©vV ?436p 1857 ^p IP'I &+A m vu:-i^ B 0 OIL ¥ Surg-eon General's Office C/ecticn *..'?£. ^tr% ^ THE PHYSICIAN'S PRESCRIPTION BOOK: CONTAINING LIST OF TERMS, PHRASES, CONTRACTIONS AND ABBRE- VIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS, WITH EXPLANATORY NOTES, A1SO, THE GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTION OF PRESCRIPTIONS, ETC., ETC. 10 'WHICH IS ADDED A KEY, CONTAINING THE PEESCEIPTIONS IN AN TJNABBEEVIATED FORM, WITH A. LITERAL TBAtJSLATICN, Cntrnocti for tf)e tS.se of iSUotcal ano $3fjarmaccutical 4-36p ]2 57 F&hm.sw. ™-z PREFACE TO THE TWELFTH EDITION. This little work has been before the public for thirty years, the first edition having been published in 1824. In preparing the eleventh edition for the press, the Author made numerous additions, with a view of increasing its usefulness. So short a period having elapsed, it has been considered unneces- sary to submit the work to farther revision. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAE.T I.—General Remarks on Prescriptions. PAGK CHAP. I. — Definitions. Prescription, Formula, Receipt or Recipe.—Components of EormuUe. ............................ 13 CHAP. II.—Historical Notice. The Pentateuch. Nicander, Scribonius Largus, Galen, Sabur, the first official Bri- tish pharmacopoeia................................................... 11 CHAP. III.—Of the Parts of a Prescription......................... 16 CIIAP. IV.—Language used in Prescriptions. Customs of dif- ferent countries. Reasons for preferring the Latin lan- guage...................................................................... 19 CHAP. V.—Terms and Phrases employed in Prescriptions:— Sect. 1.—Terms relating to General Blood-letting. Phlebo- tomy. Arteriotomy. Fainting. Instruments used for blood-letting............................................................ 22 Sect. 2.—Terms relating to Local Blood-letting. Cupping, and apparatus for. Leeches, their application.—Scariii- cation..................................................................... 27 gECT_ 3.—Terms relating to the Extraction of Teeth, dc. Toothache. Extraction of Teeth. Lancing the gums. Tooth instruments................................................... 32 Sect. 4.—Terms relating to Plasters, dc. Plasters, malag- mata, pastilli, cataplasms, epispastics, blisters............. 34 Sect. 5-—Terms relating to Friction, dc. Friction, inunction and dusting or besprinkling...................................... 36 1 CONTENTS. PAGE Sect. 6.—Terms relating to Shaving, dc. Hairs, shaving,—a razor....................................................................... 38 Sect. 7.—Terms relating to Issues, Setons, Acupuncture, dc. Issues, mode of production. Setons. Seton needle. Acupuncture............................................................ 40 Sect. 8.—Terms relating to Electricity, dc. Electricity, po- sitive and negative.—Apparatus for electrization.—dif- ferent modes of electrifying. Voltaic electricity. Eloe- tro-maguetism. Electro-puncture. Magnetism........... 42 Sect. 9.—Terms relating to Purging, rfc. Stools or Excre- ments,— purging,— constipation,— to purge—to 'bind the bowels. Clysters. Suppositories.......................... 43 Sect. 10.—Terms relating to Vomiting, Sweating, Sneezing, dc. Vomiting,—to promote it, to suppref.s it; infusion of emetics into the veins.—Sweating, to promote it, to suppress it.—Sneezing, to excite it.—Diuresis, to pro- mote it. Catheters to draw off the urine.—Menses, to promote them........................................................... 52 Sect. 11.'—Of Worms. Intestinal worms (and other ento- zoa,) to expel them.................................................... 56 Sect. 12.—Terms relating to Baths. Fomentations, dc. Baths, different kinds of; ancient baths, local baths. Affu- sion. Fomentation. Washing. Dry Fumes. Aqueous vapours..................................................................... 58 Sect. 13.—Terms relating to Doses. Doses or portions. Spoon- fuls, cupfuls, glassfuls. Volume of solid medicines. Different modes of administering medicines................. f>2 Sect. 14.—Terms relating to time. Months, weeks, days, hours.—Immediately, occasionally, &c........................ 06 Sect. 15.—Terms relating to Parts of the Body. Head, neck, body, chest, abdomen, extremities, &c......................... 72 Sect. 10.—Terms relating to the Symptoms of Diseases. Cough, pain, watchfulness, tenesmus, fever, spasm, hic- cup, &c.................................................................... 76 Sect. 17.—Terms relating to the Povjers and Uses of Reme- dies. To cure, to prevent relapses, to appease pain, to promote urine and the menses, to correct acidity, to fu- migate, to allay spasm, to expel worms, to cauterize, &c............................................................................ SO Sect. 18.—Terms used in General Therapeutics and Phar- macology. Dr. Duncan's Classification of the general terms used by writers on general therapeutics and phar- macology, with additions........................................... 81 CONTENTS. Vll PAGE Sect. 13.—Terms relating to Food, dc. Food or aliment- Diet. Corn and its alimentary preparations. Drinks: broth, milk, spirit, wines, beer, aqueous drinks........... 87 Sect. 20.— Terms relating to Pharmaceutical Instruments. Thermometer, syringes, sponges, rods, camel's-hair pen- cils, funnels, bandages, splints, trusses, boxes, gallipots, bottles, corks and bungs, papers....... ........................ 93 Sect. 21.—Terms relating to Surgical Instruments............... 97 Sect. 22.—Terms relating to Pharmaceutical Operations....... 97 CHAP. VI.—Nomenclature employed in Prescriptions. Scien- tific, classical, and barbarous names. Origin of the no- menclature now used in natural history and chemistry. Advantages and disadvantages of the modern pharma- ceutical nomenclature. Germs of a new nomenclature. 99 CHAP. VII.—Abbreviations and Contractions used in Pre- scriptions. Dangers arising from the use of abbrevia- tions. List of abbreviated names which refer to two or more dissimilar substances. Directions for wiiting la- bels for medicines. Table of abbreviations used in pre- scriptions and pharmacy........................................... 104 CHAP. VIII.—Symbols or Signs used in Prescriptions. List of those in most frequent use. Mistakes from the simi- larity between the symbol for an ounce and that for a drachm................................................................... 119 CHAP. IX.—On the Grammatical Construction of Prescrip- tions : 1. Rules of Syntax. Concords....................................... 124 " " Government................................. 126 2. Grammatical Explanation of Prescriptions.................. 130 CHAP. X.—On the Pronunciation of Pharmaceutical Terms... 135 Sect. 1.—Pronunciation of Letters. General rules. Excep- tions....................................................................... I36 Sect. 2.—Pronunciation of Syllables: Accent. English mode of accenting Latin words. Rules usually followed. 140 Sect. 3.—Length or Quantity of Syllables or Vowels. En- glish scholars do not usually retain in all cases the Ureek and Latin quantities iu pronouncing Greek and Latin words. General rules commonly followed.......... 1-12 rrosodiacal Vocabulary................................................... 146 PART II.—Prescriptions in an Abbreviated Form. PAGE CHAP. 1.—For Blood-letting............................................... HjJ Blisters...................................................... lc3 Mixtures.................................................... 1G5 Draughts................................................... 1"8 Powders and Pills....................................... 185 Linctuses................................................... 19-t External Applications................................. 193 PART III.—Unabbreviated Prescriptions with Translations. CHAP. 1.—For Blood-letting............................................... 206 " 2. " Blisters...................................................... 210 '• 3. " Mixtures.................................................... 214 " 4. " Draughts................................................... 233 " 5. " Powders and Pills....................................... 244 " 6. " Linctuses................................................... 259 " 7. " External Applications................................. 202 Index............................................................................... 277 PART I. GENERAL EEMARKS ON PRESCRIPTIONS. CHAP. I.—Definitions. In medicine the term prescription (prescriptzo, from prce before, and scribo I write; ordonnance, French; Verordnung, Germ.; amygayt}*) is usually applied to the written directions of a physician or surgeon for the preparation and use of remedies. The terms formula (the diminutive of forma, a form; formule, French; Vorschrift, Formel, Germ.,) and receipt (recepta ;f recette, French; Recept, Germ.,) or recipe (from recipe, take thou,) have a more limited accepta- tion, and are applied to the directions giyen for the preparation and use of pharmaceutical remedies or medicines. A physician prescribes blood-letting, bathing, exer- cise, &c, as well as medicines ; but he uses formulae for the preparation of medicines only. * Fcesius, Qlconomia Hippocralis. ■f- Recepta is a barbarous term. Dufresne also mentions, as a synonymous, though still more barbarous, word, recetia. 2 14 HISTORICAL NOTICE. Formula? are of two kinds,—extemporaneous or ma- gistral, and officinal. Extemporaneous formulae (for- mula; magistrates) are so called because they are con- structed by the practitioner on the instant, "ex tem- pore." Officinal formulae (formula} officinales) are those published in pharmacopoeias, or by some other au- thority.* Officinal preparations are presumed to be kept ready for use. Formulae are either simple or compound. A simple formula (formula simplex) consists of only one officinal (either simple or compound) preparation. A compound formula (formula composita) consists of two or more officinal preparations. The principal medicine in a formula is called the (1) basis; that which promotes or assists the action of the basis is termed the (2) auxiliary (adjuvans;) that which corrects some objectionable quality of the other ingredients is named the (3) corrective (corrigens;) and lastly, that which gives a proper form to the whole is denominated the (4) vehicle (constituens, excipiens, vel vehicula.) These four parts of a formula are intended to accomplish the object of Asclepiades—"curare cito, tuto et jucunde;" in other words, to enable the basis to cure (1) quickly (2,) safely (3,) and pleasantly (4.) CHAP. II.—Historical Notice. The most ancient recipes on record are those men- tioned in the Pentateuch for the preparation of an * In France, the term ordonnance is applied to a magistral for- mula, and the term forviule to an officinal one. HISTORICAL NOTICE. 15 odoriferous ointment and confection.* Their date is 1491 years b. c About 2000 years ago, formulas for the preparation of antidotes (uir«5oT*; antidota) or counterpoisons (anti- toxica) were in use among the Greeks, f Scribonius Largus, a Roman physician who lived about the middle of the first century after Christ, wrote a work entitled Compositiones Medicos, which contains nearly 300 medical formulae taken from various au- thors. Is the oldest pharmacopoeia extant; but the style is inelegant. Galen, who lived a. d. 130—200 or 201, wrote two treatises On the composition of medicines, Utgt ~2.v\6iotwc \e/36s, the genitive case of flXiii/, a vein, and rt/ii/io, 1 cut. The student will observe that Celsus never employs the term phlebotomia, nor,any of its derivatives. Cicero 'Blood (in the vessels.) 2 Gore (blood from a wound or ulcer.)— 3 Grume (a clot, as of blood.) Blood-letting. To let blood (' to let or send, 2 detract or ab- stract, 3 extract, 4let out or emit,5 to elicit or draw out.) To lose blood. To staunch or stop blood. To suppress hemorrhage. To let blood by an in- cised vein. 1 Phlebotomy. — 2 Ve- nesection. 24 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 'Phlebotomiam adhibere; 2To use phlebotomy; 2 Phlebotomare, Aueel. 2to phlebotomize. 'Venam incidere, Cels.;—'To cut into a vein;— 2pertundere, Juv.;—3ferire, 2to perforate a vein; Virg. ;—secare. — * Venam —3 to wound or cut a cultello solvere, Cic.—5Ve- vein,—4toopenavein nas sanguine exonerare. by a knife.—5To un- load the veins of blood. 1 Sanguinem incisa arteria, 1 To let blood by an in- mittere, Cels.—2Arterioto- cised artery.—2Arte- mia.*—3 Fiat sectio arteriae riotomy.— 3Let the temporalis. section of the tempo- ral artery be made. 'Sanguinem mittere ex bra-'To take blood from the chia,—2juxta talum, ex u- arm,— 2 from both troque crure, Cels.-j- legs near the ankle. has "incidere venam, quod medici phlebotomare dicunt."— Phlebotomy was first practised by Podalirius, b. o. 11 si. (Le Clerc, Hist de la Med. liv. i. ch. 18.) The operation is said to have been learned from the Hippopotamus. " For he finding himself overgrosse and fat, by reason of his high feeding so continually, getteth forth of the water to the shore, having espied afore where the reeds and rushes have been newly cut: and where he seeth the sharpest cane and best pointed, hee setteth his body hard to it. for to prick a certaine veine in one of his legges, and thus by letting himselfe bloud, maketh evacuation, whereby his bodie, otherwise enclining to diseases and maladies, is well eased of the superfluous humour: and when he hath this done, he stoppeth the orifice again with mud, and so stancheth the blood, and healeth up the wound." (Pliny, The Historic of the World. Translated by P. Holland, M. D. Book viii. ch. 26.) * From dprnpia, an artery, and Ttuvco, I cut. The ancients did not understand the use of the arteries and veins. Cicero says,— "Sanguis per venas in omne corpus diffunditur, et spiritus per arterias." Aretseus, who lived in the first century after Christ, is the earliest surgeon known to have practi, concido, to fell or cut down) is of the feminine gender, and is thus declined: N. Syn- cope, G. Syncones, D. Syncope, Ace. Syncopen, V. Syncope, Abl. Syncope. 3 26 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Semperque ante finis faciendus An end is always to be est, quam anima deficit, put to it before faint- Cels. ing occurs. 'Collocare in lecto,—2ut dor- 'To put to bed,—2that miat,—3 supinus,* Cels. ;— the patient may go to —4erectus.f sleep,—3supine (i. e. laid on the back,)— 4 erect. 'Bene largo canali.J Cels. 'In a full stream.— Pleno rivo. $—2 Ex largo vul- 2 From a large wound nere. [«'. e. incision or ori- fice ] Scalpellus,|| Cels. Phleboto-A scalpel or lancet; an mum vel phlebotomon,^" Au- instrument to let rel.—Lanceola; lancetta. blood with. 1 Fascia;—2fascialintea, Cels. 'A fillet, roller or band- * Patients are bled, while in the recumbent posture, to avoid syncope. The practice of bleeding them to fainting in this pos- ture, as recommended by Mr. Wardrop, is highly dangerous. f Dr. Marshall Hall (Introd. Lect. to a Course of Lecture on the Practice of Pltysic, p. 36) employs blood-letting as a source of diagnosis. He places the patient upright and looking upwards, and bleeds to incipient syncope: " in inflammation, much blood flows: in irritation, very little." X This phrase is applied by Celsus (lib. i. cap. 4) to a stream of water. \ Rivus is usually translated " a river;" but it means literally " a stream,"—e. g. " sanguinis rivus," " a stream of blood." Pliny (Hist. Nat. lib. xi. cap. 88, ed. Valp.) calls the veins " sanguinis rivi." Virgil (JEn. lib. ix. v. 455) has "plenos spumanti sanguine rivos." || Celsus (lib. ii. cap. 10) employs the word scalpellus to desig- nate the instrument used in phlebotomizing: "At si timide scal- pellus demittitur, summam cutem lacerat, neque venam incidit." —Scultetus (Armamentarium Chirurgicum, p. 49, Lugd. Bat. 1693) describes the lancet thus: " Scalpellus rectus est et ex utra- que incidens lanceola dictus." fl Phlebotomum (e/?oTas vocant, scilicet sine scarificatione." (C;el. Aurel. Acut. Mnrb. lib. iii. cap. 21, p. 258, Amstel. 1722.) \ Arentes et siccas cucurbitulas dicit. quae admoventur cum flamma. Interdum enim cum aqua callidaapponebatur. quemad- modum scripsit Albucasis cap. De usu cucurbitularum." (Csel. Aurel. ed. supra cit. p. 35, foot-note by Dr. J. C. Amman.) OF LOCAL BLOOD-LETTING. 29 Cucurbitulas ' admovere, 2 ac- commodare, "adhibere, 4de- figere, Cels. : — 5infigere, 6apponere, 7affigere, Au- rel.; 8imponere; 9 appli- care.* Cucurbatio, Aurel. Cucurbitare. Cucurbitulas accommodare, cute incisa [vel concisa,] Cels. Infra praecordia quatuor digi- tis cucurbitula utendum est, Cels. Si vero etiam vehementius dolor crevit, admovendae cervicibus cucurbitulae sunt, sic ut cutis incidatur, Cels. fixed by means of hot water.) To apply cupping-glass- es ('to move to, 2to put to or to adapt,3 to have near or to make use of, 4to fix or fas- ten on, sto fix or fas- ten in, 6to put or set to, 7to fix upon, tc^af- fix,8 to put or lay on, 9 to apply.) Cupping. To cup. To apply " cupping- glasses, the skin be- ing cut. The cupping-glass is to be used four fingers below the praecordia. J3ut if yet [or notwith- standing] the pain has grown [or be- come] more intense, cupping-glasses are * Applicare (plicare ad,) to lay one thing to or near another. Admovere (movere ad,) to move towards, to approach. Applicare scalis muris, Liv., to set ladders against the walls. Admovere would only sir/iiify to bring them near the walls (Dumesnil.) Dr. Fletcher, in his Hora; Subsecivm, says "the word applicare, to signify the external use of medicines, should be altogether ba- nished; it is always improper." It certainly is not employed in this sense by classical medical authors. Pliny (lib. xxx. cap. 21, ed. Valp.) uses the verb applico to signify the application of whelps to the stomach. " Si catuli, priusquam videant, appli- centur triduo stomacho maxime ac pectori," &c. " If whelps, be- fore they can see, be applied to the stomach, and especially to the breast, for three days," &c. 3* 30 TERMS AND PHRASES USED. IN PRESCRIPTIONS. to be applied to the neck, so that the skin may be cut. Confugiendumque ad cucurbi- And recourse must be tulas est, ante summa cute had to the cupping- incisa, Cels. glasses, the skin be- ing previously cut. Si dolor discussa non est qua If the pain is not re- dolet, cucurbitulas sine ferro moved, to apply the defigere, Cels. cupping-glasseswith- out the scarificator (i. e. to use dry cup- ping to the part af- fected.) Cucurbitula quoque recte sub A cupping-glass'is also mento et circa fauces ad- properly applied be- movetur, ut id, quod stran- low the chin and gulat, evocet, Cels. about the fauces, that it may draw out that which suffocates. Explieita scarificatione, rur- Scarification • having sum cucurbitas imponimus, been effected, we ut sanguinis detractio fiat, again apply cupping. Aurel. glasses, that the drawing away of blood may be accom- plished. Hirudo, Pliny; sanguisuga,* A leech or blood-sucker. Cels. * Themison. the founder of the Methodic Sect, and who lived A. d. 63, is the earliest writer in whose works we find mention of the leech as a therapeutic agent. The Greeks called it /36i\Xa, from /?<5«XAa>, to suck. The Romans termed it sanguisuga (i. e. bloodsucker] or hirudo. Celsus (lib. v. cap. 27) mentions the animal once only, and then calls it sanguisuga. Pliny (Hist. Nat. viii. 10. ed. Valp.o speaking of elephants, says—" Cruciatum in potu maximum seutiunt, haustu hirudine, quam sanguisugam OF LOCAL BLOOD-LETTING. 31 Sanguisugium, Callisen.* Sanguisuction or leech- ing. (The extraction of blood from the cu- taneous vessels by the suction of leeches.) Hirudines apponere, Aurel. ; To apply leeches. admovere, accommodare, adhibere, defigere, affigere, imp oner e [see Cucurbitula, p. 29.] 1 Levibus plagisf incidere, xTo make superficial Cels., secare.—2Scarificare, incisions, 2to scarify. Aurel. Si per haec parum proficitur, If from these things but ultimum est, incidere satis little good arise, the altis plagis sub ipsis maxil- last [remedy'] is to lis supra collum, et in palato make sufficiently vulgo ccepisse appellari adverto." " They [i. e. elephants] expe- rience great agony from swallowing, in the act of drinking, a leech (hirudo,) which I observe has begun to be commonly termed a bloodsucker (sanguisuga.") Several sorts of leeches are sold in the shops for medicinal use. The most esteemed is that called the true English or speckled leech, whose belly is spotted with black. A less esteemed sort is the green leech, whose belly is usually unspotted. These two sorts are, by some naturalists, considered to be distinct species: the former being termed San- guisuga (or Hirudo) medicinalis; and the latter, Sanguisuga (or Hirudo) officinalis. But Moquin-Tandon (Monographic de la famiUe des Hirudinees, 1846) regards them as varieties of the same species, which he calls Hirudo medicinalis. The Hazmopis sanguisuga, Moq-Tand., or horse-leech, was for- merly dreaded on account of the supposed dangerous wounds which it was said to make; but it appears from the reports of MM. Huzard fils and Pelletier, confirmed by those of M. Moquin- Tandon, that though it sucks the blood, and punctures the mu- cous membranes, it cannot perforate the skin of vertebrate ani- mals. Leeches belong to the Articulata of Cuvier, class Annelida, order Abranchidea of the same naturalist. * Systema Chirurgim Hodiernm,p. 100, Hafn. 1815. f Pla.ga is used by Celsus to signify an incision. 32 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. circa uvam, vel eas venas qua; sub lingua sunt; ut per ea vulnera morbus erumpat, Cels. Ferrum* Cels. Scarificato- rium (est vel simplex, seu unus cultellus, i. e. lanceola chirurgica; vel composilum e pluribus cultellis capsula comprehensis constans, i. e. machina scarificatoria.) Partem morsam excidere. deep incisions under the jaws above the neck, and in the pa- late about the uvula, or into those veins which are beneath the tongue; that the disease may dis- charge by these wounds. A scarificator (it is either simple, consist- ing of one cutting in- strument, as the com- mon lancet; or com- pound, containing many cutters in one case, as the cupping scarificator.) To cut out the bitten part. Sect. 3.—De dentium evul- Of the Extraction, ^c. of sione, Sj-c. Teeth. Dolor dentium, Cels. Odon- Toothache. talgia. Denies ' eximere, 2 evellere, To extract (' to take out Jexcipere, Cels.; * extra- of; 2 to pluck out; 3 to take out; 4to draw out; 5to expel teeth.) The extraction of teeth (tooth-drawing.) here, 5expellere. Dentium evulsio, &c. * See foot-note,* at p. 28. OF THE EXTRACTION, ETC. OF TEETH. 33 'Gingivas incidere, Cels.; 2 gingivas levibus plagis se- care. Si [dens'] exesus est, foramen vel linamento, vel bene ac- commodato plumbo [vel auro] replendum est, Cels. Si vero exesus est dens, fes- tinare ad eximendum eum, nisi res ccegit, non . est ne- cesse, Cels. Instrumenta dentaria. Clavis dentaria [anglicana.] Dentiducum, Aurel.—Dentar- paga, cSovTiyoa. Forfex, Cels. 1 Forceps dentaria communis; 2forceps ad dentes expellen- dos; 3 forceps cum rostro corvino (vel * rostro psitta- cino, vel 5 rostro vulturino, vel 'rostro gruino,) Scul- tetus. 'Vectis; 2vectis trifidus, Scult. Dentiscalpium, Martial; Scult. 'To cut into the gums; 2to make superficial incisions in the gums (i. e. to lance the gums.) If the tooth be decayed, the cavity is to be filled up either with lint, or lead well a- dapted to it [or with gold.] If the tooth be decayed, it is not necessary to be hasty in extract- ing it, unless circum- stances demand it. Teeth instruments (i. e. instruments for ope- ration on the teeth.) The [English] tooth- key instrument. An instrument for drawing teeth. Forceps. 1 Common tooth forceps; 2 forceps for drawing 3 teeth; crow's bill forceps (or4parrot's- bill or 5vulture's-bill, or 6crane's-bill for- ceps.) 'The lever; 2the trifid lever. A tooth-pick, Martial ; also a gum-lancet, Scult. 34 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Sect. 4.—De emplastris, \itkovs■) Malagmata were soft vegetable compounds, analogous to cur cataplasms, applied to the unbroken skin. Pas- tilli and emplasfra contained some metallic ingredient, and were applied to wounds. The former (pastilli) consisted of dry sub- stances united by some non-oleaginous liquid, and were used either by friction or with some soft ingredient. The latter ( em- plastra) contained fusible ingredients, and were simply applied to the part. t See note *, p. 29. OF PLASTERS, ETC. 35 'Emplastrum ad exemplar A 'plaster to pattern ; (vel ad normam*;) 2hujus- 2of this size. magnitudinis. 'Magnitudo hujus chartae; 'The size of this paper; 2 semi-coronas nummi. 2 of a half-crown piece. Pollex latus; pollicaris lati- A thumb's breadth. tudo. Renovere emplastrum. To renew the plaster. Eniplastra ad extrahendum, Plasters for drawing; Cels. ; epispastica (nn was employed in the last century by Bohadsch. (Dissertatio de ^utUitate electrisationis in arte medica, Pragae [1751.]) 44 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Machina electrica cylindrica; A cylindrical electrical cylindro vitreo instructa; machine; made with domini Nairnei. a glass cylinder; Mr. Nairne's. Machina electrica discoidea; A plate electrical ma- disco vitreo polito instructa; chine made with a domini Cuthbertsoni.* polished glass plate (disk;) Mr. Cuth- bertson's. 1 Conductor (electricus:) 2 pri- 1 The conductor (electri- marius; 3imperfectior (e. g. cal;) 2prime; 3im- filum cannabinum madidum;) perfect (for example, 4flexilis; 5mobilis. a moistened hempen thread;) 4flexible (pli- ant;) 5moveable. 'Director (electricus;) 2articu- 'The director (electri- latus; 3insulatus; 4metalli- cal;) 2jointed (arti- cus manubrio vitreo adfixus culated;) 3insulated; et in globum terminatus. 4metallic with a glass handle and termina- ted by a ball. Lagena (seu phiala) Lugdu- The Leyden phial or nensis.f jar. * When vegetable species are named after individuals, the rule of construction among botanists is this: If the individual is the discoverer of the plant or the describer of it, the specific name is then to be the genitive singular; as Caprifolium Douglasii, Carex Menziesii; Messrs. Douglas and Menzies having been the discover- ers of these species. But if the name is merely given in compli- ment, without reference to either of those circumstances, the name is then rendered in an adjective form, with the termination anus a uni; as Pinus Lambertiana, in compliment to Mr. Lambert. (See Lindley's Introduction to Botany.) The same rule may be conveniently extended to cases like those in the text; and in- stead, therefore, of calling respectively Mr. Nairne's and Mr. Cuthbertson's machines, machina electrica Nairniana, and ma- china electrica Cuthbertsonia, I have preferred to adopt the rule followed by botanists. f An electrical battery (a combination of Leyden jars so arranged OF ELECTRICITY, ETC. 45 'Scabellum insulatum; 2sella 'The insulated stool; insulata. 2 the insulated chair. Electrometrum (dominiLanei.) The electrometer (Mr. Lane's.) Acus metallica; lignea. A point, metallic, lig- neous (wooden.) Catena metallica (tenuis.) Metallic chain (slender or fine.) Netum* metallicum; filum Metallic wire. metallicum. Aura electrica. The electric aura. 1 Scintilla electrica; 2scintillula 'An electric spark; 2a electrica; 3 pollices duo vel small electric spark; tres longitudine aequans. 3 equalling two or three inches in length. 'Ictusf electricus; 2commotio 'The electric shock; electrica; 3concussio elec- 2electric commotion; trica; 4explosio electrica. 3electric concussion; 4 electric explosion. FrictioJ electrica. Electric friction. Balneum^ electricum. The electric bath. that they may be charged or discharged at once as a single jar) is called by Gehler, "-Suggestus phialis Leidensibus pluribus una explodentibus." (Physikalisches Woterbuch.) * From neo, to spin. t Ictus, a stroke or blow. Ictus fulminis, Cicero, a stroke of lightning: ictus fulmineus, Horace, the lightning stroke. X Frictio dectrica, CaLLISEn. The term electric friction has been applied to a mode of electrifying which consists in drawing sparks from the patient through a piece of flannel. (See Cavallo, Com- plete Treatise on Electricity, vol. ii. p. 136, 3d ed.) \ The correct meaning of the word balneum will be explained hereafter (see Sect xi. De balneis.) The term balneum electricum. is used by Callisen and others. It is applied to the simple com- munication established between an individual and the excited prime conductor of an electric machine, by means of a chain, or other metallic communication. The individual is generally seated on an insulated stool (scabellum insulatum.) Kostan (Diet, de 46 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Electricitate per scintillas [vel To electrify [to affect or per ictus] afficere. influence with electri- city] by sparks [or by shocks.] Scintillas elicere, educere. To draw sparks (from the body.) Scintillas admovere. To give (or communi- cate) sparks. Electricitas voltaica (galvanica Voltaic (galvanic or vel animalis.) Voltaismus; animal) electricity. Galvanismus. (Electricitas Voltaism or Galva- metallica; irritamentum me- nism. (Metallic elcc- tallicum!!) tricity, i. e. electricity of metals or the me- tallic incitor! !) Aura voltaica (vel galvanica.) Voltaic (or galvanic) aura. Canalicus voltaicus (vel galva- Voltaic (or galvanic) nicus.) trough. Columna voltaica. The voltaic pile. 'Machina electro-magnetica; 'An electro-magnetic 2machinamagneto-electrica. machine; 2a magne- to-electric machine. Electrostixis; electro-punc- ' The electro-puncture. tura. 'Polus; electrodus;* 2polus 1 The pole or electrode; MOJecine,) however, states that the individual may, or may not, be insulated. * The term electrode which has been Latinized electrodus, was proposed by Faraday as a substitute for the word pole. It is de- rived from the Greek words /jAsktpoi/ and bS6g, a way. The term is objectionable on the ground of its prior use in another sense. Hippocrates (p. 1135, ed. Ices.) uses the word t)\tKTpo>8ris, from *\tKTpov, amber, and tlSos (external appearance,) in the sense of amber-like, in reference to the stools, which he describes as re- sembling amber in their external appearance. The word electrode OF ELECTRICITY, ETC. 47 positivus; cathodus; *3po- 2the positive pole or lus negativus; anodus.f cathode; 3the nega- tive pole or anode. Excitetur commotio electrica Let the electric com- perexplosionemlagenaeLug- motion (shock) he dunensis. produced by the ex- plosion (i. e. dis- charge) of a Leyden phial. Administrare frictionem elec- To administer electric tricam ad hominem insula- friction to a patient turn cum conductore prima- insulated and in com- rio communicantem. munication with the prime conductor. Eliciantur scintillae electricae Let electric sparks be ex orbitis oculorum, tempo- drawn from the or- ribusque, per horae sextam- bits of the eyes and partem, alternis diebus. the temples, for the sixth part of an hour, every other day. Iterum aura electrica coxae Again let the electric dolenti admoveatur. aura be applied to the painful hip. Fiant ictus electrici per regio- Let electric shocks be nem uteri. passed through the region of the uterus. Auram galvanicam trajicere, To galvanize. trahere, educere. 'Magnes, Pliny; 2magnes 'A magnet; 2a load- lapis, Pliny; magnes na- stone; a natural also occurs in Callisen's Lexicum Medicum (Lipsiae, 1713,) and is said to signify " succino similis." * Cathode, from Kara, downwards, and boos, a way: the way which the sun sets. . . f Anode, from avio, upwards, and oS6s, a way: the way which the sun rises. 48 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. turalis; 3 magnes artificialis; magnet; 8an artificial magnes arte paratus. Polus septentrionalis, n dionalis. Magneticus, Claudianus. magnet. - Pole, northern, south- ern, Magnetic (of, or belong- ing to, a magnet or loadstone.) Magnetes artificiales plures Magnetic collars, gir contigui, juxta polos inimi- dies, bracelets (seve cos dispositi, aut linteo seu serico obducti, collaribus, cingulis, brachialibus in- clusi. ral artificial magnets with their oppositepoles in contact, covered with linen or silk, and enclosed in collars, girdles, or bracelets.) Laminae magneticae. Magnetic plates (mag- netized [steel] plates.) Magnetismus. Magnetismus mi- Magnetism. neralis.* magnetism. Mineral Sect. 9.—De resolutione ten- Of Purging, #c. tris, $c. Dejectionisjf dejectiones alvi; The stools or excre- * The term mineral magnetism has been absurdly used in order to distinguish magnetism from what is vulgarly termed animal magnetism. (See Der mineralische Magnetismus und seine An- wendung in der Heilkunst, von C. A. Becker, M. D. Muhlhausen, 1829.) f .From, de downwards, and jacio, I cast. OF PURGING, ETC. 49 stercus; alvus;* quod ex- ments; ordure; alvine cernitur; quod descendit. evacuations. Cels.—Sedes.f Fceces.% Fimis et fimum. Dung or ordure of man, birds, cattle, &c. 'Alvus cita; 2alvus soluta; Frequent, loose, oi 3 alvus fusa; 4 alvus fluens; liquid stools.—Pur- 5 alvus liquida, Cels.— ging; looseness. 6Alvus fluida.—7Resolutio ('Belly [or stools] alvi, Cels.—8 Venter fusus; quickly moved, 'venter liquidus, Cels— 2loosened; 3relaxed; '"Ventris fluor, Cels. 4loose or flowing; "Ventris resolutio, Cels. 5liquid; 6fluid; 12Ventris fluxiones; 13solu- 'looseness of.—8Bel- tiones, Plin.—'4Dejectiones ly relaxed or loose; crebrae.—15Catharsis. §—'6 9liquid; '°flux of; Diarrhoea.—17Coprophoria.|| "looseness of; 12alvine flux; 13alvine loose- ness ;—"frequent de- jections; '5 purging; 16looseness; 17 purga- tion.) 1 Alvus dura;2 alvus suppressa; ' Bound, constipated, or * Alvus, i. fem. and sometimes masc. It signifies the belly, the bowels, and also the stools. t Sedes means, literally, a seat; in an extended sense, the fun- dament. It is also applied to that which comes from the funda- ment, or, in other words, an evacuation.—Pharmaceutical Guide. X Fozces, the nom. pi. from fcex, ozcis, f. a noun wanting the gen. p. " We meet with Faces vini, Fozces aceti, &c, in classical authors, but nowhere Fozces hominis: the word in this sense is altogether unnecessary and improper."—Horce Subsecivce. § Catharsis is not found in Latin dictionaries. It is a Greek word (KaOapan; from xa8aipu>, purgo) adopted by Latin writers, and means a purging. It is thus declined: N. Catharsis. D. Catharsi. V. Catharsi. G. Catharseos. A. Catharsin. Ab. Catharsi. | Coprophoria idem quod Purgatio, ex K6npas, stercus, et o- roxysm (irapo%vaji6s,) and either embraced the cold or hot stages of a febrile seizure, the only stages into which such seizure was di- vided ; the declination (declinatio) not being accounted a part of the paroxysm. Hence paroxysm is a term not to be found in Cel- sus, who uniformly employs accessio in its stead. Among recent writers, however, and perhaps generally in the present day, while the term paroxysm is applied not merely to fever fits, but to fits of every violent and intermitting disorder whatever, the term accession is limited to the commencement or onset of a fit, —its insultus, as'denominated by the Latin writers; and hence Dr. Cullen (First Lines, chap. 3, sect. Ivi.) speaks of the " accession of paroxysms," a phraseology which would be nonsense upon the ori- ginal meaning of the terms: while Dr. Turton, with evident inde- cision upon the subject, defines accessio, in his Glossary, "the be- ginning or paroxysm of an intermitting fever " (allowing the read- er to take which sense he will;) and paroxysmus, "an access, fit, or exacerbation of a disease ;" giving still greater latitude, as well in respect to the genus as the stage of the morbid affection. The " accession of paroxysms " of Cullen is in the language of the Latin translators of Galen, "incrementa accessionum" (Gal, de Differ. 1'eb. lib. 2, cap. iv.) In some cases (as in his definition of hectic fever,) however, Cullen seems to employ the term " accession " as synony- mous with paroxysm. Notwithstanding the general appropriation of the word accession among the Latin writers to the whole dura- tion of a fever fit, or what is now called a paroxysm, its radical idea imports simply "advance, approach, entrance, avenue;" and in this meaning Celsus himself is perpetually using the term in its verbal form, and occasionally indeed in connexion with accessio in 80 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Pro casus exigentia; pro rei According to the ur- exigentia. gency of the case. Dum vires corporis sinunt, As long as the strength Cels. permits. Ubi dolor urget, Cels. When the pain is violent. Dum febris abstit, Cels. While the fever is ab- sent. Sect. 17.—De viribus et usu Of the Powers and Uses remediorum, Sfc. of Remedies. Sanare; ad sanitatem perdu- To cure. cere, Cels. Morbum curtare; ad morbum To shorten the disease. curtandum. Ad recidivum praecavendum. To prevent a relapse. Recidivum timere, Cels. To apprehend or fear a relapse. Dolorem lenire, Cels. (vel se- To allay (or relieve) dare, vel tollere.) pain. Somnum molire, movere, Cels. To produce sleep. (facere, vel affere, vel conci- liare.) Efficere ut quiescat; ad quie- To keep quiet. tem conciliandum. In lecto collocare, Cels. To place in bed. Urinam excitare. To increase the flow of urine. Menstrua evocare. To promote the menses. Ad acorem compescendum. To moderate the aci- dity. Acorem, ardoremque corrigere. To correct the acidity its technical signification, as "donee altera accessio accedat." Dr. Mason Good uses the term to signify the commencement or onset of an exacerbation of any kind.—(See his Nosology.) OF THE POWERS AND USES OF REMEDIES. 81 and heat (of the sto- mach. Ad gustum conciliandum. To please the palate. Gratum saporem reddere. To give an agreeable taste. Ad fcetorem obstandum. To prevent fetor. Caput sublime habere, Cels. To raise the head. Os fumigare. To fumigate the mouth. Valetudinarium et vestimenta To fumigate the sick- fumigare. room and the clothing. Inhalere vapores aquae tepidae To inhale the vapour of (vel calidse.) tepid (warm) water. Vaporem calidum ore recipere, To receive warm vapour Cels. into the mouth. Putredini occurrere. To obviate putrescency. Spasmos discutere (vel depel- To remove spasm. lere.) Vermes (spiritum; flatum) To expel worms (wind, dejicere (vel expellere, vel &c.) elidere, &c.) Vermes ' protrahere ;—2 ene- ' To extract, 2to destroy, care;—3educere, Cels. 3to take out worms. Ad calculos valere, praestare, To act on calculi. &c. Adurere, Cels., &c. To cauterize. Rodere, exedere, Cels., &c. To corrode. Quod occurrit putredinem; an- That which obviates tisepticum. putrescency; an anti- septic. Sect. 18.—Dr. Duncan's Classification of the General Terms used by Writers on General Therapeutics and Pharmacology, with some additions. "Although many of these terms are obsolete, some of them vague and ill-defined, and others hypothetical, 82 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. yet, as they occur in writers of authority, and are some- times useful, I have collected them together. Dr. Cul- len * has given a pretty full alphabetical catalogue of many of them, stating, in regard to each term, in what sense it has been commonly or particularly employed, with what propriety it has been used, why he does not employ it, and very often why it should not be employed at all. I have attempted, in imitation of Linna.>us,f to arrange them systematically, generally contrasting with each term its antagonist or opposite term, when any has been used, so as to abbreviate explanation, and fre- quently to render it unnecessary. Terms derived from the Action of External Agents. I. ON THE FUNCTION OF ASSIMILATION. Synthetica—tend to the formation of the body. X —Analytica—tend to decompose and waste it. Nutrientia—nourish the body. Restaurantia, Analeptica—restore lost strength. II. ON THE MECHANICAL STATE OF THE SOLIDS. Humectantia, X Absorbentia, Exsiccantia. Emollientia, Laxantia, Relaxantia, Chalastica, Impin- guantia, X Astringentia, Indurantia, Tonica, Robo- rantia. III. ON THE VITAL FUNCTIONS OF THE SOLIDS. Stimuli, Stimulantia, Alexiteria, Hypersthenica, X Contrastimuli, Hyposthenica. Excitantia, X Sedantia, Deprimentia. Intoxicantia, Inebrantia, Narcotica, Fatuantia, Temu- lentia, Phantastica, X Antitoxica, Antidota, Alexi- pharmaca, Alexicaca, Theriaca, Bezoartica. * A Treatise on Materia Medica, in two volumes, 4to. Edinb 1789. See vol. i. p. 161. f Materia Medica, liber i. de Plantis. 8vo. Amsteledirmi, 1749. GENERAL THERAPEUTICS AND PHARMACOLOGY. 83 Anthypnotica, X Hypnotica somnifera, Agrypnotica. Hyperaesthetica, X Anaesthetica. Spastica, Convulsiva, Tetanica, X Paralytica. Calefacientia, X Refrigerantia. IV. ON VESSELS OR CANALS. Anastomotica—opening the extreme orifices of blood- vessels. X Styptica, Stenotica Ishaema—contract- ing the orifices of vessels or calibre of canals. Aperientia, Solventia, Deobstruentia, Deoppilantia— removing obstructions. V. ON FLUIDS. 1. Altering quantity. Implentia, X Deplentia. 2. Altering distribution. Attrahentia, Epispastica, draw fluids to a part, X ^-e_ pellentia, Repercutientia. Intercipientia, Apocrustica, drive fluids from a part. Derivativa, Revulsiva, draw fluids from a part. 3. Altering consistence, Diathetica. Diluentia, Inundantia, X Inspissantia. Incidentia, Attenuantia, X Incrassantia. 4. Altering quality. Dyscrasiaca, Immutantia, Alliotica, Alterantia. In—Ob-volventia, Obtundentia, Inviscantia, blunting acrimony. Lenientia — Temperantia, Demulcentia, Edulcorantia, Antacria, correct irritants. Antacida, Absorbentia, X Antalkalina. Depurantia, Abstersiva, removing acrimony. Balsamica, resisting bitter putridity. Spanaemica, X Haematinica. 84 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. VI. ON NATURAL SECRETIONS AND EXCRETIONS. Eccritica. Evacuantia, Evacuatoria, X Sistentia, Reprimentia, Cohibentia. Errhina, Ptarmica, Sternutatoria. Anacathartica, Pituitosa, Apophlegmatizonta, Apo- pblegmatizantia, Apophlegmatica, purge upwards. Masticatoria, Sialogoga, Salivantia, Ptyalagoga. Expectorantia, Tussiculosa. Emetica, Vomitoria, Singultuosa, X Antiemetica. Physagoga, Ructatoria, Carminativa, Borborygmica, Flatulentia. Cathartica, purge downwards. Eccoprotica, Alviduca, Laxativa, Laxantia, Leni- tiva, Purgantia leniora et mitiora. Purgantia drastica. Panchymagoga. Hydragoga. Phlegmagoga. Cholagoga. Melanogoga. Diuretica. Menagoga, Emmenagoga. Abortiva, Amblotica, Ecbolica, Amblothridia. Aristolochica. Lactifera, Galactophora, X Lactifuga. Diapnoica, Diaphoretica, promote insensible perspira- tion. Sudorifica, Hidrotica, Perspirantia, produce sweat. Terms derived from the Body itself. VII. TERMS DERIVED FROM DISEASES. Acopa, against lassitude. Antisthenica, Debilitantia. Antipyretica, Antiphlogiatica, Antifebrilia, Febrifuga. GENERAL THERAPEUTICS AND PHARMACOLOGY. 85 Antiquartana. Antiloimica, against plague. Antihectica. Anticachectica. Antiseptica, against putrid diseases, X Septica. Antispasmodica. Antiparalytica. Antidydinica, against giddiness. Anodyna, Paregorica, Sopientia, against pain. Antasthmatica. Antiphthisica, Hysterica, Antihysterica, Anthypochondriaca. Anticolica. Antidysenterica. Arthritica, Antarthritica, Antipodagrica. Antiscorbutica. Antilyssus, against the bite of a mad dog. Antivenerea. Antiambusta, Anticaustica, against burns. Antiscolica, Anthelmintica, Helminthagoga, Vermifuga, against worms. Phtheiroctonia, Phthiriaca, against lice. Lithontriptica, Lithonthryptica, Saxifraga, Lithica, An- tilithica. VIII. TERMS DERIVED FROM PARTS AND FUNCTIONS 0! THE BODY. Generalia, X Topica. Nervina. Cerebralia, Spinalia, Ganglionica, acting on the re- spective systems of nerves. Muscularia. Visceralia. Absorbentia. Cephalica, Anamnestica, improving the memory. 8 86 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Cosmetica. Ophthalmica. Nasalia. Acoustica, Otica. Odontica, Odontalgica, Dentifricia. Depilatoria, Psilothria, remove hairs. Thoracica. Pectoralia, Arteriaca, Pneumonica, Pulmonica, Becchica. Cardiaca, Cordialia. Abdominalia. Stomachica. Enterica. Hepatica. Splenica. Sialica. Pancreatica. Antinephritica, Nephritica. Genetica. Uterina. Aphrodisiaca, X Anaphrodisiaca, Antaphrodisiaca, Sophisticantia, Sterilitantia. IX.—TERMS APPLIED TO EXTERNAL AND TOPICAL REMEDIES. Abstergentia, Detergentia, Abluentia. Lubricantia, X Absorbentia. Resolventia, Discutientia, X Suppurantia, Maturantia. Emollientia, X Adstringentia, Roborantia externa, Indurantia. Rubefacientia, X Refrigerantia. Vesicatoria, Excoriantia, Exulcerantia, Corrosiva. Escharotica, Erodentia, Phagedaenica, Caustica, X Ci- catrizantia, Epulotica. Anaplerotica, Sarcotica, Consolidantia, Vulneraria, Glu- tinantia. OF FOOD. 87 Exsiccantia, X Digerantia, Digestiva. Mundificantia, Cathaeretica. Vulneraria, Traumatica, Agglutinantia. Catagmatica, Syllotica, uniting fractured bones. Terms derived from Medicines. Aloedaria, Aloetica. Aloephangina, a mixture of aloes and aromatics. Mucilaginosa, Oleosa, &c. Terms from imaginary virtues. Archaealia, agreeable to Archaeus. Basilica, of noble power. Heroica, of great virtue. Sect. 19.—De cibo, $c. Of Food, $c. 'Cibus; 2alimentum; 3esca, xFood (anykind;) 2ali- CELs. ment or nourishment; 3 eatable food. iVictus, Cels.; diaeta.— 2Re- ^iet (course of food.) gimen. —2 Regimen. Cibus iplenus (plenior;) 2va- Food J plenteous [i. e. lentissimus; 3uberior; *ro- full diet,-] 2very nou- bustior, Cels. rishing; 3more abun- dant; 4 stronger. Diaeta'carnis^jusculi^lactis, Diet 'meat, 2soup, * simplex. 3 milk, Simple. Cibus mediocris, Cels. Food moderate. # Cibus ! tenuis, 2 simplex, 3mol- Food 1 light, 2 simple, lis, * calidus, 5exiguus, 6le- 3soft, *warm, 5 small vis, Cels. in quantity, «light. Alimentum liberalis, Cels. Nourishment ample [i. e. a liberal allow- ance of] 88 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Potio liberalis, Cels. Dum debito regimine. 'Hordeum, Cels.; 2 farina hordei seu hordeacea, Cels. ; shordeum mundatum; 4hor- deum perlatum.—5Maltum, byne ((ivm,) brasium; 6infu- sum bynes, brasii seu malti; 'decoctum hordei vel aqua hordeata. 1 Avena;2 farina avenae;3 avena excorticata seu grutum; i de- coctum avenae. xTriticum, Cels. ; 2farina tri- tici, Cels.; 3amylum* tri- tici; 4furfur, Cels.; fur- fures tritici; 5 farina tritici tosta. 'Secale; 2secale cornutum vel ergota. Oryza, Cels. 'Panis, Cels.—2Panis fermen- tatus; 3sinefermento, Cels. ; panis azymus.—4 Panis bis coctus, Cels. ; panis iterum coctus, Pliny.—5 Panis nau- ticus,Pliny.—6Panis tostus; 7Panisustus; 8 panis aridus, Cels.—9 Interior pars panis, Cels.; mica panis.—10Crus- * Amylum, from a, not; and ixi\rt, a miU: because it is made with- out the aid of a mill. t Dodson's patent unfermented bread is a well-known example of this kind of bread. Drink ample [i. e. a liberal allowance of] With appropriate re- gimen 1 Barley;2 barley-meal; 3Scotch, hulled, orpot barley; 4 pearl bar- ley.—5Malt; 6wort, or sweet wort; 7bar- ley water. 'Oats; 2oatmeal; 'de- corticated oats or groats; 4water gruel. 1 Wheat;'-' wheaten flour; 3wheaten starch; 4bran; 5baked flour. 'Rye; 2 spurred rye or ergot. Rice. 'Bread.—2 Bread fer- mented or leavened; 3 unfermented or un- leavened.f — 4 Bis- cuit.—5 Ship-bread or sea-biscuit.—6 Toast- ed bread; 'burnt bread;—8dry bread; —9Crumb of bread. OF FOOD. 89 ta panis, Pliny.—"Panis —10Crust of bread. hesternus, Cels.—'2 Panis — "Yesterday's hordeaceus, Cels.; 13panis bread. — 12Barley secalinus; "panis triticeus. bread; 13ryebread; —13Panis candidus, Cels.; "wheaten bread.— 16 panis furfuraceus. '5 W h i t e bread; 16brown or bran bread. Turundae Italicae. Italian pastes (as mac- caroni, vermicelli, Jus, Cels. ; jusculum. and Cagliari paste.) 'Jus anserinum, Cels.—2Jus Broth. ovillum, Cels.; jus verveci- 'Goose broth.—2Mut- num.—3Jus bovillum; jus ton broth.—3 Beef tea. bovinum.—4Jus vitulinum, —4Veal broth.— Cels.; jus vituli, Pliny.— 5Chicken broth.— 5Jus pulli gallinacei, Cels. ; 6Turtle soup.— jus gallinaceum, Pliny; jus 7 gruel. pullinum.—6 Jus testudinis concentratum. —7 Jusculum avenaceum. 'Puis, Pliny.—2Pulticula, 'A kind of thick por- Cels. ridge, pap.—2Thin porridge. Polenta, Pliny. Polenta.* 'Lac muliebre, Cels. ; lac hu- 'Woman'smilk; human manum [vel mu lie rum, milk.—2 Ass's milk.— Pliny.]—2Lac asininum, 3 Cow's milk.-4 Goat's Cels. ; lac ex asinis, Pliny ; milk.—5 Ewe's milk. lac asellae.f—3Lac bubulum, —6 Mare's milk. * The polenta of the ancients was barley bread dried at the fire and fried after it had lain soaking in water one night. The sub- stance sold in the London shops under the name of polenta is the meal of Indian corn (Zea Mays.) The Italians apply the name polenta to a kind of pudding made with Indian corn. The word polenta is derived from pollen, inis, fine flour. t Asella is a little she-ass.—Asellus signifies a little or young ass. 8* 90 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Cels ; lac vaccinum, Pliny. —4Laccaprinum, Cels.;lac caprarum, Pliny.—5 Lac ovil- lum, Cels. ; lac ovium, Pli- ny.—6 Lac equinum, Pliny. In lacte exhibendum.* To be administered in milk. 'Flos lactis; cremor lactis.— 'Cream. — 2Butter.— 2Butyrum.—3Lac butyra- 3Butter - milk.— turn.—4 Serum lactis.—5 Se- * Whey.--5 Wine whey. rum lactis vinosum.—6Se- —6 Cream of tartar rum lactis tartarizatum.— whey.—7 Alum whey. 7 Serum lactis aluminatum; —8 Tamarind whey. serum aluminosum.—8Se- —9 Sugar of milk, or rum lactis tamarindatum.— saccholactin. 9Saccharum lactis; saccho- lactin. This word has also been extended to fishes, as the Cod (Morrhva vulgaris,) which have the colour of the ass. At least, Varro, in speaking of fishes named from their colour, mentions the Asellus, or Cod, as deriving its name from this circumstance. Those, therefore, who trust to a dictionary, might not be able to tell whether oleum jecoris aselli meant the oil of a cod's liver or the oil of the liver of an ass. In 1839 the latter translation was actually adopted by a writer in a medical journal, who gravely informed his readers that the Germans had been using oil of asses' livers for fifteen years!—Pliny says that there were two kinds of Aselli: one smaller, called Callariaz: the other found in deep water, and denominated Bacchi. By some later writers the term Asellus has been extended to several species of the cod-tribe. Thus the com- mon Cod is called Asellus majerr; the Ling, Asellus Umgns ; the Coal-fish, Asellus niger; the Whiting. Asellus alb us; tlio Dorse, Asellus striatus; the Pollack, A. Haifingo, &c. Millipede* (Arma- dillo officinarum) have been denominated aselli on account of their colour being that of an ass. Dioscorides calls them Svot, or asses ; others have termed them onisci (oviokoi,) or little asses. * "I have known the following Latin (which, by the by, Is con- tinually written) translated thus: Maneat in lecto, 'in milk in a morning.' Mane in lacte exhibenda, ' and be particular to remain in bed.'"—Cliamberlain's Tyrocinium Medicum. OF FOOD. 91 'Ex gelatina ribesia, vel ribe-'In currant jelly.— siorum.—2Ex gelatina vituli. 2In calf s [foot] jelly. 1 Ex 'melle pinguive ullo hu- 'In honey, or any thing more; 2in quovis vehiculo thick; 2in any thick crasso;* 3in quovis grato vehicle; 3in any vehiculo. agreeable vehicle. 1 Spiritus vini gallici.—2Spiri- 'Brandy. — 2Rum.— tus sacchari.—3Spiritus 3Arrack.f — 4Gin, oryzae.—4Spiritus juniperi. Hollands, Geneva.— —5Spiritus lactis equini.— 6Koumiss.—6Corn 6 Spiritus frumenti. spirit. Vinum; merum;J temetum.^ Wine. Vinum album vel rubrum. White or red wine. Vinum Capense. Cape wine. 'Vinum Gallicum; 2V. Bur-'French wine; 2Bur- gundicum; 3V. Burdiga- gundy; 3 Bordeaux; lense; 4V. Campanicum; 4 Champagne; 5Cla- 5V. Rubellum seu Helvolum ret; 6Frontignac. vel Gravianum; 6 V. Langue- docium. 'Vinum Germanicum; 2V.'German wine; 2Rhe- Rhenanum seu Rhenense (V. nish wine (as Hoch- Hochheimense;) 3 V. Mosel- heimer, || commonly lanum. called Hock;) 3Mo- selle. Vinum Lusitanicum seu Portu- Port wine. gallicum. * Said to have been translated, "in a stout hackney coach." f Arrack, or Rack, is the name applied not only to rice spirit (spiritus oryzaz.) but also to the spirit obtained by distillation from fermented cocoa-nut toddy (by some called Palm wine.) X Merum is properly an adjective, and signifies pure, unmixed. When said of wine, vinum is understood, and it signifies pure wine. § Temetum signifies a strong and heady wine. \\ The termination heimer (Heim, home) is in Germany given to many wines; as Laubenheimer, Rudesheimer, &c.—Pump water is sometimes jocosely called at table Pumpinheimer. 92 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. •* Vinum Toccaviense (seu Tibi- cense.) 'Vinum Hispanicum album, seu Xeres vel Xerae; V. Xericum; V. album; 2V. Illicitanum seu Alicanticum; 3V. Malaccense; 4V. Tin to. Vinum Maderaicum. Vinum Canariense. 'Vinum Pomaceum; 2V. py- raceum. Vinum generosum, Hor. Vinum vetustate edentulum, Plaut. 1 Cerevisia vel cervisia, zy- thum ;* 2 cerevisia familia- ris; 3 cerevisia Londinensis; ♦cerevisia tenuis, secundaria vel cibaria; 5 cerevisia pri- maria, generosa; cerevisia fortis; j- 6 alia; 7 cerevisia vetula;8 potus acidus; 9 vap- pa; 10potus recens; "cere- visia lupulata, non lupu- lata. 1 Cerevisia avenacea;2 cerevisia secalina ; 3 cerevisia hordea- cea; 4 cerevisia pini; 5 cere- visia lagenaria. Tokay. 'Spanish white wine, sherry; 2Alicant wine; 3 Malaga or Mountain; 4Tent- wine (Rota.) Madeira wine. Canary wine. 'Cider; 2perry. Generous or strong wine. Mellow wine. 'Beer or ale; 2house- hold beer; 3London beerorporter; 4table- beer; 5strong beer; 6 ale; 7 stale beer; 8hard or acid beer; 9dead beer; 10fresh beer; "beer hopped, not hopped. 'Beer made from oats; 2 from rye; 3from barley; 4sprucebeer; 5 bottled beer. * Zythum (gvdos) was a kind of beer obtained by fermentation from barley. Cervisia was made from unmalted barley: its colour, therefore, would be pale, and in this respect would resemble ale. Ale and beer of the present day are flavoured with hops, and hence they are sometimes called hopped beer (Cervisia lupulata.) t The word fortis is applicable to certain states of the mind only; and, therefore, is inapplicable to beer. OF PHARMACEUTICAL INSTRUMENTS. 93 Cerevisia amara. Bitter beer or ale. Pro potu communi; pro potu For common drink. ordinario. Potus inebrians. Strong liquor or drink. 'Aqua communis; 2destillata; 'Common water; 2dis- 3fervens; 4fluviatilis; 5fon- tilled; 3hot; 4river; tana seu fontis;* 6pluviatilis 5spring; 6rain; seu pluvia ; 7 nivalis. 7snow. Aqua mirabilis. Admirable or wonderful water (an aromatic spirit prepared with French brandy, cinna- mon, mace and other aromatics.) ' Aqua tosti panis; 2decoctum 'Toast-water; 2barley- hordei; 3infusum theae ; 4in- water; 3infusion of fusum carnis bubulae; 5inf. tea, or tea commonly carnisbubulaeconcentratum; so called; 4beef-tea; 6cacao; 7chocolata; 8coffea, 5beef-gravy or soup; infusum coffeae. 6cocoa; 7chocolate; 8 coffee, or infusion of coffee. Potiones ardentes; vinolentae Spirituous, vinous, and seu meraciores; cerevisiae. fermented drinks. Sect. 20.—De instrumentis Of Pharmaceutical pharmaceuticis. Instruments. Instrumenta, apparatus, ma- An apparatus (gene- chinamenta. rally.) Culter, cultellus. A knife. Pistillum. A pestle. * Aqua fontis has been misread aquafortis. See foot-note to Chapter vii. p. 104. 94 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Mortarium ('vitreum,* 2fic- A mortar (of 'glass, tile,3 marmoreum,4 ferreum, 2earthenware, 3mar- 5ligneum.) ble, 4iron, 5wood.) Spathula. A spatula. Porphyrites. A levigating or smooth- ing stone (sometimes made of porphyry.) Vas, vasculum ('fictile, figu- A vessel ('of earthen- lare; 2loricatum, vitreatum.) ware; 2glazed.) 'Vitrum; 2vitrea, Pliny; 3phi- 'Glass;2glasses (vessels ala; 4lagena; 5ampulla. made of glass;) 3a phial; 4a flask; 5a bottle. Orificio amplo praeditus. Furnished with a wide orifice. In vitro charta nigra involuto In glass [that is, in a (seu obducto.) glass vessel] which is enveloped by black paper [to exclude the light.] 1 Obturamentum, Pliny; 2oper- ' A stopper; 2a cover culum. or lid. 'Obturamenta suberea; oper- 'Cork stoppers [corks cula suberea; 2obturamenta and bungs;] 2glass vitrea. stoppers. 'Pyxis (pyxidis,) Pliny; 2pyxis'Abox; an apothecary's stannea, Pliny; 3pyxis lig- box or gallipot; 2a nea, 4fictilis, 5chartacea. tin box; 3a wooden box; 4an earthen box or gallipot; 5a paper box. * " In expressing the matter of which any substance was directly composed, as well as the vegetable or animal from which anything was derived, the Romans almost always used an adjective; and this, in the former case, usually terminated in eus."—Hora Sub- secivoz. OF PHARMACEUTICAL INSTRUMENTS. 95 Pyxidicula, Cels. A little box used by apothecaries, and ca- pable of holding li- quids; a gallipot. Scatula. A wooden or chip box [as the pill, ointment, or lozenge box.] 'Olla, Pliny; 2ollula; 3olla 'A pot [usually earth- fictilis, Pliny; 4olla alba, enware;] 2alittlepot; grisea, fusca; 5olla epis- 3an earthen pot; 4a tomio subereo vel vesica white, gray, or brown clausa. pot; 5a pot closed by a cork stopper [as by a bung] or by bladder. Narthecium, Cic. A box, gallipot, or place to keep medicines in. [It applies to the pots or jars in which the apothecary keeps his medicines.] Arcula. An ointment box. Fictilia. Earthen vessels, earth- enware. Infundibulum; per infundibu-A funnel; through a lum. funnel. 'Virga; 2baculus veZbaculum; 'A rod or twig; 2 a stick; 3 bacillum. 3 a little stick. Virga vitrea. A glass rod. Ope bacilli lignei. By means of a small wooden stick. Thermometrum (Fahrenheiti- A thermometer (Fah- anum.) renheit's.) Pannus ('crassus, 2tenuis, A cloth ('coarse, 2fine, 3linteus, 4cannabinus, 5gos- 3 linen,4 hempen, 5cot- sypinus, 6 serious, 7laneus.) ton 6silk, 7woollen.) Cribrum (setaceum.) A sieve (hair.) 96 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Through a sieve. 'A bag, a little bag; 2Hippocrates' sleeve (a conical flannel bag used for filtration.) A mould. A type. 'Paper; 2a small piece of paper; small pa- pers [as the papers kept ready cut in apo- . thecaries' shops.] 1 Bibulous or blotting paper; 2pack or brown paper; 3blue paper; 4writing pa- per; 5fine paper; 6waxed paper; 7smooth paper; 8test paper [blue or red- dened ] 1 Clean paper (not written on;) 2waste paper. Let them be sent in pa- pers. [Other terms pertaining to pharmaceutical instru- ments, &c, which occasionally occur in prescriptions, have been already mentioned. Relating to plasters ... p. 34-36. " electrifying. . p. 43-45. " galvanizing. . p. 46-47. " magnetizing . p. 48-49. " bathing ... p. 58-62. " measures . . p. 62-66. * " Ope cribri" is less classical than "per cribrum." Per cribrum.* 1 Saccus, sacculus: Hippocratis. Typus. Tegula. 'Charta; 2chartula; chartulae 'Charta bibula; 2c. emporeti- ca; 3c. caerulea; 4c. episto- laris;5c. augusta; 6c. cera- ta; 7c. laevigata seu dentata 8c. exploratoria [casrulearu befacta.] 'Charta pura; 2schediasma. Dentur in chartis. OF PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS. 97 Sect. 21.—De instruments Of Surgical Instruments. chirurgicis. Bracherium seu retinaculum. A bandage for hernia, (i. e. a truss.) 'Ferula; canalis; canalicus; 'A splint;—2a sling. —2mitella. Sypho ('eburneus, 2vitreus.) A syringe ('ivory, 2glass.) Spongia, spongiola. A sponge. Penicillus vel penicillum. A painter's pencil or brush. Ope penicilli camelini. By means of a camel's hair pencil. 'Fistula; 2tubus; 3calamus. 'A pipe; 2a tube; 3a reed. Per fistulam vitream. Through a glass tube. [Other terms pertaining to surgical instruments, which occur in prescriptions, have been before men- tioned. Relating to blood-letting . . p. 27. " cupping ... p. 27-32. " tooth-drawing . . p. 32. u shaving ... p. do. issues and setons . p. 40-42. u injections ... p. 53-55. catheterism. . . p. 56.] Sect. 22.—De Modis pharma- Of Pharmaceutical Ope- ceulicis. rations. Formula, ratio, modus, &c.; A process, operation, processus, operatio. &c. Compositio, praparatio. A preparation. 9 98 TERMS AND PHRASES USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Parare,* comparare, conficere, To prepare or compose. componere, prceparare. Medicamentum curatum, prce- A prepared or treated paratum.f medicine. Ad aptamcrassitudinem; adap- To a proper consistence. tam mollitiem; ad idoneam spissitatem; ad debitam spis- situdinem; ad debitam tena- citatem. Ad gratam aciditatem (vel acer- To an agreeable acidity. bitatem.) Concussa prius vitra; phiala The bottle being pre- prius concussa; vase prius viously shaken.J agitato; ante usum concu- tiendo lagenam. 'More solito; 2modo praescrip- 'In the accustomed to. manner; 2 in the man- ner prescribed. Accurate pensus. Accurately weighed. Peracta, effervescentia. The effervescence being finished. * " In stating how a medicine was to be prepared, as indeed in ordering at any time, it was more usual among the Romans, and apparently considered less arbitrary and offensive, to use the fu- ture of the indicative than the imperative mood. Thus ' Mittes in ollam ei calefacies' seems to be a politer as well as more classical form of expression than the modern one of ' Mitte el calefac'"— Hora; Subseciva. ■f " In almost the only example of the use of this word by Cel- sus, it evidently signifies not treated, in general, for medicinal use, but 'got ready before.' 'Curatus,' in the former sense, is common both in Celsus and Pliny."—Horoi Subseciva. X The Homoeopath ists are of opinion that rubbing or shaking augments the activity of a medicine. Hence they lay down the exact period of time requisite for these operations, or the number of rubs and shakes the medicine is to receive. For example, in dissolving a solid in water, we are told to move the phial "circa axin suam," and at each attenuation to shake it twice—"bis, bra- chio quidem bis moto, concute" 11 NOMENCLATURE USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 99 CHAP. VI.—Nomenclature employed in Prescrip- tions. The Latin names by which the various articles of the Materia Medica are usually designated in prescrip- tions, are those employed in the Pharmacopoeia, They are, for the most part, scientific. Many of the medi- cines of recent discovery have, in fact, only scientific names; as the salt called iodide of potassium (potassii iodidum,) or, less correctly, hydriodale of potash (po- tassse hydriodas.) But those substances which were known to the ancient Greeks and Romans have also their appropriate classical names; as spuma argenti (li- tharge,) alumen (alum,) &c. Lastly, there is another description of names, which, as being neither scientific nor classical, I shall call barbarous. These are the names applied to substances discovered subsequent to the downfall of the Roman Empire, but anterior to the introduction of a scientific nomenclature into pharmacy. Calomel* (calomelas) and corrosive sublimate (sublima- tus corrosivus) are illustrations of the last class of names. The following are a few examples of the unscientific names formerly in use: those in italics occur in Celsus:— 1. Mineral Substances.—JErugo, alumen, atra- rnentum sutorium (sulphate of iron,) auripig- * Various opinions are held respecting the meaning of the word " Calomel." Some assert that Sir Theodore Turquet de Mayerne (who first employed the words Calomelas and Mercurius Calmnela- nius) applied this term to it in consequence of his having had a black servant who prepared it; others say, "quod nigro humori sit bonum,"—a good (koXos) remedy for black (p£\as) bile. 100 NOMENCLATURE EMPLOYED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. mentum (orpiment,) borax, butyrum antimonii, calx, calomel or mercurius dulcis, causticum lunare, cerussa, cinnabaris, cremor tartari, kali, minium, natron, nitrum (carbonate of soda,) plumbum album (slzxinxim,) sal ammoniacum, sal commune, sal tartari, sandaracha (realgar, or red arsenic,) spuma argenti (lithargyrus,) squama ferri, spiritus nitri (nitric acid,) subli- matus corrosivus, tartarum emeticum. B. Vegetable Substances.—Ammoniacum, amylum, anethum, balsamum (balm of Gilead,) cassia, cicuta, galbanum, hyoscyamus, papaveris la- chrymce (opium,) piper longum, rata, veratrum album, thus, sinapis, pyrethrum. 3. Animal Substances.—Ichthyocolla, sanguisuga. (hirudo,) sepia. For the nomenclature now used in Botany and Zoo- logy we are indebted to Linnaeus. Rivinus, indeed, "has the merit of originality, having been the first to contrive naming each plant in two words. But his names were meant for specific definitions, for which they are wholly inadequate. Linnaeus, in constructing his more accurate and full specific characters, intended the latter should serve as names, and, therefore, called them nomina specifica. When he, most fortunately for the science and for the popularity of his whole System of nature, invented the present simple specific names, he called them nomina trivialia,—trivial, or for common use: but that term is now superfluous."* The nomenclature now employed in chemistry is that * Sir James Edward Smith's Introduction to Physiological and Systematical Botany, 4th ed. p. 288. 1819. NOMENCLATURE EMPLOYED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 101 proposed by the French chemists,* Morveau, Lavoisier, Berthollet, and Fourcroy; but modified so as to suit the present state of science. When the philosophical world had adopted the reformed chemical nomencla- ture, the medical colleges substituted, for the ancient names of medicines, scientific ones, expressive of the supposed nature or composition of these substances. From this proceeding both advantages and disadvan- tages have resulted to Pharmacy, though on the whole the former greatly preponderate over the latter. Uni- formity of nomenclature could be obtained in no other way. For though, by the adoption of the arbitrary classical and barbarous names used by the ancient writers, convenient terms (having no reference to the nature or composition of the substances to which they are applied,) might be obtained for all the older medi- cines, we should still be obliged to resort to a scientific nomenclature for newly-discovered substances which have had no arbitrary or unscientific names given to them. The use of a philosophical language has another and obvious advantage. It renders intelligible in all countries, and at all times, the terms employed by the pharmaceutist. "Let the reader," says Dr. Paris.f "wade through the prescriptions of the older writers, and he may well fancy himself in the land of Shinar; whereas, by adopting the recognised language of sci- ence, whatever may be its future revolutions, the * Mt'thode de Nomenclature Chimique. Paris, 1787. ■{■ Pfiarmacologia, 9th ed. p. 102. 9* 102 NOMENCLATURE EMPLOYED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. articles of the Materia Medica will be readily identified in every age and country." It must be admitted, however, that great inconve- nience, not to say danger, attends the employment of a philosophical nomenclature in pharmacy. Scientific names represent opinions rather than facts, and hence require to be altered according to the fashion of the day. The numerous changes in scientific nomenclature which have occurred during the last forty years have proved extremely embarrassing and vexatious both to the pharmaceutist and medical practitioner;* and we have only to look at the writings of Graham,f Daniell.J Liebig,g Kane,|| and others, to see the germs of still greater and more important changes in nomenclature than any that have yet been made. The following are a few exemplifications of the proposed alterations here referred to:— Old Names. Present Pharmacopaial Proposed Names. New Names. „., „,_., . , f Sulphatoxide of Hydrogen Oil of \ ltriol......Acidutn Sulphuri- J (Graham.) cum- 1 Oxysulphion of Hydrogen I (Daniell.) * At the time when malignant cholera was raging in England an old medical practitioner residing more than 100 miles from the metropolis thus accosted the traveller of a London druggist: "I hear that chloride of sodium is a good remedy for cholera1; and as I should like to try it, I will thank you to send me four ounces of that substance, provided it be not very costly." The traveller who knew as little of modern chemical nomenclature as his cus^ tomer, sent the order to his employer in London, and, in due time the disciple of .Esculapius received "per coach," much to his sur- prise, four ounces of table salt I + Elements of Chemistry, p. 161-5. i Phil. Trans, for 1839. p. 89; and for 1840, p 209 g Turner's Elements of Chemistry, 7th edition, 1840 J Elements of Chemistry, 1841. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 103 1 . Nitratoxide of Potassium ) (Graham.) ) Oxvnitrion of Potassium ' (Daniell.) Oxide of Ethule (Liebig.) Hydrate of Oxide of Ethule 1 Ether............. ..iEther Sulphuricus. Volatile Alkali (Liebig.) Sal Ammoniac. Ammonia? Hydro- (Kane.) Chloro-Amidide of Hydro- chloras. gen (Kane.) White precipi-tate of Mer- Hydrargyri Am-monio-Chlori- Chloro-Amidide of Mercury (Kane.) In the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia for 1839, the evil attending the use of a scientific nomenclature in phar- macy is noticed, and an attempt made to remedy the evil. The result has been, to use the language of Dr. Paris, "a patchwork, not even consistent in its incon- sistencies—a monster whose several parts bear no har- monious relation with each other. It may be readily shown to be a scheme which has introduced new evils, without having in the smallest degree abated that for which they abandoned 'the decorous dress of science.' If, in order to put a stop to the mischief inseparable from perpetual changes of name, they had thought it expedient to return to the trivial terms, Lithargyrum, Calomelas, Sublimalus Corrosivus, JJnguentum Citrinum, Precipitatum Album, &c, they should certainly have carried out their plan, so as to have included Cremor Tartari, Cinnabaris Faciitia, Acidum Prussicum (the ori- ginal name of Scheele,) Tartarum emelicum, Sal Com- mune, Sal Ammoniaci, &c, instead of bestowing upon them respectively the chemical names of Potassaz Bi- tarlras, Hydrargyri Sulphuretum Rubrum, Acidum Ey- 104 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. drocyanicum, Antimonium Tartarizatum, Sodai Murias, Ammonia Murias, &c, which are of course obnoxious to all those fluctuations they so loudly denounce." CHAP. VII.—On the Abbreviations and Contrac- tions used in Prescriptions. To save time and space, the words employed in pre- scriptions are frequently abbreviated or contracted; but the practice is objectionable, and in many cases dangerous. * It not unfrequently happens that the abbreviations used to designate certain medicines are equally appli- cable to other articles contained in the Pharmacopoeia; and, therefore, errors may be readily made in dis- pensing. The following are a few examples:— Abbreviations. Medicines to which they may apply. > -.. tt j j. f Acidum Hydrochloricum, or Acid Hydroc.f | Acidum Hydrocyanicum. * The use of abbreviations is sanctioned by Cicero. "When Pompey was about, to consecrate the temple of Victory, a difficulty arose as to the manner in which he should express his third con- sulship; whether it should be Consul Tertio, or Consul Tertium. The learned men of Rome were divided in opinion, and Cicero left this question undecided; for. in order to satisfy all parties, he di- rected it should be abbreviated as Consul Tert."—(Paris: Phar- macolngia, p. 467, 9th ed.) ■f- This abbreviation is frequently used to designate hydrocyanic or prussic acid i see a case mentioned in the Pharmaceutical Jour- nal, vol. ii. p. 539.) It is also sometimes employed to indicate hydrochloric acid. Mr. Richard Phillips (Pharm. Journ. vol. ii. p. 320) applied to a chemist to have a prescription prepared, in which twenty drops of hydrochloric acid were directed to be taken twice a-day. The dispenser gave him hydrocyanic for hydrochloric acid, and omitted to put the number of "drops" to be taken. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 105 Aconit. CE| Aconitum(the plant)or ( Aconita (the alkaloid.) Ammon \ Ammonia (the alkali,) or \ Ammoniacum (the gum resin.) Aq. Fontis.* May be misread for Aq. Fortis (nitric acid.) (Calcii Chloridum {muriate of lime,) or Calcis Calc. Chlor.| -I Chloridum (chloride of lime, or bleaching I powder.) Vm-n T-rth+ J Emplastrum Lithargyri. May be misread for p- yx T t Emp. Lytt. (Emplastrum Lyttse.) Ext. Col. iExtractum Colchici, or Extractum Colocynthidis. Hydrargyrum (quicksilver,) or Hydras (hydrate.) or Hydr.J (Hydriodas (hydriodate,) or -< Hydrochloricum {.hydrochloric,) or (ilydrocyanicum (hydrocyanic.) Hvdr Potass* Z 5 Hydras Potass* (potassa fusa.) or nyar. rorassse.? j Hydriodas Potassa? (iodide of potassium.) * The following alarming mistake occurred within the know- ledge of Dr. Paris, who relates the anecdote : "I had been sunt for to see a child with hooping-cough; on entering the apartment, I found its mother in considerable pain in her hand and arm. A medical man had just prescribed for the child, and his prescription was sent to a neighbouring chemist; the bottle arrived, when the mother, on taking it in her hand, in order to administer it accord- ing to the directions given, was surprised by the expulsion of the cork, and the contents of the phial flying over her hand and arm. On seeing the prescription, and the effect it had produced, I at once perceived the nature of the mistake. The prescription is now before me, and I will copy it literatim:—R. Syr. Papar.alb.&j.; Aqua; fontis, Jvi. ft. mistura ut. diet, sumend. The down stroke of the n might certainly have been mistaken for r, but this was no excuse for the chemist, who ought to have known that the prescriber never could have meant to give the child Aqua fortis." (This prescription is in the Museum of the Pharmaceutical Society.) 7 "One of our eminent surgeons having occasion to direct the application of a lead plaster (Emplast. Lilharg. P. L. 1787.) he ab- breviated the term as follows, substituting at the same time y for that oft,—Emp. Lyth., when the compounder, reading the h for the t, sent the Emplast. Lyttaz! As it was applied to the groin, it is scarcely necessary to state the distress of the patient and the dismissal of the practitioner." (Paris.) X The abbreviation Hyosc. (Hyosryamus) may be written so illegibly as to be confounded with Hydrar. (Hydrargyrum.) \ Mr. Richard Phillips states (Pharm. Journ. vol. iii. p. 244) that 106 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Hydr. Bic. Hydr. Bin. Hydr. Oxyd. N. Menth. P. Potas. Potas. Hydr. Potas. Sulph. Sod. Sod. Chlor. Sulph. J Hydrargyri bichloridum (corrosive sublimate,) X °r j Hydrargyri bycyanidum (bicyanide of mer- I cury.) ( Hydrargyri biniodidum (red iodide of mercury,) < or (Hydrargyri binoxydum (red oxide of mercury.) (Hydrargyri oxydum nigrum (black oxide of 1 mercury,) or I Hydrargyri oxydum nitricum (red precipitate.) ( Mentha piperita (peppermint,) or \ Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal.) J Potassium (the metal,) or \ Potassa (potash.) See (Hydr. Pot.) {Potassii sulphuretum (liver of sulphur,) or Potassae sulphas (sulphate of potash.) {Sodium (the metal,) or Soda (soda.) (Sodii chloridum (common salt,) or < Soda chlorinata 1 (chlorinated soda,) or (Soda? chloridum J (bleaching liquid.) (Sulphur (brimstone,) -J Sulphuretum [sulphuret,) or (Sulphas (.sulphate.) he presented to a chemist and druggist a paper on which was clearly written "Potassa Hydratis, 5 ij-;" and he was supplied with iodide of potassium, labelled "Hydr. Pot. 3 ij." The following is an instance in which the converse error was made, and hydra potassa substituted for iodide of potassium:—An apprentice who had been seventeen monthsatthe business of a chemist and drug- gist, was left in care of the shop while his master attended church. A prescription, of which the following is a copy, was left to be dis- pensed :— Ri. Hydr. Potassae, 5 iss. Syr. croci, 5 }■ Aquae, 3 vij. M. capiat cochl. amp. ter in die. The youth had received strict orders never to prepare any medi- cine that he had the least doubt of: the medicine was wanted im- mediately, and on referring to the Pharmacopceia he found that the only preparation of potash with the above commencement was "Potassa Hydras :" this he used, and fortunately, the error being discovered after one dose only had been taken, and the proper antidotes being administered early, the patient is not likely to feel any ill effects from it.—Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. H. p. 539. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 107 "In writing directions for taking any sort of medi- cine, avoid abbreviations as much as possible. Let numbers be expressed in words, not in figures; and let every word, throughout, be perfectly legible. " Do not write a label in this manner:—'Dissolve these ingredients in £ a pint of gruel or broth; take 4 table- spfls. al 1st, and 2 tablespfls. every £ hour until it ope- rates ; adding, wn you take each dose, 2 teaspfls. of the Tinct. sent herewith.' "■But write it in this manner:—'Dissolve these ingre- dients in half a pint of gruel or broth, and take four tablespoonfuls at first, and two tablespoonfuls every half-hour until it operates; adding, when you take each dose, two tea spoonfuls of the Tincture sent herewith.' "I have known, even in cases where a man writes a very good hand, mistakes made by figures resembling others, or being mistaken for others by readers whose sight was not good. I have known a 3 resembling an 8, and being mistaken for it; a 4 resembling a 7, and often a 7 for a 4. In writing for the word, half, the abbreviation, £, the one is often expressed by a dot so small as to be scarcely visible, while the 2 is much larger than it ought to be [thus £.] The consequence has been that a medicine ordered to be administered every half-hour, in a case of extreme danger, has been given only every two hours, and the patient died."— Chamberlain's Tyrocinium Medicum. The following is a List of Abbreviations and Contrac- tions more or less frequently met with in prescrip- tions:— A. aa. ana (ava,) of each ingredient. It signifies equally of weight or measure, and in this sense it is used by Hippocrates and Dioscorides. A. or aa. is 108 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. used for brevity. In the Pharmacopoeia, the term singulorum is employed instead of Ana. Abdom. Abdomen, the belly; abdominis, of the belly; abdomini, to the belly. Abs. febr. Absente febre, in absence of the fever. Ad 2 vie. Ad duas vices, at twice taking. Ad Sliam vicem. Ad tertiam vicem, for three times. Ad gr. acid. Ad gratam aciditatem, to an agreeable sourness. Ad def. animi. Ad defeclionem animi, to fainting. Ad libit. Ad libitum, at pleasure. Add. Adde or addanlur, add, or let be added; ad- dendus, to be added; addendo, by adding. Adj'ic. Adjacens, adjacent. Admov. Admove, or admoveatur, or admoveantur, apply, or let be applied. Adst. febre. Adstante febre, when the fever is on. Ado. Adversum, against. Aggred. febre. Aggrediente febre, while the fever is coming on. Allern. horis. Alternis horis, every other hour. A'vo. adst. Alvo adstricta, when the belly is bound. Aq. astr. Aqua astricta, frozen water. Aq. bull. Aqua bulliens, boiling water. Aq. com. Aqua communis, common water. Aq. fluv. Aq. fluvialilis, river water. Aq. mar. Aqua marina, sea water. Aq. niv. Aqua nivalis, snow water. Aq. pluv. Aqua pluviatilis, or Aqua pluvialis, rain water. Aq. ferv. Aqua fervens, hot water. Aq. font. Aqua fontana, or Aqua fontis, or Aqua fontalis, spring water. Bis ind. Bis indies, twice a-day. Bib. Bibe, drink (thou.) ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 109 BB. Bbds. Barbadensis, Barbados; as Aloe* Bar- badensis. B. M. Balneum Marim, or Balneum Maris, a warm water bath. Bull. Bulliat, or bulliant, let boil. But. Butyrum, butter. B. V. Bilneum vaporosum, or Balneum vaporis, a vapour bath. C. Cum, with. Cserul. Cxruleue, blue. Cap. Capiat, let the patient take. Calom. Calomelas (from K«Acc, good, and pLt/Lzc, black,) calomel, or the chloride of mercury. C. C. Cornu cervi, hartshorn. Cucurbitula cruenta, a cupping-glass with the scarificator. It means, lite- rally, "the bloody cupping-glass." C. C. U. Cornuf cervi ustum, burnt hartshorn. Cock, a spoonful; a table-spoonful.J Cochleat. Cochleatim, by spoonfuls. Coch. ampl. Cochleare amplum, a large (or table) spoonful. About half an ounce of watery fluids and two or three drachms of alcoholic. Coch. infant. Cochleare infantis, a child's spoonful. Coch. magn. Cochleare magnum, a large spoonful. Coch. me.d. Cochleare medium, > a middling Coch. mod. Cochleare modicum, J or moderate spoonful; that is, a child's or dessert-spoonful. About two fluidrachms of distilled water. * Aloe is a feminine noun of the first declension, but having a Greek termination (AAtf^, is thus declined: N. alee, G. aloes, D. aloe. X.alfien, V. aloe, Ab. aloe. f Cornu belongs to the fourth declension, but, like all other nouns in u, is indeclinable in the singular, though regular in the plural; as plural N. cornua, <}. cornuum, D. cornibus, A. cornua, V. cornua, Ab. cornibus. X See page 63. 10 110 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Coch. parv. Cochleare parvum, a small (or tea) spoonful. It contains about one fluidrachm of distilled water. I find that a tea-spoonful of this size will hold from half a drachm to two scruples of the common carbonate of magnesia, when heaped up; or about two drachms of sublimed sulphur. Col. Cola, strain. Col. Colatus, strained. Colet. Colat. Coletur, let it be strained; colaturce, to the strained liquor. Colent. Colentur, let them be strained. Color. Colorelur, let it be coloured. Comp. Compositus, a, um, compounded. Con. Concisus, cut. Cong. Congius, a gallon. Cons. Conserva, a conserve; also, keep thou. Cotit. rem. Continuentur remedia, let the medicines be continued. Coq. Coque, boil; coquantur, let them be boiled. Coq. ad rned. consumpt. Coque ad medietatis con- sumptionem, boil to the consumption of half. Coq. in S. A. Coque in sufficiente quantitate aqua;, boil in a sufficient quantity of water. Cart. Cortex, bark. C. v. Cras vespere, to-morrow evening. C. m. s. Cras mane sumendus, to be taken to-mor- row morning. C. N. Cras node, to-morrow night. Crast. Crastinus, for to-morrow. Cuj. Cujus, of which. Ciiju.il. Cujuslibet, of any. Cyath. there. Cyatho thece, in a cup of tea. Cyath. Cyathus, vel } a wine-glass. C.vinar. Cyathus vinarius. ) About two. ounces of watery liquids (see page 63.) In the Paris Pharmacopoeia it is estimated at five ounces. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Ill Deaur. pil. Deaurentur pilulse, let the pills be gilt.* Deb. spiss. Delita spissitudo, a proper consistence- Dec. Decanta, pour off. Decub. Decubitus, of lying down. De d. in d. De die in diem, from day to day. Deglut. Deglutiatur, may be (or let be) swallowed. Dej. alvi. Dejectiones alvi, stools. Det. Detur, let it be given. Dieb. alt. Diebus alternis, every other day. Dieb. tert. Diebus tertiis, every third day. Dil. Dilue, dilutus; dilute (thou,) diluted. Diluc. Diluculo, at break of day. Dim. Dimidius, one-half. D. in Iplo. Detur in duplo, let twice as much be given. D. in p. ceq. Dividatur in partes aquales, let it be divided into equal parts. D. P. Dir. prop. Direetione propria, with a pro- per direction. * "The practice of gilding pills was formerly very much in re- quest ; but for the last fifty years it has grown into disuse. Never- theless, as unlikely things do sometimes occur, it might so happen that some very particular old lady or gentleman, placing peculiar confidence in some prescription of a hundred years old, at the foot of which the words 'Deaurentur pilula' are written, might not be satisfied without having the same medicine in its usual splendour; therefore it is well that we should know how to do this, especially as it is the easiest and simplest thing in the world. Open a book of leaf gold or leaf silver, and having formed your pills perfectly round, lay them without rolling them in any sort of powder on the leaf of gold, or silver, at equal distances. For boluses, four are enough for one leaf; for large pills, eight or twelve; and for very small ones, sixteen or twenty upon one leaf: then pour off the pills, gold and all, from off the book, into a clean and perfectly dry gal- lipot, cover the gallipot with the palm of your hand, and shake it round and round, in the same manner as on ordinary occasions you would do if you were going to roll them in any sort of powder; and. on taking them out, you will find the pills perfectly covered with the leaf gold, or leaf silver."—Chamberlain's Tyrocinium Me- dicum. 112 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Donee alv. bis dej. Donee alvus bis dejiciatur, until the bowels have been twice evacuated. Donee alv. sol. fuer. Donee alvus soluta fuerit, until the bowels shall be opened. Donee dol. neph. exulav. Donee dolor vephriticus exulaverit, until the nephritic pain is removed. D. Dosis, a dose. Ebnm. Eburneus, made of ivory. Ed. Editlcorata, edulcorated. Ejusd. Ejusdem, of the same.* Elect. Electuarium, an electuary. Enern. Enema,] a clyster; enemata, clysters. Exhib. Exhibeatur, let it be exhibited. Ext. sup. alut. moll. Extende super alutam mollem, spread (thoti) upon soft leather. F. Fac,\ make; fiat,fia?it, let be made. F. pil. xij. Fac pilulas duodecim, make 12 pills. Fasc. Fasciculus, a bundle which can be carried under the arm.§ Feb. dur. Febre dm ante, during the fever. Fern, intern. Femoribus internis, to the inner part of the thighs. F. veuees. Fiat venasectio, bleed. * Dr. Mason Good relates the following anecdote:—" A gentle- man of Worcester, who does not practise pharmacy, prescribed for his patient as follows:— R,. Decoct. Cascarilla, Svj. Tincturaz Ejusdem, Sj. Misce. The shopman of a neighbouring apothecary, to whom the prescrip- tion was sent, took it to the geutleman who had written it. to know what he should substitute for the Tinctura Ejusdem, which he could not procure in any of the shops in the whole city." f This word is commonly, though erroneously, pronounced Enema. X Fac is used as the imperative, instead of Face (from Facio,) which is but seldom il>und. ? The terms Fascirulus. Manipulus, and Pugillus, are applied principally to the measure of herbs and flowers (see pp. 66.114, and 116.) There is a considerable discrepancy among authors as to the ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 113 F. H. Fiat haustus, let a draught be made. Fict. Fictilis, earthen. Fil. Fillrum, a filter. Filtra, filter (thou.) Fist. arm. Fistula armata, a clyster-pipe and bladder fitted for use. Fl. Fluidus, liquid; also, by measure. F. L. A. Fiat lege artis, let it be made by the rules of art. F. M. Fiat mistura, let a mixture be made. Frust. Frustillalim, in little pieces. F. S. A. Fiat secundum artem, let it be made ac- cording to art. F. S. A. R. Fiat secundum artis regulas, let it be made according to the rules of art. Gel. qnav. Gelatina quavis, in any kind of jelly. G. G. G. Gummi * guttce gambce, gamboge. Gr. Granum, grain; grana, grains. Gr. vj. pond. Grana sex pondere, six grains by weight. Gtt. Gutla, a drop; guttce, drops.\ Gutt. quibusd. Guttis quibusdam, with a few drops. Gutlat. Guttatim, by drops. liar. pil. sum. iij. Harum pilularum sumantur tres, let three of these pills be taken. H. Herba, a herb. H. D. or Hor. decub. Horce decubitus, at the hour of going to bed. H. p. n. Haustus purgans noster, a formula of quantities implied by these terms, as the following table will show:— Linnaus. Geiger. Paris Pharmacop. Pugillus......"-,.j. I gss. to 5j- I 5j- to gij. Manipulus...5iv. j 5iv. gj. to Siiss. Fasciculus...Jvj. | Sj- I — * Nouns in i, as Gummi, are for the most part indeclinable in both numbers. t The sp. gr. and cohesive power of liquids are various: hence the weight and the size of drops of different liquids are liable to 10* 114 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. purging draught, made according to a practitioner's own private pharmacopoeia. H. S. or Hor. som. Hora somni, just before going to sleep; or, on retiring to rest. Hor. un. spatio. Horce unius spatio, at the expira- tion of an hour. Hor.interm. Horis intermediis, at the intermediate hours between what has been ordered at stated times. Hor. lima mat. Hora undecima matutindi, at the eleventh hour in the morning. Ind. Indies, from day to day or daily. In pulm. In pnlmenbo, in gruel. Inc. Incide, i?icisus; cut (thou,) being cut. Inf. Idf unde, pour in. Jul. Julepus, Julepum, Julapium, a julep.* I»j. enem. Injiciatur enema, let a clyster be given. Kal. ppt. Kali] prceparatum (Potasses Carbonas, considerable variation. The following table, deduced from Mr. Shuttleworth's experiments, proves these statements:— 1 Fluidrachm of Grains. Drops. Distilled water consists of 60 or 6U Solution of Arsenic..................... tOV " 60 4 White Wine............................... 58j^ " 94 Ipecacuanha Wine...................... 59^ " 84 Antimonial Wine....................... 59% " 84 Rectified Spirits of Wine.............. t\% " 151 % Proof Spirit................................. 55^ " 140 Laudanum..................................59^ " 134 Tincture of Foxglove.................... 58 " 144 The sizes of the drops of liquid also vary according to the shape of the vessel, as well as according to the part of the lip of the same vessel. Hence measuring by drops ought to be entirely abolished. * Julep or Julapium is derived from the Arabic (juleb or julleb.) The Persians have admitted the word into their language, and write it julab. It imports literally a sweet medicated drink.— Good's Nosology. f Kali and alkali, commonly supposed to be Arabic, are Persian terms, Kalia and Alkali,—far more euphonious names than the indeclinable nouns in general use,—and signify the ashes of ma- rine plants: whence the Turks employ Kal for ashes in general, as well as their lixivium.— Good's Nosology. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 115 Ph. L.,) prepared kali, or carbonate or subcarbonate of potash. Lat. doL Lateri dolevti, on the side that is painful. M. Misr.e, mix; mensura, by measure; manipulus, a handful; minimum, a minim. Mane pr. Mane primo, very early in the morning. Man. Manipulus, a handful.* Min. Minimum, the 60th part of a drachm mea- sure. Minntum,] a minute. M. P. Massa pilularum, a pill mass. MR. Mistura, a mixture. Mic. Pan. Mica Panis, crumb of bread. Mitt. Mitte, send; mittatur, or miltantur, let be sent. Mitt. sang, ad %xij. saltern. Mitte sanguinem ad uncias duodecim saltern, take away blood to 12 oz. at least. Mod. prsesc. Modo prsescripto, in the manner pre- scribed. More diet. More dicto, in the manner directed.! Mor. sol. More solito, in the usual manner. Ne tr. s. num. Ne tradas sine nummo, do not de- liver it unless paid. (Used by apothecaries as a cau- tion to the assistant, when the presence of the patient prevents the master giving a verbal direction.) * The following table shows the value of a Manipulus:— Grammes. Oz. Dr. Gr. Manipulus seminum hordei..................... 101,40 or 3 2 5 lini........................... 47,60 "14 \i% farinae de semine lini.................. 105,00 '•' 3 3 0J^ foliorum malvse siccorum............ 43,90 " 1 3 17}^ cichorii siccorum........ 32,00 " 0 8 14 florum tilire.............................. 40.10 " 1 3 58 t Minntum is occasionally found in prescriptions, but is very barbarous Latin. The proper Latin for a minute is sexagesima pars hora. X A ihysician who was in the habit of leaving verbal directions with the patient how his medicines are to be taken, and very fre- 116 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. N. M. Nux moschata, a nutmeg. No. Numero, in number. O. Octarius, a pint.* 01. lini s. i. Oleum lint sine igne, cold-drawn lin- seed oil. Omn. hor. Omni horct, every hour. Omn. bid. Omni biduo, every two days. Omn. bih. Omni bihorio, every two hours. O. M. or Omn. mane. Omni mane, every morning. O. N. or Omn. noct. Omni node, every night. Omn. quadr. hor. Omni quadrante horx, every quarter of an hour. O. O. O. Oleum olivce optimum, best olive oil. Ov. Ovum, an egg.t Oz. The ounce avoirdupois, or common weight, as distinguished from that prescribed by physicians. L P. ce., Part, aqual. Partes eequales, equal parts. P. d. Per deliquium, by deliquescence. Past. Pastillus, Pastillum (dim. of pasta, a lo- zenge,) a little lump or ball of paste, to take like a lozenge, a troch, or pastil. P. Pondere, by weight. quently writes the prescription in Latin, but very short directions in English, wrote at the foot of his prescription, sum more did. " to be taken in the manner directed." The c in dicto being either carelessly written as an e, or mistaken as such, the apprentice read it diet, and, as he did not understand Latin, and the Doctor often wrote directions in English, he took it to be " some more diet," and, therefore, was quite proud of the elegance of his transla- tion, in writing "to be taken with a more liberal allowance of food." —Tyrocinium Mei/irum. * The pint measure of the London Pharmacopoeia (1851) con- tains twenty fluidounces. f According to the Paris Pharmacopoeia, Oz. Dr. Gr. A fresh egg, of large size, weighs........................ 2 2 0 without the shell......................... 2 0 0 The white weighs.............................................. 1 2 57 The yolk.......................................................... 0 5 15 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 117 P. C. Pondus civile, civil weight (Avoirdupois weight.) P. M. Pondus medicinale, medicinal weight (Apo- thecaries' weight.) Ph. D. Pharmacopceia DiMinensis. Ph. E. Pharmacopaia Edinensis. Ph. Ij. Pharmacopaia Londinensis. Ph. U. S. Pharmacopaia of the United States. Part. vie. Partitis vicibus, in divided doses. Per. op. emet. Peracta operatione emetici, when the operation of the emetic is finished. Poczd. Poculum, a cup. A tca-cup holds from four to six ounces of distilled water. Pocill. Pocillum, a little cup. Post sing. sed. liq. Post singitlas sedes liquidas, after every loose stool. Ppt. Prapurata, prepared. P. r. n. Pro re nata, according as circumstances ari^e (that is, occasionally.) P. rat. cet. Pro ratione atatis, according to the age of thi patient. Pug. Pugillus, a pinch; a gripe between the thumb and the two first fingers.* Palv. Pulvis, pul.verizatus; a powder, powdered. Q. /. Quantum lubet, ) , , :r >. , ' > as much as you please. Q. p. Quant-urn placet, \ l Q. s. Quantum stifficit, or quantum satis, as muc as is sufficient. * The following table shows the value of the Pugillus:— Grammes. Dr. Scr. Gr. Pugillus florum anthemidis nobiiis................ 7.80 or 2 0 0 arnicas montan.x...................... 6.20 "11 15W tussilaginis farfara?.................. 6.20'' 1 1 15}/jj althreae officinalis..................... 5.00 " 1 0 17 malva;.....................•.............. 3,20 "029 seminum fceuiculi....... ............. 7.00 "12 8 anisi....................................... 4.40 " 1 0 8 (See p. 66.) 118 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. Quor. Quorum, of which. Q. V. Quantum vis, quantum volueris, as much as you will. Red. in pulv. Redactus in pulverem, powdered. Redig. in pulv. Redigatur in pulverem, let it be reduced to powder. Reg. tembil. Regio umbilici, the umbilical region. Repet. Repelatur, Repetantur, let be continued. S. A. Secundum artem, according to art. Scat. Scatula, a box. S. N. Secundum naturam, according to nature. Semidr. Semidrachma, half a drachm. Semih. Semihora, half an hour. Sestmc. Seswicia, an ounce and a half. Sesquih. Sesquihora, an hour and a half. Si n. vol. Si non valeat, if it does not answer. Si op. sit. Si opus sit, if there be occasion. Si vir. perm. Si vires permittant, if the strength will bear it. Signatura, a label (see p. 18.) Sign. n. pr. Signetur nomine proprio, let it be written upon with the proper name (not the trade name.) Sing. Sin gtdorum, of each. S. S. S. Stratum super stratum,\ayer upon layer. Ss. Semi, half. St. Stet, let it stand; stent, let them stand. Sub. fin. coct. Sub finem coctionis, when the boil- ing is nearly finished. Sum. tal. Sumat talem, let the patient take one like this. Sum. Summitates, the summits or tops. Sum. Sume, sumat, sumatur, sumantur, snmendus; take thou, let him take, let be taken, to be taken. S. V. Spiritus vinosus, ardent spirit of any strength. S. V. R. Spiritus vini rectificatus, rectified spirit of wine. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 119 S. V. T. Spiritus vini tenuis, proof spirit. 'label. Tabella (dim. of tabula, a table,) a lozenge. Temp. dext. Tempori dextro, to the right temple." T. O. Tinctura opii, tincture of opium; generally confounded with laudanum, which is properly the wine of opium. T. O. C. Tinctura opii camphorata, paregoric elixir.f It is now called Tinct. campkorce composita. Trit. Tritura, triturate. Tra. Tinctura, tincture. Troch. Trochisci, troches or lozenges. Ult. prcescr. Ultimo prcescriptus, the last ordered. V. O. S. Vitello ovi solutus, dissolved in the yolk of an egg. Vom. urg. Vomitione urgente, the vomiting being troublesome. V. S. B. Venasectio brachii, bleeding in the arm. Zz. Zingiber, ginger. CHAP. VIII.—On the Symbols or Signs used in Prescriptions. Formerly the signs or symbols employed in chemistry and pharmacy as substitutes for words, were numerous. * Tempora, the temples, although generally used in the plural, yet is sometimes found in the singular. t Dr. M. Good, in his History of Medicine, published in the year 179.3, relates the following story:—A physician prescribed for the son of a poor woman, labouring under dyspnoea, the following draught, to be given at bed-time:— R>. Syr. papav. alb. 5j. Tine. opii. C. 3ij- Aq. destill. v. M. Unfortunately, the person to whom this prescription was brought, not being acquainted with the new name for paregoric elixir, aud not attending to the C. (camphorata;,) made it with 5ij. Tinctura) opii; and. though he advised the woman to give the child only half the draught, it proved sufficiently strong to destroy life be- fore the evening of the following day. 120 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. At the present time they are very few. The follow- ing alone deserve notice:— 1&. Recipe, take. Ancient authors use this sign 2/ > being the old heathen invocation to Jupiter, seeking his blessing upon the formula, equivalent to the usual in- vocation of the poets and of Mahommedan authors, or the Laus Deo with which book-keepers and merchants' clerks formerly began their books of accounts and in- voices,—a practice now almost extinct. " It is at pre- sent so disguised by the addition of the down-stroke, which converts it into the letter R, that, were it not for its cloven foot, we might be led to question the fact of its superstitious origin."—Paris's Pharmacologia. (See chap. I. p. 6.) lty. Minimum, the 60th part of a fluidrachm. Gtt. Guttm, drops. 5- Scrupulus vel Serupulum. A scruple, equal to 20 grains troy. 3.* Drachma, a drachm, equal to three scruples; or, in liquids, the 8th part of an ounce measure. §. Uncia, an ounce troy; or, in liquids, the 16th part of a wine pint, or the 20th part of the imperial pint. lb. Libra, a pound weight. * "I wish some other character could be substituted either for the ounce or the drachm; for the two characters being so ex- tremely alike, I am well persuaded many very bad mistakes occur: the drachm being nearly a figure of three (3) requires nothing but one small angle over it C) to make it an ounce (3;) thus the mistake is easily made, in the hurry of writing, by the prescribor, or in the making up by the compounder. So sensible of the pos- sibility, or rather so well acquainted with the certainty, of fatal mistakes having happened from this similarity of figure in the marks of the drachm and the ounce, was that excellent and in- corruptible patriot, Dr. Charles Lucas (of Dublin.) that the very first Bill he brought into Parliament, after he had been returned a member for the city of Dublin, was a Bill to compel the physi- cians of Ireland to discontinue the using of characters in their SYMBOLS OR SIGNS USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 121 O. Octan'us, a pint. Fl. Fluid. Used as a prefix to certain measures to distinguish them from weights; thus fl£., fluiduncia; and fljy., fluidrachma. Ss.' Semis, half. Used as an affix to weights and measures ; as ,^ss., semiuncia; Jss., semidrachma; Qss., semiscrupnlnm. Gr. Granum ox Grana. A grain; grains. Gr. vi. Grana sex, six grains. Gr. v. Grana quinque, five grains. Gr. iv. Grana quatuor, four grains. Gr. iii. Grana tria, three grains. Gr. ii. Grana duo, two grains. Gr. i. Granum [unum,] one grain. Gr. ss. Semigranum, half a grain. prescriptions, and to write the words at full length— Vncias tres, drachmas duas, scrupulum unam cam senusse.'—Chamberlain's Tjrocinium Medicum, 2d edit. 1819, 11 122 ANCIENT CHEMICAL SYMBOLS. The following tables of weights and measures may not be an inappropriate appendix to the preceding list of symbols. It may be premised that the weights or- dered in prescriptions refer to the Apothecaries' weight, and the measures to imperial measure. 1 Pound contains 1 Ounce " 1 Drachm " 1 Scruple " 1 Gallon contains 1 Pint " 1 Kluidounce " 1 Iluidrachm " Troy or Apothe-caries' Weight. Avoirdupois Weight. 5760 grains. 480 " 60 " 20 " 7000 grains. 437-,r> " 27-34375 " Imperial (Phar-macopozial) Measure. Wine Measure. 76800 minims. 9600 " 480 " 60 " 61444 minims. 7680 480 " 60 " Ancient Chemical Symbols. Many of the hieroglyphics painted on the show-bottles in the druggists' windows are without meaning, being the invention of the painter. Those which are intelli- gible are, for the most part, the characters formerly used to designate the seven anciently known metals, and which are the same as those employed by the as- trologers to represent the planets. To these must be added the sign )J( (a Maltese cross,) indicative of acrimony, indicated by the sharp points surrounding it. The astrological symbols employed by chemists tore- present the ancient metals aptly express the properties, real or fancied, of the substances they were intended to designate. ANCIENT CHEMICAL SYMBOLS. 123 Gold, formerly called Sol, was represented by a cir- cle Q, which represented its perfection, its immuta- bility, its density (for a sphere contains the greatest amount of matter under the smallest surface,) and its simplicity; for the equality of the radii of a eircle re- presents the equality of the parts and homogeneous na- ture of gold. Silver, termed Dhna or Luna, was characterized by (£., because it was thought to be half gold, whose in- ward part turned outwards makes pure gold. Neither gold nor silver was supposed to contain anything acrid or corrosive. Quicksilver, called Mercury, was represented by y, (a symbol compounded of the hieroglyphic for gold, silver, and acrimony,) indicating that its real nature or inmost part was pure gold, but that its top, face, or superficies, appeared like silver, whilst there lurked beneath something acrid and corrosive. Remove from it the appearance of silver, and its sharp corrosive quality, and you have pure gold (aurum vivum.) Copper, termed Venus, was indicated by 9 , showing that this metal was, for the most part, gold combined with acridity. Remove the latter and you have real gold. Copper wants the silver face of mercury. Iron, called Mars, was represented by %,—that is, gold with acridity; for iron was thought to consist principally of gold profoundly concealed in it by a very evident acrimony, which, however, is only half that contained in mercury and copper, and, therefore, is re- presented by a kind of barbed point inclined to the right, a portion only of the sign expressive of acridity, and farther significative of the use of this metal in the service of the God of War. Tin, termed Jupiter, was represented by %, indi- cating that it was one-half silver, the other half acri- dity. 124 ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRESCRIPTIONS. Lead was called Saturn, "not only," says Fourcroy, "because they suppose this metal to be oldest, and, as it were, the father of all the others, but also because it was considered as very cold; because the property of absorbing, and apparently destroying, almost all the metals, was attributed to lead in the same manner as fabulous history affirms that Saturn, the father of the gods, devoured his children." Its symbol was ^ , in- dicating that it was nearly all corrosive, but with some resemblance to silver. CHAP. IX.—On the Grammatical Construction op Prescriptions. It has been thought advisable to devote one chapter to a few remarks on the grammatical construction of prescriptions. The Ru'esof Syntax, with illustrations drawn from prescriptions, will be first given, and to these will be appended a grammatical explanation of a few prescriptions. I. THE RULES OF SYNTAX. Those rules of syntax which require to be noticed here are thirty-two in number. They may be con- veniently arranged under the two heads of Concords and Government. a. Of Concords.—The Concords are four.* 1. Of an Adjective, &c, with a Substantive. 2. Of a Verb with a Nominative. 3. Of a Re'ative with an Antecedent. 4. Of a Substantive with a Substantive. * Some grammarians make only three concords: the agreement of one substantive with another signifying the same thing (Rule 8l not being considered by th^m a concord, but being called appo- sition. However, for the reason assigned by Mr. (irant (Institutes of Latin Grammar, p. 172,) I have adopted it as a primary concord. RULES OF SYNTAX. 125 Rule 1. Adjectives, participles, and pronouns, agree with the substantive in gender, number, and case ; as— Grana duo. Cochleare amplum. Haustus sumendus. Quaque node. Pannum Laneum. CaUip'.asma calidum. Rule 2. A personal verb agrees with its nominative in number and person; as— Tu recipe. Mittatur sanguis. Admoveatur emplas- trum. Capiat ctger. Fricetur corpus. Fove- antur gingivce. Collwtntur fauces. Rule 3. The infinitive mood has an accusative before it; as— Repetaiur venceseclio quotidie ad lertiam vel quarlam vicem nisi constet vires prius deficere. [Note. The noun vires (of the accusative case plural) follows constet, but precedes the infinitive deficere. ] Rule 4. The relative qui, qua;, quod, agrees with the antecedent in gender, number, and person ; as— Divide in pilulis sex, quarum sumat unam pro re nata. \_Note. Here quarum is the relative, and agrees with the antecedent pilulas in gender, number, and person.] Ru7e 5. If no nominative come between the rolative and the verb, the relative shall be the nominative to the verb ; as— Fiant pUu!a duodecim, quce sumendcB sunt ut anlea. Rule 6. But if a nominative come between the relative aud the verb, the relative shall be of that case which the verb or noun following, or the preposition going before, uses to govern; as— Fut haustus cui, tempore capiendi, adde, &c. 11* 126 ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRESCRIPTIONS. [Note. Here the nominative (tu, understood) comes between the relative (cui) and the verb (adde:) hence the relative is put in the dative case, being governed by the verb adde.] Rule 7. Two or more substantives singular, coupled together by a conjunction, generally have a verb, adjective, or relative plural; as— Hiustus etpilu'a sumantur tribus horis. Rule 8. One substantive agrees with another, signify- ing the same thing, in case; as— Recipe potassce tartralis (vulg5 Tartari solubilis) unciam. [Note. Potasses tartralis and Tartarum sohtbile being terms signifying the same thing, they are put in the same case.] (9. Of Government. 1. Of Nouns. 2. Of Verbs. 3. Of words indeclinable. Nouns. Rule 9. One substantive governs another, signifying a different thing, in the genitive; as— Uncia mngnesia. Magnitudo nucis moschatce. Hora somni. Unciaz quinque sanguinis. [Note. The substance governed may govern another, signifying a different thing; as Drachma sodce* cctrbonatis.] Rule 10. An adjective, in the neuter gender, without a substance expressed, is followed by a genitive: the * Soda is generally said to be derived from the Arabic, but Dr. Good says "the word Soda is derived from the German word. Das Sod. or Sodt,—fuam or scum boiling up to the surface."—Good's Nosology. RULES OF SYNTAX. 127 adjectives thus used are generally such as signify quantity: as— Plus ca'cis. Expauxillo alicujus liquoris. Paulu- lum spiritus. Ex tantillo hujus liquoris. Rule 11. Opus and usus, denoting necessity, convenience, or expediency, are followed by the ablative of the thing wanted ; as— Qu mdo alvi duclione opus sit. Rule 12. Adjectives signifying desire, knowledge, memory, fear. &c, and the contraries to these re- quire a genitive case; as— Ad alvum officii immemorem excilandum. Rule 13. Partitives and words placed partitively, com- paratives, superlative^, interrogatives, and some numerals, govern the genitive plural; as— Una. pilul '.rum. [Note. Unas, when used as a numeral, takes de, or e, or ex, after it, and seldom the genitive plural. Hence una ex pilulis would be prefer- able to unapilularam.] Verbs. Rule 14. A verb signifying actively governs the accu- sative; as— Rer'pe u.nciam (vel drachmam.) Capiat cochleare. Mitte sanguinem. Sumat unam [pilu/am.] Rule 15. Verbs of giving, taking away, composing, &c, and many verbs compounded w.th ad, in, oh, pra, sub, govern an accusative and dative, if the verb be active; if passive, a dative only. Da infantulo lactenti cochleare minimum aqua menthce. Admoveantur regioni re.nnm hiru- dines sex. Cap'mt cochlearia, d?io in hm guori- bns, prcecique, diehns purgationi dediti-i. Si primce vencesectioni non cedat morbus, SfC. 128 ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRESCRIPTIONS. Rule 16. Utor, and some other words, govern the ab- lative; as— Utatttr sequenti. Utatur pediluvio. Utatur ceger equitatione. Rule 17. One verb governs another in the infinitive; as— Caput tonderi debet. Rule 18. Participles, gerunds, and supines, govern tha case of their own verbs; as— Augendo dosin. Angendo minitendove quanti- tatem. Fiat linimentum, cervici et scapidis infrica)idum. Instillando tinctura opii gutlas sex. Rule 19. Natus, edi.tus, creatus, and some other parti- ciples, require an ablative case, and oftentimes with a preposition ; as— Nata humoris dttractio ab emplastro cantharidis. Rule 20. The gerund in di is governed by substan- tives or adjectives; as— Tempore canandi. Tempo? e capiendi. Rule 21. Gerunds governing the accusative may be elegantly turned into the participles in das, which agree with their substantives in gender, number, and case; as— Ad acorem compescendum. Ad alvum excitandum. On the Construction of Circumstances. Circumstances are five: Cause, Manner, Instru- ment, Place, and Time; and they are common to the verbs and nouns. Ride 22. The cause, manner, and instrument, are put in the ablative; as— Plena rivo. More solita. Eodem modo. Manu calida. Ope penicilli. Curetur pars exulce- RULES OF SYNTAX. 129 rata unguento sabince. Alvo hisce medicamentis liberie soluta. Igne leni. Rule 23. Nouns signifying part of time, and answer- ing to the question quando (when ?), are put in the ablative; as — Omni node. Sextis horis. Tempore matutino. Rule 24. But\nouns signifying duration of time, and answering tr> the question quamdiu (how long?), are generally put in the accusative, the prepositions per, ad, in, intra, inter, being frequently expressed; as— Per horam. Per tres nodes. Inter noctem. Rule 25. A substantive and a participle, whose case depends upon no other word, are put in the ablative absolute; as— Uigente tnssi. Vase prius agitato. Pe Quindecim, adj. indeclin. Pulveris, subst. gen. sing, from Pulvis, eris. m. 3d decl. Governed by Grana. (Rule 9.) Rhei, subst. gen. sing, from Rheum, i, n. 2d decl. Governed by Pulveris. (Rule 9, and note.) (3) Recipe, understood. Guttas, subst. ace. pi. from Gutta, se, f. 1st decl. Governed by Recipe, understood. (Rule 14.) Quinque, adj. indeclin. Olei, subst. gen. sing, from Oleum, ei, n. 2d decl. Governed by Guttas. (Rule 9.) 132 ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRESCRIPTIONS. Antiiemidis, subst. gen. sing, from Anthemis,idis, f. 3d decl. Governed by Olei. (Rule 9, and note.) (4) Recipe., understood. Quantum, adverb. Governing the gsnitive case. (Rule 32.) Sufficiat, verb impers. potent, mood, pres. tense, from Sufiicio, ire, feci, fectum, neut. and act. 3d conj. CoNSRRv.y., subst. gen. sing, from Conserva, se, f. 1st decl. Governed by Quantum. (Rule 32.) Ros.e, subst. gen. sing, from Rosa, a-., f. 1st decl. Governed by Con.servx. (Rule 9, and note) Ut, conjunct. Governing a subiunct. mood. (Rule 31.) Massula, subst. nom. case a, se, f. 1st decl. Fiat, verb, subj. mood, pres. tense, 3d person singular, from Fio,fis,factus, sum vtlfui, fieri, neut. Governed by Ut (Rule 31,) and agreeing with its nominative case Massula. (Rule 2.) Dividenda, particip. nom. case, fem. gend. from Dividend/is, a, urn, (a di.vidor, ,'., sus, pass. 3d conj.) Agreeing with Massula. (Rule 1.) In, preposition. Governing an accusative case. (Rule 28.) Pilulas, subst. ace. pi. from Pihda, «, f. ist decl. Governed by hi. (Rule 28.) Viginti, adj. indecl. Quarum, relative pronoun, gpn. pi. fem. from Qui, qnm, quod. Agreeing with its antecedent Pilulas in gender and number. (Rule 4.) Governed in the gen. case by Ties. (Rules 6 and 13.) EXPLANATION OF PRESCRIPTIONS. 133 Mgf.r, adj. mas. gend. nom. JEger, segra, segrum. Agreeing with homo, understood.* (Rule 1.) Sumat, verb, 3d pers. sing. imp. mood, from Sumo, ere, psi, plum, act. 3d conj. Agreeing with homo, understood (Rule 2;) governing an ace. case. (Rule 14.) ; Tres, adj. ace. pi. fem. from Tres, tres, tria. Agreeing with Pilulas, understood (Rule 1,) and which is governed by Sumat. (Rule 14.) Horis, subst. abl. plural, from Hora, se, f. 1st .decl.; signifying part of time, and, therefore, put in the abl. case. (Rule 23.) OcTAVis,adj. abl. plur. fem. from Octavus, a, um. Agreeing with horis. (Rule 1.) No. II. (1) R Pulv. Scamm. gss. (2) ■---Jalapae gr. v. (3) Calomelanos gr. iij. (4) M. Fiat pulvis purgans, extempld in pulpa pomi tosti sumendus. (1) Recipe, as before. Scrupulum, subst. ace. sing, from Scrupnlus, i, m. 2d decl. Governed by Recipe. (Rule 14.) * Homo is of the common gender, and refers either to man or woman : hence, when a female patient is meant, we say azgra homo. Latin grammarians are totally at a loss for the etymology of a:ger, segra, a?grum. Kestus gives us at at, (ai ai;) Scaliger atpyii (aergos:) others, aviypds, atKiapos (anigros, aikiaros.) and terms still more discrepant in sense and sound. The reader will, per- haps, readily perceive the proper origin of this term when he finds that ekrah, by the Turks pronounced egrah, is Arabic for " sick- ness, aversion, nausea, horror, or shuddering."—Good's Nosology. ^Eqer and mqrotus agree in denoting the unsound state ot the ob- jects to which they are applied, but differ in respect to the nature of those objects. The first, as a generic term, extends to both mind and to body, while the latter expresses the disease of the body alone."—Hill's Synonymes of the Latin Language. 12 134 ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRESCRIPTIONS. Dimidium, adj. ace. sing. masc. from Dimidius, a, um. Agreeing with Scrupulum. (Rule 1.) Pulveri?, subst. gen. sing, from Pulvis, eris, m. 3d decl. Governed by Scrupulum. (Rule 9.) ScammonijE, subst. gen. sing, from Scammonia, se, f. 1st decl. Governed by Pulveris. (Rule 9, and note.) (2) Recipe, understood, as before. Guana, subst. ace. pi. neut. from Granum, i, n. 2d decl. Governed by Recipe, understood. (Rule 14.) Quinque, adj. indecl. Pulveris, subst. gen. sing, from Pulvis, eris, m. 3d decl. Governed by Grana. (Rule 9.) Jalaps, subst. gen. sing, from Jalapa, se, f. 1st decl. Governed by Pulveris. (Rule 9, and note.) (3) Recipe, understood, as before. Grana, subst. ace. pi. from Granum, i, n. 2d decl. Governed by Recipe. (Rule 14.) Tria, adj. ace. pi. neut. gend. from Tre\ tres, tria. Agreeing with Grana. (Rule 1.) Calomelanos, subst. genit. sing, from Calomelas, a word compounded of two Greek words, naXog (kalos,) good, and ptXac (melas,) black; and I declined like the masculine gender of the adjec- tive ustag (melas,) thus: Nom. Calomelas; Gen. Calomelanos; Dat. Calomelani; Ace. Calo- melana; Voc. Calomelas; Abl.* Calomelane. Calomelanos is governed by Grana. (Rule 9.) * There is no ablative case in Greek. EXPLANATION OF PRESCRIPTIONS. 135 (4) Misce, verb, 2d pers. sing, imper. mood, from Misceo, (re, ui, mistum, and mixtum. Act. 2d conj. Agreeing with Tu, understood. (Rule 2.) M. Fiat, verb, imper. mood, from Fio, fis, factus, sum \e\fui, fieri, neut. Agreeing with Pulvis. (Rule 2.) Pulvis, subst. nom. sing. masc. gen. 3d decl. Purgans, part. nom. sing. masc. Purgans, tis, from Purgo, are. Agreeing with Pulvis. (Rule 1.) Sumendus, part. Agreeing with Pulvis (Rule 1) in gender, number, and case. From Sunior, i, pass. 3d conj. Extempl6, adverb. In, prepos. governing an abl. case. (Rule 28.) Pulpa, subst. abl. sing, from Pulpa, a, f. 1st decl. Governed by in. (Rule 28.) Pomi, subst. gen. sing, from Pomum, i, n. 2d decl. Governed by Pulpa. (Rule 9.) Tosti, part. gen. sing. neut. gend. from Tostus, a, nm (from Torreor, eri, 2d conj.) Agreeing with Pomi. (Rule 1.) CHAP. X.—On the Pronunciation of Pharmaceu- tical Terms. "The true pronunciation of the Latin language being lost, the different nations of Europe generally substi- tute their own. The Italian probably approaches the nearest to it" (Zumpt.) The following remarks on the pronunciation of Latin pharmaceutical terms apply, 136 pronunciation of pharmaceutical terms. therefore, to the English mode of pronouncing this lan- guage. In the pronunciation of these, as of other terms, our guides are threefold,—viz. certain established rules, the authority of the poets, and established custom. The rules may be arranged under three heads, viz.:— 1st. Those relating to the pronunciation of letters. 2d. Those relating to the pronunciation of sylla- bles. 3d. Those relating to the length or quantity of syl- lables. Sect. I. Rules for the Pronunciation of Letters. The following general rules for the pronunciation of the letters of Latin words are those usually followed by classical authorities of the present day. Rule 1. C and G.—C and G before a, o, u, and consonants, are pronounced hard. C is sounded like K; as in Calumba, Copaiba, Cuprum, and Creta. G has a hard guttural sound; as in Galbanum, Gossipium, Guaiacum, and Glycyrrhiza. C and G before e, i, and y, are, with us, generally pronounced soft. C sounds soft like S, as in Cetraria, Citrus, Cydonia, Cyanidum. and Cyanchum. G is pronounced like J; as in Gentiana, Gigartina, Gyro- phora, Gypsum, Hydrargyrum, Oxygen,and Hydrogen. C before a; and a is soft; as in Baccx, pronounced bak-se. Observ. *. The student is to understand that these rules, although almost universally followed by classical authorities of the present day, are not probably in ac- cordance with the practice of the ancient Romans. For it is nearly certain that they always pronounced pronunciation of letters. 137 C hard, like K; and it is further probable that C and G were pronounced by them in the same manner; that is, like K. For arguments in favour of this opinion, the reader is referred to Scheller's Latin Grammar, translated by G. Walker (1825.) Observ. p. It is by no means uncommon to hear C and G pronounced hard before e and y in certain words of Greek origin. This pronunciation is some- times adopted, from a fancied notion of its greater cor- rectness, founded on the fact that the words are derived from the Greek, in which the corresponding letters are pronounced hard. Thus occasionally we hear men of considerable classical attainments pronounce the C and G hard in the following words: Cyanogen, Cyanidum, Hydrocyanicum, Hyoscyamus, Hydrargyrum, Oxygen, and Hydrogen; as if they were spelt kyanogen, kyani- dum, hyoskyamus, &c. But such a mode of pronuncia- tion always appears pedantic and affected. Moreover, if the principle be correct, it should be extended to all words^of both common and rare occurrence, derived from the Greek, and is equally applicable to the English as to the Latin language: and thus the words genealogy and geology would be pronounced with the g hard. But what "would become of our language," says Walker, "if every word from the Greek and Latin, that has g in it, were so pronounced ?" Rile 2. Ch___Ch is usually pronounced hard, like K—a practice which is consonant, probably, with that of the Romans ; as in Chenopodium (ken,) Chelidonium (kel,) Mastiche (mastike,) Chela (kela,) Chimaphila (ki,) Chondrus (ko,) Moschus (moskus,) &c. Observ. a. This rule is very frequently violated by pharmaceutists. Thus Chia (e.g. Terebinthina Chia) is often erroneously pronounced as if written tshia, whereas it should be sounded as Kia. 12* 138 pronunciation of pharmaceutical terms. Catechu* is often erroneously sounded as if written katetshoo, whereas the true pronunciation is that of kateku or katequ; the chu being pronounced as ku or qu. Observ. /J. Colchicum, following the same rule, should be pronounced kolkekum; but it is more frequently sounded koltchecum. The former pronunciation (kol- kekum) is supported not only by analogy and the pro- nunciation of the Greek primitive, (xox^/x&v,) but also by the modern pronunciation of the name of the place, (Cholchis or Colchos, pronounced kolkis or kolkos) where this plant is said to flourish abundantly, and from which it received its name. In favour of the second pronunciation (koltchecum,) which is opposed to classical authority, nothing can he urged but vulgar custom; which, however, is now so general among medical men, that to deviate from it appears affected and pedantic. Observ. y. The rule for pronouncing ch hard, like h, is frequently deviated from in the case of comme- morative botanical names: thus Rich.ardsonia is pro- nounced Ritshardsonia. For it is a rule among bota- nists in naming plants after individuals, to preserve strictly the orthography and pronunciation of the primi- tives. And though, it must be admitted, this practice leads to the formation of words foreign to both the genius and pronunciation of the Latin language, yet the practical inconvenience is less than if the botanists of each country were permitted to alter the names to * The word Catechu is said to be derived from Gate, the name of a tree, and Chu. juice (B. .T. Murray, App. Medicam. vol. ii.) With the aid of Professor II. II. Wilson, I have endeavoured, but in vain, to verify this etymology. Professor Wilson suggests that the word is derived from two Malay words Galeh and Kuuh : the former signifying juice obtained by boiling.—the lattnr. juice by exuda- tion. The two words put together would make something like our word Catechu, Gatehkuah. pronunciation of letters. 139 suit their own national mode of pronouncing Latin words. Observ. S. The word Chiretta or Chirayta (applied to an Indian gentianaceous plant employed in medicine as a tonic) is pronounced similar to its Indian deriva- tive,—that is, with the ch soft, like tsh (as tshiretta, tshirayta;) for this accords with the pronunciation of the word in the Tamool, Dukhanie, Hindoostanie, and Bengalie languages. Rule 3. Cm, Cn, CI, Gm, Gn, Mn, Tm, Ps, and Pt, when they begin a word, are pronounced with the first letter mute; as Cnicus (nikus,) Gnidia (nidea,) Pterocaipus (terokarpus,) and Psychotria (sikotrea.) Rule 4. T, S, and C before ia, ie, ii, io, iu, ea, and en, when the accent precedes, change their sounds into sh, and zh; as Aunnitium (auransheum,) Arundinacea (arundinashea,) Erinaceus (erinasheus,) Acacia (aka- shea,) Artemisia (artemezhea,) Magnesia (magneshea,) Cassia (cashya.) But, when the accent isonthe first diphthongal vowel, the preceding consonant preserves its sound; as An- rantiacum (aurantiakum.) Observ. This rule is not always adhered to. Thus Potassium is usually pronounced po-tas'se-um, not potasheum; and Calcium, kal'-se-um, not kalsheum. The letter s in the first, and c in the latter word, are, of course, liable to receive the pronunciation indicated by sh. Rule 5. Sch sounds k; as Schasnu.i (skenus.) Rule 6. X at the beginning of a word sounds like Z; as Xericum (zerekum,) Xeres (zerez,) and Xanthor- rhcea (zanthorrea.) But in other positions it retains its own proper sound; as in Taxus, Borax, Styrax, Opoponax, &c. 140 PRONUNCIATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL TERMS. Rule 7. English classical writers pronounce the Latin vowels, a, e, i, o, u, as they do the English ones. Rule 8. Diphthongs are also pronounced as in English. As m and a are pronounced like e, these diphthongs are called improper, because the sound of the first letter is lost. Observ. A diphthong is sometimes split or divided into two syllables, each of which is separately pro- nounced. When this is the case, the mark (••), called the diaeresis or dialysis, is placed over one of the letters of the diphthong to indicate that the vowels are to be separated in pronunciation: the words Aloe, Benzoinum, and CambogiiJdes are examples. The word Cephaelis (e. g. Cephaelis Ipecacuanha) is often pronounced as if the diaeresis were placed over one of the vowels. This, however, is an error. Its true pronunciation is the same as if the word were written Cephselis (that is, sef-e'-lis.) The etymology of the word Cephaelis (from ke.xtto(,) and conium (x.wfeior.) The word conium is often erroneously pronounced with the accent on the antepenultimate and the i short, thus co'nlum; and in Loudon's Dictionary of Plants it is directed to be so pronounced,—on the assumption, I presume, that it follows the general rule of a vowel being short before another vowel, and also, perhaps, because the Greek accent is on the first syllable. But, as it is derived from the Greek word wuiov, and as its t has been substituted for the a of the primitive, it obviously belongs to the class of exceptions just alluded to, and, therefore, should be pronounced with the t long, as above directed: thus—conium. Rule 13. "A vowel before two consonants is always deemed long [by position,] though pronounced with the short sound of the English vowel, as the penulti- mate of anten'nce [of argin'tum, canSl'la, calum'ba, &c,;] unless the two consonants are a mute and a liquid,— for then the previovs vowel may be short, and conse- quently unaccented, as in cer'Sbrum."—Smart's Walker Remodelled, p. xxxv. Rule 14. Diphthongs are long both in Latin and Greek words; as in faniculum, allhcea, and hcematoxy- lum. Observ. Prce in composition is usually short before a vowel; as in prceustus. 144 PRONUNCIATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL TERMS. Rule 15.—In words of two syllables with but one consonant in the middle, whatever be the quantity of the vowel, in the first syllable in Greek or Latin, it is always made long in English pronunciation; as in Bt'deps, a!pis, a'rum, bd'rax, bro'mus, co'cos, ki'no, pi'nus, ra'dix, sa'po, and so'da. Rule 16. In words of three syllables, with the accent on the rst, and with but one consonant after the first syllable, the first syllable is pronounced short, let the Greek or Latin quantity be what it will; as in uc'orus, al'o'e, am'y'um, sgn'ega. Observ. The words acorus and amylum are often, but erroneously, pronounced aco'rus and amy'lum. Thus we frequently hear persons talk of using the decoctum amy'li as an ent'ma! [The pronunciation should be, am'yli and Sn'ema.] Rule 17. A number of Latinized polysyllables, ter- minating in dum or idum, employed in modern chemistry and phirmacy, make their penultimate short, iike the Latin adjectives in idus (idus, a, um:) hence their ac- cent is on the antepenultimate; as—ox'ydum, chlo'rt- dum, io'dldum, bro'mldum, and cyan'ldum. Rule 18. Some Latinized polysyllables, terminating in eturn/ employed in modern chemistry and pharmacy, make their penultimate long, like the penultimate of polysyllabic supines in etum; as—sulphurStum, carbu- rltum, and phosphurBlum. Rule 19. Another class of Latinized names intro- duced into modern chemistry is that which includes the words used to designate the oxysalts. They are the nouns* of the third declension, and terminate in either * In the French Codex, and generally in Continental works, these words are made masculino; as in the t«rms carbonat sodicut LENGTH OR QUANTITY OF SYLLABLES. 145 is or as (ite or ate in English;) as—carbonas, phos'phas, ni'tras, sul'ph'S, arsgn'lis, io'das, and ar'sgnis. Both dissyllables and trisyllables lengthen the incre- ment, and the accent then falls on the penultimate; ;is —sulphas, sulpha'lis; ni'tras, nilr&'tis; orsgn'tas, arsg- nl&'lis; io'das, ioda'lis: and ar'sgnis, arsgnl'tis. Observ. The word acetas is sometimes pronounced with the penultimate short, and consequently with the accent on the antepenultimate; as—ac'gtas. Tut as the penultimate in the primitive (acetum) is long, the penultimate of the derivative (acetas) should be long also (ace'tas.) Rule 20. Compound words have the same quantity as the simple words of which they are compounded; asperox'ydum, bichlor'idum, binio'dldum, ferrocyun'ldum, sesquicar'bonas, and bisul'phas. and arrenispotassicus. In the Edinburgh and Dublin Pharma- copoeias they are made neuter; as in the phrases carbonas sodat exsieeatum and ferri sulphas ejrsiccatum. in the London Phar- macopoeia, on the contrary, they are made feminine: as in the term soda, carbonas exsiccata. If it be admitted that these words lengthen the increment, they then come under Lilly's second special rule,—that "nouns increasing long in the genitive arc fe- minine." -'If we are to be guided by the standard of classical authority, th3 London College is certainly correct."—Jinstock's Remarks on Vie Nomenclature of the New London Pharmacopoeia. 13 146 PROSODIACAL VOCABULARY WORDS EMPLOYED IN MATERIA MEDICA AND PHARMACY. a'bies, abi'etis./. In the phrase resina abietis, the latter word is often, but erroneously, pronounced abie'tis. ablet'inus (usually pro- nounced ableti'nus,) a, um. abrot'onum vel abroVa- num, i. n. a/ZfoTovov, absinthium, i. n. «4//v6^, otcoc, a blackmoor. agar'icus, i. m., vel agar'i- CUm, i. n. ec-yopinOv. [Tgath'Tites. /. atyxdoTnc, HTOf. albu/men, Inis. m. ul'bus, a, um. al'cohol, olis, m. or n.* alexandrl'nus, a, um. al'ga, se./. * In the French Codex the word alcohol is made masculine whereas in the old Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia it was considered neuter. PROSODIACAL VOCABULARY. 147 al'kali,* pi. alkalia. m. alkali'nus, a, um. al'lium, i. n. aKoe, es. /. a\6x. alpi'nia, se. /. althaea, re. /. alii'men, inis. n. alu/mina, se./. alii'ta, se./. amaFgrtma, atis. n. ammo'nia, se. / ammoni'acum, i. n. a.y.piai- V14.X.0V. ammonium, i. n. am5/mum, i. n. ci/jhi^j-ov. amyg'dala, se./., an almond. amygdal'inus, a, um. amyg'dalus, i. /., an al- mond tree. ani/ylum, i. n. "auvhot. am'yris, idis. / From a, answering to very; and fj-vpu;, a balsamic tree. anchu/sa, se. /. *y%ov7ec. andi'ra, se. /. The Brazi- liannameof atree (Marc- graav, p. 100.) andropo^on. m. 'a.ri,p, a man; and i-utymv, a beard. anemo/ne, es./. 'avt/udtti. ane'thum, i. n. 'aynBov. angeFica, se. /. iingastu^a.se./. Angostura (Spanish,) narrowness; from angustus, narrow. anima/lis, e. anl'sum, i. n. an'nuus, a, um. ano'dyna, orum.ra.^Z. 'arco- ano/dynus, a, um. etiiaSu- voc. an'themis.idis./. 'ctrBt/ut't. antid'otum, i. n., vel antid- Otus, i./. 'ctwiioTOC. antimonia'lis, e. antimon'ium,-}- i. n. a/pis, is./. a'pium, i. n. apoc'ynum, i. n. a-ronuvov. a/qua, 03. /. arab'icus, a, um. ar/biitus, i. /. archangeKica, se./. arctostaph/ylos. /. From ctpx.To;, a bear, the north; and cna$vKv\, a bunch of \ grapes. * " Sal tartre, aloaly, and salt preparat, " And combust materes. and coagulat." Chiucer. T'te Cianones Yemannes Tale. t It is said that Basil Valentine first tried the effects of anti- monial medicines upon the monks of his convent, on whom they acted with such violence that he was induced to distinguish the mineral from which those medicines had been extracted by the name of antimoine (i. e. hostile to monks.) 148 PROSODIACAL VOCABULARY. are'ca, os. /. A Malabar word (clusius.) ure'nn, 03. /. ar/gel, iudecl. argv'in~'ne, es. /. argoii'tum, i. n. a/rics. ari'etis, m. aristoloch'ia, se./. armen'ia, se./ armeni'ileus, a, um. annora/cia, se. /. ar'nica, se. /. aro'mn, Tttis. n. aromat'icus, a, um. arsSn'Ls, fais./. (seepage 140.) arsen'icum, i. n. ap?tuno». arsen'Icus, a, um. arsonio'sus, a, um. ar'senis, itis. /. (see page 14o.) _ artemis/ia,se./. aprt/Atrix. artocar'pus. /. From «/>- toe, bread; and *«p:roc, fruit. a'rum. i. n. apov. arundlria/ceus, a, um. asagrse^se./ Called after Dr. Asa Gray. aVarum, i. n. ascle'plas, adis./. aa-KXti- aspar'asru-', i. n. j aspid'ium, i. n. krwn, aa- asple'nium, i. n. alOC. a/triplex, icis. /. at'ropa, se. /. uTpiroc. avella'na, se./. ave'iia, se. /. auran/tium, ii. n. autiimna'lis, e. aii'rum, i. n. axun'gTa, as f. azj'tum. i. n. a, priv.; rfu'i, life. bue'ea. se. /. bllaus'tium, ii. n. balslmoa. so. /. bal/samld~n//dron.rc. 0a\- aa/xov, bilm; and flijpst, a tree. bul'samum, i.n. @a*o-a/uoi, baJm. barbaden/sis, e. Las Bar- bad:s (Portuguese,) the bearded islands. ba/rlum.ii. n. @j put, heavy. baroVnia, se /. @upv(, heavy; and la/mri, smell. bary'ta. as./. @.?v'r»<. basil/fcus, a, um. iiuTi>.tx.oc, royal. bdeVHum. ii. n. @nna (I tali an, )f.tir lady. benz'oas, iitis. /. (see p. 144.) TROSODIACAL VOCABULARY. 149 ben'zoe, es. /. (declined like Aloe: see p. 143.) benzo'i'cus, a, um. benzo'inum, i. n. benzo'inus, a, um. bi, or for euphony bin; from the Latin bis, twice. A prefix to certain words. It signifies twice or dou- ble, as in the compounds bicarbonas, biniodidum, bicbloridum,bin oxydum, &c. For the pronuncia- tion of these terms, see carbonas, iorlidum, &C. bismu'thum, i.n. Wismulh. (German.) bitu'men, inis. n. bijle'tus, i. m. 0a>\lT»g. bj'lus, i. m. bonp^an'din, ae./ Named calami'na, ae. /. after Aime Bonpland, a! calamina/ris, e French botanist. jcalami'tfl, ae. n bo'ras, atis,/. (see p. 144.) i cal'amus, i. m. bromin/ium, ii. n. From 0pujuo;, a stink. bru/cia, 33./. Derived from the name of a Scotch traveller, James Bruce. bu'chu. Boekoe, bookoo, or buku, African names for the plant. buty'rum, ri. n. fiourvpit, butter. The penultimate is long, because it is long in Tufo;, cheese. cacH'o. An Indian word; caca'o (Spanish.) cac'tus, i m. na*Toc. cad'mium, ii. n. cnjupu^i, indecl. cal'aber, abra, um 1 Cala- calabrl'nus, a, um J brian. bo'rax, Scis,/. boswel'lia, ae. / Named after Dr. Boswell. bovll'lus, a, um. bovi'nus, a, um. bras/sica, ae. /. bro'mas, atis. /. (see p. 143.) From fipaptcc, a stink. bro'nucus, a, um. bro/midum, i. n * ah apt it. calom'elas, calomelanos, n. (see p. 134.) calot/ropis. /. k^kk, beau- tiful; and Tpi-xa, I turn. calum/ba, ae. /. cal'cium, ii. n. calx, cal'cis. /. cambo/g!a, as. / cambogioi'des. From cam- bogia, and u$os,form or resemblunce. 13* 150 PROSODIACAL VOCABULARY. campechia'nus, a, um. campes'ter, tris, tre. cam'phura, as. /. Kapt- Popt. camplinru/tus, a, um. canadensis, e. ciln'dTdus, a, um. canel'la, os. f. canl'nus, a, um. can'nn, ae /. cannabl'nus, a, um. can'nHbis, is. /. xaw«,6/c. can'tharis, ridis. /. »*>■- Qapt<;. cap'slcum, i. n. ku-\.ikov. car'bo, onis. m. ciirbynas, atis. /. (see p. 144.) carbure'tum, i. n. cardami'ne, es. /. ttapfa- fAlYM. cardlm3/mum, i. n. x.*pSa- ca/rica, ae. / caro'ta. ae. /. car'thamus, i. m. ca/rui. Alteredfromcarum. ca'rum, i. n. caryophylla'tus, a, um. caryophyl'lum, i. n., a c'ore. K.apv:.9uXKov. caryophyl'lus, i. m., a clove tree. cascaril'la, ae. /. ca/seum, i. n. cas/sia, ae. /. cas'tor, oris. m. KarTuy, castor'eum, i. n. castor'eus, a, um. cataplas/ma, atis. xan- 7r\a7 u*. catapa/tia, ae. /. cat/echu, indecl. (see p. 138.) cathar'ticus, a, um. cathartocar/pus, i. m. **- ^tipoa, 1 purge; and *»p- ttos, fruit. caute/rium, ii. n. cebadil'la, as. /. The dimi- nutive of cebiida (Spa- nish.) bar7ey. centauiv'a, ae. /. centaurl'uin, i. n. ce'pa, as. /. cephae'iis vel cephaslis./. cu'ra, as. / cer'usus, i. /. cerii'tum, i. n. cerii'tus, a, um. cer'bcra, ae. / A poetic name, derived from Cer'- berus, i. m, the three- heided dog in the infernal regions. ceVcbrum, i. n. cert;vi/sia, as./, also cervi- sia. cerus'sa, ae. /. K»p6o- ^«v6c, a goose; and fl-ot/c, ■xoAoc, a foot. chlinaph'ila, ae. /. From ■^n'tfxi, winter; and , / love. chi'os, i. / ^,/of. chiret'ta, as./. chlro'nia, as./. From %ti- pav. chl'us, a, um. chlo'ridum, i. re. (see chlo- rinium.) chlorina'tus, a, um. chlurin^um, i. re. From %h.o<[>oc, pale green. chocdir/ta. as. / chon/drus, i. m. %_ivS?oc. clc-ho'riuin, i. re. mx^fiov. cicu/ta, ae. /. cinchona, as. / cinnab/ari, indecl. n., and cinnab'aris, is./. xmU- ciunamo/mum, i. re. xivva- [AU/AOV. cissam'pelos. xiav'oe, ivy; and dpt-rihoc, a vine. extras, atis./. (see p. 144.) cit'rlcus, a, um. cit'rlnus, a, um. cirrus, i./. nitpov. clo/vus, i. m. clys/ter, eris. m. xxva-rip. coag/ulum, i. re. coccin'eus, a, um. coe'eus, i. m. kokk-c. coc'culus, i. m. Diminutive of coccus. co'cos./. From xokkoc (?.) codei'a, as. / x&SJW. col'chicum, i. n. (see p. 138.) y.oh^txiv. colco'thar. colly'rium, i. re. colocyn'this, idis. /. xoko- xviBit, /Jcf. colopho'nia, as. / xc^o- eo'K». colu'tea, as./, xcKurza. commu'nis, e. conl'um, i. re. (see p. 143,) not co'nium. xo, I save. cre'mor, oris. m. crena'tus, a, um. cre'ta, ae. / cro'cus, i. m. cro'ton, onis. /. xprndv. cu'beba, 33. /. xov@t/2a. cu'eumis, is. m. cucur'blta, 33. / cucurbit'ula, 33. /. cuml'num, i. re. cu'prum.i.re. From xi-xpoe. cur'cuma, 83. /. cuspa'ria, se./. From cits- pare or cuspa. South American names. cyan idus, a, um. From kvuioc, a blue substance. cyanogcn'Ium, i. re. From xuitvog, blue; and ytwua, I produce. cydo'nia, ae. /., the quince tree. xuJavix. cydo'nium, i. »., the quince. KvJceriov. cyml'num, i. re. xv/uttvoii. cynos'baton. i. re.; and cynos'batos, i. m. xuvir- 0O.TOV. cynanchum, i. re. From xvav, xi/io's, a dog; and uy%a, I strangle. cypB'rus, i. m. xuvupog. cyt'isus, i. e. xu-tla-og; and cytisum, m. daph'ne, es. / datu'ra, ae./ dau'eus, i. m. decoc'tum, i. re. delphl'nium, i. n. SthBlvioi. destilla/tus, a, um. di. From Sic, twice or dou- bled. A prefix to the names of some chemical compounds. It signifies that the base is doubled. diachylon, i. re. Almost universally pronounced diach'ylon, but more cor- rectly diachylon. From Sia, through; and ^.uaoc, juice. dian'thus, i. m. From S'toc, divine; and a vB 0 g, a/lower. dictam'nus, i. m. digita/lis, is. / dios'ma, as. /. From Sue, divine; and oa-ui, smell. dol'Ichos, i. m. Su/,i%£$. domes'tlcus, a, um. dure'ma, ae. /. From Soi- p.,/ux, a gift. dorsten'Ia, se. / From Dorsten, the name of a Germ in botanist. dryobal'anops, opis./. dulcama'ra, ae. /. PROSODIACAL VOCABULARY. 153 eb'iilus, i. /. eda'lis, e. elii'is. /. From ha!*, the oHve tree. el'aphus, i. m. "\a$0{. elat'erin, indecl. re. elate'rlum, i. n. lAaTtiPti* (SC. tapptaxiv.) electuU'rium, i. re. el'emi. indecl. elemif'erus, a, um. el'ephas, iintis. m. en'enia, atis. n. ergo'ta, as./. eri'ca, ae /. erlna'ceus, a, um. errhl'num, i. re. "pptrov. erythras'a, as. /. esculen'tus, a, um. eucalyp'tus, i. /. From fl, well; and xahinrru, I cover (as with a lid.) euge'nia, se. /. euphor'bia, as. /. The plant which yields eu- phorbium. euphor'bium, i. re. tu.^ar». galipse'a vel galipe'a, as./. A barbarous name, de- rived from Ga ipons, the French appellation of the Caribs. gal'la, se. /. gal'licus, a. um. galli'na, se. /. gal'lus, i. m. gargaris'ma, atis. re. gelatl'na, ae. f. genis'ta, as./. gentiii/na, a?. / gla'ber, bra, brum. 154 PR0S0DIACAL VOCABULARY. glyceri'na, 33. /. From y\u- xv'c vel yKvxtgis, sweet. glycyrrhi'za, as.,/. ywx.6g- grana'tus, a, um. gra'num, i. re. grati'ola, se. / grave'olens, ntis. guaia'cum, i. re. gum'mi, indecl. re. gyp'sum, i. re. yu^oc. hoematox'ylon, i. re. From ai/mx, blood; and |J/aov, wood. hebraden'dron, i. From t^ptioq Hebrew; and SLv- Spor, a tree. hed'era, as. /. heleu'ium, i. re. helleb'orus, i. m. helo'nias. /. From Iko;, a marsh. hemides'mus, i. m. From liuirrvc, half; andSts-ptog, a bond. he'par, atis. re. hepatlcus, a, um. hermodac'tylus, i. m. Ippto- JaxruhOf. hiera, ae. / hiru'do, inis,/ hor'deum, i. n. hyber'nus, a, um. hydrar'gyrum, i. n. CSp*p- yvpot. hy'dras, atis (see p. 144.) hydrio'das, litis (see p.144.) hydrochlo'ras, litis (see p. 144.) hydrochlo'ricus, a, um. hydrocyan'icus, a, um. hydrogen'ium, i. re. From iSa>p, water; and ytwa.ee, I beget. hydrosul'phas, atis (see p. 144.) hyoscy'amus, i. m. vco- xva pioc. hyper'Icum, i. re. hysso'pus, i. m. jalil'pa, se./. YvonxXalapa, the name of a province in South America. janl'pha, ae. / From Jani- pdba, a Brazilian word. jat'ropha (iat'ropha,) 33./. From ixTpnv, a remedy; and piyuv, to eat. juju'ba, ae. / junip'erus, i./. ichthyocol'la, ae. /. i%Quo- xoKXa. 'i'cica, ae. /. Mm, a South- American word. 'lex, I'licis. / llic'ium, i. re. mpu'rus, a, um. n'dicus, a, um. infecto'rius, a, um. PROSODIACAL VOCABULARY. 155 infla'tus, a, um. infa'sio, onis, /. infu'sum, i. re. iny'tbus, i. m. in'iila, ae. / iodin'ium, i. re. From ifftfji?, violet-coloured. io'didum, i. re. ipecacuan'ha, as. /. Ipe- caa-goene, a Brazilian word. ipomae'a, as. / i'ris, is vel idis. /. isa'tis, idis./. islan'dicus, a, um. ka/ii, indecl. re. ki'no, indecl. krame'ria, as. / lack'ryma, ae. / lactu'ca, ae./ lactuca/rium, i. re. la'danum, i. lani'ium, i. re. lanceola'tus, a, um. lancifo/lius, a, um. langs'dorf, fii. m. lapathum, i. re. lath'yris. xaBupog. laudanum, i. Commonly pronounced laud'anum. laure'ola, as. /. lau'rus, us vel i. /. lavan'dula, ae. / legu'men, inis. n. lentis'cus. i. / leon'todon, i. m. From \icev, a lion; and cSo6(, a tooth. li'chen, enis. m. lig'num, i. n. ll'lium, i. re. li'max, acis. / limet'ta, as. / limo'nes, um. m., lemons. limo'num, i. re., the lemon tree. H'num, i. re, liquidam'bar. re. lithar'gyrum, i. re. >.iBap- yvpog. li'quor, oris. m. lit'mus, i. m. lobelia, ae./. lo'lium, i. re. lon'gus, a, um. lumbrPcus, i. m. lupi'nus, i. m. lu'pulus, i. m. lii'te'olus, a, um. lu'teus, a,.um. lyc'ius, a, um, lycopod'ium, i. re. \vxir->- Sl3V. lyth'rum, i. re. From huBpcv, gore. lyt'ta, ae. /. ma'cer, mac'eris, mace. ma'cis, macidis,/.; ma'cis, is. m., mace. macroceph'alus, a, um. 156 PROSODIACAL VOCABULARY. From fjnnpi;, long; and xtpaf.il, the head. maculii'tus, a, um. magiste'rium, i. re. mag'nes, etis. m. From ptayvHC. magneVa, ae. /. magne'sium, i. re. magnct'Icus, a, um. magno'lin, as./. major2'na, ae./. malague'ta, ae. /. From Malaguette, the Portu- guese name for a country in Africa. malicor'ium, i. n. nial'va, as./. mandrag'ora, as. m. manganc'sium, i. re. man'na, as. /. maran'ta, as./. marit'Imus, a, um. marilan'dicus, a, um. mar'mor, oris. re. marrub'ium, i. re. mars, mar'tis. m. mas, ma'ris. m. nias'tiche, es./. inatrica'ria, 32. /. meco'nicus, a, um. /unxct- vixi;. meet/nine, indecl. From fitixwv, a poppy; fj.tx.oe- tiov, opium. med'icus. a, um. medicinalis. e. mel, mel'lis. n. melaleu'ca, ae. /. From ptiKctc, black; and xtuxog, white. melampod'ium. fj.txay.Trb- Suv. mellif'icus, a, um. me'lo, onis. m. inenisper'mum, i. re. From jtiijvx, the moon; and a-nlp- pta, seed. men'tha, 83. /. munyauth'es,/. From//il- ea, the moon; and citBoc, a flower. merciiria/lis, lis./. meze'reum, ei. re. millep'eda, 83. /. mindere'rus, i. m. min'ium, i. n. mi'nor, us. mi'nus, a, um. momor'dica, 33. /. mor'phia, a?./. From Mor- pheus, the god of sleep. mo'rum, i. n., a muberry. mo'rus, i. /., a mulberry tree. moscha'tus, a, um. moschif erus, a, um. mos'chus, i. 771. mucila'go, inis. /. mucu'na, 33. /. mu'rias, atis. /. (see 144.) muriat'icus, a, um. PROSODIACAL VOCABULARY. 157 myris'tica, 03. /. myris'ticus, a, um. myrr'ha, ae. /. myrosper'mum, i. re. From pivp'.v,perfume; ando-jrsp- pta, seed. myrox'ylon, i. re. From ptuptv, perfume; and %6- xcv, wood. myr'tus, i. /. napel'lus, i. m. nephro'dium, i. re. From wppoc, a kidney. nicotia/na, 33. / ni'ger, gra, grum. ni'tras, atis (see p. 145.) ni'tricus, a, um. ni'trum, i. re. virpov. no'bilis, e. nux, nucis, /. nymphse'a, se,/. oblongifo'lius, a, um. obova'tus, a, um. oc'tilus, i. m. offici'na, ae. / ol'ea, se. / ol'eum, i. n. olib'anum, i. re. oli'va, as. /. o'pium, i. re. From inis, juice. opobal'samum, i. n. opop'anax, acis. /. From oi-i;, juice; and xuvxl;, the plant which yields it. or'chis, is vel ios. /. '6px,tt. orig'anum, i. re. or'nus, i./. os'trea, ss. /. ova'tus, a, um. o'vis, is./. o'vum, i. n. oxal'icus, a, um. ox'alis, idis. /. l%*\tc. ox'ydum, i. re. oxygen'ium, i. re. From l%oc, acid; and ytvyx-u, I produce. ox'ymel, elis. re. oxysulphure'tum, i. re. palmii'tus, a, um. pa'nax, acis. / panicula/tus, a, um, papa'ver, eris, re. paregor'icus, a, um. 7r*p»- ycpixo;. parei'ra, se. / parieta'ria, se. / pas'sula, se. /. pastina'ca, se. / peduncula'tus, a, um. pe'po, onis. perfolia'tus, a, um. peruif erus, a, um. peruvia/nus, a, um. petrol'eum, i. re. phasia'nus, i. 77*. 14 158 PROSODIACAL VOCABULARY. phos'phas, atis (see p. 145.) phosphor'Tcus, a, um. phos'phorus, i. m. Qo■)]' Syr. simpl. . . . q. s. ut fiant pil. xx. Cap., per duas noctes, iv., et intermittat tertiam noctem; et sic pergat donee totum sumpserit. 257.—R Antim. Sesquiox. . . J}j Nitrat. Pot. . . • ;jj Pulv. Ipecac, co. . . gss Misceantur, et fiat pulv. tenuiss. in vij. partes aequales separand., quarum j. sing, horis ingeratur. 258.—Rep. pulv. hesterno die praescript. eodemque modo sumantur. 259.—R Cret. praep. . . . zj Pulv. Ipecac. . . gr. vj M. et fiat pulv. in chartul. ij. asqualiter dividend., qua- rum cap. j. horis octavis; et temporibus intermediis, si pulsus sit creber et fortis, bib. cochl. ij. mist. seq. 192 ABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. 260.—R Extr. Colocynth. . . zj Pulv. Scammon. . . gss M. Fiant pil. xx., quarum ij. deglutiantur hora decu- bitus; diluculo ut infra,— R Inf. Sennae . . gj 261.—R Hydrarg. Chlor. . . gr. xij Conf. Rosas . . . q. s. ut fiant. pil. xij., quarum sum. j. post ccsnam: mane et pomeridie sum. haust. purg. 262.—R Zinci Sulph. . . ^ss Pulv. Ipecac. . . gr. xv Fiat pulv. emet. statim sumend. Finita vomitorii operatione, cap. subinde cochl. ij. mist purg. 263.—R Pulv. Digital. . . gr. ss ----Acac. . . . k)j Fiat pulv. 4tis horis sumend., aegra interim conquie- scente et caput immotum tenente. 264.—R Hydrarg. c. Creta . gr. x Pulv. Tragaranth. . J^ss Fiat pulv. statim sumend., et exhibeatur sequenti luce portio purg. comm. 265.—R Pulv. Pot. Sulphat. . zj ----Rhei . . . j^j M. Fiat pulv. in pulmento vel in poc' seri lact. vinos sumend. 266.—R Pulv. Cinch. . . ~\j ----Cinnam. . . ~j M. Fiant pulv. xij., quorum cap. unurin quarta quaque hora, superbibendo vini cujuslibet haust. incipiend. immediate post paroxysm., interdicto interim enema- turn usu. 2fi~.—R Extr. Hyoscyam. . . zj Fiant pil. xij., quarum sumatur j. pro re nata, sub lang. vel singult. FORMS FOR POWDERS, PILLS, ETC 193 268.—R Sodae Potassio-Tart. . . Zjss Cret. praep. . . . zss M. Fiat pulv. in jus. avenae. tenuissimo sumend. 269.—R Pil. Aloes c. Myrrh. . . zjj Fiant pil. xxiv., e quibus ingerantur iij. unaquaque mane ac nocte. 270.—R Hydrarg. Subm. . . gr. iv. Sacch.....gr. vj. Pulv.....gr- ij. Conterant. sum. vespere in Gelatina Rihesiorum. 271.—R Zinci Sulph. • • • BJ Conf. Cynobasti . . q. s. ad pil. xx. fingend., quae deaurand. sunt. 272.—R Cret. praep. 9j Fiat pulv. vel, addend. Syr. Zingib., bolus, ad alvum con tr ah end., mane sumend. 273.—R Pil. Hydrarg. . . . 9ss Divide in ij. partes; sum. j. statim, alteram circa me- diam noctem. 274.—R Pulv. Ipecac. BJ Fiat pulv. emet., more soli to sumend. Operatione eme- tici peracta, cap. Pulv. Rhei T)j 275.—R Pulv. Calumb. zj ----Zingib. gr. xx M. omnia, quae dividant. in vj. dos. aequales, per vj. dies continuos mane sumend. tribus horis ante pastum. 276.—R 01. Croton. . . . gtt. xviij Pulv. Glycyrrhizae . . q. s. ut fiant pil. xxxvj., quarum exhibeantur ij. hora de- cubitus, quandoque alv. nimis solida fuerit, et augea- tur seu minuatur dos. pro ratione effect. 277.—R Pulv. Opii . • • • gr. j Conf. Ross gr. iv 17 194 ABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. Fiat bolus vesp. si perst. diarrhoea vel adsint torm. in- testin. capieud. 278.—R Jalap. Rad. pulv. . . 3.1 Pot. Bitart. . . . ^ij Seorsim ij. permisce. Dosis & 3"ss. ad gvj. maue. 279.—R Extr. Gentian. zv In pil. Ix. dividend. Dosis j. vel. ij. nocte maneque Btatim post cibum. CHAP. VI.—Forms for Linctuses, etc 280.—R 01. Tereb.....zjj Mel. despum. 3J M. Fiatlinct. Dosis cochl., parv., nocte et mane, cum haustu cujusvis potus tenuoris tepefact. 281.—R Conf. Sennse . . . -iv Sum. ad nucis juglandis magnitud. 2S2.—R Conf. Rossb . . . *ij Tinct. Opii . . . . ij Acid. Sulph. dil. . . . z^s Fiat electuarium, exacte invicem miscend. 283.—R Conf. Rosas can. . . . zjj Syr. Aurant. . . . Jzvj 01. Amygd.....'zj M. et fiat linct. in olla fictili mittend. 284.—R Oxymel. Scill. . . . ziij Syr. Papav. .... zvj Pulv. Tragac. co. . . . ^j M. Fiatlinct., cujue lambat seger pauxillum subinde. 285.—R Resin. Guaiac. . . . ~j Conf. Rosse .... Vj Syr. Aurant. . . . '£ s. FORMS FOR LINCTUSES, ETC. 195 ut fiat electuarium, de quo cap. quant, nucis mos- chatse majoris, bis indies. 283.—R Conf. Rosae §ij Acid. Sulph. dil. zj M. et fiat linct.; cap. quant, castaneae bis in die. 287.—IJ Conf. Sennse . . . 5iv Pulv. Pot. Bitart. . . .fss M. et fiat electuarium. Cap. quant, nucis avellan. vel mosch. subinde, vel ter in die paulo ante prandium. 288.—R Pulv. Cinch. . . . fj _ ----Serpent. . . . giij Syr. simpl. q. s. ut fiat electuarium, quod decedente paroxysm, totum capere debet asger, ante access, feb. sequentem. 289.—R Conf. Sennas . . . §j Fiat Linct. sumend. subinde lambendo. Mittatur in narthecio. 290.—R Conf. Rosos . . . . f j Alum. Pulv. . . • zj M. Impon. parvul. assiduo linguos, ut solutum ibi ob- linat et sic lente deglutiatur. 291.—R Pulv. Uvos Ursi . . • ~j Syr. Aurant. . . . • q- s. ut fiat electuarium, debitse spissitud. cujus mol. nucis mosch. bis in die, paulatim delingat. 2!.)2—R Acet. Colch.....^ij Mel......3*iv. M. et super leni foco, ssepius agitando cochl. lign. coque ad mellis spissitud. Hujus oxymellis sum. aeger cochl. parvul. ter die. 293.—R Menth. vir. fol. recent, . . £iv Sacch. purif. . . . . 3 xij fol. mortar, lapid. contunde, tum ajecto sacch. iterum contunde, donee corp. sitj. 196 ABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. 294.—R Hujus Conf. $iv Fiat bolus, statim sumend. et 3tiis horis repetcud. ur- gente osgritudine ventriculi. CHAP. VII.—Forms for External Applications, etc 295.—R Mic. Pan.....Ibj Liq. Plumbi Diacet. dil. . . q. s. ut madescat panis. 296.—R Conii Fol. exsicc. . . §j Coque ex aq. Oiiss. ad Oij. et cola, panni lanei hocce decoct, calido madefact., deinde expressi, parti affectse imponantur et sospius renoventur. 297.—Vespere utatur pediluv. tepido. 298.—R Ung. Hydrarg. fort. . gj Hujus ung. affricetur zj. femoribus inter, ante focum sing. noct. donee ptyahsmus cieatur. 299.—Fricetur corpus, hora, decubitus, aut lana, vel strigile. 300.—R Pyreth. Rad. contrit. Mastiches . . . aa zj Fiant lege artis, ad ignem, masticatoria duo; tencat osger ssepius in ore, et manducet hujusmodi medica- ment, expuatque salivam. 301.—Suffiet osger fauces ejus cum vapore ex Acid. Sulph. 3*ss. cui primum adjunctos fuerint Chi. Sod. ^ij. 302.—R Picis liquid. . . . 31SS Sulphur, sublim. . 5ss Cer. flav. . . . 3J Lento igne liquefac, ut fiat ung. FORMS FOR EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS, ETC. 197 303.—R 01. Olivos . . . =j_ Cer. alb. . . gij M. Fiat liniment, quocum illinantur partes denundse bis quotidie. 304.—Inhaletur pulmonibus iEther. Sulph. vapor ter quotidie. 305.—R Dauci Rad. . . . q. s. Coque in aq. ad aptam mollitiem, in pulp, deinde con- tunde. 306.—R Liq. Plumbi Acet. dil. Oj. Lintea quadru- plicata, hocce liquore frigido madefacta, partibus in- flara. applic. et ssepius renov. 307.—R Magn. Sulph. . . gj Jur. Aven. . . . Oss 01. Olivos . . . 3"ss. vel Butyri quant, juglandis. Misce pro enemate statim injiciend. 308.—Exscindatur pars morsa, et postea applicetur vulneri Pot. Fus. 309.—R Pulv. Asari ----Veratr. . a a zj Glycyrrhiz. . . . zjj M. Fiat pulv. cujus aliquantillum naribus insuffletur ante decubitum, ad sternut. excitand. 310.—Inungatur hypochondrio sinistro J}j. Una;. Hydrarg. fort. 11a hora ante meridiem et 4ta post meridiem indies. 311.—R Lap. Calamin. . . zj Eo conspergantur partes adfectse, sub qualibet deliga- tione. 312.—R Liq. Potassos . . . zj Aq. destill. . . . 3"vj 17* 198 ABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. M. Hujus liq. tepid, quantum cavo capi potest, quo- tidie bis injicintur, in aurem oegram supiuatam, ac de- tineatur per aliquot minuta, dein aure prona rursus emittatur. 313._R Oxyd. Zinci . . zj Fiat pulv. inclusus sindone rara excutiatur super parte excoriata, prius detersa. 314.—R Cret, prasp. . . . §j In partes excoriatas ex gossipio asperge. 315.—Admov. parti adjectse spong. aqua, calida im- buta. 316.—Vesica suiUa, aq. calida ad dimid. repleta ad- moveatur lateri dolenti; firmetur ligamine, tum super ponatur sacculus arena caledissima plenus, qui friges- cens iterum calefiat, aut ei mox substituatur alius jam calefact. Continuentur hsoc donee dolor remis. 317.—Cataplasma calid. irrorat. prius tantillo Sp. Camph. applicetur cum pannis laneis parti adfect. et vesica suilla oleo madefactiidetineatur; renov. quolibet trihorio. 318.—Admoveatur calidum cataplasma parti affect. cum panno linteo quadruplic. 319.—R Ung. Hydrarg. Nitric. Oxyd. ---- Resin. . . . aa 3ss M. Fiat ung. quo leniter inungatur locus adfect. ac dein tegatur emplast. plumbi, super alut. extens. 320.—R Hydrarg. Chlor. . . zj Adip. Suillse . . 3*j M. Super pann. lint, extende, et cut'i affect, applica. 321.—Hauriatur vap. calid. ope infundib. in fauces. 322—R Pulv. Opii . . . .zss Ung. Cetacei . . 3J FORMS FOR EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS, ETC 199 M. Fiat ung. Hujus pauxillo inungatur locus umbi- lici subinde; aut magnit. dimid. juglandis nucis, puta- mine decerpto, eidem loco adponatur. 323.—R Linim. Sap. . . . gj Liq. Ammon. . . ^iv Tinct. Opii . . . zj M. In languore aut paroxysmo hysterico illinatur na- ribus, temporibus etc. hujus linim. paululum. 324.—R Hydrarg. Bichlor. . gr. x Acid. Hydrochl. . . .zss Aq. Rosas . . • 5X- M. Tantillo hujus liq. lavent. mane et vespere partes infest. 325.—R Pulp. Coloc. zj 01. Olivar.....3J M. et coque leni igne donee pulpa torqueri videatur; dein massam adhuc calent. cola, et cum ea, illinatur ab- dom. et prsecipue umbil. regio. 328.—R Zinci Oxyd. . . . ' zj Aq. Rosas .... 5 viij M. Fiat collyrium, quo concusso imbutum lint, quad- ruplicat. imponatur oculo adfecto. 327.—R Ung. Hydrarg. Nitrat.. . |j Cerat. Sapon. . . . 3SS M. Hujus tantillo illinantur palpebroe omni vespere, cubitum ituro ope plumse mollis. 328.—R Tinct. Canthar. . . . ^ss Linim. Sapon. . . . 3iss M. Fiat linim. quo partes adfectae perfricandas sunt, et postea tegantur lanula. 329.—R Camph.....zj 01. Amygd.....3J M. et instilla gutt. iv. auri p. r. n. 200 ABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. 330.—R Extr. Opii . . . . gr. x Tinct. Castor zj M. et applicetur paululum auri affectae omni nocte cum gossipio. 331.—R Linim. Sapon. 3*j Tinct. Opii zj M. Fiat linim. cum panno laneo faucibus extern, ap- plicand. 332—R 01. Amygd.....=j Camph. zj M. pro linim. quocum tangantur papillse ter quaterve in die. 333.—R Acid. Sulph. dil. . . . zj Sol. Alum. co. . . . 3 ss Aq. pur.....3vj Probe commisc. Indatur nari ex qua sanguis s:illat, tu- runda ex lint, raso, humect, hoc liq. et relinquend. illic per dies ij. 334.—R Flor. Samb.....Ibij Coque in Aq. Ibiv. Fovcant. eo decoct, ssepius in die, caput, facies oculi, aliosque part, erysipel. tentatsc. 335.—R Decoct. Hord. . . . Ibss Magn. Sulph. . . . ^ij Fiat enema, urgente tenesmo, injiciend. 336.—R Tinct. Lyttse . . . ziv Liq. Ammon. . . . 3 j Liuim. Sapon. ... zij M. Fiat linim. quo guttur et postera pars colli perfri- canda sunt, donee vesicse appareant, dein desist, per diem et applica Ung. Cetacei. 337.—R Farin. Lini .... p.j Aq. bull. q. s. FORMS FOR EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS, ETC. 201 ut fiat cataplasm, admov. calide loco adfecto; renov. quater de die; cumarescat tantillo butyriinsuls. emol. 338.—Admov. lintea aq. frigida, madefact. vel, si fieri possit, glacies raso capiti. 339.—R Mic. Panis Biij Tinct. Lyttse . . . gij Decoct. Papav. q. s. ut fiat cataplasma. Applica hoe ad cutem per horae dimid. aut tamdiu donee inflammationem satis magnam excitat. dolor fervid, et rubor partis tumen. testentur. 340—R Calamin. Pulv. |j Cret. prsep. . . . gss Fiat. pulv. Intra linteum consutum applicetur, reno- vando simul ac maduerit. 341._R Pulv. Opii . . . • gr. v Saponis zj M. et fiat suppositorium, post alvum exoneratam ap- plicand. 342.—Foveant. gingiv. Aq. calida. 343—R Inf. Rosse . . . . gvj Acid. Sulph. dil. zj M. Colluantur fauces hoc gargarism. 344—R Ol. Olivse .... .5j Liq. Potassae gij M. Fiat linim. hujus pauxillo oblinatur abdoin. bis terve quotidie. 345—R Magn. Sulph. gj Tinct. Opii .... gtt. xxv. Jusc......Ihss Fiat enema. Injic. hora somni tertia quaque noct. ad tres vices, dein repet. alt. noctibus usque ad quart, vi- cem, si opus sit. 202 ABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. 346.—R Ung. Hydrarg. Nitr. . . Sss ----Cetacci 3J M. Hujus ung. pauxillum, ope penicilli camel., oculo affecto applic. nocte et mane. 347—R Alum......9J Cret. prsep.....zj M. diligentissime, ut fiat pulv., cujus inspergatur pauxillum super mamillas p. r. n. 348.—Admoveatur Extr. Belladon. supercilio et re- gioni supraorbit. vespere. 349.—R Hydrarg. Chlor. gr. ij Sacc. Alb.....>}j Fiat pulv., cujus parum infletur, ope calami, in ocu- lum affect, semel vel bis in die. 350.—R Rad. Dauci .... llvj Coque in aq. q. s. et per setaceum trajice pulpam, cui adde 33s. adipis, ut fiat cataplasma calide adhibend. 351.—Vespere appropinq., si opus sit, iDJiciatur clysma heri prosscript. 352.—Fiat setaceum ad med. brach. 353.—Foveantur artus cum decoct. Anthem. 354.—R Conii Fol. . . . -ij Aq. ferv. . . . h)ij C' datura sit pro fotu, qui cum pannis laneis parti affect. admov. mane horis duabus, antequam e lecto assurgat, et nocte post decubitum, donee symptoma penitus eva- nuerit. 355.—R Tinct. Opii . zj Linim. Sapon. . . z j Fiat linim. cum quo bene fricentur tempora et detons caput, 356.—Inhalet sing. noct. in lecto vaporem Aq. calid. cui tempore usus adde cochl. ij. min. ./Ether, rect. FORMS FOR EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS, ETC. 203 357.—Explor. vesica urinar. ope catheteris, et ex- trahatur urina. 358.—Colluantur os et gingiv. bis terve in die cum Tinct. Myrrh, gtt. xx. in aq. tepid, cyatho. 359.—R Hydrarg. Oxyd. cin. . . J^j. vel --------Bisulphuret . . zss Fiat pulv. pro fumigatione faucibus intern, omni nocte more solito adhibend. 360.—Fiat font, crure infra vel supra genu. 361.—Instituat. paracentesis abdom. et educ. aq. 362.—Affricetur parti affect, sing. noct. Ung. Hy- drarg. fort, magnit. fabse equina, deinde applicetur cataplasma ex Liq. Plumbi Acet. dil., Mica Panis et Farina Lini. 3(53.—R Argent. Nitrat. . . . J}j Aq. destill. . . . §vj Fiat Mist, et cum hac illinantur part, affect, sing. noct. hora somni prius deters.; vel linteum in eadem made- fiat et per totam noctem gestetur. 364.—Utatur balneo, ad grad. nonagesim. calefacto, bis in septim. 365.—R Fel. Bov. . . . |ij 01. Amygd. . . . gss M. Fiant guttos acoust. bis die applicand. 306.—Utatur osger equit. subinde, si fieri possit. 307.—Mittatur fist arm. 368.—R Zinci Sulph. . . J}j Aq. pur. . . . |vj M. Fiat inject, quae ex syph. eburn. in urethram injiciatur mane et nocte. 204 ABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. 369.—R Liq. Ammon. Acet. . zj Ammon. Hydrochl. . zjj Aq. . - . . . lbj Fiat lotio, nocte cubitum ituro tumoribus applicand. Mitte Ibij. cum directione propria. 870.—Fiat fonticulus purul. ad med. brachium, ope Pot. fus. 371.—Caute tangantur clavi Acid. Sulph. ope peni- cilli, dein tegantur Emplast. Plumbi. 372.—R Ung. Oetacei . . |j Pulv. Opii . . . 9SS Fiat ung. cujus paululum p. r. n. applicetur, urgente ani prurigine. 373.—R Linim. Camph. . . ^iss Tinct. Canth. . .3 s3 M. Fiat linim. quocum fricetur pars affecta ter qua- terve indies. 374.—R Nicotianse . . . zj Aq. comm. . . . 6j Coque per sext. part, horse et cola; adde liquori Sodae Sulph. . . ^ij Solve et fiat enema statim injiciend. contra insult. apoplect. vel affectus soporosos adhibend. 375.—Mitte Emplast. Galb. super alutam inducend. 376.—Adhib. lav. frigid, vel tepid, prout osgro gra- tius erit. 377.—Capilli radant. et caput postea panniculo lo- tione frigida, imbut. circumdet. 378.—R Hydrarg. Bichlor. . gr. x Aq. pur. . . . 3X M. Hoc liquore, ter de die, injiciatur ulcus ope siph.; post sing, inject, materia relinq. intra ulcus et coerc. per dimidium horos, claus. omn. apertur., tumque ex- FORMS FOR EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS, ETC 205 terne prem. leniter ulcus ut liq. eject, per omn. sinus et meatus propell. 379.—R Dec. Mai. comp. (c. Foenic. Semin. cont. zjij.) §xiv Ft. enem. statim tepide injiciend. Jan. vj°. 18 PART III. UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS, WITH LITEHAL TRANSLATIONS; FORMING A KEY TO PART II. CHAP. I.—Forms for Blood-Letti.ng. 1.—Detrahatur e brachio sanguis ad uncias decem statim. Let blood be immediately drawn from the arm to ten ounces. 2.—Fiat venacsectio, ut fluant sanguinis uncias quin- que. Let venesection be performed, that five ounces of blood may flow. 3.—Opus est venam cubiti secare, ut sanguis fluat ad uncias decem. It is necessary to cut a vein of the arm, that blood may flow to ten ounces. 4.—Ad recidivum prascavendum, detrahatur sanguis pro re nata. To prevent a relapse, let blood be occasion- ally drawn. 5.—Extrahatur sanguis pleno rivo, ad uncias sex, quamprimum. Let blood be taken away as soon as possible, in a full stream, to six ounces. 6. Emitte sansuinis uncias sexdecim saltern, vel ad deliquium. Take away at least sixteen ounces of blood, or to fainting. FORMS FOR BLOOD-LETTING. 207 7.—Dimove sanguinem, per saltum, ad uncias decem vel ultra. Remove blood by leaps, to ten ounces or more. 8.—Detrahantur ex arteria temporali sanguinis uncias sex, quamprimum. Let six ounces of blood be drawn as soon as possible from the temporal artery. 9.—Mittatur sanguis illico ex largo vulnere ad uncias decem, vel donee aeger pallescat vel languescat. Let blood be immediately taken from a large wound (i. e. orifice) to ten ounces, or until the patient becomes pale or faint. 10.—Repetatur sanguinis detractio, et localis et ge- neralis. Let the bloodletting, both local and general, be repeated. 11.—Iterum fiat venaasectio ad defectionem animi. Let venesection be again performed to fainting. 12.—Sanguis eodem modo quo ante iterum mittendus est, vero ad uncias sexdenas. Blood is to be again drawn, in the same manner as before, but to sixteen ounces. 13.—Pertundatur vena brachii, et detrahatur sanguis ad uncias viginti, vel usque ut liquerit animus. Let a vein of the arm be opened [literally, bored or heat through^] and blood be drawn to twenty ounces, or to fainting. 14___Repetatur venaesectio ad tres alias vices ad eandem quantitatem, tribus diebus sequentibus quando dolor et respirandi difficultas suadeant. Let venesection be repeated to the same quantity, three other times, on the three following days, when the pain and difficulty of breathing require it. 15.—Die sequenti celebretur iterum venaesectio ad eandem qua antea quantitatem. On the following day let venesection be again performed, to the same quantity as before. 16.—Mittatur sanguis e brachio ad uncias duodecim 208 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. quamprimum, ac postea ex vena, jugulari ad unciaa octo. Let blood be taken from the arm to twelve ounces as soon as possible, and afterwards from the jugular vein to eight ounces. 17.—Sanguis denu5 mittendus est ad uncias decem tantum. Blood is to be again taken to ten ounces only. 18.—Mittatur sanguis de novo, et repetatur ad animi fere deliquium. Let blood be again taken away, and (the operation) repeated almost to fainting. 19.—Extrahatur sanguis e brachio; et eodem die post aliquot horas, vel die sequenti duabus horis post leve prandium, capiat pulverem emeticum. Let blood be drawn from the arm; and on the same day, after [i. e. at the expiration of] a few hours, or on the fol. lowing day, two hours after a light dinner, let the patient take an emetic povjder. 20.—Si primae venaesectioni non cedat morbus, tum repetatur; et nondum cessante, ad duas alias vices celebretur, interposito semper die uno. If the disease should not yield to the first blood-letting, then let it be repeated ; and not giving way [i. e. if the disease do not tjien yield,] let it [the blood-letting] be again per- formed twice, one day always intervening [i. e. between the blood-lettings.] 21.—Necnon admoveantur cucurbitulas cum ferro nuchas capitis; mittatur sanguis ad uncias duodecim. Also let the cupping-glasses, with the scarificator, be applied to the nape of the neck, and let blood be taken away to ten ounces. 22.—Statim abradatur capillitium, et applicentur cucurbitulas cruentae nuchae. Let the hair [of the head] be immediately shaved off, and the bloody cupping- glasses [i. e. the cupping-glasses with the scarificator] be applied to the nape of the nee/:. 23.—Accommodentur cucurbitulas cum ferro sub aurem lateris affecti, et mittatur sanguis ad uncias FORMS FOR BLOOD-LETTING. 209 quatuor. Let the cupping-glasses with the scarificator be applied under the ear of the affected side, and let the Hood be drawn to four ounces. 24.—Admoveantur cucurbitulas cum scarificatione parti thoracis dolenti pro re nata, et exsugatur sanguis ad uncias octo. Let the cupping-glasses with the sca- rificator be occasionally applied to the painful part of the chest, aiid blood be drawn to eight ounces. 25.—Semel in septimana applicentur temporibus utrinque hirudines tres. Once a week let three leeches be applied to both temples. 26.—Hirudines viginti quatuor statim lumbis admo- veantur et quando remotae sunt, cataplasma emolliens applicetur. Let twenty-four leeches be immediately applied to the loins, and when they are removed, let an emollient poultice be applied. 27.— Admoveantur hirudines tres singulis tempo- ribus, si adsit dolor capitis. Let three leeches be ap- plied to each temple, if there be pain of the head. 28.—Applicentur jugulo hirudines quatuor, et post fluxum sanguinis applicetur emplastrum lyttas. Let four leeches be applied to the fore part of the neck, and after the flux of blood [i. e. when the bleeding has ceased] let a blister be applied. 29.—Detrahantur ex ischio affecto, et partibus adja- centibus, ope cucurbitularum cum scarificatione san- guinis unciae sex. Let six ounces of blood he drawn from the affected ischium and adjacent parts by means of the cupping-glasses with scarification. 30.—Applicentur adversum renes hirudines duodecim vel cucurbitulas cruentas, ut extrahuntur sanguinis uncias duodecim. Let twelve leeches, or the bloody cupping- glasses [i. e. the cupping-glasses with the scarificator,] be applied opposite the kidneys, that twelve ounces of blood may be extracted. 31.—Convulsione redeunte, haud aliter, detrahatur 18* 210 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. sanguis per cucurbitulas tres. If the convulsion should return, not otherwise, let blood be drawn by three cup- ping-glasses. 32.—Si dolor perstiterit ad latus, mittantur sanguinis uncias viginti e brachio. If the pain should continue at the side, let twenty ounces of blood be taken from the arm. 33.—Sanguisugae tres fronti imponantur. Let three leeches be applied to the forehead. 34.—Admoveatur cucurbitula sicca regioni hepatis. Let a dry cupping-glass [i. e. the cupping-glass with- out the scarificator] be applied to the region of the liver. CHAP. II.—Forms for Blisters, etc. 35.—Adhibe emplastrum cantharidis tumori in ala dextra, per spatium duodecim horarum, vel donee in vesicam manifesto epidermis elata sit. Apply a plas- ter of cantharides to the tumour i?i the right arm-pit, for the space of twelve hours, or until the cuticle is manifestly raised into a blister. 36.—Applicetur abdomini emplastrum lyttse super alutam satis latam extensum. Let a plaster of can- tharides, spread on leather sufficiently large, be applied to the belly. 37—Admoveatur parti thoracis superiori emplas- trum lyttae, et post vesicationem applicetur ceratum sabinas, ut ulcus perpetuum fiat. Fluxu cessante utatur sequenti:— Recipe, Cerati Sabinae, Unguenti Lyttas partes asquales. Let a plaster of cantharides be applied to the upper part of the chest; and after vesication, let savin cerate be applied, that a permanent ulcer may be produced. The FORMS FOR BLISTERS, ETC 211 discharge ceasing [i. e. when the discharge ceases,] let the patient use the following. 38.—Admoveatur tela vesicatoria (ad exemplar) ex- ternae parti gutturis. Let a blistering cloth (accord- ing to pattern) be applied to the external part of the throat. 39.—Admoveatur capiti raso unguentum cantharidis, usque ad vesicationem. Let the ointment of can- tharides be applied to the shaven head, until vesication (is produced.) 40.—Admoveatur prope cartilaginem thyroideam utrinque, emplastrum lyttae. Let a plaster of can- tharides be applied on each side near the thyroid carti- lage. 41.—Abradatur capillitium et admoveatur toti capiti sericum vesicans. Let the hair (of the head) be shaved off, and a blistering taffeta applied to the whole head. 42.—Applicetur prope articulum femoris superiorem emplastrum lyttse, super quod drachma pulveris lyttas inspergenda est. Let a plaster of cantharides, upon which a drachm of the powder of cantharides has been sprinkled, be applied near the upper joint of the thigh. 43.—Si valde urgeant dyspnoea, applicetur emplas- trum lyttae, et fiat ulcus perpetuum ope unguenti sa- binas. If the difficulty of breathing be very trouble- some, let a plaster of cantharides be applied, and let a permanent ulcer be produced by means of savin oint- ment. 44.—Recipe, Emplastri Galbani compositi, unciam dimidiam. ------Resinae, uncias duas. Misce. Fiat emplastrum super alutam extendendum, quo pedes involvantur post pediluvium. Mix. Let a plaster be made to be spread upon leather, in which [i. e. in the plaster] the feet are to be wrapped after the use of the foot-bath. 212 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. 45.—Imponatur nuchas capitis, vel suris externis, emplastrum lyttae. Let a plaster of cantharides be. ap- plied to the nape of the neck, or to the external [i.e. the superficial] part of the calves (of the legs.) 46.—Emplastrum lyttae collo imponatur qua dolet. Let a plaster of cantharides be applied to the neck, where it is i?i pain [i. e. the painful part of the neck.] 47.—Admoveatur pannus vesicatorius lateri sinistro. Let a blistering cloth be applied to the left side. 48.—Adhibeatur emplastrum epispasticum, satis am- plum et acre, inter scapulas. Let a blistering plaster, sufficiently large and acrid, be applied between the shoulders. 49.—Recipe, Lyttarum in pulverem tenuissimum tritarum, drachmam Camphorae Pulveris, drachmam Cpra3 flavae Sevi prasparati, ana, drachmam Adipis prasparati, scrupulos duos. Cera, sevo et adipe simul liquefactis, paulo antequam concrescant Lyttas et Camphoram insperge, atque om- nia misce ut fiat emplastrum epispasticum regioni je- coris applicandum. The wax, suet, and lard, being melted together, sprinkle the cantharides and camphor upo7i them a short time before they concrete, anil mix them altogether, that a blistering plaster may be made, to be applied to the region of the liver. 50.—Admoveatur charta vesicatoria occipiti. Cu- retur pars exulcerata unguento sabinae. Let a blister- ing paper be applied to the occiput. Let the blistered part be dressed with savin ointment. 51.—Nata humoris detractio ab emplastro lyttas, si res postulaverit, promoveatur. If it should be required, let the discharge of fluid, produced by the plaster of cun- tho.rides, be promoted. 52.—Emplastra duo vesicatoria brachiis internis in- FORMS FOR BLISTERS, ETC. 213 fra cubitos quamprimum imponantur. Let two blisters be immediately applied to the inner part of the arms be- low the elbows. 53-—Admoveatur taffeta vesicatoria genu, et fluxus postea eliciatur ope unguenti sabinae. Let a blistering taffeta be applied to the knee, and afterwards let a dis- charge be excited by means of savin ointment. 54.—Ceratum lyttae partibus excoriatis imponatur, ut natus humor ab emplastro lyttae promoveatur. Let the cerate of cantharides be applied to the excoriated part, that the fluid produced by the blister may be pro- moted. 55.—Recipe, Pulveris Euphorbii, scrupulum dimi- dium Cerati Sabinae, unciam Emplastri Thuris, unciam dimidiam Simul bene contritis, sit emplastrum scuto pectoris. Having well incorporated them, let a plaster be made for the defence of the breast. 56.—Fiat fonticulus ex parte vesicatorii ope unguenti sahinas. Let an issue [i. e. discharge] be made from the place of the blister [i. e. from the blistered part] by means of savin ointment. 57.—Recipe, Ammonias Hydrochloratis, drachmam Saponis duri, drachmas duas Emplastri Plumbi, unciam dimidiam Emplastrum et saponem simul liqua, et paulo antequam concrescant immisce salem in pulverem tenuem tritum. Extensum super alutam, parti affectae quamprimum ap- plicetur, et pro re nata repetatur. Melt the plaster and soap together, and a little while before they harden, ad- mix the salt rubbed into a fine powder. Let it [i. e. the mixture] be spread on leather, and immediately applied to the part affected, and repeated occasionally. 58.—Caput tonderi debet et emplastro vesicatorio circumcirca tegi. The head ought to be shaved, and covered round about with a blistering plaster. 214 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. 59.—Applicetur regioni singulorum renum emplas- trum lyttas parvum (magnitudinis nummi semicoronas.) Let a small plaster of cantharides (of the size of a half- crown piece) be applied to the region of each of the kid- neys. CHAP. III.—Form for Mixtures, etc. 60.—Recipe, Vini Aloes, drachmas duas Infusi Sennas unciam cum semisse Magnesias Sulphatis, drachmas quatuor Misce. Hujus capiat unciam hora septima matutina; et circiter horam decimam, partem reliquam sumat, si opus fuerit. Mix. Of this let the patient take an ounce at seven o'clock in the morning, and the remain- der at ten o'clock, if there be occasion,. 61.—Recipe, Liquoris Ammonias Acetatis, uncias tres cum semisse Vini Antimonii Potassio-Tartratis, drachmas duas Tinctura Cardamomi compositac, drachmas duas Aquae Menthas piperitas, uncias duas Fiat mistura, cujus uncias duoe omni horae quadrante calide sorbeantur, durante frigore. Let a mixture be made, of which, let two ounces be taken vjarm every quarter of an hour during the chilliness. 62.—Recipe, Tincturae Valeriana-, uncias duas Detur fluidrachma una subinde, e cochleare magno, Infusi Radicis Valerianae sylvestris, sub forma theae parati. Let a fluidrachm be given now and then in a table-spoon- ful of the infusion of the wild valerian, prepared in the form of tea. 63.—Recipe, Misturas Amygdalae, uncias quatuor Syrupi Scillae, drachmas tres Tincturae Opii, guttas quadragintaquod FORMS FOR MIXTURES, ETC. 215 unciatim sumatur, tussi admodum ingravescente. Let this be taken, ounce by ounce [i. e. in ounce doses,] when the cough is very troublesome. 64.—Recipe, Infusi Gentianae compositi, uncias sex Magnesiae Sulphatis, unciam Capiat cochlearia tria magna post jentaculum et post prandium quotidie. Let the patient take daily three table-spoonfuls after breakfast and dinner. 65.—Recipe, Liquoris Ammonias Acetatis, uncias duas Aquas Menthasviridis, uncias tres cum semisse Syrupi Croci, drachmas duas Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici, drachmas duas Misce. Cochlearia duo magna secundishoris sumantur, durante febre, saepius vel radius pro impetus ratione; et absente febre, Pulv. Cinchon. ut ante. Mix. Let two table-spoonfuls be taken every two hours during the fever more or less frequently according to the vio- lence of the fit [i. e. the ague fit;] and, when the fever is absent, let the powder of cinchona [be taken] as be- fore. 66.—Recipe, Foliorum Rose, unciam Aquse ferventis, uncias octo Stent per horam; colatur3s adde Succi Limonum, Sac- chari albi. ana, quantum sufficit, ad gratam acerbita- tem dulcedinemque. Let them stand during an hour; to the strained [liquor] add a sufficient quantity of lemon-juice and white sugar to give an agreeable acidi- ty and sivrtness. 67.'--Recipe, Antimonii Potassio-Tartratis, grana sex Aquas puras, drachmas quatuor Syrupi Rhceados, drachmam Misce. Cap;at cochleare minimum subinde, ad nause- 216 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS, am vel vomitum promovendum. Mix. Let the patient take a small [i. e. tea-] spoonful from time to time to promote nausea or vomiting. 68.—Recipe, Sodas Subcarbonatis, drachmas duas cum semisse Crystallorum Tartari, drachmas tres Aquas purae, uncias octo Stent in lagena bene obturata, per triduum, et deinde sit in promptu pro potu cathartico. Let them stand in a bottle well stoppered for three days, and then be in readiness for a cathartic drink. 69.—Recipe, Sodas Bicarbonatis, drachmas duas Ferri Sulphatis, grana tria Magnesias Subcarbonatis, drachmam, Aquae purse, octarium dimidium Acidi Sulphurici diluti, fluidrachmas decem Infundatur primum lagenas nqua, dein immittantur Sa- lina, et denique Acidum sulphuricum; illico obturetur lagena, et in loco frigido servetur. First let the water be poured into the bottle, then let the salts be put in, and lastly, the sulphuric acid; let the bottle be immediately stoppered, and kept in a cool place. 70.—Recipe, Decocti Lichenis, octarium Sumat aeger poculum omni bihorio. Let the patient take, a cupful every two hours. 71.—Recipe, Magnesias Carbonatis, drachmam Aquaj Menthas sativae, uncias sex Tincturas Opii, drachmam Misce. Sumat cochlearia duo dum flatus infestat. Mix. Let the patient take two spoonfuls when flatulence is troublesome. 72.—Capiat cochlearia duo ampla Aquas Mrnthas pi- perita;, omni hora, donee singultus et nisus ad vomitum cessaverint. Let the patient take two table-spoonfuls of peppermint water crery hour, until the hiccup and attempts to vomit shall have ceased. FORMS FOR MIXTURES, ETC 217 73.—Recipe, Tincturae Digitalis, drachmas tres Acidi Hydrocyanici, guttas viginti Misce. Hujus capiat guttas viginti ter die, ex cyatho aquae frigidae, dosin sensim augendo, prout caput aut ventriculus ferre queat. Let the patient take twenty drops of this mixture three times a-day in a glass of cold, water, the dose to be gradually increased accord- ing as the head or the stomach can bear it. 7 1.—Recipe, Magnesiae Carbonatis, drachmam Pulveris Rhei, grana quindecim Aquas Anethi, unciam cum semisse Misce. Fiat julepum, cujus unum cochleare minimum infantulo lactenti detur secundis horis, phiala agitata. Mix. Let a julep be made of which let one tea-spoon- ful be given to the sucking infant every two hours, the bottle being shaken. 75.—Recipe, Misturae Ammoniaci, uncias Tincturae Opii, drachmam axem Misce. Capiat cochlearia duo magna statim; iterentur post horam, si tussis accrevit. Let the patient take two table-spoonfuls immediately; let them be repeated in an hour, if the cough should increase. 76.—Recipe, Decocti Hordei, uncias decem Olei Olivffi, uncias duas Mucilaginis Acaciae, unciam Tere oleum cum mucilagine donee probe coiverint, turn sensim adde decoctum, ut fiat enema. Interdum addere liceat Magnesiae Sulphatis unciam. Rub the oil with the mucilage until they are well combined, then gradu- ally add the decoction that an enema may be made. Sometimes we may add an ounce of sulphate of mag- nesia. 77.—Recipe, Spiritus Ammoniae Aromatici, drach- mam Tincturae Assafcetidae, unciam dimi- diam 218 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. Syrupi Croci, unciam dimidiam Aquae Cinnamomi, unciam Misce. Exhibe cochleare parvum ter quaterve de die, vel saspius, urgente convulsione vel spasmo. Mix. Give a tea-spoonful three or four times a-day, or oftener, if the convulsion, or spasm should be troublesome. 78.—Recipe, Infusi Kramerias, uncias sex Tincturae Opii, drachmam Fiat mistura, cujus sumantur cochlearia tria magna post singulus dejectiones liquidas. Let a mixture be made, of which let three table-spoonfuls be taken after every liquid evacuation. 79.—Recipe, Sodae Sulphatis, unciam cum semisse Sodas Phosphatis, unciam Syrupi Rhamni, drachmas quatuor Aquae Menthas Piperitae uncias sex Misce. Sumat unciam statim, et repetatur dosis post horas duas nisi alvus prius responderit. Mix. Let the patient take tioo table-spoonfuls immediately, and let the dose be repeated in two hours, unless the bowel be previously relieved. 80.—Recipe, Tinctura Hyoscyami, drachmam cum semisse / Potassaj Acetatis, drachmas quatuor Syrupi Croci, drachmas duas Aquas Anisi, uncias sex Fiat mistura, cujus sumantur cochlearia duo vel tria minima bis terve in die, vel ut opus sit. Let a mix- ture he made, of which let two or three tea-spoonfuls be taken twice or thrice a-day, or as there may be occasion. 81.—Recipe, Ipecacuanhas Radicis Pulveris, drach- mam cum semisse Potassa; Bitartratis, drachmam Aquas ferventis, fluiduncias tres cum semisse Macera per horam integram, dein cola et adjice Syrupi, fluidunciam dimidiam FORMS FOR MIXTURES, ETC. 219 Misce. Detur semiuncia vel cochleare amplum omni semihora, donee vomitum proritaverit. Macerate du- ring an hour, the?i strain, and add half an ounce of syrup. Mix. Let half an ounce, or a table-spoonful, be given every half-hour, until it shall have produced vomiting. 82.—Recipe, Tincturae Opii, drachmam Misturae Cretae, uncias sex Misce. Capiat cochlearia duo magna omni quadrante horae donee leniatur dolor. Mix. Let the patient take two table-spoonfuls every quarter of an hour until the pain is alleviated. 83.—Recipe, Decocti Aloes compositi, uncias qua- tuor Soda Sulphatis, unciam cum semisse Misce. Cochlearia duo ampla intermissionis tempore sumantur, ita ut purgatio ex toto cessaverit ante acces- sum paroxysmi. Mix. Let two table-spoonfuls be taken i?i the time of intermission, so that the purgation shall have ceased before the accession of the paroxysm. 84.—Recipe, Sodos-Potassio-Tartratis, uncias duas Aquas Menthse sativoe, uncias octo Misce. Capiat cochlearia duo ampla omni bihorio, ad sedes promovendas. Mix. Let the patient take two ta- ble-spoonfuls every tivo hours to promote stools. 85.—Recipe, Plumbi Acetatis, grana quatuor Aquas destillatos, uncias quatuor Syrupi Papaveris, drachmas tres Misce. Capiat cochleare amplum mane quotidie; re- petatur dosis ad tres vices, et deinde capiat seger haus- tum aliquem purgantem. Mix. Let the patient take one table-spoonful daily in the morning ; let the dose be re- peated three other times, and then let the patient take some purging draught. 86.—Recipe, Magnesias Sulphatis, unciam et se- missem 220 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. AcidiSulphurici diluti, drachman cum semisse Aquos Menthos piperitse, uncias sex. Syrupi Rhceados, drachmas duas Misce. Hujus misturse sumantur cochlearia quatuor omnibus tribus horis, donee venter rite solutus fue- rit. Mix. Of this mixture let two table-spoonfuls be taken every three hours, tmtil the belly shall have been thoroughly opened. 87.—Recipe, Infusi Sennse, unciam Magnesias Sulphatis, semiunciam Misce. Capiat quarta quaque die. Mix. Let the pa- tient lake (it) every fourth day. Recipe, Tincturse Valerianos, drachmas duaa Spiritus Ammonia; fcetidi, drachmas duas Aquas purse, uncias duas Misce. Capiat cochlearia magna duo in langunribus, prascipue diebus purgationi deditis. Mix. Let the pa- tient lake two table-spoonfuls in languors, especially on the days appropriated to the purgation. 88.—Recipe, Misturse Amygdalae, uncias sex Tincturse Opii, semidrachmam Misce. Capiat cochlearia magna duo quarta quaque hora si tussis increbuerit. Mix. Let the patient take two table-spoonfuls every fourth hour, if the cough shoidd occur frequently. 89.—Recipe, Antimonii Potassio-Tartratis, grana tria Infusi Sennse, uncias tres Aquas Pimentos, uncias quatuor Misce. Repetantur cochlearia duo ampla omni semi- hora, donee supervenerit vomitus vel alvus dejecerit. Mix. Let two table-spoonsfuls be repealed every half-hour until vomiting comes on, or until the bowel shall have acted. FORMS FOR MIXTURES, ETC. 221 90.—Recipe, Tincturae Jalapas, drachmas quatuor Potassas Sulphatis, unciam dimidiam Aquas Menthae, uncias sex Misce. Sumat cochlearia majora duo omni quadrante horas, donee alvus copiose responderit. Mix. Let the patient take two table-spoonfuls every quarter of an hour, until the bowel shall have acted sufficiently. 91.—Recipe, Cetrarias Islandicas, unciam Aquae frigidae, octarium Coque ad uncias duodenas; stet ut geletur, et utatur spger gelatinae ad libitum. Boil to twelve ounces: let it stand that it may congeal, and let the patient use the jelly at pleasure. 92.—Recipe, Lactis Vaccini, octarium Sinapis Seminum contusorum, unciam Coquantur simul, donee pars casearia in coagulum abie- rit, deinde coletur serum, et hujus sumatur cyathus subinde. Let them he boiled together, until the caseous part [caseum or curd] be changed i?ito a coagulum [i. e. be coagulated ;] then let the whey be strained, and a wine-glassful of it be taken now and then. 93.—Recipe, Liquoris Ammoniae Acetatis, uncias quatuor Tincturae Opii, drachmam dimidiam Aquas Menthae sativse, uncias sex Misce. Capiat cochlearia duo, invadente paroxysmo caloris, in febribus intermittentibus. Let the patient take two table-spoonfuls during the paroxysm of heat (i. e. the hot stage) in intermittent fevers. 94.—Recipe, Infusi Sennse, uncias sex Sumat primo, omni quadrante horse, cochleare; dein as- sumptions vices protrahantur ad horam, et ultra pro successu. Let the patient take, at first, one spoonful every quarter of an hour; then let the time of taking be protracted to an hour, and afterwaids according to the effect. 19* 1 222 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. 95.—Recipe, Decocti Aloes compositi, uncias sex Capiat asger cochlearia tria ampla pro re nata; postea augendo minuendove quantitatem, prout sedes pauciores pluresve promoverit. Let the patient take three table- spoonfuls occasionally ; afterwards increasing or di- minishing the quantity, according as it may have ex- cited fewer or more stools. 96.—Recipe, Cretas prasparata;, drachmam Tinctura; Opii, drachmam dimidiam Aquas Cinnamomi, uncias sex Misce, et agitando phialam, dentur cochlearia duo se- cunda. quaque hora, seriiis vel citiiis ut res postulet, dum vexant ventriculi tormina vel vomitus. Mix, and, shaking the phial, let two table-spoonfuls be given every second hour, later or sooner, as circumstances may re- quire, as long as the gripi.ngs or vomitings trouble. 97.—Recipe, Vini Ipecacuanhas, unciam Fiat haustus statim sumendus. Let a draught be made, to be taken immediately. Recipe, Mistura; Amygdala;, uncias sex Tinctura; Opii, drachmam Misce. Capiat cochlearia duo ampla sub finem vomi- tionis. Let the patient take two table-spoonfuls towards the end of the vomiting. 98.—Recipe, Tincture Rhei, unciam ------Gentianas, semiunciam Aquae Pimento;, uncias quatuor Syrupi Croci, unciam Fiat mistura, cujus sumat asger cochlearia duo, urgente ventriculi dolore, flatu, nausea vel languore. Let a mixture be made, of which let the patient take two table- spoonfuls, the pain of the stomach, flatulence, nausea, or languor, being troublesome. 99.—Recipe, Tincturae Opii, drachmam dimidiam ------ Cardamomi, unciam dimidiam Syrupi Croci, drachmas quatuor Aquas Cinnamomi, uncias sex FORMS FOR MIXTURES, ETC. 223 Misce. Capiat cochlearia duo maxima post singulas vomitiones vel sedes liquidas. Mix. Lei the patient take two table-spoonfuls after each vomiting or liquid stool. 100.—Recipe, Decocti Cinchonas, uncias sex Acidi Sulphurici diluti, drachmam unam Syrupi Aurantiorum, unciam dimidiam Misce. Hujus misturas, cochlearia quatuor, horis dua- bus interpositis, sumantur, ad sudationes diminuendas. Mix. Of this mixture, let four table-spoonfuls be taken every two hours, to diminish sweating. 101.—Recipe, Tincturse Opii, drachmam dimidiam Confectionis aromaticos, drachmam Aquas Menthae piperitae uncias sex Fiat mistura, cujus sumantur cochlearia tria magna post unamquamque sedem mollem, phiala prius concussa. Let a mixture he made, oftvhich let three tablespoonfuls he taken after every liquid evacuation, the phial being first shaken. 102.—Recipe, Spiritus Ammoniae aromatici drach- mam Tincturos Castorei, drachmas tres Spiritus Lavandulae, drachmas duas Aquas pimentos, unciam Fiat mistura, cujus drachma; duos, pro re nata, inge- rantur, contra languorem et deliquium. Let a mixture be made, of which let two drachms (i. e. two tea-spoon- fuls) be taken occasionally, against languor and faint- ing. 103.—Recipe, Infusi Senna;, uncias sex Tincturae Jalapa;, drachmas sex Misce. Sumantur cochlearia tria ampla, singulis horis, ad plenam alvi solutionem. Let three tablespoonfuls be taken every hour, to produce copious evacuation of the bowel. 221 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. 104.—Perstet in usu misturas cathartics, donee alvus ter quaterve plene responderit. Let the patient con- tinue in the use of the cathartic mixtzire, until the bowel shall have acted freely three or four times. 105.—Recipe, Misturas Ammoniaci, uncias sex. Capiat asger cochleare magnum bis in die, ex poculo jusculi bovini, contra raucedinem. Lit the patient take a, table-spoonful twice a-day, in a cup of beef-tea against hoarseness. 106.—Recipe, Tincturae Scillas, drachmam Mucilaginis Acaciae, unciam Tincturae Opii, drachmam Misce. Fiat mistura, de qua subinde capiat drach- mam unam gnttatim, ad gulam emolliendam et expui- tionem piomovendam. Mix. Let a mixture be made, of which let the patient take one drachm (i. e. a tea- spoonful) by drops, to soften (relax, or lubricate) the throat, and to promote expectoration. t 107.— R.ecipe, Ammonias Sesquicarbonatis, drach- mam Tinctura; Cardomomi, unciam Syrupi Rhosados, drachmas duas Aquas Mentha; piperita;, uncias qua- tuor Fiat mistura, de qua capiat cochleare unum largum si pustulas evanescent. Let a mixture be made, of which let the patient take one table-spoonful, if the pustules disappear. 108.—Recipe, Liquoris Ammonia; Acetatis, unciam Vini Antimonii Potassio-Tartratis, drachmam Aqua; Mentha; sativae, uncias quatuor Syrupi Croci, drachmam Fiat mistura, de qua, cochleare largum unum secundis vel tertiis horis exhibealur, scepihs rariusve prout febris vehementior vel mitior fuerit. Let a mixture be made, FORMS FOR MIXTURES, ETC. 225 of which let one table-spoonful he taken every second or third hour; more frequently or rarely, according as the fever may have been more or less violent. 109.—Recipe, Tinctura; Assafostidae, drachmas duas Ammonia; Sesquicarbonatis, drach- mam dimidiam Aquos Pulegii uncias quatuor Fiat mistura, de qua capiat cochleare unum vel coch- learia duo in languoribus, vel sudoribus frigidis, vel frigoris paroxysmis. Let a mixture be made, of which let the patient take one or two tablespoonfuls in lan- guors, or in cold sweats, or in paroxysms of cold (as the cold stage of intermittents.) 110.—Recipe, Potassa; Bitartratis, unciam Olei Limonis, guttas quindecim Sacchari purificati, uncias duas Aquae bullientis, octarios duos Misce. Usurpetur pro potu communi ubi asger intensa siti vexatur. Mix. Let it be used for a common drink when the patient is troubled with intense thirst. 111.—Recipe, Pulveris Jalapas, drachmam Pulveris Zingiberis, grana viginti Magnesias Sulphatis, unciam Aquas pura;, uncias sex Misce. Cochleare unum singulis horis exhibeatur, quaque vice phialam agitando, ut permisceatur pulvis. Mix. Let one table-spoonful be given every hour, the bottle being shaken each time, that the powder may he thoroughly mixed [with the liquid.] 112.—Recipe, Corticis Cinchonas, sesquiunciam Magnesias Sulphatis, uncias duas Aquas pura;, octarios duos Coque per sextam partem hora; in vase leviter clauso, et liquorem adhuc calentem cola: sub finem adde Syrupi Absinthii uncias duas. Tertia vel quarta quaque hora cyathus unus exhibeatur, intermissionis tempore. 226 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. Boil, for the sixth part of an hour, in a lightly-covered vessel, and strain the liquor while hot: towards the end of the boiling add two ounces of syrup of wormwood. Let one cupful be given every third or fourth hour, at the time of the intermission. 113.—Recipe, Infusi Chiretta;, uncias sex Magnesias Sulphatis, uncias duas Misce. Usurpetur ad uncias duas bis vel ter in din, longe a pastu et maxime jejuno ventriculo. Mix. Let it be used to (the extent of) four table-spoonfuls twice or three times a-day, long before taking food, and especially when the stomach is empty. 114.—Recipe, Decocti Hordei, octarium dimidium Nitri purificati, drachmam dimidiam Misce. Duabus vel tribus exhibeatur vicibus duarum horarum intervallo. Mix. Let it be given at two or three limes in the space of two hours. 115.—Recipe, Spiritus Ammonias aromatici, drach- mas duas Liquoris Ammonia; Acetatis, uncias quatuor Tincturas Opii, drachmam Aquaa Pimentos, uncias quatuor Misce, et divide in haustus quatuor, quorum unus usur- pari potest si pulsus languescat vel pustulas subsiderint. Mix, and divide into four draughts, of which one may be taken if the pulse become feeble or the pustules recede. 116.—Recipe, Tincturae Opii, drachmam Syrupi Croci, drachmam Tinctura; Cardamomi, drachmas duas Aquas Cinnamomi, uncias sex Misce. Cochleare unum exhibeatur, dosisque iteretur, prout urgeat morbus. Mix. Let one table-spoonful be given, and the dose repeated, according as the dis- ease may require [it.] 117.—Recipe, Liquoris Ammonias Acetatis, uncias duas FOEMS FOR MIXTURES, ETC. 227 Tinctura; Opii, drachmam Vini Antimonii Potassio-Tartratis, drachmam Aqua; Mentha; sativae, uncias duas Misce, et in tres vel quatuor doses divide, cujus una omni bihorio in insultuum remissione sumenda. Mix, and divide into three or four doses, of which one is to be taken every two hours in the remission of the fits. 118.—Recipe, Vini Colchici, drachmas duas Tinctura; Jalapas, drachmam Infusi Sennas, uncias duas Misce. Ista dosis in duas partes dividi potest, quarum una mane, altera sero exhibeatur. Mix. This dose may be divided into two parts, of which one part may be given in the morning, the other in the evening. 119.—iEtheris cochleare minimum, urgente flatu, in Aqua Mentha; piperita; sumendum. One tea-spoonful of cether (is) to he taken in peppermint water when the flatus is troublesome. 120.—Recipe, Decocti Cinchonas, uncias duas Tinctura; Myrrhae, semiunciam Acidi Hydrochlorici, quantum su flic it ad gratam acerbitatem reddendum. To give an agree- able acidity. 121.—Recipe, Tincturae Senna;, unciam Tincturae Jalapae, drachmas duas Aquae Pimentae, uncias duas Misce. Capiat dimidium statim, et semihora elapsa quod reliquum est. Mix. Let the patient lake half immediately, and in half an hour the remainder. 122.__Praetermittatur mistura salina. Let the saline mixture be omitted. 123.—Capiat Tincture Opii guttas triginta hora somni, et repetantur omni tertia hora, perstante dolore et spasmo. Let the patient take thirty drops of the tincture of opium at bed-time, and let them he repeated every third hour, if the pain and spasm continue. ' 228 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. 124.—Recipe, Tinctura; Castorei, drachmas duas Tincturae Serpentarias, drachmas duas Aquae Pimentae, uncias duas Misce. Capiat cochleare modicum quartis horis, ag- grediente febre. Mix. Let the patient take a mode- rate (i. e. a dessert-) spoonful every four hours when the fever is coming on. 125.—Recipe, Infusi .Senna;, uncias quatuor Magnesia; Sulphatis, drachmam Misce. Ex hac mistura, primo die cochleare unum, alterodie duo, et sic deinceps, propinentur. Mix. Of this mixture let one spoonful be drank the first day, two the next day, and so henceforth. 126.—Recipe, Sarsaparilla; Radicis Zingiberis Radicis contusas, ana un- ciam dimidiam Sassafras Radicis concisa;, unciam Coque leni igne in Aquas fontana; octariis quatuor, ad dimidiam consumptionem, ut fiat decoctum, cujus bibat fluiduncias octo modice tepefacti post bolum, et mane repetatur in lecto ad diaphoresin ciendam. Boil, with a gentle heat, in four pints of spring water, to half, that a decoction may be made, of which let the patient drink eight fluidounces, made moderately warm, after the bolus, and let it (i. e. the decoction) be repeated in the morning while in bed, to promote diaphoresis. 127.—Recipe, Acidi Sulphurici diluti, unciam dimi- diam Syrupi Rhceados, drachmas duas Tincturse Cardamomi, drachmas duas Fiat mistura, cujus sumat cochleare minimum, sextis horis, in quovis vehiculo grato. Let a mixture be made, of which let the patient take one tea-spoonful every six hours, in any agreeable vehicle. 128.—Recipe, Spiritus Ammonioe aromatici, drach- mam. Tincturos Cardamcmi, drachmas duas FORMS FOR MIXTURES, ETC 229 Tincturse Castorei, drachmam Aquas Pulegii, uncias quatuor Sumat, opprimente languore, cochlearia ampla duo. Let the patient take two tablespoonfuls when the languor is oppressive. 129.—Recipe, Tincturos Castorei ---------Myrrhos, ana, drachmam Misturas Amygdalae, uncias sex Syrupi Croci, drachmam Misce. Sumat cochlearia quatuor ampla mane, meri- die, et hora somni, ad biduum vel triduum; quo elapso, et uno tantum die interjecto, sumat potionem emeticam sequentem mane, superbibendo Infusi Florum Anthe- midis quantim sufficit ad vomitiones quater aut quin- quies proritandas, cum debito regimine. Let the pa- tient lake four tablespoonfuls in the morning, at noon, und at bed-time, for the space of two or three days; which having elapsed, and one day only intervening, let the pa- tient take the following emetic potion in the morning, drink- ing after it a sufficient quantity of the infusion of chamo- mile flowers to produce vomiting four or five times, with the accustomed regimen. 130.—Recipe, Vini Ipecacuanhas, unciam Antimonii Potassio-Tartratis, grana duo. Misce, et fiat potio. Mix, and let a potion be made. 131.—Recipe, Sodse tartarizatse semiunciam Tincturos Rhei, unciam dimidiam Sj'rupi communis, drachmas duas Aquas Pimentos, uncias sex Fiat mistura, cujus capiat osger cochlearia tria magna omni bihorio donee alvus purgetur. Let a mixture be made, of which let the patient take three tablespoonfuls every two hours until the bowels be purged. 132.—Recipe, Aquoe pluvialis, uncias duas 20 230 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. Antimonii Potassio-Tartratis, grana tria Solve: hujus danda sunt cochlearia quo mediocria sin- gulis horse quadrantibus, donee vomitus scquatur. Dissolve: of this (solution) two middling-sized (i. e. des- sert-) spoonfuls are to be given every quarter of an hour, until vomiting ensues. 133.—Recipe, Infusi Sennse, uncias sex Tincturos Sennos, Semiunciam Magnesios Sulphatis, unciam Fiat mistura, cujus capiat asger cochlearia duo magna bis terve in hora, donee adsit catharsis. Let a mixture be made, of which let the patient take two tablespoonfuls twice or thrice in an hour until purging be present (i. c. come, on.) 134.—Recipe, catechu, semiunciam Aquos puns, uncias duodecim Coque ad uncias sex: stent donee f'^ccs subsiderint: liquoris partem limpidam caute effunde. Bod to six ounces: let them stand until the dregs subside: carefully pour off the e'eer part of the liquor. 135.—R,ccipe, Decocti Aloes, uncias sex Sodas Sulphatis, unciim dimidiam Fiat mistura, cujus sumat seger cochlearia duo ordina- ria secunda quaque hora, donee ample purgaverit. Let a mixture be made, of which let the patient take two common spoonfuls every second hour, until it (i. e. the me- dicine) shall have amply purged. 136.—Recipe, Acidi Nitrici, drachmam Aquas destillata;, uncias duodecim Syrupi Aurantii, sesquiunciam Fiat mistura, quotidie sumenda, ope tubuli vitrei, par- titis haustibus. Let a mixture be made, to be taken daily in divided draughts by means of a glass tube. 137.—Capiat osger unciam dimidiam Infusi St-nnsc pro dosi, ex cyatho parvo Decocti Hordei. Let the pi- F0KMS FOR MIXTURES, ETC. 231 tient take haf an ounce of the infusion of senna for a dose, in a small cupful of barley water. 138.—Capiat a>ger cyathum vinosum parvum Infusi Gentians, secunda quaque hora. Let the patient take a small wine-glassful of the infusion of gentian every second hour. 139.—Recipe, M.ignesias Carbonatis, semidrachmam Pulveris Rhei, drachmam Aquas Pimenta;. uncins sex Misce. Sumantur cochlearia tria magna post unam- quamque sedem mollem, vitrio prius concusso. Mix. Let three tablespoonfuls be taken after each liquid evacu- ation, the bottle being previous1?/ shaken. 140.—Recipe, Sodas Potassio-Tartratis, drachmas sex Aquas Cinnamomi, uncias du.is Fiat solutio, duabus vicibus sumenda. Let a solution be made, to be taken at twice. 141.—Recipe, Infusi Quassia\ uncias sex Magnesia; Sulphatis, unciam Fiat mistura, de qua capiat seger cochleare unum am- plum bis terve in die. Let a mixture be made, of which let the patient lake one table-spoonful twice or three times a- day. 142.—Recipe, Tincturse Opii, drachmam Mucilaginis Acacias, uncias sex Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici, drachmas duas Misce. Bibat cochlearia tria subinde, urgente strangu- ria, aut in languore. Mix. Let the patient drink three spoonfuh when strangury is troublesome, or in languor. 143.—Repetatur mistura pro re nata, si opus erit, ad vomitum sedandum. Let the mixture be repeatednow and then, if there shall be occasion, to allay vomiting. 144.—Recipe, Tincture Opii, drachmam Syrupi Papaveris, drachmas duas Aqua; Menthas, uncias sex 232 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. Misce. Sumat unciam omni semihora, donee dolor mitescat. Mix. Let the patient take one ounce every haf hour until the pain is ajypcased. 145.—Recipe, Tincturos Hyoscyami, drachmas duas Tincturos Castorei, drachmas duas Syrupi Rhreados, drachmam Aquse puros, uncias quatuor Misce. Sumat drachmas duas omni hora si non dor- miat. Mix. Let the patient take two drachms every hour, if he docs not sleep. 146.—Recipe, Magnesios Subcarbonatis, drachmam dimidiam Tincturos Gentiana\ drachmas tres Syrupi Aurantii, drachmas quatuor Aqua; Pimentos, uncias quatuor Misce. Capiat osger, acido infestante, cochleare am- plum unum vel alterum expoculo jusculi bovini. Mix. Let the patient take one or two table-spoonfuls, in a cupful of beef-tea, when troubled with acid (i. e. acid- ity of stomach.) 147.—Uecipe, Rasuros Cornu Cervi, unciam Aquas, octarios quatuor Coque ad octarios duos, dein liquori colato adde Sac- chari albi quod satis e-t, et ad usum servctur. Boil to two pints, then aid to the strained liquor as much as is sufficient of white sugar, and let it (i. e. the decoc- tion) be kept for -use. 148.—Recipe, Infusi Sennas, uncias sex Sodas Sulphatis, unciam dimidiam Syrupi Rhamni, drachmas duas Fiat mistura. Detur imprimis uncia una, et interpo- pitis tribus vel quatuor horis, cochleare exhibeatur bi fuerit opus, et post duas alias horns repetatur dosis, si alvus antea non moveatur. Let u mixture be made. In the first place let an ounce he given, and three or four hours having intervened, let a spoonful be administered, FORMS FOR DRAUGHTS, ETC. 233 if necessary; and after two more hours let the dose be repeated, if the bowels be not previously moved. CHAP. IV.—Forms for Draughts, etc 149.—Recipe, Magnesias Sulphatis, drachmas duas Infusi Sennas, unciam Syrupi Khamni, drachmam Misce. Fiat haustus, in jusculo calido, partitis vicibus, sumendus. Mix. Let a draught he made, to he taken at different times in vjarm broth. 150.—Recipe, Infusi Gentianos, unciam Tincturos Cardamomi, drachmam Fiat haustus, quern seger sumat tribus ante prandium horis. Let a draught be made, which let the patient take three hours before dinner. 151.—Piecipe, Infusi Sennas, unciam Sumatur pro re nata, postea augendo minuendove quan- titatem, prout sedes pauciores pluresve protuoverit. Let it be taken occasionally; afterwards increasing or diminishing the quantity, according as it shall have excited more or less stools. 152.—Recipe, Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici, guttas vi- ginti Liquoris Ammonias Acetatis, drach- mas duas Aqiuu Menthae viridis, unciam Fiat mistura salina, cujus capiat cochleare parvum omni hora cursu noctis. Let a saline, mixture be made, of which let the patient take a tea-spoonful every hour in the course of the night. 153.—Recipe, Potassos Carbonatis, scrupulum Aquas destillatsa, drachmas decern ----Cinnamomi, drachmas duas Syrupi, drachmam 20* 234 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. Misce. Fiat haustus, cui tempore capiendi, adde Succi Limonis recentis cochleare mngcum unum, et in effer- vescentia sumatur. Mix. Let a draught be made, to which, at the time of talintas-:u, drachmam unam cum semisse Syrupi Aurantii, unciam dimidiam Aquos destillata', uncias quatuor cum semisse Misce. Capiat cochlearia duo vel tria quartis horis. Mix. Let the patient take two or three table-spoonfuls every four hours. 198.—Recipe, Ba'sami Copaiba;, partes duas Liquoris Potassa-, partes tres Aquos destillata>, partes scptem Coque per quadrantem horse et tunc adde Spiritus yEtheris Nitrici, partem unam. Stet per horas duas vel tres Capiat osger, liquoris limpidi supernatantis, cochleare medium unum ter die. Boil during a quarter of an hour, and then add one part of spirit of ether. Let (the mixture) stand for two or three hours. Let the patient take, three times a-day, one dessert spoonful of the limpid supernatant liquor. 199.—Recipe, Balsami Copaibos, unciam dimidiam Vitellum unius Ovi Sacchari puri, unciam His bene subactis terendo, adde paulatim Aquos Mentha; viridis, uncias sex, ut fiat emulsio. To these, well in- corporated by rubbing, add gradually six ounces of spearmint water, that an emulsion may be made. FORMS FOR DRAUGHTS, ETC. 243 200.—Recipe, Calomelanos, grana tria Confectionis Opiatse, grana sex Misce; fiat bolus, statim sumendus. Vespere, nisi prius bis saltern dejecerit alvus, capiat (seger homo) Olei Ricini unciam dimidiam (vel semiunciam,) vel quantum sufficiat, ad alvum solvendam. Mix. Let a bolus be made, to be taken immediately. Unless the bowels shall have been twice previously evacuated, let the patient take, in the evening half an ounce, or as much as may be sufficient, of castor oil to open the bowels. Alvo, hisce medicamentis, libere soluta, incipiat su- mere haustum sequentem. The bowels being freely opened by these medicines, let him begin to take the fol- owing draught: Recipe, Liquoris Ammonias Acetatis, semiunciam Aquos Cinnamomi, unciam unam Vini Antimonialig, guttas quindecim Syrupi Papaveris albi, drachmam Misce; fiat haustus. Februarii die vigesimo tertio. 201.—Repetantur remedia olim (penultima) prse- scripta, non novissime instituta. Si alvus adstricta fuerit, magnesia vitriolata augeatur, ut alvus satis so- luta fuerit. Let the remedies formerly (the last time hut one) prescribed be repeated, not the last ordered. If the bowels be bound, let the vitriolated (i. e. sulphate of) magnesia be increased, that they may be sufficiently opened. Martis die undecimo. 202.—Recipe, Infusi Sennsu, unciam cum semisse (vel sesquiunciamj Mannos, unciam dimidiam Tincturse Jalapte, unciam unam Misce. Capiat (seger homo) cochleare largum unum hora tertia quaque, donee sedes tres vel quatuor pro- 244 UNA3BREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. curantur. Mix. Let the patient take a table-spoonful every third hour, until three or four stools are pro- cured. Recipe, Linimenti Ammonias, drachmas sex Unguenti Hydrargyri fortioris, drachmam unam Misce; fiat linimentum, cervici et scapulis omni nocte et mane, manu calida, assidue applicandum; superim- ponendo pannum laneum eodem imbutum. Et post operationem Misturas Sennas, ad usum Misturae Anti- monialis in promptu confugiat. Mix. Let a liniment be made, to be assiduously applied night and morning to the neck and shoulders with the warm hand; after- wards applying a woollen cloth moistened with the same (i. e. liniment.) And after the operation of the senna mixture, let him return to the use of the antimonial, (which is to be kept) in readiness. Novembris die vigesimo quarto. 203.—Recipe, Guaiaci Ligni rasi, unciam unam Sassafras Radicis, unciam dimidiam Aquas destillatas, libras duas Coque igne leni ad libram unam; sub finem coctionis addantur Glycyrrhizsn Radicis contusse drachma duas, et cola: cujus capiat cochlearia tria ampla ter quotidie. Boil by a gentle heat to one pound; let two drachms of bruised liquorice-root be added toward the end of the coction, and strain: of this let the patient take three table-spoonfuls three times a-day. Octobris die decimo. CHAP. V.—Form for Powders, Pills, etc 204.—Prosit forsan dare asgro, lectum itiro, Pul- veris Hydrargyri Chloridi grana quinque. Perhaps it may be beneficial to give the patient, when about going to bed, five grains of chloride of mercury. FORMS FOR POTVDERS, PILLS, ETC. 245 205.—Recipe, Coccinellas, scrupulum Sodii Chloridii, drachmas duas Misce. Fiat pulvis. Detur cochleare dimidium pro dosi, tempore matutino. Mix. Let a powder be made. Let half a spoonful he given for a dose in the morning. 206.—Recipe, Pulveris Jalapae, drachmas duas Hydrargyri Chloridi, semidrachmam Misce. Dentur grana duodecim ad viginti et quatuor, quando alvi ductione opus sit. Mix. Let [from] twelve to twenty-four grains be given when there may be occasion to open the bowel. 207.—Recipe, Magnesise Carbonatis, semiunciam Fceniculi Seminum Sacchari purificati, ana, drachmam Terantur in pulverem. Dosis quantum cultri apice capi potest, saspius in die. Let them he rubbed into a powder. The dose is as much as can be taken on the point of a knife frequently during the day. 208.—Recipe, Hydrargyri Chloridi, drachmam Confectionis Rosas, quantum satis sit Contunde in massam et divide in pilulas triginta. Su- mantur una bis indies, ut cieatur ptyalismus modicus. Beat them into a mass, and divide into thirty pills. Let one be taken twice a-day, that moderate ptyalism mny be produced. 209.—Augeatur dosis Pulveris Jacobi veri ad grana sex. Let the dose of James's powder be increased to six grains. 210.—Recipe, Hydrargyri Oxydi ruhri, granum Opii, tertiam grani partem Caryophyllorum Olei, guttam Fiat pilula, hora somni per hebdomadam sumenda. Let a pill be made, to he taken at hed-time during the week. 211.__Recipe, Myrrhae Gummi-resinae, semi-drach- mam Sacchari puri, semiunciam 21* 246 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. Tere simul in pulverem. Dosis, drachma una ter qua- terve indies, e quovis liquore idoneo. Rub them to- gether into a powder. The dose is one drachm three or four times a-day, in any proper liquid. 212.—Recipe, Pulveris Opii, grana tria Extracti Glycyrrhizas, grana octo Fiant pilulas bince, nocte sumendas ad vicem secundam. Let two pills be made, to be taken at night for twice (i. e. two nights.) 213.—Recipe, Capsici Seminum contritorum, grana sex Lauri Baccarum, scrupulos duos . Misce. Fiat pulvis, dividendus in tres partes aequales, quarum prima portio sumatur incipiente primore ri- gore; secunda, postridie eadem hora; tertia vero tertio die. Mix. Let a powder be marie to be divided into three equal parts, of which let the first part be taken at the beginning of the first rigor, the second at the same hour of the following day, and the third on the third day. 214.—Recipe, Confectionis Opii, scrupulum unum. Pro re nata sumatur, si diarrhosa permaneat. Let it be taken occasionally if the diarrhoea remain. 215.—Recipe, Extracti Colocynthidis compositi, drachmam Hydrargyri Chloridi,grana duodecim Fiat massa, in pilulas duodecim dividenda. Let a mass he made, to be divided into twelve pills. Capiat summo mane tres, et postea duas, si alvus, horis sex, non satis dejecerit. Let the patient take three early in the morning, and afterwards two, if the hov>el, in six hours, be not sufficiently evacuated. 216.—Recipe, Pulveris Rhei, scrupulum Hydrargyri Chloridi, grana quinque Syrupi Althaea, quantum sufficit ut fiat bolus, hora somni sumendus et alternis noctibus FORMS FOR POWDERS, PILLS, ETC. 247 repetendus, ad duas vel tres vices. That a bolus may be made, to be taken at bed-time, and to be repeated every other night, for two or three times. 217.—Recipe, Extracti Cicutae, semidrachmam Fiant pilulas quindecim, in pulvere cicutae involvendae. Mitte in chartacea pyxide. Let fifteen pills be made, to he rolled iii hemlock powder. Send them in a paper box. 218.—Recipe, Extracti Colocynthidis, semidrach- mam Pulveris Scammonii, scrupulum Hydrargyri Chloridi, grana duodecim Misce. Fiant pilulas duodecim; quarum capiat unam nocte, quoties alvus fuerit justo adstrictior. Mix. Let twelve pills be made, of which let the patient take one at night, as often as the bowel is more confined than it ought to he. 219.—Recipe, Extracti Elaterii, granum dimidium ------ Colocynthidis compositi, grana quinque Olei essentialis Menthas piperitae gut- tam unam In pilulam conficiantur cras mane deglutiendam, ite- rumque mane perendino. Let them be made into a pill, to be taken to-morrow morning, and again the morning after to-morrow. 220. — Ad nauseam supprimendam, bibat asger spiri- tus alicujus paululum aqua commixtum. To prevent nausea, let the patient take a little of some spirit mixed with water. 221.—Recipe, Corticis Cinchonas Pulveris, grana quindecim ad drachmas duas Capiat e eyatho vini generosissimi horae quadrantis ad horas quatuor, intervallo, ita ut osger sumat drachmas sex ad minimum, inter duos paroxysmos. Let the pa- tient take it in a glass of the best (most generous) wine, every quarter of an hour, for four hours during 248 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. the interval (of the paroxysms,) so that the patient may take at least six drachms between the paroxysms. 222.—Recipe, Extracti Elaterii, grana duo Sacchari purificati, drachmam unam Optime terantur simul, dein in pulveres octo aequales dividantur, quorum capiat asger unum omni horse qua- drante, donee adsit catharsis. Let them he well rubbed together, then divided into eight equal powders, of which let the patient take one every quarter of an hour, until purging take place. 223.—Accipiat vespere Jalapa; Pulveris, grana quindena Hydrargyri Chloridi, grana quinque Conterantur in molem syrupo simplici, ut fingantur globuli terni sequales. Let the patient take fifteen grains of Jalap and five of Calomel in the evening. Let them be rubbed into a mass with simple syrup, that they 7nuy make three equal globules (pills.) 221.—Recipe, Soda; Carbonatis exsiccatas drachmam unam Saponis duri, scrupulos quatuor Olei Juniperi, guttas viginti Syrupi Zingiberis, quantum sufficit ut fiat massa, in pilulas triginta dividenda, e quibus capiat tres indies, contra calculos renum. That a mass may be made, to he divided into thirty pills, of which let the patient take three daily, against renal calculi. 225.—Recipe, Pulveris Jalapf, drachmas duas Hydrargyri Chloridi, grana viginti qua- tuor Misce, et in pulveres duodecim divide, quorum capiat duos vel tres, ut necesse sit ad sides. Mix, and divide into twelve powders, of which let the patient take two or three, as may be necessary, for (i. e. to produce) stools. 226—Recipe, Potassae Sulphatis, scrupulos duos in FORMS FOR POWDERS, PILLS, ETC. 249 semipoculo aquas tepidae solutos, cum guttis viginti Tincturae Digitalis sumendos. To he dissolved in half a cupful of warm water, to he taken with twenty drops of tincture of foxglove. 227.—Recipe, Pulveris Cinchonas, drachmam unam Sit pulvis, secundis horis, in cyatho lactis, absente pa- roxysmo, sumendus. Let it be a powder, to be taken every other hour, in a cup of milk, during the absence of the paroxysm. 228.—Sumantur Pulveris Calumbas, grana decem. Singulis auroris ex pulte. Let ten grains of powder of calumba be taken every morning in gruel. 229.—Recipe, Pulveris Nitratis Potassae -------Potassae Sulphatis,ana, grana quindecim Fiat pul vis, in promptu habendus, et urgente paroxysmo sumendus. Let a powder be made, to be had in readi- ness, and taken when the paroxysm is troublesome. 230.—Recipe, Pulveris Jalapas, drachmam -------Scammonii, scrupulum unum Hydrargyri Chloridi, grana viginti Syrupi Simplicis, quantum sufficit ut fiat massa, in pilulas viginti dividenda, e quibus capiantur binas, ad alvum officii immemorem excitan- dam. That a mass may be made, to be divided into twenty pills, of which let two he taken to excite the bowels unmindful of their office (i. e. constipated bowels.) 231__Recipe, Potassae Nitratis, grana viginti Sacchari albi, drachmas duas Mucilaginis Acacias, quantum sufficit ut fiat massa, in trochiscos duodecim distribuenda, quo- rum, unus detineatur sub linguam, donee liquescat. To be divided into twelve lozenges, of which let one be held under the tongue until it melts. 232.—Recipe, Quercus Corticis, drachmam dimi- diam 250 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. Anthemidis Florum exsiccatorum scrupulum unum Tere simul in pulverem, alternis vel tertiis horis, du- rante apyrexi.i, sumendum. Rub together into a powder, to be taken every second or third hour during the inter- mission. 233.—Recipe, Zinci Sulphatis, grana duodecim Aquos pura;, uncias tres Sumatur tertia pars, ter die, augendo dosin, si opus sit, et si ferat ventriculus. Let a third part be taken three times a day, increasing the dose, if necessary, and if the stomach will bear it. 234.—Recipe, Extracti Cannabis Indicas, grana quin- que Vespere ante somnum sumenda. To be taken in the evening before sleep. 235.—Recipe, Extracti Colocynthidis, drachmam unam Fiant pilulas duodecim. Sumat unam, sextis horis, donee commode purgetur. Let tvjelve pills he made. Let the patient take one every six hours, until suffi- ciently purged. 23G.—Recipe, Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, grana viginti quinque Antimonii Potassio-Tartratis, granum unum Fiat pulvis emeticus: ex pauxillo alicujus liquoris ido- nei hauriatur, et vomitu motu, superbibantur cyathi ali- quot infusi anthemidis tepidi. Let an emetic powder he made: let it be taken in a little of any proper liquor, and when vomiting comes on,let some cupfuls of warm infusion of chamomile flowers be drunk. 237.—Recipe, Pulveris Cinchonas, drachmas tres. Divide in partes duodecim [quarum] capiat unam, se- cunda vel tertia quaque hora, ex cyatho parvo lactis vaccini recentis, absente febre. Divide into twelve FORMS FOR POWDERS, PILLS, ETC. 251 equal parts, of which let the patient take one every second or third hour, in a small cupful of fresh cow's milk, during the absence of the fever. 238.—Recipe, Confectionis Rosas, grana decem Hydrargyri Chloridi, grana sex Fiat bolus, hora somni qualibet nocte sumendus; mane sequenti, post quintam vel sextam assumptionem, bibat potionem purgantem communem. Let a bolus be made, to be taken any night, at bed-time; on the morning fol- lowing, after the fifth or sixth taking, let the patient take a common purging draught. 239.—Recipe, Pilulae Aloes cum Mynha, drachmam unam Fiant pilulas duodecim, quae obruantur pulvere glycyr- rhizse. Let twelve pills he made, which are to he rolled in powder of liquorice. 240.—Recipe, Pulveris Digitalis, grana tria. ---,----Glycyrrhizas, grana viginti Misce. In pulveres tres hsec quantitas dividenda est. Partitio fiat exactissima. Mix. This quantity is to he divided into six powders. Let the division be very carefully made. 241.—Recipe, Extracti Papaveris, grana decem. Fiant pilulae duas, quarum capiat unam statim, et alte- ram post horas tres, si vomitus perstiterit. Let two pills be made, of which let the patient take one imme- diately, and the other after three hours, if the vomiting continue. 242.—Recipe, Ferri Sesquioxydi drachmas sex. In sex partes dividatur, quarum una ter de die exhibenda, et per plures dies continuanda. Let it (i. e. the powder) be divided, into six parts, one of which is to be given three times a day, and continued for several days. 213.—Recipe, Pilulas Hydrargyri, grana decem. Fiant pilulas duse. Let two pills he made. Devoret aeger unam bis in die, hora decima, et hora 252 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. secunda. Let the patient swallow one twice a day, at ten o'clock and at two o'clock. 244.—Recipe, Pulveris Scammonii, scrupulum unum ------- Rhei, grana decem Hydrargyri Chloridi, grana quatuor Misce. Fiat pulvis purgans, extemplo in pulpa pomi tosti sumendus. Mix. Let an opening powder be made, to be taken immediately in the pulp of a roasted apple. 245.—Dentur Radicis Ipecacuanhas in pulverem sub- tillissimum tritae grana tria vel quinque diluculo, sin- gulis vel alternis diebus. Let three or five grains of ipecacuanha root, rubbed into a very fine potvder, be given at day-break, every, or every other day. 246.—Sumantur Filicis Radicis in pulverem tritae drachmas duas vel tres, e cyatho aquos Menthae, primo diluculo. Elapsis duabus horis, devoretur bolus ex hydrargyri submuriatis grana quinque vel sex, et cambogins granis octo vel decem; assumpto subinde haustulo infusi thea; viridis. Let two or three drachms of fern root, rubbed into powder, be take?i in a cupful of mint water, early in the morning [at day-break.] Two hours having elapsed, let a bolus composed of five or six grains of submuriate of mercury, and of eight or ten grains of gamboge, be swallowed; a draught of infusion of green tea being taken now anil then. 247.—Recipe, Ferri Sulphatis, drachmam dimidiam Assafcetidae, drachmas duas cum mucilaginis acacise tantillo subige in massam divi- dendam in pilulas singulas grana quatuor pendentes. Rub with a little mucilage of acacia into a mass, to be divided into pills, each weighing four grains. 218.—Recipe, Antimonii Potassio-Tartratis, grana quatuor FORMS FOR POWDERS, TILLS, ETC. 253 Pulveris Foliorum Digitalis, grana decem Confectionis Rosae, quantum sufficit ut fiat massa, in pilulas viginti dividenda. Initio su- mat aeger pilulam unam, pro dosi, mane ac nocte, pos- tea binas, dein tres, et denique augeatur dosis quantum fieri potest. That a mass may be, made, to be divided into twenty pills. At the commencement, let the patient take, morning and night, one pill for a dose; after- wards, two, then three, and lastly, let the dose be in- creased as much as can be borne. 249.—Recipe, Extracti Gentianae, grana decem. Fiat bolus; detur jejuno stomacho. Let a pill be made. Let it be given on an empty stomach. 250.—Recipe, Pulveris Aloes, drachmam unam ------Myrrhas, drachmam dimidiam Misce. Capiat grana decem ter die. Dosis sensim augenda est, donee drachma una in die sumatur. Mix. Let the patient take ten grains, three times a day. The dose is to be gradually increased until one drachm he taken during the day. 251.—Sumat quantum cuspide cultri capi potest, Pul- veris Rhei, in cochleare lactis saccharati, vel in melle. Let the patient take as much powder of rhubarb as can be contained on the point of a knife, in a spoonful of sugared milk or in honey. '252.—Sumat aeger drachmam unam Pulveris Cin- chona;, ante paroxysmum ingredientem. Let the pa- tient take one drachm of powder of cinchona bark be- fore the approaching paroxysm. 253.—Recipe, Hydrargyri Binoxydi, grana duodecim Confectionis Rosae, quantum sufficit ut fiant pilulas duodecim. Sumat asger pilulam ter in die, donee dentes vacillare incipiant. Dosis ab initio a pilula una ad duas vel tres, semper dosin augendo. That twelve pills may be made. Let the patient take 254 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. one pill, three times a day, until the teeth begin to loosen. The dose, at the beginning, is from one to two or three pills, always increasing the dose. 254.—Recipe, Pulveris Cinchona;, drachmam unam ------Zingiberis, grana decem Misce. Sumat nsger ante tempus redeuntis paroxysmi, ter in septimana huncce pulverem prodosi. Mir. Let the patient take this powder for a dose, before the time of the returning paroxysm, three times a week. 255.—Sumat asgra, in lecto composita, pilulam Opii, superbibendo hordei aquae calidam. Let the (female) patient take, when in bed, a, pill of opium, drinking afterwards warm barley water. 256.—Recipe, Gummi Ammoniaci, drachmam dimi- diam Pulveris Rhei, scrupulum unum Syrupi simplici, quantum sufficit ut fiant pilulae viginti. Capiat per duas noctes, quatu- or, et intermittat tertiam noctem; et sic pergat donee totum sumpserit. That twenty pills may he made. Let the patient take four for tvjo ?iights, and intermit the third night; and continue this until the whole shall be taken. 257.—Recipe, Antimonii Sesquioxydi scrupulum unum Nitratis Potassae, drachmam unam Pulveris Ipecacuanhas compositi, drachmam dimidiam Misceantur, et fiat pulvis tenuissimus, in septem partes asquales separandus, quarum una singulis horis ingera- tur. Let them be mixed, and let a very fine powder be made, to be divided into seven equal parts, of which let one be taken every hour. 258.—Repetantur pulveres, hesterno die prasscripti, eodemque modo sumantur. Let the powders be repeat- ed, prescribed yesterday, and let them be taken in the same manner. FORMS FOR POWDERS, PILLS, ETC. 255 259.—Recipe, Cretas prasparatae drachmam unam Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, grana sex Misce, et fiat pulvis, in chartulas duas asqualiter divi- dendus, quarum capiat unam horis octavis; et tempo- ribus intermediis, si pulsus sit creber et fortis, bibat cochlearia duo misturas sequentis. Mix, and let a powder be made, to be equally divided into two powders, of which let the patient take one every eight hours; and in the intermediate time, if the pulse be frequent, and strong, let the patient take two table-spoonfids of the following mixture. 260.—Recipe, Extracti Colocynthidis, drachmam unam Pulveris Scammonii, drachmam di- midiam Misce, fiant pilulae viginti, quarum duae deglutiantur hors\ decubitus: diluculo, ut infra Recipe, Infusi Sennae, unciam unam Mix. Let twenty pills he made, of which let two he taken at bed-time ; early in the morning [at day-break,] (let him take,) as under (i. e. the following.) 261.—Recipe, Hydrargyri Chloridi, grana duodecim Confectionis Rosae, quantum sufficit ut fiant pilulae duodecim, quarum sumat unam post coenam : mane et pomeridie sumat haustum purgantem. That twelve pills may be made, of which let the patient take one after supper; let him take a purging draught, morning and evening. 262.— Recipe, Zinci Sulphatis, scrupulum dimidium Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, grana quinde- cim Fiat pulvis emeticus, statim sumendus. Finita vomi- torii operatione, capiat subinde cochlearia duo misturas purgantis. Let an emetic powder be made, to be taken immediately. The operation of the vomit being finished, let the patient take now and then two spoonfuls of purging mixture. 256 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. 263.—Recipe, Pulveris Digitalis, granum dimidium Pulveris Acacias, scrupulum unum Fiat pulvis, quartis horis sumendus, asgra interim con- quiescente, et caput immotem tenente. Let a powder be made, to be taken every four hours, the (female) pa- tient, in the meantime, being at rest, and keeping her head unmoved. 264.—Recipe, Hydrargyri cum Creta, grana decem Pulveris Tragacantha;, scrupulum di- midium Fiat pulvis, statim sumendus, et exhibeatur sequenti luce portio purgans communis. Let a powder be made, to be taken immediately; and let a common purging draught be given the following morning. 255.—Recipe, Pulveris Potassas Sulphatis, drachmam unam Pulveris Rhei, scrupulum unum Misce. Fiat pulvis, in pulmento, vel in poculo seri lactis vinosi, sumendus. Mix. Let a powder be made, to be taken in gruel, or in a cupful of wine whey. 266.— Recipe, Pulveris Cinchonas, uncias duas ---------Cinnamomi,drachmam unam Misce. Fiant pulveres duodecim, quorum capiat unum quarta quaque hora, superbibendo vini cujuslibet haus- tum, incipiendo immediate post paroxysmum; inter- dicto interim enematum usu. Mix. Let twelve pow- ders be made, of which let one be taken every four hours, drinking afterwards a draught of some kind of wine, beginning immediately after the paroxysm,; the use of the evemata being in the meantime omitted. 267.—Recipe, Extracti Hyoscyami, drachmam. Fiant pilulas duodecim, quarum sumatur una pro re nata, sub languore vel singultu. Let twelve pills be made, of which let one be taken occasionally during languor or hiccup. 20-'.—Recipe, Sodas Potassio-Tai tratis, sesquidrach- mam FORMS FOR POWDERS, PILLS, ETC. 257 Creta; prasparatas, semidrachmam Misce. Fiat pulvis in jusculo avenaceo tenuissimo sumendus. Mix. Let a powder be made, to be taken in very thin gruel. 269.—Recipe, Pilulae Aloes cum Myrrha, drachmas duas Fiant pilula viginti et quatuor, e quibus ingerantur tres, unaquaque mane ac nocte. Let twenty-four pills be made, of which let three be taken every morning and night. 270—Recipe, Hydrargyri Submuriatis, grana qua- terna Sacchari, grana sena Pulveris Antimonii Compositi, grana bina Conterantur. Sumat vespere in Gelatina Rihesiorum. Let them be rubbed together. Let the patient take it (i. e. the powder) in the evening, in currant jelly. 271,—Recipe, Zinci Sulphatis, scrupulum unum Confectionis Cy nosbati, quantum suffi- cit Ad pilulas viginti fingendas, quas deaurandae sunt. As much as is sufficient to form, twenty pills, which are to be gilded. 272.—Recipe, Cretas praeparatae, scrupulum unum Fiat pulvis, vel addendo syrupum zingiberis, bolus ad alvum contrahendam, mane sumendus. Let a powder be made, or by adding syrup of ginger, a bolus, to be taken in the morning, to bind the bowel. 273.—Recipe, Pilulas Hydrargyri, scrupulum dimi- dium Divide in duas partes; sumat unam statim, alteram, circa mediam noctem. Divide into two parts; let the patient take one immediately, the other about midnight. 274.—Recipe, Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, scrupulum unum 22* 25S UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. Fiat pulvis emeticus, more solito sumendus. Opera- tione emetici peracta, capiat Pulveris Rhei scrupulum unum. Let an emetic powder be made, to be taken in the usual maimer. The operation of the emetic having ceased, let the patient take one scruple of powder of rhu- barb. 275.—Recipe, Pulveris Calumbas, drachmam unam Pulveris Zingiberis, grana viginti Misce omnia, quas dividantur in sex doses sequales, per sex dies continuos mane sumendas, tribus horis ante pastum. Mix them altogether, which let be divided into six equal doses, to be taken in the morning three hours before taking food, for six successive days. 276.—Recipe, Olei Crotonis, guttas octodecim Pulveris Glycyrrhiza;, quantum suf- ficit ut fiant pilulae sex et triginta, quarum exhibeantur duae hora decubitus, quandoque alvus nimis solida fuerit, et augeatur seu minuatur dosis pro ratione effectus. As much as may he sufficient that thirty-six pills may be made, of which let two be given at bed-time, whenever stools are too solid (i. e. whenever the bowels are too constipated ;) and let the dose be increased or diminished in proportion to the effect. 277—Recipe, Pulveris Opii, granum unum Confectionis Rosas, grana quatuor Fiat bolus vespere, si perstet diarrhoea, vel adsint tor- mina intestinorum, capiendus. Make a bolus, to be taken, in the evening, if the diarrhaa continue, or if there be griping of the bowels. 278.—Recipe, Jalapae Radicis Pulveris, unciam unam Potassae Bitartratis, uncias duas Seorsim duo permisce. Dosis si, drachma dimidia ad drachmas sex, mane. Mix the two together. Tlie dose is from half a drachm to six drachms, in the morning. FORMS FOR LINCTUSES, ETC. 259 279.—Recipe, Extracti Gentianae, drachmas quinque in pilulas sexaginta dividendas. Dosis una vel duae nocte maneque statim post cibum. To be divided into sixty pills. The dose (is) one or two, night and morn- ing, immediately after taking food. CHAP. VT.—Forms for Linctuses. 280.—Recipe, Olei Terebinthinae, drachmas duas Mellis despumati, unciam Misce: fiat linctus. Dosis cochleare parvum, nocte et mane, cum haustu cujusvis potiis tenuioris tepefacti. Mix: let a linctus be mad'-. The dose is a tea-spoon- ful night and morning, vnth a draught of any kind of weak warm drink. 281.—Recipe, Confectionis Sennas, uncias quatuor Sumat ad nucis juglandis magnitudinem. Let the pa- tient take it to the size of a walnut. 2S2.—Recipe, Confectionis Rosas, uncias duas Tinctura; Opii, drachmam unam Acidi Sulphurici diluti, drachmam di- midiam Fiat electuarium, exacte invicem miscendo. Let an electuary he made, by mixing them accurately together. 283.—Recipe, Confectionis Rosae caninas, drachmas duas Syrupi Aurantii, drachmas sex Olei Amygdalae, drachmam unam Misce, et fiat linctus, in olla fictili mittendus. Mix, and let a linctus he. made, to be sent in an earthen pot. 2S4.—Recipe, Oxymellis Scillae, drachmas tres Syrupi Papaveris, drachmas s»x Pulveris Tragacanthae compositi, drachmam unam Misce. Fiat linctus, cujus lambat asger pauxillum 2G0 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. subinde. Mix. Let a linctus be made, of which let the patient take (lick) a little now and then. 265.—Recipe, Resinae Guaiaci, drachmam unam Confectionis Rosas, unciam unam Syrupi Aurantii, quantum sufficit ut fiat electuarium, de quo capiat quantitatem nucis moschatas majoris bis indies. That an electuary may be made, of vjhich let the patient lake the size of a large nutmeg twice a-day. 286.—Recipe, Confectionis Rosas, uncias duas Acidi Sulphurici _ diluti, drachmam unam Misce, et fiat linctus: capiat quantitatem castanea; bis in die. Mix, and let a linctus be made: let the patient take the size of a chestnut twice a-day. 287.—Recipe, Confectionis Senna3, uncias quatuor Pulveris Potassss Bitartratis, unciam dimidiam Misce, et fiat electuarium. Capiat quantitatem nucis avellanas vel moschatoe subinde, vel ter in die, pauli ante prandium. Mix, and let an electuary be made. Let the patient take the size of a filbert nut or nutmeg now and then, or three times a-day, a little before din- ner. 288.—Recipe, Pulveris Cinchonas, unciam unam ---------Serpentarios, drachmas tres Syrupi simplicis, quantum sufficit ut flat electuarium, quod decedente paroxysmate totum capere debet asger, ante accessum febris sequentem. As much as is sufficient that an electuary may be made, the whole of which the patient ought, to take when the paroxysm is over, and before the attack of the succeed- ing one. 2.-9.—Recipe, Confectionis Senna?, unciam unam Fiat linctus, sumendus subinde lambendo. Mittatur in narthecio. Let a linctus be made, to be taken occasion- ally by licking. Let it be sent in a gallipot. FORMS FOR LINCTUSES, ETC. 261 290.—Recipe, Confectionis Rosas, unciam unam Aluminis Pulveris, drachmam unam Misce. Imponatur parvulum assiduo linguae, ut solu- tum ibi oblinat et sic lente deglutiatur. Mix. Let a little very frequently be placed on the tongue, that, being dissolved there, it may diffuse itself (over the tongue,) and thus he slowly swallowed. 291.—Recipe, Pulveris Uvos Ursi, unciam unam Syrupi Aurantii, quantum sufficit ut fiat electuarium debitas spissitudinis, cujus molem nucis moschatas, bis in die, paulatim delingat. As much as may he sufficient that an electuary may be made, of the proper thickness, of which let the patient siuallow gra- dually the size of a nutmeg twice a-day. 292.—Recipe, Aceti Colchici, uncias duas Mellis, uncias quatuor Misce, et super leni foco, saspius agitando, cochleare ligneo, coque ad mellis spissitudinem. Hujus oxymel- lis sumat osger cochleare parvulum ter die. Mix, and boil over a slow fire, to the thickness of honey, fre- quently stirring with a wooden spoon; of this oxymel let the, patient take a tea-spoonful three times a-day. 293.—Recipe, Menthae viridis Foliorum recentium, uncias quatuor Sacchari purificati, uncias duodecim Folia mortario lapideo contunde, tum adjecto saccharo, iterum contunde, donee corpus sit unum. Beat the leaves in a stone mortar, then, the sugar being added, again beat, until they unite into a mass. 294.—Recipe, Hujus Confectionis, scrupulos quatuor Fiat bolus, statim sumendus, et tertiis horis repetendus, urgente aegritudine ventriculi. Let a bolus he made, to be taken immediately, to be repeated every third hour, if the sickness be troublesome. 262 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. CHAP. VII.—Forms for External Applications, etc 295.—Recipe, Mica; Panis, libram Liquoris Plumbi Diacetatis diluti, quantum sufficit ut madescat panis. As much as may be sufficient, that the bread may be rendered moist. 296.—Recipe, Conii Foliorum exsiccatorum, unciam Coque ex aquae octariis duobus cum semisse ad octa- rios duos, et cola: panni lanei hocce decocto calido madefacti, deinde expressi, parti affectae imponantur, et saspius renoventur. Boil in two pints anel a half of water to two pints, and strain: let woollen cloths, mois- tened in this decoction, and then wrung out, be applied to the part affected, and frequently renewed. 297—Vespere utatur pediluvio tepido. Let thepa- tient use the tepid bath in (he evening. 298.—Recipe, Unguenti Hydrargyri fortioris, unciam Hujus unguenti affricetur drachma una femoribus in- tends ante focum singulis noctibus, donee ptyalismus cieatur. Let one drachm of this ointment be rubbed into the inner part of the thighs every night before the fire, until ptyalism be produced. 299.—Fricetur corpus, hora decubitus, aut lana vel strigile. Let the body be rubbed, at bed-time, with either a flannel or a brush. 300.—Recipe, Pyrethri Radicis contriti Mastiches, ana, drachmam Fiant lege artis, ad ignem, masticatoria duo; tencat osger ssepius in ore, et manducet hujusmodi medica- mentum, expuatque salivam. Let two masticatories be made, according to the rules of art, by [the aid of] heal; let the patient frequently hold a medicine of this kind in his mouth; let him chew it, and spit out the saliva. 301.—Sufflet osger fauces ejus cum vapore ex Acidi FORMS FOR EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS, ETC. 263 Sulphurici uncia. dimidia, cui primum adjunctos fuerint Chloridi Sodii uncise duse. Let the patient fumigate his throat with vapour from half an ounce of sulphuric acid, to which should first be added two ounces of chloride of sodium. 302.—Recipe, Picis liquidas, sesquiunciam Sulphuris sublimati, semiunciam Ceras flavae, unciam Lento igne liquefac, ut fiat unguentum. Melt by a gentle heat, that an ointment may be made. 303.—Recipe, Olei Oliva;, unciam Ceras alhce, drachmas duas Misce. Fiat linimentum, quocum illinantur partes de- nodatae bis quotidie. Mix. Let a liniment be made, witht which let the denuded parts be anointed twice a- day. 304.—Inhaletur pulmonibus iEtheris Sulphurici va- por ter quotidie. Let the vapour of sulphuric cether be inhaled three times in a day. 30,").—Recipe, Dauci Radicis, quantum sufficit. Coque in aqua ad aptam mollitiem ; in pulpam deinde contunde. Boil in water to a proper consistence, then beat into a pulp. , . 30G.—Recipe, Liquoris Plumbi Acetatis diluti, octa- rium Lintea quadruplicata, hocce liquore frigido madefacta, partibus, infiammatis applicentur, et ssepius renoventur. Let linen, four times folded, and moistened with this cold liquid, be applied to the inflamed parts, and re- newed frequently. 307.—Recipe, Magnesia; Sulphatis, unciam Juris avenacei, octarium dimidium Olei Oliva;, semiunciam, vel Butyri, quantitatem jualandis Misce pro encmate statim injiciendo. Mix for an ene- ma to he injected immediately. 2C4 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. 30S.—Exscindatur pars morsa, et postea applicetur vulneri Potassa fusa. Let the bitten part be cut out, and fused potash afterwards applied to the wound. 301).—Recipe, Pulveris Asari --------Vcratri, ana, drachmam --------Glycyrrhizae, drachmas duas Misce. Fiat pulvis, cujus aliquantillum naribus insuf- fletur ante decubitum, ad sternutamentum excitandum. Mix. Let a powder be made, of which let a small por- tion be snuffled up the nostrils before lying down (i. e. bed-time,) to excite sneezing. 310.—Inungatur hypochondrio sinistro scrupulus Unguenti Hydrargyri fortioris, undecima hora ante me- ridiem, et quarta post meridiem indies. Let a scruple if the stronger mercurial ointment be rubbed into the left hypochondrium at eleven o'clock in the forenoon, and at four o'clock in the afternoon, daily. 311.—Recipe, Lapidis Calaminaris, drachmam Eo conspergantur partes adfectae, sub qualibet deliga- tione. Let the affected parts be sprinkled with it, under any bandage. 312.— Recipe, Liquoris Potassae, drachmam Aquas fontanae, uncias sex Misce. Hujus liquoris tepidi, quantum cavo capi po- test, quotidie bis injiciatur in aurem .Tgram supinatam, ac detineatur per aliquot minuta, dein aure prona rur- sus emittatur. Mix. Let as much of this tepid li- quor as can be taken by the hollow (the concha and meatus auditorius externus) be injected, twice a-day, into the diseased ear (placed upwards,) and let it be kept there for some minutes ; then let it be afterwards evacuated, the ear being turned downwards. 313.—Recipe, Zinci Oxydi, drachmam Fiat pulvis, inclusus sindone rara; excutiatur super parte excoriata, prius detersa. Let a powder be made, to be enclosed in fine linen; let it be sprinkled over the excoriated part, first cleansed. FORMS FOR EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS, ETC. 265 314.—Recipe, Cretae praeparatae, unciam In partes excoriatas ex gossipio asperge. Sprinkle it from cotton on the excoriated parts. 315.—Admoveatur parti adfectae spongiola aqua ca- lida imbuta. Let a small sponge, wetted with warm water, be applied to the part affected. 316.—Vesica suilla, aqua, calida ad dimidium repleta, admoveatur lateri dolenti; firmetur ligamine, turn su- perponatur sacculus arena, calidissima plenus, qui fri- gescens iterum calefiat, aut ei mox substituatur alius jam calefactus. Continuentur haec donee dolor remise- rit. Let a pig's bladder, half filled with warm water, be applied to the painful side. Let it be fastened on by a band; then let a little bag, filled with very hot sand, be placed upon it, (and) which cooling, is again to bt made hot, or let another already made hot be afterwards substituted for it. Let this be continued until the pain shall have abated. 317.—Cataplasma calidum, irroratum prius tantillo Spiritus Camphorae, applicetur cum pannis laneis parti adfectae, et vesica suilla oleo madefacta detineatur; re- novetur quolibet trihorio. Let a hot cataplasm, previ- ously moistened with a little spirit of camphor, be ap- plied, by means of tooollen cloths, to the affected part, and let a pig's bladder, moistened with oil, he kept on (there:) let it he renewed every third hour. 318.__Admoveatur calidum cataplasma parti affectae, cum panno linteo quadruplicato. Let a hot cataplasm be applied to the part affected with linen four times 3lV— Recipe, Unguenti Hydrargyri Nitrico-Oxydi Unguenti Resinae, ana, semiunciam Misce. Fiat unguentum, quo leniter inungatur locus adfectus, ac dein tegatur Emplastro Plumbi, super alu- tam extenso. Mix. Let an ointment be made, with 23 266 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. which let the affected place be slightly anointed, and then covered with lead plaster, spread upon leather. 320.—Recipe, Hydrargyri Chloridi, drachmam Adi- pis Suillae, unciam unam Misce. Super pannum linteum extende, et cuti affectae applica. Mix. Spread [it] upon leather, and apply [it] to the affected skin. 321.—Hauriatur vapor calidus, ope infundibuli, in fauces. Let hot vapour be drawn into the fauces by means of a funnel. 322.—Recipe, Pulveris Opii, semidrachmam Unguenti Cetacei, unciam Misce; fiat unguentum. Hujus pauxillo inungatur lo- cus umbilici subinde; aut magnitudinis dimidia ju- glandis nucis, putamine decerpto eidem loco adponatur. Mix. Let an ointment be made. With a little of this let the umbilical region be anointed vow and then; or let a piece half the size of a walnut without its shell be applied to the same place. 323.—Recipe, Linimenti Saponis, unciam Liquoris Ammonias, drachmas quatuor Tinctura Opii, drachmam Misce. In languore aut paroxysmo hysterico, illinatur naribus, temporibus et casteris, hujus linimenti paulu- lum. Mix. Let a little of this liniment be rubbed on the nostrils, temples, &rc, in languor, or in the hysteric paroxysm. 321.—Recipe, Hydrargyri Bichloridi, grana decem Acidi Hydrochlorici, semidrachmam Aquas Posse, uncias decem Misce. Tantillo hujus liquoris laventur, mane et ves- pere, partes infestatac. Mix. Let the infested parts be washed, morning and evening, with a little of this li- quor. 325.—Recipe, Pulpas Colocynthidis, drachmam Olei Olivarum, unciam FORMS FOR EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS, ETC. 267 Misce, et coque leni igne, donee pulpa torqueri videa- tur; dein massam adhuc calentem cola, et cum ea illi- natur abdomen, et praecipue umbilici regio. Mix, and boil over a slow fire, until the pulp appears to be crisp ; then strain the mass while hot, and let the ab- domen, and especially the umbilical region, be anointed with it. 326.—Recipe, Zinci Oxydi, drachmam Aquas Rosas, uncias octo Misce. Fiat collyrium, quo concusso imbutum lin- teum quadruplicatum imponatur oculo adfecto. Mix. Let a collyrium be made, with which, when shaken up, quadruplicate linen is to he moistened and applied to the affected eye. 327.—Recipe, Unguenti Hydrargyri Nitratis, un- ciam Cerati Saponis, unciam dimidiam Misce. Hujus tantillo illinantur palpebra; omni ves- pere, cubitum ituro, ope pluma; mollis. Mix. Let the eyelids he anointed, by means of a soft feather, with. a little of this, every evening when the patient is about to go to bed. 328.—Recipe, Tincturae Cantharidis, unciam dimi- diam Linimenti Saponis, sesquiunciam Misce. Fiat linimentum, quo partes adfectae perfri- candae sunt, et postea tegantur lanula. Mix. Let a liniment be made, with which the affected parts are to he rubbed, and afterwards let them he covered with flan- nel. 329.—Recipe, Camphorae, drachmam Olei Amygdalarum, unciam Misce, et instilla guttas quatuor auri, pro re nata. Mix, and occasionally let four drops fall into the ear. 330.—Recipe, Extracti Opii, grana decem Tincturae Castorei, drachmam 268 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. Misce, et applicetur paululum, auri affectas, omni nocte cum gossipio. Mix, and let a little be applied with cot- ton to the affected ear every night. 331.—Recipe, Linimenti Saponis, unciam Tinctura; Opii, drachmam Misce. Fiat linimentum, cum panno laneo faucibus externis applicandum. Mix. Let a liniment he made ■to be applied with a woollen cloth to the external fauces. 332.—Recipe, Olei Amygdalae, unciam Camphoras, drachmam Misce, pro linimento, quocum tangantur papillae ter quaterve in die. Mix, for a liniment, with which let the nipples be touched three or four times a day. 333.—Recipe, Acidi sulphurici diluti, drachmam Solutionis Aluminis compositos, semi- unciam Aquas purse, uncias sex Probe commisceantur. Indatur nari ex qua sanguis stillat, turunda ex linteo raso, humectata hoc liquore et relinquenda illic, per dies duos. Let them be well mixed. Let a pellet of scraped linen [i. e. lint,] mois- tened with this liquor, be placed in the nostril from which the blood flows, and left there for the space of two days. 331.—Recipe, Florum Sambuci, libras duas Coque in aquas libris quatuor. Foveantur, eo decocto, saspius in die, caput, facies, oculi, aliaque partes ery- sipelate tentatac. Let the head, face, eyes, and other parts affected with erysipelas, be fomented with this decoction frequently during the day. 335.—Recipe, Decocti Hordei, libram dimidiam Magnesins Sulphatis, uncias duas Fiat enema, urgente tenesmo injiciendum. Let an enema be made, to be injected when the tenesmus is troublesome. 336.—Recipe, Tinctura; Lyttas, drachmas quatuor FORMS FOR FXTERNAL APPLICATIONS, ETC 269 Liquoris Ammonias, unciam Linimenti Saponis, drachmas duas Misce; fiat linimentum, quo guttur et postera pars colli perfricanda sunt, donee vesicas appareant, dein desiste per diem, et applica unguentum cetacei. Mix; let a liniment be made, with which the throat and pos- terior part of the neck are to be rubbed until vesicles appear; then desist for a day, and apply spermaceti ointment. 337.—Recipe, Farinas Lini, libram Aquae bullientis, quantum sufficit Ut fiat cataplasma admovendum calide loco adfecto; renovetur quater de die; cum arescat tantillo butyri insnlsi emolliatur. That a cataplasm may be made, to be applied hot to the part affected; let it be renewed four times in the day ; when it becomes dry, let it be softened with a little fresh (i. e. unsalted) butter. 338.—Admoveantur lintea aqua frigida madefacta, vel si fieri possit glacies, raso capiti. Let linen wetted with cold water, or ice, if it can be done, be applied to the shaven head. 339.—Recipe, Micas Panis, duas Tincturas Lyttae, uncias duas Decocti Papaveris, quantum sufficit ut fiat cataplasma. Applica hoc ad cutem per horaa dimidium, aut tamdiu donee inflammationem satis mag- nam excitatam, dolor fervidus, et rubor partis tumentis testentur. Apply this to the skin for half an hour, or at least until the intense pain and redness of the swol- len part show that sufficient inflammation has been ex- cited. 340.—Recipe, Calaminaris Pulveris, unciam Cretas prasparatas, semiunciam Fiat pulvis. Intra linteum consutum applicetur, reno- vando simul ac maduerit. Let a powder be made. Let 23* 270 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. it be applied, sewed up in linen, and renewed as soon as it becomes moist. 341.—Recipe, Pulveris Opii, grana quinque Saponis, drachmam Misce, et fiat suppositorium, post alvum exoneratum applicandum. Mix, and let a suppository be made, to be applied after the bowels have been evacuated. 342.—Foveantur gingivae aqua calida. Let the. gums be fomented with hot water. 343.—Recipe, Infusi Rosos, uncias sex Acidi Sulphurici diluti, drachmam Misce. Colluantur fauces hoc gargarismate. Mix. Let the fauces be washed vjith this gargle. 344.—Recipe, Olei Olivae, unciam Liquoris Potassae, drachmas duas Misce. Fiat linimentum; hujus pauxillo oblinatur ab- domen bis terve quotidie. Mix. Let a liniment be made, with a little of which let the abdomen be anointed twice or three, times daily. 345.—Recipe, Magnesias Sulphatis, unciam Tincturae Opii, guttas viginti quinque Jusculi, semilibram Fiat enema. Injiciatur hora somni tertia quaque nocte, ad tres vices, dein repetatur alternis noctibus usque ad quartam vicem, si opus sit. Let an enema be made. Let it be injected every third night, for three times ; then let it be repeated every other night, until the fourth time, if necessary. 346.—Recipe, Unguenti Hydrargyri Nitratis, un- ciam dimidiam Unguenti Cetacei, unciam Misce. Hujus unguenti, pauxillum, ope penicilli ca- melini, oculo affecto applicetur nocte et mane. Mix. Let a little of this ointment be applied to the affected eye, by means of a camel's hair pencil, night and morning. FORMS FOR EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS, ETC. 271 347.— Recipe, Aluminis, scrupulum Cretas praeparatae, drachmam Misce diligentissime, ut fiat pulvis, cujus inspergatur pauxillum super mamillas pro re nata. Mix very care- fully, that a powder may be made, of which let a little be occasionally sprinkled upon the nipples. 348.— Admoveatur Extractum Belladonuae supercilio et regioni supra-orbitali vespere. Let the extract of deadly nightshade be applied to the eyebrow and the supra-orbital region. 349.—Recipe, Hydrargyri Chloridi, grana duo Sacchari albi, scrupulum Fiat pulvis, cujus parum infietur, ope calami, in ocu- lum affectum, semel vel bis in die. Let a potvder be made, of which let a little be blown into the affected eye, by means of a quill, once or twice in a day. 350.—Recipe, Radicis Dauci, libram Coque in aquae fontana; quanto sufficit, et per setaceum trajice pulpam, cui adde unciam dimidiam adipis, ut fiat cataplasma, calide adhibendum. Boil in a suffi- cient quantity of spring-water, and pass the pulp through a sieve, to which [i. e. the pulp] add half an ounce of lard, that a cataplasm may he made, to be ap- plied hot. 351.—Vespere appropinquante, si opus sit, injiciatur clysma heri praescriptum. Let the clyster, prescribed yesterday, be injected the approaching (i. e. next) eve- ning, if necessary. 352.—Fiat setaceum ad medium brachium. Let a seton be made in the middle of the arm. 353.—Foveantur artus cum Decocto Anthemidis. Let the joints be fomented with decoction of chamomile flowers. 354.—Recipe, Conii Foliorum, uncias duas Aquae ferventis, libras duas Colatura sit pro fotu, qui cum pannis laneis parti af- 272 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. fectas admoveatur mane horis duabus antequam e lecto assurgat, et nocte post decubitum, donee symptoma penitus evanuerit. Let it be strained for a fomentation, which let be applied with woollen cloths to the affected part for two hours in the morning before the patient gets up, and at night after going to bed, until the symptom shall have entirely vanished. 355.—Recipe, Tincturae Opii, drachmam Linimenti Saponis, unciam Fiat linimentum, cum quo bene fricentur tempora et detonsum caput. Let a liniment be made, v>ith which let the temples and shaved head be well rubbed. 356.—Inhalet singulis noctibus, in lecto, vaporem aquas calida;, cui, tempore usus, adde cochlearia duo minima Athens rectificati. Let the patient inhale the. vapour of warm water every night in bed, to which [i. e. the water] at the time of use, add two tea-spoon- fuls of rectified ether. 357.—Exploretur vesica urinaria, ope catheteris, et extrahatur urina. Let the urinary bladder be explored by means of the catheter, and let the urine be drawn off. 358.—Colluantur os et gingivae bis terve in die cum Tincturae Myrrhae guttis viginti in aquae tepidas cyatho. Let the gums be washed twice or thrice a day with tvjenty drops of tincture of myrrh, in a cupful of warm water. oo:.).—Recipe, Hydrargyri Oxidi cinerei, scrupulum, vel Hydrargyri Bisulphureti, semidrach- mam Fiat pulvis pro fumigatione, faucibus internis, omni nocte more solito, adhibendus. Let a pou-der be made for a fumigation to the internal fauces, to be used every night in the accustomed manner. 360.—Fiat fonticulus crure, infra vel supra genu. Let an issue be made in the leg, below or above the knee. FORMS FOR EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS. 273 361.—Instituatur paracentesis abdominis et educa- tur aqua. Let lapping of the belly be performed, and let the water be drawn off. 362.—Affricetur parti affectos singulis noctibus Un- guenti Hydrargyri fortioris, magnitudo fabos equinas; deinde applicetur cataplasma ex Liquore Plumbi Ace- tatis diluto, Mica Panis et Farina Lini. Let the size of a horse-bean of strong mercurial ointment be rubbed into the part affected every night; then let a cataplasm of di- lute solution of acetate of lead, with crumb of bread and linseed meal, be apphed. 363.—Recipe, Argenti Nitratis, scrupulum Aquos destillatos, uncias sex Fiat mistura, et cum hac illinatur partes affectos singu- lis noctibus hora somni, prius detersos; vel linteum in eadem madefiat, et per totam noctem gestetur. Let a mixture be made, and with this let the parts affected, first cleansed, be anointed every night at bed-time; or let linen be moistened with the same, and worn during the whole night. 364.—Utatur balneo, ad gradum nonagesimum cale- facto, bis in septimana. Let the patient use twice a-week a water-bath heated to ninety degrees. 365.—Recipe, Fellis Bovis, uncias duas Olei Amygdalarum, semiunciam Misce. Fiant guttos acoustics©, bis die applicandos. Mix. Let the acoustic (i. e. for the ear) drops be made, to be applied twice a-day. 366.—Utatur seger equitatione subinde, si fieri possit. Let the patient use horse exercise now and then, if possible. 367.—Mittatur fistula armata. Let an armed clyster- pipe (i. e pipe and bladder) be sent. 368.—Recipe, Zinci Sulphatis, scrupulum Aquos puros, uncias sex Misce. Fiat injectio, quss ex syphone eburneo in ure- 274 UNABBREVIATED PRESCRIPTIONS. thram injiciatur mane et nocte. Mix. Lei an injeclion be made, which let be injected from an ivory syringe into the urethra morning and night. 369.—Recipe, Liquoris Ammonias Acetatis, unciam Ammonia; Hydrochloratis, drachmas duas Aquas, libram Fiat lotio, nocte, cubitum ituro, tumoribus applicanda. Mitte lihras duas cum directione propria. Let a lotion be made, to be applied to the tumours at bed-time. Send two pounds, with a proper direction. 370.—Fiat fonticulus purulentus ad medium brachium, ope Potassae fusae. Let an issue be made in the middle of the arm by means of fustd potash. 371.—Caute tangantur clavi Acido Sulphurico, ope penicilli; dein tegantur Emplastro Plumbi. Let the corns be cautiously touched with sulphuric acid by means of a pencil, then let them be covered over with lead plaster. 372.—Recipe, Unguenti Cetacci, unciam unam Pulveris Opii, scrupulum dimidium Fiat unguentum, cujus paululum pro re nata applicetur, urgente ani prurigine. Let an ointment be made, of which let a little be occasionally applied when itching of the, anus is troublesome. 373.—Recipe, Linimenti Camphoras, sesquiunciam Tincturos Cantharid'i3, unciam dimi- diam Misce. Fiat linimentum, quocum fricetur pars affecta ter quaterve indies. Mix. Let a liniment be made, with which let the part affected be rubbed three or four times in a day. 374.—Recipe, Nicotianae, drachmam Aquae communis, octarium Coque per sextam partem horas et cola; adde liquori Sodas Sulphatis, uncias duas FORMS FOR EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS. 275 Solve, et fiat enema,statim injiciendnm, contra insultos apoplecticos vel affectus soporosos adhibendum. Dis- solve, and let an enema be made, to be applied imme- diately, to be used against apoplectic attacks or soporific affections. 375.—Mitte Emplastrum Galbani super alutam in- ducendum. Send a galbanum plaster, spread upon leather. 376.—Adhibeatur lavatio, frigida vel tepida, prout aegro gratius erit. Let either cold or tepid washing be used, according as it may be more agreeable to the pa- tient. 377.—Capilli radantur, et caput postea panniculo lo- tioni frigids\ imbuto circumdetur. Let the hair [of the head] be shaved off, and afterwards let the head he sur- rounded with a cloth moistened with the cold lotion. 378.—Recipe, Hydrargyri Bichloridi, grana decern Aquae puras, uncias decem Misce. Hoc liquore, ter de die, injiciatur ulcus, ope siphonis; post singulas injectiones materia relinquatur intra ulcus, et coerceatur per dimidium horae, clausis omnibus aperturis; tumque externe prematur lenitur ulcus, ut liquor ejectus per omnes sinus et meatus pro- pellatur. Mix. Let the ulcer he injected with this li- quor three times in a day, by means of a syringe ; after each injection let the matter (liquid) he left within the ulcer, and let it be kept there for half an hour, all the apertures being shut; and then let the ulcer be lightly pressed externally, that the ejected liquor may he pro- pelled through all the sinuses and passages. 379.—Recipe, Decocti Malvce compositi (cum Foe- niculi Seminum contusorum drach- mis tribus,) uncias quatuordecim Fiat enema, statim tepide injiciendum. Let an enema he made, to be immediately injected warm. INDEX OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS, TERMS AND EXPLANATORY NOTES. Pa?e Page Abbreviations.. ....... 104 ...... 87 ........ 75 ..... 143 ....... 140 Aloe......... 109, 140, 144 ......1 . 49, 52 ..... J. 79 ..... 105 .....J Amplitudo......... ....... 64 ........ 29 88, 144 Acetas............ . 141, 145 ...... 13 ....... 141 ...... 71 . 141, 145 .. 25,26 ....... 105 ...... 47 Acorus........... ....... 141 ..... 147 ........ 42 ...... 29 .... 41, 45 ....... 41 ... 24, 29 ...... 78 ......... 14 , 93, 108 ......... 29 ...... 59 ......... 66 ....... 28 ........ 81 ....... 90 ........ 133 ....... 91 ......... 46 ..... 145 ........ 61 . 24, 73 Ala.............. ......... 74 ...... 24 ....... 114 ...... 77 24 278 ini Page Asella................. 89,90 Asellus............... 89, 9<) Asperus................... 73 Atropa................... 1-12 Aura.................. 45, 46 Auricula.................. 73 Auris...................... 73 Aurora.................... 69 Avena..................... 88 Baccas.................... 136 Bacillus................... 95 Balineum................. 58 Balneum.................. 58 Barba...................... 39 Basis....................... 14 Baths...................... 58 Battery (electrical)..... 44 Bibo........................ 66 Bic......................... 96 Bichloridum............ 145 Bin......................... 96 Bini........................ 74 Blister.................... 35 Blood-letting, general 22 local 27 Body, parts of........... 72 Brachiale................. 48 Brachium................. 74 Bread...................... 88 Bracherium.............. 97 Brasium................... 88 Bronchus................. 73 Bronchium............... 73 Bucca..................... 73 Byne....................... 88 Page Cacao...................... 93 Csesaries.................. 39 Calc. Chlor............. 105 Calamus.................. 97 Calidarium............... 59 Calomel............. 99, 131 Calor....................... 58 Camphora............... 142 Canalicus................. 46 Cantharus................ 63 Cnpillitium.......... 38, 39 Capillus.............. 38, 39 Carbonas........ ....... 145 Carburetum............ 144 Cataplasma.............. 34 Catechu................. 188 Catena.................... 45 Catharsis................. 49 Catheter.................. 56 Cathode.................. 47 Cephaelis................ 146 Cerevisia................ 92 Cervix................"I -., Cervices..............j Charta................... 96 Chest (of an Irishman) 74 Chirayta............. I 13g Chiretta.............. $ Chloride of sodium... 102 Chloridium .,........ ... 144 Chocolata............... 93 Cibus.................. 78, 87 Cincinnus............... 39 Cingula.................. 48 Clavicula................ 76 INDEX. 279 Page Page 59 .. 139 ...... 52 .. 63 ■ > oz . 79 ...... 63 .. 25 ....... 63 .. 41 ...... 63 .. 25 Cod oil............ ....... 90 Diseresis or dialysis .. 140 Coffea , 93 .. 54 Col................. ...... 105 .. .87 ....... 133 .. 44 Collar............. ....... 48 Diseases, signs of.. .. 76 ...... 72 .. 55 ....... 46 Drachms, signs for. .. 55 ....... 39 .. 62 ... 45, 47 .. 120 ....... 60 .. 51 ....... 43 .. 113 ...'.... 44, Duo.................... .. 74 ....... 143 ....... 14 .. 51 104 ' T .. 61 ....... 49 Eggs.................. .. 116 ....... 14 .. 112 ....... 109 .. 42 ....... 60 .. 46 ....... 23 .. 46 ....... 74 .. 46 .. 59 ....... 29 .. 56 ....... 29 34, 35 .. 144 ....... 63 .. 57 ....... 28 .. 35 ....... 144 .. 55 280 Page Exacerbatio............ 78 49 Fsex................. Fseces............... Fasciculus.............. 112 Ferrocyanidum.. 141, 145 Ferrum............... 28, 32 Festuca.................. 43 Fonticulus.............. 40 Food..................... 87 Formula................. 13 Fortis............... 92, 105 Frictio................ 37, 45 Frigidarium... ........ 59 Galvanism.............. 46 Gelidus.................. 61 Gena..................... 73 Generalis................ 22 Gilding pills............ Ill Glutio.......... ......... 66 Grammatical construc- tion of prescriptions 124 Gummi.................. 113 Guttur................... 72 Hairs.................... 39 Hepar.................... 75 Hirudo................... 30 Homo.................... 133 Hydr..................... 105 Hydragogum........... 51 Hydroc.................. 104 Hypocaustum......... 60 Hypochondrium....... 75 Hypogastrium......... 75 Tago Ictus.................... 45 Ilia....................... 75 Incrementum ....•...... 79 Inscriptio.............. 16 Instar.................... 05 Instruments, pharma- ceutical............... 93 Instruments, surgical. 97 Insultus................. 79 Inunction............... 31 Iodas..................... 115 Iodidum................. Ill Issues.................... 40 Jecur..................... 75 Jugulum.............> 72 Jugulus............... ) Julapium............."| Julepum.............. >- 114 Julepus...............J Kali...................... 114 Labrum.............. 60,72 Laconicum.............. 59 Lambo................... 27 Language of prescrip- tions................... 19 Larynx.................. 72 Lavatio.................. 58 Lectus.................. 90 Leeches.................. 30 Leipothymia............ 25 Levis..................... 31 Ligula.................... 63 Liquor................... 141 281 Page Lumbus................. 75 Luteus................... 143 Magnetism.............. 48 Magnitudo.............. 64 Mala.............>....... 73 Malagma................ 34 Mane..................... 69 Maneo................... 90 Manipulus........ 113, 115 Mastiche................ 137 Measures................ 122 Medicines, effects of.. 80 Meruni................... 91 Minutum................ 115 Moles.................... 64 Nares.................... 72 Nasus.................... 72 Natus.................... 71 Netum................... 45 Nitras.................... 145 Nomenclature.......... 99 Norma................... 35 Nucha................... 72 Nudius.................. 68 Nycthemerum......... 69 Ounces............ 104, 105 Oxydum................. 144 P.......................... 17 Paroxysmus............ 79 Pastillum............... 34 Penicillum........... 27, 80 Page Penicillus............ 27, 80 Peroxydum............. 145 Pervigilium............. 77 Phoenigmoi............. 35 Phlebotomia............ 23 Pillow of hops......... 62 Pilula perpetua........ 71 Pinna.................... 73 Plaga..................... 31 Plasters................. 34 Polenta.................. 89 Portio.................... 62 Potas..................... 106 Potassium............... 139 Prsescriptio............. 13 Pronunciation.......... 135 Prosodiacal Vocabu- lary.................... 146 Ptarmicus............... 55 Ptyalismus............. 78 Pugillus................. 117 Pulvinar................. 62 Purging................. 48 Purpureus.............. 143 Recepta................. 13 Recetta.................. 13 Recipe.......... 13, 17, 120 Richardsonia........... 138 Rivus.................... 26 Saltern................... 27 Sanguis.................. 22 Sanguisuga............. 30 Scabellus................ 45 °82 Page Scalpellus.............. 26 Scarificatio............. 32 Scintilla................. 45 Scintillula............... 45 Scyphus................. 63 Sedes.................... 49 Sella..................... 45 Senega................... 144 Sericum................. 36 Setaceus................. 41 Setons................... 40 Shaving................. 38 Signatura............... 18 Sinapismi............... 35 Sneezing................ 54 Soda..................... 126 Spoonful................ 64 Sternutamentum...... 54 Stools.................... 48 Strigil.................... 60 Sudatorium............. 61 Suggestus............... 45 Sulph..................... 106 Sulphas................. 145 Sulphuretum........... ]44 Sum. more dicto....... 115 Sweating................ 54 Syncope................. 25 Tage Syntax.................. 121 Taffeta................... 31 Teeth..................... 32 Tela...................... 35 Temetum................ 91 Tempora................. 119 Tepidarium............. 59 Thermos................. 58 Time..................... 66 Translated prescrip- tions .................. 206 Trochischi.............. 31 Vehiculus............... 91 Vesicatorii.............. 35 Vicis.................... <52 Vigilios.................'. 77 Vocabulary, Prosodia- cal..................... 116 Vomiting................ 52 Weights................. 122 Wines................... 91 Worms.................. 56 Xeres.................... 92 Xericus.................. 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