1895.] 31 [Boas. Salishan Texts. (Read before the American Philosophical Society, March 1, 1595.) Franz Boas. The following texts were collected in the winter of 1886-87 on the coast of British Columbia. As the languages which they represent are very little known, and as I do not see any prospect of adding in the near future to the material which I now possess, I consider it best to present the same as a slight contribution to our knowledge of the languages of the North Pacific Coast. Heretofore only brief vocabularies of these languages have been published. I have given grammatical notes on a few of them (Proceedings of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1891), but no texts which give the best insight into the structure of a language have been made known. After some hesitation, I have decided to make a few changes in the alphabet applied for recording these languages. Unfortunately the lim- ited facilities of the printing offices deny us the use of diacritical marks, so that a systematic phonetic alphabet is out of the question. After several years of use I have found the alphabet which I applied heretofore not sufficient for the needs of the phonology of the languages of the North Pacific Coast. I have, therefore, adopted the following scheme ; a, e, i, o, u have their continental sounds. E, obscure e, as in flower. a, aw in law. 6, o in roll (German). n, dorsal 1, similar to tl. q, velar k. k, English k. k‘, anterior k, similar to ky. x, velar, as cli in German Bach. x , as ch in German ich. c, English sh. y, as in year. ! denotes increased stress of articulation. Bilxula. This language is spoken on Bentinck Arm and Deans Inlet, on the coast of British Columbia. It represents the farthest northwestern offshoot of the Salishan stock. The texts are fragmentary and indiffer- ent versions of myths. Nos. 1 to 7 were told by a number of young women of the village of Satsq on Deans Inlet, the dialect of which differs slightly from that of Nuxa'lk-. The last tale was obtained from Nusk-e- -lu'sta, a young man from Nuxa'lk". REPRINTED FROM PROC. AMER. PHILOS. SOC., VOL. XXXIV, MARCH 21, 1895. Boas.] 32 [March 1, 1. The Snene'iq. ApsuLaq tu Lumstatx aneL xmac eL koana'ts tamnanau'tx. In the house a man and a woman and it cried their child. PoLskts ta Snene'iq an’ai'k-sk-e tk-snikics tarananau'tx. L’apskto'o It came the Snene'iq he intended to shoot him their child. He went ta Lumsta'tx sx-e tk-snic ta Snene'iqt. Atemasqto'o ta the man and he shot him the Snene'iq. He was dead the Snene'iqt. Nutse'exesktsal ta kSxlolE'mx-tx. K-anxmlx-i'skts Snene'iq. He dug a hole the ground. He did not return ta i.qnlx’t ta Snene'iqt ta mnastx. Laputskts ta Lqulx-t the old the Snene'iq his child. He went the old Snene'iqt ska koana'ts. P6nnqts'oqtx too'qtx ul Snene'iq and he cried. He went down the river down river when amatsutstx ska koana'ts. Aianma'o tsk-e'l6tsik sle'psdtau he sat down and he cried. They went up the river they returned wa spaaxo'nau al ta Snene'iq ta koana'tq. PoLa they they were afraid (of) the Snene'iq he he cried. koa'lotoqtx aqL wa s’a'lEmk-au aianma'o; tsakui'looq They went down the river they went up the river up the river; they went down slepsutelx'ao sdq’oa'o wa spaaxd'nau. PoLskts ta la'littx sk-a they returned they were afraid. He came the la'lit aud alß'mk’s sk-a anai'x'otsisk ta anusraEna'tx koana'ts ta he went up the river and together the the dead child they cried the Lumsta'tx ska amto'sis ta Snene'iqt. . Tsai'auts. Ta Snene'iqt man and sitting with him the Snene'iq. They stopped. The Snene'iq kMimskda'o ul ta la'littx : “Qama'its ti x-a'lo ti k-a ai'tomsx-’ind. Axko said to the la'lit: “My dear I wish to cry with you. Not aLnapali'ts ta mnaLts. AtEnia'ma ta mnats tix-alotik-a I know (where) the my child. Maybe he is dead the my child. ? ? aix-’ino ti k-a naix-x-6tsts. Ti si anai'tsx-’ats ala au'xoa wa ino ti k’ama'ts ? ? here to you the t’aix- ti La'lia t’aix-. L’aptuts ti La'lia t’aix-ul i'no tix'l’ai ti si the copper this. I give you the copper this to you this (to be a) stalto'mx-s ta mnans. Ank-lx- ke'x oa wa tons ta mnats? chief (for) the my child. Do you see it the house of the my child? Wix- anai'ats wa ssls ta mnaLts.” “A'xko, k-!x its,” tsutkts There it is the house of the my child.” “No, I (do not) see it,” replied ta la'littx. “Tspostse'no skei k-lx’ix- wa sols ta mnaLts.” the la'lit. “I will rub over your eyes and you see it the house of the my child.” “ KMx-itstsEn wa sols ta mna'Lno.” “Aiyai'x-ul i'no wa sols “I see it the house of the your child.” “I give to you the house of ta mnaLs ske stalt6'mx-nsts ska LLe'mno mo'sanmak-nd. the my child and you will be a chief and you will make a house you four times. Aitslo'ix-its’a'tsi ul ta Naust’ax.” Lapskts tasta apsd'Ls sk-a kuna'mskls I leave aud go to the Naus.” He found it the his town and he carried it o'ltsosqLqtx ai, tu sols ta Snene'iqt. Lok- ati smnt tu down the river out of the his house the Snene'iq. On top of the mountain the sols la Snene'iqt. his house the Snene'iq. 1895.1 33 [Boas. Translation. A man and his wife were in their house. Their child was crying. Then a Snene'iq came and wanted to shoot the child. Then the man (whose name was la'lit) shot the Snene'iq and killed him. He dug a hole in the ground and buried him. When the young Snene'iq did not return his father went down the river and cried. He sat down and cried. The people who went up the river saw him. They became afraid and returned home. Then la'lit went up the river and sat down with the Snene'iq and bewailed with him his lost child. When they stopped the Snene'iq said to la'lit; “My dear, I desired to cry with you. Ido not know where my child is. It may he it is dead. I will give you my child’s copper and you shall be a chief in his place. Do you see my son’s house. There it is.” la'lit replied : “I do not see it.” “I will rub over your eyes, then you will see my son’s house.” “Now I see your son’s house.” “I will give you my son’s house, and you will be a chief. Four times you shall build a house. Now I wdll leave this country and go to Naus.” la'lit found Snene'iq’s house and carried it down the river. The house was on lop of the mountain. 3. Wa'walis. Ani'skuiL in xmas Wa'walis aL tu sdnstx wa sx'L mna'naq ta qe'qte She was inside the wife of Wa'walis in the house and her child the little one. Xmia'iamis in xmas Wa'walis x-te ix-a'ans ti asx*. X'sxa'nskuiL She wished to eat the wife of Wa'walis the feet of the seal. Her sweetheart in xmas Wa'walis x-ta satsi'sx. X- snax enaxm'q Wa'walis ti the wife of Wa'walis one of his men. His slave Wa'walis the imilimi'lk- ti wixdtoelo'ok'atx ti pa'axns w6 sti tk-ak-aias. napsqto'o boy the one there sitting he steered and he shot. He went Wa'walis k-a numpa'ix’s sk-a anoai'k-s ala k'a asx’ k*a slax. Wa'walis and he went in his canoe and he desired the seals the many. Tk'atisq Wa'walis tsi qe'qte tsi aa'sxmi. napakmnisqtd'o Wa'walis skya He shot Wa'walis a small a young seal. He intended Wa'walis and isto'xis in a'sx-uin sk’a q’ali'x-tsis Qdxi'sqtoo xdo stxumtx. he cut it the seal and he boiled it with stones. He covered it with a mat. Ts'ssEmqt6'o. Walisqtb'o tu sooLslistx, xo'lisq ta La'lastx It grew dark. He landed at the house, he pushed into the the canoe water sk’a anai'x-'sqts sx'a q’oplixus in xmas in ul ta sxanstx. and he wished to he watched her the wife at her sweetheart. Nuk'alik1 to ti sun stskdus Wa'walis 6'la asa'nk-s ta apsontx. In the middle the night he arrived Wa'walis at at the beach the town. Taia'mkitstbo Wa'walis sk’aiasta'mkis ta me'lastx ul apso'Ltx. He pointed it Wa'walis he pointed the baton to the town. Tsito'niElx'sqtoo ta apso'Ltx. Axtsqqo ta sati'x-s Wa'walis They slept the town. He slept with her the man Wa'walis aL ta sols ta manstx. L’apsqtb'otx Wa'walis ul tu quLe'ixs at the house of the father. He went Wa'walis to the head part of tu sxetstanau'tx. Aiak’sqlo'o Wa'walis ats. LkmnskoiL iL xmas the her bed. He scratched Wa'walis he. She said the wife of Boas.] 34 [ March 1 , Wa'walis : “K-ixobix- ta tsk-tsdbk-s Wa'walis.” Sx-lik'tsto'o Wa'walis : “ I wish it would gnaw the stomach of Wa'walis.” He grew angry Wa'walis sk-a tai'exoisq x-ti tsito'ma ib xmasib. Tsito'milx-sqt Wa'walls and he threw (his baton) and she slept the woman. They slept in xmas ib en ti sxanstx. PobsqtSo Wa'walis sk-a ostxs the woman and her sweetheart. He came Wa'walis and he entered uii tu soLstx sk-a nik-a'psmis ta sati'x-stx. b’apsqto'o at the house and he cut off the head the man. He left Wa'walis usqa sk-a anux-ule'exuis ta t’E'naqs ta sati'x-bstx. Wa'walis outside and he took the head the head of the man. b’apsqto'o Wa'walis s'la e'k'li sk-a nubpis to q’aitx He left Wa'walis to far and he put into it the basket. x'wa aiiix’lix’ wa a'sx-üb. boiled meat of seal. KoanatsqtS'o ta ranais Wa'walis. Slaxs tu six’ts an tu sxetsta It cried the child of Wa'walis. Much the blood in the bed mna Wa'walis to ple'eqtuya ta sxans un xmas Wa'walis. child of Wa'walis the beheaded one the sweetheart of the wife of Wa'walis. Qotsisqto'o ib xmas Wa'walis ta mnai'nautx sk’a nut’a'xois She cleaned it the wife of Wa'walis the child and she washed it ta mnai'nautx, qots’is tu sxetstanau'tx. Tsits'mElx-sqtao ta the child, she washed the bed. It slept the mnai'naub Wa'walis. Aq’obiaqtoo ib xmas Wa'walis ta child of Wa'walis. She wrapped him up the wife of Wa'walis the sxanstx sk'a naptus osqa un tu ul tu asqat’atx. sweetheart and she carried him out of at her bed at the outside. Qoqxe'exuisqto'o. She covered him. P’alx'akto'o tu stanE'mts tu tsaatste'tx. laxoe'mqtau sk’a She rose the mother of the young man. They shall awake him and abps xdu susqoe'mtsq. “ Alatsixo'p’Elk’s ax qio'osip ?” bapskto'o eat the the younger brothers. “ Why don’t you uncover him ?” He went ta bqu'lax-ilix-itx sk-a qia'osis. Nusq’a'axEinsqtoo : “Ab the almost grown up and he uncovered him. He cried: “Now tiple'exts’Bntx qama'tsaia !” Koanatsqto'o tu tsaatste'tx. LetxumsqtS'o he has no head my dear!’’ He cried the youth. They assembled ta sta apss'bautx. “Wastdple'ex ta sati'xbs Wa'walis.” Tsai- theofthe town. “No head the man of Wa'walis.” liuatskto'o sk-a abi'txums sta apso'bautx. Po'bsqtoo Wa'walis sk-a Now all were assembled of the town. He came Wa'walis and isu'ts. “NuqEnki'laxsai'k-anix Wa'walis! wa stu ple'ex ta paddled. “ Put into the water your paddles, Wa'walis! for without head the sati'x-bno sxeins wa so'nxuats.” Tsk-tutskt6'o Wa'walis your man when the sun rose the sun.” He arrived Wa'walis nubqame'exuisqld'o ta q’aitx sk-a nuq’ba'nkis ib x-nas ib: he carried it the basket and he brought her food his wife: “b’akyani'x noo'mik-tux atu'xtsi sk-e'natix wa smatE'mx-nuts.” “Goon! takeout that and feed your people.” Nusmik-tusqto'ib to q’aitx. “ Tix-et’ai'x-?” “A'xko, qEnkye'tix* She took it out of the basket. “Is it that?” “No, it is below taia'mix-.” K-isqto'o ta q’omneq’obs ta sxa'nistx. “Tsix-sa'mats’ai what you like.” She saw the skull of the sweetheart. “ Why 1895.] [Boas. tsi nusq’a'axem at, atuste'ix-?” E'p’isqtoo Wa'walis ta mnai'natx. do you cry at that?” He took Wa'walis his child. Ep’isktuls ta La'liatx eq ta s’aLoqoala'stx ; nupalx'aqto'o. He took it the copper and the shamanistic implements; he went into the canoe. AuLe'mqtoo Wa'walis x’ta sta apso'Lstx sk-a wuntsi'maxlo They pursued him Wa'walis those of the town and they wanted to tight him k-a pakunixi'm. AtauatemqtQ'o Wa'walis nuix’ayaqetomkoalo'q and they overtook him. They pursued Wa'walis they were near him, iasta'mkisqq ta s’aLoqoa'lastx. AtEraanaqqo'o to aLau'Ltalutx. he pointed at them his shamanistic implements. They were dead these pursuers. S’ixmtse'squts Wa'walis ala nutsix’se'exe ala solu't. He paddled on the fjord Wa'walis on fjords to the sea. Tsalix'luame'mqtoo Wa'walis. They did not reach him Wa'walis. K-lx-isqto'o Wa'walis ta apso'Ltx q’opEmsqto'o wa sma'oL wa He saw Wa'walis a town smoking the one the sol,. Nuk-sa'axisqtoo Wa'walis ta Lala'stx sk-e exuusa'kias town. He lauded Wa'walis the canoe and he went into all the houses aL ta sdio'k'stx. Axko elo'k-. Ti k’ikMxus ti k-e L’u'msta. in the houses. No one was there. He saw a man. Anoai'x'sqts Wa'walis sk-a talari's ul in mEna's ta Lqulxdx He wished Wa'walis and to marry his daughter of the old man ta auk-au'aLtx. E'poisq Wa'walis tu sto'tsemstx hqulx'tx. the blind one. He took Wa'walis the boiled dried salmon of the old one. Tsalx’lioamisqto'o ta LqulxTx tu slume'istx tu stotsE'mtx. He did not find it the old one the boiled salmon the dried salmon. lik’Emsqto'o ta Lq’ulxTx ul iLtnuas’iii: “Qimai'ts, nuk-x-alexe'mtx He said the old man to his daughter; “My dear, lookback qamai'ts ul ti aiaxmi'tstski au ta s nu'kyakilstx-u'tsmiLts my dear, to the playing with the boiled food ul ti aiaxE'mtstski al ta sta apsouts tsu tama't’aix•” tu to the playing with those of the town ? ” he aLaLai'dts. “Tssna'o, aLai'dtsLnd, qamai'ts !” Nuk-x-alaxe'mq always said so. “Stop! do not talk, my dear !” She looked back aL qoalaix-a'lx-. “Tsxto'tsns. L’u'msta ta Li'tx-aL ino.” to the old man. “You speak the truth. A man he is near you.” Ais'tsqt6o q’oalaix'a'lx’ Wa'walis; “Anoai'kTs sk'a talau'sts ul He said to the old one Wa'walis: “I wish to and marry to tsi mna'no ts’aix-.” “Anoai'k' tsa'miluk k•!x•ailaix•to'mx• the your daughter this.” “I will who restores my eyesight ti xto tik-a ai'tdms ti k’a k’lx-ailai'xTdms ti k-a ta'laus ul tsi that one he ? he restores my eyesight he marries to the mnats ts’ai'x-.” “Talauststd'oLtsx* anoai'kxHs aL ti my daughter this.” “ I want to marry her I will at the manuts t’aix. TJsla'm aLi'lk-s ta sta apsd'Lno Lqamai'ts?” your daughter there. Where are those of the your town my dear?” “Lkoana'ats wa psliua'tas ta sta apso'Lts qaaxla'nauaLo'q “ Once I cried (?) those of the town they went for water ta sta apso'Lts. KmixTe'mq ta as’akyai'otsEmtoLS t’aix' those of the town. He devoured them the all of them that Boas.] 36 [March 1, al ti qxla t’aix-, qamai'ts. Lokoa'lats’ino ?” “SLokoaland'toox-’ in the water this, my dear. Are you a shaman?” “I am a shaman Ens.” “i/ak’anax k-!x-ailaix'to'mx'.” “ K!x-ailaix-t6'minotQ.’’ I.” “ Go on! restore my eyesight.” “ I shall restore your eyesight.” K-!x-ailaix-sqt6'o ta Lq’ulx-tx. SEraqlasqto'o ta qeqte'tx. He restored his eyesight the old one. He wanted to have water the little one. li’apsqtd'o ta snax-Enaxe'tx sk-a qa'axlas. K-nix-e'mqtoo x-ta He went the slave and fetched water. He devoured him the Sk-’amsk-tx. L’apsqtd'o Wa'walis sk-a iasta'mkis ta s’aLokoa'lastx. Sk-’amsk-. He went Wa'walls and he pointed the shaman’s imple- ments. AtEmasqtd'o ta Sk-’amsk-tx. Nusq’itsqto'o Wa'walis: “LaLani'x! He died the Sk-’amsk-. He cut him open Wa'walis: “Come! qamai'ts, k-!x-tix- wa smatErax-nutsx-. Anoai''k‘ts sk-a nitsmau my dear, see the your people. I wish he and make alive wa smatE'mx-nutsx.” “A'xko aLk-pau sk-a smatE'mx-ts. Axtxoaio'tsnd the your people.” “No they all and my people. Be silent k-a tEinsna'axLnomats k-a tEmsiaioLmainid'niats.” and they will he your slaves and they will he your servants.” L’apak-imtisqtd'o Wa'walis k’a nuta'xtis. Wulxla'akq’6 ti He healed them Wa'walis and he washed them. He limped the noma'o. PatsaLakimi'tsklut Wa'walis ta sna'axstx nut’a'xois. one. First he healed him Wa'walis the slave he washed him. Nut’axtisqto'o to aik-’em to aLatEma'tx sk-a snaaxa'qts Then he washed them those long ago the dead ones and they became slaves aL iL x-nas Wa'walis. Tsaiak-imsqtd'o sk-a mosanmak-sqts of the wife of Wa'walis. He finished and four times Wa'walis sk-a tskis wa mo'sue wa sol wa Lix-Liko'ooL wa Wa'walis and he made the four the houses the large the so'Lok-s sk-a staltd'mx-sts Wa'walis sk-a Lqoana'tsts Wa'walis houses and he was a chief Wa'walis and he became great Wa'walis sk-a stalt6'mx-s. and chief. i/apsqto'o iL x-nas Wa'walis sk-a nux-’a'p’is tu ts’i'maL an, She went his wife Wa'walis and she washed the intestines of tu asx’tx. Stsaisqluq wa sk'nixds 1l x-nas Wa'walis. the seal. She likes only one kind of food the wife Wa'walis. Poh’aktoo tu siii'ttx sk-a isutau' ; nmpemqto'o iL It came the killer whale; and paddled; he took her into his canoe the x-nas Wa'walis. “Wa'walis! nmpe'm iL xnasuno x-tu wife of Wa'walis. “Wa'walis! he took her into his the your wife the siu'tax.” Oqxisqto'o Wa'walis ta snax-E'nx'istx: “L’aLi'x killer whale.” . He said Wa'walis to his slave: “Come! canoe auLtiLt’a'x k’ma'nx’its iL ta x'nasts.” Iso'tsqtdo Wa'walis sk-a we will follow her recover the my wife.” He paddled Wa/walls and ai/auikis to siu'ttx. Aianmo'otskue'ldts’ik- Wa'walis. he followed it the killer whale. He stopped Wa'walis. Ah’episkoe'lots’ik- Wa'walis ta q’E'lx'sutx; s’aLipoLoosisqts ta He took it Wa'walis the rope; he let him down the snex-iutxe'stx. L’apsqtd'o Wa'walis sk-a mo'lEms sk-a slave. He went Wa'walis and he jumped into the water and 1895.] 37 1 Boas. ana'uLis il iL. QEnqEtxe'k’oe'lk- xemsqto'o wa so'nx-’uats. he followed the wife. Almost below it got day the sun. Tsk’tsqto'o Wa'walis ul ta koxlo'leimx-tx. K-!x-isqt6'o Wa'walis He arrived Wa'walis at the country. He saw Wa'walis ta qmo'oLank'tx ti k-tsa'tsaiis ta isumkumLe'tx ta lu the stout one the one who chopped wood the one who gathered fuel the qu'lx-’etx. Osek-a'msqtoo Wa'walis ul ta stntx. Qat’oLo'osakisqq old one. He entered Wa'walis in the tree. He broke off Wa'walis to tsi'eixtx. Koana'tsqq ta x-q’ulx-tx: anana' ! Wa'walis the wedge. He cried the old one: anana'! K-exL’e'ts’ama ta Lqmd'oLanx- ala tsi'extsau'a. “Q’ulaix-a'lx* He grew angry the stout one at his wedge there. “Old one! tsaio'tsx sk'B koana'tno. Anoai'k-noa sk-a aik-ekuni'ts atu'xtsi sk-a k'stuts. Axoa'kd aLX-ue'neinoLno ul tsi k-a x-nas tsi k-a and Ido it. Not do you know about her the woman her stop and cry. Do you wish and I repair that one a'nopmit k-a i'sut, qamai'ts?” “Tsix ma tsi aLkuni't he carried her into and he paddled, my dear?” “That one her he carried her his canoe into ta i ssl tsix-ma'to tsis nux-ema'xtsx- ala sols ti staltB'mx-tx-. the house that one she sits near the fire in the house of the chief. Tix'lo'otx- ti iskumLalo'sits k-a qa'axlatsmastu'ts k-a exsuLa'mx'its ? the I carry fuel and I carry water and I make fire at wa ssls ti stalt6'nix-tx-, k-a aLi'tsma aL ti nuLqta'tx- sk-a the house of the chief, and stay at the post and aL’iLE'mts. Wix-i'tsik-’ats sk-a wula'axits wa qxla'ts. stand upright. She is there and I pour out the water. Wix-i'tsik-’ats sk-a L’apno sk-a e'pix- tsi x-nasnutsx-.” LapsqtSo She is there and you go and take * her your wife.” He went Wa'walis sk-a e'pis iL x-nas iL. “L’ak-e'it, LE'mnd e'nsts’En ta Wa'walis and took the woman. “Come! rise lam the Wa'walis.” LEmsqto'o iL x-nai il. Tsatsqoa'LEmsqtSo qmd'oLa'nk-tx Wa'walis.” She arose the woman. He lay down the stout one aL to anuka-'laLis tu soLtx. Lapsqto'o Wa'walis sk-a aLepis in on the threshold of the house. He went Wa'walis and he carried her x-nas iL sk-a le'psutau ul to koxlsl§mx-au'tx. PalsaL kue'lots’ik* his wife and they returned to the their country. First Wa'walis onk-snemuts aL ta q’slx-tx. Q’atsatisqt6'o Wa'walis ta Wa'walis climbed up at the rope. He shook it Wa'walis the q’Elsx-utx. PoLsqtoo il x-nas iL ul ta La'las Wa'walis. Tu rope. She came the woman into the canoe Wa'walis. He tsapuktuya ta snax-E'naxis Wa'walis. Lapak'misqlo'o Wa'walis only bones the slave of Wa'walis. He wanted to heal him Wa'walis sk-a nitSE'mtus ta snax-enaxi'stx. L’apsqto'o Wa'walis sk-a and he made him alive the slave. He went Wa'walis and iso'ts ul ta koxlolE'mx-’autx. Letx-umsqt6'o ta sta apso'LS he paddled to the their country. They assembled those of the town smaqumaqo'ts snuk-lu'ts sinaqto'o ti s’atnL, sk-a Lqoana'ats one winter one the summer and he became great Wa'walis sk-a sta'ltomx-s ala ta koxld'lEinx-s in x-nas in. Wa'walis and a chief at the her country the woman. Boas.] 38 [March ], translation. The wife of Wa'walis and her child were staying in the house. She desired to have seal flippers to eat. One of Wa'walis’ men was her lover. Wa'walis went hunting and his young slave steered his canoe. He went to shoot many seals. He shot a young seal, which he cut up and boiled and covered with a mat. When it was dark he landed near his house. He pushed his canoe into the water. He wanted to watch his wife and her lover. At midnight he arrived at the beach in front of the town. He pointed his baton towards the town. Then the people fell asleep. Wa'walis’ man slept with her in the house of her father. Wa'walis went to the head part of her bed and scratched at the wall. His wife said : “ I wish (that mouse) would gnaw Wa'walis’ stomach.’’ Wa'walis grew angry. He stretched out his baton and the woman fell asleep. She slept with her lover. Then Wa'walis came and entered the house. He cut off the head of the man. Then he went out of the house and took the head of the man along. He went far away and put the head into a basket. He covered it with seal meat. Wa'walis’ child cried. The bed of the child was full of the blood of the beheaded lover of Wa'walis’ wife. She washed the child and the bed and the child went to sleep again. Then she wrapped up her lover and car- ried him out of her bed and out of the house. She covered him. (On the next morning) the mother of the young man arose (and told) his younger brothers to wake him. (They called him, but he did not stir.) “ Why don’t you uncover him?” The oldest one went and un- covered him. He cried: “O, my dear, he has no head !” The youth cried and the people assembled. “Oh, Wa'walis’ man has no head.” Nowall the people of the town had assembled. Then Wa'walis came paddling. (They cried :) “Put your paddles down, Wa'walis ! One of your men was (found) without head when the sun rose this morning.” Wa'walis arrived, carrying the basket, in which he brought food for his wife. “Come! take the basket:and feed our people” (he said). She took the basket: “Is it this (what you want to give me?” she asked). “No, what you like to have is below.” Then she saw the head of her lover. “Why do you cry on seeing this?” Wa'walis took his child. He took his copper and his baton and went into his canoe. The people of the town pursued him. They wanted to kill him. They came nearer. When they were near him he pointed his baton at them and his pursuers were dead. He paddled on the fjord towards the sea. They did not reach Wa'walis. (Soon) Wa'walis discovered a town. Smoke was rising from one of the houses only. Nobody was to be seen. He saw a man. Wa'walis wished to marry the daughter of this old, blind man. He took the boiled dried salmon of the old man. The latter could not find his salmon and said to his daughter : “Look back, my dear, somebody must be in the town and is playing with my food.” He always said so, and she replied : “Stop ! do not talk, my dear I” But then she looked back towards the 1895.] 39 [Boas. old man. (She saw the stranger and said :) “You spoke the truth ; a man is near you.” Wa'walis said to the old man; “ I wish to marry your daughter.” “I will give her to him who restores my eyesight.” “I want to marry her” (replied "Wa'walis). “Where are all the people of your town, my dear?” “ When they went to fetch water, that being in the water devoured them, my dear. Are you a shaman?” “Yes, lam a shaman.” “Then restore my eyesight.” “I shall restore your eye- sight.” He did so. Then Wa’walis’ child wished to have water. He sent his slave after water. Then (the monster) Skyamsky devoured him. Wa'walis went out, pointed his baton at it, and Skyamsky died. He opened its belly'- (and said): “ Come, my dear, and look at your people. I wish to resuscitate them.” (The old man said:) “They are not my people. Don’t say anything, they will be your slaves. They will be your servants.” Wa'walis washed them and healed them. One of them limped (because one of his bones was lost). Wa'walis first washed his slave and healed him. Then he washed those who had been dead long ago. They became slaves of Wa'walis’ wife. After he had finished, Wa'walis built four times large houses, and he became a great chief. Once upon a time Wa'walis’ wife went to wash the intestines of a seal. She liked only one kind of food. Then the killer whale came paddling and took her in his canoe. “Wa'walis ! the killer whale took your wife in his canoe.” Then Wa'walis said to his slave : “ Come, we will follow him and recover my wife.” Wa'walis went in his canoe and pursued the killer whale. He stopped. Then he took a rope and the slave let him down. Wa'walis jumped into the water and followed his wife. When he almost reached the bottom of the sea it grew light, and the sun was shining. Wa'walis arrived in a country and saw a stout old man who chopped a tree for fuel, Wa'walis hid in the tree and broke off the point of the (slave’s) wedge. The old man cried : ananah. He became angry on account of his wedge. (Wa'walis said :) “ Old man, stop crying. If you so desire, I will repair your wedge. Don’t you know about a woman whom a man carried away in his canoe, my dear?” “He carried her into the house, where she is sitting near the fire, in the house of the chief. I am going to carry fuel and water into the house. I shall make a fire. You stay behind the post of the house and wait. She will be right there. Then I shall pour the water into the fire. At that time you must go and take your wife.” Wa'walis went and took the woman. “Come, rise. lam Wa'walis.” She arose (and they went out). The stout man lay down on the threshold of the house (and made himself so big that the killer whale could not leave the house). Wa'walis took his wife along and they returned to their country. Wa'walis was the first to climb up the rope. He shook it and then the woman climbed into the canoe. Only the bones of the slave (whom Wa'walis had left in the canoe) remained. Wa'walis healed him and revived him. Then Wa'walis paddled to their country. They had been away one winter and one summer. The people assembled and he became a great chief in the country of his wife. Boas.] 40 [March 1, 8. The Creation of the Salmon. Tsalxdiwa'nakto'o stam SEmLX’akoa'la Yula'timot, Masmasa,la'nix They could not find it the salmon right Yula'timot, Masmasala'nix stam sEmLk’au'aL. Xeltotx qoax; sk’ix’a'alasnds sk’§ ti the real salmon. He went to fetch it the Raven ; he went to find it and the X’ma'noas. Oqxtix’stfi'o qoa'x skukuLxmastx TsuastE'lqs, its soul. They accompanied him the Raven his younger sisters TsuastE'lqs, Stsuak’tE'laqs, X’ilx-, Ask’ani'qs. Lapaqta'oqs sk’§ isu'tau; Stsuak’tE'laqs, X’llx’, Ask’ani'qs. They went and paddled; tsk’taqtfi'o iil ta sols ta sEmLk’tx. Iputisto'o ti qoa'xtx’ they arrived at the house of the Salmon. He hid them the Raven skukuLX’na'slx al ta siup’a'nxt. L’apaktfi'o his younger sisters at the point of land. It grew dark. They went sk’e nuk’’ixa'aqit tu Lalasa'axt tu SEmlk-, Laptutsta'uLk* ti and gnawed through the canoes of the Salmon. He went the qoa'xtx- sk-e aLpsta'omkua. A'laxits ti x’ma'nuostx’ ti Raven and they fed him. He wanted to steal the child of the SEmLk’. AxtSEmkstd'o ti qoa'xtx-. Xemsktfi'o, wa sp’alk’ts. Salmon. He lay down the Raven. It got day, that he rose. Xeras aLpstomktuts al ti e'noxtx. Tsaiutsktfi'o sk’a It got day they fed him again in the morning. It was finished and nupai'x’s ; sullx’tsemktfi'o x’te stalto'mx’tx. he loaded his canoe; he gave them traveling provisions the chief. AiutsktS'o qoa'x. “Tsixtx tsi mnanu'tsx- tsi k'auaLts He said to them the Raven. “ Her the your daughter the let her load it ul ti Lala'stx-.” Lapskto'o qoa'x sk-e nupai'ts. in the canoe.” He went the Raven and he went into the canoe. Lapskto'o iL mEna's ti stalto'mx- sk’e k’au'aLis She went the daughter of the chief and loaded his canoe qoa'x x’iL ms'nas ti stalto'mx’tx. Limaskto'o the Raven’s the daughter of the chief. He took her away qoa'x x’iL niE'nas ti staltS'mx’tx. Lapskto'ox qoax the Raven the child of the chief. He went the Raven sk’a isu'Lts; tsk’tskxto'o ul skukuLxma'stx. PoLskualo'ls ta and he paddled; they arrived at his younger sisters. He came the ma'ns iL tsa'atstei sk’a a'uL§m qoa'x. Xutsku'lx'skq tu father of the girl . and pursued the Raven. It foundered the Laia'stx. Anuk’ixua'aqLau TsuastE'lqs. Pols ti qoa'x sk’a canoe. They had gnawed it through TsuastE'lqs. He came the Raven and isoLs ul Nuxa'lk-, xtsa'mkix’ts qoa'x iL mE'nas paddled to Nuxa'lk-, he threw her into the water the Raven the child of ta SEmLk’. Siaxkts ta SEuiLk’ aL tu tEmtx. the Salmon. Many the salmon in the river. Translation. Yula'timot and Masmasaia'nix could not find the real salmon. Then the Raven went to fetch the soul of the salmon. His younger sisters TsuastE'lqs, Stsuak’tE'laqs, X’ilx’, and Askamiqs accompanied him. They went paddling in their canoe and reached the house of the Salmon. The Raven hid his younger sisters behind a point of land. When it was 1895.] 41 [Boas. dark they went and gnawed holes through the bottoms of the canoes of the Salmon. The Raven went and (the Salmon) fed him. He wanted to steal the daughter of the Salmon. The Raven laydown. When it got day he arose. Then they fed him again. When they had finished he loaded his canoe. The chief gave him traveling provisions. The Raven spoke ; “Let your daughter put them into my canoe.’’ The Raven went into his canoe. The chief’s daughter brought the load into the canoe. Then he took her (into the canoe) and paddled away. They arrived at (the place where he had left) his younger sisters. The girl’s father came and pursued the Raven, but his canoe foundered. The Raven’s sisters had gnawed it through. The Raven came to Nuxa'lk-. Then he threw the Salmon’s daughter into the water, (and since that time) there are many salmon in the river. 4. The Deer and the Raven. Alai'k-s atE'mas ti mna'is ti sx-pani'Ltx. Wa skoana'tsqts wa Long ago it was dead the child of the Deer. He cried he s’ai'mis ti sx-pani'Ltx- s’anusmE'nas: “ AnusuaLaxmai' ta always the Deer for his dead child: “Itisdead(?) the mnaLsai' ananai'k-s ta mnaLsai'. Annixme'q’ots anima'so wa my child, I cry an ana' for the my child. ? ? siai's ta mnaLsai' ananai'k-s ta mnaLsai'.” ? the my child I cry auana for my child.” PoLskto'o ti qoa'xtx- sk-a anai'x-otsis sk-a koana'ts : He came the Raven and sat down with him and cried; “Anoai'k-ts sk-a aLnai'x-otstsino an ta mnanno sk-a koanatiL, ‘‘l wish to and together with you to the your child and we cry, qamai'ts. AnusmEna'nsmak-s ala lau'atuxtsL koanatsmasa auxtsi my dear. Your dead child ? cry an ti anusmE'na x-ti mEnas, qamai'ts.” Ti qoa'xtx- slra about the dead child the his child, my dear.” The Raven and qe'exlix-is : “L’aix-L’aix-k-aik-aL ti squ'x-ts’ai,” koana'tsqts ti qoa'xtx* began: “ His legs are thin the legs,” he cried the Raven sk-a nuya'mts. Nuya'mtsqts ti sx’pani'Ltx-; “ ti and he sang. He sang the Deer: “ His legs are lean the squx'ts’ai.” Anoai'k-ts ti qoa'xtx- sk-a k-xmix-i's ta sx-panintx legs.” He wished the Raven and for food the Deer sk-a nuLuqo'axisqts ta sx-panintx ta stsqa'ats. Lapak-imisqto'o and he ate his inside the Deer’s his anus. He opened him sk-a i'stox-is. tu susqoe'mtsx sk-a aLxapate'm and skinned him. They came the his sisters and carried it home ta sx-pani'Ltx. La'pak-memqtd'o sk’a slome'm ta sx-paniL sk-a the Deer. They cut it and boiled it the Deer and k-xmix-e'mts ta sx-pani'L. it was their food the Deer. Translation. A long time ago the child of the Deer died. He always wailed for his dead child. “Oh, my child is dead. I wail for my child.” The Raven Boas.] 42 [March 1, came, sat down by his side, and cried : “Let us wail together for your child, my dear.” Then the Raven began to sing his wailing song and said: “Your legs are thin.” The Deer sang: “Your legs are lean.” The Raven wished to have the Deer for food. (He said : “Don’t scold me,” and pushed him so that the Deer fell down the precipice near which he was silting.) He began to eat him at his anus. He opened him and skinned him. Then his sisters came and carried the deer home. They cut it, boiled it and it served as their food. 5. The Origin of the Mink. Sxmmk'ts wa sdnx ats alai'k’. Sxaima'lustusq T’otqoa'ya It burnt the sun once. He burnt everything T’otqoa'ya alai'kq E'noxraaqs qumaitb'o sk-a a/nuxyeks wa slax wa once. In the morning he rose and Avent to get fuel the much the ne'ix. Nnk-ali'k-ti sonxtx sxmma'lus wa so'nx ats, slua atama'nauts fuel. At noon the sun burnt all the sun, and they died wa slax wa L’umsta'txh Slaxs ta xtsamkflsut la Lumsta'tx’. the many the men. Many swam the men. Sk'xmalustokts ti Snx t’aix' ta mnastx sk-a taia/mkits oaxe'nk He broke his bones the Snx he the his son and threw him down sk-a t’o'kyas ala qenk1 ats. and minks at below (were.) A long time ago the sun burnt everything. T’otqoa'ya (mythical name of mink) burnt everything. He arose in the morning and went to get fuel. At noon the sun burnt everything and many people died. Many people (jumped into the water and) swam. Then Snx broke the bones of his son, he threw him down (from the sky) and he became a mink. Translation. Note.—This refers to the tradition of Mink or T’otqoa'ya, who was the son of the sun god (Snx) and of a woman. He was maltreated by men and visited his father in the sky, ascending to heaven in one version on the rays of the sun, Snx’s eyelashes ; in another version along a chain of arrows which he had made. He carried the sun in his father’s place, but dis- obeyed the instructions of the latter, approaching too near the earth. Then the woods began to burn, the rocks to crack and the water to boil, Snx caught his son, flung him down and transformed him into the mink. 6. The Creation of the Sun. XmmE'nas ti Snx t’aix‘ wa namd's wTa xma'suks The daughter of the Snx that one the four the girls L’apsktd'o qoa'x sk-a qoa'ls ul ta qlatx. nap anaik'sqto'o He went the Raven (as) spike of fir to the water. Fetch she wished to in qoalE'm iu mE'nas ti Snx t’aix1 sk'a qa'axlas ul ta the eldest one the daughter of the Snx that one and drank at the qlatx. Qaaxlama'nix-isqtd'o ta qoa'lstx. Atsiwilkta'mk-imts qoa'x water. She drank the spike. She became pregnant with the Raven 1895.] 43 [Boas. sk-a qoa'ls. Mosqna'mk'irots qoa'x sk-a noosqona'mk-imts (as) the spike. After four days the Raven and she gave birth to qoa'x. Sk-a anoai'k-sqts ti qoa'xtx ta qe'qte ax. ti the Raven. And he wished the Raven the little one for the paqeye'latx ta nusxe'mtatx. [Ax to ai'k'tx sTnx. Ti ssnx box the having the daylight. In the past it was dark. The sun Wats ik’a'x; koaloxe'mtEnix axk'aai's qoa'x Skuxuma'atli'oas It was not; it grew daylight when he went up the Raven. He wanted to have every thing qoa'x ax to aikdx,] S’anoai'k-sqts qoa'x sk-a ye'ix’mis the Raven in the past.] He wished the Raven and to play with ta qe'qte ax to paqeye'la is ta ma'nstx. S’e'xioks ti Snx the small with the box of the father. He said the Snx t’aix- ux ta ranastx : “Sk-a max anoai'k'ats sk-a ye'ixmis.” Sk-a that one to his child: “And he wishes to and to play.” And yai'axkunis to paqeye'latx. Oaxe'nk-. Tsaiautsqtd'o qoa'x he played with the box. He went down. He stopped the Raven sk-a koana'ts, s’yaiaxmists to paqey§'latx. and crying, he played with the box. Translation. Snx liad four daughters. The Raven went. (He transformed himself into a) spike, which dropped into the water, (from which) the eldest daughter of Snx used to fetch water. She drank the water and swallowed the spike. She became pregnant and after four days she gave birth to the young Raven. The little Raven wished for the box in which they kept the daylight. [lt was dark in the past. There was no sun and it grew daylight when the Raven went up. He wanted to have everything in the past. ] He wished to play with the little box of the father. Then Snx said to his child : “He wishes to play with the box.” (She gave it to him) and he played with the box. Then the Raven stopped crying and played with the box, (He finally took it out of the house and broke the box. Thus the sun was liberated.) 7. The Boy and the Salmon. Asqusndte'mq x-ta manstx. Sx-ilik-tskto'o ix sta'nti- He always brought him food the his father. She grew angry the his step- mots ix. x’aptuskoaluqtd'o sk-a e'natis ix x'nas ix. mother the. He gave her to eat and presents of food the woman the. Nutaiamk-ixemto'o tu s’e'natiskoaalo'tx sk-a aiaxto'm ux ta She threw them down the presents of food and she spoke to the mnastx. xapskuts la tsaatste'tx sk-a sxdix-lik-tums sk-a ixq’E'ms his child. He left the youth and he grew angry and went sk-a k-’ix-6mats sk-a ixq’E'ms. xapak-stoo sk-a tk-six-nasqtx- and he did not know and he went. He left and he shot it" tu tsitsipe'tx. Tk-sna'nix-isqto'o ta smxk-tx. x’aputsqtd'o ta the bird. He hit it the salmon. ? the smxk-tx sk-a nunusqoaxE'msq ta smxkx Tsk'tsqtd'o ta salmon and it cried the salmon. He arrived the Boas.] 44 [March 1, tsaaste'tx ul ta smLk’tx. Lk’Emsqto'o ta smLk’tx: “Tqtsa'- youth at the salmon. He said the Salmon: “ Throw mk’tsx!” L’aptuskto'o ti tsaatse'tx sk’a qtsa'mk’ix’s me into the water!’’ He took it the youth and he threw him into the water ta smLk’tx. Stsux’emsqto'o ta smLk’tx sk’a maLa'pts. Lk’imqsto'o the Salmon. He jumped the Salmon and once. He said ta smLk’tx x’k’ix’a'lasnix’is tu tsaate'tx tu tsapts ta the Salmon he should look for the youth the hone of the smLk’tx. Axkots ’ek’lk’is tsaatste'tx ta nutqa'l’axitas ta smLk’tx Salmon. Not he saw it the youth the hone of the nape of the Salmon x-wa i/aps k’!x’esqt6'o. Laptutsqtu'ts sk’a qtsa'mkis. that he found it he saw it. He gave it to him and he threw him into the water. la'sqts. Nuk’tsa'axtsotskts ta smLk’tx sk’a Lala'sqts, He was good. He came ashore the Salmon and his canoe. ISTupemo'tskts oqxe'mq ta soiLk1 ; Lapa'kts. Lk’’imsqt6'o ta He went into his canoe down (?) the Salmon; he left. He said the smLk’tx sk’a axsE'ms tu tsaatste'tx. “Axtx qeoxo'mnd,” Salmon and he should pull his hlan- the youth. “Not uncover your head,’’ ket over his head tsiitko'its’ek ta smiik’tx. ‘’Wix’to'tsa sk’a tsk’lx’tiL sk-a iaxtsi'ud uii ti apso'L ti tk’lx’iLiko'ots t’aix’.” Tsk’taqto'o ul ta apsd'Ltx. at the town the we see it that one.” They arrived at the town. spoke the Salmon. “ Those and we see them and I awake you laxoe'mqtd'o ta sols ta t’eix’Lala'tx, Lapaqtu'ts ; tsk’taqtu'ts He waked him (at) the house of the (ahird). They went; theyarrived ul ta apsd'Ltx tsutsule'ttsx. S’nuyamlsq s’amit wa s’nuya'mtau at the town of (a bird). They sang always they sang tsi tsutsule'ttsx. Lk,’imsqt6/o ta smLk’tx: “K’a maLyanix’ix1 the (birds). He said the Salmon: “ When you like it ti k’a sma'o ala kdxlo'lemx’ ats sk’a ai'dtsno ul §qs.” Sk’a the one at country it and speak to me.” And ias ti k’a sma'o, Ua'litktuts ta sols j'l tsutsule't good was the one. They went on to the house of the (bird) iL. Lapaktu'ts sk’a isutau'; tsk’tatu'ts ul ta sols iL the. They left and paddled; they arrived at the house of the qulExlele'ts iL sk’a iana'xtsq tu ti x’na'sitx, Uali'tktuts. (bird) the and she was pretty the woman. They went on. L’apa'ktuts sk’a uali'tk. Tsk’taktu'ts ul ta apso'Ltx ta sols They left and went on. They arrived at the town the house of iL qoaqoa'os iL, Omakto'o ta apso'Ltx sk’a aLaxoai'x’Stora the (bird) the. They went ashore at the town and he went into the houses ta tsaatste'tx. Aiotsqto'o ta tsaatst’e'tx : “Si'as ix’Lo ma'o iL,” the youth. He said the youth “Sheis pretty the one she,” aistsqt6'o sk’a talau'sau. Lk’Emsqto'o ta smLk’tx sk’a he said and they married. He said the Salmon and sx’ULamisa'lo ; aio'tsq ta smLk’tx: “S’ax ti k’a ne'nits ti k’a forbade it: he said the Salmon: “Not he survives he talau'salo ul iL qoaqoa'os iL.” Lapsqto'o ta tsaatste'tx ul iL marries at the (bird) the.” He left the youth to her 1895.] 45 [Boas. sk’a axtsE'ms. Xemsqto'o, amtsqtS'o, s’axtsk* atEmaL. Lapaktu'ts and lay down. It got day, he arose, not he was dead. They left ul ta sols ta sqaptstx. Aiotsaqto'o tu sqaptstx: “Sti for the house of the sqapts. He said the sqapts; “A kya'ns ti mnas ta smatEmx'au'tx omaktS'o sk-a aLelaxto'm. stranger’s the child of the their people landed and ? SEmtsix-koe'lotsiq 5l samL iL. Tso omataLau'tuts k’utsix-a'tx They reached the samL her. They landed aio/tsmis ta tsaaste'tx: “Wa si'as ta kbxlo'lemx- amats ta he said the youth: “ Good is the country where the tai'a ta x-ix-na'setx,” B'lositqtuts ul ta ss'ls ta t’litx. pretty the girls.” They avoided at the house of the tTL Laputsaqfo'o tu t’litx sk-a iLqoltimotau'. Aiotsqtd'o. tu tsaatste'tx, They left the t’li and she laughed. He said the youth, Lk-imsqt6/o ta smLk-tx: “Wasia'nau wa apso'Lau sk-a he spoke the Salmon; “ They are glad (in) their town and sq’oa'Lnanau s’iLiLq’oltimdtau'.” Ualitktu'ts. Smtix'koe'lots’iq they are merry they laughed,” They went on. They reached ta sols iL k-’apai' iL. Sk-a sxsqts sk-a apso'L iL k-’apai' the house of the k-’apai' her. And had was the town of the k-’apai' 51. Ualitktu'ts ul ta sols ta uaksfx; 6'rnaqtuts. Sk-a her. q-hey went on to the house of the silver salmon; they landed. And aL lexoauk K-!x-itqt6'o qnusemqto'o tsaatste'tx x-ta smLk-tx they looked much. He saw he sighted the youth and the Salmon ul amatau' tu ti x-nase'tx suut’axma'qx. Amteisqto'o taam at where they the women bathed. He was sitting there Lumstane'tx al ta k6xlaaxs'ts ta nuqla'tx. Lutss/,oLisq(6'o a man at the bank of the water. They exchanged their cloths ta Lumsta'tx ti x-q’oe'lok-atx’: “ Slutso'oLa'nix-iL.” Stwknmau the men the ? “ We will exchange cloths.” They came tu x-ix’nase'tx sk-a nut’axmau'. Lapaktd'o sk-a qxtsanax'tsutau'. the girls and bathed. They went and went into the water. Lapskto'o tu tsaatste'tx sx-’anuta'xtis. Xuenemuktakto'o ta He came the youth he washed them. They recognized him the tsaatste'tx. Laputsaqtb'o sk-a nusqa'axma sk-a pa'axdnau. youth. They left and cried and were afraid. Le'psutaqfd'o ul ta sols i’l samL iL. Talau'skuts tsaaste'tx They returned to the house of the samL her. He married her the youth ul iL samL iL, sk-a smo'a axne'motskts x’ti s’enL, Luas to the samL her, and one he thought the night, two lanx-qma'lkd. X-LmEna'lx's ta tsaaste'tx x-a nuLnd's. Lapa'kqts seasons. He got children the youth the two. They made it ready ta smLk-tx sk-a tu to La'las sk-a Lapau'ts sk-a ta kye'nau the Salmon and the canoe and they left and they visited ul ta sols ta mans ta tsaatste'tx. Tsk-taqtb'o wa at the house of the father of the youth. They arrived at stutix-qtuya la mans ta staate'tx ti aLqp aL ta siLma'k-tx that one the father of the youth the being above at the salmon weir ti koakona'le. K-sisqto'o ta tsaatse'tx ta q’sltsx-tx. the crying much. He lifted the net the youth the rope of bark. Boas.] 46 [March 1,. Xuenemutsqtd'o ta manstx wa stutix'ktuya ta mnastx. Ti He recognized him the father of that one the son. He kdxds a ta sinmak'txs. Nitx'umsqtd'o ta sta apsd'LS ta saw him at the salmon weir. They came to his house those of the town the x'q’ulx'tx. Ai6ts:p6'o ta tsaatste'tx nusqtsolimx'a'lstx. Ostxsqto'o old one. He said the youth they should clean the house. He entered ta tsaatste'x ul ta sols ta manstx. Lats’a'x'sqts tsaatste'tx the youth at the house of his father. He related tire youth wa stsais: “tu iqtx anoai'kuni tu sniLk'tx. Aio'tsau tu to all of them: “the cedarbark they desire the salmon. They say the smLkTx sk-a aLpstute'm x-ta iqtx.” K'stute'mqx salmon and they eat it the cedarbark.” They bit each other swintste'm x'ta mnmatsaith'o tu Lu'mstalx sx’Sk'tne'mktuts they fought the children of the man they struck each other Lapskuts. “II mnsta'in sk'a sxdxdixdE'ms ” sk'a u'alix-s they went. “The our children and are angry” and she deserted ta qtEmtstx. the her husband. Iranslation. The father (of a youth) brought him always food. Then his stepmother grew angry. When (the father) gave her to eat she threw the food which he had presented to her down. She scolded his son. Then the youth grew angry and left. He (went into the woods) without knowing where he went. He went on and he tried to shoot a bird. His (arrow) hit a Salmon. He heard the Salmon cry. When the youth came to the Salmon the latter said ; “Throw me into the water.” The youth took him and threw him into the water. The Salmon jumped (but did not swim right). Then the Salmon told the youth to look for one of his bones (which was missing). At first the youth did not find the bone of the nape* of the Salmon, but then be found it. He gave it to him and threw him (again) into the water. JSTow he was perfect. Then the Salmon came ashore in his canoe. He went down to the canoe. The Salmon told the youth to lie down and to pull his blanket over his head. “Don’t uncover your head,” said the Salmon “I shall awake you when we come to a town.” They went and arrived at the town of the birds t’fix'Lala'tx. They went on and arrived at the town of the birds tsutsule'ttsx. They were singing all the time. The Salmon said: “When you like a country you must tell me.” Now he liked this one. They landed and went to the house of the bird. Then they went on and paddled. They arrived at the house of the bird qulExlele'ts, and she was a pretty woman. They left and went on. They arrived at a town (where there was) the house of the bird qoaqoa'os, They went ashore and the youth went into her house. He said : “She is pretty,” and he married her. The Salmon forbade it and said; “Nobody survives who marries the bird qoaqoa'os.” The * This means probably the soul, which is believed to be located in an egg-shaped bone in the nape. 1895.] [Boas. youth, however, went to her and lay down. It got day and he arose. He was not dead. They departed for the house of the sqapts. The latter said: “A stranger landed.” Then they went on and came to the fish samL. They landed and the youth said : ‘‘This is a good country. Here are pretty girls.” They avoided the house of the fish t’li. They left her and she laughed. Then the youth and the Salmon said : “ They are glad and make merry in this town. They are laughing.” They went on and reached the house of the k-’apai' salmon. Her town was had. They went on to the house of the silver salmon and landed. They looked about and the youth and the salmon saw the place where the women went bathing. A man was sitting at the hank of the pond. The youth ex- changed cloths with him. Then the girls came and bathed. They went into the water and the youth washed them, but they recognized him. They ran away and cried. They were afraid. Then they returned to the house of the fish samii. The youth married her. He thought he had stayed away one night, hut it was two seasons. The youth had two children. Now the salmon made his canoe ready and they went to visit the house of the youth’s father. They arrived there and found the youth’s father sit- ting at his salmon weir crying. Then the youth pulled the rope and lifted the net. The father recognized his son. He saw him at the salmon weir. Then all the people came to the house of the old man. The youth told him to clean it. Then he entered the house of his father, and he related to all of them: “The salmon desires to have cedarbark.” It is said that the salmon eat it. (He stayed there with his wife and his chil- dren.) Then the (other) children quarreled and fought with them. Then she grew angry and deserted her husband. 8. The Ascent to Heaven. NusLOLa'neta. Tx’sisinte'x- wa tsitstsipe'. There was a hunting hut at the water. They shot Birds. Anaik'sto'o x'sgyasqs. Sxdk’lxus ti sonx" t’aix. Kdxdisto'o He wished to go up. He wished to see the sun that one. He saw wunaqE;nq ah tu Eolft’aq. Sifikoalaya'mktis. ducks at the above. He found something supernatural. Ix-e'eqsatis, x'tok’stodtq. Neetststoha'aqstis, kdx-auto'o, He cured them, he worked on them. He spat on their eyes, they saw. Skoa/tstatit xu Smdq’oa'ns. Leptsfitsto'o. Kdxustoo ti sa/axist They called him the Smoq’oa'ns. He returned. He saw him the younger brother ta k6xl6/lemx-’au'tx. Axsa/nix'tdsto'o ta manauTx. “Kdxditsts, the their country. He made know the their father. “I saw him, kdxditsts ta “ Alatsikmu'ks ti nu'khootsE'mno,” I saw him the my elder brother.” “Why you the liar you,” tso'tkuts ta manau'tx ul tseni,. “ Ts’akWliwa wa said the their father to him. “ I speak the truth sh’iu'kts’awa.” “Wa iLhana/ oqxe'x.” “A'xko ai'dts sk-a what I said.” “Go call him.’’ “Not he says and Boas.] 48 [March 1 pdhs, a/xko anahk-s ti ts’e/k-ims k-a ema'ls sk-a ostxs. he comes, not he wished the dirty and he goes and enters. Anoakk-kx sk"a ia's k-a e'mats sk-a ostxs.” Koloxsqtd'o He will and good and he goes and enters.” He invited the people ta manau/tx sk-a qotsehn tu sonauHx. Qotsanaqtb'o tu the their father and wash the their house. They washed the smatE'mx-tx. Tsaak-ekt6/o ponskto'o. Ostxs. Alats’eskto'o people. They were ready he came. He entered. He informed them. Saul aaks wu shskoa/las anoaik’std'o sk-a tElaxo'im how he found something supernatural he wished and he showed x-sto smatß'mx-stx sk-a wuntsti's tu s’abdkoala'stx tu his people and killed with the his supernatural power the naxE'ntx. Sk-a enate's to sta apso'ustx sk-a sq’aidotis. ducks. And he gave them to the those of his town and their meat. Tsaiststutiskt6'o. Anoakkstuts sk-a le'ptuts ul ta sonx' t’aix-. That is all. He wished and returned to the sun that one. Koanatskto'o ta sa'axistx snux/api'k-skoalu'ts. ALtsa/axatisktb'o. He cried the younger brother he wished to accompany He did not want him him. to go. Ai'lutstx, axkd tsnuk-sa/axaLE'ms. Siuta'namEluts, taia/mk-- He left him, not he returned. He became supernatural he threw tisktd'o wa tsitstsipe' ats sk-a sipx-lioa'ts wa SL’Emstana'losiLs. them down the birds and he made happy the us Indians. Translation. (Two brothers built) a hut for hunting (birds) on a river. They shot birds. One of them wished to go up to see the sun. (When he reached the sky) he saw ducks. He found something supernatural. (The ducks were blind.) He cured them by spitting on their eyes. Then they regained their eyesight. They called him Smoq’oa'ns. He returned and his younger brother saw him. He went and told their father : “I saw my elder brother.” ‘‘Why do you tell such lies,” replied the father. ‘‘l speak the truth.” “Then call him.” “He says he will not come. He does not want to enter a dirty room. He will come and enter when it is clean.” The father invited the people and they cleaned the house. The people washed themselves. When they were ready he came. He entered. He informed them how he had found a supernatural helper. He wished to show his power to them and killed many ducks by the aid of his super- natural helper, and he gave the meat to the people of his town. That is all. Then he wished to return to the sun. His younger brother cried and wished to accompany him, but he did not want him to go. He left him and did not return. He became a supernatural being. He threw down birds and made us Indians happy.