephyarthri'tie,  In-
flamma'tio coxa, from oaipvs,  'the hip,' and itie,
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the parts
about the hip.
   OSPHYRRHEUMA, Lumbago.
   OSPHYS, Haunch, Lumbi.
   OSPHYTIS, Osphyitis.
   OSSA BREGMAT IS, Parietal bones—o. Con-
voluta inferiora, Turbinated bones,  inferior — o.
Digitorum manfls, Phalanges  of the fingers — o.
Digitorum pedis, Phalanges of the toes—o. Epac-
talia, Wormiana ossa — o. Maxillae  superioris
quarta seu quinta seu secunda, Nasal bones — o.
Nasalia, Nasal bones — o.  Nasi, Nasal bones —o.
Nervalia, Parietal bones—o. Pisiformia lingualia,
see Hyoides, os—o.  Raphogeminantia, Wormiana
ossa — o. Sesamoidea, Sesamoid  bones — o. Sin-
cipitis, Parietal bones—o.  Spongiosa, Turbinated
bones—o. Suturarum, Wormiana  ossa—o. Tertia
maxillae superioris,  Turbinated bones—o. Tetra-
gona, Parietal bones—o. Triangularia, Sphenoidal
cornua — o. Triangularia  Blasii, Wormiana ossa
— o. Triquetra, Wormiana ossa — o. Triticea, see
Hyoides, os—o. Turbinata, Turbinated bones—o.
Verticalia, Parietal bones.
   OSSEINE, Osteine.
   OSSELETS DE BERTIN, Sphenoidalia cor-
nua— o. de VOreille, Ossieula  auditus—o. de
I'Ouie,  Ossieula auditus—o. du Tympan, Ossieula
auditus.
   OSSEOUS, 0a'8eue, Oato'dee, Oetoi'dee, Ostoid,
(F.) Oaaeux ;  from os, ' a bone.'  Bony.   Resem-
bling bone.
   OSSICLES. Ossieula, see Ossiculum.
   OSSICULA, see Ossiculum.
   Ossic'ula Audi'tus, 0.  Aurie, (F.) Oeselete de
Voreille ou de I'ouie ou du tympan.  The small
bones or oaaiclee situate in the cavity of the tym-
panum, and forming an uninterrupted chain from
 the membrane of the tympanum to that of the
fenestra'ovalis. They are four in number;  and
their series,  from without to within, is as fol-
low : Malleus, Incite, Oe orbiculare, Stapee.
   OsspcuxA  Bertini, Sphenoidalia  cornua — o.
Innomjfl^a, Innominata minora  ossa— o. Nasi,
Nasal ooRs—o. Sesamoidea,  Sesamoid bones—o.
 Triticea,  see Hyoides, os. 
OSSICULUM              664          OSTEO-SARCOMA
  OSSICULUM, (plural  Ossic'ula,)  Osta'rion, ||
Os'sicle.  Diminutive  of os, ossis, 'a  bone.'  A  ]
small bone.  See Os.
  Ossiculum Cochleare,  Orbicular  bone — o.
Incudi Comparatum, Incus — o. Malleolo  assi-
milatum, Malleus — o. Molari denti comparatum,
Incus — o. Orbiculare, Orbicular bone — o. Quar-
tern, Orbicular bone — o. Squamosum, Orbicular
bone.
  OSSIFI.CA'TION, Ossifica'tio, Ossifiac'tio, from
oa, 'a bone,' andfiacere,  'to make.'  Osteogen'ia,
Oateogen'eaia, Osteo'eia,  0ato'si8.   Formation of
bone.  Development or increase of the osseous
system.  Ossification  takes place  in  the same
manner as  the  nutrition of other organs.  The
bones are, at first, mucous, and afterwards carti-
laginous ;  the cartilage, at  length,  receives the
phosphate of lime, and is, at the same time, re-
placed by  a gelatinous parenchyma,  when the
bone has acquired the whole of its development.
  Ossification,  Points  of,  Puncta seu Nu'clei
oseificatio'nia, Nu'clei oasei, are the points where
the ossification  of a bone commences, whence it
extends to  other parts.  Almost all the bones
present a greater  or  less  number of  points of
ossification.   Besides the  natural  ossification,
which we observe in the fcetus and in the first
periods of life, there are also accidental ossifica-
tions, such  as those frequently  remarked  after
the inflammation of serous membranes, in the
parietes of  arteries, and to which the  terms Os-
thex'ia, Incruata'tion  and   Petrifiac'tion  have,
sometimes,  been applied.
  OSSIFRAGA, Osteocolla.
  OSSIS SACRI ACUMEN, Coccyx.
  OSSISANA, Osteocolla.
  OSSIV'OROUS, from os,  oeeie, 'a bone,' and
voro, 'I devour.' A species of tumour,  mentioned
by Ruysch,  which destroys bone.
  OS'TAGRA,  Oe'teagra, from  oartov, 'a bone,'
and aypa, ' seizure.'  A forceps to cut  or remove
portions of bone.
  OSTALGIA, Osteocopus.
  OSTARIUM, Ossiculum.
  OSTARTHRITIS, Arthrophlogosis.
  OSTARTHROCACE, Spina ventosa.
  OSTEAGRA, Ostagra.
  OSTEALGIA, Osteocopus.
  OSTEIDE, Osteoid.
  OS'TEINE, Oaeeine, from oartov, 'abone.' The
animal matter of bone.
  OSTEITES, Osteocolla.
  OSTEI'TIS, Oetltie, from oartov, ' a  bone,' and
itie.   Inflamma'tio Oeeie. Inflammation of bone ;
characterized by violent shooting and lancinating
pains in a bone.
  OSTEMPYE'SIS, Osteempye'sis, Oetempyo'eie,
from oartov, ' a bone,' and tuevnois, (tv, and -nvov,)
' effusion of pus.'  An abscess in the interioi of a
bone.
  OSTEMPYOSIS. Ostempyesis.
  OSTEOANABROSIS, Osteonabrosis.
  OSTEOCE'LE. from oartov, ' a bone,' and K17A17,
' a tumour.'  A hernia in which the sac is carti-
laginous and bony :—a  rare case.  Also,  osseous
induration  of one or both testicles.              ,
  OSTEOCLASIS, Fracture.
  OSTEOCOL'LA, from oartov, .'a hone,'  and
eoXXa, 'glue.'  Glue-bone, Stone or Bone binder;
 Oeeif'raga,  Holoe'tene,  Oesiaa'na,  Oetri'tee, Oe-
Ui'tee, Amoe'teue,  Oeteolithoe,  Stelochi'tee.   A
name given to petrified  carbonate of lime, found
in some parts of Germany and other portions of
the globe:  so  called,  because  it has  been sup-
posed to possess the power  of favouring the for-
mation of  callus in fractures.  It is  the Chaux
carbonatSe   concretionnSe incrustante  AMHaiiy.
Not used.                           *
  OSTEOCOPUS, Ostealgia,  Ostal'gia, Osteo-
dynia, from oartov, 'a bone,' and eonos, 'fatigue.
Boneach, Bone-ague.   Pain in the bones,—as ia
syphilis.
  OSTEOCYST'OID, Osteocystdi'des, from oarto*,
' a bone,' nvorts, ' a sack or cyst,' and  ttios, ' ap-
pearance.'  A morbid growth in bone,  consisting
of the formation of cysts filled with puriform or
other fluid.
  OSTEODENTINE,  see Tooth.
  OSTEODYNIA, Osteocopus.
  OSTEOGANGR.ENA, Necrosis.
  OSTEOGENIA, Ossification.
  OSTEOG'RAPHY,  Oeteogra'phia, from oartov,
' a bone,' and ypaipttv, ' to describe.'  Description
of the bones.  The part of  anatomy  which de-
scribes the bones.
  OSTEOHELCOSIS,  Caries.
  OS'TEOID, Oetedi'dee, (F.) OetSide, from oo-rtov,
'bone,',and ttios,  'appearance.'  An  accidental
bony production,  or  more frequently  a morbid
production, which is a calcareous incrustation of
the normal tissue or of fibrous tumours.
  OSTEOLITHOS, Osteocolla.
  OSTEOL'OGY,  Oeleolog"ia,  from  oartov,  'a
bone,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'   The part of ana-
tomy which treats of bones.
  OSTEOLYO'SIS, from  oartov,  'a  bone,' and
Xvu>, 'I dissolve.'  Necrosis or death of the bone,
as in hospital gangrene, in which the dead parti
are of soft consistence.
  OSTEOMA, Exostosis.
  OSTEOMALACIA,  Mollities ossium —0. In-
fantum, Rachitis.
  OSTEOMALACOSIS, Mollities ossium.
  OSTEOMYELITIS,  Medullitis.
  OSTEON, Bone —0. Hieron, Sacrum.
  OSTEONABRO'SIS, Oeteoanabro'eie, from
oartov, 'a bone,' a priv., and  fipioots, 'nutriment'
Atrophy of the osseous texture marked by dimi-
nution of  volume.
  OSTEON'CUS, from oartov, 'a bone,' and oyitoj,
'a tumour.'  A bony tumour.
  OSTEONECROSIS,  Necrosis.
  OSTEON'OSI, Oeteonu'ei, from oartov, 'a hone,'
and voaos,  ' a disease.'   Mor'bi oe'eium.  Diseases
of the bones.
  OSTEOPEDION, Lithopaedion.
  OSTEOPALIN'CLASIS, from oartov, 'a bone,'
7rnXiv, 'again,' and eXaots, 'fracture.' The break-
ing again of a bone which has united  unfavour-
ably.
  OSTEOPHY'MA, Osteoncus. Sometimes used
in the sense of Exostosis.   By Lobstein applied
to  bony productions  originating  in  the  deep-
seated layers  of the periosteum, in the vicinity
of a carious bone, and which seem to be intended
to  obviate the weakness resulting from the de-
struction of the bone.
   OSTEOPHYTE, Exostosis.
   OSTEOPH'YTON,  Osteophyte, from oartov, 'a
bone,'  and  ipvia,  'I  grow.'  Under  this  name,
Rokitansky describes a deposition of bony matter,
found by him on the inner surface of the parietes
of  the skull of pregnant women.
   OS'TEOPLASTY,(F.) OatSoplaetie,fTom oartov,
'a bone,'and  irXaoottv, 'to form.'  An operation
by which the total or partial  loss of a bone is
remedied.
   OSTEOPLEU'RA,  Pleuroeto'eie, from  oartov,
'a bone,' and eXtvpov,  '3. rib.'  Ossification of the
cartilages of the ribs.
  OSTEOPORO'SIS,  Oeteoeclero'eie, from  oartov,
'a  bone,'and nospvcts, 'induration.'   Induration
of a bone, from the deposition  of too much bony
matter.   Also, a bony degeneration, which con.
sists in too great porosity with hardening.  [?]
  OSTEOPSATHYROSIS, Fragilitas  ossium.
  OSTEO-SARCO'MA, Oateo-earco'eie, Sarcosto'.
eie, Hamatexosto'sis, from oartov,' bone,' and eapw 
OSTEOSARCOSIS
665
OTITIS
oapeos, ' flesh.' Disease of the bony tissue, which
consists in softening  of its laminae, and  their
transformation into a fleshy substance, analogous
to that of  cancer;  accompanied with  general
symptoms of cancerous  affection.  The word has
often, also, been used synonymously with  spina
ventosa.
  OSTEOSARCOSIS, Osteosarcoma.
  OSTEOSCLEROSIS, Osteoporosis.
  OSTEOSIS, Ossification.
  OSTEO-STEATO'MA, Exoeto'eie  eteatomato'-
dee, from oartov, 'a bone,' and artap, artaros,' suet
or fat'  A name given to bony tumours or de-
generations, which sometimes belong to osteo-sar-
coina; at others,  to spina ventosa, exostosis, Ac.
   OSTEOTOME; same etymon as Osteotomy.
A bone  saw, which has the form of a chain.—
Nysten.
   OSTEOT'OMIST, Osteotomis'ta. Same etymon
as the next An instrument, invented by Dr. D.
Davis, for cutting the bones of the foetal cranium,
where it becomes necessary to greatly reduce the
 size of the head  in parturition.
   OSTEOT'OMY,  Osteotom'ia,  frorn^ oartov, 'a
bone,'and rtpvttv,  'to  cut,' (ropn* 'an incision.')
The part of practical anatomy whose object is the
 dissection of bones.
   OSTEOTOPHUS, Tophus.
   OSTEOTYLUS,  Callus.
   OSTEULCUM, Bone-nippers.
   OSTEUM, Bone.
   OSTHEXIA, see Ossification.
   OSTIARIUS,  Pylorus.
   OSTIOLUM, diminutive of  oartov, 'a mouth
 or opening.'  A  small door or gate.
   Ostiola  Cordis, Valvula cordis,  Pellic'ula
 cordis.  The valves of  the heart.
   OSTITIS, Osteitis.
   OS'TIUM, oartov, Orific"ium, a door or gate,
 — of  the heart,  for example.   The opening —
 Os'tium atriov'entricula're seu ventric'uli veno'eum
 — between the auricle and ventricle of each side.
 Os'tium ventric'uli arterio'eum,  is the opening at
 the origin of the pulmonary artery and aorta.
   Ostium Abdominale, see Tube, Fallopian — o.
 Arteriosum, see  Ostium — o. Atrioventriculare,
 see Ostium—o. Duodenale ventriculi, Pylorus—o.
 Internum,  see Ostium  uteri — o. (Esophageum,
 Cardia.
   Ostium U'teri.  The vulva;  the vagina. The
 term Oe'tium inter'num  has been  applied to the
 inferior opening of the uterus,  which establishes
 a free communication between the cavities of the
 body and neck, and which is often obliterated in
 old women.—Cruveilhier.  The neck of the ute-
 rus ;  the mouth of the  uterus.   See  Uterus.
   Ostium Uterinum, see Tube,  Fallopian—o.
 Venosum, see  Ostium — o. Ventriculi Duodenale
 seu Pyloricum seu Dextrum seu  Inferius, Pylorus.
   OSTODES, Osseous.
   OSTOIDEA SUBSTANTIA, see  Tooth.
   OSTOID, Osseous.
   OSTOMA, Exostosis.
   OSTOSIS, Ossification.
   OS'TREA, Os'treum, oarptov, oarptiov,  Oe'trea
 edu'lie, (F.) Huitre.  Class, Acephala.  The oyster.
 The  oyster is  a  wholesome article of diet, often
 advised as analeptic and easy of digestion.
   The shells, Testa  Oe'trea, Teeta  (Ph.  U. S.),
 (F.) Ecaillee d'huitree,  have, been received  into
 the Pharmacopoeias, and used medicinally.  Their
 virtues are  similar  to those of  the carbonate of
 lime.  See  Creta.
   OSTREUM, Ostrea.
   OSTRITES, Osteocolla.
   OSTRUTHIUM, Imperatoria.
   OSWEGO TEA, Monarda eoccinea.
   OSYRIS, Antirhinum linaria.
   OTACOUST'IC, Otacous'ticus, from ovs, uros,
' the ear,' and aeovio, ' I listen.'  Any instrument
is so called which improves the sense of hearing,
—as the different species of trumpets.
  OTAGRA, Otalgia.
  OTAL'GIA,  Ot'agra, Otod'yne, Otal'gy, (F.)
Otalgie, from ovs, taros, 'the ear,' and aXyos, 'pain.'
Pain in the ear; Dolor au'rium,  Spae'mue au'-
ritim, Ear-ache.  See Otitis.
  OTAL'GIC,  Otal'gicue,  (F.)  Otalgique.  An
epithet for remedies used in otalgia.
  OTECHUS, Tinnitus aurium.
  OTEMPLAS'TRUM, Otoplas'ta, Otoplas'trum,
from ous, otos, and tpirXaorpov,' a plaster. A plas-
ter put behind the ears.
  OTEN'CHYTES,  Oten'chyta, from  oue, otoe,
tv,  'into,' and xvte, 'I pour.'  Sipho auricula'rie.
A species of syringe, used for injecting the ear.
  OTHELCO'SIS, from  ous, otos, and 'iXkwois,
'ulceration.'  Ulceration  or suppuration  of the
ear.
  OTHONE, Linteum.
  OTHONION, Linteum.
  OTHYGROTES, Otirrhoea.
  OTIATER, Aurist
  OTIATRI'A, Otiat'rice, from   oue,  otoe,  and
tarptia, 'medicine.'   The business of the  aurist.
The management of diseases of the ear;  Aural
Medicine and Surgery, Ear Surgery.
   OTIATRICE, Otiatria.
   OTIATRUS, Aurist
   O'TIC,  O'ticue, (F.) Otique, from  oue, otoe.
Belonging  or relating to the ear.  A  medicine
employed in diseases of the ear.
   Otic Ganglion, Otogan'glium, Gang'lion auri-
cula're seu o'ticum, Auric'ular ganglion, Ganglion
of   Arnold,  (F.) Ganglion maxillo-tympanique.
This is  a small ganglion, although more than
double the size of the ophthalmic, ash-coloured
and pulpy like the ganglions of the sympathetic.
It  is situate in advance of the ganglion  of Gasser,
on  the lower surface  of  the  inferior  maxillary
nerve, at the inner margin  of tbe  foramen ovale
of  the sphenoid bone.  See Petrous ganglion.
   OTIRRHCE'A, Otorrhea, Othy'grotee, Blenno-
torrhoe'a, (F.) Catarrhe  de I'Ore'ille,  from  ous,
otos, and ptw, ' I flow.'  Discharge of a purulent
or  puriform liquid, from the meatus auditorius ex-
ternus, Pyorrhoe'a au'rium, Otopyorrhea, Pya-
 otorrhoe'a, Otorrhoe'a purulen'ta.   It is a symp-
 tom of chronic otitis.  Some  authors, have, in-
 deed, used  the  term synonymously with chronio
 otitis. When it extends to the brain, it is termed
 cer'ebral otorrhoe'a; and when from the  middle
 or  internal ear, it is termed  internal  otorrhvea,
 Otorrhoe'a inter'na, and Entotorrhce'a.
   Otirrhcea Cerebral, see Otirrhoea.
   OTITES, see Digitus.
   OTI'TIS,  Otophleg'mone,  Empres'ma  otitis,
 Inflamma'tio aurie, Inflammation ofi the ear, (F.)
 Otite, Inflammation de Voreille,  from  one, otoe,
 and itie, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
 of the mucous membrane of the ear, characterized
 by excruciating pain; intolerable humming in
 the ear, with a discharge of mucus  generally from
 the  meatus, externus or  from the Eustachian
 tube. When the  inflammation is restricted to
 the lining membrane of the meatus, it is termed
 otitie catarrha'lie.'  Otitis is divided into external
 and internal, according as it  affects the meatus
 auditorius,  or the  cavity  of  the  tympanum or
 internal ear.  It may be acute or chronic.  Acute
 otitie commonly terminates in a  few  days in  a
 favourable manner, with the aid  of antiphlogis-
 tics.  Chronic otitie, otirrhce'a, is  almost  always
 accompanied by a purulent discharge from the
 meatus  auditorius.   It is often  incurable,  and
 may ultimately give occasion  to  disease of the
internal ear, and even of the brain.
   Otitis Catarrhalis, see Otitis. 
.    OT[UM                 666             OVIGEROUS
  O'TIUM,  Ota'rium, from oue,  otoe.   A small
ear.  The auricle or pavilion of the ear.
  OTOCEPH'ALUS, Mono'tia, from ous, otoe,
and KtipaXn, 'head.'  A monster, whose  ears are
in contact, or united into one.
  OTOCONIES, see Otolithi.
  OTODYNE, Otalgia.
  OTOGLYPHIS, Earpick.
  OTOGLYPHUM, Earpick.
  OTOG'RAPHY,  Otogra'phia, from  oue, otoe,
and ypatpn, 'a description.'  The part of anatomy
which describes the ear.
  OT'OLITHS, Otolithi, O'tolitee, (F.) Otolithee,
from oue, otoe, and Xidos, ' a stone.'  White cal-
careous substanees  contained in the membranous
vestibule, and seeming to be  suspended  in the
fluid of the vestibule by means of a number of
nervous filaments proceeding from the  auditory
nerve.   Their universal presence fn the  ear of
the mammalia would seem to show that they are
inservient to audition.  When of a looser con-
sistence, they are called Otocon'ia, (F.) Otoconiee,
from o«f, oiros, 'the ear,' and koviu, 'dust'
  OTOL'OGY,  Otolog'ia, from  oue,  otoe,  and
Xoyos, ' a discourse.' The part of anatomy which
treats of the ear.  An anatomical treatise  on the

  OTOPATHEMA, Otopathy.
  OTOP'ATHY, Otopathla, Otopathe'ma, from
oii8, otoe, and nados, ' a disease.' A diseased con-
dition of the ear.
  OTOPHLEGMONE, Otitis.
  OTOPLASTA, Otemplastrum.
  OTOPLAS'TICE,  Otoplasty, from  oue, otoe,
and nXaariKos, ' forming.'   The operation for re-
storing a lost ear.
  OTOPLASTRUM, Otemplastrum.
  OTOPYORRHEA, Otirrhoea.
  OTORRHAG"IA, from  oue, otoe, and payn,
'rupture.'  Bleeding from the ear or ears.
  OTORRHEUMATIS'MUS, from oue,  otoe, and
ptvpanapos, 'rheumatism;' Otalgia rheumat'ica.
Rheumatic ear-ache.
  OTORRHCEA, Otirrhoea—o. Cerebral, see Otir-
rhoea— o. Interna, see Otirrhoea—o. Purulenta,
Otirrhoea.
   O'TOSCOPE, Otoecop'ium, from oue, otoe, and
tKorn, 'examination.'  An instrument for exami-
ning the condition  of the ear.  An elastic stetho-
scope, the ends of which are tipped with ivory—
one to be inserted into the meatus of the patient.
and the other applied to the ear of the examiner.
  OTOT'OMY, Ototom'ia,  from oue,  otoe, and
rtpvtiv, ' to cut'  The part of  practical anatomy
which  teaches the mode of dissecting  and pre-
paring the ear.
   OTTO OF ROSES, see Rosa centifolia.
   OUACHITA SPRINGS, see Arkansas, mine-
ral waters of.
   OUlE, Audition.
   OULA, Gingivae.
  OULE. Cicatrix.
   OULITIS. Ulitis.
   OULORRHAGIA, Ulorrbagia.
   OUNCE, Un'cia.  A weight equal to the 16th
part of a pound avoirdupois, the 12th of a pound
troy.   It is composed of 8 drachms.   See Weights
and Measures.
   OUR A QUE, Urachus.
  OURARI,  Curare.
  OUREMA, Urine.
   OURLES, Parotis, Cynanche parotidaea,
  OURON, Urine.
  OUS, genitive otoe, ovs, aros, Ear.
  OUTHAR, Mamma, Uterus.
  OUTRE-MER, Lapis lazuli.
  OUVERTURE  CADAVERIQUE] Autopsia
•adaverica.
  OVA  GRAAFIANA, Folliculi  Graafiani —o,
Nabothi, Nabothi glandulae.
  OVA IRE, Ovarium.
  OVAL,  Ova'lie, 0'6'dee, O'oi'des, Ova'tus, (F.)
Ovale, from  taov,  ovum, ' an  egg.'   Egg-shaped ;
elliptic.   That which is round and oblong like an
egg.
  Ovale  Fora'men, Foramen  o'6'dee,  (F.)  Trou
ovale.  The  foramen obturatorium; also, the fo-
ramen in the inner paries of the middle ear, which
opens into  the vestibule; the  foramen in  the
sphenoid bone, through which the third branch
of the fifth pair issues from the cranium; and the
aperture, in  the fcetus, between the  auricles of
the heart.  See Botal Foramen.
  Ovalis  Fossa, Fo'vea ova'lie,  Valvula  seu
Veetig"ium Foram'inie ovalie, is a depression ob-
served in  the right auricle of the heart, in the
septum, which separates it from the left auricle.
It has thick  and strong edges, at  its upper and
fore part, called Colum'na  foram'inie ova'lie,
Isthmus seu An'nulue  Vieueee'nii,  An'nulue seu
Limbue  foeea ovalie: in the foetus called  An'-
nulue foram'inie  seu foeea  ova'lie.   The fossa
ovalis, in  the adult,  replaces the  inter-auricular
aperture in the septum auricularum of the foetus.
  OVALBUMEN, Albumen  ovi.
  OVA'RIAN, Ova'rial,  Ovaria'nue,  (F.)   Ova-
rien,  Ovarique;  from  ovarium,  taapiov,  ' the
ovary.'  Relating or belonging to  the  ovary—aa
Ovarian pregnancy.
  Ovarian ARTERY,Spermatic artery—o. Nerves,
Spermatic plexus of nerves — o. Pregnancy, see
Pregnancy, ovarian—o. Veins, Spermatic veins—
o. Vesicles, Folliculi Graafiani.
  OVARIOTOMY, Oariotomy.
  O'VARISTS, Ovists. Same etymon as Ovarian.
Those physiologists who think that the phenomena
of generation, in the human  species and in every
species of animal, result from  the development
of the ova or ovula of tho female,  merely incited
by the male.  Not many of the physiologists of
the  present day can be  classed  among  the
ovarists.
  OVARITIS, Oaritis.
  OVA'RIUM.  Diminutive  of taov,  ovum,  'an
egg.'  The O'vary, (Sc.) Eggbed;   Teetie mulie'-
brie seu fiemine'ue,  Oa'rion, Ooph'oron, Gynoa'-
rium, Veeica'rium, (F.) Ovaire.  The ovaries are
the organs in which  the ova are formed in ovi-
parous animals.  By analogy, the name has  been
given to tbe organs which the ancients called the
teeticlee of  the  female.  They are  two  ovoid
hodies, almost as large as the  testicles in men,
placed on each side of the uterus, between the
Fallopian  tube and  round ligament, and in the
substance of the broad ligament. Their  outer
extremity gives attachment to one of  the projec-
tions  of the fimbriated extremity  of  the Fallo-
pian tube; and the internal i3 fixed to the uterus
by a small ligamentous cord, called Ligamen'tnm
rotun'dum ova'rii, Lig'ament ofi the O'vary.  The
ovaries are composed of a very close, spongy tex-
ture—stroma,—and  of small vesicles—Foliic'uli
GVaa/ia'ni,—filled with a clear fluid : these  vesi-
cles contain  ovules, which detach themselves from
the ovarium before and after fecundation, and are
carried into  the cavity of the uterus hy the Fal-
lopian tube.
  Ovarium  Tumidum, Oarioncus —o. Nabothi,
Nabothi glandulae.
  OVATUS, Oval.
  OVER-EATING,  COLIC  FROM, Colica cra-
pulosa.
  OVERO BUTUA, Pareira brava.
  OVICAPSULE, see Folliculi Graafiani.
  OVIDUCT, Tube,  Fallopian.
  OVIDUCTUS MULIEBRIS, Tuba Fallopiana.
  OVIG"EROUS,  O'viger,   Ovig"erue;  from 
OVIPARITt             6
ovum, ' an egg,' and gero, ' I bear.''  Containing
or producing ova or eggs.
   OVIPARITE, see Oviparous.
   OVIP'AROUS, Ovip'arue, (F.) Ovipare; from
ovum, ' an egg,' and pario,  ' I bring forth.'  An
epithet applied to animals which are hatched from
eggs outside of the  body.   The condition may be
termed Ovip'aroueneee, (F.) OviparitS.  See Ge-
neration.
   OVIPAROUSNESS, see Oviparous.
   OVISAC, see Folliculi Graafiani — o. Tunic of
the, see Folliculi Graafiani.
   OVISTS, Ovarists.
   OVOLOGY, Oologia.
   OVO-VIVIP'AROUS, (F.) Ovo-vivipare, from
ovum,  'an egg,'  vivue, 'living,' and pario, 'I
bring forth.'  Oviparous animals, whose ova are
hatched within the mother,—vipers, for example.
See Generation.
   OVULA GRAAFIANA, Folliculi  Graafiani —
o. Nabothi, Nabothi glandulae.
   O'VULAR, Ovula'rie; fromovulum, 'an ovule.'
Relating or belonging to the ovule.
   OVULA'TION;  from ovulum, diminutive of
ovum,  'an egg.'   The formation of ova in the
ovary, and the discharge of the same.  Also, the
development of the embryo from the egg.
   Spontaneous Ovulation, (F.) Ovulation epon-
tanSe, is the spontaneous formation and discharge
of ova which takes place in the female of the
mammalia.   See Heat
   OVULE, Ovulum.
   OVULINE, Decidua reflexa.
   O'VULUM, 0'vule;%diminutive of ovum, 'an
egg.'  A small egg. That which has the appear-
ance of a small egg.  See Ovum.
   OVUM, uov, Oon, an egg.   The eggs of poultry
are chiefly used as food.  The different parts are,
likewise, employed in medicine.  The shell, Au-
ran'cum,  Auran'tum,  (F.)  Goque  ou  Coquille
d'ceufi, calcined, is esteemed an  absorbent.   The
 Oil ofi the egg is emollient, and is  used, exter-
nally, to  burns and chaps.  The Yolk or  Yelk
ofi the egg — Vitellum seu  Vitel'lue ovi, Lec'ithoe
— renders oils, Ac, miscible with water.  Eggs,
when  light boiled,  are easy of digestion;  but,
when very  hard-boiled or fried, they are  more
rebellious.
   Egg Brandy is made by taking of Brandy i^iv;
 Cinnamon water, f^iv; the yolks of two  e'gge;
Sugar, ^ss; and Oil of cinnamon, gtt.  ij.   Mix
the yolks of the eggs first with the water, the oil
and the sugar, stirring constantly.  Then add the*
brandy little and little, until a smooth  fluid is
formed.  It is an agreeable mode of giving brandy
in adynamic states.       e
   In Pharmacy, white of egg, which  consists
chiefly of albumen, is used  for  clarifying syrups,
Ac  Yolk of egg, (F.) Jaune  d'ceufi, beaten up
with warm water and sugar, and aromatized with
orange-flower water, forms an  emulsion, which
is emollient, and known under  the name Lait de
poule or chicken'e milk.
   Anatomists give the name Ova, O'vula, O'vules,
(F.) CEufis, to round vesicles, containing a humour
similar to the yolk  of egg, which are situate in
the ovaries of the female, and,  when fecundated,
constitute the rudiments  of the foetus.  During
gestation, the embryo  and  it«  enveloping mem-
branes  retain the name Ovum, (F.) CEufi.   The
changes induced  in the mammalia after impreg-
nation greatly resemble those in the  bird.
   Ovum,  Testicle — o.  Hystericum,  see Clavus
hystericus.
   OXALAS  SUBPOTASSICUS, Potass, oxalate
of.
   OXALAT'IC, Oxalat'icue.  Relating to oxa-
lates: hence Oxolat'ic  or  Oxalic acid Diath'esis
7             OXYCANTHA
is the habit of body which favours the formation
and deposition of oxalates from the urine.
  OXAL'IC ACID, Acidum oxallnum seu sac-
charlnum seu hydro-carbon'icum seu  acetoeella,
seu oxal'icttm seu eac'chari, Acid ofi eugar or  of
sorrel, Car'bonoue acid, from o^aXis, ' sorrel.'  Ar,
acid found in  sorrel.   It  crystallizes  in long,
colourless, quadrangular prisms, and is generally
found, in nature,  united  with  lime  or  potassa
It has been proposed, in a diluted state, as a re-
frigerant, but it is unnecessary; and, besides, in
quantity, it is a virulently acrid poison.  It is
largely employed for cleaning boot-tops;  and, as
it strongly resembles the  sulphate of magnesia,
has often been taken for it.  Several fatal cases
are, indeed, on record.   For its antidotes, Ac,
see Poison.
   OXALIC ACID DIATHESIS, see Oxalatic
   OX A LID E, Oxalis acetosella.
   OXALIS ACETOSA, Rumex acetosus.
   Ox'alis Acetosel'la,  0. America'na, Oxys
alba, called from o%vs,' acid,' owing to the sharp-
ness  of its juice.  Ths  systematic name of the
 Woodeorrel,  Cuckowbread, Sour Trefoil,  White
eorrel, Mountain Sorrel,  Trifo'lium  aceto'eum,
Oxitriphyl'lum,   Litjula,  Allelti'ja,  Acetoeella,
Oxyphyl'lon,  Oxytriphyl'lon, Panis cu'euli, (F.)
Surelle, Oxalide, Pain a Coucou, Alleluia.   Ord.
Oxalidaceaa.   Sex. Syet. Decandria  Decagynia.
This plant has a gratefully acid taste, and is used
in salads.  It has been esteemed refrigerant, an-
tiscorbutic, and diuretic
   Oxalis Americana, 0. acetosella.
   Oxalis Stricta, Yellow wood eorrel;  indige-
nous, has similar virtues.
   Oxalis Tubero'sa,  Oca.  A tuberous  plant,
whose oval-shaped  root is used as  food  by the
Peruvians.  It is watery, has  a sweetish taste,
and is much liked.
   OXALIUM, Potass, oxalate  of.
   OXAL'ME, from ofuf, ' acid,' and 'aXs, ' salt'
A mixture of vinegar and salt.
   OXALU'RIA, Urine,  oxalic.
   OXELJJ'ON, from ofus, * acid,' and tXatov,' oil.'
A mixture  of vinegar and oil, used as a condi-
ment.
   OX EYE, Helenium autumnale—o. Gall, Bile
of the ox.
   OXEOLE, AcStolS.
   OXICEDRE, Juniperus oxycedrus.
   OXID, Oxyd.
   OXIDATION, Oxydation.
   OXIDE, Oxyd.
   OXIDUM, Oxyd, see  Oxydum.
   OXI'NES,   o^tvns, (otvos,)  from  i fvy,  'acid.'
Wine already sour, but not yet  vinegar.
   OXITRIPHYLLUM, Oxalis  acetosella,
   OXODE, Oxyd.
   OXODES,  Acidulous.
   OXOIDES, Acidulous.
   OXOS, Aceticum acidum, Acetum.
   OXTER, Axilla.
   OXURE, Oxyd.
   OXYA, Fagus sylvatica.
   OXYACANTHA, Mespilus oxyacantha.
   Oxyacan'tha Gale'ni, Ber'berie, B. vulga'ris,
Spina ac"ida, Creepi'nue, (F.) Epine  vinette,
 Vinettier.  Family,  Berberideae.   Sex. Syet.
nexandria Monogynia.  The Barberry. The fruit.
of the berries, Barberriee,  is gratefully acid, and
moderately astringent.  By preparing  an alco-
holic  extract  of the root and adding water to it,
a pulverulent brown substance  is thrown down,
which, when dissolved in alcohol and evaporated,
yields the bitter principle.  Berberin, which is  an
excellent stomachic  in  the  dose of  2, 5, or  10
grains.
  The American  Barberry, Ber'berie  Canaden'. 
OXYESTHESIA           668              OXYNOSEMA
lie, Pipperidge Bueh, Sowberry,  differs slightly
from the European.   It flourishes on mountains
and hilly districts from Canada to Virginia.
  OXYESTHESIA, Hyperaesthesis.
  OXYAPHE, Hyperaphia.
  OXYAPHIA, Hyperaphia.
  OXYBAPHION, see Acetabulum.
  OXYBOL'IA,  from  ofuj,  'quick,' and &oXn,
'ejection.'  Too rapid emission of sperm.
  OXYCEDRE, Juniperus oxycedrus.
  OXYCEPHA'LIA,  'Sugar-loaf  head,' from
ofuf, 'sharp,' and KtipaXn, 'head.'  Monstrosity in
which the head is yeaked like a sugar-loaf.
  OXYCOCCOS, Vaccinium  oxycoccos— o.  Pa-
lustris, Vaeeinium oxycoccos.
  OX'YCRATE,  Oxycra'tum, from ofrs,  'acid,'
and  xpaia, ' I mix;' Poeca, Phueca.  A mixture
of vinegar and water; frequently used in medi-
cine as a refrigerant and antiseptic.
  OXYCRO'CEUM EMPLASTRUM, from ofvs,
' acid,' and xpoeos,' saffron.'  A plaster, composed
of eaffron, pitch,  colophony, yellow wax,  turpen-
tine, galbanum, gum ammoniac, myrrh, olibanum,
and  maatic.   It was employed as  a strengthening
plaster.
  OXYCUM, Oxygen.
  OXYD,  Oxid, Oxide,  Oxyde,  Ox'ydum,  Ox'-
idum, (F.) Oxyde, Oxode, Oxure, fromo£t>j, 'acid.'
A combination, not acid, of a simple body with
oxygen.
  Oxyd,  Calculous, Oxyd, cystic — o. Vesical,
Oxyd, cystic.
  Oxyd, Cystic, Calculous or Vee'ical oxyd, Cye-
tine, Nephrine, Scor'doemine.  A species  of  uri-
nary calculus, having the shape  of confused,
yellowish, semi-transparent, insipid, very hard
crystals.  When  distilled,  it furnishes  subcar-
bonate  of ammonia,  like all nitrogenized mat-
ters.  It dissolves in the nitric,  sulphuric, phos-
phoric, and oxalic acids.
  OXYDA'TION, Oxyda'tio,  Oxida'tion, Oxy-
genation.  The action of oxydizing a body; that
is, of combining it with oxygen; a combination
from which results an oxyd.
   OXYDE, Oxyd.
   OXYDE D'ANTIMOINE SULFURE, Oxy-
dum stibii sulphuratum—o. Grie  ou noir de Mer-
cure, see Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum.
   OXYDER'CIA, Oxydor'cia, Vieue a'ciee, from
o\vs, ' quick,' and itpxtii,  ' I  see.'  Sharpness of
vision.
   OXYDER'CICUS,  Oxyder'cee.   A  medicine
which sharpens the  sight.
   OXYDORCIA, Oxydercia.
   OXYD UM, Oxid—o. Antimonii cum phosphate
calcis, Antimonial powder.
   Oxydum  Ferri  Nigrum, Ferri ox'idum  ni-
grum, Black oxyd ofi iron.  The scales, which fall
from iron, when heated, consist of iron, combined
with oxygen.  They have been used like'the cha-
lybeates in general.  The  Edinburgh Pharmaco-
poeia has a Ferri ox'idum nigrum,  made  by pre-
cipitating, by ammonia, a  solution  of the mixed
tulphatee of protoxide and eeequioxide of iron.
An analogous preparation is in the Dublin Phar-
macopoeia, under the name  Ferri ox'ydum mag-
net'icum, Magnetic oxide of iron, Mar'tial Ethiope.
   Oxydum  Ferricum  Crystallizatum  Nati-
vum, Haematites—o. Hydrargyri  completum,  Hy-
drargyri nitrico-oxydum—o. Hydrargyricum, Hy-
drargyri nitrico-oxydum—o. Hydrargyricum prae-
paratum, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum—o.  Hy-
drargyrosum, Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum.
   Oxydum  Stibh  Sulphura'tum, Hepar anti-
 mo'nii, Cro'cue metallo'rum  sen  antimo'nii,  (F.)
 Oxyde  d'antimoine  eulfiurS,  Foie  d'Antimoine.
 This was formerly exhibited in the  cure of fevers,
 but  it is now rarelv employed.
   OXYDUM URICUM, Uric oxide.
  OXYECOIA, Hyperacusis.
  OXYG'AL A, from 0£uS,«sour,' and yaXa, ' milk.'
Sour milk.  The  Oxygala equinum, Caracoe'mos,
is reckoned amongst the delicacies of the Tartars.
  OXYG'ARON, from  ol-vs,  'acid,'  and yapov,
' garum.'  A composition of garum  and vinegar.
  OX'YGEN,  Oxygen'ium, Empy'real, Pure,
Vital or Dephlogie'Heated air,  Oxyif'enee,  Ox'-
ycum, Princip'ium oxyg"enane seu  oxygenet'icum
seu acidificane seu ac"idum, Elenteilturn acidifi-
icitm, (F.) Oxyghie, Air dufeu ; from o(,vs, 'acid,'
and  ytvvata, ' I  engender,' that is, generator of
acide ; and such it was believed to be, exclueively,
at the period  when  the name was given to it.
This is now known not to be the case.   Oxygen
is largely distributed in nature.   It exists in the
air, in  water, in  several acids, in all the oxyds,
and  in vegetable  and  animal  substances,  Ac.
It is obtained by decomposing  the peroxyd of
manganese or the chlorate of potassa by heat in
close vessels.  Although oxygen, in the state of
admixture in which it is found in the atmosphere,
is of vital importance, it cannot be respired in a
pure state with impunity.  Animals die in it long
before  the whole of the oxygen is consumed.  The
properties of oxygen  seem  to be stimulant.  It
increases the force and velocity of tbe pulse, and
has, accordingly, been used in  cases of cbronio
debility, chlorosis, asthma, scrofula, dropsy, para-
lysis, Ac.   It requires to be diluted with from 10
to 20 parts of atmospheric air; one  to two quarts
being given during the day.
  OXYGENATION, Oxydation.
  OXYGENE,  Oxygen.
  OXYGENESES.   A 6ame given by Baumes
to diseases which he attributed to disordered oxy-
genation.
  OXYGEUSIA, Hypergeustia.
  OXYG'LICUS,  Oxyg'licee, from  of»y, 'acid,'
and  yXvevs, 'sweet;' Mufea acida,  Ace'tum mul-
sum  dulce.   Prepared by macerating and boiling
honey-comb (from which the greater part of the
honey has been taken) in water, and adding vine-
gar   An Oxymel.
  OXY-HYDRO-CARBURETUM EX OLEO
PYROXYLICO  PARATUM, Creasote.
  OXYLAPATHUM, Rumex acutus.
  OX'YMEL,  Apom'eli, Mel aceta'tum, (F.) Act-
tomel, from ofuj, ' acid,' and utXt, ' honey.'  Honey
and vinegar boiled to a syrupy consistence.  (Mel.
deapumat. ftiv, acid,  acetic,  ^vij,  aq.  deatillat.
f 3 viij.  Add the acid to the water and mix them
with the honey previously heated.—Ph. L.)  It
is cooling;—externally detergent.
  Oxymel JSruginis, Linimentum  iEruginis.
  Oxymel CoL'CHicfJ 0. of meadow eaffron, (F.)
Oxymel colchiquS.  (Rad. colch.  recent, in lami-
nae  tenuee  eecta |[j, aceti deatillati  Ibj, mellie de-
epumat. pond. Ibij.  Macerate in a gentle  heat
for 48 hours.  Press  and boil the liquor with tbe
honey to the thickness of a syrup; stirring with
a wooden spoon.  Ph. D.) It is expectorant and
diuretic.  Dose, f Jj, in gruel.
   OXYMEL  COLCHIQUE, 0. colchici —o. of
Meadow saffron, 0. colchici.
  Oxymel Scilla, 0.ofiequille, O.  Scillkit'icum,
Mel ecilla.  (Mellie  deapumat. Oiss, aceti acilla,
Oij.   Boil in a glass vessel over a gentle fire to a
proper consistence.  Ph. U.  S.)  It is reputed to
be expectorant and diuretic.  Dose, fjj to fZii.
   Oxymel op  Squill, 0. scillae.
   OXYMYRRHINE, Ruscus.
   OXYMYRSINE, Ruscus.
   OXYNGIUM, Adeps suillus.
  OXYNI'TRON, from of„$, 'acid,' and vtrpoy,
'nitre.'  Name  of a plaster, composed chiefly of
vinegar and nitre, and recommended by Aetius
   OXYNOSEMA, Acute disease- 
OXYNOSOS              669       PACHYDERMATOCELE
  OXYNOSOS, Acute disease.
  OXYNUSOS, Acute disease.
  OXYO'PIA, Galero'piaf Hyperop'aia, Snffu'eio
excla'rane,  Aciee  vieHa,  from ol-vs, 'quick,' and
unp, ' sight'  Excessive acuteness of the sense of
sight.   Instances have  occurred where persons
could see the stars in the day time.   The cause
is seated in great sensibility of the retina.  The
term  has been used synonymously with nycta-
lopia.
  OXYOSPHRE'SIA, Oxyoephra'eia, from ofrs,
'acute,' and oatppnais, 'smell. Excessive acuteness
of the sense of smell.
  OXYPHLEGMA'SIA, ofrtpXtypaaia, (ofyy,
'acute.' and  tpXtypaota,) Acu'ta  et ve'hemene  in-
flamma'tio.  A violent inflammation.
  OXYPHCENICON, Tamarindus.
  OXYPHO'NIA, Vox acu'ta; fromofys, 'sharp,'
and tpuivn,  ' voice;' Parapho'nia  clangene seu ul-
eero'ea, 'Clangor,  Vox  clango'ea, Leptopho'nia.
A  shrill and squalling voice,  — frequently, a
symptom of morbid affection of the larynx.
  OXYPHYLLON, Oxalis acetosella.
  OXYPODIA, see Kyllosis.
  OXYPROTEIN, see Corium phlogistieum.
  OXYREG'MIA,  Ructue  ac'Hdue,  from  o&s,
'sour,' and tptvyta, 'I belch.'  Acid eructation.
  OXYR'IA RENIFORM'IS, Rumex dig"ynue,
Boreal eourdock, Mountain Sorrel, Welsh eorrel.
A plant, Ord. Polyganaceae,  Sex. Syet. Diandria
Digynia, which grows  in  the northern parts of
America and Europe ; blossoming in the spring.
It possesses the same properties as Oxalis aceto-
sella.
  OXYRRHOD'INON,* Ace'tum roea'tum, from
ol-vs, ' acid,' and poiov, ' a rose.'   A  composition
of vinegar  and roses.  (Ol. roaat. ^ij, acet. roaat.
^j.)  Used  as a liniment in herpes and erysipelas.
  OXYS, Acid,  Acute — o. Alba, Oxalis aceto-
sella.
  OXYSACCHARUM,  from o|uc,  'acid,'  and
aaKxapov, 'sugar.'  A mixture of sugar and vine-
gar.  It was called Oxyeac'charum  vomiti'vum,
when it held in  solution the glass of antimony;
and Oxyaac'charum ecillit'icum, when  it contained
squills.
  OXYSAL  DIAPHORET'ICUM  AN'GELI
SALJ5.  A preparation  of Angelo Sala.  Ace-
tate of^potass exposed to the atmosphere; and
consequently fallen  into a state of deliquium.—
Orfila.
  OXYTARTARUS, Potassae acetas.
  OXYTES,  Acidities.
  OXYTOCIA.  Same etymon as the next  Ra-
pidity of parturition.
  OXYTOCIC, Oxyt'ocue, from ofc,' quick,' and
riKToi, ' I bring forth.'   A medicine which pro-
motes delivery.
  OXYTRIPHYLLON, Oxalis acetosella.
  OXYURE VERMICULAIRE, Ascaris ver-
micularis.
  OXYURIS VERMICULARIS, Ascaris vermi-
cularis.
  OYSTER GREEN, Ulva  latissima —o. Root,
Tragopogon—o. Shells,  Ostreae  testae — o. Pre-
pared, Testa praeparata.
  OZ^E'NA, Coryza enton'ica seu purulen'ta seu
ozano'ea seu ulcero'ea  seu virulen'ta seu malig'-
na, Pyorrhee'a nasa'lie, Entozce'na, Rhini'tie ulce-
ro'ea,  Ulcue  na'rium foetene, from o£o>, ' I smell
of something.'  (F.) Ozlne, Punaieie.  An affec-
tion of the pituitary membrane, which  gives oc-
casion to a disagreeable odour similar to that of
a crushed bed-bug; hence the name Punaie, by
which the French designate one labouring under
ozaena.   It is, sometimes, owing to caries of the
bones; but  is, perhaps, most frequently depend-
ent upon syphilitic ulceration of the  pituitary
membrane, with or without  caries of the  bones
of the nose.
  Ozaena Benigna, Coryza, chronic.
  OZE, Breath, offensive.
  OZEMUN, Albumen.
  OZENE, Ozaena.
  OZONE: same etymon as Ozaena.  The pow-
erfully odorous matter produced when a current
of ordinary electricity passes from pointed bodies
into the air.—Schonbein. It is presumed to be
a peculiar modification of oxygen ; and its vary-
ing quantity in the atmosphere is supposed to
affect the health of man.
  Air containing ozone is said to be oz'onized.
P.
See Abbre-
  viation.
  P. A contraction of Pugillus.
  P. M.  A contraction of Partes
      aquales.
  P. P. A  contraction  of Pulvis
      patntm.
  PAB'ULUM, Trophe, Phorbe, AHmen'tum, Nu-
trimen'tnm.   Food, aliment.   The animal  heat
and animal epirite—unmeaning terms—were for-
merly considered the Pabulum vita.
  PACAY, Prosopis dulcis.
  PACCHIO'NI,  GLANDS  OF, Pacchionian
Bodiee, Glan'dula Dura Matris seu dura Menin'-
gis, Tuber'cula parva seu Cor'pora glandifior'mia
dura matrie, (F.)  Glandes de Pacchioni, Grannla-
tione cSrSbralee.   Small,  whitish, or  yellowish
bodies, sometimes separate, at others united like
a bunch of grapes, which are observed in several
parts of the dura and pia mater.  They receive
vessels, but apparently no nerves.  Their texture
and uses are unknown.  A considerable number
is observed in the longitudinal sinus, covered by
ike internal membrane.
  PACH^'MIA, Pachya'mia, Patha'ma, Pa-
chya'ma, from  iro^ur, ' thick,' and 'aipa, 'Hood.
Too great' thickness of the blood.
  PACHEABLEPHARO'SIS, Pacheableph'ara,
Pachybleph'aron, Pachyblepharo'eie, Pach'ytea,
from  -traxvs, 'thick,' and  IJXttpapov,  'an eyelid.'
A name given, by some  authors, to a thickening
of the eyelids, produced by tubercles or excres-
cences formed on their margins.  It is  the same
affection  as that which  Sauvages designates  Ca-
li'go d Pacheablepharo'ei.
  PACHETOS, see Laqueus.
  PACHULOSIS,  Pachylosis.
  PACH03MIA,  Pachaemia.
  PACHYBLEPHARON, Pacheablepharosis.
  PACHYCHOL'IA, from vaxvs, 'thick,' ana
j^oAr;,  ' bile.'   Morbid thickness of the bile.
  PACHYDERMATOCELE,  from iraXvsi
'thick,' itppa, itpparos, 'skin,' and  KnXn, 'a tu-
mour.  A disease of the dermoid tissue, apparently
congenital, which increases from a small mole or 
PACHYLOSIS            67
spot, at times to the size and appearance of a re-
laxed and very emaciated mamma.—V. Mott
  PACHYLO'SIS.PacAwfo'm, from ira^ws/ihick.'
An inordinate production of the epidermis depen-
dent upon hypertrophy of the papillae of the skin.
—E. Wilson.
  PACHYNSIS, Polysarcia adiposa.
  PACHYNTICA, Incrassantia.
  PACHYSMUS, Polysarcia adiposa.
  PACHYTES, Pacheablepharosis.
  PACINIAN CORPUSCLES, see Corpuscles.
  PACKING, OF THE  HYDROPATHISTS;
Emaillotage.
  PACKWAX, see Nucha.
  PAD, (S.) Pajado, from paja, 'straw'[?] ; Plu-
mace'olue, Pulvillue,  Pulvin'ulue,  Parvum pul-
vlnar ;—a cushion, a little cushion ; a junk; (F.)
Coueeinet.   A small  bag, filled with  feathers,
wool, hair, bran, chaff, Ac.  It is  used to com-
press or support parts.  In the treatment of cer-
tain fractures,  soft pads or  cushions, called by
the Freneh Remplieeagee, are placed between the
splints and the fractured limb, in order that the
prominent parts may not be chafed by the splints.
  PADDIE, see Oryza.
  PADDY,  see Oryza.
  PADNOON, Bit noben.
  PAD'UA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near
Padua, in Italy, there are several thermal sul-
phureous springs, tbe hottest of which  is 188°
Fahr.  The chief establishments are Abano, Bat-
taglia, and Montegrotto.
   PADUS,  Prunus padus — p.  Avium,  Prunus
padus—p. Lauro-cerasus, Prunus lauro-cerasus.
   P^iDAN'CHONE,  from nats, ratios, 'a child,*
and ayxo>, 'I strangle;' Angina  Sicca.   Name
 jf a fatal speeies of  cynanche, mentioned by M.
A. Severinus; probably the Cynanche Trachealie,
 or Cynanche Maligna.
   P.EDARTHROCACE, Spina ventosa.
   P^IDATROPH'IA, Atrophia infian'tilie, Ma-
 raa'mua  lactan'tium,  from nats, itaiios,  ' a child,'
 a, privative, and rpoipn, ' nourishment'  Atrophy
 of children.  Tabes  mesenterica.
   P^edatrophia Glandulosa, Scrofula.
   P^DERAS'TIA,  Padogo'gium,  Padica'tio,
 Cina'dia, from vats, iratios, ' a boy,'  and tpias,
 ' love.'   The love of boys. A disgraceful passion,
 common  in  ancient  times,  but now unknown.
 These terms are likewise applied to the crime of
 sodomy.
   P.&DEROTA VIRGINICA,  Leptandra  vir-
 ginica.         _,
   P-EDENCEPHAL IE, Hydrocephalus in-
 ternus.
   PJ5DFA, tratitta,  Educa'tio infan'tum.  The
 bringing up or education — physical as weU  as
 moral — of children.
   P^DIATRPA, Padiat'rica, Padiat'rice, from
 nais, iratios, ' a child,' and tarptia, ' medical man-
 agement' Treatment of the diseases of children.'
   PjEDICATIO, Paederastia.
   P-iEDICTERUS, Icterus infantum.
   P^EDOBAROMACROMETER, Baromacro-

•   P.3EDOGOGIUM, Paederastia.
   PEDOMETER, Baromacrometer.
   P^DON'OSUS, from  irats, iratios, 'a child,'
 and voaos, 'disease.'   A  disease of childhood.
   PiEDOPHLEBOTOM'IA, from  irais, ratios, ' a
 child,' ipXtip, 'a vein,' and ropn> 'incision.'  Vena-
 aec'tio puero'rum.  Bleeding performed on chil-
 dren.
   PjEDOT'RIBES, Min'ieter Gymnaa'ta, from
 irau, iratios, ' a child,' and  rptfSw,  ' I train.'  In
 ancient gymnastics,  the officer  acquainted with
 all  the prescribed  exercises, and who  carried
 them into effect, according to the direction of the
 superior.
0                  PAINT
  P^DOT'ROPHY, Padotroph'ia. (F.) PSdo-
trophie, from nats,  naiios, 'a child,' and rpoipn,
' nourishment'  Tho part of hygiene, which con-
cerns the nourishment of children.
  P.EON, Physician.
  PjEO'NIA, P. officina'lis seu mas'cula seu n«-
mora'lie seu fern'ina  seu loba'ta, Glycie'ide, Ha-
mago'gum,  Pe'ony, or Pi'ony, male and female.
(F.) Pivoine, Pione, Herbe Sainte-Roee.  From
Haaav, ' the god of  physic'  The  root, flowers,
and seeds were long esteemed powerful medicines.
They are feebly astringent, and have  bein con-
sidered to be narcotic and  antispasmodic  They
have been given, particularly, in  intermittents
and epilepsy, but are not now used, '/"j.* flowers
are called Roea benedic'ta, R. re'git.
  P^EONICE, Medicine.
  P.EONICUS, Medical.
  PiEONIUS, Medical.
  P.EOSYNE,  Medicine
  PAGAPOPLEX'IA, from naytiv, 'to nail fast,'
and airojrX>j^ia, ' apoplexy.'  Apoplexy from cold.
  PAGOS, Peritonaeum.
  PAIDIA, Infancy.
  PAIDION, Infans.
  PAIGIL, Primula veris.
  PAIN,   (old  F.) painer, 'to torment;' Sax.
pinan, 'to torture.'  Dolor, Algoe, Alge'ma, AU
ge'do, Alge'eie, Od'yve,  Ache.  (Sc.)  Hachse,
'(Prov.) Crazy,  Wark,  (F.) Danleur.   A  disa-
greeable sensation, which scarcely admits of de-
finition.   It  is generally  symptomatic, and  is
called acute, (F.) aigue, when  very violent, as a
twinge ; pungent, (F.) pongitive, when  it resem-
bles that which would be produced by a sharp
instrument run into the part: heavy, (F.) grava-
tive, when attended with a sensation of weight;
tensive, when the part seems distended: lan'cina-
ting, when occurring in shoots:  lac"erating or
 tearing, when the part seems to be  tearing:  burn-
ing, (F.) brulante, when resembling that produced
by a burn, Ac.
   Pain, Sun, Hemicrania.
   PAIN, see Triticum—p. ct Coucou, Oxalis ace-
 tosella—p. de Madagascar, Jatropha manihot—
 p.  de Pourceau, Cyclamen.
   PAINS, AFTER, see P. labour.
   Pains,  Gnawing, Dolo'ree  roden'tes.  Pains
 resembling what might be produced by  the gnaw-
 ing of an animal.
   Pains, Labour pains, Throes, Throwe, Partu-
 rien'tie dolo'ree, Odin, Odie, Dolo'ree ad partum,
 Torm'ina parturien'tium, (F.) Mal d'Enfant, Dou-
 leurs.  The uneasy sensations  that accompany
 labour, and are owing to uterine  contraction.
 The pains that precede actual  delivery, and are
 simply employed in dilating  the os  uteri, are
 called grinding; those which extrude  the  child,
 forcing.   Those  which take place in the first
 days after delivery, and are employed  in forcing
 away coagula,  Ac, are  termed After  paine, Do-
 lo'ree seu  Tormina poet partum, D. puerpera'rum,
 (F.) TranchSee utSrinee.
    "To take a pain," — "To try a pain," — is to
 make an examination per vaginam, during labour,
 to discover its  progress, character, Ac.
    The French term  the pains, which precede and
 announce  labour, mouchee; those  which accom-
 pany it, douleure; and those which occur imme-
 diately afterwards, tranchSee ou coliquee.
    PAINT, (from pingere, pinctum, 'to  paint,' (I.;
 pinto, (F.) print;) Pigmen'tum, Fucue, (F.) Fard.
 A  name given to different substances, employed
 for embellishing the complexion or rendering the
 skin softer.  The substances most commonly used
 for this purpose are:—the Subnitrate of Bismuth,
 (¥.) Blanc de fard.  A spirituous solution  of
 benzoin, precipitated by water, and forming Vir-
 gin'e  milk, (F.) Lait virginal; the red or rougt 
PALAD                  671     PALATO-PHARYNGIEN~
of the carthamus ; Spaniah white ; the oxides of
lead, tin, and  mercury, vermilion, red saunders,
Ac.  All paints may be said to be noxious.  They
injure the skin ; obstruct perspiration ; and, thus,
frequently lay the foundation for cutaneous affec-
tions.  See Cosmetic.
   Paint, Indian, Hydrastis Canadensis, Sangui-
naria Canadensis — p.  Yellow,  Hydrastis Cana-
densis.
   PALAD, Vertex.
   PALESTRA, Gymnasium.
   PALAIS,  Palate.
   PALAME. Palm.
   PALATAL, Palatine.
   PALATE,  Palo1 turn,  Hypero'a,  Hypero'um,
 Uranis'cos, Roof ofi the month, Fossa Palatina,
 Palatum etab'ile, Hard Palate, (F.) Palaie.   The
 upper part of the cavity of the mouth ; a kind of
 parabolic vault, formed by the two superior max-
 illary bones, and the  two palate bones, covered
 with a  thick and  dense  mucous  membrane:
 bounded, before and at the sides, by the superior
 dental arch; and,  behind, by the velum palati.
 A whitish line runs along the  middle, from be-
 fore to behind; at the anterior extremity of which
 is a tubercle corresponding to the' inferior orifice
 of the anterior palatine  canal.  The  arteries of
 the palate and corresponding gums proceed  from
 tbe palatine,  alveolar, infra-orbitar,  labial, and
 buccal  branches.   The  veins  follow a similar*
 course.   The nerves are given off from the pala-
 tine, facial,  infra-orbitar, superior dental, and
 from the naso-palatine ganglion.
   Palate, Artificial, (F.) Obturateur du Pa-
 laie.  A  plate of tortoise-shell, silver, Ac, used
 to close  a deficiency of the palate.
   Palate Bone, Os  Pala'ti seu baeila're, (F.)
 Os Palatin ou du Palais, is  a small bone,  of an
 irregular shape, situate at the  posterior part of
 the nasal fossae and palate.   It seems formed by
 the union of two bony plates joined at right an-
 gles to  each other; so that  one  is inferior and
 horizontal; — the  other, euperior  and vertical.
 The horizontal or palatine  portion, Arch of the
 palate, is quadrilateral.  Its  upper surface  forms
 part of the nasal fossae; the  lower forms part of
 the palatine arch, and  contains the inferior orifice
 of the poeterior palatine canal.  Its anterior edge
 is articulated with  the palatine  process of the
 superior  maxillary bone;  the posterior is free
 and sharp.   It gives  attachment to  the velum
 palati, and  presents an  eminence, which,  when
 joined with one on the  opposite side, forms the
 posterior nasal spine.   Its inner edge is articu-
 lated with the corresponding bone;  its outer is
 confounded  with  the  vertical portion.  The ver-
 tical or  aecending portion has the form of a long
 square.   The inner surface  forms  part  of the
 outer paries  of the nasal fossae.   Its outer sur-
 face is unequal, and is articulated with the  supe-
 rior maxillary bone ;  behind, it presents a verti-
 cal groove,   which  forms part of  the posterior
 palatine canal; and, above, a small free surface,
 which looks into the zygomatic fossa.  Its  ante-
 rior edge is  united with the superior maxillary
 bone; the posterior is unequal, and rests  on the
 internal ala  of the pterygoid process.   The angle,
 which it forms by uniting with  the posterior edge
 of the horizontal portion, presents a very promi-
 nent pyramidal eminence, called the tuberoeity of
 the palate bone.  Its upper margin is  surmounted
 by two eminences;—the one, anterior, called the
 orbitar proceee ; — the other posterior, the  ephe-
 noid process.  These two processes are separated
 by an almost circular notch,  which the sphenoid
 bone forms  into  a foramen, called  the spheno-
 palatine.
   This bone appears U> be developed from a sin-
 ale point of ossification.  It is artioulated with
the sphenoid, ethmoid, the cornua sphenoidalia,
superior maxillary bone, the inferior spongy bone,
the vomer, and its fellow.
  Palate, Cleft, see Harelip—p. Falling down
of the, Uvulitis —p. Fissured, see Harelip —p.
Hard, Palate—p. Soft, Velum pendulum palati.
  PAL'ATINE,  Palatal,  Palatlnue, Pal'atic,
from palatum, ' the palate.' Relating or bel >ng-
ing to the palate.
  Palatine or  Palatal  Arteries are two  in
number.  They are distinguished  into, 1.  Tbe
superior palatal or palatine,  Palatina  descen'-
dens or P-tlato-max'illary, which  leaves the in-
ternal maxillary behind the top of the orbit;  de-
scends  into the  pterygo-maxillary  fissure, and
enters the posterior maxillary canal.  Its branches
are distributed to the velum palati and the nasal
fossae.   2. The  inferior or ascending palatine or
palatal, which is very small, and separates from
the facial  near its  origin.  It passes along  the
lateral and superior part of the pharynx, between
the pillars of the velum palati, and  divides into
a number of ramusculi, which  are distributed to
the pharynx, the corresponding tonsil, the Eus-
tachian tube, and the velum palati. •
   Palatine Canals  or Ducts.  These are two
in  number.  The anterior, Ductue inciei'vus seu
Na8a'lo-palatlnue, Incleive canal,  is situate at
the anterior part  of the  palatine  arch, and is
formed by the two  superior maxillary bones.  It
is single beneath, but opens above by two aper-
tures, one into each nasal fossa.  The foramen is
called Fora'men ineiei'vum seu Palati'num ante'-
riue seu Alveola're  ante'riua seu  cacum  os»i's
maxilla'rie euperio'ria.  The  poeterior  palatine
canal is situate at the posterior part of the palate.
It is formed by the palate and superior maxillary
bones, ascends between these  two bones, and, in
its course, gives rise to two or three small acces-
sory palatine canals, which open above the tuber-
osity of the palate bone.   It transmits the nerves
and vessels which  bear its name.   The foramen
is  called,  F. Palati'num poete'riue seu Palato-
 maxilla're seu alveola're poete'riue.
   Palatine Membrane is the fibro-mucous mem-
 brane that lines the palate or  roof of the mouth.
   Palatine or Palatal  Nerves, Gutturo-pala-
 tine (Ch.), are three in number; and arise from
 the inferior part of the spheno-palatine ganglion.
 1. The  great  palatine, Palatin  infSrieur (Ch.),
 is  situate anteriorly  to the two  others, and de-
 scends into the posterior palatine canal; gives a
 naeal  filament  and a staphyline  filament, and is
 distributed on the  palate.  2.  Tho  middle pala-
 tine, Guttural (Ch.), which arises behind the pre-
 ceding, enters  one of the accessory palatine  ca-
 nals, and is distributed to the  tonsils and velum
 palati.   3. The  little palatine nerve, situate  still
 more backward  than the  last, which loses itself
 by several filaments in the uvula, tonsils, and fol-
 licles of the palatine membrane.
   PALATITE, Isthmitis.
   PALATITIS, Uranisconitis.
   PALATO-GLOSSUS, Glossostaphylinus.
   PALATO-PHARYNGEUS^aryn'^o-staja&y-
 li'nue, Staphyllno-pharyngeu8, Thyro-pharyn'go-
 etaphyli'nue, part of the Hypero-pharyngeue, (F.)
 Palato-pharyngien, Stylo-pharyngien  (Ch.).   A
 membranous  muscle, broader at  its middle than
 at its  extremities, and situate vertically in the
 lateral  paries of the  pharynx and velum palati.
 It includes the peristaphylo-pharyngeus,  pha-
 ryngo - staphylinus, and   thyro-staphylinus  of
 Winslow.   When the two palato-pharyngei con-
 tract together, they depress  the velum.  They
 elevate and shorten the pharynx,  and act princi-
 pally in deglutition.
   PAL A TO-PHAR YNGIEN,  Palato-pharyn- 
PALATOSTAPHYLINI
672
PALMAR
 geus — p. Saipingeus, Circumflexus—p. Salpin-
 gien,  Circumflexus.
   PALATOSTAPHYLINI, see Azygos muscle.
   PALATUM  FISSUM,  Hyperoochasma, see
 Harelip—p. Mobile, Velum  pendulum palati—p.-
 Molle,  Velum pendulum  palati — p. Pendulum,
 Velum  pendulum palati.
   PALE, Pollen.
   PALENESS, Pallor,  Och'rotee, Ochro'ma,
 Ochri'asia,  Leuco'eie,  Dealba'tio,  Luror, (F.)
 Pdleur.  Whiteness of complexion.  It appears
 to be owing to a diminution or alteration  of the
 blood circulating in the capillary vessels, and  is
 often a sign of disease.
   PALES COULEURS, Chlorosis.
   PALETTE (¥.), Pal'mula, Fer'ula.  An in-
 strument of  percussion.   It has the shape of a
 spatula with a long handle; is made of very light,
 white wood, and has been proposed, by Mr. Percy,
 for what is called the Maeeage, a kind of pressure
 or  kneading, exerted by the hand on the body
 and limbs, to excite the tone of the skin and sub-
 jacent tissues.
   Palette also means a cup for bleeding; and the
 xiphoid cartilage [?].
   PALETTE A PANSEMENT. A small splint
 of thin, scooped wood, having the shape of the
 hand, and used to support  the hand in certain
 cases—when  burnt, for example—in order to pre-
 vent the fingers from being deformed by the cica-
 trices.
   PALETTE DE CABANIS.  An instrument,
 invented by Cabanis of Geneva to draw out the
 extremity of the stylet when passed into the nose,
 in  the  operation  for fistula lacrymalis.   It is
 composed of two  plates  of silver, pierced with
 several  holes, and movable on each other.  To
 use it, the instrument must be carried into the
 nose,  so that  the holes of the two plates corres-
 pond.   When the  end  of the  stylet  is received
 into one of these  holes, it is pinched, by sliding
 one of the plates on the other, and is easily with-
 drawn.
  PALEUR, Paleness.
  PALI PLAGUE, see Plague.
  PALICOU'REA  CROC'EA,  Peycho'tria
 croc"ea, Order, Cinchonaceae, a  native of the
 West  Indies, is possessed, according to Von Mar-
 tius, of emetic properties.
  Palicourea Marcgraa/vii, Erva do rato, Gal-
 va'nia Vellozii, a  native  of  Brazil, is poisonous,
 and employed there to kill rats and mice.
  Palicourea Officina'lis, a  native of Brazil,
 is reputed to be  a  powerful diuretic in  small
 doses.
  Palicourea Specio'sa, Goldehrub, a native of
 New Granada and  Brazil.  The leaves are consi-
 dered to be antisyphilitic.   The decoction in large
 doses  is poisonous.
  PALILLO, Campomanesia lineatifolia.
  PALIMPISSA, see Pinus  sylvestris.
  PALINCOTESIS, Recrudescentia.
  PALINDROME, Palindromia.
  PALINDROM'IA, Palin'drome, from raXtv,
 'again,' and ipopos, 'a course.'  This word signi-
 fies, with some, a reflux of fluids from the  exte-
 rior towards the interior; and, according to others,
 the relapse of an affection—the  recurrence—Re-
 cur'aio, Repetil'io—of a paroxysm, or disease,—
 Morbu8 recidi'vus, Morbi recur'eue.
  PALINGENESIS, Regeneration.
  PALLA, Pila.
  PALLAT, Vertex.
  PALLIA'TION, Pallia'tio, from palliare, pal-
liatum, 'to cover, mask;'  from pallium,  'a man-
tle.'   The act of palliating — that is, of causing
the symptoms of a disease to mitigate, without
 curing it.  The medical art can  frequently only
 moderate the symptoms of a  disease, prevent it
 from making progress, prolong the days of the
 patient,  and  diminish his sufferings.   This is
 palliative treatment, (F.) Traitement patliatifi.
   PAL'LIATIVYj,Palliatlvue,Antipath'ic,Enan-
 tiopath'ic, (F.) Patliatifi.   A remedy or mode of
 treatment, which only relieves a disease, without
 curing it.  The palliative  treatment—Cura pal-
 liati'va,  is  placed in antithesis  to the radical,
 Cura radica'He ; see Radical.
   PALLIDULUS, Blafard.
   PALLIDUS MORBUS, Chlorosis.
   PALLOR, Paleness — p. Virginum, Chlorosis.
   PALM, Palma, traXapn> Vola, V. manue, Plate'a,
 Thenar,  Agea, Agoa'tua, Poc'ulum,  Pat'era,  Su-
 pellex seu  Supellec'tile Diog"enie, (F.) Paume
 ou Creux de la main.  The hollow or inside of
 the  hand.   It is limited, without, by the thenar
 eminence, which answers to the thumb; within,
 by the hypothenar eminence,  which answers to
 the  little finger; above, by the wrist-joint;  and,
 below, by the four fingers.
   Palm, Gomuto,  see Toddy.
   PALMA  CHRISTI, Ricinus  communis —p.
 Cocos, Cocos nucifera—p. Dactylifera, Date tree
 —p. Humilis,  Musa paradisiaca—p. Indica vina-
 ria secunda, see Toddy—p. Unguentariorum, My-
 robalanus.
   PALMAE  U'TERI PLICA'T^E,  Arbor  vita
 uteri'nue, A. u'teri viv'ificane.   The arborescent
 striae in the interior of the  cervix uteri.
   PALMAIRE, Palmar—p.  CutanS,  Palmaris
 brevis—p. Grand, Palmaris magnus—p. Grite,
 Palmaris longus—p.  Long, Palmaris longus.
   PALMAR, Palma'rie,  (F.)  Palmaire,  from
 palma,  ' the palm of the  hand.'  That which
 concerns the palm of the hand.   The palm  has,
 sometimes, beerf divided into three regions, called
 palmar.  1. The external palmar region corres-
 ponds to  the thenar  eminence. 2. The  internal
 palmar region is formed by the hypothenar emi-
 nence-* and, 3. The middle palmar  region is the
 hollow of the hand, (F.) Creux de la main.
   Palmar  Aponeuro'sis,  Palmar  faa'cia.  A
 strong triangular aponeurosis, which arises  from
 the inferior  tendon of the  palmaris brevis,  and
 the anterior annular ligament of the carpus.  It
 covers the whole palm of the hand,  and  adheres,
 somewhat strongly, to the skin of the part  The
 palmar  ligaments  are  small, very numerous.
 fibrous fasciae, which unite the  different bones of
 the carpus and metacarpus.
   Palmar Arches, (F.) Arcadee ou Croaeee pal-
 mairee. The curved extremities of the radial and
 cubital arteries in the palm of  the hand.  There
 are two palmar arches: — the  one, cubital or eu-
 perficial,—grande  Arcade palmaire of Chaussier,
 furnishes, at its convexity  towards  the  fingers,
 the collateral arteries of the fingers, and the in-
 ternal  collateral of the thumb; the other,  the
 radial, profound, or deep-seated,—petite Arcade
palmaire of Chaussier, is deep in the palm of the
 hand beneath the tendons of the  flexor  muscles
 of the fingers.  It gives  some  small branches
 only to the surrounding parts.  The palmar veins
accompany the corresponding arteries.
   Palmar  Arteries, see  Palmar  arches — p.
 Fascia, P. aponeurosis.
   Palmar Muscles.   These  are three  in num-
ber.  1. Palma'rie Magnus, Flexor carpi radia'lie,
 Radia'lie intern'ue, (F.) Epitrochlo-mStacarpien
 (Ch.), Palmaire grand, Radial antSrieur.   A long
fusiform muscle, which passes obliquely from the
inner tuberosity of the humerus to the upper ex-
tremity of the  second metacarpal bone. It bends
the hand. 2. Palmaris longua, Latescen'tie chorda,
 Ulna'r is  grae"His, (F.)  Epitrochlo - carpi - pal- 
PALMARIS  BREVIS         67
maire (Ch.), Palmaire long, P. grele. This muscle I]
is situate on the inner side of the last.  It is very
slender, and passes from the inner tuberosity of
the humerus to the anterior annular ligament of
the carpus, and to the palmar aponeurosis, which
it seems to form by the vanishing of its fibres.  It
stretches  the palmar aponeurosis, and bends  the
hand.  3. Palmaria Brevie, Caro quadra'ta, Car-
pia'ue, (F.)  Palmaire cutanS.  A small, thin,
quadrilateral muscle ; situate before the  thenar
eminence.  It  passes  from the annular ligament
of tbe carpus to the integuments of the palm of
the hand, which it wrinkles by its contraction.
   Palmar Veins, see Palmar arches.
   PALMARIS BREVIS, see Palmar muscles —
 p. Longus, see Palmar muscles — p. Magnus, see
 Palmar muscles.
   PALMETTO, SAW, Cbamaerops serratula.
   PALMI-PHALANGIENS, Lumbricales  ma-
 nus.
   PALMISTRY, Chiromancy.
   PALMOSCOP'IA,  from  naXuos, 'palpitation,'
 and aKontia, 'I view.'  Investigation of the beat-
 ing of the heart and pulse.  Prognosis from the
 beating of the heart and pulse.
   PALM ULA. Date, Palette.
   PALM US, Palpitation—p.  Cordis,  Palpitation
 — p.  Plumbarius, Colic, metallic — p. Vomitus,
 Vomiting.
   PALO DE CALENTURAS, Calenturas—p. de
 Vacca, Galactodendron jitile — p. de Velas,  Par-
 mentiera cerifera.
   PALOMMIER, Gaultheria.
   PALOS DE  CALENTURA, Cinchona.
   PALPA'TION, from palpare, palpatum,  (F.)
 pilper, 'to feel.'  The sense of touch.  It is also
 used for the mode of exploring diseases by feeling
 or pressing upon the diseased organ.  A delicate
 and  discriminating touch — tadtifs erudi'tne — is
 important in the diagnoses  of many morbid  con-
 ditions.
    PAL'PEBRA, supposed  to  be  from palpitare,
 'to palpitate,' owing to  its frequent motion. [?]
 Bleph'aron, Oper'cttlum seu Cooper'cutum oc'uli,
 Eyelid, (Prov.) Eye-breih,  (Sc.) Ee-winker,  (F.)
 PaupiSre.   The  eyelids are  two  movable vela,
 situate in front of the eye; which by their sepa-
 ration permit  the organ to receive the impression
 of light, or by their greater or less occlusion  pro-
 tect it from the influence of too great light, or
 from the action of extraneous bodies.  They are
 separated, above, from the  forehead, by the  eye-
 brows;  and,   below, are confounded with  the
 cheeks.  They are distinguished into upper,  Pal-
 pebra major seu euperior, Epiece'Hs — and lower,
 Palpebra minor seu inferior,  Hypocce'lie, Hypo-
 ce'liim, Hypoc'ylnm.  The former is much broader
 and more  movable than the latter.  They are
 separated by a transverse cleft — Fissu'ra palpe-
 bra'rum—and their edsros are thick, and furnished
 with  tbe cilia or eyelashes.   Supported  by the
 tarsal cartilages, they unite at the extremities of
 the transverse diameter of the orbit, forming two
 angles, the innermost  being  called  the  greater
 angle of the eye, or inner or greater canthus ; the
 other, the leaser, or  external  angle  or canthus.
 They are formed, 1. Of a thin dermoid texture :
 2. Of a muscular membrane, — a portion  of the
 «*l.:<-ularis : 3. Of a particular fibrous membrane:
 4. Of the tarsi:  5.  Of a mucous  membrane, — a
 part of the tunica conjunctiva.
    Their vessels and nerves are called Palpebral.
    Palpebra  Inferior Extrorsum  Flexa, Ec-
 tropion—p. Tertia,  Valvula semilunaris.
    PALPEER/E  SUPERIORIS  PRIMUS, Le-
 v.it.nr pulpebrae superioris.
    PAL'PEBKAL,  Palpebra'lie,  from palpebra,
 'tho eyelid.'  That  which  belongs or relates  to
 the eyelid.
        43
3     PAMPINIFORM  PLEXUS
  Palpebral Arteries are those distributed to
the eyelids.   They are two in number ;  an upper
and a lower.  The former arises  from  the oph-
thalmic, a little beyond the cartilaginous  pulley
of the  greater oblique muscle, and descends to-
wards the upper eyelid, over which it  is  distri-
buted.   The  latter arises  at tho  side of,  and  a
little behind, the preceding, and sends  its rami-
fications to tbe lower eyelid and the neighbouring
parts.   The palpebral veins  have a similar ar-
rangement; except that some of  them  open into
the temporal and labial  veins.
   Palpebral Flux, Puriform.   A  puriform
discharge, furnished by the glands of  Meibomi-
us, when  inflamed;  and to which Scarpa attri-
butes fistula lacrymalis, in many cases.
   Palpebral Ligaments are distinguished into
superior and inferior.  Some  anatomists, with
Winslow, have  described, under  this name, the
fibrous layer which  is  attached, — on  the one
hand,  to the outer part of the  circumference of
the orbit; on the other, to the tarsal cartilager
   Palpebral Nerves, Nerves  of the  eyelida,
arise, particularly, from the  frontal  and lachry-
mal branches;  from the  ophthalmic  nerve of
Willis; and  from the facial, nasal, and infra-or-
bitar branch of the superior maxillary  nerve.
   PALPEBRALIS, Orbicularis palpebrarum.
   PALPEBRARUM  APERIENS   RECTUS,
Levator palpebrae superioris—p. Duo  musciili,
Orbiculares palpebrarum.
   PALPEBRATIO, Nictation.
   PALPITATIO, Palpitation —p.  Arteriarum,
see  Palpitation — p. Cordis trepidans,  Cardio-
tromus.
   Palpitatio Membro'rum.   A  term  used by
 Gaubius for involuntary shaking of the legs.
   PALPITA'TION, Palpita'tio,  Palmus,  P. seu
 Tremor Cordis,  Palpita'tio seu Pulsa'tio  Cordia,
 Vibra'tio Cardi'aca seu Cordia, Cardiogmns, Cctr-
diopal'mue,  Subeultio,  Clonus  Palpita'tio, (Sc.)
Dunt, Dount, (F.) Palpitation,  P. du Coeur, from
palpitare, palpitatum, ' to throb.'  A name given
to the pulsations of the heart, when they become
stronger, more extensive, or more sensible to the
individual than ordinarily.  Palpitations occur in
a number of affections.   They  are, sometimes,
owing to organic diseases of the heart—hypertro-
phy, inflammation,  Ac.; at  others,  to a  disease
in some  other  viscus; whilst,  frequently, they
are merely nervous.
   Palpitation i« soitfetimes felt in the arteries,
 constituting Palpitatio  Arterio'ea.
   PALPITATION DU CCEUR, Palpitation.
   PALSIED, Paralytic.
   PALSY, Paralysis—p. Bell's, Paralysis, Bell's
 — p. Histrionic, Paralysis, BeU's.
   Palsy, Lead, Paralyai8 eaturni'na seu  metal
 lica, Molybdopa'reeie, (F.)  Paralysie  saturnine,
 Metallic Palsy, Painters' Palsy.   The paralysis
 of the upper extremities  especially, induced by
 the poison of lead.  Palsy of the intestines, thus
 induced,  is  called,  by Piorry,  AnentSronervie
saturnine.
   Palsy, Metallic, see Palsy, lead — p. Paint
 ers', P. lead—p. Shaking,  Paralysis agitans — p.
 Trembling, Paralysis agitan*.
   Palsy Wort, Primula veris.
   PALTA, Persea gatissima.
   PALUDAL, Elodes.
   PALUDAPIUM, Apium graveolens.
   PALUDEEN, Elodes.
   PALUDOSUS, Elodes.
   PALUS.  Marsh, Penis—p. Sanctus, Guaiacum
   PALUSTRE, Elodes.
   PAMB10MA, Panbioma.
   PAMOISON,  Syncope.
   PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS, Corpus pampini-
forme. 
PAMPINIFORME  CORPUS     674               PANDEMIC
  PAMPINIFORME CORPUS, sec Corpus pam-
piniforme.
  PAMPLE'GIA, Panplegia,  from irav,  'all,'
and  jrXi^yui, ' I strike.'  General paralysis.  Palsy
of the whole  body.
  PANACE'A,T«va/crfa. Catholicon, Cathol'icum,
from ruv, 'all,' and aKtoput, 'I cure.'  Univeraa'le
reme'dium, Punch ree'toe.  A pretended universal
remedy. There is no such thing in  existence.
  Panacea Dccis Hoi.sati.-f:, Potassa? sulphas
— p. Duplic-ata, Potassae sulphas — p. Lapsorum,
Arnica  montana — p.  Mercurialis, Hydrarg3'ri
Bubmurias — p. Mercurii  rubri, Hydrargyri ni-
trico-oxidum—p. Pectoris, Glechoma hederacea
■—p. Vegetabilis,  Crocus.
  PANACEE ANGLAISE, Magnesipe carbonas.
  PANA'DA, diminutive  of  Ital. pane, 'bread,'
(Lat. puiiia,)  Pana'ta, Panatella.  Bread, boiled
in water to the  consistence of pap.  Sometimes
administered to the sick.
  Simple Bread Panada may be made by put-
ting any quantity  of  grated  stale bread into
enough water to  form a moderately thick pulp:
covering it  up, and  leaving it to soak for  an
hour;  then beating it up with two tablespoonfuls
of milk, and a small portion of refined sugar, and
boiling the whole for ten minutes, stirring all the
time.
  PA NATS.  Pastinaca sativa.
  PANARIS, Paronychia.
  PANARITIUM, Paronychia.
  PANARIU.M, Paronychia.
  PANATA. Panada.
  PANATELLA, Panada.
  PANAX, see Panax quinquefoliura — p. Costi-
nuiu, l'a.-tinaca opoponax—p. Heracleum, Pasti-
naca opoponax — p.  Pastinacea, Pastinaca opo-
po'iax.
  Panax Quinquefo'lium, Aurelia'na  seu Ara'-
lia  Cattail n'sis, Ginseng, Ninaing, Geneanij, Red-
berry,  Fire fingers.   Same etymon  as  Panacea.
Family, Araliacea?.  Sex. Syat. Polyandria Mo-
noecia.   This plant  grows in North  America.
The root—Panax (Ph. U. S.)—Radix ginseng—is
about the thickness of the little finger; an inch
or two in length, often dividing into two branches;
of a whitish-yellow colour; wrinkled on the sur-
face, and of  a compact, almost horny, texture.
It has no smell, but a very sweet taste,  combined
with a slight degree of aromatic bitterness.   It
is much esteemed  by  the Chinese, who  pay a
high price  for it.  It is a gentle and  agreeable
stimulant
  Panax ScniNSENG, Aeiat'ic  Ginaeng, a native
of Asia, has  been usually confounded with the
last   The root, radix ninsi, has like virtues.
  PANBIO'MA, Pambio'ma,  from nav,  'all,' and
fitos, 'life.'   The original animating   principle.
The general principle of life.
  PANCHRESTOS, Panacea.
  PANCHYMAGO'GUM, Pantago'gon, from irav,
'all,' x»P°S> 'juice,' and ayoi,  ' I drive away.'   A
medicine which the ancients believed capable of
purging away all sorts of humours.
  Panchymagogum Minerale, Hydrargyri sub-
murias.
  PANCCENOSUS, Pandemic.
  PANCCENUS  (MORBUS), Pandemic.
  PANCRATIUM, Pancreas.
  PAN'CREAS, from 7rav,  'all,' and xptas, 'flesh;'
i. e.  'quite fleshy.'   Callic'reae,  Pancra'tium,
Pan'ereum, Laetes, Pnlvi'nar  ventriculi, Totum
carno'sum. Gland'ula saliva'lis  abdom'inis, Pan-
cre'ne,  Sweetbread.  A  gland, deeply  seated  in
the abdomen, and lying transversely on the ver-
tebral column, between  the three curvatures of
the  duodenum, behind the stomach, and to the
right of the spleen.   Its left extremity is called
tho 'ail of the pancreas; it is smaller  than the
 right, which is called the head.  At its right por-
 tion, it has, almost always, a greater or less pro-
 longation; called, by Winslow, and some others,
 the lesser pancreae, (F.^ Petit pancrSas, Pancreas
 of Aselli, Pancreae minua.   The pat.creas resem-
j bles the salivary glands  in strucinre, and  has
 been called the Abdominal Salivary Gland.  It is
 composed of lobes and granulated lobules, dis-
 tinct, and united by areolar tissue.   From each
 of the granulations of these lobes arise the radi-
 cles of its excretory duct, which are very delicate,
 and united like veins.  The duct it-self, Ductus
 Pancreat'icue   seu  iVirsitiigiiliius,  Paiiereat'ic
 duet, Canal or Duct of Wiraung or Wirsungs, (F.)
 Canal paucrSatique, proceeds  in a  serpentine
j course through the substance of the organ; and
 when it  has reached behind  the second portion
 of the duodenum, it  becomes free, and  is of tbe
 size of a  crow's quill.  It opens at an acute  angle
 into the  choledoch duct, or proceeds close, to it,
 opening  separately  into  the duodenum.   The
 Pancreatic arteriea are very numerous aud small.
 They proceed  from the coeliac, splenic, superior
 mesenteric, right gastro-epiploic, coronaria ven-
 triculi, and left capsular.   Its veine  open  into
 the radicles of tbe vena porta ; and, particularly,
 into the splenic and lesser mesenteric.  Its nerves
 emanate  from  the solar plexus, and its lympha-
 tics pass into ganglions,  to which  it  gives its
 name.    The   pancreas  secretes  the  Pancreatic
 juice, Succue seu Liquor Pancreat'icita, Lympha
 Pancrea'tie, (F.)  Sue pancrSatiqiie,  which  re-
 sembles  the saliva.  When this juice is mixed
 with amylaceous matters, it converts them into
 dextrin and glucose.  Its great use appears, how-
 ever, to be, to  emulsify fatty matters by virtue of
 a peculiar  albuminoid principle — pancreatin —
 coagulable by  heat or alcohol,which it contains.
   Pancreas of Aselli, see Pancreas — p. Mi-
 nus, see  Pancreas—p. Petit,  see Paneleas — p.
 Second,  Brunner's glands.
   PANCREATAL'GIA,   from  pancreae,   and
 aXyos, ' pain.'  Pain or disease of the pancreas.
   PANCREATEMPHRAX'IS,  from  pancreas,
 and tftippaaaij),  'I obstruct'  Obstruction of tbe
 pancreas.
   PANCREAT'IC, Pancreat'icue, (F.) PanerSa.
 tique.  Same  etymon as Pancreae. Relating to
 or affecting the pancreas.
   Pancreatic Arteries, see Pancreas—p.  Duct,
 see Pancreas—p. Juice, see Pancreas—p. Nerves,
 see Pancreas — p. Veins, see Pancreas.
   Pancreat'ic Sarco'ma op Ab'ernethy, Em-
 phy'ma  sarco'ma pancrealicum.  A tumour, in
 irregular masses, connected by loose fibrous sub-
 stance, like the irregular masses of the pancreas.
 Found in the  areolar substance: but, more usu-
 ally, in  lymphatic glands,  chiefly in  the female
 breast.
   PANCREATIN, see Pancreas.
   PANCREATI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio pancrea'tie,
 (F.) Inflammation du Pancreae,  from  pancreas,
 and itia, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation
 of the pancreas;—an affection, the phenomena
 of which are not well known.
   PAN'CREATOID, from pancreas, and  ttios,
 'appearance.'   Pancreatoldee.   A  tumour  re-
 sembling the pancreas in structure.
   PANCREATON'CUS,  from   pancrea,,   and
 oyeos, 'a swelling.'  Tumour of the pancieas.
   PANCRENE, Pancreas.
   PANCREUM,  Pancreas.
   PANDA'LEA. Panda'Unm.  A kind of lozenge
 used by the Arabian  physicians.
   PANDALEUM, Pandalea.
   PANDALITIUM, Paronychia.
   PANDEMIA, Pandemic.
   PANDEM'IC,  Pan'demy, Pande'mia, Morbui
 Pande'miue seu Pande'nue seu Pancae'nue,  Pan- 
PANDEMIE              675              PAPAVER
coeno'eue,  (¥.) PandSmie;  from irav, 'all,' and
inpos, ' people.'  An  epidemic which  attacks the
whole, or a great part, of the populatien.
  PANDEMIE, Pandemic.
  PANDEMY, Pandemic.
  PANDICULATION, Pandiciila'tio, Scordine'-
ma,  Scordinie'mtta, Clonue Pandiciila'tio,  from
■nandiculari,  (pandere,   'to  stretch  out,')  'to
stretch as one awaking  from  sleep.'  Stretching,
Halicce, (pi.) An action, which consists in ele-
vating the upper limbs, and  throwing the  head
and trunk backwards, at the same time that the
lower limbs are extended.  This series of motions
of the extensor  muscles is in some  measure in-
dependent of the will, and is accompanied  with
yawning,  which  is equally involuntary.  In the
state of health, stretching occurs before and after
sleep; especially  when  we are fatigued.   It is
also  observed at  the  onset of certain paroxysms
of fever, hysteria,  Ac.
  PANDOCE'UM, Pandochi'um,   Pandoci'um,
from irav,  'all,' and itxopai, ' to receive.' An inn
that receives all classes.  A general hospital, or
one that admits  all cases.
   PANDOCHIUM, Pandoceum.
  PANDOCIUM,  Pandoceum.
  PAXHIDRO'SIS, from irav, 'all,' and 'lipuois,
 sweating.'   Sudor univeraa'li8. Sweating over
the whole body.
  PANHYPEREMIA, Plethora.
  PANIC D'lTALIE,  Panicum Italicum.
  PANICAUT,  Eryngium campestre—p. Mari-
time.  Eryngium  maritimum.
  PANIC GRASS, ITALIAN, Panicum Italicum.
  PANICUM DACTYLON, Cynodon daetylon.
  Pan'icum Ital'icum, from pania," bread,'  Ital-
ian  Panic Grass, Indian  Millet,  Guinea  Corn,
Barba'doee  Millet, Milium In'dicum,  Sorghum,
Holctts Sorghum,  (F.)  Millet dee  oiseaux  ou  d
grappee, Panic d'Italic  Nat. Ord.  Gramineae.
The seed—Mil'H Sem'ina—are  much esteemed in
Italy, being a constant  ingredient in soups, and
made into a variety of forms for the  table.
   Panicum Milia'ceum, P. milium, Common Mil-
let, Milium, M.  Pan'icum seu Esculent.'um, Cen-
chron, Cenchrue, (F.) 31 iHot ordinaire, Mil.  Mil-
let-seed are esteemed a nutritious article of diet,
and are often made into puddings.
  Panicum Milium, P. miliaceum.
  PANIS CANICACEUS, see  Canicae—p. Ciba-
rius seu  secundarius,  Syncomistos — p.  Cuculi,
Oxalis acetosella—p. Porcinus,  Cyclamen.
   PANIV'OROUS,  Paniv'orue, from panie,
'bread,' and voro, 'I  devour.'  Subsisting on
bread.
   PANNI, Swathing clothes.
   PANNICLE,  Membrane.
   PANNICULE  CHARNU,  Panniculus  car-
nosus.
   PANNICULUS, diminutive of pannus, cloth.
A piece of fine cloth.  Pterygion.
   Panntculus Adiposus, Cellular membrane.
   Panniculus Carno'sus. Tu'nica carno'sa, Mus-
cular  Web, 3tantle, (F.) Pannicule  charnue, is  a
general covering  found in the quadruped, and
formed by a thin, subcutaneous muscle,  which
serves to move  the  skin.  It exists only in cer-
tain parts of the  human body, — as in the fore-
head, where it is formed by the occipito-frontalis;
in the neck,'by the platysma  myoides; and, in
the scrotum, by  the cremaster muscle.
   Panniculus Cordis, Pericardium — p. Hyme-
nals, Hymen—p. Virginalis, Hymen.
   PANNIKELL,  Cranium.
   PANNUS. A piece  of cloth.  This word has
several other meanings, many of which are equi-
vocal.  It means  a tent for  a wound, and, also,
an irregular naevus or  mark on the skin. — Cas-
telli.   Modern ophthalmologists apply it to an
opake  and vascular condition of the anterior
membrane of the cornea, almost invariably pro-
duced by the continuance of purulent or strumous
ophthalmia,  or  by chronic inflammation  of the
cornea. This  part becomes  nebulous, covered
with red vessels, and opake.   At times, the scle-
rotic conjunctiva" undergoes a similar  change to
that which occurs in the corneal portion.
  Pannus Hepaticus, Chloasma—p.  Lenticula-
ris, Ephelides.
  PANOCHIA, Bubo.
  PANOPIIO'BIA, Pantophobia, Panphobia,
Pavopho'bia, Athym'ia, Favor, (F.) Frayenr noc-
turne, Souci; from LTav, ' the god Pan,' anti ipofios,
' fear ;' a panic or fear inspired  by the god  Pan,
according to the opinion of the ancients.   Others
derive it, and  with more  probability, from irov,
'all,'  and  <po/los,  'fear.'   This  universal and
groundless fear is morbid, and  is a symptom of
melancholy.
  PANOPHTHALMITIS, from  irav, 'all,' and
ophthalmitis, ' inflammation of the eye.' Inflam-
mation of the whole eye.
  PANPHOBIA, Panophobia.
  PANPLEGIA, Paraplegia.
  PANSCLERO'SIS, from nav, 'all,'  and okX*-
pwois, 'hardness.' Complete induration of a part.
  PANSE, Ingluvies.
  PANSEMENT, Dressing.
  PANSIES. Viola tricolor.
  PANSPER'MIA, from irav,  'all,' and  oireppa,
'sperm.'  The theory of Dissemination ofi  Germs,
according to which, ova or germs are disseminated
over all space, undergoing development under
favourable circumstances.
  PANSY, Viola tricolor.
  PANTAGOGON, Panchymagogum.
  PANTANANCEPHA'LIA,  from  vav,  rravros,
'all,' and anencepha'lia, absence of brain.  En-
tire absence of brain—the same as anencephalia.
—I. G. St. Hilaire.
  PANTATROPHIA, froma-av, rravros, 'all,' and
arpoipta, ' atrophy.'  Universal atrophy.
  PANTHOD'IC, Panthod'icus, from irav, iravros,
'all,' and 'oios, 'a way.' An epithet  applied by
Dr. Marshall Hall, to a course  of  nervous action
proceeding from one point in all directions  to
every other.
  PANTICES, Intestine.
  PANTING,  Anhelatio.
  PANTOGANGLIITIS, Cholera:
  PANTOPHAGISTS, see Omnivorous.
  PANTOPHAGUS, Omnivorous.
  PANTOPHOBIA, Hydrophobia, Panophobia.
  PANTOZOOTIA, Panzootia.
  PANUS, Phygethlon—p. Faucium, Stomato-
panus--p. Inguinalis, Bubo.
  PANZOOT'IA, Pantozo'dtia ; from  irav,  'all,'
and $u>or, ' animal.'  An  endemic or epidemic
disease affecting animals generally.
  PAP, Mamma, Nipple.   Also, a soft food made
of  bread  boiled  or  softened with water,  (Sc.)
Breadberry.
  Pap  of the Hass, Uvula — p. of the Throat,
Uvula.
  PAPAS AMERICANUS, Solanum tuberosum.
  PAPA'VER, P.* eomnif'erum, 31econ, Lethe'a.
The White Poppy, Papaver eati'vum, (F.) Pavot
dee Jardine.  Ord. Papaveraceae.  Sex. Syet. Po-
lyandria Monogynia.  The  Capsule op tub
White Poppy, Co'dia, Koiita or xoiitta,  Sca'phion,
Papav'erie Caput seu  Cap'eula,  Papaver,  (Ph.
U.  S.,) 3Iecon, Poppyhead, is used in fomentation
as an anodyne and relaxant, to inflamed or ulce-
rated parts.  The expressed oil  of the seeds is
called by the French Huile d'QEillett-*.  It is from
the poppy that Opium—called, also, Opium  The-
ba'icnm, Meco'nium,  Opion, Stanut  Dei,  Ajfion
Affium, Amphiam, Afium, Osoron  L*.* danum, 
PAPAVERACEUM           676         PAPPEA CAPENSIS
Mecon, Sopio, (Prov.) Poppy pill, (F.) Opium brut
ou cru—is procured.  It is the milky juioe  ob-
tained after the flowering of the plant, by making
longitudinal incisions in the capsules and stalks.
It is  commonly obtained from  the Levant  or
India, where the poppy grows abundantly. Opium
is a compound of morphia, narcotina,  meconic
acid, codeia, narcein, meconin, caoutchouc, fecula,
resin, oil, and several other substances.  Turkey
Opium is  of a  heavy and  slightly  fetid colour.
Its taste is nauseous, bitter, acrid, and warm: it
is in flat pieces; solid and  tenacious; of a dark
brown colour,  and yellowish  when powdered ,-
making a  light brown, interrupted  streak  on
paper.  In Eaat India  Opium, the odour is  the
same, and empyreumatic; the taste is less bitter,
but more nauseous, and  the colour darker.  The
varieties of opium known in commerce are  the
Smyrna, the  Con8tantinople, the  Egyptian,  the
Pereian, and the Indian.  Opium is stimulant in
small doses ; sedative, in large ; narcotic and ano-
dyne; operating through the nervous system.  It
is a most valuable remedy in all painful  affec-
tions, and  inflammations, when given so as to
produce its full, sedative effects, especially in pe-
ritonitis. In diarrhoea and dysentery, it acts as an
astringent; and in intermittents, it will often pre-
vent  the paroxysm.   In typhus, in small doses,
it acts as a cordial; in larger, it allays irritation
and produces  sleep.  When applied externally,
its narcotic effects  are developed: and, hence, it
Is a useful applicatiop to irritable sores, painful
tumours, Ac.   Dose. gr.  i to } as a stimulant; gr.
j to iv as a sedative.
   Papaver Cereale, P. rhoeas — p. Cornicula-
tura, Chelidonium majus—p. Erraticum, P. rhoeas
—p. Luteum, Chelidonium majus.
   Papaver Nigrum.   This is merely a variety
of the white poppy, producing black seeds.
   Papaver Rhosas.  The systematic and phar-
macopoeial name of the Red  corn-poppy. Corn
roae, Papaver erralicum seu cerea'le seu rubrum,
Copper  roee, Red-mailkee, (F.)  Coquelicot.  The
heads of this species  contain a milky juice of a
narcotic quality.   A syrup. Syr'upua Rhce'adoe,
of its flowers—Rhoeas (Ph. L. and E.)—has been
directed, which has been esteemed  diaphoretic
and slightly soothing; but is more admired for
Its colour than  for any other property.
   PAPAVERACEUM,  Opiate.
   PAPAVERCULUM, Meconium.
   PAPAVERINE, Papaveri'na; from papaver,
'the poppy.'   An alkaloid contained in opium;
but not much investigated.
   PAPAVERINUM, Codeine.
   PAPAW TREE, Carica papaya.
   PAPA YER, Carica papaya.
   PAPER,  BLISTERING,  see  Sparadrapum
resicatorium.
   PAPIER  EPISPASTIQUE,  see Sparadra-
pum vesicatorium.
   PAPIL'LA, (F.) Papille—diminutive,perhaps,
from papa, one of the earliest cries of the infant,
ascribed to a craving for  food.  The end of the
breast, the nipple.  See Nipple.  An eminence
similar to a nipple.  A name given to small emi-
nences, more or less prominent, at the surface of
several  parts,  particularly  of the skin and mu-
cous  membranes, in which latter situation they
are also called  villi.  See Villous.  They appear
formed by the ultimate expansion of the vessels
and nerves, and are susceptible, in some cases, of
a kind of erection.   They are also called Papilla
nervo'ea seu Ner'vea, P. Pyramida'lee, Nervoue
papilla, (F.)   Papillee ou  Papillee  nerveueee,
Honppee nerveiises.
  Papilla Lacrymalis, see Lachrymil puncta
—p. Mammae, Nipple—p. Nervi optici, see  Optic
nerve—p. Pili, see Hair.
  Papilla, see Corpuscles, Pacinian—p. Calyci.
formes, see Papilla? of the tongue—p. Capitatae,
see Papillae of the tongue—p. Circum vallatao, see
Papillae of the tongue — p. Conical, see -Papilla!
of the  tongue — p. Conoidal, see Papillae of the
tongue—p. Filiform, see Papillae of the tongue
— p. Fungiform, see Papillae of the tongue — p.
Fungoid, see Papillae of the  tongue.
  Papilljs  of the Kidney, (F.)  Mamelone  du
rein, are the projections  into tho pelvis of the
kidney of the apices of the cones—Pyramida of
Malpighi, Pyranlidee Malpighia'na — of the tu-
bular substance  of the  organ.  They are also
called Procea'sua mamilhlres, Carun'cula papil-
la'ree, and Papilla renum.
  Papillae,  Lenticular,  see  Papillae  of the
tongue — p. Maximae, see Papillae of the tongue
—p.  Mediae, see  Papillae  of  the tongue—p.  Min-
imae, see Papillae of the tongue—p. Mucosae, see
Papillae of the tongue — p.  Nerveae, Corpuscles,
Pacinian — p. Nervous, see  Papilla — p.  Pyra-
midal,  see  Papillae of  the  tongue — p.  Pyra-
midales, see Papilla — p. Renum, see Papillae of
the kidney — p. Semilenticulares, see Papillae of
tho tongue.
  PAPiLLiE  op the Tongue  are very numerous
and  marked. They are observed, particularly, at
the upper surface of the organ, and are distin-
guished into—1. The Lentic'ular papilla?, Papilla
muco'ea seu max'ima seu capita'ta seu valla'tce
sen circumvalla'ta seu trttnca'ta seu calycifor'mea.
They aro arranged at  the base of the tongue in
two oblique lines having the  shape of the letter
V; and united angularly at the  foramen caecum.
They have, in  general,  an   ovoid or  spherical
shape,  and  have  seemed to be mucous follicles
similar to those  of the palate, lips, Ac.  2. The
Fun'gifiorm or Fungoid Papilla, Papilla me'dia
seu eemilenticula'ree, are of indeterminate number,
but always more  numerous  than the preceding.
They are irregularly disseminated near the edges
and tbe point of the tongue; have a rounded and
flattened head, supported by a short and narrow
footstalk.  Their tint is whitish.  3. The Con'ical,
Conoid'al or Pyram'idal papilla, P. min'ima seu
villo'ea,  are  the  most numerous of all.  Their
arrangement is more regular in the  forepart of
the tongue than behind.  They resemble small
cones; the  base being towards  the tongue and
the apex free. The anterior are very small, and
have been  called Filiform papilla.  They ap-
pear to be produced by the terminations of the
filaments of the lingual nerve, an'd are surround-
ed by an evident vascular network.
  Papillae  Truncate, see Papillae of tbe tongue
—p. Vallatae, see Papillae of the tongue—p. Vil-
losae, see Papillae of the tongue.
  PAP'ILLARY,  Papilla'rie,  Papilloue, (F.)
Papillaire, from papilla.  Of or belouging to the
nipple  or to the papillae.
  Papillary Body, Corpus pnpillare.
  PAPILLI-AUT-MAMMILLI-FORMIS,  Mas-
toid.
  PAPILL'IFORM, Papillifiorm'ia, from papilla,
and forma, ' form.'  Having the shape or appear-
ance of a papilla.
  PAPILLO'MA.  A tumour, whose specific ele-
ments  are those of the  papillae of the  normal
skin; and which consequently is composed of a
stem of fibrous or homogenous connective tissue ;
is  club-shaped, cylindrical  or  acuminated, and
covered with a layer of epithelial cells, similar to
those of the normal papillae.—Forster.
  PAPILLOUS, Papillary.
  PAPOOSE ROOT, Caulophyllum thalictroides
  PAPPE, Mamma.
  PAPPEA CAPEN'SIS.  A small  tree of tbe
Nat. Ord.  Sapindaceae, common  in  Cafferland,
the fruit of which  is  called Wild Plume.  It 
PAPPUS  AMERICANUS       677             PARAGLOSSA
furnishes a vinous  beverage, and excellent vine- |
gar.   Ita kernel contains an oil, which, although
eatable, is somewhat  cathartic, and is  recom-
mended  as an external  application in tinea
capitis, alopecia, Ac.
  PAPPUS AMERICANUS, Solanum  tubero-
sum.
  PAP'ULA.   Akin to papilla.  A pimple,  Ex-
or'mia, (Prov.) Pouke, Puckle, (Sc.) Pluke, Plouk,
(F.)  Papule, Bouton, Bourgeon.  A small, acu-
minated elevation of the cuticle, with an inflamed
base; very seldom containing a fluid, or suppu-
rating,  and commonly terminating in scurf or
desquamation.  An eruption of pimples is called,
in Devonshire, Murfiee.
  Papula  form the  first  order of Willan  and
Bateman's arrangement of cutaneous diseases.
  Papula Agria, Lichen agrius — p. Fera, Her-
pes exedens—p. Miliaris, Miliary fever — p. Ty-
phosa, Spots, red.
  Papulae, Lichen—p. Siccae, Lichen—p. Sudo-
ris, Miliary fever — p. Sudorales, Sudamina.
  PAPULAR, Papulose.
  PAPULEUX, Papulose.
  PAP'ULOSE, Papulo'eue, Pap'ttlous, Papula'-
tue,  Pimpled,  Pap'ular, Papula'ria, (F.) Papu-
leux, from papula.  Of or belonging to, resem-
bling, or covered with, papulae or pimples.
  PAQUERETTE VIVACE, Bellis.
  PAR  NERVO'RUM, Syz'ygi nervo'rum.   A
pair of nerves.
  Par Nonum, Hypoglossus—p. Opticum Nervo-
rum, Optic nerve—p. Primum nervorum  cerebri,
Olfactory nerve — p.  Quartum, Pathetic nerve—
p. Quintum nervorum cerebralium, Trigemini—p.
Secundum nervorum, Optic nerve—p. Septimum
Bive faciale, Facial nerve—p. Tertium, Motores
oculorum—p.  Trigeminum, Trigemini—p. Trium
funiculorum, Trigemini — p. Vagus, Pneumogas-
tric— p. Visorius, Optic nerve.
  PARA, trapa, a common prefix, 'by, near, con-
trary to, through,' (per;) 'above and beyond,'
(ultra ;) 'besides,' (prater.)  In certain terms, as
in Paracusis,  Parapsis,  Parabysma, Ac, used
by Dr. Good, para means a defective or morbid
condition.
  Para Nut,  see Pichurim beans.
  PARABAL'ANUS,  from  irapafaXXtiv, (-rapa,
and  (iaXXtiv, 'to cast,') 'to expose one-self.'  A
name given, by the ancients, to a person who de-
voted himself to the service of  tbe  sick  in hos-
pitals ; and particularly during epidemics  and the
plague.
  PARABYS'MA, from irapa, and fivtir, 'to stuff.'
Infarction or engorgement of an organ—as Para-
byema Lie'nie, Engorgement of the spleen.
  Parabysma Mesentericum,  Tabes mesente-
rica.
  PARABYS'TIA, same etymon.  Engorgement
or infarction of an organ with blood.
  PARACELSIS'TA, Paracel'eiat, Paracclaian;
from Paracelsus.   A follower of Paracelsus.
  PARACELSISTICA MEDICINA, see Spagy-
rists.
  PARACENTE'RIUM.  Same etymon as  the
next.  Woolhouse has given this appellation to  a
small trocar, employed by Nuck for puncturing
the eye in cases of dropsy of that organ.
  PARACENTESIS,  Perfora'tio, Punc'tio,
Ptinctu'ra, Cenembate''eie,  Cente'eie, Compunc'tio,
(¥.)   ParacetitZ**,  from  irapaxtvrtui,  (irapa,  and
Ktvrtw, ' I pierce.') ' I pierce through.'  Puncture.
The  operation  of tapping to evacuate the collected
fluid in ascites, ovarial dropsy, Ac.
  Paracentesis, Puncturing—p. Thoracis, Tho-
racocentesis.
  PARACENTETERION, Trocar.
  PARACENT1CI0N, Trocar.
  PARACEPH'ALUS, (F.)  ParacSphale,  from
| napa,  'defective,' and KtipaXn, 'head.'  A genus
 of monsters,  with  the head  badly  formed,  but
 voluminous;  the face distinct, with a mouth ; ru-
 dimental sensorial organs, and thoracic member*.
   PARACHRCE'A, from para, and xPoa> 'colour.'
 Morbid change of colour of the surface, especially
 of the face.
   PARACHROMA, Achromatopsia.
   PARACHROSIS, Decoloration.
   PARACINE'SES, (G.) Parakinenien, from
 para,  and xtvnais,  'motion.'   Diseases  of  tbe
 motor nerves; morbid movements of voluntary
 muscles.
   PARACMASIS, Decline.
   PARACMAS'TIC,  Paracmae'tictie, from  *a-
 paxpa^u, (para, and axpn,  'the highest point,') 'I
 decrease.'  Decreasing.  An epithet for a distem-
 per, which gradually decreases.   Also, according
 to Galen, the period of life when a person is said
 to grow old,  which  he places at from 35 to  49,
 after which he is said to be old—a definition thai
 would not suit us at the present day.—Gorraeus,
 and Castelli.
   PARACMASTICOS, see Acmasticos.
   PARACME, Decline.
   PARACOE, see Cophosis, Paracusis.
   PARACOPE, Parapllora, Paracru'eie, from
 irapaxoirro), (para, and koi-.tui, 'I  strike,') 'I strike
 falsely.'  Delirium.  In  Hippocrates, it  means
 the slight delirium which  sometimes occurs in
 febrile diseases.
   PARACOUSIA, see Cophosia.
   PARACRISES,  (G.)  Parakrisien: from
 para, and xptais,  'secretion.'  Diseases  of  the
 secretory function.—Fucbs.
   PARACRUSIS, Paracope.
   PARACUSIS, Cophosis.  Also, perverted  au-
 dition.
   Paracu'sis Acris, Audi'tits a'crior, Paracu'eie
 oxycola,  from para, and  axovais,  ' the  act of
 hearing.'  The hearing painfully acute, and into-
 lerant of the  lowest sounds;  a symptom  in
 otalgia,  epilepsy,  cephalitis, and  febrile affec-
 tions.
   Paracusis  Duplicata, Double hearing — p
 Imaginaria,  Tinnitus  aurium — p.  Imperfecta,
 Double hearing,  P. perversa — p. Obtusa,  Barye-
 coia— p. Oxycoia, P. acris.
   Paracusis Perver'sa, P.  Williaia'na seu  im
 perfec'ta, Perverse hearing.   The ear only sensi-
 ble to articulate sounds,  when  excited by other
 and louder sounds intermixed with them.—Good.
   Paracusis Surditas, see CophoBis — p. Willi-
 siana, Paracusis  perversa.
   PARACYCLE'SES, (G.)  Parakyklesen,
 from  para, and KvxXnats, (kvkXos, 'a circle,') 'cir-
 culation.   Diseases of the blood as regards  its
 distribution and  motion.—Fuchs.
   PARACYESIS,  Pregnancy, morbid, Pregnan-
 cy, preternatural—p. Abortus, Abortion—p. Tu-
 baria, Salpingocyesis. _
   PARACYNAN'CHE, (para,  and  cynanche.)
 Inflammation of the external muscles of  the  la-
 rynx.   According to others, a slight cynanche.
   PARESTHESIA, Paresthesis — p. Olfactoria,
 Parosmia.
   PARESTHESIS,  Paresthesis — p. Auditflu
 flacca, Proptoma aurieularum.
   PARETHENAR, Parathenar.
   PARAGEUSIS,  Ageustia.  Also,  perversion
 of taste, Parageusia, Parageualia, Allotriogeite'-
 tia, Guetue deprava'tue, from para,  and  ytvais,
 ' taste.'
   PARAGEUSTIA, Parageusia.
   PARAGLOSSA, Paraglos'ee, from para, and
 yXiaeoa, 'the  tongue;' Swelling of the tongue;
 Dyepha'gia Linguo'ea, Glassomegis'tus,  Macro
 glos'sa, Prolap'sus  lingua.  Sauvages, under the
 term Paraglossa deglutito'ria, means a pretended 
P'ARAGOGE               678         •    PARAPHONIA
doubling of the tongue into the pharynx, (F.)
Renvereement de la langue.   See Glossocele.
  PARAGOGE, Abduction, Coaptation.
  PARAGOMPHO'SIS, Paragomphoeie cap'itie,
from para, and yoptpuois, ' a nailing.' Incomplete
wedging of the head of the child  in the  pelvis
during labour.
  PARAKINESIEN, Paracineses.
  PARAKRISIEN, Paracrises.
  PARAKYKLESEN, Paracycleses.
  PARALALIA, Mogilalia —p. Nasalis, Rhino-
phonia.
  PARALAMP'SIS, vapaXau^is, from  xapaXau-
rw, (rapa,  and Xapitu, 'I shine,') 'I shine  at the
side  of;' Mac'ula  cornea  margarita'cea,  Perla.
A cicatrix on the transparent part of the  eye.—
 Hippocrates.
   PARALEREMA, Delirium.
   PARALLAGE, Insanity.
   PARALLAGMA, Chevauchement.
   PARALLAXIS, Chevauchement, Insanity.
   PARALLE'LA.   A kind of scurfy, cutaneous
 eruption,  affecting  the palms of the hands, in
 parallel lines, and symptomatic of the venereal
 disease.—Forestus.
   PARALLELISM OF DISEASES, Isopathia.
   PARALOGIA, Delirium.
   PARALOPH'IA, from  para, and Xoipta, 'the
 first vertebra of the back.'   The lower and  lateral
 part of  the neck, near the vertebrae.—Keil.
   PARAL YSE, Paralytic
   PARALYSIE, Paralysis—p. Muaculaire atro-
 phique, Atrophie musculaire, progressive—p. Sa-
 turnine, Palsy, lead.
   PARAL'YSIS, Par'eeie,  Reeolu'tio  membro'-
 rum seu nervo'rum, Came paralyeie, Catalyaia,
 (F.) Paralyeie, RSeolution dee membrea;  Aneil-
 riu, Anev'ria, Anerviamie,—Piorry; Palsy; from
 irapaXvu),  (impa, and Xvoi,  'I loosen,') 'I  relax.'
 Abolition  or great diminution of the voluntary
 motions, Myojiaral'yeie, and sometimes of sensa-
 tion, in one or more parts  of the body.
   Palsy is said to be local, when it affects  only a
 few muscles.  When it extends to half  the body,
 vertically or horizontally, it is called Hemiple'-
 gia or Paraple'gia.  It is  commonly symptoma-
 tic of disease of the brain  or of the nerves them-
 selves, and is a frequent accompaniment, precur-
 sor, or successor of apoplexy,—Phrenoparalyaia.
 The  immediate  cause is, generally,  pressure,
 either by blood effused, or by serum, or  by vas-
 cular turgescence.'  At its onset, therefore, blood-
 letting  may  be advisable; but, afterwards,  the
 disease becomes one of nervous debility, and re-
 quires  stimulants  to  the  paralyzed parts, or to
 the  mucous  membranes, — frictions, sinapisms,
 blisters, the  moxa, baths, electricity, galvanism,
 purgatives, and the nux vomica, which last  has
 the property  of exciting  movements where  the
 will has no longer power.   The disease generally
 admits  only of palliation,  and is extremely apt to
 recur.
    Paralysis, Primula veris.
    Paual'ySIS  Ag"itans,  P. trim'ula, Syn'clonits
 ballia'mita, Scelotyr'be featlnana, Tremor, Tromoe,
 Shaking  Paley, Trembling Palay.  A variety of
 tremor, in which the  muscles are in a perpetual
 alternation of contraction  and relaxation.
 .  Paralysis,  Bell's, Belle  Palay, Hiatrion'ic
 Paralyeie or Palay,  Paralysis fiacia'lie, Proeo-
 paralysie,  Trismus diite'trophe Sattvage'eii,  Di-
 as'trophe   Gale'ni, Hemiple'gia  fiacia'lie,  Oria
 tortu'ra paralyt'ica Linna'i,  Hemiproaople'gia.
 The paralysis of tbe  face induced by a lesion of
 the  portio dura, has  been called Bell's Palsy,
 owing to  Sir Charles Bell  having been one of the
 first to  investigate it minutely.
    Paralysis Beriberia,  Beriberi—p. Extremi-
 tatum,  Acro-paralysis — p. Facialis,  Paralysis,
Bell's—p. Hemiplegia, Hemiplegia—p. nistrionio,
Paralysis, Bell's—p. of the  Insane,  Dementia
paralytica — p. Intestini recti, Proctoparalysis —
p.  Intestinorum, Enteroparalysis — p. Linguae,
Glossolysis — p. Medullaris, Paraplegia —p. Me-
tallica, Palsy, lead—p. Nervi hypoglossi, Glosso-
plegia—p. Nervi vagi in parte thoracica, Asthma
—p. Nervorum thoracis, Ac, Stethoparalysis—p.
from Poisons, P. Venenata—p. Rachialgia, Colic,
metallic — p. Saturnine, Palsy, lead — p. Scorbu-
tica, Pellagra—p. Spinalis, Paraplegia — p. Tre-
inula, Paralysis agitans.
  Paral'ysis  Venena'ta, Paralyeie  e vene'nie,
Paralyeie from poieone.  Paralysis, the result of
poisonous substances—as of lead, mercury, arse-
nic, ergot, Ac.
  Paralysis e Venenis, P. Venanata—p. Ven-
triculi, Gastroparalysis.
  PARALYT'IC, Paralylicue, Par'alyzed, Pal-
aied, (F.) ParalyaS, Paralytique.  Same etymon
as Paralysis.   Affected with or causing paralysis.
  Paralytic Stroke, see  Stroke, paralytic.
  PARALYZED,  Paralytic.
  PARAME'NIA, from para, and pnv, 'a month,'
Menstrua'tio anom'ala,  Mensea anom'ala, Mis-
menstruation. Difficult menstruation.  Disordered
menstruation.
  Paramenia  Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhoea — p.
Erroris, Menstruation, vicarious — p. Obstructio-
ns, see  Amenorrhoea — p. Profusa, Menorrhagia
—p. Supcrflua, Menorrhagia.
  PARAME'RIA, rrapapnpta,  from  para,  and
pnpos, 'the  thigh.'  The  internal parts of  the
thigh.
  PARAMESOS,  Annular finger, see  Digitus.
  PARAMO DE  RUIZ, MINERAL  WATERS
OF.  A remarkable acid spring in New Granada.
It contains  free sulphuric and chlorohydric acids,
and-has a temperature of 157° Fahr.
  PARANEPHRITIS, from j»ar«, and nephritis,
'inflammation  of the kidney.'  Inflammation of
the renal capsules, Inflamma''tio renuin euccentu-
riato'rttm.
  PARANCEA, Delirium, Dementia.
   PARANYMPH'US, from para, and vvptpn, 'a
young  spouse,' 'a bride.'   A name given  by the
ancients to  him who led the bride to the house of
her husband.  The term  was adopted  into  the
ancient schools  of medicine to  designate  the
usual discourse pronounced at the end of the pre-
scribed  period of study for licentiate, in which
 the qualifications and merits of the canMidate
 were described.
   PARAPATHIA, Pathomania.
   PARAPECHYON, Radius.
   PARAPHIA, Parapsis.
   PARAPH IMO'SIS,   PeripJiimo'sis,  Circum-
 ligatu'ra,  Phimo'eie circumliga'ta,  Penie lipo-
 derm'ua, from para, and iptpoia, ' I bridle.'   Stran-
 gulation of the glans penis, owing to the opening
 of  the  prepuce being too narrow.  It frequently
 happens in persons  affected with phimosis, when
 the prepuce has been pushed violently behind the
 base of the glans,  during  copulation, Ac.  In
 paraphimosis, the narrow  and resisting aperture
 of the  prepuce forms, behind the corona glandis,
 a kind of ligature, which strangulates the part,
 causes it to swell and  inflame, and  even to be-
 come gangrenous.  Attempts must  be made to
 bring back the prepuce.  These excite consider-
 able pain,  yet they must be persevered in fer
 some time; and  should  they not succeed, the
 rings, formed  by  the tumefied prepuce, must be
 cut transversely, and the antiphlogistic treatment
 be adopted.
    PARAPHOBIA, Hydrophobia.
    PARAPHO'NIA,  from para, and tpiavn,  'the
 voice.'  Affection of the voice, when its charac-
 ter or timbre is less agreeable. 
PARAPHORA              679                PAREIRA
  Paraphonia Clangf.ns, Oxyphonia—p. Gut- jj
turali.s,  Asaphia—p. Nasalis, Rhinophonia — p. j
Puberum, Hirquitalitas—p. Rauca, Raucedo—p.
Ulcerosa, Oxyphonia.
  PARAPHORA, Delirium, Paracope.
  PARAPHRENESIS,  Paraphrenitis —p.  Dia-
phraginatica, Diiiphragmitis.
  PARAPHRENIE, Insanity.
  PARAPHRENI'TIS,  from para,  and tpptvts,
'the  diaphragm;'   Paraphrene'aie>,  (F.)  Pura-
phrSnesie.   A name given to inflammation of the
diaphragm,  (see Diaphragmitis,) which  was sup-
posed always to produce delirium:—as well as to
the delirium itself accompanying that  affection.
See Phrenitis.
  PARAPHROSYNE, Delirium.
  PARAPHROTES, Delirium.
  PARAPLAS'TIC, Paraplas'ticue,  from para,
and irXaoriKos, 'formative.' Possessed of depraved
formative powers,—as Carcinoma, Encephaloma,
Melanosis, Ac.
  PARAPLE'GIA, Paraplex'ia, Rachioparal'y-
eie,  Rhaehiaparal'ysie,  Rhachiople'gia,  Myela-
paralysie,  Paralyeie apina'lie sau Medulla'ris,
Cams paralyeie paraple'gia,  (F.)  Paraplegie,
from  pura,  and nXnaaia,  'I strike.'  Palsy of the
lower half of the body, including the bladder and
rectum.  It is, generally,  owing to disease  of
some part of the cerebro-spinal axis; especially
of the spinal portion.  The ancients sometimes
used  the term for incomplete  apoplexy.  Some
authors have,  also,  made  a distinction between
paraplegia  and paraplexia, — using the former
for partial  apoplexy,— the latter for general or
complete apoplexy.
  PARAPLEURITIS, Pleurodynia.
  PARAPLEXIA,  Paraplegia.
  PARAPOPHYSES, see Vertebra.
  PARAP'OPLEXY. Parapople.x'ia, from para,
and  atrottXn^ia,  'apoplexy.'  False apoplexy;  a
soporous state, resembling apoplexy: and espe-
cially that which occurs  in the paroxysms of per-
nicious intermittents.
  PARAP'SIS, Paraph'ia, from para,  and <z7rro-
pat, 'I touch.'   Sense of touch or general feeling
vitiated or lost.—Good.
  Parapsis Acris Teneritudo,  Soreness — p.
Expers, Torpor, Anaesthesia — p. Illusoria, Pseu-
daesthesia — p. Pruritus, Itching.
  PARARMA. Fimbria.
  PARARRHYTHMICUS, Pararrhytbmus.
  PARARRIIYTH'MUS, PararrAyf/I'miV-iw.from
 parti, and pvSuos, 'rhythm.'  An  epithet for the
pulse, when it has  not the rhythm proper to the
age and constitution of the individual.
   PARARTIIRE'MA,Pararf/iro'ma. Pararthre'-
eia, Pararthro'aia, Purec'tasia, Paraatrep'aia, from
para, and apSpov, 'ajoint,'  Incomplete luxation;
subluxation.
  PARASCEPAS'TRA, from para, and  ottTtfa,
•I cover.'   A cap or bandage,  which covers the
whole head.—Galen.
  PARASCEUE, Apparatus.
  PARAS'CHIDES, from para, and  o*t$a, 'I
cleave.'  Fragments or splinters of a broken bone.
  PAR'ASITE, Paraei'tite, from irapaatrtio, (itapa,
and ciros, 'corn,' 'food.')  ' I eat by  the side of.'
Parasites are plants which attach  themselves to
other plants; and animals which live  in or on the
bodies of other animals,—so as to subsist  at their
expense.  The  mistletoe is a parasitic  plant; —
the louse a  parasitic animal.  The chief parasitic
animals  are the Pedie'ulna huma'ntte  eorp'oria,
P.  cap'itia, P. pubia, Pulex  irrltane, P. pen'-
etrttna. and  the Ac'arua Sea'biei.
  PARASITIC, Paraeit'iene,  Par'aeitoid, Pa-
raaittii'dee.  Same etymon.  Having the nature of,
or resembling a parasite,—as 'parasitic  growths,'
tubercles, cancer, monster, (F.) Paraaitaire, Ac.
  PARASITICIDE, Antiparasitic.
  PARASI'TISM, Puraaitiam'ua.  Same etymon
as Parasite.  The condition of a parasite, or of an
organized body which lives on another organized
body.
  PARASITISMUS INTESTINALIS, Helmin-
thiasis— p. Superficiei, Malis.
  PARASITOG"ENY,  Puraaitogen'ia, Paraei-
togeu'eei8. The corporeal condition, which favours
the development of parasites.
  PARASITOID, Parasitic.
  PARASPA'DIA, from  para,  and  avaui, 'I
draw.'  A preternatural opening of the urethra
at the side  of the penis.   One whose urethra
opens  in  this  manner  is called Put aspadia'us
and Paraspa'diets.
  PARASPADI^US, see Paraspadia.
  PARAS'PIIAGIS, from para, and otpayn, 'the
throat'  The part of the neck contiguous to the
clavicles.
  PARAS'TATA, Paraa'tatee,  from  iraptarnpi,
(irapa, and tarpiji.) 'I stand near.'  The  prostate.
In  Hippocrates, it means the epididymis.  The
epididyines were called by Herophilus and Galen
 Variro'sa parastata, to distinguish them from
glandulo'sa paraatata  or  prostate.  Ruf'us of
Ephesus called the Tubae Fallopianae Parastata
varico'ea.
  Parastata  Adenoides,  Prostate — p.  Glan-
dula, Prostate — p. Glandulosa, Prostate.
  PARASTATES, Parastata.
  PARASTATI'TIS, Epididymitis;  from pa-
raatata, ' epididymis,' and- itie, denoting inflam-
mation.  Inflammation  of the epididymis.
  PARASTREM'MA, Paraa'trophe, from  napao-
rptipii), (itapa, and  arptipui,  ' I turn,') ' I  distort or
pervert'  Convulsive distortion, especially of the
face, the soft parts being drawn laterally.
  PARASTREPSIS, Pararthrema.
  PARASTROPHE.  Parastremma.
  PARASYNA'NCHE, Cynanche parotidaea.
  PARASYSTOLE, Acinesia.
  PARATH'ENAR, Para'thenar. from para, and
Stvap, ' the sole of the foot.'  Winslow called grand
parathSnar, parathenar major, a portion  of the
abductor of the little toe, musculue scanditla'riiia ;
and petit parathSnar,parathenar minor, the short
flexor of that toe.
  Parathenar  Major, Abductor minimi digiti
pedis — p.  Minor, Flexor brevis  minimi  digiti
pedis.
  PARATHROMA,  Elongatio.
  PARATONTA, see Spasm.
  PARATOPIA, Luxation.
  PARATOP'IiE, from para, and tokos, 'place.'
Diseases in which organs are removed from their
proper position.   See Ectopia.
  PARATRIMMA, Chafing.
  PARATROPE, Apotrope.
  PARAT'ROPHY, Paralraphe,  Paratroph'ia,
from  para, and rpoipn, 'nourishment.  Alisnu-
trition.
  PARBREAKING, Vomiting.
  PARDALIANCHES, Aconitum.
  PARDALIANCHUM, Aconitum.
  PARECTAMA,  Parec'tasie,  from pfira, tx,
'out of,' and reivu, 'I stretch'.'   Immoderate ex-
tension, distension, or dilatation of a part—as of
the heart.
  PARECTASIS, Pararthrema, Parectama.
  PAREGOR'IC, Paregor'icua,  So'piena,  (J.)
ParSgoriqne, from napnyoptoi (irapa  and  ayoptvio),
'I soothe,  I  calm.'   That which soothes  or as-
suages—as paregoric elixir.   An anodyne.
  PARE IA, Gena.
  PAREIRA. see P. brava.
  Parei'ra Brava,  Ciasam'peloe  Pareira, Pa
reyra, Butiia, Abit'ta, Albu'tna, Botott, Caa-peb«
Overo  butua,  Wild vine,  Velvet leaf.   Family 
PARELLE
680
PAROMPHALOCELE
    /spermeae.  Sex. Syat. Dicecia Monadelphia.
    ^oot of this plant— Pareira (Ph. U. S.) —a
    re  of South America and the West Indies,
   l a sweet taste, with considerable bitterness and
   \ht roughness.   It  has been  recommended  in
nephritic  and calculous affections; but it is not
much used.   By A. de St. Hilaire, Pareira is as-
signed to  Cieeampeloe glaber'rima.
  PARELLE, Rumex hydrolapathum, R.  pa-
tientia.
  PARENCEPHALIS, Cerebellum.
  PARENCEPHALITIS, Cerebellitis.
  PARENCEPHALOCE'LE, from iraptyKttpaXts,
(irapa, and tyxtipaXos,  'the brain,') 'the cerebel-
lum,' and KnXn, 'a n pture.'   Hernia of the cere-
bellum; a very rare  disease.   It occurs under
the form  of a soft, indolent, or slightly painful
tumour, without change in the colour of the skin,
and is situate in the occipital region.  It is  con-
stituted of the cerebellum, which escapes through
au aperture in  the  occipital bone.  Great atten-
tion must be paid not  to mistake it  for an ordi-
nary tumour, as its extirpation would be attended
with fatal consequences.
  PARENCEPHALUS, Cerebellum.
  PAREN'CHYMA,  Caro parenchymal ica sen
via'cerum seu viacera'lia seu viacero'aa, Substantia
parenehymato'ea, Procheu'ma, (F.) Parenchyme.
The texture of glandular and other organs, com-
posed of agglomerated globules  united by areolar
tissue, and tearing with  more  or less facility.
Such is the  texture  of the  liver, kidneys, Ac.
Xlaptyxvpa signifies, in Greek, effusion, (irapa, tv,
and xv<>>, ' I pour,')  and it was believed, that this
tissue consisted of effused blood or other fluid.
  Parenchyma Testis, Pulpa testis.
  PAREN'CHYMAL, Parenchynlatone, Paren'-
vhymous, Parenchyma'lie, Parenchyiiialiciia, (F.)
Parenchymateux; same etymon.  Belonging  or
relating to the parenchyma of an organ.
  PARENCIIYMATI'TIS:   from parenchyma,
and itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflamma'tio
parenchymal ica.  Inflammation of the substance
of an organ.
  PARENCHYMATOUS, Parenchymal.
  PAR'ESIS, from tcapmpt, 'I relax.'   (F.)  Pa-
resie.  Paralysis.  According to  some, a slight,
incomplete paralysis,  affecting  motion, not  sen-
sation.
  PARESTHE'SIS,  Paraethe'eie, Pareethc'eia,
Senaua  imperfiec'tue,  from para, and ataBnats,
' sensation.'   Congenital misconstruction of the
external organs of sense.  A genus in the no-
sology of Good.  Also, perversion of sensibility.
  PARET'ICA EXARTHRO'SIS.  Luxation
from relaxation of the ligaments of a joint
  PARETICUS. Relaxant.
  PAREYRA, Pareira brava.
  PARFUM, Suffimentura.
  PARIERA, Pareira brava.
  PARIES, Table.
  PARI'ETAL, Parieta'He,  Pariet'inne,  from
pariee,  parietie, 'a wall.'  Appertaining to the
parietes or walls of an organ or to  the parietal
bones.           «.
  Parietal Artery,  see P. Bones.
  Parietal Bones, Oasa parieta'Ha seu vertica'-
lia sen ver'ticie seu  eincip'itie seu breg'matie seu
bregmat'ica seu nerva'lia seu tetrago'na, are two
fellow-bones, occupying the  lateral  and upper
parts of the cranium, in the  formation of which
they assist   They  have a quadrilateral shape:
their external surface  is convex, and  presents,  at
its  middle part, an  eminenoe  called the Parietal
protuberance, Tuber parieta'le, (F.) Boeae pan'S-
tale.  Their inner  01  cerebral surface, which  is
concave, has  a depression that corresponds with
the preceding eminence, and  which is called the
Parietal foeea, Foeea parieta'lie.   Above and be-
ll hind, near tbe superior edge of these bones, is a
 foramen, which  (k>es not always exist, called the
 Parietal foramen, Fora'men parieta'le,  through
j which passes a vein—parietal vein — that opens
I into the superior longitudinal sinus of the dura
 mater: and an artery—parietal artery—a branch
I of the occipital, which ramifies on the same sinus.
|| Each  parietal bone  is articulated above, with its
;\ fellow ; below,  with   the temporal bone: befc.re,
 with  the frontal; behind, with the occipital, and
j| by  the anterior  and  inferior angle with the great
ii aia of the sphenoid.  Each parietal bone is de-
' velnpcd from a single point of ossification.
I   Parietal Foramen, see P. Bones — p.  Fossa,
i see P. Bones — p. Protuberance, see  P. Bones —
ii p. Veins, see P. Bones.
!!   PARIETA'RIA,  P. officina'lie, Helx'ine, 17-
ji tra'ria,  Wall pellitory, (F.) PariStaire commune,
|i Perce-muraillc, Aumure, Herbe  aux. muraillee ou
 dea Nones.   Family, Urticeae.  Sex. Syet. Poly-
 gamia Monoecia.  This plant grows  on old walls,
 —hence its name, from paries, parietie, 'a wall,'
 — tind contains much nitrate of  potassa.  It is
 diuretic, but is not much used.
   Parieta'ria Pennsylvania, Amer'ican Pel-
 litory, a small weed, flowering from June to Au-
 gust, has been  used in  juice or  decoction as a
 diuretic, deobstruent [?] and emmenagogue.
   PARI'ETES, Plural of Pariee, 'a wall,'(F.)
 Paroie.  A name given to parts which form the
 enclosures or limits of different  cavities of the
 body, as the Parietes of the cranium, cheat, Ac.
   PARIETINUS, Parietal.
   PARIS,  P. qiiadrifo'lia. Sola'num quadrifio'-
 lium, Uva inver'ea seu luplna seu vu/pi'na, One-
 berry, Truelove, (F.)  Parieette, Raisin de Renard,
 Herbe d Paris, Etrangle-loup.   It possesses nar-
 cotic properties, and was  formerly  considered a
 powerful love philter.  It is emetic,  and is some-
 times used externally as a resolvent and anodyne.
   PARISAG.OGE INTESTINORUM, Intus,*s-
 ceptio.
   PARISETTE, Paris.
   PARISTH'MIA, para, and taBpos, 'the throat'
 A word employed to designate the  tonsils, and,
 likewise, inflammation of the tonsils.  Cynanche
 tonai/laris, and Cvnanche in general.
   PARISTHMIOT'OMUS, from  wapi*$uta, 'the
 tonsils,' and rtpvoi, ' I cut'  An instrument with
 which the tonsils were formerly scarified.
   PARISTHMITIS, Cynanche, C. tonsillaris.
   PARISTHMIUM, Tonsil.
   PARISWORT, Trillium latifolium.
   PARMACITY,  Cetaceum —p.  Poor Man's,
 Thlaspi bursa.
   PARME'LIA  PARIET'INA, Lichen pariet'-
 inne,  Yellow wall Lichen,  Common  Yellow Wall
 Moee, which grows abundantly on trees and walls.
 Order, Lichenaceae,  is used in intermittent fever
 on account of its bitterness.
   PARMELIA  TSLANDICA, Lichen Islandicus
 — p.  Plicata, Lichen plicatus—p.  Pulmonacea,
 Lichen pulmonarius — p.  Roocella, Lichen roc-
 cella— p. Saxatilis,  Lichen saxatilis.
   PARMENTIE'RA CERLF'ERA, Palo dt
 velae,  Candle Tree.  A forest tree in the valley
 of the Chagres,—Nat. Ord. Creseentiaceae,— the
 long  cylindrical fruit of which, resembling can-
 dles,  serves for food  for cattle.
   PAROARION,  Parovarium.
   PAROCHETEUSIS, Derivation.
   PARODON'TIDES, from para, and oiovs,
 tooth.'  Tumours on the gums:  parulis. Ac
   PARODYNIA,  Dystocia—p. Perversa, Pre-
 sentation, preternatural.
   P ARO IS. Parietes.
   PAROLE. Voice, articulated.
   PAROMPHALOCE'LE,  from para, op<paXoS, 
PARONIRIA
681
PAROTIS
•the navel,' and  KnXn, 'rupture.'   Hernia near
the navel.
  PARONI'RIA,  from  para,  and  ovtipov,  'a
dream.'  Depraved, disturbed, or morbid dream-
ing;  Oneirodyn'ia  acti'ra, Erethia'inna  oneiro-
dyiliti.   The voluntary  organs connected with
the passing train of  ideas, overpowered by  tbe
force of the  imagination during dreaming, and
involuntarily  excited to  their natural or accus-
tomed  actions, while the other organs remain
asleep.— Good.
  Paroniria Ambulans, Somnambulism—p. Sa-
lax, Pollution.
  PARONY'CHIA, Paronychia, Paronychi'tia,
Pan'aria, Redu'via, Rediv'ia, Vermis seu Pteryg'-
ium dig"iti, Panaril'itim, Digil'ium, Pandalit"-
ium, Passa,  Dactylitis, Pana'rium, Ottych'ia,
(F.)  Onglade, from para, and ovu£, owxos,' 'the
nail.'   The ancients gave this name tc an inflam-
matory tumour,— Onychitis, Onyxitis  (Gross),
i—seated near the nail, and involving the pulp or
matrix.  Some of the moderns have extended it
to  inflammation  of the  hand, and  even of the
forearm.   It  usually means  every phlegmonous
tumour of the fingers or toes, and especially of
the first phalanx.  Four kinds of paronychia are
commonly pointed out:  1. That seated  between
the epidermis and skin, called  in  France Tour-
niole.  2.  That seated in the  subcutaneous areo-
lar  tissue.  3. That  occupying  the sheath  of a
tendon; and 4. That considered to be seated be-
tween the periosteum and bone.  The last three
 are only different  degrees of the  same disease,
 constituting   Whitlow,  (Prov.)  Teak, (F.)  Mal
d'aventnre : — the worst kinds,  in  English, are
 called Felon. The inflammation generally com-
mences in the subcutaneous areolar tissue, and
 spreads to other parts, occasioning excessive,
lancinating pain, owing to the  parts being put
upon the stretch; hence, the necessity of dividing
them freely, — even down to the bone, when there
 is reason to believe that the  affection belongs to
 the fourth division, — making  use of  emollient
 applications,  the  antiphlogistic  treatment,  and
 opiates to relieve pain.
   Paronychia, Asplenium ruta  muraria—p. Di-
 gitium, Digitium.
   PARONYCHIS, Paronychia.
   PARONYCHIAS, Paronychia.
   PAROPHOBIA, Hydrophobia.
   PAROPIA, Canthus (lesser.)
   PAROPLEXIA, Paraplegia.
   PAROPSIS, Dysoesthesia visualis — p. Amau-
 rosis,  Amaurosis —  p.  Cataracta,  Cataract — p.
 Glaucosis, Glaucoma — p. Illusoria, Pseudoblep-
 sia—p. Lateralis, Dysopia lateralis — p. Longin-
 qua. Presbytia — p. Lucifuga,  Nyctalopia — p.
 Noctifuga, Hemeralopia—p. Propinqua, Myopia
 — p. Staphyloma,  Staphyloma — p.  Staphyloma
 purulentum, Hypopyon—p. Staphyloma-simplex,
 Hydrophthalmia—p. Strabismus,  Strabismus —
 p.  Synezisia,  Synezisis.
   PAROPTE'SIS, from -apn,  dim., and oirraie,
 ' I roast'  Forcing a sweat  by placing a patient
 before the fire or putting him in a dry bath.
   PARORA'SIS, from  para, and opaut, 'I  see.'
 Perversion of sight which prevents the person
 from judging accurately of the colour of objects.
 Achromatop' sia.   Hallucination.—Galen
   PARORCHID'IUM,  from para, 'something
 wrong,' and opxn, opxtios,' testicle.' Any position
 of one or both testicles, different from that which
 they ought to occupy in the scrotum ; — whether
 they may not have descended through  the abdo-
 minal ring, or are drawn up to the groins by the
 eremaster muscle.
  PAROR'CHID0-ENTEROCE'LE, Hernia
paror'chido-enter'ica.   Internal hernia compli-
cated with displacement of the testicle. — Sau-
vages.
  PAROSMIA, Anosmia.  Also, perversion of
smell; Paraethe'eia olfacto'ria, Olfac'tua depra-
va'tua, Idioayncra'aia  olfacto'ria, from para, and
007*17,  ' odour.'
  PAROS'TIA,  from irapa,  'defectively,'  and
oartov, ' a bone.'  Bones untempered in their  sub-
stance,  and incapable of  affording proper  sup-
port.— Good.
  Parostia Flexilis, Mollities ossium—p.  Fra-
gilis,  Fragilitas ossium.
  PAROTIA, Cynanche parotidaea.
  VArlOT'ID,Gland'ulaparotide'a seu ad Anres,
Paro'tie, Animel'la, Alimel'la, Laetiein'itt;  from
para, and  ovs, taros, 'the ear.' The largest of
the  salivary glands,  seated under the  ear, and
near  the angle of the lower jaw.  It is composed
of many separate lobes, giving rise to  excretory
ducts, which unite to form one canal, called the
Parotid duct, Steno'e canal,—the Ductua euperior
or Superior aalivary canal, of some.  This  duct,
after having advanced horizontally into the  sub-
stance of the cheek, proceeds through an opening
in the buccinator muscle, and  terminates in the
mouth opposite the second upper molaris.  About
the middle of its course, it sometimes receives
the excretory duct of a glandular body, situate
in its vicinity, and called the Ac'cc8aory Gland
of the Parotid, So'cia Parol idis, Gland'ula so'eia
parot'idis.  In the substance of the parotid are
found—a number of branches  of the facial nerve,
of  the transverse arteries of  the face, and the
posterior auricular.   It receives, also, some  fila-
ments  from the inferior maxillary nerve, and
from the  ascending branches   of  the superficial
cervical plexus. Its lymphatic vessels are some-
what numerous, and  pass into ganglions situate
at its surface or behind  the  angle  of  the  jaw.
The parotid secretes saliva, and pours it copiously
into the mouth.
  Parotid, Accessory Gland of the, see Pa-
rotid.
  Parotid Aponeuro'sis.  A sheath  of  great
thickness,  continuous, below,  with the cervical
fascia.  It forms a frame-work to  the parotid by
means of fibrous prolongations from its  deep sur-
face.  Its density accounts for the pain of paro-
titis,  and for the difficulty with which pus makes
its way to  the surface.
  Parotid Arteries, see Parotid — p.  D*.ct, see
Parotid — p. Veins, see Parotid.
  PAROTIDE, Barotis.
  PAROTIDE'AN, Parotida'ue, (F.) Parotidien.
Belonging or  relating to the parotid.
   PAROTIDITIS, Cynanche  parotidaea, Parotis.
   PAROTIDON'CUS, Tumor paro'tidia,T. Glan'-
 dula parotide'a, from parotia, and oyeos, 'a tu-
 mour.'  Swelling of the parotid.
  ^ PARO'TIS, Phleg'mone paro%ide'a, Inflamma'-
 tio paro'tidum, Cynan'che parotid at a, Paroti'tie
 Parotiditis, Dioecu'ri, (F.) Parotide, is  the name
 of a tumour seated under the  ear; which is red-
 dish, hard, and attended  with obtuse  pain  ; the
 progress to suppuration being slow and difficult.
 Sometimes it  is of a malignant character, slough-
 ing,  and long protracted.  Some French patholo-
 gists restrict  the terra parotide to  symptomatic
 parotitis — as  to  that which  occurs in plague;
 whilst they apply the terms Oreillona or Ourlea,
 Parotonciea, to Cynanche parotidaea or  Mumps.
   Parotis Contagiosa, Cynanche  parotidsca__
 p.  Epidemica, Cynanche parotidaea — p. Seroao 
PAROTITIS              682            PARTURITION
plutine turner,?. Cynanche parotidaea—p. Spuria,
Cynanche parotidaea.
  PAROTITIS, Cynanche parotidaea, Parotis —
p. Epidemica, Cynanche parocidiea — p.  Erysipe-
lato.-,i,  Cynanche  parotidaea — p-  Polymorpha,
Cytiaiuhe  parotidaea — p. Specitica, Cynauche
j arotidasa.
  PA ROTO NOTES, see Parotis.
  PAROVARIUM, properly  Paroilrion ;  Cor-
ptis'eiilum coil icum Roaeiim'iilleri, from para, and
uapiov, ' the ovary.'   A body closely analogous in
structure to the epididymis, which is seated be-
tween  the Fallopian tube  and the ovary in the
broiid  ligament The  Corpus Wolffianum  con-
curs in its formation. — Kobelt.
  PAROXYN'TIC, Paroxyn'ticus, (F.) Paroxyn-
tiqne, from  7rapo£t)><<j, ' I excite.'  Relating  to  a
paroxysm.
  Jonre paraxyntiqnca are days on which parox-
ysms ttike place.
  PAR'OXYSM, Puroxya'miia,  from  irapol-vvui,
(irapa,  and  olwuv,  'to  render sharp.')  'I irri-
tate:'  Im'pet us, Liiultns, Invtlsio, Exacerba'tio,
 Acees'sio, Acres'ens,  (Old Eng.)  Axes,  (F.) Ex-
acerbation,  lledoublement, Accls.  The augmenta-
tion which supervenes at equal or unequal inter-
vals in the symptoms of acute diseases.   Also, a
periodical exacerbation  or fit of  a disease.
  PAROXYS'MAL,  Paroxysma'lie; same ety-
mon.  (F.)  Paroxystique.  Of or  belonging to a
paroxysm;—as a  paroxysmal  day, (F.)  Jour
paroxystique;  a day On which a paroxysm  of
disease occurs.
  PAROXYSMUS FEBRILIS, Pyrexia.
  PAROXYSTIQUE, Paroxysmal.
  PARS, Genital organs — p. Corporis, Genital
 organs— y>. Inferior Pedis, Sole — p. Intermedia,
 stv  Corpus spongiosum  urethras—p. Mastoidea
 of  Temporal  Bone, Mastoid  process — p. Natu-
 ral is medicinse, Physiology—p. Obscoena, Genital
 organs—p.  Petrosa, see Temporal Bone—p. Prima
 aspi*rie arteria-, Larynx — p. Pyramidalis  ossis
 temporis. see Temporal Bone — p. Squamosa, see
 Temporal Bone — p. Urethrae membranacea, see
 Urethra — p.  Vaga,  Pneumogastric — p. Virilis,
 Penis.
   PARSLEY, COMMON, Apium  petroselinum—
 p.  Fool's, JEthusa  cynapium—p.  Macedonian,
 Bubun  Ma<'edonicum—p. Mountain, black, Atha-
 manta  aureoselinum — p.  Poison. Conium macu-
 latum— p.  Spotted, Conium maculatum — p. Wa-
 ter, Cicuta  maculata.
   PARSNEP,  COW,  Heracleum  spondylium,
 Heracleum lanatum—p. Crow, Leontodon tarax-
 acum—p. Garden, Pastinaca sativa—p. Meadow,
 Tha<pium Barbinode — p. Water, common, Sium
 latifolium.
   PART, see Parturition—p. LSgitime et ille-
 oitime. see  Parturition.
   PARTES  GENERATION1!  INSERVIEN-
 TES, Genital  organs — p. Genitales, Genital or-
 gans— p. Laterales nasi. Scapulae nasi — p. Ner-
 vosoo, see Nerve — p. Obscoenae, Genital organs.
   PARTHENEIA, Virginity.
   PARTHENIUM FEBRIFUGUM, Matricaria
  — p. Mas,  Tanaeetum.
   PARTHEN'IUS  (Morbus):  from wuodtvos,  'a
  virgin.'  A disease  in  a young female.  Also,
  chlorosis.
   PARTHENOGEN'ESTS, 'virgin birth;' from
  rapOtvos.  'a  virgin,' and  ytvtots,  ' treneration.'
  The successive production of  procreating indi-
 viduals from a single ovum, without any renewal
 of fertilization. — Owen.
   PARTIIENOL'OGY,   Parthenolog"ia,  from
irapdtvtia, ' virginity,'  and Xoyos, ' a description.
A description or consideration of the state of vir-
ginity in health or disease.
  PARTHENUS, Virgin.
  PARTIALIS, Local.
  PARTICLES,  PRIMITIVE, OF MUSCLES,
Sarcous Elements.
  PARTICULiE SANGUINIS, Globules of tbe
blood.
  PARTIES, LES,  Genital  organs—/). GSni-
tulee, Genital organs—p. Honteuses, Genital or-
gans— p. GSnitoiree,  Genital organs—p. Natu-
rellea, Genital organs—p. Noblea, Genital organs
— p. Sexiiellea, Genital organs.
  PARTIO, Parturition.
  PARTRIDGE-BERRY, Gaultheria, Mitchella
repens.
  PARTS, THE, Genital organs.
  PARTURA, Parturition.
  PARTU'RIENT. Partu'riene, from parturire,
parturitum,  itself from parere,  'to  bring forth.'
Bringing forth, or about to bring forth, or having
recently brought forth young.
  The Parturient, Puer'peroue,  Childbed or Ly-
ing-in or Lying-down state, Confinement, Puerpe'-
riitni, generally comprises the period from partu-
rition  to  perfect recovery,  which is usually a
month.  In the north of England this is called
the  ateg-month, requires careful management, and
is subject to various diseases.
   A Partu'rient or Parturifia'cient is a medicine
which induces or promotes labour; as ergot, and,
perhaps borate of soda.   See Abortive.
   PARTURIFACIENT, Parturient.
   PARTURIGO, Parturition.
  PARTURIT"ION,  Puerpe'rium, Partite, Por-
tio,  Partttril'io,  Parturi'go,  Partu'ra,  Tocos,
 To'cetoe,  Tex is.  Lochia,  Apocye'eie,  Maeu'eie,
Maieu'eia, Nego'tiinn seu Actne parturitio'nie,
Enix'ue seu  Enix'fo  seu Expnl'eiofoetus, Apol-
yais, Statue parturien'di, Deliv'ery, Labour, Child-
bearing, Child-birth,  Birth,  Trav'ail, (Sc.) Child-
ill, Crying, Crying out, (F.) Accouchement, Couche,
 Travail a"Enfant, Enfaiitement.  Same etymon as
Parturient.  The act  of delivery of the foetus and
its appendages, also the state during and imme-
diately after  delivery—Childbed, (Sc.) Gizzen-
bed, Gizzen, see  Parturient.   Labour is  the ne-
cessary consequence  of conception, pregnancy,
and the  completion  of gestation.  It does not
take place, at the full time, until after nine months
of utero-gestation,—the causes producing it being
the contraction  of the  uterus and  abdominal
 muscles.  By  different authors,  the stages  of
labour have  been variously  divided.  We  may,
perhaps, admit of four.  Thefiret etage comprises
 the precursory  signs.   One,  two,  or three  days
 before labour, a mucous discharge, streaked with
 blood,  takes  place from  the  vagina, which is
 called the Signum, Leueorrhae'a Nabo'thi, Hamor-
 rhag" ia  Nabothi, Labour-ehow, or  Show; and,
 along with this, trifling grinding pains, called  by
 the French Mouchee, are felt in tho loins and ab-
 domen.  Second etage:—Peculiar pains, which
 extend  from the  lumbar   region  towards the
 uterus; tension  and  dilatation of the neck and
 orifice of that organ  ; protrusion into tbe vagina
 of the envelopes of the foetus, forming the bag of
 waters, (F.) Poche dee eaux; and rupture  or
 breaking of the  waters.  Third etage .-—Contrac-
 tions  of the uterus  and  abdominal   muscles;
 forcing pains; the head of the foetus becomes en-
 gaged in the pelvis :  the occiput being commonly
 situate above the left acetabulum, passes beneath
 the arch  of the pubis.  Fourth etage:—the head
 now presents at the vulva, the perineum being 
PARTURITION
683
PARTURITION
considerably distended; at length  it clears  the
external parts, and the rest of the body is easily
disengaged.  The child still continues attached to
the mother by the umbilical  cord, which has to
be divided.  In the  course of fifteen or twenty
minutes, trifling pains occur, and the secundines
are expelled.  This completes delivery—the birth,
(F.) Nalsaance of  the child.   In by  far  the
majority of cases,  the head is  the presenting part,
the occiput directed anteriorly, and the face pos-
teriorly.   Of 12,633  children, born at the Hos-
pital  La MaternitS,  in  Paris, from the  10th of
December, 1797,  to  the 31st of July, 1806, the
following were the presentations:
  The head, with the face posteriorly... 12,120
  The head anteriorly.......................     63
  The breech...................................    193
  The feet......................................    147
  The knees....................................      3
  Other positions..............................    102

                                      12,633

  The following table, drawn up from  data fur-
nished by  Velpeau, gives an approximate view
of the comparative number of presentations, ac-
cording to  the experience of the individuals men-
tioned :
TABLE, EXHIBITING THE  RATIO OF PRESENTATIONS IN 1000 CASES.
Regular or of the vertex...,
I. Occipilo-antcrior............
a. Occipito-cotyloid (left)...,
        Do.      (right)
6. Occipito pubinn...........
II. Occipito-posterior.........,
a. Fronto-cotyloid (left)....,
6.       Do.     (right).
Face presentation.............
Mento-iliac (right).............
Of the pelvis...................
Of the foot .....................
Of the knees...................
Of the breech...................
Of the trunk..................
Requiring Forceps............
    "     Turning...........
    "     Cephalotomy....
ACCORDING TO
924
908
36
12-7
16
 3-3
944
28
 9-4

13

 4-7
 4-7
 5-2
944
760
179
  0-29
  9-4
  5-3
  4-4
29

 019
18
 4-6
 4-6

 4-77
Madame
Lacha-
 pelle.
933
910
717
209

  9
  7-3
  2-9
  4-6
  2-6
 36
 14
  0.40
 22
  5-3
  3-4
  7-8
  0-53
Nagele.
47
 4-8
36
 7-2
 2-4
911
895
537
Hospital
 of the
Faculty.
29
103

19

 6-7
 6-9
 1-5
  Labour has received different names, according
to the period of pregnancy at which it occurs, and
the mode in which it takes plaee.  It is called
miacar'riage  or abor'tion, prior  to the  seventh
month; prem'ature labour, Omotoc'ia, Partus pra-
cox  seu  pramatu'rue,  between  this  and  eight
months and a half; and labour at the fiull period,
(F.) Accouchement d terme, when  it happens  at
the end of nine months.  Labours have likewise
been variously divided by different authors.  Per-
haps the  one into Nat'ural, Preternat'ural, and
Labo'riom, is as common as any; — natural La-
bour meaning  that which would  occur  without
manual assistance; preternatural, requiring the
assistance of art, but by the hand  solely : and
laborious  or instrumental, requiring instrumental
assistance; which  M. Capuron calls Accouchement
MSchanique.   Powerless  labour,  the Inertie par
Spuisement of  Madame  Lacbapelle, is that in
which the muscular powers from exhaustion are
unable to accomplish such delivery.
  Forced labour or parturition, (F.) Accouche-
ment ou AvortementprovoquS, is labour or abortion,
induced  by art.  When  labour is accompanied
with other phenomena of a deranging character,
it is said to be complicated.  When the child, even
when reduced in size, cannot pass, it is termed
impracticable,  &c.   See  Dystocia.
  The  French  use  the  term Part, Partus, at
times,  synonymously with delivery; at others,
with ficetus, 31aieu'ma,  3taeu'ma.   Suppression
de part  means concealment  of delivery;  Part
ISgitime, a foetus which comes into tbe world with
the condition  necessary  for its enjoying advan-
tages granted by law; and Part illegitime, one
that does not fall under those conditions.
TABLE OF THE  COURSE AND MANAGEMENT OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF
                                    LABOURS.
I.  Natural  Labours.
Head Presenting.
{Four Positions.)
Or those in which Delivery can be effected without Assistance.
                           The head with the chin bent upon the breast clears the
                             brim of the pelvis.  Motion of rotation produced by the
                             inclined planes of the pelvis; the occipital protuberance
                             is cafcied behind the symphysis pubis, and the face
                             towards the hollow of the sacrum.
                           The head attains the outlet: clears it; the occiput being
                             first disengaged, and the face afterwards, which passes
                             successively  along the whole of the hollow of the
                             Bacrum.  The shoulders  enter the brim diagonally;
                             and  execute  the movement of rotation.  The  one be-
                             hind first clears  the  outlet. The same thing occurs
                             with the nates.
                           The same course is here followed: except that after the
                             rotary  movement, the face passes behind the symphysis
                             pubis, and the occiput into the hollow of the sacrum.
                             The occiput is first extruded ;—the face next.
                           When  the  chin presents and  is turned  forwards, the
                             face is  first expelled; the head is thrown backwards.
                             This presentation is uncommon.  If the chin  present
                             and be thrown backwards, natural delivery cannot be
                             effected.
1. Occiput towards the Left
  Acetabulum.
Occiput towards the Right
Acetabulum.
Occiput towards the Right
Sacro-iliac Symphysis.
4. Occiput toioards the Left
  Sacroiliac Symphysis. 
PARTURITION
684
PARTURITION
Natural  Labours.—Continued.
Lower  Extremi-
  ty  Presenting.
(Four Positions of
  the  Feet, Knees,
  and Breech.)
1. Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to-
  wards the left Acetabulum.
2. Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to-
  wards  the Right Acetabu-
  lum.

3. Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to-
  wards the Right Sacro-
  iliac Symphysis.
4. Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to-
  wards the Left Sacro-iliac
   Symphysis.
' The nates enter the brim diagonally; movement of rota-
   tion: the one passes behind the symphysis pubis; the
   other towards the  hollow of the sacrum. The one be-
   hind is first extruded.
' The same thing happens to the shoulders.  The chin  18
   bent upon the chest to clear the brim:  movement of
   rotation:  the occiput passes behind  the  symphysis
   pubis, and the face towards the hollow of the sacrum.
   The face clears the outlet first; the occiput last

 The  same progress, except that after the  movement of
   rotation, the face is towards the pubis, and the occiput
   towards the sacrum.   The face is here again delivered
   first
        II.  Preternatural Labours,


Or those which require Manual Assistance only.
I. Presentation  op  the .
  Head, Upper  Extremi-
  ties,  Back,  Abdomen,
 1. When the labour is without any serious complication, and the head is not
  in a good  position at the brim of the pelvis, endeavours are to be made to
  place it in its natural position: the hand to be introduced with the fingers
  united, and the long diameter of the head to be placed diagonally in the
  brim, if possible.  Or the lever may be fixed over the occiput, and, by draw-
  ing it down, a closer approximation of the  chin and chest may be effected;
  the position of the head to the pelvis being at the same time attended to.
 2. If complicated with syncope, convulsions, hemorrhage, want  of  uterine
  action, &c, the feet must be laid hold of, and tbe child turned.  For this
  purpose, empty the  rectum and bladder; and  turn, if possible, prior to the
  escape of the liquor amnii.   The female may be placed  on her back or left
  Bide, with the breech over the edge of the bed.  Use the right  or left hand,
  according as the feet of the  child are to tbe right or left side of tbe pelvis;
  always so introducing the hand, that the child shall be in its palm, and the
  back of the hand  opposed to the inner surface of the uterus.  Tbe band and
  arm to be introduced during an interval of pain; and tbey must be flattened
  and tranquil whilst the uterus is contracting forcibly.   If both feet cannot
  be readily brought down, seize one, and tie a fillet around it.
 3. If the toes point to the vertebral column, or to the abdomen of the mother,
   tbe head, in its descent, will not enter the pelvis: the chin and occiput will
   be hitched on the pubis and promontory of the sacrum.   In such case, grasp
   the nates as soon as tbey have passed the os externum; and, during a pain,
   endeavour to direct the toes towards either sacro-iliac synchondrosis.  When
   the fingers can be passed along the body of the child, and over the shoulders
   to the bend of the elbows, draw down the arms successively.  When the body
   is expelled, and the  head filling up the brim, the termination of labour must
   be accelerated by passing two fingers over the shoulder of the child;  using
   moderate and steady extracting power, whilst one finger of the other band,
   passed into the mouth, depresses the chin on the sternum.  In this way, the
k  head may be extracted.
General Observations.
1. Short Forceps.
2. Long Ibrceps............



3. Lever or Vectie..........


4. Fillet and Blunt Hook
               III. Instrumental Labours,


Or thoee requiring the Aeeietance of appropriate Inetrumente.


         If the pains become feeble, or inadequate from any cause;—or if the presenting
           part be firmly wedged in the pelvis;  or the woman be becoming exhausted,
           instrumental assistance may be required.  In all such cases, place the female
           on tbe back or left side, empty the bladder and rectum;  wait till the os uteri
           is in a fit state; afford assistance during the pains; introduce the instrument
           during the intervals between the pains: have the patient  on her left side
           (generally); and extract according to the axes of brim and outlet as the case
         ,  may be.          .
          Apply these to the sides of the head of the child, so that the ears and parietal
           protuberances may be within the fenestras.   Introduce  the left-hand  blade
           first; tbe index and middle fingers of the right  hand guiding it to tbe ear.
           With the right hand pass the other in  an opposite line, corresponding with
           the course of the first blade, guided by the fore and middle fingers of the left
           hand; the thirrTand little fingers being employed to retain the left-hand blade
           in place; humour the instrument so as to allow the blades to lock.  The
           handles may now be tied gently together.  The force used must be from blade
         ,,  to blade, with a gentle, tractile effort.
          Applicable where the head does not enter the brim. The long forceps must be
           applied, in most cases, over the occiput and face of the child, so that the
           convex edges of the blades may be towards  the hollow of the sacrum
           When used, the power may be exerted from side  to  side, with  moderate
           traction.
          The lever is applicable to the same cases as the forceps.  It must not be used
           strictly afl a lever, but as a hook with which to draw downwards.  It may be
        .  applied to any part of the head, but is generally hitched on the occiput
         In certain cases of breech and knee presentation, where tbe hand is insufficient
           it may be necessary to pass over the joint a fillet, or the blunt hook, with
           which to exert some force of traction.  The operation is  very simple 
PARTURITION, DRY          685                PASSIVE
Embryttlcia.
Stmphysotomy  and
  sarean #ecti0n.
Ctf-f
Separation  of the  Head
  of  the Fcetus from the
  Body.
Induction
  Labour.
of  Premature
 Instrumental Labours.—Continued.

 Disproportionate size of head, or distorted or deformed pelvis, may require the
  child to be destroyed, and its bulk lessened; or the Caesarean section or sym-
  physotomy, or the induction of premature labour may be called for.
 The instruments required here, are the Perforator, Crotchet, and Craniotomy
  Forceps.  Make a steady pressure on the abdomen; pass two fingers of the
  left hand up to the head: feel for a suture or fontanelle; introduce the per-
  forator and bore through, until the progress of the instrument is arrested by
  its shoulders.  Open the handles, and turn the instrument in different direc-
  tions, so that the opening may be large enough to admit the perforator, with
  which the brain must be broken down.
 If,  after this, delivery cannot be accomplished without further aid, pass up the
  craniotomy forceps; open  the handles  slightly,  and introduce the blade
  without teeth within the cranium.  On closing the forceps, a hold is obtained;
  and a tractile force can now be exerted during the pains, and the extrusion
  of the child be effected.
 Should great difficulty exist at the brim, the bones at tbe top of the head may
  have  to be removed, until the base alone remains.  The chin must then be
  brought through first.
 The crotchet is often used instead of the craniotomy forceps, being passed into
  the opening made by the perforator, and hooked upon some bony projection
  in the interior of the skull; but it is not a good instrument.  In presentations
  of the face demanding perforation of the cranium, the perforator should be
  introduced just above the nose, in tbe sagittal suture.
 When it is necessary to open the bead after the  lower extremities have been
  expelled, the perforation must be made behind the ear.
 In cases of great narrowness of the pelvis, the operation of Symphysotomy has
   been  adopted by French practitioners,—rarely by British or American; and,
   in extreme cases, recourse has been had to the Grsarean Section.
 If  the body of the foetus has been forcibly separated, aud the head left in the
   uterus, it must be laid hold of with one band, and the forceps be applied; or
  the head be opened  and  delivered, as under embryulcia. Should the head
  have  been brought away, and the body left behind, the feet must be brought
   down.
" In cases of narrowness of the pelvis, where the foetus, at the full term, cannot
  be born alive, delivery may be brought about at an earlier period, or as soon
  as the child is  capable  of carrying on its functions independently of the
  mother.
 The most advisable plan for accomplishing thia object is merely to pass the
  finger round and round within the os and cervix uteri, so as  to detach the
  decidua;—the membranes being thus left entire, and the life of the child not
   bo much endangered, as where the membranes are punctured, and the waters
  evacuated.  Parturition usually follows within forty-eight hours.
  The laying of eggs  by animals is termed, in
French, ponte.  The term has been applied to the
periodical discharge—ponte pSriodique — of ova,
(F.) Chute dee  QEufe, which is supposed to  take.
place from the ovaries at each menstrual period.
  PARTURITION, DRY,  Partus siccus.
  PARTURIUM VANUM, Fausse couche.
  PARTUS, Parturition — p. Abactio,  Abortion
— p. Abactus, Abortion — p. Csesareus,  Cesarean
section — p.  Difficilis, Dystocia — p.  Laboriosus,
Dystocia, Laborious labour — p. Praecox, Partu-
rition (premature)—p.  Praematurus, Parturition
(premature)—p. Serotinus,  Opsiotocia.
  Partus Siccus,  Dry labour  or  parturition.
Labour, which is neither preceded nor  attended
by  a discharge of the liquor amnii.
  PARU'LIS,  from para, and ovXov,  'the gum.'
Aposte'ma parulis  seu paroulie, Phleg'mone Pa-
rulie,  Gum  Boil, Alve'olar absceee.  Small ab-
scesses are so called which  generally form in the
alveoli and  involve the gums, sometimes with-
out any known  cause,  but which often depend
upon carious teeth.
  PARU'RIA,  from  para, and ovptoi, 'I  pass
urine.'  Morbid secretion or discharge of urine.
  Paruria Incontinens, Enuresis — p. Inconti-
uens  aquosa, see Diabetes—p.  Inops,  Ischuria,
false — p. Mellita, Diabetes — p. Retentionis, Is-
churia—p. Retentionis renalis, Ischuria—p. Re-
tentionis  vesicalis, Retention of urine — p.  -Stil-
latitia, Strangury — p. Stillatitia mucosa, Cystir-
rhoea.
  PARVITAS  MORBOSA  PARTIUM  OR-
GANICARUM, Microtesia.
  PAR'YGRON, from para, and 'vypos, 'humid.'
A liquid or moist preparation for allaying topical
inflammation.
  PAS D'ANE, Tussilago.
  PASMA, Catapasma.
  PASQUE  FLOWER, Anemone Pulsatilla.
  PASSA, Paronychia.
  PASS.E CORLNTHIACiE, see Vitis  Corin-
thiaca.
  PASSAGES,  DIGESTIVE,  Ways, digestive
—p. Second, Ways, second.
  PASSAMBIO, Rio vinaigro.
  PASSE-PIERRE, Crithmum maritimum.
  PASSERAGE, Iberis amara—-p. Sauvage, Car-
damine pratensis.
  PASSIBILITY, GREAT, Hyperaesthesis.
  PASSIFLO'RA LAURIFO'LIA,  Bay-leaved
Passion Flower.   Ord. Passifloreae.   A  native
of Surinam.   The fruit has a delicious smell and
flavour, and  quenches thirst, abates heat of the
stomach, increases the appetite, &c.
  Passiflora Malifor'mis, Apple-shaped  Gra-
nadil'la.  The fruit of this species is esteemed a
delicacy in the  West Indies, where  it is  served
up at table in desserts.
  Some of the genus are said to possess narcotio
and emetic properties.
  .PASSIO,  Disease,  Passion—p.  iEmoptoica,
Haemoptysis—p. Cadiva,  Epilepsy—p. Cardiaca,
Cardialgia — p. Cceliaca, Cceliac flux — p.  Chole-
rica, Cholera—p. Felliflua,  Cholera—p. Ilaemop-
toica,  Haemoptysis — p. Hypochondriaca,  Hypo-
chondriasis— p.  Hysterica, Hysteria— p.  Iliaca,
Ileus—p. Ischiadica, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaa
— p. Pleuritica,  Pleuritis — p. Stomachica, Dys-
pepsia— p. Ventriculosa,  Coeliac flux — p. Voini-
coflua, Phthisis pulmonalis.
  PASSION, Pas'sio, An'imi Pathe'ma, Affec'tus,
Emo'tio,from potior, passus, 'to suffer.' An active
affection or emotion  of the  mind; as rage, ter-
ror,  love, hatred, <fec.
  Passion Flower, Bay-leaved, Passiflora lau.
rifolia—p. HystSriqne, Hysteria—p. Iliac, Ileus.
  PASSIONES ANIMI,  Affections of the mind.
  PASSIVE, Paeei'vue.   Same etymon as Pas-
sion.  An epithet for diseases which seem owing 
PASSULJE  MAJORES         686             .   PATELLA
to a greater or less diminution of the strength, I
or which are without apparent reaction.  Thus, |
passive  hemorrhages are such as supervene in
debilitated individuals, or under  conditions in
which increased action of the arteries can scarcely
be presumed.   The term passive has, also; been
given to aneurisms of the heart with extenuation
of the parietes ; in opposition  to active aneurisms,
with thickness of the  parietes — hypertrophy.
  PASSUL^E MAJORES. see Vitis  vinifera —
p. Minores, see Vitis Corinthiaca.
  PASSULA'TUM,  (Uva passa, 'raisins,  dried
grapes.')  A medicine in which the pulp of raisins
is a chief  ingredient.
  PASSY, MINERAL WATERS OF. This vil-
lage is in  the vicinity of Paris  There are seve-
ral springs,  containing  sulphates of  lime, iron,
and  magnesia, alum, common salt, carbonate of
iron, carbonic acid, &c.  They are  employed as
a tonic and astringent.
  PASTA DE ALTHjEA, Paste, marshmallow
— p. Amyirdalina, Confection (almond) — p. de
Dactylis,  Paste, date — p. Emulsiva,  Confection
(almond) — p. de Jujubis, Paste of jujubes—p.
Regia, Confection (almond).
  Pasta  Glycyrrhi'z.* Gumma'ta et Anisa'ta
Beu Maaea de extracta glycyrrhiza.  A compound
of extract of liquorice, gum  Senegal, sugar, Flo-
rence orrie-root, and volatile oil of aniseed.  De-
mulcent.
  Pasta Zinci Chlo'ridi, (F.) Pdte  de Canquoin,
Paste of  Chloride  of Zinc,  Catiquoin'e  Caustic
Paste.   This paste  is made  of three strengths,
consisting, respectively, of chloride  of zinc, 1
part; wheaten flour, parts 4, 3 and 2 ; water suffi-
cient to make a paste.   This caustic destroys the
part in  a  direct  ratio with the thickness of the
layer applied.
  PASTE, Paata, (F.) Pdte.   A viscid, tenacious
mixture.  Also,  a compound  medicine, like the
pastil,  but less consistent, flexible, less  saccha-
rine, and  more mucilaginous.
   A convenient paste for attaching labels to glass,
or for  other  services, is made of gum tragacanth
and water, to which alum is added.  This the author
always keeps by him. Another form is to make a
solution of Gum Arabic, Ijj, boiling water, f^ij,
and glycerin, f^ij ; and another is made by mixing
powdered  Gum Antb'e, and powdered tragacanth,
of each -Jss, water, f^ifs. acetic acid, Tt^xx.
  Paste,  Cagliari, see Turundae Italics.
  Paste  op  Chloride of  Zinc,  Pasta  Zinci
chloridi.  •
  Paste,  Date,  Maeea seu  Pasta de  dac'tylie.
Composed of dates, eugar, gum Arabic, water, and
orange-flower water.—Ph. P.   Demulcent.
  Paste of Iceland  Moss, Paata Liche'nie, (F.)
Pdte de lichen.  A paste made by boiling lichen
Islandicus to  a proper consistence, and adding
gum Arabic and sugar.
   The Pdte de Lichen opiacSe contains opium in
addition ;  about Jd of a grain to an ounce.
   Paste,  Italian, see Turunda? Italicae.
  Paste  OF  Ju'jUBES,  Paata de ju'jttbie, Maeea
de zizypho'ritm fructa, (F.) Pdtede Jujube.  Com-
posed of jujubes, gum Senegal, sugar, water, and
tincture of lemon-peel.   Demulcent
   Paste,   Marshjial'low,   3Iassa  de  gummi
Arab'ico,  Pasta de althtz'd,  (F.) Pdte  de Gui-
maiwe.  A compound of gum Arabic, eugar, white
ofi egg,  and  orange-flower water.—Ph. P.  It is
demulcent
  Paste,  Tooth, Dent.ifricium— p. Vienna, see
Powder, Vienna—p. Ward's, Confectio  piperis
ni^ri.
  PASTEL, Isatis tinctoria.
  PASTEQUE,  Cucurbita citrullus.
  PASTIL,  Pustilltis, Diocres, Avic'ula Cip'ria,
Cande'la fiuma'lia, Phthoia, Phthoia'cue.   A com.
pound of aromatic substances in various shapes,
used as a fumigating material when  set fire to
See Fumigation.
  The French use the term Paatille, (L.) Pastil-
lue, for a solid,  dry, round, oblong,  square,  of
triangular compound, whose base is essential oil,
and sugar tbe excipient  These pastilles are in
fact  small lozenges, and  only differ from  the
tablette  in their smaller size.  They are  termed,
also, SaccharolSe eolidee.
  PASTILLE, see Pastel.
  PASTILLES   DIGESTIVES  D'HAUTR.
RIVE-VICHY, see Trochisci  Sodae bicarl.onatis
—p.  Fumigating, see Fumigation—p. de Vivht/,
see Trochisci Sods bicarbonatis.
  PASTILLI  DIGKSTIVI  DARCETII,  see
Trochisci  Sods  bicarbonatis — p. Emetinie Pec-
torares,  Trochisci emetinae pectorales.
  Pastil'li de  Mentha Piperi'ta, Peppermint
drape.  (Sacch. alb., aqua mentha pip.,  aq. des-
atillat. aa^ij.  Boil to the consistence of an elec-
tuary.  Take of fine white eugar in  powder, ,^iv;
volatile  oil ofi peppermint, gss.  Mix, and add
the electuary whilst warm.   Drop it then  on
marble, and dry the drope.—Ph. P.)
  PASTILLUS, Pastil.
  PASTINACA ALTISSIMA, P.  opoponax—p,
Anethum, Anethum  graveolens — p. Graveolens,
Anethum graveolens—p. Opaca, P. sativa.
  Pasti.va'ca Opop'anax.   Ord. Umbelliferae.
The name of the  plant which furnishes the Opo-
ponax.  The plant, whence the gum resin is ob-
tained, has, also, been  called Fer'ula opnp'onax
seu upop'onax, Pastina'ca altiea'ima, Lii*erpil-
itim seu Sell num chiro'nium, Opopana'ciini. Pa-
nax heracle'urn seu coati'num, Poatina'cea, Nyna,
Herculea-all-heal, Opop'anaxwort.
  Opopanax, Opopana'cie  gummi-reei'na, Gezir,
Pop'anax, Gummi Puna'cie, exudes from the roots
when wounded.   Its odour is strong  and pecu-
liar; taste, bitter and acrid.   It is met  with  in
the shops, in lumps of a reddish-yellow colour,
without; white within.   It has been recommend-
ed as  an antispasmodic  and emmenagogue; but
is seldom used.  Dose, gr. x. to ^j> in powder.
  Pastinaca Pratensis, P. sativa.
  Pastina'ca Sati'va, Elaphohoe'cum, Paetinaea
eylvea'trie seu optica  seu praten'eie, Ane'thmn
seu Sell num paetina'ca, Ban'ica,  Garden pars-
nep,  (F.) Panaie,  The  root is sweet  and nutri-
tious, and is in esteem as an article of food.   It
has been used as a diuretic and demulcent in cal-
culous affections, &c.
  Pastinaca Sylvestris. P. sativa—p.  Sylves-
tris tennifolia officinarum, Daucus carota.
  Pyl TA TE, Convolvulus batatas.
  PATCHOULI, Pogostemon patchouli.
  PATE, Paste—p. AreSnicale, Arsenical  paste
—p.  de  Canquoin, Pasta Zinci chloridi—p. Caua-
tique de Vienne, Powder, Vienna—p. de Guimanve,
Paste, marshmallow—p. de  Jujube,  Paste of
Jujubes.
  PATEL'LA, Rot'nla, R. genu, Epigon'atis,Epi-
gon'tis, Acromy'le, Epigoilnie seu  Epigu'nis sell
Epigo'nie, Mola seu Concha seu Oc'ulua seu  Orbie
seu Scutum genu,  Oa acutifior'me seu  disciforms
seu thyreoi'dea, SitpergennilHs,  Caucoloi'dea, Mi/'-
lacrie, Myle, Gamba, Olec'ranon mob'He, (Prov.)
Cop bone, (F.)  Untitle.  Diminutive  of  patera,
' a boil,' so called from its shape.  A sort of sesa-
moid, flat, short, thick, rounded bone, situate  in
front of the knee, anti enveloped in the substance
of the tendon common  to the extensor  muscles
of the leg.  The posterior surface of  the patella
is  divided  into  two facettee,  united  angularlv,
which are encrusted with  cartilage, and each of
which is articulated with one of the condyles of 
PATENCY OF THE FORAMEN OVALE 687
PAVILION
the femur.  The patella is developed by a single
point of ossification.   When the patella is frac-
tured, it is difficult to produce bony union.  This
can only be accomplished by keeping the frac-
tured extremities closely in apposition.
  Patella, Cup—p. Fixa, Olecranon.
  PATENCY  OF THE FORAMEN OVALE,
see Cyanopathy.
  PATENT MED'ICINE, MSdecine  brevetSe ou
patentSe, Rentede brevetS ou patents.  A medici-
nal compound, for the sale of which the  proposer
obtains from government an exclusive privilege.
A«specification of his invention must be registered
in the  Patent Office, and, hence, it differs from
a secret medicine.
   PATER OMNIUM VIVENTIUM, Penis.
   PATERA DIOGENIS, Palm.
   PATEUX, Clammy.
   PATIIKMA, Affection, Disease.
   PATnEMATOLOGY, Pathology.
   PATHETIC, Pathet'icns, from imBtos, ' I feel.'
That which moves the passions.   A name given
to  the  superior  oblique muscle  of the eye, and,
also, to a nerve.
   Pathetic Muscle, Oblique superior of the eye.
   Pathetic Nerve, Nervus Pathet'icite  seu tro-
chlea' ris seu trochlcato'rius seu trochlea'tor, the
4th pair ofi nerves, Par qttartum, (F.)  Oculo-mue-
culaire interne  (Ch.), Nerf pathStique,  is the
smallest encephalic nerve.   It arises  behind the
inferior part of the tubercula quadrigemina (teatea)
at the lateral parts of the valvula Vieussenii.  Its
roots unite into one thin round cord, which makes
a turn upon the peduncles of the brain, and passes
into a canal of the dura mater, near the  posterior
clinoid process.  It enters the orbit by the broad-
est parts of the sphenoidal fissure, and terminates
in the superior oblique muscle of the eye, by divi-
ding into several filaments,
   PATIIETISM, Magnetism, animal.
   PATHIC, Morbid.
   PATIIICAL,  Morbid.
   PATHICUS,  Morbid.
   PATHNE, Alveolus.
   PATHOGENETIC,  Pathogenet'icue,  Patho-
gen'icits.  Same etymon as Pathogeny.  Relating
to pathogeny.
   Pathogenetic Physiology, Physiolog"ia pa-
thogenelica.   That part of physiology which re-
lates to the origin  of disease.
   PATHOGENICUS, Pathogenetic.
   PATHOC'EXY,   Pathogen'ia,  Nosogen'eeis,
No8ogen'ia, from  iraSos. 'a  disease,' and ytvtots,
•generation.'   The  branch  of  pathology which
relates to the generation, production and develop-
ment of disease,
   PATHOGNOMON'IC, Pathognomonics, Sig-
num conjunc'tum seu chetraeteris'ticnm seu morbi
eeaentia'le; from  iraSos,  'an affection,'  and yi-
voiokixi,  'I know.'  A characteristic eymptom of a
disease.
   PATHOG'RAPHY, Pathngraph'ia, from irn-
&os, 'disease,' and ypatpui,  'I describe'  A^ de-
scription of disease.
   PATHOLOGIA,  Pathology —p.   Humoralis,
Humorism — p.  Solidaris. Solidism.
   PATHOLOG"ICAL, Patholog"icua, Patholo-
gue, (F.) Pathologique.  Same  etymon as pa-
thology.  Relating to pathology.  Often used in
the sense of pathical.
   Pathological Anatomy, see Anatomy.
   PATHOL'OGIST, Pathologue.  Same etymon.
One versed in pathology.
   PATHOL'OGY, Pathematol'ogy, Patholog"ia,
Pathematolofj"ia,  Patholog''ice,  from xa^os, ' a
disease,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  The branch
of medicine whose object is the knowledge of dis-
ease   It has  been defined dieeaaed  phyeiology,
and phyeiology ofi disease.  It is divided into ge-
neral and special.  The first consider.*  diseii.'-i's
in common; — the second, the particular history
of each.   It is  subdivided into  internal and ex-
ternal, or medical and surgical.
  Pathology, Humoral,  Humorism.
  PATHOMA'NIA,  Para path I a,  Moral Insa-
nity, from naSos, 'a disease,' and mania.   Ma'nia
eine  Delir'io.  A morbid  perven-ion of the natu-
ral feelings, affections, inclinations, temper, ha-
bits,  moral  disposition,  and natural impulse.',
without any remarkable disorder or defect of tho
intellect, or knowing and  reasoning facult.c^, and
particularly  without  any  insanity or  halluci-
nation.
   PATHOMYOTOM'IA;  from xaBos, 'affection,'
pvs or pviav, 'muscle,' and roan,  'incision.'  The
title of a work hy Dr.  John Bulwer (1619), being
"a dissection of the significative muscles of the
affections  of the mind."
   PATHOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia.
   PATHOS, Affection, Disease.
   PATIENCE, Rumex  patientia — p. d'Eau,
Rumex hydrolopathum — p. Garden,  Rumex pa-
tientia—p. Rouge, Rumex sanguineus—p.  Sau-
vat/e, Rumex acutus.
   PATIENT, see Sick.
   PATIENT OF DEATH, Agony.
   PATIENTIA, Rumex  patientia.
   PATIENTLY MUSCULUS, Levator scapulae
   PATNE. Alveolus.
   PATOPATRIDALGIA. Nostalgia.
   PATOR NA'RIUM.   The cavity or the open-
ing of the nostrils.
   PATRATIO. Ejaculation, (of sperm.)
   PATRINIA JATAMANSI, Nardus Indica.
   PATTE D'OIE(¥.), 'Goose's foot'  An apo-
neurotic expansion, which covers  the  internal
surface of the tibia at  its  upper part, and consists
of the expansion formed  by the tendons of the
sartorius, gracilis, and semi-tendinosus muscles.
   PATURSA, Svphilis. ■
  PAU, (CLIMATE OF.)  Pan  is  the capital of
the department of the Lower Pyrenees, and  is
about  150 miles from  Bordeaux,  and  50  from
Bayonne.   The climate corresponds with that of
the  south-west of France generally: its great
quality is  the comparative mildness of its spring,
and  exemption  from cold winds.  It is regarded
as a favourable winter residence for invalids la-
bouring under chronic affections of the mucous
membranes.  It is too changeable for  the  con-
sumptive; and to be avoided by the rheumatic.
   PAULLIN'IA.  This is an extract from a plant
of the same name in  Brazil.  It is prepared  by
the  Indians, and appears  to possess   excitant
powers.  In Brazil, and the neighbouring coun-
tries, it is  given in the form of tisane — the pow-
der being mixed with cocoa. — in diarrhcea and
dysentery.  It has been employed also as a tonic.
An extract is prepared in Brazil from Paullinia
eor'bilie, Ord. Sapindacese.  known there under
the name  of Guarana, which is  administered in
similar pathological cases.
  PAU3IE DE LA MA IN, Palm.
  PAUNCH, Ingluvies.
  PAUONTA, Sedatives.
  PA UP IE RE, Palpebra.
  PAUSIME'NIA, from iravais,  'cessation,' and
pnvn, 'menses.'  Cessation of the menses.
  PAVANA WOOD, Croton tiglium.
  PAVANNE, Laurus sassafras.
  PAVIL'ION.  The  French give the name pa-
vilion, to the expanded extremity of a  canal oi
cavity,—for example,  of a catheter, sound, &c.
  Pavilion  of the   Ear,  Auric'ula,   Pinna,
O'tium, Ala, (F.) Auricule ou  Orieule,  Pavilion
de I'oreitle, is seated  behind the  cheeks, beneath 
PAVILLOX BE  L'OREILLE   688      PECTORALIS  INTERNUS
the temple, and  anterior to the mastoid process.
It.- ?ize varies in individuals.   It is free above,
behind, and  below.   Anteriorly and within, it  is
continuous with  the  neighbouring parts.  Its
outer surface has several prominences, the Helix,
Anthelir,  Tragus, Antitrague, and Lobe;  and se-
veral cavities—the groove ofi the Helix, the foaaa
fieicitlarie seu ecapho'idee, and the Concha.  The
r-kin which covers the pavilion is very fine, and
studded with  a  number of  sebaceous  follicles.
The auricle is fixed to the  head by three fibro-
areolar  ligaments ; — a  euperior,  anterior,  and
po8terior.
   PA VILLON DE L'OREILLE, Pavilion  of
the ear —p. de la Trompe, see Tuba Fallopiana.
   PAVIMENTUM CEREBRI, Base of the
brain.
   PAVINA, .Ssculus hippoeastanum.
   PAVITA'TIO, Tremor; from  pavitare, pari-
tatum, ' to tremble  from fear.'  Trembling from
fright.
   PAVOPHOBIA,  Panophobia.
   PAYOR  (L.), Dread.  Great fright.  Pano-
phobia.
   Pavo'res Noctur'ni seu Dormien'tium. Fear
during sleep.
   PA VO T, Papaver.
   PAW, Manus.
   PAWPAW, see Carica papaya.
   PAXWAX, see Nucha.
   PAXYWAXY, see Nucha.
   PAZAHAR, Bezoar.
   PEA. Pisum—p. Garden, Pisum—p. Ground
Squirrel, Jeffersoniana Bartoni—p. Hoary, Galega
Virginiana—p. Love, Abrus precatorius—p.  Nut,
Arachis hypogea — p. Partridge, Cassia chamae-
crista — p. Turkey, Galega Virginiana.
   PEACH  BRANDY, Amygdalus Persiea —p.
 Tree, Amygdalus Persiea — p. Wood, see Caesal-
 pinia.
   PEAGLE, Primula veris.
   PEAR, see Pyrus malus — p. Avocado, Persea
 gratissima.
   PEARL, Perla, 3tar'garon, 3Iargari'ta, Mar-
gelliuin,  Marge'lis, U'nio, (F.) Perle.  A round-
ish  concretion of a silvery white colour, and bril-
 liant polish, found  in  several shells,  and espe-
cially in the Avic'nla margaritif era, which has,
 hence, been called Mater perlarum, Slargari'ta,
 and  Mother of pearl,  and is much used in the
 fabrication  of handles  for surgical instruments,
 Ac.  Pearls were formerly  given in  powder as
 astringents and  antacids.  They consist of lime
 and an animal matter.
   Pearl Ash,  Potash  of commerce.
   Pearl, Mother of,  see Pearl—p. White, Bis-
 muth, subnitrate of.
   PEAU, Cutis—p. Divine, Condom.
   PEAUCIER, Platvsma mvoides.
   PECAN  ..r PECCAN NUT, see Hickory.
   PECCANT, Peccans,  from peccare,  'to sin.'
 Morbid, not healthy.   An  epithet given by  the
 humourists to the humours when erring in quality
 or quantity.  See Materia Morbosa.
   PECHAN, Stomach.
   PECIIEDEOX, Perinaeum.
   PECHEGUERA.  A  pulmonary affection  af-
 fecting children three or four months old in South
 America, which is promptly fatal.
   PEC HER, Amysrdalus Persiea.
   PECHIAGRA, Pechyagra.
   PECHING. Anhelatio.
   PECHU'RIM seu PICHU'RIM CORTEX.  A
 highly aromatic bark, the produce of a species of
 laurus.  It is extremely fragrant, like  cinnamon,
 which it greatly resembles in its properties.  In
 Portugal it is used in the cure of dysentery, Ac.
 Pee Pichurim beans.
   PECH'YAGRA, Pech'iagra, Ancon'agra, Pec-
tihagra, from  trnxei,  'the  elbow,' and  aypa, '*
seizure.'   Gout affecting the elbow.
  PECHYS, Elbow.
  PECHYTYRBE, Porphyra nautica.
  PECKISH, Hungry.
  PECTE, Cheese.
  PECTEN,  Pubes.  Also, a comb.
  Pecten  Dentium, see  Sepes — p.  Veneris,
Scandix cerefolium.
  PECTIHAGRA, Pechyagra.
  PECTIN,  from irnKros, 'coagulated,  curdled.'
A name given by Braconnot to a principle which
forms the basis of vegetable jelly.  It is exten-
sively diffused  in the juices of pulpy fruits and
roots, especially when they are mature; and oc-
casions  these juices to coagulate  when they are
mixed with alcohol or boiled with  sugar.
  It is the basis of one of the classes of elemen-
tary principles of Dr. Pereira—the pectinaceoue.
  PECTINACEOUS, Pectinous.
  PECTINA'LIS,  from  pecten,  pectinie,  'the
pubes;' Pectina'ue, Mue'culue Hv'idue, Pectina'-
tue, (F.) Pubio-fiSmoral,  Suapubio-fSmoral (Ch.),
PeetinS.   This muscle is situate at the inner and
upper part of the thigh.   It is long, flat, and tri-
angular;  is attached, above, to  the space which
separates the  ileo-pectineal  eminence  from the
spine of the  os pubis; and, below, by a flat ten-
don, to  the oblique line which descends from the
lesser trochanter to the linea aspera.  The pecti-
nalis bends the thigh on the pelvis, and carries
it outwards  in  adduction and rotation.  It may
also bend the pelvis on the thigh.
  PECTINATED,  Pectina'tue,   Pectin'ifiorm,
 Pec'tinnte, (F.)  PeetinS, from  pecten, pectinie,
 'a  comb.' Having the  shape of the teeth of t
comb.
   Pectinated Muscles, Pectina'ti mue'culi. Th«
fascicular texture observed in the right auricl.
of  the  heart: — Mue'culi Auric'ula Pectina'ti
 Their main use probably is — to prevent the ovei
dilatation of the auricles.
   PECTINATUS, Pectinalis.
   PECTINE, Pectinalis, Pectinated.
   PECTINEUS, Pectinalis.
   PECT1NIF0RM, Pectinated.
   PECTINOUS, Pectina'ceue, Pectino'eue, Pec-
 tina'ceoue, from pectin.  Of or belonging to pec-
 tin or vegetable jelly,—as a. pectinous or pectina-
 ceoue vegetable principle.
   PECTORAL, from pectue,  pectorie,  'the
 breast'   Relating to the breast   See Pectorals.
   PECTORAL, GRAND, Pectoralis major.
   PECTORALE, Corset.
   PECTORALIS INTERNUS, Triangularia
 sterni.
   Peotora'lis Major, from pectue,pectorie, 'the
 breast'   Pectora'lie, Sterno-cleido-brachia'lie,
 (F.) Sterno-coato-clavio-humSral,  Sterno-hwniral
 (Ch.), Grand Pectoral.  A large, flat, triangular
 muscle, situate at the anterior part of  the chest,
 before  the  axilla.  It is attached, on  the one
 hand, by means of aponeurotic fibres, to the inner
 half of the anterior edge of the clavicle;  to the
 anterior surface of the sternum, and to the  carti-
 lages of the first six true ribs;—on the other, by
 a strong tendon, which is inserted at the anterior
 edge of the bicipital groove of tbe  humerus.   The
 use of this muscle is to move the arm in various
 directions.   If it be hanging by  the side  of the
 body, it carries it inwards and a  little  forwards.
 When the arm is  raised, it depresses it and car-
 ries it inwards.  It can,  also, move it in rotation
 inwards.  If the humerus be raised and fixed,
 the pectoralis  major draws the trunk towards the
 upper extremity.
   Peotora'lis Minor, Scrru'tue  anti'cue minor,
 (F.) Costo-coracoidien (Ch.), Petit Pectoral, Petit 
PECTORALS
689
PEDUNCLE
dentelS antSrieur.  This muscle is situate beneath I
the preceding, at the anterior and upper part of
the chest.  It is flat and triangular; is attached
by its base, which appears digitated, to the upper
edge  and outer surface  of  the  3d, 4th, and  5th
true ribs, and is inserted at the  anterior part of
the coracoid process.  The pectoralis minor draws
the scapula forwards and downwards, and makes
it execute a rotatory motion, by virtuo of which
its  inferior angle  is carried backwards, and  the
anterior depressed.  When the shoulder is fixed,
it elevates the ribs to which it is attached,  and
aids in  the dilatation of th6 chest.
  PECTORALS, Pectora'lia, Thorac"ica.   Me-
dicines considered proper for relieving or remo-
ving affections of  the chest
  Pectoral Drops, Batejian's,  consist chiefly
of tincture of caetor, with some camphor and  opi-
um, flavoured by aniseed. Gray*gives the follow-
ing formula: Castor, ^j ;  ol. anisi, gj j camph.
JJv ; cocci, giss ; opii, ^vj ; proof spirit, a gallon.
   A form, advised by a committee of the Phila-
delphia College of Pharmacy, is the following:—
Alcohol, dil. cong. iv; Santal. rubr. ras. 5§j ; di-
gere per boras xxiv; cola, et  adde Pulv. opii,
Pulv. catechu,  Camphora, aa ^ij; Ol. anisi,  giv.
Digest for ten days.
   PECTORILOQUE, from pectus,pectoris,  'the
chest,'and loqui,  'to speak.'  One, according to
Laeunec, who presents the phenomenon of Pecto-
riloqitism.  Also, a stethoscope.
   PECTORILOQUY,  Pectoriloquy— p. ChSv-
rotante, Egophony.
   PECTORILOQUOUS BRONCHOPHONY, see
Pectoriloquy.
   PECT0RIL'0QUY,Pecrori7'oy«wn,GWcrnous
voice, Pectorilo'quia, (F.) Pectoriloquie, Voix ca-
■ vemeuse, V. articitlSe.   Same  etymon.  Speech
or  voice coming from  the  chest.  Laennec  has
designated, by this name, the phenomenon often
presented by consumptive individuals, when their
chests  are examined with the stethoscope.   The
voice seems to issue directly from  the  chest,  and
to pass through the central  canal of the cylinder,
— a  phenomenon owing to the voice resounding
in the anfractuous cavities, produced in the lungs
by the suppuration or  breaking down  of tuber-
cles, which  constitute absceeaea or ulcers  of the
lunga.  By some, it is not separated  from bron-
chophony, having been  termed, at times,  strong
bronchophony,  and pectoriloquoua bronchophony.
See Laryngophony.  Whiapering  pectoriloquy is
that produced by  the whispering of the patient.
   PECTORO'SUS, from pectus, pectorie,  'the
 chest.'  One who has a broad chest.
   PECTUS, Sternum,  Thorax  — p.  Carinatum,
see Carina and Lordosis.
   PECULIUM, Penis.
   PEDAGRA, Potassae supertartras impurus.
   PEDAL, Peda'lie, from pee, pedie,  ' the foot'
Relating to the foot: — as
   Pedal ArcsBViio'sis,(F.) AponSvrosepSdieitse.
A thin, aponeurotic layer, which invests the ex-
tensor brevis digitorum pedis, and separates the
tendons of the foot from each other.
   PEDBELLY, Physconia.
   PEDES. Genital organs.
  PEDESIS, Pulsation.
  PEDETHMOS,  Pulsation.
  PEDIAL'GIA,  Pedionalgia,  Pedioneural'gia,
from irtiiov,  'the   sole  »f  the  foot,'  and  aXyos,
' pain.'   Pain in the sole of the foot.  Neuralgia
of the foot in general.  An affection of this kind,
tinder the name PSdionalgie, prevailed in 1762
at Savigliano in Piedmont, and  in 1806 amongst
the military at Padua.
  PEDICLE, VITELLINE, see Vesicula umbi-
licalis.
  PEDICULARIA, Delphinium staphisagria.
       U
I    PEDICULATIO, Phtheiriasis.
    PEDICULUS, Phtheir, Louee, (Prov.) Biddy,
  (F.) Pon.   Diminutive of pes,  pedie,  'a  foot,'
  from  its  having  many  feet   A  grnus  of
  parasitic insects.  Tho human  body is infested
  with-three kinds: the  Body-louae, or Clothes-
  louee,  Pedic'ulue vestimen'ti, (F.) Pou  de corpa;
  the Head-louee, Pedic'ulue cap'itia, (F.) Pou de
  la tete, which lives in the hair; the Crab-louse,
  3tor'pio, Fera'lis pedic'ulus, Plat'ula,  Phthlriue
  inguina'lis, Pedic'ulus Pubis, (F.) Mvpion, which
  infests the hair of the  pubee.   Infusion of to-
  bacco, or mercurial ointment, or ointment of white
  precipitate of mercury, or the white or red pre-
  cipitate of mercury, readily destroys them.   The
  louse  occurring in phtheiriasis, pedic'ulue  tabes-
  cen'tium, differs from  the common louse.—Vogel.
    Pediculus Capitis, see Pediculus — p. Pubis,
  Crab-louse—p.  Tabescentium, see Pediculus—p.
  Vestimenti, see Pediculus.
    PEDICURE, Chiropodist
    PEDICUS, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis.
    PEDIEUX  (muscle), Extensor brevis digito-
  rum pedis.
    PEDIGAMBRA, Ysambra.
    PEDILAN'THUS  TITHYMALOI'DES, Eu-
  phor'bia tithymaloidee seu myrtifo'lia, Jew bush,
  Order, Euphorbiaceaa, grows in various parts of
  the  West  Indies.   The  practitioners of Curacoa
  give a decoction  in  venereal  cases.  It is also
  used in domestic practice, in  amenorrhoea.  It is,
  moreover,   known  and  used as Ipecacuanha.—
  Lindley.
    PEDILU'VIUM, from pedes, 'the  feet,' and
  lavo, 'I wash.'  Lavipe'dium, (F.) PSdiluve, Bain
  de pied.  A bath for  the feet.  See Bath.
    PEDION, Sole.
    PEDIONALGIA, Pedialgia.
    PEDIONEURALGIA, Pedialgia.
    PEDIUM, Tarsus.
    PEDONCULE, Peduncle.
    PEDONCULES DU CERVEAU,  Peduncles
  of the  brain—p. du Cervelet, Corpora restiformia
  —p. du Conarium, Peduncles of the pineal  gland
  — p.  de  la Glande  pinSale, Peduncles of  the
  pineal  gland.
    PEDORA.  The sordes of the eyes, ears, and
  feet.
    PED'UNCLE,  Pedun'culue,  (F.) PSdoncule,
  from pes, pedis, 'a foot' This term has been ap-
  plied  to different prolongations or appendices of
  the  encephalon.
    Peduncles  op the  Brain,  Pedun'culi  seu
  Crura  seu Caudex cer'ebri, called,  also,  Crura
  anterio'ra  medullce oblonga'ta, (F.) PSdonculee
  du Cerveau, are two  white cords, about fths of
  an inch in diameter, on the outside of the corpora
  albicantia.   They arise from the medullary sub-
  stance of the brain, and gradually approach, till
  they join the tuber annulare.  They are formed,
  internally, of a mixture of cineritious and medul-
  lary matter; the  former of which, being  of  a
  darker colour at one  part than in any  other part
  of the  brain, has been called Z,oci«* niger crurum
  cerebri, Substantia nigra pediin'citli.
    Peduncles  of  the Cerebellum, Pedun'culi
  seu  CVtircr cerebel'li, called, also, Crura posterio'ra,
  are  six in number, three on each side—a superior,
  a middle, and an inferior.  The superior pedun-
  cles are generally known as the Proceasns cere-
  belli ad teatea, Crura cerebel'li ad cor'pora quad-
  rigem'ina,  Bra'chia copulati'va: the inferior are
  the  Processue cerebelli ad medttllam oblongatam ;
  and the middle are called, also, Cerebellar ped'un-
  clee—Proces'sus seu  Crura cerebelli ad pontem,
  Bra'chia pontis.
    Peduncles,  Inferior, op  the Cerebellum, 
PEDUNCULUS            690    PELVI-TROCH ANTERI AN
Corpora reatiformia—p. of the Medulla oblongata, j|
Corpora restiformia.                            I
  Peduncles of the Pine'al Gland, Pedunculi
cona'rii, (F.) PSdoncitles de la glande pinSale, P.
du Conarium, are two  medullary bands or strips,
which seem to  issue from the pineal gland, and
proceed on each side  upon the upper and inner
region of the optic thalami.  See Pineal  Gland.
  Pedunculi Cerebelli, Peduncles of the Cere-
bellum— p. Cerebri, Peduncles of the brain — p.
Conarii, Peduncles of the pineal gland, see Pineal
gland — p. Medulloe oblongata,  Corpora  resti-
formia.
  PEDUNCULUS, Peduncle.
  PEGA,  Canthus  (lesser).
  PEGANEL^E'ON,  Oleum  ruta'ceum, O'leum
ruta, from myavov, 'rue,'  and tXatov, 'oil.'  Oil
of Rue.
  PEGANUM,  Ruta.
  PEG MIN,  Corium phlogistieum.
  PEINE. Hunger.
  PEINOTIIERAPIA, Limotherapeia.
  PEIRA, Effort, Experience, Nisus.
  PELA'DA, (F.) Pelade.  A word  of uncertain
origin,  applied  to alopecia, especially to  that re-
sulting from syphilis.  See Alopecia.
  PELA'GIA.  A  kind of scaly erysipelas  of the
hands — sometimes of the  legs, at others, of the
face.  Pellagra [?].
  PELAGRA, Pellagra.
  PELARGO'NIUM  ANCEPS, Peria'terk an-
cepe.  A South African plant, Nat. Ord.  Gera-
uiaceae, the decoction of  which is  used by the
Malays  in amenorrhoea, and to promote  parturi-
tion  and abortion.
  Pelargonium Antidysenter'icum, Jenkineo'- ;
nia antidyeenter'ica. This  South African plant is
used by the natives in dysentery.  It is boiled in
milk.
  Pelargo'nium Cuculla'tum.  Common along
the side of the Table Mountain.  It has  been re-
commended in  decoction as an enema  in colic,
nephritis,  and suppression of urine.  It is an ex-
cellent  emollient, and was formerly exported  to
Holland under the  name Herba Altha'a.
  Pelargo'nium Triste, Polyac'tium triete. The
root of  this plant, which grows at  the  Cape of
Good Hope, is somewhat astringent, and is used
there in diarrhoea  and dysentery, and as an an-
thelmintic.
  PEL'ICAN,  Pelica'nue, Peleca'nue, Pelecan,
Pel'ecae, irtXtKav,  from irtXtxaoi, ' I  cleave.' An
instrument, curved at the end like the beak of a
pelican.  Its use is to  extract teeth.
  PELI'CIDE,  Pelu'de, Mel coc'tum.  Boiled
honey.—Ruland and Johnson.
  PELICOMETER, Pelvimeter.
  PELIDNOMA, Ecchymoma, Pelioma.
  PELIO'MA,  Pelidno'ma from  rrtXos,  'black.'
A livid ecchymosis.—Forestus. See Ecchymoma.
  P&LIOSE, Purpura.
  PELIOSIS, Purpura hemorrhagica—p. Rheu-
matica,  see Purpura simplex.
  PELLA, Cutis, Prepuce.
  PEL'LAGRA, Pel'agra, Ichthyo'eie seu  Tuber
seu Impetigo Pellagra, Elephanti'aeie  Ital'ica,
Lepra  Mediolanen'eie  seu  Lombard'ica,  Scorbu'-
tne alplniie, Ma'nia pella'gria, Erythe'ma endem'-
icum seu pel'lagrum, Insolazione de Primavera,
Male del Sole, Dermalagra, Eryeip'elaaperiod'ica
nerro'sa chron'ica. Paralyeie  ecorbu'tica, Scurvy
ofi the  Alpe, (F.)  3fal  de mietre,  Scorbut dee
Alpee; from trtXXa,  [?]  'skin,' and aypa, 'seizure.'
A disease, particularly noticed among the Milan-
ese, which  consists in the skin becoming covered
with wrinkles, and assuming a scaly appearance,
especially  in  the parts exposed to the air.  The
strength diminishes, the intellectual faculties and ii
sensations become obscure, and cramps, convuN
sions, and other lesions of muscular contractility
supervene.   It is  a singular endemic affection,
and has been  supposed to follow everywhere the
introduction of  Indian  corn:  hence the name
Rapha'nia ma'iz'tica, given to it by some of the
Italian physicians.
  An affection endemic in the Asturias is said to
be a variety of pellagra.  It is the Rosa seu Lepra
Aatu'rica, 3Ial de la Roea.
  PELLENS,  from pellere, 'to drive.'  Driving;
impelling.
  Pellen'tia  Medicamen'ta are medicines that
promote the occurrence of the menstrual  or bae-
morrhoidal flux.
  PELLICULA OVI, Membrana putaminis—p.
Summa, Epidermis — p. Superior, Epidermis.
  PELLICULA  CORDIS, Ostiola cordis.
  PELLIS, Cutis—p. Summa, Epidermis.
  PELLITORY,  Xanthoxylum  fraxineum —p.
American, Parietaria Pennsylvanica—p. Bastard,
Achillea ptarmica—p. of Spain, Anthemis pyre-
thrum— p. Wall, Parietaria.
  PELMA, Sole.
  PELOHiE'MIA,  (F.) PSlohSmie, from  Ti/Xoy,
'dirt,' and 'aipa, 'blood.'  A  condition  of the
blood in which it is thick, syrupy, and of a very
dark  colour — as  in diseases of the  blood, gan-
grene, Ac.
  PELOR, Monster.
  PELORIA,  Monster.
  PELORIUM, Monster.
  PELORUM. .'Monster.
  PELOTE DE MER, Pila marina.
  PELTALIS seu  PELTATUS  CARTILAGO,
Thyroid cartilage, Xiphoid cartilage.
  PELTAN'DRA   VIRGIN'ICA,  from   rtXrV,_
'a target,' and avnp, 'for anther,' from the shield-
shaped stamens.  Arum  Virgin'icum, Calla seu
Lecon'tia.  seu  Reneaelaeria  Virgin'ica,  Arrow
Arum, Taraho,  Wampee;  indigenous; of  the
Order Araceae.  The fresh roots  and seeds are
acrid  stimulants, like Arum.
  PELTIDEA AMPLISSIMA, Lichen  caninus
— p.  Aphthosa, Lichen  aphthosus — p. Canina,
Lichen caninus — p. Leucorrhiza, Lichen caninus
—p. Malacea, Lichen caninus—p. Spuria, Lichen
caninus.
  PELTTGERA CANINA, Lichen caninus.
  PELUDE, Pelicide.
  PELVIC, Pel'vicue, Pelvlnue.  (F.) Pelvien,
from pelvia.  Belonging or relating to  the pelvis.
  Pelvic Aponeuro'sis,  (F.)  AponSvroee pel-
vienne.  A tendinous lamina, given off from the
sides  of the  pelvis,  and  from the entire circum-
ference of the  brim, which passes into and  lines
the pelvis, and is soon divided into two distinct
layers; — one external, the  lateral, pelvic or obtu-
rator faecia, which  continues to line the sides  of
the pelvis,  and covers the  obturator internus
muscle;  the other, internal or euperior, which
passes inwards upon the  side  of the prostate,
bladder,  and rectum in  the male, and  of the
bladder,  vagina, and rectum in  the  female, in
order to form the floor of the pelvis.
  Pelvic Cavity,  (F.) CavitS pelvienne..  Tie
cavity of the pelvis.
  Pelvic Members.  Tbe lower extremities.
  Pelvic Surface  of the Il'ium.  That which
faces  the pelvic cavity.
  PELVICULA OCULI, Orbit.
  PELVID'YMUS, (F.) Pelvidyme, from pelris,
and itivpos, 'a twin.'  A monster united at the
pelvis, and double above.
  PELVI-TROCHANTE'RIAN,  Pclvi-trochan-
teria'ntte.  That which relates  to  the  pelvis and
great trochanter.   The  Pelvi-trochanterian re-
gion is formed by the muscles—pyramidalis, tn-o
obturatore, gemini, and quadratue femorie—which 
PELVIEN               691        PENDULUM  PALATI
pass from  the  pelvis to the digital cavity of the
great trochanter.
  PEL VIEN,  Pelvic.
  PELVIM'ETER,   Pelycom'eter,  Pelyom'eter,
Pelicom'eter, Pyelom'eter,  (F.)' PelvimUre, from
pelvie, and ptrpov, ' a measure.'  A barbarous hy-
brid.  This name has been given to different in-
struments, invented  for measuring the diameters
of the pelvis, and particularly the antero-posterior
or fore-and-aft diameter of the brim: — Pel vim'-
etry, (F.)  PelvimStrie.  Two have been chiefly
employed,  especially by French practitioners:—
the  Compae d'Spaiaaeur, -and the Pelvimeter of
Coutouly.   1.  The Compae d'Spaiaaeur or Cal-
lipere of Baudelocque,  is formed like a pair of
compasses—with blunt extremities—the branches
of which can be mdved at will.   One of these is
applied to  the symphysis pubis, and the other on
the  sacrum.  About  three  inches  must be de-
ducted from this measurement for the thickness
of the  mons veneris, pubis, and  the base of the
sacrum.  2. The Pelvimeter of Coutouly resem-
bles the instruments used by shoemakers for mea-
suring the length of the foot.   The two branches
are  introduced, in a state of approximation,  into
the vagina, and then separated, so that one touches
the  promontory of the  sacrum, the  other comes
behind the os pubis.  It is a  barbarous contri-
vance, and its introduction  ought never to be at-
tempted on the living subject It does not, indeed,
seem possible to introduce  it without mischief.
   The finger is, decidedly, the best pelvimeter,
and by it we can judge whether  the base of the
sacrum  be unusually prominent   Measurement
of the pelvis by the hand  has  been called Pely-
cochirometre'eie; from  irtXv£, ' the pelvis,'  xctP>
• 'the hand,' and ptrpov, 'measure.'
   PELVIMETRY, see  Pelvimeter.
   PELVIS, Cho'ana, Py'elos, Lec'ane, (F.)  Bas-
el n ; so called from  irtXvs, and irtXXis, 'a basin,'
because fancied to  be  shaped  like  an ancient
basin.  The part of the trunk  which bounds the
abdomen below.  It  is a large,  bony, irregular,
conoidal cavity,—open above and below,—which
supports and contains a part  of  the intestines,
and the urinary and genital organs; and serves,
at the  same time, as a fixed point for the articu-
lation of the lower limbs, the attachment of their
muscles, and the execution of  their movements.
The pelvis supports, behind, the vertebral column,
and is sustained, before, by the  ossa femorum.
It is situate, in the adult, near the middle part
of the body, and is composed of  four broad, flat,
unequally thick bones, differing much  in their
shape, sifce, and arrangement, which touch, are
articulated at some part of their surface, and in-
timately united by means of a number of  liga-
mentous fasciae.  Of these bones,  two are behind,
on  the median line,—the sacrum and the coccyx ;
the  two others are before and at  the sides, — the
ilia.  They are fellows, and unite, before, with
each other. The most important parts of the
pelvis, in  an obstetrical point of view, are the
brim and the outlet.   The Brim, Angue'tia abdo-
mina'lie, Intro'itus,  Apertu'ra pelvis supe'rior,
 Upper Opening or strait of the  Cavity of the Pel-
vis,  (F.) DStroit ettpSrieur, D. abdominal, is the
narrow part which  separates the greater pelvis
from the less—the false from the true, Pelvis vera
seu minor.   In the well-formed woman it is ellip-
tical, and slightly inclined forwards.  Its antero-
posterior, sacro-pubic or conjugate diameter, in  a
standard pelvis, measures 4£ inches, but with the
soft  parts,  3f inches; its transverse or iliac or
lateral, 5£  inches, but with the  soft parts 4
inches:  and its oblique, Diameter of Deventer,
with  the soft  parts, 4f inches.   The  Outlet,
Ex'itue,  Inferior  opening, or  strait,  Angus'tia
perinaa'lie, (F.) DStroit infSrieur, D. pSrinSal, \
forms  the  lower aperture of the  pelvis.   The
antero-posterior diameter is here, on account of
the mobility of the coccyx, 5 inches : the lateral,
4 inches.  The Axis of the Pelvis is important
to be known in obstetrics.  The Axis of the Brim
is indicated by a straight line drawn from the
umbilicus to the apex of the coccyx;—the Axis
of the'Outlet by a line drawn from the first bone
of the sacrum to the entrance of the vagina.  An
imaginary curved line which indicates the direc-
tion of the canal of the pelvis, has occasionally
been termed the curve  of Cants, in conseqenco
of its  having been pointedly described  by the
German obstetrician.
  Pelvis Aurium, Cochlea—p. Cerebri, Infundi-
bulum of the brain.
  Pelvis op  the  Kidney, Pelvis rena'lis  seu
renum, Sinus, Venter seu Alvus Renum, (F.) Baa--
ainet.  This is  a small, membranous pouch, occu-
pying  the  posterior part  of the fissure of the
kidney.  It is placed behind  the  renal artery
and vein;  is  elongated  from  above to below;
flattened from before to  behind; irregularly  oval
in figure; and, below, contracts considerably,  to
be  continuous with the  ureter.  It receives the
orifices of the  infundibula, which pour the urine
secreted  in the kidney into its cavity.
   Pelvis Minor, Pelvis—p. Ocularis, Scaphium
oculare — p. Renalis, Pelvis of  the kidney — p.
Renum, Pelvis of the kidney — p. Vera, Pelvis.
   PELYCOCHIROMETRESIS, see Pelvimeter.
   PELYCOMETER,  Pelvimeter.
   PELYOMETER, Pelvimeter.
   PEM'MICAN or PEM'ICAN.  Meat  cured,
pounded, and  mixed with fat.  It has been much
used as nutriment on long overland journeys.
   PEMPHIGO'DES, Pemphigoid, (F.) Pemphi-
gode, from irtpipiZ, 'a blister,'  and ttios,  'form.'
An epithet given by the ancients to the feyer that
accompanies pemphigus.
   PEM'PHIGUS, Emphly'aia Pem'phigue, Pom'-
phofyx, from  trtpipi^, irtptpiyos, 'a blister;' Febria
bullo'aa seu  veaicula'ria  seu ampullo'aa seu pem-
phigo'dee seu pemphingo'dee, Exanthe'ma eerosum,
3Iorta, Pem'phigue  morta seu Helvelicua  seu
major seu minor, 3torbue bullo'sus seu vesicula'ris
seu ampulla'ceue, Pemphinx, Pemphix, Pentphyx,
Typhue veaicula'ria,  Veaic'ular Fever,  Bladdery
Fever, Water-bleba,  (F.) Fievre  bulleuae ou vSaic-
ulaire, 31aladie bulleuae.   A  disease, defined  to
consist of vesicles, scattered over the body ; trans-
parent, filbert-sized, with a red,  inflamed edge,
but  without surrounding blush  or tumefaction ;
on breaking, disposed to ulcerate; fluid, pellucid
or slightly coloured ; fever, typhous.  It is doubt-
ful whether any such  idiopathic fever have  ever
existed!  the probability is, that the fever  and
vesications have been an accidental complication.
Cullen thinks  the  Pemphigus Helvetieus must
have been  malignant sore throat.  If, however,
•such a distinct disease did exist, it was probably
only as an endemico-epidemic.
   Pemphigus  Gangrenosa, Rupia escharotica—
p. Hungaricus, see Anthrax—p. Infantilis, Rupia
escharotica — p. Major,  Pemphigus — p. Minor,
Pemphigus—p. Morta,   Pemphigus—p. Vario-
lodes, see Varicella.
  PEMPHINX, Pemphigus.
  PEMPHIX, Pemphigus.
  PEMPHYX, Pemphigus.
  PEMPT.EA FEBRIS, Quintan.
  PEN.EA  MUCRONATA, see Sarcocolla- p,
Sarcocolla,  Sarcocolla.
  PENCHE, Abdomen.
  PENCIL-LIKE   PROCESSES, Styloid pro-
cesses.
  PENDULOUS ABDOMEN, Physconia.
  PENDULUM  PALATI, Velum  pendulum
palati. 
PENETRATING            692                 PEPSIN
  PEN'ETRATING, Penetrans, fror. ftenerrare,
penetratum, (penitue intrare,) 'to  go into.'  A
wound is so called which  penetrates one of the
great splanchnic cavities —Vulnue penetrane.
  A medicine is, also, so called, which is supposed
to pass through the pores,  and stimulate.
  PENICILLUM, Compress, Penicillus.
  PENICIL'LUS,  Penicillum,  Penie'ulus,  '&
painter's brush ;' diminutive of penie, ' a tail.' A
tent or pledget. A pessary. The secreting glandi-
form  extremities of the  venae  portae,  (Ac"ini
bilio'ei)  have been  so  termed, as well  as the
villous textures.
  Penicillus, Tent.
  PENICULUM, Compress.
  PENICULUS, Penicillus, Tent.
  PENIDE,  Penidium.
  PENIDES, Saccharum  hordeatum.
  PENID'IUM,  Penidium  eacchara'tum,  from
penie, 'a tail,' from the  shape [?], (F.) PSnide,
 Svcre tors. A  kind of clarified sugar, made up into
 rolls.  Barley eugar. It is demulcent; see Sac-
'charum hordeatum.
   PENIL, Mons veneris.
   PENIS, 'a tail.'  Canlis, Colee, Caulee, Cattloe,
 Men'tula,  Menta, Phallus,  Farcifi'era,  Poethe,
 Proe'thitim, Crithe,  Cor'yne,  Vomer, Pater om'-
 niitm  viven'tium, Pria'ptte, Virga,  V. virllie, V.
 genita'lie,  Vere'trum,  Sathe,  Membrum   viri'le
 seu  eeminnle seu  genitale  viro'rum, Jim-ion,
  Cyan, Sic'ula, Tentum, Hastn,  H. nuptia'lia, H.
 virllie,  Vaa, Vcte'culiim, Pecillium,  Vir'gula, Vir,
  Thyreue,  Tenaua, Clavue, Cauda  aulax, Cauda,
  Fae'cinum, F. viri'le, Muto, Nervna, N. fiatulo'sua
  Beu  fietula'rie  seu juvenilis,  Per'lica per se,
  Scopus, Leco, Curcu'lio,  Vena,  Contus,  Telum,
  Gurgu'lio, Sceptrum, Arma, Gla'diite, Lu'bricum
  Caput,3Intlnum,Paine, Pee'eulue, Radix, Ramue,
  Rutab'ulum,  Arma  Ventris, Columna adstana in-
  gnin'ibue, Columna, Pyr'amie, Trabe, Spina, Cata-
  pulta virllie,  Verpa,  Macha'ra,  Taurua; the
  Yard, 3Tale organ,  Ac. (F.) Verge, Membre viril.
  This organ, the use of which is to carry the semi-
  nal fluid into the female  organs of generation, is
  cylindroid, long, and erectile, and situate  before
  and beneath the symphysis pubis.  In the ordi-
  nary state, it is soft and  pendent  in front  of the
  scrotum.  During erection, it becomes elongated,
  upright,  and assumes a triangular shape.  Its
  upper surface is called  the Doreum penie, (F.)
  Doe  de la verge;  and,  at its anterior surface,
  there is a longitudinal projection  formed  by the
  canal of the urethra.  The two sides of the penis
  are round, and  its posterior extremity or root is
  attached to the pelvis.   Its anterior extremity is
  free, and presents the  glans, prepuce, and orifice
  of the urethra.  The penis is formed of the cor-
  pora cavernosa, th$ principal seat of erection ;
  the corpus spongiosum  of the urethra,  for the
  conveyance  of the urine and sperm ; and of the
  glans, which terminates the canal. The Arteriee
  of the penis are branches of the internal pudic.
  The Veins correspond with the  arteries.  The
  Nervee are from the internal pudic.
    Penis Cerebri, Pineal gland—p. Femineus,
  Clitoris—p. Lipodermus, Paraphimosis—p. Mulie-
  bris. Clitoris.
     PENNATUS, Penniform.
     PEN'NIFORM, Pennifor'mie, Penna'tue, from
  penna, 'a pen,' and forma, 'form.'  An  epithet
  for muscles whose fleshy fibres  are  inserted  at
  the side of  a middle tendon, like the feathers of
  a pen on their common  stalk.
    PENN3YLVA'NIA,   MINERAL WATERS
  OF.  The most celebrated are those of Bedford.
  The Carlisle, Ephrata,  and Yellow Springs are
  Also frequented.
    PENNYCRESS, Thlaspi.
  PENNYROYAL, Mentha pulegium, Hedeoma
pulegioides—p. Hart's, Mentha cervina.
  PENNYWORT,   ASIATIC,   Hydrocotyle
Asiatica.
  PENSACOLA, see Saint Augustine.
  PENSEE, Viola tricolor —p. Sam-ape, Viola
tricolor.
  PENSILIA, Pudibilia.
  PENSY, Viola tricolor.
  PENTAMY'RON, from irtvrt, 'five,'and pvpov,
'ointment'  An  ancient ointment, consisting of
five ingredients.  These are said to have been —
storax, mastich, wax, 6pobalsam, and  unguentum
nardinum.— Paulus,  and Aetius.
  PENTAPHAR'MACON, from   irtvrt,  'five,'
and  ipaopaxov, 'remedy.'   Any medicine consist-
ing of five ingredients.
  PENTAPHYLLUM. Potentilla  reptans.
  PEN'TATEUCH,  (SURGICAL,)   Pentateu'-
chue, from  irtvrt, 'five,' and rtw^oj, 'a  book,'
which signifies the five books of Moses—Genesis,
Exodu3, Leviticus, Numbers,  and  Deuteronomy.
By analogy, some surgeons have given the name
Surgical  Pentateuch  to the division  of  external
diseases into  five classes : — wounds,  ulcers, tu-
mours, luxations, and fractures.
   PENTATH'ETUM,  from  irtvrt,  'five,'  and
 ndtvat, ' to place.'  An ancient plaster consisting
 of five ingredients.
   PENULA,  Ingluvies.
   PENZANCE, CLIMATE  OF.  This  is  the
 chief residence of invalids in Cornwall, England,
 during the winter.  It is situated  on  Mount's
 Bay, about ten miles from the Land's End.  It is
 5A° warmer in winter than London, 2° colder  in
 summer: scarcely 1° warmer in  the  spring, ani
 only about 2£° warmer in the autumn.  It  is a
 very favourable winter residence for the phthisical
 invalid.
   PEONY, Paeonia.
   PEPANSIS, Coetion, Maturation.
   PEPANTICOS, Maturative.
   PEPASMOS, Coetion, Maturation.
   PEPAS'TIC, Pepaa'ticue, from  utiratvu, 'I con-
 coct'  A medicine supposed  to have the power
 of favouring  the concoction  of diseases.  Matu-

   PEPEIRUS, Concocted.
   PEPERI,  Piper.
   PEPINO  (S.).  A encurbitacea, which is culti-
 vated in great abundance in tbe fields of Peru.
 The pulp or edible  part is solid, juicy, and well
 flavoured; but is apt to disagree.
   PEPO, Cucurbita pepo—p. Lagenarius, Cucur-
 bita lagenaria—p. Vulgaris, Cucurbita pepo.
   PEPPER,  BLACK,  Piper nigrum — p.  Cay-
 enne,  Capsicum annuum—p. Chilly, Capsicum
  annuum — p. Cubeb, Piper cubeba—p. Decorti-
  cated, Fulton's, see  Piper nigrum — p. Guinea,
  Capsicum annuum—p. Jamaica, Myrtus Pimento
  —p. Long, Piper longum.
    Pepper Bush, Sweet, Clethra alnifolin.
    Pepper, Malaguet'a.  This  term has  been
  applied to the fruit or  seeds of  several zingibe-
  raceous plants, as well  as to the pimento.  It is
,  usually considered to be synonymous with Grana
  Paradi'ei, Grains ofi Par'adise, and Grana Gttine-
  en'sia, Guinea grains.—Pereira.
    Pepper, Poor-Man's, Polygonum hydropiper
  — p. Tailed, Piper cubeba—p. Turnip,  Arum  tri-
  phyllum—p. Water, Polygonum  hydropiper—p.
  Water,  of America, Polygonum  punctatum — p.
  Wall, Sedum—p. White, Piper album.
    PEPPERWORT, Lepidium.
    PEPSIN, Pepeine, Peps'inum,  Chy'moein, Gas-
  tfrase, Diges'tive Prin'ciple, from rtipts,' coetion,'
  ' digestion.'   A peculiar organic matter, which, in
  combination with tha gastric acids, is considered
  to  form  the proper digestive  solvent.   Its chemi- 
PEPSINUM
69d
PERIJERESIS
jal constitution is unknown.. It would appear
that its presence is necessary to induce changes in
the elements of the food, which may enable the
gastric  acids to act upon  them so as to form
chyme.
   PEPSJNUM, Pepsin.
   PEPSIS, Coetion, Digestion.
   PEPTIC, Pep'ticue,  from irttrrtis,  'I  ripen,' 'I
digest'  An agent that promotes digestion, or is
digestive.  Also, applied adjectively to an article
of food that is easy of digestion.
•   Peptic Persuader, see  Pilulae aloes et Kinae
Kinae.
   PEPTONE.   A presumed definite combination
between the solvent fluid in the  stomach, and al-
buminous matters  received into  the organ as ali-
ments.   The same as Albuminose.
   PER, 'by or through,'  in composition often
gives intensity to the signification: as pertuasia, a
violent cough.
   •PERACUTUS,  Catoxys.
   PERARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis.
   PERATODYNIA, Cardialgia.
   PERCE-CRANE, Perforator.
   PER CE-FE UIL L £,Bupleurum rotundifolium.
   PERCE-3IOUSSE,  Polytrichum.
   PERCE-MURAILLE, Parietaria.
   PERCE-PIERRE, Crithmum maritimum.
   PERCEP'TA, from percipere, perceptum, (per,
and capio,)' to perceive,'' receive.'   A word used
by some writers on hygiene to indicate, in a gene-
ral manner, the effects  of the nervous action on
the animal  economy; in other words, the sensa-
tions, the functions of the  mind, and their dete-
rioration or privation.
   PERCEPTIBILITY, see Sensibility.
   PERCEP'TION,  Per'cep'tio.   Same etymon.
The appreciation which the brain has of an im-
pression made upon  an organ of sense.
   PERCEPTIVITY.  Same  etymon. The power
of perception.
   PERCOLATIO, Filtration, Percolation.
   PERCOLA'TION, Percola'tio, from percolare,
 percolatum, (per, and colore,)'to strain through.'
                               The terms per-
                               colation and die-
                               placement   are
                               applied in phar-
                               macy  to an ope-
                               ration     which
                               consists in pla-
                               cing  any  sub-
                               stance, the vir-
                               tues  of  which
                               have  to  be  ex-
                               tracted   by   a
                               menstruum, in a
                               funnel-shaped
                               instrument, hav-
ing a septum perforated with holes, or its tube
 stuffed with cotton or tow,  and pouring fresh
 portions of the menstruum upon it until  all  its
 virtues  have  been extracted.   The operation is
 used in the formation of certain infusions, ex-
 tracts,  tinctures, Ac.
   An instrument used for this purpose is called a
 dieplacer or percolator.
   PERCOLATOR, see Percolation.
   PERCUSS.   Percu'tere, Percueeion, (per, and
quatere, 'to strike,') (F.) Percitter, Frapper. Same
 etymon, as the next.   To  strike upon with the
view of appreciating  the  resulting sound.  To
practise percussion.
   PERCUS'SION, Epicrou'iia, Percue'aio.  When
immediate or direct percussion is  made on  the
 chest or abdomen, the more  or  less  perfect reso-
nance is an index of the state  of the contained
Displacer or Percolator.
organs; and the physician is  thus aided in faia
diagnosis.  For this purpose the chest may  be
struck with the fingers, gathered into a bundle,
and their tips placed upon a level.  It  is better,
however, to employ mediate percueeion, which
consists in interposing,  between the point of the
fingers and  the  chest,  the finger of the  other
hand, or a Plexim'eter,  and striking  this instead
of the naked chest.
  Percussion, Auscultatory, see Acouophonia.
  PERCUTER, Percuss.
  PERCUTEUR   COURBE  A 31 ARTE AU,
(F.)   An instrument used by Baron  Heurteloup
in the operation of lithotomy, in which a ham-
mer is employed instead of a screw, to force to-
gether the blades of the instrument on the foreign
body.
  PERDO'NIUM.  A  medicated wine  of herbs.
—Paracelsus.
  PERETERIUM, Trepan.
  PERETORIUM, Trepan.
  PER'FORANS, from perforare, (per, and /o
rare,) ' to bore through.'  A name given to diffe-
rent muscles, whose tendons pass through inter-
vals between the fibres  or tendons of  other mus-
cles; thence  called perforated.  See Flexor
Longus Digitorum, Ac.  Under the name Per-
forating Ar'teriee, are included, 1. In the hand—
arterial  branches,  given, off  by the  profound
palmar  arch, which traverse the muscles and in-
terosseous spaces.   2. In the thigh—three or four
arteries,  furnished by  the profunda,  which  pass
through  the openings  of the abductor magnus.
3. In the foot—the anterior and superior branchei
of the plantar arch.
  Perforans Casserii, see  Cutaneous — p. Ma-
nfls, Flexor profundus  perforans — p. Profundus,
Flexor longus  digitorum  pedis profundus perfo-
rans.
  PERFORATED  SPOT, Locus perforatus.
  PERFORATING ARTERIES, see Perforans.
  PERFORATIO, Perforation — p.   Cranii,  see
Perforator — p. Intestinorum,  Enterobrosis — p.
Ventriculi, Gastrobrosis.
  PERFORA'TION, Perfiora'tia, Anatre'eie, Di-
atre'sia.  Same etymon as  Perforans.  An acci-
dental opening in the continuity of organs, either
from an external or internal cause.
  Perforation, Paracentesis—p. de I'Eatomac,
Gastrobrosis—p. dee Inteetine, Enterobrosis — p.
Uteri, Uterus,  rupture of the.
  PER'FORATOR, Perforatorium,  (F.) Perce-
crane.   An instrument for  opening the head of
the foetus in utero, when it is necessary to dimi-
nish its size.  The  operation is called Cephalo-
tom'ia, Perfiora'tia cra'nii.
  PERFORATORIUM, Perforator.
  PERFORA'TUS.    That which   is  pierced.
Anatomists  have given  this  name  to  muscles
whose fibres or  tendons  separate to suffer other
parts to pass through them.  Such are the Flexor
brevia digitorum pedis, F.  sublimis  perforatus,
and Coraco-brachialie.   Also,  to parts that are
perforated for any  purpose — as the substantia
perfora'ta of the brain.
  Perforatus Casserii, Coraco-brachialis.
  PERFRICTIO,  Perfirige'rium,   Catapsyx'is,
Peripeyx'ie, from perfirigere, perfirictum, (per, and
frigere,) 'to shiver with cold.'  Considerable re-
frigeration.  Great sense of cold : — shivering.
  PERFRIGERATIO, see Rigor.
  PERFRIGERIUM,  Perfrictio.
  PERFUSIO,  Fomentation—p.  Frigida,  se«
Affusion.
  PERI, ntpi, 'about, on all sides, round about
An augmentative prefix.  Hence :
  PERLE'RESIS, from peri, and atptte, 'I take
away.'  A  sort  of  circular  incision, which  the
ancients made in the neighbourhood of large ab- 
PERIALGIA              691            PERICYSTITIS
loesses.   The periseresis is now only practised in
some cases of tumours.
  PERIAL'GIA, from peri,  and aXyos,  'pain.' !
A very violent pain.
  PERIAMMA, Amuletum.
  PERIAPTON, Amuletum.
  PERIBLAST, Periplast, (F.) PSriblaete, from
trtpi, ' around,' and (iXuoros, ' a germ.'  The amor-
phous matter, which surrounds the endoblaet, en-
doplast, (F.) Endoblaete or cell nucleus, and  un-
dergoes  segmentation.
  PERIBLEMA, Catablema.
  PERIBLEP'SIS, from  peri,  and  PXt™,  'I
look.'  The wild look that accompanies delirium.
—Foesius.
  PERIB'OLE. from TrtptjiaXXia, (irtpt, and (3aXXui),
' I surround.'  The dress of a person.  The peri-
cardium.  Also, the translation  of morbific mat-
ters towards the surface of the body.
  PERIBRO'SIS, Pericra'ei8, from ircpt(}pu>oKtj>,
(irtpi, and PpwoKio,' I eat,') ' I eat around.' Ulce-
ration or erosion at the corners of the eyelids.
  PERICARDIAC,  Pericardial,  Pericardi'a-
ctt8 ; same etymon as Pericardium.  Relating to
the pericardium,—as 'pericardial murmur,' 'pe-
ricardial  effusion,' 'pericardial  arteries,  veins,'
Ac, Ac.
  PERICARDIAL, Pericardiac.
  PERICARDI'TIS, from pericardium, and itia,
denoting inflammation ; Inflamma'tio seu Pleuri'-
ti8 pericardii, Cardltie exter'na seu eero'ea  seu
membrano'ea, Exocardltie, Inflammation of the
pericardium, (F.) PSricardite, Inflammation du
PSricarde.  This is probably the proper appella-
tion for most of those cases which have received
the names of Carditie, Cardipericardltie,  Cardo-
perijurdltie, and  Cardiopericardltie.   Along
with signs of pyrexia, the local symptoms  resem-
ble those of  pneumonia.  Those which point out
that the pericardium  is the  seat of disease, are
the following:—pain, referred to the  region of the
heart, or the scrobiculus cordis,—sometimes pun-
gent, at others, dull and heavy: palpitation, ac-
companied with  spasmodic  twitchings  in  the
neighbourhood  of the heart, shooting up to  the
left shoulder; pulsation, and  sometimes soreness
of the carotids, with tinnitus aurium andvertjgo;
the breathing is by catches; dyspnoea conside-
rable; pulse jarring, jerking, peculiar; the  tongue
white, covered with a mucous coat, and the  skin
often bathed in sweat, as  in  acute  rheumatism.
The physical signs during the first period  are as
follows.  The  action of the  heart  is generally
evident  to the eye, and may be felt by the hand.
There is soreness to the touch over the intercos-
tal spaces, and  over a small surface in the epi-
gastric region, when the pressure is  directed  up-
wards towards  the pericardium.  Percussion is
usually  natural, but at times there is dulness.
On  auscultation, the  cardiac  movements  are
found to  be frequent, abrupt, jerking, and tu-
multuous ; often irregular and intermittent.  The
pulse presents corresponding characters.  When
effusion of lymph has occurred,  percussion may
be negative,  or  be but slightly affected.  On aus-
cultation,  in addition  to  the preceding signs,
there may be one or more of the rubbing  or fric-
tion bruits resembling the rustling of parchment,
or of a  sawing or rasping character.   In some
cases, the sound is  like  the creaking of  new
leather.  This  has been supposed to  be  patho-
gnomonic of effused lymph.  The most important
jioint in the  pathology of pericarditis is its con-
nexion with  acute rheumatism; and it forms  one
of the most  dangerous occurrences  in the latter
disease.  It  may be  acute or chronic: in either
case, it is, of course, formidable.  The most act-
ive depletion must be used,- with large doses of
opium, counter-irritants, and all  the  means re-
quired in the most violent internal  inflamma-
tions.
  Pericarditis  Exsudatoria  Sanguinolenta,
Hasmopericardium.
  PERICAR'DIUM,  Pericar'dion,"  Perib'ole,
3Iembra'na  Cor   circupiplex'a,  Involu't-^tm seu
Ar'cula seu Capsa seu  Cap'eula seu Can''era feu
Indumen'tum seu Pannic'ulue seu Membra'na seu
Theca seu Saccus seu Sac'culue seu Scrotum seu
Vagina  seu Vesica seu Area seu  Thalamus re-
ga'lis sen Amphiee'ma seu Bursa  Cordia, Sac or
Capaule ofi the Heart, (F.)  PSribarde; from peri,
and  xapita,  'the heart'  The pericardium is a
membranous sac, which  envelopes the heart,"and
the arterial and venous  trunks that pass from or
into it.  It is seated in the separation  of the me-
diastinum, above the central aponeurosis  of the
diaphragm,  to which it strongly  adheres. Its
shape is  triangular, like that  of  the heart, to
which it is fitted.  The  pericardium is composed
of two membranes :—the one—external—fibrou^;
the other—internal—serous.   The  latter, having
lined  the inner surface  of the external layer, is
reflected  over  the heart, and covers it entirely;
without, however, having the heart within  it; in
which arrangement  it  resembles  other  serous
membranes.  The pericardium envelops the heart;
retains it in position, and facilitates its  move-
ments by means  of the serous fluid contained in
its cavity—Cavum pericardii—and secreted by
the membrane — Liquor seu Aqua seu Humor seu
Lympha  seu  Uri'na Pericardii,  Hydrocar'dia,
which it contains in greater or less  quantity.
  The arteriee of the pericardium are small, and
derived from the superior phrenic, anterior me-
diastinal  and bronchial.  The veine accompany
them, and open  into  the  brachio-cephalic.  No
nerves have been traced  to it.  The lymphatics
enter  the lymphatic glands that  surround the
vena cava superior.
  PERICARPIUM, Epicarpium.
  PERICHOLIA, Polycholia.
  PERICHONDRITIS, Inflamma'tio pcrichoil-
drii, from perichondrium,  and itie, denoting in-
flammation.  Inflammation of the perichondrium :
hence Perichondritis larynge'a;—Inflammation
of the perichondrium covering the larynx,
  PERICHONDRIUM, (F.) PSrichondre, from
peri,  and ^onfyof, 'a cartilage.'  A  membrane of
a fibrous  nature, which covers cartilages that are
non-articular, and bears considerable analogy to
the periosteum in organization and uses.
  PERICIIRISIS, Circumlitio, Liniment.
  PERICHRISTON, Circumlitio, Liniment
  PERICLA'SIS, from peri, and xXaoi, 'I break.
A comminuted fracture, with denudation  of the
bone.  — Galen. Foesius.
  PERICLYMENUM,  Lonicera  periclymenum
— p. Vulgare, Lonicera periclymenum.
  PERICNE'MIA, from  peri,  and  xvnpn, 'the
leg.'   The parts surrounding the tibia;—the tibia
itself.
  PERICOLONI'TIS, Pericolitis, from peri, and
colonitie.   Inflammation  of the areolar tissue sur-
rounding the colon.
  PERICOLPITIS, from peri, koXitos, 'vagina,'
and itie,  denoting inflammation.   Inflammation
of the areolar tissue surrounding the va<rina.
  PERICRANKEDE'MA,  from   pericranium,
and otinpa, 'a swelling.'  a;<K*n:;i  of the   head,
owing to  fluid effused under the pericranium.
  PERICRA'NIUM, Pericra'nion,' Pericra'nia,
(F.) PSricrane, from peri,  and xpaviov, ' the cra-
nium.'  The periosteum, which covers the  cra-
nium  externally.
  PERICRASIS, Peribrosis.
  PERICYSTITIS, from  .peri, mans, 'the blad-
der,' and  itie, denoting inflammation.  Inflam- 
PERIDERIA               695           PERIODOSCOPE
 mation of the areolar tissue separating the blad-
 der from  the neighbouring parts.
   PERIDER'IA, from peri, and itpn, 'the neck.'
 Tuisting ofthe cord round the neck of the child.
   PERIDI^'MIC,  Perides'micus;  from peri,
 and ittuyos, ' a ligament'  Some nosologists have
 given  this, name to ischuria caused by a ligature
 round the penis or by stricture of the urethra.
   PEllIDES'MIUM, from peri, and ilapos, 'liga-
 ment.'  The delicate areolar tissue  covering  a
 ligament.
   PERIDIASTOLE, see Diastole.
   PEK1DIDYME, see Testicle.
   PERID'ROMUS,  from peri, and ipom,  'a
 course.'  The extreme circumference ofthe hairs
 of the head. — Gorraeus.
   PERIEfTICOS, Salutary.
   PE1UGLOTTIS, Epiglottic gland: see Tongue.
   PERIG'RAPHE,  from irtpiypatpu, (irtpi, and
 ypaipta, ' I write,') ' I  circumscribe.'  The  apo-
 neurotic intersections ofthe rectus abdominis are
 so called.—Vesalius.
   PERIHEPATITIS, see Hepatitis.
   PERILARYNGI'TIS, from peri,  larynx, and
 itia, denoting inflammation.  Inflammation ofthe
 areolar tissue surrounding the'larynx, which not
 unfrequently ends in perilaryngeal abacesa.
   PERILYMPH, Cotunnius, liquor of.
   PERIMYELITIS, Meningitis, spinal.
   PERIMYSIUM, Faa'cia, from peri, and pvs,
 'a muscle.'   The areolar membrane or sheath —
 vagina muacula'ris—that surrounds a muscle, or
 its fasciculi.   The sheath of the whole muscle is
 termed Perimyaium externum;  of the  fasciculi,
 Perimysium internum.
   PERIN,  Peria, from trtpa, 'a  sac or  pouch.'
 With some, this means the scrotum ; with others,
 the testicle ; with others, the vagina;  with others,
 tbe peritonaeum; and with others, the anus.
   PERINEOCELE,  Hernia, perineal.
   PERIN.EOR'RHAPHY,   Perinmorrhaph'ia,
 from neptvatov,  'perinaeum,'  and  paipn,  'suture.'
 Suture of the perinaeum, (F.)  Suture du PSrinSe,
 in  cases of laceration of the same.
   PERIN^E'UM,  Interfiemiileum,  Interfiaemin'-
 eum,  Interfceinin'ium, Interfce'mina, Iter femiil-
 eum, Perie, Perin, Perineum, Greaau'ra, Plechaa,
 Am'])hiplex, Peche'deon, 3Ieaos'celon,  3Iesos'celus,
 Perine'oit, Perina'oe, Perine'oa, Tramia, Taurus,
 Intcrfioramine'um, Cocho'ne, Pliehos, 3Iesome'rion,
 Foemen,  lie'gio Perina'i, (F.) Perinee,  (irnpiv,
 trnptvos,  ' the  scrotum'  [?].)  The  space  at  the
 inferior region ofthe  trunk, between the ischiatic
 tuberosities,  anus, and genital organs.   It is
 smaller in the female than in the male ; has  a
 triangular shape, and is divided into two equal
 parts by a median line, called Raphe.  It is oc-
 casionally ruptured in labour.   At times, it has
 been  made  to extend posteriorly as far as the os
 coccygis.  The  part between the pudendum and
 anus is sometimes called ante'rior perina'um, to
 distinguish it from that which extends  from the
 anus to the coccyx, called poste'rior perina'um.
   PERINEUS, Perineal.
   PERINE'AL, Perina'us,  Perinaa'lis, Peri-
 tieillis.  That  which  relates  or belongs  to  the
 perinieum; as Perineal artery, P. hernia, Ac.
   Perineal Aponeurosis, P. Fascia.
   Perlvf.al  Artery, Arte'ria  perinaa'lis, Su-
 perficial  artery ofi the Perinm'um.  A branch of
 the internal pudic distributed to the perinaeum.
   Perineal   Cutaneous  Nerve,  see   Sciatic
 nerve,  lesser.
   Perineal Fas'cia, Faa'cia Perina'i, Perine'al
apoiteuro'aia.   The fascia?,—superficial and deep-
seated—Perine'al lig'ament—Camper's ligament,
 Trian'gular lig'ament,—which belong to the peri-
naeum.
  Perine'al Fossa, Fossa perina'i, Ischio-rectal
fio88a.  A conical fossa, the base of which cor-
responds with the skin ; is formed antericrly by
the transversus  perinaei muscle;  behind, by the
inferior border of the glutaeus maximus;  inter-
nally, by the levator ani; and externally, by the
tuber ischii.   It is filled up  with  fat and fibrous
striaa.
  Perineal  Ischuria, Ischu'ria  Perinea'Ha.  A
name given  by  Sauvages to retention of urine,
caused by a tumour seated in the perinaeum.
  Perineal  Ligament, see  P. fascia.
  Perineal  Nerve.   A braneh  of the internal
pudic; which is  mainly distributed to the per^
naoum and scrotum of the male; and to the  vulva
and perinaeum of the female.
  Perineal  Region, Perinaeum.
  Perineal  Section,  Sec'tio  periaaa'lie.  An
incision into  the perinaeum for  the cure of  stric-
ture of the urethra.
  PERINEE, Perinceum.
  PERINEPHRITIS,  (F.) Phlegmon  pSrinS-
phrStique,  from peri,  vtfpos, 'kidney,' and itie,
denoting inflammation.   Inflammation ofthe ex-
ternal areolar and fibrous membranes of the kid-
ney, or of their investing adipose areolar tissue.
  PERINEPHRUS, see Kidney.
  PERINEURION, Neurilemma:
  PERINEVRE, Neurilemma.
  PERINYCTIDES, vrtpi.and vif, vvxros, 'night.'
An eruption appearing at night and disappearing
by  day.—Erotian.
  PE'RIOD, Pe'riodiie, Periodela, Periodeu'eie,
Sta'dium, Cireu'itus, (F.) PSriode, from peri, and
'oios, 'way;' Circuit.  Periode are the different
phases or revolutions  of a disease, — the epochs
which are distinguishable in the course of a dis-
ease.   Three periods  are commonly enumerated.
1. The augmentation, increaee,  or progrese, (lu-
cremen'tum;)  2. The  acme or height,  (F.) Etat
(Status;)  and,  3. The  decline  (Decrementum.)
Some authors reckon only the  invasion and ter-
mination.
  Period is sometimes used  in  describing an in-
termittent,  for the time between  the commence-
ment of a  paroxysm and that of the next, in-
cluding the fit as well as interval.
  Periods, Monthly, Menses.
  PERIODEIA, Period.
  PERIODEUSIS, Period.
  PERIODEUTES, Charlatan.
  PERIODICITY, Periodic" it aa. Rhythm, (F.)
PeriodicitS.   Same  etymon.   The aptitude of
certain  physiological and  pathological  pheno-
mena, in health or disease, to recur at particular
periods, after longer  or shorter intervals, during
which they cease completely.  Diseases, thus re-
curring, are  called periodical  or rhyClinical —
Typo'aee.
  PERIODOL'OGY,  Periodo!og"ia,  from irtpi
oios, 'a course or circuit,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'
The doctrine of periodicity in health and disease
  PERIODONTITIS, (F.)  PSriodontite, Inflam-
mation  de  la 3Iembrane  alvSolo-dentaire,  from
peri, and oi ,vs, oiovros,  'a tooth.'  Inflammation
of the membrane that lines the  socket of a tooth.
  Periodontitis  Gingivarum,  Ulitis.
  PERIOD'OSCOPE,  from  ntpioios, «a period,'
and oKoirtia,  'I view.'   An instrument, proposed
by Dr. Tyler Smith, for the  ready calculation of
the periodical functions of the  sex.  It consists
of a movable circular dial, upon  which the months
and days are engraved, fixed on  a pivot in the
centre of a  large  plate on which are numbered
the different conditions  «f the reproductive  sys-
tem, as conception, abortion, premature  labour,
hemorrhage, labour, Ac.  By a  knowledge ofthe
date of conception, say November 14th, and fixing 
PERIODUS LUNARIS        69
the movaole plate opposite the point on the fixed I
plate which  indicates conception, the observer is
t abled, at once, to see, that, allowing 2S0 days
f(v ■ gestation, labour may be expected about  the
20th of August  The dial is made of card-board,
and is  affixed to a small volume, in which its uses
and applications are explained.
  PERIODUS  LUNARIS,  see  Menses—p.
Morbi, Type — p. Sanguinis, Circulation.
   PERIODYN'IA, from peri, and oivw,  'pain.'  |
A violent and extensive pain.
   PERIONE, Decidua.
   PERIOR'BITA, Perios'teitm  or'bita, (F.)  PS-
riorbite, from peri, and orbita,  'the  orbit'  An
appellation  used,  by some, for the periosteum
lining the orbit, which is a continuation of the
dura mater.  The inflammation of this periosteum
 is termed Periorbltis or Periorbitltis, and In-
 flamma'tio  pcrios'tei or'bita.
   PER10RBITIS, see Periorbita.
   PERIORBITITIS, see Periorbita.
   PERIOSTEITIS. see Periostitis.
   PERIOSTEOPHYTE, from  periosteum,  and
 tpvu>,  'I  grow.'   An  osseous  formation,  com-
 mencing  in the periosteum.
   PERIOSTEUM,  Perios'teon, Perios'teos, Pe-
 rios'tium, Circumosaa'le, Membra'na 08si8, Omen'-
 tttm oe'eium,  Circumosea'lie 31embra'na, (F.) PS-
 rioete, from peri, and oartov, 'a  bone.'  The peri-
 osteum is a fibrous, white, resisting medium, which
 surrounds  the  bones  every where, except the
 teeth  at their corona?, and the parts of other bones
 that are covered with cartilage.  The external
 surface is united, in a more or less intimate man-
 ner, to the neighbouring  parts  by areolar tissue.
 Its  inner surface covers the bone,  whose depres-
 sions it  accurately follows.  It is united  to the
 bone  by small, fibrous prolongations; and, espe-
 cially, by a prodigious quantity of vessels, which
 penetrate their substance.  The periosteum unites
 the bones  to the neighbouring parts.   It assists
 in their growth, either by furnishing, at its inner
 surface, as M. B6clard demonstrated, an  albumi-
 nous  exudation, which becomes cartilaginous, and
 at length ossifies ;—or by supporting the vessels,
 which penetrate them to carry the  materials  of
 their nutrition.  See Medullary membrane.
   Periosteum  Internum,  Medullary membrane
 — p. Orbitae, Periorbita.
   PERIOSTITIS, Perioeteltie, Inflamma'tio pe-
 rioa'tei,  from periosteum, and itia,  denoting in-
  flammation.  Inflammation of the periosteum.
   PERIOS'TO-MEDULLITIS,  (F.)  PSriosto-
  medullite,  from periosteum, medulla,  'marrow,'
  and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation.  Simul-
  taneous  inflammation of the periosteum and me-
  dulla spinalis. — Gerdy.
    PERIOSTO'SIS, (F,) PSriostoae.  Tumour of
  the periosteum.  Tumours are so  called which
  are developed on bones, and formed by their outer
  membrane.  These  tumours  are  more  rapidly
  developed, have a less degree of consistence, and
  sooner disperse than exostoses, which  they  re-
  semble greatly.
    PERIOSTOSTEITIS, (F.)  PSrioetoetSite, from
  perioateum, oartov, 'a bone,' and itie, denoting in-
  flammation.  Simultaneous inflammation of the
  periosteum and bone.— Gerdy.
    PERIPHERAD, see Peripheral aspect
    PERIPH'ERAL, Peripheric, Peripher'ical ;
  from peri, and tptpie, 'I bear.'  Relating or apper-
  taining  to tbe periphery or circumference.
    Peripheral Aspect.   An aspect towards the
  circumference  of an  organ.—Barclay.   Periph'-
  erad is  used by the  same writer adverbially to
  signify 'towards the peripheral aspect'
    PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SYSTEM, Ca-
  pillary system.
PERISTOLE"
  PERIPHIMOSIS, Paraphimosis.
  PERIPLAST, Periblast.
  PERIPLEUMONTA, Peripneumonia.
  PERIPLOCA INDICA, Heuiidesjaus Ir,dicu«
— p. Mauritiana, see Scammony.   9
  PERIP'LYSIS, from^ert, and tt\vats,m t\\e act
of washing;' Proflu'vium.  A  copious dischargr
from any part, especially from the bowels.
  PERIPNEUMONIA,  Periplettmo'nia, Peri-
pneumonltie, True peripneu'mony, from ;>eri, and
irvtvpmv,  'the lung.'  Inflammation of the sub-
stance of the lungs.  See Pneumonia.
  Peripneumonia  Bilio'sa.   Inflammation  of
the lungs, accompanied with bilious fever.
  Peripneumonia Catarrha'lis.  Bronchitis or
pulmonary catarrh,  with pain in some part of the
chest.  Peripneumonia notha.
  Peripneumonia  Notha, P. epu'ria seu pitui-
to'ea  seu catarrha'lie, Pneumo'nia notha, Peeudo-
peripneumonia, Peeudo-pneumonia, Pseudo-pneu-
monltie, Bronchoc'ace, lilennotho'rax. Obatruc'tw
pulmo''numpitttito'ea febri'lie, Bronchi'tie aatheil-
ica, Falee  or Bastard Peripneu'mony,  (F.) PS-
ripiieumonie bdtarde on fiauese, Fausse pneumonic
An inexact, name,  under which some affections
are comprised  that resemble pneumonia; and,
especially  chronic  bronchitis  with pleurodynia.
See Bronchitis  (chronic.)
   Peripneumonia Pituitosa, P. notha.
   PERIPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia.
   PERIPNEUMONY, Pneumonia —p. Bastard,
 Peripneumonia notha.
   Pehipneumony, Latent. Peripneumony whose
 symptoms  are so obscure as to be recognised with
 difficulty.
   PERIPROCTITIS, from  treat,  'around,' and
 TTpoiKros, 'the anus.'  Inflammation ofthe areolar
 tissue surrounding  the rectum.
   PERIPSYXIS, Catapsyxis, Perfrictio.
   PERIPYE'MA,  from peri, and  irvov,  'pus.
' Suppuration around an organ; — a tooth for ex-
 ample.
   PERIRRH03'A, Perir'rhoe, from  peri, and
 ptto,  'I flow.'  Afflux of fluids from  every point
 of the body towards an organ which has to remove
 them from  the economy.  Also, enuresis.
   PERIS,  Perin.
   PERISCELIS, Jarretilre.
   PERISCYPHISMUS, Periscythismus.
   PERISCYTHIS'MUS,  Periacy'thieie,  Peri-
 ecytie'mne,  Periecy'tieia,  Periecy'phieie, Peri-
I eeyphiemtte, Scalping, from peri,  and  YxvOns, 'a
j Scythian,' that is,  'scalping after the manner of
 the Scythians.'  An operation described by Pau.
j lus of jEgina.  It  consisted of an incision madti
 around the cranium,  and was employed in ha.
 bitual weakness of the eyes, pains  of the head,
  Ac.
    PERISPHAL'SIS, Cireumdttc'tio, from peri,
  and o<l>uXXia, T move.'   A  circular  motion im-
  pressed on a luxated bone, for the purpose of re-
  ducing it.
    PERISSODACTYLUS, Polydactylus.
    PERISPLENITIS, see Splenitis.
    PERISTALTIC, Systaltic —p. Action, Peris-
  tole.
    PERISTAPHYLINUS EXTERNUS, Circum-
  flexus musculus—p. Inferior, Circumflexus mus-
  culus — p. Internus, Levator palati.
    PERISTERA ANCEPS,  Pelargonium anccps.
    PERISTERIUM, Verbena officinalis.
    PERISTER'NA, from peri, and  artpvov, 'the
  sternum.'  The lateral parts of the chest.
    PERISTOLE,  31otue Periatal'ticus  sen com-
  preeeo'riue seu vermicula'rie seu teetudiilene, from
  peri,  and artXXu,  ' I contract,' ' I  close.'  The
  perietaltic. action ofthe intestines, Motus peristaP-
  ticus,  (F.) 3touvement pfrietaltique.  It consists
li of a kind of undulation or vermicular movement,, 
PERISTOMA             697            PEROCORMUS
in appearance irregular, but in which the circular
fibres of the muscular membrane of the intestine
contract successively, from above downwards, in
proportion ^s the chyme advances in the alimen-
tary  canal:  so  that, being  compressed above,
it is  pushed into  the next portion of the intes-
tine,  whose fibres are in a state  of relaxation.
When the fibres contract inversely, they occasion
an antiperistaltic action.  The  peristaltic action
is involuntary, and is not under tbe immediate
influence of  either brain  or spinal marrow.  It
continues for some time after death.
   PERISTOMA, Peristroma.
   PERISTOMIUM, Mouth.
   PERISTRO'MA, Perie'toma, 3Ine'cne villo'eus,
 Crusta membrana'eea seu vermieula'ris, from peri,
 and orpoivwpt, ' to spread.'  The villous or mucous
 coat of the intestines.—Castelli.
   PERISYSTOLE, from peri, and avaroXn, 'con-
 traction.'  The  interval  that exists between the
 systole and  diastole of the heart, which is  only
 perceptible in the dying.—Bartholine.
   PERITERION, TrSpan perforatifi.
   PERITESTIS, Albuginea.
   PERITOINE, Peritonaeum.
   PERITOME, Circumcision.
   PERITONiEREX'IS,  Peritonaorex'ie,   from
 peritonaum, and pnyvvui. ' to  break.'  Hernia
 formed by the rupture of the peritona'um.
   PERITONE'UM, Peritone'um,  Peritona'on,
 Peritonei'on,Peritona'oe, Peritoni'on, Peritone'oe,
  Velamen'tum ubdomina'le, Tu'nica praten'ea seu
 Operimen'tum prateneum seu 3Iembra'na abdonl-
 inie, Pagoa,  Siphar, Syphar, Zepach, Ziphac, (F.)
 PSritoine,  from peri, and rtivui, 'I stretch.'  A
 serous  membrane, which lines  tbe abdominal
 cavity, Peritona'um parietd'le, extends over the
 greater part of the organs contained there, Peril -
 onaum inteetina'le seu viecera'le,  envelops them
 wholly or in part, and maintains their respective
 relations by means of different prolongations and
 ligamentous  folds:—the  meeentery,  epiploon,
 meaocolon, Ac.  Like all the serous membranes,
 the peritoneum, except in the female, is a sort of
 sac without aperture, which covers the abdominal
 organs,  without containing them  within it, and
 the internal surface of which is smooth, and lu-
 bricated by  a serous fluid.  In the male foetus,
 the peritonaeum furnishes a prolongation, which
 accompanies the testicle at the time of its descent,
 and, in the female fcetus, forms the  Canal of Nuck.
 Below  the neck of the gall-bladder, the perito-
 naeum has a triangular opening, called the Fora-
 men or Hiatus of Winelow, through which it pro-
 ceeds behind the stomach, to form a sort of se-
 condary cavity, called the poeterior cavity ofi the
  peritonaum, (F.) Arrilre cavitS pSritonSale ou
  CavitS dee Epiploone.
   Peritonjbum  Duplicatfm,  Epiploon, gastro-
 colic.
   PERITONE'AL, Peritona'ue.    That which
 appertains or relates to the peritoneum.
   PERITONITE,  Peritonitis —p. PuerpSrale,
 see Peritonitis.
   PERITONITIS, Empree'ma seu  Cauma Peri-
 tonitie, Peritonaltie, Inflamma'tio seu Phleg'-
 mone Peritona'i, Phlegmasia  or Inflammation
 ofi the  Peritona'um, from peritoneum, and itie,
 denoting  'inflammation.'  (F.) PSritonite, In-
 flammation  du  PSritoine.  The  characteristic
 signs of acute inflammation of the peritonaeum
 Brc, — violent pain in the abdomen, increased by
 the slightest pressure, often by the simple weight
 of the  bed-clothes.  It  generally occurs in the
 parturient state; Lochoperitoni'tie, and begins on
 the second or third day after delivery. At times,
 a malignant epidemic,  and perhaps contagious,
.variety has made its appearance, and destroyed
numbers  of females.   This has  been described
under the name Puer'peral Fever, 3IetroperHonl
tia, Ene'cia Syn'ochua Puerpera'rum, (F.) PSri-
tonite  puerpSrale,  3IStropSritonite  puerpSrale,
Fiivre puerpSrale, TyjttuepuerpSral, Erythemal-
ic or Nonpla8'tic Puerperal Peritonitie,  Typho-
ha'mic  Peritoni'tie,  Adynam'ie or  3Ialig'nant
Puer'peral Fever, Low Fever of Childbed.  It is,
according to some, a malignant inflammation  of
the peritoneum and uterus ; according to others,
a  Uterine Phlebitie.   In any  form  it  requires
active treatment,  early  employed.    The  ap-
pearances on dissection are such as occur when-,
ever a serous membrane has been  inflamed, and
such inflammation has produced death:—effusion
of fluid with flakes  of coagulable  lymph in  it;
appearances of vascularity, Ac, in the membrane.
The treatment—in active peritonitis—must con-
sist  of the same course  as recommended under
Enteritis.  In the chronic kind, symptoms must
be combated as they arise, and it may be ad-
visable to excite a new action in  the system by
means of mercury.  In the epidemic and malig-
nant variety, unless  bleeding be freely employed
at the very outset, it does harm.  If  used early,
it is  of  decided  advantage.  Everything  de-
pends upon arresting the morbid process at the
outset.
   Peritonitis, Erythematic, see  Peritonitis —
p. Hepatica,  see  Hepatitis — p. Nonplastic, see
Peritonitis — p. Puerperal, see Peritonitis — p.
Typhohaemic, see Peritonitis.
   PERITTOMA, Excrement
   PERITYPHLITIS; from peri,  and  typhlitie,
inflammation of the caecum.  Inflammation  of
the  areolar substance  surrounding  the  caecum.
See  Typhlo-enteritis.
   PERI-UTERINE, Peri-uteri'nue,  badly com-
pounded from peri,  and uterue. That which is
situated  around the uterus;  hence "periuterine
inflammation" or "periuterine phlegmon,"—in-
flammation of the  areolar tissue  around  the
uterus.
   PERIWINKLE, LESSER,  Vinca  minor.
   PERIZO'MA, from irtpt^mvvvitt, (irtpi, and fav-
wpt, 'to gird,) 'to gird around.'  A  bandage; a
girdle.   In Fabricius Hildanus, a truss.   Herpes
zoster.   The diaphragm.
   PER'KINISM.  A therapeutical  means, first
employed  by Dr. Elisha Perkins, of  Norwich,
Connecticut,  towards the termination of the  last
century, and named after him.  It  consisted in
drawing over affected  or other parts the pointed
extremities of two metallic rods, called Metallic
 Tractore, each  made of  a different metal.  The
success obtained, was  through the influence of
the  imagination ; and, consequently, as a reme-
dial agent, it ranks as high as animal magnetism,
but  no higher.  The operation was, also, qalled
 Tractora' tion.
   PER'KINIST.  A believer in and  practiser of
Perkinism.
   PERKINISTIC.   Relating or belonging to
Perkinism.
   PERLA. Pearl, Paralampsis.
   PERLE, Pearl.
   PERMISTIO, Coition.
   PERMIXTIO, Coition.
   PERMOTIO, Motion.
   PERNICIEUX, Deleterious.
   PERNICIOSUS, Deleterious.
   PERNIO,  Chilblain.
   PERNOCTATIO, Insomnia.
   PEROCEPH'ALUS,  from  trnpos, 'deficient,
and KtipaXn, ' head.'  A monster with a defective
head.
   PEROCOR'MUS, from trnpos, 'deficient,'  and
Koppos, ' trunk.'  A malformation in which  the
trunk is defective, and too  short, from  the  ab- 
PERODACTYLEUS           698           PERSPIRATION
gence of one or more vertebrae, — the head  and
limbs being normal.
  PERODACTYLEUS, Flexor longus digitorum
pj'lis profundus perforans.
  PERODYNIA, see  CarJlalgia.
  PEROMEL'IA, from  nnpos, 'deficient,'  and
ptXos, 'a limb.'  Congenital misconstruction, or
mutilation  of the limbs.   A genus in the noso-
logy of Good.
  PEKO.M'ELUS.  A monster possessed of the
deformity mentioned above.
  PER ONE, Fibula— p. Col du, Collum fibulae.
"  PERONE'AL, Perona'us. Fibula'rie, Fib'ular,
(F.) PSronier, from -;;,9i./. 'the fibula.'  Belong-
ing or relating to the  ff'i.la.  .
  Peroneal Artery, Fib'ular, A.,  arises  from
the popliteal,  and is  situate  deeply  in the pos-
terior and  outer part of the leg.   It gives off
branches of little importance.  Near the outer
ankle, it divides into two branches.   1. The poe-
terior peroneal, which descends behind the lower
joint of the fibula, on the outer surface of the
calcaneum.  2. The  anterior  peroneal, which
crosses the inferior extremity of the interosseous
ligament, to be  distributed on the dorsal surface
of tbe foot.
  Peroneal Muscles are three  in.number.  1.
Peronaus  Brevie seu Secttndue seu Anti cue seu
Me'dius, Semi-fib n la'tie, (F.) Grand-pSronSo-aue-
mStatarsien, Court pSronSo-lateral, 31oyen PSro-
nier.  A muscle, situate  beneath the peronaius
longus.  It is  attached above, to the outer sur-
face of the fibula, and terminates, below, at the
posterior extremity of the 5th metatarsal bone,
after having been reflected beneath the malleolus
externus.  It extends the foot upon the leg, at
the same time  raising a little the  outer edge.  It
may, also,  act  upon the  leg, and extend it upon
 the  foot  2. Peronceus Longue seu  primtte seu
 poatlcue seu  max'imue seu poste'rior, (F.)  Tibi-
 peronSo-tareien, Long j>Sronier latSral, PSronSo-
 entte-taraien, (Ch.) 3Inacle grand peronier.  This
 muscle is situate at the outer part of the leg.  It
 is long, thick, and triangular above;  thin,  nar-
 row, and flat below.  It is attached above to the
 outer edge of the upper extremity of the fibula, j
 and to the upper third of the outer surface of that
 bone.  Below, it terminates at the outer part of
 the  posterior  extremity of the first metatarsal
 bone.  This muscle extends the foot on the leg,
 turning its point outward, and raising its  outer
 edge.  It  acts, also,  upon the leg, which it ex-
 tends on the foot.  3. Peronaue Tertine, Nonue
 Veea'lii, (F.) PSronier antSrieur, Petit pSronSo-
 eua-metataraieii (Ch.,) Petit PSronier.  A muscle,
 situate at  the anterior, outer, and inferior part of
 the leg.   It  is long and  flat, and  is attached,
 above, to  the  inferior third of the anterior mar-
 gin and inner  surface of the fibula;  terminating,
 below, at  the  posterior extremity of the  5th me-
 tatarsal bone.   This muscle bends the foot on the
 leg, by raising its outer edge.   It can, also, bend
 the leg on the foot.
   Peroneal Nisrve, see Popliteal nerves.
   Peroneal  Vein follows  the same course as
 the artery.
   PERONEDACTYLIUS, Flexor longus digito-
 rum pedis profundus perforans.
   PERONEO-LATERAL  COURT, Peronaeus
 brevis —p. Phalanginien dn  gros orteil, Flexor
 longus p.llicis pedis—p. Soue-phalangettien du
 pouce, Flexor  longus  pollieis pedis—p. Sone-
 \areien, Peronaeus longus—p. Sue-mStatareien,
 Peronaeus  tertius—p.  Sns-mStatareien, grand,
 Peronaeus brevis—p. Sus-phalangettien du pouce, '
 Extensor  proprius pollicis pedis — p. Tibi-eite-
 plaktngettien  commun, Extensor  communis  digi-ij
. torum pedis —p. Sue-phalangien du pouce, Ex-
' tensor proprius pollicis pedis.
i   PERONEUM, Fibula.
   PERONIER, Peroneal.
I   PERONIER, GRAND, Peronasus longus —
\ p. LatSral,  long, Peronaus  longus—p. Moyen,
 Peronaeus brevis—p. Petit, Peronaeus tertius.
|   PERONODACTYLLEUS, Flexor longus digi-
! torum pedis profundus perforans.
I   PERONODACTYLIUS,  Flexor longus  digi-
I torum pedis profundus perforans.
   PEROSO'MUS,  from  vnpos,  'deficient,' and
I aoipa, ' body.'  A monster, whose whole body is
j imperfect!v developed. — Gurlt.
   PEROSPLANCH'NICA,  from  irnpos,  'defi-
' cient,'  and  anXayxrov, 'a  viscus.'  Congenital
 misconstruction  of the viscera.   A genus in the
 nosology of Good.
   PERPENDICULUM HEPATIS,  Suspensory
 ligament of the liver.
.   PERPERACUTUS.   'Extremely acute.'  An
 epithet applied to very violent and rapid diseases.
   PERPLEXI MORBI, see Complication.
   PERPLICA'TION,  Perplica'tio; from per,
j 'through,' and p/ico, plicatum, 'to fold.'  A me-
 thod of tying arteries, which consists in making
 a small  incision  in the side of the artery, near
| its bleeding orifice, introducing  a small pair of
 forceps,  seizing the open extremity, and  drawing
 it backward, through the aperture made in the
 side  ofthe vessel, so as to form a kind of knot
   PERROSIN, see Pinus abies.
   PERRY COUNTY WARM SPRINGS.  These
 are in Pennsylvania, .eleven  miles  from  Carlisle,
 and  fourteen  from  Harrisburg.  Temperature
 67°; impregnation.not much.  They are used  for
 bathing.
   PERSEA CAMFORA, see Camphor —p. Cas-
 sia, Laurus cassia—p. Cinnamomum,  Laurus cin-
 namomum — p. Cubeba, Piper cubeba.
   Per'sea  Gratis'sima, Laurus  Pereea, Palta
 tree, Avocado  Pear.   A slender,  very high tree
 of Peru, with a small dome-like top, which grows
 on the eastern declivity of the Andes, and rises,
 at times, to the height of more than 60 feet.   Ita
 fruit—(S.) Palta — which is  pear-shaped, is
 generally much  liked. It dissolves, like butter,
 on the  tongue, and hence  is called, in  some of
 the French colonies, beurre vSgStale.  The leavea
 are reckoned  balsamic, pectoral and vulnerary.
 The  seeds are very astringent.
   Persea Pichurim, see Pichurim beans—p.
 Sassafras, Laurus sassafras.
   PERSIAN FIRE, Anthracion.
   PERSICA VULGARIS, Amygdalus Persiea.
   PERSICAIREACRE, Polygonum hydropiper
 —p. Brulanie, Polygonum hydropiper—p. Douce,
 Persioaria—p. PoivrSe, Polygonum hydropiper.
    PERSICARIA, Polygonum Persicaria—p. Mi-
 nor, Polygonum Persicaria—p. Mitis, Polygonum
 Persicaria—p. Urens, Polygonum hydropiper —
 p. Wandspiked, Polygonum  Virginianum — p.
 Water,  Polygonum amphibium.
    PERS1L,  Apium petroselinum—^.  d'Ane,
 Chaerophyllum sylvestre—/). Faux, ^thusa cy-
 napium—p. de  MacSdoin,  Bubon Macedonicum
 — p. de Montague, Athamanta aureoselinum.
    PERSIMMON, Diospyros Virginiana.
    PERSOLATA, Arctium lappa.
    PERSOLLATA Arctium lappa
    PERSOLUTA,  Arctium lappa.
    PERSPICILLUM, see Spectacles.
    PERSPIRABILE SANCTORIANUM,  Per-
 spiration.
    PEPSPIRA'TION, Perepira'tio,  Tranepira'.
 tio,  Diffta'tio, Diap'noe,  Diapnce'a,  Diapneu'eie
 Perepirab'ile Sanctoria'num, from per3 ' through ' 
PERSPIRATORY            699               PESSARY
and apirare, epiratnm, 'to breathe, exhale.'  The
inaenaible transpiration or exhalation continually
going on at  tho  surface of  the  skin and mem-
branes.   Sensible perspiration  is  called  eweat.
The perspiratory fluid is secreted  by an appro-
priate glandular  apparatus, termed  by Breschet,
diapnog"enoua, (F.)  Appareil diapnogene; the
eudorip'aroite glands, Gland'ula audorip'ara, Or'-
gana ettdorip'ara, sweat glands, consisting  of a
convoluted tube, situate beneath the true skin,
and of spiral ducts,  which open  obliquely under
the  scales of the- epidermis.  A certain  portion
of the perspired  fluid is thrown off by ordinary
physical evaporation.
   The Pulmonary exhalation or  transpiration is
that which takes place into the bronchia, and is
sent out with the expired air.
   PERS'PIRATORY, Perapirato'riua, Trana'pi-
ratory, Tranepirato'riue, (F.) Perspiratoire, Trans-
piratoire.  Same etymon as  the last.  Relating
or belonging to, or the product of, perspiration.
   PERSUDATIO, Diapedesis.
   PERSULTATIO,  Diapedesis.
   PERTE,  Metrorrhagia—p. d'Appetit, Ano-
rexia—p. de la 3IS.moire, Amnesia—p. de I'Odo-
rat, Anosmia—p. de Sang, Haemorrhagia—p. de
la  Voix, Aphonia—p. de la Vue, Caecitas.
   PERTEREBRANT, Perter'ebrane, from per,
'through,' and terebrare, 'to bore.'   The French
give this epithet  to an acute pain — Douleur per-
tSrSbrante—which occasions  a sensation like that
which would be  produced  by an instrument pe-
netrating and lacerating a part; — the  pain from
Vvhitlow,  for example.
   PERTES BLANCHES,  Leucorrhoea— p.  de
Sang,  Metrorrhagia — p. Seminalee, Spermator-
rhoea— p. UtSrinea,  Metrorrhagia—p. UtSrines
blanches, Leucorrhoea—p. UtSrines rouges, Me-
trorrhagia.
   PERTICA PER  SE, Penis.
   PERTURBATIONES ANIMI, Affections  of
the mind.
   PERTURBATRIX, (3Iediclna)  from  ^errur-
bare, pertttrbatitm (per and  turbare) ' to  disturb
greatly.' Per'turbating treatment, (F.) 3ISthode ou
31edecine perturbatrice; a mode of  treatment  in
which very active means are employed, and such
as impress upon diseases a different course from
that natural  to them.  It is the antithesis to the
Medicina expcctaus.  Much evil has resulted from
such treatment, especially in febrile diseases.
   PERTUS'SIS, from per, and tueeie, 'a cough,'
'a violent cough.'  Tuaaiafieri'na seu convulsi'va
seu pu'eros atrang'ulana seu qiiinta seu stomacha'-
li8 seu an'hela  clamo'sa seu  atran''giilana  seu de-
laa'aan8 seu suffocana seu amphemer'iiia  seu ttts-
eiculo'ea seu spaamod'ica seu aainlna seu cani'na,
Bronchi'tie convulai'va, Bronchocephalltis, Pneti-
8i'a pertue'eis, Amphemer'iiia, Orthopnoe'a  tussicu-
lo'ea seu clango'ea sen euffoeati'va  seu clamo'sa
seu  8paaiiiod'ica, Morbus Ciicttllus  seu ciiculla'-
ria, Cucii'lua, Beehorthopno?'a, Bex convulsiva seu
therio'des, Hooping-cough, Whooping-cough, Chin-
cough, Kin-coiigh, Kind-cough, (Germ. Kind,  'a
child,') (Sc.) Kink-hoet, (Prov.) Kinkhiutat, (F.)
Coqitelttche,  Cuturrhe ou  Bronchite convulsive,
Toux convulsive  ou  quinteuae ou bleue, 3taladie
cnculaire.  A violent convulsive cough, returning
by fits, (F.) Quiutee,  at longer or shorter inter-
vals ; and consisting of several expirations, fol-
lowed by a sonorous  inspiration  or  whoop.   The
fits of coughing generally recur more frequently
during the night, morning, and  evening,  than  in
the day.  It is esteemed to be contagious, and
attacks the young more particularly.  It  is  rare
for it to affect an  individual for the  second time.
The duration is various, — six or eight weeks or
more.  Although the paroxysms are very violent,
it is not a dangerous  disease.  It may, however,
give rise to other affections, as convulsions, pneu-
monia,  Ac, when the complication is very dan-
gerous, as the cause cannot be removed.   Those
children suffer the least, who evacuate the con-
tents of the stomach during the fit  In the treat-
ment, all that can be done is to palliate.  It must
be borne in mind, that the disease will, in time,
wear itself out.  If there  be such  tensive pain
of the head, or fever, bleeding may be  required,
but it is seldom necessary.  Narcotics  occasion-
ally .afford relief, but it  is  temporary.  Gentle
emetics, given occasionally, when the paroxysms
are long and dry, give decided relief, and  aid in
the expectoration of the morbid secretions.  After
the disease has continued for some weeks, and
persists in part from habit, change of air is essen-
tial, and this, even should the change  be to an
atmosphere that is less pure.
   PERU, see Lima.
   PERUNCTIO, Inunction.
   PER VENCHE, Vinca minor.
   PERVER'SION, Perver'eio, from per and ver-
tere,  veraum,  'to turn.'  Dias'troplte, Diastrenl-
ma.  One of the four modifications of function in
disease:  the three others being augmentation,
diminution, and abolition.   The humourists used
this term  also to  designate disorder or  morbid
change in the fluids.
   PERVERSION DE  LA TETE DES OS
ET DES MUSCLES, Loxarthrus.
   PERVIGILIUM, Insomnia, Coma vigil.
   PES, genitive  Pedis, irovs, iroios,  Ichnus, (Sc.)
Fit, (F.) Pied, ' the foot.' • The inferior extremity
of the  abdominal member, representing  a bony
arch, an elastic vault, which transmits the weight
of the  body to the ground.   It is  divided  into
three parts; — the tarsus, metataraus, and  toea.
   Pes  Alexandrinus, Anthemis pyrethrum—p.
Anserinus, Chenopodium bonus  Henricus, Facial
nerve — p. Cati, Antennaria Dioica — p. Equinus,
Pes equinus, see Kyllosis—p. Hippocampi major,
Cornu ammonis — p. Hippocampi minor,  Hippo-
campus  minor — p. Hippopotami  major,  Cornu
ammonis — p. Hippopotami minor, Cornu  ammo-
nis— p. Leonis, Alchemilla.
  PES ANTE UR, Weight—p.  SpScifique, Gra-
vity,  specific.
  PESE-ACIDE, Acidometer—p. Liqueur, Are-
ometer—-p.  Sirop, Saccharometer.
  PESETTE, Cicer arietinum.
  PESSAIRE, Pessary—p. Intra-utSrin, Pessary,
intra-uterine.
  PES'SARY, Peasa'rium, from  trtaaos, 'a small
stone;  a pessary,'  Pessus,  Pcssum,  Pea'aulu8,
Penicil'lue, Talue, Nod'ulue uterlnua, Suppoaito'-
rium  uterinum, Glana, Lemnia'cua, (F.)  Pesaaire.
A solid  instrument, composed of cork,  ivory, or
elastic gum,  which is  introduced into the  vagina
to support the uterus, in  cases of prolapsus or
relaxation of that organ ;  to keep vaginal hernia
reduced, Ac.   The ancients  made use  of medi-
cated peeaariea, which  they distinguished into
emollient, astringent,  aperient, Ac, and they are
still used.  The  form of  pessaries is  very va-
riable;— round, oval, Ac, according to circum-
stances.
  Pessary, Egyptian, iEgyptius pessus.
  Pessary,  Intra-u'terine,  Stem peaeary, (F.)
Peaaaire intra-utSrin,  Redreseeur  utSrin.   An in-
strument  for rectifying uterine displacements — „
as ante version and retroversion, consisting of a
stem  which is introduced  into the  uterus;  this
stem is attached to a flattened ovoid bulb or ball,
on which the cervix uteri rests.—Connected with
this is an external part  or wire frame,  which is
attached, at one extremity, to a flat tubular por-
tion, passing into the vagina, to be  fixed  to the
intra-uterine portion.  The wire frame is made to 
PESSULUS             TOO               PETROUS
press upon the pubis, so that the pessary can be I
kept in position in utero.  This is essentially the
intra-uterine pessary of Professor  Simpson  of
Edinburgh.
   Pessary, Stem, Pessary, intra-uterine.
   PESSULUS, Pessary, Penis.
   PESSUM, Pessary.
   PESSUS, Pessary.
   PEST, Plague.
   PESTE, Plague— p. Antonine, Plague of An-
toninus—p.  d'Athenee, Plague  of  Athens.— p.
Noire, Death, black.
   PESTICHL&, Petechiae.
   PESTICIDE, Petechia-.
   PESTILENCE, Peatilen'tia, Peetil'itae,  from
peetie, 'a pest'  A malignant spreading disease;
—applied especially to plague.
   Pestilence, Choleric, Cholera spasmodica —
p. Glandular, Plague — p. Haemagastric, Fever,
yellow — p. Septic, Plague.
   PESTILENT-WORT, Tussilago petasites.
   PESTILENTIA, Plague —p. Haemagastrica,
Fever, yellow.
   PESTILENTIAL, Peetilentia'lie, Peetilentia!-
riue, Peatilentio'aua, Peatilen'tua, (F.) Peatilentiel.
Relating or appertaining to a  pest  or plague.
Pestilential dieeasee are those that bear some re-
semblance to the plague in  respect to  mode of
propagation, svmptoms, danger,  Ac."
   PESTILITAS, Plague.
   PESTIS, Plague — p. Acutissima, Plague — p.
Adeno-septica,  Plague — p.  Americana, Fever,
yellow—p. Antoniniana, Plague of Antoninus—p.
Bellica, Typhus — p. Britannica, Sudor  Anglicus
—p. Bubonaria orientalis, Plague—p. Contagiosa,
 Plague—p. Glandulosa, Plague—p. Glossanthrax,
 Glossanthrax — p. Inguinaria, Plague — p. Inter-
 tropica, Fever, yellow—p. Nigra, Death, black—
r p. Occidentalis,  Fever, yellow — p.  Orientalis,
 Plague — p.  Scptica, Plague — p. Variolosa, Va-
 riola.
   PESTLE, Pilum —p. Spring, see Pilum.
   PET, Fart.
   PETALE, Phtheiriasis.
   PETASITES, Tussilago petasites —p. Hybri-
 da, Tussilago petasites — p.  Major, Tussilago pe-
 tasites — p.  Officinalis, Tussilago  petasites — p.
 Rubens, Tussilago petasites — p. Vulgaris, Tussi-
lago petasites.
   PETAU'RUM.   A seat suspended by ropes, in
 which a person taking  the  exercise sat, and was
 tossed about by assistants.—Juvenal and Martial.
   PETE'CHLE, Petic'ula, Pestich'ia, Peetic"ia,
 Punctic'ula,  Pur'pura malig'na, Por'phyra Gra-
 co'rum,  (F.) PStSchiee.  Small spots, similar in
 shape and colour to flea-bites, which occur spon-
 taneously upon the skin, in  the  course of severe
 fevers, Ac. They are, under such circumstances,
 signs of great prostration.
   Petechia sine Febre, Purpura simplex.'
   PETE'CHIAL,  Petechia'lie;  same  etymon.
 Resembling or accompanied by petechiae.
   PETECHIAL SCURVY, Purpura simplex.
   PETECHIANOSIS, Purpura hsemorrhagica.
   PETER'S PILLS, Pilulae Aloes et Cambogia?
 — p. Worm lozenges,  see Worm lozenges,  Sher-
 man's.
   PETICULjE, Petechiae.
   PETIGO, Impetigo.
   PETINA, Sole.
   PETIOLUS,  Pediolue,  diminutive  of pee, 'a
 foot.  A footstalk or leafstalk  of a  plant  A
 petiole.
   Pbtiolus  Epiglottidis.  The root  of the Epi-
 glottis.
   Petioliw Mallei. Manubrium mallei.
   PETIT ARGENT, Platinum— p.  Courier,
 Influenza—p. Lait, Serum lactis—p. Lait d'Hoff-
 nann, Serum  lactis  Hoffmanni—p. Mal,  see
Epilepsy—p. Sue-maxillo-labial, Levator anguli
oris.
  PETITE-POSTE, Influenza.
  PETITS-LAITS, see Serum lactis.
  PETROLEUM, Petroleum.
  PETR^EUM, Solidago virgaurea.
  PETRAPIUM, Bubon Macedonicum.
  PETREOLE, Petroleum.
  PETREUX, Petrous —p. Oe, see Temporal
bone.
  PETRO DEL PORCO, Bezoar of the Indian
porcupine.
  PETROLE,  Petroleum.
  PETRO'LEUM, Petrola'nm, Petra'leum,Petra
oleum, Bitu'mcn Petroleum', Piesela'um In'dicum,
Rock Oil, Petroleum Barbaden'ee, Barbadoea Tar,
(F.) PStrole ou  PStrS.ole, from trtrpos, 'rock,' and
tXatov, 'oil.'  A  bituminous substance  flowing
spontaneously from the earth, in various  parts of
the world;  of  a fetid odour, and  bitter, acrid
taste.  It is  semi-liquid, tenacious,  semi-trans-
parent; of a reddish-brown  colour; insoluble in
water and alcohol;  combines  with  fixed and
essential oils and sulphur:  and is partially solu-
ble in ether.  The petroleum found at  Gabian,
near BSziers, in France, has been called  Oleum
Gabia'num,  (F.)  Huile  de  Gabian,  Petroleum
rubrum.  It has been  given as  an excitant ex-
pectorant;  and, mixed with tincture  of assafce-
tida, in  tapeworm.  It is, also, used externally in
chilblains, chronic rheumatism, affections of the
joints and skin, and paralysis.
  New  York Petroleum, called  Sen'eca Oil, is
used externally in similar cases.
  Petroleum Barbadense, Petroleum.
  Petroleum  Sulphura'tum, Bal'8amum Sul-
phuris Barbaden'ee,—(Composed of petrol, Bar-
bad. ,^xvj, flor. Sulph. ,^iv) has  been used as a
pectoral; and as a detergent to ulcers.  It haa
been accounted  antispasmodic   and sudorific.
Dose, gtt. x. to xxx.  Externally, it is used as a
stimulant and discutient.
  PETRO-OCCIP'ITAL, Petro-occipitalis.  Be-
longing to the  petrous portion of the temporal
bone and to the occipital bone.
  Petro-Occipital Suture is  formed by the
junction of the petrous portion of the temporal
with  the occipital bone.  It is a  deep groove
separating the bones, which have between them
a thin layer of  cartilage.
  PETRO -SALPIN'GO-PHARYNGEUS.   A
fleshy fasciculus, which extends  from the sphe-
noid bone, from the petrous portion of the tem-
poral bone, and from the Eustachian tube to the
upper part of the pharynx.  See Constrictor.
  PETRO-SALPINGO-STAPHYLINUS,  Cir-
cumflexus—p. Salpingo-staphylinus, Levator pa-
lati— p. Staphi/lin, Levator palati.
  PETRO-SPHENOID'AL.  Petro-aphenoida'lie.
Belonging to the petrous portion of the temporal
bone and to the sphenoid bone.
  Petro-Sphenoidal Suture; — a name given
to the small  suture which is formed by the ante-
rior edge of the petrous portion  of the temporal
bone and the posterior edge of the sphenoid.
  PETROSAL, Petrous.
  PETROSELINUM, Apium petroselinum —p.
Macedonicum,  Bubon Macedonicum.
  PETROSUM, OS, see Temporal.
  PETROUS, Petro'ene, Petro'eal, (F.)  PStreux,
Pierreux, from rtrpa, and -ntrpos, ' a stone.'  Re-
sembling stone; having the hardness of stone.
Relating or belonging to the petrous portion of
the temporal bone.
   Petrous  Gan'glion, Petro'eal Ganglion, Gan-
glion of Anderech, is formed by the glossopha-
ryngeal nerve,  shortly after it emerges from f.ae 
PETUM
jugular fossa.   From this ganglioD, M. Jacobson
if  Copenhagen  traced  an  anastomosing loop
through the cavity of the tympanum, which left
branches  there, and was thence reflected down-
wards to join the Vidian nerve.— See Otic Gan-
glion.  This has been called the Nerve of Jacob-
eon, Tympan'ic branch  of the glossopharyngeal,
and the inosculation, Jacobson's Anastomo'eie.
   Petrous Portion op Temporal Bone,  see
Temporal Bone—p. Process, see Temporal  Bone.
   Petrous Si'nuses, Petro'eal Sinuses, are two
venous sinuses of the dura mater, connected with
the petrous portion of  the temporal  bone, and
distinguished on each side, into : — 1.  The supe-
rior petrosal sinus.  It  arises from the cavernous
sinus ; follows the upper edge of the petrous por-
tion which affords it a gutter; passes  into  the
great circumference of the  tentorium cerebelli,
and opens  into the lateral sinus where the latter
 experiences a bend near the base of the pars pe-
trosa^ Its form is  triangular. 2.  The inferior
petroeat einue arises from the cavernous sinus at
 the same point as the last, with which it commu-
 nicates at the moment of its origin.   It descends
 between the inferior edge of the pars petrosa and
 the basilary process; and terminates in the late-
 ral sinus, at the sinus or gulf of the internal ju-
 gular vein.  It is triangular, and broader at its
 extremities than at the middle,
    PETUM, Nicotiana tabacum.
    PETUN, Nicotiana tabacum.
    PEUCE, Pinus sylvestris.
    PEUCEA BALSAMEA, see Pinus abies.
    PEUCED'ANUM, from irtvxn, 'the pine tree,'
 its leaves resembling those of the pine; P. offi-
 cina'le seu ahat'icum seu altia'aimum seu punicu-
 la'tum seu terna'tum, Sell num peuced' anum, 3lar'-
 athrumeylves'tre, 31arathrophyl'lum, Pinaatel'lum,
 Fcenic'idum porci'num,  Bonue Ge'niue, Hog'e Fen-
 nel, Stilphiirioort, (F.) PeucSdan, Queue de Pour-
 ceau, Fenouil de Pore.   Ord. Umbelliferae.  Sex.
 Syst. Pentandria Digynia.  The root has a strong,
 fetid snjell — somewhat resembling that of  sul-
 phureous  solutions —  and an acrid,  unctuous,
 bitterish taste.  It has been  recommended as
 untihysteric and nervine.
    Peucedanum Alsaticum, Peucedanum—p. Al-
 tissimum,Peucedanum—p.Officinale,Peucedanum
 .—p. Oreoselinum, Athamanta  aureoselinum.
    Peucedanum   Palus'tre,  Thysse'lium  seu
 Seli'num palus'tre, Selinum eylvee'tre  seu thyase-
 li'num seu lactes'cene,  Thyeaellnnm, Olanil'ium,
 3Iarah aellnum,  a European plant, has  been  re-
 commended as an anti-epileptic.   In Courland, it
 has been a famous remedy in epilepsy.
   . Peucedanum Paniculatum, Peucedanum — p.
 Pratense, P. silaus.
    Peucedanum Si'laus, P.praten'ee, See'elipra-
 ten'ee, Sium seu Ligue'ticum seu Cnid'ium sil'aiis,
 Saxifraga vulga'ris  seu  An'glica,  Hippomar'-
 athrum, Faenic' ulum er'raticum,EngHsh or 3Ieadow
 Sax'ifrage, (F.)  SesSH des  prSs.  The roots,
 leaves, and seeds have been recommended as
 aperients,  diuretics,  and  carminatves.  Rarely
 used.
    Peucedanum Ternatum, Peucedanum.
    PEUPLTER, Populus—^. Baumier, Fagara
 octandra1—p. de la Caroline, Fagara octandra —
 p. Franc, Populus—p Noir, Peucedanum.
    PEXIS, Concretion.
    PEY'ERT GLAN'DULE, Pey'eri Plexueglan-
 dtdo'ei, Gland'ula Peycria'na  seu muco'ea coag-
 mina'ta seu agmina'ta seu mitcip'ara-raceina'tim
 conges'ta inteetino'rum  sen intestina'lee plexifor'•
 men  seu  epu'ria,  Corpua'cula  glandttla'rum  ei-
 tnil'ia, Gland'ula in agmen congrega'ta inteatino'-
 rnm,  Enterade'nee, Peyer'e  Glands, Ag'minated
 or aggregate  glande.  Small glands  or  follicles,
01             PHAGEDENIC
situate beneath the villous ooat of the intestines,
called after  Peyer, who well described them.
They are  clustered together,  (F.)  Plaquee  de
Peyer, having a honey-comb appearance — Pla-
ques  gaufirSee — and  are extremely  numerous.
They occur most numerously in the lower portion
of the ileum, and resemble,  in their  morphology
and functions,  the lymphatic ganglions.   They
are, evidently, concerned in  the great function of
lymphosis.
   PEZA,  irtfa,  Doric and Arcadian for trovs, 'a
foot.' The foot: according to some, the sole of the
foot; and to others, the astragalus.  The ankle.
   PEZI'ZA  seu PEZE'ZA AURIC'ULA, from
trt$a, 'the sole of  the foot,' Tremella  auric'ula
Juda, Auricula Juda, Auricnla'ria eambu'ci  seu
aambu'eina,  Exid'ia  auric'ula Juda, Meru'line
 auric'ula, Fungite eambu'einue, Agar'icus Auric'-
 ula fiormd, Jew's Ear.   Ord. Fungi.  This fun-
 gus is said to be astringent; but has chiefly been
 used as a gargle in relaxed sore throat.
   PFEFFERS   or PFAFFERS,  MINERAL
 WATERS OF, Therma  Piperi'na,  Th. fiaba'-
 ria.   These springs, which  are in the Swiss Alps,
 are simply thermal: temperature 100° of Fah-
 renheit.
   PHACE, Pha'cea, Phacue, tpaxn, 'a  grain of
 the lentil,'. Ervum hue.   Also,  chloasma;  the
 crystalline lens; and a flask for  the  application
 of heat, so called owing to its flattened lens-like
 shape.
   PHACELLUS, Fascicqlus.
   PHACELUS, Fasciculus.
   PHACnYMENITIS, Phacohymenitis.
   PHACI, Ephelides.
   PHA'CICUS, Phaco'tua, Phaco'dee; from tpaiaj,
 'lens.'  Lens-shaped, lenticular.
   PHACITIS, Phacoideltie, Lentltie, Cryatal-
 li'tie, Criatallo'idi'tis,  Gleni'tie,  from  tpaxos, 'a
 lens,' and itie, a termination denoting inflamma-
 tion.  Inflammation of the crystalline lens  [?].
 Inflammation of the capsule of the lens  is  termed
 Capai'tis, Capsulitis, and Cryatallino-capanlltis,
   PHACO'DES, Phacicus.
   PHACOHYMENITIS, Phakomeni'tia, Phac-
 hymeni'tis, Inflamma'tio cap'sula lentis; from
 tpaKos, 'a lens,' 'vpnv, 'a membrane,' and itia, de-
 noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of the cap-
 sule of the crystalline.
   PHACOIDEITIS, Phacitis.
   PHACOMALACIA, Cataract, soft.
   PHACOPIS,  Phaco'tua; from tpaKn,  'lens,'
 and koitis, 'a knife;' Scalpel'lum lentieula'rl.  A
 lenticular-shaped knife.
   PHACOPS'IS, from tpaKn, 'lens,' and otjas,  'vi-
 sion.'  The  state of one who has chloasma or
 freckles on the  face.
   PHACOPTIS'ANA,   Pha'cium;  from  tpaxn,
 'lens,'and irnaavn, ' drink.' A drink of lentils.
 A poultice of lentils.
   PHACOS, Ervum lens.
   PHACOSCOTOMA, Cataract
   PHACOTUS, Phacicus, Phacopis.
   PHACUS, Phace.
   PHENIGMUS, Phenigmus.
   PILENOMENOLOGIA,  Semeiology.
   PHENOMENON, Phenomenon.
   PHAGjENA, Boulimia.
   PHAGEDENA, Boulimia, Phagedenic ulcer
 p. Sloughing, ofthe mouth, Cancer aquaticus—p.
 Ganera»nosa, Hospital gangrene.
   PHAGEDEN'IC, Phageda'nicue,  Depae'cena,
 (F.) PhagSdSnique, Ronge.ani, from tpayu, 'I eat.'
   Phagedenic Ulcer,  Nome, Phageda'na, Ulcus
 depas'cene seu  obam'bulane seu fieri num,   (F.)
 Ulcere phagSdSnique  ou rongeante, is one which
j rapidly eats and corrodes the neighbouring parts.
   Phagedenic, in Materia Medica, is a substance 
PHAKOHYMENITIS         70
used for destroying fungous granulations in ul-
cers, Ac.
  PHAKOHYMENITIS, Phacohymenitis.
  PHALACRA, Calvities.
  PHALACROMA, Calvities.
  PHALACRU.-1S, Calvities.
  P1IALACROT1S, Alopecia.
  PHAL.E.VA  PLYGUINALIS, see Eetozoa.
  PHAI,AIA.  A  barbarous term, employed by
Basil Valentine to designate a universal medicine
or panacea.
  PHALAX'GAL, Phalan'gian, Phalangia'nue,
from tpaXuyi, tpaXayyos, ' a phalanx.'  Having re-
lation to a phalanx.
  PUALAXG ARTHRITIS, from QaXayl, tpaXay-
yos,  'a  phalanx,' apdpov, 'ajoint,' and  itie, de-
noting inflammation.  Gout in the fingers.  In-
flammation of the joints of the fingers.
  PHALANGE, Phalanx.
  PHALANGES DESDQ1GTS, see Phalanx—
p. of the Fingers,  see Phalanx — p. dee Orteils,
see Phalanx—p. of the Toes, see Phalanx.
  PHALANGETTES, see Phalanx.
  PHALANGETT1EN.   Professor  Chaussier
uses this term for any thing relating to the third
phalanx of the fingers or toes, — Phalangien, for
what relates to the first, — and  Phalanginien, to
the second.
  PHALANGIAN. Phalangal.
  PHALANGIEN, see  Phalangettien.
  PHALAXGIXES, see Phalanx.
  PHALANGINIEN, see  Phalangettien.
  PHALANGIUM ESCULENTUM, Scilla es-
pulenta.
   PIIALANGO'SIS,  Hiepid'itae,  from QaXayl,
tpaXayyos,  'a phalanx,' 'a  row  of  soldiers.'  An
affection of the eyelids  in  which the  lashes are
arranged  in  two or three rows.   See  Trichiasis.
Also, dropping of the upper eyelid, from paralysis
of the levator palpebrae superioris  muscle.
   PHALANX, Phalan'ge,  Phalango'ma.  Same
etymon.  A name given to the small bones which
form the fingers and toes, because  placed  along-
side each  other like a phalanx.   They are/lis tin-
guished into tho Phalanges of the fingers, Oeaa
seu  Ag'mina seu A'ciea seu Artie'uli seu Scutic'-
ula  seu Seu'tula  seu Nodi seu Interna'dia seu
 Scytalides seu Con'dyli Digito'rum Manila ; and
the  Phalanges  of the Toea,  Oaaa seu Artic'uli seu
Ititerno'dia Digito'rum Pedie.  I.  Phalangee of
 the fingers, (F.) Phalangee  dee doigta.   They are,
in each hand, fourteen,—three to each finger, and
 two to  the thumb; and  are situate one above the
 other. They are distinguished, numerically, reck-
 oning from the base towards the tip of the.finger.
 1. The firvt or metacarpal,  Procoildyli, (F.) Pre-
 miiree  phalangee  ou  Phalanges mStacarpiennes,
 2. The second or middle phalanges, (F.) Secondee
 phalanges ou  Phalanges moyennee, Phalanginee,
 (Ch.)   3.  The third phalangee, Metacon'dyli, Pha-
 lan'gea uit'guiiim. (F.)  Troisiimee phalangee ou
 Phalanges unguSales ou iinguife'rea ou unguinalca,
 Pluilniigettee (Ch.). which  terminate each finger,
 and support the nail.   II.  Phalangee of the toes,
 (F.) Phalanges dee Orteils.  They are the same
 in number as  those  of the fingers, but much
 smaller, and of a very different shape.
   The  phalanges of a finger or  toe are united
 with each other ;  and the  first with the metacar-
 pal or metatarsal bone.  They  are  developed
 from two points of ossification ; one for the supe-
 rior extremity, and the other for the body and
 inferior extremity.                            I
   PHAL'ARIS   CANARIEN'SIS.  P.  ova'ta,
 (tpaXapos—from 0o&», ' I shine,'—'bright, shining,' !
 in application  to the seed.) Cultivated  Canary '■
 Grasa,  (F.) Alpiate.   Ord.  Gramineae.  Sex. Syst. j
 Triandria  Digynia.  The  seed  of this   grass, '
 Canary seed, (F.) Graines d'aspie, afford  a nou- ']
PHARMACODYNAMICS
rishing meal.  The ancients recommended  them
for allaying pains in the kidney and bladder.
  Phalaris Ziz vnoides, Andropogon muricatus.
  PHALLAL'GIA, Phallodyilia, from  tpaXXos,
'the male organ,' and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain in tin
male organ.
  PIIALLANCYLOSTS, Chordee.
  PHALLITIS,  Pria'pltia, from  ipaXXos, 'the
male organ,' and itis, a suffix denoting inflamma-
tion.  Inflammation of the male organ.
  PHALLOCAMPSIS, Chordee.
  PHALLOCARCINO'MA, from tpaXXos, 'the
male organ,' and xapxivoipa,' cancer.'   Carcinoma
or cancer of the penis.
  PHALLODYNTA, Phallalgia.
  PllALLON'CUS, from ipaXXos, 'the male or-
gan,' and oyKos, ' swelling.'  Tumefaction of the
male organ.
  PHALLOPSOPH'IA,  from  tpaXXos, 'the male
organ,' and ^oipos, ' a noise.'  Discharge of wind
from the male urethra.
  P1IALL0RRHAG"IA, from tpaXXos, 'the male
organ,' and pnyvvpi, ' I break out'  Hemorrhage
from the male urethra.   Stimatosis.
  PHALLORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea.
  PHALLORRIIOIS'CHESIS, from <paXXos,' the
male organ,' pon, 'discharge,' and taxtn; 'to with-
hold.'  Sudden arrest of a gonorrhoeal discharge.
  PHALLUS, Penis — p. Esculentus, Morehella
esculenta.
  PHANEROG'AMOUS, Phanerogam'ic, Phane-
rogam'icue, (F.) PhanSrogame, from tpavtpos, (0aa>,
' I shine,') ' evident?' and yapos, ' marriage.'  An
epithet used by botanists for plants whose sexual
organs are apparent.  Itis, consequently, the op-
posite to cryptogamoua.
  PHANTASIA, Delirium,  Imagination.
  PHANTASM,  Phantaa'ma, Phanto'ma, Phae-
ma, from tpavra^ia, (ipaivio, ' I bring to light,') ' I
make appear.'  A phantom, false appearance, ap-
parition.  Hallucination.   Derangement  of the
sense of sight or  of the intellectual faculties,
causing  objects to be  perceived, which  art> not
before the eyes.
  PHANTASMA. Pseudoblepsia.
  PHANTASMATICUS, Phantasticus.
  PHANTASMATOSCOPIA, Metamorphopsia.
   PHANTASMOSCOPIA, Metamorphopsia.
  PHANTASTICUS, Inebriant Creating phan-
 tasms — phantasnialicus.
   PHANTOM, Fantom—p. Tumour, see Fantom.
   PHANTOMA,  Phantasm —p. Obstetricium,
 Fantom.
   PHARMACEIA, Poisoning
   PHARMACEUM, Apotheca.
   PHARMACEUS, Apothecary.
   PHARMACEUTA, Apothecary.
   PHARMACEUTIC,  Pharmaceu'tieus,  Phar-
 maceutical, Pharmeiceutica'lis,  (F.) Pharmaceu-
 tique, from ipappaKov, ' a medicine.' An epithet for
 every  thing belonging to pharmacy.  Thus, we
 say, Pharmaceutical preparations,- Ac.
   PHARMACEUTICE, Pharmacy.
   PHARMACEUTIST, Apothecary.
   PHARMACIEN, Apothecary.
   PHARMACOCATAGRAPHOLOG''lA,  Cata-
 grapholog"ia,  Ars for'mitlae  concinnan'di, from
 tpttppaxov, 'a medicine,' Kara, 'beneath,' ypatpn, 'a
 writing,' and  Xoyos, 'a description.'   The art of
 writing  prescriptions.—J. J. Plenck.
   PHARMACOCHYMIA,  Chymistry, pharma-
 ceutical.
   PHARMACODYNAMICS, from tpappaxov, 'a
 medicine,' and ivvapts,  'power.'  Pharmacody-
 namics, Dynam'ical Materia Medica, Pharmaco-
 dynam'ica doctrlna, Pharmacodynamiotoij"ia,  \
 division  of pharmacology, which considers the
 effects and uses of medicines. 
PHARMACODYNAMIOLOGIA    703        PHARYNGOGLObSAL
  PHARMACODYNAMIOLOGIA,   Pharmacy- I
dynamics.
  PHARMACOGNOS'IA, Aceognoa'ia, Acognoe'-
ia, from ipappaxov,' a medicine,' andyvtaais, 'know-
ledge.'  A division of pharmacology, which treats
of simples, or unprepared medicines.
  PHARMACOLOGIA, Materia medica.
  PHARMACOMA'NTA, from ipappaxov, 'a me-
dicine,' and pavta, ' mania.'  One who has a ma-
nia for prescribing or for taking medicine.
  PHARMACON, Poison.
  PHARMACOPOEIA,  Pharmacopre'a,  Codex
medicamenta'riua,  (F.)  PharmacopSe, from ipap-
paxov, ' a medicine,' and nouio,' I make.'  A work,
containing a collection  of formulae for  the pre-
paration, Ac, of medicines : generally published
by  authority.  Formerly, a chemical laboratory,
Laborata'rium chi/m'icum seu pharmaceulicum.
  PHARMACOPCEUS, Apothecary,  Druggist.
  PHARMACOPOLA, Apothecary, Druggist.
  PHARMACOPOLE, Apothecary, Druggist.
  PHARMACOPOLI'UM, Apothe'ca,   Officlna,
 Taber'na 3teilica.   The shop of the druggist or
apothecary,  (F.)  Apothicairerie,  from  ipappaxov,
'a  medicine,' and moXtui, 'I sell.'
   PHARMACOPOS'IA, from ipappaxov,  'a medi-
cine,' and  iroets, ' a potion.'   A liquid medicine,
especially one that is cathartic.
  PHARMACO'SA  MEDICAMENTA,   from
tpappaKov, 'a poison.'    Medicines that contain
poisonous substances. — Fallopius.
  PHARMACOTHE'CA, fappaxo^nxn, from ipap-
paxov,  ' a medicine,' and riSi/pi, ' I place.' A case
for medicines.  A  medicine chest.
  PHARMACOTHERAPI'A, from ipappaxov, and
$tpatrtta, 'treatment'  Cure  of  diseases by  re-
medies.
  PHARMACTER, Apothecary.
  PHARMACUM, Medicament,  Poison—p.
JSgyptiacutn, iEgyptiacum—p. Amatorium, Phil-
ter.
  Phar'macum ad Aures,  AEgyp'tium.  3fedica-
men'tum ad Auree.  A name given to a medicine,
composed of bitter almonds, white pepper,  saf-
fron, myrrh, opium, frankincense, castor,  verjuice,
sulphate of iron, vinegar, pomegranate-bark, un-
guentum nardinum, Ac.   It was  believed to  be
useful for cleansing fetid ulcers in the ears.
  PHARMACURGICUS, Apothecary.
  PHARMACURGUS, Apothecary.
  PHAR'MACY,  Pharmacia,  Pharmaceutic?.,
Pharmax'is, from  tpappaKov, 'a medicine.'  The
art which teaches the knowledge, choice, preser-
vation, preparation, and  combination  of medi-
cines.   It  was  formerly divided into Galen'ical
and Chym'ical.  The former, called after Galen,
embraced  the  operations undertaken on medi-
cines without chymistry; — the latter, Chymical
Pharmacy  or Pharmaceutic Chymistry, Pharma-
cochynlia, comprised the preparation  of  medi-
cines,  founded  on  the  chymical  action of their
principles.
  PHARMAXTS,  Pharmacy.
  PHARNA'CEUM  LINEA'RE,  called  after
Pharnaces,  King of Pontus.  A South African
plant,  Nat. Ord. Paronychiaceae, employed at the
Cape in pulmonary affections.  It is generally
given in infusion.
  PHARUS. Pharynx.
  PHARYGATHRON,  Pharynx.
  PHARYGETHRUM, Pharynx.
  PIIARYNG^E'UM  (SAL.),   from pharynx,
pharyngis.   A compound of cream of tartar,
nitrate of potassa, burnt alum, and distilled vine-
gar.  It was formerly   employed,  united with
honey and'plantain-water, to make gargles, which
were advised in quinsy.
  PHARYNGE, Pharyngeal.
  PHARYNGEAL, Pharynga'ne,(F.) PhanjngS,
Pharyngien.  Same etymon.  That which relate!
to the pharynx.  A name given to the muscles,
vessels, and nerves of the pharynx.
  Pharyngeal Arteries.   These  are two  in
number.   The one—superior or ptcrygo-palatine,
Ramus Phtrynga'ue  supe'rior of Haller- arises
from the internal maxillary at the  base of  the
zygomatic  fossa,  passes  through the  pterygo-
palatine canal, and proceeds to be distributed to
the pharynx  and the corresponding part of the
Eustachian tube.   The other — the inferior —
Pharynga'a aseen'dens of  Haller — arises from
the external  carotid, on a level with the facial.
It ascends along  the lateral and  posterior part
of the pharynx, and  divides into two branches;
the one— the pharyngeal, properly so called — is
distributed to the pharynx ; the other—the me-
ningeal—-gives its branches particularly to the
dura mater.
  Pharyngeal Nerve.  A branch sent by the
pneumogastric to the pharynx.  It  descends be-
hind  the internal carotid;  communicates  with
the glossopharyngeal; and divides, opposite the
middle constrictor of the pharynx,  into a great
number of filaments, which anastomose, in a mul-
titude of different  directions, with filaments of the
glosso-pharyngeal nerve, of the superior laryn-
geal branch,  and of the  first cervical  ganglion.
These different nervous filaments united consti-
tute the  pharyngeal plexus, the irregular meshes
of  which send numerous  ramifications  to  the
pharynx.
  Pharyngeal Voice, see Voice.
  PHARYNGEMPHRAX'IS, from <papvyl 0a.
pvyyos, '  the pharynx,' and tpippa^ts, ' obstruction.
Obstruction of the pharyn^.
  PHARYNGETHRON, Pharynx.
  PHARYNGEURYSMA,  Pharyngocele.
  PHARYNGICUS, Pharyngeal.
  PHARYNGIEN,  Pharyngeal.
  PHARYNGITE.  Cynanche pharyngea— p
Tonsillaire, Cynanche tonsillaris.
  PHARYNGITIS,  Cynanche pharyngea.
  Pharyngitis Apostemato'sa.  Abscess of tto
pharynx.
  Pharyngi'tis, Diphtherit'ic, Angi'na pseudo-
membrana'cea seu membrana'cea seu pellicula'rie
seu plae'tica seu diphtheritica seu  malig'na seu
peettdo-membrano'sa seu 2,e8tilentia'lia, Pharyn- ,
goc'ace, Pseudo-membranoue Inflammation of the
Throat, (F.) Angine coitenneuee ou gutturale cou-
enneuae ou pseudo-membraneuae ou  plaatiqne  ou
diphthSritique.  From pharynx, and itie, denot-
ing inflammation.  Diphtheritic inflammation of
the pharynx.   See Cynanche maligna.
  Pharyngi'tis, Follic'ular, Follicular Inflam-
mation of the  Pharynx, Angina fiollicalo'ea ofthe
Pharynx, Acne of the Throat.  Inflammation and
enlargement of the  follicles of the pharynx, oc-
casionally extending to the larynx.   Sometimes
termed Clergyman's Sorethroat, Tubercles of the
Larynx and Fauces, and Tuber'cular Sorethroat.
  Pharyngi'tis,  Gangrenous,  Cynanche  ma-
ligna.
  PHARYNGOCACE, Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic.
  PHARYNGOCE'LE,  Pharyngenrye'ma,  Di-
vertic'ulum seu Hernia seu Prolap'sus (Esoph'agi
seu pharyn'gis, CEsoph'agus euccenturia'tus, from
fapvyZ, ipapvyyos,  'the pharynx,'  and  KnXn,  'a
tumour.'   An enlargement  at the upper part of
the gullet, in which the food sometimes rests in
considerable quantity.
  PHARYNGODYN'IA,  from tpapvyt,  ipapvyyos,
'the pharynx,' and  oiwn, 'pain.'   Pain in  the
pharynx.
  PH A R YNGOGLOSS'AL, Glossopharyngeal,
Pharyngoglossia'nus.   That which belongs to the
pharynx  and tongue.
  Pharyngoglcssal  Nerve,  Glossopharyngeal 
PHARYNGOGRAPHY         704              PHENIGMUS
Nerve, Lingua'lie latera'lis, (F.) Nerfi Gloeeopha-
ryngieit,  Pharyngogloaaien— a portion  of  the
eighth pair—arises from the superior and lateral
parts  of  the  spinal marrow, between the facial
aud pneumogastric nerves, by several filaments,
which soon unite into a single cord, that passes
out of the cranium by the foramen lacerum ante-
rius ;  goes  downwards and  forwards,  and gains
the posterior and inferior part of the tongue.
Immediately  after its exit from the cranium,  it
gives  a branch to the meatus auditorius externus,
and  receives  a filament from  the facial,  and
another from  the pneumogastric nerve.  It then
furnishes two other filaments, which descend
upon  the carotid artery, and unite at the bottom
of the neck with branches from the cervical gan-
glions and cardiac nerves, and give  two filaments
to the stylo-pharyngeus muscle.   The glossopha-.
ryngeus, after sending a twig or two to the tonsil,
to the upper  part of the  pharynx and membrane
if  the epiglottis, divides  into many branches
which run  partly to the margin, and partly to the
middle  of the  root  of the tongue;  supplying,
especially, the papillae majores, and the parts in
their neighbourhood.
   By some, this nerve is regarded as the controller
af the associated motions of the tongue and pha-
rynx.  By others, it is esteemed to be the special
nerve of gustation.
   PHARYNGOG' RAPHY, Pharyngogra'phia,
from  tpapvy!-,  ipapvyyos, 'the  pharynx,' and ypaipn,
'a  description.'  An  anatomical description  of
the pharynx.
   PHARYNGOL'OGY,   Pharyngolog"ia,  from
papvyl;,  ipapvyyos,  'the pharynx,' and Xoyos,  'a
 discourse.'   The part of anatomy which treats
 of  the pharynx.
   PHARYNGOLYSIS, Pharyngoplegia.
   PHARYNGOPARALYSIS, Pharyngoplegia.
   PHARYNGOPLE'GIA, from ipapvyf, ipapvyyos,
 'the  pharynx,'  and irXnooiu, 'I strike.'  Dyapha'-
 yia paralylica seu tor'pida seu aton'ica, Angi'na
 paralylica,  Asthenia Deglutitio'nie, Pharyngol-
 y*ie,  Pharyngoparalyaie, Paralyeie (Esogph'agi,
 Gula Imbecillitae. Paralysis  of  the pharynx or
 oesophagus:  commonly  a  symptom  of general
 paralysis, or of approaching dissolution.
   PHARYNGORRHAG"IA;  from tpapvyf, tpa-
 pvyyos, 'the  pharynx,' and payn, 'rupture.'  Hae-
 morrhage from the vessels of  the pharynx.
   PHARYNGOSPAS'MUS,from0opuyf0apuyyoj,
 ' the pharynx,' and enaouos, ' spasm.'  Spasm or
 cramp of the pharynx.
   PHARYNGOSTAPHYLINUS, Palato-pha-
 rvngeus.
  ' PHARYNGOTOME, Pharyngol ornue,  from
 $apvy%,  ipapvyyos, 'the pharynx,' and rtpvui, 'I
 cut.'  An instrument, invented by J. L. Petit,
 used to scarify inflamed tonsils, and to open ab-
 scesses, which  form  in the parietes  of  the pha-
 rynx.  It is composed  of a long, narrow blade
 with a lancet point, enclosed  in  a sheath or
 canula of silver slightly curved.  This instrument
 is carried to the part to  be cut, and the  point of
 the blade is made to pass  out of the sheath, by
 pressing on a button at the end of the pharyngo-
 tome.  A spring  causes  the blade to re-enter as
  soon as the  pressure is removed.
    PHARYNGOT'OMY,  Pharyngotom'ia ;  same
  etymon.  Some  authors have  used this  word
  synonymously with  cesophagotomy.  It means,
  also, scarification  of the tonsils,  or an incision
  made for opening abscesses there, Ac.
    PHARY'NX, tpapvyl,  Pharynx, tpapvl;, Phartte,
  Gula, Lamoe,  Faucee, Pharyg'ethrum, Pharyn'-
  gethron, Pharyn'gethros, Pharygathron, Isthmos,
  Isth'mion, Inglu'viee, Princip'ium Gula, Oa pos'-
  trrnm, Gurgee,  (F.) Arriire-bouche, Goaier, Gorge.
  k species of musculo-membranous, symmetrical
^anal, on the  median  line, irregularly funnel-
shaped, and situate between the base  of the cra-
nium and the  cesophagus, in front of the verte-
bral  column.  It  is very  narrow  above;  but
dilates in the middle, and again contracts below,
at its junction with the oesophagus. Into the an-
terior paries of the pharynx open, successively,
from above to below,—the posterior orifices of tho
nasal fossae ; the Eustachian tubes ; the posterior
aperture of the mouth, aad the top of the larynx.
The pharynx is formed, externally, of a muscu-
lar coat, and, internally, of a mucous membrane,
which is continnous, above, with  the Schneider-
ian membrane; and in  the middle, with that of
the mouth •  below, with that of the oesophagus;
and, at  tbe  sides,  with  that of the  Eustachian
tubes.  This membrane has no villi, and presents
only a  few inequalities, which  are owing to the
presence of  muciparous follicles.   The muscular
 coat of the pharynx is composed of the constric-
 tor  muscles, stylopharyngei,  and pbaryngosta-
 phylini.  The  vessels and nerves are called pha-
 ryngeal.   The pharynx  serves  as  a  common
 origin for the digestive  and respiratory passages.
 It gives passage to the air, during respiration;
 and to  the food at the time of deglutition.
   Pharynx, Follicular Inflammation op the,
 Pharyngitis, follicular.
   PHARYX, Pharynx.
   PHASELUS, Phaseolus
   PHASE'OLUS,  tpaanXos,  QaonoXos,  tpaaioXos, P.
 Vulga'ris, Phaslolus, Phaee'ltts, Fase'lus, Fase'-
 olue, Bona,  lloona, Faba ; Kidney Bean; French
 Bean; (F.) FaaSote, Haricot.   Ord.Leguminosae.
 Sex. Syat. Diadelphia Decandria.   When young
 and  well boiled,  this is easy  of  digestion,  and
 delicately flavoured.  It is less  flatulent than
 the pea.
   Phaseolus  Creticus, Cajan,  Cayan.  A de-
 coction of the leaves, according to Ray, restrains
 the hemorrhoidal flux when excessive.
   Phaseolus  Vulgaris, Phaseolus.
   PHASIA'NUS GALLUS,  so called from the
 river, *a<rif, in Colchis, near the Black Sea:  (F.)
 Coq.  The parts of generation of  the cock, dried
 and pulverized, were formerly regarded as proper
 for increasing the quantity of semen.   The fat
 was used as emollient and resolvent; the brain,
 in diarrhcea; the gall, in freckles  and diseases  of
 the eyes.  These phantasies are now abandoned.
   PHASIOLUS, Phaseolus.
   PHASMA,  Phantasm.
   PHATNE, Alveolus.
   PHATNION, Alveolus.
   PHATNORRHAG"IA,  Stomatorrhagia al-
 veolo'rum, from tparvtov, 'an alveolus^'andp^yw/ii,
 'I break forth.'  Hemorrhage  from the alveoli.
    PHAUSIN'GES, tpavoiyyts,  plural of tpavoiyf,
 from tpavfa, ' I roast'   Spots or blisters on the
 legs, produced by heat; and, in a more extensive
 signification, by  any other cause.  Also, a  pus-
 tule. — Foesius.
    PHELLANDRE, Phellandrium aquaticum.
    PHELLAN'DRIUM AQUAT'ICUM, Phellan-
 drium, QEnan'the phellan'drium seu aquat'ica, Li-
 gua'ticum  phellan'drium, Foenic'ulum aquat'icum,
  Cicvta'ria  aquatica, Water Fennel,  Fine-leaved
  Water Hemlock, (F.) Phellandre, Fenouil d'eau,
  Cigue d'eau,  Millefeuille aquatique.   Ord.  Uffi-
 belliferae.   Sex. Syet. Pentandria Digynia.  This
 plant  is stimulant  and  narcotic.  It has  been
 used in intermittents and dyspepsia.   It has, also,
 been given in phthisis pulmonalis,  and in  cases
 of scrofulous atonic ulcers.
    PHENE, Benzole.
    PHENIG'MUS,PAosrnymM*,PA«nV^'»)i»,from
 0oivi£, 'red.'  Red Jaundice.   A  cutaneous  affec-
  tion, consisting of redness diffused over the skin,
 r without fever.  Sauvages makes  it a genus of hie 
PHENOMENE            705                PHLEGM
order Icteritia.  Also, the act of irritating a part
by a stimulating application.
  PHENOMENE, Phenomenon.
  PHENOMENON, Phanom'enon, (F.) PhSno-
mlne, from  tpaivopat, ' I appear.'  An  extraordi-
nary  and unexpected  event.   In Medicine,  it
means any  change, appreciable  by our senses,
•which supervenes in an organ or function:—as
the phenomena, of the circulation, respiration, Ac.
It  is used  in  pathology,  synonymously  with
symptom.
  PHENYXE, HYDRURET OF, Benzole.
  PHEUGOPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia.
  PHEUGYDRON, Hydrophobia.
  PHI'ALA, A Phial or Vial, (F.) Fiole, <piaXn,
tpitXn, 'a vessel with a broad bottom.'  A small
bottle, in which apothecaries are in the habit of
Bending out their mixtures, draughts,  Ac: hence
called 31ed'icine Viale, (F.) Fioles d MSdecine.
They are usually sold  in grosses, and  assorted
into vials of oz. 8; oz. 4; oz. 3; oz. 2;  oz. IJ; oz.
1;  and oz. £.
  PHILADYNAMICA- Debilitants.
  PHILANTHROPUS, Galium aparine.
  PHILETRON, Philter.
  PHILETRUM, Lacuna labii superioris.
  PHILIATER,  Philia'troe,  tptXiarpos,  from
tpiXtw, ' I love,' and tarptxn, ' medicine.'  An ama-
teur  of medicine.  One who  studies  medicine;
Studio'sus medicina.
  PHILOBIO'SIS, (F.) Philobiosie: from tptXtu,,
' f  love,' and (iios, ' life.'  The love of life.
  PHLLGL'NIA, from iptXtt*,'' I love,' and  oivos,
'wine.'  Love of wine.   Addiction to  wine.
  PHILOGYNIA, Muliebrositas.
  PHILONIUM LONDINENSE, Confectio opii.
  PHILOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia.
  PHILOPATRIDOMANIA, Nostalgia.
  PHILOSOPHER'S STONE, see Alchymy.
  PHILOSOPHIA  CORPORIS  VIVI, Physi-
ology— p. Hermetica, Alchymy — p. per Ignem,
Chymistry.
  PHILTER,  from  tpiXtta, 'I love.'  Philtrum,
Philetron,  Phile'tron,  Phar'macum  seu Poc'-
ulum amato'rium, Amato'rium venefic"ium, (F.)
Philtre.  A medicine or drink considered capa-
ble of causing love.
  PHILTRUM, Lacuna labii superioris.
  PHILYRA, Tilia.
  PHIMA,  Phyma.
  PHIMOS, Capistrum.
  PHIMO'SICUS.  Relating to Phimosis.
  Sauvages calls Ischu'ria  phimo'sica  seu ure-
thra'li8 d phimo'si, the  retention  of urine which
depends upon phimosis.
  PHIMO'SIS, Phymo'sis, Capistra'tio, Epago'-
gium, Ligatu'ra glandis,  Strictu'ra  prapu'tii,
Reduc'tio prapu'tii impedi'ta, from (ptpooi, 'I bind
tight'  A disease which consists in a preternatu-
ral  narrowness of the opening of the prepuce, so
that it cannot be carried behind the corona glan-
dis.  This affection is most commonly congenital.
Sometimes it is accidental, and dependent  upon
tumefaction of the glans, or of the prepuce,  as
occurs in syphilis.  To  remedy  this state, the
prepuce  may be divided by  means of a  bistoury
and director;  or circumcision may be practised.
  Phimosis  Adnata seu Congenita seu  Pueri-
lis, Congenital phimosis—p. Circumligata, Para-
phimosis— p. Congenita, P.  adnata.
  Phimo'sis  OEdemato'des,  Hydrophimo'eis.
Phimosis with oedematous swelling of the pre-
puce.
  Phimosis  Puerilis, Ph. adnata.
  PHLASMA, Contusion.
  PHLEBARTERIODIALYSIS, see  Aneurism.
  PHLEBECTA'SIA,  Phlebec'tasis, from tpXtif,,
pXejios, 'a vein,'and exraais, 'dilatation.'  Dila-
      4.5
tation of a  vein, or of a portion  of a vein.—
Alibert.
  PHLEBECTIARCTIE.  A  mongrel  term,
from tpXtip,  tpXtjios, 'a vein,' and arcto, 'I con-
tract'   Contraction of a vein.
  PHLEBES, (Arteries.)  See Artery.
  PHLEBEURYSMA, Varix.
  PHLEB'ION, diminutive  of tpXt^,,  t>Xt0os,  'a
vein.'  A vein. — Hippocrates.   A small vein,—
Ve'nula.
  PHLEBIS'MUS, from <pXt^, tpXtfas, 'a vein.'
A term  employed  by Dr. Marshall Hall for the
turgescence  of veins, produced by impeded return
of the blood.  See Trachelismus.
  PHLEBITIS,  Inflamma'tio  vena'rum,  (F.)
RhlSbite, Inflammation  des  veines,  from  tpXtxf/,
tpXtjios, 'a vein,' and itie, the termination  for in-
flammation.   Inflammation of  the inner  mem-
brane of a vein, Endo-phlebltie, which sometimes
follows blood-letting, and extends from the small
wound made in that operation to the neighbouring
parts of the venous system.  The symptoms are,
first, inflammation in the punctured part; and,
afterwards, a knotty, tense, painful cord, follow-
ing the  direction of the  vessel, and accompanied
with more or less fever, according to the extent
of the inflammation, the nervous symptoms, Ac.
Phlebitis, also, sometimes supervenes on the liga-
ture or excision  of  varices;  after  amputation,
gun-shot  wounds,  delivery (Uterine  Phlebitis,
Locho-metro-phlebltis,3tetro-phlebltis puerpera' -
lis,  Phlebitis  uteri'na, 3tetri'tis  veno'sa),  the
ligature of the umbilical cord, Ac.  It may ter-
minate  by resolution, suppuration, ulceration, or
gangrene.
  Phlebitis,  Crural,  Phlegmatia  dolens — p.
Uterina, see Peritonitis, and Phlebitis.
  PHLEBOGRAPHY',  Phlebogra'phia,   from
tpXtxp, <pXtfios, 'a vein,' and ypcupn, 'a description.'
A description of the veins.
  PHLEB'OLITE, Phlebolithus, Vein etone, from
0Xe\J/, ipXtfios,  'a  vein,'  and Xidos, 'a  stone.'  A
loose concretion, varying in size from  that of a
currant  to  that of a pea, occasionally found in
the veins.   It would seem to  be formed in the
blood.
  PHLEBOLITHUS, Phlebolite.
  PHLEBOL'OGY,  Phlebolog"ia,  from  tpXtif,,
ipXtffos,  'a vein,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.'  The
part of anatomy which treats of the veins.
  PHLEBOPA'LIA, from <pXt^, tpXtfros, ' a vein,'
and traXXoi, T palpitate.' With the ancients, pul-
sation, which  they conceived to be produced by
the veins.   See Pulsus venarum.
  PHLEBOPHTHALMOTOM'IA,   Ophthalmo-
phlebotom'ia, from ipXttp, <pXt0os, 'a vein,' otp&aX-
pos,  'the eye,'and rtpvia,  T cut'  Blood-letting
in the eye.
  PHLEBOPLEROSIS  ECPHRACTICA,  In-
flammation.
  PHLEBORRHAG"IA,  from tpXtip,  tpXtfas,  'a
vein,' and pnyvvut, T break out' Rupture of the
veins; and,  in a more  extensive sense,  venous
hemorrhage.
  PHLEBORRHEX'IS, from  tpXtt},,  tpXtfas,  'a
vein,' and pnbs, 'rupture.'  Rupture  of a vein.
Also, hemorrhage from  a vein,  Phleborrhag"ia.
  PHLEBOSTENO'SIS, from ipXtxp,  tpXtfc,  'a
vein,' and artvuais, 'contraction.' Constriction or
contraction of a vein.
  PHLEBOT'OMIST, from tpXtif, tpXtfa, 'a vein,'
and  rtpvui, 'I cut'  A bleeder.  One  who prac-
tises particularly the art of  phlebotomy.  See
Blood-letting.
  PHLEBOTOMUM, Fleam.
  PHLEBOTOMY, see Blood-lettfng.
  PHLEBS, Vein.
  PHLEDONIA,  Delirium.
  PHLEGM, Phhgma,  tpXtypa, Pitui'ta, Piluite, 
PHLEGMA NARIUM CRASSUM     706            PHLORIDZINE
3Iiicua, Mother, (F.) Phlegme, Pituite.  One  of I
the four natural humours of tbe  ancients, which,
according to them, was cold  and moist, as  atra-
bilis was cold  and dry.  It predominated,  espe-
cially,  in winter.
  Pitnita was  afterwards applied to every aque-
ous or excrementitious humour, such as the  sa-
liva, nasal and intestinal mucus, serum, Ac.  The
terms phlegm and pituita are no longer used in
physiology, — the different humours  having  re-
ceived  particular names;  but the vulgar still  use
phlegm to  designate a stringy  mucus,  expecto-
rated,  or rejected by  vomiting.   The  ancient
chymists gave the name 'phlegm'  to  aqueous,
insipid, and inodorous products obtained by sub-
jecting moist  vegetable matters to the action of
beat. •
  PHLEGMA NARIUM CRASSUM, Nasal mu-
cus— p.  Vitrioli, Sulphuric acid (very dilute.)
  PHLEG'MAGOGUE,  Phlegmago'gue; ■ from
tpXtypa, 'phlegm,' and  ayoi,  'I expel.'  A medi-
cine, formerly believed capable of "cutting" or
removing phlegm.
  PHLEGMAPYRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal.
  PHLEGMASIA, Inflammation, Phlegmon—p.
Adenosa, Adenitis—p. Alba dolens puerperarum,
Pb. dolens — p. Cellularis, Induration of the cel-
lular tissue—p. Glandulosa, Adenitis—p. Myoica,
Myositis — p. of the Peritoneum, Peritonitis.
  PHLEGMA'TIA, from ipXtypa, tpXtyparos,
'phlegm.'  CEdema, Anasarca, Hydrops.
  Phlegma'tia Dolens, P. lac'tea seu dolena  seu
alba dolena seu Lettcophlegmasia dolens seu Spar-
gano'sis seu Scelalgia seu (Ede'ma puerperarum,
Scelon'ciis, Anasar'ca sero'sa, Ecphy'ma cedemal-
icum, Ecchymo'ma lymphalicum, Is'chias a  spar-
gano'si, (Ede'ma lactettm, Infarc'tus lac'tei. extre-
tnita'tnm, Metaa'taaia lactis,  Hysteralgia galac'-
tica, Hydrophlegma'sia textus  cellulo'si, Crural
Phlebitis, White leg, Swelled leg, 31ilk leg, White
swelling ofi lying in women, (F.) (Edhne  dee nou-
velles accouchSee, CEdlme  douleureux dee fiemmee
en  couche, DSpot laiteux eur la cuiaae,  CEdZme
actifidea nouvellea accouchSee, Enflure ou Engorge-
ment dee jambee et dee cuiaaee de la fiemme accou-
chSe, E.  laiteux  dee membree  abdominaux.  It
occurs, for the most part, in  the second or third
week after delivery:—is limited to the lower  ex-
tremity, and chiefly to one side: exhibiting to  the
touch a feeling of numerous irregular prominences
under the skin. It is hot, white, and unyielding;
and is  accompanied, sooner or later, with febrile
excitement.  After a few days,  the  heat, hard-
ness, and sensibility diminish, and the  limb  re-
mains oedematous for a longer or shorter period.
The disease frequently, if not generally, consists
in  the obstruction of  the iliac or other veins.
Owing to the pressure of the gravid uterus — the
flow of blood being obstructed — the serous part
of it is thrown out into  the cellular membrane of
the limb. Sometimes the vein is found completely
obliterated.
  The  treatment consists in  the use  of antiphlo-
gistics : — the  application of leeches or cupping-
glasses near the groin, fomentations to the  limb,
Ac.; and, when the active state has subsided,  the
use of  a roller, applied  gently at first, but, after-
wards, gradually tightened.
  Phlegmatia Lactea, P. dolens.
  PHLEGMATIiE, see Empresma—p. Membra-
nosae et parencbymatosae, Empresma.
  PHLEGMAT'IC,  Phlegmalicue, from ipXtypa,
' phlegm.' Abounding in phlegm,—as the 'phleg-
viaric or lymphatic temperament'
  PHLEGMATOCHEMY, see Chemistry.
  PHLEGM^TOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-menin-
geal.
  PHLEGMATORRHAG"IA, Phlegmatorrhce'a,
Catarrh,  from  <pXt,vpa, tpXtyparos, 'phlegm,' and
ptte, ' I flow.'   Stahl and his partisans gave this"
name to a copious secretion, by the nostrils, of a
limpid and thin mucus, without inflammation. It
is  the Cory'za Phlegmatorrhag"ia of Sauvages.
See Coryza.
  PHLEGMnYMENITlS, Phlegmymenitis.
  PHLEGMON, from fXtym, 'I burn.'  Phlogo'-
eie phleg'mone, Phleg'mone, Phlegma'eia, Incen'-
dium,  Inflamma'tio,  (Prov.)  Beat.   Inflamma-
tion of the areolar texture accompanied with red-
ness, circumscribed swelling, increased heat and
pain; which is, at first, tensive and lancinating;
afterwards, pulsatory and  heavy.   It  is apt to
terminate in  suppuration.  It requires the  anti-
phlogistic treatment,  until suppuration seems
inevitable, when tbe suppuration must be encou-
raged  as  the next  favourable  termination to
resolution.               ^      _
  PHLEGMON PERINEPHRETIQUE,  Pe-
riphrenitis— p. Peri-uterine, see Peri-uterine.
  PHLEGMONE,  Inflammation—p.  Mammae,
Mastodynia  apostematosa—p. Mastodynia, Mas-
todynia apostematosa — p.  Parotidaea, Parotis —
p. Peritonaei, Peritonitis—p. Parulis, Parulis—p.
Musculorum, Myositis — p.  Ventriculi,  Gastritis.
  PHLEGMONEUX, Phlegmonous.
  PHLEGMONODES, Phlegmonous.
  PHLEGMONOID. Phlegmonous.
  PHLEG'MONOUS,  Phlegmono'dee, Phleg'mo-
noid, (F.) Phlegmoneux, from tpXtypovn, (tpXtyia,
T burn,') 'a phlegmon,' and ttios, 'resemblance.'
That which  relates  or belongs to or resembles
phlegmon.
  Phlegmonous Inflammation is the  active in-
flammation of the areolar membrane; in contra-
distinction to erysipelatous  inflammation, or that
of the skin.
  PHLEGMOPYHA, Fever, adeno-meningeal.
  PHLEGMORRHAGIA, Blennorrhoea.
  PHLEG3IORRHAGIE PULMONAIRE,
Bronchorrhcea.
  PHLEGMORRHCEA, Blennorrhoea.
  PHLEGMYMENITIS,PA%mA.vOTem'fi«,from
<pXtypa, 'phlegm,' 'vpnv, 'a  membrane,' and  itie,
the termination for inflammation.   Inflammation
of a mucous membrane.
  Phlegmymenitis Enterica, see Enteritis.
  PHLEPS, Vein.
  PHLOGIA, Inflammation.
  PHLOGICUS, Inflammatory.
  PHLOGISTIC, Inflammatory.
  PHLOGISTICI, Empresma.
  PHLOGISTON,  Hydrogen.
  PHLOGMUS, Verbascum thapsus.
  PHLOGO'DES, from tpXo£, tpXoyos, (tpXtyto, 'I
burn,') 'flame,'  and  ttios,  'resemblance.'   In-
fla'med,  Inflamma'tue,  Inflammato'rine, Inflam-
matory.  An  epithet  employed  particularly to
express the red colour of the face.
  PHLOGOGUS, Antiphlogistio.
  PHLOGOPYRA, Synocha.
  PHLOGOSED, Inflamed.
  PHLOGO'SIS, Incen'dium, Inflamma'tion, from
tpXot,, ipXoyos, 'flame.'  Some writers use  this word
exclusively for external inflammation — phleg-
mon ; others, for that which is superficial or ery-
sipelatous.
  PHLOGOT'ICA, Inflammations.  The  second
order in the class Hamatica of Good
  PHLOIOS, Cortex.
  PHLOMUS, Verbascum thapsus.
  PHLOOS, Cortex.
  PHLOR'IDZINE,  Phloridzi'na,  Phloridzin,
from tpXoos, 'inner  bark,' and ptra, 'root'  The
bitter or active principle of the root and trunk
of the apple, pear, cherry, and plum  tree.   It is
deposited from the decoction on cooling; crystal-
lizes  in silky spicula of a dead white colour when
in  masses, or  in long  slender prisms or tables 
PHLOUS                 70
wnen crystallized with care.  1000 parts of water,
at a temperature of from 32° to 71 °, only dissolve *
about one part; but at from  70° to 212°, it is
dissolved in all proportions.  It is  very soluble
in pure alcohol, but only slightly so in  ether;
s. g. 1.429.  It has been administered success-
fully in intermittents,—10 to 20 grains being  ge-
nerally required to arrest the paroxysm.  It may
be given either in the form of pill or powder.
  PHLOUS, Cortex.
  PHLOX, Verbascum thapsus.
  PHLYCT^E'NA,  Phlycta'nie, Phlyctie, Phly-
za'eion, Ampulla,  Holophlyc'tidee,  Phlyc'tidee,
Phlyaie, from tpXvtya, 'I boil.'  Tumours formed
by the accumulation of a serous fluid  under  the
epidermis.
  PHLYCTJENULA, see Hydatid.
  PHLYCTENOID, Phlyctenoi'dee, from phlyc-
tana,  and  ttios,  'resemblance.'   Resembling
phlyctaenae.  An epithet for a variety of herpes.
  PHLYCTEN'ULAR, same etymon  as  Phlyc-
taena.   Of or belonging  to  phlyctaenula, — as
phlyctenular  ophthalmia; inflammation  of  the
eye,  accompanied  with phlyctaepulae  on  the
cornea.
  PHLYCTIDES, Phlyctaena.
  PHLYCTID'IUM, same  etymon.  A circular
or annular spot of inflammation of the  corium,
encircled  by a red ring or  zone, within which
suppuration takes place.  The genuine small-pox
pustule, and that produced by tbe application of
tartar emetic ointment, are examples of it.
  PHLYCTIS, Phlyctasna.
  PHLYSIS, tpXvots, same etymon.  A cutaneous
eruption.  An ulcerative, subcutaneous tumour:
flat, tensive, glabrous :  diffused, hot, throbbing;
at  length  fluctuating,   with  an acrid ichor.—
Good.
  Phlysis, Phlyctaena — p.  Ecthyma, Ecthyma
— p. Impetigo, Impetigo—p.  Porrigo, Porrigo —
p. Scabies, Psora.
  PHLYZACIA, Ecthyma.
  PHLYZACION, Phlyctaena.
  PHOBODIPSON, Hydrophobia.
  PHOCOM'ELUS, from  tpoien, 'a  seal,'  and
ptXos, 'a limb.'  A monster, in which tbe limbs
are shortened; the hands and  feet appearing to
exist alone, and to be  inserted immediately on
the trunk, as in the seals and the herbivorous
cetacea. — I. G. St. Hilaire.
  PH03NICINE, Hsematin.
   PHC3NICISMUS, Rubeola.
  PH03NIGMUS,  Phenigmus —p. Petechialis,
Purpura simplex.
   PHC3NIX  DACTYLIFERA, Date tree —p.
Excelsa, Date tree.
   PHC3NODINE, Haematin.
  PHONATION, Phona'tio,  from  tfuvn, 'voice.'
The physiology of the voice.
  PHONE, Voice.
   PHO'NICA, tpoivixa,  from  ipmvn,  'voice.'   The
first order of the  class Pneumatica,  in  Good's
Nosology.  Defined: diseases affecting the vocal
avenues: — the passage of the voice impeded, or
its  power suppressed or depraved.
  PHONON'OSI,  Phononu'ei, from tpoivn,  'the
voice,' and voaos,  'a  disease.'   Phonopathi'a,
Morbi vocie.   Diseases  of the voice.
  PHONOPATHLE, Phononosi.
  PHORA, Gestation.
  PH#RBE, Pabulum.
  pnORONOM'IA, from tptpu, 'I move,'  and
vopos, 'law.'  The doctrine of muscular motion.
  PHOROUS, from rpw, 'I carry.'  A suffix de-
noting convevance. Hence, Galactop^orou*,  Ac.
  PHOS,  Lig"ht.
  PHOSPHAS, Phoephate.   A salt  formed by
the union of phosphoric acid  with a salifiable
base.
7             PHOTOPSIA
  Phosphas  Calcicum  Stibiatum,  Antimonial
powder — p. Calcis stibiatus, Antimonial powder
—p. Natrieum, Soda, phosphate of.
  PHOSPHATE, Phosphas.
  PHOSPHAT'IC, Phosphaliciis, from Phospho-
rus.  Relating to  the  phosphates;  hence  the
Phosphalic Diath'esie is the habit of body which
favours the deposition of the phosphates from the
urine.
  PHOSPHENE, see Photopsia.
  PHOSPHORE, Phosphorus.
  PHOSPHORENESES.   M. Baumes unites,
under this generic name, diseases which he attri-
butes to disordered phosphorization; i. e.  to ex-
cess or deficiency of calcareous phosphates or its
decomposition.   Amongst  these  affecti'ons  he
ranks rachitis, osteo-malacia, and gout.
  PHOSPHORESCENCE,   Phosphoreecen'tia,
Luminoe'ity; from phoephorue.  The properties
possessed by certain bodies  of being luminous in
obscurity, or  under particular  circumstances.
This phosphorescence has been occasionally wit-
nessed in man, when suffering from some wasting
disease, and near death.
  PHOSPHORIC  ACID,  Ac"idum phosphor'-
icum,  (F.) Acide phoephorique. Same etymon.  A
solid, colourless  compound; highly sapid; very
soluble in water, and vitrifiable by  fire. It exists
in bones combined with lime.  It  has  been  em-
ployed in medicine in the form of lemonade, in
passive  hemorrhage, typhus, phthisis, marasmus,
Ac, and in  injection in  cases of cancer  of tha
uterus.  It does not seem  preferable to other
acids. An Acid'um phosphor'icum dilu'tum is offi-
cinal in the London pharmacopoeia.
  PHOSPHORNECROSIS, see Phosphorus.
  PHOSPHORURIA, Urir.e, phosphorescent.
  PHOS'PHORUS, Phoe'phorum, Autophos'pho-
rua, Ignie philoaoph'icua, Lumen conatana, from
tpws, 'light,' and tptpio, 'I carry.' (F.) Phoaphore.
'A light carrier.'  An  elementary or  undecom-
posed substance; not metallic; solid; transparent
or semitransparent; colourless; brilliant; flexible;
of  a  sensible garlic odour;  very inflammable,
and susceptible  of combining with the oxygen
of the atmosphere, at even the ordinary tempera-
ture.  It does not exist pure in nature,  but  is
found  frequently united to  other bodies.  Its
fumes in the manufacture of lucifer and Congreve
matches have caused, it is  said, necrosis  of the
lower jaw—Phoaphornecro'eia,  phoephorue jaw
dieeaee, L'ucifer-match-makere' Diaeaee.
  Phosphorus has  been used in medicine,  dis-
solved in ether or suspended in the yolk  of egg,
as a stimulant; but the greatest precautions are
necessary in its administration: hence it is rarely
employed.
  Phosphorus Jaw Disease, see Phosphorus.
  PHOSPHURIA, Urine, phosphorescent.  Se«
Urine.
  PHOTOCAMPSIS, Refraction.
  PHOTOMA'NIA, from tpms, iptaros, 'light,' and
mania.  Insane delirium induced by light
  PHOTOPHO'BIA, from <pws, tpuros, 'light,' and
ipo/ios, ' fear.' Aversion to light:—intolerance of
light.  Nyctalopia.
  PHOTOPHOBICUS, Lucifugus.
  PHOTOPHOBOPHTHALMIA, Nyctalopia.
  PHOTOPHOBUS, Lucifugus.
  PHOTOP'SIA, Vieue lu'cidue, from <pu>s, tpieros,
' light,'  and wtp, ' the eye.'  A  false perception
of light, as of sparks, flashes of fire, Ac, occa-
sioned by certain  conditions of the retina and
brain, and  by pressure on the eyeball.   When
pressure does not  induce the luminous appear-
ance, (F.) Phoephlne, the existence of  amaurosis
may be  inferred.  See Metamorphopsia. 
PHOTURIA               708               PHTHISIS
  PHOTU'RIA, from  0wS,  tpj>ros,  'light,' and
tvpov, • urine.' A luminous condition of the urine.
  PHRAGMOS, tppaypos, ' a  fence,' from <ppaoou>,
 I enclose.'  A  row of teeth.
  PHRASIS, Voice,  articulated.
  PHRASUM,  Marrubium.
  PHREN,  <ppnv,  'the mind.'  Also,  the dia-
phragm and scrobiculus cordis.
  PHRENAUX'E, Hypertroph'ia  cer'ebri, from
$pnv, ' the mind, the organ  of  mind,' and  av^n,
' increase.'   Hypertrophy of  the brain.
  PHRENATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia cer'ebri, from
<Ppuv, 'the  mind, the organ  of mind,' a, priv.,
and rpoipn, 'nourishment'  Wasting or atrophy
of the brain.
  PHRENES,  Diaphragm.
  PHRENESIA. Phrenitis.
  PHREN ES1E, Phrenitis.
  PHRENESIS, Delirium, Phrenitis.
  PHRENETIASIS, Delirium, Phrenitis.
  PHRENETISMUS,  Phrenitis.
  PHRENIC, Diaphragmatic.
  PHRE'NICA, from <pp*v, 'the mind.'  Diseases
affecting the intellect; characterized  by error,
perversion, or debility of one or more ofthe  men-
tal faculties, (Phrenopathla.)  The first order of
the class Neurotica of Good.   Also, remedies that
affect the mental'faculties — Phren'ice.—Pereira.
   PHRENICS, see Phrenica.
   PHRENICULA HYDROCEPHALICA, Hy-
drocephalus internus.
   PHRENISMUS, Phrenitis.
   PHRENITIS, Phren'eaie,  Phrene'aia, Phre-
netlaeie, Phrenie'mus, Phrenetie'mua, Cepholi'tia,
Encephalitis, Cerebrltie, Cephalalgia inflamma-
to'ria, Karabitue (Arab.), Sibare,  Sphacelia'mua
cer'ebri, Emprea'ma  cephali'tie, Sirlaeie, Seirl-
aeia, Sidera'tio, Inflamma'tio seu Cauma phrenl-
tie, Phreney, Delirium, Brain Fever, (F.) PhrSnS-
eie,  CSrSbrite,  Inflammation du* cerveau et  du
cervelet, from tppnv, 'the mind,' and itie, denoting
inflammation.   A disease characterized by violent
pyrexia, pain in the head, redness of the face and
eyes,  intolerance of  light and sound,  watchful-
ness, and delirium, either furious  or muttering.
Its causes are the same  as those of other inflam-
mations : sometimes, however, it is induced by a
Coup de soldi; by  inebriation ; violent  mental
emotions, Ac.  Some authors  have given the name
Phrenitie and 31eningitie to  inflammation of the
membranes  of the brain; and that of  Cephalitie,
Encephalltie, or Cerebritie to inflammation of the
substance of the brain ; but  there are no pathog-
nomic symptoms, which can lead us to refer the
seat of  the^disease to either  of those parts exclu-
sively.   Phrenitis is, of course, a very dangerous
affection, from  the importance of the organ con-
cerned.  The most active treatment must neces-
sarily be pursued.  Repeated bleeding: purging;
the application of ice to the  shaved head;  a po-
sition in which  the head is raised ; and the avoid-
ing of irritation of every kind ;—form the reme-
dial  means  during the  violent stage.  After this
has yielded, counter-irritants to the nape of the
neck or to other parts  of the body will be useful
adjuvants.  When the  brain and  meninges were
affected only symptomatically, as in inflammation
of the diaphragm, the disease was formerly called
Paraphrenitie.
   Hydrocephalus acutue is a  variety of phrenitis,
   Phrenitis Calentura, Coup-de-eoleil—p. La-
trans, Hydrophobia—p. Potatorum, Delirium tre-
mens—p. Verminosa, Vercoquin.
   PHRENO-GLOTTISM, Asthma thymicum.
   PHRENOLOGY, Craniology.
   PHRENO-MAG'NETISM.PAreno-mes'mtrrism,
Mee'mero-phrtnol'ogy.  A term applied to the con-
dition  of a  mesmerized person, in  which,  when
any cerebral or phrenological organ—so called—
is touched, the functions of the organ are mani-
fested.  It has  been  established,  that  no such
phenomena  can be  elicited  in children, or  in
those who have  never seen a phrenological  cast
or picture.
  PHREXOPARALYSIS, see Paralysis.
  PHRENOPATHIA, see Phrenic*.
  Phrenopathi'a  ^Ethe'rea.   The aggregate
of encephalic phenomena induced by the inhala-
tion  of ether.
  PHRENRY, Phrenitis.
  PHRICASMUS, Horripilation.
  PHRICE. Horripilation.
  PHRICIA, Horripilation.
  PHRICIASIS, Horripilation.
  PHRICO'DES (FEBRIS,) from tppien, 'a shi-
vering;' Horrif'ica.  A fever in which the chill
is very intense and prolonged.
  PHRYAGMA, Shuddering.
  PHRYCTE. Colophonia.
  PHRYG"IUS (LAPIS).  An earthy matter,
found in Phrygia and Cappadocia, and formerly
employed  as an-astringent. — Gorrreus.
  PHTHARMA CALIGO, Caligo—p. Cataracta,
Cataract — p. Glaucoma, Glaucoma.
  PHTHEIR, Pediculus.
  PHTHEIRE'MIA,  from tpdtipu, 'I  corrupt,'
and  'aipa,  'blood.'   A state in  which the plastic
powers of the blood are deteriorated.
  PHTHEIRrASIS,P£fA?rt'a*is,0$fipta<T«,from
tp$ttp, ' a louse;' 3Iorbue pediculo'eue seu pedicu-
la'rie, Prurigo pedicula'rie, Pedicula'tio, 3Ialie
pedic'uli,  Peta'le, Loueineae, Loney diaeaae,  (F.)
3Ialadie   pSdiculaire,  Phthiriaee.   A  disease
which consists in the excessive multiplication of
lice  on the human body, under  conditions  in
which it  does not ordinarily take place, and  in
spite of cleanliness.   It has  beon asserted  that
the affection has often caused death.  Simple and
medicated baths have been recommended  for its
removal;  lotions of the decoction or infusion of
tobacco and stavesacre, mercurial frictions, Ac.
  PHTHEIRIUM, Delphinium staphisagria.
  PHTHEIROCTONUM,  Delphinium  staphi-
sagria.
  PHTHINAS,  Phthisis.
  PHTHIXODES, Phthisicus.
  PHTHIRIASE, Phtheiriasis.
  PHTHIRIASIS, Malis, PhtheiriasiB.
  PHTHIRIUM SCABIEI, see Psora.
  PHTHIRIUS, Antiparasitic—p. Inguinalis,
see Pediculus.
  PHTHIROCTONUS, Abortive.
  PHTHIROPORON, Autumn.
  PHTHISES: same etymon as Phthisis.  In
the  classification of  Fuchs,  diseases attended
with ulceration, hectic fever, and emaciation.
  PHTHISIC,  Phthisis.   Also, a slight tickling
cough, (Prov.)  Tieeick.
  PHTHISICAL, Phthisicus.
  PHTHIS'ICUS, Phthino'dee, Phthie'ical,  Tie'-
ical, (F.)  Phthieique, Poitrinaire; same etymon
as phthisis.  Belonging to phthisis.  Also, one
labouring under phthisis, or who is coneumptive.
  PHTHISIE,  Phthisis pulmonalis—p.  Aigue,
Consumption,  galloping—p. Calculeuee, Calculi,
pulmonary, see Lithiasis pulmonum—p. Carcino-
mateuae, Phthisis, cancerous—p. Galopante,  Con-
sumption, galloping — p. avec  3ISlanoee, Anthra-
cosis pulmonum—p. MSeentSriqne, Tabes mesen-
terica—p. TrachSale, see Phthisis laryngea — p.
 Tuberculeuse, Phthisis pulmonalis.
   PHTHISIOL'OGY, Phthieiolog"ia,from 0*i»:,-,
and Xoyos-  A treatise od phthisis.
   PHTHISIOSIS. Tubercular consumption.
   PHTHISI-PNEUMONIA,  Phthisis  pulmo-
nalis.
   PHTHISIQUE, Phthisicus.
   PHTHISIS,   Phthoe, Phthinae, Tabee, Te'ce- 
PHTHISIS
709
PHTHISIS
don, Conenmption, Decline, Phthia'ic, Tia'ic, from
tpdiui, ' I waste away, I decay.'  This word, taken
in a general sense, means progressive emaciation
of every part  of the  body.  It is usually, how-
ever, restricted to phthisis pulmonalis.
   Phthisis Acuta, Consumption, galloping — p.
Black, see Anthracosis.
   Phthisis, Bron'chial,  Phthiaie  bronchia'lie.
Phthisis occasioned by the pressure of enlarged
tuberculous bronchial glands, which, not  unfre-
quently, communicate with caverns in the lungs,
or with the bronchia.
   Phthisis Calculosa, Lithiasis pulmonum.
   Phthisis, Can'cerous,  Scirrhus, Carcinoma et
Fungus  Pulmo'num, Med'iillary or Enceph'aloid
Tumour  of the Lung, (F.) Cancer du Poumon.
Cancer  of  the  lung, which gives rise to carci-
nomatous  phthisis, (F.) Phthieie carcinomateuse,
of Bayle.
   Phthisis Consummata,  see Ph. pulmonalis—p.
Dorsalis,  Tabes  Dorsalis — p.  Dyspeptic,   see
Phthisis — p.  Exulcerata, Ph.  pulmonalis — p.
Hepatica, Hepato-phthisis — p. Ischiadica,  Is-
chio-phthisis.
   Phthisis Larynge'a, Chronic Laryngitie, La-
ryngitie et Tracheltie chron'ica,  Tubercttlo'ais
laryn'gis et trache'a, Laryn'go-et-Tracheophthieie,
Laryngophthieie, Ulcera seu Helco'eie Laryngis,
(F.) Phthiaie  laryngSe, Ulcere du larynx, Laryn-
gite  avec  eScrStion de Pita, is a species  of  con-
sumption analogous to phthisis pulmonalis,  pro-
duced by inflammation and ulceration of the in-
terior of the larynx,  and sometimes by caries of
the  cartilages.   Phthiaia trachea'lia, Tracheo-
phthi'eie, (F.) Phthiaie trachSale, is a similar affec-
tion, seated in the trachea. Chronic inflammation
of the larynx and trachea  may exist, however,
without tubercles  or phthisis.
   Phthisis Meseraica, Tabes mesenterica  — p.
Nodosa,  Ph. pulmonalis — p. Mucosa, see Bron-
chorrhoea— p. Notias, Tabes dorsalis — p. Pitui-
tc=a, see Bronchorrhcea.
   Phthisis  Pulmona'lis, Ph.  pulmo'num   seu
pulmona'rie seu  nodo'ea pulmona'lis vera  seu
tubercttlo'aa seu acrophulo'ea seu tuberculo-ulce-
ra'ta seu purulen'ta  exuleera'ta seu exulcera'ta,
 3Iarae'mue seu Hee'tica seu Hamop'tysis phthisis,
 Passio  vomicoflua,   Phthisi-pneumo'nia, Tabes
pulmona'lis seu pulmo'num, Ulcus pulmonum,  Hel-
 eo'rie pulmona'lis, Pneumonophthleie,  Pneumo-
 noph'tho'i,  Pneumop'ihoe, Pulmo'nia, Tuberculo' -
 eia Pulmo'num, Gongrophthlaia, Morbua Ang'licua,
  Tuberculoid disease of the lungs, Pulmonary con-
 sumption, Consumption, Decline, Phthisic, Tisic,
 (Sc.) Teasick,  (F.) Phthisic, P. pulmonaire seu
 tuberculeuse,  Crachement  de pus.  Occasionally,
 this formidable disease occurs  accidentally: but,
 usually, it is caused  by a conformation obtained
 from progenitors.  This,  at least, predisposes to
 it; and but a slight exciting cause  may be re-
 quired to rouse the predisposition into action.  It
 is less a disease of the torrid zone; and in tbe
 temperate  regions of the globe, its pathology is
 often intimately allied with that of scrofula.  It
 consists  in the formation  of tubercles  in the
 lungs, which  sooner  or later inflame and break
 down.  In such  a  constitution, ulcerations of
 the lungs do not readily heal; and  hectic  fever
 — the universal attendant upon irritability and
 debility — is  established.  This persists,  and
 gradually wears down  the patient,  till  he  ulti-
 mately  expires,  exhausted  by  the irritative
 fever.   The chief symptoms  are the following.
 The patient feels a  sense of  uneasiness  in the
 chest, with  severe fits of coughing, or a short
and  dry  cough  with dyspnoea.  This  may be
considered the incipient stage.  The cough  then
becomes extremely  troublesome, especially  in
the morning;  and dyspnoea is increased on the
 slightest exertion.  The expectoration is evidently
 purulent, with fever in the evening,  and circum-
 scribed redness of  the cheeks;  wasting  and col-
 liquative sweats early in the morning. This must
 be considered the confirmed stage,—Phthisis con-
 summa'ta, Pneumophthlsis.  In the third, or last
 stage, the  hectic is constant, with  small pulse,
 pungent heat, colliquative sweats, and diarrnoca.
 The weakness becomes  extreme,  and the patien*
 exhausted.   Physical Signs. — 1.  In  the  first
 stage, whilst there are yet scattered miliary tu-
 bercles,—the only appreciable  change at the ex-
 terior of the chest, and  this is  not constant, is a
 want of freedom in the movements  under one or
 both clavicles.   Percussion will generally disco-
 ver a slight diminution  of sound corresponding
 to the summit of one  lung.   In the  same situa-
 tion, auscultation shows that the inspiratory mur-
 mur is either weaker,  rougher, or  confused.  The
 sound of expiration is more distinct. The voic«
 and cough are rather  more resonant, and wheez-
 ing or mucous rdlea are occasionally  heard in the
 same region.  2.  When the tubercular deposition
 has become more abundant, the motion of tbe
 chest is more markedly diminished  under one or
 both clavicles.   The loss of sound on percussion
 is more distinct, the inspiration, on auscultation,
 is bronchial, the expiration louder and  more su-
 perficial,  and the resonance  of  the voice and
 cough is increased.  The rest of the lung is per-
 haps healthy, or the  respiration  may be peurile.
 3. When the tubercles are  undergoing softening,
 —in addition to the preceding signs, auscultation
 exhibits a subcrepitant rdle around  the apex of
 the lung,  decreasing^ from above downwards.  I*
 is most distinct during or after  the cough, and at
 the close  of a  deep inspiration.  As the diseast
 proceeds,  the  bubbling becomes   successively
 larger,  and ultimately  gargouillement  is heard,
 The inspiration and expiration are cavernous or
 tracheal.   The voice and cough indicate unusual
 resonance  and pectoriloquy.   The intercostal
 spaces are often depressed locally, and percussion
 may become gradually clearer  and even tympa-
 nitic as the cavern increases.
    Itis only in the incipient  state of this formi-
 dable disease,  that advantage can  be  expected
 from  any plan of treatment;  and of all means
I that can be devised, that of removing tb  a climate
 in which  air and  exercise can be daily enjoyed
 during the autumnal, winter, and spring month?
 is the best.  See  Climate.  If this  be  impracti-
 cable, the patient must be kept in a  regulated
 temperature, taking  care  that the chamber  i3
 duly ventilated: and  gestation  in the open air be
I used, whenever the atmosphere, although cold, is
 dry.  The other indications will be :  1.  To mode-
 rate  inflammatory action:  2.  To  support the
 strength;.and, 3. To palliate  urgent symptoms.
 The whole treatment  indeed is  palliative. Coun-
 ter-irritants relieve pain : demulcents  and  mild
 opiates alleviate the  cough : the mineral acids,
 united with opium, relieve the colliquative sweats :
 and chalk and opium the diarrhcea.
    Dr. Wilson Philip  has pointed out a  particular
 species of phthisis, which is characterized, in the
 early stage, t>y a deranged state  of the  digestive
 organs; flatulent, irregular bowels; furred tongue:
 impaired appetite; unnatural faeces; and the epi-
 gastric region more  or less full and  tender ol
 ' pressure.  The affection of the lungs is  berr
 secondary.  He calls  it Dyapeptic phthiaie.
    Phthisis  Pblmonalis  Purulenta  Exulce-
 rata, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis  scro-
 fulosa.  Phthisis pulmonalis — p.  Pulmonalis tn
 berculosa, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis
 tuberculosa-ulcerata,  Phthisis pulmonalis — p.
- Pulmonalis vera, Phthisis pulmonalis—p. Pupil-
|J lse, Synezisis—p. Pupillaris, Myosis—p.  Scrophu- 
PHTHISURIA             71
losa, Phthisis pulmonalis—p. Sicca, Tabes dor-
salis — p. Tuberculosa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis — p.
Uterina,  Metrophthisis — p.  Vesicalis,   Cysto-
phthisis.
  Phthisis Weed, Ludwigia palustris.
  PHTHISURIA, Diabetes.
  PHTHISURIE, Diabetes—p. SucrSe, Diabetes
mellitus.
  PHTHOE. Phthisis.
  PHTHOIS, Pastil, Troehiscus.
  PHTHOISCOS, Pastil, Trochiscus.
  PHTHONGODYSPHORIA, Hyperacusis.
  PHTHORA, Abortiou,  Corruption, Plague.
  PHTHORIUS. Abortive.
  PHTHOROCTONUS, Abortive.
  PHUCAGROSTIS MINOR, Pila marina.
  PHUSCA, Oxycrate.
  PHYGANTHROPIA, Misanthropia.
  PHYGETH'LON, Panus, Phypella, from tpvia,
' I  grow,' [?].   Inflammation of the superficial
lymphatic glands, not ending in suppuration.
  PHYLACTERION, Amuletum.
  PHYLACTE'RIUM, tpvXaK-rnptov, from tpvXaeoia,
* I  preserve.' A  Phylac'tery,  (F.) Phylactlre.
An amulet: — a prophylactic.
  PHYLAXIS,  Conservation.
  PHYLLANTHUS  URINA'RIA,  Binkohum-
ba.   Ord. Euphorbiaceae.  A plant employed in
Ceylon, in decoction, as a diuretic.
  PHYLLITIS,  Asplenium scolopendrium—p.
Muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria — p.  Rotundi-
folia, Asplenium trichomanoides.
  PHYMA,  Phima, from ipvoi,  'I  grow.'  With
the ancients, this word was used with great lati-
tude : sometimes, in the  sense of phlegmon, for
tumours larger than a  boil, and perfectly suppu-
rative.  In  the  nosology of Sauvages,  Phymata
is an order of diseases, to which he refers erysi-
pelas, oedema, phlegmon, emphysema,  scirrhus,
 Ac.  In that of Dr. Good it is a genus, including
hordeolum,  furunculus, sycosis, and anthrax.
   Phyma Anthrax, Anthrax—p. Anthrax  ter-
minthus, Terminthus — p. Svcosis, Sycosis.
   PHY'MATOID,  Phymatoi'des,  (F.)  Phyma-
 toide, from  ipvpa, 'a tubercle,' and ttios, 'resem-
 blance.'  A  state of cancerous tissue,  in which
 the dull yellow hue and the consistence resemble
 those of tubercle. — Lebert
   PHYMATO'SES, from tpvpa,  'a hard tumour.'
 Tuberculous diseases. — Fuchs.
   PHYMATOSIS, Excrescence—p. Cerebri,  En-
 cephalophymata — p. Elephantiasis, Elephantia-
 sis— p. Lupus,  Lupus — p. Verrucosa, Verruca.
   PHYMOSIS,  Phimosis.
   PHYPELLA, Phygethlon.
   PHYSA,  Crepitation.
   PHYSAGOGA, Carminatives.
   PHY'SALIS, from <pvoa,  ' a bladder,' referring
 to  the inflated calyx, P. Alkeken'gi seu halicac'-
 abum, Sola'num vesica'rium,  Alchachen'ge, Alke-
 ken'gi, Halirae'abum.  Winter Cherry, (F.) Alke-
 kcnge,  Coqueret.  Ord.  Solanaceae.  Sex.  Syst.
 Pentandria Monogynia.  The berries are recom-
 mended as a diuretic, from 6 to 12 for a dose, in
 dropsical and calculous  cases.  It has been af-
 firmed, that the whole  plant—twigs, leaves,  cap-
 sules and berries—possesses the antiperiodic vir-
 tues of Cinchona.
   Physalis Alkekengi, Physalis — p.  Halicaca-
 bum, Physalis—p. Obscura, Ph. viscosa—p. Perin-
 sylvanica, Ph. viscosa—p. Pubescens, Ph. viscosa
 —p. Stramonium, Anisodus luridus.
   Physalis Visco'sA,P.o6scu'ra seu Penneylvan'-
 ica seu pubee'eene, Ground cherry; indigenous.
 The berries are said to be diuretic and sedative.
   PHYSCE, Abdomen, Colon.
   PHYSCIA ISLANDICA, Lichen Islandica —
p. Nivalis, Lichen caninus.
  PHYSCO'NIA, from  tpvaxoiv,  'the  paunch.'ii
0           PHYSIOLOGICAL
Ventros'itae,  Ecphy'ma physco'nia.  Hypoear ca,
Emphrac'tica,  Visco'nia,  Hypersarchid'ios,  Pot-
belly,  Pendntoue abdo'men, Swagbelly.  Gorbelty,
(Prov.)  Gotchbelly,  Pedbelly.  A  generic  term,
under which Sauvages has comprised every large
tumour developed in the abdomen, that is neither
fluctuating nor sonorous.  Linnaeus calls it Hy-
posarca.
  Physco'nia Adipo'sa, Obee'itae seu Polyear'cia
vie'cerum.  Accumulation of fat in the intestines.
  Physconia  Biliosa,  Turgescentia  vesieulse
felleae.
  Physconia  Emphysemat'ica.   Accumulation
of air in  the  areolar tissue, or between  the coats
of particular viscera.
  Physconia  Lienis, Splenoncus — p.  Mesente-
rica. Tabes mesenterica—p. Splenica, Ague cake.
  Physconia  Strumo'sa,  Scrofula  abdomina'Hs
inter'na.   Tumid abdomen from scrophulous en-
largement of  the glands.
  PHYSCONIE   31ESENTERIQUE,  Tabes
mesenterica.
  PHYSEMA, Tympanites, Physesis.
  PHYSE'SIS, Phyee'ma,  from ipvaaoi,'  I inflate.'
An emphysematous tumour.   Tympanites.
  PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS,  see  Ceta-
ceum.
  PHYSIATRICE/Vis medicatrix naturee.
  PHYSIAUTOCRATIA, Vis  medicatrix   na-
turae.
  PHYSIC, Medicament, Medicina-—p. Indian,
Euphorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata—p. Root,
Leptandra purpurea.   ,
  PHYSICAL, Medical—p. Signs, see Symptom.
  PHYSICIAN, 3Ied'icue, Iatroe,  Acee'tor,
Acee'ter,  Althena, Tlattev, Paon, (Old  Eng.) Feeie'-
ian, Ficicion, Leche, Leech, from tpvots, 'nature.'
(F.) MSdecin, Docteur.  One who has received
his degree from an  incorporated  Institution, as
Doctor of Medicine. The French formerly used
the word phyeicien in the same sense.   It is now
appropriated  by them to the natural philosopher.
Phyeiciet has the same signification.
  Physician,  Family.   One regarded as  the
regular attendant on a family.
  Physician. Learned, Iatrosophista—p.  Prac-
tical,  Iatrotecbna — p. Priest, see Asclepiadae.
  PHYSICIEN, Physician.
  PHYSICIST, see Physician.
  PHYSICS,  MED'ICAL, Iatrxiphye'ice.  Phy-
sics directly applied to medicine, — either to the
explanation of tbe vital phenomena,  the preserva-
tion of individuals, or the treatment of  disease.
  PHYSIOAUTOCRATIA, Vis medicatrix na-
turae.
   PHYSIOG'NOMIST, Phyeiogno'mon, one who
busies himself especially with, or pretends to be
versed in, physiognomy.
   PHYSIOG'NOMY, (Old Eng.) Vie'nomy, Phy-
eiognom'ia, Phyeiognom'ica, Phyeiognom'ice, Phy-
eionom'ia,  Phyeiogiiomon'ia, Phyeiognom'one,
Phyeiognomoe'yne,  Phyeiognomosia,  Anthropo-
scop'ia, Prosopomanti'a, Prosopolog"ia, Semi ol -
ice fia'ciei, Phyeiogiiomon'ica,  Phyeiognom'ony,
3Tetopoe'copy, Proeopo'eie, from  tpvots,  ' nature,'
and yvupn,' knowledge.'   The art of knowing the
dispositions of men from  their external appear-
ance;  especially from the features.   Every infe-
rence of this kind must necessarily be extremely
fallacious, and cannot be  reduced to rule, as was
attempted  by La vater  and others.  In infantile
diseases, numerous  shades of expression are evi-
dent, which  experience  teaches  how  to appre-
ciate ;  and which afford useful guides  in under-
standing the pathology of that period of  existence
  PHYSIOLOGIA  PATHOGENETICA, see Pa-
thogenetic.
  PHYSIOLOG"ICAL, Phyeiolog"icue, (F.) Phy-
eiologique.  Relating or belonging to physiology. 
PHYSIOLOGICE
711
PICHURIM  BEANS
  Physiological Anatomy,  see  Anatomy — p. :
Doctrine, Broussaism.
  PHYSIOLOGICE, Physiology.
  PHYSIOL'OGIST, Phyaiologua.   Same  ety-
mon as the next.  One who occupies himself spe-
cially, or is well acquainted, with physiology.
  PHYSIOL'OGY,P%»to%"to, Biology, Bion'-
omy, Biolice, Biophanomenolog"ia, Phyeiolog"-
ice, OEconom'ia anima'lie, Anatom'ia viva, Anal-
ome anima'ta,  Anthropolog"ia, Microcoemogra'-
phia, Microcoe'mica ecien'tia, Cognil'io phyeio-
log"ica, Pare natura'lie medicina,  Philoeoph'ia
cor'porie vivi;  from tpvots, 'nature,' and Xoyos, 'a
description.'  Formerly,  Physiology meant  the
same as  Physics, in its  extensive signification,
now does.  At the present day, it includes the
science which treats  of the functions of animals
or vegetables;  an acquaintance with the pheno-
mena the aggregate of which constitute life.  It is
the science ofi life. It is divided into animal—Zoo-
phyeiologia, or Zoobiolog"ia; and  vegetable —
Phytophyeiolog"ia, or Phytobiolog" ia, according
as it considers the life of animals or of vegetables
singly.   Comparative phyeiology comprises both.
Physiology is, also, general or epecial, according
as it treats of life in  the abstract or in some par-
ticular species.  To  the  latter  belongs the Phy-
siology ofi Man,—called also, Hygienic Phyeiology
to distinguish it from Pathological Phyeiology or
Pathology.
   Physiology, Pathogenetic, see Pathogenetic.
   PHYSIONOMIA, Physiognomy.
   PHYSION03IIE EGAREE, see Wild.
   PHYSIS. Natura, Sex.
   PHYSOCE'LE, Pneumatocele,  Hernia vento'-
ea ; Oecheoce'le flatnlen'ta, Emphyae'ma Scroti,
from tpvaato, 'I insufflate,' and KnXn, 'a  tumour.'
An emphysematous tumour of the scrotum ; pro-
bably a case of intestinal hernia, containing much
flatus.
   PHYSOCEPH'ALUS, from tpvaato, 'I inflate,'
and KtipaXn, ' the head.'  (F.) PhyaocSphale.  Em-
physematous tumefaction of the head.
   PHYSOCOELIA, Tympanites.
   PH YSO'DES ; from tpvaato,' I inflate,' and ttios,
'resemblance.'  Full of air; apparently full of
air — applied to tumours, Ac.
   PHYSOMETRA, Emphyee'ma U'teri seu  Ute-
rinum,  Hyeteroph'yee, Hyeteremphyae'ma,  Hys-
tremphyse'ma,  31 etremphyae'ma, Infia'tio  U'teri,
 Tym'pany of  the  Womb,  ITterine  tympanltee,
from <pvoau>,  ' I inflate,'  and  pnrpa, ' the womb.'
A light, tense,  circumscribed  protuberance in the
hypogastrium, obscurely  sonorous, with  wind
occasionally discharged through the os uteri with
noise, Hyeteropaoph'ia, AEdceopeoph'ia uterina.
   PHYSON, Flatulence.
   PHYSONCUS, Emphysema.
   PHYSOPSOPH'IA;  from  tpvoaw, 'I  inflate,'
and \J/o0oj, 'a noise.'  A  discharge of air with
noise.
   PHYSOSPASMUS, Colica flatulenta.
   PHYSOTHORAX, Pneumothorax.
   PHYTEL'EPHAS  MACROCAR'PA,  from
tpvrov, 'a plant,'and tXttpas, 'an elephant' A tree
of South  America,  called, by Willdenow,  Ele-
phantu'eia, the dense  albumen  of whose  unt,
is  the vegetable ivory, which is as  durable and
nearly as hard as the ivory of the elephant
   PHYTIVOROUS, Phytophagous.
   PHYTOALOPECIA, Porrigo decalvans.
   PHYTOBIOLOGIA, see Physiology.
   PHYTO-CHYMISTRY, see Chymistry.
   PHYTOLACCA  DECAN'DRA, P.  vulgarie,
Poke Weed, Amer'ican night ehade,  Cancer root,
Poke, Skoke,' Jucato Calleloe [?], Jalap, Pigeon
Berry, Jalap  cancer root,  Sola'num racemo'eum
America'num seu magnum  Virginia'num rubrum,
Blitum America'num, Garget, (F.) Raisin d'AmS-
 rique, Phytolaque  d dix  Staminee, Morelle en
 grappee, MSchoacan du  Canada.   Ord. Cheno-
 podeacae ;  Sex. Syat. Decandria Decagynia; from
 tpvrov, ' a plant,' and lacca; because the colour
 of the juice of the berries resembles that of lacca.
 The leaves, berries, and roots are employed.  The
 young stems, when boiled,  are sometimes eaten
 at table;  but when old, they must be cautiously
 used, as the plant is emetic and cathartic.  It is
 most celebrated as a remedy in chronic rheuma-
 tism ; and is given in the form of tincture of the
 ripe berries.  It is, also, used in cutaneous erup-
 tions; tinea capitis, itch, Cancerous ulcers, Ac.  •
   The root is gathered and dried in the  fall.
   PHYTOLAQUE A DIX ETA3HNES, Phy-
 tolacca decandra.
   PHYTOLOGIA MEDICA, Botany, medical.
    PHYTO-PARASITE, Epiphyte.
    PHYTOPH'AGOUS, Phytoph'ague;  Phytiv'-
 oroue, Phytiv'orue; from  tpvrov,  'a plant,'  and
 <payw, 'I  eat'   Feeding or subsisting  on vege-
 tables.
    PHYTOPHYSIOLOGIA, see Physiology.
   PHYTOSPERM'ATA,(F.) Phytospermes ; from
 tpvrov, ' a plant,' and ovtppa, * sperm.'   Particles
 similar to  the spermatozoids of animals, observed
 in vegetables, and presumed to possess  a similar
 agency in reproduction.
    PHYTOTOMY, see Anatomy, (vegetable.)
    PHYTOZOON, Zoophyte.
    PIA MATER, Pia seu  mollie seu ten'uie  Ma-
 ter, Pia meninx, Meninx inte'rior seu vasculo'sa
 seu chordldee,  Inner lam'ina ofi the MSningine,
■ (Ch.), Membra'na vaeculo'8a  Cer'ebri,  31. Cer'-
 ebri ten'uie  seu  mollie  seu pro'pria,  (F.)   Pie
 mire, MSningette.   The  pia  mater is  a  very
 delicate membrane, which covers  the brain  im-
 mediately, penetrates into its anfractuosities, and
 envelops, also, the cerebellum and the spinal pro-
 longation, Ac.  Bichat does  not  regard  it  as  a
 membrane, properly so called, but as a net-work
 of blood-vessels, united by a lax areolar tissue.
 The Pia  31ater exterior is  the portion  of mem-
 brane which  covers the exterior of the  encepha-
 lon, and  faces  the  arachnoid externally.  The
 Pia Mater interior is that which lines  the cere-
 bral fossae, into which it  penetrates by a  cleft
 situate between the  posterior part of the corpus
 callosum  and the fornix;  and by two  other fis-
 sures, situate between the corpora fimbriata and
 thalami nervorum opticorum.  The pia mater
 contains  a great number of granulations similar
 to the Glandula Pacchioni.
    Pia Mater  Testis, Tunica vasculosa—p. Me-
 ninx, P.  Mater.
    PIAN, Framboesia.
    PIANS, MOTHER OF, Mama-pian.
    PIAR,  Fat.
    PIARHiE'MIA, Piarrha'mia, from jrtap, ' fat,
 and 'aipa, 'blood.'  Fat in trfc blood. — Simon.
    PICA,  Malacia—p. Africanorum, Chthonopha-
 gia.
    PICAC, Euphorbia corollata.
    PICACISM'US,  Pica'tio,  from pix, piJe,
 'pitch.'   Depilation by means of a pitch plaster.
 Also, Malacia.
    PICATIO, Malacia, Picacismus.
    PICEA, Pinus abies.
    PICERON, Butter.
    PICHU'RIM BEANS. The seed, Faba P.cAw
 rim,  F.   Pechu'rei,  Para nut,  Saeeafirae   nut,
 Puxiri, Brazilian nutmeg, of a tree, supposed to
 be Peree'a pichurim,  Ocote'a pichtlrim seu Pu-
 chury, Tetranthe'ra pichurim, Nectan'drapuchury,
 Puchury or Puchyry of the Brazilians, Ord.  Lau
 raceae, which grows in Brazil, Guiana, Venezuela,
 and other parts of South America.  They are of
 an elliptical  shape; flat on one side, convex on
 the other; of an aromatic  odour between that of 
PICK                   712                 PILEUS
nutmegs and  sassafras, and of a spicy, pungent
taste.  The medical properties are the same as
those of other aromatics.  For the bark, see Pe-
churim cortex.
  PICK, Emetic.
  PICKERELWEED, SHOVEL,-Unisema del-
tafolia.
  PICOTE, Variola.
  PICOTEMENT, Pricking.
  PICOTIN, Arum maculatum.
  PICRA, Pulvis aloe's et canellae.
  PICR^ENA EXCELSA, Quassia.
  PICRIA, Bitterness,
  PICRIUM SPICATUM, Coutoubea alba.
  PICROCHOLOS, Bilious.
  PI'CROMEL, Bilin; from mxpos,  'bitter,' and
ptXi, 'honey.'  A name given by Th6nard to a
colourless, soft substance, of an acrid, bitter, sac-
charine taste, nauseous smell, and very soluble in
water, which is  considered to  be  a bilute of
soda.  It is not an immediate  principle,  but a
mixture of different substances.   It forms part of
the bile, and is generally classed amongst the
animal immediate principles.
  PICROPE'CE,  Pikrope'ga, from mepos, 'bit-
ter,' and  irnynt 'a spring.'  Mineral  waters;  bit-
ter from the presence of chloride of magnesium.
  PICROS, Amarus.
  PICROTOX'INE,   Picrotox'ina,  Picrotox'in,
from trtxpos, 'bitter,'  and  toxicum, 'poison.'  A
vegetable alkali, discovered by M. Boullay  in the
3Ienispermnm Cocculus.  It crystallizes in  quad-
rangular, white, brilliant, semitransparent prisms;
which are excessively bitter, soluble in three parts
of alcohol,  and in fifteen of boiling water.
  The Cocculus Indicus owes its poisonous pro-
perties to this principle.
  PIE MERE, Pia. mater.
  P1E-MERITE, Inflamma'tio pia matris.  A
miserably compounded term, employed by M. Gri-
solle, to express inflammation of the pia mater :—
from (F.) pie mire, ' the pia mater,' and ite, itie;
a termination denoting inflammation.
  PIECE,  Hepatitis.
  PIECES D'ANA T031IE AR TIFICIELLES,
see Artificial.
  PIED, Pes—p. d'Alexandre, Anthemis pyre-
thrum—p. d'Alouette  dee champe,  Delphinium
consolida—p. Bot,  see Kyllosis—p. de  Chat, An-
tennaria  dioica—p. de Cheval marin, Cornu am-
monis—p.  de Griffon, Gryphius pes, Helleborus
foetidus—p. de Lilore, Arum maculatum—p. de
Lion,  Alchemilla— p. de Lit,  Origanum—p.
d'Ours, Acanthus mollis — p. Plat,  see Kyllosis
—p. de Veau,  Arum  maculatum—p. de  Veau
triphylle. Arum triphyllum.
  PIEIRON, Fat.
  PIERRE, Calculus—p. d'Aigle,  JEtites—p.
d'Aimant, Magnet—p. d'Azur. Lapis lazuli—p.
Calaminaire, Calamine—p.  d Cautlre,  Potassa
cum calce—p. Divine,  Lapis  divinus—p. d'Ecre-
vieee, Cancrorum chelae—p.  Infernale,  Argenti
nitras—p. Judaique, Judaeus  (lapis)—p. au Lait,
Morochthus — p. MSdicamenteuae, Medicamento-
sa lapis—p. NSphrStique,  Nephreticus lapis—p.
Ponce, Pumex.
  PIERRES CRAYEUSES, Calculi, arthritic
—p.  au  Fiel, Calculi, biliary — p.  Stercoralee,
Calculus of the Stomach and Intestines—p. Uri-
nairee, Calculi, urinary.
  PIERREUX, Petrous.
  PIESTER, Press.
  PIESTERION, Press.
  PIESTRON, from ru(u>, ' I press.' An instru-
ment recommended by Hippocrates for breaking
the bones of the foetal  head when too large to be
extracted otherwise.
  PIGAMON J A UNA TRE, Thalictron.
 !   PIGEON BERRY, Phytolacca  decandra —p
ii Breasted, see Lordosis—p. Tree, Aralia spinosa,
I    PIGMENT CELLS, see Cell, pigment.
ij   PIGMENTAL,  Pigmen'tary, Pigmenta'riue,
 ' (F.) Pigmentaire, from pigmentitm, (pingere, pic-
  tum, ' to paint,') ' paint'  Having relation to pig-
  ment or colouring matter.
    Pigmental Appara'tus, (F.) Appareil pig-
  mental.  The apparatus concerned in the colora-
  tion of the skin of the coloured varieties of man.
  — Flourens.
    PIG M ENTARIUS, Apothecary, Unguentarius.
    PIGMENTARY, Pigmental — p. Naevi, see
  Naevus.
    PIGMENTUM, Paint—p. Indicum, Indigo—
  p.  Nigrum,  see  Choroidea tunica—p.  Uracu,
  Terra  Orleana.
    PIGMY, Pygmy.
    PIGNEROLE, Cantaurea calcitrapa.
    PIGNON DE BARBARIE, Jatropha curcas
  —p. d'lnde,  Jatropha  curcas—p. d'hide, petit,
  Croton tiglium.
    PIGNUT, Earthnut, Groundnut.  The bulbous
  root of Bu'nium Bulbocaa'tanum.   Ord. Umbelli-
  ferae.   Called pignute, from the fondness  of  the
  pig for them.  They have been considered to pos-
  sess a styptic quality;  and are deemed service-
  able in atonic affections of the kidney. — Hooper.
    Pignut, Bunium bulbocastanum.
    PIG'S FLARE, Adeps suillus.
    PIKROPEG^E, Picropegae.
    PIKRY, Pulvis aloe's et canellae.
    PILA, Sphara, Palta, iraXXa, Ball.  A gym-
  nastic exercise, much used  by tbe ancients  as
  well as moderns.—Galen.  Also, a mortar and a
  pestle —Ac'one.
    Pila, Mortar,  Pillar — p. Damarum, JEgagro-
  pila—p. Rupicaprarum, iEgagropila.
    Pila  Mari'na, Sphara Marina seu Thalae'eia,
  Halcyo'nium rotun'dum,  (F.) Pelote de Mer, Zoe-
  tlre, Algue marine, A. commune ou dee Verriere.
  Certain light, round, depressed, or  oblong masses
  —inodorous and insipid—in which rushes, hairs,
  and the dSbrie of shells are met with.  These are
  found on tbe sea-shores, and have been regarded
  by Spielmann as consisting chiefly of the roots
  of the  Zoete'ra  31ari'na seu Marilima,  Alga
  3Iari'na, (Big tanglee,  Ware,  Wair, Sea-mare,)
  Phueagroe'tie minor.  Iodine is detected  in  tbe
  ashes, which accounts for their success in goitre.
  They have, also,  been given as a vermifuge.
    PILAIRE, Pileous.
    PILAR, Pileous.
    PILARE MALUM, Trichosis.
    PILATIO, from pilus, ' a  hair.'  Fracture of
  the cranium in which the  fissure  is narrow, and
 | has the appearance of a hair—a cap'illary fissure,
  (F.) Fente capillaire.
    PILE, Hair.
    PI'LEA PU'MILA, from pilue, 'a hair,'pilo-
  eue, 'hairy.'  Richweed,  Clearweed,  Coolweed;
  indigenous;  Order, Urticaceae; flowering from
  July to September; has  been used as a wash in
  poisoning  by Rhus.  It has a strong, grateful
  smell.
    PILEOLUM, Calotte.
    PILEOLUS, Caul, Pileus.
    PI'LEOUS, Pilo'eua, Pilose, Piloue, Pilar, (F.)
  Pileux, Pilaire, from pilue, ' a hair.'  That which
  relates'to the hair.  Hairy.
    Pileous System of Bichat is that formed by
  the hair.  It  comprises  the different species of
  hair of the human body.
    PILES,  BLIND, Csecae  hsemorrhoides,  see
  Haemorrhois.
,i   PILEUS, 'a hat, cap, or bonnet for the  head.'
  Pile'olue.  A  shield.  A nipple-like instrument,
II formed of various materials, and used  by females 
PILEUX
713
PILL
for protecting the nipple during the child's suck-
ing, when the part is painful.  Also, a caul.
  Pileus,  Cucupha — p. Hippocraticus, Bonnet
d'Hippocrate.  •
  PILEUX, Pileous.
  PILEWORT, Ranunculus acris, and R. ficaria.
  PILI  CAPITIS,  see  Capillus —p.  Cutis, La-
nugo— p.  Palpebrarum, Cilia — p. Pudendorum,
Pubes.
  PILIER,  Pillar.
  PILIF'EROUS,  Pi'lifer, from  pilus,  'a hair,'
and fiero,  T bear.'  Pile or hair  bearing, — as a
'pilifierous cyst,'—one containing hair.
  PILIMICTIO, see Trichiasis.
  PILL, Pilula—p. Abemethy's,  see Pilulae hy-
drargyri—p. of Aloes and Camboge, Pilules  aloes
et cambogiae—p.  of Aloes and cinchona, Pilulae
aloes et  kinae kinae — p. of Aloes and colocynth,
Pilulae aloSs et colocynthidis — p. of Aloes and
fetid gums, Pilulae de aloe et fcetidis—p. of Aloes
and  ginger, Pilulae aloes  et  zingiberis — p.  of
 Aloes and iron, Pilula* aloes  et  ferri — p. Aloes
 and myrrh, Pilulae aloes et myrrhae—p. Aloetic,
 Pilulae  aloeticae — p. Aloetic and assafcetida, Pi-
 lulae aloes et assafoetidae — p.  Aloetic, compound,
 Pilulae  aloes compositae — p.  of  Ammoniuret of
 copper,  Pilulae ammoniureti cupri—p. Analeptic,
 James's, see Analeptica — p. Anderson's, see Pi-
 lulae aloes et jalapae—p. Anodyne, Pilulse opiatae
 —p. Antibilious, Barclay's, Pilulae antibiliosas—
 p.  Antibilious, Dixon's, Pilulae  antibiliosae — p.
 Asiatic, Pilulae Asiatieae — p. Assafetida, Pilulae
 Assafoetidae—p. Bacher's, Pilulae ex belleboro  et
 myrrha—p. Barbarossa's, Barbarossae pilulae—p.
 Barthez's, see Pilulae aloes et  myrrhae.
   Pill, Blair's.   An  empirical preparation  of
 colchicum,  much used  in  England  in  cases  of
 gout.
   Pill, Blaud's.  These pills,  proposed by M.
 Blaud as  antichlorotic, are formed as follows : —
 Take of gum  tragacanth, in powder,  six grains;
 water, one drachm. Macerate in a glass or por-
 celain mortar, until a thick mucilage is formed,
 and if it be desired to  prevent the formation  of
 peroxide  of iron, and to make the pill  similar to
 those of Vallet, substitute a drachm of powdered
 sugar for  the  mucilage.  Add afterwards of eul-
 phate of iron, in  powder, half an ounce.  Beat
 well until the mixture is homogeneous, and add
 eubcarbonate ofi potaeea, half an ounce.   Beat un-
 til the  mass becomes of a deep-green colour, and
 of a soft  consistence.   Divide into  48  [?] pills.
 Dose, one  a  day; gradually  increasing to two,
 and afterwards to  three.
    Pill, Blue, Pilulae hydrargyri—p. Brandreth's,
  PilulsB aloes  et cambogiae — p.  Calomel, Pilulae
 hydrargyri chloridi mitis—p. Calomel, compound,
 Pilulae hydrargyri submuriatis  compositae — p.
  Calomel and opium, Pilulae calomelanos et opii—
 p. Camboge, Pilulae cambogiae compos.—p. Cam-
 boge, compound, Pilulae cambogiae compositae —
 p. of Carbonate of iron, Pilulae ferri carbonatis—
 p. Cathartic,  compound, Pilulae  catharticae com-
  positae—p. of Colocynth and  henbane,  Pilulae  co-
  locynthidis et hyoscyami—p. of Colocynth, com-
  pound, Pilulae colocynthidis compositae—p. Com-
  mon, Pilulae aloes et myrrhae—p. of ammoniated
  Copper, Pilulae cupri ammoniati — p. of Digitalis
  and squill, Pilulae digitalis et scillae — p. Dinner,
  see Pilulae aloes et kinae kinae, and Pilulae rhej.
    Pill, Dinner, of Mr. Mayo.  This is composed
  of P. Rhej, gr. iv ; Soda Carb. gr. j.
    Pill,  Everlast'ing.   A  pill once  in  vogue,
  and said  to be composed of  metallic  antimony.
  It was believed to have the  property of purging
  as often  as it was swallowed.   A  lady having
  swallowed one of these pills, became seriously
  alarmed  at its not passing.   " Madam," said her
  physician,  "fear  not; it  has  already  passed
through  a hundred patients  without any diffi-
culty."— Paris.
  Pill, Female, Pilulae de aloe et foetidis — p.
Ferruginous, of Vallet, see Ferri protocarbonas
—p. Fothergill's, see Pilulae aloes et colocynthidis
—p. Frank's, see Pilulae aloes et kinae kinae—p.
Fuller's, see Pilulae de aloe et  foetidis—p. Gal-
banum, compound, Pilulae  galbani  compositae —
p. Griffith's, Pilulae ferri compositae—p. Griffitt's,
see Pilulae rhej compositae—p. Gum, Pilulae gal-
bani compositae—p. Harvey's, Pilulae aloes et co-
locynthidis— p. of Hellebore  and myrrh,  Pilulae
ex helleboro et myrrha — p.  of Hemlock, com-
pound, Pilulae conii compositae—p. Hooper's, see
Pilulae  aloes et myrrhae — p. of Iodide of iron,
Pilulse   ferri  iodidi — p.  of Ipecacuanha  and
opium, Pilulae ipecacuanhae et opii—p. of  Ipeca-
cuanha and squill, Pilulae ipecacuanhae cum scillit
— p. of sulphate of Iron, Pilulae ferri sulphatia
—p. James's Analeptic, see Analeptica—p. Key-
ser's, see Hydrargyrus acetatus — p.  Lady Cres-
pigny's,  Pilulae aloes et  kinae  kinae — p. Lady
Hesketb's,  see  Pilulae aloes  et kinae kinae — p.
Lady Webster's, Pilulae aloes et kinae kinae.
   Pill, Lartigue's,  Pilula Col'chici et Digi-
ta'lie, (F.) Pilules de Lartigue.  (Ext. Coloc. c.
^ss; Ext. Sem. Colchic. alcoholic, Extract. Dig-
 ital, alcoholic, aa gr. iss; f. massa  in pilul. x di-
 vidend.)  Dose, two,  three, or more, in  the 24
 hours,  in gout, until purging is  induced.
   This is a form  that has been employed as  a
 substitute for the Pilules de Lartigue, the  compo-
 sition of which is not known.  M. Bouchardat re-
 commends for the same purpose a  combination
 of Extractum colocynthidie compositum, Extractum
 colchici  and  Extractum  opii,  which is  almost
 identical with pills prescribed by Sir Henry Hol-
 ford for the gout;  the only difference being,  that
 the latter substitutes  Dover'a powder for the Ex-
 tractum opii.
    Pill, Opiate, of Lead, Pilulae plumbi opiatae.
    Pill,  Lee's  New  London,  is composed of
 8cammony, gamboge,  calomel, jalap, aloee, eoap
 and eyrup ofi buckthorn.
    Pill,  Lee's Windham, consists  of gamboge,
 aloee, eoap and nitrate of potassa.
    Pill Machine, Pilulier—p. Matthews's, see
 Pilulae  ex helleboro  et myrrhiL — p. Mercurial,
 Pilulae hydrargyri—p. of mild chloride of Mer-
 cury, Pilulae hydrargyri chloridi mitis — p. Mof-
 fat's, Pilulae  aloes et cambogiae — p. Morrison's,
 Pilulae aloes et cambogiae, see Pilulae cambogiae
 compositae—p. Moseley's, Pilulae rhej compositae
 — p. Night, common, Pilulae opiatae—p. Opiate,
 Pilulae opiatae — p. Peter's,  see Pilulae aloes  et
 cambogiae—p. Plummer's, Pilulae hydrargyri sub-
 muriatis compositae — p. of  sulphate of  Quinia,
 Pilulae quiniae sulphatis—p. Red, Pilulae  hydrar-
 gyri submuriatis compositae—p. Red, Boerhaave's,
 see Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum—p.  of Rhu-
 barb,  Pilulae  rhej —  p. of Rhubarb, compound,
  Pilulae rhei compositae—p. Rudius's,  Pilulae aloes
 et colocynthidis — p. Rufus's, Pilulae  aloes  et
 myrrhae — p. Rush's, see Pilulae  aloes et cam-
  bogiae— p. Scotch, Pilulae de aloe et foetidis — p.
  of Soap and opium, Pilulae saponis cum opio—p.
  Speediman's, see Pilulae aloes et myrrhae — p.
  Squatting, Pilulae opiatae — p. .Squill, compound,
  Pilulae scillae compositae — p. Stahl's, see Pilulae
  de aloe et foetidis — p. Starkey's, see Pilulae ex
  helleboro et myrrhS, — p. Stomachic, see Pilulae
  aloes et kinae kinae, and Pilulae rhej — p. Storax,
  Pilulae e styrace—p.  of Strychnia, Pilulae strych-
  niae — p. of Submuriate of mercury, compound,
  Pilulae hydrargyri submuriatis compositae — p.
  Tanjore, Pilulae Asiaticae—p. Turpentine, Pilulae
  de terebiuthinS, — p.  Vallet's, see Ferri protocar-
  bonas, and Pilulae ferri carbonatis—p. Webster's, 
PILLAR                 714                 PILULE
Pilulae aloes et kinae kinae—p. Whytt's, see  Pi- |
lulae de aloe et foetidis.
  PILLAR,  Pila,  Colum'na,  Columella,  (F.)
Pilier.  A Dame  given to several parts; as  the
pillare ofi the velum palati, diaphragm, Ac.
  PILL ULA, Pilula.
  PILNA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  see
Piillna.                                      *
  PIL ON, Pilum.
  PILOSELLA, Hieracium  pilosella—v. Alpina,
Hieracium pilosella.
  PILOSUS, Pileous.
  PILOUS, Pileous.
  PIL'ULA, Pill'ula, plural Pilula.  Diminu-
tive of pila,  'a ball.'  Spharid'ion, Catapo'tion,
Catop'otum,  Catapo'tia,  Spha'rion,  Gongylion,
Gon'gylie, Gongylid'ium,  Spha'rula Gale'ni.  A
pill.   (F.) Pilule.  A simple or compound medi-
cine, weighing from one to five grains, of a firm
consistence and spherical form;  intended to be
swallowed at once,  without chewing.  The Pill
differs from the Bolue, the latter being softer and
larger.
  Medicines  are  often given in the form of pill,
on  account of their disagreeable taste and odour.
Pilula, also,  means a Pilular maee.
  PLLULJ3  EX ALOE,  P. aloes compositae—p.
de  Aloe et cambogia, P. aloes et cambogiae.
  Pilule Aloes,  P. Aloet'ica  seu ex Alo'i  et
Sapo'ne, Aloelic Pill, (F.) Pilulee d'aloee ou alo-
Stiquee.   (Aloee in  pulv.; eaponie. sing, ^j;  eyr.
q. s. to form  240  pills.—Ph.  U. S.)   Dose, gr. x.
to xx, in  habitual costiveness.
   Pilule Aloes et Assafce'tida,  Aloetic and
Aa8a.fiip.tida Pills.   (Aloes,  aeeafcetida, eaponie,
Bing. ,:§3S; aqua, q. s. to  form 180 pills.—Ph. U.
 S.)   Purgative and stomacic.  Dose, gr. x.
   Pilulae Aloes et  Cambo'gia, P. de Alo'S et
 Cambo'gid seu Hydrago'ga Bon'tii, Pill ofi Aloee
 and Camboge.  (Aloee, cambog., gum. ammoniac,
 aa p. ae. • Make into a powder.  Dissolve in vine-
 gar ; pass through  a cloth;  express the residuum
 strongly;  and afterwards evaporate, in a water-
 bath, to a pilular consistence.—Ph. P.)  Purga-
 tive ; used in dropsy.   Dose, gr.  xij to xxx.
   Peter'e Pills,—a nostrum—are formed of aloee,
 jalap, scammony,  and camboge,  of  each equal
 parts.
   The basis  of Morrieon'e Pills, often called Hy-
gilne Pille,  of  Brandreth'e Pille, and 31offat'e
 Pille, is  said  to be aloes, with  camboge, scam-
 mony, Ac.
   Rueh'e Pille were formed of calomel, aloee, and
 camboge, with oi7 ofi mint.
   Pilula Aloes  et Colocyn'thidis, P. ex Co-
 locynth'ide cum  aloe  seu Aloee cum  Colocynthide
 seu coc'cina  sencoc'chii seu colocyn'thidiecompoe'-
 ita seu coc'cia mino'ree,  Pill of Aloee anU Colo-
 cynth., (F.) Pilulee panchymagogues ou universel-
 les,  Pilules  cochSee.   (Pulp,  coloc. ^ss; aloes
 hepat., ecammon. aa 3J ;  eapon. gij ; ol. caryoph.
 gj;  eyrup. q.  s.—Ph. D.)  Cathartic.  Dose, gr.
 v to x or more.
   Foth'ergillU Pille consist of aloee, ecammony,
 colocynth, and oxide of antimony ; and Harvey's
 Antibilious  Pills, and Rudius's Pills do not dif-
 fer much from them.
    Pilula Aloes  Compos'ita, P. ex Aloe, Com-
 pound Aloetic Pille.  (Aloee epic,  extratt. cont.
 gj ; ext.  gentiana, ^ss; olei carui, gtt. xl; eyr.
 q. s.—Ph. L.) These are sometimes, also, called
 Family pille, Antibilious  pille, Ac.
    Pilula Aloes et Ferri,  Pille  ofi  aloee and
 Iron.  (Ferri eulphat. p. iij; Aloee Barbad. p.
 4];  Pulv. arom.  p. vj; Conserv.  Rosa,  p. viij.—
 Ph. Ed.)   In atonic constipation.   Dose, one to
 three pills.
    Pilula de Aloe  et  Fcb'tidis, P. Benedic'ta
Fulleri  seu Ecphrac'tica  seu Aloee martia lee,
Pills ofi  aloes and fetid  gums, Female pills, (F.)
Pilules bSnitee de Fuller.  (Aloee eocotr., eenna,
aeeafoetida, galbani, aa £ij ;  myrrh, giv; croci,
made,  aa .& : ferri eulphat.  3iss.   Reduce to
powder separately, and add ol. succin. gtt. viij;
syr. artemisia, q. 8. —Ph. P.)   Purgative,  and
given in  hysteria.   Dose, gr. xv to xx.
   Whytt'e Pille, given in similar cases, consisted
of chloride of iron, aloes,  extract of horehound,
and aesafoetida.
  Stahl's Pille, much  used as a tonic aperient in
Germany, are  made as follows:— Fernpulv., ^ss;
Aloee pulv.,  ^ij;  Ext.  colcynth., 9j; mueilag.
acacia q. s. ut fiant pil xl.
  Pilula Aloes  et  Jalap'a, commonly called
Andereon'e pills,  Anderson's  Scots'  pills, Scotch
pills.   (Aloee Barbad.  Ibj;  rad.  helleb. nigi.,
rad. jalapa, potassa  subcarb.  aa §j *;  ol. anisi,
^iv; syrup, simpl. q. s. — Gray.)   Dose, gr.  x
to xxx.
  A committee  of the Philadelphia College of
Pharmacy recommend the following: Aloee Bar-
badene. .fxxiv; eaponie. %iv; colocynthid.  £ j;
cambogia, §j  ; ol. anie. f 3SS.
   Pilula Aloes et Kina Kina, P. etomach'ica
seu ante cibum, Pill ofi aloes  and cinchona, (F.)
Pilules gourmandes.  (Aloes socotr. gvj; ext. cin-
chon. 3iij;  cinnam. 5Jj; syrup,  absinth,  q. S.—
Ph. P.)   Stomachic and laxative.   Dose, gr.  x.
to xx.
   Lady  Creepigny'e pille,  Lady . Webeter'e pille,
Lady  Heeketh's pille; the Pilulee de  Ducheene,
(Quercetanue), the Graine de  Vie ou Pilules de
CISrambourg ; the Pilules Indiennee etomachiques
de De la Croix, the Pilulee de Barbier, and the
Pilula etomach'ica Meeuee (Ph.  L. 1635), resem-
ble these.
   Frank's pills, much employed, also, as  ' dinner
pille,' or, — to use the language  of  the eccentric
Kitchener—as 'peptic  pereuadere,' are  said  to
be much used, under the name Grainea de santS,
in various  parts  of  Europe.  They  consist of
aloes, jalap,  and rhubarb, with  eyrup ofi worm-
wood as  an excipient.
   Pilula Aloes  Martiales, P. de  aloe et foe-
tidis.
   Pilula Aloes et  Myrrha, P. aloee cum myr-
rhd seu  de alo'6 et myrrhd, P. Rufi seu Rufjfl seu
comma'nea, Rufue'e  or  Ruffus's pills,  Common
 pills,  Pills of Aloee and myrrh. (Aloes, ^ij; croci,
in pulv. 3"s8  ; myrrh, ^j ; syr. q. s. to form 480
pills.—Ph. U. S.)  Cathartic and emmenagogue.
 Dose, gr. x to xx.
   Hooper's pills — possessed of.similar properties
 —according to one of Gray's formulae are made
 as follows: Ferri eulph.,  aqua, aa J§viij.  Dis-
 solve.   Add aloee Barbad. Ibij and  gviij ; canel-
 la alba, t^vj  ; gum. myrrh. 3*ij ;  opopanacis, £iv.
 The  committee  of the  Philadelphia  College  of
 Pharmacy recommend the following form : Aloes
 Barbadensie, ^ viij ; ferri  eulphatie exeiccat. t^ij,
 and £iss, vel fier>"> eulph. cryetall. 5iv ;  ext. hel-
 leb. nigr. t^ij  : myrrh, 31J ; eaponie, gij;  canetlaj
 in pulv. tritae, 3*j : zingib. in pulv. trit. 3*j.
   Speediman'e  pille consist  of aloes, myrrh, rhu-
 barb,  extract of chamomile, and eeeential oil  of
 chamomile;  and the Pille of Barthez,  of "aloes,
 myrrh,  musk, camphor, and balaam  ofi Peru.
   Pilula de Aloe et  Sapone, P.  aloeticae.
   Pilula Aloes cum Zingib'ere,  Pille  of aloee
 and ginger.   (Aloee  hepat.  ^j  ; rad. zingib. in
 pulv. 3J ; sapen. Hiepan. £ss; ol. eae. mentha pip.
 3ss.—Ph.  D.)   In habitual  costiveness.  Dose,
 gr. x to xx.
   Pilula Ammoniure'ti Cupri, P. Cupri, Pills
 of Ammo'niuret of copper, (F.) Pilulee  d'ammo-
 niure de cuivre.  (Ammoniur. citpri, in pulv. ti'n,
1 trit, gr. xvj ; mica panie, Qiv; aqua carbonatis 
PILULE
715
PILULE
ammonia, q. s.  Beat into a mass, and divide into
xxxij pills.—Ph.  E.)   Tonic  and antispasmodic,
in epilepsy, Ac.   Dose,  one pill  twice  daily;
gradually increasing the dose.
  Pilula Ante Cibum, P. aloes et kinae kinae.
  Pilula Antibilio'sa, Barclay's Antibil'ioue
pille.  (Extract of colocynth, Jij ; resin ofi jalap.
Jj: almond soap, Jiss ; guaiac, Jiij ; emetic tart.
gr. viij ;  ot7» ofi juniper, carraway, and roeemary,
aa iv drops ; eyrup of buckthorn, q. s. to form 64
pills.)  Dose, two or three.
  Dixon'e Antibilioue  pille  are formed of aloee,
scammony, rhubarb,  and tartarized antimony.
   Pilula Antiherpetica,  Pilulae  hydrargyri
submuriatis comp.—p. Antihystericae, P. galbani
compositae.
   Pilula Antiscrophulo'sa, P. ex ox'ido etib'ii
et hydrar'gyri eulphure'to nigra compos'ita.  (P.
scammon., hydrarg.  sulphur,  nigr.  aa 3*ij;  anti-
monii oxidi albi, milleped., eapon. amygdalin. aa
Jiij; extract, glycyrrh. 3" v.  Make into a mass.
—Ph. P.)  Dose, gr. iv to xx.
   Pilula Antispastica, P. galbani compositae
— p. Assafoetidae  compositae, P.  galbani  compo-
 sitae.
   Pilula  Asiat'ica, Aeiat'ic  or Tanjore pille.
 (Acid, areenioe.  gr. Iv; piper, nigr. pulv., Jix;
 acacia, q. s. ut fiant pil. 800.  Each pill contains
 about one-fifteenth of  a grain of arsenious acid.
 These pills are employed in India for the  cure of
 syphilis and elephantiasis.
  ' Pilula Assafce'tida, Aesafet'ida pille. (Ae-
 eafoetid. 3*iss; saponis, 3*ss.   Beat with water so
 as to form a mass to be divided  into 240 pills.—
 Ph. U. S.)
   Pilula  Balsam'ica,  P. Docto'rie Morton.
 (Milleped. pulverisat Jxviij ; gum ammon. Jxj;
 acid, benzoic. Jvj; croci, balsami Peruv.  aa Jj i
 balaam.  eulph. anieat.  Jvj. Mix.—Ph. P.) Tonic,
 expectorant, and balsamic.
   Pilula  Benedicta Fulleri, P.  de alo8 et
 foetidis.
   Pilula Calomelanos Composita, P. Hydrar-
 gyri submuriatis compositae.
   Pilula  Calomel'anos et  Opii, P. Hydrar'-
 gyri chlor'idi et o'pii,  Pille ofi Calomel and Opium.
 (Hydrarg. chlorid. mit. p. iij ; Opii p. j ;  Confect.
 Roe. q. s.  To be divided into pills each contain-
 ing two grains of calomel.—Ph.  Ed.)
   Pilula  Cambo'gia Compos'ita, P. de guttd
 gaman'drd seu hydrago'ga seu gummi gutta aloet'-
 ica, Gamboge pille, Compound camboge pille, (F.)
 Pilulee  de gomme  gutte compoaSee.   (Cambogia
 contrita, aloee epicat. extract, contriti., pulv. cin-
 nam. comp. sing, Jj ;  eaponie, Jij.—Ph. L.)   Ca-
 thartic.  Dose, gr. x to xx.
   Morrieon'e Pille  are  «aid by  Dr.  Paris to be
 nothing more than the above, with the addition
 of a small portion of cream of tartar.
   Pil'ula Cathar'tica Compos'ita,  Compound
 cathartic pills.   (Ext. colocynth. comp. in pulv.
 3*ss; ext. jalapa in pulv.. hydrarg. chlorid. mit.
 5a Jiij;  gambog. in pulv. Qij.  M.  Form into a
 mass with water, and make into 180  pills.—Ph.
 U. S.)  Three for a dose.
   Pilula Cocchii, P. aloes et colocynthidis—p.
 Cocciae  minores, P. aloes et  colocynthidis — p.
 Coccmae, P. aloes et  colocynthidis — p.  Colchici
 et digitalis, P. Lartigue's—p. Colocynthidis com-
 positae,  P. aloes  et colocynthidis—p. ex Colocyn-
 thide cum aloe, P. aloes et colocynthidis.
   Pilula  Colocynth'idis et Hyoscy'ami, Pills
 of  Colocynth  and Henbane.   (Pil.   Colocynth.
 comp. p. ij ; Ext. Hyoecyam. p. i.—Ph. E.) Dose,
 gr. v to gr. xx.
   Pilula Communes, P. aloes et myrrhae.
   Pilula Conii Compos'ita, Compound Pill of
 Hemlock. (Ext.  Conii Jv ; Ipecac, pulv. Jj ; The-
 riac. q. s.—Ph. L.) Dose, gr. v three times a day.
  Pilula Cupri, P. ammoniureti cupri.
  Pilula Copa'iba, Pille ofi Copaiba.  (Copaib.
3*ij; magneeia, recent6 praepar. 3J-  Mix, and
set  aside till it concretes into a pilular  mass, to
be divided into 200 pills.—Ph. U. S.)  Each pill
contains nearly five grains of copaiba.   Two  to
six  for a dose.
  Pilula Cupri Ammonia'ti, Pille  of ammo'ni-
ated Copper.  (Cupri ammon. in pulv. p. j ; mica
 pania, p. vj ; Liq. ammon. carbonat. q. s.— Ph,
E.)  Dose, one to six pills.
  Pilula de Cynoglos'so, P. de extrac'to o'pii.
(Pulv. rad.  cynogloee., eemin. hyoscyam. alb., ex-
tract, opii vinos, aa. Jiv ; pulv. myrrh. Jvj ; oliban.
Jv; croci, castor.,  aa Jiss ;  syrup  opii,  q. s. —
Ph. P.)  Anodyne.  In cough, Ac.   Dose, gr. iv
to  gr. viij.
  Pilula  Depurantes,  P.  hydrargyri  submu-
riatis compos.
  PiLUL/E  Digita'lis et  Scilla, Pille of Digi-
talis  and  Squill.   (Digital.,  Scilla,  aa p.  j;
Elect, aromat.  p. ij.—Ph. E.)  One  or two pills
for a  dose.
   Pilula Ecphractica, P.  de aloe et foetidis.
   Pilula Ferri Cardona'tis, Pills of carbonate
of  iron, Vallet'e pille, Vallet's fierru'ginone pills.
 (Ferri sulph. § viij ; soda  carbonat. %x ; 3tel.
 despumat. ^iij ; sacchar. 3*ij ; aqua bullientis, Oij ;
 syrup, q. s.   Dissolve the sulphate  of iron and
 carbonate of soda,  each in a pint of the water,
 and to each solution add a fluidounce of syrup;
 then mix the two solutions in a bottle just large
 enough to contain them; close it accurately with
 a stopper, and set it by, that the  carbonate  of
 iron may subside. Pour off the liquid, and having
 washed the  precipitate with  warm water, sweet-
 ened with syrup  in the proportion  of f^j of the
 latter to Oj  of the former, until the washings  no
 longer have a saline taste, place it upon a flannel
 cloth, and express as  much water as possible;
 then  mix it with tbe honey  and sugar.   Lastly,
 heat the mixture in a water-bath, until it attains
 a pilular consistence. —Ph. U. S.)
   Pilula Ferri Compos'ita. P. ferri cum myr-
 rhd,  Compound pills of iron,  Griffith's Pills, (F.)
 Pilulee de fer compoeSee.  (3tyrrh. in pulv. Jij ;
 eoda  eubcarb., ferri eulph.  aa Jj ; eyrup, q. s.
 Mix, to form 80 pills.—Ph. U. s!)  Tonic. Dose,
 gr. x to xx.
   Pilula Ferri Iod'idi, Pille of Iodide of iron.
 (Ferri eulphat. Jj ;  Potaee, iodid. Qiv;  traga-
 canth. pulv. gr. x : eacehar. pulv. Jss. Beat with
 syrup into a mass,  to form 40 pills.— Ph. U.  S.)
 Dose, one to three where a  tonic and eutrophic
 is indicated.
   Pilula  Ferri cum Mh «RHi, P. Ferri compo-
 sitae.
   Pilula  Ferri Sulpha*tis, Pille ofi Sulphate
 ofi Iron.  (Ferri eulph. exeicc. p. ij; Ext. Taraxac,
 p.  v; Coneerv. Roea p. ij;  Glyeyrrhiz.  pulv. p.
 iij.—Ph. E.)   Dose, gr. v to gr. xx.
   Pilula Fcetida, P. galbani compositae.
   Pilula  Gal'bani Compos'ita, P. aeeaficetida
 compos'ita seu foe'tida seu gumma'sa seu e gummi
 seu antiepae'tica seu antihyeter'ica seu  myrrha
 compos'ita, Oompound galbanum pill, Gum pill.
 (Galban.,   myrrha, aa  Jvj;  assafoetida, Jij;
 eyrup. q. s. to form 240 pills.—Ph.  U. S.)  Anti-
 spasmodic  and emmenagogue.  Dose, gr. x to
 xx.
   Pilula  Gummi.  P. galbani  compositae — p.
 Gummi guttae aloeticae, P. cambogiae compositae
 — p.  Gummosae, P.  galbani  compositae—p. de
 Gutti gamandra., P. cambogiae compositae.
   Pilula  ex  Helleb'oro et MyrrhA,  P. ton'-
 ica, Bacher'e pille,  Tonic pills ofi Bacher, Pills
 ofi hellebore  and  myrrh.   (Ext.   helleb.  nig.,
 myrrh, aa  ^j; fol. cardui  benedict,  in pulv.
 Jiij.   M. — Ph.  P.)   Tonic and emmenagogue. 
PILULE                 716                PILULE
In dropsical, cutaneous, and verminous affections.
Dose, gr. iv to gr. viij.
  Matthewe'e pille, — Starkey'e pille, are formed
of rad. helleb. nigr., rad. glycyrrh., eapon. Castill.,
rad. curcuma, opii purifi., syrup, croci, aa Jiv;
ol. tereb. q. s. ut fiat massa. — Gray.
  Pilula Hydragoga, P. cambogiae compositae
—p. Hydragogae Bontii, Pilulae aloes et cambogiae.
  Pilula  Hydrar'gyri, P.  mercuria'lee, 31er-
curial  or Blue  pill, (F.) Pilulee  de  3Iercure.
(Hydrarg. purifi. Jj ; confi. roea, Jiss ; glycyrrh.
pulv. Jss.   Rub  the quicksilver with the confec-
tion, until the globules disappear;  then add the
liquorice powder, and beat tbe whole into auniform
mass, to be divided into 480 pills.—Ph. U. S.) Anti-
syphilitic ; mercurial;—in large doses, purgative.
  A purgative pill, much prescribed  by Mr. Aber-
nethy, and  called Abernethy'e pill,  consisted of
pil.  hydrarg. gr. x;  jalap, pulv.  gr. XX;  eyrup.
rhamni, q. s. ut fiant pil. vj.   Two were given at
night,  and the next morning a wineglassful of
infitiaum aenna.
  Pilula  Hydrargyri  Chloridi et  Opii, P.
Calomelanos et Opii.
  Pilula Hydrar'gyri  Chlo'ridi Mitis, Pills
of mild chloride ofi mercury, Calomel pille.  (Hy-
drarg. chlorid. mit.  Jss;  acacia,  in pulv. Jj;
syrup,  q. s. ut fiant pil. 240. — Ph. U. S.)   Each
pill contains one  grain.
  Pilula   de  Hydrargyro, Scammo'nio  et
Aloe,  vulgo Mercuria'les,  (F.)  Pilulee 31er-
curiellee  ou  de  3Iercure, ScammonSe  et  Aloee.
(Hydrarg, purifi. Jj ; mellie, Jxj.   Rub until the
globules  disappear;  then  add aloes Socot., scam-
mon. aajij; maris,  cinnam. aa Jij. Make into
a mass.—Ph. P.)  Usee, same as  the  last, but
they are  more purgative.   Dose, gr. viij to xxx.
These  pills  are nearly the same as the Pastilles
de Renaudot.
  Pilula ex  Hydrargyro Muriatico miti cum
Sulphure Stibiato Aurantiaco, Pilulae hydrar-
gyri submuriatis compositae.
  Pilula  Hydrargyri  Submuriatis  Compos-
ita, P. ex stib'io et  hydrar'gyro seu antiherpel-
ica seu ex  hydrargyro murialico miti cum eul-
phure  etibia'to auriantiaco seu reeolven'tee cum
mercurio seu depurantee seu hydrargyri submu-
riatis,  Pilulee Hydrar'gyri chlor'idi gompo'eita,
Pilula calomel an oe copipoe'ita, Compound Calo-
mel pill, Compound pille ofi eubmuriate of mer-
cury, Calomel pille, Plummer'e pille; Red pill. (Hy-
drarg.  eubmur., antimon. sulphur, precipitat. sing.
Jij ; guaiac. gum  reein. contrit. Jiv ; spirit rect.
Jss.   Beat together.—Ph. L.)  Mercurial, and
reputed to  be diaphoretic and alterative.  Dose,
gr. v to x.
  Leake'e pilula  ealuta'ria resembles these.  It
is used in syphilis.
  Pilula  Hydrargyri  Submuriatis  et Opii,
P. Calomelanos et Opii.
  Pilula Ipecacuan'ha etOph, Pille of lpeca-
cuanha and Opium.   (Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii, p. iij;
Coneerv. Rosa, p. j.—Ph. E.)  One grain of opium
in about thirteen  grains.
  Pilula Ipecacuan'ha cum Scilla, Pills of
Ipecacuanha with Squill.   (Pulv. Ipecac, comp.
Jiij ;  Scilla  pulv., Ammoniac, in pulv. aa Jj ;
Theriac.  q. s.—Ph. L.)  Dose, gr. v to x.
  Pilula Mercuriales, P.  hydrargyri, P. de
jydrargyro, scammonio et aloe—p. Doctoris Mor-
ton,  P. balsamicae—p. Myrrhae  compositae, P.
Galbani compositae.
  Pilula Opia'ta,  Pilula  Opii (Ph. U. S.), P.
Theba'ica, Opiate pills, Common night pille, Ano-
dyne pille,  (Prov.)  Squatting pille, Nepen'thes
opia'tnm,  (F.)  Pilulee  opiacSee.   (Opii  pulv.
Jj : sapon. gr. xij ; to be m»de  into 60 pills.—Ph.
m. S.)  Each pill contains a grain of opium.
  Pilula de  Exteacto Opii, P. de cynoglosso
 — p. ex  Oxido stibii et hydrargyri  sulphureto
 nigro compositae, Pilulae antiscrophulosae.
   Pilula  Plumbi  Opia'ta, O'piate Pille of
 Lead.  (Plumb, acetat., p. vj^ Opii, p- j ;  Con-
 eerv. Roea,  p.  j.  To  be made into four grain
 pills.—Ph. E.)   Each  pill  contains three grains
 of acetate of lead.
   Pilula Resolventes cum Mercurio, P. hy-
 drargyri submuriatis compos.—p. de Rhabarbaro,
 Pilulae rhei compositae.
   The  stomachic nostrum, sold under the name
 of 3Ioeeley'e pille, consists merely of rhubarb and
 ginger.
   Pilula Qui'nta Sulpha'tis, Pille  of sulphate
 ofi quinia.  (Quin.  eulph. J j ; acacia, in pulv.
| Jij;  mel. q. s. ut fiant pilulae 480. — Ph. U. S.)
 Each  pill contains  a grain  of the sulphate of
 quinia.
   Pilula Rhej, Pt7Z« ofi Rhubarb. (Rhej pulv.
 Jvj; saponie, Jij. M. et fiant pil. 120. — Ph. U.
 S.)  Each pill contains three grains  of rhubarb.
   A  good dinner or etomachic pill  is made of
 Rhej pulv. Jij  ; Capeic. pulv. Jj;  make into a
 mass with  molasses,  and divide  into 60 pills.
 Dose, two or three before dinner.
   Pilula Rhei Compos'ita, P. de Rhabar'baro,
 Compound rhubarb pille.  (Rhei, pulv. Jj ; aloee,
 pulv. Jvj ; myrrh, pulv. Jiv; ol. mentha pip. fjss.
 Beat into a mass, with eyrup ofi orange-peel, to
 form 240 pills. — Ph. U. S.)   Laxative and sto-
 machic.  Dose, gr. x to xx.
   Pilula Rhej et  Ferri,  Pille of Rhubarb and
 Iron. (Ferri eulph. exsiccat p. iv; Ext. Rhej, p. x ;
 Coneerv. Roea,  p. v.   Make into five grain pills.)
 Dose, as a tonic and laxative, two or three pills.
   Griffitt'e pille, so called after Dr. S.  P. Griffitts,
 of Philadelphia, who  prescribed them as a tonic
 aperient, were  formed  as follows:—Rhej, pulv.
 Jiss; ferri eulph. Jss;  eaponie, Qij;  aqua, q. 8.
 ut Jiat  massa in pil.  xl dividenda. Dose, three of
 four at bedtime.
   Pilula Rufi, P. aloes et myrrhae — p. Salu-
 tariae, Leake's, see PilulaB bydrargyrf submuriatis
 compositae — p. Saponaceae, P. saponis cum opio
 — p. Saponis compositae, P. saponis cum  opio.
   Pilula Sapo'nis Compos'ita, P.  Sapona'cea
 seu sapo'nie  compoe'ita, Pille of eoap and opium,
 (F.)  Pilulee de eavon et d'opium.  (Opii, Jss;
 eapon.  Jij.  M.—Ph. U. S.)   Five grains contain
 one of  opium.
   The  Pharmacopoeia of the United States has a
 form for the  Pilula  opii, Opium pille, as well as
 for the Pilula aaponia compoeita ; the only differ-
 ence between them being in the proportion of the
 ingredients.   See Pilulae opiatae.
   Pilula e Scilla, P. jscillae eompositce.
   Pilula Scilla Compos'ita, P. acillilica seu
 scilla cum zingib'ere seu e ecilld, Compound equill
 pill. (Scilla, pulv.  Jj ; zingib. pulv., ammoniac.
 pulv. aa Jij ; eaponie, Jiij ; eyrup. q. s. ut fiant
 pil. 120. —Ph.  U. S.)  Dose, two pills.  Expec-
 torant and diuretic.   Dose, gr. x to xx.
   Pilula Scilla cum Zingibere, P.  scillje com-
 positae—p. Scilliticae, P. scillae compositae—p. ex
 Stibio et hydrargyro, P. hydrargyri submur. com-
 pos.—p.  Stomachicae, P. aloes et kinae kinae.
   Pilula Strych'nia, Pille of Strychnia."(Very
 pure etrychnine, 2 gr. ;  coneerve  ofi  roeee, Zss.
 Make into 24 pills.*)   One or two for a dose
   Pilula Sty'racis, P. S. Compoe'ita,  Storax
 Fills,   (btyracie pur. Jvi;  opit, croci, sing. Zij.
 — Ph.  E.)  Five grains contain one of opium?
   Pilule Sublinguales, Hypoglottides.
   Pilula de  Terebin'thinA. Turpentine Pill,
 Made of  turpentine boiled  in 3 times its  weight
 of water, until, when  thrown  into cold water, it
 forms  a soft paste, which has the properti,•< '„f
 turpentine, and has been administered in gleet, Ac 
PILULAR                717                 PINEA
  Pilule Thebaica, P. opiatae — p. Tonicae,  P.
ex Helleboro et myrrha.
  PIL'ULAR,  Pilula'ris,  (F.) Pilulaire, from
pilula, 'a pill.'   Relating to pills,—as  ' a pilular
mass,' 'pilular form,' Ac.
  PILULES, Piluhe—p. Agrfgativee, see Aggre-
gate—p. d'Aloee ou aloetiques,  Pilulae aloeticae—
p. d'Ammoniure  de  cuivre, Pilulae aramoniureti
cupri —p. de Barbier, see  Pilulae Aloes et kinae
kinae — p. BSnites de Fuller,  Pilulse  de aloe et
foetidis—p.  CochSes,  Pilulae aloes  et colocynthidis
—p. de Duchesne, see Pilulae Aloes et  kinae kinae
—p. de Fer compoeSee, Pilulae  ferri eompositae —
 p. Ferrugineuaee de Vallet, see Ferri protocarbo-
nas —p. Gourmandes, Pilulae aloes et kinae kinae
— p. Indiennee etomachiquee  de Delacroix,  see
 Pilulae aloes et kinae kinae — p. de Lartigue, Pill,
 Lartigue's—p. de 3Iercure, Pilulae hydrargyri—p.
 de 3Iercure, Ac, Pilulae  de hydrargyro, et scam-
 monio et aloe—p. Mercuriellee, Pilulae  de hydrar-
 gyro, scammonio et aloe—p. OpiacSee, Pilulae
 opiatae—p.  Panchymagogues, Pilulae aloes et colo-
 cynthidis—p. de Savon et d'Opium, Pilulae saponis
 cum opio—p. Univeraellea, Pilulae aloes et colo-
 cynthidis.
   PILULIER (F.), Pill 3Iachine. An  instrument
 for rolling  and dividing  pills.  Also the earthen
 pot in which pills are preserved.
   PILUM, Pietil'lue, Pietillum, Hyp'eroe, Cer'-
 cie, (F.) Pilon.  A pestle.  A wooden, iron, bell-
 metal, marble, agate, porcelain, or glass  instrument
 for beating or dividing substances in a mortar.
   A epring peetie  is one attached  above to a
 spring, so  as to take off the weight, and thus
 lessen the labour of pounding.
   PILUS,  Capillus, Caul, Hair.
   PIMELE, Fat.
   PIMELECCHYSIS, Pimelorrhoaa.
   PIMELICUS, Fatty.
   PIMELITIS,  from iriptXn, 'fat,' and itie,  de-
 noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of the adi-
 pous tissue.
   PIMELODES, Fatty.
   PIMELO'MA, from  mptXn,  'fat'   A  fatty
 swelling.
   PIMELORRH03'A,  Pimelec'chyeie,  from
 tttptXn, 'fat,' and pto, 'I flow.'   A morbid dis-
 charge or disappear*ance of fat.
   PIMELORTHOPNOE'A, Piorthopnce'a ; from
 irmtXn, 'fat,'  opdos, 'upright,'  and  irvttiv,  'to
 breathe.'  Dyspnoea, practicable only in the erect
 attitude, owing to fat.
   PIMELO'SIS, Obee'itae nim'ia, from  trtptXn,
 'fat'  Conversion into, or formation of, fat, — as
 Pimelo'eie  hepat'ica, 'fatty degeneration of the
 liver.'
   Pimelosis Hepatica, Adiposis hepatica — p.
 Nimia. see Polysarcia.
   PIMENT, Capsicum annuum—p. d'Eau, Poly-
 gonum hydropiper—p. Royal, Myrica gale.
   PIMENTA, see Myrtus pimenta.
   PIMENTJE  BACCJE, see Myrtus pimenta.
   PIMENTO, see Myrtus pimenta.
   PIMPERNEL, BLUE, Scutellaria lateriflora
 —p. Red, Anagallis—p. Scarlet,  Anagallis arven-
 eis—p. Water, Veronica beccabunga.
   PIMPILIM, Piper longum.
   PIMPINEL, (bipinella or hipennula, from  the
 double pennate order of its leaves,) see Pimpinella.
   Pimpinel Italian. Sanguisorba officinalis.
   PIMPINELLA ALBA, P.  saxifraga —p. An-
 gelicaefolia, Ligusticum  podagraria.
   Pimpinel'la  Ani'sum, Aniee plant,  Anieum
 (Ph. U. S.), A. officina'le seu vulga're  Sieon ani-
 eum, A'pium anieum, Sola'men inteetino'rum, Ane'-
 eum, (F.) Anie, Boucage anie.  Ord. Umbelliferae.
 Sex.  Syat.   Pentandria  Digynia.   A native of
 Egypt. The seeds,  Anieum, (Ph. U. S.) Sem'ina
Anlei, An'ieeed, (Old Eng.) Aneys, have an aro-
matic odour;  and  a sweetish,  warm,  grateful
taste. They are carminative, and used in dyspep-
sia  and in tormina of infants.  Dose, gr. xv to
Jj,  bruised. The oil,—Oleum Ani'si, (F.) Huile
d'anis—is officinal.  Dose, gtt. v to xv.  Most of
the oil used in this country under the name of
Oil of Anise is said to be obtained from Illicium
Anieatum.
  Aqua ani'ai, Aniee water, (Ph. D.)  is made by
mixing a fluidounce of eaaence of aniee, with half
a gallon (Imp. meas.) of dietilled  water, and fil-
tering through paper.
  Pimpinella, Greater, P. magna—p. Hircina,
P. Saxifraga — p. Laterifolia, Sion ammi.
  Pimpinel'la Magna seu nigra  seu major seu
rubra; Greater Pimpinel'la ; Tragoeell num mag-
num seu majue, Daucue, Cyan'opue, (F.) Boucage
majeur.  The root has been extolled as diuretic
and resolvent, as well as in erysipelatous ulcera-
tions, tinea capitis,, rheumatism, Ac.
 ' Pimpinella Major, P. magna — p.  Nigra, P.
magna—p. Nostras, P. saxifraga—p. Officinalis,
Sanguisorba officinalis—p. Rubra, P. magna.
  Pimpinella  Saxip'raga,  Sax'ifirage, Burnet
eax'ifrage, Pote'rium aanguieor'ba, Sorbastrel'la,
 Tragoeell num, T. eaxif'raga, Pimpinel'la hirci'na
seu umbellif'sra seu  alba seu noatrae, (F.) Bou-
cage minetir, Petit B., Pimprenelle, Rompt-pierre.
The root has an unpleasant smell, and hot, pun-
gent, bitterish taste.  It has been recommended
as a stomachic;  and  as  a stimulating gargle in
paralysis  of the tongue.
   Pimpinella  Umbellifera, P. saxifraga.
   PIMPLE, Papula.
   PIMPLED, Papulose.
   PI3IPRENELLE, Pimpinella  saxifraga—p.
Noire, Sanguisorba officinalis.
   PIN.   Perhaps from  pennum, low Latin : or
from epina [?],,Spina fer'rea,  Spi'nula,  Acue
capita'ta, (F.) Epingle.  An iron or brass instru-
ment, generally of a small size, pointed at one
extremity, and having a head at the  other.   It is
used,  in  Surgery,  to fix rollers  and dressings;
and occasionally in sutures.
   PIN AND WEB, Caligo.
   PIN A PIGNON, see Pinus picea.
   PINASTELLUM,  Peucedanum.
   PINASTER,  Pinus sylvestris.
   PINBONE, Ischion.
   PINCE, Forceps — p. & Anneaux, see Forceps
—p. d Dieeection, see Forceps—p. d Ligature, see
 Forceps—p. Lithodraeaique, see Lithodrassic—p.
 Panaement, see Forceps.
   PINCE, Pinched.
   PINCEE, Pugillus.
   PINCERS, Forceps.
   PINCETTE, Forceps.
   PINCHED, Contractus, Retrac'tue, (F.) Pinci,
 GrippS.   An epithet applied to  the face,  when
 the features are contracted or shrunken ; as in vio-
 lent abdominal affections, or during intense pain.
   PINCKNEY'A PUBENS,  P.  Pubee'cene,
 Georgia Bark, Bitter Bark, Florida  Bark,  Fever
 tree.  This bark has been used in Georgia in tbe
 cure of intermittents, and successfully.  It is  a
 powerful  bitter.  Dose of the powder, Jj.
   PINDARS, Arachis Hypogea.
   PINE, APPLE,  Bromelia  ananas —p. Aphrr-
 nousli, Pinus  cembra — p  Ground, Lycopodium
 complanatum—p. Ground, stinking,  Camphoros-
 ma Monspeliaca — p. Loblolly, Pinus taeda — p.
 Mountain, see  Pinus mughos — p.  Mugho, see
 Pinus mughos — p. Prince's,  Pyrola umbellate-
 p.  Sap,   American, Hypopitys  lanuginosa — p.
 Stone, Pinus  pinea — p. Sugar, see  Arrow Root
— p. Yellow, Pinus palustris.
   PINEA, Pinus pinea. 
PINEAL
718
PINUS  MUGHOS
  PINE'AL, Pinea'He, from  pinue,  'a  pine.'
That which resembles a pine-apple.
  Pineal Gland, Glandula  pinea'lie, Cerebral
epiph'yeie,  Cona'rium,  Conoi'dea corpue,  Corpua
turbina'tum, Penie seu Virga seu Turbo cer'ebri,
is a small body, of a conical shape; pale red or
grayish colour; and soft consistence; situate be-
tween the fornix and the tubercula quadrigemina.
It  almost always contains  sabulous particles,
Sab'ulum  cona'rii. Brain Sand,  Pine'al Sand.
When  these are grouped together over the base
of the  gland, they form the Acer'vulue  Cer'ebri
of Sommering,  Acer'vuli seu Lapil'li glan'dula
pinea'lie.  From its anterior parts arise two me-
dullary striae, which proceed  over the  posterior
commissure; coast along the optic thalami, and
unite at the anterior pillar of the fornix, — the
Habe'na, Haben'ula or reine of the pineal gland
—Pedunculi cona'rii, see Peduncles of the Pineal
Gland.
  The  uses  of  the pineal  gland are unknown.
Descartes supposed it to be the seat of the soul!
  Pineal Sand, see Pineal gland.
  PINEI, see Pinus pinea.
  PINEOLI, see  Pinus pinea.
  PINEUS  PURGANS, Jatropha curcas.
  PINEWEED, Hypericum sarothra.
  PINGUECULA, Pteryg'ium pingue seu lar-
da'ceum, from  pinguie, 'fat,' 'fatty.'   A small,
whitish-yellow  tumour in the sclerotic conjunc-
tiva and  subjacent  areolar tissue,  close  to the
margin of the  cornea on its nasal or  temporal
side; so called  from its being supposed, but erro-
neously, to be of  a fatty nature.
  PINGUEDO, Fat —p. Renalis, Nephridion.
  PINGUICULA VULGA'RIS, (pinguie, 'fat,')
P. alplna, Sanic'ula monta'na seu Eboracen'eie,
 Viola  palue'trie,  Dodecath'eon Plin'ii,  Butter-
wort, Yorkshire  San'icle.  Ord.  Lentibulaceae.
Sex. Syat. Diandria Monogynia.  The unctuosity
of this  plant has caused it be applied to chaps,
and as a pomatum to the hair.  Decoctions of the
leaves, in broths,  are used by the common people
in Wales as  a cathartic.
  PINGUID, Fatty.
  PINGUIDINOUS, Fatty.
  PINGUIN, Bromelia pinguin.
  PINGUITUDO, Polysarcia adiposa.
  PINHOLE PUPIL, see Pupil, pinhole.
  PINHONES  INDICI, Jatropha curcas.
  PINK, CAROLINA, Spigelia Marilandica.
  Pink Dye.  Stripped eafftower, Jj, subcarb. of
potaee.  gr. xviij,  epirit of wine, Jvij ; digest for
two  hours;  add  distilled water, Jij;  digest for
two  hours more, and add dietilled vinegar  or
lemon juice q. s., to reduce it to a fine rose-colour.
Used as a cosmetic.
  Pink, Ground, Silene Virginica — p.  Indian,
Spigelia Marilandica — p. Wild, Silene Virginica.
  PINKROOT, Spigelia marilandica—p. Deme-
rara, Spigelia anthelmia.
  PINNA, Ala, Pavilion of the ear—p. Marina,
866 UisSUS
  PINNACULUM FORNICIS GUTTURALIS,
Uvula.
  PINN.E  HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver —p.
Naris,  see Nasus.
  PINNULA, Aileron.
  PINNULE  HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver.
  PINO'LI (S.).  A preparation used for subsist-
ence on long journeys in the West  It is parched
corn, beaten or ground very fine, and sweetened
with sugar,  to be used witi water, and drunk  on
the march.  It is the cold flour  of the Indians,
and early Western pioneers.
  PlSfONCILLO TREE, Castiliognia lobata.
  PINSWEAL, Furunculus.
  PINT, Octarius.
I   PTNTA, from  (S.) pintar, 'to paint.'  Blue
I etain:  a disease, which is said to prevail in Mex-
 ico, and to be a variety of Pityriasis versicolor.
   PINUS A'BIES. P. excel'ea seu pice'a, A'biee,
 A. rubra seu excelea seu picea,  Elate thelei'a,
 Pice'a, Norway  Spruce Fir,  Yew-leaved  Fir.
 Nat. Ord. Coniferae.   Sex. Syet. Monoecia Mona-
 delphia.   The tops are  used in  making Spruce
 Beer.
   Eeeence ofi Spruce, Eeeen'tia Abie'tie, is a fluid
 extraet, prepared by decoction from the twigs of
 this  species of fir.   From  this is made Spruce
 Beer.
   This fir affords the Burgundy pitch  and com-
 mon frankincense.  1. Bur'gundy or White pitch,
 Pix Burgun'dica seu alba seu ar'ida seu abieti'na
 seu abie'tie (Ph. U. S.),  Reelna abie'tie hu'mida,
 R. alba humida, Pini abie'tie reeina eponte con-
 cre'ta,  (F.) Poix  blanche ou  graeee ou jaune ou
 de Bourgogne.  This prepared  concrete juice is
 of a close consistence, rather soft, of a reddish-
 brown  colour, and not  unpleasant smell.  It is
 very adhesive  to  the skin;  and, consequently,
 forms  excellent plasters for remaining upon  the
 part for some time ; — as in cases of affections of
 the  chest.  2.  Abie'tie  Reelna  (Ph.  L.  since
 1809),  Common  Frankincenae, Perrosin,  Thue,
 Th. fiaemini'num seu vulga're, OHb'anum vulgare
 seu eylvee'tre,  Resina obietie eii-ca, Reain of the
 Spruce Fir.  Itis solid, dry, brittle; externally,
 brownish-yellow;  internally, whitish.   Used in
 plasters like the last.
   Pinus  Abies, see P. picea — p. Alba, P. picea.
   Pinus  Balsame'a, A'biee baleame'a seu baU
 eamif'era,  Peu'cea  baleame'a, Baleam fir.  The
 tree which affords the Canada Balaam, Balaamnm
 Canadeit'ee  seu de Can'ada, Reeina etrobili'na,
 Terebinth'ina Canaden'eie seu Pini baleame'a, Ca-
 nada Turpentine or Baleam, Baleam of Fir, (F.)
 Baume de Canada, is one of the  purest turpen-
 tines.  It has the  common  properties  of those
 substances.
   Pinus  Canaden'sis, Abiee Canaden'eie, Hem-
 lock, Hemlock Spruce. A tree, which is abundant
 in Canada, Nova Scotia, and the  more  northern
 parts of New England, and is found in the ele-
 vated  and mountainous regions  of  the Middle
 States.   The  pitch — Pix  Canadeneie,  Canada
 Pitch,  Hemlock Pitch — obtained  from it is com-
 monly  known under the name Hemlock Gum.
   Pinus Candicans, P.  Picea.
   Pinus   Cembra,  P.  3Ionta'na, Aphernous'li
 Pine.  It yields  an  agreeably scented  turpen-
 tine :—the Carpathian Balsam, Balsamum Car-
 path'icum seu  Lib'ani,  Carpath'icum, Briancon
 Tur'pentine. The nuts, Cembro nute, Nu'clei Cem-
 bra, have an eatable kernel, and  yield oil.  The
 shoots  yield Riga Baleam by distillation.
   Pinus Damar'ra, Ag'athie Damarra, grows in
 the East India Islands.  The juice speedily con-
 cretes into a very hard resin,—the Damarra tur-
 pentine.
   Pinus Excelsa, P. abies—p. Gallica, P. picea.
   Pinus  Larix, A'biee  larix, Larix, L. commu'-
 nie seu decid'ua seu Europa'a seu pyramida'lie.
 The  Larch, (F.) MSllze.   From this  tree exudes
 Or'emberg gum, Bri'ancon manna, Gummi lar'icii
 seu Oremburgen'ee seu Uralen'ei, 31anna Brigan-
 ti'na seu larice'a.  It also yields, by boring, Com-
 mon  Venice Turpentine, Reeina Lar'icie, Terebin-
 thina Ven'eta seu larici'na, Pini Lar'icie reelna
 liq'uida, (F.) TSrSbenthine  de VSniee  ou de MS-
 llze.  It is usually thinner than the other sorts
 of turpentine.
   Pinus Mughos.  The Mountain or 3Tugho Pine,
 Pinue  Pumil'io.  From the  extremities  of  the
 branches exudes  the Reei'na StrobiU'na, of  the
 Germans,  or Hungarian Balsam.   It  is also ob-
 tained, by expression, from the  cones.   By die- 
PINUS  PALUSTRIS
719
PIPEROID
tillation, the Hungarian balsam affords the Krum-
holz oil, Oleum Templinum.
  Pinus Palustris, see Pinus sylvestris.
  Pinus Pice'a, P. Abiee, A'biee, A. pice'a seu
pectina'ta  seu Gallica seu alba seu can'dicana
seu vulga'rie seu  taxifio'lia, European Silver Fir
Tree, Elate,  (F.) Sapin  commun.   By piercing
the tubercles of the bark of this fir, the Strasburg
Turpentine  is  obtained: — the Reelna Abie'tia
(Ph. L. before 1809), Oleum Abietie, Terebinth'ina
Argentoraten'eis.
  Pinus Pinaster, see P. sylvestris.
  Pinus Pi'nea, Stone Pine,  Pinea,  Pinue, P.
uber'rima  seu eati'va.  The  nuts,  Zirbel  nute,
Pine nuts, Nu'clei Pi'nea, Pinei, Pine'oli, (F.)
Pin d pignons, are eaten raw, or preserved like
almonds.   They are, also,  used in emulsions.
  Pinus Pumilio, see Pinus Mughos—p. Sativa,
P. pinea.
  Pinus  Sylves'tris, Pinae'ter, Peuce, Scotch
Fir.   This pine,  as well  as  P.  marit'ima (P.
Pinaeter), and other  species  of  Pinus,  affords
common  turpentine and  its oil, resin, tar, and
pitch.  1. Common Turpentine ofi Europe,  Tere-
binth'ina, T. vulga'rie seu commu'nie, Resina pini,
Bijon, Horee  Turpentine,  Bordeaux Turpentine,
(F.) TSrSbinthine de Bordeaux, TSrSbinthine com-
mune, is  obtained  by  wounding  the tree in hot
weather.   It  is used,  chiefly,  as a  dressing for
wounds, Ac, in horses, and for the distillation of
the  oil,  (see  Oleum Terebinthinae.)   The  white
 Turpentine, or common Turpentine ofi America —
 Terebinth'ina, Ph. U.  S. — is produced  chiefly
from Pinue paluetrie.  Yellow pine, and P. tada,
Loblolly pine, and perhaps from other species in-
habiting  the  Southern States.  When the oil is
distilled with water, yellow resin, or Roein, (Re-
si'na, Ph. U.  S.)—Reeina flava—is left, which is
only used in  the  formation  of ointments  and
plasters.  If without  the addition  of  water, the
residuum  is  common  reain  or' Colophony.   2.
When the cold begins to check the exudation of
the  comnfon  turpentine, part of it  concretes in
the wounds.  This is called, in France, Gallipot,
Barrae;  and  White  Roain, Resina alba, when
hardened after long exposure to the air.  3. When
the  old  trees are  subjected to distillation, in a
coarse  manner, Tar is obtained — Hygropissoe,
Pissa, Pix 'ce'dria  seu liq'uida, Reelna pini em-
pyreumat'ica   liq'uida,  Terebinth'ina  empyreu-
malica, Alchitram, Alehitu'ra, Cedria, (F.)  Gou-
dron, G.  vSgStale,  Poix  liquide, Brai liquide.
Tar water, Aqua  Pice'a seu Picie, Infu'eum  Picie
liq'uida seu Picie empyreumatica liquida, Po'tio
pice'a, (F.) Eau  de Goudron,  which is made by
mixing two pints of tar with  a gallon of water,
stirring with  a wooden rod for fifteen minutes,
and,  when  the tar has subsided, straining and
keeping in well stopped bottles, was, at one  time,
a fashionable remedy in numerous complaints,
and its use has  been  revived, since its  virtues
have been presumed to be  owing to creasote.  It
is employed chiefly in pulmonary affections, and
the vapour has been  recommended in  phthisis
and other diseases of the  lungs.  It is  used ex-
ternally as a detergent.  A wine or beer ofi tar,
Tarbeer, Jewa'beer, has been employed in Phila-
delphia in similar cases.  It  may be made by
adding to tar  enough beer to saturate it, mixing,
and  allowing  them to macerate for three days,
with  occasional agitation.   The dose is a, table-
spoonful.   4.  Common  Pitch,  Pix nigra, Black
Pitch, Burnea, Burnia, Stone  Pitch, Pix. eicca,
P.  atra,  P.  nava'lie,  Zopieaa, Palimpie'sa,  P.
ar'ida (Ph. L. before 1809), (F.) Pot* novate, P.
noire, is obtained  by inspissating tar.  It is used
only as a resolvent in plasters.
  Pinus Tada, see P. sylvestris — p. Taxifolia,
P. picea — p. Uberrima, Pinus pinea — p. Vulga-
ris, P. picea.
  PIONE,  Paeonia.
  PIONY, Paeonia.
  PIORTHOPNOEA, Pimelorthopnoea.
  PIOULQUES (F.).  A kind of sueking-pump,
invented by Louis, for extracting water that had
entered internal  cavities, in cases  of drowning
A useless instrument.
  PIP, Syphilis.
  PIPE-PLANT, Monotropa uniflora.
  PIPER, irtirtpt, see Piper nigrum.
  Piper Album, Leucop'iper, White Pepper, ii
black pepper freed from its cuticle.
  Piper Angustifolium, Matico — p.  Aromati-
cum, P. nigrum—p. Betel, Betel—p. Brazilianum,
Capsicum annuum — p. Calecuticum,  Capsicum
annuum.
  Piper Capen'se, a South African species,  hai
all the properties of  the peppers, and, in appear-
ance and taste, greatly resembles cubebs. It pos-
sesses, too, similar virtues.
  Piper Caryophyllatum, see  Myrtus pimenta
—p. Caudatum, P. cubeba—p. Chiapae, see  Myr-
tus pimenta.
  Piper  Cubeb'a,  Peree'a seu Laume cubeba,
Liteaa  cubeba seu piperita.  Ord. Piperaceae.
A native of Java and Guinea.  The  odour of
these berries—Cubeba (Ph. U. S.), Com'peper,
Compeba, Cubal  eini, Piper  cauda'tum, Bacca
Piperie glabri, Cubeb or  Tailed Pepper, Cuma'-
mue, (F.) Poivre-d-queue, Quabebe—is  aromatic;
taste at  first cooling, afterwards pungent.   The
active principle is an essential oil — Oleum  Cube-
ba, oil of cubebs—which is officinal in the Pharm.
U.  S.  The properties of the cubeb  are stimulant
and purgative.  It  is used only in gonorrhoea.
Dose, from  Qj to Jj, in  powder, three or four
times a day; of the  volatile oil,  10  or 12 drops.
  ' Turkey yellow berriee,'—the dried fruit of  the
Rhamnus Catharticus — are often substituted for
cubebs.
  Piper Elongatum, Matico.
  Piper Guineense, Capsicum annuum—p. His-
panicum, Capsicum — p. Indicum, Capsicum  an-
nuum— p. Jamaicense, see Myrtus  pimenta.
  Piper Longum, 3Iacrop'iper,  Acapalli,  Catu-
trip'ali,  Pim'pilim,  Chav'ica  Roxburghii,  Long
Pepper,  (F.)  Poivre long.  As  we receive  the
berries, they consist  of the unripe fruit dried in
the  sun;  and are small, round  grains, disposed
spirally on  a cylindrical receptacle.  They  are
stimulant, carminative, and tonic, like  the  other
peppers.   Dose, gr. v to Qj.
  Piper  Lusitanicum, Capsicum annuum — p.
Murale, Sedum.
  Piper Methisticum, see Ava.
  Piper  Nigrum,  Melanop'iper,  3tolagoco'di,
Lada, Piper  aromat'icum,  Black  Pepper, (F.)
Poivre noir.  Black pepper,  Piper (Ph. U.  S.),
is the unripe fruit  dried in  the sun.   Virtuee,
same as those of the other peppers.   When freed
from its husk by mechanical trituration it consti-
tutes Fulton'e decorticated pepper.
  Piper  Odoratum Jamaicense,  see  Myrtus
pimenta—p. Tabascum, see Myrtus pimenta—p.
Turcicum, Capsicum  annuum.
  PIPERI'NA, Piperi'num,  Pip'erine, Piperin,
from piper, 'pepper.'  A resinoid substance,  ob-
tained from the piper nigrum  by M. (Erst'adt, in
which a part of the virtues of the pepper resides.
It has been employed, like the  quinia, in  inter-
mittents, and successfully.
  PIP'EROID, Piperoi'dum,  Zingib'erin,  from
piper, 'pepper,' and  ttios,  'resemblance.'  A yel-
low syrupy mass  obtained by exhausting ginger
root by ether.   It is  soluble in ether, alcohol, and
oils, and may be given in tincture, siisjnr, lozenge,
or syrup, in  cases where ginger is indicated. 
PIPEROPASTUS            720                  PITCH
  PIPEROPASTUS, from  irtirtpi, 'pepper,'and
traaativ, "to strew.'  Strewed with pepper,—socks,
for  example, where it is desirable to excite  the
surface of the feet
  PIPETTE.  'A small pipe.'  In Pharmacy, a
small tube terminating in  a perforated point,
which is passed  into a liquid to be removed —
from the  surface of  a precipitate, for  example.
The liquid is drawn into the tube by  applying
the mouth to the free extremity.
  PIPIN'NA, Men'tula parva.  A small penis.
  PIPPERIDGE BUSH, see Oxycantha Galeni.
  PIPSISSEWA, Pyrola umbellata—p. Spotted,
Pyrola maculata —p. White,  Pyrola maculata.
  PIPTONYCHIA, Onychoptosis.
  PIPTOSTEGIA OPERCCLATA,  see  Batata
de purga — p. Pisonis, Convolvulus mechoacan.
  PIQUETE, see SablS.
  PIQURE,  Puncture, Wound, punctured.
  PIRTLING, Slavering.
  PIRUS. see Pyrus malus.
  PISA, (CLIMATE OF.)  Pisa has long been
celebrated as one of the most favourable climates
in Italy for tbe consumptive.  It is genial, but
somewhat oppressive and damp.  It is softer than
that of  Nice, but not so warm; less soft, but less
oppressive than that of Rome.
  PISCIARELLI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
A spring at Monte Secco, in Italy, between Lake
Agnano and Solfatara. It is thermal (100° Fahr.),
Bulphureous, and carbonated; and is chiefly used
in  old ulcers, leucorrhoea, chronic diarrhoea, and
in cutaneous  affections.
   PISCID'IA  ERYTHRI'NA,  Jamaica Dog-
wood.   Ord.  Leguminosae.   A small  branching
tree, common in most of the West India Islands;
Diadelpbia Decandria of Linnaeus.  It is used in
the West Indies to poison fish.  It appears to be
an acro-narcotic, and has been used in tbe form
of a tincture  of the bark of the root in toothache.
   PISCINA, Baignoire.
   PISCIVOROUS,  Pieciv'orue, Tchthyoph'agoue,
 Tchthyoph'ague, from piecie, 'a fish,' and voro, 'I
 lat.' Feeding or .subsisting on fish.
   PIS'IFORM,  Pieifiorm'ie, from pieum,  'a pea,'
 and forma, 'shape.'   Pealike, pea-shaped.
   Pisiform'e, Os, Oe lenticttla're seu orbicula're
 ten extra or'dinem  carpi, (F.) Oe hore du rang,
 Is the fourth bone of the first row of the carpus.
 It  is round, and gives attachment to the tendon
 of the cubitalis anterior, and to tbe anterior trans-
 verse ligament  of tbe carpus. It is articulated,
 behind, with the os cuneiforme.
   PISO, Mortar.
    PISS A, see Pinus sylvestris.
   PISSASPHALTUS, Pieeaephal'tum,  Mineral
 Pitch,  from  trtaaa,  ' pitch,' and aatpaXros, ' bitu-
 men.'  (F.)  Poix minSrale.   A thicker  kind of
 Petroleum or Rock oil; formerly employed  as a
 vulnerary.  It  is  synonymous with  Glu'tinoue
 bitu'men, Malta bitu'men, and 3Iineral tar.
    PISSELJS'UM,  Oleum Pic"inum, from irtaaa,
 •'pitch,'  and  tXatov, 'oil.'   An  oily  matter ob-
 tained from boiling pitch, and used for the same
 purposes as tar.
    Pisselaum Indicum, Petroleum.
    PISSEMENT DE PUS, Pyuria—p. de Sang,
 Haematuria.
    P1SSENLIT, Leontodon taraxacum.
    PISSE-SANG, Fumaria.
    PISSE'ROS,  from  maaa, 'pitch.'  Ancient
 name  of a  cerate,  prepared of olive  oil, oil of
 rosee, and dried pitch.  It was, also, called Cera'-
 tum pica'tum, and C. tetraphar'macum. — Hippo-
 Crates.
    PISSI'TES,  Vinum pica'tum.  Same  etymon.
A  wine prepared  from tar and the must of the
grape.   It was regarded to be stomachic.
  PISSOSIS. Malacia.            #
  PISSWEED, Anthemis cotula.
  PISTACHIO NUTS,  see  Arachis  hypogea,
Pistacia vera.
  PISTACIA  CHIA, P. lentiscus.
  Pista'cia Lentis'ccs, P.  Chia, Tcrcbin'thus
lentiecue, Lentiecue vulga'ris; the 31aetich Tree.
Ord.  Terebinthaceae.  The  wood of  this  tree
abounds with the  resinous principles of mastich ;
and a tincture made from it has been used in the
cure of dyspeptic  affections, gout,  and dysentery.
It yields, by incision, the resin 3Iaetich, Reai'na
Lentia'cina, 3Ien'frige, 3Iaa'tiche,  3Iaatix, Pieta-
cia Lentie'ci Reai'na.  This resin has an^agreea-
ble smell when  heated:  is almost insipid; in
globular, irregular,  yellowish,  semi-transparent
masses; soluble in ether; partially so in alcohol.
It is stimulant, and has  been u^ed in old coughs,
and gleet, and is  chewed to sweeten the  breath.
It is sometimes, also, employed to stop holes in
carious teeth.
   Oil ofi 31aetich, 3Iaetichela'on, Oleum Maetich'-
inum, is mentioned by Dioseormes.
   Pistacia Narbonensis, P. lentiscus — p. Reti-
culata, P. lentiscus.
   Pistacia Terebin'thcs, P.  Narbonen'eis seu
reticula'ta seu vera, Turpentine Tree, Hab-el-Ka-
limbat, Terebinthtte  vulga'ris,  Terminthoe.   The
tree which  affords the Cyprue Turpentine, Reel-
na Terebin'thi, Terebinth'ina vera seu  Chia seu
Cyp'ria, (F.)  TSrSbinthine de  Chio.  This sub-
stance is classed amongst the resins.  It is pro-
cured  by wounding  the bark of the trunk.   The
best Chio turpentine is  of about  the consistence
of honey;  very  tenacious,  clear, and  almost
transparent; of a white  colour inclining to  yel-
low, and of a fragrant  smell;  moderately warm
to the taste, but  free from acrimony and bitter-
ness.  It resembles  in virtues  the other turpen-
tines.
   Pistacia Vera, triaraxia.  Name of the  tree
which affords  the Nux Pistacia.  Pieta'chio nuts
have a sweetish,  unctuous taste, resembling  that
of sweet almonds. Like these, they afford an oil,
and may be formed into an emulsion.
   PISTILLUM,  Pilum.
   PISTOLOCHIA, Aristolochia pistolochia.
   PISTORIENSIS  GLADIUS, Mi«touri.
   PISUM, triaov, P. sativum,  Pea, Garden  pea,
 (F.) Pot'*, P. cultivS. The seeds  of the pea,  Ord.
 Leguminosae,  Sex. Syet.  Diadelphia  Decandria,
 are  much  employed as an aliment both in the
 fresh and dried state.  They are farinaceous, and,
 when dried, not easy of  digestion.
   PIT, Pock  mark — p. of the Stomach, Foeeette
 du coeur.
   PITAY'A  BARK.  This  bark of  Cincho'na
 pitay'a, Ord. Cinchonaeeae, is preferred in Co-
 lombia to any other.  It contains a  new vege-
 table  alkali,  to  which  the  name Pitayine has
 been given.
   PITAYINE, see Pitaya bark.
   PITCAITHLEY,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.
 These saline  springs, at Pitcaithley, about four
 miles from Penh, Scotland, contain  chlorides of
 sodium and calcium.
   PITCH, Colophonia — p. Black, see Pinus syl-
 vestris — p. Burgundy, see  Pinus abies — p. Ca-
 nada, see  Pinus  Canadensis.
   Pitch Cap, see Depilatory.
   Pitch, Common, Pinus sylvestris—p. Hemlock,
 see Pinus Canadensis—p. Jew's, Asphaltum —p.
 Mineral, Pissasphaltum.
   Pitch Plaster,  see Depilatory, Emplastrum
 picis.
    Pitch, Stone, see Pinus sylvestris — p. White,
 see Pinus abiea. 
PITHYRIASIS              721            PLACENTULA
  PITHYRIASIS, Pityriasis.
  PITHYRINUS, Acerosus,  Furfuraceous.
  PITTA'CIUM.  A pitch plaster, from  ir<rra,
• pitch.'   •
  PITTING, Pock mark.
  PITTOSIS, Malacia.
  PITTOTA.  Medicines in which pitch is the
chief ingredient.
  PITTSBURG,  MINERAL WATERS  OF.  A
chalybeate mineral  spring,  situate  about four
miles south-west  of  Pittsburg, in Pennsylvania.
It contains chloride  of sodium, chloride  of mag-
nesium, oxide of  iron, sulphate of lime,  and car-
bonic acid.
  PITUITA, Mucus, Phlegm—p. Narium, Nasal
mucus.
  PITU'ITARY, Pituita'riue,  (F.)  Pituitaire,
from pituita, ' phlegm.'  Concerned in the secre-
tion of mucus or  phlegm.  A name given to seve-
ral parts.
  Pituitary Body, P. Gland — p. Fossa, Sella
turcica.
  Pitu'itary  Gland,  Glan'dula Pituito'ea seu
pituita'ria seu baeila'rie,  Lacu'na seu Appendic'-
ula  cer'ebri, Senti'na, Hypoph'yeie  seu Appendix
cer'ebri,   Corpus  pituita're,  Pituitary  body; —
Appendice sue-ephSnoidale du cerveau, (Ch.)  A
small, round body;  the anterior portion  of which
is of a cineritious yellow  hue, and  the posterior,
which is smaller, is whitish and pulpy.  Its func-
tions are unknown.
   Pituitary  Membrane, Schneide'rian  Mem-
brane,  Membra'na  pituita'ria   seu  olfacto'ria.
The mucous  membrane"  which  lines the  nasal
fossae, and extends to the different  cavities com-
municating with  the nose.   In  the nasal  fossae,
the membrane appears formed of two layers, in-
timately united; — the one  in contact  with tho
bone is fibrous;—the other is free at  one surface.
The latter is a mucous membrane, on which pa-
pillae  are not  easily distinguishable, but  which
oontains them, as well as  a number of very small
mucous follicles,  that open into the cavity of the
nares.  On  penetrating the maxillary,  frontal,
sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses, the membrane
becomes  very  thin, transparent,  less"vascular,
and seems  reduced to its  mucous  layer.  The
pituitary  membrane receives the impression of
odours, by means of the  expansion of the olfac-
tory nerves upon it.   It is the seat of smell.
   PITUITE, Mucus.
   PITU'ITOUS, Pituito'eue; from pituita, 'mu-
cus or phlegm.'  Consisting  of, or resembling, or
full of mucus or  phlegm.
   PITYRI'ASIS, from irtrvpov, 'bran;'  Lepido'-
eia  Pityriaeie, Pityrie'ma,  Pithyri'aeie, Herpee
furfura'ceue seu farino'eue,  Porri'go (of some),
 Tin'ea furfura'cea seu porrigino'ea,  Furfura'tio,
Furfiurie'ca,  Dandriff,  Dandruff,  (Sc)   Luea,
(Prov.) Room, Rttmmet, (F.) Teigne, Dartre, D.
furfuracSe volante ;—a very  superficial affection;
characterized by  irregular patches of  thin  scales,
which repeatedly exfoliate and recur; but which
never  form crusts, or are accompanied with exco-
riations.  It is not contagious.   It occurs under
three or four varieties of  form.
   Pityriasis, Porrigo — p. Nigra,  Melasma—p.
Versicolor, Chloasma.
   PITYRISMA, Pityriasis.
   PITYROIDES, Furfuraceus.
   PITYRON, Furfur.
   PIVOINE, Paeonia.
   PIVOTING.   In dentistry,  an operation,
which consists in fastening in a new  crown upon
the root of a tooth by means of  a  piece of gold
wire, called ' a pivot.'
  PIX, Sperm — p.  Abietina, see Pinus  abies —
p. Abietis, see Pinus abies—p. Alba, see  Pinus
»bies — p. Arida, see Pinus abies, and Pinus syl-
       46
vestris—p. Atra, see Pinus  sylvestris—p. BruMa,
Brutia — p. Burgundica. see Pinus abies—p. Ca-
nadensis, see Pinus Canadensis — p. Cedria, see
Pinus sylvestris — p. Graeca, Colophonia — p. Li-
quida, see Pinus sylvestris—p. Navalis, see Pinug
sylvestris — p.  Nigra,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.
Sicca, see Pinus sylvestris.
  PLACE'BO, 'I will please,' from  placeo.  A
medicine, prescribed rather to satisfy the patient
than with any expectation  of its effecting a  cure.
  PLACEN'TA, irXaKovs,  irXaKuwros.   A  Latin
word, signifying a Cake.  P. uteri seu uteri'na
seu uteri car'nea, Hepar seu Jecur uterinum, Caro
seu Affu'eio orbicularia, Maza.   A soft, spongy,
vascular body, adherent  to the uterus,  and con-
nected with the fcetus  by the umbilical  cord.  It
is not in existence during  the first period of the
embryo state, but its  formation  commences per-
haps with the arrival of the embryo in the uterus.
It is  generally considered  to have two  portions,
one fcetal, and  the other  maternal.  Tbe  foetal
consists of highly vascular villi and tufts, which
contain the inosculating loops of  the umbilical
arteries and umbilical vein  of  the foetus.  The
maternal portion is considered by Dr. Reid to con-
sist, essentially, of a  large  sac  formed  by the
inner coat of the vascular  system  of the mother,
into which the maternal  blood is poured by tbe
curling arteries  of the uterus, and  frotn which it
is returned by  the  utero-placental veins.  The
tufts and villi of the fcetal placenta are ensheathed
by this inner coat of the maternal vascular sys-
tem ;  and, according  to  Prof. Goodsir, two dis-
tinct  sets of nucleated cells — one  maternal and
the other foetal—separate the maternal and  foetal
portions where they come  in contact, one set of
which are probably, he thinks, concerned in the
separation of nutritive matter from the maternal
blood, and the other  destined to  convey it into
the vessels of the fcetus.  The placenta is formed
of several lobee or cotyledone, which can be read-
ily  distinguished from  each other  on the uterine
surface; but towards  the foetal surface are con-
founded into one  mass.  It is composed of the
umbilical vessels, areolar tissue, and whitish,  re-
sisting filaments, which are vascular ramifications
obliterated.   Lymphatic  vessels  have also  been
presumed to exist in  it; and nerves have  been
traced, proceeding from the great sympathetic of
the foetus.
  The main function of the placenta appears to
be like that of the lungs  in the adult.  It admits
of the blood of the foetus being ehown to that of
the mother, and  undergoing requisite  changes.
It may, also, be an organ for nutritive absorp-
tion,  as observed above.
  Animals, which have no  placenta—as  the  Mar-
supialia—are called implacental and nonplacental.
  Placen'ta  Criioris, see Blood — p. Febrilis,
Ague cake — p.  Oblata, P.  praevia — p. Obvia, P.
praevia.
  Placenta Pra'via, (from pra, 'before,' and
via, 'way,') P. ob'via sen obla'ta.  Presentation
of the placenta; a condition which gives  rise to
unavoidable hemorrhage  from the uterus.  The
safety of the female  depends  upon  speedy de-
livery.
  Placenta  Sanguinis,   see Blood — p.  Uteri
Succenturiata, Decidua.
  PLACENTAL, Placenta'lie, (F.) Placentaire.
Relating, or appertaining to, the placenta.   Pos-
sessed of a placenta,—as '  a placental mammal.'
  PLACENTITIS, Placounti'tie, Placoi'tie, In-
flamma'tio placen'ta.   A  hybrid word — from
placenta,  and itie, a  suffix denoting inflamma-
tion.  Inflammation  of the placenta.
  PLACENTULA, 'a little cake,'diminutive o£
placenta,' a cake.'  A  rudi  mental placenta.  The
placenta of an abortion. 
PLACOITIS               722     PLANTAIN  DES  ALPES
  PLACOITI^, Placentitis. '
  PLACOUNTITIS. Placentitis.                ,
  PLADAROMA, Pladarosis.
  PLADARO'SIS,  Pladaro'ma, Pladar'otee,
from irXaiapos, ' soft'  A soft tumour on the eye-
lid, unaccompanied with redness or pain.   Tra-
choma.
  PLADAROTES, Pladarosis.
  PLAFOND  DES  VENTRICULES  DU
CERVEAU, Corpus callosum.                 :
  PLAGA, Ictus, Wound.                      Ij
  PLAGIOBOL'IA, Planobol'ia,  from  trXaytos,
' to one side,' and QaXXttv, 'to throw.'   Imperfect
emission of sperm into the vagina. Emission to
one side ; sometimes practised to render  impreg-
nation less probable.       *
  PLAGUE, from irXnyv,plaga, 'a stroke.'   Pee-  j
fi», P. orienta'lie seu bubona'ria orientalie seu
iitgtiina'ria seu  contagio'ea seu acntisa'ima seu
aep'tica seu glandulo'ea  seu  ade'no-eeptica seu
ingiiinaria, Peetil'itae,  Ephem'era peetilentia'lie, j
E.  mortif era, Luee inguina'ria, Clades glandu- [|
la'ria, Phthora, Peetileiltin, Luee, Loimoe, Febrie 1
ade'no-nervo'ea, Loimoe, Laeme, Loe'mia, Lcemop'-
yra, Chaoeda,  Anthra'cia Peetie, Anthracoti/phue,
Febrie' pee'tilene, Syn'ochus peatilentia'lie, Typhue
peetie seu peetilentia'lie seu gravie'eimue seu an-
thra'cicue seu  bubon'icue, Exanthe'ma  peetie, the
Peat, Levant plague. Septic or glan'dular pee'ti-
lence, The eickneee, (F.) Peete, Typhue d'Orient,
Filvre du LSrant, F. adSno-nerveuee.  An emi- i
nently malignant disease; endemic in  the Le-
vant;  frequently epidemic,  and destroying at
least two-thirds of those it attacks.  It is a fever >
of the most aggravated kind, with affection  of i]
the lymphatic glands of the groins or axillae, and
carbuncles.  Its miasmata—it has been conceived i
—adhere to different organic textures, to woollen
goods, clothing and furniture; and may thus be
transported to a  considerable distance; but this
is not certain.  The mean duration of  the disease
is six or  seven days; some  die in twenty-four
hours, others not  till ten or twelve days.   Patho-
logical anatomy has afforded  little light with re- |
spect to  it.  Various means have been  used for j
arresting it, but none have seemed to be  pre-emi- |
nently distinguished.   The  great point  is, to j
watch the indications as they develop themselves;
and to treat  the case, in general, like one of,
typhus gravior.   It is universally agreed that the
suppuration of the buboes should be aided as far
as  practicable.  For preventing  the importation
and spread of the plague, the Quar'antine Lawe
have been instituted;  and when  the disease has
actually  appeared, a cordon  eanitaire has been
drawn round the infected district, so  as to pre-
vent all communication.
   Plague of Antoni'ntjs, Peetie Antoninia'na,
(F.) Pesfe Antonine.  A severe  febrile disease,
which prevailed in the Roman empire, during the
reign of Antoninus.  It began in Asia, and passed
westward.  It resembled the  Plague of Athens.
   Plague of Athens, (F.) Peete d'Athlnee.  A
febrile disease, which raged at Athens during the
Peloponnesian war, in the 5th century before the
Christian era; and a description of which is given
in  Thucydides.   It was characterized by a cuta-
neous eruption, accompanied by small ulcerations,
vomiting, affection of the respiratory organs, and
diarrhoea.  It began in tbe far East, and, before
reaching Athens, ravaged Egypt, and  the greater
part of the Persian Empire.
   Plague, Black, Death, black.
   Plague, Cold. A severe  form of congestive
 fever, seen in the Southern States.  Bilious pneu-
 monia, in which there is no  reaction, has been,
also, so called.
 • Plague Mark, Plague token.
   Plague,  Pali.  A  malignant  fever, greatly ■
resembling Plague, which prevailed in .Rajpoo-
tana after July, 1n'6.
  Plague Spot, Plague token.
  Plague  Token,  Plague mark. Plague  epot.
A mark by which one struck with the plague was
known.  Perhaps the early stage of carbuncle in
unfavourable cases.  It is  described as a small
tubercle — Boeea — somewhat resembling a wart,
callous and more  or  less deficient in sensibility,
varying in size from  that of a millet-seed to  tha'
of a bean.
  PLAGULA, Compress, Pledget, Splint.
  PLAIEr Wound—p.  d'Arme  & feu, Wound,
gunshot—p. d'Arquebueade, Wound, gunshot —
p.  Contuee,  Wound, contused—p.  EnvenimSe,
Wound, poisoned —p. par Arrachement, Wound,
lacerated—p. & Lambeaux, see Flap.
  PLAINTIVE,  Luctueux.
  PLANANTHUS  FASTIGATUS, Lycopodium
selago — p. Selago, Lycopodium selago.
  PLANARIA LATIUSCULA',  Distoma hepa-
ticum.             *
  PLANCHER  (¥.), 'floor.'  In anatomy,  the
inferior wall or boundary of a cavity.
  PLANCHER  DU CERVEAU, Tentorium.
  PLANCUS, Leiopus.
  PLANE, Plexus.
  Plane, Mesial, see Mesial.
  PLANET-STRUCK,  see Sideratio.
  PLANETES,  Plane'ticue,  Plan'icue,  Erra-
bun'due,  Errat'ic,  from  irXavn,   ' a  wandering
about'  An epithet  given to diseases,  whose re-
turns  are irregular — especially  to intermittent
fever; Planetee Febrie, 3. Erralica, F. Erro'nea,
F.  Vaga.
  PLANETICA  ARTHRITIS,  Gout, wander
ing.
  PLANICUS, Planetes.
  PLANIPEDES, Steganopodes.
  PLANITIES PEDIS, Sole.
  PLANOBOLIA, Plagiobolia.
  PLANTA  NOCTIS,  Hydroa,  Sudamina —p.
Pedis, Sole — p. Prima pedis, Tarsus.
  PLANTA'GO,  P. 3Iajor, Centiner'via, Arno-
gloe'ettm,  Septiner'via, Polyneu'ron,  Heptapleat'-
ron, Planta'go latifio'lia seu  major seu vulga'rie,
Great plantain, Waybread, (Sc.)  Wabran  leavee,
(F.)  Plantain commun.   Ord.  Plantaginaceae.
Sex.  Syet. Tetrandria Monogynia.  The  leavea
have been said to be refrigerant, attenuant,  sub-
styptic, and diuretic.
  Plantago Aquatica, Alisma plantago.
  Plantago Corda'ta, Heart leaved plantain, P.
Lanceola'ta, Ribgraee, and P. Virgin'ica, White
plantain, or  Ribwort, indigenous; have proper-
ties like Plantago major.
   Plantago Coron'opus, Coronopo'dium, Cornu
cervlnum, Stella terra, Plantago,  Buckehom
Plantain.  Properties like the last
   Plantago Nitida, P. psyllium.
   Plantago Psyl'lium, P. nilida, Peyl'lium, P.
erec'tum,  Pulica'rie  herba,  Crystal'lion, Cyno-
moi'a, Branching Plantain, Fleawort, (F.) Herbe
attx pucee commune.   The seeds have a nauseous,
 mucilaginous taste, and no remarkable smell.
The  decoction of the seeds  is recommended in
hoarseness anckjroughness of the fauces.
   Plantago Vulgaris, Plantago.             ■
   PLANTAIN DES ALPES, Arnica montana- -
p. Branching, Plantago psyllium—p. Buckshorn,
 Plantago coronopus—p. Commun, Plantago—p.
d'Eau, Alisma  plantago — p.  Great,  Plantago
major—p. Heart leaved, Plantago cordata.
   Plantain Meal,  see Musa paradisiaca.
   Plantain, Rattlesnake, Goodyera pubescenn
—p. Robin's, Erigeron bellidifolium.
   PlantXin Tree, Musa paradisiaca.
   Plantain, Water, Alisma plantago, Unisema
 deltifolia — p. White, Plantago Virginica. 
PLANTAIRE             723                 PLASTER
  PLANTAIRE, Plantar muscle—p.  GrSle,
Plantar muscle.
  PLANTAR, Planta'rie, (F.)  Plantaire, from j
planta, 'the  sole of the foot'   That which re-
lates or belongs to the sole of  the  foot.  This
name has been given to several parts.
  Plantar Aponeuro'sis, P.  fae'cia.  A thick,
dense, resisting aponeurosis;  of a  triangular
shape, and superficially situate, which  occupies
the middle and sides of the sole of the foot, and
furnishes insertions to several of the muscles of
the region, either directly or through  the medium
of septa, which it sends between  them.
   Plantar Arch, see  Plantar arteries.
   Plantar Arteries.  These are two  in num-
ber, and arise from the extremity of the posterior
tibial artery.  They are distinguished into:—The
internal plantar artery, situate above the abduc-
tor pollicis pedis.   It extends  from the  termina-
tion of the posterior tibial to the trunk of one of
the collaterals 5f that toe.—The external plantar
artery is larger than the preceding, and ought to
be considered as the termination of the posterior.
tibial.  Situate  above the flexor communis di-
gitorum pedis, it extends from beneath the calca-
neum to the posterior extremity  of tbe last meta-
tarsal space.   When it has reached  this part, it
turns  from without inwards ;  advances towards
the  posterior extremity of the  first metatarsal
bone,  and  anastomoses  with  the   perforating
branch of the dorealie  tarei.  In the  first part of
its course,  it  furnishes calcaneal, articular, mus-
cular, and adipous branches.  The  second por-
tion of the artery is Called the  Plantar Arch or
Croee.  It  gives branches in all  directions.  The
inferior and  posterior have  received  no name.
The superior — three in number  — are the poate-
rior perforating arteriee.  The anterior branches
are larger, and there are commonly  four.  They
furnish the anterior perforating, and the collate-
rals of the last four toes.
   Plantar Cross, st,e Plantar  arteries—p. Fas-
cia, P. aponeurosis.
   Plantar  Ligaments.  A  name given to the |
inferior ligaments, which unite  the bones of the
tarsus and metatarsus, to distinguish them from
the superior, called doraal.
   Plantar  Muscle,   Planta'rie, P. grac"ilie,
 Tibia'lie  grac"ilie, Exten'eor tarei  minor, .(F.)
Plantaire,  P. GrSle, Jambier grele, Petit fiSmoro-
calcanien,  (Ch.)  A muscle, situate at the poste-
rior part of the leg.  It is long, thin,  and narrow.
Above, it is attached to the posterior part of the
external condyle of the os femoris : below, it ter-
minates by a long tendon, which is attached to
the posterior and inner part  of the calcaneum.
This  muscle extends  the leg on  the foot, and
conversely.  It  can, also, assist in the flexion of
the leg on  the thigh.
   Plantar Nerves.  These are two in number,
and are furnished  by the termination of the pos-
terior tibial nerve.  They are  distinguished into
— 1.  The internal plantar nerve, which  extends
from  the inferior part of the  tibial nerve to both
sides  of the first three toes, and  the inner side of
the fourth.   It furnishes, also,  branches to the
abductor of the  great toe ; to  the short flexor of
the toes; to the accessory ; to  the short flexor of
the great toe, the lumbricales,  Ac.  2. The exter-
nal plantar nerve proceeds from  the  termination
of the posterior tibial to the posterior extremity
of the 5th metatarsal bone, and gives branches to
the flexor brevis digitorum pedis, the accessory
and the abductor  of the little toe.  This truuk
subsequently divides into  two  branches; — the
one—profunda—is distributed  to the short flexor
of the great  toe:  the  interosseus and abductor
pollicis pedis: the  other—euperficialis — sends
filaments to the short  flexor of the little toe, the '
two sides of that toe, the outer side  of the 4th,
and the last lumbricalis.
  Plantar Regions  or Surfaces are different
regions or surfaces of the sole of the foot.   Three
are generally  reckoned, — the  internal, middle,
and external.
  Plantar Veins follow an arrangement similar
to that of the arteries.
  PLANTARIA, Dengue.
  PLANTARIS, Plantar, P. muscle—p. Superfi-
cies pedis, Sole — p. Verus, see Flexor longus di-
gitorum pedis profundus perforans (accessorius.)
  PLANTARIUM, Pubes.
  PL ANTE DU PIED, Sole.
  PL ANTI- SOUS-PHALANGIENS, Lumbri-
cales pedis—p. Tendino-phalangiene, Lumbricales
pedis.
  PLANUM APONEUROTICUM  DIA-
PHRAGMATIS.  The  tendinous  expansion  of
the diaphragm.
  Planum Orbitale, see Maxillary  bone (su-
perior.)
  Planum Os, from planus, 'soft, smooth.' The
papyraceous or orbitar plate ofthe ethmoid bone
— Lam'ina  papyra'cea,  Lamella plana — was
formerly so called.
  Planum Pedis, Sole.
  Planum Supe'rius Lingua.   The upper sur-
face of the tongue.
  PLANU'RIA, from nXavos, ' wandering, false,'
and ovpov, 'urine.'  Discharge  of urine through
unwonted ways.
  PLAQUE3IINIER D'EUROPE, Diospyros
lotus.
  PLAQUES GAUFREES, Peyeri glandulae—
p. Laiteuees,  see Tuches laiteusea—p. de Peyer,
Peyeri  glandulae.
  PLASMA, Liquor sanguinis.
   PLASMEXHIDRO'SIS, from plaema,  the  li-
quor aangninie ; ef, ' out of,' and 'tiptaats, ' perspi-
ration.'  Exudation  of the plasma of the blood
from the vessels.
  PLASTER, Emplastrum — p. Adhesive, Em-
plastrum  resinae, Sparadrapum  adhesivum — p.
Adhesive, Baynton's, see Emplastrum resinae—p.
Adhesive, of pitch and  resins, Emplastrum  do
pice et resinis  glutinans — p. Ammoniacum, Em-
plastrum ammoniaci—p. Ammoniacum with mer-
cury, Emplastrum ammoniaci cum hydrargyro—
p. Aromatic, Emplastrum aromaticum — p. Asa-
fbetida, Emplastrum asafoetidae — p. of Belladon-
na, Emplastrum  belladonnae — p. Blister, Blister
—p. Blistering, Emplastrum lyttae—p. of Blister-
ing fly, Emplastrum  lyttae — p. Calefacient, Em-
plastrum  calefaciens — p. of  Cantharides, com-
pound, Emplastrum  lyttae  compositum — p. Ce-
phalic, Emplastrum picis comp. —p. Corn, Spa-
radrapum viride — p. Corn,  Kennedy's,  Spara-
drapum viride — p. Court, English, see Ichthyo-
colla,  Sparadrapum  adhesivum — p.  Cummin,
Emplastrum cumini—p. Defensive, Sparadrapum
Galteri — p. Diachylon, Emplastrum plumbi — p.
Fly, Emplastrum lyttae—p. Frankincense, Em-
plastrum thuris—p. Galbanum,  Emplastrum gal-
bani— p.  Galbanum,  compound,  Emplastrum
galbani compositum—p. Gum, Emplastrum gum-
mosum— p. of   Gum-resins. Emplastrum cum
gummi-resinis—p. Hemlock, Emplastrum cicutse
— p. Iron, Emplastrum ferri — p.  Isinglass, see
Sparadrapum adhaesivum — p.  Issue,  Sparadra-
pum pro fonticulis—p. Lead, Emplastrum plumbi
—p. Machine,  Sparadrapier—p. Mercurial, Em-
plastrum hydrargyri—p. of Mercury, compound,
Emplastrum hydrargyri  compositum — p, Mus-
tard, Cataplasma sinapis — p. Nuremberg, Em-
plastrum Norimbergense—p. Opium, Emplastrum
opii — p. Pitch, see Depilatory—p. Pitch, comp.
Emplastrum picis compositum — p. Resin, Em-
plastrum resinae—p. of Red  oxide of iron, Em- 
PLASTIC                724              PLETHORA
 plastrum oxidi ferri rubri—p. Soap, Emplastrum
 «aponU — p. of Spanish flies, compound, Emplas-
 trum lyttae compositum — p. Sticking,  Emplas-
 trum  resinae—p. Strengthening,  Emplastrum
 ferri, Emplastrum oxidi  ferri  rubri — p. Warm,
 Emplastrum  calefaciens—p. Wax, Emplastrum
 cerae.
   PLASTIC, Plas'ticus, Formati'vus, Form'ative,
 (F.) Plaetique, from irXaaau,  ' I  form.'   That
 which forms, or serves to form.
   Plastic Element.  One which bears within it
 the  germs of a higher form. — Gerber.   Plastic
 or histogenet'ic or organoleptic elemente ofi nutri-
 tion are those  elements of food which go to the
 formation of organized tissue. — See Aliment.
   Plastic Force.  The  generative or formative
 power in organized bodies.  It is also called Ni-
 eue formatlvue, Vie seu  Virtue plae'tica seu fior-
 mati'va seu eeeentia'lie seu reproductlva,Fac'ultas
 forma'trix seu nutria: seu auctrix seu vegetati'va ;
 Bias alteratlvum, Motus  aseimilationie,  An'ima
 vegetati'va, Plaaticiam'us, Virtue formatrix, Plae-
 tic"itae, Plaetic"ity, Force of Nutrition, F. ofi
 aeeimilation,  F. of Form'ation, F. of vegeta'tion,
 Puieaance  du monte intSrieur (Buffon), B i 1 d u n g-
 strieb, Germ-force of the Germans.
   Plastic Lymph, Liquor Sanguinis—p. Surgery,
 Morioplastice.
   PLASTICISMUS,  Plastic Force.
   PLASTICITAS, Plastic Force.
   PLASTICITY, Plastic Force.
   PLASTILYTIC, Antiplastic.
   PLASTILYTICUM (HuEMATOLYTICUM),
 Spanaemic.
   PLATA, Scapula.
   PLATANO,  Musa Sapientum.
   PLATANTHE'RA ORBICULA'TA, Large
 round-leaved Orchie;  indigenous.  Order, Orchid-
 accae ; flowering  in July.   From trXarovs, ' wide,'
 and avnp, for 'anther.' The leaves are large, soft
 and fleshy, and are  used,  in certain  places,  for
 dressing blisters.
   PLATAN US, Musa paradisiaca.
   PLATEA, Bothriocephalus latus.
   PLATE-BONE, Scapula.
   PLATEIASMA, Platiasmus.
   PLATES, MANSFORD'S, see Galvanism.
   PLATIAS'MUS,  Plateiae'ma,  from  nXarvs,
 •broad.'   Excessive  development  of  the lips,
 causing the articulation to be imperfect.
   PLATINA, Platinum.
   PLAT'INUM, Plat'ina,  from  (S.j plata, 'sil-
 ver.'  (F.) Platine, Or blanc, Petit argent.   The
 preparations of platinum  resemble in their thera-
 peutical properties those of gold.   The Bichlo'-
 ride, Plat'ini Bichlo'ridum, made by dissolving
 platinum in aqua regia,  and the Double Chlo-
 ride of Platinum and Sodium, So'dii chloroplal-
 inas, Chloroplal inate of So'dium,  prepared  by
 dissolving  bichloride  ofi platinum and pure chlo-
 ride ofi eodium, in proper proportions, in water,
 evaporating and crystallizing, — are the prepara-
 tions used.  They are not much prescribed.
   PLAT ULA,  see Pediculus.
   PLATYBREGMATE,  see Cranium.
   PLATYCORIA, Mydriasis.
   PLATYCORIASIS, Mydriasis.
   PLATYNO'SIS, from wXarvs, ' broad.'  Ampli-
 fica'tio.  Morbid extension of parts.
   PLATYOPHTHALMON, Antimonium.
   PLATYPOLIA, see Kyllosis.
   PLATYPUS, see Kyllosis.
   PLATYS'MA, from irXarvs, 'broad.' Anything
 broadly extended.  A spread plaster.
   Platys'ma  Myoi'des,  P. 3Iyo'dee, 3fue'culue
 r.uta'neue seu subcuta'neus (Winslow), Quadra'tue
gena seu latia'simue colli, Expan'eio mueculo'ea,
 Tetrago'nne, Stomoman' icon, (F.) Thoraco-maxilla
facial, Thoraco-facial (Ch.), Peaucier.   A mua- !
II cle situate superficially on  the  lateral  parts of
 the neck. It is flat, broad, and quadrilateral.  Its
 fibres, which are all parallel to  each other, pass
 obliquely upwards, and  from without  inwards.
 They arise from the areolar tissue, which  covers
 the anterior and superior part of the chest; pass
 before the clavicle, and proceed  to attach them-
 selves at the interior part of the symphysis menti,
 at the external  oblique line of tbe jaw, and at  the
 commissure  of  the  lips.  The fibres  of this last
 insertion form a distinct fasciculus, called by some
 anatomists Mue'culue Rieo'riue  Santori'ni. The
 platysma myoides depresses  the commissure of
 the lips, and  carries it outwards.  It  contributes,
 also, to the depression  of the lower jaw.  When
 it contracts,  it  wrinkles  the skin of  the neck
 transversely.
    PLATYSTER'NOS, from  irXarvs, ' broad,' and
 artpvov, 'the  sternum.'  One who  has  a  broad,
 well developed  chest. — D. Pechlin.
    PLATYSTOMUS; from  irXarvs, ' broad,' and
 aropa, ' mouth.'  One who has a broad mouth.
    PLAUTUS, Leiopus.
    PLECHAS, Perinaeum.
    PLECTAN^E, Cornua uteri.
    PLECTANE, PUca, Plegma, Plexue.  From
 irXtxai, ' I twine.'   A fold; a plexus.   Also, a
 cornu ofthe uterus.
    PLECTRUM.   The styloid  process of  the
 temporal bone.   Also, the uvula, and the tongue.
 — Castelli.
    PLEDGET,  (D.) Plagghe,  Plumace'olue,
 Lintea'men,  Plag'ula, (F.)  Plumaceau,  Plumas-
 eeau.  A small  compress or gdteau  of lint— (the
 filaments  arranged  parallel to each other)—flat-
 tened between  the hands  after the  extremities
 have been cut off or folded down.  It is applied
 over wounds, ulcers, Ac, to  preserve them from
 the contact of the air, to retain dressings tn eitu,
 and to absorb the discharges.
    PLEGE, Blow, Ictus.
    PLEGMA, Plectane, Plexus.
    PLEGOMETER, Pleximeter.
    PLEIN,(F.)  'Full.' The middle part of a roller.
    PLEIOMASTHUS, Polymasthus.
    PLEIOMAZIA, see Polymasthus.
    PLENA MULIER, Pregnant.
    PLENITUDE, Fulness.
    PLENITUDO, Plethora.
    PLENCK'S  DEPILATORY,  see  Depilatory,
 Colley's.
    PLEOMAZIA, see Polymasthus.
    PLEONECTICUS,  from  trXtov,  'more,' and
 txw>,'tohave.'  Covetous.   Desirous to  acquire:
 hence mania pleonectica.
    Pleonec'tica Athym'ia  seu  Melanchol'ia.
 A form of insanity characterized by  a desire  for
 gain or by covetousness.
    PLERO'SIS,  from nXnpns. 'full;' also Reple'-
 tio, Refiec'tio, Reple'tion.   Restoration  of flesh
 after sickness.  Plethora.
    PLEROTICUS, Incarnans.
    PLES'MONE, irXnapovn, Plenitu'do,  Sati'etae,
 Satiety.  Intemperance.   A condition the oppo-
 site to that of hunger.
    PLESSER. Plexor.
    PLESSIMETER, Pleximeter.
    PLESSIMETRE, Pleximeter.
    PLETHOMER'IA, from irXnBos, 'many,' and
 utpos, 'apart'  Superabundance of parts, aa in
 the case of six fingers to one hand.
    PLETHO'RA, from trXn$u>, ' I  fill.'  Polya'mia,
 Polyhyperha'mia,  Panhyperemia, Polychym'ia
 eangnin'ea, Angeioplero'eie,  Angioplero'eie, Ery-
 thremia, Erythro'eie, Hamatopletho'ra, Hamo-
 p/etho'ra, Plenitu'do, Mvltitu'do, Redundan'ticu,
 Repie'tio, En'chyma, Comple'tio, Pleth'ory, Re-
 ple'tion, San'guineneee. Fulneee,  (F.) Abondance,
 RSdondance.  The word plethora,  which means 
PLETHORIC              725                fLEURITIS
repletion, Plero'eie, expresses  a superabundance
of blood in the system, or in some part of it: —
hence the division  of plethora into  general and
local;  the latter being  called, according to its
seat, cerebral, pulmonary, uterine, Ac.  The prin-
cipal symptoms of  plethora exist in the circula-
tory system;  such  as  redness of  the  surface,
swelling of the veins, increase in the fulness of
tho pulse, in the  strength of the heart's pulsa-
tions, Ac, with spontaneous hemorrhages occa-
sionally.  With these are usually united general
heaviness, torpor, lassitude, vertigo,  tinnitus au-
rium, flushes of heat, Ac.  The blood of plethoric
persons differs from healthy blood in the  smaller
ratio of water which it  contains,  and especially
in the augmentation of the red corpuscles.
   The tendency to plethora, or its  actual exist-
ence, must be obviated by purgatives, proper diet,
exercise, Ac.; and, if the danger from it be press-
ing, by blood-letting.  This is, however, a doubt-
ful remedy for general  plethora, as it increases
haematosis.
   Pletho'ra Arterio'sa is  the form in which
the blood is rich in fibrin and red corpuscles—the
arte'rial conetitiltion.
   Plethora, Local, Hyperaemia — p. Partialis,
 Hyperaemia.
   PLETHOR'IC,  Pletho'ricus, Polya'mic, Po-
 lya'micus, Sanguine, Sanguin'eous,  (F.)  PlStho-
rique.   Same etymon.   Full of blood.  Relating
 to or affected with  plethora.
   PLETHORICUS, Plethoric.
   PLETHORY, Plethora.
   PLETHOS, Satiety.
   PLEUMON, Pulmo.
   PLEUMONIA,  Pneumonia.
   PLEURA,  Pleurum,  Pleuro'ma,  'the side, a
 rib.' Membra'na pleurit'ica euecin'gene seu cos-
 ta* enccin'gene, 31. seu  Tu'nica costalis seu sub-
 costa'lis, Hypopleu'rioe, Hypezo'cus, (F.) Plevre
 ou Pleure. The pleurae are two thin, diaphanous,
 perspirable membranee, which line  each side of
 the chest, and are reflected  thence  upon each
 lung.   Like  all serous membranes — to which
 class they belong—each represents  a sac without
 aperture.  From the junction of the pleura of
 each side the mediastina are formed.  That por-
 tion of the pleura  which lines the parietes of the
 chest is called Pleura Coeta'lie ; the portion that
 covers  the lungs, Pleura Pulmona'lie.  The arte-
 ries of the pleurae are  from the intercostals, in-
 ternal  mammaries, phrenic, inferior thyroid, Ac.
 The veins correspond  with the arteries.  They
 are, also, supplied with lymphatics,  but nerves
 are not traceable in them.
    Pleura is also used  for Cavity of the Pleura,
 Saccue Pleura.
    PLEURA.  The sides of the chest.
    PLEURAL, Pleura'lie, Pleu'ricus, Pleu'ritee.
 That which  concerns the pleura: — as a pleural
 fistula;—pleural cavity, pleural hemorrhage, Ac.
   PLEURALGIA, Pleurodyne.
   PLEURAPOPHYSES, Costae verae, see Costa.
   PLEURAPOSTEMA, Empyema.
   PLEURARTHROCACE, from irXtvpa, 'a rib,'
 apdpov, 'a joint,' and kokos, 'bad.'   Caries of the
 ribs.
    PLEURE.  Pleura.
   PLEURESIA, Pleuritis.
   PLEURESIE,  Pleurisy —p. Faueee,  Pleuro-
 dynia.
   PLEURESIS, Pleuritis.
   PLEURET1QUE, Pleuritic.
   PLEURICUS, Pleural.
   PLEURIS,  Pleuritis.
   PLEURISY, Pleuritis
  Pleurisy, Bilious, Plenri'tie bilio'sa.   Pleu-
risy accompanied with bilious symptoms ; — the
effect of duodenitis or duodeno-hepatitis.
  Pleurisy. False, Pleurodynia.
  Pleurisy, Head.  A ridiculous  term,  occa-
sionally used by  the  vulgar,  in  the  Southern
States especially, for bilious  pneumonia before
the pneumonitie  phenomena are developed, and
whilst the head is prominently affected.
  Pleurisy,  Hemorrhagic, Haematothorax —
p. Rheumatic, Pleurodynia — p. Root, Asclepias
tuberosa.
   Pleurisy,  Typhoid, Pleuritis  typho'i'dee seu
typho'dee seu  typho'ea.  Pleurisy accompanied
by adynamic symptoms.
  PLEURITES, Pleural.
   PLEURIT'IC,  Pleurit'ieue, Pleurilical, (F.)
PleurStique ; same etymon as pleuritis.  Relating
or appertaining to pleuritis — as 'pleuritic  pain.'
   PLEURITIS, from irXtvpa, 'the pleura;' 31or-
bue  latera'lie seu pleurit'ieue seu Coeta'lie, Em-
 pree'ma seu Cauma Pleuritie, Pleurie, Pleure'eie,
Pleure'eia,  Pleuritie coata'lie  seu vera, Pleurit'ica
Febrie, Pasaio pleurit'ica, Inflamma'tio Pleura?,
 Pleuriey, Inflamma'tion ofthe Pleura, (F.) Pleu-
rSeie, Filvre plenrStique, Inflammation  de  la
 Pllvre, may be acute  or chronic.  Perhaps the
 most violent of all internal inflammations  is fhe
 active form; known  by acute, lancinating pain
 in one side ofthe chest, increased by inspiration,
 by coughing, and often by  pressure;  dyspnoea,
 the inspirations  short and frequent; cough dry,
 or with little expectoration; and  difficulty of
 lying on the affected  side. Symptoms, attending
 the phlegmasiae in general, strongly marked.
   Phyeical Signe.  There is seldom any percep-
 tible alteration in the exterior ofthe  chest  When
 effusion has taken place to a great extent, the
 signs will be similar to those of chronic pleurisy.
 The motion of the affected side  is  diminished,
 and the vibrations of the voice cannot be detected
 by tbe hand.  There is more  or  less dulness of
 sound on percussion, the dulness  diminishing or
 disappearing by change of position.   On auscul-
 tation, the  inspiration is feeble, distant, or inau-
 dible; but  change of position  modifies  it.   Ego-
 phony is usually present, when the  effusion i6 in
 moderate quantity, and is best-heard over a por-
 tion of the thoracic parietes, represented by a
 band of three inches, running from below the
 inferior margins of the scapula in the direction
 of  the  ribs to  the  sternum.  Simple pleurisy
 rarely attacks both sides at  once: when such  is
 the  case, the presence of tubercles  may be sus-
 pected.
   Formerly, a true pleuriey  meant one  seated in
 the  pleura: a mediaetinal pleurisy,  one situated
 in the anterior mediastinum ;  and false pleurisy
 or rheumatiemal pleuriey, that which occupies the
 intercostal  muscles.   The last has  received the
 name Pleurodynia ; that of pleuriey being ex-
 clusively appropriated to inflammation  of the
 pleura.  Pleurisy has also been distinguished into
 dry and humid, according as  it is or is not accom-
 panied by expectoration.  Humid or moist pleuriey
 is  now properly  regarded as  a comjlication of
 pleurisy with pulmonary catarrh.  It is the catar-
 rhal pleurisy of some.   The majority of the spe-
 cies  of pleurisy,  admitted by Sauvages, consist
 of complications.
   The causes of pleurisy are like those of other
 internal inflammations.  It  may terminate  by
 resolution,  effusion, or suppuration.
   Chronic   Pleurisy, which  has been particu-
 larly described by Bayle, Broussais, and  Laen-
 nec, most commonly terminates  by a  serous or
 purulent effusion, which sometimes  simulatea
I hydrothorax; at others, phthisis pulmonalis.  It 
PLEUROCELE
 may form slowly, without evident symptoms; or
 it may succeed acute pleurisy.  In  the former
 oase, vague pains are felt in the chest, with small,
 dry  cough,  oppression  at  intervals,  shivering,
 irregular febrile  symptoms,  and  hardness  of
 pulse.
   Phyeical Signe.  The affected side is smoother,
 more  rounded  and motionless:  the intercostal
 spaces are  dilated and filled up, or  may  eyen
 protrude  slightly.  In very chronic cases, how-
 ever, the affected side may be smaller.   The tri-
 angular space above  the clavicle  and the depres-
 sion immediately above the  sternum are often
 drawn downwards on the diseased side.  No vi-
 bration  is  experienced  by the  hand when the
 patient speaks.   The parietes of the thorax are
 sometimes  oedematous, and fluctuation may* be
 occasionally felt between the ribs.   On percus-
 sion the  sound  is dull, or if clear, only so in the
 upper portions  of the  chest. On auscultation,
 there is an absence of tbe usual  sounds  over the
 affected parts, excepting occasionally transmitted
 sounds.   There are no physical  signs that can
 enable us to know whether pus or serum is effused
 into the chest.   The introduction of a  grooved
 needle through  the  intercostal space, as recom-
 mended by Dr.  Thomas  Davies, would of course
 settle the question.
   On dieaection  of those who have died  of pleu-
 risy, the pleura  is found thickened, red, inflamed,
 and  covered  with  membranous  exudations or
 false membranes.  Sometimes it  seems cartilagi-
 nous and ossified! Its cavity frequently contains
 serous or sero-purulent effusions.
   The acute form of the disease requires the most
 active treatment.  General blood-letting, to  such
 an extent as to make a very decided impression
 on the system, and repeated if necessary.   This
 is the most important agent.  After the violence
 of the disease has been got over, counter-irritants
 will be found highly beneficial; as well as when
 It has passed into the chronic state.   The cough
 may be relieved by demulcents.
   Sauvages has given the name Pleuri'tis Ven-
 to'sa, and  Pringle that of Pleurodynia Ven-
 to'sa, to a pain  behind the  false  ribs, attributed
 to the presence of air in the intestines.
   Pleuritis Biliosa, Pleurisy, bilious—p. Bron-
 chialis, Bronchitis—p.  Costalis, Pleuritis—p.
 Diaphragmatica,  Diaphragmitis — p.  Humida,
 Bronchitis—p. Muscularis, Pleurodynia—p. No-
 tha, Pleurodynia—p.  Pericardii, Pericarditis—p.
 Pulmonis, Pleuropneumonia — p.  Rheumatica,
 Pleurodynia—p. Spuria,  Pleurodynia—p. Spuria
 simulata,  Pleurodynia — p. Typhoides, Pleurisy,
 typhoid—p. Vera, Pleuritis.
  PLEUROCE'LE,  from -trXtvpa, 'the  pleura,'
 and  enXn,  ' a tumour.'  Hernia  of the pleura,
 Hernia pleu'rica et  pulmona'lie.  This name,
 employed by Sagar, is inaccurate, as  the pleura
 never  protrudes alone.   It  only forms a hernia,
 when it serves as an envelope to  the lung, to tu-
 mours,  or  to  purulent  collections, which have
 protruded from the thoracic parietes.
  PLEUROCOLLE'SIS, from wXtvpa, 'the pleu-
 ra,' and KoXXau,  'I glue.' #An  adhesion between
 the pleura costalis and pleura pulmonalis.
  PLEURODYNE, Pleurodynia.
  PLEURODYNIA, Pleural'gia, Peeudo-pleu-
 rltie,  Peeiido-pleuriey,  Pleurod'yne,  Autalgia
 doloro'ea,  Parapleuri'tie, Stethorrheu'ma, Rheu-
 tnatis'mns pec'torie,  Pleuri'tis rheumat'iea  seu
 muecula'rie  seu  notha seu  epu'ria seu  epu'ria
 eimulo'ta.  Pnettmo'nia exter'na,  Lagonop'onoe,
 Thoracod'yne, Dolor Pec'torie  exter'nue, Pain in
 the eide, Stitch in the eide,  False, rheumat'ic or
'■heiimatie'mal pleuriey, (Old Eng.) Shott, (Sc.) I
 Vaik, (F.) Point de c6tS, Douleur de c6tS, Pleu- ll
26            PLEXIMETER
 rSsie fiauese;  from nXtvpa, 'the  side or pleura,'
 and  oivvn,  'pain.'  A  spasmodic  or  rheumatic
 affection, generally seated in the muscles of the
 chest, and, ordinarily, in the intercostals.   It  is
 usually augmented by outward pressure, inspira-
 tion, coughing, exertioh, moving the thorax, and
 sometimes  even the corresponding arm.   It  is
 unaccompanied  by fever, cough, or dysrficea, ex-
 cepting under the form of a etitch, wherMiyspnoea
 exists.   It is, generally, by no means obstinate,
 and yields promptly to warm applications and  to
 cupping or leeches.  If it still resists, a blister
 will, almost always,  remove it.
   Pleurodynia Ventosa, Pleuritis ventosa.
   PLEUROMA, Costa, Pleura.
   PLEUROPATHI'A, from  irXtvpa, 'the pleura/
 and vaBos, 'a disease.'  A disease of the pleura.
   PLEUROPERIPNEU'MONY, Plevroperi-
 pneumo'nia, Pleuropneumo'nia, Pneumonopleure'-
 eie, Pneumonopleurltie,Pleurltiepulmo'nis, Pnett-
 mo'nia pleuritie.  Inflammation occupying the
 pleura and the lung  at tho same  time.  Pleurisy
 and peripneumony existing simultaneously.  Phy-
 eical eigne.  A dull  sound is yielded by percus-
 sion for a variable extent over the more depen-
 dent portions  of the  affected side.   The loss of
 sound is partially modified by change of position.
 The  respiratory murmur on  auscultation is very
 feeble or absent inferiorly; higher  up, the crepi-
 tation or bronchial respiration of pneumonia may
 be detected; round the root of the lung, and near
 the  inferior angle of the scapula, egophony  is
 generally present.   There is seldom  much en-
 largement of  the affected side, or  displacement
 of the adjacent organs, as in the case of simple
 chronic pleurisy.
   PLEUROPNEUMA, Pneumathorax.
   PLEUROPNEUMONIA, Pleuroperipneu-
 mony.
   PLEUROPNEUMONIAS,   Pleuroperipneu-
 mony.
   PLEUROPYESIS, Empyema.
   PLEURORRHAGIA, Haeinatothorax.
   PLEUR0RRHO3'A,  from  irXtvpa, 'the  side,'
 and  ptta, ' I flow.'  Accumulation of fluid in the
 pleura.
  PLEURORRHCEACHYLOSA,Chylothorax—p.Lym-
 phatica, Hydrothorax — p. Purulenta, Empyema
 —p. Sanguinea,  Haeinatothorax—p. Serosa, Hy-
 drothorax.
   PLEURORTHOPNGE'A,   from  irXtvpa,   'the
 side,' op&os, ' erect,' and irvtta, ' I respire.'   Pain
 of the side, which does not permit the patient to
 breathe, except when in the vertical position.
   PLEUROSO'MUS,  from  irXtvpa, 'side.'  and
 ciapa, 'body.'  A malformation in which the fis-
 sure is somewhat lateral, with  eventration ex-
 tending chiefly upon the upper part of the abdo-
 men and  upon the chest; the  upper extremity
 of the fissured side being more or less atrophied.
 —Vogel.
  PLEUROSTO'SIS, from irXtvpa,  'the pleura,'
 and  oartov, ' a bone.'   Ossification of the pleura,'
 or in  the cavity of the pleura.  Oeteopleu'ria.
  PLEUROTETANUS, Pleurothotonos.
  PLEUROTHOT'ONOS, Pleurot'onoe, Pleuro-
 tet'anue, Tetanue latera'lie, from  irXtvpo&tv, 'late-
rally,' and rovos, 'tension.' A variety of tetanus,
in which  the  body  is  curved  laterally by the
stronger contraction  of the muscles of one  side
of the body.
  PLEUROTONOS,  Pleurothotonos.
  PLEURUM, Costa, Pleura.
  PLEVRE, Pleura.
  PLEXIM'ETER, Plexom'eter, Plegom'eter, 
PLEXOMETER           727               PLORATUS
Pleaeim'cter,  Anticopoacop'iuin,  Anticop'oscope,
(F.) Pleaaimltre,  from  itXnoou),  'I strike,' and
ptrpov, ' measure,'. ' a measure of percussion.'  An
ivory plate of a circular or ovoid shape, from an
inch and a half to  two inches in diameter, and
about one-sixth of an inch in  thickness.   It has
either a raised  rim or edge, or projecting handles
on its upper side, to permit its being held between
the finger and thumb of  the  left hand, whilst it
is struck w^th the right  It is used in percussion
of the chest.   A piece  of metal, a coin, or  the
finger  of the left hand may be used with equal
advantage. — See Percussion,  mediate.
  PLEXOMETER, Pleximeter.
  PLEXOR, from  trXnaam, 'I strike.'  Plesser,
Any instrument employed in  percussion.  The
ends of the fingers  of the right hand brought to-
gether are the  best  plexor; as the  finger of the
left is, perhaps, the best pleximeter.
  PLEXUS, Plegma, Plec'tane, Plane, Rete, from
irXtKia, plecto,' I interlace,'' I entwine.' (F.) Lacis.
A network  of  blood-vessels or of  nerves.  The
nervous plexuses. Implicatio'nes reticula'res  seu
 Textus nervorum belong—some to the system of
encephalic nerves—others  to that ofthe great sym-
pathetic ; whilst some,  as the pharyngeal, seem
to be formed of the two sets.   The plexuses re-
present  complex networks, with  more or less
loose meshes, formed by the numerous and diver-
sified anastomoses of the nervous filaments; from
which proceed other branches, that are  distri-
buted  to organs, or to other plexuses.
  Plexus, Cardiac, Cardiac plexus—p.  Carotid,
see Carotid nerve—p. Cavernosus, Bulbus vesti-
buli— p. Choroides, see Choroid — p. Choroideus
Medius, Choroidea tela — p.. Ciliaris, Ciliary liga-
ment—p. Cceliaque, Coeliac plexus—p. Coronarius
ventriculi, Gastric plexus—p.  Coronary,  see Car-
diac plexus, and Coronary plexus — p.  Gangli-
formis semilunaris, Coeliac plexus — p. Ganglio-
formes,  Ganglions,  nervous — p.  Glandiforraes,
Ganglions, nervous—p.  Glandulosi Peyeri, Peyeri
glandulae—p.  Hederaceus, Corpus pampiniforme
— p. Hepaticus, Hepatic  plexus—p.  Infra-thy-'
roideal, see Thyroideal veins—p. Lombo-abdomi-
nal, Lumbar plexus—p. Median, Coeliac plexus—
p. Mesenterii proprius et maximus, Coeliac plexus
—p. Nervorum anserinus, Facial nerve—p. Opis-
togastrique,  Coeliac  plexus — p.  Pampiniformis,
Corpus pampiniforme — p. Pharyngeal, see Pha-
ryngeal nerve — p.  Pneumogastricus,  see  Pneu-
mogastric  nerve — p. Retiformis,  Corpus caver-
nosum vaginae —p. Reticularis, Bulbus vestibuli,
Choroides plexus — p. Solar, Coeliac plexus—p.
Soite-mSeentSrique, Hypogastric plexus—p. Testi-
culaire, Spermatic  plexus—p. TrachSlo-eoue-cu-
tanS,  Cervical plexus —  p. Vasculosus  funiculi
spermatici pampiniformis, Corpus pampiniforme.
  PLICA, from plico, irXtKm, ' to fold,' Tricho'eie
plica,  Tricho'ma,  Trichono'eie plica,  Trica,  T.
Incubo'rum  seu Scrofio'rum, Plica  Polonica  seu
Polon'ica Juda'ica  seu  Cachec'tica seu Saxon'ica
seu  caput  31edu'aa  seu  longicau'da latera'lie,
Affec'tio Sarmat'ica, Luee Sarmat'ica seu Polon'-
ica seu Trichomat'ica,  Helo'eie, Helo'tie, Cir'ra-
gra, Cir'rhagra, C. Polono'rum, Ecphy'ma trich-
o'ma, Morbua Cirrho'rum, Coma Caaa'rea, Kolto,
Rhopalo'eie,  Plica'tio,  Plicatu'ra,  3Iatted hair,
Plaited hair, Trichom!atoae hair, (F.)  Plique, P.
Polonaiee.   A  disease endemic in Poland, Lithu-
ania, and  other  parts  of Northern Europe; so
called on account of its being characterized by
interlacing, twisting, and agglutination or matting
of the hair.  By some it has been  regarded as  a
real disease; by others, as the want of attention
to cleanliness.   However this  may be,  it gene-
rally appears upon the hair of the head, but some-
times in that of other parts,  as  the  beard,  the
hair on the  axilla, pubes, Ac.  Alibert admits
three species of plica.   Ir Plica multiform'is  or
Plica caput  3Iedu'ea, in which  the  hairs are
mixed and agglutinated in greater or less masses ;
and this has been again subdivided  into two va-
rieties, according  as  the  meshes  are almost
straight (P. C. M. laeinia'ta, (F.)  Plique  en la-
nilree) or much twisted, (F.)  P. en vrillee.)  2.
Plica  longicau'da, (F.)  Plique eolitaire  ou  d.
queue ; when the hair is united into a single long
mass, and 3. Plica cespito'sa, (F.) Plique en masse,
in which  the hairs  are  matted into one large,
shapeless mass.  Pinel places this disease amongst
the Cutaneoue phlegmaeia ; but it is far from de-
monstrated, that it is the result of inflammation
of the skin.  Certain  it is,  however, that the
tangling of the hair is symptomatic  of an  affec-
tion— eui generie—ofthe dermoid system.   The
idea that it is entirely owing to want of cleanliness,
as has been conceived by  some, is not tenable.
It has been supposed to be produced by a fungous
growth—a mycoderma or trichomaphyte.
   Plica,  Plectane — p.  Cachectica.  Plica — p.
Caput IJedusae, Plica — p. Centralis retinae, see
Optic nerve — p. Longicauda lateralis, Plica — p.
Lunata, Valvula semilunaris — p. Polonica, Plica
— p. Polonica Judaica, Plica—p. Saxonica, Plica
— p. Semilunaris, Valvula semilunaris.
  Plica Conniventes, Valvulae conniventes—p.
Semilunares, see Urinary bladder, and Uterus.
  PLICATIO,  Plica.
  PLICATURA, Plica.
  PLICATURiE CEREBRI, Gyri cerebri.
  PLICHOS, Perinaeum.
  PLINTHIUM, irXtvStov.  A machine invented
by one Nileus, which was formerly  employed  in
the reduction of fractures and luxations.   Scul-
tetus describes  it in  his Armamentarium Chirur-
gicum.
  PLIQUE, Plica—p. Polonaiee, Plica.
  PLOCARIA  CANDIDA, Fucus amylaceus —
p. Helminthochorton, Corallina Corsicana.
  PL031B, Plumbum.
  PL031B  (F.).  The sulphuretted gds  disen-
gaged from  privies, which  proves fatal at  times
to the nightmen,  (F.)  Vidangeure,  engaged  in
emptying  them.
  PLOMB, ACETATE ACIDE DE, Plumbi
superacctas—p. Blanc, Plumbi subcarbonas — p.
Blanc de,  Plumbi subcarbonas—p. Carbonate de,
Plumbi subcarbonas—p.  Chlorure  de, Plumbi
chloridum—p. Iodure de,  Plumbi iodidum—p.
Nitrate de, Plumbi nitras—p.  Oxide de, fondu,
Plumbi oxydum semivitreum—p. Oxide rouge de,
Plumbi oxydum rubrum —p.  Oxide eemi-vitreux
de, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
  PLOMBAGE DES DENTS, Plugging.
  PL031BAGINE, Graphites.
  PLOMBIESRES, MINERAL  WATERS  OF.
Fontea medica'ti Plumba'rii, Therma Plumbarice.
Plombi6res is a town  in the department  of tho
Vosges, 17  leagues from Nancy,  and  two from
Remiremont  Here are several sources of ther-
mal water.  That which is called  Saponaceous
(F.) Savonneuee,  is/ormed of the subcarbonate
and sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, silica,
carbonate  of lime, and much vegeto-animal mat-
ter.  This last component, when held in solution
by means  of the subcarbonate of soda, gives  to
the  water an  unctuous character.   This  is tbo
origin  of  its name.  The waters  of PloinbieVes
are employed as solvents in engorgements  of the
abdominal viscera, and as alteratives in chionio
diseases of the skin.
  PLORATIO, Lacrymatio.
  PLORATUS, Lacrymatio. 
PLOTUS                 728               PLUMBUM
  PLOTUS, Leiopus.                          ||
  PLOUK, Papula.                            jl
  PLUGGING, (Sw.) Plngg, (F.) Tamponnement. |
The act of stopping a hole.  The introduction of |
a plug or  dossil  of lint or rag into a wound or |
natural cavity—as the uterus or vagina—to arrest,
hemorrhage; or of some substance into  a carious |
tooth  to prevent toothache, (F.) Plombage dee j
dsnte.  See Filling.
  PLUKE, Papula.
  PLUM, Prunum, Prunus domestica—p. Assy-
rian, Sebestina.
  PLUMA, Lanugo.
  PLUM ACE AU, Pledget.
  PLUMACEOLUS, Pad, Pledget
  PLUMASSEAU, Pledget.
  PLUMBAGO, Graphites, Persicaria.
  Plumba'go Europa'a, P. lapathifio'lia seu u»-
dula'ta, from plumbum, ' lead,' because covered
with lead-coloured spots, Denta'ria, Crepanella,
Squama'ria, Dentela'ria, Leadwort, (F.)  Dente-
laire, Herbe au Cancer, Malherbe.  Ord. Plumba-
ginaceae.   Sex.  Syat.  Pentandria Monogynia.
The root was formerly much esteemed  as a cure
for  toothache, like the Pellitory of Spain, which
is also called Dentaria.
  PLUMBI ACETAS, P. superacetas—p. Acetas
dilutum alcoholicum,  Liquor plumbi subacetatis
dilutus — p. Acidulus siccus, Plumbi superacetas
— p. Carbonas, P. subcarbonas.
  Plumbi  Chlo'ridum,  Chloride of Lead, (F.)
 Chlorure de Plomb.  This  salt of  lead has been
used in the form of  lotion and ointment in can-
cerous ulcerations.
  Plumbi  Deutoxydum Rubrum, P.  Oxydum
rubrum—p. Hydriodas,  P. Iodidum — p. Iodhy-
dras,  P. Iodidum.
  Plumbi  Iod'idum, P. Iodure'tum seu Hydri'-
odae  seu  Hydro'i'odae  seu  Iodhy'dra8,  Plumbum
ioda'tum seu Hydroiod'icum, I'odide or Iod'uret
of  Lead, (F.)  Iodure  de  Plomb,  I. plombique.
 This salt is formed  by the double  decomposition
of iodide ofi potassium and nitrate ofi lead.  It is
used  in scrofulous affections  internally and ex-
ternally;  and is officinal in  the Pharmacopoeia
 U.  S. 1851. Dose, gr.  ss to gr. iij or iv.
  Plumbi Ioditretum,  P. Iodidum.
  Plumbi  Nitras,  Plumbum  nitricum,  Nitrae
 plumb'icus, Nitrum  aaturni'num. Nitrate of lead,
(F.) Nitrate ou Azotate de Plomb.  A salt formed
by  the  action  of diluted nitric acid  on litharge.
Nitrate of lead  has the  same medical  action  as
the other soluble salts  of lead, and is a valuable
antibromic.  It has been used, also, as an exci-
 tant antiseptic to wounds, ulcers, Ac, and is the
 basis of Ledoyen's disinfecting liquid.
  Plumbi Nitrosac'charas, Nitrosac'charate of
 lead.   (Sacchar. p.  j ;  Acid,  nitric,  p.  ij ; Aqua
p. x.)   Beat together in  a porcelain  dish as long
as  chemical action continues: dilute' the  liquor
 with water, neutralize with chalk, and  to the fil-
 tered solution add  acetate of lead so  long as a
 precipitate  is  formed.   Collect, wash, and dry
 the precipitate, which is saccbarate of lead.  Dis-
 solve  in  dilute nitric acid,  (one  part acid  to
nineteen of water,)  filter and  evaporate to form
 crystals,  which are transparent,  of an amber
colour,  and in  regular hexagonal  plates   or
 prisms.
  Advised as a solvent of phosphatic calculi.
  Plumbi  Oxydum  Album, Plumbi  subcarbonas
— p. Oxydum  carbonatum per acidum  acetosum,
Plumbi subcarbonas—p.  Oxydum  fusum, PI.
Oxydum semivitreum.
  Plumbi  Oxydum  Rubrum,  Jlin'ium,  Miltue,
Deutox'ydumplumbi rubrum, Suporox'ydum Plum-
bo'sum, Plumbum  oxyda'tum  rubrum  seu super -
oxydatum, Sandix, Sandyx, Red lead, (F.) Oxide
de plomb  rouge.  It is sometimes used to kill
vermin.
  Plumbi   Ox'ydum  Semivit'reum,  Plumbum
oxyda'tum,  Lithar'gyrue,  Lithargyrum,  Lithar-
gyr'ium, Oxydum plumbi fusum, Spuma argent'i,
Semi-vit'rified oxyff of lead or litharge, Calciteo'-
aa,  Cath'mia, (F.) Oxide de plomb fondu, Oxide
de plomb eemivitreux, (a yellow protoxyd of lead,
prepared by heat, combined with  carbonic acid.)
It occurs in scales of a whitish-red colour, and
semi-vitrified.  It is employed for pharmaceutical
purposes, as in the  Liquor plumbi acetatie,  Em-
plaetntm plumbi, Ac.  Formerly,  the Litharge of
gold, Chryei'tie, 3tae'eicot, and Litharge of eilver,
Almariab,  were  distinguished  in   commerce.
These were merely ordinary litharge, resembling
gold or silver in colour.
  Plumbi  Subcar'bonas, Car'bonae plumbi seu
plumbicue, Plumbi  Carbonae (Ph. U. S.), Plum.
bum carbonicum,  PI. oxyda'tum carbon'icum 31a.
giete'rium plumbi, Oxydum plumbi album, Cerueeat
AEru'go plumbi, Peimmyth'ion, Peym'mython,  Sim-
mitium, Flake white, Blanca, Gerea, Ifi'fidee,  Sub-
car'bonate ofi lead, Cerueee, White lead, (F.)  Car-
bonate  de plomb, Blanc de plomb, Plomb blanc,
 CSruee, Blanc d'Argent, Blanc de CSruee, Blanc
de Kreme, B. de Creme, B. de Kremnitz, Craie  de
plomb,  (prepared by exposing spiral rolls of lead
to the fumes of vinegar, in vessels placed in dung.)
It  is  inodorous; has a sweet taste; is brittle;
friable; snow white, and of a minute, scaly tex-
ture.   It is  astringent  and  sedative, and  is
sprinkled on parts affected with local inflamma-
tion, or to prevent chafing in  children.   It is
also  used in the  formation  of  ointments and
plasters.
   Plumbi Superace'tas, Cerue'ea aceta'ta,Plumbi
acid'ulus siccus,  P.  ace'tae (Ph.  U.  S.), Sal seu
eac'charum Satur'ni, Plumbum ace'ticum, Dulce'do
 Satur'ni, Acetae plum'bicum cryetalliea'tttm, Sal
 plumbi, Sugar of  lead, Superac"etate of  lead,
 Protoac"etate  of  lead, (F.)  AcState  acide  de
plomb,  Sel ou eucre de Saturne.   (Plumb,  carb,
Ibj, Acid  acetic, cong. 1^.   Boil the  lead  with
 the acid till it is saturated; then strain through
 paper, and evaporate  to a pellicle, that crystals
 may be formed.  Wash the  crystals  and dry on
 blotting-paper.   Ph. L.)  The acetate of lead has
 a sweet, styptic taste; a  very white colour, and
 silky lustre.  It  is astringent; and, in weak solu-
 tion, cooling and sedative; in etrong, stimulant.
 It is given internally, in visceral and other he-
 morrhages, combined with  opium,  and is  used
 externally, in solution, in  inflammation, burns,
 bruises, gonorrhoea, Ac.   Dose, gr. ss to iss.
   Plumbi Tannas, see Tannin.
   PLUMBICUM  ACETAS  CRYSTALLISA-
 TUM, Plumbi superacetas.
   PLUMBOSUM SUPEROXYDUM,  Plumbi
 oxydum rubrum.
   PLUMBUM, Molyb'doe,  Molibdue,  Saturn'ue,
 Capricor'nue, (F.) Plomb.  Lead.  A solid metal
 of  a bluish white  colour;  more malleable than
 ductile; soft enough to be scratched by the nail;
 very fusible and oxydizable, when heated in the
 air, and  existing, in nature, under  a number
 of  different shapes; the  principal of which are
 those of sulphuret and oxyd.  S. g. 11.352.
   Its use is to form oxides and salts.  In its me-
 tallic state, it has no  action upon the body; but
 when oxydized or united with an acid, it acts, in
 large doses, as a powerfully astringent poison.
   Plumbum Aceticum, Plumbi superacetas — p.
 Album, Tin—p.  Candidum,  Tin—p. Carbonicum, 
PLUMIERA  ALBA          729          PNEUMOGASTRIC      *
Plumbi  subcarbonas — p. Cinereum,  Bismuth,
Bubnitrate of—p.  Hydroiodicum,  Plumbi Iodi-
dum—p. Iodatum, Plumbi Iodidum—p. Nigrum,
Graphites—p. Nitricum,  Plumbi nitras—p. Oxy-
datum, Plumbi oxydum  semivitreum—p. Oxyda-
tum carbonicum, Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Oxy-
datum rubrum, Plumbi oxydum rubrum—p. Su-
peroxydatum, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
  PLUMIE'RA ALBA ; Order, Apocynaceae ;  a
native of tropical America, has a milky juice
which is cathartic.
  Plumiera  Dras'tica, is  given  in Brazil in
jaundice,  and  chronic  obstructions, [?] mixed
with milk of almonds.
  Plumiera Phageda'nica, is in repute in Bra-
zil as an anthelmintic.
  PLUMS, SEEDED, see Diospyros Virginiana
— p. Winter, see Diospyros Virginiana — p. Yel-
low, see Diospyros Virginiana.
  PLUNGE BATH, see Bath.
  PLUNGING SIPHON, see Siphon.
  PLUNKETT'S  CAUSTIC  FOR CANCERS,
Plunkett's Ointment.
  Plunkett's Ointment, Plunketle  Caustic for
 Cancere.  This empirical cancer remedy consists
of  Arsenioue acid,  Sulphur,  and the powdered
flowers of the Ranunculus flammula  and Cotula
fostida : — levigated, and made into a paste with
the white of egg, and applied, on a piece of pig's
bladder, to the surface of the cancer.
  PLURAL  BIRTH, see Multiparous.
   PLU'TEA.   Avicenna gives this name to du-
plicatures of the  dura mater, such as the  Falx
cerebri.
   PLUTONIUM, Barium.
   PNEOBIOMANTIA, Docimasia pulmonum.
   PNEOBIOMANTICA, Docimasia pulmonum.
   PNEUMA, Air, Life.  See Pneumatic Physi-
 cians.
   PNEUMAPOSTE'MA, Pneumonapoete'ma, Ab-
scess U8 pulmo'num ; from irvtvpoiv, 'the lung;'and
 airoarnpa, ' abscess.'  Abscess of the lung.
   PNEUMARTHRO'SIS, from trvtvpa,' air,' and
apSpov, ' articulation.'  Secretion of air into an
articular cavity.  Seen at times after acute rheu-
matism, but soon disappearing [?].
   PNEUMATELECTASIS,  Atelectasis  pulmo-
 num.
   PNEUMATH^l'MIA,  Pneumatas'mia,  from
 irvtvpa, irvtvparos,  ' air,'  and  'aipa,  ' blood.'   A
 morbid condition in which air is developed in the
 bloodvessels.—Cless.
   PNEUMATHORAX, Pneumothorax.
   PNEUMAT'IC,  Pneumat'icue,  Pneumat'ical,
 (F.) Pneumatique, from irvtvpa, irvtvparos,  'life,
air.'  Relating to pneuma, air or health.
   Pneumat'ic Physicians, Pneumalici.  Name
given to a sect of physicians, at the head  of whom
 was Athenaeus, who made health and disease  to
 consist in the different proportions of an element
—which they called Pneuma, irvtvpa—to those  of
the other elementary principles.  This irvtvpa was
a fancied spiritual principle, which the Stoics re-
garded as an element, different from water, air,
earth and fire; — the sole elementary principles
previously admitted.
   PNEUMAT'ICA, from irvtvpa, irvtvparos, 'air.'
Appertaining to the breathing.  Diseases of the
respiratory function;—the second class in Good's
system of nosology.  Agents  that act on  the re-
spiratory organs.—Pereira.
  PNEUMATICAL, Pneumatic.
  PNEUMATOCELE, Physocele.
  PNEUMATO'DES, from  irvtvpa, 'wind/ and
nSvs, 'resemblance.'  One distended with air, or
who breathes with difficulty, owing to an accumu-
lation of flatus in the digestive tube; or, accord-
ing to others, owing to emphysema.
  PNEUMATOMETER, Spirometer.
  PNEUMATOMPHALOCELE,  Pneumatom-
phalus.
  PNEUMATOM'PHALUS,  Pneumatom
ce'le, from  irvtvpa, irvtvparos,  ' air,' and  optpaXos*
'the umbilicus.'  Umbilical  intestinal hernia,
containing  a considerable quantity of flatus.
  PNEUMATOR'RHACHIS, from -vrvpa, rrvtv-
paros, ' air,' and  Va3t'f» 'tne  spine.'  Accumula-
tion of air in the vertebral canal.
  PNEUMATOSE, Pneumatosis—p. PSritonSule,
Tympanites.
  PNEUMATO'SIS, Aero'eie, from irvtvpa, irvtv-
paros, 'air.' Flatue, (F.) 3Ialadie venteuse, Pneu-
matose.  Flatulence.  Flatulent distension of the
stomach or bowels, or both.  Sauvages uses tbe
word synonymously with emphysema.  It is now
generally employed for every abnormous collec-
tion of gaseous matters in any part of the body.
  Pneumatosis, Emphysema — p.  Abdominis,
Tympanites — p.  Enterica, Colica flatulenta — p.
Pericardii, Pneumo-pericardium — p. Pulmonum,
Emphysema  of the lungs — p.  Ventriculi, et
Pneumatosis enterica, Flatulence.
  PNEUMATOTHORAX, Pneumothorax.
  PNEUMECTASIS, Emphysema of the Lungs.
  PNEUMOCACE, Necropneumonia.
  PNEUMOCE'LE, iferw'a pulmo'nis,  (F.) Her-
nie du poumon.   Hernia of the lung through one
of the intercostal spaces.
  PNEUMOCHOLOSIS, Pneumonia (bilious).
  PNEUMOCHYSIS, CEdema ofthe lungs.
  PNEU3I0ECTASIE,  Emphysema  of the
lungs.
  PNEUMOGASTRIC, Pneumogas'tricus, (F.)
Pneumogaetrique, from nvtvpiav,  'the  lung,' and
yaornp,  ' the stomach.'   Belonging to the lungs
and stomach.

  Pneumogastric Nerve's, Eighth pair of nerves
(Tenth pair,  of some,)  Par  vagum, Pare  vaga,
Nervite vague seu ambulato'rius seu pneumogae'-
tricue seu dec"imue seu eympath'icue me'diue, 31id-
dle sympathetic, (F.) Nerfie pneumogasti iques ou
vogues; so called because it  is  distributed espe-
cially to the organs contained in the chest and ab-
domen.  This nerve arises from  behind the emi-
nentiae olivariae and near the corpora restiformia
by one or two rows of filaments, regularly arranged.
These  filaments unite to form a flat cord, which
issues  from the cranium by the foramen lacerum
posterius;  behind the glosso-pharyngeal  nerve.
At its exit  from  the cranium, the pneumogastric
nerve  has  the  appearance of  a very  compact
plexus — Plexus  gangliform'is, Ganglion ofthe
superior laryngeal branch, of Sir Astley Cooper.
It  then descends along the  neck, deeply  seated
on  the outside of the carotid artery and the inter-
nal jugular vein.  When it has attained the lower
part of the neck, it enters the  chest, gliding be-
hind  the  subclavian vein, and  passing on the
right side,  in front of the subclavian artery, and,
on  the left, before the arch of the aorta.  It pro-
ceeds,  at  first,  backwards,  increasing in size.
Afterwards, it passes from behind  the bronchia
to the oesophagus, which it accompanies through
the diaphragm, and terminates  on  the stomach.
In  the  neck, the pneumogastric nerve  anasto-
moses  with the  spinal, glosso-pharyngeal,  great
hypo-glossal, and great sympathetic nerves; and
furnishes, 1, a pharyngeal branch,  2, a superior
laryngeal, 3, cardiac branches.  In the chesty it 
PNEUMOGRAPHY           730          PNEUMONOCELE"
gives  off, 1, the inferior laryngeal, or recurrent, j
2, the pulmonary plexue, and, 3, the oeaophageal
branchee.  On entering the  abdomen, the oeso-
phageal branches, which terminate the pneumo-
gastric,  are distributed upon the stomach, and
give numerous  filaments to that viscus,  to the
hepatic, coeliac, gastro-epiploic, and solar plex-
uses.  Some go, also, to the pancreas, liver, gall-
bladder, duodenum, Ac.
  PNEUMOGRAPHY, Pneumogra'phia, from
nti|iuv, 'the lung,' and ypa<pn, 'a description.'
The part of anatomy that describes the lungs.
  PNEUMOLITHI'ASIS, from trvtvpuv,  'lung,'
and XtStaats,' formation of stone.'  A morbid state
in which calculi form in the lungs.
  PNEUMOL'OGY, Pneumolog"ia,from irvtvpiav,
' the lung,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'  An  anato-
mical treatise on the lungs.  An anatomical de-
scription of the lungs.
  PNEUMOMETER, Spirometer.
  PNEUMOM'ETRY, Pneumomelria, from irvtv-
uwv, ' the lung,' and ptrpov,' measure.' Measure-
ment of the  capacity  of the lungs for air. See
Spirometer.
  PNEUMON, Pulmo.
  PNEUMONALGIA, Angina pectoris.
  PNEUMONATELECTASIS, Atelectasis pul-
monum.
  PNEU310NECROSIE, Necro-pneumonia.
  PNEUMONECTASIS,  Emphysema   pulmo-
num.
   PNEUMOXEMPHRAX'IS.from irvtvpuv, 'the
lung,' and  tu<ppaZts,  ' obstruction.'  Congestion
and infarction  of the lungs.
   PNEUMO'NIA,  Peripneumo'nia, 'Empree'ma
pneumonitis, Pleumo'nia, Peripneumo'nia, Pneu-
 tnoni'tis,  Pulmo'nia,  Pulmona'ria, Inflamma'tio
pneumon'ica, I. pec'torie acu'ta seu  pulmo'num,
 Pneumos'tasis, Febrie pneumon'ica,  Pneu'mony,
 Peripneu'mony, Inflammation ofi the Lunge, Lung-
 fever (vulgarly), (F.) Inflammation des poumons,
 Filvrepneumonique ou pSripneumonique, Fluxion
 de poitrine, Inflammation  du parenchyme pulmo-
 naire.  From  irvtvpmv, ' the  lung.'  The chief
 symptoms of pneumonia are : — pyrexia, accom-
 panied by pain, sometimes obtuse, at others pun-
 gent,—in some part of the thorax ; pulse  more or
 less  quick and hard, according  to the violence
 aDd  extent of the local disorder;  pain, aggrava-
 ted by the  cough, which,  with dyspnoea, exists
 throughout the disease.  At first, the expectora-
 tion is difficult and painful;  but, in the course of
 a few days,  it  becomes free, and the oppression
 of breathing is mitigated.  When the inflamma-
 tion, instead of going off by resolution, passes on
 to suppuration,  rigors  are  experienced; the re-
 spiration becomes more oppressed, but less pain-
 ful, and  a sense of weight  is felt in one of the
 pleurae.  Pneumonia  may,  also, terminate  by
 gangrene—but this rarely happens,— by indura-
 tion and by hepatization.
    Physical  Signs.  First  Stage, (F.)  Engoue-
 ment.  Diminution of the  sound is generally ob-
 served over the affected part on percussion; aus-
 cultation exhibits an equal, dry, crepitating rdkj
 which is best heard at the close of a deep inspi-
 ration, and  on coughing.   The respiratory mur-
 mur is intermingled  with the crepitant rdle, or it
 may be  absent.  In the neighbourhood of the
 affected parts  it  is natural or puerile.  The voice
 and cough are rather more resonant than usual.
 Second  Stage,  (F.) HSpatieation rouge. When
 hepatization has occurred, the motion of the af-
 fected side  is impeded, and  immediately above
 the  sternum and in the corresponding triangular
 space  on either side, there is  often an  evident
 depression.   Percussion is dull over the affected
part in every position ofthe patient.  On auscul-
tation, the crepitation is found to be replaced by
bronchial respiration.   The respiratory murmur
is louder in  the other portions of the lung, the
voice  and cough are more resonant,  and the
heart's action  is  more  distinct.   Third Stage,
(F.) HSpatieation  griee.   When  suppuration su-
pervenes, the same signs persist;  but usually the
voice  and cough are less resonant, and a coarse,
mucous rdle is beard.  When gangrenous or sup-
purative  cavities  are formed, they present the
ordinary signs.
  The prognosis must be guarded.  It is  not a
disease which we  can always subdue.  Great ex-
tent of inflammation ; very considerable oppres-
sion ;  orthopnoea, and difficult expectoration are
unfavourable symptoms.  The most active treat-
ment  is of course necessary.  General bleeding
forms the sheet anchor,—employed so as to make
a decided impression on the system, and repeated,
if  necessary;  local blood-letting;  nauseating
doses of antimonials; purgatives; and when the
violence of the inflammation has  been got under,
— counter-irritants,  Ac.   Chronic  pneumonia
sometimes succeeds the acute,  and, at  others,
occurs accidentally.  It must be managed on
general principles. .Small bleedings, especially
locally;  and counter-irritants of all kinds are
indicated.
  Pneumonia Biliosa, P. bilious.
  Pneumonia, Bil'ious, P. bilio'ea, Pneumocho-
lo'eie.  Inflammation of the lungs, accompanied
by  gastric fever, and not uncommonly by typhoid
symptoms;—Pneumotyphue, Pneumo'nia typho'i'.
dee seu typho'dee seu typho'sa, putrid, typhoid,
adynamic, or eryaipelatoue pneumo'nia.
  Pneumonia,  Erysipelatous,  P. bilious — p.
Gangraenosa, Necropneumonia — p. Hypostatica,
Pneumonypostasis — p.  Intermittens, Pneumoty-
posis—p. Lobular, see Lobular — p. Notha, Peri-
pneumonia notha—p. Pleuritis, Pleuropneumonia
—p. Putrid, P. bilious — p. Typhodes,  P.  bilious
—  p.  Typhoid, P.  bilious — p. Typhosa, P. bilious,
Necropneumonia—p. Vesicular, Bronchitis, vesi-
cular.
   PNEUMONIC, Pulmonic.
   PNEUMON'ICA.  From irvtvpiav, 'the lung.'
 Diseases affecting the lungs, their membranes or
 motive power; characterized by  irregular, im-
peded, or painful respiration. The second order
 of  the class Pneumatica of Good.
    PNEUMONICULA, diminutive of pneumonia.
 A  slight inflammation  of the lung.
    PNEUMONICUS, Pulmonic.
    PNEU310N1E, Pneumonia—p. DieeSminSe,
 see Lobular — p. Lobulaire, see Lobular—p. Ma-
 melonnSe, see Lobular.
    PNEUMONIE DES AGONISANTS, Pneu-
 monie hypfistatique.   The hyperaemic engorge-
 ment, which  takes place in the  lungs during the
 last  moments of life, has been so termed.   It
 would seem to be hyperaemia rather than inflam-
 mation.
    PNEUMONIT'IC, Pneumonit'icus.   Of, or be-
 longing to  pneumonitis, or  inflammation of the
 lungs.
    PNEUMONITIS, Pneumonia.
    PNEUMONOCARCINO'MA,  from  trvtvpmv,
 ' the lung,' and xapxivuipa, ' cancer.'  Cancer of
 the lungs.
    PNEUMONOCE'LE, from irvtvpuv,  'the lung,'
 and  KnXn, ' rupture.'  Hernia of the lung.
    Pneumonoce'le Diaphragmat'ica Inter'na.
 Hernia of the lung through  the diaphragm.
    Pneumonocele Exter'na seu Thorac"ica.
i Hernia through the parietes of the chest. 
PNEUMONCEDEMA          731         PODENCEPHALUS
  Pneumonocele Thoracica, Pn. externa.
  PNEUMOXQ2DEMA, OMeina ofthe lungs.
  PNEUMONOMELANOSIS, see Melanosis.
  PNEUMONOMETER, Spirometer.
  PNEUMONOPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis.
  PNEUMONOPHTHOE, Phthisis pulmonalis.
  PNEUMONOPLEURESIS,  Pleuroperipneu-
mony.
  PNE UMON OPLEURITIS,  Pleuroperipneu-
mony.
  PNEUMONORRHAGIA, Haemoptysis.
  PNEUM0N0RRH03A, Haemoptysis.
  PNEUMONOSCIR'RHUS, from  nvtvpuv, ' the
lung,'  and axtppos, ' induration.'  Induration of
the lungs.
  PNEUMONOSES, Pneumosee.
  PNEUMONY, Pneumonia.
  PNEUMONYPOSTASIS, Pneumo'nia hypo-
etat'ica.  Pneumonia in a depending portion of
the lung, caused by lying on the back.
  PNE U3IOPERICARDE,   Pneumo - pericar-
dium.
  PNEUMO-PERICARD'IUM,  Pneumo-peri-
carditie, Pneumato'eie pericardii, (F.)  Pneumo-
pSricarde,  from  irvtvpa,  ' air,' and irtpixapitov,
'pericardium.'   Laennec designates, under this
name, the effusion of air into  the  cavity of the
pericardium.
  PNEUMOPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis.
  PNEUMOPHYMATA, Tubercles ofthe lungs.
  PNEUMOPLEURESIS, Pleuroperipneumony.
  PNEUMOPTHOE, Phthisis pulmonalis.
  PNEUMORRHAGIA,  Haemoptysis — p. In-
terna, Haeinatothorax.
  PNEUMOSEPSIS, Necropneumonia.
  PNEU3IOSES, from trvtvpwv, 'the lung.'  A
term under which Alibert comprises every mor-
bid affection of the lungs.
  PNEUMOTHORAX, Pneumatho'rax, Pneu-
matotho'rax, Emphyse'ma pec'torie, Aethma aeri-
um seu emphysemalicum, Dyspnce'a pneumat'ica
sen  phyeothorac"ica, Phyeotho'rax, Aerotho'rax,
Aeropleurie  (Piorry), from  -irvtvpa, 'air,' and
Siapat;, ' the thorax.'  An accumulation  of air  in
the cavity of the pleura.  A complaint generally
sudden in its invasion and fatal in its character.
In  many instances, along with  the air, a liquid is
effused,—Hydropneumothorax.   The disease may
be  spontaneous and simple, but in  a large pro-
portion of cases it is complicated  with  pleurisy
and pulmonary tubercles.  The signs vary ac-
cording as there is, or is not, a communication
between the pleura and the bronchia.   The  af-
fected  side gives a hollow,  tympanitic sound,
even where the thickness of the parietes of the
thorax is great When the effusion is  consider-
able, the affected side is dilated, but there  is  no
rdle of any kind.  When a gaseous and a liquid
effusion are present at the same time, the sound
on percussion is found to be clear at the superior
part of the thorax, but dull inferiorly; hence,  by
varying the position of the patient, and by con-
sequence that  of tbe contained fluids, the seats
of the clear and the dull sound will be varied.
When the gaseous effusion is owing to a fistulous
communication between tbe pleura and bronchia,
the metallic respiration and resonances are heard;
and if there be both gaseous and liquid effusion,
with a fistulous communication, in addition  to
these signs there is the tintement mStallique.  The
presence of liquid  can  always  be ascertained by
succuesion.  See Emphysema pf the lungs.
  PNEUMOT'OMY, Pneumotom'ia, from trvev^iDv,
' the lung,' and rtpvio, 'I cut'  Dissection of the
lungs.
  PNEUMOTYPHUS, Pneumonia, typhoid.
  PNEUMOTYPO'SIS, Pneumo'nia intermit'-
tene, from  irvtvptiiv, ' the lung,'  and rviros,  ' &
stamp, a  type.'   Pneumonia  characterized  by
periodicity.
  PNEUOBIOMANTIA, Docimasia  pulmonum.
  PNEUSIOBIOGNOSIS, Docimasia pulmonum.
  PNEUSIOBIOSCOPE, Docimasia  pulmonum.
  PNEUSIS, Respiration — p. Pertussis, Pertus-
sis— p. Singultus, Singultus — p. Tussis, Tussis.
  PNEUSOMETER,  Spirometer.
  PNIGALION, Incubus.
  PNIGMOS, Orthopnoea, Strangulation.
  PNIGOPHOBIA, Angina pectoris, Suffocation.
   PNIX, Orthopnoea, Strangulation.
  PNOE, Aura.
  PN03UM.  A nostrum of Dr.  Samuel Hahne-
 mann, the founder of the ' Homoeopathic System,'
 which consisted — it is said — of  borax only !
  PNOOCOLYTICUS, Asthmatic.
   POAD-MILK, Colostrum.
  POCHE DES EAUX, see Liquor Amnii, and
 Parturition.
   POCK,  from Teut. pocca,  'pock  or little
 pouch.'  A pustule of smallpox.
   Pock-arr, Poek-mark, see Cicatrix—p. Kine,
 Vaccina.
   POCKFRETTEN,  see Pockmark.
   POCKHOLE, Pockmark."
   POCKMARK,  Pockhole,  (Prov.)  Pock-arr,
 Scrobic'ulue seu  Cica'trix  Variola.  The mark
 or  pit or  pitting left from a smallpox pustule.
 One pitted.with smallpox is said to be pockfiretten
 or  pockfiredden.
   POCKY.  Infected with, or appertaining to,
 or  resembling, smallpox or syphilis.
   POCULUM ABSINTHIATUM.  This  was
 regarded, in remote ages, as a wholesome beve-
 rage; the  abeinthium, or 'wormwood,' being sup-
 posed to act as an antidote to drunkenness.
   Poculum Amatorium,  Philter — p.  Diogenis,
 Palm — p. Emeticum, Goblet, emetic.
   POD'AGRA, Podarthri'tis, Podorrheu'ma, Po-
 dal'gia, from  trovs, ttoios,  ' the  foot,' and aypa,
 ' seizure.'   Pain which attacks the  feet.   Gout,
 situate in  the  articulations of the foot.  It has,
 also, been used in a more extensive signification
 synonymously with gout.
    Podagra Aberrans, Gout, (wandering) — p.
 Arthritis,  Gout — p.  Retrograda,  Gout,  (retro-
 grade.)
    PODAGRARIA. Ligusticum  podagraria — p.
 iEgopodium, Ligusticum podagraria.
    PODAG'RIC,  Podag'rical, Podag'ricue,  Ar-
 thrit'icue,  Arthrilic,  Gouty, (F.) Goutteux.  Re-
 lating or belonging  to gout  Affected with, or
 liable to gout.
   PODALGIA, Gout, Podagra.
   POD4LYRIA TINCTORIA, Sophora tinctoria.
   PODANET^CEPHALIA, see Podencephalus.
   PODARTHRITIS, Podagra.
   PODARTHROCACE, from trovs, ttoios, 'the
 foot,' ap&pov, 'an  articulation,' and  xaxos,  'bad.'
 Caries of the articulation of the foot.
   PODENCEPHALIA, see Podencephalus.
   PODENCEPH'ALUS, Podanenceph'alue, from
 irovs, iroios, 'the foot,' and'KtipaXn, 'the head.'  A
 monster whose brain is placed  outside the skull,
 and seems to  be supported on a pedicle,  which
 traverses the summit of the skull.  This state of 
PODEX                 732                 POISON
monstrosity is termed Podanencepha'lia, or more
properly, Podencepha'lia.—I. G. St Hilaire.
  PODEX, Anus, Nates.
  PODCEDE'MA, from trovs, troios, 'foot,' and oi-
inpa, ' a swelling.'   OSdema of the foot
  PODOL'OGY,  Podolog"ia,  from  trovs, iroios,
'the foot,'and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' A description
of the foot.  A treatise on the foot.
  PODOPHYL'LUM PELTATUM, Podophyl-
lum, Anapodophyll um  Canadenee,  3fay-apple,
Mandrake.  Ord. Berberidaceae.  Sex. Syet. Poly-
andria Monogynia;  from irony, iroios, ' a foot,'  and
tpvXXov, 'a leaf,' in reference to the shape of the
leaf. A common plant throughout North America.
The fruit is eatable, and esteemed by many.  The
leaves are said to  be poisonous.  The  root or
rhizoma, Podophyllum (Ph.  U. S.), is purgative
in the dose of 20 grains. -  It has also been used
as an anthelmintic.
  Podophyllum Monta'num, Mountain 31ay-ap-
ple, 31andrake, Wild Lemon, Ducksfoot, Raccoon
Berry, Yellow Berry, Ground Lemon, has  the
same properties.
  PODORRHEUMA, Podagra.
  PODOTHE'CA, from  trovs, iroios, 'tt foot,'and
&nKn, 'a receptacle, a sheath.'  The cuticle ofthe
foot.  An anatomical preparation.  Chirothe'ca,
has been used for the cuticle of the hand.
  POELETTE, Cup, Palette.
  POE'PHAGUS, from  iron, or iroa, 'a plant, an
herb,' and tpayai, 'I  eat'  One who  subsists on
herbs or vegetables.  The act of subsisting or
feeding  on herbs  or vegetables  is called Poe-
phag'Ha.   Hence Strabo calls the Irish irontpayot.
  POGON, Beard.
  POGONFASIS, Pogo'nia,  from traytav,  'the
beard.'  A female beard.  Also,  great strength
or quantity of beard.  A female having a beard
— Vira'go.
  POGO'NIUM, truyaivtov, diminutive of iruyutv,
'beard.'  A weak or small beard.
  POGONOL'OGY, Pogonolof'ia, from  ™Yiov,
' a beard,' and Xoyos, ' a description.'   A descrip-
tion of, or treatise on, the beard.
  POGOSTEMON  INTERMEDIUS, P. Pat-
chouli.
  Pogoste'mon Patchouli, P. Suavie seu inter-
me'dius, Pucha-Pat, Patchouli.   Nat. Ord.  La-
biatae.  Native of Penang and the Malayan  pe-
ninsula.  The oil is  used as a perfume. The  dis-
tilled oil is used for  the same purpose.
  Pogostemon Suavis, P. Patchouli.
  POH0N ANTIAR, Upaa —p. Upas, Upas.
  POL   A favourite  aliment  in the Sandwich
Islands. It is a sort of paste made from the root
of the Kalo—Arum eeculen'tum.
  POIDS  ET MESURES, Weights and mea-
sures.
  POIGNEE, Manipulus.
  POIGNET, Carpus.
  POIL, Galactocele, Hair.
  POILETTE, Cup.
  FOILS, see Typha latifolia.
  POING, Fist.
  POINT, Stitch.
  Point, Blistering.   A  name given  by Dr.
Rush to an indeterminate period in the course
of a continued fever, intermediate  between the
stages of high excitement and collapse, in which
blisters  will—he thought — usually produce un-
equivocally good effects.
  POINT DE COTE, Pleurodynia.
  POINTS LAORYMAUX, Lachrymali*
puncta.
  POIRE, see Pyrus communis.
  POIREAU, Allium porrum, Verruca.
  POIRIER, Pyrus communis.
  POIS, Pisum—p. d Cautlre, see Fonticulus—
p. Chiche, Cicer arietinum—p. CultivS, Pisum—
p. d Gratter,  Dolichos pruriens—pi Patate, Doli-
chos tuberosus.
  POISON, Phar'macon, Phar'macum, Tox'icum,
Vene'num,  Virue, Delete'rium,  Venena'tion, (F.)
Poiaon.   A generic name for all substances which,
when introduced into the animal economy, either
by  cutaneous  absorption, respiration, or  the' di-
gestive  canal, act in a noxious manner  on  the
vital properties or the texture of organs.  Hence
we  speak of fever  poison,  cholera  poison,  Ac.
Poisons exist in the three kingdoms of nature;
but those which proceed from animals  are often
called venoms, as  the venom of the viper, scor-
pion, tarantula, Ac; whilst those that are the
products of  disease have  the name virue.   In
common parlance, therefore, poison  is restricted
to deleterious articles, furnished by the mineral
and vegetable kingdoms.  Orfila has divided poi-
sons into four classes.   1. Acrid,  Ir'ritattng,
Corro'sive, or Escharot'ic, such as the concen-
trated acids and  alkalies; mercurial, arseniacal,
cupreous, and antimonial compounds,  canthari-
des, Ac.  2. Narcot'ic; those that act particu-
larly upon the brain; as hyoscyamus, opium, Ac,
but without inflaming the organ with which they
come in contact. 3.  Narcot'ico-Acrid  or Acro-
narcot'ic; — those  that  act on the brain, but, at
the same time, irritate the parts to which  they
are applied; as aconite, belladonna,  Ac. 4. Sep-
tic  or Putrescent; — those furnished  by the
animal kingdom.  See Venom  and  Virus.  Va-
rious classifications, of a similar character, have
been recommended by different toxicologists ; but
they are liable to the objection, that they throw
substances  together whose  physiological action
on  the system is very different.  It is, indeed,
difficult to avoid unnatural  compression of mat-
ters into places not properly belonging to them,
in all such arrangements.
  The following table, which exhibits a coup d'oeil
of the chief poisons, with  most of  the circum-
stances  of importance connected with  them,  ii
not free from these  objections 
POISONS                  733                  POISONS
TABLE, EXHIBITING THE  SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT,  AND MODE  OF  DETECTING
            THE VARIOUS  POISONS, MINERAL,  VEGETABLE  AND ANIMAL.

                N. B.  In all caeee the Stomach-Pump ahould be uaed aa eoon ae poeaible.

                           I.  INORGANIC   POISONS.
Poisons.
   ACIDS.

 Acetic Acid.

  Citric Arid.

Muriatic Acid.

  Nitric Acid.

Sulphuric Acid.

 Tartaric Acid.

  Oxalic Acid.,
Symptoms.
  The  acids,  generally, are
strong  corrosive  poisons.
Sour, acrid taste, burning
in the throat, which is in-
creased by pressure, swal-
lowing, or coughing; eruc-
tation, and   excruciating
pain in the stomach; more
or less corrugation  of the
lining  membranes of the
mouth and prima?, viae; ex-
coriation  about the mouth
or such other parts of the
skin as the acid may have
touched.  The matter vo-
mited  effervesces with car-
bonate of lime.  The coun-
tenance becomes glazed, ex-
tremities cold and clammy;
convulsions and death. Ni-
tric  acid  occasions  yellow
stains, and sulphuric acid,
black.
 Pruasic Acid.

Oil of Bitter Al-
    monds.

 Laurel Water.
ALKALIES and
 their SALTS.

   Ammonia,
Strong Liquor or
    Water of.

Muriate of Am-
  monia  or  Sal
  Ammpniac.

    Potassa.

Caustic  Potassa,
  and Liquor Po-
  tassa;.

Carbonate of Po-
  tassa, or Pearl
  Ash,  and  Salt
  of Tartar.

Nitrate of Potas-
 sa or Saltpetre.

Sulphuret of Po-
  tassium or Li-
  ver of Sulphur.

     Soda.
Treatment.
  Is a sedative poison; nau-
sea, giddiness, debility, hur-
ried pulse, weight and pain
in  the  head;  eructations
having the  flavour of the
acid;  spasms, tetanus, con-
tractile pupil; convulsions,
death.
  The carbonates of soda,
potassa,  lime  and magne-
sia, are all antidotes to the
acids;  calcined  magnesia
also.  They are to be used
with the following restric-
tions : for the  acetic, citric,
muriatic,   sulphuric,   and
tartaric acids, they may be
used indiscriminately.  For
the nitric and oxalic,  car-
bonates  of  magnesia  and
lime can alone pe employed
with safety. In the case of
sulphuric acid, water should
not be drunk, on account
of the great heat which is
produced by their mixture.
Subsequent  inflammation
to  be treated by ordinary
means.
  The carbonates ofthe al-
kalies and of magnesia and
lime  have  the  inconve-
nience, that a large quan-
tity of gas is  extricated in
the stomach.
  Ammonia is an antidote;
but it  should not  be  em-
ployed  in a very concen-
trated form.   Liquid chlo-
rine has also been  found
efficacious.  The cold douche
to  the head has been  re-
commended.
Tests.
  Violent,   caustic,  acrid
taste;  great heat  in the
throat, with destruction of
its lining membrane; diffi-
cult  and  painful  degluti-
tion; vomiting  of bloody
matter, which  turns the
yellow of turmeric  brown ;
acute pain in the stomach ;
cold sweats, weakness, hic-
cough; violent colic pains,
with   purging  of  bloody
stools   and  membranous
flakes; death.
  The  nitrate  of potassa
will not manifest the effect
with turmeric paper.  The
carbonates, when vomited,
will effervesce with acids;
and  the  liver  of sulphur
will give rise to eructations
of sulphuretted hydrogen.
EARTHS   and
COMPOUNDS.
Carbmiatt of Ba-
      ryta.

Chlottde.  of Ba-
     rium.

Mtrate  »f Ba-
      ryta.

     Limb.
  Analogous  to  those  of
t{jp corrosive metals.  Vio-
lent  burning  in  the  sto-
mach*   vomiting,  gripes,
diarrhcea;  excessive  mus-
cular  debility,  headache,
convulsions, death.  Lime
differs from baryta in being
a pure irritant.
  The vegetable acids, such
as vinegar,  lemon  juice.
citric and tartaric acid in
solution  are  antidotes  to
the alkalies and their car-
bonates.   The  fixed  oils,
such as castor, linseed, al-
mond and olive, form soaps
with the  free alkalies, and
therefore destroy their caus-
tic effects.
•  Poisoning by nitrate  of
potassa to be treated on ge
neral antiphlogistic princi-
ples;  mucilaginous drink
  Liver of sulphur is said
to be decomposed  and neu-
tralized  by common  salt.
The liquidchloride of soda
will also decompose it.
  Sulphuric acid is known by a
white precipitate with  any salt
of baryta, insoluble ii. nitric acid.
  Muriatic  acid is  known by a
white precipitate with, nitrate of
silver,  insoluble in  nitric acid,
which turns black by the  action
of light.
  Nitric acid gives rise to orange-
coloured  fumes,  when copper  is
placed  in it. and  an ability  to
dissolve  gold when  mixed with
muriatic acid.
  Acetic acid exhales the odour of
vinegar.
  Citricacidblackens-when heated.
  Tartaric acid precipitates crys-
tals, with a solution of  potassa ;
and a white precipitate is thrown
down by lime-water.
  Oxalic  acid gives a white preci-
pitate  with lime-water,  which,
when heated,  is converted  into
carbonate of lime.
  Prussic acid exhales the_ odour
of peach-kernels; forms a'white
precipitate with nitrate of silver
neutralized with an alkali, gives
a blue precipitate with the per-
salts of iron.
  The  alkalies are  known  by
their action on turmeric paper:
restoring  the  colour  of  litmus,
which has  been reddened by an
acid.

  Carbonates are known hy their
effervescence with an  acid ; some
of them affect the turmeric paper
Sal  ammoniac gives out the pun-
gent odour  of ammonia, when
mixed with quicklime.
  Nitrate of potassa decrepitates
and deflagrates when  thrown on
hot coals.
  Liver of sulphur emits the odour
of sulphuretted  hydrogen when
dissolved, or when  treated with
an acid.
  The  sulphates  of  soda
and magnesia are prompt
and effective antidotes  to
all the poisonous salts  of
baryta.  Phosphate of soda
will  also  counteract  their
effects.  Lime may be neu-
tralized  by  dilute   acids.
Carbonic acid, in soda-wa-
ter, effervescing draught  or
yeast, it is supposed, would
answer a  good  purpose.
The fixed oils may be em-
ployed either for baryta or
lime,  when  not in a  com-
pound state.
  Baryta and its salts invariably
give a white precipitate, insoluble
in acid, with a soluble sulphate,

  Lime, when dissolved, gives a
white preci pitate v.-i th oxalic acid.
Also  with carbonic  acid  or a
soluble carbonate.  The same of
baryta. 
POISONS           734           POISONS
		~	---------------------"i
1 Poisons.	Symptoms.	Treatment.	TBSTt.
ALCOHOL. -- Brandy. Wines, and all Spirit-uous Liquors.	Intoxication, and when aken very freely, complete nsensibility, with apo-ilexy or paralysis of one side; the countenance swol-en and of a dark-red co-our; the breathinc diffi-cult, and often stertorous. with a pectiliar puffing out ofthe lips; the breath smells of liquor, which will dis-tinguish the sy raptoms from those of spontaneous apo-plexy. 1	A powerful emetic of white vitriol,or tartar eme-tic, should be got into the stomach as soon as possi-ble ; and if the person has ost the power of swallow-ing, a flexible catheter or tube should be the means of conveying it thither. The vomiting should be encou-raged as much as possible with warm water; and large and active glysters of salt and water should be thrown up. The patient should be placed erect, and if the countenance and other ap-pearances be not improved after these means have been used, the jugular vein may be opened, and cold wet cloths applied to the head, particularly if the body be hotter than natural. If the extremities become cold. warmth and friction should be perseveringly used.	
VOLATILE OILS. Creasote. Dippel's Animal Oil. Oil of Tar. Oil of Tobacco. Oil of Turpentine. Fusel Oil.	General action, that of irritant poisons. Burning pain, vomiting, pungent taste, purging. &c. The oils of turpentine and tobacco affect the nervous system : the peculiar odour of each oil will be manifested in the matter vomited.	Creasote is immediately coagulated by albumen Dippel's animal oil may be counteracted with dilute acids and the fixed, oils. The other oils have no par-ticular antidotes, and their effects must, therefore, be counteracted upon general principles.	No better mode of recognizing thesp -Hihstancrs exist9, than that derived from tln'ir peculiar odour Dipp'-Ps oil has the pungent odour of ammonia ; creasote and oil of tar, a peculiar smell of smoke; the odour of tobacco and turpen tine are well known ; and fusel oil has a peculiar, offensive, suf-focating odour.
GASES. Carbonic Acid, or Fixed Air. Carbonic Oxide. Fumes of Burn-ing Charcoal. Chlorine. Sulphuretted Hy-drogen.	Chlorine produces, when inhaled, violent irritation of the organs of respira-tion; cough, bloody expec-toration, inflammation of the lungs, and permanent pulmonary disease. The other gases, although pro-ducing some effect on the respiratory organs, act as poisons, in consequence of their sedative agency. The symptoms, therefore, are those of apoplexy, or nar-cotic poisoning.	The antidotes to chlorine are the cautious inhalation of ammonia, or sulphuret-ted hydrogen. The inflam-matory symptoms from chlorine to be treated on general principles. For the other gases, cold affusions to the head, blood-letting, artificial respiration.	Chlorine is recognized by it> peculiar odour and bleaching pro-perties. Sulphuretted hydrogen. by its fetid smell, and the rapid blackening of lead. Carbonic acid, by its occasioning turbid-ness in lime-water placed in its atmosphere. Carbonic oxide, by the blue colour of its flame.
IODINE. Iodide of Potas-sium.	Irritant symptoms; burn-ing pain in the throat, lace-rating pain in the stomach, and fruitless efforts to vo-mit; suffusion ofthe eyes; excessive pain and tender-ness of the epigastrium.	Iodine combines with starch, and forms an insolu-ble compound The prompt administration of starch, wheat flout, or other vege-table matter containing fe-cula, beat up in water, is recommended. Iodide of potassium has no antidote. Vomitirfg should be pro-moted by draughts of warm water, and inflammation be subdued by general treat-ment.	Iodine is known by its odour, and the formation of a blue pre-cipitate, when brought in contact with a cold solution of starch Iodide of potassium gives a crys-talline precipitate, with tartaric acid in excess. The supernatant fluid will give the blue colour to starch.
METALS. Antimony. ^arlar Emetic. Chloride, or But-ter of Antimony. Oxide of Anti-mony. \	Vomiting. If vomiting do notxiociir promptly, vio-lent irritant effects are produced. Burning pain in the pit of the stomach Purging; colicky pains sense of tightness in the | throat, violent cramps; re-i peated recurrence of vomit-ing.	If vomiting have not been | produced, it should be i brought about by tickling the fauces, and adminis-tering copious draughts of warm water. Astringent infusions, such as of galls, oak bark. Peruvian bark act as antidotes, and shotilr be given promptly: pow-dered yellow bark may be used, until the infusion is prepared.	Antimony in solution is best distinguished hy the peculiar orange-red precipitate, which it forms with sulphuretted hydro-gen or solutions of the fcydrnstil-phates. Free alkalies product" white precipitates. The muriate is known hy a white precipitate. when it is poured into water In itssolidforms.it may be known by the formation of white fumes. when heated, which redden lit-mus. It may also be converted into chloride, and then precipi-tated by adding water.
 
POISONS
735
POISONS
    Poisons.


   Arsenic.

Arsenious  Acid,
or White Arsenic.

Orpiment, or Yel-
  low  Sulphuret
  of Arsenic.

 King's Yellow.

Realgar, or Red
  Sulphuret   of
  Arsenic.

  Fly Powder.

Foicler's Solution.

Arsenical  Paste.

 Arsenical Soap.

Arsenite of Cop
      per,
 Scheele's Oreen.
Symptoms.
  Violent burning pain in
the region of the stomach
and bowels;  tenderness on
pressure; retching: vomit-
ing; sense of dryness and
tightness  in  the  throat;
thirst; hoarseness and diffi-
culty of speech;  the matter
vomited,  greenish  or yel-
lowish, sometimes streaked
with blood;  diarrhoea; te-
nesmus; sometimes excori-
ation of the anus; urinary
organs occasionally affected
with violent  burning  pains
and suppression ;  convul-
sions and cramps; clammy
sweats ;  lividity of the ex-
tremities; countenance col-
lapsed ; eyes red and spar-
kling; delirium; death.
    Bismuth.

Nitrate  of Bis-
     muth.

  Pearl Powder.

Oxide of Bismuth.

    Copper.
SulphateofCopper
  Blue Vitriol.
Hcetate of Copper,
    Verdigrie.
Carbonate of Cop-
      per,
 Blue  Verditer.
Arsenite of Copper
Scheele's Orcen.
Food  cooked  in
 dirty copper ves-
 sels, or  ptckles
 made  green  by
 copper.
Treatment.
  The hydrated peroxide of
iron diffused  through  wa-
ter ; or the precipitated  car-
bonate ; or the rubigo ferri,
in very fine powder, to be
administered every five or
ten minutes, until relief is
obtained.   This is particu-
larly efficacious when  the
white arsenic has been swal-
lowed.  If the arsenic have
been  taken  in  the  form
of Fowler's Solution, lime-
water, in copious draughts,
may be given.   For either
of the other forms, emetics
of  sulphate of zinc; dilu-
ents; demulcents, such as
flaxseed  tea,  infusion of
slippery elm, Sec.  Counter-
irritants may be used to re-
lieve the spasm, and violent
pain in the stomach. Bleed-
ing, as promoting  absorp-
tion, should  not  be  em-
ployed until the stomach is
completely evacuated.
  Similar to those produced
from other irritant poisons.
General  inflammation  of
the whole alimentary canal;
suppression  of urine;  hic-
cough, disagreeable metal-
lic taste; vomiting; cramps;
delirium: death.

  Very similar to those pro- ]
duced by arsenic.   Coppery
eructations and taste.  Fa-
tal cases are generally ter-
minated  by  convulsions,
palsy, insensibility.
  Milk, and sweet mucila-
ginous  drinks  a/e  recom-
mended.  Leeches, general
bleeding;  glysters;  fomen-
tations  to be employed on
the general  principles of
treatment for inflammatory
symptoms.

  Albumen tn be adminis-
tered in either of its forms
which can be most  readily
obtained, as milk or whites
of eggs.  Vinegar  should
not be given. The inflam-
matory symptoms are to be
treated  on general  princi-
ples, and so of the nervous.
Tests,
  If the suspected substance can
be obtained  free  from  organic
matter,  the  presence of arsenic
may readily  be shown by boiling
it in distilled water, filtering, and
testing with, 1st.   Ammoniaco-
sulphate  of  copper.  2d. Ammo-
niaco-nilrate of silver.   (Hume's
Test)  3d. Sulphuretted hydrogen'
gas The first w ill produce a green
precipitate;  second, a pale yellov>\
precipitate; third, a bright yellow'
precipitate,  if arsenic be  present.)
A portion of the powder, or one of
these  precipitates, carefully and
thoroughly  dried, is then to  be
mixed with charcoal and exsic-
cated  carbonate  of  soda, to  be
placed in a small glass tube, closed
at one end, and then to be heateil
to a red heat in the flame  of a
lamp.   The arsenic will be re-
duced, and sublime in the upper
part of the  tube, forming a  dark
crust, having considerable lustre
on  its  exterior surface, resem-
bling  polished steel.   By gently
heating this crust in  a very small
flame, crystals of white arsenic
will be  formed,  having a  high
adamantine lustre.
  If organic matter be present, it
must  be  entirely destroyed,  by
beating the  substance with nitro-
muriatic acid. After this  has been
done,  and a  clear, transparent so-
lution in distilled water has  been
obtained, the subsequent process
is as above indicated. If arsenious
acid be submitted to the action
of nascent hydrogen, it  is deox-
idized, and  the metallic  arsenic,
thereby obtained, combining with
hydrogen, forms arsenurftted hy-
drogen gas.  (Marsh's Test.)
  Add to a  suspected solution  a
few drops of pure  chlorohydric
acid, and place in it a slip of bright
copper;  no  change  occurs  until
the liquid is brought to the boiling
point, when, if arsenic be present,
even in small quantity, the copppr
acquires  an iron-gray  coating,
from  the deposit of that metal.
Remove the slip of copper; wash
it in water, dry it and gradually
heat it in a  reduction tube, when
arsenious acid will  be  sublimed
in  minute  octohedral   crystals.
The test succeeds with powdered
arsenic,thearsenites, arsenic acid,
the arseniatcs, and orpiment.  It
will even   separate the arsenic
from arsenite of copper, and  from
common lead-shot. Reinsch'sTest.

  Bismuth is known by the forma-
tion of a white precipitate, when
its  solution  in  nitric  acid   is
poured  into water;  and by the
formation of a black precipitate
with  sulphuretted hydrogen gas,
and hydrosulphates in solution.
  The presence of copper is rea-
dily  shown  in  solutions.   By
ammonia a beautiful bluish preci-
pitate  is  thrown  down, which
dissolves in an  excess of the pre-
cipitant, and the solution has  a
rich  blue  colour.  A bright  iron
bar, introduced  into solutions of
copper,  c-'-neimis the separation
of the copper, in a metallic form,
which  deposits  itself  upon  the
iron. 
POISONS
736
POISONS
Poisons.
     Gold.         Very analogous to those
                 of other  irritant poisons.
Chleride of Oold.  This substance  conimuni-
      ----      |cates a pink stain  to the
  Fulminating   . flesh, and patches of that
     Gold.      I colour may be found about
                 the lips,  and  inside  the
                 mouth.

     Iron.      |   Svmptomsof irritant poi-
                 soning;  colic pains, con-
Sulphate of Iron,  slant Vomiting and purging.
    Copperas,    l Violent pain in the throat,
  Oreen Vitriol.  | tension of the epigastrium,
      ----      'coldness  of the  skin, and
Chloride of Iron. ■ feebleness of the pulse.
     Lead-
 Acetate of Lead,
 Sugar of Lead.
Carbonate of Lead.
   It'Aite Lead.
Red Oiide. or Red
     Lead.
   Litharge.

Wince  sweetened
    by  Lead.
Water  which has
  been   kept   in
  Leaden vessels.
Acid food, cooked,
  or left standing
 in vessels glazed
 with Lead.

   Mercury.
Corrosive   Subli-
     mate.

Cyanide of Mer-
     cury.

Nitrate of Mer-
     cury.

WhilePrecipitate.

Red Oxide, or Red
   Precipitate.

Sulphate, or Tur
  bith Mineral.

Vermilion,or Red
   Sulphuret.
    Silver.
Nitrate of Silver,
  or Lunar Caus-
  tic.
      Tin.
 Chloride of Tin.
Solution of  Tin,
 used by Dyers.
Oxide of Tin, or
 Putty Powder.
     Zinc

Sulphate of Zinc,
  White Vitriol.

 Acetate of Zinc.
  Irritation of the alimen-
tary canal; spasm; nervous
symptoms; paralysis, either
partial or complete. When
taken  for  some  time, in
small quantity, violent and
obstinate colic; rigidity of
abdominal muscles,cramps;
remission   of pain ; obsti-
nate constipation, urine di-
minished, saliva increased ;
countenance  anxious  and
gloomy.   If  relief be not
promptly  obtained,  giddi
ness. debility, torpor, coma
convulsions and death. The
paralysis  affects  generally
the upper extremities.

  Violent symptoms of irri
tant poisoning; harsh me
tallicastringent taste; burn
ing pain in  the  stomach;
vomiting  and purging fre
quently of bloody matter;
often irritation of the uri-
nary organs, and sometimes
suppression ;  tightness and
hurnine in the throat, occa-
sionally so greart  as to pre-
vent  speech;  countenance
not always pale,  but some-
times flushed;  tendency to
doze;  stupor,  convulsions
and death.
  The  salts of gold are de-
composed by sulphate^>f
iron ;  and  this  has, there-
fore, been recommended as
an antidote. Inflammatory
symptoms to be treated on
general principles.
  Carbonate of soda would
be a  most excellent anti-
dote  to  either  of  these
substances.   Mucilaginous
drinks might  also  be em-
ployed; and particular symp-
toms  relieved  by  general
treatment.

  Sulphate of magnesia and
phosphate of Soda are both
good antidotes for the solu-
ble salts of lead.  For the
solid forms, dilute sulphuric
acid may be drunk.   These
are applicable to the irri-
tant forms of poisoning by
lead.   In  the chronic form,
or colica pictonum, purga-
tives  and anodynes  are re-
sorted to; venesection ; and
external applications to re-
lieve  the cramps. The use
of strychnia isrecommended
for the paralysis.
  Those  of other irritant
poisons.
  Albumen, in some form,
must be promptly adminis-
tered ; either white of eggs
beaten up with water, milk,
or wheat flour beaten up.
The  inflammatory  symp-
toms to be  counteracted by
the usual  means.  Gold,
finely mixed in dust, with
fine iron  filings. (?)
  Chloride of gold is very readily
decomposed, and the gold sepa-
rated in a metallic state.  Proto-
sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver
and  protochloriile of tin.  all an-
swer this  purpose.   The precipi-
tated powder will be found insolu-
ble, except in nitro-muriatic acid.

  Iron is  recognised by a bluish-
black precipitate, with tincture
of galls; rich blue, with prussiate
of  potassa; and  a  greenish or
reddish precipitate, with the free
alkalies or their carbonates.
  Soluble  salts of lead  yield  a
white precipitate with sulphates
and carbonates in solution. Salts
of chromic acid and iodide of po-
tassium occasion a yellow preci-
pitate.  Sulphuretted  hydrogen.
a black  precipitate.  If solid, the
lead may  be  converted  into  a
state of solution by nitric  acid,
and the dilute solution be tested
as above.
  Chloride of  sodium, or
common salt, immediately
decomposes this substance,
and  destroys  its  activity.
Antiphlogistic treatment is
to be employed for the in-
flammatory symptoms.
                                                       The free alkalies differ in their
                                                     precipitates from solutions of mer-
                                                     cury.  Potassa gives, with corro-
                                                     sive sublimate, a yellowish one;
                                                     ammonia, a white; lime-water, an
                                                     orange; and sulphuretted hydro-
                                                     gen, a black.  If a drop ofthe so-
                                                     lution  be placed  on  a  piece  of
                                                     gold, and touched with a knife or
                                                     key, the mercury  will be  reduced, I
                                                     which amalgamates with the gold,|
                                                     producing a white spot.   The ni-.
                                                     trate  of mercury gives  a black
                                                     precipitate with the free alkalies
                                                     All the solid forms of mercury are
                                                     volatile, and  may be reduced  by
                                                     heating them in a glass tube with
                                                     charcoal  and  carbonate of soda,
                                                     when the metallic mercury will
                                                     sublime, and may be collected in
                                                     a globule.

                                                       Nitrate of silver is distinguished
                                                     by the formation  of  a while pie-
                                                     cipitate, insoluble in  nitric acid,
                                                     with chloride of  sodium ; a gray
                                                     precipitate with ammonia, which
                                                     is redissolved in an excess of am-
                                                     monia; yellow precipitate with
                                                     phosphate of soda.  The precipi-
                                                     tate of chloride  of silver, obtained
                                                     by adding muriate of soda to the
                                                     nitrate  of  silver, is readily  re-
                                                     duced, and the  metallic silver ob-
                                                     tained, by mixing it with dilute
                                                     sulphuric acid and granulated zinc.

  The same as those from   Milk to be given copious-   The chloride  precipitates vege-
other irritant  poisons, and ly,   and   the  subsequent table colouring  matter; also albu-
a peculiar tanned appear- treatment  to  be  regulated i men and gelatin.  The whiteoxide
ance of the villous coat of l by the symptoms
the stomach,
  Violent vomiting; astrin-   The vomiting may be re-
gent taste, burning pain in Iieved by copious draughts
the stomach;  pale counte- of warm water.  Carbonate
nance;  cold  extremities; of soda, administered in so-
dull eyes; fluttering pulse, lution, will decompose the
Death  seldom  ensues, in sulphate of zinc.   Milk and
consequence of the emetic albumen also am as anti-
effects.                    | dotes.  General  principles
       .                   to be observed in the subse-
                          quent treatment.
is precipitated from its solution hy
free alkalies; with  sulphuretted
hydrogen gas. a brown precipitate.

  A white precipitate is thrown
dovvn by the free alkalies  from
the soluble  salts of zinc, which
becomes yellow  when strongly
heated—recovering its white co-
lour  on cooling.  Sulphuretted
hydrogen occasions a  white pre
cipitate. 
POISONS
737
POISONS
Poisons.
PHOSPHORUS.
GLASS or ENA-
     MEL.
Symptoms.
  Symptoms of irritant poi-
soning ; pain in the stomach
and bowels; vomiting, diar-
rhrea, tenderness  and ten-
sion of the abdomen.
  If taken in very coarse
powder, it produces irrita-
tion and inflammation of
the bowels.
  An  emetic to be prompt-
ly  administered;  copious
draughts containing mag-
nesia  in suspension; muci-
laginous drinks;  general
treatment for inflammatory
symptoms.
  Large quantities of crumb
of bread should be eaten, to
envelop  the  particles. (?)
An emetic of sulphate of
zinc should then be given,
and vomiting be promoted
by demulcent drinks.
  Phosphorus  is  known by  its
ready inflammability, luminous-
ness at  ordinary  temperatures,
and alliaceous odour.
II.  ORGANIC   POISONS.
   I. VEGETABLE  POISONS.
Irritant Poisons.
 Anemone Pulsatilla.   Wind Flower.
 Arum maculatum. Wake Robin.
 Bryonia dioica.   Bryony.
 Calailiuui seguinium.   Dumbcane.
 Calla palustris.   Water Arum.
 Caltha palustris.  Marsh Marigold.
 Clii'lidoiiitim majus.   Celandine.
 Clematis vitalba.  Virgin Bower.
 Con vol villus 70 topa.   Jalap.
 Convolvulus scammonia.  Scammony.
 Croton tiglium.   Purging Croton.
 Cucumis colocynthis.   Colocynth.
 Cyclamen Europieum.  Sow Bread.
 Daphne gnidium.  Spurge Flax.
 Daphne mezereum.  Mezercon.
 Delphi ilium staphisagria.  Stavesacre.
 Dioira palustris  Swamp leather-wood.
 Kqiiisetum hyemale.   Scourgrass.
 Euphorbia  officinarum.   Eiiphorbium.
  Spurge.
 Gr;iliola officinalis.  Hedge Hyssop.
 Hippomane mancinella. Manchineel.
 Hura crepitans   Sand Box.
 Hydrncotylern/jrari*.  Marsh Pennywort.
 .Jatropha'curcas, Indian Nut.
 Jatropha manihot. Cassada.
 Juniperus sabina.  Savin (oil of):
 Jmjipenis Virginiana.  BedCedar (oil of.)
 Womonlica  elaterium.  Squirting Cu-
  cumber.
 Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. Daffodil.
 Pastinax satira.  Common Parsnep.
 Pedicnlaris pu/usSris.  Marsh Lousewort.
 Phytolacca derandrn.   Poke.
 Piper cubeba.  Cubebs.
 Plumbago Europaa.   Toothwort.
 Ranunculus  acris,  and  other species.
  Crowfoot.
 Rhododendron chrysanthemum. Oleander.
 Ricinus communis.  Castor Oil Plant.
 Sambucus ebulus.  Elder.
 S»dum acre.   Stone Crop.
 Stalagiuitis cambogioides.  Gamboge.
 Tanaeetum vulgare.   Tansy (oil of.)

         ACRO-NARCOT1C.
 .Tthusa  cynapium.    Common   Fool's
  Parsley.
 Aconituin napellus. Monkshood.
 \garicus. five  species.  Mushrooms (poi-
  sonous).
 Vmanita muscaria. Truffles (poisonous).
 \nagallis arnensis.  Meadow Pimpernel.
 A mia Qomesii.
 A pi icy nu m androstrmifolium.  Dogsbane.
 \ristolochia clematitis.  Birthwort.
 \rriira montana.  Leopard's bane.
 Asi-lepias Syriaca. Swallowwort.
 \tropa belladonna. Deadly Night Shade.
 ■Em.uIus Oltioensis.  Buckeye.
 Brucea antidysenterica.  False Angus-
  tura Bark.
Cerbera. three species.  Cerbera.
Chwiophyllum sylvestre.  Bastard Hem-
  lock.   -                     _______
Symptoms.
  The general effects of this
class of vegetable poisons
are ; — an  acrid  pungent
taste, with more or less of
bitterness,  excessive heat,
great dryness of the mouth
and throat, with  sense of
tightness there ; violent vo-
mitiiiL',  the elt'orts  being
continued even  after  the
stomach is emptied; purg-
ing, \\ ith great ^jain in the
stomach and bow els ; pulse
strong, frequent, and regu-
lar; breathing often quick
and difficult; appearances
of intoxication; the pupil of
the eye frequently dilated,
insensibility    resembling
death; the pulse becomes
slow and loses its force, and
death closes the scene.
  If  applied   externally
many of them produce vio-
lent  inflammation  of the
skin,  with vesications or
eruptions of pustules.
Treatment.
  If vomiting have been occasioned by
the poison, and the efforts are still con-
tinued, they may be rendered easier by
large draughts of warm water, or thin
gruel; but if symptoms of insensibility
have come  on  without vomiting, it
ousht to be immediately excited by the
sulphate of zinc, or some other  active
emetic substance, and after its  opera-
tion a sharp purgative should be given
After as much as possible ofthe poison
is got rid of, a very strong infusion  of
coffee, or vinegar  diluted with water,
may be  given with advantage.  Cam-
phor mixture with ether may be taken
frequently, and  if insensibility be con-
siderable,  warmth, frictions, and blis-
ters, may  be employed.  If inflamma-
tion or  other dangerous consequences
have been  induced,  they are  to  be
treated upon general principles.
  The fruit of Feuillea Cordifolia has
been recommended as a powerful an-
tidote against vegetable poisons;  it
is to be used in as recent a  state  as
possible. (?)
  N. B.  Bromine, chlorine, and iodine
are said to  be  antidotes to the alka-
loids generally.
47 
POISONS
738
POISONS
Irritant Poisons.
Symptoms.
Chmiloti.-i toricana.  Rathane.
Chenopodium murale.  Wormseed.
Cicuta maculata.  American Hemlock.
Cicuta viro*a.  Water Hemlock.
Cissus.   Cissns.
Cocculus Indicus.  Fish berries.
Colchicum autumnale.  Meadow saffron.
Conium maculatum.   Hemlock.
Coriaria myrttfolia.   Myrtle-leaved Su-
  mach.
Curare.  Indian War Poison.
Cynanchum erectum.   Cynanchum.
C\tisus laburnum.  Laburnum.
 Datura stramonium.   Thorn Apple. •
 Disitalis purpurea.  Foxglove.
 Enrnt.  See Seca/e.
 Ervum ervilia.  Bitter Vetch.
Gaultheria  procumbena.   VVintergreen
  (oil of).
 Hamianthus toxicarius.
 Helleborus niger.  Black Hellebore.
 Hvpnphylluiu  sanguinaria.   PaJdock
  Stool.
 Ipecacuanha.  Ipecacuanha.
 Lathyrus cicera.  Lathyrus.
 Laurus camphora.  Camphor.
 Lobelia infiata,  Indian Tobacco.
 Lolium temulentum.   Darnel.
 Melia azeilernch.  Pride of China.
 Mercurialis perennis.   Mountain Mer-
1  cury.
 N' rum oleander.  Common Oleander.
[ Nicotiana tabacum.  Tobacco.
CFnanthe crocata.  Hemlock Dro|Twort.
| Passiflora quadrangularis.  Barbadine.
i Fiscidia erythrina.  Jamaica Dogwood.
j Polygala venenosa (of Java).
i Rhus radicans.  Poison Vine.
JKhns toxicodendron.  Poison oak, or Su-
!  mach.
IRohinia jiseudoacacia.  Locust Tree.
' Ruta grareolens.  Rue.
i Sanguinaria Canadensis.   Blood Root.
i Scilla maritima.   Squill.   Sea Onion.
 Serale cornntum.  Ergot.   Spurred Rye.
 Sium  latifolium.   Procumbent Water
  Parsnep.
' Spieelia Marilandica.  Pink Root.
(Strychnos Ignatii.  St. Iznatius's Bean.
i Strychnos nux romica.  Nux vomica.
 P. mploparpus/Vrrii/a.  Skunk  Cabbage.
 Tirunas.  Extract of various plants —
  South  America.
 Tieute.   Upas Tieuti.  Tree of Java.
 Triticum Hybemum. Wheat  (diseased.)
 fTpas miliar.   Tree in Java.
 Veratrum album.  While  Hellebore.
 Veratrfim viride. American  Hellebore.
 Woorara.  War Poison of Guiana.
 Zea mays.  Maize (diseased).

             NARCOTIC.
 Actsea spicata.  Baneberry.
 Amygdalus communie.  Bitter Almond,
 Amyedalus Persiea.  Peach.
 Oelsemirrum nitidum. Yellow Jessamine.
 Helonias erythrosperma.   Fly Poison.
 Hyoscyamus albus.  White Henbane.
 IFvoscyamus niger.   Black Henbane.
 Kalmia latifolia.  Mountain Ivy.
 Lactuca vimsa.  Strong-scented Lettuce.
 Opium, and its proximate  principles.
 Papaver somniferum.  Poppy.
 Paris quadrifolia. Herb Paris.
 Prunus Carolinian'n.  Wild Orange.
 Prunii9 lauro-cerasus.  Cherry Laurel.
IPrunus nigra.  Black Cherry.
 Prunus padus.  Cluster Cherry.
 [Prunus Virginiana.   Wild Cherry.
/Solanum dulcamara.  Bitter-sweet.
 Sorbus acuparia.  Mountain Ash.
 Taxus baccata. Yew.
    POISONOUS  MUSHROOMS.
Agaricus muscarine.  Fly Agaric.
Agaricus piperatus.  Pepper Agarie.
Agaricus necator.   Deadly Agaric.
Agaricus bulbosus.  Bulbous Agaric.
Agaricus chantarellus.  Champignon.
The   narcotic   vegetable
poisons, if taken into the
stomach  or applied  to  a
wound, occasion the follow-
ing effects :—stupor; numb-
ness; heaviness in the head;
desire  to  vomit,  slight at
first, but afterwards insup-
portable;  a sort of intoxi-
cation, stupid air, pupil of
the eye dilated; furious or
lively delirium, sometimes
pain;  convulsions of dif-
ferent parts ofthe body, or
pulsy of  the limbs.   The
pulse is  variable, but  at
first  generally  strong  and
full;  the breathing is quick,
and there  is great anxiety
and dejection, which, if not
speed iiy.Relieved, soon ends
in death.
  Nausea, heat, and  pain
in the stomach and bowels,
with vomiting and purging,
thirst;  convulsions,  and
faintinss; pulse small and
Treatment.
  The stomach to be effectnally evacu-
ated by giving  four or five grains of
tartar  emetic, or from ten to twenty
of the sulphate of zinc, repeated every
quarter of an hour, till the full effect is
produced. These means may be assisted
by tickling the throat  with  a feather or
the finger.   Large and strong glysters
of soap dissolved in water, or of salt
and gruel, should be speedily adminis-
tered, to clear the bowel", and assist in
getting rid of the poison;  and active
purgatives may be given after the vo-
miting has ceased.   When  as much as
possible  of the poison  has been ex-
pelled,  the  patieut  may drink, alter-
nately, a tea-cupful  of strong hot  infu-
sion of coffee, and vinegar diluted  with
water.   If the  drowsiness, which is
sometimes  extreme, and the  insensi-
bility bordering on apoplexy,  be not
remedied by these means, blood may be
taken from the jugular  vein, blisters
may be applied to the neck and  legs,(
and the attention be roused by every
means possible.  If the heat declines,
warmth  and frictions must be perse-
veringly used.  Vegetable acids are on
no account to be given before  the  poi-
son is expelled, and it is desirable that
but little fluid of any kind should be
administered.
  N. B. Bromine, chlorine, and iodine
are said to be antidotes to the alkaloids
generally.
  The stomach and bowels to 1m» cleared
by an emetic of tartarized antimony.
followed by frequent doses of Glauber's
or Epsom salt, and laree, stimulating
glysters. After the poison is evacuated
frequent; delirium ; dilated I ether may be administered, with gmal 
POISONS           739           POISONS
Poisons.	Symptoms.	Treatment.
	pupil, and stupor; cold sweats, and death. Poisonous mushrooms may be distinguished from the edible by their botanical characters, and by the fol-lowing criteria. The for-mer grow in wet, shady places, have a nauseous odour; are softer, more open, and porous; have a dirty-looking surface, some-times a gaudy colour, or many very distinct hues, particularly if they have been coveied with an enve-lope ; they have soft, bul-bous stalks, grow rapidly, and corrupt very quickly.	quantities of brandy and water; but if inflammatory symptoms manifest themselves, such stimuli should be omitted, and other appropriate means be had recourse to.
2. ANIMAL  POISONS.
	Symptoms.	Treatment.
POISONOUS FISH. Balistes monoceros. Old wife. Cancer astacus. Crawfish. Canrer ruricolus. Land Crab. Clitpea thryssa. Yellow-hi lied Sprat. Coracitius/i/trus major. Gray Snapper. Coracinus minor. Hyne. Coryplrena splendens. Dolphin. Mormyra. Blue Parrot Fish. Murama major. Conger Eel. Mytilus edulis. Mussel. OslriicionglobeUum. SmoothBottleFish. Pcrca major. Barracuda. Perca venenosa. Grooper. Perca venenata. Rock Fish. Physalia. Portuguese Man of War. Scomber carulcus. Spanish Mackerel. Scomber maximus. King Fish. Scomber thynnus. Bonetta. Spams chrysofs. Porgee. Tetrodon sceleratus. Tunny. Tetrodou ocellatus. Blower.	In an hour or two, or often in a much shorter time, after the fish has been eaten, a weight at the stomach comes on, with frligfu vertigo and headache, sense of heat about the head and eyes, considerable thirst, and often an erup-tion of the skin (urticaria), and in many cases death.	An emetic should be speedily adminis-tered, or, in the absence of it, vomiting may be excited, by tickling the throal with the finger, and taking large draughts of warm water. After full vo-miting, an active' purgative should be given, to remove any of the noxious matter that may have found its way into th£ intestines. Vinegar and water may be drunk after the above remedies have operated, and the body may be sponged with the same. Water, made very sweet with sugar, to which ether may he added, may be drunk freely as a corrective, and a very weak solution of alkali has been recommended to obviate the effects of the poison. If spasm ensue; after evacuations, laudanum, in considerable doses, is necessary. If in-flammation should occur, the usual means of removing it must be employed.
POISONOUS SERPENTS. Boa crotaloidcs. Copperhead. Cenchris mockeson. Mockeson. Cerastes nasicornie. Horned Viper of Western Africa. Coluber berus. Viper. Coluber prester. Black Viper. Crotalus, (5 species ) Rattle Snake Scytale piscivorus. Water Viper.	A sharp pain in the wounded part, which soon extends over the limb or body; great swelling, at first hard and pale, then reddish, livid, and gangre-nous in appearance; faint-incs, vomitings, convul-sions, and sometimes jaun-dice; pulse small, frequent, and irregular; breathing difficult, cold sweats, the sight fails, and the intel-lectual faculties are de-ranged. Inflammation,and often extensive suppura-tion and gangrene, followed by death.	A cupping-glass to be applied over the wound, or a moderately tight ligature above the bites, and the wound left to bleed after being well washed with warm water; the actual cautery, lunar caustic, or butter of antimony, to be then applied freely to it, and afterwards covered with lint, dipped in equal parts of olive oil and spirit of hartshorn. The ligature to he removed if the inflammation be^consi-derable. Warm, diluting drinks, and small doses of ammonia or hartshorn, to cause perspiration ; the patient to be well covered in bed,and a little warm wine given occasionally. Ifgangrene be threat-ened, wine may he given more freely, and the bark should be had recourse to. Arse-nic, the principal ingredient in the Tan-jore Pill, has been strongly recommended.
CANTHARIS VESICATOR1A. Spanish, or Blistering Fly. Lylta vittata. Potato Fly.	Nauseous odour of the breath; acrid taste; burn-ing heal in the throat, sto-mach, and abdomen; fre-quent vomitings, often bloody, with copious bloody stools; excruciatine pain in the stomach; painful and obstinate priapism, with heat in the bladder, and strangury or retention of urine; frightful convul-sions, delirium and death.	Vomiting to be excited by drinking sweet oil. sugar and water, milk, or lin-seed tea, very freely. Emollient glys-ters should be administered, and if symptoms of inflammation of the sto-mach, kidney, or bladder supervene, they must be subdued by appropriate treatment. Camphor dissolved in oil may be rubbed over the belly and the thighs. *
VENOMOUS INSECTS Tarnntuld. Scorpio. Scorpion. Vespa r.rahro. Hornet. Vespa rulgaris. Wasp. Apis mellifica. Bee. Culex pipiens. Gnat. fEstrus bovis. Gad-fly.	In general, the sting of these insects occasions only a slieht degiee of pain and swelling; but occasionally the symptoms are more vio-lent, and sickness and fever are produced by the inten- j sity .of the pain.	Hartshorn and oil may be rubbed on the affected part, and a piece of rag, moistened in the same, or in salt and water, may be kept upon it till the pain is removed. A few drops of hartshorn may be given frequently in a lit'.le water, and a glass or two of wine may be taken. The sting may, in general, be removed by makinc strong pressure a>-;,iind it with the barrel of a small watch-t'ey.
 
POISON
740
POLIOSIS
tALIVA OF THE RABID DOG.
Symptoms.
  At an uncertain interval
after the bite, generally,
however,   between   the
twentieth day and three or
four months, pain or unea-
siness occurs in the bitten
part, though  the  wound
may have been long healed.
Anxiety,  uneasiness,  lan-
guor, spasms, horror, dis-
turbed sleep, difficult respi-
ration  succeed, and  are
soon very much increased ;
violent convulsions affect
the whole body, hideously-
distorting the muscles of
the face; the eyes are red
and protruded, the tongue
swells and often hangs out,
and viscid saliva flows from
the mouth; there is pain  in
the stomach, with  bilious
vomitings.a horror of fluids,
and impossibility of drink-
ing them.  All these symp-
toms are aggravated till the
sufferer is relieved by death.
            Treatment.


  Hydrophobia is more easily prevented
than cured; indeed, it is d'ubted whe-
ther it ever has been cureu.  Mercury,
arsenic, opjutn,  musk, camphor,  acids,
wine, vegetable  and  mineral alkali, oil,
various herbs, and many other  reme-
dies whose effects are  quite opposite,
have been employed, but none can be
relied  on.   Large  blood-lettings,  the
warm and cold  bath, and almost  every
other remedial  agent, have  been  tried
without success
  The bitten part should be  completely
rut out, even after it has healed, if the
symptoms have  not  yet come  on ; the
part should then be  immersed in  warm
water, or be washed with it as long as it
will bleed,  and, after the  most  perse-
vering ablution, caustic should be ap-
plied  to every part of the surface, and
then the wound  covered  with a poultice,
and suffered to heal by granulation.
  No milder discipline can ensure safety.
  The most energetic poisons are used therapeu-
tically,  and often  with considerable  advantage.
They have, of course, to be administered in ex-
tremely  small  doses,  to  avoid producing poi-
soning.
  Poison, Arrow, gee Arrow poison — p.  Berry
tree, Melia azedarach — p. Hemlock, Conium.
  Poison, Italian, Liquor arsenicalis — p. Mor-
bid, Virus.
  Poison Oak,  Rhux toxicodendron — p. Root,
Cicuta maculata.
  Poison, Sausage,  Allantotoxicum—p.  Vege-
table, Upas.
  Poisov Vine, Rhus radicans.
  POISONING, Venefic"ium, Toxica'tio, Intoxi-
.n'tio, Entoxie'mue,  Entoxicie'mue, Pharmacei'a,
Hnlefii-"ium, Venena'tion,  (F.) Empoieonnement,
Intoxication.  The art of applying a poisonous
pubstance to any of the textures in a dose capa-
ble of occasioning more  or less  serious symp-
toms.  Rigorously speaking, therefore, if a phy-
sician, in treating  any case, employs a deleterious
medicine in a small dose, which, owing to  parti-
cular circumstances, produces unpleasant  symp-
toms, he may  be said to have  poisoned.  The
term  is, however,  generally restricted to poison-
ing by design.
  Poieoning has also been used, by a few, to de-
note  the series of symptoms  resembling those
produced by certain poisons, which occasionally
follow the use  of  substances that  are  generally
innoxious.. Overloading the stomach with indi-
gestible  food, has, for example, given occasion to
symptoms resembling those produced by a nar-
cotic poison, and the effect has been termed poi-
soning.
   Secret poisoning was, at one  time, practised as
an art.   It consisted in administering medicines,
which should act  as elow poieone, and gradually
undermine the strength and life.   Its agency was
far from being so extensive at was imagined.
   POI'SONOUS, Tox'ical, Nox'iue, (F.) Toxigue,
 VenSneux.  Having the qualities of a poison.
   POISONS, ACRO-NARCOTIC, P. narcotico-
acrid — p. Corrosive, P. acrid — p.  Escharotic, P.
acrid—p. Irritating, P. acrid—p.  Putrescent, P.
septic.   See Poison.
   POITRINAIRE, Phthisicus.
   POITRINE, Thorax.
   POIVRE D'EAU. Polygonum hydropiper —
p. de Guinee, Capsicum annuum—p. d'lnde, Cap-
sicum annuum —p. de Jamaique, see Myrtus pi-
menta—p.  l^ong.  Piper longum—p. de Maine,
Vitex—p. Noir,  Piper nigrum—p. Petit, Vitex—
p. d Queue,  Piper  cubeba—p.  Sauvage, Vitex.
  POIX  BLANCHE,  see  Pinus  abies — p. de
Bourgogne, see Pinus abies—p. Graeee,  see Pinus
abies—p. Janng,  see Pinus  abies—p.  Liquide,
see Pinus sylvestris—p. Minerale, Pissasphaltum
—p. MinSrale ecoriacee, Asphaltum—p. Navale,
see Pinus sylvestris—p. Noire, see  Pinus sylves-
tris.
  POKE, Phytolacca decandra— p. Indian, Ve-
ratrum viride—p. Stink, Dracontium fcetidum—
p. Weed, Phytolacca decandra, Veratrum viride.
  POLANIS'IA GRA'VEOLENS, Clammy weed,
Stinkweed,  Wormweed, Clammy Mustard, Falee
muetard, from troXvs,' many,' and avioog, 'unequal,'
in reference  to its stamens.  An indigenous plant,
Ord. Capparidaceae, Sex. Syet.  Dodecandria  Mo-
nogynia, which blossoms in summer, and is found
in every part of North America.   To the whole
plant have been ascribed anthelmintic properties.
   POLAR PLANT, Silphium laciniatum.
   POLECAT WEED, Dracontium foetidum.
   POLEMO'NIUM  REPTANS,  Falee Jacob's
Ladder,  Greek  Vale'rian,  Sweat-root.   Order,
Polemoniaceae;  indigenous,  flowering in May;
has  been used as a diaphoretic and expectorant.
   POLENTA, Alphiton.
   POLES, Chalazse.
   POLEY MOUNTAIN, OF CANDY, Teucrium
Creticum—p. Mountain of Montpelier, Teucrium
capitatum.
   POLIA'TER, from iroXtc, 'a town,' and largos,
'a physician.'   A physician exercising his  pro-
fession in a  town, by the appointment of the go-
vernment.— Castelli.
   POLICE', MED'ICAL, Politi'a med'ica, Poli-
tobiotherapi'a, Medici'na polit'ica,  Ordo medic"i-
na'lie, Polit'ical med'icine, (F.) Police mSdicale
ou eanitaire.   Hygienic  rules  established,  or
which ought to  be established, for the prevention
of disease, and  to contribute to the progress  of
medicine.   The salubrity of districts,  especially
during  the  existence  of  spreading  disease,   is
greatly ensured by an efficient medical police.
   POLICLIN'ICA,  from jroAiy,  'a town,' and
eXtvn, 'a bed.'   Treatment of diseases in a town.
   POLIO'SIS, Tricho'eie polio'eie, Spilo'eie poli- 
POLIOTES               741               POLYGALA
o'sie,  Pol'iotee, Ginit"iea,  from troMOi, ' hoary,
gray.'  Hair  prematurely gray  or  hoary.  The
state  of becoming gray, gray-haired,  Poliot'ri-
choe.
  POLIOTES, Poliosis.
  POLIOTRICHOS, see Poliosis.
  POLITIA  MEDICA, Police, medical.
  POLITOBIOTHERAPIA, Police, medical.
  POLIUM CAPITATUM, Teucrium capitatum
— j>. Creticum, Teucrium Creticum — p.  Monta-
num,  Teucrium capitatum.
  POLL, Head.
  POLLEN,  (L.)  Pollen,  Pollie, naXn,  'dust'
Tho fecundating dust contained in the anthers of
flowers, which is dispersed  on the stigma.  It is
conveyed to the ovary through the stigma by the
Pollen tube,  Tubue pollin'icue, (F.) Boyau pol-
linique.
  POLLEX, genitive Pol'licia, An'ticheir, Prom'-
antte,  Dig"itite primue  seu  magnue,  Alltie pollex,
Thumb, (Prov.) Thame, Tom-toe, from pollere, 'to
have  much strength.'  (F.) Pouce.  The first of
the fingers in size and strength.  It  is asserted
that the term poltroon is derived from  pol'lice
trunca'to; — the Romans who were desirous  of
being exempted from military service  being ac-
customed to cut  off the thumb, and thus render
themselves unfit to handle arms.
  Pollex, see Digitus.
  Pollex Pedis, Hallue, Hallux.  The great toe.
  POLLINC'TOR, Pollinc'ter, (L.)  In antiquity,
an anointer, dresser,  or embalmer of the dead.
  POLLINCTURA,  Embalming..
  POLLIS, Pollen.
  POLLOCK, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
  POLLOD'IC, Pollod'icM;  from iroXvc, 'many,'
and 'oios, 'a way.'  An epithet proposed by Dr.
Marshall Hall for a course of nervous action pro-
ceeding from  one  point, in many directions,  to
every other.
  POLLOM, LITTLE, Polygala paucifolia.
  POLLU'TION, Polltt'tio,  from polluo, pollu-
tttm, 'to profane.'  The excretion of the seminal
liquor or sperm, or the production or  orgasm  in
male or female, at other times than during coition.
When occasioned by a voluntary act,  it is called
simply Pollution or Masturbation, (F.) Sottillurej
when excited during sleep, by lascivious dreams,
it takes the name Nocturnal pollution, Exoneiro'-
sie, Oneirog'moe, Oneirog'onos, Oneirogonorrhoe'a,
Exoneirog'mtte, Spermatoclem'ma, Spermatoclep'-
sis, Spermatolep'sis,  Spermatolip'sis, Gonorrhoea
dormien'tium seu oneirog'onos seu vera seu libidi-
no'sa, Proflu'vium eem'inie, Spennntorrhtx'u, Pa-
ronir'ia ealax, Night pollution,  (F.)  Pollution in-
volontaire.
  POLLUTION INVOLONTAIRE, Pollution
—p. Nocturnal, Pollution—p. Self, Masturbation
—p. Voluntary,  Masturbation.
  POLONYCH'IA,  Polyonych'ia,  from  troXvs,
'many,' and ow!;, ow^oc, 'a nail.' The condition
of having supernumerary nails,—a  rare congeni-
tal monstrosity.,
  POLT-FOOT, see  Kyllosis.
  POLY, Poli/a, iroXvc, ' many, much, full.' nence:
  POLYACTIUM TRISTE, Pelargonium triste.
  POLYiEMIA, Plethora.
  POLY.EMIC, Plethoric.
  POLY^EMICUS, Plethoric.
  POLYANH^MIA, Anaemia.
  POL YAN HEM IE, Anaemia.
  POLYANTH'ES  TUBERO'SA,  Amamcachu.
Ord.  Liliaeeae.  The root  is cut into slips and
laid upon  the  bites of serpents by the Peruvian
Indians.
  POLYBLEN'NIA, from poly, and fiXtrva, 'mu-
cus.'  Excessive secretion of mucus.
  POLYBREPHIA, Pregnancy, complex.
  P0LYCARP'J3, from poly, and eapiroc, 'fruit.'
A  division of cutaneous diseases of the family
Eczematosen, of Fuchs, including Psoriasis,
Lichen, Herpes, and Impetigo.
  POLY'CERAS,  from poly, and  xcpac,  'horn.'
A monstrous animal having many horns.—Gurlt.
  POLYCHOL'IA, Perichol'ia,  Hyperchol'in,
from poly, and ^oAij, ' bile.'  Superabundance of
bile;  such as is  supposed  to  exist in  bilious
fevers.
  POLYCHREST'TJS, from poly,  and  xw™*'
'useful.'   Having  many  virtues.   An  ancient
name for certain medicines considered to be use-
ful in many diseases.
  POLYCHRONIUS, Chronic.
  POLYCIIY'LIA, from poly, and  \vXos, 'juice.'
Po/ychy'mia.   Fulness of juices.
  POLYCHYMIA, Polychylia — p.  Sanguinea,
Plethora.
  POLYCLIN'ICA, from poly, and eXtvn, 'bed.'
Provided with many beds; — as an hospital.
  POLYCOR'IA, from poly, and Kopn,  ' the  pu-
pil.'   The state in  which there is. more than  one
pupil.—Von Ammon.
  POLYCRINOSES, see Profluvium.
  POLYCYE'SIA, Polycye'aie,   from poly,  and
Kvneic, 'pregnancy.'  Frequent or quickly recur-
ring  pregnancies : also, compound pregnancy.
  POLYCYTHEMIA, from poly, Kvroc, 'a cell,*
and 'aipa, 'blood.'  A condition  of the blood in
which there is an increase of the red corpuscles.
  POLYDAC'TYLUS,  Perieeodac'tylue,  from
poly, and SaKrvXoc, 'a finger.'   One who has  a
supernumerary finger or fingers,  or toes.
  POLYDIP'SIA, from poly, and <5«fij,  'thirst;'
Sitie morbo'ea seu inten'ea, Polypo'eia, Dipao'sie
avena,  Exceaaive thirst, (F.)  Soif  exceaaive.  A
constant desire for drinking, with a sense of dry-
ness  in the mouth and throat.  It is mostly symp-
tomatic of fever, inflammation, dropsy, excessive
discharges, Ac, and is so much a part of diabetes,
that  it has been called Polydipsia.
  POLYG'ALA, from poly, and yaXa, ' milk;' P.
vulga'rie,  Common Milkwort.  Ord. Polygalaceae.
Sex.  Syst. Diadelphia Octandria.  The leaves are
bitter, and are used in the same cases as the Poly-
gala amara.
  Polygala  Ama'ra, P. amarel'la seu vulga'rie,
Bitter Milkwort.  A powerful bitter; and, conse-
quently, tonic.  Its reputed virtues are balsamic,
demulcent, and corroborant.  The  Polygala ru-
bella, or  Bitter Polygala of the United States,
has the same virtues.
  Polygala  Amarella,  P.  amara — p. Bitter,
see P. amara—p.  Grandiflora, P. senega.
  Polyg'ala  Paucifo'lia,  Triclisper'ma gran-
diflo'ra.  Dwarf Milkwort, Little Pollom, Ever-
green Snakeroot, (F.) Poly gale  naine, possesses
the same properties as  P. Senega.
  Polyg'ala Sen'ega, P. Virginia'na seu gran-
diflo'ra,  Sen'eka, Rattleenake Milkwort,  Senega
or Rattleenake root, (F.) Polygale de Virginie ou
de Seneka.  The bark is the active part of the
root,  Senega  (Ph.  U.  S.).  Its  taste is at  first
acrid, and afterwards  very hot and pungent.  It
was once esteemed to be specific  against the  poi-
son of the rattlesnake and in pleurisy, pneumo-
nia,  Ac,  after the inflammatory  action had  been
got under.  It has been given  also in humoral
asthma, chronic rheumatism, dropsy, croup, amen-
orrhoea, Ac.  According to Peschier, it contains
three particular principles, Polyg'aline or Sen'e-
g'.ne,  laol'ueine, and Polyg'alic  Acid.  Dose, gr.
30 to 40 of the powder.
  Polygala  Serpenta'ria.  A shrub of Caffra-
ria, the root of which is considered by tbe natives
as a  sure antidote  against the bites of venomous
serpents. 
POLYGALACTIA
742
POLYPODIUM
  Polygala Virginiana, P. senega — p. Vulga-
ris P. amara.
  POLYGALACTIA, Polyga'lia, from poly, and
yaXa, yaXaKTos, 'milk.'  Superabundant secretion
of milk; galactia.
  POL YGALE NAINE, Polygala paucifolia —
p. de Virginie, Polygala Virginiana.
  POLYGALIA, Polygalactia.
  POLYGALINE, see Polygala senega.
  POLYGONATUM,  Convallaria polygonatum
—p. Anceps, Convallaria polygonatum—p. Cani-
culatum, Convallaria canaliculata—p. Latifolium,
Convallaria canaliculata—p. Multiflorum, Con-
vallaria  multiflora — p. Pubescens,  Convallaria
pubescens — p. Uniflorum, Convallaria polygona-
tum — p. Vulgare, Convallaria polygonatum.
  POLYG'ONUM, P. avicttla're,  from poly, and
yovv, 'a knee or joint.' P. centino'dium seu erec'-
tum, Centino'dia, Centumno'dia, Sanguina'tie Cor-
rig"iola,  Sanguina'ria,  Knotgraae,  Knotweed,
Bindweed, Doorweed,  (F.)  RenouSe,  Trainaaae,
Centinode.  Ord. Polygonaceae.   Sex. Syat. Oc-
tandria Trigynia.  This grass  is said to be a
feeble astringent.
  Polygonum Acre, P. hydropiper.
  Polygonum Amphib'ium,  P. coccin'eum, Water
Pereica'ria, of Europe and this  country.   The
roots have been used like sarsaparilla, especially
in diseases of the skin.
  Polygonum Bistor'ta, P. bietortoVdee, Bietor-
ta,  Colubri'na, Ojfic"inal Bietort, Great Bietort or
Snakeweed, (F.)Bietorte, Couleuvrine, Serpentaire
rouge.  The root is a powerful  astringent and
tonic; and, as  such,  has been  used  in internal
hemorrhage, atonic  diarrhoea, ague,  Ac.  Dose,
gr. xv to 3J.
   Polygonum Bistortoide% P. bistorta—p. Cen-
tinodium. P. aviculare.
   Polygonum  Coccineum, P. amphibium.
   Polygonum  Divarica'tum ;   Eaatem  Buck-
wheat plant.   The roots, reduced to a coarse meal,
are said to be  much used as an article«of diet by
the Siberians.
   Polygonum Erectum, P.  aviculare.
   Polygonum   Fagop'yrum, Fagop'yrum,   F.
eaculent'uin, Trit'icum Fagi'nitm, Buckwheat, (F.)
 Sarrasin, BIS noir.  The grain of this plant con-
stitutes a principal article of food with the inha-
bitants of Russia, Germany, and Switzerland.  It
 is much used in the  United States.
   Polygonum Hydrop'iper, P.  acrl seu hydro-
 pipero'idee (Pursh) seu puncta'tum, Hydrop'iper,
 Pereica'ria urene, Mercu'riue  terres'tris, Poor
 Man'e  Pepper, Biting Aree-emart,  Smartweed,
 Lakeweed, Water-pepper, (F.) Poivre  d'eau, Per-
 eieaire poivree ou br&lante ou dcre, Piment d'eau,
 Curage, RenouSe dcre.  The leaves of this plant
 have an acrid, burning taste, and resemble those
 of the arum.  They have been  recommended as
 possessing antiseptic, aperient, and diuretic vir-
 tues. The fresh leaves have been applied exter-
 nally as a stimulating cataplasm.
    Polygonum HydropIperoides, P. Hydropiper,
 P.  punctatum.  _ Polygonum hydropipero'idee  of
 Michaux, mild waterptper; indigenous;  has  no
 acrid properties.
    Polygonum Persica'ria, Pereicaria, P. minor
 seu mi'ii'g, Plumba'go, Lady'e Thumb, Heart's ease,
 (Prov.)  Redshanks,  (F.) Persicaire douce.  This
 plant is said to possess vulnerary and antiseptic
 qualities.  It has been given in wine to arrest
 gangrene.
    Polygonusi Puncta'tum, P. hydropiperoi'dee,
 Water pepper of America, Smartweed, possesses
 similar properties to Polygonum hydropiper, and
 is occasionally used  internally in gravel, and ex-
 ternally in chronic ulcers.  A fluidrachm of the
 saturated tincture has been extolled  in amenor-
 rhoea.  See Polygonum hydropiper.
  Polyg'onum Virginia'nuw, Wand-spiked Per-
sica'ria, Yirgin'ia Bietort; indigenous; is astrin-
gent, diuretic, nnd tonic.
  POLYGROMA, Staphyloma.
  POLYHI'DRIA, Polyi'dria, Polyidro'eie, from
poly, and 'tipuis, 'sweat.'  Excessive sweating.
  POLYHYDRIA, Hydrops.
  POLYHYPERHjEMIA, Plethora.
  POLYIDRIA, Polyhidria.
  POLYHIDROSIS, Polyhidria.
  POLYLYMPHIA, Anasarca.
  POLYMASTH'US, Pleiomae'thtte, from  poly,
and uaoSoc, ' breast'   A monster  having several
breasts. — Gurlt.  The condition  has been called
Poli/ma'zia, Pleioma'zia, and Pleoma'zia.
  POLYMAZIA, see Polymasthus.
  POLYMEL'IAN, (F.) Polymelien, from  poly,
and utXos. 'a limb.'  An epithet given to monsters
characterized by the insertion,  in  a well formed
subject, of one  or more accessory limbs, accom-
panied, at times, by the rudiments  of certain
other parts.—I. G. St. Hilaire.
  POLYMERIA, Polymerismus—p. Promiscua
translativa, Transposition of the viscera.
  POLYMERIS'MUS,  Polymelia, from  poly,
and  ptpos, 'apart'   A  monstrosity, which con-
sists in the existence of supernumerary organs;
as a sixth finger of the hand.
  P0LYNE1IR0N, Plantago.
  POLYONYCHIA, Polonychia.
  POLYTOP'SIA, Pol'yopy, from  poly, and otpts,
'sight'  Vision is  so called,  when multiple or
manifold.
  POLYOPY, Polyopsia.
  POLYOREX'IA, from poly,  and optfis, 'appe-
tite.'   Excessive appetite or hunger.  A genus
in the Gastroses of M. Alibert.
  POLYPE'RIA, from poly,  and  irnpos, 'muti-
lated.'   Congenital  misconstruction  of various
parts or organs. — Good.
  POLYPHA'GIA,  Mnltivoran'tia, from  poly,
and  tp.ayia, ' I eat.'  Voracity.   Faculty of eat-
ing or subsisting on many kinds  of food.  See
Boulimia.
  POLYPH'AGOUS, Polyph'ague, Multiv'orous,
(F.) Polyphage.   Relating or appertaining to
polyphagia.
  POLYPHARMACI'A,  Polypharmacy ; from
poly, and ipappanov, 'a medicine.'   The prescrib-
ing of too many medicines.  A  prescription, con-
sisting of a number of medicines ; hence the name
Polyphar'macue, (F.) Polypharmaque, given  to
one who is in the habit of prescribing a number
of medicines, and whose prescriptions are loaded
with  ingredients.   The term  is  taken in bad
part.
  POLYPHARMAQUE, see Polypharmacia.
  POLYPHYSIA, Flatulence.
  POLYPIFORM CONCRETIONS, see Polypus.
  POLYPIONIA, see Polysarcia —p.  Infantum,
see  Polysarcia.
  POLYPIOSIS, see Polysarcia.*
  POLYPLAS'TIC,  Polypi as'ticus, from  poly,
and trXaoaio, 'I form.'   That  which  has  many
shapes.
  Polyplastic Element, in  histology,  is  one
which does not retain its primary shape ; but un-
dergoes transformation into others. — Gerber.
  POLYPODI'TES.   Wine  impregnated with
polypody.
  POLYPO'DIUM,  P. Vitlga're sou  Virginia'-
num seu pinnatifidum, Filic'jtla dulcis. Common
Polypody, Fern  root, Rock Brake, Brake root,
(F.) Fougire douce.   Ord. Filices.  From poly,
and tci;j,  voSos, 'a  foot,' owing  to its many roots.
This fern grows in the clefts of rocks, walls. Ac]
in both hemispheres.  It was formerly regarded as 
POLYPODY               743    POLYSTOMA  PINGUICOLA
a cholagogue, and was given in head diseases.  It
is not used now.
  Polypodium  Adiantiporme, see  Calagualae
radix — p. Ammifolium,  see   Calagualae  radix
—p. Argenteum,  see Calagualae radix —p. Ceta-
ra?cinum, P. incanum — p. Calaguala, Calagualae
radix — p. Coriaceum, see Calagualae radix — p.
Dentatum, Asplenium  filix  fuemina —p.  Filix
foemina, Asplenium filix foemina.
  Polypo'dium Filix Mas, Aapid'ium sen Athyr'-
ittm seu Nephro'dium seu  Pol ye1 ti cum Filix Mae,
A. drpaa'tttm seu ero'eum,  Filix pinna'ta, Pterie,
Blechnon, Polyrrhi'zon, Bluncnon Oriba'eii, Lon-
chi'tis, FiUe'nla, Filix Mae, F. non ramo'ea den-
ta'ta, Nephro'dium crenatum, Polys'ticum callip'-
teris, Mule Polypody or Fern,  (F.) Fougere male.
The rhizoma of this plant, Filix Mas, Ph.  U. S.,
has been much  extolled as an anthelmintic, and
in  cases of tajnia.   It was  the basis of a once
celebrated remedy—Madame Nouffer's—but, per-
haps, more of the efficacy was to be attributed to
the active purgatives  by which it was followed
than to .the fern. Dose, gij to ^iij of the pow-
dered solid part of the root; followed in the morn-
ing by a strong  cathartic of  camboge  or  jalap.
An ethereal extract has  been proposed by  Dr.
Peschier, of Geneva.
   Polypo'dium   Inca'num,  P.  cetaree'cinnm,
Acroe'tichum  polypodioidee,  Pol'ypody,  Rock
Brake;  indigenous; has  been considered demul-
cent, cathartic and  anthelmintic
   Polypodium Incisum, Asplenium filix foemina
—p. Molle, Asplenium filix foemina—p. Pennati-
fiduin, P. vulgare — p. Politum,  see Calagualae
radix — p. Trifidum, Asplenium filix foemina — p.
 Virginianum, P. vulgare — p. Vulgare,  Polypo-
 dium.
   POLYPODY,  Polypodium  incanum—p. Com-
mon, Polypodium vulgare—p. Male, Polypodium
filix mas.
   POL'YPOID, Polypoi'dee ; from polypue, and
 ttios, ' form.'  Having the shape of, or resembling,
a polypus.
   POLYPORUS IGNIARIUS, Boletus igniarius
■—p. Officinalis,  Boletus laricis.
   POLYPO'SIA, iroXvtroota, from poly, and roo-i?,
'drink.'   Great thirst — desire for drink.  Poly-
dipsia.
   POL'YPOTOME, Polypot'omus, Polypue knife,
from polypue, and repvetv, 'to cut'  An instru-'
nient for the removal of polypus by excision.
   POL'YPOUS, Potypo'eua: same etymon as the
next.  Relating, or belonging to, or resembling
polypus.
   POL'YPUS,  Paeudometamorpho'ais polypo'ea,
from iroXvs, 'many,' and  trovs, iroios, 'afoot.'  A
name  given to tumours,  which occur in mucous
membranes especially ; and which have been com-
pared to certain zoophytes.  Polypi may form on
every mucous membrane.  They are most com-
 monly observed in the nasal fossae, pharynx, and
 uterus;  more rarely in the stomach, intestines,
 bronchial tubes, bladder, and  meatus  auditorius
externus.   They vary much in  size,  number,
 mode of adhesion, and intimate nature.  Accord-
ingly, they have received various appellations ;
mucous, soft, veeic'ular, when  their substance has
been soft, spongy, vesicular, and, as it were, gorged
 with fluid.  Others have  been called hard ; and
these  have  been distinguished into fibroue or
fleahy, and into  aeirrhoua or cctneeroue.  Fibroue
polypi, Pol'ypi fibro'si, Inopol'i/jii, are of a dense,
compact texture, and whitish  colour.  They con-
tain few vessels, and do not degenerate into can-
cer.   The scirrhous or carcinomatous are true
cancerous tumours, painful and bleeding.  They
present all the pathological changes which belong
to  cancerous  affections, and the prognosis is of
course unfavourable.
   The mode of treating  polypi  must differ ac-
 cording  to their character.  The means used to
 destroy them  have been, 1. To subject them to
 the action of certain astringent powders or solu-
 tions, to obtain their resolution.  2.  Cauterization
 or the application of the actual cautery or caus-
 tics.  3. Excision  or  ablation with  a cutting in-
 strument.  A. Extirpation with the fingers or with
 the  polypus forceps.   5. A ligature, put  round
 them so as to prevent their nutrition.   A seton
 has, also, been sometimes used to  gradually de-
 stroy the pedicle.
   The term Polypi, Peendopol'ypi,  Cnrdi'tie po-
 lypo'sa, Pol'ypiform Concre'tione, (F.) CuncrStione
 pulypeiiaea ou polypiformee ou sanguines du Ccriir,
 Hemoeardioplasties, (Piorry,) has likewise been
 applied to collections of blood—tibrinous concre-
 tions— found in the heart or great vessels after
 dissolution.  These were  once, erroneously, re-
 garded as morbid.  The  presence  of these con-
 cretions may be suspected, when in  the course of
 an acute or chronic affection of the heart, or at
 the close of chronic diseases in general—especially
 those of the lungs — the  heart's  action becomes
 suddenly tumultuous, obscure, and  accompanied
 with a soft bellows' murmur, whilst the general
 symptoms indicate the effects of obstructed circu-
 lation.   The  right cavities  are most frequently
 affected.
   Pol'ypus BR0NCHIA'LlS,/?rowcMewMu'r7s,i?roii-
 chi'tie membrana'cea seu exsudati'va seu  croupo'-
 sa, B.plastic, Bronchial Croup, Chronic Croup [?],
 Pseudo-mem'branous  Bronchitis,  (F.) Bronehite
 peeudo-membraneuae. A membraniform secretion
 in the bronchial tubes of a diphtheritic character,
 having  the shape, when unexpectorated,  of the
 bronchia.   It is the result of inflammation of the
 lining membrane of those tubes.
   Polypus Carnosus,  Sarcoma—p. Fibrosus, see
 Polypus — p.  Uteri, Metropolypus.
   POLYRRHIZON, Polypodium filix mas.
   POLYRRIIffiA, Profluvium.
   POLYSAR'CIA, Polyaarco'aia, from poly, and
 <rap|, oapaos, 'flesh.'  Carnoe'itae,  Polysoma'tia,
 Adelipa'ria, Corpiilen'tia,  Stenti'tee.  Excessive
 corpulency.   Authors  have distinguished  two
 varieties of this : — Polysarcia Carno'sa, Cor-
 pulency, and P. Adipo'sA, Potypia'nia. Polypio'-
 eia, Pimelo'eie  nim'ia, Pachys'ntiie, Pachyn'eie,
 Obee'itas,  Hyperpim'ele,  Lipa'ria,  Adipo'sis,
 Polysar'eia  fagino'sa,  Empyme'lium polyear'-
 cia,  Baryeo'mia,  Barysomnt'iea,  Lipn'sis,  Li-
 pnr'otee,  Lipas'ma, Pinguitti'do,   Pin'giiitude,
 Obes'ity, (F.)  OberitS,  Embonpoint excessif.  A
 severe regimen and exercise are the best preven-
 tives.   Children  are occasionally  met  with  of
 unusual  fatness,  in  spite of every care.   This
 morbid  disposition has been  termed Polypio'nia
 infan'tum, and Chloro'aie gigante'a.
   Polysarcia Viscerum, Physconia adiposa.
   POLYSARCOSIS, Polysarcia.
   POLYSCEL'IA, from poly, and oeeXos, 'a kg.'
 A monstrosity, characterized by the presence of
 one or more supernumerary legs.
   POLYSIA'LIA, from poly, and otuXov, 'saliva.
 Excessive discharge of saliva.
   POLYSOMATIA, Polysarcik
   POLYTSO'MIA, from poly, an I  otopa, 'body.
 A monstrosity characterized by the existence of
 more bodies than one.
   POLYSPAS'TON, from poly,  and  eiraw,  'I
 draw.'   A powerful instrument for reducing luxa-
 tions. — Gorrwus.
   POLYSPERMIA,  from poly,   and  oirCp,ta,
 'sperm.'  Richness or fulness of sperm.
   POLYSTICUM  CALLIPTERIS, Polypodium
 filix mas—p. Filix Mas, Polypodium filix mas.
I   POLYSTOMA  PINGUICOLA, see Worms ~
! p. Venarutn, see Worms. 
POLTTRIC              714             POPLITEAD
  POLYTRIC, Asplenium trichomanoides.
  POLYTRICHIA, see Polytrichus.
  POLYT'RICHUM, from poly, and fyf, rpiXos,
'hair,' P. vulga're, Polyt'ricon, Adian'tum  au'-
reuin, Golden  Maiden-hair,  (F.)  Perce-moueee.
Ord. Musci.  It is possessed of astringent  pro-
perties, and was formerly given in diseases of the
lungs, and in calculous affections.
  Polytrichum  Commune,  Asplenium  tricho-
manoides.
  Polytrichum  Juniperi'num,  Haircap  moee,
Rabbin's Rye, common in New England, is said
to possess powerful diuretic properties.
  POLYT'RICHUS;  same etymon as Polytri-
chum.  Very hairy.   One that has much hair.
The condition is  termed Polytrich'ia ; although
this term is, at times, employed for the growth
of hair on parts not usually having  it.
  POLYTROPH'IA,  from  poly, and rptipm,  'I
nourish.'  Abundant or excessive nutrition.
  POLYURESIS, Diabetes.
  POLYURIA, Diabetes.
  POLYU'RICUS, from poly, and  ovpov, 'urine.'
Sauvages calls—lechu'ria polyu'rica — a kind  of
ischuria, caused by accumulation of urine in the
bladder.
  POMA, Drink — p. Chinensia, see Citrus au-
rantium.
  POMACEOI, Cider.
  POMA'TUM, />o;/i»ia'ft(m,from porno-,'apples,'
which formerly entered into its composition. (F.)
Pominade, LiparolS, StSarolS.   A pharmaceutical
preparation, employed only externally, which dif-
fers but little from an ointment, except in having
generally less consistence.  It is usually scented
and coloured to render itmore agreeable. Apples
formerly entered into the composition of the po-
matum ; hence its name.
  Commun  Pomatum is made of lard, 12H)s; euet,
4ft)s ; eaaence, ^ viij.
  Pomatum ad Labia Demulcenda, Cerate for
the lips — p. Epispasticum  flavum, Unguentum
lyttae medicatum  aliud — p. Epispasticum viride,
Ac, Unguentum  lyttae  medicatum — p. for the
Lips, Cerate for the lips—p. Nitricum seu oxyge-
natum,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi—p. Saturni,
Unguentum plumbi superacetatis.
  POMBALEA IPECACUANHA, see  Ipecacu-
anha..
  POMEGRANATE, Punica granatum.
  POMILIUS. see Nanus.
  POM MADE, Pomatum—p. d'Alyon, Unguen-
tum acidi nitrosi—p. Antipaorique de Jaaaer, Un-
guentum sulphuris compositum—p. d'Autenrieth,
Unguentum antimonii tartarizati —p. de Cyrillo,
Unguentum muriatis  hydrargyri oxygenato me-
dicatum— p.  Epiapaetique  jaune,  Unguentum
lytta? medicatum aliud—p.  Epiapaetique verte,
Unguentum lyttae  medicatum—p. de Garou, Un-
guentum epispasticum de daphne gnidio.
  POMMADEDE GONDRET, P. ammoniacale
de  Gondret (F.), Gondret'e Coiinterirritaut,  Gon-
dret'e iiminoniacal Cauetic.   (Liq. ammon.  p.  ij ;
Sevi, p. j;  Ol. amygdal. p. j ; M.) Used to excite
a speedy revulsion in cases of chronic affections
of the brain, incipient cataract, amaurosis, Ac, as
well as to cauterize the integuments deeply.
  The above formula, is that of the  French Co-
dex, but, according to M. Trousseau, it is much
too hard for use, unless  the weather  is warm.
He proposes two formula, one for  summer, the
other for winter.  In the former he directs three
parts of lard, one of euet, and four  of liquor am-
monia ;  in the  latter, equal parts of  lard and
liquor ammoni at.               v
  POMMADE POUR LES  LEVRES, Cerate
for thelips—p. Ophthalmiqne (Regent's,) Unguen-
tum  ophthalmicum— p. Oxygtrtle, Unguentum
acidi  nitrosi—/). StibiSe, Unguentum  antimonii
tartarizati.                                „
  POMME. see Pyrus malus—p. d Adam, ro-
mum  Adami—p. d'Amour, Solanum lycopersicum
__p.  Epineuee, Datura stramonium—p. de Mrr-
veitle, Momordica balsamica—p.  Mouaavuse, Be-
degar__p. de Terre, Solanum tuberosum.
  POMMES HiMORRHOIDALES, see Vis-
cum album.
  POMMETTE, see Mala? os.
  POMMIER, Pyrus malus.
  POMPE  POUR  L'ESTOMAC,   Stomach
pump.
  POMPHOLYGE'RON, vop<t>oXvynpov, from
irovupoXvyoui, 'to raise blisters.'  The name of a
plaster employed by the ancients.— Castelli.
  POMPH'OLYX,  from  ttoptpos, 'a bladder.'   A
small vesicle on the skin. An eruption of bulla
or  blebe,  appearing without any inflammation
around  them, and without fever.   It is the Ec-
phlyaia Pompholyx  of Good.  See Pemphigus.
  Pompholyx, Tutia, Zinci oxydum.
  POMPHUS, Wheal.
  POMPION,  Cucurbita pepo.
  POM UM AD A'MI, Eminen'tia thyreoidea, (F.)
Pomme d'Adam, Adam'e  Apple.  The  projection
formed by the'thyroid cartilage in the neck — of
males particularly.   It is so called from a notion
that it was  caused  by the apple sticking  in the
throat of  our first parent.
  Pomum Amoris, Testicle—p. Hierosolymitanum,
Momordica balsamina — p. Melongena, see Sola-
num  melongena — p. Mirabile, Momordica Bal-
samina— p. Spinosum, Datura  stramonium.
  PONOTION, Puncturing.
  POND  SHOVEL, Unisema deltifolia.
  PONDERA  ET  MENSUR.E,  Weights  and
measures.
  PONDUS, Pudibilia — p. Pharmaceuticum, see
Weights and measures.
  PONGITIF. Pungent
  PONS  CEREBELLI, Pons  Varolii—p.  He-
patis, see Lobulus  anonymus — p. Sylvii, Quad-
rigemina  Tubercula — p. Tarini, Tarini pons.
  Pons Varo'lii, P. Cerebel'li.  Corpue  annnla're,
Procee'eue  annularie,  Prominentia   annula'rie
cer'ebri, Eminen'tia annularie, Nodue  enceph'ali
seu Cer'ebri, Protnberan'tia baaila'ria,  Protuber-
■ an'tia anniiln'rie Willia'ii, Varo'li'e bridge, Cer'e-
briil protu'berance,  (F.) ProtubSrance cSrSbrale ou
annulaire, MSseneSphale, MSeocSphale, Pont de
 Vnrole, Annular protuberance.  An eminence  at
the upper part of the medulla oblongata, first de-
scribed by Varolius.  It  is formed by  the union
of the crura cerebri and  crura cerebelli.
   Pons Zygomaticus, Zygomatic arch.
  PONT DE TARIN,'Tarini pons— p. de Va-
role,  Pons Varolii.
  PONTE, see Parturition—p.  PSriodique, see
Parturition.
   PONTEDERIACORDATA.Unisemadeltifolia,
   PONTICUM ABSINTHIUM,  Artemisia Pvn-
tica.
   POOK, Abdomen.
   POPLAR,   AMERICAN,  Liriodendron— p.
 Balm of  Gilead, Populus Candicans — p. Black,
 Populus—p. Tree,  Liriodendron—p. Tulip-bear-
ing, Liriodendron.
   POPLES, Gare'tum,  Garretum, Ignye,  Ig'nye,
 Snffra'go, Foesaj/enu, Foeea poplita'a, the Ham,
 Hough, Hoff, Hock, (F.) Jarret, from post, and
 plico, 'I fold.'  The posterior part of the knee
 joint  The ham forms  what is called the pop
liteal region or epace.
   POPLESY, Apoplexy.
   POPLITJEUS, Popliteal muscle.
   POPL1TK. Poplitseus muscle.
   POPLITEAD, see Popliteal aspect 
POPLITIC
  Poplite'al, Poplitee'ue, Poplit'ic, (F.) PoplitS,
from poplee,  'the ham.'  That which relates to
the ham.  A name given to various parts.
  Popliteal Artery — Popliteal portion  of the
crural, — (Ch.),  is really a continuation  of the
femoral,  which  changes  its  name on passing
through  the adductor magnus  muscle.   It de-
scends a little obliquely outwards into the  hollow
of the ham, and extends from the commencement
of the lower third of the thigh to the end  of the
upper quarter of the leg, where  it terminates by
dividing into the posterior  tibial  and peroneal
arteries.   In the ham, it gives off the three eupe-
rior articular arteriee ; and, at the top of the leg,
the  arteries  of  the gemini  muscles or  gemini
branchee, (F.) branchee jumellee,  the two inferior
articular arteriee, and the tibialie antica.
   Popliteal Aspect.  An aspect  towards  the
side  on  which  the poplee  or ham is situated.
(Barclay.)   Poplite'ad is used by the same writer
adverbially, and signifies ' towards the popliteal
aspect.'
   Popliteal Fossa, Poples.
   Poplite'al Glands,  Glan'dula poplita'a.
Lymphatic glands, four in number, seated in  the
popliteal region  or space.
   Popliteal MuscLE,Po/)Zif<s'j(8 Muscle, Subpop-
litaus, (F.)  Muscle poplitS, Muscle Jarretier, FS-
moro-popliti-tibial,  (Ch.), is seated in the pop-
liteal region. It is triangular, long, flat;  and is
inserted, on the  one hand, by means of a strong
tendon,  into the  tuberosity at the  outer condyle
of the femur, terminating below at the upper part
of the posterior surface of the tibia.  This  muscle
bends the leg on the thigh, and, reciprocally, the
thigh on the leg.  When the leg is bent, it causes
it to turn, in rotation, inwards.
   Popliteal Nerves.  They  result from  the
bifurcation of the sciatic, and are two in number,
viz.  1.  The  external popliteal,  Peroneal nerve,
BranchepSroniire, (Ch.)  It is smaller than  the
internal; turns to the outside  of the fibula at the
upper part of the leg, and divides into the mus-
culo-cutaneous branch, nerf pretibio-digital, (Ch.)
and the  anterior tibial, nerf prStibio-susphalaiigS-
taire, (Ch.)   2.   The inter'nal  poplite'al nerve,
Branche tibiale (Ch.),  which is  larger than  the
other, and seems to be the  real  continuation of
the sciatic nerve.  It descends vertically into the
hollow of the ham; and passes  beneath the apo-
neurotic arch of the Solaris muscle, beyond which
it  takes the name tibial nerve.   It  furnishes
the external saphena nerve,  and  a number of
branches, that are distributed  to  the  posterior
muscles of the leg.  It then passes to the sole of
the foot to  be divided into  two branches, called
Plantar nerves.
   Popliteal Region, Poples — p. Space,  Poples.
   Popliteal Vein has the same arrangement as
the artery behind which it is situate.
   POPLITIC, Popliteal.
   POPONAX, see Pastinaca opoponax.
   POPPY,  CELANDINE, Stylophorum  diphyl-
lum —p. Corn, red, Papaver rhoeas.
   Poppy Heads, see Papaver.
   Poppy, Horn, Stylophorum diphyllum.
   Poppy Juice, Meconium — p. Pill, Opium.
   Poppy,   PRiCKLy,  Argemone  Mexicana — p.
 Spotling, Cucurbalus  Behen —p.  Thorn, Arge-
mone Mexicana — p.  White, Papaver—p. White,
capsule, see Papaver.
   POP'ULUS,  P. nigra, JEgei'roe,  Achero'ie,
Black poplar, (F.) Peuplier, P. noir  ou franc.
The young  bude, oculi or rudiments of the leaves,
which  appear in the  beginning of spring,  were
formerly used in an officinal ointment — the un-
guen'tum popule'um.   It was, also, recommended
in chronic affections of the lungs.
   The bark  of Pop'ulue Tremuloi'dee, American
PORPHYRY
aepen,  of P.  Tbem'i'LA seu pen'dnla, European
aspen,and of Populus Can'dicans, Balm ofiGilend
Poplar, is antiperiodic, and furnishes ealicin arid
populin,  in which the properties  probably reside.
  Populus Balsamifera, see Fagara octandra—
p. Candicans,see Populus—p. Pendula, P. tremula
—p. Tacamahaca, see Fagara octandra — p. Tre-
mula, see Populus—p. Tremuloides, see Populus.
  PORCELAINE, Essera, Urticaria.
  PORCELET, Hyoscyamus.
  PORCELIA TRILOBA, see Carica papaya.
  PORCELLIO, Oniscus.
  PORCELLUS, Oniscus.
  PORCULUS, Oniscus.
  PORCUPINE DISEASE, Ichthyosis.
  Porcupine Men, Eehinoder'mi.  Persons have
been so called in whom the cuticle is produced .n
the  form of pointed prolongations, as if it ha.'i
been moulded on the papilla), like the shorter and
blunter quills of the porcupine.
  PORCUS,  Vulva.
  PORDE, Crepitation.
  PORE, Porus, In'teretire,  tropos,  'a passage.'
Anatomists have given this name to the openings
at the  extremities of vessels at the surface of dif-
ferent  membranes.  Exhalant Pores have been
supposed to  exist in the exhalants, to transmit
the fluids exhaled. — Absorbent Pores are em-
ployed in taking up parts that have to enter the
circulation.   Pores  exist in the cuticle ; yet Hum-
boldt,  with a powerful magnifying-glass, was un-
able to observe them.   The pores of the skin
have also been called spira'cula.
  POREBLIND, Myopic.
  PORED MILK,  Colostrum.
  PORI BILIA'RII,.Di<c«hs bilia'rii seu biliferi,
 Canalic'tili bilifhri, Sur'culi fel/'ei. Ducts which
receive the bile from the penicilli of the liver, and
convey it to the hepatic duct.
  Pori Cuta'nei, P. Exhalan'tee seu Sudorif'eri
seu Reeorben'te8, Mea'tue cuticula'ree.  The  pores
of the skin.
  Pori Exhalantes, P. cutanei—p. Pulmonum,
.Cellules, bronchic—p. Resorbentes, P. cutanei —
p. Sudoriferi, P. cutanei.
  PORNOG'RAPIIY, Pornograph'ia ; from nopm,
' a prostitute,' and ypaipoi,' I describe.'  A descrip-,
tion of prostitutes or of prostitution, as a matter
of public hygiene.
  POROCE'LE, from  irwpos, ' callus,' and  KnXn,
'a tumour.'   A hard tumour of the testicle or its
envelopes.
  POROMA, Induration.
  POROMPHALOCELE, Poromphalon.
  POROM'PHALON,  Poromph'alue,  Porompha-
 loce'le, from  iriepos, ' hard,' and  opipaXos,  ' the
 navel.'  Umbilical  hernia  with  hard and  thick-
 ened parietes.
  POROS, Canal.
  POROSIS, Chalaza, Induration.
  POROT'IC,  Porot'icue,  (F.)  Porotique,  from
 iroipos,  ' callus.'  A  remedy  believed to be capable
 of assisting the formation of callus.
  PORPHYRA,  Purpura — p.  Grsecorum,  Pe-
 techias— p. Haemorrhagica, Purpura  haemorrha-
 giea—p. Laciniata, Ulva umbilicalis-—p. Umbili-
 calis, Ulva umhilicalis.
  PORPHYRISMA, Scarlatina.
  PORPHYRISMUS. Scarlatina.
  PORPHYRIZATION, Levigation.
  PORPHYROTYPHUS, see Typhus.
  PORPHYRU'RIA, Porphyu'ria;fromiroptpvpi,
 'purple,' and ovpov, 'urine.'  A state of the urine
—pur'puric  urine — in which it deposits the re-
 markable colouring matter—Pur'purine,  t'rro'-
eacine, Roeac'ic acid, Uro'Sr'ythrin, Uro'rhodine.
 Ur'rhodine — in  association with urate of am-
 monia.
  POR'PHYRY, Porphyri'tes, from wpipvpof 
P0RP1TYCRIA              746                  PORTA
•purple.'  A  species of  very hard, compound
rock, susceptible of considerable polish, and used
in the  fabrication  of mortars and  slabs for the
apothecary.
  Porphyry,  Black. Ophites.
  PORPIIYURIA, Porphyruria.
  PORRACE. Porraceous.
  PORRA'CEOUS,  Porra'ceus, Pra'sinua,  from
pirritm,  ';t  leek.'  (F.) PorracS.   Having the
ureeti  colour  of the leek.   An epithet given to
cjri'iin excreted matters,—the sputa, bile and
f.i ces particularly.
  RORRKAU,  Allium  porrum.
  PORRECTUM, Lever.
  PORRET, Allium porrum.
  PORRIDGE,  ATIIOL. see  Mahogany.
  PORRIGINE,  Porrigo favosa.
  POIli!IGINEUX. Porriginous.
  PORRIGINOSUS, Porriginous.
  PORRIG"INOUS, Porrigino'sus, (F.) Porri-
ginenx.  Anpertaining to porrigo.
  PORRI'GO (L.), 'scurf or  scall  in  the  head.'
 Tin'en, Fanta, Furf urn'tio, Fur'furea, Ecpye'sia
seu Phhjaia porrigo,  Trichono'eia,  Stalled  head
in general, Scat lard; from porrigere, ' to spread.'
(F.) Teigns, Rache.  Some of the  varieties are
contagious.   It is  principally  characterized by an
eruption of  the pustules, called favi and achores,
unaccompanied by fever.
  Porrigo Confkrta, P. scutulata.
  Porrigo  Df.cvl'vans, Tricho'eie a'rea, Area,
Alope'cia area'ta seu partia'lia seu eircumacrip'ta,
Phytnalope'cia, Trichono'eie fitirfiura'cea,  Tyr'ia,
 Tyro'ma, Ophi'aeie,  Tin'ea tondene, Herpena ton-
en'rans, Squarra tondene, Limited or partial Bald-
neee,  consists of  patches of baldness  without
decay  or change  of colour in the surrounding
hair, the exposed  parts  of the scalp being  glab-
rous, white, and shining.  The morbid condition
sometimes spreads, so that the patches coalesce,
rendering the baldness extensive.  To a  vege-
table  growth, found at  the  roots of the  hair
in Tinea tondens,  Gruby gives the name Microa'-
poron  Attdoui'ni.  It is, also,  called Tricoph'yton.
seu Trichom'yces toiisu'rttiis.   The treatment con-
 sists  in keeping  the scalp cleared by constant
shaving, and  in  the steady application  of some
 stimulating liniment or ointment
  Porrigo  Favo'sa,  Ce'rion, Favus, Ecpye'sia
 porrigo fiavoaa,  Tinea fiavoaa,  Sca'biee cap'itia
favosa,  Mel ice'r a.  Melice'rum, Melice'ria, Mel-
 lifia'iium,  Porrigoph'yta,  Honey-comb  Scall or
 Tetter, (F.)  Teigne faveuee, Porrigine.  This con-
 sists in an  eruption of pustules  common  to the
 head,  trunk, and extremities,  pea-sized, flattened
 at the top,  in clusters, often  uniting;  discharge,
 fetid:  scabs, honey-combed;  the cells filled with
 fluid.  It occurs  both   in  early and adult life.
 Modern researches have satisfied some observers,
 that the crusts of favus are  of vegetable nature,
 and formed of a  parasitic plant, belonging, ac-
 cording to  Gruby, to the obsolete genus  myco-
 denn'a.   MM. J. Miiller  and Lebert  refer  it to
 the genus O'idiuir. and call it Oid'inm Schonlei'ni,
 whilst Remak assigns it to a new genus under the
 name  Achorion Sch'nnleinii.  The  point is not,
 however, settled.  The treatment of this variety
 must  consist  in the exhibition of laxatives and
 the mildest stimulating  ointments, sueb.  as the
 Ung. zinci,  Ung. hydrargyri praeipitnt.  alb., Ac.
 Eczema of the hairy scalp is often confounded
 with  Porrigo.
   Porrigo  Fur'purans,  Ecpyeeia porrigo fiur-
 flira'ceti,  Tinea  seu  Tricho'eie fiurfuracea seu
 pom'gitio'sa,  Pttyri'ahie, Teigne furfitracee (Ali-
 bert),  commences  with an  eruption of small acho-
 res, the  fluid of which soon  concretes and sepa-
 rates  in  innumerable thin, laminated scabs, or
 scale-like exfoliations.   It is attended with a good
deal of itching and some soreness of the scalp, to
which the  disease is confined.   It occurs  chiefly
in adults.  In  the treatment, the scalp must  be
kept  shaved.   The  part must  be washed  re-
peatedly with soap and  water, and  an  oiled silk
cap worn.    The nature of  the  ointments used
must vary  according to the period of disease and
the irritability of the part affected.  Zinc oint-
ment ; — one made with the  Cocculue indicus ; —
the Sulphur ointment; — Citrine  ointment; Ung.
hi/'lrargyri  nitricn-o.eydi;  Tar  ointment,  and
Nitric acid ointment have  all been  found  useful.
Should  inflammation  or  discharge arise, these
applications  must of course be intermitted.
   Porrigo Larvalis, P. lupinosa.
   Porrigo Larva'lis,  Crusta  lac'tea, Ecpye'sia
Porrigo cruata'cea, Menti'go, Achnr, Tin'ea lac'-
tea seu Fa'ciei,  Lactu'men, Lacti'go, Milky ecall
or Tetter,  Milkblotch, (F.) Croute de lait ou lait-
euae,  Feux vologee,  La  Graine.   This  is,  almost
exclusively,  a  disease of infancy.   It commonly
appears first on the forehead and cheeks, in an
eruption of numerous, minute, whitish achores on
a red surface.  These break anil discharge a viscid
fluid, which  becomes incrusted in thin, yellowish,
or greenish scabs.  The patches spread, until the
whole  face becomes, as  it were,  enveloped in  a
nlask ; hence the epithet larvalie.   The disease
is rather a  variety  of Eczema.   Sometimes  the
eruption appears on  the neck and breast; and,
occasionally, on the extremities.  In general, the
health of tho child does  not suffer, but  the erup-
tion is always attended with much  itching and
irritation.   The treatment consists in mild, tepid
ablution, and  the  application  of gently  stimu-
lating  ointments,  as the oxydum zinci.  The
bowels must be kept in a soluble state by small
doses  of calomel, or by rhubarb and magnesia.
   Porrigo  Lupino'sa,   Tin'ea   lupi'na,  Favua
diaper'aua, Scabiee cap'itis, Ecpye'sia porrigo lu-
pino'ea, Porri'go larva'lis,  Impeti'go  figura'ta,
 Tin'ea granula'ta seu mnco'sa, Crusta  lactea  (of
some), Ment'ttgra infan'tum, (F.) Teigne, Dartre
crustacSeflavescente, Favus disseminS, consists of
minute pustules in small patches, mostly com-
mencing on  the scalp; the patches terminate in
dry, delving scabs, resembling lupine seeds;  the
interstices often covered with a thin, whitish and
exfoliating  incrustation.  It  occurs  chiefly in
early life, and requires the same treatment as the
last.
   Porrigo Scutula'ta, P. confier'ta, Tin'ea gra-
nula'ta  seu  fico'ea, Ecpye'sia porrigo gulea'ta,
Aeho'ree seu Sca'bies cap'itie, Favue confier'tue,
Ringworm ofi the Scalp,  Scalled head, (F.) Teigne
annulaire,  T. en anneau,  T.  ntimmttlaire, Favus
en groupee.  It commences with clusters of small,
light,  yellow pustules, whieh  soon scab off; and,
if neglected, become hard by accumulation.   If
the scabs be removed, the surface is left red and
shining, but studded with slightly elevated points.
If not attended to, it involves  the whole head.
It occurs in  children three or four years  of age,
and is  very unmanageable.  The rules laid down
under Porrigo furfurane must be here still more
perseveringly enforced.  The whole tribe of stim-
I ulating ointments may be  used  in  succession.
No one will always succeed, and hence  the  ne-
| cessity of change, provided advantage should net
seem  to follow any particular application.  Tho
 Unguentum  ad  Scabiem  of  Banyer sometimes
cures, when others fail.
   PORRIGOPH'YTA,  Porrigo  favoea.  ■ Porri-
gophyte means the  plant of favus or of  porrigo
favosa.
   PORRILLON. Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
   PORRUM, Allium porrum, Thymion.
   PORRUS, Sarcoma, Thymion.
   PORTA, iruAi?, Pyle,  (F.) Porte, ' a gate.'  Th« 
PORTAL                 747              POSSESSED
part of the liver or other organ—hilue—where its
vessels enter as by a gate.   See Liver. Also, the
Vulva.
  Porta  Hepatis, see Liver — p.  Jecoris, see
Liver — p. Lienis, see Spleen.
  Porta  Vena,  Vena porta, V. porta'rum seu
ad  portae seu  porta'lie seu  magna  seu  qua ad
juntas est seu etelechia'a seu lac'tea  seu ostia'ria
senarterio'sit seu arteria'lis, Rama'lis vena, Jan'-
itrix, Manue Jec'oria seu he'patie, Vena ad portae.
The System ofi the vena  porta or the Abdom'inal
venous system or Portal system, (F.)  Veine porte,
Porte veine, is  a  vascular  apparatus of  black
blood, situate in  the abdomen, and resulting from
two distinct orders of vessels, united into one
common  trunk.  1. One of  these trunks,  much
more extensive than the other,  has  received the
name Venn porta abdinnina'lia,  because it  arises
from  all the organs enclosed in the cavity of the
abdomen, except the kidneys and bladder;and,
in the female, the uterus.  The Abdominal venu
 porta has two principal roots, the splenic vein
and  the  euperior  meeenteric, which have their
ramifications in all the  digestive organs. 2. The
other trunk,  destined  solely  to  the liver, has
been  called the Hepat'ic vena porta.  It appears
to be a continuation of the abdominal vena porta,
and proceeds towards the inferior surface of the
liver.  Opposite  the  transverse fissure of that
organ, it divides, like an artery, into two branches,
which, by their union,  seem to form a canal or
duct, called by some  the Sinue ofi the vena porta,
or  ofi the portal vein.   These branches are distri-
buted in  the substance of the liver,  whither they
are accompanied by a prolongation of the fibrous
 capsule of that organ, — the capsule of Glisson.
 The different branches  of the vena porta are de-
 void  of valves.   See Liver.
   PORTAL, from porta, 'a gate.'  Relating to
the porta of the  liver, — as the portal system, or
system of the  vena porta.  By extension, the
 term has been applied to an  analogous system of
vessels in the kidney.  See Kidney.
   Portal Fissure,  see  Liver — p. Fossa, see
 Liver—p. System, see Porta Vena—p. System of
 the Kidney, see  Kidney—p. Vein, Porta Vena—
p. Veins  ofthe Kidney, see  Kidney.
   PORTE-AIGUILLE, Acutenac'ulum, Needle-
 carrier, Needle-bearer,  from (F.) porter, ' to car-
ry,' aud aiguille, ' a needle.'  An instrument for
 accurately laying hold  of a needle, and giving  it
 greater length, when it is so fine and  small that
 it cannot be held by the fingers.  It is of steel or
 silver, about two inches lonjr, and throughout the
 whole, almost, of its length,  divided  into two
branches, so as to form a kind  of forceps, capable
 of  being closed  by means of a sliding ring.   A
modification of  this  instrument was devised  by
 Dr. Physick for taking up  deep-seated arteries
 beyond  the  reach of a tenaculum  or  common
needle.   It consists of a forceps so  constructed
as  to hold in its extremity a needle armed with
a ligature.  The handles of  the forceps are fas-
 tened together, temporarily, by a spring or catch ;
and,  when  the needle is fairly  deposited beneath
the vessel, it  is disengaged from the forceps and
drawn  out, leaving  the  ligature behind,  which
can be tied without difficulty.
   PORTE-BOUGIE (F~).  A  silver  canula
similar to that  of a trochar,  except that it  is
longer.   It is  used for conducting  bougies into
Ihe urethra.
  POU TE ■ CA USTIQUE, . Porte-pierre — p.
Fiuille, Subscapularis.
  PORTE-LAQ. An  instrument  for carrying
the laq or fillet over the limb of the  foetus whilst
in utero,  when turning is necessary.
  PORTE-LIGATURE, from porter,' to carry,'
 and  ligature.  An instrument  for  conveying a
 ligature to deep-seated parts.
j   POR TE-MECHE (F.), from porter, ' to carry,'
 and  miche, 'a tent'  An instrument for carrying
j tents or meches deeply into fistulous openings, or
 sinuses, to the bottom of ulcers, Ac.  It is a wire
! of silver or steel, four or five inches long, having
 a  notch  at one  extremity, and a button at the
I other.
|    PORTE-MOXA,(F.).  A small  instrument
 for keeping the moxa applied to a part to be cau-
I terized. It consists of a metallic ring—separated
!| from the  skin by three  supports of ebony — to
, which  a handle is adapted.
!    PORTE-N(EUD (F.), from porter, ' to carry,*
! and  noeud, 'a knot' An instrument for carrying
' a ligature round  the base or pedicle of a tumour.
    PORTE-PIERRE(F.), Porte-cattstique,  Cans-
 tic bearer.  An  instrument similar to a porte-
, crayon for carrying lunar caustic.
''    PORTE-SONDE(F.).  An instrument resem-
: bling  a porte-crayon, employed for holding the
i style or sonde, and inserting it more readily into
| the  nasal duct, during the  operation for fistula
 lacrymalis.
    PORTE VEINE, Porta vena.
    PORTENTUM, Monster.
    PORTER, Cerevisia.
    PORTIO DURA, Facial nerve —p. Inter du-
 ram et mollem, Portio Wrisbergii—p. Intermedia
 Wrisbergii, Portio Wrisbergii — p. Media inter
 portionem duram et portionem mollem, Portio
 Wrisbergii.
    Portio Mollis, Auditory nerve.
    Por'tio Wrisber'gii,  P. interme'dia Wrisber'-
 gii seu media inter portionem duram et portionem
 mollem seu inter  duram  et mollem, (F.) Faisceau
 intermSdiare de Wriaberg, IntermSdiaire deWrie-
 berg.  A  small,  white  fasciculus, intermediate
 between the portio mollis and portio dura of the
 seventh pair of nerves, which was first described
 by Wrisberg.   The Chorda Tympani is supposed
 by some to emanate from this nerve.
    PORTION COSTO-TRACHELIENNE DU
 SACRO-SPINAL, Longissimus dorsi—p. Ecail-
j leux ou squameux du temporal. Squamous portion
 ofthe  temporal — p. Lombaire  du plexua crural,
I Lumbar plexus.            _,
    PORTION GODRONNE DE LA CORNE
 D'AMMON.  A name  given by Vicq d'Azyr to
j a  small, denticulated cord, of a compact  tissue
 and granular appearance, which unites the  cornu
 ammonis  to the paries of the lateral ventricle.
    PORTONARIUM, Pylorus, Duodenum.
    PORTULA'CA, P. olera'eea, Andrach'ne, Al-
 lium Gal'licum,  Purelane, (F.) Pourpier cultivS.
 This plant abounds with a watery and somewhat
 acid juice ; and is often put into soups or pickled
 with  spices.  It is  regarded as antiseptic and
 aperient.
    PORUS, Callus, Meatus—p. Acusticus,  Audi-
 tory canal, internal.
    Pours  Op'ticus.  An opening in  the centre
 ofthe  cribriform lamella ofthe  sclerotic, through
 which  the central artery of the retina enters tho
 eyeball.
    P0SCA, Oxycrate.
    POSE,  Coryza.
    POSIMOS, Potable.
    POSITION, FALSE. False position.
    POSOL'OGY,  Poeolof'ia, Doeiolog"ia, from
 votsos,' quantity,'and Xoyos, 'adiscourse.'  Indica-
 tion ofthe doses in which the different articles ofthe
 materia medica ought to be exhibited. (F.) Doeage.
    POSOQUERIA DUMETORUM,  Randia Du-
 metorum.^
    POSSEDE, Possessed.
    POSSESS'ED, Damoni'acue, (F.)PossSde. One 
POSSET                 748     POTASSA,'ACETATE OF
affeeted with epilepsy, or other strange neurotic I
affection,  was formerly  supposed to be  'pos-
sessed' by a demon.  Hence, exorcism  and  va-
rious religious ceremonies, at one time employed
to drive off the intruder.
  POSSET, Poeae'tum,  from  (L.) posca, 'sour
wine and water' [?].  Milk curdled with wine, or
any acid, or treacle.  A preparation  of beer  and
milk ;  Zythog'ala.
  Posskt, Sack, see Sack—p. Sago, see Sago.
  POSSETTING, Regurgitation (of Infants).
  POSTBRACHIALE, Metacarpus.
  POSTCARPIUM, Metacarpus.
  POSTE'RIOR ANNULA'RIS.  An  external,
interosseous muscle, which arises from the eorre-
iponding  sides of the metacarpal bones  of the
ring-finger and little finger, and is inserted  into
the inside of the tendon on the back of the ring-
finger.  Its use is to draw the  ring-finger in-
wards.
   Posterior Auris, Retrahens auris.
   Posterior In'dicis Manus.  An internal, in-
terosseous muscle, which arises from the inner or
ulnar side of the metacarpal bone of the fore-
finger, and is inserted into the inside of the  ten-
don on the back ofthe fore-finger.  Its nee is to
draw the fore-finger inwards.
   Posterior  Indicis  Pedis, Abduc'tor  Indicie
Pedie.  An external, interosseous muscle, which
arises from the contiguous sides of the metatarsal
bones of the  fore-toe, and second of the small
toes, and is inserted  into the outside of the  root
of the first bone of the fore-toe.  Its use is to pull
the fore-toe outwards.
   Posterior Me'dii Dig"iti Manus. An exter-
nal, interosseous muscle, which arises from the
corresponding sides of the metacarpal bones of
the middle and ring-fingers ; and is inserted into
the inside ofthe tendon on the back of the mid-
dle finger.  Its use is to  draw the middle finger
inwards.
   Posterior  Medii  Dig"iti Pedis.  Abductor
medii digiti pedis.   An  external,  interosseous
muscle, which originates  from the contiguous
Bides of the metatarsal bones of the second and
third ofthe small toes, and  is inserted into the-
outside of the root of the first bone of the  second
of the small toes.  Its use is  to pull the toe  out-
wards.
   Posterior  Ter'tii  Dig"iti, Adduc'tor tertii
digiti.  An external, interosseous muscle, which
arises from the contiguous sides of the metatarsal
bones of the third and fourth of  the small toes,
and is inserted into the outside of the root of the
first bone ofthe third of the  small toes.  Its use
is to pull the toe outwards.
   POSTHE. Penis, Prepuce.
   POSTHET'OMIST, Posthet'omue, from iroa$n.
'prepuce,' and  ropn, 'incision.'  One  who  per-
forms the operation of circumcision.
   POSTHETOMY, Circumcision.
   POSTHIA, Hordeolum.
   POSTHIOPLAS'TIC, Poathioplns'ticue, from
 troo$n, 'the prepuce,' and irXaaeoi, 'I form.'   An
 epithet applied to the operation for restoring the
 prepuce.
   POSTHFTIS,  Acrobyeti'tie,  Acropoethi'tie,
 from iroe$n, 'the prepuce, the penis,' and itia, the
 termination for  inflammation.  Inflammation of
 the prepuce.
   POSTHIUM, Prepuce.
   POSTHON'CUS, from roo$n, 'the prepuce or
 penis,' and oyKos, ' a tumour.'  Swelling of the
 prepuce or penis.
   POSTHOPLAS'TICA, from *otrSv, 'prepuce,'
 and irXao-riKos, 'formative.'   The art of making  a
 new prepuce.
   POST'HUMOUS, from poet, 'after,' and humue,
 ' the ground.'   Occurring after death.          I
  Posthumous Child.  One born after the death
of its father, or taken from tho dead body ot its
mother, as by the Caesarean section.
  POSTIME, Abscess.
  POST-MORTEM.  'After death ;' as  ' a poet
mortem or necroscopic examination.'
  POST-NATUS.  'Born after.'  In the old law
writers, the second son.
  POST-PARTUM.  'After delivery.'   As  'post
partum hemorrhage.'
  POSTPOSIT"IO, (poet, 'after,'  and ponere,
poaitum, ' to place,') ' a postponement'  Delay
in the return of  a paroxysm.  It is opposed  to
anticipatio, which  means  the  return of  a parox-
ysm earlier than its accustomed hour.
  In this sense,  we speak  of an anticipating, and
a poatponing (Febria hyateret'ico) intermittent.
  POSTREMA, Uterus.
  PO'TABLE, Potab'ilia, from potare, 'to drink.'
Pot'imoe, Potoa, Poa'imoe, ' drinkable.'  Water is
said to be potable, when it contains  atmospherio
air; is not brackish ; and has no mineral impreg-
nation of consequence.
  POTASH.   So called from the pots or vessels
in which it was  made;— Vegetable alkali, Gaetri-
num.   Also, Potass.
  Potash of Commerce,  Potassa  impu'ra, Im-
pure potaesa, Alu'men cati'num, Cin'eree Rue'eiei,
Subcar'bonae potae'ea impu'rus, Potae'ea car'bo-
nae impurue,  Lix'ivue cinie,  the  Pearlaah of
commerce, is prepared from  the ashes of land-
plants by calcination, solution  in water, filtration,
and evaporation.  It usually  consists of subcar-
bonate of potassa,  sulphate of potassa, chloride
of potassium, silex, oxide  of iron, Ac.
   From the ashes of lees of wine, and from vine-
twigs, a much  purer  alkali  is  obtained.  It i3
called Cinie infiecto'riue seu facum,  Cin'eree cla-
vella'ti seu gravella'ti, Alu'men facum, (F.) Cen-
dree gravelSee ou de earment.
   Another variety  of  the alkali is afforded  by
burning argol in a  crucible"; afterwards powder-
ing and calcining it, till it is nearly white ; then
dissolving in water, filtering, and evaporating.  It
is called Salt of Tartar, Sal Tar'tari, Kali prat-
para'turn e  tar'taro, K. e tartaro,  Subcnr'bovas
potassa puris'simus, Potae'ea subcar'bonae e tar'-,
taro.   Lastly, when wormwood is burnt to  ashes,
dissolved in water, filtered, and  evaporated to
dryness, it affords  another  variety  of vegetable
alkali, the Sal absin'thii or Salt of  wormwood.
   Impure potash is used for  preparing the sub-
carbonate for medical  use.
   POTASS, Potassa fusa, Potash.  The protoxide
of potassium.
   POTASSA, ACETATE OF, Potassae acetas —
p. Bichromate of, Potassae bichromas — p.  Bisul-
phate of, Potassae supersulphas—p. Bitartrate of,
Potassae supertartras — p. Carbonate of, Potassae
carbonas — p.  Carbonate of,  pure,  see Potassai
subcarbonas—p. Caustica cum calce, Potassa cum
calce—p. Chlorate of, Potassre murias hyperoxy-
genatus — p. Chromate of, Potassa? chromas — p.
Chromate of, neutral, Potassae chromas—p. Chro-
mate of, yellow, Potassae chromas.
   Potas'sa cum Calce, P. ope calcis pm-a'ta et
igne fiuaa, Potaeea caitat'ica cum calce, Potass with
lime,  Calx cum kali puro,  Caue'ticum  commii'ne
fior'tiue,  Lapie infierna'lie sive eep'tiens. Kali
caue'ticum cum calce, Lapie caua'ticite, (F.) Potnase.
prSparSe avec la chaux, P. d  In Chaux, Pierre a
caute're.  (Potaeea, Calcie aa t^j.   Rub together,
and keep in  a well-stopped  bottle.—Ph.  U. ?.)
Used for the same purposes as the.next, but more
manageable ;  being less deliquescent
   Potassa,  Euchlorate of,  Potasses  murins
hyperoxygenatus — p.  Ferrocyanate of, Potassii
ferrocyanuretim— p  Ferroprussiate of, Potassa
cyanuretum. 
POTASS.E  ACETAS
   Potassa  Fusa,  Potaaea, Kali, caue'ticum  seu
 purum, Fueed potaae,  Al'kali vegetab'ile fixum
 cana'ticum,  Caiia'ticum  commii'ne acer'rimuni, C.
 alkali'num seu commu'ne seu potentia'le seu Sali'-
 tnim, Hydrae ka'licum, H. potae'ea pura fusa,
 Potosaa hydras,  Lapie  caua'ticite seu  cauaticiis
 chirurgo'rum seu inferna'lie  alrali'nne seu sep'ti-
 cne, Rupto'rium commu'ne, Fixed veg"etuble alkali,
 Hydrate  ofi  Potassa,   (F.)  Potasse  caustique.
 (Prepared by  evaporating solution  of potass to
 dryness in an  iron vessel.)  This preparation is
 generally run intocylindrical moulds,covered with
 paper,  and kept  in  well-corked vessels.  It is
 powerfully  escharotic,  and is  used  for forming
 issues, curing strictures, Ac
    Potassa, Fused, Potassa fusa—p. Hydriodate
 of. Potassa? hydriodas — p. Hydrobromate of, see
 Bromine—p. Hydrocyanate of, Potassii cyanure-
 tum— p. Hypermanganate  of,  Potassae  hyper-
 manoranas—p. Hyperoxalas, Potass, oxalate of—
 p.  Hypertartras,   P. supertartras — p.  Impura,
  Potash  of commerce — p. and  Iron, tartrate of,
 Ferrum tartarizatum—p. with Lime, Potassa cum
  calce — p. Liquida, Liquor potassae — p. Mephite
  of, Potassae subcarbonas — p.  Monochromate of,
  Potassae chromas—p. Muriate of, Potassae murias
  — p. Nitrate of, Potassae  nitras — p. Ope calcis
 parata et igne fusa, Potassa cum calce — p. Oxy-
 rauriate of, Potassae murias hyperoxygenatus—p.
  Permanganate  of, Potassae  permanganas — p.
  Prussiate  of, Potassii  ferrocyanuretum — p.  and
 Soda, tartrate  of,  Soda, tartrate of—p. Subcar-
 bonate  of, Potassae subcarbonas — p. Sulphate of,
  Potassae sulphas — p. Sulphate  of, acid, Potassae
  supersulphas—p. Sulphuret of, Potassae sulphure-
  tum— p. Supercarbonate of, Potassae carbonas —
t p.  Supersulphate  of, Potassae  supersulphas — p.
  Supertartrate  of,  Potassae supertartras — p. Tar-
  trate of, Potassae  tartras.
    POTAS'SiE ACE'TAS, Oxytar'tarue, Acetas
  kali seu  lixiv'ia  seu  ka'licum,  Al'kali tar'tari
  nce'to eatura'tum, A. vegetab'ile cum aceto, Magie-
  te'riutr, tartari purgane, Terra folia'ta  Tartari,
  Kali aceta'tum,  Sal diuret'icue  seu  Senner'ti,
  Arca'num tartari, Ac"etate ofi potaee, (F.) AcState
  de potasse.  (Acid, acetic. Oj, Potassa carbon,  q. s.
  Mix and add, by degrees, enough acetic acid to
  saturate  the alkali; then filter  and  evaporate
  till a pellicle is formed, which is to be dried upon
  bibulous paper; evaporate again in a water-bath,
  and," removing the pellicles, dry. — Ph.  U. S.)
    It is cathartic  and diuretic.  Dose, Jj to Jij,
  or more.
    Potassa  et Alumina  Sulphas, Alumen —
  p.  Biantimonias,  Antimonium   diaphoreticum —
  p.  Bicarbonas, Potassae carbonas.
    Potas'SjE  Bichro'mas, Kali,  chro'micum  ru-
  brum seu ac"idum seu  bichro'mieum, Bichro'mate
  ofi potas'sa.  Procured by adding sulph uric,  ni-
  tric, or acetic acid  to a solution of the neutral
  chromate, and setting it aside to crystallize.  It
  is  a  violent irritant poison; and has been used
  as a caustic in cases of morbid growths, in the
  proportion of from half a drachm to a drachm of
 the salt to from an ounce to an ounce and a half
 of water.
    Potassa Bisulphas, P. supersulphas—p. Bi-
 tartras, P. supertartras.
    Potass^  Car'bonas, Kali aSra'tum, Bicar'-
 bonas potassa, Potas'sa bicar'bonas (Ph. U.  S.,
 L., E.,  A D.),  Deutocarhonaa potaeeii, Carbonate,
 bicar bonate or ettpercar'bonote  of potaean.  This
 is  not  caustic, like  the subcarbonate  of potass,
 and hence, has been preferred to relieve acidity.
 [Potaae. carbon. Ibiv, Aqua deatillat. Ox.  Pass
 carbonic  acid  through the solution until it is
 saturated,  and filter.  Evaporate at a heat  not
 exceeding lfiO°, and dnn the crystals on bibulous
 paper.  Carbonic  acid  is obtained from  marble
9                POTASSA
 by the addition of dilute sulphuric acid. — Ph,
 U. S.)  Dose, gr. x to Jss.   It is used in forming
 the soda powders,  as well as for its antacid pro-
 perties.
   Distillers  and brewers prepare  this salt  with
 great facility by suspending a solution of the puri-
 fied  carbonate of potaaea in the fermenting tun.
 The  alkaline salt is thus surrounded by an atmo-
 sphere of carbonic acid ; and by absorbing it, it
 crystallizes into biearbonate. The salt in powder
 is called eat aeratue.  Its composition is between
 that  of a carbonate and of a bicarbonate.
   Potassje Carbonas,  P. subcarbonas — p. Car-
 bonas e Lixivo Cinere,  P. subcarbonas — p. Car-
 bonas  impurus, P.  subcarbonas — p.  Carbonas
 purus, Pure carbonate of potassa, see  P. subcar-
 bonas— p. Chloras, P.  murias hyperoxygenatus
 —p.  Chloruretum oxydatum, P. murias hyperoxy-
 genatus.
   Potas'sa Chromas,  Kali chro'micum flavum
 seu neutra'le, Neutral yellow Chromate  or Mono-
 chromate  of potaaea.   Prepared  by  igniting a
 mixture of four parts of native chromite of iron
 (chrome iron ore)  and one part of nitre ; dissolv-
 ing  out the chromate of potassa  by water,  and
 crystallizing.  It has been used as an emetic, ex-
 pectorant and  diaphoretic.   Dose, as an emetic,
 from two to four grains; as  an expectorant, from
 Jth to i grain.   In the  proportion of one drachm
 to 32 ounces of water, it has been  used as an an-
 tiseptic wash — called by Jacobson, Liquor con-
 aerra'trix.
    Potassa Citras, Citrate ofi potaeea.  (Arid.
 citric. 5;x, Potase. bicarb. ,^xiv, Aq. q. s.   Dis-
 solve the acid in  the water; and after efferves-
 cence has ceased, strain and evaporate to dryness.
 The  salt is deliquescent, and  must be  kept  in
 well-stopped bottles.   Ph.  U.  S.)   It  possesses
 the  refrigerant properties  of  the neutral salts,
 and  may be given in  fever, when  to do little  or
 nothing is the most advisable course. Dose, gr. x
 to Jss.
   Potassa et Ferri Tartras, Ferri tartariza-
 tum— p. Hydras,  Potassa fusa.
   Potass.*: Hydri'odas, Potassa Protohydri'o-
 das,  Potas'sii protox'idi hydri'odas, Kali Hydri-
 odin'icum seu Hydriod'icum, Hydriodae Ka'licne,
 Hydriodate ofipotass, (F.) Hydriodate de potasse.
 If a solution of potass  be poured on  iodine, an
 iodate and  hydriodate  are  formed.  These may
 be separated by means of  alcohol, which  only
 dissolves the latter of these salts.   The hydrio-
 date, or rather the Podide ofi Potas'sium, Kalium
 Ioda'tum, Potassii Iodure'tum seu Io'didum, (F.)
 Iodure de potassium, may be obtained by evapo-
 ration.  When the Iodide of potaseium is  dis-
 solved in water, it becomes the  Hydriodate of
 Potassa.  The  following is the formula in the
 Ph.  U. S.  Potaee. 3jvj ; lodin. in pulv. Jfxvj ;
 Carbon, ligni in pulv. subtiliss. ^ij ; Aq. bullient.
 Oiij.  Dissolve the potassa in the  water: add the
 iodine gradually,  stirring until the solution be-
 comes colourless, and continue the additions until
 the liquid remains slightly coloured from excess
 of iodine.  Evaporate to dryness, stirring in the
 charcoal towards the close.  Rub to powder,  and
 heat to dull redness in  an  iron crucible, keeping
 up the temperature for 15 minutes.  When cool,
 dissolve out the saline matter with pure water,
 filter the solution, evaporate  and  set  aside  to
 crystallize.  By evaporating and crystallizing  as
 before, an additional quantity of crystals may be
 obtained.   Virtues, —those of icdine.
   Potass^ Mu'RlAS, Sal Digeeti'vue seu febrif.
 ugite Sylvii, Spir'itua salt's mari'ni coagnla'tus,
 Muriate of Potaae.  Bitter and refrigerant.
   Potass^ Mit'rias Hyperoxygena'tus,  Po-
 taaea Chlorite seu oxymu'riae, Oxymu'riate, Hy-
. pemxymu'riate, Chlorate or Euchlo'rate of potaee, 
POTASS-E                 750                POTASSE
Protoclil'i'rate  of potae'eium,  Alcali  vegetab'ile
anli'to-ilephlogistica'tum,  Chlorure'tum  potae'ea
f.iyda'tiiiii,  Halo'i'dum  oxygena'tum,  Oxyge'no-
Clilorure'tum potas'sii. Kali chlo'ricum,  Chlorns
Ka'liens depitra'ttte, (F.) Chlorate de potaaee.  It
has been regarded as antineuropathie, and as an
alterative purifier of the blood and humours.  It
is of doubtful efficacy.  Dose, 3 f<> 6 grains or more.
  Potass.e Nitras,  Nitrate  ofi  Potass, Nitriim,
N. prismat'icum, Sal nitmm, Nitre, Saltpetre, Sul
petra, Snlae'do mucrum, Sanguin'ea, Berenic"inm,
Hal'tni'triim, Protoni'trate ofi  Potaa'sium, Nitrate
ofi protox'ide.  ofi Potassium, Kali nitricum,  Ni-
tras  ka'liens seu lixiv'ia, Az'otaa potaa'sicua, (F.)
Nitrate, on Azotate de potaaee.  Obtained from the
putrefaction of animal matters,  in contact  with
calcareous or  alkaline  earths, by elixiviation;
adding, if necessary, wood-ashes  to  supply the
alkaline basis.  It is formed,  in an impure  state,
by nature, in warm climates.
  It  is  diuretic and refrigerant,  and,  in  large
doses, purgative; externally,  cooling  and deter-
gent.  Do*e, gr. x to Jj.    In large  doses it  is
an acrid poison.
  Potass.*: Nitras Fusus Sulpha'tis Paucil'lo
Mixtus,  Sal   prunella,  Crystallus  minera'lie,
Nitrae potas'sa cum sulphure fittsua, Nitrum tabtt-
la'tum,  Lapie  Prunella,  Aiiod'ynuin minera'le,
Sore-throat ealt, Min'eral crystal.   Nitrate  of
potass, mixed with a little sulphate of potass and
run into moulds.  Its properties are those of nitre.
  Potiss.i; Ox'alas, Ox'alae  Acid'ulum Potae'-
ea seu Potae'ea acid'ulue seu ba'aicue, Sitperox'-
alaa ka'licum  seu Potaaea, Hyperoxalae Potaaea,
Sal Acetosella, Oxa'lium,  Kali oxal'icum acid'u-
lum, Ox'alae subpotas'eictte, Superox'alate of Pro-
tox'ide of Potas'sium, Oxalate of Potaae, Salt ofi
Sorrel,  (F.) Sel iloeeille, Sel d detacher.   Pre-
pared from the  juice of wood sorrel.  It  is re-
frigerant, and is used to make lemonade, Ac
  Potassa Oxalas Acidulum, Potass, oxalate
of—p.  Oxymurias, P. murias hyperoxygenatus.
  PoTASSiE  Pehman'ganas,  Perman'gunate  ofi
potas'sa,  Hy perm an''gannte ofi potaasa, ha3  been
given in  cases  of diabetes.  Dose, from  gr. ij to
gr.  v, three times a day.  It has  been  prescribed,
also, in obstinate dyspepsia.
  Potass^ Protohydhiodas, P. hydriodas—p.
Purae fusae hydras,  Potassa  fusa — p.  et  Sodae
tartras, Soda, tartrate of.
  Potassae Subcar'bonas,  P.  Car'bonae  (Ph.
U. S.), P. carbonae e Lixi'vo  Cin'ere, Subcar'bo-
nas Kali, Car'bonae Potaeea, Kali prapara'tiim,
Sal  Herba'rum  seu Planta'rum seu Tar'tari seu
Abain'thii,  Calca'reoua  Tartar, Subcarbonate. or
Mephite ofi Potaee, Ac.  (See Potash.)  A filtered
solution  of the impure attbearbouate,  Potae'ea
car'bonae impu'rus  (Ph. U. S.),  Pearl-aeh (see
Potash), evaporated  to  dryness.  This deliques-
cent salt is given in the same eases as the potassae
carbonas, than which it is more caustic  and  dis-
agreeable.
  The Parisian codex has a Subcar'bonae Potae'ea
ex tar'taro combtta'to, vulgo Sal Tartari or Salt of
Tartar — (it is  the Potassa carbonae purue. Pure
Carbonate of Potaaea, Ph. U.  S.);  a Subcarbonaa
Potassa ex deflagran'tibus simul tar'trate  acid'uto
et Nitrate Potaasa parutue, vulgo Nitrum ex tar-
taro fixum ; and a Subcarbonaa potaeea ex defla-
gratt'te  cum Carbon'ibne Nitra'te Potaeaa para-
tua, vulgo Nitrum fixum.  They are all used like
the preceding.
  PoTASSiE Subcarbonas Impurus,  Potash  of
commerce.
  Potass.* Sulphas. Kali vitriola'tum seu eul-
phu'ricum, Sttlphae Kali Lixiv'ia vitriola'ta, Ni-
trum vitriolatum Schroederi,  Sal Sapien'tia seu
Tar'tari Sutphura'tttm seu Polychree'ttta,  Specif-
icum Paracelsi, Splritua  vitrioli   coagula'tua
I Mynaich/i, Al'kali vegeta'bile  vitriolatum, Sal de
 dnobue, Area'num duplica'tum, 7'nr'ttirinit vitrio-
I latum, Panace'a Ducie Holsa'tia seu  dnpln-a ta,
 Sulphate of Potaae,  Protosulph'ate  of  Potti-'-
 aittm, (F.) Sulfate de potasse.   (The salt, that re-
 mains after the distillation  of nitric acid,  dis-
 solved;  the excess of acid saturated with subcar-
 bonate of potass and crystallized.)   Purgative
 and diuretic.   Dose, Jss to Jj as a lnxruive.   In
 a large dose it has proved an irritant poi.-on.
    Potassae Sulphas cum  Sul'pihiie, Sal I'oty-
 chree'tue Glase'ri, Lixiv'ia Vitriola'ta  Snlphu'mi.
> (Formed by deflagrating nitrate of pot:iss with
! sublimed  sulphur.)  Same virtues  as the last.
 Dose, gr. xv to xxx.
    Potassa Sulphuretum, Potassii sulphuretum
 — p. Superoxalas, Potassae oxalas.
    Potassae Supersul'phas,  P. Bieulphae,  Sol
 cnix'iiin seu febrif'ugiie of Lem'ery, Supeixnlphitte
 of Potaee, Acid Sulphate or Biaitlphate of Putties,
 Sitper-protoeulphiite of Potae'aiuni, (F.) Bisulfite
 de Potnaae.  (The salt remaining after the  distil-
 lation  of nitric  acid,  dissolved, strained,  and
 crystallized.)   It  is refrigerant and  purgative.
 Dose, Jss to Jij.
    Potassae Supertar'tras Impu'rus, Tar'tarus
I crttdtts,  Tar'tarum, Lapis vini, Magneti'nue,  Pe-
I ditgra, Tartar,  (F.)  Tartre  cru ou brut.  It is
 called, also,  Tartarum  rubrum and  Red Argol,
 when obtained from red wines; Tartarum  album
 or White Argol, when from white wines.   Tartar
 is the saline  deposit from wines as tbey become
 aged; which  attaches  itself  to the sides of  tbe
 casks and bottles  in  which  they are kept.  It
 consists of a considerable  quantity of acidulous
 tartrate of potass, tartrate of lime, silica,  alumen,
 oxyd  of  iron,  manganese, and a red colouring ,
 matter, if the  wine be red.  It is chiefly  u.-ed for
 the  preparation of cream of tartar.
    Potasses Supertar'tras,  P. hypertar'traa, P.
  Bitur'traa  (Ph. U. S.) seu tartraa  nc"idn, Crya-
 tcd-'li Tar'tari, Tartraa Acid'ulue Potaasa purue,
  T. superpotaa'eictte,  T. 8iibpotaa'aicitx, Snpertnr'-
 trate of Protox'ide ofiPotaa'aittm, Biturtriite or Su-
 pertartrate ofi Potaaa, Cryatala ofi Tartar, Creator
  Tar'tari,  Cream  ofi  Tartar (when  in powder),
 Supertar'trate ofi Potass, (F.) Tartrate acide de
  potasse, Crime de Tartre.  (The. tartar  of wine
 purified.)   It  requires 60 parts of water at  60°
 to dissolve it.   It is mildly purgative, refrigerant
 and diuretic.   Dissolved in water, with  a small
 quantity of white  wine, some  sugar and lemon-
 peel, it forms an  agreeable  beverage in febrile
 diseases, under the name of Imperial.  Dose, as
 a diuretic, Jj to Jij ; as a purgative, ^ss  to t^j.
    Potass^ Tartras, Kali tartarizn'tum, Alcali
 fixum tartarisatum, Tar'tarum solu'bile, Tartarus
 tartariza'tua,   LixivHa  Tartariaa'ta,  Sal  Pan-
 chrea'tttm, Tartras Kali'nus seu lixiv'ia, Sal.vege-
 tab'ilie, Alkali vegetab'ile tartarizatum, Tartrate
 of Potaae.  Soluble Tartar, (F.) Tartrate de  Po-
 taaee.  (Potaeea  carbon, ^xvj;  Potassa Bitar-
 trat. in pulv.  subtiliss. Ibiij, vel q. s., aqua bitlli-
 entie, cong.  Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in
 the  water, add the bitartrate to saturation,  and
 boil;  filter, evaporate till  a pellicle  forms,  and
 set aside to crystallize.   Pour off the liquid;  dry
 the  crystals  on  bibulous paper,  and keep in
 closely-stopped  bottles. — Ph. U. S.) A  saline
 cathartic in the dose of Jij to ^j.
    Potass.*: Tartras Acida. P. supertartras—p.
 Tartras acidulus purus, P. supertartras — p. Tar-
 tras stibialis seu stibiosus, Antimonium tartariza-
i turn,
    POTASSE, AC £ TATE DE, Potassae  acetas
 — p.  Bieulphate  de, Potassae  supersulphas—p.
J Cattetique,  Potassa. fusa—p. d la Choux, Potassa
|| cum calce — p. Chlorate /de, Potassa-  murias hy-
I peroxygenatus— p. Hydriodate de, Potassae hy- 
POTASSII  BROMIDUM       7
driodas—p. Liquide, Liquor potassae—p. Nitrate
de, Potassas nitras —p. PrSparSe avec  la chaux,
Potassa cum calce—p. et de Sonde, tartrate de,
Soda, tartrate of—p. Sulfate de, Potassae sulphas
—p. Sulfure de, Potassii  sulphuretum—p. Tar-
trate de, Potassaa tartras—p. Tartrate  acide de,
Potassae supertartras.
  POTAS'SII  BRO'MIDUM,  Potas'sa  Jtydro-
bro'mai, Bromide ofi potaesium,  (F.)'Bromure de
Potassium.  (Bromin, t^ij ; Ferri fid, ^j ; Potass.
carbon, ^fij and Jj, vel q. s.; Aq. destillat., Oiv.
Add the iron filings and bromine to a pint and a
half of the water;  stirring for half an hour.  Ap-
ply a gentle heat, and when  the liquor assumes
a greenish colour, add gradually the carbonate of
potassa, dissolved in Oiss of the water, until  it
ceases to cause a precipitate.  Continue the heat
for half an hour, and filter.  Wash the precipitate
with the remaining water, boiling hot, and filter.
Mix the liquors and crystallize by evaporation.—
Ph. U.  S.)  Virtues : — those of  iodide  of iron.
  Potassii Cyanidum, P. Cyanuretum.
  Potassii Cyanuue'tum,  P. Cyan'idum,  Cya-
nuret ofi Potassium, Hydrocy'anate  ofi Potassa.
(Potassii Ferrocyanur.,  in  pulv. 5viij ; Potass.
Carbonat.  exsiccat, ^iij.  Mix intimately and
throw into  a  deep iron crucible, heated to red-
ness ; keep up  the heat till effervescence  ceases,
and the fused  mass concretes,  of a pure white
colour,  upon a warm glass  rod  dipped into  it;
then  pour out the liquid carefully into  a shallow
dish to solidify, stopping before  the salt becomes
contaminated with the precipitated iron.  Break
up  the mass whilst warm, and preserve in well-
stopped bottles.—Ph. U.  S.)  Used  in  the same
cases as the hydrocyanic acid.   Dose,  a quarter
of a grain.
  Potassii Deuto-carbonas, Potassae  carbonas.
  Potassii Ferrocyanure'tum, P. Ferrocy an'-
idum, Ferrocy'anide or Ferrocyan'uret  ofi Potas-
sium, Ferrocy'anate  or Ferroprueeiate or Pruaai-
ate ofi Potaeea, (F.) Protocyanure jaune de fer et
de potaeeium, Cyanure defer et de potaeeium. The
yellow  double  cyanuret  of potassium  and  iron,
the salt from which the cyanuret of potassium is
obtained by calcination.  It is not much used in
medicine.   It has  been advised as an astringent
in the colliquative sweats of  phthisis, in leucor-
rhoea, Ac;  but it does not seem  to be  possessed
of much activity.   Dose, 10 or 15 grains every
four or five hours.
  Potassii Hydrar'gyro-iod'idum, Potassa lo-
dohydrar' gyras, Hydrargyrum bi iodatum cum kalio
iodato, Kalium iodatum  hydrargyratttm,  lodhy-
drar'gyrate or Hydrargyro-iodide of Potassium.
This  salt is made by the combination  of iodide
of potaeeium with  red  iodide of mercury.  Its
properties  are  similar  to  those of the iodides of
mercury, but in a less degree.
 • Potassii Iodidum, Potassae hydriodas — p. Io-
duretum, Potassae hydriodas — p. Oxygeno-chlo-
ruretum, Potassa; murias hyperoxygenatus — p.
Protoxidi hydriodas, Potassae hydriodas.
  Potassii Sulpho-cyanure'tum, Sulpho-cyan'-
uret of Potae'sium.   This salt has been  prepared
as a substitute  for hydrocyanic acid, and  cyanu-
ret of potassium, on the ground  of its possessing
their advantages without  their inconveniences.
  Potassii Sulphure'tum, Potae'ea Sulphure'-
tum seu tereulphure'tum, Kali eulphuretuni, Hepar
Stilph'uris,  It. sulphuris  sail num sou eulph'urie
vttlga're,  Sulphure'tum  lixiv'ia  seu   ka'licum,
Liver of Sulphur, Sulphuret of Potass,  (F.) Sul-
fure  de potaeee, Sulfure de potassium sulfite,
Foie de Soufire. (Sulphur. fA. Potassa  carb. Jij.
Rub them  together, and place the mixture in a
covered crucible  upon the fire until they unite.
It has  been employed in affections of the  chest,
as an expectorant, in the dose of from Jss to Jj,
51     POTERIUM  SANGUISORBA
' largely diluted: but it-is chiefly used as a bath
 or wash in cases of itch, tinea capitis, and other
 cutaneous affections.)
   Potassii  Tersilphuretum, Potassii  sulphu-
 retum.
   POTASSIUM.   Same etymon as potash.  The
 metallic base of potassa.
   POTASSIUM, UROMURE DC, see Bromine
 —p. Cyanuret of, Potassii cyanurctuti)—p. Kerro-
 cyanide of, Potassii ferrocy anuietum— p. Ferro-
 cyanuret of, Potassii ferrocyanuretuin—p. Iodide
 of, Potasi-ie  hydriodas — p. Iodohydrargyrate of,
 Potassii hydmrgyro-iodidum—)i. Iodine de, Po-
 tassas hydriodas—p. Oxide of, Potass — p. Proto-
 arsenite of, Arsenite of protoxide of potassium—p.
 Protochlorate of. Potassa* murias  hyperoxygena-
 tus— p. Protonitrate of, Potassa' nitras — p. Pro-
 toxide of,  Potass—p. Protoxide of, nitrate of, Po-
 tassae nitras — p. Protoxide cf, superoxalate of,
 Potass, oxalate of—p. Protoxide of, supertartrate
 of,  Potassa;  supertartras — p. Protosulphate of,
 Potassa; sulphas—p. Sulfure  de, sulfate,  Potassii
 sulphuretum — p. Sulphuret of, Potassii  sulphu-
 retum— p. Superprotosulphate of,  Pot-issue super-
 sulphas.
   POTATO,  Solanum tuberosum.
   Potato •'ly, Lytta vittata.
   Potato, Hog, Convolvulus  panduratus.
   •Potato Oil, Oil, fusel.  Bydistilling potato oil
 with anhydrous phosphoric acid, a volatile color-
 less oily liquid is procured, which is lighter than
 water, and boils  at 102°.  This  is Am'ylene  01
 Am'ylen, (F.) Amy I en e.   It is best prepared from
 fusel oil by the action of chloride of zinc   Tbe
 vapour has been employed as an anaesthetic
   Potato, Spanish, Convolvulus  batatas —"a
 Sweet, Convolvulus batatas.
   Potato Vine, Wild, Convolvulus panduratus.
   Potato, Wild, Convolvulus panduratus.
   POTBELLY, Physconia.
   POTECARY, Apothecary.
   POTELEE, Hyoscyamus.
   POTENTIA, Force.'
   Poten'tia  seu Potes'tas Coeun'di, Capability
 of copulation.
   Potentia Generan'di.  The power  of procre-
 ation.
   Pqtentia Irritans, Stimulus.
   POTENTIAL,  Potentia'lis, (F.)  Potentiel;
 from potene, 'able.' An epithet for remedies which,
 although energetic,  do not act till sometime after
 their application.   The  caustic alkalies, for in-
 stance, are called Potential cauteriee in contradis-
 tinction to the hot iron, which is termed actual.
   POTENTILLA, P. reptans.
   Potentil'la Anseri'na, P. argenti'na seu im-
 po'lita seu neglec'ta, Argentina  vulgn'ria, Fra-
 ga'ria. aneerlna, Ar'gentine,  Chenobos'con, Ar-
 gentu'ria,  Anaerlna,  Silver Weed,  Wild Tansy,
 Mooryrase, (F.) Argentine, Potentille, Herbe aux
 oiee.  Ord.  Rosaceae.  The  leaves are mildly
 astringent and tonic.
   Potentilla Argentina, P. anserina — p. Im-
 polita, P.  anserina — p. Neglecta, P. anserina.
   Potentilla Norveg"ica, Norway Cinque-foil,
 an indigenous  plant, is possessed of similar pro-
 perties.
   Potentilla Palustris, Comarum palustre.
   Potentil'la Reptans, Pentaphyl'lum,  Fraga'-
 ria pentaphyl'lum,. Potentil'la,  Quinqiiefio'lium,
 Q. majus,  Common cinquefoil, (F.) Potentille ram-
 punte, Quintefeuille.  The roots are possessed of
 astringent properties.
   Potentilla Tormentilla,  Tormentilla.
   POTENTILLE,  Potentilla anserina—p. Ram
 pante, Potentilla reptans.
   POTENTIZING, see Dynamic.
   POTERIUM  SANGUISORBA,  Pimpinella
 saxifraga. 
POTESTAS COEUNDI        752                 FOULS
  POTESTAS COEUNDI, Potentia coeundi—p.
Generandi, Potentia gCnerandi.
  POTEX, Anus.
  POTHO.MOR'PHA PELTA'TA, Pothomor'phe
pelta'ta, (pothoe, and poptjij, 'shape,') Caapeba [?].
A  Brazilian plant,  Order, Pipcraceie, which is
posse.-sed  of diuretic properties,  and has  been
given in strangury.
  Pothomorpha Umbella'ta,  also called  Caa-
peba [?], is used in Brazil to modify nutrition, as
in  glandular affections, in which it is  also given
externally in the form of decoction.
  POTHOS F03TIDA, Dracontium foetidum—p.
Putorii. Dracontium foetidum.
  POTIMOS, Potable.
  POTIO,  Drink,  Haustus,  Potion—p.  Calcis
carbonatis, Mistura cretae — p. Elfervesccns anti-
emetica, Potion  of Riverius — p. Leniens, Looch
ex ovo — p. Oleosa, Looch ex ovo — p. Picea, see
Pinus sylvestris.
  POTION (F.),  Potio; from poto,  'I drink.'
Hydrate", Hydrolite.  A  liquid medicine, from 4
to  8 ounces or more in quantity, the composition
of which varies,  and which is administered in di-
vided doses.  It corresponds to the English mix-
ture.   See Mistura.
  POTION PECTORALE, Looch ex ovo.
  Potion  of  Rive'rius.   A mixture of Lemon
Juice  and  Subcarbonate of Potaa8, — generally
given in a state of  effervescence.  It is the Potio
effervee'cene anti-emet'ica dicta Rive'rii, of the
Parisian codex.  The name  in the codex indi-
cates its use.
  POTIONIS DESIDERIUM, Thirst.
  POT IRON, Cucurbita pepo.
  POTIUNCULA,  Haustus.
  POTOPARANffiA, Delirium tremens.
  POTOS, Potable.
  POTOTROMOPARANCEA, Delirium tremens.
  POTTINGAR, Apothecary.
  POTT'S CURVATURE, Vertebral disease.
  POTT'S DISEASE, Vertebral  disease.
   POTUS, Drink —p. Hippocraticus, Claret.
   POU, Pediculus.
   POUCE, Pollex, see Digitus.
   POUCHED, Encysted.
   POUCHES,   LARYNGEAL,  see  Laryngeal
pouches.
   POUDRE, Powder, Pulvis—p. Abaorbante et
anti-acide, Pulvis de magnesia compositus—p.
d'Alun compoaSe, Pulvis sulphatis  aluminae com-
positus— p. Antiarthritique  amire,  Pulvis de
amaris compositus—p.  Antiasthmatique,  Pulvis
de sulphure et scilla—p. Antimoniale compoaSe ou
de Jamee,  Antimonial powder—p. Aromatique,
Pulvis cinnamomi compositus—p. d'Aearum com-
poaSe  dite aternutatoire, Pulvis asari  compositus
—p. Bahamique, Pulvis myrrhae compositus—p.
de Birckmann, Pulvis de aro compositus —p. de
Blanchement,  Calcis chloridum—p.  de Cannelle
composSe ou aromatique, Pulvis cinnamomi com-
positus—p. Caetillon, see Powders, Castillon—p.
 Cathartique, Pulvis seammoneae compositus—p.
 Cauetique  du firlre  Coeme, Powder, arsenical, of
C8me—p. de Chypre, see Cladonia rangiferrina—
 p. du Comte de Palme, Magnesiae carbonas—p.
 Cornachine, Pulvis cornachini—p. de Come bru-
 ISe avec opium,  Pulvis cornu usti cum  opio — p.
 Coton, see Collodion—p. de Craie compoaSe, Pul-
 vis creta? compositus—p. de Craie compoaSe avec
 opium, see Pulvis cretaa compositus cum opio—p.
 de Dower, Pulvis ipecacuanhae compositus—p. du
 Due de Portland, Pulvis Ducis Portlandise__p.
 de Dupuytren, Powder  of Dupuytren —p. Gazi-
 fere  laxative,  Powders, Seidlitz —p. Gaziflre
 eimple, Powders,  soda—p. de Gomme adragant
 compoeSe, Pulvis tragacanthae compositus—p. de
 Gomme gtttte, Pulvis e gummi gutta—p. Hydra-
 gogue, Pulvis e  gummi gutta—p. Incieive, Pulvis
de sulphure et scilla—p. d'Ipecacuanha et opium,
Pulvis ipecacuanhae  compositus —p.  de Jalap
compoeSe, Pulvis jalapae compositus—p. de Kino
compoaSe, Pulvis kino compositus—p. de la Mi-
randole, Pulvis Ducis Portlandiae—p. de PSrard,
Pulvis de sennfl,  scammonea et lignis—p. de
Qnercetanue,  Pulvis e gummi gutta—p. de Roue-
eelot,  Powder, arsenical, of Come—p. de Saint
Ange, Pulvis  asari compositus—p. de Savon vSgS-
tale, Pulvis gummosus alkalinus—p.  de Scummo-
nSe compoaSe, Pulvis seammoneae compositus—p.
de Sedlitz, Powders, Seidlitz — p. de  SSnS compo-
aSe, Pulvis sennae comp.—p. de Sentinell!, Mag-
nesias carbonas—p. Styptique, Pulvis sulphatis
aluminae compositus.
  POUDRE  SUBTIL DE DELCROIX.   A
fashionable depilatory " for removing superfluous
hair in less than ten-minutes."  It is said to con-
sist of Quicklime and Sulphuret ofi Araenic, with
some vegetable powder. — Paris.
  POUDRE  TEMPERANTE DE STAHL,
Pulvis de sulphate  potassae compositus—p. de
Tennant, Calcis chloridum—p. de Valentini, Mag-
nesiae carbonas—p. Vermifuge mercurielle, Pulvia
e sulpbureto hydrargyro nigro et scammonio—p.
Vermifuge sans mercure, Pulvis ex helminthocorto
compositus.
  POUDRE  DE  ZWINGER,  Magnesiae  car-
bonas.
  POUGUES, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
alkaline waters are in the department of Nifivre,
France.  They contain  carbonic acid, carbonates
of soda, lime, and magnesia; chloride of sodium;
alumina, and silica, with protoxide of iron.
  POUKE, Papula.
  POU LAIN, Bubo.
  POULET,  VIN DE (F.) Pullet Wine.   A
disgusting preparation, made by infusing the ex-
crement of the pullet in white wine.  According
to Nysten, it is employed by the vulgar in France
in a  number of diseases, and especially in falls,
contusions, Ac.
  POULIOT,  Mentha pulegium.
   POULS, Pulse—p. Abdominal, Pulsus inferior
—p. dee Adultee, Pulse, natural—p. AgitS, Pulsus
fortis—p. Bae, Pulse, low—p. Capital, Pulse,
nasal—p. CombinS, Pulse, complex—p.Compliqui,
Pulse, complex—p. CompoaS, Pulse,  complex—p.
ConcentrS, Pulse, contracted—p. DSfiaillant,  Pul-
sus deficiens—p. DSprimS, Pulse, depressed—p.
DSveloppS, Pulse, developed — p. de la DiarrhSe,
Pulse, intestinal—p. Dur, Pulse, hard—p. ElevS,
Pulse, ardent—p.  EmbarraeeS, Pulsus intricatus
—p. de I'Eetomac,  Pulse,  stomachal—p. Etroit,
Pulsus  strictus—p. de VExpectoration, Pulse,
pectoral —p. Faible, Pulse, feeble —p. du Foie,
Pulse, hepatic—p. Grand, Pulse, large—p. Insen-
sible, Pulsus deficiens—p.  Intcrcadent, Pulse, in-
termittent—p. des Intestins, Pulse, intestinal—p.
Languissant, Pulse, languid—p. Lent, Pulse, slow
—p. de la Matrice, Pulsus uterinus—p. ModSrS,
Pulse, natural—p. Mou, Pulse, soft—p. de Nez,
Pulse, nasal—p. Ondoyant, Pulse, undulating —
 p. Ondulant, Pulse, undulating — p.  Palpitant,
Pulse, tremulous—p. Parfiait, Pulse, natural—p.
 Petit, Pulse, small— p. Plein,  Pulse, full— p.
 PrScipitS,  Pulse,  frequent—p. Prof on tl. Pulse,
deep—p. Prompt,  Pulse,  sharp — p. Rare, Pulse,
slow — p. Rebondissant, Pulsus dicrotus — p. Re-
double, Pulsus dicrotus—p. dee Reglee, Pulsus
uterinus — p. Roide, Pulse, tense — p. Serratile,
 Pulsus serrinus—p. SerrS, Pulse, contracted—p.
de la Sueur, Pulsus sudoralis —p. Tardif, Pulse,
slow—jb.  Tendu,  Pulse,  tense—p.  Tremblaiit,
 Pulse, tremulous— p. de lUrine,  Pulsus urinalis
—p. VShSment, Pulsus  fortis—p.  Ventral, Pulsus
inferior—jo.  Vide,  Pulsus  vacuus—p.  Vif, Pulse,
 sharp —p.  Vite, Pulse, sharp. 
POULTICE                753                   POX
  POULTICE, Cataplasm.  For different poul- |
tices, see Cataplasm and Cataplasma.
  POUNCE, Sandarac.
  POUND, Libra, Litra, Xtrpa,  Pondo, Pa-
ge'dia  (of  twelve  oz.), Barda'dia,  (F.)  Li vie,
from pondcre,  ' to weigh.'   A weight, consisting
of twelve ounces Troy,—sixteen ounces avoirdu-
pois.   See Weights and Measures.
  POURD-MILK, Colostrum.
  POURPIER CULT1 VE, Portulaca.
  POUR PRE, Purpura— p. Blanc, Miliary  fe-
 /er — p. de  Cassius, Purple of Cassius.
  POURRITURE, Putrefaction— p. d'Hdpital,
Hospital gangrene.
  POUS, Pes.
  POUSSE, Pursiness.
  POUSSEE, Lichen.
  P0 USSIERE TURERCULEUSE (F.),' Tu-
 berculous Dust.'  A name given by MM.  Rilliet
 and Barthez to fine white or yellow minute points
 of tuberculous matter occurring in myriads, so as
 to be likened to dust
  POVSSIF,  see Pursiness.
  POW. Head.
  POWDER,  Pulvis.
  Powder op  J3thio'pia, Guy's.  A once cele-
 brated  anthelmintic,  which  consisted of pure
 rasped tin,  mercury, and  eulphur,  triturated  to-
 gether.
  Powder  op Aloes, Compound, Pulvis  aloes
 compositus, Pulvis sulphatis aluminae compositus
 — p. of Aloes  with canella, Pulvis  aloes cum ca-
 Della — p.  Alum,  compound,  Pulvis  sulphatis
 aluminae compositus—p. Antimonial, Chenevix's,
 Antimonial  powder — p. Aromatic, Pulvis cinna-
 momi  compositus.
  Powder, Arsen'ical, op C6me, CSme's powder,
 (F.) Poudre caustique dufrire Cosine ou de Rous-
 selot — a caustic — is formed of arsenious acid,  gr.
 x:  red sulphuret ofi mercury, gr. xl; powdered
 animal charcoal, gr. x.  It is made  into a paste
 with mucilage.
  Powder, Arsen'ical, of Justamond, is made
 by  melting aulphuret of antimony  16  parts:
 nrsenioue acid 1 part, in a crucible.  When the
 mass is cold it must be reduced to powder, and
 five parts of extract of opium be added.
   Powder  of Arum,  compound,  Pulvis de aro
 compositus—p. of Asarabaeca, compound, Pulvis
 asari compositus—p. of Bladder-wrack,  yellow,
 Pulvis  quercfis marinae—p.  Bleaching,  Calcis
 chloridum—p. Camboge, Pulvis e gummi gutta—
 p. Cardinal del Lugo's, Cinchona—p. Castillon,
 see Powders, Castillon—p. of Catechu, compound,
 Pulvis  Catechu compositus—p. of Chalk, com-
 pound, Pulvis cretae compositus — p. of Chalk
 with ep'um, compound, Pulvis  cretae compositus
 rum Dpio—p. of Cinnamon, compound,  Pulvis
 cinnamomi  compositus — p. C6me's, Powder arse-
 nical of C6me — p. of Contrayerva, compound,
 Pulvis  contrayervao compositus — p. Countess's,
 'Jinchona—p.  Countoss of Kent's, Cantidnus pul-
 ri8 — p. Cyprus, Hibiscus abelmoschus — p. Do-
 ver's, Pulvis ipecacuanhas compositus.
   Powder op Dupuytren (Caustic;) (F.) Pou-
 dre de  Dupuytren, formed of 1  part of arsenious
 aeiil and 200 parts of mild chloride  of mercury.
 A mild and manageable  caustic for causing  an
 eschar on exposed surfaces, and in lupus, Ac.
  Powder, Earl op Warwick's, Pulvis corna-
 chini — p. of Ethiopia,  Powder  of ^Ethiopia.
  Powder  of Faynard.   A celebrated  powder
for arresting  hemorrhage,  said to  be  nothing
more than the charcoal of beech wood finely pul-
verized.
  Powder,  Fbver, Schwanberg's, Antimonial
powder.                                      li
       48
   Powder-Folder, In Pharmacy, an apparatus
 by which papers containing powders are  folded
 of the desired length.
   Powder, Ginger-beer, see Amomum zingiber
 —p. Gout, Duke of Portland's, Pulvis Ducis Port-
 landiae— p. Gray, Hydrargyrum cum creta. — p.
 of burnt Hartshorn with opium,  Pulvis  cornu
 cervi cum opio—p. of Ipecacuanha, compound,
 Pulvis  ipecacuanhae  compositus — p. of  Jalap,
 compound, Pulvis jalapae compositus—p-. James's
 factitious, Antimonial powder — p. Jesuit's, Cin-
 chona— p. of Kino, compound, Pulvis kino com-
 positus.
   Powder, Knox's.  A disinfecting preparation,
 composed  of  eight parts  of chloride of end turn,
 and three parts of chlorinated lime.  An  ounce,
 dissolved in a tumblerful of water, forms a solu-
 tion of proper strength.
   Powder of Lemonade, see Lemonade — p. of
 Magnesia, compound, Pulvis de magnesia com-
 positus— p. of the  Marquis, Marehionis pulvis—
 p. Mead's, against the bite of a Mad dog,  Pulvis
 antilyssus—p. Myrrh, compound, Pulvis myrrhaa
 couij'ositus—p. Portland, Pulvis Ducis Portlandiae
 —p. of Rhubarb, compound,Pulvis rhei compositus
 —p. Saline, compound, Pulvis salinus compositus
 — p. of the three Sanders, see  Diatrium — p.
 Scammony and aloes, Pulvis scammonii cum aloe
 — p. Scammony, compound, Pulvis scammoniaa
 compositus—p. of Senna,  compound. Pulvis sen-
 nae compositus—p. Sneezing, see Veratrum album
 —p. Spruce beer, see Spruce beer—p. of Sympathy,
 Sympathetic powder — p. Talbor's,  Cinchona —
 — p. Tennant's,  Calcis  chloridum—p. Tonquin,
 Pulvis cobbii—p.  Tooth, Dentifrice — p. Tra-
 gacanth, compound, Pulvis tragacanthae  compo-
 situs.
   Powder, Vien'na, is composed of equal parts
 of quicklime and potassa cum calce.  In using
 it, it is  made into a paste—  Vienna paste, (F.)
 Caustique de Vienne, Pdte Caustique de Vienne—
 —with spirits of wine, and is applied on the dis-
 eased  part, previously circumscribed by  a hole
 cut in a sticking plaster.
   To be left on from 10 to 20 minutes, according
 to the depth  of the eschar required.   Used in
 cases of lupous ulceration.
   By fusing the potass and lime, and raising the
 heat so as to cause  ebullition, the  caustic may be
! run into cylinders :—when it is called Caustique-
 Filhos,* Caus'ticum  Viennen'se fusum Filhos, from
 the name of the author of the process.
   Powders, Castillon, or Castilhon, so called
 from the name of the physician who first proposed
 them. They are formed of sago, in powder; salep,
I in powder; tragacanth,  in powder, each, four
 parts ; prepared oyater-ahella, one part, cochineal,
 half a part, divided into powders of one drachm
 each : one of which is given three or four times
 a day as a demulcent in diarrhoea and dysentery.
 Dorvault makes poudre de Caetilhon synonymous
 with arrow root.
    Powders, Soda, Pulveree effervescen'tes, (F.)
 Poudrea gazifih-ee  simples.  (Soda carb. Jss, in
 each blue paper; tartaric acid, gr. xxv, in each
 white paper; for half a pint of water.) A pleasant,
 cooling  drink;  taken during the effervescence.
    Seidlitz Powders, (F.) Poudres gaziferes laxa-
 tives ou  Poudree de Sedlitz, contain one or two
 drachms of tartrate of potassa and  soda, added
 to the alkali in blue paper.
    POWER, Faculty—p. Inherent Irritability—
 p. Sensorial, see Sensorial—p. Tonic, Irritability.
   POX, Syphilis, Variola—p. Chicken, Varicella.
   Pox Doctor, Syphilidiater.
   Pox, French, Syphilis—p. Grease, see Grease
 —p. Horn, see Varicella—p. Noddle, Sjphiloma-
 nia—p. Small, Variola—p. Swine, see Varicella
 —p. Water, see Varicella. 
POZZUOLI,  MINERAL  WATERS OF  7 54
PREDISPOSITION
  POZZUOLI, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Poz-'
Euoli is in the neighbourhood of Naples.   The
springs are, 1. Aqua delta pietra. Temp. 91° Fah. I
2. Acqua di Cavalcanti, Temp. 100°.  A. di eub- j
veni homiui, Temp. 102° ; A. del cantarello, Temp. '
86 to 89°; and that of the Temple of Serapis in
Pozzuoli, Temp. 102 to 107°.   The last contains
carbonic acid, carbonates of lime, magnesia, alu-
mina, and iron,  carbonate of soda, chloride  of
sodium, sulphate of lime, and silica.
  PRACTICE OF  PHYSIC,  Therapeutics.
  PRACTITIONER, GENERAL, Surgeon  apo-
thecary—p. Irregular, See Irregular—p. Regular,
see Regular—p. Routine, Routinist.
  PRJE.  In composition, means ' before.'
  PRiEBIUM, Dose.
  PRjECAUTIO, Prophylaxis.
  PRiECIPITANS,  Absorbent—p.  Magnum,
Sepia.
  PRACIPITATUM  ALBUM, Hydrargyrum
praecipitatum.
  PRiECIPITATUS  RUBER, Hydrargyri ni-
trico-oxydum.
  PRACISIO PRAPUTII,  Circumcision.  *
  PRACOCIA, Prunus Armeniaca.
  PR2ECOCITY, Precocity.
  PRACOGNITIO, Prognosis.
  PRiECORD'IA,  from pra,  and cor,  cordis,
'the heart'  The diaphragm; also, the thoracic
viscera, and the epigastrium.
  Pr^jcor'dial  or Precordial  Region, Re'gio
pracordiaca seu pracordia'lis, is the epigastric
region.  Also, and more properly, the  region of
the heart.  A  line drawn from the inferior  mar-
gins of the third ribs across  the sternum, passes
over the valves of the pulmonary artery a  little
to the left of  the  mesial line,, and those of the
aorta are behind them, but  about half an  inch
lower down.  A vertical line, coinciding with the
left margin of the sternum,  has about one-third
of the heart, comprising the upper portion of the
right ventricle, on the right, — and two-thirds,
comprising the lower portion of the right ventri-
cle and the whole of the left, on the left.   This
is the precordial region.
   PRiECORDIUM, Foseette  du coeur—p. Pedis,
Metatarsus.
  PRECOX MATURITAS, Precocity.
  PRACUSTODIA, Prophylaxis.
  PRADIASTOLICUS, Prediastolic.
  PRiEDICTIO, Prognosis.
  PRiEDISPOSITIO, Predisposition.
   PRADIVINATIO, Mantia.
  PRiEDOMIN'IUM.from pra, and domo, domi-
tum, ' I subdue.'  Predominance of one thing over
another.
   Pr^domin'ium  AqUjE.  A predominance  of
watery fluid, — Tenu'itae aquo'ea.
   Pr;ED0minium San'guinis Arterio'si.  A pre-
dominance of arterial  blood, Arterioe'itae  ean'-
guin ie.
   Pr^edomin'ium San'guinis Veno'si, Venoe'itae
San'guinie.  Predominance of venous blood.
   PRiEFOCATIO, Orthopnoea,  Suffocation —p.
Faucium, Angone—p. Matricis, Angone—p. Ute-
rina, Angone.
   PRJEFOCATION, Strangulatio uterina,
   PRAFORMAT10, Preformation.
   PRAGNANS, Pregnant.
   PRAGNAS, Pregnant.
   PR.EGNATIO,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy.
   PRjEGNATUS, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
   PR.EGNAX, Pregnant.
   PRjEGUSTATIO. Avant-gout.
   PRAHENSIO,  Prehensio.
   PR-ELIN'GUA.  The anterior part or tip of
the tongue.
   PRiELIUM. Coition, Press,  Tourniquet—p.
Arteriale, Tourniquet
  PR.ELUMBARIS, Prelumbar.
  PRiENOTIO, Prognosis.
  PR.EX1NTIATIO, Prognosis.
  PR/EPARATIO,  Preparation—p. Chyli, Chy-
lification.
  PRAEPARATUM. Preparation.
  PR.EPOTEN'TIA, from  pra,  and potehe,
'powerful,'  Great power or strength.
  Prjepoten'tia  Viri'lis.  Great, or tio great
procreative power on the part of the male.
  PRJ3POTIO, Propotistnus.
  PRiEPUTIALIS, Preputial.
  PR.-FPUTIUM, Prepuce.
  PR.ESAGIUM, Mantia.
  PR/ESCIEXTIA, Prognosis.
  PRiESCITIO, Prognosis.
  PR.ESCRIPTIO, Prescription.
  PRASCRIPTUM, Prescription.
  PRiESEPIOLUM,'Alveolus.
  PR^EREPIUM, Alveolus/
  PR/ESERVATIO, Prophylaxis.
  PRjESERVATIVUM, Amuletum.
  PRASERVATO'RIA INDICA'TIO.  A pre-
servative  indication ; one proper for  preventing
the development of disease.
  PRASSERVATORIUS, Prophylactic.
  PRASPINALIS, Prespinal.
  PRATIBIALIS, Pretibial.
  PRAIRIE BUSH, STINKING, Ptelea trifo-.
liata — p. Pines, Liatris.
  PRASINUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas.
  PRASINUS, Porrnceous.
  PRASI'TES,  from  praeium,  'horehound.'
Wine in which  the  leaves of  horehound have
been infused.
  PRASIUM, Marrubium.
  PRASUM, Allium prasum.
  PRAXIS, Action.
  Praxis Med'ica.  The practical exercise of
the healing art.
   PREASER, Rennet.
   PRECIPITATE,  RED, Hydrargyri nitrico-
oxvdutn — p. White, Hydrargyrum  praecipitatum.
  PRECIPITA'TION, Pracipita'tio, (F.)  Pri-
cipltS, from pracipitare, pracipitatum, (pra, and
caput, ' the head,') ' to throw headlong.'  The ac-
tion by which a body abandons  a liquid in which
it is dissolved, and becomes deposited at the bot-
tom of the vessel.  The matter, so  thrown down
or precipitated, is called a precipitate.
  PRECIPITATION DE LA  MATRICE, Pro-
cidentia uteri.
  PRECIPITE  BLANC, Hydrargyrum prasci-
pitatum—p. Noir, see Hydrargyri oxydum cine-
reum—p. Oxydum per ee, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxy-
dum—p. Rouge, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
  PRECOCITY, Preco'cioneneee, (F.) PrScocitS,
 Pracox  matn'ritas, Matu'rity   preco'cious,  from
pra, ' before,' and coquere, 'to cook.'   Rapid de-
 velopment before the usual time. See  Proeotia.
   PRECORDIAL, Precordial.
   PRECUR'SORY,  Pracureo'riue, (F.) PrScur-
 senr, from pra, and curro, cure'tm.  ' I run.'  That
 which precedes.
   Preour'soryot Premon'itory Signs'or Symp-
 toms,  (F.) Signes prScurseure  Ou prSmonitoiree,
 S. avant coureure, are  those wh:ch indicate an
 approaching disease.
   PREDIASTOLIC, Pradiaetol'icue, from pra,
 and diaatole.  That which precedes the diastola
 ofthe heart,—as  ' prediaetolic friction sound.'
   PREDISPONENT  or PREPISPOSING
 CAUSES, see Causes, predisponent.
   PREDISPOSITION, Pradiepoeif'io, Semin'-
 ia  morbo'rum (Gaubius);  from  pras  and diepo-
 nere, diepoeitum, 'to dispose.'   (F.)  Imminence
J morbide.  That constitution or condition of tho
I body, which disposes it to the  action of disease 
PREDORSAL              v5")              PREGNANCY
 under the application of an exciting cause.  Thus,
 in hereditary diseases, the conformation is such,
 that but a slight exciting cause may be required
 to produce them.  When the disease arises solely
 from the  predisposition, or under the additional
 influence  of an extremely slight exciting  cause,
 ■it is, by some, termed a disposition.
   PREDOR'SAL, Pradorsa'lia,  from pra,  and '
 dorsum, 'the  back.'   That which is  in front of
 tbe back.
    Predorsal Region of the vertebral eolumn is
 the anterior surface of the dorsal  region.
   PRE-DORSO-ATLOIDIEN, Longus colli.
    PRE-DORSO-CERVICAL, Longus colli.
    PRE-EXISTEXCE  OF  GERMS,  see  Pre-
 formation.
    PREFORMA'TION, Praforma'tio, from pra,
 'before,'  and fiormatio,  'forming.'   An  ancient
 theory of generation, which maintained that the
 germ of every part exists, but  not visibly, before |
 fecundation,  and that fecundation occasions their
 development  It was the doctrine of pre-exist-
 ence ofi germe.
    PREG'NANCY, Pragna'tio,  Pragna'tue, Im-
 pragna'tio, Ingravida'tio, from pra,  and genere,
 'to beget;'  Hyeterocye'eie, Gravid'itae,  G.  ute-
 ri'na,  En'cy moil, Cye'eie,  Encye'aie,  En'cyaia,
 Eliicymo'eia,   Cyopho'ria,  Geeta'tion,  Fu-ta'tion,
 Ingrtivt'da'tion,  Utero-geeta'lion ; (F.)  Grossesse.
 The state of a female who has within her a fecun-
 dated germ, which gradually becomes developed in
 or out of the uterus.  When placed in the cavity of
 the uterus,—by virtue of the vital principle which
 animates it, it becomes  attached  to  the inner sur-
 face of that viscus, and obtains from it indirectly
 the nutriment necessary for its gradual develop-
  ment,  during the space of ten iunar months or
  two hundred and eighty days—the ordinary term
 or duration of gestation, although the period may
 be protracted to  300 days or upwards, — at  the
• expiration of which parturition occurs.   Preg-
  nancy is  commonly limited to  a  single foetus: at
  times, the uterus contains  two  or three.—See Re-
  production.  Occasionally, one  or two moles—the
  degenerated  products of conception—alone occu-
  py the uterus:—at other times, a foetus likewise
  exists.  In certain cases, and owing to accidental
  circumstances, the fecundated ovum remains in
  the ovarium, or is arrested in the Fallopian tube.
  Pregnancy has, accordingly, been  distinguished
  into, 1. Natural  or uterine, when the foetus is '
  carried in the cavity of the womb: and, 2. Pre-
  ternatural or extra-uterine, Erfieta'tion, Concep'-
  tio vitio'ea, Paracye'eie seu Eecye'sis, Ecthyatero-
  cye'aw,  Eehthyaterocye'eia, Dyato'cia, Dyecye'eie
  seu Gravid' itas extra-uteri na,  (F.)  Grossesse  con-
  tre-nature,—when it occurs in  the ovarium, tube,
  or cavity of the abdomen.
    During pregnancy, the  female experiences re-
 markahle  changes in the condition  of her organs
 and functions.    The genital  apparatus  is, of
 course, most affected.   The uterus  changes its
 Bhape,  situation,  size,  and texture.   The usual
 signs of pregnancy are,—suppression ofthe cata-
 menia;  the  abdomen  gradually enlarging  and
 forming a hard tumour; the umbilicus prominent
 in  the  latter months ; the breasts  increasing in
 size ; the areola round the nipple becoming darker
 and the follicles more developed; kyestein in the
 urine from an early period; a  bluish tint of the
 vagina after the fourth week;  about the  fifth
 month, the  evidence by ballottement,  the  pla-
 cental  souffle, and the  sound  of the foetal heart
 heard on  auscultation; the motion of the foetus
 perceptible,  and  the neck of  the uterus dimin-
 ishing in  length at the advanced periods.
    Ptt™(iVAVCY, Abdom'i.vAL. Ecrye'eis ubdomina'-
 lie,  Celiocge'aia,  Gravid'itae nbdomina'lie,  (F.)
Groeeeese abdominale.  That in which the ovum
has escaped into the cavity of the abdomen.
  Pregnancy,  Afgb'tal, Pregnancy without a
fcetue, (F.)  Grossesse afcetale  ou  eane  fitttte.
Pregnancy produced by a false or degenerate
conception,  or any other  affection,  which  has
given place to unusual development of the uterus.
Madame Boivin includes in this class, sareo-hys
teric, hydro-hyeteric, gazo-hyeteric, and hemato
hyeteric pregnancies.
  Pregnancy,  Bigeminal, (F.) Groeeeese bigt
minale, Double pregnancy.   Pregnancy in which
there are twins in utero. — Madame Boivin.
  Pregnancy,  Complex,  (F.)  Grossesse com-
plexe, G. inter-extra utSrine, is when the womb,
besides a foetus, contains much water, hydatids,
a mole, Ae.
  Pregnancy, Compound,  Polybreph'ia, Poly-
cye'sia, Polycye'sis, (F.) Grossesse  composSe, is
when there are two or three foetuses in the cavity
of the uterus.
  Pregnancy, Double,  Pregnancy, bigeminal—
p. Duration of, see Pregnancy—p.  Extra-uterine,
see Pregnancy.
  Preg'nancy, False,  Gravid'itae  epnria, (F.)
Grossease fiauaae ou apparente,  Peettdocye'eie.
Authors have thus called different affections of
a more or less serious character, which resemble
pregnancy; so as, at times, to impose upon  the
best-informud practitioners.   These diseases may
be  seated in the uterus or its  dependencies, in
the intestines or some other part of the abdomen.
They may be; — a. mole, hydatids, water, blood,
or polypus distending the parietes of the uterus;
— chronic enlargement ofthe uterus; develop-
ment of tumours, Ac, in its substance;—scirrhus;
dropsy of the ovaria; ascites;  tympanites, Ac.
  Pregnancy, Fcetal,  (F.)   Groaeeese  fiietale.
Pregnancy in which there is  a foetus, or more
than one, in the uterus or out of it.  Madame
Boivin puts in this  class—the eolitary, bigeminal,
trigeminal, and earco-fvetal  pregnancies, which
form the first order; and the  tubal,  ovarial,  and
abdominal, which constitute the second.
  Pregnancy, Gazo-hyster'ic, (F.)   Groaseese
Gazo-hyetSrique.  Afcetal pregnancy, caused by
development of air  or gas in  the cavity of the
womb. — Madame Boivin.
  Pregnancy, H^emato-hysteric, (F.)  Grossesse
hSmato-hyatSrique.   Afcetal  pregnancy,  caused
by accumulation of blood in the uterus.—Madame
Boivin.
  Pregnancy, Hydro-hysteric,  (F.)  Groeaeese
hydro-hyatSrique.  Afcetal pregnancy, occasioned
by  the secretion and accumulation of serous fluid
in the uterus.
  Pregnancy,  Interstit"ial, Gravid'itae  in
uteri aitbstan'tid seu interetitia'lie.   The develop-
ment of the  embryo in the proper substance of
the uterus.   The case generally terminates fatally
at an early period of gestation ;  the thin external
paries of the uterus  being ruptured, and the ovum
passing into  the abdominal cavity.
  Pregnancy, Morbid,  Paraeye'aie, Dyato'cia,
Dyecye'eie.'  The progress of pregnancy disturbed
or endangered by the supervention  of general or
local disorder. — Good.
  Pregnancy, Ova'rian, (F.) Groeaesse ovnrienne
OU  de  I'ovaire, Eccye'sie ova'ria, O'driocye'eis,
Obeye'eie, Gravid'itae u'teri seu extra-uteri'na in
ova'rio.  Pregnancy in which  the fcetus is  de-
veloped in the interior of the ovary.
  Pregnancy, Plea op. A plea, which a woman,
capitally convicted, may set up in  arrest of exe-
cution until  she is delivered.  See Jury of Ma-
trons, and De ventre inspiciendo.
  Pregnancy, PiIetend'ed.  The criminal  act
of a female, who, not having been delivered, pre-
sents an infant as having been born of her.  (F.) 
PREGNANT               756            PRESCRIPTION
Suppoeition  de part.   (This term,  in  French,
likewise includes the case of a female, who, hav-
ing been delivered of a dead child, substitutes for
it a living child which is not hers.)
  Pregnancy, Sarco-fgbtal, (F.) Grossesse sar-
co-foctale.  Pregnancy in which there are one or
more foetuses, and one or more moles.—Madame
Boivin.
  PREGNANCY^ARCO-HYSTERICfFOGVodJSessesrir-
co-hyatSi ique. Afcetal pregnancy formed by moles,
hydatids, or a false conception.—Madame Boivin.
  Pregnancy, Sol'itary, (F.) Grossesse solitaire
ou simple.   Pregnancy in which there is a single
foetus.  — Madame Boivin.
  Pregnancy,  Trigeminal, (F.)  Grossesse tri-
ySminale ou triple.  Pregnancy in which there
are three foetuses in the  cavity of the uterus. —
Madame Boivin.
  Pregnancy,  Tubal, (F.) Grossesse  tubaire,
Eccye'sis tuba'lis,  Graviditas  tuba'ria.   Preg-
nancy where the foetus remains and is developed
in the Fallopian tube.
  Pregnancy,  Uterine, see Pregnancy.
  Pregnancy, Utero-abdom'inal, (F.) Groseeese
utSro-abdominale.   Pregnancy consisting of two
foetuses; one in the uterus—the other in the ab-
dominal cavity. — Madame Boivin.
  Pregnancy,  Utero-ova'rial,  (F.) Groeeesee
utSro-ovarienne.  Pregnancy with  two  foetuses,
one in the womb, the other in the ovary.
  Pregnancy, Utero-tubal, (F.)  Grossesse ntS-
ro-tubaire.  Pregnancy in which there is  at the
same time a foetus  in the womb and another  in
the Fallopian tube.
  PREGNANT, Pragnane, Pragnae, Pragnax,
Fetue, Fostue, Encar'pos, Grav'ida, Plena mu'lier,
Incinc'ta, Gravid, Breeding, (Old Eng.)  Dealing.
Same  etymon.   (F.) Enceinte.  One  in a state  of
pregnancy ; — one with child.
  PREHENSIO, Catalepsy, Epilepsy.
  PREHEN'SION, Prehen'eio, from prehendere,
prehensum,  'to lay hold of.' The act of laying
hold of.
   Prehension op Food is the act of seizing and
carrying it to the mouth, and introducing it into
that cavity.  It is, also, called Aeaump'tio, Pro-
elep'eis, Pros'phora.
   PRELE, Hippuris vulgaris.
  PRELOMBAIRE, Prelumbar.
   PRELOMBO-PUBIEN, Psoas  parvus— p.
 Trochantin, Psoas magnus.
   PRELUM, Press — p. Arteriale, Tourniquet.
  PRELUM'BAR, Pralumba'rie, (F.) PrSlom-
baire,  from pra, and  lumbi, 'the loins.'  That
which is placed before the loins.  The prelumbar
surface of the spinal column is the anterior sur-
face of the lumbar portion.
   PREMIERES VOIES, Primae viae.
   PREMOLAR, see Molar teeth.
   PREMONITORY, see Precursory.
   PRENAN'THES, Gall  of the Earth, Dewitt
 Snakeroot, Lion'e Foot.  There are many species
 of  this indigenous plant, whose root and milky
 juice  are very bitter.  They are used in popular
 practice in dysentery; and in the form of cata-
 plasm to bites of serpents.
   Prenanthes Alba, Nabalus albus—p. Serpen-
 taria,  Nabalus albus.
   PRENDRE INSCRIPTION, see Matriculate.
   PREP AR ATE (VEINE), see Facial vein.
   PREPARA'TION,  Prapara'tio,  from  pra,
 and parare, paratum, 'to get ready.'   The act  of
 making ready any substance whatever that has
to be employed for any purpose.
   Also, the product of any pharmaceutical  ope-
ration ; — Prapara'tum.
   Any part of the human body, preserved for the
 nses of the anatomist, is so called.
  PREP'UCE, Prapn'tium, Epago'gium, Posthi
Pella,  Pos'thium, Pu'tium, Foreskin.  The pro-
longation of the integuments of the penis, which
covers  the  glans.  The prepuce  is oomposed of
two membranous layers:  one external or cuta-
neous; the other internal  or mucous, separated
by areolar  membrane.  The  mucous membrane
lines tbe inner surface of the cutaneous layer till
beyond the glans, when  it is reflected over the
latter; forming, behind the corona, a  small cul-
de-sac  above the corpora cavernosa,- which  is in-
terrupted by a triangular duplicature of the mu-
cous membrane, called the/r<pnnm, fixed  in the
furrow at the inferior part  of the glans, and ter-
minating at a little distance  from the orifice of
the urethra.   The clitoris is  covered by a semi-
lunar fold formed by a continuation of the skin
of the labia.  It is called Prapn'tium clitor'idis.
  PREPU'TIAL, Praputia'lis.   Belonging or
relating to the prepuce; — as the 'preputial se-
cretion,—or that which takes place from the lining
of the prepuce covering the glans.
  PRESBYODOCHIUM, Gerocomium.
  PRESBYON'OSI;  from  trpeofivs, 'old,' and
voaos, ' disease.'   Diseases of old age.
  PRES'BYOPE, Presby'tee, (F.) Presbyte, from
trpts(Svs, 'old,' and w\i, 'the  eye.'   One who ia
long-sighted or affected with presbyopia.
  PRESBYOPIA, Presbytia.
  PRESBYO'PIC,   Preebyo'picue,   Preebyt'ic,
Presby1'ticus.  Relating or belonging to presbyopia
or long-sightedness.
  PRESBYSPHACELUS, Gangrene  of old
people.
  PRESBY'TIA, Preebyo'pia, Amblyo'pia. prox-
imo'rum,   Viaue  senilis,  Pres'byopy, (F.)  Vue
langue ; from trpcspvrns, ' an old person.'  A very
high degree is termed Hyperbresby'tia.  A con-
dition  of vision, common in old persons,  which
consists in  the circumstance of near objects being
confusedly  seen, whilst  those at a greater  dis-  *
tance  are clearly distinguished.  It is supposed
to depend generally on diminution of the convex-
ity ofthe cornea; whence results an alteration in
the convergency of the rays, so that they form  a
focus behind the retina.  This defect is remedied
by the use  of  convex glasses, which  augment the
convergence of the  luminous rays.   It is, also,
called  Long-sightedness, Far-sightedness, Parop'-
aia longin'qua, Dyso'pia proximo'rum.
  PRESBYTIC, Presbyopic.
  PRESCRIPTION, Prascrip'tio,  Anag'raphe,
from pra, and scribere, scriptum, 'to write ;' For'-
mula, F. med'ica, Sched'ula, Prascrip'tum, Pra-
scrip'tio med'ica, Recep'tum, (F.) Formule, Or-
donnance.   The formula  which the physician
writes for the composition of medicines adapted
to any case of disease.  A prescription should be
as simple  as  possible, and should bear upon its
face the evidence of the objects to be fulfilled by
it  No  article  should form part  of it,  unless
adapted for serving some useful purpose.  A com-
pound prescription has been divided  into four
parts: — the  baeia or principal ingredient  ofthe
prescription;  the ad'juvane, or that which  is de-
signed to promote the action df  the former; the
cor'rigene,  or  that intended  to correct its  opera-
tion, or obviate any  unpleasant  symptom which
it may be  apt to produce; and  the conetit'uene,
excip'iene  or  vehic'ulum,  Constitu'ent, Excip'ient
or ve'hicle, the substance which gives to the other
ingredients consistence  or form.  All these are
seen in tho following formula for cathartic pills:

  Aloes................... S ...............Boeie.
  Hyd. Chlorid. Mit.  gr. x............Adjnvane.
  Olei Carui............ gtt. v...........Corrigent.
  SyruPrl................. q-8.............Conetituent.
       M. et fiant pilules xx.   See Symbol. 
PRESCRIPTION           757            PRESYSTOLIC
  It is obvious, however, that most prescriptions I
are more simple than this.   The basis, for exam-
ple, may require neither adjuvant, corrigent, nor
constituent.
  Dr. Paris has given tbe  following synopsis of
tbe principles of  medicinal  combination, fatnato-
taxiolog"ia,  Iamatosyntaxiolog" ia, Are form'ulas
med'icae  conct'nnan'di, which may serve  as an
• instructive guide to the prescriber:—
                 OBJECT  I.
     TO PROMOTE THE ACTION OF THE BASIS.
  A. By combining the several different forms or
preparations of the eame substance.   B.  By com-
bining the basis with substances which are of the
same  nature;  i. e., which  are individually capa-
ble of producing the same effects, with less ener-
gy  than when in  combination with each other.
C. By combining the basis with substances of a
different nature, and which do not exert any che-
mical influence  upon it, but are found by expe-
rience, or  inferred by analogy, to be capable of
rendering the  stomach or system  more  suscepti-
ble of its action.
                 OBJECT II.
TO CORRECT THE OPERATION OP THE BASIS BY OB-
  A. By chymically neutralizing or mechanically
separating the offending ingredient.  B. By add-
ing some substance calculated  to guard the  sto-
mach or system against its deleterious effects.

                OBJECT III.
TO OBTAIN A  NEW AND ACTIVE REMEDY, NOT AF-
      FORDED BY ANY SINGLE SUBSTANCE.

  A. By combining medicines which  excite dif-
ferent actions in the stomach and system, in con-
sequence of which new or modified  results are
produced.  B.  By combining substances which
have the property of acting chymically upon each
other; the results of which are:—a. The forma-
tion  of new  compounds; b.  The decomposition
of the  original ingredients, and  the development
of the  more active elements.   C. By combining
substances, between which no  other change is
induced than a diminution or increase in the so-
lubility of the principles in which their medicinal
virtues reside,   a. By the  intervention  of sub-
stances that act chymically.  b.  By the addition
of ingredients whose  operation is entirely me-
chanical.
                 OBJECT V.

         TO AFFORD AN ELIGIBLE FORM.

  A. By which  the efficacy of the remedy  is en-
hanced.  B.  By which its aapect or flavour  is
rendered more agreeable, or its mode of adminis-
tration more  convenient.  C. By which it is pre-
served  from  the  spontaneous decomposition  to
which it is liable.
  [The  vocabulary in  the  authors "Medical
Student" Philad., 1844, will aid the student not
only in translating, but in writing his  prescrip-
tions more eolitoj]
  PRESENTA'TION, from (Lat.) prasens, (pra,
' before,' and ene, entie, ' being.')  .The  part of a
foetus which is  felt presenting, on  examination
per vaginam.  When the head presents, and es-
pecially the vertex, or the feet, knees, or breech,
the presentation is said to be natural; when any
other part, preternatural; and the labour is styled
perverse or  preternatural, Parodyn'ia seu Dya-
to'cia perver'ea, Croaa-birth,  (F.) Accouchement
eontre nature.   When any part besides  the head,
feet, knees, or breech presents, the operation of
turning becomes necessary.  See Parturition.
   PRESERVATIVE, Prophylactic.
   PRESIS, Swelling.
   PRESLE, Hippuris vulgaris.
   PRESMA, Swelling.
   PRESPI'NAL,  Praepina'Ua, from  pra, and
spina, 'the spine.'  That which is situate before
the spine.  The prespinal surface ofthe veitebral
column is the anterior surface.
   PRESS, Proz'lium, Pra'lium, Preseo'rium, Pi-
ester, Pieste'rion, (F.) Preaaoir, Preaee, from pre-
mere, preaaum,  'to squeeze.'  An instrument for
subjecting matters to considerable pressure, for
the  purpose of separating the liquid  from the
solid portion.
   Press of Herophilus, Torcular Herophili.
   PRESSE-ARTERE,  Serre-nceud  de Des-
champe,  Serre-Artire.   An instrument invented
by Deschamps  for the immediate compression of
arteries.  It is  composed of a plate six or seven
lines long, and three broad, and of a rod or stem
two inches long,  placed  perpendicularly above
the  plate and riveted.   At each extremity of the
plate is  a hole, through which each of the ends
of the ligature, to be placed  upon  the artery, is
passed.  The ligature is then to be tightened by
drawing the ends, and fixing them to the perpen-
dicular rod.  This presse-artere or eerre-artere,
surrounded with charpie, remains in the wound,
until there is no  longer danger  of hemorrhage.
The ligature  is then cut,  and  the instrument
withdrawn.  It is an unnecessary instrument.
   PRESSE-URETHRE, Jugum Penis. A kind
of forceps of elastic iron, the branches of which,
padded,  may be approximated  or  separated by
means of a screw.  The penis is introduced be-
tween the branches, one  of them being applied
to the urethra, and the screw is  tightened so  as
to exercise a degree of pressure sufficient to bring
the parietes ofthe canal in contact.  This instru-
ment is sometimes used in incontinence of urine,
to prevent the  constant discharge of that fluid.
   PRESSIO, Pressure.
   PRESSION ABDOMINALE, Pressure, ab-
 dominal.
   PRESSOIR, Press—jo. d'HSrophile, Torcular
 Herophili.
   PRESSORIUM, Press.
   PRESSURE, Pree'eio, from premere, preaaum,
 'to  press.'  The action of pressing.
   Pressure, Abdom'inal, (F.) Pression abdomi-
 nale.  A mode  of examination by means of which
 the sensibility, size, suppleness, or hardness  of
 any morbid abdominal viscus may be  compared,
 in these  respects, with  its healthy  condition.
 Bichat proposed, with  the view of exploring the
 state of the thoracic organs,  to exert  a pressure
from below upwards on the abdominal  organs, so
as to crowd them upon the diaphragm, and thus
to diminish the dimensions of the cavity of the
chest, noticing  to what extent  respiration was
affected  by this action.   No  great information
can of course be derived from it.
   PRESYS'TOLIC, Praeyatol'icua, from pra,
'before,' and ay stole.   That which precedes  th*
VIATING ANY UNPLEASANT  EFFECTS  IT  MIGHT
BE  LIKELY  TO OCCASION, AND WHICH WOULD

PERVERT  ITS  INTENDED ACTION, AND DEFEAT
THE OBJECT OP ITS EXHIBITION.
TO OBTAIN THE JOINT  OPERATION OF TWO OR MORE
                 MEDICINES.

  A. By uniting those  medicines which are  cal-
culated to produce the same ultimate results, but
by modes  of operation  totally different.  B. By
combining medicines which have  entirely differ-
ent powers; and  which are required to  obviate
different symptoms? or  to  answer different indi-
cations.
                OBJECT IV. 
PRETENDED  DISEASES      758                PRINOS
contraction of the heart—as "preeyatolic friction  I
sound."                                       ii
  PRKTENDED DISEASES,  Feigned diseases.  I
  PRETIB'IAL, Pratibiu'lia,  from  pra, and
tibia, 'the  tibia.'  That which is situate before
the tibia ; as the ilio-pretibial and iechio-pretibial
muscles.
  PREVENTIVE, Prophylactic.
  Preven'tive, Royal, from pravenire, praven-
tuni. (pra, and venire,) 'to come before.'  An
empirical  preparation,  used as^ a prophylactic
against the venereal virus.  It is a  solution  of
acetate of lead, — the Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis
dilutus.
  PREVERTEBRAL  APONEURO'SIS.  The
aponeurosis which covers the muscles of the pre-
vertebral region.
  Prevertebral  Artery, (F.)  Artire prevertS-
brale ou meningienne postSrieure.   A  ramus of
the meningeal branch, and sometimes even of the
trunk, of the pharyngeal artery,  which is  dis-
tributed to the prevertebral region.   -
  Prevertebral  Muscles, see Cervical region,
anterior — p. Region, Cervical region, anterior.
  PRIAPEIA, Nicotiana rustica.
  PRIAPIS'COS.  Same etymon as  the next.
Name of a piece of wood which forms part of tbe
ecaninitm Hippocraticum.  Paulus of ^Igina calls
thus a tent of linen shaped like a penis.
   PRIAPIS'MUS, Tentlgo, T. Penie, Pri'apiem,
Horn-colic (vulg.), Enta'aia Priapia'mue, Rhopa-
lin'mus, Satyriasis, Styma, Styaie,  from Jlpiairo?,
'Priapus.'   Constant and  distressing erection,
without any voluptuous idea or desire for venery.
It is often  symptomatic; and sometimes  the im-
mediate result of morbific causes, — of the action
of cantharides, for example.   The application of
cold liquids to the penis, and the internal use of
opium and camphor, are the means usually had
recourse to for its  removal.
   P1UAPITIS, Phallitis.
   PRI A'PUS, Miitun'nua.  In ancient mythology
♦he deity who presided over gardens and the parts
of  generation, so  called propter defiormitatem et
membri virili'e magnitiidi'nem.
   P m a pus, Penis—p. Cervi, see Cervus—p. Ceti,
Leviathan penis.
   PRICKET, Sedum acre.
   PRICKING, Sax. pjuccian,  (D.) pricken,
 (F.) Pirotement.   A  variety of pain,  compared to
that which pointed bodfes would occasion.
   PRIDE OF CHINA, Melia azedarach—p. of
India, Melia  azedarach — p. Tree,  Melia azeda-
rach.
   PRIDEWEED, Erigeron Canadense.
   PRIEST-PHYSICIAXS, see Asclepiadae.
   PRIEST'S PINTLE, Arum maculatum.
   PRIM, Lignstrum vulgare.
   PRIMA  CELLA  COLI, Caecum.
   PRIM-E  VliE, (F.) Premilree  voiee.  'The
 ftret  passages.'   The  stomach  and intestinal
 canal: — the lacteals being the eeettn'da via or
 ' eerond passaqea.'  See Ways, digestive.
   PRIMARY CELL, see Cell.
   PRIME.VE'RE, Primula veris.
   PRIMiP'ARA, Priuiipitrtu'riens,  (F.) Primi-
 pare, from primue,  'first,' and parere, 'to brin<'
 forth.'  A name given to a female  who brings
 forth for the first  time.
    PRIMIPARTURIEXS. Primipara.
    PRIMI-STERNAL,Prijni-«««.rn</7i«,fromprf-
 miis, 'the first,' and eternum, 'the sternum.'  M.
 B6clard has called oe pri mi-eternal ou clavi-eter-
 nal. the bony portion of the sternum.
    PRIMIT"I^E,  from  primue, 'first'  Theirs/
 rvaters, or the vsatere discharged before the ex-
 trusion of the foetus.
    PRIMITIVE  BAND, see  Nerve  fibres —p.
  Streak, Groove, primitive.
  PRIMORDIAL CELL, see Cell.
  I'RIMORDIUM, Arche.
  PRIMROSE EVENING,  Oenothera  biennu
__p. Tree, CEnothera biennis.
  PRIMULA OFFICINALIS, P. veris —p. Va-
riabilis, P. veris.
  Prim'ula Veris, P.  officina'lie seu variab'ilie,
from prim'ulue,  'first'   So  called, because  it
flowers in the beginning of the spring.  Verbaa'-
culum,  Paralysis, Herba paralys'eoe seu parulyt'-
ica, tbe  Cowslip,  Paigil or Peagle,  Herb Peter,
Palai/wort, (Prov.)  Cow-atriplinga, Cow-atropple,
Crewel, (F.) Primevere,  Herbe  d la paralyeie,
Fleur de coucou,  Oreille  d'oure, Braireite; Ord.
Primulacese.  Sex.  Syat. Pentandria  Monogynia.
The  flowers  have been considered  to  be  mildly
tanic, antispasmodic, and  anodyne.
   Primula Vulga'ris.  The leaves  and roots of
this plant have been used as sternutatories.
-   PRINCE ARTHUR'S  FARINACEOUS
FOOD, see Farinaceous.
   PRINCEPS, Rectum.
   Princeps  Cervi'cis (Artery) Cervical Artery.
A branch of the  occipital artery, which descends
between the splenius and complexus muscles, and
may be followed  down to thejower part of the
neck.
   Princeps  Pol'licis (Arteria), Arte'ria magna
pollicie. When the two collateral arteries of the
thumb take  origin  from a common  trunk— the
trunk is the Princeps pollicie.                A
   PRINCIPE CR YSTALL1ZABLE DE DE-
ROSNE,  Narcotine—p. de  la  MSlanoee, see
Choro'idea tunica.
   PRINCIPES  IMMEDIATS, Principles, im-
mediate.
   PRINCIPIUM,  Arche, Element —p.  Acidifi-
cans, Oxygen—p. Adstringens, Tannin—p. Byr-*
sodepsicum, Tannin — p.  Coriaceum, Tannin—p.
Hydrogeneticura,  Hydrogen — p.  Hydroticum,
Hydrogen—p. Oxygenans, Oxygen—p. Salivale,  *
see Saliva — p. Scytodepsicum, Tannin—p. Uri-
nosutn, Urea.
   PRIN'CIPLE,  COL'OURING, OF TnE
BLOOD.  A name, given to  the immediate prin-
ciple in animals,  to which  the blood owes its red
colour.  It is solid,  inodorous, and insipid. When
recently separated from blood, it has a  purple-red
colour.  When  distilled,  it  furnishes, amongst
other products, a purple  oil.   It is  insoluble  in
water; but,  if diluted with that liquid, acquires
a vinous-red hue.  It communicates a  red colour
to the albumen ofthe blood,  and affords, on ana-
lysis, iron, to which the colour has been ascribed.
See  Hasmaphaein, and Hasmatin.
   Principle, Digestive, Pepsin — p. Vital,  see
Vital principle.
   PRINCIPLES, IMME'DIATE, (F.) Principee
imiuSdiate, MutSriaux immediate.  A name given
to a considerable number of substances, composed
of at least three elements, and which are obtained
from animals and  vegetable* without  alteration,
by simple processes, and, in some  measure, im-
med lately.
   Principles,-Immediate, op  Animals, Proxi-
 mate principles, Organic Element^, Compounds
\of Organization.  These are divided  into acid
^principles, fatty  principles, and principles which
 are neither  fat nor acid.  The first include the
 uric, roeacic, purpuric, allantoic, caeeic, butyric,
 Ac.  The fatty  principles are : — stearin, eia hi,
 choleeterin,  Ac.; and the last division  includes
 the most important compounds of organization:
 —fibrin, gelatin, albumen, caaein, oenuizome,  Ac.
   Principles, Proximate, P. immediate.
   PRINOS (of the ancients), Ilex aquifolium.
   Prinos, P. verticilla'tue, Alcun'na major luti-
 fio'Ua denta'ta, Aquifo'lium fo'liie decid'uie, Pri-
 nos Grono'cii seu padifo'liue. Blank Alder Vir- 
PRION                 759              PROCESSUS
ginio or Whorled Winterberry, Feverbuah, (F.)
Apalochine d feuillee de Prunier.   Ord. Aquifo-
liacea?.   Six. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia.  The
bark of this common shrub of the United States
— Prinos, (Ph. U. S.)—is astringent, bitter, and
pungent  The berries are, likewise, bitter.  The
bark has been used as a substitute for the cincho-
na, in intermittents, and as a tonic.
  Prinos Glaber, see P. laevigatas—p. Gronovii,
Prinos.
  Pruos L^viga'tus, Smooth Winterberry, and
Prinos Glaber,  Inkberry.   Indigenous;  have
the same properties  as
  Prinos Padifolius, Prinos.
  PRION, Saw.
  PRIONO'DES, from irpiuv, 'a saw,' and ttios,
'shape.'  Serru'ted.  Applied  to the  sutures of
the head.
  PRIOR, 'first, foremost,' as
  Prior  Annula'ris,  Interoa'seue  quartne  of
Winslow. An internal interosseous muscle which
arises  from the outside of the metacarpal bone
of the ring-finger, and is inserted into the outside
of  the  tendon on the back of the ring-finger.
Its use is to draw the ring-finger outwards.
   Prior In'dicis, Exten'eor ter'tii interno'dii in'-
dicie, (F.) Sous mStacarpo-latSri-phalungien.  It
arises from the outer or radial  side of the meta-
carpal bone of the fore-finger, and is inserted into
the .outside of the tendon on  the back of the fore-
finger.   Action : — to draw  the finger outwards,
towards the thumb.
   Prior Indicis Pedis, Adductor In'dicie pedie.
An  external, interosseous muscle  of the foot,
which  arises  from the contiguous  sides of the
metatarsal bones  of the great and fore toes, and
is inserted into the inside of the root of the first
bone of the fore-toe.  Action ;—to pull the fore-
 toe inwards.
   Prior Medii, Prior medii digiti.
   Prior Me'dii  Dig"iti, Prior  Medii, Second
interos'eeous of Douglas.  An external, interos-
seous muscle of the hand, which arises from the
 corresponding sides of the metacarpal bones of
the fore and  middle fingers, and is inserted into
the outside of the  tendon  on the back of the
middle  finger.   Action : — to draw the middle
finger outwards.
   Prior Medii Digiti Pedis, Adductor medii di-
giti pedis.  An internal; interosseous muscle of
the foot, which arises from the inside  of the me-
tatarsal bone of the middle  toe, and is inserted
into the inside of the root of the first bone of the
middle toe.   Use : — to pull the  middle toe  in-
wards,  or towards the inner  side of  the foot.
   Prior Min'imi Digiti, Adduc'tor min'imi dig"-
iti.  An internal, interosseous muscle of the foot,
which originates from the inside of the metatar-
sal bone of the little toe, and is inserted into the
inside of the root of the  first bone of the little
toe.  Action : — to  pull the little toe inwards.
   Prior Tertii Digiti  Pedis, Adduc'tor tertii
dig"iti pedie.  An'internal, interosseous muscle
of the foot, which arises from  the inner and un-
der part of the metatarsal bone of the third of
the  small toes, and is inserted  into the inside of
the root of the first  bone of tire third of the small
toes.  Action: — to pull the third  of  the  small
toes inwards.
  PRTSfS.  Brvgmus, Trepanning.
   PRISMA, Scobs.
  PRYSMUS, Brygmus. Trepanning.
  PRIVATE PARTS, Genital organs.
  PRIVET, Ligustrum vulgare.
  PRIVITIES, Genital organs.
  PRIVY, Ligustrum vulgare—p. Members, Ge-
nital organs — p. Parts, Genital organs.
  PRO, rpo,  'before.' A common prefix to words,
as in Procatarctic, Prostate,  Ac.
  PROAGOREUSIS, Prognosis.
  PROBANG, Sponge-probang,  Detrueo'rium ex
bale'na.  Allied to probe.  A long slender rod of
whalebone, with a piece of sponge at its extremity,
intended to push down extraneous bodies, arrested
in the  oesophagus, into  the  stomach.  A similar
instrument is  called by J.  L. Petit, Repouaaoir
d'arStea.            •
   PROBARBIUM, Geneias.
   PROBASCANIUM, Amuletum.
.   PROBASCANTIUM, Amuletum.
   PROBE, Catheterize, Specillum—p. Eyed, see
Specillum.
   PROBING, see Meiosis.
   PROROLE, Processus.
   PROCARDIUM*, Scrobiculus cordis:.
   PRO CEDE, Process.
   PROCEDURE, ProcSdS.
   PROCEPHALI, Capitones.
   PROCERUS NASI, Pyramidalis nasi.
   PROCES,  Process—p. Ciliairea, Ciliary pro-
cesses.
   PROCESS, Apophysis,  Processus.
   Proc''ess, Ratio, (F.) ProcSdS, from procedere,
proceesitni, 'to march forwards.'  Procedure.—
method of performing  any  operation, chemical,
pharmaceutical, or surgical.
   Process, Cuneiform,  Basilary   process — p.
Modelling, see Modelling  Process — p. of Rau,
see Malleus — p. Vertical superior longitudinal,
Falx cerebri.
   PROCES'SUS.  A  proceae;  same  etymon;
Projectu'ra, Prob'ole, (F.)  Procte.   An apophy-
sis or eminence of a bone; see Apophysis.  Also,
any part  which seems prolonged beyond others
with which it is in connexion; as the Ciliary
processes.
   Processus  Anconeus,  Olecranon—p. Annu-
laris, Pons Varolii — p.  Ascendens, see Maxillary
bone, (superior)—p. Belenoides, see Belenoid—p.
Blumenbacbii, Unciform process—p. Caudatus,
Lobulus caudatus—p.  a, Cerebello ad medullam
oblongatam, Corpora restiformia—p. Cerebelli ad
pontem, Peduncles of the cerebellum — p. Cere-
belli ad testes, Peduncles of the  cerebellum — p.
Cerebri lateralis,  Cornu ammonis — p.  Ciliares,
Ciliary processes—p. Clavatus, see Funiculi gra-
ciles—p. Cocbleariformis, see Tympanum—p. Cu-
neiformis ossis occipitis; Basilary process—p. En-
siformes,  see Sphenoid bone—p. Enteroidei cere-
bri, Convolutions  (cerebral) — p.  Falciformis
cerebelli,  Falx cerebelli—p. Falciformis durae
matris, Falx cerebri—p. Frontalis, see Maxillary
bone, (superior)—p. Gracilis of Rau, see Malleus
— p. Laterales uteri, Tubre  Fallopmnae — p.-Ma-
millares, Papillas  of the kidney, Olfactory nerves
—p. Mamillares cerebri, Mamillary tubercles—p.
Mastoideus,  Mastoid  process — p.  Nasalis,  see
Maxillary bone (superior) — p. Olivaris, Olivary
Process — p. Orbicularis  cerebri, Infundibulum
ofthe  brain — p.  Papillares, Olfactory nerves—p.
Papillarum, Olfactory nerves — p.  Rachidianus,
Medulla spinalis—p. Sterni  xiphoideus, Xiphoid.
   Proces'sus Ter'etes, Eminen'tia seu Fascic'-
uli ter'etes.  Two slightly convex bodies forming
the anterior* wall  or floor  of the fourth ventricle
of the brain.  They are separated by a.longitu-
dinal groove, which is continuous, i#feriorly, with
the sulcus lpngitudinalis posterior of the spinal
cord.   They are  crossed transversely by several
white and gray fasciculi—linea transversa, atria
medulla'ree — the origin of the auditory nerves.
   Processus ad  Testes,  see Valvula Vieussenii
— p. Transversus durae matris,  Tentorium — p.
Uncinatus, Olecranon, Unciform process, see Co-
racoid  process — p. Uvifer, Uvula—p. Ventriculi,
Duodenum — p. Xiphoides,  Xiphoid cartilage — 
PROCHEILA              760                PROEOTIA
 p. Xipho-sternalis, Xiphoid  cartilage — p. Zygo-
 matics, Zygomatic process.
   PROCHEILA, Antelabia.
   PROCHEILIDION, Procheilon.
   PROCHEI'LON,  Procheilid'ion,  Prola'binm,
 Antela'bium, from pro, and  ^etXos, 'a  lip.'  The
 extreme projecting part or margin of the lips.
   PROCIIEUMA, Parenchyma.
   PROCIDENCE DE L'lEIL, Exophthalmia.
   PROCIDENTIA, Prolapsus —p.  Ani. Procto-
 cele—p. Intestini reeti, Proctocele—p. Iridis, Sta-
 phyloma of the Iris — p. Oculi, Exophthalmia —
 p. Sedis, Proctocele—p. Uteri, Prolapsus uteri.
   PROCNEME, Tibia.
   PROCNEMIUM, Tibia.
   PROCOB'LIUS, Procoe'lua, from pro, and /coiXia,
 'belly.'  One  who has  a  large  pendulous  ab-
 domen.
   PROCOELUS, Proccelius.
   PROCON'DYLUS, irpoKovivXos, from pro,  and
 KoviuXos, 'a knot.'  The  first joint of the fingers;
 the second being called  KovivXos; the third pc.ru-
 KovivXos.
   PROCREATIO,  Generation — p.  Sanguinis,
 Haematosis.
   PROCREATION, Fecundation, Generation.
   PROC'TAGRA, from irptoKros, 'anus,'and aypa,
 'seizure.'  Gout in the rectum.   Proctalgia.
    PROCTAL'GIA, Proc'tica  eimplex,  Proc'ta-
 gra, Dolor ani,  Proctodyn'ia, from  npioKros, 'the
 anus,'  and aXyos, 'pain.'  Pain in the anus: ge-
 nerally symptomatic of disease, as of hemorrhoids,
 scirrhus, Ac.
    Proctalgia,  Clunesia— p.  Haemorrhoidalis,
 Haemorrhois—p.  Inflammatoria,  Reetitis—p.
 Intertriginosa, Chafing — p.  Rheumatida, Proc-
 torrheuma.
    PROCTATRE'SIA,   Imperfiora'tio  ani,  from
 irpu>Kros, 'the anus,' and arpnota, 'imperforation.'
 Imperforate state of the anus.
    PROC'TICA, from irpaxros,  'the  anus.'  Pain
 or derangement about the anus,  without primary
 inflammation.  A  genus in  the class  Coztiaca,
 order  Enterica, of Good.
    Proctica  Exania,  Proctocele — p.  Marisca,
 Haemorrhois — p. Simplex,  Proctalgia—p. Tenes-
 mus, Tenesmus.
    PROCTISIS. Proctitis.
    PROCTI'TIS, Proc'tiais, Archltla, Clune'eia,
  Cysso'tia, from irp^nros,  'the anus,'  and  itie, de-
 noting inflammation.  Inflammation of  the anus
 and rectum.   Reetitis.
    Proctitis Gangrenosa, Proctocace.
    PROCTOC'ACE, Proctitis gangra'noaa,  from
 .TRpKros, 'the anus,' and  kukos, 'evil.'  A disease
 of the rectum, so called by Fuchs, which, accord-
 ing  to him, is common in Peru, in the  neighbour-
 hood  of Quito and Lima, on the Honduras  and
 Mosquito coasts, in Brazil,  and on the  Gold coast,
  Ae.   It is called by the Portuguese,  Blchn,  and
 Bieho di Onto ; by the  people of Quito,  Mal del
  Val/e, from its prevalence in the valleys; and  in
 Africa, Bitioe de Kie.   It is an adynamic, inflam-
 matory condition, frequently ending in gangrene.
  It has been attributed to bad food, and the use
  of spices.
    PROCTOCELE, from irpuKros, 'the anus,' and
  xnXn,  ' hernia.'  Prolap'sus Ani,  Proctnpto'mn,
, Proctopto'eie, Proctn'aie, Hedroce'le, Arche.opto'-
 »"i, Archecpto'ina, Archopto'ma, Archeoce'le  Ar-
 chopto'aia, Exa'nia, Hamor'rhoie proce'dene seu
 ab exa'nid. Procidentia Ani seu inteeti'ni recti
 seu  eedie, Ecto'pia Ani, Sedee procid'ua, Falling
 down  ofi the  Fundament,  Coming  down of the
 Body, (F.) Chute  du  rectum, C. du Fondement,
 Renvereement du rectum. Inversion and  prolapse
 of the  mucous coat of the rectum, from relaxation
 of the sphincter, with more or less swelling   In
 the  treatment, the application  of cold water and
astringent lotions  must be  recommended:  and
if other means fail, one of the radii of skin, which
converge at the anus, may  be snipped off.  On
cicatrizing, the verge of the  anus will  be  con-
tracted, and the cure probably complete.   In the
way of palliation, the parts  may be retained by
an appropriate bandage.
  PROCTOCYSf OTOMIA, see Lithotomy.
  PROCTODYNIA, Proctalgia.
  PROCTON'CUS,  from trpiaaros, 'anus,'  and
oy<c«c, ' swelling.'  Swelling  of the anus.
  PROCTOPARAL'YSIS, Proctoplegia, Pural-
ysis Inteeti'ni Recti, from irpoiKros, 'the anus,'and
irapaXvots, ' paralysis.'  Paralysis of the  muscles
of the rectum.
  PROCTOPLEGIA, Proctoparalysis.
  PROCTOPTOMA, Proctocele.
  PROCTOPTOSIS, Proctocele.
  PROCTORRHAGIA, Haeraorrhoidal flux.
  PROCTORRHEU'MA, from npoiaros,  'anus,'
and ptvpa. 'defluxion.'  Rheumatism of the anus.
  PROCTORRHEA, from irpo>Kros, 'the  anus,'
and pew, 'I flow.'   A discharge of blood or slime
from the anus.  See Haemorrhois.
  PROCTOS, Anus.
  PROCTOSIS, Proctocele.
  PROCTOSPASMUS, Tenesmus.
  PROCTOSTENOSIS  ORGANICA, Stricture
of  the rectum.
  PROCTOTOREU'SIS, from vpwKroc,  'anus,'
and ropveiv,' to perforate.' Perforation of a closed
anus.
   PROCTUS, Anus.
  PROCURATIO ABORTUS.  The  promotion
of  abortion.
  PRODIAGNO'SIS, from  pro, and diagnoete.
Prognostication of a disease to come, — a  diag-
nosis bv anticipation.
   PROD'ROMIC,  Prodrom'iciie, (F.)  Prodro-
miqne.  Same etymon as the next.  Relating, or
 belonging, to the prodromus of a disease.
   PROD'ROMUS,  Propath'ia,  from  pro, and
ipopos, 'course,'  (F.)  Prodrome.   Sta'ditim op-
portunita'tie  seu prodromo'rum : in  contagious
diseases, Sta'dium laten'tis conta'gii.   The period
immediately preceding an attack of disease; in
 which the precursory eigne occur.
   PROD'UCT, from producere, productum, (pro,
and ditcere, ' to lead,') 'to bring forth.' (F.) Pro-
dm't.  The result sought to be attained by any
 pharmaceutical operation.
   PRODUCTIO, Prolapsus—p. Uvuke a pituita,
 Staphvloedema.
   PRODUCTION,   Produc'tio;  same  etymon.
 This word  is used, especially by  the  French,
 synonymously with prolongation.  The mesentery
 is,  in this sense, a production of  the peritoneum.
   PRODUCTION ACCIDENTELLE.   An ac-
cidental or adventitious structure.
   PRODUCTIVITAS, Fecundity.
   PRO OU IT, Product
   PROEGUMENiE  CAUSiE, Causes, predispo-
nent.
   PR03LIUM, Press, Tourniquet
  PROEM'INENT,  Proem!inena, from pro, and
eminere, 'to  project'  Some anatomists  call the
7th cervical vertebra the proeminent vertebra, on
account of the length  of  its  spinous  process,
which passes  the level of that of the  neighbour-
ing vertebrae.
  PROENCEPH'ALUS,(F.) Proenciphale ; from
pro,  and cyKetpaXos,  'encephalon.'  A  monster,
whose encephalon is situated, in a great measure,
out of, and in advance of, the  cranium, which is
open in the frontal region.
  PR030T'IA,  Proiotee,  irpioiorns  or  trpoiorns,
from wpw, ' early.'  'Precocity.'  Pracox main'.
ritae, Preco'cloua matu'rity.   Premature develop.
ment of sexual organization or power___Good. 
PROFLUVII  CORTEX        761                 PROLES
  PROFLUVII CORTEX, Nerium antidysente-
rimm.
  PROFLU'VIUM, Discharge, Fluxue,  Polyr-
rhoe'a, Flux; from profiuo, (pro, and fluo,) 'I flow
forth.'  A term under which—in the plural, Pro-
flu'via,  Polycrino'eee — some nosologists  have
comprised  all morbid discharges or fluxes : —
others, increased excretions attended by fever.
  Profluvium Alvi, Diarrhoea—p. Genitale mu-
liebro, Menses—p. Mucosum urethrae, Gonorrhoea
— p. Muliebre, Leucorrhoea, Menses — p. Sangu-
inis, Haemorrhagia—p. Sanguinis e Renibus, Ne-
phrorrhagia—p. Sanguinis ex Ore, Stomatorrhagia
— p. Sanguinis ex  Utero, Metrorrhagia — p. Se-
minis, Pollution—p. Ventris, Diarrhoea.
  PRO FOND, Profundus.
  PROFUN'DUS,  (pro, and fundua, 'bottom.')
Altus, 'having a deep base.'  (F.) Profiond.  A
name given to different parts, which are  seated
profoundly as regards others.
  Profunda Arte'ria Fem'oris, A. vaataposte'-
rior seu muscula'ris fern'oris, Artire-grande mus-
culuire  de la cttiese.   (Ch.)   This  large  branch
arises commonly from the posterior part of the
erural, between the pubis and lesser trochanter.
It descends deeply, situate before the adductors;
passes through the third adductor above  the
opening in it for the trunk  of the femoral; and
terminates in the  short portion of the  biceps.
The museularis profunda gives off, 1. The external
circumflex: 2.  The internal circumflex : and, 3.
The three perfiorantee.
   Profunda  Arte'ria  Hu'meri,  P.  eupe'rior,
Arte'ria apira'lie, (F.) Artlre numerate profonde,
A. collatSrale externe,  Grand musculaire du bras,
(Ch.)  Its origin is variable.  When it arises from
the brachial artery, it is given off  opposite the
groove  of the humerus destined for the radial
nerve, and descends backwards between  the three
portions of the triceps, accompanied by the nerve;
giving branches to  that muscle and to the hume-
rus.  When  it reaches the  posterior part of the
bone, it divides into two branches, which are dis-
tributed to the triceps, supinator longus, Ac.
   Profunda  Arteria Inferior seu Minor is
often a branch  of  the last;  but, commonly, is
given off from the  brachial, near the middle  of
the arm.   It gives off branches  to  the muscles,
Ac, about the inner side of the os humeri.  It
is, also, called large communicating ulnar  or pro-
fttndo-ulnar.
   Profunda  Arteria  Penis.    Chaussier  has
given this name to  the' cav'ernoue ar'tery, which
arises from the artery of the penis, furnished by
the internal pudic.
   Profunda Arteria Superior, Profunda  hu-
meri.
   Certain muscles are distinguished by the names
profound  or deep-seated, and euperficial.   Thus,
we speak of the euperficial and deep-eeated mus-
cles of the neck, Ac; the Flexor prof undue per-
forans, Ac.
   PROFUSIO, Haemorrhagia.
   Profusio  Aqvje.  The discharge or  breaking
of the waters at birth.
   Profusio  Sanguinis, Haemorrhagia — p. Se-
minis,  Ejaculation — p. Subcutanea,  Purpura
simplex.
   PROGAS'TOR, from pro, and yaornp,  ' belly.'
One who has a pendulous belly.
   PROGENIES, Epigone.
   PROGENY, Epigone.
   PROGLOS'SIS,  from pro, and yXioooa, 'the
tongue;' Apex lingua.  The extremity or tip of
the tongue.
  PROGNA'THOUS, from pro, and yvados, 'the
jaw.'  Having a projecting jaw.  A term applied
to the form of the head  in which  there is a pro-
longation or forward extension of the jaws, as in
the negro.
  PROGNO'SIS, Proagoreu'sis, Prorrhe'sis,
Pracognit"io, Prognos'tice,  Prano'tio, Pranun-
tia'tio,Prascien'tia, Praecil'io, Pronte'a, Proph'
aeie, Pradic'tio, (F.) Prognostic, Pronoetic, from
pro, and yvuets, ' knowledge.'  A judgment formed
by  the  physician regarding  the  future progress
and termination of any disease.
  Prognosis,  General.  The  opinion  formed
of  a disease in the abstract.  Thus,  the Gine-
ral prognoeie of Cynanche toneillarie is  favour-
able;— of  Phthisis pulmonalis,  unfavourable,
Ac.
  Prognosis, Particular.  The opinion formed
of any particular case of disease.   The particular
prognosis of one case of typhus, for example, may
be favourable, whilst that of another may be un-
favourable.
  Prognosis ex Lingua, Glossomantia.
  PROGNOSTIC, Prognosis.
  PROGNOSTICE, Prognosis.
  PROGRESSIO, Augmentation.
  PROGRESSION, Walking.
  PROGRESSUS, Augmentation.
  PROIOTES, Praeotia.
  PROJECTURA,  Process.
  PROLABIUM, Procheilon.
  PROLAP'SUS, from prolabor, prolapsus, (pro,
and labor, lapsus, ' to slide,')' I slip down.'  Pro-
cidentia,  Delap'sio,  Delap'eue,   Hypor'rhysis,
Propto'ma, Propto'eie, Produc'tio, Propenden'tia,
Prominen'tia, Ptosis, Casua, (F.) Chute;  a pro-
trueion ; a falling down.   A genus of diseases in
the class  Localee  and order Ectopia of  Cullen,
distinguished  by  the  falling  down of a part
through the orifice with which it is  naturally
connected.
  Prolapsus  Ani,  Proctocele — p. Bulbi oculi,
Exophthalmia — p. Corneae,  Staphyloma of the
cornea—p. Iridis, Ptosis iridis—p. Linguae, Glos-
socele, Paraglossa — p. (Esophagi,  Pharyngocele
— p. Palpebrae, Blepharoptosis — p. Pharyngis,
Pharyngocele—p. Umbilici, Exomphalus.
  Prolapsus  U'teri, Exome'tra,  Metropto'eie,
Metropropto'eie,  Orthyateropto'eie, Orthyateropto'-
ina, Falling down ofi the womb, JEdopto'eia seu
Procidentia u'teri,  Hysteropto'sis, Hysteroce'le
nuda, (F.) Abaissement ou Chute  ou Deseente  ou
PrScipitation de la matrice.  Some use the  term
1 Procidentia Uteri' for  a minor  degree of the
affection than prolapsus  ; — Relaxatio uteri ex-
pressing the slightest state of all.  A falling down
of the  uterus,  owing to  relaxation of the parts
about the utero-vaginal  region.   In  the  treat-
ment, the horizontal posture  must be insisted
upon ;  the injection of astringent substances per
vaginam be  advised; and if  the  affection be not
remedied by these means, a pessary may be em-
ployed as a  palliative, or the operation of Episi-
orraphy be performed.
  Prolapsus Uvulae,  Staphyloedema.
  Prolapsus Vagi'n^e, Hysteropto'sis sen  Pro-
lapaue JEdoptoaie  Vagina, Coleopto'eis, Colpop-
to'eie,  Elytropto'eie — Protrusion of  the  upper
part of the vagina into the lower.  This, like the
descent of the  uterus, may be relaxation, proci-
dentia, jirolapatte, or complete inversion.
  Prolapsus Vesicae, Exocyste.
  PROLECTA'TIO; from pro, and legere, lec-
tum, 'to gather.'  Action of separating'the finer
parts of a body from the  grosser.
  PROLEP'TICS,  Prolep'tice,  from  pro, and
XauPai'w, 'I seize  hold  of.'  A  term  proposed
by Dr. Laycoek to signify the art and  science  of
predicting in medicine.
  PROLEPTICUS, Anticipating.
  PROLES, Epigone. 
PROLICIDE
7 62
PROSOPANTRITIS
  PROL'ICIDE, Prolicid'ium, from prolee (pro,
and oleatere, ' to grow,'), ' offspring,' and cadere,
'to kill.'  Destruction of offspring : a term which
includes fa-tiride us well as infanticide.
  PROLIF'IC, Prolifi'icua,  (F.) Prolifique, from
prole*, ' offspring,' and facio, ' I make.'   That
which has the faculty of engendering.  Applied
to man, and animals, and to their sperm or seed;
is well as  to remedies, which, by  strengthening
the genital organs,  increase  the  secretion  of
sperm.
  PROLIG"EROUS,  Pm'liger,   Prolig"erue.
from prolee, ' offspring,' and gero, ' I carry.' That
which is connecU-d with carrying the offspring.
  Proligerous Disc or Layer, Discus prolig"-
ertia sou vitrllinua, Stratum prolig"erum,  Gonoa-
tro'ma, (F.) Diaqtte proligerc.   A granular layer,
situate generally towards the most  prominent
part of the ovarian vesicle, in the centre of which
the true ovum or ovule exists.—Von Baer.
   PROLONCEMENT RACHIDIEN, Medulla
spinalis —p. Sous-occipital,  Basilary process.
  PRUMALACTE'RIUM, from pro, and paXaooot,
'I soften.'-  The room, in the ancient gymnasium, I
in which the body was softened  and anointed.
One of the  operations in bathing.
  PROMANUS, see  Digitus, Pollex.
  PROMETOPIDIA, Frontal bandages.
  PROMETO'PIS,  Prometopid'ion,  from pro,
and ptrm-trov, ' the forehead.'  The skin of the fore-
bead.
  PROMINENTIA,  Prolapsus, Protuberance —
p. Annularis Cerebri, Pons Varolii — p. Corneae,
Ceratocele — p. Ossis Continua, Apophysis.
  PROMINENTIA   ALBICANTES, Mammil-
lary tubercles—p. Semib'vales Medullae Oblonga-
tae, Corpora olivaria.
  PROMONTOIRE, Promontorium.
  PROMONTORIUM, Promontory— p.  Faciei,
Nasus — p. Ossis Sacri, see  Sacrum.
   PROM'ONTORY,   Prom onto'rium,  (F.) Pro-
viontoire  (from pro and mone, montie, ' a moun-
tain,') seu  Tuber seu  Tuberoe'itae Tym'pani.  A
small projection at the inner paries of the cavity
ofthe tympanum, which  corresponds  to the  ex-
ternal seala of the cochlea, and especially to  the
outer side ofthe vestibule.
   Promontory of the Sacrum, see Sacrum.
   PRONATEUR CARRE, Pronator radii qua-
dratus—p.  Grand ou rond, Pronator radii  teres—
p. Petit. Pronator radii quadratus.
   PRONA'TION, Prona'tio,  from pronue, 'in-
clined forwards.'  Anatomists understand,  by
pronation,  the motion by which the inferior  ex-
tremity of  the radius passes before the ulna, and
thus causes the hand to execute a kind of rotation
from  without inwards.
   PRONA'TOR.  That which produces the mo-
tion of pronation.  This name has been given to
two of the  muscles of the forearm.
   Pronator Obliquus, P. radii teres—p. Qua-
dratus, P. radii quadratus.
   Pronator Ra'dii  Quadra'tus, P. quadratue
seu tntuevere'iie  (AVinslow)  seu radii  brevie  seu
radii quadratue (Cowper), Quadrattta ra'dii, (F.)
 Cubito-radial (Ch.),  Petit  ou carrS  pronatetir.
 This  muscle is  situate at  tbe anterior, inferior,
and profound  part of the forearm.  It is flat and
 fipiare,  and is attached, within, to the inferior
 quarter of the anterior surface of the ulna ; and,
 without, to the  inferior  quarter of the anterior
 furface of the radius.  It produces the  motion I
 of pronation.
   Pronator Radii Teres, P. teree sive obliquus
 (Winslow), (F.) Epitrochlo-radial (Ch.), Grandl
 ou rond pronateur.  A muscle seated at the upper
 and anterior part of  the forearm.  It is long, flat, !
 and larger above than below. It is attached, '
 above, to the inner tuberosity of the humerus and .
 to the coronoid process of the ulna.   Thence it
! passes obliquely downwards and  outwards, and
1 terminates at the middle of the outer  surface  of
 the radius.   It causes the radius to turn  on tbe
 ulna, to  produce  the motion  of  pronation.  It
 can, also, bend the forearm on  the arm, and con-
 vcrsclv*
   Pronator Teres,  P. radii teres.
   PRONAUS, Vestibulum.
   PRONERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Tendon.
   PRON03A,  Prognosis.
   PRONONCIATION, Pronunciation.
   PRONOSTIC, Prognosis.
   PRONUNCIATION, Pronuncia'tio, (F.) Pro-
 nonciation, from pro and nunciare, 'to tell.' The
 mode of articulating or giving accent or utterance
 to words.
   PROPATHIA, Prodromus.
   PROPENDENTIA, Prolapsus.
   PROP'ERTIES, PHYSICAL, OF THE  TIS-
 SUES.   These are flexibility,  exteneibiUty, elae-
 ticity, racornieaement and imbibition.
   Properties, Vital. Those which depend upon
 the vital force, as contractility.
   PROPHASIS, Prognosis.
   PROPHYLACTIC, Prophylac'tlcue, Diaphy-
 lac'tic, Diasos'tic, Synteret'icue, Praservato'rius,
 (F.) Prophylactique, from pro, and tpvXaoota,  'I
 defend.'  A preservative or preventive.
   PROPHYLACTIC MEDICINE, Hygiene.
   VROFKYLAX'IS,Prophyl'ace,Prophylac'lice,
 Syntere'eie.   Same etymon.  Praeerva'tio, Pra-
 eau'tio, Pracueto'dia. Preservative or  preventive
 treatment
   PROP'OLIS, from pro, and rroAif, 'city;' lite-
 rally, ' that which is  before the city.'   Ceranthe'-
 nine, Commo'aia, Bee-bread. A red, resinou3 mat-
 ter, with which the bees cover the bottom of tbr<
 hive.  Its fume has been esteemed antiasthmatic
   PROP'OMA, from pro, and troaa,  'a drink.
 Ancient  name of a medicine, composed of sevet
 parts of  honey and four of wine.  It was drun)
 before a  meal.—Paulus of iEgina.
   PROPORTIO, Symmetry.
   PROPOSITUM, Intention.
   PROPOTISMA, Mistura.
   PROPOTIS'MUS, trporronopos.  Same etymon.
 Prapo''tin.  An ancient name for medicines which
 were given to the patients before  purging them,
 and, in some sort,  to prepare them.
   PROPRIUS AURIUS EXTERNA, Retrahens
 auris.
   PROPTOMA, Prolapsus.
   Propto'ma Auricula'rum, Paraethe'aia audl-
 tueflacca, Flap Ear.  Lobe  of tbe  ear broad,
 loose, and pendent from birth.—Good.
   Proptoma Scroti, Rachosis.
   PROPTOSIS, Prolapsus — p. Palpebrae, Ble-
 pharoptosis — p. Uvulae, Staphyloedema.
   PROPTYSIS, Expectoration.
   PRORA, Occiput
    PRORRHESIS, Prognosis.
    PRORUPTIO SANGUINIS, Haemorrhagia.
    PROS, trpos. In composition, this prefix  gene-
 rally signifies 'in addition to,' 'over and above,'
 ' besides.'
    PROSARTHROSIS, Diarthrosis.
    PROSBOLE, Impression.
    PROSCHYSIS, Affusion.
    PROSCOLLESIS, Adherence, Agglutination.
    PROSECTEUR, Dissector.
    PROSECTIO, Anatomy.
    PROSECTOR, Dissector.
    PROSLEPSIS, Prehension.
    PROSODOS, Aditus.
    PROSOPALGIA, Neuralgia, facial.
    PROSOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses.
    PROSOPANTRI'TIS,  from proeopantra,  tha 
PROSOPARALYSIS
frontal sinuses, and iff*, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the frontal sinuses.
  PROSOPARALYSIS, Palsy, Bell's.
  PROSO'PIS  DULCIS, Ord. Leguminosae.   A
tree  of rather large size, native of  Peru.   The
fruit — Pacay — is a pod, from 20 to 24 inches
loiij;, containing black seeds imbedded in a white,
soft, flaky substance; which  last is eaten by  the
Limenos with pleasure.—Tschudi.
  PROSOPODYNIA, Neuralgia, facial.
  PROSOPODYSMOR'PHIA,  from  trpooioirov,
' the face,' ivs,' with difficulty,' and popipn,' shape.'
Malformation or atrophy of the face,— as where
the process of nutrition suffers from diminished
nervous influence.
  PROSOPOLOGIA, Physiognomy.
  PROSOPOMANTIA, Physiognomy.
  PROSOPON, Face.
  PROSOPORRHEU'MA,  Rhcumatis'mua fia'-
ciei, from irpooioirov, 'face,' and pevpa, ' defluxion,'
' rheumatism.'   Rheumatism affecting the face.
  PROSOPOSIS, Physiognomy.
  PROSOPOSPASMUS, Canine Laugh.
  PROSOPOSTERNODYMIA,  see Cephaloso-
niatodymia.
  PROSPERITAS VALETUDINIS, Sanitas.
  PROSPHORA, Prehension.
  PROS'PHYSIS, Adnascen'tia,  Coalil'io, 'ad-
hesion,  adherence, connexion,'  from pros, and
tpvie, 'I grow.'  In a  more  limited sense, this
word means morbid  adhesion  of the eyelids,
either between  themselves, or with the  globe of
the eye;  Ankyloblepharon.
  PROS'TASIS,  rrpotsraois, from irpo, and eraeis,
'station,'  'superiority,  preponderance;'   same
etymon as Proatate.   A  predominance or abun-
dance of excrementitious humour.—Hippocrates.
  PROSTATA, Prostate — p. Adenoides, Pros-
tate — p. Bartholini, Cowper's glands in the fe-
male—p. Glandula, Prostate—p. Muliebris, Cow-
per's glands in  the female.
  PROSTATA,  Prostate —p. Adenoides, Pros-
tate—p. Glandulosae, Prostate.
  PROSTATAL, Prostatic.
  PROSTATAL'GIA,  from  irpoarara, 'the pros-
tate,' and aXyos, ' pain.'   Pain in the prostate.
  PROSTATAUXE, Prostatoparectasis.
  PROSTATE, irpoarara, from irpo, 'before,' and
lornut, ' I stand.'—Proe'tata,  P. glandu'la, Pros'-
tata, P.  glandulo'aa  seu adenoidee,  Pnraa'tata
adenoidee seu glandulo'aa, Adstane,  Paras'tata,
P. gland'ula, Teatie  minor, Corjtna glandulo'aum
seu glando'stim seu adenifiorme seu gland iforme
Seu  glandulo'sum seu  adenoidee,  Assisten'tes
glandula, Ade'titesglandulo'si ; the Prostate gland.
A  glandular, cordit'orm  body, of the  size of a
chestnut, situate before the neck of the bladder,
behind the symphysis pubis, and surrounding the
first  portion of  the urethra.   Its excretory out-
lets,  to the number of 10 or 12, open into the part
ofthe urethra that traverses  it, and pour into it
a whitish viscid humour—Liquor proetat'icue —
intended to lubricate the interior of the urethra,
and  to  serve as a vehicle for the sperm  in  its
ejaculation.
  Prostate, Anterior, see Cowper's glands.
  PROSTATELCO'SIS, from rpoerara, 'pros-
tate.' and 'i^kos,  ' an  ulcer.'   Ulceration of  the

]" PROSTATES INFERIEURES,  Cowper's
glan,ls—p.  Petitee, Cowper's glands.
  PROSTAT'IC,  Proatai'icue,  Pros'tatal, (F.)
Prostatiqtte.  That which belongs or relates to
the prostate.   Winslow has  named —  Superior
Prostatic Mueclee — ligaments which pass from
tbe pubis to the lateral  parts of the prostate.  He,
also, calls—Inferior proatatic muactea—the fleshy
fibres, which, from the lateral parts ofthe urethra,
G3             PROTEINOUS
! near its membranous portion, pass to be inserted
1 into the pubis.
   Prostatic Bisec'tor.  An  instrument em-
 ployed by Dr. Stevens, of New York, in the bi-
 lateral operation of lithotomy.   In form it resem-
 bles a large olive, with a beak at the  extremity,
 cutting edges at the sides parallel to its longest
 axis, and with a straight handle.
   Prostatic Liquor, Liquor proatat'icus.  The
 fluid secreted by the prostate, which  mixes with
 sperm  during emission.
   Prostatic portion  of the Urethra.  The
 part of the canal of the  urethra included by the
 prostate : it is about 15  lines long.
   Prostatic Sinus, see Sinus, prostatic.
   PROSTATICUS   SUPERIOR,  Compressor
 prostatas.
   PROSTATIQUE, Prostatic.
   PROSTATITIS, Inflamma'tio Proe'tata, from
 irpoarara, 'the  prostate,'  and  itia, denoting in-
 flammation.  Inflammation of the prostate ; when
 accompanying  gonorrhcea,  it is the gonorrho-
 prostoti'tia.
   PROSTATOCELE, Prostatoncus.
   PROSTATON'CUS, Prostatoce'le, Tumor pros-
 tata,from irpoarara, 'the prostate,' and oyKos, 'a
 tumour.'  Swelling ofthe prostate.
   PROSTATOPARECTASIS, from  Trpoirrara,
 'prostate,'  and iraptucretvttv, 'to extend.'  En-
 largement of the prostate ; also, induration of the
 same, Prostatoscir'rhns,  Proetataux'e.
   PROSTATOSCIRRHUS,  see Prostatoparec-
 tasis.
   PROSTERNID'IUM, from  rpo, 'before,' and
 arepvov, ' the sternum.'  Any agent applied  to the
 anterior part of  the chest;  a plaster to the breast
   PROSTHESIS,  Prothesis.
   PROSTHETA, Subdita.
   PROSTHIUM, Penis.
   PROSTOM'IA, Commissu'ra labio'rum ; from
 irpo, ' before,' and aropa,  ' mouth."  The commis-
 sure of the lips.
   PROSTRA'TION,  Prostra'tio  vi'rium,  (F.)
 Proetration  dea forcee,  Abattement.'  Great de-
 pression of strength.  Almost total loss of power
 over the muscles of locomotion.
   PRO'TEA MELIF'ERA.  A South African
 plant, Nat. Ord. Proteaceae, whose involucra and
 flowers, at the  time  of inflorescence,  are  filled
 with a sweet watery liquid,  which   contains  a
 great deal of honey.  By inspissation  it forms a
 delicious syrup—Syr'upua Pro'tea, which is much
i used in pulmonary affections.
   Protea Lepidocarpon, and  some  other Pro-
 teiE, supply  the same kind of juice.
   PRO'TEAN,  Pro'teiform, Proteiform'ia, from
 Proteua, who could assume various shapes.  As-
 suming different shapes.
   PROTEIFORMIS, Protean.
   Proteiform'is Morbus.  A disease which as-
 sumes various characters.
   PRO'TEIN, Proteine, Protei'na,  from irpwrtvia,
 ' I take first rank.'  A product of the decomposi-
 tion of albumen, Ac, by potassa.  When animal
 albumen, fibrin  or casein is dissolved in a mode-
 rately strong solution of caustic potassa, and the
 solution is exposed for  some time to a high tem-
 perature, these substances  are decomposed.  The
 addition of acetic acid causes,  in all three, the
 separation of a  gelatinous  translucent precipitate
 which  has exactly the same characters and com-
 position.   This  is protein. — Mulder.
   Protein  is  the basis  of-animal and vegetable
 fibrin, albumen, and casein, and of gluten, which
 have been, consequently, classed under the  " pro-
 teinaceons alimentary principle," by Dr. Pereira.
   PROTEINACEOUS, Proteinous.
   PRO'TEINOUS, Proteina'ceoue, Proteino'sut, 
PROTElNETJX          TG4           PRUNUS  ACACIA
(F.) ProtSlneux.  Of, or belonging to protein; —
as "a proteinous alimentary principle."
  PROTEINEUX, Proteinous.
  PROTENSIONES GLANDULARES,  Mam-
millary eminences.
  PROTH'ESIS, Proa'theaia, Adjunc'tio, Adjec'-
tio, Appoel'tio, ' addition, application ;' from irpos,
' in addition to,'  and ri$vpi, ' I put'   That part
of surgery whose object  is to add to the human
body some artificial part, in place of one that may
be wanting, as a  wooden leg, an artificial eye, Ac.
  PROTMESIS, Umbilicus, Kidney.
  PROTO AZOTATE DE MERCURE, Hy-
drargyri nitras.
   PROTOGALA, Colostrum.
   PROTOIATROS, Archiater.
   PROTOMEDICUS, Archiater.
   PROTOM US,  Dissector.
   PROTOPATHIA, Idiopathia.
   PRO'TOPHYTE,  Protoph'yton, from trpmros,
' first,' and tpvrov, ' a plant' A vegetable produc-
tion at the foot of the scale;  as a cryptogamous
plant, — a fungus.
   PRO'TOPLAST.fromirpuros,'first,'and -irXaoooi,
' I form.'   A primary formation.  A first formed
organized body — the parent of all others.
   PROTOSPOROS, Os uteri.
   PROTOZO'ON, from irpoiros,  'first,' and frov,
' an animal.'  An animal lowest in the scale ; —
as a monad.
   PROTRAHENS LENTIS,  Ciliary muscle.
   PROTRUSION, Prolapsus.
   PROTU'BERANCE,  Protuberan'tia,  Extube-
ra'tio, Prominen'tia,Excreecen'tia, Extuberan'tia,
from pro, ' before,' and tuber, 'a projection.'  (F.)
Boeae.  A name given to rough, unequal protu-
berances, seen at the surface  of certain organs;
the parietal protnberancee,occipitalprotuberancee,
annular protuberancee, Ac.
   Protuberance,  Annular, Pons Varolii — p.
Cerebral,  Medulla  oblongata,  Pons Varolii—p.
 Cylindro'ide, Cornu  ammonis.
   PROTUBERANTIA, Eminence—p. Annularis
Willisii, Pons Varolii—p. Basilaris, Pons Varolii
—p. Cylindrica, Cornu ammonis.
   PROTRUSOR, Detrusor urinae.
   PROULIMATESIS.   A word  employed  by
Forestus for hernia of the stomach [?].
   PROUNE, Prunus domestica.
   PROVENTRIC'ULUS, Bulbue glandulo'ette,
Infundib'ulum,  Second etomach;  from irpo, 'be-
fore,' and veiitriculua, ' the stomach.'  A bulbous
expansion  at  the termination of the oesophagus,
immediately above  the gizzard of birds, the walls
 of which  are thickly  studded  with a layer of
glands or follicles which secrete a digestive fluid.
   PROVERBS, MED'ICAL.   A proverbial ex-
 pression frequently  contains  sound sense in  its
 directions.  In  medicine, the greatest collection
 is  in the Regimen of Health ofi the School of Sa-
 lem um, composed in the 11th  century, by John
 of Milan.  Yet, although good sense  is often  in-
 culcated, we frequently meet with the reverse.
   Most of the proverbs  are hygienic.  The fol-
 lowing are a few.

 1. Qu' aprle la  eoupe un coupe d'excellent vin
    Tire un Seu de la poche du mSdecin.

 2. Surge quintd, prande nond, cana quintd, dormi
     nond, nee eet morti vita prona.

 3. Nunquam  recte  corpue exerceri  eine animo,
     neque animum  eine corpore poeee.

 4. Viande bien  machSe eet 6) demi digirSe.

 5. Optimum condimentum fames.
    Appetite is the best sauce.

 I. Plures occidit gula quam gladiue.
1.  Early to bed and early to rise,
   Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wwo.

8.  One man's meat's another man's poison.

9.  An ounce of prevention is better than a pound
    of cure.

  PROVERSIO, Anteversion.
  PROVINS, MINERAL WATERS OF.  Cha-
lybeate springs in the  department of  Seine et
Marne, France, which  contain carbonic  acid and
iron.
  PROVOCATORIUS, Intercalary.
  PROXIMAD, see Proximal aspect.
  Proximal,  from  proximus,  'next'   Proxi-
mate ; nearest; next.
  Proximal Aspect.   An  aspect towards tho
trunk, in the course of an extremity. — Barclay.
Prox'imad is used by the same writer adverbially
to signify ' towards the trunk.'
   PRUNA, Anthrax.
   PRUNE, Prunum.
   Prune Juice Expectora'tion or Sputa.  The
sputa resembling prune juice, which occur in the
third or purulent stage of pneumonia.
   PRUNE A U, Prunum.
   PRUNELLA, Angina  pectoris, Aphthae, Cy-
nanche, Pupil.
   Prunel'la, P. vulga'rie seu officina'lie, Bru-
nella, Consolida minor, Sym'phytnm minue, Self-
heal,  Heal-all, Bugle,  (F.)  Prunelle,  Brunelle ;
 Ord.  Labiatae.   Sex.  Syst. Didynamia Gymno-
spermia.  This plant has been recommended aa
an astringent, in hemorrhages and fluxes;  and,
also,  in gargles against aphthae,  and in inflam-
mation of the fauces.
   PRUNELLA SAL, Potassae nitras  fusus sul-
phatis paucillo mixtus.
   PRUNELLE, Prunella, Pupil.
   PRUNELLIER,  Prunus spinosa.
   PRUNELLOE, Prunum Brignolense.
   PRUNEOLA SYLVESTRIS, Prunus spinosa,
   PRUNES,  see  Prunum —p.  Pulp  of, Pruni
 Pulpa.
   PRUNI PULPA, Pulp of pmnee.   Take of
 prtinee a sufficient quantity, soften them in the
 vapour of boiling water, and having separated
 the stones, beat the remainder in a marble mortar
 and press through a hair-sieve. — Ph. U. S.
   PRUNIER, Prunus domestica — p. Sauvage,
 Prunus spinosa.
   PRUNUM.  A dried  Plum,  a Prune.  (F.)
 Pruneau.   Three  sorts  of Prunes  bave  been
 usually ranked amongst the articles of the mate-
 ria medica.   1. The Prunum Brignolen'ee; the
 Brignole plum or Prunel'loe; from Brignole  in
 Provence.   It is of a reddish-yellow colour; and
 has a very grateful, sweet, subacid taste.  2. The
 Prunum  Gal'licum,  Prunum (Ph.  U.  S.),  the
 French Prune ; and 3. The Prunum Damaace'niim
 or Damaon, Brab'ylon.  All these possess the
 same general qualities as the other summer fruits.
 Tbey are emollient and laxative.
   Prunum Stellatum, Averrhoa carambola.
   PRUNUS ACACIA, Prunus padus.
   Prunus Armeni'aca, Armeniaca vulga'rie sen
 epiro'tica.  The  A'pricot, Aprieock, Bericac'ci,
 (icoiKOKKn, Praeoc'ia, (F.) Abricotier.  Ord. Rosa-
 cea}.   Sex.  Syat. Icosandria  Monogynia.  The
 apricot, Melum Armeniacttm, (F.) Abricot, when
 ripe, is easily digested, and considered as a great
 delicacy.
    Prunus A'vium, P. cer'aeue seu eylveet'rie seu
 macrophylla,  Cer'aeue A'vium  seu  nigra seu
 dulcie, Black Cherry  Tree, (F.) Meritier.  The
 fruit is eaten; and a gum exudes from the tree,
 the properties of which  are similar to  those of
 gum Arabic.
    Prunus Capulin, (S.) Capuliee, grows in the 
PRURIGINOUS            7
open fields of Peru; and is cultivated in gardens
in tho towns.  The fruit is  acid, and not often
eaten ; but on account of its agreeable odour it is
used in making Pucheroe*de floree; or with odo-
riferous flowers fo perfume linen. — Tschudi.
 _ Prunus Cer'asus, Cer'aeue ac"ida seu horten'-
sis  seu  vulga'ris seu rubra.  The  Red  Cherry
Tree; (F.)  Cerisier.   The fruit Cer'asitm, Cera'-
eion, has a pleasant, acidulous sweet flavour.  It
is wholesome.  See Prunus  avium.
  Prunus  Domes'tica.   The  Plum  or Damson
tree, Coccyme'lea, Proune, (F.) Pruuier ordinaire.
The damson, when perfectly ripe, affords a whole-
some fruit for pies, tarts,  Ac. It is  gently laxa-
tive.   See Prunum.
  Prunus Hortensis, P. cerasus.
  Prunus  Insi'tia.   The  Bullace  Plum  Tree.
The fruit of this tree is used like the damson.
  Prunus Lauro-Cer'asus, Cer'asus lauro-cera-
sus, Padtte  lauro-cerasus, Poison Laurel, Cherry
Laurel, Common  Laurel, Lauro-eeraaue, (F.) Lau-
rier-ceriee,  L. amandier, L. de TrSbisonde.   The
leaves, Lauro-cer'aeus, (Ph. E. and D.) have a bit-
ter, styptic taste, with the  flavour  of bitter  al-
monds.  The flowers have a  similar flavour.  The
powdered leaves, applied to the nostrils, excite
sneezing.  The flavour of the leaves has given
occasion to their being  employed in  tarts, cus-
tards, Ac. ; but in large  quantities they are poi-
 sonous.  The poisonous  principle is the prussic
 acid.  The distilled water,  called Laurel-water,
 is poisonous.  (See Poisons, Table of.)  An Aqua
 Lauro-cer'asi,  Cherry Laurel-water, is officinal
 in  the Edinburgh and  Dublin Pharmacopoeias.
 Dose/'WK xxx to f ^j.
   Prunus Macrophylla, P. avium.
   Prunus  Padus, Padue,  P.  a'rium,  Cer'aeue
 Padua seu  racemo'aua eylvea'trie,  Wild cluster or
 Bird  Cherry Tree, (Sc.) Hagberry, Hack-berry,
 (Prov.)  Heckberry, (F.) Cerisier d grappee, Bois
 puant.   The  bark of the  tree has  a fragrant
 smell, and a bitter sub-astringent taste, somewhat
 similar  to that of bitter almonds.  It has been
 recommended in intermittents, Ac, in the form
 of decoction.   The berries have been used in
 dysentery.
   Prunus Sebastina, Sebastina.
   Prunus Spino'sa.  The  Sloe Tree, P. eylvea'-
 trie seu Aca'cia, Agriococcime'lea, Agru'na, Agru-
 lie'la,  (F.)  Prunellier,  Prunier  eauvage.   The
 fruit—the aloe—is sometimes employed in gargles,
 and was  formerly much used  in  hemorrhage,
 owing to the astringent properties.  The Aca'cia
 noetrae  seu German'ica  seu vulga'rie,  Prune'ola
 sylves'tris,  Succus acacia   noatra'tie,  S. Acacia
  Germanica inepieaa'tueis obtained from this.
   Prunus  Sylvestris, P.  Avium, P. Spinosa.
   Prunus Virginia'na, Cer'aeue eero'tina  seu
  Virginia'na, fhoke  cherry, Wild Cherry Tree,
 (F.) Cerieier 'de  Virginie.  The bark of this  tree
 has  been  found useful  in  intermittents.    The
 leaves are poisonous to certain animals, and the
 berries intoxicate different kinds of birds.   The
  Indians use the  bark  in the cure  of syphilis.  It
 is  bitter and astringent,  and possesses some  aro-
  matic warmth, and likewise a sedative quality. It
 is  stimulant and tonic.  The leaves contain prus-
 sic acid.   The distilled  oil of the  bark is  very
 nearly identical  with that  of the bitter  almond.
 A  strong decoction of the bark is anthelmintic.
    Prunus Vulgaris, P. Padus.
    PRURIG"INOUS, Prurigino'eue, (F.)Prurigi-
 neitx.  Same etymon as the next.  Relating, or
 belonging to, or resembling prurigo.
   PRURI'GO, Pruri'tue, Chris'ma ; from prurio,
  prun'tum, 'to itch.'   The  word is  often used
 synonymously with  itching.  Willan and  Bate-
 man use the terra for a genus  of cutaneous  dis-
 eases, the characteristic  symptoms  of which are
PSEUDAPHE
 a severe itching, accompanied by an eruption of
 papulae  of nearly the  same colour as the adjoin-
 ing  cuticle ;   Cnesmos,  Scabies papulifiorm ' ie,
 Exor'mia prurigo.  It affects the  whole surface
 ofthe skin, under three varieties of form; — the
 P. mitie, P. formi'cana,  P. aenllia, Ac, as well
 as some parts of the body, as tho P. pod'icia, and
 P.  puden'di mulie'brie,  Puden'dagru pru'riene,
 Pruri'tue vulva, (F.) Prttrit de la vulve.
  Prurigo, Heat — p. Pedieularis, Phtheiriasis.
  PR URIT, Itching—p. de la Vulve, see Prurigo.
   PRURITUS, Gargalus, Itching, Prurigo —p.
 Vulvae,  see Prurigo.
   PRUSSIAN BLUE. Ferrum Zobt'icum sen Bo-
 rus'eicum seu Cyanogena'tum seu oxydula'tum hy-
 drocyan'iciim,  Ferri Ferrocy'anae seu Ferrocya-
 ntire'turn seu  Cyauure'ttun  seu  Percyan'idum,
 Borue'eiae  seu Pi ussiae seu Hydrocy'anae Ferri,
 Caru'leum  Borne'eicum seu Berolinen'ae,  Trito-
 hydro-ferrocy'anate or Ferrocyanuret or Ferro-
 prue'eiate  of iron, (F.)  Bleu de Prueae, B. de
 Berlin.   In the  Pharmacopoeia of the United
 States, the pure salt—Ferri ferrocyanuret um—is
 directed to  be  made as follows;  Ferri Sulph. ^iv,
 acid eulph. f JJiiiss, acid  nitric. f5>vj or  q. s., po-
 taasii ferrocyanuret. t^ivss, aqua, Oij.   Dissolve
 the sulphate in a pint of water, and having add-
 ed the  sulphuric  acid, boil the solution.   Pour
 into it the  nitric  acid, in small portions, boiling
 the liquid  for a minute  or two after each addi-
 tion, until  it no longer produces a dark colour;
 then allow the liquid to cool.  Dissolve the ferro-
 cyanuret of potassium in the remainder of  the
 water, and add this solution gradually to the first
 liquid, agitating the mixture after each addition ;
 then pour it upon a filter.  Wash the precipitate
 with boiling water until the washings pass taste-
 less.   Lastly, dry and rub into powder.   This
 salt is chiefly  used in  the preparation  of the hy-
 drocyanic acid and the cyanuret of mercury.  It
 has been advised in  the treatment of  intermit-
 tents, and in epilepsy and  serophulosis.  Exter-
 nally, it has been applied  to ill-conditioned ulcers.
 (^i to ^j, of cerate.)  Dose, four to six grains.
  ' PSALIDIUM, Fornix.
I   PSALIS, Fornix, Scissors.
   PSALTERIUM. Lyra.
   PSAMMA,  see Gravel.
   PSAMMIS'MUS,  Ammia'mua,   Gammis'mus,
 from xpaupos, ' sand.'  Arena'tio. The application
 of sand to any part of the body for the cure of
 disease. —Paulus.
   PS AMMO DES, Sabulous.
   PSAMMUS, see Gravel.
   PSA UTIER, Omasum.
   PSELLIS'MUS, -beXXtapos, Psellotes, ifrcXXorns,
  from xpeXXt^io, 'I stutter.'  Imperfect or depraved
  state of the articulation.  A genus in  the class
  Pneumatica, order Phonica, of Good.
   Psellismus Nasitas,  Rhinophonia— p. Rho-
  tacismus, Rotacism.
   PSELLOTES, Balbuties.
   PSEUDACACIA ODORATA, Robinia  pseu-
  dacacia.
   PSEUDAC'OE, Pseudacoi'a, Pseudecoi'a, from
  ipevins< ' false,' and aeon, 'audition.' Pseudacu'eis.
  False hearing.
    PSEUDACORUS,  Iris pseudacorus.
    PSEUD^ESTHE'SIA, Senstts perver'sus, from
  <levins, 'false,' and ateSavopai, 'I feel.' aia^nots,
  ' feeling.'  Parapsis illueo'ria, Pseuda'phe,  Pseu-
  daph'ia, (F.) PseudesthSsie.   Depraved feeling.
  Imaginary sense of touch or general  feeling in
  organs  that have no existence.  Common to those
  who have suffered amputation; and to hypochon-
  driacs and the insane.
   PSEUDALEI  MORBI, Feigned diseases.
   PSEUDANGUSTURINUM, Brucine.
   PSEUDAPHE, Pseudaesthesia. 
PSEUDARTHROSIS
766
PSOLE
  PSEUDARTHRO'SIS, Pseudarticula'tio,
Peeudaitic'nltis, Articulu'tio notha seu artificia'-
lie, from \ptvons, ' false,' and apSpov, ' a joint.'  A
false joint or articulation ;  Artic'ulus novita seu
epii'rius seu praternatura'lie, (F.)  Articulation
eitriiuniSraire.
  PSEUDARTICULATIO, Pseudarthrosis.
  PSEI'DECOIA, Pseudacoe.
  PSEUD.KXCEPH'ALUS, Paraceph'alits, from
dtudijj, 'false,' and lyKcipaXov, ' the  encephalon.'
A monster, whose cranium is open in its whole
extent, from before to behind, its base supporting
a vascular tumour. — I. G. St. Hilaire.
  PSEUDEST1IESIE, Pseudaesthesia.
  PSEUDO, False—p. Asthma, Dyspnoea.
  PSEUDOBLEP'SIA. Peeudoblepais, Pseudo-
ra'aia, Suffn'sio oc'uli, from  ipevins,  'false,' and
(3\£t^(S, ' sight.'  Pseiidops'ia, Porop'sie illuao'ria,
Suffu's'io,  Phantas'ma, False sight.   A  generic
name, used by Cullen for perversion  of vision.
See Metamorphopsia.
  PSEUDOBLEPSIS, Paropsis.
  PSEUDOCARCINOMA LABII, Cancer aqua-
ticus.
  PSEUDOCHROMIA, Achromatopsia.
  PSEUDOCROUP, Asthma thymicum.
  PSEUDOCYESIS, Pregnancy, false—p. Oye-
sis molaris, Mole.
  PSEUDOENCEPHALITIS, Hydrencephaloid
disease.
  PSEUDO-FEVER, Irritation, morbid.
  PSEUDOGEU'SIA,  Pseudogeu'sie,  Pseudo-
getts'tia, from  ilcvins, 'false,' and yevots, 'taste.'
Hullucina'tio gustds.   False taste.
  PSEUDOGEUSTIA, Pseudogeusia.
  PSEIDOHELMINTHES, Ectozoa.
  PSEUDOLI'EN,  Pseudosplen,  from  ^levins,
'false,' and lieu, 'spleen.'   Glands situate in tbe
neighborhood of  the spleen; probably, lymphatic
glands.
  PSEUDOMECHOACANA, Convolvulus pan-
duratus.
   PSEUDOMEDTCUS, Charlatan.
   PSEUDOMELANOTIC  FORMATIONS,  see
Anthracosis.
   Pseudomelanotic Meninx, Membrane, false—
p. Metamorphosis polvposa, polypus.
   PSEUDOMEMBRANA, Membrane, false.
   PSEUDOMEMBRANE,  Membrane, false.
   PSEUDONARCISSUS,  Narcissus pseudouar-
 cissus.
   PSEUDONOMA'NIA. from -levins, 'false,'and
 mania.  A form of insanity,  which is  character-
 ized by a morbid propensity for lying.
   PSEUDO-P \RASITES, Ectozoa.
   PSEUDOPERIPNEUMONIA, Peripneumonia
 notha.
   PSEUDOPIILOGOSIS VENTRICULI RESO-
 LUTIVA ET COLLIQUATIVA, Gastromalacia.
   PSEUDOPHTHI'SIS.  'False phthisis.' Ema-
 ciation occasioned by other  cause  than  organic
 lesion of the lungs.
   PSEUDOPLAS'MATA, from if/tvins,  'false,'
 and  irXaccu), ' I form.'  A term applied to malig-
 nant heterologous tumours.—Vogel.
   PSEUDOPLEURITIS,  Pleurodynia —p.  Po-
 lypi, see Polypi — p.  Pyrethrum, Achillea ptar-
 mica — p. Spleen, Pseudolien.
   PSEUDOPNEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia  no-
  tha.
   PSEUDOPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia no-
  tha.
   PSEI'DOPSIA, Pseudoblepsia.
   PSEUDORASIS, Pseudoblepsia.
   PSEUDOREX'IA, Peeudorex'ie, from ipevSm,
  'false,' and opt^ts, 'appetite.'  False appetite.
   PSEUDO RHONCHUS, from  Renins, 'false,'
  xnd poyxts, ' rattle.'   A sound heard during re-
  spiration, which  appears to be produced, like the
ordinary rhonchi, in the air-tubes, but is exterior
t() them—as in the case of pleural psettdorlionclit.
See Rattle, and Rale.
  PSEUDOSCOP'IC, Peeudascop icur, from
4,tvint, 'false,' and «o««,  'I view.'   Conveying
false impressions to the eye; as where projecting
surfaces are seen depressed, and conversely.
  PSEUDOS' MTA, Peendoephre'eia, Pseuiloa-
phre'eie,  from Renins, 'false,' and oopn,  'smell.'
False sense of smell.
  PSEUDOSPIIRKSTA, Pseudosmia.
  PSEUDOSYPHILIS, Syphilis pseudosyphilis.
  PSEUDOTHANATOS, Asphyxia.
  PSEUDOVARIOL.&,  Varicella.
  PSEUDYMEN. Membrane, false.
  PSID'IUM POMIF'ERUM.   The Apple Gua-
va,  Gtiara.  Guayaia.   Ord.  Myrtaceae.  This
plant and P. Pyriferum  bear fruits ; those of the
former like apples,—of tbe  latter like pears.  Tho
apple kind has an acid flavour, the other is sweet.
Of  tbe  inner pulp of either, the natives of  the
Indies make jellies;  and, ofthe outer rind, tarts,
marmalades, Ac.  They are somewhat astringent;
this quality, indeed, exists in every part of the
tree, and abundantly in the leaf-buds, which  are
occasionally boiled with  barley and  liquorice as
an  excellent drink in diarrhoea.  A simple decoc-
tion of the leaves is said to be useful in the itchr
and most cutaneous eruptions.
   PSILOSIS. Depilation.
   PSILOTHRUM, Bryonia alba, Depilatory.
   PSIMMYTHON, Plumbi subcarbonas.
   PSOA, Dysodia.
   PSO^E,  Peoia,  Paya, xpoai,  see  Lumbi,  ' the
loins.'  The psoae muscles;  Alop'ecee, Nephro-
me'tra, Neurome'teree.
   PSOAS  MAGNUS, Psoas seu lumba'ria inter'.
nua, Femur moven'tium eextna, Pre-lombo-trochrtn-
tin, PrS-lombo-trochantinien  (Ch.).   A  muscle,
seated on the lateral parts  of the lumbar portion
of  the  vertebral column ;  and  passing down to
the superior and anterior part of the  thigh.  It
is  long, fusiform, and  attached, above, to  the
body and  transverse processes  of the  first  four
lumbar vertebras, and last dorsal.  Below, it ter-
 minates, by a very  thick  tendon, common  to it
 and the iliacus muscle, — which  is inserted  into
 the top of the lesser trochanter.  This muscle
bends the  thigh upon the pelvis, and carries it in
 rotation outwards.  It may, also, bend the pelvis
 on the thigh, and the loins on the pelvis. It acts
 considerably in station and progression.
   Psoas  Parvus,  PrS-lombo-pubien,  (Ch.) A
 muscle situate anteriorly to the last.  It is long,
 thin, flat,  and narrow; and is attached, above, to
 the body of the last dorsal vertebra, and below,
 to  the  linea ileo-pectinea,  hy means of a slender
 tendon, which furnishes two expansions — one to
 the Iliac aponeiiroeie, and  the other»to the pelvie.
 This muscle bends the vertebral  column on  the
 pelvis; and, reciprocally, the  pelvis on  the  ver-
 tebral column.
   PSODYMUS, Gastrodidymus.
   PSOIjE, Psoae.
   PSOtTE, Psoitis.
   PSOI'TIS, Inflamma'tio miis'cnli Psoas, Lum-
 ba'go inflammato'ria epaemod'ica, (F.) Psoite, In-
 flammation  du mttecle Paoae.   From  xpoat,  'the
 loins,' 'the psoae muscles,' and itie, denoting in-
 flammation.  Inflammation of the psoas muscles
 and of the parts situate before tbe lumbar verte-
 bras : accompanied, from  its commencement, by
 considerable  fever,  violent pains  in  the  part
 affected and in the thigh ofthe same side, which
 remains commonly half bent.   Psoitis may termi-
 nate by suppuration, and form  a lumbar abscess.
    PSOLE, \f.wXn, 'the  male  organ.'  Also, the
 glans when uncovered. 
PSOLON                  767             PSYDRACIA
   PSOLON, Membrosus.
   PSOLON'CUS, from  psole, and  oyeos, 'a tu-
 mour.'   Swelling of the glans,  or  of the penis
 generally.
   PSOLUS, from psole.   One who has the glans
 uncovered.  One who hag been circumcised.
   PSOPHOMETER, Stethoscope.
   PSOPHOS, tpotpos, 'a noise.'   Aloud noise; a
. hollow sound.
   PSORA, from  xptaia, 'I  rub  gently.'  Sca'bies,
 Phlyeie  seu Evpye'eie  Scabiee,  Scabiola,  Itch,  j
 Scratch, Scotch fiddle, (Prov.) Ichet,  Scraf, (Sc.)
 the Re if, Youk, Yuke, (F.) Gale, Mal Saint-Main,
 Rogue.   A  contagious eruption of very minute
 pimples—pustular, vesicular, papular,  intermixed,  ]
 and alternating, itching intolerably and  termina-
 ting in scabs.  It seems to be connected with an
 insect  of the genus Acarue ; — the Ac'arue seu
 Sarcop'tee sen Sarcop'tua seu Phthlrium seu Chey-
 le'tita Scabiei, Ac'arua Ciro, Itch-inaect, Itch-ani-
 malcule, Itch mite, (F.)  Ciron.  The itch occupies,
 particularly, the spaces between the  fingers, tbe
 back of  the hands, wrists, elbows, axillae, groins,
 hams,  Ac, and rarely affects the face.   The best
 applications, for its cure, are, — the  Unguentum
  Sulphuris or Ung. Sulph. comp. night and morn-
  ing; but the unpleasant smell of thesulphur has
  given occasion to the use of other means ;—as the
   White Hellebore, Potase in deliqueacence, Muriate
  of Ammonia, Sulphuric Acid, Ac.   The repug-
  nance to the smell of sulphur ought not, however,
  to be  regarded; especially as,  in  the course of
  four or five days, it will, in almost  all cases, pro-
  duce a perfect cure.
    Psora Agria, Psoriasis inveterata.
    Psora Ebrio'rum, Drunkard'e Itch.  An erup-
  tion, attended  by  afflicting  itching, to which
  elderly people,  who have been much addicted to
  drinking alcoholic liquors, are liable.—Darwin.
    Psora Leprosa, Psoriasis—p. Squamosa, Pso-
  riasis.
    PSORALEA, Psoralea pentaphylla.
    Psora'lea  GLANdulo'sA, from  -^wpaXeos
  'scurfy  or scaly,' in reference to its scurfy glands
  or dots.  Al.vaquil'la.  Ord. Leguminosae.   Sex.
  Syst. Diadelphia Decandria.   A shrub, used in
  Chili as a  vulnerary.  The Paraguay tea  is re-
  ferred to it by M. Lenoble, of Montevideo.   See
  Ilex Paraguensis.
    Psora'lea  Pentaphyl'la, Psora'lea, Contra-
  yer'va nova, Mcx'ican Contrayer'va.   The root is
  little,  if at all, inferior to the contrayerva  in its
   medical properties;  which, by the by, are unim-
  portant.
    PSORENTERIA, Cholera.
    PSORI'ASIS, (same etymon as  Psora,) for-
   merly, the  state of being affected  with  -inapa.
   Lcpido'sie psorlasie, Serpe'do, Serpigo, Impeti'-
  go (of some), Sca'biea aic'ca  sen fieri na,  Psora
   lepro'sa seu  srjitamo'sa, Scaly Tetter, Dry  Scale,
   Dry Scall, (F.) Dartre equameuae  lichenoide, D.
   Seailleuae,  Gratelle,  Gale miliare, G. caiiine ou
  seche. A cutaneous affection, consisting of patches
   of rough,  amorphous scales; continuous,  or of
  indeterminate outline; skin often chappy.   Pso-
  riasis occurs under a considerable variety of forms.
  The surface, under the scales, is more tender and
  irritable than  in lepra, which psoriasis, in some
  respects, resembles.  Dr.  Willan has  given names
  to eleven  varieties  of psoriasis:  the  chief of
  which are tbe Psoriaaia gutta'ta, P. d iff ilea (one
  form of which is the Baker's  Itch  and Grocer'e
  Itch; and another, the Washerwoman's Scall), the
  P. gyra'ta, and P. invetera'ta seu  Peora a'gria.
  The treatment of irritable psoriasis must be anti-
  phlogistic,  with  tbs  internal  use  of the fixed
  alkalies, sulphur,  Ac.  They  do better without
  any local application.  The more  local  and less
  inflairmatory are ameliorated by  emollient and
soothing applications;  or by slightly stimulating
means,  sea-bathing, the Ung.  hydrarg.  nitrico-
oxyd.,  Ung. oxidi zinci, Ac.
  PSORIC, Pao'ricue,  (F.)  Paoriqnc,  Galettx;
from xpuipa, 'itch.'  That which has the  nature
of itch.  A medicine for curing the itch.
  PSOROCOMI UM, from  -Impa, • the itch,* and
(co/ifu,  'I  take care of.' An  hospital for those
affected with  itch.
  PSOROPHTHALMTA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi—p.
Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (purulenta  infan-
tum).
  PSYJ3, Psom.
  PSYCHAGOGA, Psyrhagogica.
  PSYCIIAGO'GICA,  Psych a go'go, from ^vp,
'life,' 'soul,'  and ayui,  'I lead.' Medicines which
resuscitate, when life seems extinct; as  in  syn-
cope and apoplexy.
  PSYCHE,  Anima.
  PSYCIIIA'TER.  Same etymon as the next.
One who  treats diseases ofthe mind — a Mad-
doctor,  (F.) MSderin de fone, AliSniste.
  PSYCHIATRI'A,  from  ^17,  'mind,' and
tarptm, ' healing.'   Treatment of diseases of the
mind.
   PSYT'CniCAL, Psy'chicus, from t\vXn, 'mind.'
That which relates to the mind or mental endow-
ments.  Psycholoy"ical is not unfrequently used
with the like signification.
   PSYCHOLOGICAL, see Psychical.
   PSYCHOLOGY, Psycholofia,  from  u^xn,
'mind,' and Xoyos, 'discourse.'  A treatise on the
intellectual and moral  faculties.  Also, the intel-
lectual and moral  faculties or sphere.
   PSYCHONOSOL'OGY, Peychouosolog"ia, from
tpvXn,  'mind,'  voaos, 'disease,' and Xoyos, 'a de-
scription.'  The doctrine of, or a treatise on, dis-
eases of the  mind.
   PSYCHOPATHIES, Psychoses.
   PSYCHOR'AGES,  Agonlzans,  Moribun'due,
Mor'ibund, Fey, Fee,  Fie, from  tpvXn, 'mind,
' life,'  and payn,  ' rupture.'   Dying; in  Articulo
Mortie, "in  the article of death;" in extre'mie.
Moribund means,  also, one who is dying.
   PSYCHORAGIA, Agony,  Death.
   PSYCHORRHAGIA, Agony, Death.
   PSYCHOS,  Cold.
   PSYCHO'SES,  from tpvXn, 'mind.'  Neuroses
of  the intellect.   Diseases of the mind.  Psy-
chop'athics.
   PSYCHOTHERAPEI'A, from  tf,vXn,  'mind,'
and Stpairevw, 'I attend upon the sick.'   Treat-
 ment of disease through the mind.
   PSYCHOTICA, Analeptica.
   PSYCHOTRIA, Analeptica —p. Crocea,  Pali-
 courea crocea — p. Emetica, Ipecacuanha.
   PSYCHOTROPHUM, Betonica officinalis.
   PSYCHROLU'SIA,  Psychrolu'tron, from  \f,v-
ypos, 'cold,'  and Xovoi, 'I wash.'   A cold bath.
   PSYCHROPHOR'IA, from -lvXpos,  cold,' and
 tpofios,  'fear.'  Dread  of cold, especially  of cold
 water.  Impressibility to cold.
   PSYCHTICA, Refrigerants.
   PSYDRA'CIA.  quasi,  x^vepa  'vipaKin,  'cold
 drops,' from  \pvipaj-, \j.vipaKos, 'a small blister or
 pimple.'  The ancients sometimes used this terra
 for pimples; at others, for vesicles.  Willan and
 Bateman  define Peydracium to be, a small pus-
 tule, often irregularly circumscribed,  producing
 but a slight  elevation  ofthe cuticle, and termi-
 nating in  a  laminated scab.  Many of the psy-
 dracia  usually appear  together, and become con-
 fluent; and,  after  the discharge of pus, they pour
 out a  thin,  watery humour;  which  frequently
 forms   an  irregular incrustation.  Frank limits
 the term  to  a psoriform eruption, which differs
from itch  in  not originating from an insect, and
is not contagious ;—perhaps the lichen.  Authors
have differed regarding its acceptation. 
PSYLLIUM               768              PTERYGOID
      Psydraoia Acne. Acne.
      PSYLLIUM, Plantago psyllium—p. Erectum,
    Plantago psyllium.
      PT ARM ICA, Achillea ptarmica—p. Montana,
    Arnica montana.
      PTARMICUM, Errhine, Sternutatory.
      PTAR.MOS, Sneezing.
      PTELEA, Ulmus.
      Ptei.ea Trifolia'ta, Shrubby trefoil. Swamp
    dogwood,  Stinking aah, Stinking prairie bueh,
     Wingseed ; indigenous.  Order, XanthoxylacetB.
    Flowering in June.  Is said to  be  possessed of
    tintiperiodic virtues, and to be anthelmintic.
      PTERIS, Polypodium filix mas.
      Pteris  Aquili'na, (rrrcpv£, 'a  wing,'from the
    shape of its leaves.)  Pter'ia, Thelyp'terie, Filix
    Nympha'a seu fcemin'ea, Aeplc'nium aqnillnum,
    Common  Brake or Female  Fern t Eagle Fern,
    Bracken, (F.)  Fougere femelle, La grande  Fou-
    yirs.  Nat. Ord. Filices.   The root is considered
    to be anthelmintic; and as efficacious as that of
    the male fern in cases of tapeworm.
      Pteris  Palustris, Asplenium filix foemina.
      PTERNA, Calcaneum.
      PTERNIUM. Calcaneum.
      PTERNOBATES,  Calcip;radus.
      PTEROCARPUS ERINACEA, see Kino —p.
    Marsupium, see Kino — p. Sandalinus, P. Santa-
    linus.
      Pterocar'pus  Santali'nus, P.  Sandal!'una,
    (vrepov, 'a wing,'  and Kapiros, 'fruit,') San'talum
    seu San'datum Rubrum, Red Sandere  or Saundera
    Tree, (F.) Santal  rouge.  Ord.  Leguminosae.
    Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria.  Red Saunders
    wood, San'talum,  (Ph.  U.  S.,) Lignum eandali'-
    nttm is used only as a colouring matter: it gives
    to rectified spirit a fine deep red.  The  juice  of
    this tree, like that of P. Draco,  affords a species
    of Draqon'e Blood.
      PTEROCAULON  PYCNOSTACH'YUM, Co-
    ny'za pi/cnostnch'ya,  Black  root;   indigenous.
    Order, Composita;.  The root is used as an alte-
    rative in the form of decoction.  It is said to  be
    po.-s 'ssel of cathartic properties.
      PTEROS'PORA ANDROMEDE'A, (irrepov, 'a
    wing,' and c-ropa, ' seed,' in allusion to the singu-
    lar  wing borne by the seeds,) Scaly Dragon claw,
    Dragon root, Fever root, Albany beechdrop. .An
    indigenous plant, Nat. Ord. Monotropeae, Sex.
    Sgat. Decandria Monogynia:—found  in the State
    of New York, which blossoms in  July.  The root
    has  been  regarded as  an  anthelmintic, diuretic,
I    emmenagogue, Ac.: but is not used.
      PTERYG'ION, Pterygium, Ala, from trrcpvt,
    irrfpvyos, ' a wing.'  A  small wing.   Web, Onyx,
    Pyo'eie, Unguie,  (F.) Drapeau, Onglet.  A vari-
    cose excrescence  of the conjunctiva, of a trian-
    gular shape, and commonly occurring at the inner
    angle of the eye; whence it  extends over the
    cornea.   Sometimes two or three pterygia occur
    on  the  same eye, and cover  the whole cornea
    with a thick veil, which totally  prevents vision.
    According to Scarpa, the ancients gave the'name
    Pannic'ulue  to this  last  complication.  If the
    pterygion cannot be dispelled by means of discu-
    tient collvria, it must be jemoved by the scissors
      PTERYGIUM, Pterygion, Scapula—p. Di<riti!
    Paronychia—p. Lardaceum, Pinguecula—p. Pin-
    gue, Pinguecula.
      PTER'YGO, in the composition of anatomical
    terms, means  relating, or appertaining, to the
     pterygoid processes.
      PTERYGO-ANGULI-MAXILLAIRE. Ptery-
    goideus internus—p. Colli-maxillaire, Pterygoid-
    eus externus—p. Maxillaire, grand, Pterygoideus
    internus —p. Maxillaire, petit, Pterygoideus ex-
     ternus— p. Palatine canal, Pterygoid canal__p.
     Pharyngeus, Constrictor pharyngis — p. Staphy-
     iinus, Circumflexus.
  PTER'YG O-PAL'ATINE, Pterygo-Palati'nue.
That which belongs to the pterygoid process and
palate.                                .    ,
  PteryGO-Palatine Artery or  Superior pha-
ryngeal is  a very small artery, and  is given off by
the internal maxillary at the bottom of the zygo-
matic  fossa:  after  having  passed through  the
pterygo-palatine canal,  it is distributed  to  the
superior part  of the pharynx, the sphenoid bone,
and the Eustachian tube.
  Pterygo-Palatine  Canal.   A small  canal,
formed by the internal ala of  tbe  pterygoid pro-
cess, and  the palate bone.  It gives passage to
the vessels of the same name.
  PTERYGO-STAPHYLINUS INTERNUS,
Levator palati—p. Syiideemo-staphyli-pharyiigien,
Constrictor pharyngis.
  PTERYGODES, Alatus.
  PTER'YG01D,Pterygoi'des,Pterygoide'us,Ali-
for'mie ;  from irrtpv\,rtrtpvyos, 'awing,' and ttios,
' form.' A name given to two proceesee at the in-
ferior surface of the sphenoid  bone; the two la-
minae which form them  having been compared to
wings.  These ala or winge or proceasee,—Procee'-
sue uliform'ee, — have  been  distinguished,  ac-
cording to their position, into internal (ento-pte-
rygoid) and.external.
  Pterygoid Artery, Vid'ian Artery, Ram'ulue
Ductile Pterygo'ide'i, Arte'ria pharynge'a  eitpre'-
ma, arises from the internal maxillary artery, at
the bottom of the zygomatic fossa, and enters the
pterygoid canal with the nerve of the same name,
to  proceed to be distributed on the Eustachian
tube  and velum palati.  The name, pterygoid
arteriea, is likewise given to the branches,  which
the internal maxillary and some of its divisions,
as the meningea media,  and posterior temporalis
profunda, furnish to the pterygoid muscles,  be-
hind the neck of the lower jaw.
  Pterygoid Bone, Sphenoid.
  Pterygoid Canal, Vid'ian canal, Ductuspte-
rygoideus, Cana'lis  Vidia'nus, (F.)  Conduit ptSry-
go'idien ou Vldien, Pterygo-palatine canal, is  a
narrow channel, which traverses, in a  direction
from before to behind, the base of the pterygoid
process, and gives passage to the pterygoid nerve.
The foramina of the sphenoid, which terminate
the canals, have the same epithets  applied  to
them.
  Pterygoid Fossa, Foeea  Pterygoide'a, (F.)
Fosse ptSrygo'idienne ou ptSrygo'ide, is  the  de-
pression which  separates the two laminae  or alsa
of the pterygoid process.
  Pterygoid Mus'cles,  Ala'ree  mue'culi, Ali-
fiorm'ee mits'cnli,  are two in  number.   1. The
Pterygoideus externue seu minor,  (F.)  PtSrygo-
colli-maxillaire, Petit PtSrygo-maxillaire (Ch.),
Petit ptSrygoidien,  PtSrygo'idien  externe, is  a
thick, short muscle, which arises, by short apo-
neuroses,  from the  outer surface of the external
ala of the pterygoid.process, and  from the outer
surface of the great  ala of the sphenoid  bone;
and is inserted at  the  anterior part of the neck
of the lower jaw-bone, and the corresponding part
of the inter-articular fibro-cartilage.  This muscle
draws the condyle of the lower jaw and the inter-
articular ligament forwards.  It carries the chin
forwards,  and to the opposite side.  If the  two
external pterygoids  act together,  the jaw is car-
ried directly forwards.  2. The Pterygoideue in-
ternue seu major,  Masse'ter interline, Latene in
 Ore,  (F.) Grand  PtSrygo-maxillaire,  PtSrygo-
anguli-maxillaire, Grand PtSrygoidien ou PtSry-
goidien interne.  A thick, quadrilateral  muscle,
which is attached  by short  and very strong apo-
neuroses; above, to the pterygoid fossa,  whence
it proceeds downwards, backwards, and outwards
to be inserted into the inner surface of the ramus
of  the lower jaw, near  ita angle.  This muscia 
PTERYGO'/DIEN
769
PUCHURY
 raises the lower jaw, and carries it a little for-
 wards.  It also performs the grinding motion.
   Pterygoid Nerves.  These are two in  num-
 ber,   i. The Pterygoid  or Vid'ian Nerve.  It
 arises from  the posterior part of the  spheno-
 palatine ganglion ; traverses the Vidian canal of
 the sphenoid;  and, beyond, divides into two fila-
 ments.  1. A euperior or cranial, Nervus enperfi-
 cia'lie sive petro'eue,  which ascends into the cra-
 nium, and enters the hiatus of Fallopius to  unite
 with the facial nerve.  2.  An inferior or carotid,
 Nervtte prof undue sive major, which traverses the
 carotid  canal,  and  unites with  the ascending
 branches of the superior cervical ganglion of the
 trisplanchnic.   n. The  Pterygoid  Nerve,   pro-
 perly so called, Nervua  muaculi pterygo'idei, is
 given off by the inferior maxillary branch of the
 5th pair.
   Pterygoid Processes,  see Pterygoid.
   PTERYGO'fDIEN GRAND ou INTERNE,
 Pterygoideus internus—p. Externe, Pterygoideus
 externus—p. Petit,  Pterygoideus externus.   .
   PTERYGO'MA, from irrcpvl-, nrepvyos, ' a wing;
 a projecting or pendulous  body.'  A swelling of
 the vulva, which prevents coition. — M. A. Seve-
 rinus.
   PTERYX, Ala.
   PTILOSIS,  Deplumatio, Madarosis.
   PTISANA, Tisane — p.  Communis, Decoctum
 hordei compositum — p. Hippocratica, Decoctum
 hordei.
   PTISSANA, Tisane.
   PTOCHIA'TER,  Ptochia'true, from irriaXos,
 'poor,' and tarpos, 'a physician.'   A physician to
 the poor, or to an establishment for the poor.
   PTOCHIATRI'A.   Practice amongst the poor.
 Also, an institution for the treatment of the  dis-
 eases of the poor.
   PTOCHOCOMI'UM, from ima^s, ' a poor per-
 son,' and Ko/teio, 'I take care of;' Ptochodochlum,
 Piochei'um, Ptochotrophe'um.  An almshouse. An
 hospital for the  poor.  '
   PTOCHODOCHIUM, Ptochocomium.
   PTOCHOTROPHEUM,  Ptochocomium.
   PTOMA, Cadaver.
   PTOSIS, trrmo's, Prolapsus — p. Bulbi oculi,
 Exophthalmia.
   Ptosis I'ridis, Iridoce'le, Her'nia seu Prolap-
 sus  Tridia,  Iridopto'eie. from  irrwois,  ■' a  fall-
 ing.'   A prolapsus of the  iris  through  a wound
 of the cornea.  It is known by a blackish tubercle,
 which projects a little from the cornea in various
 forms.
   Ptosis Palpebra,  Blepharoptosis.
   PTYALAGOGUE,  Sialogogue.
   PTYALIN, see Saliva.
   PTYALISM,  Salivation.
   PTYALISME, Salivation—p. Mercuriel, Sali-
 vation, mercurial.
   PTYALISMUS, Salivation — p. Acutus melli-
 tus, see Salivation—p. Acutus sympatheticus, see
 Salivation—p. Hydrargyratus, Salivation, mercu-
 rial—p. Iners, Slavering—p. Mercurialis, Saliva-
 tion, mercurial — p. Pyrosicus,  Pyrosis.
   PTYALOGOGUE,  Sialogogue.
   PTYALON, Saliva.
   PTY-ASMAGOGUE, Expectorant, Sialogogue.
   PTYELON, Saliva, Sputum.
   PTYSIS, Exspuition.
   PTYSMA,  Saliva, Sputum.
   PTYSMAGOGUE,  Sialogogue.
   PTYSMATIS'CHESIS, Ptysmatos'cheaie, from
xrve/xa, ' sputum,' and tey^eiv, ' to retain.'  Sup-
pression of pulmonary expectoration.
  PTYSMATOSCHESIS, Ptysmatischesis.
  PUANT EUR, Dysodia.
  PUBENS, Ephebus.
  PUBER, Ephebus.
  PU'BERAL;  same  etymon  as  Puberty.   Re-
      49
 lating or appertaining to the age of puberty — as
 'apuberal disease.'
   PUB ERE, Ephebus.
   PURERTAS, Ephebia.
   PU'BERTY, Pubertae, Hebe, Pubes, Aphro-
 die'ia, Ephebia, Ephe'bia, Ephe'botes, Ephebo'-
 eyne,  Pubee'cence, from pubeacere, ' to begin to
 have hair on the chin  and sexual organs.'   The
 period of life at which young people of both sexes .
 are pubee'cent or nubile.  According to the civil
 law, puberty occurs at 12 years in femivles, and
 14 in males.  The period varies somewhat in dif-
 ferent  climates,  and in different individuals of
 the same climate.
   PUBES, Pubia, Epie'ch!ion, Cteia, Pecten; the
 Pubic region.  Same etymon.   The middle part
 of the hypogastric region ; so called, because it is
 covered with hair, in both sexes, at the period of
 puberty.  The hair is also called Pubee, Lnnu'go
 seu Pili, Pudendo'rum, Plauta'riuin; and, of old,
 Epicten'ion and pubertae signified the same.   See
 Tressoria.
   Pubes, Puberty.
   PUBESCENCE, Puberty.
   PUBESCENT, see Puberty.
   PUBLEUS, Pubic.
   PUBIC,  Pn'bian, Ptlbicue, Pubia'us,  (F.)
 Pubien.  That which belongs to or concerns the
 pubis.  .
   Pubic  Arch, Arch of the  Pubie, (F.) Arcade
 pubienne.  The arch at the  anterior part of tbe
 inferior circumference of the pelvis.   It is more
 expanded in the female than in the male;  to cor-
 respond with the additional functions which  she
 has to execute.
   Pubic  Articula'tion, Sym'physis  Pubis, re-
 sults  from the junction  of the ossa pubis.   The
 medium of union is cartilage.
   Pubic  Lig'aments are two very solid, fibrous
 fasciae, situate before and beneath tbe  symphysis
 pubis, which they strengthen.  The one is called
 the anterior pubic ligament; the other the infe-
 rior or subpubic.
   Pubic Region, Re'gio Pubis. The  region of
 the pubes.
   PUBIEN, Pubic
   PUBIO-COCCYGIEN-ANN TLAIRE,
 Pubio-coceyge'us  annula'ris.   Dumas  gave  this
 name  to  the levator ani and  ischio-coccygeus,
 which be considers a single muscle.
   PUBIO-COCCYGIEN-ANNULAIRE, Leva-
 tor Ani—p.  Femoral, Pectinalis—p. Feraoralis,
 Adductor longus  femoris—p.  Ombilical,  Pyra-
 midalis abdominis — p.  Prostaticus, Compressor
 prostatas—p. Soue-ombilical, Pyramidalis  abdo-
 minis— p. Sternal, Rectus abdominis — p.  Ure-
 thral, see Compressor Urethral
   PUBIS, Pubes.
   Pubis Os, Oa  Pec'tinie,  Epiaei'on,  Epiai'on,
 Epia'chion, Share  Bone, Bar-bone, (Sc.) Ark-
 bein.  The anterior part of the os innominatum ;
 so called  because it  corresponds to the genital
 organs and pubic region.  The angle ofi the pubie
 is  formed by the union of the body and rami  of
 each side.                               •>
   PUB'LKLE PARTES.  ' Public parts.'  Those
organs are so called, the object  of whose func-
tions is the nutrition  of all the others.   Such are
the digestive and respiratory organs.
  PUCCOON, Sanguinaria Canadensis —p. Red,
Sanguinaria Canadensis—p. Yellow,  Hydrastis
Canadensis.
  PUCE, Pulex irritans— p. de Bourgogne, see
Anthrax— p. Maligne, see Anthrax—^. PSni.
trante,  Chique.
  PUCELAGE, Virginity.
  PUCELLE, Virgin.
  PUCHA-PAT, Pogostemon patchouli.
  PUCHURY, see Pichurim beans. 
PUCHYRY
770
PULMO
  PUCHYRY, see Pichurim beans.
  PUCKLE. Papula.
  PUDDING-GRASS, Mentha pulegium.
  PUDDING-PIPE  TREE, Cassia fistula.
  PUDENDA, Genital organs—p. Virorum, Pu-
dibilia.
  PUDEND'AGRA.   A hybrid word; from pu-
denda, (pudere,  'to  be  ashamed,')  'the genital
organs,' and the Greek aypa,' a seizure.'   Accord-
ing to some, this term means pain in the genital
parts : Dolor pudeitdo'rum, Men'tulagra, -<Edteo-
dyn'ia; according to others, it is  synonymous
with syphilis.                                *
  Pudendagra  Pruriens, Prurigo pudendi mu-
liebris.
  PUDEN'DAL, Pudenda'lie.  Relating or ap-
pertaining to the pudenda.
  Puden'dal Her'nia.  Hernia, which descends
between the vagina and ramus  ischii, and forms
an  oblong tumour in tbe labium; traeeable in the
pelvis as far as the os uteri.
  PUDENDALIS, Pudendal.
  Pudendalis  Longus  Inferior,  see  Sciatic
nerve, lesser.
  PUDENDUM, FEMALE, Vulva—p. Muliebre,
Vulva.
   PUDENDUS, Pudic.
   PUDIBIL'IA; fitom pudere, 'to be  ashamed.'
The male genital organs; Genita'lia  Viri,Viril'ia,
Peneil'ia, Inetrumeii'ta, Puden'da viro'rum, Pon-
dits.
   PUDIC,  Pudlcue,  Puden'due,  (F.)  Honteux.
 Same etymon.  That which  causes shame.  A
name given to  the  genital organs as well as to
 different  other parts.
   Pudic  Arteries are distributed to the  organs
 of generation.  They are,—1. The internal Pudic,
 Arteria  Pudlca,  A. puden'da commu'nie, (F.)
 Artire honteuee interne, A. Soue-pubienne (Ch.),
 Gen'ital  Ar'tery.  It is furnished by  the hypo-
 gastric, and divides into two branches; the  one
 __the  inferior or perineal — which gives  off the
 inferior hemorrhoidal and the artery of the sep-
 tum;  the  other — the  auperior,  (F.)  lachiopS-
 i,it,tne — which furnishes the transverse perineal
 artery, and divides into two branches;  the artery
 ofthe corpue cuvernoeum, and the dorealie penie.
 This latter, in the female, has the name Dorea'lia
  Clitor'idie.  2. The external Pudic Arteriee, (F.)
 Arteree ecrotalee ou vulvairee (Ch.), A. honteuses
 externes, which are two  in number.  The one is
 superficial or  subcutaneous,  and  the other deep-
 seated or subaponeurotic.  They are  given  off
 from the  femoral  artery, or some one  of its
 branches;  and are distributed  to  the external
  parts of generation.
    Pudic Nerve, (F.) Nerf honteux ou ischio-pS-
  nieu ou  Ischio-elitorien, is a branch furnished by
  the sacral  plexus,  which  is  distributed to  the
  genital  organs; and, especially, to the penis in
  man, and the clitoris in the female.
    PU'ERILE, Pueri'lis, from puer,  'a  child,'
  (F.) PuSril. Appertaining or relating to childhood.
    Respiration  puSrile ou exagSrSe ou eupplSmen-
  taire ou hypervSeiculaire :—a term applied to the
  respiration when  it is heard loud through  the
  stethoscope, as in healthy children.
    PUERILITAS,  Dementia of the aged.
    PUERITIA, see Age.
    PUER'PERA, from puer, 'achild,' and par ere,
  ' to bring forth.'   Tokas, Lochos, Enix'a, Lecho,
  a  ltfing-in  woman, (F.) Femme  en Couche,  Ac-
  couchSe. A female in child-bed.  One recently
  delivered.
     PUER'PERAL, Pucrpera'lie; from puerpera.
  Relating to parturition and its consequences.
     Puerperal Convulsions, Eclampsia gravida-
  rum et  parturientium.
     Puer'peral Fever.   Any  fever occurring
sring the puerperal state-F*6r,« puerpera'rum,
echop'yra,  Lochiocicliltie,  Lochmp yra,   Lo-
Most  commonly re-
I dur
 Le
I chop'i/ra, Child-bed fever.
 stricted to a malignant variety of peritonitis,.
   PUERPERIUM, Child-bed state.
   PUERPEROUS, Parturient.
   PUFF, Lycoperdon.
   PUFF, VEILED, see Cavernous respiration.
   PUFF-BALL, Lycoperdon, Leontodon taraxa-

   PUF'FINESS, from (D.) poffen, 'to blow :*
  Injla'tio, Suffta'tio,  Tumefac'tio mollie, (F.) Boufi-
  fieeure, Boureouflure. A soft intumescence, with-
  out redness, which may be partial or general, and
  be produced by accumulation of serous fluid, ex-
  travasation of blood, effusion of air into  the sub-
  cutaneous  areolar  tissue, Ac.  Puffiness is most
  frequently seen in the face and legs; and some-
  times appears around a wound.
    PUGIL'LUSy Drax, Dra'chion, diminutive of
  pugnue, 'the  fist'   Dragma, Dragmie, (F.) Pin-
  cSe.  Tho  quantity of any substance, which may
  be taken with the  ends  of two or three fingers.
  The eighth part of a handful.
    PUGTEETH,  Canine teeth.
    PUISSANCE DU MOULE INTERIEUR,
  Plastic force.
    PUKE, Emetic.
    PUKEWEED, Lobelia inflata.
    PUKING, Vomiting, Regurgitation.
    PULEGIUM, Mentha pulegium—p. Cervinum,
  Mentha cervina.
    PULEX IRRI'TANS.   The common flea, (F.)
  Puce.   A parasitic insect  found on  the bodies ol
  man and animals.
    Pulex  Penetrans, Chique.
    PULICARIA  DYSENTERICA, Inula dysen.
  t6rictt.
    PULICA'RIS,  Pulicula'ris,  (F.)  Pulicaire,
  from  pulex, pulicie, 'a gnat'  An  epithet given
  to cutaneous eruptions resembling gnat-bites; —
  and, also, to  diseases in which such  eruptions
  occur.
     Pulicaris Herba, Plantago psyllium.
     PULLNA,  PILNA or BILNA, MINERAL
  WATERS OF.  These well known bitter Bohe-
  mian springs contain sulphates of soda and mag-
  nesia, and chloride of magnesium.
     PULMO, (pi.) Pulmo'nee; by transposition of
  the  letter I from  pleumon, irXtvpiav;  Pneumon,
   Pleumon,  Spiramen'tum   an'ima,  Ergaste'rion
  apir'itu.8, Flubellum et ventilu'brum cordia, Lighta.
   The essential organ of respiration, which is dou-
   ble, and occupies the two sides of the chest. The
   lungs, which  are of a spongy, soft, flexible, com-
   pressible, and dilatable structure,  fill exactly the
   two cavities of th« thorax, and are separated from
   each other by the  mediastinum and  the  heart.
   The  right lung,  which is shorter and broader
   than the left, is divrded, by two oblique fissures,
   into three unequal lobes, Lobi seu Ala pulmo'num.
   The  left has only two  lobes, and consequently
   only one fissure.  At the internal surface of those
   organs, which is slightly concave,  there is,  about
   the middle, a pedicle, formed by the bronchia and
   pulmonary vessels, and called, by anatomists, the
   roof of the lunge,  (F.) Racine dee Poumone.  Es-
   sentially, the lungs are composed of prolongations
   and ramifications of the bronchia, and of the pul-
   monary arteries and veins,—the divisions of which
   are supported by a fine, areolar tissue.
     When the surface of the lungs is examined in a
   clear light, we may see, even through the pleum,
   that their parenchyma is formed by tbe aggrega-
   tion of a multitude of small vesicles, of an irregu-
   larly spheroid  or ovoid shape, full of air, and
   separated by white and opake septa, constituting
    lozenge-shaped spaces, which are called lobulee— 
PULMOMETER            771                  PULSE
lob'nli seu in'sula pulmoiia'lee— and which are
separated by interlobular areolar tissue.  These
lobules  do not  communicate  with each  other.
The vesicles are called Air-celle, Spiratnen'ta seu
Spiram'ina  seu Cellula  Pulmo'num.  Along the
partitions or septa is deposited, in greater or less
quantity,  black pulmonary matter,  (F.) Mature
pulmonaire  noire, as it  has been called,  which
seems  to  be natural.  Sometimes it  is seen in
points;  at others, in spots.  The colour of the
lungs varies according .to age  and other circum-
stances.   In  youth,  it is more red;  and  after-
wards, grayish or bluish; often, as if  marbled.
The  pleura  pulmonalis is their investing  mem-
brane.  The air is carried to the lungs by means
of the trachea and bronchia.   The black venous
blood, which requires oxygenation, is conveyed
to them from the heart, by the  pulmonary artery;
and when it has undergone this change, it is re-
turned to tbe heart-by the pulmonary veins.  The
blood-vessels  inservient  to the nutrition  of the
lungs are the bronchial arteries and veins.   The
pulmonary lymphatics are very numerous.  Some
are superficial; others, deep-seated.   They pass,
for^he most part,  into the bronchial ganglione or
glands.   The nerves are  furnished by  the pulmo-
nary plexus.
   PULMOMETER, Spirometer.
   PULMOMETRY, see Spirometer.
   PULMONAIRE, Pulmonaria — p. en Arbre,
Lichen pulmonaria—p. de ChSne, Lichen pulmo-
naria— p. dee Franr;aie,  Hieracium murorum.
   PULMONA'RIA, P. Officina'lia seu Macula'ta
geu Maculo'aa, Lungwort,  Spotted Lungwort, Jeru-
salem Cowelip, Jeruealem Sage, Spotted  Comfirey,
(F.) Pulmonaire, Sauge de Jerusalem.   Ord. Bo-
raginaceie.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.
The leaves of this plant  have  been used as de-
mulcents and pectorals ;  partly from their resem-
blance to lungs — hence the name, from pulmo,
pulnionie, 'the lung* — and partly  because they
have a slightly mucilaginous taste.  The plant is
not worthy of notice.
   Pulmonaria, Pneumonia—p. Arborea, Lichen
pulmonarius — p. Gallica, Hieracium murorum—
p. Officinalis, Pulmonaria—p. Virginica, Merten-
sia Virginica.
   P U L' M 0 N A R Y, Pulmona'rie, Pulmona'lis,
from  pulmo, pulmonis, 'the lung.'  That which
relates or belongs to the lungs.  A name given
to various parts.
   Pulmonary  Artery,  Arte'ria  pulmona'ria.
 Vena arterio'ea, arises from  the upper and left
part of the  right ventricle of the heart; whence
it passes obliquely upwards and to the left side;
dividing  into  two trunks, opposite the second
dorsal vertebra — one passing to each lung.  At
its origin, it is  furnished with three  sigmoid  or
semilunar valves.  It carries  the  blood  to  the
lungs for aeration.
   Pulmonary Matter,  Black, see Pulmo.
   Pulmonary Plexus,  Plexua pulmona'rie.  A
considerable nervous network,  situate behind the
bronchia, which is formed by the filaments ofthe
pneumogastric nerve or par vagum, and by other
filaments from the inferior cervical ganglion and
the first  thoracic ganglia.  This plexus forms a
kind of areolar web, with numerous meshes  of
different  sizes, in which  vessels are lodged, sur-
rounded  by much areolar tissue.  This  plexus
sends  filaments to the bronchia, which they ac-
company to their extremities.
   Pulmonary Veins, Vena  pulmona'ree, Arte'-
ria  veno'ea.   These arise in  the lungs from the
final  terminations of the arteries of  the same
name;  collect in  ramusculi and rami of greater
and greater size, and ultimately unite in  four
trunks; two  of which  issue  from each lung to
 open into the left auricle of the heart.  The pul-
 monary  veins  have the same structure  as  the
 other veins of the body; from which they differ,
 in conveying  arterial blood,  as  the pulmonary
 artery differs from the others in conveying venous
 blood.  They carry {he blood back to  the heart
 after aeration.
   PULMONES TARTARIZATI, Lithiasis pul-
 monum.
   PULMONIA, Phthisis pulmonalis, Pneumonia.
   PULMON'IC, Pulmou'icue, Pneumon'ieue. Pul-
 moua'riue, Pneumon'ic, (F.) Pitlmonique,  Pneu-
 monique.   Same etymon  as  Pulmonary.   One
 affected with phthisis — one labouring under dis-
 eases of the lungs.   Any  thing relating  or  be-
 longing to the lungs.  A medicine for the lungs.
   PULP,  Pulpa,  Pulpa'men, Sarx, (F.)  Pulpe,
 Pulpolite.   The soft and parenchymatous part3
 of vegetables reduced to a paste by the operation
 of pulping. Applied, also, to parts of the human
 body, which have the characters of, or resemble a
 pulp.
   Pulp of the Fingers,  (F.) Pulpe dee  doigte.
 The fleshy extremity of the fingers.
   Pulp op the Tooth, Dental pulp.
   PULPA CASSLE, see Cassia fistula —p. Den-
 tis,  Dental pulp—p. Pili, see Hair—p. Pruni, see
 Pruni pulpa — p. Prunorum sylvestrium condita,
 Conserva  pruni  sylvestris — p.  Tamarindi,  see
 Tamarindi pulpa.
   Pulpa  Testis, Paren'chyma  teetie.   Tbe  pa-
 renchyma of the testis.
   PULPAMEN, Pulp.
   PULPATION, Pulping.
   PULPE, Pulp—p. CSrSbrale, see Cerebrum—
 p. Dentaire, Dental pulp—p. dee  Doigte, Pulp of
 the  lingers.
   PULPEUX, Pulpy.
   PULPEZIA, Apoplexy.
   PULPING, Pulpa'tion, Pulpa'tio.  An  opera-
 tion — the object of which is to  reduce certain
 vegetable  substances  to a pulp.   For this pur-
 pose,  they are bruised in a mortar,  and  then
 passed through  a hair sieve, by the aid  of a
 wooden spatula, called a Pulper, (F.) Pulpoire.
   PULPOIRE, see Pulping.
   PULPOLITE, Pulp.
   PULPY, Pulpo'eue, (F.)  Pulpeux.   Full  of
 pulp.
   PULQUE, see Agave Americana.
   PULS EX OVIS et LACTE,  Oogala.
   PULSATIF, Throbbing.
   PULSATILLA NIGRICANS,  Anemone pra-
 tensis— p. Patens, Anemone patens — p. Praten-
 sis,  Anemone pratensis — p. Vulgaris, Anemone
 Pulsatilla.
   PULSATILLE NOIRE, Anemone pratensis
 —p. dee PrSe, Anemone pratensis.
   PULSATIO, Pulsation—p. Cordis, Palpitation.
   PULSA'TION, Pulsa'tio, Sphygmos,  Sphyxie,
 Pede'eia, Pedeth'moa, (F.)  Battemetit.  The beat-
 ing of the heart and arteries.  Also, the beating
 felt in an  inflamed part.
   PULSATIVUS, Throbbing.
   PULSATORY, Throbbing.
   PULSE, from puleo, 'I beat;' Puleue, Pulsa'-
 tio, Puleua seu Ictus cordis et arteria'rum,  Incur'-
 eus  arteria'rum, Sphygmos, Sphygma, Diaaphyx'ie,
 (F.) Poula.  Beating of the arteries, produced by
 the afflux  of the blood propelled  by the heart in
 its  contractions.  For the  sake  of convenience,
 I we  choose the  radial artery at tbe wrist to detect
[j the precise character of the  pulse. These cha-
 , racters  relate  to  the  number of pulsations in a 
PULSE
PULSE
given time; to their degrees of quickness; hard- ii artery,  and to the  different impressions  it may
ness and strength : to the equality or inequality || produce on the finger.
either  of the pulsations themselves or of their jj   The following estimates have been made of the
intervals; to the development or fulness  of the II pulse at various ages:
In the embryo.
At birth..........
One month......
One year..........
Two years.......
Three years......
Seven years......
Twelve years...
Puberty..........
Adult age........
Old age............
Number of Beate per minute, according to
Heberden.	Sommering.	MtJLLER.
		150 Do. 115 to 130 100 to 115 90 to 100 85 to 90 80 to 85 70 to 75 50 to 65 —--------------«.
130 to 140		
120 120 to 108 108 to 90 90 to 80 72	123 110 90	
70	80 70 60	
		
		
		
   It does not appear that the pulse of the aged
 is less frequent, but the contrary.  In general it
 is more frequent in females and in irritable  per-
 sons, than in males and-those of an opposite tem-
 perament.  In the healthy state, the pulse,  be-
 sides having the proper number of pulsations, is
 neither hard nor unusually soft; it is moderately
 developed ; of a medium strength ; and perfectly
 equal, both as regards  the pulsations and  their
 intervals.   In diseases  it wanders, more or less,
 from these  physiological  conditions.   The diffe-
 rent  characters of the  pulse that have been  re-
 corded, are remarkably numerous.  In a diction-
 ary, it is necessary to detail them, although many
 of them are not now regarded, and some are ri-
 diculous.
   Pulse, Ardent, Puleue  ardene, (F.) Poule ar-
 dent, Poule  SlevS. One which seems to raise itself
 to a point in order to strike the finger.
   Pulse, Cap'rizant, Puleue Caprlzane seu dor-
 eadie'aane  seu gazellane seu fiuea'tie,  Goatleap
 pulee, (F.) Poule caprieant.  One which seems to
 leap, as it  were; an imperfect dilatation of the
 artery being succeeded  by a fuller and a stronger
 one.
   Pulse, Complex, (F.) Poule combinS ou com-
 poeS, P. comptique.   A  pulse which has the cha-
 racter of several critical pulses united.
  Pulse, Contracted, (F.) Poule eerrS ou con-
 centrS.  One whose pulsations are narrow, deep,
 and  slightly hard.
  Pulse, Convul'sive, Puleue convulei'vue, (F.)
 Poule convuleifi.  That which  is unequally fre-
 quent or unequally hard ; in  short, which resem-
 bles  the irregular pulsations of a muscular fibre
 in a state of convulsion.
  Pulse, Crit'ical, Puleue  crit'icus.   A  pulse
 which, after having possessed the characters of
 irritation, becomes free, open, soft, Ac.
  Pulse, Decurtate, Pulsus myurus: see, also
 Myurus.
  Pulse,  Deep,  Puleue profiun'due, (F.)  Poule
 profiond.  One which cannot  be felt without diffi-
 culty, and without strong pressure by the finger.
  Pulse,  Deficient, Pulsus defic"iena seu an'-
 m<e»« et cirrum'nuena,  P. Flickering, (F.) Pouls
 dSfaillant, P. ineeneible. One  which seems, every
 instant about to cease.
  Pulse,  Depressed,  Pulsus  depreeeue, (F.)
 Pouls dSprimS.  That which is deep and weak.
  Pulse,  Developed, (F.) Pouls  dSveloppS
 That which is broad, full, strong, and frequent.
  Pulse. Dicrot'ic, Puleue Di'crotue seu bi'cro-
tus seu inteetina'lie  seu bife'riene seu mallea'rie
fen interri'aim seu duplex,IF.)  Ponh dicrote ou re-
boit.iU, XHt ou redoubts.   That iu which the finger
 is struck twice at each pulsation; once lightly,
 the other time more strongly.
    Pulse,  Equal,  Pulaue  aqua'lie.   That, in
 which the  pulsations resemble  each other, and
 return at equal intervals.
    Pulse, Febrile, Puleue febri'lis.  One very
 frequent.
    Pulse, Feeble, P. Weak,  Puleue deb'ilie, (F.)
 Pouls fiaible.  One which strikes the finger feebly.
    Pulse, Fil'iform, P. thready.   One which re-
 sembles a thread  slightly vibrating.
    Pulse, Flickering, Pulse, deficient.
    Pulse, Form'icant,  Puleue formi'cane,  (F.)
 Poule fiormicant.  One which  resembles, by being
 small and scarcely perceptible, the motion of an
 ant.
    Pulse, Frequent, (F.) Poule agitS ou prScipitS.
 One which  strikes more frequently than usual in
 a given time.
   Pulse, Full, Puleue plenue, (F.) Poule plein.
 One which gives the notion of great repleton in
 the vessel.
   Pulse, Goat-leap, P.  Caprizant
   Pulse,  Gut'tural, Puleue  guttura'lie, (F.)
 Pottle guttural.   A pulse which  has bet,n sup-
 posed to  indicate the termination of  affections
 of the throat
   Pulse, Hard,  Pulaue  durue, (F.) Poule ditr.
 That in which the pulp  of the  finger seems to
 yield to the pulsation.
   Pulse, Hectic, Puleue hec'ticue.  The weak,
 frequent pulse observed in hectic fever.
   Pulse,  Hemorrhoid'al, (F.) Poule  dee HS-
 morrhoidea.  A critical  pulse, announcing  'he
 appearance  of the hemorrhoidal  flux.  It is de-
 scribed as unequal; —the pulsations not beimr
 alike in force, and still less the intervals.
   Pulse, Hepat'ic, (F.) Poule du Foie.  A pulse
 imagined to indicate affections of the  liver.  It is
 not worthy of description.
   Pulse, Infe'rior, (F.) Poule infSrieur ou ab-
 dominal ou ventral.  One supposed to announce
 evacuations below the  diaphragm.
   Pulse, Intercor'rent, Puleue intercur'rene
 seu mterci'dene.   One in which  a  superfluous
 pulsation seems to occur from  time to time
   Pulse  Intermittent,  (F.) Poule intercadent.
 One in which the pulsations  fail  from  time  to
 time.
   Pulse  Intes/tinal, (F.) PohU dee inteetine,
 P.de la dtarrhee.   A  critical  pulse, presumed to
announce  an evacuation by the intestines.
   Pilse  Intricate, Puleue intrica'tue,  (F )
Pouls embarraeeSe.  That which is but little de-
veloped, and unequally slow.
   Pulse, Irreo'ular, Puleue  anorma'lie.   On« 
PULSE                  773                 PULSUS
 whose pulsations  are unequal, and return at un-
 equal intervals.
   Pulse op Irrita'tion,  Pulaue ab irritatio'ne
 seu  nervi'nua seu acrit'icue.  One which  is fre-
 quent, hard, and contracted.
   Pulse,  Jarring,  P. vibrating — p.  Jerking,
 Pulse, sharp.
   Pulse,  Languid, (F.) Poule  languieeant.   A
 slow and feeble pulse.
   Pulse,  Large, Puleue  craeeue seu  magnue,
 (F.) Poule grand, P. large.  That which is large
 and full.
   Pulse, Long.  One which strikes the finger to
 a great extent in length.
   Pulse, Low, Puleua  hu'milia,   (F.)  Poule baa.
 One in which the pulsations are  scarcely percep-
 tible.
   Pulse,  Nasal, (F.) Poule naaal  ou capital
 ou du Nez.  One  supposed to announce the end
 of an  irritation in the nasal fossae.
   Pulse,  Nat'ural,  (F.) Poule  naturel  dee
 adultee  ou  parfiait  ou dee adultee ou modSrS.
 One that  is equal and regular  in strength and
 frequency; compressible, and devoid of hardness.
   Pulse, Organ'ic, (F.) Poule organique.  One
 which indicates the affected organ, or the organ
 by which an evacuation will take place.
   Pulse,  Pec'toral, (F.)  Poule de ['expectora-
 tion.  A critical pulse,  announcing the  termina-
 tion of some pulmonary irritation.
   Pulse,  Quick.   One which  strikes  sharply,
 but not  forcibly, against the finger.
   Pulse,  Reg'ular, Pulsus norma'lis seu regn-
 la'rie.   One whose pulsations are equal, and suc-
 oeed eaeh other at equal intervals.
   Pulse, Resist'ing, (F.) Poule rSeietant.  One
 a little tense, a little hard.
   Pulse,  Sharp, (F.)  Ponte prompt  ou vite ou
 vif.  One  which  strikes the finger sharply,  ra-
 pidly.   When to  a greater extent, it is  called a
 jerking  pulse.
   Pulse,  Sharp-tailed,  Pulsus  myurus: see
 Myurus.
   Pulse,  Simple,  Pulaua eimplex.   A critical
 pulse,  indicating  an evacuation  by one  organ
 only.
   Pulse,  Slow,  Pulaua  tardua  seu rarus, (F.)
 Pouls  lent ou tardifi ou rare.  One which strikes
 the finger slowly.
   Pulse, Small,  Puleue parvus,  (F.) Poule petit.
 One whose pulsations are slender and weak.
   Pulse, Soft,  Puleue mollie,  (F.) Poule mou.
 One which yields under the finger.
   Pulse,  Stom'achal, (F.) Poule  etomaeal ou
 de I'eatomac.  One supposed to announce an eva-
 cuation  by the stomach.
   Pulse, Strong, Puleue fiortie,  (F.) Poule fort,
 P. vShSment.   One which  strikes  the  finger
 strongly.
   Pulse, Supe'rior, Puleue Superior,  (F.) Poule
 eupSrieur.   A critical pulse, supervening on irri-
 tation  of organs situate  above the diaphragm.
   Pulse, Supple, Pulaue elaa'ticua,  (F.)  Poula
 souple. One in which the pulsations have  strength
 without hardness.
   Pulse of Sweat, Pulaua Sitdora'lia,  (F.) Poule
 Sudoral  ou de la  eueur.   A critical pulse, indi-
 cating an approaching perspiration.
   Pulse, Tense, P. Cordy, Puleue teneue, (F.)
 Poute4endu, P. roide.   One in which  the artery
 resembles a cord  fixed at  its two extremities.
 When  resembling  a wire, it  is called wiry.
  Pulse, Thready, P. filiform.
  Pulse, Trem'ulous,  Pulaue  trem'ulua, (F.)
 Poula  tremblaiit  ou palpitant.   One  in which
each pulsation oscillates.
  Pulse. Un'dulating, Pulaue  flnctno'aus seu
 fluens  seu  incldens Sola'ni, (F.)  Pouts otidulant f
 ou ondoyant.  One which resembles, in its move-
 ments, those of the waves.
   Pulse,  Une'qual,  Pulsus inaqua'lis,  (F.)
 Pouls inSgal.   One  whose  pulsations  are  not
 alike, or return at unequal intervals.
   Pulse, U'rinal, Pulaua urina'lis, (F.) Poult
 de V Urine.   A  critical pulse, fancied to denote
 an approaching evacuation of urine.
   Pulse, U'terine, Pulsus uterinus, (F.) Pouls
 Uterine ou  de  la Matrice ou des RSgles.   One
 which indicates the flow of the  menses, or the
 occurrence of metrorrhagia.
   Pulse, Vag"inal, Pulsus  vagina'lis.   The
 pulsation of the arteria vaginalis, which is in-
 creased in pregnancy, during abortion, labour, Ac.
   Pulse, Venous, Pulsus venarum.
   Pulse, Vermic'ular.  That  which  imitates
 the movement  of a worm.
   Pulse, Vi'brating, Jarring Pulse.   One in
 which the artery seems to vibrate like a nusical
 string..
   Pulse, Wiry, see Pulse, tense.
   PULSELESS, Asphyc'toa, Devoid of pulsation.
   PULSELESSNESS, Asphyxia.
   PULSEY, Cataplasm.
   PULSIF'IC, Pulaif'icua; from pulsus, 'pulse.'
 That which causes or excites pulsation.
   PULSILE'GIUM,  Pulailo'gutm,  Pv.lsim'eter,
 from pulaua, ' the  pulse,' and  lego, ' I read.'
 Sphygmole'gium,  Sphygmometer,  Sphygmoscop'-
 ium.   Any  instrument for measuring the quick-
 ness or force of the pulse.
   PULSIMANTI'A,  from pulsus, and  pavrciu,
 'divination.'  The art of predicting or prognosti-
 cating by the pulse.
   PULSIMETER,  Pulsilegium.
 _  PULSUS, Pulse—p. Acriticus,  Pulse of irrita-
 tion— p. iEqualis, Pulse, equal—p. Annuens et
 circumnuens,   Pulse,   deficient — p.  Anormalis,
 Pulse, irregular—p. Bicrotus, Pulse, dicrotic—p.
 Bifertens, P. dicrotic — p. Caprizans, Pul.-e, ca-
 prizant—p.  Cordis, see Heart—p.  Crassus, Pulse,
 large — p. Debilis,  Pulse,  feeble  — p. Deficiens,
 Pulse, deficient—p. Dicrotus,  Pulse, dicrotic—p.
 Dorcadissans, Pulse, caprizant—p. Duplex. Pulse,
 dicrotic — p. Durus, Pulse, hard  — p. Elasticus,
 Pulse, supple—p. Fluctuosus, Pulse, undulating—
 p. Fluens, Pulse, undulating—p. Formicans,  For-
 micant, and Pulse,  formicant — p. Fortis, Pulse,
 strong — p.  Fusalis, Pulse, caprizant — p. Gazel-
 lans, Pulse, caprizant — p. Heterochronicus, see
 Heterochronicus—p Humilis, Pulse, low—p. In-
 cidens Solani, Pulse, undulating—p. Intercidens,
 Pulse, intercurrent—p/Mallearis, Pulse, dicrotic
 —p. Intercisus, Pulse, dicrotic —  p. Intercurrens,
 Pulse, intercurrent—p. Intestinalis, Pulse, dicro-
 tic— p. Intricatus, Pulse, intricate — p.  Magnus,
 Pulse, large—p. Mollis, Pulse, soft.
   Pulsus Myu'rus,  Pulse decurtate or sharp-
 tailed, (F.)  Poula  myure.   One  which  goes on
 diminishing.  See Myurus.
   Pulsus Nervinus, Pulse of irritation—p. Nor-
 malis, Pulse, regular — p. Parvus, Pulse, small—
 p. Plenus, Pulse, full — p. Rarus,  Pulse, slow.
   Pul'sus Serri'nus, (F.) Poula aerrin ou  svr-
 ratile.  One which  strikes,  sometimes strongly,
 at others feebly, and recalls the idea of a saw.
   Pulsus Striatus, (F.) Poule Stroit.  One  that
 strikes the finger to a small extent in breadth.
   Pulsus Sudoralis, Pulse of sweat—p. Tardus,
 Pulse, slow — p. Urinalis, Pulse, urinal — p. Ute-
rinus, Pulse, uterine.
  Pulsus Vac'uus,  (F.)  Poule vide.  One which
gives the idea of emptiness of the  artery.
  Pulsus Vaginalis, Pulse, vaginal.
  Pulsus Vena'rum,  Venous Pulse, Phlebopa'Jia.
A  pulsation  occasionally noticed  in the jugular
veins.  It is owing  to some of the blood <>t the
right  ventricle  reflowing into  the right auricle, 
PULTACEOUS            774                PULVIS
and  communicating  an  impulse to tbe venous
blood arriving in the auricle through the descend-
ing cava.  It is often a sign of impediment to the
flow  of blood along the pulmonary artery.
  PULTA'CEOUS, Putta'ceua, (F.) PultacS, from
pule, puttie, 'pap,' or from pultarc, pultatum, 'to
beat'   Resembling  pap.  Having a  softened,
semifluid appearance.
  PULTATIO, Atheroma.
  PULTISE, Cataplasm.
  PULTICULA, Bouillie.
  PULVERES EFFERVESCENTES, Powders,
soda.
  PULVERI'ZABLE, Pul'verable. From pulvie,
pulverie,  'dust'  Capable of being reduced to
powder.
  PULVERIZATION, Pulveriea'tio,  Pulvera'-
tio. Conioxto'sie, (F.) PulvSriaation. The opera-
tion  of dividing substances, so as to reduce them
to powder.
  Most drugs are reduced to powder by persons
who  make  it a special  business, and who are
called drug grindere.   This is done  on a large
scale in drug mille ; and the implements used are
the grinding mill ami the stamping mill.  In the
shop of the apothecary, pulverization  is effected
by the pestle and mortar, and the sieve.
  Where substances require the addition of other
bodies to facilitate their reduction to powder,—
as where camphor needs a few drops of alcohol—
the process  is calli-d pulverization by mediation.
  PULVEROLES, see Pulvis.
  PULVER'ULENT, Pulveruten'tue;  from  pul-
vis, pulverie, 'dust'  Reduced to  the state of a fine
powder.  Covered, as it were,  with dust. An epi-
thet applied to the eyes when they appear dirty,
and, as it were, sprinkled with dust, by reason of
granulations  Or grayish striae,  resulting from
thickening of the mucous fluid of the conjunctiva.
— Nysten.
  PULVILLUS, Pad, Bonrdonnet — p. e Lina-
mentis confectus,  Bourdonnet — p.   Rotundus,
Bourdomiet.
  PULVI'NAR, Pulvina'rium.  A pillow.
   Pulvinar Humuli, see Humulus lupulus.
   Pulvinar Medica'tum seu Medicina'le, Sac'-
culue medicina'lis.   A medicated pillow; as of
hops.
   Pulvinar Parvum, Pad — p.  Ventriculi, Pan-
creas.
   PULVIS, Conis, Powder, (F.) Poudre.  A sub-
stance, reduced into small particles by pulveriza-
 tion.  Simple powdere are those of a single sub-
 stance; compound, those which result from a mix-
ture of several different powders. An impalpable
powder is one which is so fine that it can scarcely
be   felt under the finger.  Compound powders
 have been  called Speciee, (F.)  Especee,  E.  pul-
 vSrulentee,  PulvSrolSe.
   Pulvis Absorbens, P. de magnesia compos.—
 p. Adspersorius, Catapasma—p. Alexiterius, P.
 contrayerva? comp. — p. Alexiterius, P. ipecacu-
 anhae compositus—p. Algarothi, Algaroth.
   Pulvis   Aloes  Compos'itus, P.  Alo'ee  cum
 Guai'aco,  P. aloet'ieue cum Gttaiaco,  Compound
 powder  ofi Aloee.  (Aloes, ^iss, guaiac. res. jj,
 pulv. cinnam. comp. :§ss.   Rub  the  aloes  and
 guaiacum separately, then mix the whole.  Ph. L.)
 Cathartic, stomachic, and sudorific.  Dose, gr. x
 to 9.i-
   Pulvis Aloes cum Canel'lA, P. aloes et ca-
 nella, (Ph. U. S.),P. AloW icus, Powder of Aloes
 with Canella, Species Hiera picra. Hiera picra
 vulg. Hi'kru pi'kry, Picra, and  Pi'kry.   (Aloee
 Ibj,  canell. giij.  Rub separately into  a powder,
 and mix.  Ph. U. S.)  A warm cathartic.  Dose,
 gr. x to 9j.
   Pulvis  Aloes cum Guaiaco, P. A. composi-
 tus—p. Aloetious, P. aloes cum  canella—p. Alo-
eticns, ITiera picra —p. Aluminosus. P. sulphatis
alumina? compositu.—p. Aluminis compositus. P.
sulphatis aluminas compositus—p. Aluminis kmo-
satus, see P. sulphatis aluminae compositus.
  Pulvis de  Ama'kis Compos'itus,  P. anUqr-
thrit'icue aina'rua, (F.) Poudre antiarthritiqne
amire.  (Gentian., arietoloch. rotund.,  aa p.  3,
flor.  centaur,  min. p. 4, fol. chamadr., chama-
pith. manipul.—f. pulvis, Ph. P.)  In gouty af-
fections, dyspepsia. Ac.  Dose, gr. xx.
  Pulvis Angelicus, Algaroth — p. Anodynus,
P. ipecacuanhae comp. — p. Antiacidus,  P. cretaj
compositus — p.  Antiacidus,  P.  de magnesia
compos.—p. Antiarthriticus  amarus, P. de ama-
ris compositus—p. Antiarthriticus purgans, P. de
senna, scammonea et lignis—p. Antiasthmatics,
P. de sulphure et scilla.
  Pulvis Antilys'sus, Mead'e  powder againet
the bite of a mad dog.  It consisted of aeh-coloured
liverwort in powder,  with an equal  quantity of
black pepper;  a  drachm and a  half of the two
forming a dose for an adult
  Pulvis Antimonialis, Antimonial powder.
  Pulvis de Aro Compos'itus,  Compound Pow-
der of Arum, (F.) Poudre de Birckmann, (llud.
ari, acori veri,  pimpiiiell. eaxifrag. aa 40 p.,  octtl.
cancror. ppt. 12 p., cinnam.  7 p., potaaea eulph.
6 p.,  ammonia muriat. 2 p. — f. pulv.  Ph. P.)
Sternutatory.
   Pulvis  Aromaticus, P. cinnamomi  composi-
tus.
   Pulvis  As'ari  Compos'itus, P. stemutato'-
rius seu errhi'nue seu capita'lie Sancti An'geli
seu cephal'icue, Cephalic  snuff,  Compound pow-
der of Aearabac'ca, (F.) Poudre d'aearum  com-
 poaSe dite aternutatoire, P. de Saint-Ange.  (Aear.
Europ. p.  3,   origan, majorana,  lavand.,  sing.
p. 1.   Rub into powder.  Ph. L.)  Sternutatory.
  Pulvis Auri, see Gold — p. e Bolo  composi-
tus cum opio,  P. cretae compositus cum  opio —
p. e  Bolo  compositus sine  opio, see  P. cretae
compositus —  p.  Cambogiae   compositus,  P.  e.
gummi gutta—p. Capitalis Snncti  Angeli, Pulvis
asari compositus — p. Carbonatis calcis  composi-
tus,  P. cretae compositus — p. Cardiacus,  P. con-
trayervas comp. —p.  Carthusianorum, Antimonii
sulphuretum rubrum.
  Pulvis  Cat'echu  Compos'itus,  Compound
Powder of Catechu.  ( Catechu, kino, aa  t^ij ; cin-
nam., myrisf., aa ^ss.)  Dose, as  an astringent,
gr. xv to xxx.
   Pulvis Catharticus, P. seammoneae comp.—
p. Cephalicus,  P. asari compositus.
   Pulvis  Cinnamo'mi  Compos'itus, Compound
 Powder ofi Cin'namon, Pulvis seu  Spe'ciee Impe-
rato'rie, Pulvie aromat'icue (Ph. U. S.), P. vita
 Imperato'rie seu  Diaro'maton, Speciee diacinna-
mo'mi seu latifican'tee Rhazie seu Diam'bra sine
odora'tie  seu  aromalica,   Tra'gea  aromalica,
 Aromatic powder, (F.) Poudre de canellc  compo-
eSe ou aromatique.  (Cinnam., zingib. aa 5ij, car-
 dam., myrist. aa Jf j.  Rub to a fine powder. Ph.
 U. S.)   Stimulant and carminative.   Dose, gr. x
 to ^j.
   Pulvis  Cobbii seu Tunquinen'sis.   The fa-
 mous Tonquin powder, introduced into Englnnd
 by a Mr. Cobb.  It was composed of  16 grains
 of muak, and  48  grains of  cinnabar ; and was
 mixed  in a gill of arrack.   It  was  formerly re-
 garded as  a specific in hydrophobia.
   Pulvis  Comitis  Warwicensis, P. Cornachini
—p.  Comitissae, Cinchona.
   Pulvis Contrayer'v.*: Compos'itus,  P. cardl-
 acua seu alexite'riue seu Mantua'nne, Lapie con-
 trayerva,  Contrayerva balta, Compound  Powder
 ofi Contrayer'va.   (Contrayerv.  contrit. %v, teat.
 prap.  Ibiss.   Mix.   Ph.   L.)  Stimul'ant and
| sudorific.  Dose, gr. xv to ^ss.
I   Pulvis  Cornachi'ni,  P.  Ox'ydi  Stib'ii com- 
PULVIS                 77b                 PULVIS
poa'itua seu Com'itis Wanricen'eie seu de Tribue
Seu  Sciimmo'nii  antimonia'lie,  Diaceltatea'aon
Paracelai, Earl ofi  Wanri'ck'e Powder, Cer'berue
Tricepa,  (F.) Poudre Corimchine.   (Scammon.,
pafass. eupertart., antim. diaph. aa, p. ae. f. pulvis,
Ph. P.)  Cathartic.   Used  chiefly in cutaneous
diseases.  Dose, ^ss to gj.
  Pulvus  Cornu Usti Cum O'pio,  P. opia'tue,
Powder  ofi Burnt  Hartahorn with  opium,  (F.)
Poudre de  come brulSe avec I'opium.  (Opii duri
eont  3J. corn. net.  prap. Jj, coccor. cont. 5Jj.
Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Ten grains contain one of opium.
Anodyne.
  Pulvis Cretaceus, P.  cretae compositus.
  Pulvis  Cretae  Compos'itus,  P.  Carbona'tie
 Calcie compoeitue seu creta'ceue seu antac"idue
seu terree'tria, Spe'ciee e Scor'dio eine opio, S. Dia-
cre'ta, Compound Powder ofi Chalk, Dioecord'-
ium ;  (with Bole Armeniac in place of chalk—the
Pulvie e Bolo compositus sine opio;)  (F.) Poudre
de craie composSe.  (Cretappt. tbss, ci'mmm. Jiv,
tormentill.,  acacia,  sing,  Jiij, pip. long.  £iv-
Reduce  separately to a fine powder,  and  mix.
Ph. L.)  Antacid, stomachic, absorbent.  Dose,
gr. xx to J)ij.
  Pulvis Creta Compos'itus cum  O'pio, Com-
pound Powder ofi Chalk  with opium, P. e Cretd
compoeitue cum opio;  (with  Bole Armeniac  in-
stead of chalk — P. e Bolo conqyositue cum opio ;)
Speciea e Scordio cum opio, (F.) Poudre de craie
composSe avec I'opium. (Pulv. cret. c. Jvjss, opii
duri  cont.  ^iv.  Mix.  Ph. L.)  Contains  one
grain of opium in 40.  Anodyne  and absorbent
Dose, 9j to Qij.
   Pulvis Diaphoreticus, P. ipecacuanhae comp.
—p. Diapnoicus,  P. ipecacuanhae comp.—p.  Dia-
roinaton, P. cinnamomi compositus—p. Diasenae,
 P. sennae compos.—p. Diaturpethi compositus, P.
 jalapae compositus.
   Pulvis Ducis  Portlan'dia. Duke  ofi Port-
 land's Gout Powder, (F.) Poudre du Due de Port-
 land  ou  de la Mirandole.   (Rad. arietoloch., gen-
 tiana, summit, ehamadr., centaur, min. aa p. ae.)
 Dose, ^ss to ^j.
   Pulvis Emmenagogus, P. myrrhae compositus
 — p. Epilepticus  Marchionum, P. de magnesia.
 compositus — p. Errhinus, P. asari compositus—
 p. Galactopceus, P. de magnesia compos.
   Pulvis e Gummi Gutta, P. Cambo'gia compo-
 situs sen hydrago'gus, Camboge Powder, (F.) Pou-
 dre hydragogue ou  de gomme gutte ou de Qtterce-
 ta'nne.   (Rad. jalap, 24 p., rad. mechoacan. 12
 p., cinnam., rhei. aa 8 p., gum. cambog. 3 p., fol.
 toldanella  sice. 6 p., eemin. aniei 12 p., fiat pulvis.
 Ph. P.) A drastic  cathartic.  In anasarca and
 In worms.   Dose, gr. xv to xxx.
   Pulvis Gummo'sus AlkaliSus, Sapo vegeta'-
 bilie, (F.)  Poudre   de  savon vSgStal.   (Guaiac.
 pule. 32 p., potaee.  carb. 4 p.  Make into a pow-
der.  Ph. P.)  Antacid.
  Pulvis  ex Helminthocort'o Compos'itus, P.
wrmif'ugue abeque  mercu'rio, (F.) Poudre vermi-
fuge  eane mercure.  (Fuc.  helminthocort.,  eem.
lontra.,  eummitat. abeinth., tanaceti, fol. ecordii,
senna, rhei. aa p. ae, fiat pulvis.  Ph. P.)  Dose,
Bj t0 .5J-
  Pulvis  Hydragogus, P. e gummi gutta —p.
Hydrargyri  cinereus,  see Hydrargyri oxydum
cinereum — p. Hypnoticus. Hydrargyri  sulphu-
retum nigrum — p. Imperatoris,  P. cinnamomi
compositus—ji. Incisivus, P. de sulphure et scilla
—p. Pro infantibus, P. de  magnesia compos—p.
Infantum,  P. de magnesia compos.—p. Infantum
antacidus.  P. de magnesia  compositus.
  Pulvis Ipecacuan'ha  Compos'itus, P. alexi-
te'riue seu  anod'ynue sen diaphoret'icne sendiap-
no'icua seu sudor!ficus Dove'ri seu Ipecacuanha
et Opii  (Ph.  U. S.), Compound Powder ofi Ipecac-
uanha, Dover's Powder, (F.) Poudre de Dover ou
 d'ipecacuanha et d'opium ou de Dower.   (Tpeca-
 euanh. pulv., opii pulv., sing £Jj. potassa suljjliaj.
 Jj.   Mix.  Diaphoretic.  Dose, gr. v to gr. xij.
   Pulvis Ipecacuanha etOpii, P.ipecacuanhae
 compositus.
   Pulvis Jalap'a Compos'itus, P. Diaturpe'thi
 compositus seu laxana seu puryana seu laxati'vua
 vegetab'ilia seu laxana  cum sale seu Jalap'a sali'-
 nue seu Jalap'a tartar'icu8, Speciea Diajaltipa,
 Compound Powder ofi Jalap, (F.) Poudre de jalap
 compoaSe.  (Pulv. jalap. Jj, potaes. bitart.  Jij.
 Mix.)  Cathartic.  Dose, ^j to ^ij.
   Pulvis Jalapa  Salinus, P. jalapse composi-
 tus — p. Jalapae tartaricus, P.  jalapse compositus
 — p.  de Jalapa. et scammonio  compositus, P.
 seammoneae  comp.—p. Jamesii, Antimonial pow-
 der—p. Jesuiticus, Cinchona—p. Joannis de Vigo,
 Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
   Pulvis Kino Compos'itus, Compound  Powder
 of kino, (F.) Poudre de kino compoeSe,  (Kino
 jxv, cinnam. giv,  opii duri  5J-   RUD  each to
 powder, and mix.  Ph. L.)  Astringent  Dose,
 gr. v to xx.
   Pulvis Laxans, P. jalapae compositus — p.
 Laxans cum sale, P. jalapa? compositus—p. Lax-
 ativus vegetabilis, P. jalapae compositus.
   Pulvis de Magne'sia Compos'itus, P. Galac-
 topoe'ue seu Nutri'cum seu Infan'tum  seu Infan-
 tum antac"idue seu pro lufan'tibue seu  antiac"-
 idue seu absor'bens seu epilep'ticue Marchio'mini,
 Compound Powder ofi Magne'aia, (F.) Poudre ab-
 eorbaete et anti-acide.  (Magneaia, eacchar. aa
j p. ae.  Mix.  Ph. P.)
   Pulvis Mantuanus, P. contrayervas  comp. —
 p. Marchionis, Marchionis Pulvis—p. Mercurialis
| cinereus, Hydrargyri  oxidum cinereum — p. ad
 Mucum pulmonalem liberius ciendum, P. de sul-
 phure et scilla.
   Pulvis Myrrha Compos'itus, P. e  Myrrhd
 compoeitii8 seu ad ulcera tend'inum seu enimen-
 agogus, Compound  Myrrh Powder, (F.) Poudre
 Baleitmique. (Myrrha, sabina, ruta, castor. Ruee.
 aa. Jj.)  A stimulant,  antispasmodic, and emme-
 nagogue.  Dose, gr. xv. to xl.
   Pulvis Nutricum, P. de magnesia  compositus
 —p. Opiatus, P.  cornu usti cum opio — p. Oxydi
 stibii compositus, P. cornachini—p. ad Partum,
 Ergot — p. Parturiens, Ergot  — p.  de Phosphate
 calcis et stibii compositus, Antimonial powder —
 p. Principis, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum—p  Pur-
 gans,  P. jalapae compositus—p.  Quercetauus,
 Hydrargyri submurias.
   Pulvis Quercus Mari'na, Powder ofi Yellow
 Bladder- Wrack.   (The  wrack  in fruit, dried,
, cleaned, exposed to a red heat in a crucible  with
 a perforated  lid, and  then reduced  to  powder.
 Ph.  D.) Virtues dependent on iodine: used, con-
 sequently, in bronchocele, &c.  Dose, gr. x to xl.
 See Fucus vesiculosus.
   Pulvis Rhei Compos'itus,  Compound Powder
 ofi Rhubarb.  (Magnee. Ibj, zingib. pulv. Jij,  rhei
 pulv. Jiv. M.  Ph. E.) An antacid and  laxative.
 Dose, f)j to  ^ij.
   Pulvis Sali'nus Compos'itus,  Compound Sa-
 line Powder.  (Sodii chlorid.,  magnesia  eulphat.,
 a,.a Jiv, potae. eulphat. Jiij. Ph. E.  Dose, as an
 aperient two or three drachms dissolved  in water.
   Pulvis Scammo'nea Compos'itus, P. e Scam-
 monio compoeitue seu Scammonii seu de Jalapd et
 Scammo'nio  compoaitua dictus  Cathar'ticua, Com-
 pound Powder ofi Scammony, (F.) P'atdre cathar-
 tique ou Poudre de Scammonee compoaSe.  (Scam-
 mon., ext. jalap, dur., sing., Jij, zingib. Jss.  Rub
 separately to powder, and mix. Ph. L.)   Cathar-
 tic.   Dose, gr. viij to gr. xv..
   Pulvis Scammo'nii cum AloE, P. e Scammonio
 cum Aloe, Scammony and Aloee Powder. (Scam-
 mon. Zvj, ext. jalap, dur., aloee  Socotr.  aa Jiss,
 zing. Jss.)   Cathartic.   Dose, gr.  x to xv. 
PUMEX                 776                 PUPIL
  Pulvis  Sca*monh  Antimonialis, P. corna-
chini.
  Pulvis  Senna Compos'itus, P. e Sennd com-
poeitue  seu  e Send compoeitue seu Diaae'na,
Compound Powder of Senna, (F.) Poudre de edit
compoaSe.  (Senna,  potae. eupertart., sing., Jij,
scammon. Jss, zingib.  3'j-  Ph. L.)  Cathartic,
hydragogue.  Dose, ^j to ^j-
  Pulvis de Senna, "ma mmo'nea etLignis Com-
pos'itus dicttts Antiarthrit'icus Purgans, (F.)
Poudre  de PSrard.   (Gum  Arab., potaae. euper-
tart., fol. senna, china, aa 4 p., ecammon., rad.
earaapar., china, guaiac. lign. aa, 2 p., fiat pulvis.
PA. P.) Purgative.  Used to obviate gout.  Dose,
3j-
  Pulvis Stanni, see Tin—p.  Sternutatorius, P.
asari compositus—p. Stibiatus, Antimonial pow-
der — p. Stypticus,  P. Sulphatis aluminae com-
positus—p. Sudorificus, P. ipecacuanhas comp.—
p. Sudorificus Doveri, P. ipecacuanhas  compo-
situs.
  Pulvis Sulpha'tis Alu'mina  Compos'itus,
P. ttlumino'sits seu alu'ininie kinosa'tus seu atyp'-
licue  seu  aluminie  compoeitue, Alu'men  kinoea'-
tum, Compound Alum  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre etyp-
tique  ou d'aliim compoaSe.  (Sulphatia alumina,
p. iv, kino, p. 1.  Ph. E.)   Astringent.   In in-
testinal hemorrhage  and  diarrhcea.  Dose, gr.
x to xv.
  Pulvis de Sul'phure et Scilla, P. antiaath-
mat'icua seu  ineialvua seu ad mucum pulmona'-
lem libe'riue cien'dum, (F.) Poudre  incjuive  ou
anti-aethmatique. (Sacchar., p. 3, eulphur. lot. p.
2, scilla.  siccat.  p.  j.  Ph. P.) Dose, gr. v to
3ss.
  Pulvis de Sulpha'te  Potas'sa Compos'itus,
P. tem'perane Stall Hi, (F.)  Poudre tempSrante de
Stahl. (Potaee. eulph., P. nitrat. aa  9 p., hydrarg.
eulph. rubr. 2 p. Mix.  Ph. P.)  As  an  anti-
phlogistic, and in acidity of the first passages.
Dose, 9j to h) ij.
   Pulvis e Sulphure'to  Hydrar'gyri Nigro
et Scammo'nio, dictue Vermif'ugis Mercuria'-
LIS, (F.) Poudre vermifuge mercurielle.   (Pulv.
cornachin., hydrarg.eulphuret. nigr. recent, praep.,
aa p. ae.  Mix. Ph. P.)  Dose, t^j  to 3SS-
   Pulvis Sympatheticus, Sympathetic powder
— p.  Teraperans Stahlii,  P. de  sulphate  potassae
compositus — p. Terrestris, P. cretae compositus.
   Pulvis Tragai an'tha Compos'itus, P. e Tra-
gacan'thd  compoeitue, Speciea Diatragacan'tha
frig"ida, Compound Powder ofi Tragacanth, (F.)
 Poudre de gomme  adragant compoaSe.   (Traga-
 canth.  contus., acacia cont, amyli, sing., Jiss,
 eaech.  purifi.  Jiij.   Ph.  L.)   Demulcent.   In
 coughs, Ac.  Dose, ^ss to ^iij.
   Pulvis de Tribus, P. cornachini—p. Tonqui-
 nensis, P. Cobbii — p. ad  Ulcera  tendinum, P.
 myrrhae compositus—p. Vermifugus absque mer-
 curio, Pulvis ex helminthocorto comp.—p. Ver-
 mifugus mercurialis,  P. e sulphureto hydrargyri
 nigro et scammonio—p. Vitae Imperatoris, P. cin-
 namomi compositus.
  . PUMEX,  Lapie pilmicie, Pumice, (F.) Pierre
 Ponce. This was formerly employed as a desicca-
 tive and dentifrice.
   PUMICE, Pumex.
   PUMILIO, Nanus.
   PUMILUS, see Nanus.
   PUMMEL-FOOT,  Kyllosis.
   PUMP, BREAST, Antlia lactea—p. Stomach,
  Stomach pump.
   PUMPKIN,  Cucurbita pepo.
   PUNA, (S.)  Veto,  Sorocco, Soroche, Mareo ;
  Hypeon'oeua, Mountain  Sickness,  (F.)  Mal de
  Montagne.   A sickness common in the  elevated
  districts of South America and elsewhere, which
 attacks those unaccustomed to breathe the rare-
 fied  atmosphere.  It Btrongly resembles  sea-
sickness, with a most acute and depressing throb-
bing in the head.  It does  not often aflect the
respiration greatly.
  PUNAISE, Cimex.
  PUNA1SIE, Ozaena.
  PUNCH, Rhlzagra,  from pungere, punctum,
'to  prick.'  Repulso'rium,  (F.)  Repoueaoir.  A
surgical  instrument  used   for  extracting  the
stumps of teeth.  See Lever.
  Also, an agreeable alcoholic  drink, made of
spirit, wine, sugar, lemon juice, and water.  Milk
is sometimes substituted in part for the water : it
then forms Milk Punch.
  PUNCTA  OSSIFICATIONIS,  Ossification,
points  of.
  PUNCT^E  MUCOSA, see Acne.
  PUNCTICULA, Petechiae.
  PUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncture—p. Nervi,
Neuronvgme.
  PUNCTUM, Stitch.
  Punctum Au'reum, Punctu'ra au'rea.  For-
merly, when an intestinal hernia was reduced .by
an incision made through the integuments down
to  the  upper part of the  spermatic  vessels, a
golden wire was fixed and twisted, so  as  to  pre-
vent the descent of any thing down  the tunica
vaginalis.  Henee the term.
  Punctum Cacum,  see Optic nerve — p. Lacry-
male, Lachrymal punctum.
  Punctum Sa'liens, P.  eanguin'eum ea'tiene,
Glob'ulua eanguin'eue,  Punctue  ruber  aa'liene.
The first moving point which  makes its appear-
ance after the fecundation of the germ.  It haa
been  generally, but erroneously, applied to the
heart of the embryo.
  PUNCTURA,  Paracentesis —p. Aurea, Punc-
tum aureum.
  PUNCTURE,  Punctu'ra, Pundtio, Cente'eie,
Paracente'eie, Nyxie, from  pungere, punctum, ' to
prick;' Treeie Punctura, (F.) Piqure.  A wound
made by a pointed instrument, as a sword, bayo-
net,, needle, thorn, Ac.  A puncture is, generally,
of  trifling consequence; but,  sometimes, it be-
comes important from the  parts  implicated, and
the after consequences.
  PUNCT'URING.  Same etymon.  Compunc'-
tio, Paracente'eie. (F.) Ponction.   The operation
of opening, by means of a trocar, lancet, Ac, any
natural  or accidental cavity, with the view of
 evacuating any fluid, effused  or accumulated
 therein.  Paracenteeie is a sort of puncturing.
   PUNCTUS  RUBER  SALIENS, Punctum
saliens.
   PUNGENT,  (F.)  Pongitif.   Same  etymon.
 Pain is said to be pungent,  when it seems as if  a
 pointed instrument were forced into the suffering
 part.
   PU'NICA  GRANA'TUM.  The Pomegranate,
 Rhoa,  Rhaea, Grana'tum,  Malograna'tum, (F.)
 Grenadier:  Ord. Myrtaceae.   Sex. Syet. Icosan-
 dria  Monogynia.  The rind of the fruit,  called
 Malicho'rium, Malacorium,  Malicorium,   Gra-
 na'ti Fructue Cortex (Ph. U. S.); and tbe flowers
 — called Balaustine flowers — are used in medi-
 cine.  They have been employed both internally
 and externally as  astringents.  The seeds are
 called Cocco'nee, kokkojvis.  The portion, however,
 of  the plant,  that has attained most  celebrity,  is
 the bark of  the root, Granu'ti Radi'cie Cortex
 (Ph. U. S.),  which appears to be very efficacious
 in  taenia.  It is given in decoction, (Granat. rad.
 cort. Jij: Aqua Oij, boiled  to Oiss.)  Dose, f Jij,
 every half hour. Three or four doses are usually
 sufficient to expel the worm.
   The bark  contains  a peculiar  matter  called
 Grenadln.      '
   PUNK. Boletus igniarius.
   PUOGENIA,  Pyogenia.
   PUPIL, Pupilla,  Pu'pula, Pupil io,  Vie'io, 
PUPILL-E VELUM          777               PURSLANE
Opeie,  Core, Cora, Rhox, Fenea'tra seu Nigrum
seu Fura'men  Oc'uli, Prunella,  Lumen,  Glene,
Sight or Apple or Ball of the eye, (Sc.) Blak of
the Eie, (Prov.) Candle,  (F.) Pupille, Prunelle.
The aperture of the  iris, through which the rays
of light pass that have to impress the image of an
object on the retina.  This aperture can be  di-
lated or contracted  so as to allow a greater or
smaller quantity of  luminous rays to  penetrate.
The pupil, in man, is round, and by it the ante-
rior and posterior chambers  of the eye commu-
nicate with each other.  In the foetus, during the
first six months of  gestation, it is closed by the
pupillary membrane.
   Pupil, Closure of the, Synezizis.
   Pupil, Pinhole.  A condition of the pupil in
typhus, in which it is so contracted as to resem-
ble a pinhole.  It indicates  a dangerous form of
brain affection.
   PUPILLiB VELUM, Pupillary membrane.
   PUPILLARIS HERBA, Lapsana.
   PU'PILLARY, Pupilla'rie,  (F.)  Pupillaire.
That which belongs  to the pupil.
   Pupillary  Membrane,  Membra'na Pupilla'-
rie, Pupil'la velum, Membra'na Wachendorfia'na.
The central aperture of the iris is closed, in the
foetus, during a certain period of  gestation, by a
very thin membrane. It disappears in the seventh
month.
   PUPPET ROOT, Veratrum viride.
   PUPPIS OS, Frontal bone.
   PUPULA, Pupil.
   PU'PULiE,  A'picee digito'rum.  The pulps or
extremities of the fingers.
   PURBLIND, Myopic.
   PURBLINDNESS, Myopia.
   PURGAMENT, Purgative.
   PURGAMENTA,  Excrement —p. Alba, Leu-
corrhoea— p. Infantis, Meconium — p. Puerperii,
Lochia — p. Uteri, Lochia.
   PURGANS  MEDICAMENTUM, Cathartic.
   PURGATIO, Catharsis —p. Alvi, Catharsis —
p.  Muliebris  alba,  Leucorrhoea — p.  Puerperii,
Lochia.
   PURGATION, Catharsis.
   PURGATIONES,  Menses —p. Menstruae,
IVl6ns6s
   PURGATIONS,  Menses.
   PUR'GATIVE, Purgatlvue, Purgane,  Moch'-
licue, Gatorelicue, Catoter'icue,  Gathar'tic, Pur'-
gament, Purge, (F.) Purgatlfi, from purgare, pur-
gatum, 'to cleanse.'   A medicine which operates
more powerfully on  the  bowels than a laxative,
stimulating the muscular, and exciting increased
secretion from  the mucous, coat.
   PURGE, Purgative — p.  Root,  Euphorbia  co-
rollata.
   PURGING,  Diarrhoea.
   PURIF'ICANS,  Purifi'icue,  from purificare,
'to make pure  or clean.'   Purifying; hence : —
   Purificantia, Medicines  that cleanse or purify
the blood.
   PURIFICUS, Purificans.
   PU'RIFORM, Purifiorm'ie,  from pue,  purie,
and forma.  Having the appearance of pus.
   PURL. A medicated  malt  liquor,  in  which
wormwood and aromatics are infused.
   PURO-HEPATITIS, see Hepatitis.
   PURO-MUCOUS, Pttro-muco'eue, from pue,
purie, and mucue. Having  the  character or ap-
pearance of pus and mucus.
   PURPLE  OF CASSIUS,  (F.)  Pourpre^ de
Caesiue.  A precipitate, obtained  by adding the
protochloride of tin  to a dilute solution of gold;
or by dipping rods of tin in a solution of  gold in
diluted chlorohydric acid.  Used in syphilis.
   PURPLES,  Purpura haemorrhagica.
   PUR'PURA,  Por'phyra,  'a   purple  colour.'
This  word has  been employed  in many  senses.
It generally means, livid spots  on the skin from
extravasated blood, with languor  and loss of
muscular  strength, pains in  the limbs. — (F.)
Pourpre.
  In Purpura Simplex, Porph'yra eimplex, Pe-
techia eine febre, Pelio'eie, Phoenig'mue Petechia'-
lie, Profu'eio eubcuta'nea, Pete'chial Scurvy, the
spots are numerous,  but  small and  flea-bite-
shaped;  chiefly on the breast, arms, and  legs;
with paleness  of countenance.  At times, the
affection is accompanied by severe pains in the
extremities, constituting Pelio'eie rheumat'ica.
  In Purpura Hamorrhag"ica, Porph'yra ha-
morrhag"ica, Stomac'ace univerea'lie, Hamorrha-
gia univerea'lie, Petechiano'sis, Morbua maculo'eue
hamorrhag" ictt8  Werlhof'ii,  Pelio'eie  hamor-
rhag"ic.a,  Scorbiltue, Schorbu'tua,  Hamorrhoe'a
petechia'Ha, Hamatoapil'ia,  Land Scurvy, Pur-
plea, (F.)  Seorbut, S. de Terre, Maladie de WerU
hofi, HSinacSlinoee,  PSHoee hSmorrhagique — thn
spots are  circular, and of different sizes; often  in
stripes or patches, irregularly scattered over the
thighs, arms, and trunk ; with occasional haemor-
rhage from the mouth, nostrils, or viscera, and
great debility and depression of spirits.
  In Purpura  Nau'tica,  Porphyra  nautica,
Scorbu'tue, Pechytyrbe, Gingibra'vhiiHii, Gingipe'-
dium, Scelotyr'be, Stomac'ace,  Scorbu'tus itau'ti-
cne, Sea  ecurvy,  (Sc.)  Scrubie,  (F.)  Seorbut,
there are  spots of different hues, intermixed with
the livid,  principally at the roots of the hair; the
teeth are  loose; the gums are  spongy and bleed-
ing ; the  breath is fetid, and the debility univer-
sal and extreme.  This occurs  chiefly  at sea,
after exposure to a moist, cold, foul atmosphere ;
with long use of one kind of food  and of stag-
nant water.
  All these varieties of purpura considerably re-
semble  each  other.  In the first two, however,
there seems,  at  times, to  be  some excitement,
which has led to  the employment of purgatives,
and even of bleeding, with  advantage.   They
are dependent upon a  peculiar diathesis, which
has been termed  Scorbu'tic Cachex'ia, Luee Scor-
butica, and Cacochym'ia Scorbu'tica.   Generally
speaking, the use of the mineral acids will be in-
dicated; and, in sea scurvy,  vegetable acids must
be  regarded ai the best antiscorbutics.  Nitre  is,
also, a good antiscorbutic, and  in cases of great
prostration it may  be united  with  cinchona
or turpentine.  Tamarinds  and cream of tartar,
made into drink, are also serviceable.  But the
great remedy is change from low to cheerful spi-
rits ; from filth to  cleanliness; and from a cold
and damp, to a temperate and dry  climate, with
change of food, and especially the  use of green
vegetables.
   The general principles of management are the
same in sea, as in land scurvy.
   Purpura, Scarlatina—p. Alba benigna et ma-
ligna, Miliary fever — p. Maligna, Petechiae — p
Miliaris, Miliary  fever—p. Puerperarum, Miliary
fever—p. Urticata, Urticaria.
   PURPURIC URINE, see Porphyruria.
  PURPURINE, see Porphyruria.
  PURPURISSUM,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum
rubrum.
  PURRING TREMOR, FrSmiaaement cataire
  PURSE, Scrotum—p.   Shepherd's, Thlaspi
bursa.
  PUR'SINESS, Dyepnae'v plnguedino'ea,  (F.)
Pouaee.  Dyspnoea  accompanied with oppressive
fatness.   The word is, also,  applied to dyspnoea
of every kind. One so affected is said to be purey,
or  ehort-winded, (Prov.) Sho'rt-ofi-puff,  Thick-
Hated, (F.) Pouaaifi.
  PURSLAIN, Purslane.
  PURSLANE, Portulaca —p. Milk, Euphorbia
corollata  and E. maculata — p. Speedwell, Ve- 
PURSY
778
PYLEPHLEBITIS
roiiea peregrina— p. Water, Ludwigia palustris,
Veronica beccabunga.
  PURSY, see Pursiness.
  PURULENCE, Pus, Suppuration.
  PURULENCY, Pus, Suppuration.
  PU'RULENT, Purulen'tua, Em'pyoe, Pyo'dea,
Py'icua,  from pue, purie.   That which  has the
character of pus or consists  of pus; as purulent
matter, a purulent collection, Ac.
  Purulent  Deposit, Pus.
  PURULENTIA, Suppuration.
  PURVAIN, Verbena officinalis.
  PUS,  Humor purulen'tua, Pyon,  Pyono'ma,
Matter, Pu'rulent depoe'it, Pu'rulence, Pu'ruleney,
(Sc.)  Wottraum,  Woreum.   A secretion  from in-
flamed textures, and  especially from the areolar
membrane. It is, almost always, of the same na-
ture, whatever may be the part it proceeds from.
Pus of a good quality,—laudable pue, Pue bonum
sou laudab'ile seu nutritlvum  seu verum, (F.)
Pue loitable, — is  of  a  yellowish-white colour,
opake, inodorous,  and of a  creamy appearance.
Heat, acids,  and  alcohol  coagulate it.  When
analyzed by Schwilgue, it afforded albumen and
water, a particular extractive substance, and  a
small quantity of soda,  phosphate of lime, and
other salts.  Normal pus consists  essentially of
wo distinct parts, pue corpueclee or pue globules,
Cytoid corpueclee, (Henle) — and  a colourless,
aqueous fluid, liquor purie, in which the corpus-
cles are  suspended.  A  variety  of the  pus cor-
puscles is described by M. Lebert under the name
pyoid.  Fully formed pus is aplastic.
  Pus Bonum, see Pus—p. Corpuscles, see Pus
— p. Corrosivum, Sanies — p. Globules,  see Pus
— p. Laudable, see Pus — p. Louable, see Pus —
p. Malignum, Ichor—p.  Malignum, Sanies —p.
Nutritivum, s6e Pus—p. Verum, see Pus.
  PUSH, Pustule.
  PUSILLA'TUM,  Pusnln'tum, from  pueillue,
'small' [?].   A coarse powder.
  PUSILLUS. Nanus.
  PUSKILE, Pustule.
  PUSTULA, Pustule—p. Ardens, Eczema—p.
Oris, Aphthae—p. Gangraenosa,  see Anthrax—p.
Livida Esthoniae, see Anthrax.
  Pustitla Sicca, Lichen.
  PUSTULAR, Puatnloue,  Puatula'rie,  Puetulo'-
iite, (F.)  Pnatuleux. Of or belonging to pustules.
Affected  with pustules.
  PUSTULA'TION, Puatula'tio, from  pustula,
'a pustule.'  The formation  of pustules.
  PUSTULE, Ptiskile, Push, Pue'tula, frvtn pue.
Ecpye'eie, Ecthy'ma,  Benath, Bube, Epanas'taaie.
An elevation  of  the  cuticle, with an  inflamed
base,  containing  pus.   Willan  and  Bateman
reckon four varieties of  pustules, Phlyza'cinm,
Peydra'cium, Achor,  and  Favua.  The variolous
pustule is often called,by the French, Grain; by
as. Pock.
  PUSTULE MALIGNE, see Anthrax.
  PUSTULOUS, Pustular.
  PUSULATUM, Pusillatum,
  PUT TO BED,. Deliver.
  PUTAMEN OVI,  see Membrana putaminis.
  PUTIUM. Prepuce.
  PUTREDO, Hospital Gangrene, Putrefaction.
  PUTREFACTION, Putrefac'tio,P„treecen'tia,
Sepaie, Sap'rotee, Se'pedon, Putrid or Putrefnct'ive
fermentation, from  putrie,  putre,  'rotten,'  and
facere, 'to make.' A decomposition, experienced
by animal substances*, when deprived of life, and
placed under special  circumstances.   The pre-
sence of water is indispensable,  the temperature
most favourable to  it, is   fr»m  60°  to 90° of
Fahrenheit.  The most common products of pu-
trefaction  are, water, carbonic acid,  acetic acid
ammonia, carburetted  hydrogen, and  a  semi-
 putrid substance, which is volatilized, and has an
infected odour.  It has been supposed that some-
thing like putrefaction  may occur  in  the living
body, as in case of putrid fever.  To this condi-
tion, Piorry has given the name Typhoha'mia,
conceiving it to be owing  to  alteration  of the
blood by  putrid animal  matters.  Putrefaction
signifies the state of becoming putrid : whilst Pu-
tridity, Putre'do,  Putrid'itae,  Pu'tridnese, (F.)
Ponrriture, is the  state of rottenness.
  PUTRESCENT, Hyposaprus—p. Poison, see
Poison.
  PUTRESCENTIA,  Putrefaction — p.  Uteri
gravidi, Hystero-malacia.
  PUTRID, Pu'tridue, Saproe, Sepedono'des. (F.)
Putride,  from putreo,  'to rot.'  An  epithet for
some affections, in which the matters excreted
and the transpiration itself exhale a smell of pu-
tridity.  It is particularly applied to typhus.
  PUTRIDITAS,  see Putrefaction.
  PUTRIDITY, see Putrefaction.
  PUTRILA'GO,  Putror, (F.) Pntrilage.  Same
etymon.  The pultaceous  matter or elough, which
forms in  certain  gangrenous  and other ulcers,
and is thrown off.
  PUTROR, Putrilage.
  PUTZOCHILL, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
  PUXIRI, see Pichurim beans.
  PYJ3MIA. Pyohaemia.
  PYAR'THRUM, from  trvov, 'pus,' and apdpov,
'joint'  A suppurated joint.
  PYCNAN'THEMUM  INCA'NUM,  (irt^vo-,
'dense,' and avStyiov, 'a blossom.')  Clinopod'ittm
inca'num,  Common Mountain  Mint, Wild Baail.
An indigenous  plant of the mint/a»rti7y— Ord.
Labiatae— which flowers in August.   It  has the
aromatic properties of the mints.
  Pycnan'themum Linifo'lium, Virginia Thyme,
has like virtues.
  PYCNICMASTICA, Incrassantia.
  PYCNOSIS, Inspissatio.
  PYCNOTICA, Incrassantia.
  PYEC'CHYSIS, from  trvov,  'pus,' and  argnnf,
'effusion.'  An  effusion of pus.
  PYELI'TIS, (F.) PySlite, from ttveXos, 'pelvis,'
and  itie, denoting inflammation.   Inflammation
of the pelvis and calices of the kidney.
  PYELOMETER, Pelvimeter. '
  PYELONEPHRI'TIS,  from irvtXos,  'pelvis,'
vttppos, 'kidney,' and itie,  denoting  inflammation.
Inflammation of the kidney, and of the pelvis and
calices,
  PYELOS, Pelvis.
  PYEMESIS, Pvoemesis.
  PYESIS, Suppuration.
  PYETIA, Colostrum, Rennet
  PYGE,  Nates.
  PYGM^US, Pygmy.
  PYGME. Fist, Forearm.
  P YGMEE, Pygmy.
  PYGMY, Pigmy, Pygma'ue, (F.) PygmSe, from
irvypn, ' the fist;  as big as the fist'   A dwarf.
The Pygmaei were a fabulous  nation of dwarfs in
the  extreme parts of  India; or, according to
othe'rs, in Ethiopia.
  PYGODID'YMUS, Dld'ymue eymphyoperina'-
ue, Pygop'agee, from irvyn, ' the nates,' and itiv-
uos, 'a twin.'  A monstrosity,  in which twins are
united by the sacrum and coccyx.
  PYGOM'ELES, (F.) Pygomile, from trvyt,, 'the
nates,' and neXtos,' unprofitable.'   A monster with
excessive  growth  on the nates or rump
  PYGOPAGES,  Pygodidymus.
  PYICUS, Purulent
  PYLE. Porta.
  PYLEMPHRAX'IS,  from nvXn,  'porta,' 'a
gate,' and tiitppa^ts, 'obstruction.'  Obstruction of
the vena porta.
   PYLEPHLEBITIS, from  m,Xn, 'porta,' *Xt*( 
PYLORIC  ,             779    PYRAMIDES  ANTER1EURES
<P>>c(ios, ' a vein,' and  tVi», denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the  vena porta.
  PYLOR'IC. Pylor'icna, (F.) Pyloriqwe.  Same
etymon as pylorus.  That which relates to the
pylorus.   An epithet given to different parts.
  Pyloric Artery,  Arte'ria Corona'ria dextra,
(F.) Petite artire gaetrique droite, arises  from the
hepatic, and is distributed to the  pylorus and to
the lesser curvature of the stomach, anastomosing,
particularly, with the A.  coronaria ventriculi and
A. gastro-epiploica dextra.
  Pyloric Vein follows the same distribution as
the artery.
  PYLORIQUE, Pyloric.
  PYLO'RUS, Jan'itor, Portona'.rium, from trvXn,
'a gatt,' and  ovpos, 'a guardian.'  Oa'tium ven-
tric'uli duodena'le seu pylor'icum seu dextrum seu
infe'riue,  Orifi.c"ium dextrum  seu  infieriue seu
Egres'sus seu Os infe'riue seu An'nuhi8 seu Sphinc-
ter ventric'uli,  Oetia'riue, Hoetia'riue, (F.) Pylore.
The lower or right orifice of the stomach—Orifice
intestinal (Ch.) — is  called  Pylorus,  because  it
closes the entrance into  the intestinal canal, and
is furnished with  a circular, flattened, fibro-mu-
cous ring,  which  occasions the total  closure  of
the stomach during digestion in that organ. This
ring has been called the Valve ofi the  Pylorus,
Sphincter Pylo'ri, Pylo'rue propria eie dictue, (F.)
 Valvule  du pylore.  It  is a fold of the mucous
and muscular  membranes of the stomaoh; and
is the Pyloric  muscle of some authors.
   PYO, in composition,  means  'pus,'  from jruov,
'pus.'
  PYOBLENNICUS, Mucopurulent.
  PYOBLENNORRHCE'A, from pyo, and 0Xcwa,
'mucus,' and pete, 'I  flow.'  A discharge of puri-
form mucus.
   PYOCENO'SIS, from^yo, and kcvioois,' evacua-
tion.'   Evacuation of pus.
  PYOCHEZ'IA,  Diarrhce'a  purulen'ta,  from
pyo, and xc^>' I go to stool.'   Discharge of pus
by stool.  Purulent diarrhcea.
   PYOCGS'LIA,  Ascites purulen'tua,  from pyo,
and KoiXia, ' the  belly.'  Pus  in  the  abdominal
cavity.
  PYOCYSTIS, Vomica.
  PYODES, Purulent.
  PYQSDE'MA,  from pyo, and oiinua,  'swelling.'
Tumefaction of the surface owing to effusion  of
pus.
  PYOEM'ESIS, Pyem'esie, Vom'ituepurulent'ue,
from  pyo, and  tficois,  'the  act of  vomiting.'
Vomiting of pus.
   PYOGENESIS, Pyogenia.
  PYOQY'S'IA, Puogen'ia, Pyogen'eaie,  Pyopo'6'-
eie, from pyo, and  ytveeis, 'generation.'  Genera-
tion of pus.  The theory or mechanism  of the
formation of pus.  Some have  believed that pus
Is formed by the arterial system, and is deposited,
by way of excretion, in the inflamed parts ; others,
that it is formed by tbe destruction of solid parts.
It seems to be owing to a degeneration  of the
liquor sanguinis and  exudation corpuscles.
  Pyogenia Corrosiva, Ulceration—p.  Simplex,
Suppuration.
  PYOGEN'IC, Pyogen'icue.  Same  etymon.
Having relation to the formation of pus.
  PYOHjE'MIA, Pya'mia, (F.) PyohSmie, from
pyo, and 'aipa, ' blood.'   Alteration of the blood
by pus,  giving occasion  to  the Diath'eeie seu In-
fec'tio purulen'ta.                  __
  PYOID  CORPUSCLES or  GLOBULES, see
Pus.
  PYOME'TRA,  P. purulen'ta,  from pyo, and
unrpa, ' womb.'  A collection of pus in  the uterus.
  Pyometra Purulenta, Pyometra.
  PYON. Pus.
  PYONEPHRITE, see Nephritis.
  PYONOMA, Pus.
!   PYOOTORRHCEA, Otirrhoea.
   PYOPERICAR'DIA,  Pyopericar'dium, from
 pyo, irc.pt, ' about,' and Kapiia,' the heart'  A col-
 lection of pus in the pericardium.
   PYOPHTHALMIA, Hypopyon —p.  Neonato-
 rum, see Ophtha'lmia (purulenta infantum).
   PYOPLEURITE, Empyema.
   PYOPOESIS, Pyogenia.
   PYOP'TYSIS,  from pyo, and trrvot, 'I spit.
 Spitting of pus.
   PYORRHAG"IA, from pyo, and payn, 'violent
 rupture.'   A sudden discharge  of a large  collec-
 tion of matter.
   PYORRHCE'A, from pyo, and p-«,' I flow.'  A
 discharge of pus.
   Pyorrh(ea  Alvina, Pyochezia — p. Aurium,
 Otirrhoea — p.  Nasalis,  Ozaena — p.  Palpebrae,
 Blepharopyorrhcea—p. Urinalis, Pyuria — p. Vi-
 arum lacrymalium, Dacryopyorrhoea.___
   PYOSIS,  Hypopyon,  Pterygion,-Suppuration
 — p. Pectoris, Empyema.
   PYOTHORAX VERUS, Empyema.
   PYOTORRHEE, Otirrhoea.
   PYOTURIA, Pyuria.
  * PYR, Fever.
   PYRA, Anthrax—p. Crustumina, Crustumina-
 tum — p. Crustumerina, Crustuminatum.
   PYR'AMID,  Pyr'amie,  irvpapis,   irvpapitioS,
 Eminen'tia  pyramida'lie  tym'pani, from  irvp,
 ' flame,' which has a conical appearance [?].  A
 small bony projection in the cavity of the tym-
 panum, which is excavated, to  lodge tbe muscles
 of tbe  stapes.  The  Centre-pin of  the trephine.
 A small, obtusely pointed eminence of the infe-
 rior vermiform process of the cerebellum.
   Pyramid, see Calumba—p. of Malacarne, Ver-
 miform process, inferior.
   PYRAMIDAL  DE VABDOMEN, Pyrami-
 dalis abdominis—p. de la  Cuisee, Pyramidalis —
 p. du Nez, Pyramidalis nasi—p. Staptdien, Sta-
 pedius.
   PYRAMIDALE, (OS,) Cuneiform, (bone.)
   PYRAMIDA'LIS  ABDOM'INIS,  Mue'culue
 Fallo'pii seu euccenturia'tua seu auxilia'riue, (F.)
 Pubio-ombilical, Pubio-eoua-ombilical (Ch.), Py-
 ramidal de I'abdomen. A small, fleshy, pyrami-
 dal  fasciculus, whose  existence is not constant;
 and which is inserted* by its base, into the upper
 part of the pubis, and terminates, by its summit,
 at tbe inferior part of the  linea  alba.   When it
 contracts, it stretches the linea alba.
   Pyramida'lis, P. Fem'orie,  Ili'acue exter'nue,
 Pyrifiorm'ie, Pirifiormie, Primue et euperior quad-
 rigem'inua,  (F.)  Sacro-trochantSrien  (Ch.),  Py-.
 ramidal de la cuieee.  A flat,  triangular muscle,
 situate at the posterior part of the pelvis.  By iu
 base, it is attached to the anterior surface  of the
 sacrum; to the corresponding surface of the great
 sacro-sciatic ligament and to the posterior  part
 of the ilium.   It  terminates by a tendon, which
 is attached to the inner surfaee of the  great tro-
 chanter.  This muscle is a rotator  of the tbigh
 outwards, or of the pelvis in an  opposite direction.
   Pyramidalis Femoris, Pyramidalis.
   Pyramida'lis Nasi,  Proc"erue  naei, Naeum
 dila'tane, (F.) Fronto-naaal (Ch.), Pyramidal  du
 nez.  A thin, triangular muscle, which has  ita
 summit upwards.  Above,  it is continuous with
 the occipito-frontalis.  It descends vertically be-
 fore the root of the nose, on  which it terminates,
 becoming  confounded with  the  transversalis.
 This muscle wrinkles the skin of the root of the
 nose transversely, and stretches that which covers
 the tip.
   PYRAMIDES, Corpora pyramidalia.
   PYR AMIDES  ANTERIEURES,  Corpora
 pyramidalia — p. Ferreini, Ferrein, pyramids  of 
PYRAMIDS  OF  MALPIGHI
780
PYRUS  AMERICANA
 —p. Malpigbianae, Papillae of the kidney—p. Pos-
 tSrieuree du cervelet, Corpora restiformia.
   PYRAMIDS  OF  MALPIGHI, Papillae of the
 kidney—p. of Ferrein, see Ferrein—p. Posterior,
 Corpora restiformia — p.  of Wistar,  Sphenoidal
 cornua.
   PYRAMIS, Penis, Pyramid—p. Cochleae, Mo-
 diolus— p.  Trigotia, see Temporal bone.
   PYRCEA, Incendium.
   PYREC'TICA,  ' febrile;'  from rrvpiros, ' fever,'
 and tXf>,' I have.'  Fevers :  the first order in the
 class Hamatica of Good.
   P YRELA1NES, Olea empyreumatica.
   PYRENOIDES, Odontoid.
   PYRETHRE,  Anthemis pyrethrum.
   PYRETHRUM, Anthemis pyrethrum, Urtica
 —p. Partbenium, Matricaria parthenium—p. Syl-
 vestre, Achillea ptarmica.
   PYRETICO'SIS,  from   irvp,  'fire,'   irvptros,
 'fever;' Morbusfiebri'lie.  A febrile affection.
   PYRETIC US, Febrifuge,  Febrile.
   PYRETOGENETIC, Stimulant.
   PYRETOGRAPH'IA,  from  irvptros,  'fever,'
 and  ypatpn,  'a  description.'  A description of
 fever.
   PYRETOL'OGY, Pyretolog"ia,  from  irvptros,
 ' fever,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.'  Pyrology.   A
 treatise on fevers.  A title  sometimes given  to a
 monograph on  fever.
   PYRETOS, Fever.
   PYRETOTYPOSIS, Intermittent.
   PYREX'IA,/>yrex'i«, irvpc^is,(irvp, 'fire.') Fever.
 The febrile  condition.   Also, a paroxysm of fever
 — Paroxyemua febri'lie.
   Pyrex'ia, Febrile dieeaeee.  The first class of
 Cullen's Nosology.
   PYRI MARTIALES, Ferrum tartarizatum.
   PYRIA,  Fomentation, Vaporarium.
   PYRIATERIUM, Vaporarium.
   PYRICAUSTUM, Burn.
   PYRIFORMIS, Pyramidalis.
   PYRIPH'LEGES,   nvptipXcyns,  Pyriphlectoe,
 xvpupXtKros, from irvp, ' fire,'  and  tpXtyta, ' I burn.'
 One  who has a  burning fever.
   PYRITES. IRON, Ferri  sulphuretum.
   PYRMOXT, MINERAL WATERS OF.  A
 celebrated mineral spring on the Weser, in West-
 phalia, four leagues from Hamelet  The waters
 are tonic, and  contain chlorides of  sodium  and
 magnesium, sulphates of soda and magnesia, and
 carbonates  of iron, lime, and magnesia dissolved
 in carbonic acid, with some resinous [?] princi-
 ples.   It is a highly carbonated chalybeate.
   Artificial Pyrmont Water may be formed
 of Epeom salt,  gr. xv; common ealt, gr. v; mag-
 neeia, gr. x ; iron-filinge, gr. v;  water, Oiij.  Im-
 pregnated with the gas from marble-powder and
 sulphuric acid, aa ^vij.
    PYR03NUS, Spiritus rectificatus.
    PYR'OLA, P. rotundifio'lia, Round-leaved Py-
 rola or  Wintergreen ; Shin leaf.  Ord.  Ericaceae.
. Diminutive of  Pyrne, a pear tree, from a fancied
 resemblance of the. foliage.   This plant was  once
 used as a gentle astringent and tonic.
    Pyr'ola  Macula'ta, Chimaph'ila Macula'ta,
 Spotted Pipsis'sewa, Spotted Wintergreen, White-
 leaf,  White Pipaiaaewa, King cure, Ground holly,
 Rhetunatiem weed, Ac, has similar properties.
    Pyrola,  Roukdleaved, Pyrola.
    Pyrola   Umbella'ta. Chimaph'ila seu  Chi-
 moph'ila umbella'ta, C. Corymbo'ea, Ground-holly,
 Pipeie'eewa,  Wintergreen,  Rhettmatiem   weed,
  Prince'e pine, Herbe a pisser (Canada). This com-
 mon American plant is allied to the uva ursi, in bo-
 tanical as well  as medical  qualities.   It  is tonic
 and.  diuretic.   The  bruised leaves  irritate  the
 skin.  From the  decoction  or infusion an agree-
 able  beverage  may be formed by  adding sugar
ginger to flavour it, and yeast to produce fermen-
tation.  Under the name Pipeie'eewa Beer it haa
been used in scrofulous affections.
  PYROLEUM  OSSIUM  RECTIFICATUM,
Oleum animale Dippelii.
  PYROLIG'NEOUS ACID, Ac"i'ri«n» py-
roace'ticum seupyrolig'neumaeupyroligno'eiiin seu
pyroxyl'icum seu ligni pyro-oleo'eum seu ace'ticum
empyreumat'icum seu lig'neum seu ligno'rum em-
pyreumat'icum, Pyrolig'nic acid, (F.) Acide pyro-
acStique ou pyrolignique ou pyroligneux, Vinaigre
de boie.  An acid, obtained by distillation  from
wood,  coal, Ac, which was once believed to be of
a  peculiar character.   It  is  now known to be
formed of acetic  acid and an  empyreumatic oil,
from which it may be freed; and,  in this state, is
sold in commerce for  Acetum dietillatum, Acetic
acid of  commerce, Ai"idum  ace'ticum  e  Ligno
vena'le.  It is used for similar purposes as dis-
tilled  vinegar, and for preserving  animal sub-
stances.   It has also been  used as an antiseptic
in gangrene  and sphacelus, and to foul  ulcers;
wherever indeed creasote is indicated.—The dose
of  the impure  pyroligneous  acid internally is
from  five to thirty drops, three or four times a
day.
   PYROMA'NIA,  Incen''diary mononia!nia, from
irvp, 'fire,' and mania.   Insanity, with  an irre-
sistible desire to destroy by fire.
   PYROPH'AGUS, Igniv'orue, from  irvp, 'fire,'
and ipayui, ' I eat'  One who eats fire.  A juggler,
who "eats bodies in  a state of ignition.
   PYROS, Triticum.
   PYRO'SIS, from irvp,' fire,'' the act of burning.'
Ptyalie'muapyroe'icue, Limo'eie cardialgia spitta-
to'ria, Ardor seu Ebullil'io etom'achi seu ventric'-
uli,Cardialgia eputato'ria,Pyroeis Suec"ica,Apo-
ceno'eie vom'itus pyroeie, Dyspep'eia pyroeie, Cnis-
moreg'mia, Orex'ie (of some), Soda, Waterbraeh,
 Waterqualm,  Waterpang, Black-water, (F.) Ar-
deur de i'estomac, Fer chaud, Cremaeon, Gorgoeeet.
This affection consists of a  hot sensation in the
stomach, with eructations of an  acrid, burning
liquid, that causes a distressing sensation in the
parts  over  which  it passes.  Attention  to diet,
and the  use of bitter absorbents, will  usually re-
lieve,  when the disease is functional.   Occasion-
ally, it is symptomatic  of organic disease of the
stomach.
   Pyrosis also signified,  of old, inflammation,
gangrene, and a burn.
   Pyrosis Suecica, Pyrosis.
   PYROSOPHIA, Chymistry.
   PYROTECHNIA, Chymistry.
   PY'ROTECHNY, Pyrotech'ne, Pyrot.ech'nia,
from irvp, 'fire,' and rtx?n, 'art'   Art  of making
fire-works, Ac.   Also, chymistry.  M. Percy has
used  the term Pyrotechnic Chirurgicale for  the
 art of  applying  fire  or the  actual  cautery in
 surgery.
   PYROTHONIDE, from irvp, 'fire.'  and  odovn,
 'linen.'   Liquor pyro-oleo'eue e lin'teo pnra'tus.
 A kind  of pyrogenous or empyreumatic oil, pro-
 duced by the combustion of  textures of hemp,
 linen, or cotton  in  a  copper vessel.  The brown
 product is acid.  Its medical  properties probably
 resemble those of creasote.   Diluted  with three
 or four times  its weight of water, it has been used
 as a gargle in  cynanche tonsillaris,  but is not
 now employed.
   It  is  said, also, to be a  popular remedy for
 toothach and skin diseases.  When prepared from
 rags,  it  is called Rag oil;  when from  paper, Pa
 per oil, (F.) Huile de Papier.
   PYROTICUS, Caustic.
   PYROXYLIN, Gun cotton, see Collodion.
   PYRUS AMERICANA, Sorbus Americana.
   Pyrus  Cydo'nia,  Cydo'nin  muHfor'mie  seu
J vulga'rie, Sorbue  Cydo'nia,  Cydo'ni'a,  Coto'nia, 
PYTIA
781
QUARAN/INE
Quince Tree, (F.) Coignoaaier, Cognaaaier.  Ord. I
Rosacea;.    Sex.  Syat.  Icosandria Pentagynia.J
The  fruit  is termed Cydo'nium  malum, Malum
canum seu  coto'neum, 31elum  cydo'nium,  Quince,
(F.) Coign.   Quince-seeds—Cydo'nium (Ph. U. S.
1851)'—are sometimes used in decoction  as a de-
mulcent.   The  fruit makes a  pleasant preserve.
  Pyrus Domestica, Sorbus domestica.
  Pyrus Malus, Maine, M. daeyphyl'la seu com-
mu'nie seu eylvee'trie,  Sorbite malue,  Melea,  the
Apple Tree, (F.)  Pommier.  The apple — (F.)
Pomme—is an agreeable fruit when ripe.  When
unripe, it disagrees, especially with those of weak
digestive powers.   The  same may be said of the
 pear, (F.) Poire;  the fruit of Pyrue commu'nie,
P. Sorbite  seu Sati'va, Pirue, A'pioe,(F.) Poirier.
  Apple Brandy is a  spirituous  liquor  obtained
from  the juice of the apple, and much used in the
Unite* States.
   PYTIA, Colostrum, Rennet.
  Q.. see Abbreviation.
  QUABEBE. Piper cubeba.
  QUACK." Charlatan.
  QUACK-MEDICINE, Arcanum.
  QUACKSALVER,  Charlatan.
  QUADRANS, Quarta para libra.  A quarter
of a pound.  Three ounces (Troy.)
  QUADRA'TUS,  (F.)  CarrS,  from  quadrue,
'square.'  A name for muscles whose figure  ap-
proaches  a  square.   Depressor Labii inferioris,
Quadratus femoris.
  Quadratus Dorsi, Q. lumborum.
  Quadra'tus   Fem'oris,   Quadratite,   Qnartua
quadrigem'inue quadratue,  (F.) Tubcr-iechio-tro-
chantSrien (Ch.), lechio-eoue-trochantSrien.  CarrS
de la Cuieee.  A muscle situate at  the  posterior
and upper part of the thigh.  It is thin, flat, and
quadrilateral, and is attached to the outer part of
the tuberosity of the ischium ; whence it proceeds
transversely to the  inferior part of the  posterior
margin of the  great  trochanter.   It  rotates  the
limb, turning the toe  outwards.
  Quadratus Gena, Platysma myoides—q. Ra-
dii, Pronator radii quadratus.
  Quadratus  Lumbo'rum, Quadratue seu Lum-
ba'ris externue, Q. dorei, Flectene par lumbo'rum,
(F.)  Ilio-coetal,  (Ch.)   Ilio-lombi-coetal,  CarrS
dee lombee.  A flat, somewhat  thick,  irregularly
quadrilateral muscle, situate in the loins, at tbe
Bides  of the vertebral column.  It is  attached,
below, to the crista ilii and ilio-lumbar ligament;
and above, to tbe inferior margin of the last rib;
and  besides, to the  base  of the transverse pro-
cesses of the  last four  lumbar vertebrae. This
muscle inclines the loins to its  side; depresses
the last rib, and is thus a  muscle of  respiration.
It can also raise the hip.
  QUADRIGA, Cataphracta.
  QUADRIGEM'INA TUBER'CULA, Eminen'-
tia Quadrigem'ina seu Bigem'ina, Optic  Lobes,
Optic  Ganglia,  Pone Sylvii,  Cor'pora  quadri-
gem'ina   seu  bigem'ina, Natee  et  Teetee, (F.)
Tnberculee quadrijumeaux  ou  bijumeaux, Emi-
nencee bigSminSea, Lobee optiquee ou  bijumeaux.
Four medullary tubercles, situate at the posterior
surface of the tuber  annulare.  They are white,
externally;  gray,  internally; oblong; rounded;
  PYTISMA, Sputum.
  PYUL'CON, Pyulciim, from  irvov, 'pus,' and
'cXkid, 'I extract'  (F.)  Tire-pue.  A surgical in-
strument  for extracting  pus from  any  cavity.
Many pyulca have been employed, all of which
act as exhausting syringes.
  PYU'RIA, Pyottlria, Pyorrhce'a urina'lie, (F.)
Pynrie, Pissement de Pus, from  nvov,  ' pus,' and
ovpov, 'urine.'  Discharge of purulent urine: a
symptom which occurs in many diseases; par-
ticularly in cases of renal calculi, and in organic
affections of the bladder.  It receives various epi-
thets, according to the part whence the pus pro-
ceeds:— as  Pyuria urethra'lis, P. rena'lis, and
P. vesica'lie.
   Pyuria Chylosa, Chyluria—p. Lactea, Chy-
luria— p.  Mucosa, Cystirrhoea — p. Serosa, Cys-
tirrhoea— p. Viscida, Cystirrhoea.
   PYXIS,  irvl-is.   A box;  a pill-box.  Also, an
 emollient ointment. — Aetius, and Paulus.
I   Pyxis, Boite, see Cotyloid.
  connected by pairs, and separated by two grooves,
  which divide them crucially.   Of these tubercles
  — the  superior called Natee, Na'tuta, Tuber'cula
  anterio'ra, Glu'tia, are  larger and more promi-
  nent than the lower, called Testes, Tuber'cula poe-
.  terio'ra.  The  pineal gland corresponds exactly
  to the point of intersection  of  the  two furrows
  that separate them.
    QUADRIGEMINUS  PRIMUS ET  SUPE-
  RIOR,  Pyramidalis—q. Quartus  quadratus, Qua-
  dratus femoris — q. Secundus et  tertius, Ischio-
  trochanterianus.
,    QUADR1JUMEA UX(TUBERCULES),
  Quadrigemina Tubercula.
f    QUADROON, see Mulatto—q. Black, see Mu-
•  latto.
I    QUAFADIL, Melanthium Virginicum.
    QUAHOIL,  Cacao.
1    QUAIL, Tetrao coturnix.
[    QUAMASH, EASTERN, Scilla esculenta.
    QUA^TDROS.   Ancient name for a precious
  stone, believed to exist in the brain of the vul-
  ture ; and to which was attributed the  property
  of  augmenting the secretion  of  milk, and pre-
  serving from deadly  accidents.   No  sach  stone
\  exists.
;    QUAR'ANTINE,  Quarantine,  Quarentaine,
;  from(I.) Quaranti'na, itself from quaranta, 'forty,'
  (F.) Quarantaine.  The time during which tra-
!  vellers, returning from a country where the plague
!  or any other pestilential disease exists, are cora-
[  pelled to remain on board ship or in a lazaretto.
s  They,  as well as the ship, are said 'to  perform
j  quarantine.'  Quarantine  is sometimes extended
  beyond  forty  days, whilst its  duration is fre-
  quently much  less.   It is sometimes enforced by
  land; for example, when contagious diseases re-
  quire the establishment of cordone eam'tairee, and
'  when persons are desirous of leavinginfected dis-
'  tricts.   During quarantine, no communication is
'  i allowed between the travellers  and the inhabit-.
'  ants of the country.   Quarantine is a great im-
-  pediment to  commerce; and is,  doubtless,  very
  frequently enforced when  there is but, little  dan-
•  ger of contagion. The evils, however, that might
,  arise from the introduction of a widely-spreading
;  contagious disease, are so disastrous, as to indue*
Q- 
               QUARTAN               7

legislators to maintain these  laws  in perhaps an
unnecessary degree of rigour.
  QUARTAN, from quartita, ' the fourth.'  Quar-
ta'na Febrie,  An'etue  Quarta'nue,  Tetarta'ue,
Quartan Ague, (F.) Quarte.  An intermittent the
paroxysms of which recur every  fourth  day,
leav