THE 
SPECIAL THERAPEUTICS 
OF 
THE NEW REMEDIES. MATERIA MEDICA 
AND 
SPECIAL THERAPEUTICS 
OF THE 
NEW REMEDIES. 
BY EDWIN M. HALE, M.D., 
LATE PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS OF THE NEW REMEDIES IN 
HAHNEMANN MEDICAL COLLEGE, CHICAGO; PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA 
IN THE CHICAGO HOMOEOPATHIC COLLEGE ; AUTHOR OF “ LECTURES 
ON DISEASES OF THE HEART,” “CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW 
REMEDIES,” “DISEASES OF WOMEN,” ETC. 
FIFTH EDITION—REVISED AND ENLARGED. 
(thirty-seven new remedies.) 
IN TWO VOLUMES. 
VOL. II. 
SPECIAL THERAPEUTICS, 
WITH ILLUSTRATIVE CLINICAL CASES. 
BOERICKE & TAFEL: 
NEW YORK: 
145 GRAND STREET. 
PHILADELPHIA : 
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I 880. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879, 
By BOERICKE & TAFEL, 
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 
SHERMAN & CO., 
PRINTERS AND STKREOTYPERS, 
PHILADELPHIA. $0 
DR. RICHARD HUGHES, 
OF ENGLAND, 
AUTHOR OF THE MANUALS OF PHARMACODYNAMICS 
AND THERAPEUTICS, 
&l)is bclume 
/ 
IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY 
THE AUTHOR. . . . “ Touching the open questions of medical opinion and practice—while 
each of us proclaims the opinions he has espoused, and zealously puts them in 
practice, let us cultivate the catholic and noble spirit of Chillingworth : ‘ I will 
take no man’s liberty of judgment from him, nor shall any man take mine from 
me, and what measure I mete out to others, I expect from them again.’ ”—Car- 
roll Dunham, Address before the American Institute of Homoeopathy, 1870. 
“ Some people suppose that a physician, professing belief in the homoeopathic 
law, is obliged to limit his practice strictly to the application of that law. He 
is not to administer a purgative, or to give an opiate, or to prescribe Quinine, or 
to recommend a mineral water, under any circumstances, without in some way 
incurring the suspicion of sailing under false colors, of having deserted his 
creed and betrayed his principles. To those who cannot rise above the mere 
partisan spirit of cliques and schools, this may seem to be a righteous judgment. 
The man, however, who is loyal only to nature and to truth, regards such re- 
strictions as sheer, impertinence, and claims everything which cures, be the pro- 
cess explainable or not, as inalienably his own. He is astonished at the blind- 
ness and bigotry of the old school, who permit the grandest treasures of the 
curative art to lie unrecognized before them. He sets them a nobler example. 
He cultivates assiduously his own special field of science, but if he finds any 
residuum of truth or usefulness in allopathy, or any other system, he asks no 
man’s permission to use it; but acknowledging its source, appropriates it by 
divine right as the legitimate property of every healer of the sick.”—Wm. H. 
Holcombe, Address before the Hahnemann Medical Society of Cincinnati, 1875. PREFACE TO FIFTH EDITION. 
That a fifth edition of this volume is called for is good proof that 
the Homoeopathic School is not satisfied to be confined to the old reme- 
dies, valuable and indispensable as they are. 
Of the thirty-seven new medicines added to this volume, eighteen are 
indigenous to the United States, and three to the islands of the Pacific. 
That many of them have not been proved is no reason why we should 
not use them, for the clinical experience is sufficient until we have their 
pathogeneses. 
In addition to these following named new drugs I have added copiously 
to many of the medicines included in the previous edition : 
Alstonia constricta, 
Antimonium iodatum, 
Arseniate of antimony, 
Arseniate of strychnia, 
Arum dracontium, 
Arum arseniosum, 
Auri et sodii chloridum, 
Benzoate of lithia, 
Berberis aquifolium, 
Brachyglottis repens1, 
Bromide of ethyl, 
Bromide of nickel, 
Bromide of zinc, 
Calcarea iodata, 
Eryodycton, 
Eucalyptus, 
Euonymin, 
Fucus vesiculosus, 
Gentiana quinqueflora, 
Grind elia robusta, 
Hydrobromic acid, 
Iridin, 
Kumyss, 
Melilotus, 
Mercurius iod. cum kali iod., 
Penthorum sedoides, 
Phoradendron, 
Pilocarpus primatus, 
Piper methysticum, 
Polymnia uvedalia, 
Picrate of ammonia, 
Quebracha, 
Rhus aromatica, 
Salicylic acid, 
Salicylate of soda, 
Sanguinarina, nitrate of, 
Thymol, 
Turnera aphrodisiaca, 
Weythia helenoides. 
If the medical profession receive this edition with the same cordiality 
as the previous ones, I shall feel amply repaid for my labors. 
EDWIN M. HALE. 
Chicago, January, 1880. PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION. 
This volume contains my own personal experience in the therapeutical 
use of the New Eemedies, together with the clinical experience of phy- 
sicians belonging to the homoeopathic and other schools of medicine. 
With some remedies this experience extends over a period of more than 
twenty years ; with others a briefer time ; a few of the medicines I have 
not used. In quoting the clinical experience of others I have tried to 
give all the authorities as far as attainable. I have not intended to show 
any preferences, for I believe in tolerating the largest liberty of opinion 
and practice. 
When the First Volume Avas in course of preparation, a few of my 
colleagues suggested that I should pursue the plan adopted in the first 
two editions, namely : giving the day-books of the provers, and the 
authority for each symptom. After due consideration and consultation 
it was decided that such a plan was not necessary or desirable. The 
scope and purpose of the volume did not require it, for it was not in- 
tended as a general, but a special Symptomatology. In this volume, in 
my mention of each remedy, I have generally given its pathogenetic 
history, names of provers, etc. Moreover, Allen’s Encyclopedia of 
Materia Medica now finished, renders the citing of every authority 
altogether superfluous. Those who have any desire to ascertain the 
paternitj'-, or investigate the original sources of my pathogenetic char- 
acteristic symptoms, are respectfully referred to the above-mentioned 
work, wherein they are generally given with much accuracy. The few 
instances where I have appended the names of physicians to symptoms 
in Vol. I were inadvertencies ; for it was not my intention to give any 
authority, except for some peculiar curative symptom, or indication, or 
for some very recent proving. I trust this explanation will serve as 
sufficient apology for any apparent omission or neglect in acknowledging 
my indebtedness to the many authorities from whom I have drawn. 
In this volume I have tried to explain the Law of Dose, based on the 
primary and secondary action of drugs, and hp.ve given some illustra- 
tions which appear to prove its truth. I expect it will meet with that 
persistent opposition and severe criticism, which greets every discovery 
or new principle ; but my convictions are strong that Avhen accepted and 
adopted it will prove of incalculable value in the advancement of our 
school of practice, and to the Art of Healing. 
Chicago, July, 1875. 
EDWIN M. HALE. 
HOW TO USE THESE VOLUMES. 
It will be seen by the reader that these volumes complement each 
other. The student or practitioner should have them both before him, 
and in the study of any particular medicine or disease, constant refer- 
ence from the Symptomatology of a remedy to its Special Therapeutics 
will be necessary. The copious Therapeutical Index to this volume, it 
is to he hoped, will prove a valuable aid. THERAPEUTICS 
OF THE 
N EW REMEDIES. 
ABIES CANADENSIS. 
The use of the Hemlock Spruce for dyspepsia is empirical, 
and originated in domestic practice. A tincture of the buds made 
by maceration in whiskey is said to have cured the following symp- 
toms : 
A light-headed feeling, attended with a gnawing, hungry, faint 
feeling at the epigastrium, craving hunger, which, if gratified, 
was followed by distension of the stomach and hard beating of the 
heart. 
The condition represented by the above symptoms resembles 
that observed in catarrh of the stomach. Drs. Gatchell and Beck- 
with claim to have cured many cases having the above symptoms, 
with the tincture. A tincture of the gum of the Abies nigra has 
caused and cured somewhat similar symptoms.—See Allen’s “ En- 
cyclopedia of Materia Medica,” vol. i. 
ACALYPHA INDICA. 
Ainslie, in his “ Materia Medica Indiea,” says the Indian (Ta- 
mool) name for this plant is Koopamanie, and observes that the 
Hakeems (native physicians) prescribe it in consumption. Dr. 
Tonnere, of Calcutta, claims to have cured some pulmonary symp- 
toms, viz.: 
yon. it.—2 10 
A3SCULUS HIPPO OAST A XUM. 
Dry cough, followed by spitting of blood. He, as well as Drs. 
Thomas and Plolcombe, asserts that it will arrest haemoptysis after 
all other remedies fail. It is indicated in expectoration of pure 
blood in the morning, and dark lumps of clotted blood in the 
evening. It cures this kind of hemorrhage, but not when caused 
by tuberculosis of the lungs. 
iESOULUS HIPP0CASTANUM. 
Tliis is a veritable polycrest, having a wide range of action, but, 
like some other polycrests, it lias a central point of action from 
which radiate a series of reflex symptoms. This central point of 
action is the liver and the portal system, and nine out of every ten 
of its symptoms are due to this action. I have found it analogous 
in its effects to Aloes, Collinsonia, Nux vomica, Sulphur, and Po- 
dophyllum. It is not as poisonous as the Buckeye, its indigenous 
relative, for the nut is used in Europe to fatten animals, and they 
are often eaten with impunity by children ; the meat of the 
seeds is sweet when boiled, but the rind is bitter. I think the 
tincture should be prepared from equal parts of the nut-meat, rind 
of the nut, and the bark of the tree or its root. In this way 
we shall be sure to get all its active medicinal principles. 
In my practice I have been most successful with it in the fol- 
lowing disorders: 
Congestion of the liver, when accompanied by piles. It is 
indicated by the symptoms : aching, pinching pains in the right 
hypochondrium, aggravated by walking. The pain extends up 
between the shoulders. 
Constipation, when there is present a hard, knotty, dry condi- 
tion of the stools, which are white. (If the stools are black, or 
dark, or brown, knotty, and hard, I prefer Nux vomica.) 
Haemorrhoids, if the following symptoms are present, are 
promptly removed by iEseulus. (It will not prove a successful 
routine remedy, but must be closely affiiliated.) The tumors are 
protruding, or internal, are usually purple, hard, and very sore 
(not raw, as in Aloes, but a bruised feeling), with aching, burning, 
rarely bleeding. The rectal symptoms are characteristic, and con- 
sist of very disagreeable sensations of dryness, soreness, constric- JESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM. 
11 
tion, fulness, and a feeling as if sticks, splinters, gravel, or other 
foreign, irritating substances had become lodged in the rectum. 
We find also a feeling of fulness with protrusion, and a desire to 
strain (tenesmus). A characteristic condition is usually present, 
which differentiates between this medicine and other pile remedies, 
namely, the absence of actual constipation. In nearly every case 
the stools are too frequent, and soft, sometimes quite loose, pale, 
or dark, and rarely, if ever, large, dry, or scybalous. In this re- 
spect it resembles Aloes. I do not agree with Dr. Hughes, when 
he says, “ when the only connected symptoms or appreciable cause 
is constipation, iEsculus is indicated;” for I believe its action on 
the portal system is the primary cause of its heemorrhoidal symp- 
toms; but I do agree with him in his belief that “when there is 
much pain, but little bleeding, TEsculus seems pretty likely to 
cure.” 
My experience with TEsculus has been verified by the majority 
of physicians, so that it may claim a high position as a remedy in 
diseases of the rectum. The pains in the back which attend its 
rectal symptoms are quite notable. They are sometimes shooting 
or cutting, but usually consist of a lameness as if strained, extend- 
ing to the hips or legs, or an aching and weakness aggravated by 
walking, stooping, or any movement. Like Rhus, its pain and 
stiffness often goes off after continued motion. 
Dr. Guernsey advises it for a backache occurring during preg- 
nancy, when the pain is in the sacro-iliac symphysis, and prevents 
walking, because “that part of her back gives out, compelling 
her to sit down.” I have prescribed it with good results in slight 
cases of fissure of the anus, also in incipient stricture of the rectum. 
In prolapsus ani it compares favorably with Nitric acid, Podo- 
phyllum, and Mercury, which it resembles in its pathological ac- 
tion. Nux and Ignatia cause prolapsus in a different way, 
namely, by a secondary paralysis of the circular fibres of the intes- 
tinal and sphincter muscles. In some rare instances it will be 
found useful in headache when attended by constipation or piles. 
The pain is mostly confined to the occipital region, and is dull 
and pressing, or a bruised, stupefying aching with a sensation of 
heat. It has been recommended in influenza, and many of its 12 
A3SCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM. 
symptoms bear a strong resemblance to those caused by a cold af- 
fecting the nose and throat. 
Dr. Buchmann says he cured with JEsculus a chronic cough 
vnth emaciation. The symptoms point to a laryngeal origin of 
the cough, and it may be found useful in catarrhal laryngitis, and 
possibly in some cases of cough of hepatic origin. 
Dr. Meyhoffer, in his “ Chronic Diseases of the Organs of Res- 
piration,” says: “iEsculus hippocastanum rendered us last win- 
ter great service in a case of pharyngo-laryngitis follicularis with 
considerable catarrhal inflammation of the lining of the throat and 
larynx, complicated with piles and the most obstinate costiveness 
of long standing ; it not only restored the muscular contraction 
of the intestinal tube, but also greatly relieved the laryngeal irri- 
tation; cough and expectoration diminished speedily, and the 
signs of congestion in the affected parts diminished rapidly.” 
In several cases of pain about the heart in haemorrhoidal sub- 
jects it seemed to be of decided benefit. 
Dr. Neidhard says, “ In a case of curvature of the spine the 
pains were entirely cured by .ZEsculus.” 
Its action on the venous system and mucous membranes is un- 
doubted. If it acts on the spinal cord, it is but slightly, and not 
as intensely as the Buckeye. The lower attenuations have usually 
been prescribed. The triturations of the nut-meat (albumen) is 
generally used, but, as before stated, I prefer a tincture of the va- 
rious portions. Since writing the above, I observed a paper on 
this drug by Dr. Hart, of Wyoming, Ohio, who opposes Dr. 
Hughes’s view of its action, and agrees with my opinion, namely, 
that the iEsculus h. is primarily homoeopathic to portal and intra- 
abdominal congestions, and that the constipation is secondary. 
Dr. Hart claims to have discovered a keynote to the employment 
of this remedy in a symptom not found in its pathogenesis : 
“ Throbbing in the abdominal and pelvic cavities ; especially the 
latter.” 
Hence, he says, it is especially indicated in all active intra- 
abdominal and pelvic congestions. I have prescribed it with inva- 
riable success in all cases of congestion and inflammation of the 
neck of the uterus, attended with the above-mentioned symptoms. 
Nor is it necessary to use the remedy very low. One drop of iESCULTJS HIPPOCASTANUM—JESCULUS GLABRA. 
13 
JEsculus 6X, three or four times a day, has cured, in my hands, 
the most inveterate cases of inflamed cervix uteri, when not com- 
plicated with ulceration ; and has greatly relieved, and sometimes 
cured, similar cases attended with retroversion, prolapsus, ulcera- 
tion, enlargement, and induration, when characterized by great 
tenderness, heat, and throbbing, as in the following cases : 
Mrs. C., aged 22, a small, delicate blonde, had suffered during 
the last five years with congestive dysmenorrhcea. Eight months 
ago she was thrown from a carriage, since which time she has 
been under both allopathic and homoeopathic treatment for retro- 
version and prolapsus of the uterus. Growing worse under the 
treatment to which she was subjected at Denver City, she was 
brought to me for advice with the following result: 
Sept. 8.—Semi-paralyzed condition of the right lower extrem- 
ity ; muscles sore and contracted ; has to be carried, being totally 
unable to walk ; great weakness and emaciation; pulse 110, ir- 
regular and very weak ; face flushed and eyes sparkling ; bowels 
obstinately constipated ; occasional nausea and vomiting; skin 
hot and dry ; patient complains of great weakness and pain in 
the back, cephalalgia, and constant throbbing behind the pubes. 
A digital vaginal examination shows retroversion and enlarge- 
ment of the fundus, with great tenderness, heat, and swelling of 
the cervix uteri, the vessels of which pulsate with great violence. 
Ordered the patient to lie constantly on the face and left side; 
to use cold vaginal injections three times a day, and to take JEs- 
culus 6% one globule every two hours, until the throbbing ceases, 
after which it is to be taken only twice a day. 
Sept. 12.—Throbbing ceased. Continued treatment. 
Oct. 1.—Patient greatly improved, and able to walk. 
Nov. 1.—Patient dismissed cured. 
JESCULUS GLABRA, 
This relative of the horse-chestnut has been neglected. It is 
doubtless a more powerful medicine than the latter, for the Buck- 
eye cannot be eaten with safety by animals or men. From the 
meagre provings we have, it would seem to resemble Cocculus and 
Nux vomica. It has been found curative by Drs% Hill, P. H. 14 
AILANTUS GLANDULOSA. 
Hale, Douglass, and myself in haemorrhoids with the following 
symptoms: 
Very painful external tumors, dark purple, with constipation 
and vertigo; weakness of the sacrum and lower extremities. 
It is said that carrying the nut in the pocket, or wearing it on 
the body, will cure piles. Many physicians assert this to be a 
fact. Why not? May not the curative principle be absorbed in 
sufficient quantity ? 
I would suggest its use in cerebro-spinal meningitis, when we 
have: 
Wry neck, vertigo, vomiting, opisthotonos, tympanitis, with 
stupor or coma. 
It has usually been prescribed in the first three triturations of 
the pulp of the ripe nut. 
AILANTUS GLANDULOSA. 
A careful study ot the pathogenetic, and toxical effects of this 
drug cannot fail to convince one that it is a powerful blood-poison. 
When we compare drug-effects with diseases, we observe not only 
a similarity in symptoms, but a marked similarity in pathological 
effects. For example, the results of poisoning by Arsenic and 
Veratrum alb. compare closely with the toxic effects of cholera 
Asiatica. The ultimate effects of Ailantus correspond to that con- 
dition and type of disease known as scarlatina maligna. Bella- 
donna does not correspond to this form of the malady, but to the 
ordinary scarlatina of Sydenham. 
It is in the putrid, malignant, and typhoid varieties of scarlet 
fever that Ailantus is indicated, not only by the symptoms, 
but the pathological state of the blood and secretions. Like the 
poison of the above disease, its morbific effects involve the brain 
and cerebro-spinal centres, and destroy life in the same manner. 
The eruption is peculiar; it is dark, almost livid, irregular, 
patchy, of a violet hue, even scaly, covering the whole body, or 
delayed and irregular in its appearance. In some cases there are 
large maculae or bullae filled with dark-colored serum. It (the 
eruption) remains livid—it never takes on the genuine scarlet 
color. It sometimes takes the form of petechiae. The fever is in- AILANTUS GLANDULOSA. 
15 
tense, with pungent heat, a rapid small pulse, hardly to be counted, 
great thirst, delirium or coma, and heavy, hurried, irregular 
breathing. 
The head is burning hot, with great pain, eyes sparkling, with 
delirium, or inflamed (conjunctivitis). The nose discharges a co- 
pious, thin, sanious fluid, which irritates the skin (Arum, Nit. ac., 
Ars.), or blood and pus; the tongue is of a livid hue, dry, parched, 
and cracked; the throat livid and swollen; tonsils studded with 
numerous, deep, angry-looking ulcerations, exuding a scanty fetid 
discharge; the pain when swallowing extends to the ears, and the 
teeth are covered with sordes. The urine is scanty, and voided 
unconsciously. 
This is certainly a vivid picture of disease, but the Ailantus has 
in many instances, in my own practice, appeared to dissipate this 
malignant condition. Drs. P. P. Wells, Small, Chambers, and 
others have testified in its favor. Other physicians, however, 
have failed to get curative effects. 
Besides this disease the Ailantus has proved curative in conges- 
tion of the brain, purulent ophthalmia, conjunctivitis, ozccna, ma- 
lignant ulcerated sore throat, tonsillitis with ulceration, and bron- 
chitis, with asthmatic oppression, cough oppressed, deep and 
painful, with muco-purulent expectoration, free in the morning, 
sticky and scanty during the day, excessive tenderness all over 
the lungs; feeling as if the air-cells were stuck together; inability 
to completely expand the lungs, crepitant rales; cough constant, 
dry, with oppressive, burning, and stitching-aching pains in the 
chest. As these conditions often occur during the progress of 
measles and small-pox, as well as scarlatina, this remedy wiil meet 
all the indications, not only in the latter disease, but all the erup- 
tive fevers, when they are attended by the unfavorable symptoms 
above mentioned. In one case of cerebro-spinal meningitis I pre- 
scribed it with excellent results. The special symptom, in addi- 
tion to the general condition, which led me to its selection, was 
“ intolerable pain in the back of the neck, upper part of the back, 
and the right hip-joint.” Some of the symptoms indicate that we 
shall find it useful in malignant dysentery and some varieties of 
enteritis. 
Dr. Robert, a French surgeon, communicates a paper to the 16 
ALETRIS FARINOSA. 
“Archives of Naval Medicine,” relating to the use, by the Chi- 
nese and Japanese physicians, of the bark of the root of Ailantus 
in dysentery. They use an infusion of the fresh bark, allowing 
the patient to drink it until it causes vomiting and fecal stools. 
Dr. Robert tested its value; he used a tincture of the dried roots 
and bark in small doses, and found it superior to Mercury, Ipe- 
cac., or any other drug. He states that the blood began to de- 
crease in a few days, and improvement soon set in, and continued 
steadily to convalescence. When we remember that this disease 
was tropical dysentery, and that dysentery in that hot climate is a 
far more serious one than in ours, the value of the Ailantus must 
have been very decidedly shown or Dr. Robert would not have 
considered it worthy of mention. 
This is a remedy which has considerable reputation among 
Western homoeopathists, but as yet no proving has been made of 
it. The clinical indications for its use were all obtained originally 
from eclectic practice. 
It has been a favorite remedy with me for many years for the 
peculiar ancemic debility of chlorotic girls and pregnant women. 
Given in the lower dilutions, alone or alternated with Ferrum, it 
will soon restore appetite, strength, and the waning vitality. If 
such cases are attended by 
Dyspepsia, slow digestion and flatulence, the Aletris is very 
prominently indicated. 
I believe that certain remedies have such a special affinity for 
the reproductive organs of women, and that the term “ uterine 
tonic” is not inaptly applied. Among the old remedies we have 
Calcarea and Sepia, which act in such a manner. 
Uterine atony, even to the extent of suspension of the menses or 
sterility, comes under the curative sphere of this medicine. There 
are no characteristic symptoms yet known which specially indicate 
this remedy, but the general condition of the patient has been a 
sure guide to me in its selection. I have used it successfully for 
scanty, pale menses, where there was general debility, emaciation, 
and impoverished blood. In the scanty menses of corpulent and 
plethoric women it is of no value. 
ALETRIS FARmOSA. ALNUS RUBRA—ALSTONIA CONSTRICTA. 
17 
Prolapsus uteri, ante- or retroversion, where the dislocations de- 
pend on weakness in general, or of the uterine ligaments, can be 
cured by the lower dilutions of Aletris. 
Habitual abortion, or sterility, when caused by uterine irritabil- 
ity and weakness, is a condition for which the Aletris is almost a 
specific, if it is prescribed properly. It should be given during 
the few weeks before the expected miscarriage (three or four doses 
daily), and continued until the dreaded period has passed by sev- 
eral weeks, and its use resorted to, afterwards, upon the slightest 
appearance of threatening symptoms. It has been asserted on 
good authority, that the fresh root has caused abortion ; if so, like 
Sabina, it is homoeopathic to that accident. Several physicians 
have informed me that in cases even where pains and a show of 
blood had appeared, it has succeeded, aided by quiet and the re- 
cumbent posture, in warding off a miscarriage which seemed im- 
minent. Dr. Silas Jones, of New York, says it is valuable during 
the first months of pregnancy, where there is excessive nausea, 
vomiting, faintness, giddiness, and pain in the hypogastrium. The 
tincture is intensely bitter and nauseous. In general, I prefer the 
2X dil., although in some cases I like the action of the lx dil. best. 
ALNUS RUBRA. 
Although a notice of this medicine appeared in all three editions 
of “New Remedies/’ we know of no provings or clinical reports. 
I have had no experience with it, but have observed several cures 
in cases of obstinate chronic eruptions, such as impetigo, prurigo, 
herpes, etc. 
It is said to be particularly useful in cases where eruptions on 
the skin alternate with diseased conditions of mucous membranes. 
Scrofulous enlargement of the glands, and even hsematuria, have 
been, it is said, treated successfully with the Alnus. I am in doubt 
whether it is an “antipsoric” or not. The same may be said of 
the 
ALSTONIA CONSTEIOTA. 
This remedy was introduced to our school by Dr, Augustus 
Cathcart, of Australia. 
The Alstonia constricta belongs to the order of Apocynese. It 18 
ALSTONIA CONSTRICTA. 
grows in the form of a tall shrub or tree, and is known by the 
name of “Bitter Bark.” It is indigenous to the colonies of New 
South Wales and Queensland, being found in the interior in some 
of the “scrubs,” and occasionally in the open forests. The por- 
tion used in medicine is the bark, which is thick, yellow, deeply 
fissured, and of an intense bitterness. A few of the shepherds in 
the interior have somehow or other (probably from accidentally 
finding out its bitterness, or by direction of the natives) discovered 
its use in fever and ague, and some of them, in addition to calling 
it the “ Bitter Bark,” call it “Native Quinine Bark,” as they look 
upon it as possessing properties similar to those of Quinine. As a 
remedy for fever and ague they use it in decoction, so I was informed 
by an old up-country shepherd, who first made me acquainted 
with it. 
“An esteemed friend in Queensland,” says Dr. Cathcart, “has, 
at my request, carefully watched the effects of this drug upon 
‘ beer topers’—those who had drank large quantities of a certain 
beer which had been adulterated with this bitter drug as a cheap 
substitute for the hop. From the effects which he observed, and 
from those produced in other persons whom I have prevailed upon 
to take large doses of this drug while in robust health as a 
1 proving,’ and those produced in my own person, I have abun- 
dantly satisfied myself that, in large doses, its action is that of in- 
variably producing great debility and general prostration, or low 
fever,—often also with diarrhoea,—and, when pushed sufficiently 
far, rigors, sweats (usually cold), and other symptoms resembling 
fever and ague. 
“Taking the large dose effects as my guide, I have used this 
remedy with far greater success than China in convalescence from 
acute diseases of every kind, even to post-diphtheritic and post- 
scarlatinal debility, and the debility following parturition, under- 
lactation, diarrhoea, etc. 
“In the great majority of all those other cases where China is 
indicated I have found the Alstonia a more efficacious and far 
more reliable remedy. This use of it would alone stamp it as an 
invaluable remedy in all countries where patients have already 
been overdosed with Quinine at some time or other by allopathic 
practitioners. 
“ In cases of summer diarrhoea (in this hot climate), where un- ALSTONIA CONSTRICTA. 
19 
digested food is passed, more especially, and even when tinged 
with blood, I have found it specific. 
“ I have used it in cases of dysentery with success, especially 
where I thought the attack was complicated with symptoms of 
malarial poisoning, or proceeded from drinking bad water, or 
swamp-water impregnated with decayed vegetable matter—a fre- 
quent source of dysentery. Indeed, I have found it such a specific 
for these cases that I am confident it will prove the best remedy 
yet introduced for camp diarrhoea and dysentery of soldiers, when 
proceeding from this cause. 
“ In simple atonie dyspepsia, with loss of appetite, etc., its ac- 
tion is very satisfactory. 
“ In fever and ague, and in low fevers, especially those follow- 
ing upon attacks of acute disease, its extraordinary powers are 
manifested. For these it will be found a more reliable remedy 
than Quinine, Berberinum, or Chinoidin; and, moreover, not 
being so liable to affect the head, it may be confidently regarded 
as a perfectly safe antiperiodic and also a preventive of ague. 
“ In carrying out and confirmatory of the rule of the dose which 
I have adopted, I find that it takes comparatively large (homoeo- 
pathic) doses to cure fever and ague, a weak decoction being the 
most reliable form, perhaps, or even nauseous doses of the mother 
tincture. Other cases require from the mother tincture to the 2d 
decimal dilution, in from one to five-drop doses, according to the 
strength of the disease and the age and susceptibilty of the patient. 
Being of a very bitter and unpleasant taste to some people, the 
dose has to be diluted with plenty of water, and sometimes re- 
duced for those patients who have a great repugnance to bitters of 
any kind. 
“ I make my mother tincture from the coarsely-powdered bark, 
using rectified spirits, in the proportion of one pint of spirits to 
two ounces of bark, and this tincture I invariably carry in my 
pocket-case.” 
Since Dr. Catlicart’s notice was written, several physicians in the 
United States have used the Alstonia with good results in the class 
of cases mentioned by him. Dr. Grosvenor, of Chicago, and Dr. 
K , of St. Louis, report favorably. A fragmentary proving 
has been made. 20 
AMPELOPSIS QUINQUEFOLIA—AMYL NITKITE. 
The bark of Alstonia constrida, F. v. M., contains an alkaloid, 
Alstonin, which may be obtained by treating the alcoholic extract 
with water and a little hydrochloric acid, adding to the filtered 
solution a small excess of ammonia, dissolving the Separated flocks 
in ether, evaporating the ethereal solution, and purifying the re- 
mainder by dissolving again in dilute acid, and repeating the above 
process. Orange-yellow, brittle, pellucid mass of very bitter taste, 
melts below 100° C., and is carbonized in higher temperature; 
dissolves easily in alcohol, ether, and dilute acids, sparingly in 
water. All its solutions in the dilute state exhibit a strong blue 
fluorescence, which is not affected by acids or alkalies. Its alco- 
holic solution has a slightly alkaline reaction. Alstonin combines 
with acids, but does not completely neutralize them. Hydro- 
chloric and other strong acids, also alkalies, decompose it partly 
on evaporation in the water-bath to a dark-colored acid substance. 
AMPELOPSIS QUINQUEFOLIA, 
which is said by eclectics to affect the skin, mucous membranes, 
and glandular system, in nearly the same manner as the Alnus. 
Its continued use for a long time is said to cure obstinate cases of 
dropsy. Dr. Lee asserts that it is a stimulant to the glands, and 
it is said to have cured enlargements of the lymphatics. I have 
had no personal experience with it, but Dr. P. H. Hale believes 
that it restored the secretion of milk in a lying-in woman who 
was very weak, tearful, and despondent. He gave it as a dernier 
ressort after Calcarea, Pulsatilla, and other remedies had failed to 
affect the secretion. 
The Nitrite of amyl is a singular and unique drug, having 
very little affinity for, and no close resemblance to, any other 
agent in our Materia Medica. 
Its oidy similarity to Glonoin is in the arterial relaxation it 
causes, which simulates congestion. But the arterial turgescence 
of Glonoin is active and forcible, and always accompanied by 
'painful sensations. 
The congestion of Amyl is not due to any forcible rush of blood 
AMYL NITRITE, 21 
AMYL NITRITE. 
into the cerebral arteries, but a passive filling up, owing to relax- 
ation of those vessels. Pain in the head is rarely present during 
the effects of Amyl, although it sometimes occurs at the height of 
its effect. It differs from Belladonna in the transient character of 
the cerebral fulness. Its action is of shorter duration than Glon- 
oin, lasting but a minute or two in most cases. Its rapidity of 
action is another peculiarity of this drug. In thirty or forty 
seconds, whether inhaled, subcutaneously injected, or swallowed, 
its action begins, and shows itself by flushing the face and start- 
ing the perspiration from the head, face, and neck. This property 
makes it more valuable than Ether or Chloroform in cases of se- 
vere internal spasms with pain, such as angina pectoris, or in ep- 
ilepsy and asthmatic sufferings. 
The most prominent symptoms induced when it is inhaled by 
man in moderate quantities (a few drops) are a sense of fulness 
and distension of the head, amounting at last to severe pain, and 
accompanied at last by intense flushing of the face, a deep, labored 
breathing, and an exceedingly rapid, violent action of the heart. 
The succession of these phenomena is so rapid that often they 
seem to be simultaneous ; but it is said that the cardiac disturb- 
ance is sometimes very distinctly manifest before the other symp- 
toms. 
Dr. H. C. Wood, in his “ Materia Medica and Toxicology,” 
says of its method of action : “ I have found as the results of nu- 
merous experiments made in the ordinary methods, that the dim- 
inution of reflex activity and of voluntary motion, which undoubt- 
edly occurs in toxaemia from this agent, is chiefly spinal in its 
origin ; since, after death, the nerves and muscles preserve, though 
in an impaired condition, their functional power. In the motor 
centres of the cord, the Nitrite is a direct and powerful depressant 
at the same time that it exerts a similar but much less pronounced 
action on the nerves and muscles, decreasing but not destroying 
their functional life. The diminution of reflex activity is never 
preceded by a stage of functional excitement. In some animals 
convulsions do occur, especially when the drug is administered by 
inhalation; but they are in all probability cerebral, not spinal, 
and due to the asphyxiating influence of the poison. Over the 
sensory nerves and centres, Nitrite of amyl has but little power. 22 
AMYL NITKITE. 
They are among the last portions of the body to be affected, sen- 
sation being intact until near death, so that the drug is in no 
sense an anaesthetic. The cause of death appears to be due to the 
failure of power in the cord or respiratory centres higher up. 
The fact that it is not an anaesthetic does not militate against its 
power to relieve the pain of angina pectoris and similar painful 
affections. Angina is now supposed to be due to cramp, or a 
spasmodic contraction of the cardiac muscle. Cramp may cause 
the most agonizing pain known to man. A remedy that removes 
the cramp relieves the pain, not by any anaesthetic power, but by 
relaxing the spasmodically-contracted muscle. 
Wood proves quite conclusively that its action on the arterial 
system is not that of a motor-stimulant. Its action is peripheric, 
not centric. In other words, its apparent stimulating action on 
the heart is reflex. It paralyzes the arterioles, dilating them to 
such an extent that the heart gathers up and exerts its force vio- 
lently for a short time ; but if the inhalation be persisted in, its 
impulse constantly grows weaker, until its power is become ex- 
tinguished. 
After this examination of its physiological and pathological 
action, the question arises : To what abnormal conditions and 
symptoms is the Amyl homoeopathic? It is primarily homoeo- 
pathic to those cases where there is dilatation of the arterioles, and 
a redness and flushing of the surface of the body, not due to any 
primary disturbance of cardiac power. The action of Amyl, ac- 
cording to eminent experimenters, is peripheric. It first exercises 
a paralyzing influence on the coats of the arterioles. This para- 
lyzing influence spreads to the centres, and the heart itself is the 
last to feel its influence. 
This singular and unique quality of Amyl makes it one of the 
very few remedies which in their action correspond with the phys- 
ical effects of the mental emotions. If you study the effects of 
excessive joy, you will see a remarkable resemblance to the action 
of Amyl, namely, a sudden flushing of the face, a distension of 
the peripheral arteries, a quick, bounding pulse, and an increase 
in the number and frequency of the heart-beats. But during 
this period of increased action there is really a diminution of 
arterial pressure at the surface of the body. Sometimes after this 23 
AMYL NITRITE. 
Amyl-flushing has lasted a few moments, the face changes to 
paleness and coldness, and a faintness supervenes, and the same 
occurs after the flushings of joy. Other mental emotions have a 
similar action. Joy is only one example. Amyl is homoeopathic 
to all such symptoms. 
It is a singular and suggestive fact, and makes us very hopeful 
of the final acceptation of the law of Similia by the best men of all 
schools, that the foremost man in the allopathic ranks in Eng- 
land, Dr. Sidney Ringer, recommends, from his own actual expe- 
riences, the Nitrite of amyl for the very symptoms and con- 
ditions which it primarily causes. I quote from his “Thera- 
peutics”—a splendid work, which should be in the hands of 
every homoeopathic physician. (The italics are my own.) He 
says : 
Dr. Brunton shows that it relaxes the whole arterial system, probably by par- 
tially paralyzing the sympathetic ganglia and motor nerves. This paralyzing 
effect of the arterial system is well shown by the sphygmographic tracings, the 
flushing of the face, and the increase in the size of visible arteries like the tem- 
poral, which often becomes notably large, sometimes, indeed, being doubled in 
size, and branches previously invisible become plainly apparent; and by the 
interesting fact observed by Talfourd Jones, who, while cupping a patient over 
the loins and finding that the blood would not flow, administered Nitrite of 
amyl by inhalation, when the cuts immediately began to bleed freely. After an 
inhalation the larger arteries are slower in recovering their normal size than the 
capillaries, a phenomenon well observed in the temporal artery, which remains 
enlarged half a minute or longer after the blush has quite left the face. 
Dr. Brunton first employed Nitrite of amyl in angina pectoris with signal 
success, and found it more effective than any other remedy in this painful and 
dangerous disease. During an attack, his patient suffered from throbbing of the 
heart and carotids as high as the ears, with severe prsecordial pain extending to 
the right arm. The usual characteristic “sense of impending death” was 
absent. The pulse was slightly quickened and the sphygmographic tracing 
became modified, for, as Dr. Brunton states, “ as the pain increased the curve 
became lower, both the ascent and descent more gradual, and dicrotism disap- 
peared. This form of curve clearly indicates that the arterial tension is much 
increased, and can, I think, be due only to contraction of the small systemic 
vessels.” The increased tension first led Dr. Brunton to employ Nitrite of 
amyl. In the case in question he considers that the attack consisted of spas- 
modic contraction of some, if not all, of the small systemic and pulmonary vessels, 
which state of arterial tension gave way on inhaling the Nitrite, and the pain 
then disappeared. On the recurrence of an attack, the patient inhaled the Ni- 
trite of amyl, and always obtained instantaneous relief. 
Dr. Anstie reports a well-marked case of angina greatly relieved by this 24 
AMYL NITRITE. 
treatment. He says: “ The first sniff produced, after an interval of a few seconds, 
the characteristic flushing of the face and sense of fulness of the head; the 
heart gave one strong beat, and then he passed from the state of agony to one of 
perfect repose and peace, and at his usual bedtime slept naturally. This expe- 
rience has, I am happy to say, been repeated on several occasions, and with this 
fortunate result, that so confident now is the patient of being able to cut short 
the paroxysm that he has discarded all use of Ether, and greatly reduced his 
allowance of stimulants.” Hr. Talfourd Jones also finds it very useful in angina. 
Since the previous edition of this work, Nitrite of amyl has been largely used 
in angina, and with considerable success. Indeed, in most cases no other 
remedy affords so much relief. As might be expected, it is not uniformly suc- 
cessful. Thus, in one case due, as we discovered after death, to aneurism of the 
heart immediately below the aortic valve, an inhalation always arrested the pain, 
but it returned after a few seconds or minutes, even if the administration were 
several times repeated, and was as severe and lasting as when no Amyl was 
used. In another case, whilst it gave great relief, always arresting the par- 
oxysm, it took ten minutes to effect this, and was in no way superior to a full 
dose of Ether, which the patient preferred, as the Amyl produced so much gid- 
diness and sensation of fulness in the head. In three other cases, however, it 
proved strikingly successful. In one desperate case the slightest exertion 
brought on intense pain; but by the aid of Amyl the patient could always at 
once cut short the attack, so that now he can walk several miles, though he is 
obliged during his journey to employ the Amyl several times. It has appeared 
to me that by at once checking the paroxysm the attacks come on less frequently 
and less severely, and after a time a much smaller quantity suffices to control 
the pain; so that Amyl really contributes to the prolonged relief of these un- 
happy patients. 
Dr. Talfourd Jones found it remarkably successful in very severe attacks of 
asthma, removing the dyspnoea immediately and averting its return. Others 
have found it very useful in asthma. He found it useful also in a case of cardiac 
dyspnoea, accompanied by extreme anasarca, due to a dilated and hypertrophied 
heart. 
Dr. Sanderson suggests that it may be a relaxer of spasm generally, and Dr. 
Anstie has used it with success in cases of spasm of the stomach. 
Dr. Talfourd Jones advises inhalation of the Nitrite in syncope, and thinks it 
should be of service in the paroxysm of whooping-cough. It is useful in neu- 
ralgia, at least in neuralgia affecting the fifth nerve- It often eases the pain at 
once, and in some cases a single administration has averted further attacks, but 
so signal a result as this is probably exceptional. Dr. Richardson finds that 
Nitrite of amyl arrests in frogs the convulsions due to Strychnia, and in this 
way he has saved their lives; and he advises a trial of the Nitrite, either by 
inhalation or subcutaneons injection, in strychnia poisoning and tetanus. In 
the foregoing diseases it is better to administer this remedy by inhalation, for, 
according to Brunton, it will not answer with anything like the same certainty 
when given by the stomach ; for, in the striking case of angina pectoris just cited, 
he gave ten minims in brandy by the stomach, with the effect of staying the pain 
for only a short time, but a single inhalation afforded perfect and permanent AMYL NITRITE. 
25 
relief from the attack. It should be borne in mind that it affects some persons 
much more than others; one individual being able to inhale five or ten drops 
from a handkerchief, or to breathe the fumes from the bottle held close to the 
nose, while another on smelling a whiff from the bottle held at a distance will 
become affected with great giddiness, much mental confusion, and general 
weakness. Jones directs five or ten drops poured on a handkerchief, or the 
fumes from the bottle held close to the nose, to be inhaled till the pulse quickens, 
when the inhalation should be discontinued; but this plan is far too potent for 
some persons, especially feeble and sensitive women, who in the first instance 
should inhale a much weaker dose. As Jones points out, patients become habit- 
uated to it so that after awhile it must be inhaled several times before it 
affords relief. This habituation is well exemplified in the internal adminis- 
tration of the remedy. Jones also finds that by exposure it gets “flat” and loses 
its efficacy. 
Nitrite of amyl is generally considered a powerful and even dangerous 
remedy, whose administration must be watched with great care, and only a 
measured quantity employed. I am sure it is not nearly so dangerous as is 
generally imagined, though it is true that nervous, sensitive women are far 
more powerfully affected by it than men. No doubt its administration at first 
should be conducted by a doctor, in order to ascertain how far the patient is 
susceptible to its influence, and that the patient may learn when he ought to 
discontinue the inhalation. But after one or two inhalations, patients soon 
learn how to administer it to themselves. I have now five patients with angina 
pectoris, who always carry with them a small bottle of this medicine, and on 
the first warning of an attack they at once begin to sniff at the bottle, whether 
walking or standing. This they have done for months, and one patient for just 
a year, using the inhalation many times daily, so that he consumes about two 
drachms a fortnight with still unfailing relief. Except in relieving the angina, 
the Amyl seems to produce no other effect on the system. 
Dr. Jones recommends a trial of it in epilepsy. To an epileptic patient, who, 
in addition to severe and repeated attacks, suffered from much mental confusion, 
and was haunted many times a day with an indescribable dread and sensation as 
of an oncoming fit, although it came on only once or twice a week, the author 
gave it in three-drop doses thrice daily, and an additional dose on the earliest 
warnings of a fit. Amyl lessened considerably the frequency of the fits, and en- 
tirely removed the harassing sensations. Dr. Crichton Browne has lately published 
some valuable observations on the use of Nitrite of amyl in this disease. In 
two rabbits made artificially epileptic, he prevented the oncoming of the con- 
vulsions, which otherwise follow the application of the electrodes to the brain, 
by making them inhale Nitrite of amyl. By the same means he has likewise 
arrested epileptic attacks on the occurrence of the aura before the onset of the 
fit, and has even cut short the fit after its commencement. He has, too, ob- 
tained very satisfactory results in that form of epilepsy called status epilepticus 
—a condition consisting essentially of a succession of fits, linked together by 
intervening unconsciousness, the fits recurring with greater frequency till at last 
no sooner is one fit ended, nay, before it has finished, another fit begins. Fits 
like these he has arrested, and has rescued several patients out of this desperate 
VOL. IX.—3 26 
AMYL NITRITE. 
plight. Amongst other successful cases, Dr. Weir Mitchell reports one where 
the remedy was used immediately the aura was perceived, and other cases where 
the spasms lasted for hours, one fit following another. These two gentlemen 
give it by inhalation. Since my last edition I have given this remedy with 
considerable success to several epileptic out-patients, in whom the attacks have 
been very frequent. In some it has appeared to be more useful than full doses 
(20 to 30 gr.) of Bromide of potassium thrice daily; in another case, whilst it 
decidedly lessened the frequency of the attacks, it was less serviceable than 
Bromide of potassium. I have given it in two to five minim doses suspended 
in mucilage, every three hours or three times a day, and have not found these 
doses produce any unpleasant effects in these epileptics, nay, in some cases they 
have not even caused flushing, whilst in other cases patients have told me that 
they flush with each dose, but only whilst swallowing it. 
The patient should take the medicine whilst lying down ; and as some pa- 
tients, especially women, are very readily affected by the drug, it is well in the 
first instance to give it in smaller doses. But until the remedy is pushed to two 
and in some cases to five minims every three hours, I have failed to obtain con- 
spicuous results. Dr. Crichton Browne maintains that epileptics are more sensi- 
tive than others to inhalation of Amyl administered in this way. I imagine that 
this medicine will be useful only where the attacks are frequent, and that it can- 
not be given thus, where they occur only at comparatively long intervals of three 
weeks or a month. 
Inhalation of Nitrite of amyl has been recommended in sick headache, and one 
successful case is reported by O. Berger. 
The author has used this remedy extensively with considerable success in 
cases of the following kind: A woman, perhaps from the sudden arrest of 
menstruation, depraved health, or nervous depression, or, more frequently, at 
the change of life, suffers from frequent attacks of flushings or “heats,” starting 
from various parts, as the face, epigastrium, etc., thence spreading over the 
greater part of the body. The face, and even the backs of the hands, are often 
deeply reddened, the veins of the hands in some cases dilating to double the 
previous size. Sometimes, although the patient feels deeply flushed, the skin 
remains natural. The sensation of heat may be so urgent that the patient opens 
her clothes or removes the greater part of the bed-covering, and even throws 
open the window in the coldest weather. These heats may last a few minutes 
only, or an hour or more, and may be repeated many times a day. Sometimes 
they occur chiefly at night, greatly disturbing sleep. They are generally fol- 
lowed by perspiration, often very profuse, at other times the skin remains dry ; 
the attacks are then commonly termed “ dry heats.” The “ heats ” are often 
accompanied by great throbbing throughout the whole body, and are followed 
by much prostration, the patient feeling scarcely able to rouse herself. 
After the heats pass away the skin becomes cold and clammy, and may turn 
very pale. The least exertion or excitement may bring on these heats, and such 
a patient generally complains of cold feet and sometimes of cold hands. The 
flushings are occasionally peculiarly and abruptly limited, reaching to the 
thighs, knees, or elbows, and while all the parts above these feel burning hot the 
parts below feel icy cold; sleep, too, is often much broken, the patient waking AMYL NITRITE. 
27 
with frequent starts, and in the morning feeling unrefreshed. In many cases 
palpitation or “fluttering at the heart” occur on the slightest excitement, or 
even without apparent cause. 
Nitrite of amyl prevents or greatly lessens these flushings or “heats,” and 
averts the profuse perspiration, throbbing of vessels, and great prostration. 
Sometimes it warms the feet and hands, and controls the fluttering of the heart, 
but in most cases it leaves these symptoms unaffected, and for their cure other 
remedies, as iron, are required. Amyl removes also giddiness, confusion of 
mind, heaviness in the head, and even headache; it generally produces calm, 
refreshing sleep. 
When the flushings and perspiration are slight this remedy is scarcely 
needed; moreover, the perspirations are generally considered vicarious and 
beneficial at the change of life. The symptoms, in many cases, form only a 
minor part of the troubles of the patient, who may complain of great sinking at 
the epigastrium, or severe pains in different parts of the body, and other suffer- 
ings incident to this period, over which Nitrite of amyl has little if any influ- 
ence. But when flushings, etc., constitute the chief part of the patient’s troubles 
this medicine is most serviceable. 
The Nitrite of amyl in ten days completely cured the following singular case 
of a woman who had been horribly tormented, for three years, with attacks, 
repeated several times daily, of severe burning sensation over the loins, from 
whence a glow of heat spread over the whole body, followed by perspiration. 
The burning sensation was so unendurable that she was constrained to open the 
window at night even in winter, and sometimes to rush out of doors. 
For the symptoms thus described the author has generally administered this 
drug by the stomach, though inhalation answers as well. In respect of dose it 
must be borne in mind that, like Glonoin (Nitroglycerin), its effects vary 
very greatly with different persons. One, two, or even three minims produce in 
some only flushing of the face and slight giddiness, while in others even a drop 
will induce various disagreeable symptoms. Thus one woman immediately after 
a drop dose turned deadly pale, felt very giddy, and then became partially un- 
conscious, remaining so for ten minutes. In another patient the same dose 
produced a sensation as if “a vapor spread from the throat through her head,” 
and rendered her quite powerless for one or two seconds. A third of a minim 
dose sometimes excites great nausea or a tickling in the throat; and one delicate 
woman after one-thirtieth of a drop passed for a few minutes after each dose 
into a trancelike state, everything to her seeming unreal, and the breathing 
becoming rather panting. The author began with a minim dose, but was 
obliged to reduce this quantity, and he ultimately found that, for the most part, 
those patients can bear one-third of a minim without any disagreeable symp- 
toms, but that a tenth, nay, even a thirtieth of a minim will in some patients 
produce the desired effect on flushing. It may be dissolved in rectified spirits, 
two minims to the drachm, and of this three to five drops should be taken on 
sugar every three hours, with an additional dose as soon as a flush begins. Re- 
lief generally ensues immediately, but sometimes not till the medicine has been 
taken for a week. As the patient grows accustomed to the remedy the dose 
must be increased. 28 
AMYL NITRITE. 
Dr. H. L. Waldo, of Troy, N. Y., in a paper on the Nitrite of 
amyl, takes a somewhat different view of its action than I have 
given. I quote his remarks, and also his clinical observations: 
Its power over all forms of spasmodic diseases is exerted by virtue of its 
direct action on the ganglionic centres of the sympathetic system, and not by any 
stimulating or paralyzing action on the capillaries, or any direct sedative action 
on muscular tissue, as certain allopathic physicians would have us believe. The 
vasomotor nerves, which are a part of the great sympathetic system, supply the 
muscular coat of the arteries, and thereby regulate the expansion and contraction 
of these tubes, and so determine the amount of blood that shall pass through 
them. It is well known that all spasmodic diseases, as asthma, chorea, epilepsy, 
etc., are due to a deficient innervation, and in turn this deficient innervation is 
due to a deficient supply of blood to the nerve centres ; and this deficient supply 
is due to an irritation of the cerebral ganglia, which is transmitted by the vaso- 
motor nerves to the coats of the arteries, causing them to contract. Now, Nitrite 
of amyl acts directly on the cerebral ganglia of the sympathetic, and produces a 
commotion in the circulatory system similar to that which occurs in an epileptic 
fit. “ When it is given rapidly the lungs and brain are found blanched, and the 
left side of the heart empty, though the right cavities are gorged with blood. If 
given slowly it leaves a congested state of the brain and lungs, and blood is found 
in both sides of the heart.”—“ United States Dispensatory.” 
We see that its action falls almost entirely on the nerves of the arteries, 
scarcely any at all upon those of the veins, thereby greatly modifying the supply 
of blood to the brain, but not greatly influencing its return to the heart, and 
this again is just the state of things found in epilepsy. 
In chorea and spasmodic asthma the spasm is due to the same cause, though 
it differs in extent. In syncope, too, we find the same condition of the cerebral 
circulation to which Nitrite of amyl has just been proved to be so peculiarly 
homoeopathic, and in this affection it has been found very useful by allopathic 
physicians. It is a powerful cardiac stimulant. The excitement which it pro- 
duces is followed by diminished but not extinguished action of the heart. A 
reduction of the respiration and circulation so extreme as to resemble trance 
may be induced and maintained for hours. Muscular action is at first “ wildly 
excited,” and then subdued by its use. 
I fully believe that if administered just before an epileptic fit is to occur it 
will prevent the spasm of vessels, and hence prevent the fit every time; and in 
several cases that have come to my knowledge it has thus far proved perma- 
nently curative, preventing any recurrence of the fits. In a case of seven years’ 
standing, brought on by masturbation, now under treatment, the patient carries 
a vial of it in his pocket, and when the aura occurs takes a few inspirations 
from it, and thus far has not failed to throw oft’ the fits, a good many of which 
would certainly have occurred but for this treatment. Two fits have occurred 
while he was asleep and could not use the remedy. I have used it in several 
severe cases of eclampsia or fits in children, produced by various causes, and 
with the invariable result of at once breaking the fit. In a case of meningitis 
caused by a fall, while the child was kept under its influence the fits were pre- 29 
AMYL NITRITE. 
vented or at once broken, but the child died in a few hours from the severity of 
the disease. 
It may be inhaled directly from a small vial, or five or ten drops may be put 
on a sponge or small cloth, from which it may be inhaled. For children I make 
the first decimal dilution with alcohol, and put ten or fifteen drops on a hand- 
kerchief and hold it near the nose.—“American Journal of Materia Medica.” 
Dr. H. C. Wood, in speaking of its use in angina pectoris, 
says: “There is now abundant evidence of its value in relieving, 
almost instantly, agony which has resisted all other treatment, 
whether valvular disease or merely functional disorder exists.” 
He adds, however, that “in cases of advanced fatty degeneration, 
or of very great dilatation of the heart, I think its use would be 
attended with danger, owing to its effect upon the heart’s muscle.” 
Here we have the opinion of one who only looks upon its ap- 
parent antipathic action and the administration of large quanti- 
ties by inhalation. But we can view it in another light. It is 
homoeopathic to the very condition of debility alluded to by 
Wood, and in minute doses it may act promptly as a curative 
agent. 
It will be remembered that we are warned against using Chloral 
in cases of weakened heart, because in large or toxic doses it par- 
alyzes the heart. But it has been demonstrated many times, by 
myself and others of our school, that in small doses it actually 
strengthens failing cardiac power ; as witness the remarkable case 
reported by Drs. Swan and Helmuth, and quoted under “ Chlo- 
ral.” 
Nitrite of Amyl in Ague—Dr. W. E. Saunders, of Indore, calls attention to the 
value of Amyl nitrite in ague, and records a number of cases in which advan- 
tage has been derived from its use. The drug itself, he remarks, is inexpensive 
and goes a long way. He now uses Nitrite of amyl mixed with an equal part of 
Oil of coriander, to render it less volatile and at the same time to cover its odor. 
He regards it as the most powerful diaphoretic he has seen, and he uses it in all 
cases of fever to produce diaphoresis. The following is one of his cases: Mr. F. 
C. came for treatment about 7 p.m. in the cold stage of ague. Two minims of 
Nitrite of amyl were administered ; sweating came on in seven minutes. He lay 
down for half an hour to get cool, and then walked home well. He next morn- 
ing took a dose of Quinine, and has had but one attack of fever without the cold 
stage since. Previous to this he had fever every day for one month, during 
which he took large doses of Quinine. Dr. Saunders observes that he does not 
mean to say that Quinine should not be used in the cases, for there is ample 
proof that it tends to check the return of the attacks, and removes to some ex- 30 
AMYL NITRITE. 
tent the septic condition of the blood induced by the malarial poison, and this 
more especially if small doses of Opium be combined with it. In no case did 
the Amyl fail to remove the attack in about one-third the usual time, and in most 
cases the fever did not return. The method of administration he adopts is this: 
Four drops of the mixture or two of Amyl are poured on a small piece of lint, 
which is given into the hands of the patient, and he is told to inhale it freely. 
He soon becomes flushed, and both his pulse and respiration are much accel- 
erated, and when he feels warm all over the inhalation is discontinued, as the 
symptoms continue to increase for some time afterwards. A profuse perspiration 
now sets in, which speedily ends the attack; in some cases, however, the cold 
stage merely passes off without any hot or sweating stage.-—" Indian Medical Ga- 
zette ” in “ The Practitioner.” 
Pathogenesis. 
The characteristic symptoms of Amyl, so far as we have gained 
the knowledge of them, have appeared in Allen’s “ Encyclopedia 
of Materia Medica,” vol. i, from which I quote them, adding a few 
which I have gleaned from other sources. 
Through an inadvertence they were omitted in Vol. I, “ Special 
Symptomatology,” and are, therefore, appended hereunto. 
Mind. 
Anxiety, as if something might happen; must have fresh air. 
Actual fright at the throbbing in the head, and a bursting-out 
feeling in the ears. 
Mental confusion and a dreamlike state. 
She passed for a few minutes, after each dose of one-thirtieth 
of a drop, into a trancelike state, everything seeming to her un- 
real . 
Head. 
Great confusion of the head, with vertigo. 
Heat and throbbing in the head, with a feeling of intense fulness, 
with great heat and flushing of the face. 
* Beating, throbbing, bursting sensation in the head and ears, 
with constriction of the throat and heart. 
Visible pulsating throbbing in the temples, with sense of ten- 
sion in the temples. 
Sensation of something rushing upward, and throbbing in the 
vertex. Heavy, dull aching all through the head. AMYL NITRITE. 
31 
It causes no severe pain in the head until the acme of its effects 
is reached. 
Sensation as if a vapor spread from her, through her head, and 
rendered her powerless. 
Face. 
Flushing of the face, a bright scarlet. It becomes intensely red 
and hot; on passing off the face became paler than usual. 
A sensation as if the blood would start through the skin of the 
face, with lachrymation. 
The flushing of the face is attended by heat and perspiration of 
the head, face, and neck, while the hands and feet become very 
cold, and sometimes continue so for hours. 
° Flushing and perspirations of the face and neck of women at 
the change of life. 
0 Neuralgia of fifth nerve. ° Supraorbital neuralgia. 
Eyes. 
Protruding, staring eyes, with bloodshot conjunctiva. 
Pupils dilated. 
Sight very hazy, the outline of objects indistinct. 
A spot on the wall appears of a yellowish hue, surrounded by 
a yellowish circle, and this again surrounded by a violet-blue halo, 
with undulating edges. 
Under the ophthalmoscope the veins of the disk were seen to be- 
come enlarged, varicose, and tortuous; the arteries small, but not 
abnormally so. 
It causes a very profuse flow of urine, which contains an abun 
dance of Sugar (in animals). 
Urinary Organs. 
Ears. 
Much throbbing in ears. ° Tinnitus aurium. 
Bursting sensation in ears, as if membrani tympani of each ear 
would be forced out with each beat of the heart. 
Pressure over the root of the nose. 0 Epistaxis. 
Nose. 32 
AMYL NITRITE. 
Throat. 
Choking feeling in the throat on each side of the trachea, along 
the carotids. 
Feeling of constriction. The collar seemed too tight, with desire 
to loosen it. 
Tickling in the throat. 
Stomach. 
Slight nausea, with uncomfortable feeling of the stomach. 
Constriction and pressure over the region of the praecordia, as 
though he wants to rub it. 
° Spasm of the stomach (Dr. Anstie). 
0 Very successful in seasickness (by inhalation or internally). 
Chest and Respiration. 
The feeling of constriction in the throat extended to the chest, and 
produced dyspnoea and asthmatic feeling in the larynx and trachea, 
with desire te eructate. 
An indescribable feeling of fulness about the chest, with invol- 
untary coughing, but the normal respirations are not altered in 
frequency. 
It sometimes causes slight dyspnoea, or breathlessness, with in- 
clination to cough. 
A desire to sigh convulsively. 
° Asthma, it removes the dyspnoea immediately, and prevents 
its return. 
Heart and. Circulation. 
* Prcecordial anxiety. 
* The heating of thq heart and of the carotids is, in some persons, 
very marked. 
* Accelerated heart-action, with increased frequency of cardiac 
pulsations. 
* Great cardiac oppression and tumultuous heart-action. 
* An aching pain and constriction around the heart. (This sen- 
sation continued, more or less, for three weeks; was relieved by 
taking Cactus.) AMYL NITRITE ANTIMONIUM IODATUM. 
33 
It invariably quickens the pulse, but in a variable degree, some- 
times doubling its pace. 
While the pulse is always increased in frequency, it is not in 
force. Pulse irregular and jerking. 
It relaxes the whole arterial system, probably by partially par- 
alyzing the sympathetic ganglia and motor nerves. 
° Angina pectoris, with throbbing of the heart and carotids as 
high as the ears. Very severe prsecordial pain, extending to the 
right arm. (Dr. Sidney Ringer.) 
* Angina pectoris, with great agony. (Drs. Brunton, Anstie, 
and Talfourd Jones.) 
° Very successful in sun-stroke or heat-stroke. 
Extremities. 
Tired feeling of the limbs. 
Tremulousness of the hand, and stiffness and slight numbness 
of the fingers. 
Generalities. 
General relaxed, weak feeling all over tlie whole body. 
General sudden perspiration. 
She turned deadly pale, felt very giddy, then became partially 
unconscious, remaining so for ten minutes. 
A feeling of increased warmth and perspiration over the whole 
body, especially the head, face, and neck, while the hands and feet 
may become very cold, and remain so for many hours. 
0 A severe burning sensation over the loins, from whence a 
glow of heat spreads over the whole body, followed by perspira- 
tion. This sensation was so unendurable that she would rush to 
open a window at night, even in the winter, and sometimes rush 
outdoors. (This symptom had lasted three years, with several 
attacks daily, and was cured in ten days.) (Dr. Ringer.) 
ANTIMONIUM IODATUM. 
(Teriodide of Antimony.) 
I have recommended this remedy in my work on Sterility, for 
uterine areolar hyperplasia, for which Tartar emetic has heretofore 
been used. 34 
APOCYNUM ANDPOSEMIFOLIUM. 
The remedy has been used with excellent results in bronchitis, 
humid asthma, and even in cases which simulated pulmonary 
phthisis. The symptoms present in the cases cured are: Frequent 
spells of coughing, with expectoration of frothy, white, or thick 
yellowish mucus; loss of appetite and strength; moderate febrile ac- 
tion ; coated tongue; yellowish discoloration of the skin and con- 
junctive. In subacute bronchitis it acts like a charm. In chronic 
bronchitis with or without asthma it has brought relief when 
other remedies have failed. The dose is from one grain of the 
third decimal trituration to five grains of the second. The rem- 
edy bids fair to rival Tartar emetic (Tartrate of antimony and 
Potash) in the treatment of bronchial and pulmonary affections. 
From the nature of the elements of which the new remedy is 
composed we may expect that it will have a specific action on 
the skin as well as on the mucous membrane. 
APOOYNUM ANDROSEMIFOLIUM. 
Although belonging to the same genus as the A. cannabinum, 
it certainly differs very much from it in its specific action. The 
sphere of action of the Dog’s-bane includes the muscular and 
fibrous tissues, especially those of the smaller extremities. 
My experience with this remedy has been quite limited. I 
have used it successfully in two cases of “ rheumatic gout” so 
called by an English surgeon of eminence. The symptoms cor- 
responded so nearly that it was given in preference to Bryonia or 
Benzoic acid. Dr. Williams, of St. Paul, Minn., writes that he 
considers it the chief remedy for acute rheumatic affections in that 
region. When the acute pains in the joints are attended by 
cramps, bilious stools, and flying pains in the teeth, it will be well 
indicated, according to Dr. Henry’s heroic provings. 
Its curative power in dropsy is very much inferior to A. can- 
nabinum, if it' has any such power at all. 
The tincture in drop doses has been known to expel ascarides 
and other worms. Its analogues are probably Bryonia, Iris, 
Colchicum, and a few others, but the drug needs further develop- 
ment to determine its true place. APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. 
35 
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. 
Th is should not be confounded with the India hemp (Canna- 
bis indica), a drug which has little or no analogy to this plant, 
and belongs to another family. 
This is one of those remedies whose sphere of action is very lim- 
ited, but in that sphere it is of immense importance. Its patho- 
genetic and curative action appears to be confined almost wholly 
to the kidneys—all the other symptoms seem to be the result. 
This action on the Sidneys does not seem to go beyond passive 
congestion, with some irritation of the urinary mucous membrane, 
for even in the most heroic provings no trace of blood, epithelium, 
or other abnormal sediment is observable in the urine. Primarily 
it causes profuse discharges, the secretion being very light-colored. 
Secondarily it causes a peculiar torpid action of the kidneys, very 
scanty urine, but no pain or renal tenderness. I do not doubt but 
it could cause vesical and urethral pain, for it has cured such con- 
ditions. 
This medicine had a reputation for the cure of dropsy in the 
early history of this country, and has retained that reputation in 
all systems of practice. Homoeopathists have made many bril- 
liant cures where they have used it rationally. 
Dropsy, in its various forms, is the chief curative sphere of 
Apocynum c., but renal dropsy is strictly the proper sphere of its 
action. Other dropsies may be temporarily removed or palliated 
by its use, but not cured. It is this palliative power which gave 
it the name, among the early physicians, of the “ vegetable 
trocar,” meaning that its value was similar to that of tapping. 
Anasarca, ascites, oedema of the legs, and even hydrothorax, 
may all proceed from suspended action of the kidneys, as an idio- 
pathic affection. When this is the case the Indian hemp properly 
administered will rarely fail to cure if no structural disease of the 
kidneys exists. I will here repeat the two rules, given by me in 
“ New Remedies,” as a guide to its administration: 
(1.) In cases of acute, idiopathic dropsies use the dilutions, 
beginning with the high, and descending more or less rapidly, 
according to the progress of the disease. 36 
APOCYNUM CANNAPINUM. 
(2.) In chronic, atonic, or secondary dropsies, use the tincture, 
or tiie decoction in one or two-drachm doses. 
The most brilliant cures ever made with the Apoc. c. were made 
with the infusion or decoction (§j to one quart of hot water) in 
doses of half a drachm to four drachms. Even in acute dropsies 
the infusion acts more promptly than the tincture. This infusion 
can be “ run up” to the third dilution, in water, if that strength 
is preferred. Like Digitalis, the Apoc. c. is often apparently 
inert if given in the alcoholic tincture. 
There is no variety of dropsy but may be amenable to its pal- 
liative, if not its curative, action. Even in dropsy from organic 
diseases of the heart it will keep down the effusion and allow the 
heart a chance to regain much of its former strength. 
In post-scarlatinal dropsy, or simple, uncomplicated albuminu- 
ria, it will often prove promptly curative. 
Bright’s disease cannot be cured by this medicine, and rarely 
by any other, but the dropsy may be kept in check so long as 
any considerable portion of the kidney is free from organic 
changes. 
Hydrocephalus has doubtless been cured by Apoc. c., if we are 
to accept the statement of two eminent physicians, one of each 
school of medicine (see second edition of “ New Remedies ”). The 
symptoms were : (1) “ Sutures of the head opened ; forehead project - 
ing, sight of one eye lost, the other almost; child lying in a stupor 
with constant involuntary motion of one arm and leg;” and, (2) 
“ Paralysis of left side, one eye motionless, the other rolling, 
bowels disturbed, pulse slow.” In the first case drachm doses of 
a weaker infusion cured. In the second, drop doses of the tinc- 
ture. I think I have cured two cases with it, while it has failed 
in a great many; but in this respect it is no worse than the Helle- 
bore, which has been so highly praised, and so unsuccessful. In 
addition to its value in dropsy the Apoc. c. has been used suc- 
cessfully in other disorders. 
Nasal catarrh has been caused and cured by its use. The 
catarrhal symptoms are : 
“ Peculiar dryness of the mucous membrane of the nose, with 
a sensation of stiffness, followed by secretion of thick, yellow 
mucus, preceded in some cases by a thin, irritating discharge.” APOCYNUM CANNABINUM—APOMOEPHIN. 
37 
For this species of coryza the 2X trit. of the root is snuffed up 
the nose. The eyes, throat, and bronchia are affected with the 
same catarrh, which accounts for its popularity in bronchial and 
asthmatic coughs, for which it is certainly useful, as I have often 
proved. 
Diabetes insipidus is one of the primary conditions caused by 
this drug, and the characteristic concomitant symptom is : 
“ A sense of sinking at the pit of the stomach, with great de- 
bility.” 
Like all powerful diuretics, the Apoc. c. sometimes proves pow- 
erfully emetic and cathartic. In dropsy, when the stomach is 
very irritable, and vomiting of all drinks is a troublesome symp- 
tom, the Apoc. c. often corrects immediately. Dr. Paine recom- 
mends it in diarrhoea, intestinal haemorrhage, and cholera infantum, 
but I have never had any experience with it in such cases. 
Uterine haemorrhage has been cured by Apoc. c., according to 
Dr. Marsden, who gives us the only clinical experience we have 
of its use in that affection. In one case (menorrhagia) the flow was 
profuse, clotted, and attended by “ great irritability of the stomach,” 
fainting, etc. In another case the haemorrhage occurred at the change 
of life, but was checked in a week, after lasting six. Several other 
cases of long-continued haemorrhage Dr. Marsden reports cured by 
the Apoc. c. in drop doses of the tincture. In my practice it has 
appeared to restore the menses when given for dropsical conditions, 
and Dr. Barnes, of California, reports that he often cures with it 
amenorrhoea in young girls, when attended with bloating of the 
abdomen and extremities. 
Dr. Lindsay reports his own case of severe haemoptysis, which 
had resisted the use of Aeon., Ham., China, and Frig., but was 
promptly checked by Apoc. c. lx, repeated every few minutes. 
Another physician says he has checked pulmonary haemorrhage 
in consumptives with it. It would seem from the cures of haemor- 
rhage reported that it acts very similarly to Ipecac, in such cases, 
and is indicated by very nearly the same symptom, namely, the 
vomiting, or nausea. 
APOMOEPHIN. 
This new alkaloid of Opium was discovered by Dr. Mathieson. 38 
APOMORPHIN. 
It is a snow-white powder, which is permanent when dry, but 
when moist soon becomes green. A solution suffers this change 
in a few hours, and in a few weeks the green color turns to black. 
For homoeopathic use triturations should be made with pure, dry 
sugar of milk, and kept closely corked. I ought to say that Dr. 
Dyce Brown says the 3d centesimal dilution does keep its virtues 
a long time. 
One of the most remarkable effects of this alkaloid is sudden 
vomiting. As small a quantity as one-twentieth or one-fifteenth of a 
grain injected under the skin of an adult man will cause copious 
vomiting in five or ten minutes. 
Dr. Blackley (“British Journal of Homoeopathy,” 1873) gives 
a graphic account of its action. He injected ten minims of a ten 
per cent, solution of Apomorphin under the skin of his left arm. 
During the first two minutes no effect was produced. After about 
ten minutes the pulse began to rise slightly, and the respirations 
became slightly accelerated. At the end of four minutes he felt a 
sudden qualmishness, which was almost immediately followed by 
nausea and profuse vomiting. This continued for several minutes, 
anti was followed, as soon as the contents of the stomach had been 
evacuated, by severe retching. On taking a draught of water 
with a little brandy in it this was immediately rejected ; the same 
occurred after drinking cold water. JSlo bile, however, came up 
in the vomited matter. At the end of seven or eight minutes from 
the commencement of the experiment he began to feel very faint, 
and was compelled to lie down, and almost immediately on doing 
so fainted entirely, and remained in a state of syncope for about 
five minutes. On awaking from this he felt giddy and chilly. He 
took a little brandy and water, which was retained. He then be- 
came drowsy, and slept an hour, during which he perspired pro- 
fusely. On rising, he felt slight giddiness, but no desire to vomit; 
slept soundly all night; awoke pale and hungry. 
Dr. Blackley made several experiments on animals, in which it 
developed more grave symptoms, convulsive and cerebral; but I 
doubt if they are useful to us. 
The question arises: What use can we make of such a powerful 
drug? It will be noted that the vomiting is marked by sudden- 
ness, completeness, and the absence of pain, or continued nausea. It APOMORPHIN. 
39 
occurs to me that we shall find it the safest and quickest emetic in 
cases of poisoning, when the object is to evacuate the poison as soon 
as possible. In such cases inject hypodermically one-tenth or one- 
fifth of a grain in a few drops of a recent aqueous solution, or give 
internally, in solution, one-fifth to one-third grain of the pure 
drug. Next to the mustard-water emetic it seems preferable to 
all others. 
Dr. Blackley says it does not interfere with digestion, as a man to 
whom he gave it, vomiting at 8 P.M., at 9 P.M. ate a hearty supper 
and digested it. “This,” says Dr. D. Brown, “coincides with 
what I find to be its sphere of action on the stomach. The cases 
where I have used it with success are chiefly those where sickness 
or vomiting constitute the disease under which the patient is labor- 
ing. The tongue is clean, the bowels are regular, there are no 
headaches, the patient has a desire more or less for food, and has 
no pain after eating, but a feeling of nausea comes on at intervals, 
especially after taking food, which may or may not be omitted. 
In other cases, when there is marked dyspepsia, and when Nux or 
Pulsatilla is indicated, I find Apomorphin very valuable, given at 
the time of the onset of the sick feeling, and repeated every ten or 
fifteen minutes until it is relieved. In other cases still, when the 
vomiting is sympathetic, as in the case of neuralgic headache, gall- 
stones, a cerebral affection, or uterine disease, Apomorphin is 
equally useful.” Dr. Cooper states that he had seen it cause im- 
mediate cessation of vomiting in a distressing case where a tumor 
pressed on the brain. 
Dr. Brown thinks it resembles Ipecac. I do not agree with him ; 
for Ipecac, is useless in vomiting from cerebral and nearly all other 
remote irritations. Apomorphin will not cause vomiting in ani- 
mals if the vagus is cut, or if the subject is chloroformed. Some 
authorities assert that so small a quantity as one-five-hundredth 
of a grain causes vomiting. This seems to prove, with Dr. Cooper’s 
case, that the action of Apomorphin is central. If such be the 
case, it ought to cure or palliate all cases of vomiting from cerebral 
disease or irritation. I do not see how this can agree with the 
statement of Brown that it removes vomiting from uterine and he- 
patic disorder, but such seems to be the case. 
Dr. Brown reports thirteen cases of nausea or vomiting cured 40 
APOMORPHIN—ARCTIUM LAPPA. 
by Apomorphin (“British Journal of Homoeopathy,” July, 1874), 
viz.: 
(1.) Case of nausea, with disgust for food; white tongue. 
(2.) Case of a child vomiting for three days, bowels slightly loose, 
stools whitish, tongue white. 
(3.) A woman of sixty vomits her food about an hour after 
taking it; nausea all the time. 
(4.) Frequent vomiting, and almost constant nausea, in a wo- 
man. 
(5.) A woman of fifty, constant nausea and vomiting, with pain 
and tenderness in the region of the liver, which was enlarged. He 
gave Bryonia and Apomorphin in alternation. He thinks the latter 
cured the sickness, as it was better after two doses. 
(6.) A young lady with displacement of the uterus had almost 
constant feeling of sickness, with frequent attacks of violent retch- 
ing, followed by intense prostration. This medicine relieved the 
vomiting after all others failed. 
(7.) A lady of forty-two, with large ovarian tumor, had per- 
sistent vomiting; got immediate relief, after a fruitless trial of all 
other remedies. 
(8.) Sickness and incessant vomiting in a sailor, tenderness over 
the liver, but no enlargement. Three doses cured. 
(9, 10, and 12.) Vomiting of food in children. 
(11 and 13.) Morning sickness and vomiting (the patients did 
not report, but he thinks they were cured or they would have re- 
turned). 
Dr. Brown further says: “ I have found Apomorphin success- 
ful in removing nausea which frequently presented between attacks 
of gallstones, and in a case of long-standing supraorbital neural- 
gia” 
I have had no personal experience with this remedy, but would 
advise a trial of it in seasickness, and in the vomiting from riding 
in a carriage or in railway cars. Some points of its action remind 
me of Cocculus. Dr. Brown used the 3d cent. dil. invariably. 
ARCTIUM LAPPA, 
From time immemorial this plant has been used as a “ blood ARCTIUM LAPPA—ARALIA RACEMOSA. 
41 
purifier” in domestic practice. It grows in nearly every country, 
and its popularity is almost universal. 
Dr. Burt observed that its continued use in the form of decoc- 
tion or syrup was quite successful in curing obstinate cutaneous 
eruptions, and it occurred to him to use it in practice. He claims 
to have cured several cases of tinea capitis “ when the head was 
completely covered with a grayish-white crust, and most of the 
hair gone; the eruption extended to the face.” These cases were 
cured by the Burdock after Sulphur, Iris, Merc., Graph., and Lyc. 
had been tried faithfully without benefit. 
Orusta lactea has also been cured by this remedy. 
Chronic erysipelas is said to be removed permanently by its 
persistent use. 
My observations have been mainly confined to its use in fur- 
unculi, when crops of boils persistently occur. In such instances 
I have known its use to be followed by an apparent removal of 
the furunculous tendency. Hordeolum and ulcerated eyelids are 
benefited by it, and Old Culpepper recommends it in fetid sweat 
of the axillfe. Abscesses of the axillary glands have been cured by 
it. It appears to me to be an analogue of Hepar sulphur, Graph- 
ites, Phytolacca, and Sulphur. A proving may show this affinity ; 
also its real value in dropsy, dysuria, and other disorders of the 
urinary organs, for which it has been recommended. 
Although attention was called to this plant, so extensively used 
by the people in domestic practice, in the first and second editions 
of “ New Remedies,” it attracted but little attention, until Dr. 
Samuel A. Jones, of New York, made his graphic and unique 
proving, which was published in the appendix to my third edition. 
It always seemed to me that a remedy so popular with the 
masses as a curative agent in coughs of all kinds ought to have 
some specific affinities for the respiratory organs. 
Dr. Jones thought he had discovered its true sphere of action. 
Prescribing it for the symptoms which he elicited in his provings, 
he claims to have succeeded in curing some very severe cases of 
“ hay fever ,” humid asthma, and some cases of suffocating cough. 
As it may be interesting to the class, the most characteristic 
symptoms are here given : 
ARABIA RACEMOSA. 
YOL II.—4 42 
ARALIA RACEMOSA. 
Dry, wheezing respiration, with sense of impending suffocation, 
and rapidly increasing dyspnoea. 
Very loud musical whistlings, during both inspiration and ex- 
piration, but louder during inspiration. 
Could not possibly lie down; felt as if he would suffocate if he 
did not sit up. 
The oppression first appeared to be all in the right lung; it 
then attacked the left lung, and the right became entirely relieved. 
All the obstruction seemed to be in inspiration. 
When the attack reached its acme expectoration set in; at first 
scanty, then increased in quantity, warm and salt. 
A constant desire to clear the chest of something, so that I 
could inspire better. 
On making a forcible expiration, in the attempt to clear the 
chest, had a raw, burning, sore feeling behind the whole length of 
the sternum, and in each lung. 
Although Dr. Jones was “ inclined to asthma,” as he says, this 
attack was very different from his usual attacks. The question 
arises—would the Aralia originate an attack in a person not in- 
clined to asthma? When we consider that it is drank in large 
quantities of the decoction without causing any such effects—so 
far as we know,—its power of causing such attacks sui generis is 
more than doubtful. But this will not prevent its being useful 
and homceopathic to asthma, especially in persons subject to at- 
tacks. Dr. Jones took ten drops of the mother tincture. I have 
greatly relieved asthmatics with the same doses, repeated every 
hour. For children the 2X dilution acts well. The tincture to 
be potent must be made from the fresh root. 
Dr. Jones relates a ease of hay asthma, cured by Aralia, in which 
the characteristic symptoms were : 
Yearly attacks of suffocative catarrh, with “ extreme sensitive- 
ness to a draught, the least current of air causing sneezing, with 
copious watery, acrid discharge from nostrils and posterior nares, of 
a salty, acrid taste, excoriating all the passages.” 
Waking at midnight, with suffocative breathing, inability to lie 
down, and the copious discharge above mentioned. 
Relief of the asthma by bending forward, elbows on knees. In- 
spiration more difficult than expiration. 
When the corvza ceased the trouble went to the lungs, with 
* o y ARALIA RACEMOSA ARANEA DIADEMA. 
43 
dry, wheezing cough, ejecting yellow, threadlike pieces of tough 
mucus. 
Aralia, ten drops, three times a day ; cured in three days. 
It has been used with apparent benefit in dysmenorrhoea, leucor- 
rhoea, and suppressed lochia, but in these cases the home infusion 
was given. 
ARANEA DIADEMA. 
This remedy, heretofore rarely used except for haemorrhages 
from punctured wounds, has lately been brought into notice by 
Grauvogl. 
The pathogenesis, as will be seen by reference to Vol. I, is very 
meagre, being made up of fragmentary provings. But Grauvogl, 
like many of his countrymen, has the power, apparently, of evolv- 
ing unfailing indications for a remedy out of his “ inner conscious- 
ness” rather than from extended provings. Grauvogl (page 354) 
first mentions Aranea in the following way—after giving a clinical 
case illustrating the hydrogenoid constitution. He says : 
“ As I had found in my practice that Aranea diadema, still 
more than Nux and Ipecac., diminishes the influence of hydrogen 
on the system, and since it was also indicated, according to the 
laws of similarity, by the constant chilliness, I directed,” etc. 
The case he narrates is of a woman subject to catalepsy, periodi- 
cal headache, etc. Her sufferings were always aggravated by 
damp weather, the use of baths. She was constantly chilly, with 
cold hands and feet, even in a warm room. The Aranea cured 
this case in a short time. 
In another case of enlarged spleen, in a man subject to ague, 
who was constantly chilly, who lived in a damp location, and was 
worse when it rained, the 2X of Aranea cured. 
Grauvogl more than intimates that in certain cases this remedy 
would be a specific for chlorosis. He narrates a case of protracted 
pneumonia, when the patient was “ one day better, the next decid- 
edly worse, and then at 8 p.m. he was worse than ever .... he 
felt chilly, notwithstanding a constant sweat, and in spite of hot 
cloths to the abdomen.” Nux and Ipecac, ameliorated the symp- 
toms, but “ after eight days he still was chilly in the upper parts 
of the body.” Aranea 3X was given alternately with Nux, under 
which he soon recovered. 44 
ARANEA DIADEMA. 
It does not matter with Grauvogl what the nature of the dis- 
ease is, or where it is located, if the patient is constantly chilly he 
cures him with Aranea or some hydrogenoid remedy. Thus, an 
old man had an abscess on his heel, due to “ chronic inflammation 
of the periosteum of the os calcis.” The ulcer was gangrenous, 
very painful. Aranea relieved the pains, but the ulcer deepened. 
Silica and Calc. carb. aggravated. Because the patient was con- 
stantly chilly, and the pains increased and decreased periodically, 
he gave Aranea, and says he effected a “ rapid cure,” although the 
time was five months before the “ cure ” was complete. 
On page 205 he gives a graphic description of a case of ague, 
in which the chill came on at 7 p.m. and lasted till 8 a.m. (no 
fever or sweat was present). lie gave this patient 80 grains of 
Quinine, in three days, with no effect. Then he cured him with 
Aranea 2X, five drops every hour. An immediate improvement 
was observed. 
Additional eases, as follows, are reported in the u Allg. Horn. 
Zeit.,” 55, 166. 
(1.) A case of chronic headache, preceded by flickering before 
the eyes and vertigo, which forces her to lie down. The head- 
ache is attended with dulness, great heat in the face, weariness, 
loss of strength, and lasts one day. Cured by Aranea 6th. 
2. Toothache ; pinching, pressing pain in upper incisors, regularly 
from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m., leaving a sensitiveness and cold feeling 
on drawing in air. Nux was taken without result. The patient 
was bitten by a spider (Aranea), and “ from that instant the pains 
gradually went off.” This physician says he has often cured 
such toothaches, with sensation as if the gum or cheek was swol- 
len, by means of Aranea 6th. 
(3.) Pain in the temples, with vertigo on rising, and a disa- 
greeable feeling, as if the hands and head were swollen. Cured 
by Aranea. 
Dr. Chapman, in the “ Annals of the British Horn. Soc.,” vol. 
ii, cured a similar case in a very nervous woman, who, for sev- 
eral years, was nightly distressed with the sensation that her 
hands and arms were enormously sivollen. She was speedily cured 
by this remedy. 
In Europe, ever since Dioscorides, the spider’s web has been 
used for ague. In this country it is used in domestic practice for AESENIATE OF ANTIMONY—AESENITE OF COFFEE. 
45 
the same disease. Old physicians used it in epilepsy, palpitation 
from hypertrophy, spasms, neuralgia, sleeplessness, etc. It was 
given in pills about the size of a small pea. 
I have never given Aranea but once, viz., when I thought it 
decidedly cabled for by Grauvogl’s indication, but I saw no benefit 
from its use. 
I use a great deal in cardiac debility, with concomitant dyspnoea, 
asthma, cough, and emaciation. It acts well in the 2X trit. given 
three times daily. 
ARSENIATE OF ANTIMONY. 
ARSENITE OF COPPER 
This heroic- remedy has always been a favorite one with me. 
Many years before it was proven by Dr. Blakey I had used it 
in many cases, and with uniformly good results. I selected it 
according to the indications afforded by the well-known provings 
of both drugs, and from the recorded cases of poisoning found in 
the standard works on toxicology. The reports of poisoning by 
sleeping in rooms which had paper colored with Scheele’s green 
upon the walls afforded me many excellent indications. 
I first used it in some severe cases of cholera which occurred in 
the years 1866 and 1867. These cases were marked by the usual 
intestinal disorder, to which was added severe and painful cramps 
in the abdomen and extremities. The alternation of Arsenicum 
and Cuprum did not prove as satisfactory as I expected, but the 
use of Cupric arsenite, in the 6* trituration, in water for chil- 
dren, and dry on the tongue in adults, generally acted promptly. 
I can recommend it in cholera infantum, spasmodic and neurcdgic 
pains in the bowels, accompanied by screams, and cramps in the 
fingers and toes, attended with great debility and threatened col- 
lapse. I have also used it with good effect in chorea, dependent 
on a profound affection of the nervous centres, and presenting 
the well-known characteristic symptoms of Cuprum, united to the 
dyscrasia which always indicates Arsenic. 
In the treatment of some anomalous disorders of the heart, 
which may be designated as cardiac chorea, it is eminently suc- 
cessful. These cardiac disorders have not until lately been suf- 46 
ARSENIATE OF IRON. 
ficiently understood. They are marked by singular aberrations in 
the rhythm of the heart’s action ; at one time the beats are very 
irregular and feeble, at another violent and irregular. The attacks 
appear in paroxysms, with intermissions, during which neither 
auscultation or percussion reveals anything abnormal in the action 
of that organ. In some cases the irregular cardiac action is 
changed to choreic movements in other parts of the body. 
In several cases of this character which have come under my 
care, the 3X trituration several times a day for weeks has succeeded 
in permanently curing a malady which is very distressing, if not 
serious. 
ARSENIATE OF IRON. 
I do not know if this remedy has been used in our school by 
any one but myself. I came to use it in this wise: I had a case 
of chorea in a pale ansemic girl. She had been dosed on the Tine, 
ferr. mur., Citrate of iron and Quinine, Fowler’s Solution, and 
other drugs; but I felt that Ferrum was indicated. Arsenic was 
also indicated, and as a matter of convenience I had prepared the 
2* trituration of the Arseniate of iron. This patient, who had 
been dosed with massive doses of both medicines without good 
effect, recovered rapidly under the use of minute doses of this 
compound drug. 
We have no provings of this drug, nor do I know that any are 
necessary. If we take the well-known effects of both as a basis 
for our indications, we shall succeed very well and avoid alterna- 
tion. There are very few drugs, if we except the bromide salts, 
which are changed by a true chemical union. I have used the 
Arseniate of iron a good deal, and its effects have rarely disap- 
pointed me. My selection has been based on the Ferrum blood- 
impoverishment, and the well-known effects of Arsenicum on the 
nervous system. 
I have never used it in any gastric or intestinal disease, because 
I have an idea that the Arsenicum alone, or the Arsenite of cop- 
per, is a better remedy for such cases. But if I had to treat cuta- 
neous diseases in which Arsenic was indicated, and the patient was 
decidedly chlorotic or anaemic, I should prescribe the Arseniate of 
iron with a great amount of confidence. AESENIATE OF QUINIA. 
47 
ARSENIATE OF QUINIA. 
This is another unproven drug, which I think ought to be used 
more than it is by our school. My experience with it in a certain 
class of malarious diseases has been quite satisfactory. While en- 
gaged in practice in a miasmatic district I frequently had to treat 
mismanaged intermittents of an obstinate character. They were 
generally of a mixed type; sometimes tertian, then quotidian, and 
often changing to a mashed form, such as periodical neuralgia and 
various obscure neuroses. To treat such cases was like chasing a 
11 will-o’-wisp ” through a dark swamp, especially if I tried to 
treat them symptomatically. In fact, I can assure you that it is 
useless to treat the symptoms of such cases, for you will have to 
change your remedy every day, and then fail to cure the disease, 
which will constantly elude you. You must strike at the root of 
the malady ; you must select the remedy for the genius of the dis- 
ease, first; afterwards characteristic symptoms may be taken into 
account. 
In the majority of these obstinate and masked intermittents 
both Arsenicum and Cinchona are indicated, and instead of using 
them in alternation I hit upon the plan of prescribing this com- 
pound or . chemical union of the two drugs. Some cases required 
the lx trituration, but rarely did I have to use it below the 2X. 
It was usually ordered in doses of one or two grains every two or 
four hours, and the patient was urged to persist in its use for sev- 
eral weeks. This plan, aided sometimes by a temporary removal 
to a non-malarious region, was generally very successful in eradi- 
cating the disorder. 
Dr. George A. Hall, and several other physicians of Chicago, 
are enthusiastic in their praises of this remedy. ITe values it very 
highly in all diseases where Arsenic and China are indicated. In 
diseases of children, characterized by chronic intestinal derange- 
ments, combined with debility from loss of fluids and poor nutrition, 
he prescribes the 3X trituration with good results. 
I have never given it higher than the 6th dilution. Pellets sat- 
urated with this attenuation often act kindly in children of sensi- 
tive nervous systems. I believe it will prove a valuable addition 
to our Materia Medica. 48 
ARSENIATE OF STRYCHNIA. 
Dr. W. IT. Plolcombe, in a clinical lecture on “Primary Chronic 
Malarial Poisoning/’ says: “ It is only by prolonged treatment 
that we can effectually cure these insidious and complicated 
chronic diseases. If the remedy now chosen fails to make an im- 
pression in a fortnight, I shall probably remind you of two others 
which I have found exceedingly valuable in these cases of chronic 
malarial poisoning. These are the Arseniate of quinine and Ar- 
seniate of iron. I use them in the first centesimal trituration, 
not the decimal, for there is too much Arsenic in them for that. I 
prefer the former when the nervous system is more deeply impli- 
cated than the organic; and the latter when the anaemia seems to 
be the preponderating element in the pathological state.” 
ARSENIATE OF STRYCHNIA, 
Several months ago the Liebig Manufacturing Company of New 
York sent me, among several new and unique drugs, a small 
quantity of the Arseniate of Strychnia, from which I had prepared 
triturations up to the 6th centesimal. 
It occurred to me that cases might occur in which both remedies 
might be so strongly indicated that I would feel justified in giving 
this combination. These powerful remedies affect the human 
organism in a very different manner. Arsenic affects profoundly 
the fluids of the body, the glandular organs, and the mucous 
system. Strychnia has as great an affinity for the nervous system, 
especially the spinal cord—the motor and trophic nerves. 
My first case was one of chronic diarrhoea in a child. The 
diarrhoea choradentes were all covered by Arsenicum. But there 
were many symptoms which called for Nux, or its alkaloid, 
Strychnia, namely, paralytic conditions of the bladder, rectum, 
and lower extremities. 
I might have given Arsenicum until its symptoms were cured, 
then followed it by Nux to cure the remainder. This would be 
following the strict Hahnemannian doctrine as taught by some of 
our school. But I doubt if Hahnemann himself would have done 
so in this case, for the condition of the patient was such as to cause 
serious anxiety, and it would not answer to lose time in treating 
him secundum artem. Therefore, I prescribed Ars. Strych. 4th, ARSENIATE OF STRYCHNIA—ARUM TRIPHYLLUM. 
49 
one grain every three hours. The result wras all that could be 
desired—a rapid recovery followed. 
This case will afford an example of the class of diseases for 
which this remedy is indicated. I cannot imagine a bigotry so 
narrow as to deprive one of using a drug because it has not been 
proven, especially when we are well acquainted with the patho- 
genetic action of its constituents, as in this case. Some of our 
remedies, which have made the best cures and have served most to 
make Homoeopathy popular, have not been proven. 
I recommend a trial of this remedy in complicated disorders, 
when the mucous, glandular, and nutritive system is deranged, and 
the nervous system is seriously implicated ; in the various forms 
of paresis, paralysis, chronic ulceration, wasting diseases, and even 
cholera, typhus, and malignant dysentery. 
AEUM TRIPHYLLUM. 
This Northern representative of a family which, in the tropics, 
attain great size and intense virulence, has been used in the dried 
state, ever since the settlement of the United States, for coughs of 
various kinds. The dry bulb is almost tasteless, the acrid volatile 
principle having escaped. The homoeopathists were the first to 
use any preparation of the fresh bulb. It is very difficult to pro- 
cure a permanent tincture of the fresh root. Alcohol does not 
preserve it. Glycerin with alcohol is some better. A distilled 
water, to which sufficient alcohol is added, may be a successful 
method of preparation. The virtues of the drug doubtless reside 
in the acrid, volatile principle, and it is probably the minute 
quantity retained in the dry bulb which gives it some of its 
curative power. 
Its sphere of action appears to include the mucous membrane of 
the mouth, fauces, larynx, and bronchi, and it probably exerts 
some disorganizing effect on the blood. It has been used success- 
fully in 
Malignant scarlatina, with “ delirium; nose discharges much 
watery, thin, ichorous fiuid, making the nose, lips, and corners of 
the mouth cracked, sore, and bleeding; excoriation of the inside 
of the mouth ; tongue red, papillae swollen and prominent; sore, 50 
ARUM TRIPHYLLUM ARUM DRACONTIUM. 
moist places in the bends of the thighs and knees; submaxillary 
glands swollen; voice hoarse; pulse 140, full; urine very abun- 
dant and pale; eruptions all over the body, with much itching and 
restlessness.” Another symptom, which is an important “ key- 
note” for this remedy, is “ the children pick the nose and lips and 
chin persistently, until they are raw and bleeding.” In a few cases 
where this symptom was very prominent the Arum has appeared 
to act promptly. In its relation to scarlet fever it is analogous to 
Arsenic, Nitric acid, Ailantus, and Phosphorus. It is used from 
the 6th to the 200th. 
Sudden hoarseness and loss of voice, in public speakers and 
others, is promptly cured by Arum. 
Tonsillitis, sudden and painful, oedema of the glottis, catarrhal 
angina, glossitis, and similar inflammatory affections of the mouth 
and throat, should be cured by this remedy. In all these diseases 
the symptoms indicating the Arum are the pricking, stinging pains 
and the sudden swelling of the tissues, as well as the subsequent 
burning, excoriating discharge. 
The British species, Arum maculatum, is nearly identical, and 
may be used for the same symptoms as the A. triphyllum. Its 
value in coughs and asthmatic affections has not been fully tested; 
further experience and provings are needed. 
AKUM DKACOMTUM. 
This drug was proven by Dr. C. P. Hart, of Wyoming, Ohio, 
and was published in the “American Homoeopathic Observer ” of 
the year 1875. Dr. Hart was forty-six years of age, and seemed 
quite susceptible to the effects of the drug, although he states that 
he “ never before had any laryngeal, bronchial, or pulmonary dis- 
orders.” This proving was not incorporated into Allen’s “ Ency- 
clopedia of Materia Medica,” because tlie first volume of that 
work was published the year before the proving was published. 
Dr. Hart’s proving of this species of Arum is an excellent one. 
It brings out some of the finer, as well as the general character- 
istics of the remedy. The Arum dracontium is the only other 
species besides the Arum triphyllum and Arum quinatum in the 
United States. All the family of Aracece possess similar acrid, ARUM DRACONTIUM. 
51 
poisonous principles, but it is one of the mysterious works of the 
Great Designer that this virulent poison is enveloped in one of the 
purest and most innocuous vehicles known, namely, arrowroot. 
Much of the arrowroot of commerce is made by separating it 
from the acrid principle in the roots of members of this family. 
It is interesting to note the resemblance in pathogenetic effect be- 
tween the various species of Araoece. The symptoms of the three 
Arums are very similar. Dr. Hart’s proving has developed also a 
marked resemblance between the Arum dracontium and Caladium 
(Arum sequinium). Both cause pruritus of the sexual organs and 
incompetency. Both cause urticaria and other eruptions, proba- 
bly neurotic, as Dr. Hart suggests. Both cause laryngitis of an 
aggravated character, and both have cured all the above condi- 
tions. 
A near relative of the Arum, the Symplocarpus (Skunk cab- 
bage), ought to be proven; also the Alisma plantago. Dr. Streeter 
uses Symploearpus in nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, and it lias 
been found useful in hysteria and chorea. 
Dr. Hart theoretically recommended it for laryngeal diseases, 
especially for those of a subacute or chronic character. He gave 
but a few clinical verifications, but they were very suggestive. 
One case was “asthmatic attacks at night, from a cold, which had 
resisted Lobelia and Tart. em. A few doses of the Arum d. lx trit. 
arrested the paroxysm.” Another case: “A child three years old; 
hoarse, croupy cough, with sore throat, rattling, laryngeal respira- 
tion, and considerable swelling of the air-passages, threatening 
suffocation. A dose of the 3* ameliorated in twenty minutes, and 
after three doses the child slept quietly till morning.” Since 
these cases were published, Dr. Hart and others, with myself, have 
frequently verified these clinical observations. Dr. Hart says it 
cured him of a “ chronic pruritus scroti of twelve years’ standing.” 
This reminds us of the action, both pathogenetic and curative, of 
Caladium. It may prove a very valuable ear remedy. 
symptomatology op arum dracontium. (Green Dragon.) 
Analogues. 
Arum triphyllum, Arum maculatum, Arum italicum, Ailantus, 
Argentum nit., Belladonna, Causticum, Carbo veg., Eryngium, 52 
ARUM DRACONTIUM. 
IJepar sulph., Iodine, Kali Inch., Nitric acid, Merc, iod., Phos- 
phorus, Phytolacca, Rhus vernix, Sticta, Sulphur, Sanguinaria, 
Spongia, Wyethia. 
Head and Neck 
Shooting pains in the left anterior inferior triangle of the neck 
near the clavicle. Head feels heavy and aches slightly in occipital 
and right parietal regions. 
Eyes. 
Aching pain over the left eye; pain transient; conjunctiva 
highly injected. Eyelids dry, stiff, and slightly agglutinated at 
their edges, which burn and smart. Heat, dryness, and smarting 
of the eyelids. 
Ears. 
At 8 A.M. shooting pains in the right ear. They are transient 
but frequent, and leave a feeling of fulness and slight aching in 
middle ear (next day changed to left ear, same symptoms except 
no shooting pains; feeling of warmth and fulness in left middle 
ear); next day is again in right ear; left ear normal. A feeling 
of warmth and fulness in the ears, sometimes in one and sometimes 
in the other; seldom in both at once ; aching pain behind right 
ear; shooting pains in the right ear, sometimes very severe; deep 
shooting pains in the right ear, occurring frequently and continu- 
ing sometimes for ten or fifteen minutes; the ear-pains are still 
more persistent; occasional shooting pains in left ear; accumula- 
tion of mucus in the left Eustachian tube. (See Throat Symptoms.) 
Nose. 
Eruption of pimples; a species of lichen on the nose. 
Mouth and Fauces. 
In five minutes felt a peculiar acrid sensation in mouth and 
throat. Disposition to swallow arising from excess of mucus in 
throat; a slight uneasiness in throat and disposition to cough; 
slight soreness of muscles of throat; excess of mucus in throat; 
loose cough with dry soreness of the throat closely simulating a 
mild attack of catarrhal angina—most marked during the act of ARUM DRACONTIUM. 
53 
deglutition. *There is a feeling of dryness and smarting in the 
throat, a feeling of rawness, with a sense of fulness, not really 
painful, but sufficiently annoying to attract constant attention. 
* Hawking; ; expectorated a quantity of thick mucus; 
produce a continual disposition to clear the throat by swallowing 
and coughing. * Throat raw and tender. 
Aphthous ulcer appeared on the tongue, and on the following 
day (seventeenth of proving) the mouth and throat became so sore 
that the proving had to be discontinued. For the week following 
was troubled with an annoying cough and rattling of mucus; 
worse at night lying down. One week later recommenced the 
proving, causing * constant rawness of the throat, constant coughing, 
with mucus in the morning; bad taste in the mouth; tongue and 
mouth coated with a foul, slimy mucus having a putnid taste. 
Expectoration consisting of thick, heavy, yellowish white pus (?); 
continuation of violent cough; rawness of throat and purulent 
expectoration. 
Rattling of mucus in the larynx at every full expiration, which 
disappears in the morning. Accumulation of mucus in throat, 
the raising of which by coughing produces a rattling of mucus in 
larynx. Excess of mucus in larynx (see Throat); increased *sore- 
ness of the larynx, and great disposition to cough. * About mid- 
night great oppression of breathing, soon passing off, leaving con- 
siderable rattling of mucus in the larynx and upper part of the 
trachea. Rattling of mucus in the larynx during expiration, but 
which ceased on rising except when the expirations were prolonged 
by voluntary effort. *Paroxysms of dyspnoea would sometimes 
occur with much aching in the chest, always associated with a con- 
siderable secretion of mucus in the larynx and trachea. Much 
rattling of mucus in the larynx and an annoying cough. Cough 
from laryngeal irritation, worse at night and when lying down. 
Expectoration of thick, heavy, yellowish-white pus from larynx in 
large quantities. Very much annoyed by the gravity and persist- 
ence of laryngeal symptoms; its influence is deepseated and per- 
manent on the larynx. (Hart.) 
Oroupy cough, with hoarseness and rawness of the throat—during 
an epidemic influenza. (Hale.) 
Larynx. 54 
ARUM DRACONTIUM. 
Stomach. 
Eructation of flatus from the stomach, tasting of the medicine. 
Pain in the bowels, caused by incarceration of flatus; escape of 
flatus from stomach and bowels; sinking feeling at the pit of the 
stomach; copious semi-liquid stool, with much flatus; bilious 
passages from the bowels, attended with aching in the abdomen 
and burning in the rectum ; twenty-four hours later, a bilious 
diarrhoea, borborygmus, and the escape of much flatus from the 
bowels. 
Urinary. 
Irresistible desire to pass urine, which is diminished in quantity, 
very high-colored, and has a burning or smarting effect on the 
urethra. (Primary.) Second day, frequent, copious emissions 
of limpid urine; inclination to urinate every hour or so during 
the day; urine increased to four or five times the normal amount; 
tenderness and slight smarting or burning of the orifice of the 
urethra, especially during micturition. (Secondary.) 
Sexual. 
During the proving a great diminution, and most of the time 
an entire absence of the sexual desire; penis flaccid and relaxed. 
This condition of generative organs continued for a long time 
afterwards. Fine shooting pains in the course of the left sper- 
matic cord. °Chronic pruritus scroti. 
Respiratory Organs. 
Retired to bed and slept well the first part of the night, but 
*awoke about midnight with great oppression of breathing, a kind 
of asthmatic attack, which, however, soon passed off. Great lan- 
guor and depression of spirits; dull, heavy aching in head and 
chest. *Paroxysms of dyspnoea would sometimes occur, with 
much aching in the chest, and always associated with a consider- 
able secretion of mucus in the larynx and trachea. 
On the nineteenth day of proving, a full dose produced a vio- 
lent asthmatic attack at night, and lighter ones on each succeeding 
night, for about a week, when they left me altogether. ARUM DRACONTIUM. 
55 
Pulse. 
80, full, hard, and somewhat jerking, which soon becomes small 
and irregular; artery seems to roll under the finger, and requires 
considerable pressure in order to be correctly counted. Later, 
the pulse becomes moderately full and more regular. The pulse 
continues full, soft, and regular. On third day after taking a 
large dose, pulse became feeble, 84—small, and somewhat irreg- 
ular. 
Heart. 
Five minutes after taking a dose the heart beat so violently as 
to shake the walls of the chest (reflex symptom—Hale), slight 
aching pain in prsecordial region and down the left arm, flushing 
of hands and face, and increased heart’s action. 
Aching along the spine, particularly between the shoulder- 
blades and the lumbar region; great weakness across the loins; 
feeling of extreme prostration. The last-mentioned symptoms 
continued to increase until the exhaustion became so great that I 
had to retire early. 
Back. 
Extremities. 
Tingling, or slight stinging sensation in the fingers, as when 
circulation is impeded ; fine tingling sensation all over the right 
hand, which is warmer and redder than the left, and appears 
somewhat swollen ; aching pain in the left forearm, left hand, and 
right humerus; tingling or slight stinging sensation in the toes, 
as when circulation is impeded; sharp, shooting pains at the sty- 
loid process of the right ulna; right hand remains somewhat red 
and swollen. Fine tingling or pricking sensation in the hands 
and feet, especially the right. Shooting pain down the right 
thigh. Fine pricking or tingling sensation in the feet and 
hands, beginning in right foot, and afterwards affecting in regular 
succession the right hand, left foot, and left hand. Occasional 
shooting pains have occurred during the same time, in the follow- 
ing order: right malar region, right external malleolus, thenar 
eminence of right thumb, left malar region ; occasional shooting 56 
ASARUM CANADENSE—ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA. 
and aching pains along the right humerus and right thumb. 
Slight aching pain in the pnecordial region and down the left 
arm. Aching pain along the outer aspect of the left foot, imme- 
diately followed by a similar pain in the corresponding part of 
left hand; shooting and aching pains in the left brachial plexus 
of nerves. Sharp shooting pains at the styloid process of right 
ulna. Preternatural heat in the palms of the hands; burning of 
the soles of the feet. 
ASARUM CANADENSE. 
This plant only differs from the Asarum Europceum in degree. 
Its effects are similar to the foreign root, but less irritating and 
potent. The same qualities, however, have been ascribed to both. 
The indigenous species has the reputation of being an “em- 
menagogue and abortivant” in domestic practice. In Europe and 
England the foreign species has the same reputation, and is even 
credited with the power of causing miscarriage. 
That the foreign plant possesses an irritant action on the uterus 
is proved by its pathogenesis and the testimony of the old physi- 
cians. Our species may have the same action, but in a minor 
degree. I have never used it but once, and then in a case of pain 
in sacrum following miscarriage. It seemed to relieve. It was 
prescribed as a substitute for the A. Europoeum. 
Theoretically I should place it as an analogue of such new reme- 
dies as Senecio and Trillium. 
ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA, 
When this remedy was mentioned in the second edition of 
“ Hew Remedies/’ I supposed it would be used and proven, but 
no clinical experience has been reported. I have tried it several 
times in gonorrhoea, on the recommendation of Dr. Hauser, but 
without good results. Dr. Fowler recommended it in amenor- 
rlioea, but no verifications have been reported. Only a systematic 
proving will show its real value as a medicine. ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA. 
57 
ASOLEPIAS SYRIAOA, (A, Oornuti.) 
This is really a potent plant, and one that ought to prove 
useful if prescribed with judgment. The proving by Dr. Cler- 
borne was a singularly careful physiological experiment for a 
member of the allopathic school to make. 
The head-symptoms were quite notable, and the following 
symptoms are especially valuable : 
(1.) “When the drug did not cause sweating or profuse urina- 
tion, it caused violent headache with vertigo, pulse quick, full, 92.” 
(2.) “A feeling as if some sharp instrument was thrust through 
from one temple to the other, with feeble pulse and cold skin.” 
(3.) “Violent headache between the eyes; a sense of constric- 
tion across the forehead.” 
I would particularly recommend it in 
Congestive headaches from suppression of sweat or urine and 
fever. Also 
Nervous headaches, which are attended by dry skin and scanty 
urine, cool skin and feeble pulse, and followed by sweating or pro- 
fuse urination. In the latter cases it may rival Ignatia, Pulsatilla, 
or Gelseminum. 
Diarrhoea, brown or yellow, with nausea and vomiting, and 
the headache above described in the second symptom. 
Constipation has been cured by the administration of 10 to 30 
drops of the tincture three times a day. 
I predict that its chief curative value will be confined to those 
cases in which the organic and inorganic solids, which should be 
eliminated by the urine, are not excreted fully. Like Colchicum 
it causes the amount of solids excreted to greatly increase (from 
565 grs. to 700 grs.), or an increase of 132 grs. in six days. This 
power would make it the best remedy in the uraemia of pregnant 
women, or for any cause; also in post-scarlatinal dropsy, when it 
would rapidly eliminate the poison of the disease, and prevent the 
unpleasant sequelte. 
Dropsy, especially when caused by renal diseases of an obstruc- 
tive character, ought to be cured as readily by Asclepias s. as by 
YOL. IX.—5 58 
ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA—ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA. 
Apocynura, and perhaps more promptly. In the provings it 
caused the urine to increase from the normal quantity of 35 ounces 
to 135 ounces in six days. This shows its immense power over 
the secretory power of the kidneys, and that it is secondarily ho- 
moeopathic to dropsy, for the secondary effect of such hyperstim- 
ulation must be an almost complete arrest of secretion and excre- 
tion. It has cured many cases of renal dropsy when given in the 
tincture and infusion. I have palliated many cases of cardiac 
dropsy by its use, and with many of my colleagues it has a high 
reputation in acute cases of anasarca from sudden check of perspi- 
ration. Since the last edition of this work was issued, clinical 
experience has verified its great value in all forms of dropsy. 
It is homoeopathic to dysmenorrhoea and threatened abortion, 
when the pains are intermittent, and pressing from the sacrum to 
the hypogastrium, with scanty flow. 
Rheumatism has been successfully treated by many physicians 
by the use of this species. Dr. Lee says it rivals Cimicifuga. Dr. 
Pattee states that in six cases of acute rheumatism it caused the 
average duration to be confined to eight days. The inflammation 
was confined to the large joints, with considerable pain and swell- 
ing. It had a remarkable effect in relieving the pain. The low- 
est dilutions will probably be found most useful. 
ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA. 
This plant, commonly called Pleurisy root, is one of the oldest 
in use, and one of the most popular of all our indigenous reme- 
dies. The popular name given to the root indicates the estima- 
tion with which it is held. The early physicians incorporated it 
into the Pharmacopoeia, and its use by eclectic practitioners is va- 
ried and extensive. Their principal use of this Asclepias is in 
disorders of the respiratory organs, and in nearly the same con- 
ditions as we use Bryonia. We have only two provings of this 
remedy, one by Dr. Savery, of France, the other by Dr. Niehol, 
of Montreal. The former I consider untrustworthy in the main, 
because only two drops of the tincture were taken, and all the 
symptoms for forty days recorded ! Dr. Niehol took every day ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA. 
59 
twenty to forty drops of the 1* dil. and 0, and got symptoms 
which were characteristic. 
I believe this Asclepias acts chiefly on the mucous surfaces, es- 
pecially those of the respiratory organs, and the serous tissues, 
especially the pleura and synovial membranes. 
It is common in the country for the people to treat pleurisy 
and pleurodynia with an infusion of the root. When sweating oc- 
curs, the pain subsides. Bronchitis is also treated successfully in 
the same manner. Our provings testify to the fact that it is ho- 
moeopathic to these atfections. 
The chest symptoms of Nichol’s provings are : 
“Cough dry and spasmodic, with constriction of the throat; 
harsh, dry cough, causing pain in the forehead and abdomen. 
“ Dull pain at base of both lungs, with a feeling of tightness. 
“Sharp pains shooting from left nipple downward. 
“Sharp, cutting pain behind the sternum,aggravated by breath- 
ing, moving the arms, singing, or loud talking. 
“Acute, darting pains in left side, shooting over to the right, 
and up to left shoulder, with tenderness of the spaces between 
the ribs. 
“The pains left the left side and attacked the right side, and 
extended to right shoulder. 
“The pains werq relieved by bending forward.” 
These symptoms give us a fair picture of a case of subacute 
pleuritis. The fever was slight (pulse 88). 
I have used it successfully in mild cases of pleurisy and inter- 
costal rheumatism, giving the 1* frequently repeated. Dr. Nichol 
had many rheumatic symptoms. The pains were stitching and 
aggravated by motion. 
The Asclepias is especially adapted to the diseases of children, 
not only the thoracic but the intestinal. It resembles Ipecac, in 
this respect. It is also useful in asthmatic complaints and catar- 
rhal atfections of old people. It is useful in the coughs and 
colds of children, in “snuffles,” in catarrhal croupy coughs, and 
suffocative catarrh. The fever attendant is not very severe, the 
skin is hot, but at the same time moist. It is indicated in those 
cases of catarrhal fever in which the intestinal mucous membrane 60 
ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA—ATROPIA. 
is affected simultaneously with the bronchial, and as having slimy, 
green alvine evacuations. 
I have prescribed it with benefit in subacute rheumatic peri- 
carditis, when there was pinching pain in the region of the heart, 
extending to left shoulder, palpitation, feeling of contraction in the 
cardiac region, tenderness over that region, fever, with hot, moist 
skin. 
Catarrhal dysentery, with rheumatic pains all over, yields read- 
ily to this medicine. I usually use the mother tincture or lx, 20 
drops in half a glass of water, a spoonful as often as seems neces- 
sary. If oftener used, instead of Bryonia, I think it would gain in 
favor with our school. 
ATROPIA, 
It may seem out of place to call this drug a new remedy, when 
Belladonna is so old, but Atropia was not used in homoeopathic 
practice until about the year 1860, or about the time the new 
remedies began to appear in our school. 
No complete provings of Atropia have been made, but the 
symptoms which have been obtained, both from provings and cases 
of poisoning, are identical with many of the symptoms of Bella- 
donna. 
Atropia cannot cause all the symptoms of Belladonna, any 
more than Quinia can cause all the symptoms belonging to China, 
for the reason that it does not contain all the medicinal forces re- 
siding in the plant. To the mere chemist, or the crude experi- 
menter, there seems nothing of value left in the plant after the 
extraction of its active principle. But they do not appreciate the 
fact that there are intangible or atomic forces in plants which do 
not reside in any alkaloid or resinoid, and will escape the subtlest 
analysis of the chemist. These medicinal forces can only be 
evolved by careful physiological provings on the healthy. 
Atropia, therefore, cannot represent the Belladonna in the 
treatment of disease, except in its own limited sphere. 
I cannot advise the use of Atropia in the febrile diseases, in 
acute or chronic exanthemata, inflammations of organs and tis- 
sues, or certain cerebral disorders, for which we have in Bella- 
donna such an admirable remedy. 61 
ATEOPIA. 
Its sphere of action appears to me to include the nervous system, 
affecting alike the nerves of sensation, motion, and the sympa- 
thetic. In functional disorders of these nerves, especially when 
hyper cesthesia and irritation obtain, Atropia will prove a valua- 
ble remedial agent. 
In neuralgia., certain acute congestions of a nervous origin, 
painful spasmodic affections, especially of the sphincters, and ner- 
vous jactitations, hypersesthesia, spinal irritation, etc., Atropia 
will often do better service than Belladonna. 
Its action is analogous to Solanum, Stramonium, Agaricus, 
and many of the analogues of Belladonna. 
I cannot accept the assertion of allopathic experimenters that 
Atropia contracts the bloodvessels of the brain and spinal cord. 
We have abundant evidence that it causes death by acute conges- 
tion of the brain. As to its action on the bloodvessels of the spinal 
cord, I am not prepared to dispute the statement of Brown-S6quard, 
who says that “ it is a powerful excitant of bloodvessels, and espe- 
cially those of the spinal cord and its membranes. In consequence 
of this influence, it diminishes the amount of blood in the vertebral 
canal, and in so doing produces a relative diminution of the vital 
properties of the spinal cord and its nerves.” 
But granted that this is its primary action in toxical doses, its 
secondary action is directly opposite. In death from poisonous 
doses, the surface of the body is pale and cold, and the internal 
organs all congested. But death must in such cases occur from 
its secondary action. Death rarely occurs from its primary action. 
In homoeopathic practice, we usually prescribe Atropia for 
symptoms similar to its secondary effects, for all the morbid con- 
ditions which I mentioned as indicating Atropia are due to such 
secondary action, or for symptoms of irritation of the motor, sensi- 
tive, and vasomotor or nutritive nerve fibres of the spinal cord, or 
of the roots of its nerves; or, in other words, in cases of conges- 
tion, meningitis, myelitis, and cerebro-spinal meningitis. 
Pain anywhere in the body is not properly a primary effect of 
Belladonna (Atropia) any more than of Opium (Morphine.) 
Contraction of the bloodvessels of the spinal cord and brain 
correspond to painlessness in the parts supplied by the nerves hav- 
ing their origin in such locations. 62 
ATROPIA. 
Atropia causes primarily such conditions, but secondarily it 
causes congestion, and even inflammation, bringing with it pain, 
spasm, hyperaesthesia, etc.,—all the consequences of irritation of 
nerve-tissue. 
In diseases of the brain I rarely find Atropia of service. If 
we use it at all, it must be used cautiously, and Belladonna is to 
be preferred in all but purely functional disturbances. 
Certain it is that in hemicrania, facial neuralgia, neuralgic 
cephalalgia, and other very painful affections of the nerves of the 
head, the 2d c. trit. of Atropia is one of our most successful 
remedies. 
In acute congestion, however, when the face is red, temples 
throbbing, eyes bloodshot, ears ringing, and wild delirium, who 
would dare to give any but the high attenuations of this drug or 
of Belladonna? 
In typhoid fever, particularly typhus-cerebralis, when nightly 
delirium, spectral illusions, wild, uncontrollable laughter, obsti- 
nate insomnia, and often furious delirium and redness of the face 
occurs, the 6th of Atropia will often dissipate the troublesome 
symptoms, due in this case to irritation of the brain from conges- 
tion. 
On the other hand, we meet with cases of advanced typhoid, 
where, with the general prostration, there is insomnia, with ram- 
bling, incoherent muttering, coma vigil, with picking at the clothes, 
very dry tongue, pale, cool face, 'etc., due to cerebral anaemia with 
irritation. Here we find Atropia' 2d c. trit. an admirable 
remedy. 
I will briefly enumerate the disorders in which Atropia has 
been found efficacious in our practice, when used in the 2d or 3d 
centesimal triturations : 
Neuralgia, especially of the head, face, and eyes. 
Gastralgia, purely neuralgic. 
Enteralgia, a neuralgia of the abdominal nerves. 
Nephralgia, neuralgic, or owing to passage of calculi. Violent, 
irresistible, and ineffectual urging to urinate, with agonizing 
tenesmus, both vesical and rectal. 
Nocturnal enuresis, from paralysis of the sphincter. 
Ovarian neuralgia, and uterine colic. ATROPIA—AURUM ARSENIOSUM. 
63 
Vaginismus, when purely spasmodic and neuralgic (internally in 
the 6X trit., and apply a cerate of gr. i to 5j of simple cerate). 
Whooping-cough, with violent paroxysms very frequent, and ex- 
pectoration of very tough mucus. 
Chorea, tetanus, and even convulsions. 
I would advise you to carefully study not only the symptoms 
I have collated in “New Remedies,” but the careful experiments 
recorded in the best allopathic works on toxicology. In Wood and 
Stille you will find most of value. 
AURUM ARSENIOSUM. 
This new salt, combining as it does two most potent remedies, 
ought to become one of our most powerful agents against many 
destructive diseases and mental disorders. 
I would recommend it for the following affections: 
Suicidal mania, accompanied with great fear of death, i. e., a 
powerful impulse to commit suicide owing to deep melancholy, but 
at the same time great fear and anxiety relating to'death. 
Chronic headaches due to syphilis, necrosis, periostitis, and ozoena, 
presenting a combination of the agonizing bone-pains of Gold with 
the intense neuralgic pains of Arsenic, especially after Iodide of 
potassa has failed. 
Cancer of the face, nose, and uterus ought to come under its 
curative sphere. Also malignant diseases of the intestinal tract. 
There is a large class of chronic diseases which seem to indicate 
both of these constituents, and we hesitate which to select. Here 
is a field for the application of this remedy. 
It is best administered in the triturations from the 3X to 6\ 
To Hr. Chrestien is due the credit of being the first to use 
a combination of Gold and Arsenic Chrestien having 
treated phthisical patients with the Chloride of gold and Arsenic 
alternately, immediately discovered the similarity of their action. 
The first applications in France were made by Hr. Massart, who 
administered the Arseniate of gold in cancer and in phthisis, and 
who had the honor of seeing his remarkable work approved by 
the Societes de Medecine of Lyons and Toulouse. 
Italian and American observations have established beyond a 64 
AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM. 
doubt that diseases, such as lupus, depending upon scrofula, are 
rapidly ameliorated and ultimately cured by the Arseniate of gold. 
The first effect of the Arseniate of gold is a rapid increase of ap- 
petite. As Harless, Biet, and Cazenave have already remarked, 
the peristaltic contractions of the stomach and intestine are ex- 
cited, and absorption occurs with greater rapidity. The Arseniate 
of gold then directly involves the nutrition of the anatomical ele- 
ments, and consequently exercises a direct effect upon the different 
varieties of anaemia and chlorosis. 
AUEI ET SODII CHLOBIDUM, 
The proving of the Chloride of Gold and Sodium by Lembke, 
in Allen’s “ Encyclopedia,” is very incomplete and unsatisfactory. 
It is the most active of all the preparations of Gold. In toxic doses 
it causes violent gastro-enteritis, accompanied by cramps, convulsive 
trembling, insomnia, priapism,, insensibility, and other serious symp- 
toms. In pathogenetic doses it causes epigastric pain, nausea, loss 
of appetite, and constipation. The constipation is peculiar, in that 
it is accompanied by an increased secretion of mucus from the in- 
testinal glands. It is, therefore, homoeopathic to constipation with 
intestinal catarrh, resembling in this respect Hydrastia. 
I have found this preparation useful in the following: 
Nervous dyspepsia, with melancholy, desire for death, a red, glazed 
tongue, pain in the stomach (left side) of a burning, drawing, press- 
ing character, after eating, with tendency to diarrhoea after eating. 
Gastric and duodenal catarrh, and in some cases of jaundice from 
catarrh of the gall-ducts, when the peculiar suicidal melancholy 
is present. 
Syphilis, after abuse of Mercury, or when, during secondary or 
tertiary stages, the bones of the nose are affected, or the throat is 
ulcerated. 
The action of Gold on the organs of generation is deepseated 
and prolonged. Its primary effect is to cause congestive irritation 
of the uterus and ovaries, resulting in subacute metritis, ovaritis, 
profuse and premature menses, habitual abortion, nymphomania, 
and even ulceration of the uterus and endo-cervicitis. It is, there- AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM—BADIAGA FLUVIATILIS. 
65 
fore, indicated in those affections in the sixth trituration and up- 
ward. 
The secondary effects of Gold are to cause atonic amenorrhcea, 
scanty and delaying menses, deficient sexual desire, sterility from 
ovarian torpor, ovarian dropsy, etc. In ray practice it has been 
successful in removing these conditions when given in the lowest 
triturations, lc to 3C. I would recommend a trial of it in cases of 
puerperal mania with sexual excitement, ovaritis, gastro-intestinal 
irritation, and suicidal impulses. 
In men Gold causes corresponding conditions, and is useful pri- 
marily (in the smallest doses) in sexual erethism from plethora, sem- 
inal emissions with vivid dreams, strong erections, etc.; and, second- 
arily, in larger doses (2* to 3X, three times a day), in decline of the 
sexual power, diurnal seminal losses or nightly emissions ivith feeble 
erections and no dreams, impotence from weak, inefficient erections, 
irritability of the sexual organs, and premature emission of semen. 
Its action is just the opposite of Bromide of potassium, and it 
is useful in minute doses when the former is indicated in large, and 
vice versa. An efficient formula for its administration is gr. j of 
the Gold to Sj aqua dest. Dose 5 drops. 
The melancholy, suicidal mania and hypochondria of Gold is 
probably due to cerebral anaemia, as the vertigo, and should be 
treated with low triturations, for they are secondary effects. Gold 
causes primarily excessive intracranial blood-pressure (hyperoemia), 
and aggravation will follow the use of any potency below the 
third. 
In some cases of dropsy froni chronic Bright's disease Muriate 
of gold will act promptly in removing the oedema, by causing 
profuse flow of urine. (See Burnett’s recent Monograph on Gold, 
Horn. Pub. Co., London, 1879.) 
BADIAGA FLUVIATILIS, 
The provings of this medicine appeared in the “ Ilahnemannian 
Monthly,” and also in Ilering’s “ Materia Medica,” but no clinical 
use of it has since been reported. I am not able, therefore, to give 
any additional information relative to its curative value. I have 
never used it myself. Many of its symptoms closely resemble those 
of the marine sponge which we use in practice. 66 
BADIAGA FLUVIATILIS—BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM. 
The head symptoms would indicate its probable value in some 
cases of headache, and “ tetterlike eruptions on the scalp.” 
It causes painfulness of the left eyeball, especially the posterior 
portion, and Dr. Bedford says he has had very good results from 
its use in “ scrofulous inflammation of the eyes, with hardening and 
induration of the Meibomian glands.” 
Hahnemann considered it an antipsoric, but never published 
any account of it. It contains Carbonate of lime, Silicea, Phos- 
phate of lime, and a trace of Alumina, which would make it an 
antipsoric in the sense Hahnemann used the word. Hering says 
of it: “ A comparison with Spongia, its nearest of kin in the ani- 
mal kingdom, will show striking similarities and remarkable dif- 
ferences.” 
He also compares it with Silicea and Clematis. Rosenstein 
considers it complementary to Sulph., Iodine, and Mercurius. This 
last writer reported a complete cure of a chronic syphilitic bubo 
with Badiaga, after Sulph., Carbo, Clemat., Sil., Iod., and Ars. had 
been given in vain. 
Among the new indigenous remedies its analogues are Phyto- 
lacca, Corydalis, and Stillingia. 
Hering thinks the Badiaga will be useful for the complaints of 
adults who had scrofulous complaints in childhood, and which 
showed again in after life. He adds that it had a reputation in 
Russia for the cure of haemorrhoids. lie thinks it follows well 
after Lachesis. 
I doubt if it will be used much, for we have many similar and 
more active remedies. It may, however, meet special cases when 
its analogues fail. 
Its heart-symptoms are peculiar, and are worthy of attention. 
EALSAMUM PERUVIARUM. 
The scientific name of this tree is Myrospermum Peruiferum ; 
the substance used is the resinous juice which exudes from the 
tree when cut. It is strange that this agent should be now nearly 
obsolete with the allopathic school, for when it was first intro- BALSAMUM PEBUVIANUM. 
67 
duced into Europe by the Spanish Jesuits it was lauded as highly 
for the cure of consumption and kindred complaints as is now the 
cod-liver oil. It remains for homoeopathy to take up these neg- 
lected medicines and make of them valuable curative agents. 
Although no systematic provings have been made of it, we 
know enough of it to assert that it is an analogue of Copaiva, Cu- 
beba, Chimaphila, Stannum, Thuja, and Uva ursi. 
Its sphere of action is upon the mucous membranes, especially 
those of the respiratory tract. Its special indication is for muco- 
purulent discharges—yellow, green, and fetid. The pathological 
condition calling for its use is doubtless torpid indolent ulceration, 
or purulent catarrh. 
For many years I have made extensive use of this balsam, and 
have seen most gratifying results in the following affections : 
Chronic, purulent, fetid anterior or posterior nasal catarrh, with 
or without ulceration. 
Coughs, with copious expectoration of thick, yellow, green, and 
fetid pus. 
This condition occurs commonly in old people, and scrofulous 
subjects, and may arise from laryngitis or bronchitis, or neglected 
catarrh of those organs. It will not cure tubercular phthisis, but 
may act as a useful palliative. 
My usual dose is the 1st or 2X dilution, or trituration of the 
crude balsam. (It seems to act best in trituration.) But I do 
not confine myself to its internal administration. The most bril- 
liant results are obtained from its inhalation by means of the 
steam atomizer. By this means the finely divided atoms come in di- 
rect contact with the diseased surface. If triturated with equal parts 
of Carbonate of magnesia and sugar, or pulverized Glycyrrhiza, 
it will mix with water, otherwise it clogs the instrument. Make 
of the lx trit., thus prepared, a solution representing in strength 
the 2X dil., and have its spray inhaled three times a day, each in- 
halation lasting for five minutes. 
Dr. Hoffman, in some French homoeopathic journal, reports as 
to his use of the balsam. He praises it highly in cases of 
Cough after pneumonia, when it is loose, thick, yellow, and fetid 
(one-tenth dil.); also in 68 
BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM—BAPTISIA TINCTORIA. 
Suppression of the accustomed expectoration in bronchial af- 
fections. (6th dil.) 
(In very large doses the Bal. Peru, lias been known to check 
copious expectoration, but with resulting fever, dry cough, and 
oppression, a primary effect of the drug.) 
Hoffman says : “ I have seen persons laboring under perfectly 
formed phthisis, and seriously affected for several years, happily 
restored by the use of the balsam.” 
I doubt if these persons had tuberculous phthisis. They may 
have had vomicae, for there are many authenticated cases of vomicce, 
with offensive expectoration, cured by this balsam. 
It formerly had a high reputation for 
Hectic fever, which it doubtless cured by removing the suppu- 
ration upon which it depended. 
Not only in purulent discharges from the bronchia is it useful, 
but I have cured cases of gastric catarrh with obstinate vomiting of 
food mixed with mucus, chronic mucous catarrh of the bowels 
(sometimes called chronic dysentery), catarrh of the bladder, and 
even obstinate leucorrhoea, uterine and vaginal, in which last dis- 
ease I advise injections of the Aqua bal. Peru., such as above 
recommended for inhalation. 
A cerate of the balsam is the best application, next to Glycerole 
de aloes, for indolent ulcers, cracked nipples, cracks in the fingers 
and palmar surfaces of the hands, or fissured and chapped lips. 
It is said that the most inveterate case of itch is cured promptly 
by one application of the pure balsam, warmed and rubbed all 
over the surface of the affected skin. 
BAPTISIA TINOTORIA. 
This indigenous plant has proved to be one of the most valua- 
ble additions to our Materia Medica. It has become an indispen- 
sable agent in the treatment of adynamic fevers and similar dis- 
orders. 
There are thirteen species in the United States, and all of them 
probably have similar medicinal action. I have used—besides 
the officinal species—the B. australis (blue-flowered), B. leuco- 
plioea (cream-colored flowers), and B. leucantha (white-flowered), 69 
BAPTISIA TINCTOEIA. 
and can see no difference in medicinal effects and but little in 
smell or taste. All the above grow in the Northern States. In 
the Southern States some very large species grow, which ought to 
be equally if not more potent. 
Although this remedy covers many grave and important mor- 
bid conditions, it has not a very wide range of action. It seems 
to affect principally the blood, impairing its integrity, the nervous 
system, which it deprives of its normal tonicity, and the mucous 
surface, which under its influence ulcerates and takes on inflam- 
matory action, with a decided tendency to unhealthy, fetid dis- 
charge. 
It was first used empirically in typhoid and typhus fever, in 
which its popularity is still very wide,and well deserved. It was 
for a time supposed that its use was called for in all stages of the 
malady, but more recent observations seem to prove that its pe- 
riod of greatest usefulness is during the premonitory and first stage 
of all fevers of an adynamic type. 
The testimony is too large and authoritative to be set aside that 
it possesses a real abortive or preventive power over such fevers, 
if given at the proper time. Numerous observations and exper- 
iments, both in England and this country, have shown conclu- 
sively that if prescribed for the following characteristic conditions 
and symptoms it will arrest the disease which, but for its influence, 
would end in the typhoid state: 
A condition of great prostration, when typhous epidemics 
abound, at any season of the year. 
General malaise, with a feeling as if one had been bruised all 
over; cannot lie on either side long because the part on which he 
is lying becomes sore; pressure on any part of the body soon 
causes soreness. 
The extremities feel too large, tremulous, with “thrilling” 
sensations in them. 
General fetid odor from the body, the breath, and all the ex- 
cretions. 
General heat, with very dry, red, or brown, parched tongue, and 
dry throat. 
Head heavy, confused, internally sore, with a feeling like that 
preceding delirium. “An illusion, as if he was several persons, 70 
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA. 
and lie tries to get himself together.” (Bell.) Stupor, incoherent 
raving. 
The Baptisia is infinitely superior to Aconite, Gelserninum, or 
Verat. viride in all fevers having a typhoid tendency, while it is 
nearly useless in the so-called “synochal” fever. The condition 
is one of erethism rather than inflammation, the pulse rarely goes 
above 100, and the skin is not as hot and dry as in true febrile 
conditions. 
The lowest dilutions, or mother tincture, have generally been 
most successful in the treatment of typhoids. I prefer the tincture 
made from the fresh root, one part to nine of alcohol, by weight. 
Ten or fifteen drops of this preparation in four ounces of water, a 
spoonful every one, two, or three hours, until a decidedly favor- 
able change occurs or the symptoms call for Bryonia, Rhus, Ar- 
senicum, Phosphoric acid, or Terebinth. 
Not only in the beginning of typhoid fever is the Baptisia in- 
dicated, but in all similar conditions, whether occurring idiopathi- 
cally or during the progress of any other disease. For example: 
If, during the progress of scarlatina, small-pox, pneumonia, bilious 
fever, dysentery, or puerperal fever, the above symptoms, charac- 
teristic of this remedy, appear, a few doses will generally dissipate 
them, and either restore the patient to convalescence or allow the 
original disease to pursue its normal course. 
Its action on the cerebro-spinal nervous system is of such a de- 
pressing character that it led me to suggest it as a probable remedy 
for “spotted fever” as far back as 1864. Recent observations of 
its good effects in cerebro-spinal meningitis, by Dr. Searle and 
others, as well as myself, have proven that in the typhoid variety 
of the disease it is nearly a specific. It is useful when a condition 
of general paralysis threatens, the excretions all become offensive, 
and the blood rapidly tends to disorganization. It may have to be 
alternated with Gelserninum, Secale, or Calabar, as it rarely suc- 
ceeds alone in averting that terrible malady. 
Taking the one symptom, “ putrid odor of the discharges, with 
dark red or ulcerated mucous membrane,” I have used it exten- 
sively in chronic sore mouth, whether mercurial or cachectic, in 
malignant, dysentery or diarrhoea, offensive leucorrhcea or lochia, 
and even offensive ulcers on the skin. I prescribe it as a topical ap- BAPTISIA TINCTORIA. 
71 
plication as well as internally. It appears to resemble, in its top- 
ical effect, Chlorate of potassa and Carbolic acid. In putrid angina 
and diphtheria it aids the action of Ars. iod., Phyto., and Merc, 
cyanate. One drachm of the tincture to four ounces of water 
makes an efficient gargle in such cases. 
One peculiar symptom indicates Baptisia in some sore throats. 
The throat may look dark purple, livid, and as if very painful, 
but it is not. Dr. Miner cured an inveterate sore throat which was 
not painful (with the 30th). 
There are two gastric symptoms of Baptisia which are worthy 
of notice, namely : 
(1.) “ Gone, empty feeling at the stomach.” 
This symptom is readily removed by Baptisia when it is the 
result of anxiety, grief, night-watching, or fasting, provided the 
breath is fetid and the tongue dry. If not, then Iguatia or Caladium 
is more appropriate. Dr. reports a case of “ dyspepsia after 
typhus,” presenting “sinking at the stomach, frequent fainting, 
brown, dry tongue,” etc., cured promptly by Baptisia. 
(2.) “ Nausea, with want of appetite, and constant desire for 
water.” 
In the beginning of fever this is often a prominent symptom, 
and may be removed, with all of its concomitants, by this remedy. 
The abdominal symptoms are not peculiar, but Dr. Hart reports 
a case which he believes to be abdominal neuralgia, which he cured 
with Baptisia. The symptoms were : “ Extreme uneasiness rather 
than pain; a sensation as of something crawling about in the ab- 
domen. The paroxysms occurred after midnight, with throbbing 
and congestion of the bowels, vomiting, purging, and great pros- 
tration. The pulse, at first accelerated, became slow, weak, and 
often imperceptible.” 
My experience with Baptisia in bowel affections leads me to es- 
teem it highly in all cases of adynamic or typhoid diarrhoea and 
dysentery, when dependent on an epidemic typhoid miasm, or the 
result of local septic conditions. If the miasm be malarial (ague 
poison) it is of small value as compared with Arsenicum, China, 
Eucalyptus, or Gelseminum. 
The evacuations indicating Baptisia are usually dark, black, or 
brown, watery, murky, slimy, bloody, and always particularly 72 
BAPTISIA TINOTOKIA. 
offensive. If, with these appearances, you find a dry tongue, fetid 
breath, sinking at the stomach, and other characteristic symptoms 
of this medicine, it will prove a prompt remedy. I prefer the 
lx or 2X dilution. 
It has rarely been recommended in diseases of the urinary and 
genital organs, but there is one condition in which it is specific, 
namely, in threatened miscarriage from mental depression, shock 
of bad news, watching and fasting, or from low fever. I have 
often prevented miscarriage by its timely use. In case of death of 
the foetus in utero, the mother often falls into a condition in which 
the “ dreadful sinking at the stomach,” fetid breath, dry, brown 
tongue, and great prostration, with or without fetid vaginal dis- 
charge, are the prominent symptoms. Here the Baptisia acts well, 
preventing blood-poisoning, and aiding Caulophyllum or Ergot in 
expelling the decaying substance. 
As an important addenda to my lecture on Baptisia I will give 
the following excellent comparisons of that drug with Rhus, Ar- 
nica, and Muriatic acid, by Dr. E. A. Farrington, of Philadel- 
phia : 
BAPTISIA. 
Anxious, certain of death. 
Delirium constant, low; thinks her head 
is scattered over the bed, and that she 
must toss about to get the pieces together. 
While answering a question, goes to 
sleep. 
Mentally restless, yet too lifeless to 
move; confused as if drunk. 
Feels as if the top of the head would fly 
off. 
Expression besotted; cheeks yellow, with 
a deep central flush. 
Teeth covered with sordes ; mouth full 
of ulcers, fetid breath, aphthae. 
Jaws rigid; pain. 
Tongue white, dry, yellow centre (early 
stages typhus). 
Tongue dry, dark red, shining, cracked, 
ulcerated ; or, dry, with a brown streak 
down the centre, edges clean, red. 
Saliva viscid, thick. 
RHUS TOX. 
Faint, timid, fear of death. 
Delirium mild, low; thinks that he is 
roaming over fields, swimming, or en- 
gaged in some other physical work. 
Answers correctly, but in a hasty man- 
ner. 
Mentally restless; slow flow of ideas; 
better moving. 
Feels as if a board were bound across 
the forehead. 
Expression listless; or anxious appear- 
ance ; cheeks dark red. 
Teeth and mouth covered with thick, 
hard, brown mucus ; vesicles. 
Jaws crack; feel stiff. 
Tongue white on one side, dry (early 
stages typhus). 
Tongue dry, hard as a board, hardened, 
dirty phlegm; or, red triangular tip, 
cracked, shows imprints of teeth. 
Saliva bloody, runs out in sleep. BAPTISIA TINCTOEIA. 
73 
BAPTISIA. 
Dry mouth, great thirst; spits out the 
liquid put into his mouth. 
TJvula long; mucus in the throat, can- 
not raise or swallow it; can only 
swallow liquids. Putrid, painless, dark 
ulcers.* 
Stool yellow, involuntary, horribly fetid ; 
sour belchings. 
Dysentery, great tenesmus with dis- 
charge of pure blood, no mucus. 
Urine alkaline, offensive, dark red. 
Cannot draw a full breath, gasping; 
tightness across the chest. 
Heart throbs audibly; seems to fill the 
chest. 
Pulse full, whether hard, slow, or quick; 
variable, threadlike. 
Cannot lie long anywhere; yet motion is 
painful. 
Must change position, the bed feels so 
hard. 
Feels as if sinking away; lies with the 
head thrown back; jaw dropped; 
sliding down in bed; puti'id breath. 
RHUS TOX. 
Dry mouth, unquenchable thirst; re- 
pugnance to either food or drink. 
Throat sore as if strained; swallow- 
ing difficult from paralyzed epiglot- 
tis, oesophagitis, cannot swallow solid 
food. 
Stool yellow, slimy, involuntary at 
night, almost no fetor; empty belch- 
ings. 
Dysentery, tenesmus, discharge of 
transparent lumps of mucus. 
Urine albuminous; involuntary at 
night. 
Difficult breathing referred to the lower 
chest and pit of stomach. 
Heart beats feebly; trembling about the 
heart. 
Pulse small, weak and quick, weak and 
small, threadlike. 
Cannot remain quiet; motion of the 
limbs improves.f 
Must change to relieve the pains in the 
limbs. 
Feels as if paralysis were coming on; 
mouth open; lies as if intoxicated ; 
involuntary stool and urine. J 
* The painlessness may decide for Baptisia not only in typhus, but in 
scarlatina, putrid sore throat, etc., when the suspicious odor and general weak- 
ness offer a dangerous reason for the absence of pain. The ability to swallow 
only liquids distinguishes it from Lach., Apis, Canth. Rhus tox. has not so 
marked a tendency towards putrid ulcers. In oesophageal spasm both can only 
swallow liquids; but with Baptisia solids simply cause gagging; with Rhus 
vomiting. 
f Rhus, in the beginning of typhus during profound weakness, has an ex- 
ceptional symptom: wants to lie still in one spot. 
| It would be prematux-e to characterize Baptisia while so imperfectly proved. 
But in general it shows a heavy besotted face; fetid breath, stool, and urine; 
dyspnoea from weakness; in the beginning, nervous restlessness. Rhus shows a 
bland expression, pale waxy skin ; hepatization of lower lobes (hence dyspnoea is 
referred to the stomach and hypochondria); in the beginning, erethism (hence 
the nose bleeds, which relieves). 
YOL. II.—6 74 
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA. 
BAPTISIA. 
Anxious, certain of death. 
Falls asleep in the midst of his answer. 
Lies with head thrown back, lower jaw 
dropped; slides down in bed. 
Vertigo, worse stooping. 
Gasping; breathing as if he could not 
draw a long breath. 
Can swallow only liquids; spits out the 
water taken. 
Stool involuntary, fetid. 
Pulse full and slow; variable. 
Nervous symptoms predominant. 
BAPTISIA. 
Goes to sleep while answering. 
Delirium; cannot sleep, because she 
must toss about to get the pieces of her 
head together. 
Soreness as if in the frontal brain ; wild 
feeling. 
Senses generally blunt; besotted, heavy 
expression. 
Dull hearing during and after typhus. 
Cheeks dark red, yellow ground. 
Aphthae putrid, dark, ulcerating; thick, 
viscid saliva. 
Tongue dry, brown down the centre; 
feels numb or scalded. 
Goneness; sinking at the stomach. 
Stool involuntary, putrid; occasional 
diarrhoea or costive (beginning). 
Urine offensive, alkaline. 
Heart-beats seem to fill the chest. 
Pulse full and slow; variable; thread- 
like. 
Slides down in bed ; lower jaw dropped ; 
putrid breath. 
ARNICA.* 
Indifference. 
Falls asleep, forgetting the words for his 
answer. 
Lies quiet, no complaints ; says he is well ; 
lower lip trembles. 
Vertigo raising the head. 
Loud, blowing inspiration and expira- 
tion in sleep. 
Pharynx seems “ lame; ” a gurgling 
noise when swallowing. 
Stool and urine involuntary. 
Pulse frequeftt, sunken. 
Stupefaction from the very beginning. 
MURIATIC ACID. 
Forgets what he has said. 
Delirium; would sleep but cannot; 
vivid hallucinations of changing im- 
ages from past to present. 
Brain feels sore, as if it was tom or had 
been beaten. 
Senses generally too acute; distant talk- 
ing gives headache. 
Dull hearing, with dryness of ears, or 
dark wax. 
Circumscribed glowing red cheeks. 
Aphthae putrif, small, bluish, deep. 
Tongue small, bluish or rattling like 
leather; heavy, as if paralyzed. 
Emptiness all over the abdomen. 
Involuntary while urinating; putrid; 
during crisis, papescent stool relieves. 
Urine acid; difficult to expel. 
Heart-beats seem to be felt in the face. 
Pulse irritated, but without energy; 
omits every third beat. 
Slides down in bed; lower jaw hanging; 
moaning. 
* Arnica has but little resemblance in the beginning of typhus; but when 
stupor and petechife appear we find in common such symptoms as: must move, 
the bed feels so hard ; brown tongue; putrid breath ; goes to sleep while answer- 
ing, stupid, heavy look, etc. BAROSMA CRENATA. 
75 
BAPTISIA. 
Scarlatina with dark, fetid ulcers in the 
throat; great prostration; petechise; 
stupor. 
Stupor resembling that of Arnica and 
Opium. 
MURIATIC ACID. 
Scarlatina with blue feet; dark bluish 
fauces; scanty eruption; sudden red 
face; petechia,; stupor. 
Stupor and nervous weakness after Rhus 
and Bry. fail. 
BAROSMA ORENATA 
It often happens that a drug suffers in reputation from the com- 
pany it keeps. So with the Buchu. It was taken up by an un- 
principled adventurer and its fair fame prostituted to the vilest 
purposes. Previously it had been quite largely and successfully 
used by the allopathic school as a remedy in abnormal discharges 
from the urinary organs. 
Its sphere of action seems to include the kidneys and mucous 
surfaces of the urinary organs principally. It has also a specific 
action on all mucous membranes, especially when brought in con- 
tact with them topically. 
We should not reject it because it lacks a proving, or because it 
has been improperly used. 
It is in chronic diseases of the urino-genital organs, when char- 
acterized by muco-purulent discharges, that the Buchu seems to act 
best. I have made some notable cures of such cases when the 
urinary deposit showed an abundance of epithelium mixed with 
pus- and mucus-corpuscles. 
“ Chronic inflammation of the pelvis of the kidneys and mu- 
cous membrane of the bladder, with copious discharge of mucus,” 
is mentioned by several authors as curative by this remedy. 
Irritable bladder, with vesical catarrh, or gravel (Lithic acid 
calculi), complicated with spasmodic stricture of the urethra or 
sphincter, has, in my practice, rapidly disappeared under the use of 
the Barosma. 
Prostatic disorders have been cured by this remedy when the 
general conditions coincided (compare Populus, Copaiva, and 
Thuja). 
Certain varieties of dropsy have been cured by Buchu, but the 
cases reported have not been characterized by any peculiar symp- 
toms. 76 
BELLIS PERENNIS—BENZOATE OF AMMONIA. 
I have cured several cases of vaginal leucorrhoea with this 
medicine, prescribing it by enema (fl. 5j to §iv) as well as inter- 
nally. 
Dr. Stille, in his “Materia Medica,” recommends it as a specific 
for “undue secretion from the mucous follicles of the urethra, the 
vesiculse seminales, or prostate, produced by excessive venery or 
self-pollution.” (I have verified this several times.) 
It seems to act best in the lowest dilutions, and in some cases a 
weak infusion cures with surprising promptness. 
BELLIS PERENNIS. 
In Dr. Thomas’s additions to “ Homoeopathic Materia Medica” 
(London, 1868) is a proving of this plant. He recommends it as 
a substitute for Arnica. He thinks it will prove a specific for boils, 
bruises, sprains, whitlows, etc., used topically and internally. We 
have a Daisy (B. integrifolia) indigenous to the United States. It 
probably has the same properties. I have had no personal expe- 
rience with either. 
BENZOATE OF AMMONIA. 
This preparation was first recommended by Dr. Todd as the best 
remedy in dropsy after scarlet fever. The symptoms indicating its 
use do not differ from those laid down by Hering and Kitchen as 
calling for Benzoic acid, namely : 
“ Very scanty, dark-red, bloody-looking urine, with strong, pun- 
gent odor, and red, thick sediment.” 
It is indicated, also, by “ scanty, dark, smoky-looking urine,” 
such as we find in albuminuria dropsy in children. 
If this kind of urine occurs in rheumatic or gouty affections, 
this drug is just as well indicated, and will promptly remove the 
disease. 
Dr. Seymour recommends it highly in gout, when the small 
joints are red and swollen, or when fluid is deposited in the joints 
of the great toe; also in cases when the Lithate of soda existed in 
the joints of the fingers (gouty concretions). 
I have had excellent success with it in rheumatism. (The Ben- 
zoate of potassa will act more satisfactorily in some cases.) BENZOATE OF LITHIA—BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM. 
77 
In that form of jaundice arising from arrest of secretion of 
bile, and not from obstruction, the Benzoates or Benzoic acid is 
often a specific, especially when the urine is similar to that above 
mentioned. 
I believe these preparations are preferable to the Benzoic acid, 
because of their ready solubility. The 1* triturations for adults, 
and 2X for children, have succeeded best in my practice. 
Dr. McAffee, of Mt. Carroll, 111., writes me he has used this 
preparation successfully in many cases of dropsy from disease of 
the liver. 
BENZOATE OF LITHIA, 
Dr. T. O. Summers says : “ In our hands Benzoate of lithia has 
often a most magical effect in diminishing the uric acid deposits, 
and increasing the free hippuric acid of the urine. It will thus 
be seen that this agent acts in a manner entirely different from the 
alkalies in the cure of uric acid deposits. Benzoate of lithia acts 
upon the urine before it leaves the blood, converting the uric acid 
which would otherwise be deposited into hippuric acid, a harmless 
agent, which passes off in solution, leaving no ill effects. The al- 
kalies do not act in this way. They dissolve the uric acid directly 
after it has left the blood. Hence, while they are clearly indicated 
in those cases in which the acidity of the urine is so great as.to pro- 
duce irritability of the bladder, or any part of the genito-urinary 
apparatus, it is clear that they cannot change the lithic acid dia- 
thesis—an end which we may hope to attain according to the ra- 
tionale of the Benzoate of lithia action.”—u Nashville Journal of 
Medicine and Surgery.” 
BEBBERIS AQUIFOLIUM. 
This unproven remedy is being used a good deal on the Pacific 
Slope, and latterly in the East. I doubt if it comes up to the ex- 
pectations of its friends. Dr. Bundy, of California, writes of it: 
“ In the introduction of this new drug to the profession I must 
say that, as a shrub, it is one of considerable beauty, and is on this 
account cultivated in our California gardens, and can be found at 
most of our florists, who find a large sale for it as a flowering 78 
BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM. 
shrub. It belongs to the natural order Berber idaceae, an order 
which, on this coast, is made up of three genera—Berberis, Vau- 
couveria, and Achlys. The genus under consideration is the Ber- 
beris. Of this genus there are four species—Berberis repens, Aqui- 
folium, Pinnata, and ISTervosa. The species Aquifolium inhabits 
the Coast Range Mountains, and is found to delight in a high alti- 
tude, being more plenty there than lower down. 
“ It was first brought to my notice by a gentleman who had been 
suffering for years from syphilis, and who, himself, was a 1 walking 
drug store,’ as he expressed it, and had made the mountains a re- 
sort that he might live through summer ; and, while there, when 
very weak and low, just able to wait upon himself, he picked some 
of the berries, ate them, relishing them because they were sour, 
and they finally acted as a cathartic, and, having been much consti- 
pated, he received immediate relief. He tasted the leaves, bark, 
and also dug the root, which he found to be an intense bitter, 
steeped it, and began to take it. In three months he found him- 
self wonderfully restored, and came home to this place (Colusa). 
He continued the use of the drug by steeping in whiskey, as he 
called it, and in eight months every vestige of the syphilis was 
gone, and he was certainly (to use a vulgar term) almost rotten 
with it, and that was his cure. Having treated him myself more 
or less fora year before he commenced its use, and being intimate 
friends, he gave the above statements regarding the remedy as he 
used it, but not until lately have I been able to obtain its botanical 
name, though I have used it months without knowing what it 
was, or I should have presented it before. Its power as an altera- 
tive is certainly marvellous, and not only as an alterative but a 
tonic also. The root is the part used, and it is extremely hard and 
tough, and of a bright, golden yellow color, an intense but pleas- 
ant bitter, and makes a very handsome preparation. As a tonic, 
and a general tonic, I know of nothing that can excel it, and I find 
it also to be an effective antiperiodic. Combining, as it does, its 
great alterative properties with its fine tonic power, its great value 
as an alterative is increased ; for where an alterative is desirable a 
tonic is always needed. Since learning of this drug’s great anti- 
syphilitic power, I prescribe but very little of the iodides, from the 
fact of this so far outdoing them in syphilis. I do not care what BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM. 
79 
the disordered state of the blood may be, requiring an alterative 
or tonic, you will find in this the power of renovation and inner- 
vation that will give perfect satisfaction, as it will bring the an- 
swer faithfully. I have just commenced its use in a case of salt 
rheum, and as the patient has only been taking it two weeks I do 
not know what the result will be, but it does renovate the system 
so thoroughly in syphilis and other blood diseases that I believe 
it will succeed in this case. I will report further in this case after 
trial. I might report very many cases of syphilis, together with 
other blood difficulties, which are ordinarily met with, that I have 
cured, and I don’t think of using much else.” 
There is considerable enthusiastic testimony for its value in 
syphilis, but unfortunately it was nearly always combined with 
Iodide of potassa, which renders such testimony very doubtful. 
The following cases of psoriasis, where it was used alone, are of 
more value: 
Case 1.—In October last a Mr. Hall, native of London, Eng- 
land, about aged thirty, and body well nourished, presented him- 
self to me with typical psoriasis diffusa, involving the entire in- 
tegument excepting that of parts of the face, hands, and feet. It 
was his second attack, and had then troubled him three or four 
months, growing gradually worse in that time. 
During his first attack some years ago, being unsuccessful with 
any treatment in Canada, where he then lived, he went to Lon- 
don, England, and under the treatment of Balmanno Squire, Sur- 
geon to the British Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, which he 
says consisted of baths, and ointments, and internal treatment, the 
composition of which he does not very well remember, he pretty 
soon got well, and so remained until the present recurrence. 
After calling on me in October last, and pending his efforts to 
get into some hospital where he could avail himself of, what I sup- 
posed to be necessary, baths and treatment, he met with Mr. Hig- 
gins, of this city, and was induced by him to try Berberis aquifo- 
lium, which he did in teaspoonful doses of the tincture four times 
a day. 
Improving remarkably in a short time, he and Mr. Higgins 80 
BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM. 
called at my office and wished me, if I felt any interest in it, to 
superintend the treatment and watch the progress. 
Struck with so much change without any external macerations 
or anointings I was glad to watch it still further. 
Soon after commencing the treatment he frequently felt a warm 
tingling sensation in the skin, and while exfoliation of scales went 
on, the production of them gradually ceased. The psoriatic 
patches left the trunk first, the head next, and next the arms. 
There are a few scales yet in front of the knees, but excepting 
those he is entirely well. The red discoloration which remained 
for some time on the trunk has lately entirely disappeared. 
I have allowed myself to report the case, not from any special 
interest that the affection possessed, but from its disappearance 
during the administration of this medicine. I exercised particu- 
lar care on every hand to ascertain if any other medication was 
had, and believe it to be the only remedy used. The patient has 
also told me, from time to time, that he made no change in diet 
or any of his habits of life. He says the medicine may have in- 
creased the action of the bowels somewhat, but not very percepti- 
bly. In conjecturing as to its modus operandi, I have thought 
sometimes that it may act upon the bowels and other emunctories, 
and from its bitter principle, as a tonic, and in that way correct 
defective elimination and mal-assimilation, upon which this affec- 
tion with many others may probably enough depend.—Dr. T. 
1ST. Reynolds, in the “ Michigan Medical News.” 
As there has been some little questioning of the authenticity of 
the above case, reported in our April issue, of the wonderful ef- 
fects of Berberis aquifolium, we took the liberty to ask for a brief 
statement from the patient, Mr. Hall. This is what he writes us: 
“Sir,—I think that I am in duty bound to bear testimony to 
the virtues of Berberis aquifolium, having received almost mirac- 
ulous benefits from it in psoriasis. I have been troubled for the 
past six or seven years, and believe there could not be found in 
Michigan a finer developed specimen than mine, being completely 
covered from head to foot with those charming incrustations. 
“ The only ill effect that I felt was my inability to work at my 
trade as a machinist. It never was irritable, but the fact of its 
being there almost drove me crazy. I went to England, and at- BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM. 
81 
tended the Royal Hospital for Skin Diseases about three months. 
The chief thing administered was Fowler’s Solution, and in about 
six months got better. Was well for about one year, when again 
it made its appearance in a worse form, and I was induced to try 
Berberis aquifolium. I had an 8-ounce bottle, and at the outset 
I experienced a tingling sensation of the skin, which lasted for 
some time, and then found the exfoliation gradually getting less 
and less. After taking the Berberis about six weeks in teaspoon- 
ful doses, four times a day, it ceased to form, and the red discol- 
oration gradually disappeared. There is only one obstinate patch, 
about the size of a 2-cent piece, on my knee, but that does not 
form any scales, and gives me no inconvenience. If you think 
proper you can publish this statement. I can produce half a dozen 
medical gentlemen that saw me before taking the Berberis, and I 
was indeed a picture of misery. I never deviated from my regu- 
lar course of diet and cannot ascribe the cure to anything else but 
Berberis.”—“ New Preparations.” 
Case 2.—On the first of November, 1877, Mr. W. D., of this 
place, called me to see his two little daughters, aged respectively 
ten and twelve years, whom I found suffering from a terrible 
eruption covering the scalp and extending downwards over the 
face and chest. I was told by the mother that, in spite of all she 
could do, the disease had existed over two years, and the mother, 
by the way, is a very neat housewife. She said she had used all 
the domestic remedies she could procure, but the disease had now 
become so bad and the odor so offensive that she was compelled 
to take them from school. To make the story short, I diagnosed 
the disease scrofula, and prescribed the following: 
R. Fluid extract berberis, 
Syrup simplex, aa, 
M. S. Teaspoonful every four hours. 
The first effect was to increase the eruption, but in four weeks 
from the time they commenced the use of the medicine the erup- 
tion had entirely disappeared, leaving the skin smooth and healthy. 
My third case was a young lady whose family had all shown 
scrofulous symptoms, some of whom had died of the disease. The 
lady referred to had been troubled with an eruption confined to 82 
BISMUTH. 
the ears and back of the head and neck of six months’ standing. 
One eight ounce bottle of Fluid extract of berberis aquifolium, 
prepared according to the above-mentioned formula, and taken in 
teaspoonful doses, effected the cure.—Dr. Mallory, Ohio. 
Dr. Buisly makes the following emphatic remarks concerning 
its use in skin diseases: 
“ If you wish to smooth the skin of a lady’s face, which has be- 
come rough and unsightly, give her Berberis and she will give 
you many a puff, together with thanks,” etc. 
If experience of our school confirms the above, by means of its 
use alone and in smaller doses, it will prove that it is an analogue 
of Phytolacca, Stillingia, Corydalis, and the Mercurial iodides, 
and Arsenic. 
BISMUTH. 
This is a very old remedy in one sense, but very new in another. 
Teste introduced it into his “ Materia Medica ” with the remark that 
it “ is very little known to homoeopathic physicians.” The same 
remark applies almost equally well now, for the great majority 
of our school rarely use it; only those who have been allopaths, 
or have gained some knowledge of its value from allopathic text- 
books. 
Bismuth is a very important remedy in its sphere of action, but 
that sphere is narrow, and confined to the nerves of the stomach 
and those organs in special sympathy with it. 
Hahnemann published a few symptoms of the Oxide of bis- 
muth in his “ Materia Medica Pura,” but they have attracted little 
attention. Teste tried to call attention to it, but he absurdly 
linked it with a group of medicines to which it has but slight re- 
semblance. His clinical observations were from allopathic ex- 
perience mainly, and his own personal experience with it was 
quite fanciful and unreliable. 
My experience with it has been large enough to warrant me in 
speaking decidedly as to its value. 
I have found it of the greatest use in painful digestion, or a 
kind of gastralgia which comes on soon after eating. The pain is 
peculiar; it is a remittent pressure, as from a stone or some heavy 
substance in the stomach. Some describe it as a crampy pain, others BISMUTH, 
83 
a griping. It differs from the gastralgia of Nux, which comes on 
later after eating; from Carbo veg., which is still later, as well as 
burning. The only medicines which closely resemble it, in the 
nature of the pain, are Dioscorea and Calabar. 
This gastralgia of Bismuth is often attended with eructations, 
tasting of undigested roast meat, frontal headache, vomiting of un- 
digested food; but these are not necessary concomitants. 
In vomiting from gastric irritation it is an excellent remedy. 
The vomiting is not attended by fever, is generally chronic, or has 
followed acute gastritis, or has been caused by irritating drugs. 
It is not useful in vomiting of sour, ropy fluids, or when inflam- 
mation is present. It will often palliate the vomiting from can- 
cer, or ulcer of the stomach; also the vomiting of pregnancy, when 
the reflex has caused local irritation of the stomach. 
Of Teste’s observations the only trustworthy one is, that Bis- 
muth is indicated in “absence of fever, nidorous (roasted-meat 
smelling) eructations, mucous or brownish, foul-smelling vomit- 
ing ; small, serous, intermittent diarrhoea, stools of a light color 
and foul odor, preceded by crampy pains at the stomach, and 
pinching in the abdomen.” 
In the diarrhoea of infants, when teething, if they have the above 
symptoms the Bismuth is a specific. If the diarrhoea occurs in 
poorly nourished adults, or feeble persons with slow digestion, it 
will act admirably. 
In headache it is an excellent remedy when it alternates with or 
is attended by the gastralgia, or when it comes on immediately 
after eating, and is relieved by vomiting of the ingesta. The pain 
is gen erally/rcmfoZ. 
In the treatment of dyspepsia or painful digestion, not compli- 
cated with any liver affection, it is almost indispensable. I have 
been very successful with it aided by Pepsin, which is peculiarly 
adapted to assist Bismuth in its curative action. I do not approve 
of those quackish combinations of “ Bismuth, Iron, Strychnine, 
and Pepsin,” with which the country is flooded. Pepsin will not 
combine properly, in solution, with any drug. It should be given 
uncombined. My plan is to give the Bismuth, if indicated, just 
before eating, and the Pepsin with the last portion of the food 84 
BISMUTH BISULPHIDE OF CAKBON. 
taken at meals, followed by the Bismuth again in half an hour, if 
the pain and distress come on. 
I usually use in all cases the first decimal trituration of thesw&- 
nitrate of bismuth, giving to adults ten to twenty grains, to chil- 
dren five or ten grains. Ido not hesitate to give the same quantity 
of the crude medicine in obstinate cases. If the preparation is 
chemically pure no aggravation can possibly accrue from its use. 
When it is given for the vomiting and diarrhoea of children, the 
same plan, namely, a dose just before nursing or taking the bottle, 
with or without the Pepsin after. 
You will find recorded in Hempel’s “Materia Medica,” also in 
Orfila “ On Poisons,” some cases of alleged poisoning from Bis- 
muth, but it is now ascertained beyond a doubt that it is only when 
Arsenic is combined with Bismuth that it has unpleasant effects. 
“Notwithstanding all the care of modern pharmacy,” says Wood, 
“ Bismuth even yet contains Arsenic, and I have seen it from this 
cause produce bloody purging.” 
You should be careful, then, that you procure a pure article. I 
do not mean to infer that the chemically pure Bismuth will not 
cause diseased conditions similar to those it will cure, for such an 
assertion would contravene our law of cure. I do say, however, 
that only its long-continued use, in large doses, could produce such 
effects by slowly deranging the gastric nerves. 
Its primary effect is, doubtless, to benumb and abolish the nor- 
mal sensitiveness of the nerves of the stomach and intestines, 
while its secondary effects would be to cure just that hypersensi- 
tiveness which results in the gastralgia, which it is so successful in 
curing. 
BISULPHIDE OF CARBON. 
This drug was once used to some extent by the allopathic school, 
and was found quite useful in many diseases, but it has gradually 
fallen into disuse, more on account of its intolerably fetid odor, 
probably, than from any deficiency of curative power. 
It was employed in obstinate rheumatic and arthritic affections, 
paralysis and cutaneous eruptions, and as a resolvent in indolent 
tumors. In the latter case a few drops were applied to the tumor 
several times a day. A Dr. Otto claims to have reduced a stran- BISULPHIDE OF CARBON. 
85 
gulated hernia by applying a few drops. The vapor was said to 
cause the disappearance of indurated lymphatic glands, also in deaf- 
ness from want of nervous energy. It was recommended to be 
rubbed on the face in neuralgia, toothache, etc. 
Workmen exposed to its fumes are affected with headache, ver- 
tigo, and overexcitement of the nervous system, as evinced by 
voluble talking, incoherent singing, immoderate laughter, or weep- 
ing. 
A long continuance of exposure causes a kind of cachexia, char- 
acterized by general weakness, loss of sexual appetite, dulness of 
sight and hearing, and loss of memory. 
It does not seem to cause any lesion of the brain (in rabbits 
killed by its fumes), but only congestion of the lungs. 
From the symptoms caused by it in workmen I would suggest 
its use, by inhalation, in some cases of hysteria. Its odor, if noth- 
ing else, would help to dissipate the peculiar abnormal condition 
of the nervous system which occurs in some of the victims of hys- 
teria. 
I have had no personal experience with this agent. It is recom- 
mended in Ilering’s pathogenesis for several ailments. He men- 
tions among the clinical cases : 
° Intoxication, to entire loss of consciousness, from drinking 
whiskey. 
I cannot recommend this to you as a good report. People 
“dead drunk” generally recover after a time, and it is doubtful 
if the medicine had anything to do with the recovery. 
Hering recommends it in “ asphyxia from alcohol or coal gas.” 
It is evident he thinks the victim would recover sooner with than 
without this remedy. 
The head symptoms are quite prominent, and it is reported to 
have cured the following kinds of headache: °“ Violent pain in 
the head, increasing until it causes confusion of mind, writh fever- 
ish attacks, cold extremities, and spasmodic (?) pulse.” 
It is recommended for facial neuralgia, and “ toothache brought 
on by warm food.” 
It causes quite severe intestinal irritation, and among the cura- 
tive symptoms you will find ° “ chronic diarrhoea, every four or 
six weeks, lasting one or two days, stools yellowish, frothy, sour- 86 
BRACH YGLOTTIS REPENS. 
smelling, fluid, with tenesmus and colic in umbilical region at 
night. It is said to cure °constipation with sour-smelling flatus.” 
Its administration to rabbits is said to cause “congestion of the 
upper lobes of the lungs, hepatization of the lower and posterior 
lobes, deposit of tubercles in the lungs, some ecchymosis, and in- 
filtration.” Tiering therefore recommends it “ in the first stages 
of tuberculosis of the lungs, before any or only slight fever has set 
in, flying, burning, and stitches in the chest, flushing of the face, 
dry cough, and difficult breathing when moving.” Also for “con- 
striction, stitching, pressing pains in the chest.” 
By referring to the provings you will see that it is recommended 
for rheumatism of the upper and lower extremities, for sciatica, 
very severe, of both the left and right thigh. The rheumatism 
seems to be attended with much “ cracking of the joints.” 
It is further recommended for “ itch, tetter, impetigo, herpes, 
and other cutaneous eruptions.” 
The dilutions may be made by adding to 10 grains of the drug 
100 drops of alcohol. It should be kept in a glass or rubber- 
stoppered bottle. I)o not try to make triturations. 
BE ACHYGLOTTIS REPENS, 
(.Puke-Puke, New Zealand.) 
The cattle which eat the leaves of the Brachyglottis repens ap- 
pear to get paralyzed in the lower extremities and fall on the hind 
quarter; after a few days they seem to sink; sometimes they recover, 
but regain their strength very slowly. The natives of New Zeal- 
and use it as a medicine to produce perspiration. 
In its effects (see provings) it certainly produces symptoms of 
albuminuria and disturbances of the urinary organs. It has been 
a very reliable remedy in Bright’s disease, and rarely failed to 
produce a satisfactory result. 
PROVING. 
lsi day, Sept. 7th.—C. F. F., 46 years old, with no illness, took, 10 a.m., 10 
drops Tincture puke-puke in water. Pulse 60, pleasant taste. Immediately 
after taking it, soreness in the stomach. One hour afterwards, pain in the right 
(,September 7th to September 25th, 1868.) BE ACHY GLOTTIS EEPENS. 
87 
knee, a soreness and throbbing sensation, pain in the back and in the right side, 
cold and chilly for 1} hours; slight soreness in the throat and soreness on the nos- 
trils exteriorly; pain in the arm—as if full, pressing pain in the forehead. 1 
p.m. Heavy pain in the occiput and forehead; isolated sore throbbing in the 
right side, back, and left side ; isolated sore throbs under the right armpit and in 
left groin ; chilly; pulse 50. Pain in the thigh by walking. 
2d day, Sept. 8th, 11 A.M.—20 drops. 12 noon. Weary pain in the upper arm, 
transitory pain in the left side of the head, weariness in the arms; faceache—left 
side, zygomatic process of the face, also lower jaw, submaxillory glands ; pressure 
and soreness in the neck of the bladder, transitory pains in the thighs, similar to 
those felt yesterday; transitory throbs in the thighs; heat in the mouth ; soreness 
in left wrist. 1 p.m. Severe pain around the loins, tingling itching in the 
cheeks and nose, with much sneezing repeatedly. Evening. Nausea, with eruc- 
tations tasting of the food taken. 
3d day, Sept. 9th, Morning.—Soreness in the groins, left groin especially; throb- 
bing pain in the left elbow, weariness in the limbs. 
4th day, Sept. 10th, 10 a.m.—40 drops. Eructations soon after taking it, flutter- 
ing in the stomach, soreness in the zygomatic process of the right side, shivering 
and chilliness immediately after taking the dose; frequent eructations of the taste 
of the medicine; excitement in the nostrils, more particularly left nostril, like 
yesterday, as if the air was too sharp. 10.30 a.m. Urine clear, but mucous 
streaks and filaments—(microscopic examination yielded numerous cells and 
epithelium); some time after voiding the urine the same soreness and pain in the 
neck of the bladder and anterior base of the penis as yesterday; sensation as if the 
urine could not he retained ; rawness of the throat. 12 noon. Toothache in right 
side, extending to the ear; irritation as if the urine could not he retained, and 
slight soreness in the urethra; specific gravity of urine passed at 11 a.m., 1008 ; 
passed urine again 12.30 p.m., specific gravity 1004; urine acid, eructations. 1.30. 
Inclination to pass urine almost constant, soreness in the groin, weariness in 
the limbs, soreness in the kidneys, pressure in the chest, nausea, eructations, 
weariness in the arms, scraping sensation in the throat, painful throbs in left 
shoulder about the region of the collar-bone, soreness in the fingers and lower 
joint of the left thumb, Aveariness in the fingers by writing. 2.30 p.m. Passed a 
great quantity of colorless urine. 9 p.m. Evacuation of the bowels with severe 
constrictive and sore pain in the arms, weakness in the legs and groin by walk- 
ing. All symptoms seem to last only three or four hours. A reaction seems to 
set in ; passed no urine all the evening and night, then passed urine the next 24 
hours 58 ounces, of specific gravity 1020, with mucous sediment. 
5th day, Sept. 11th, 11 a.m.—80 drops. The effects on the urinary organs are 
decidedly exciting. Soon after taking the dose eructations, soreness under the 
shoulders, neck, and arms; prick in the ear, pain in the forehead, urine contains 
albumen and spermatozoa. 1 p.m. Weariness and weakness in the back, region 
of the coccyx, and dull pain in the kidneys; confusion in the head ; all the morn- 
ing excited in mind; a kind of cold tightness about the scalp, weakness in the 
limbs; toothache, heat in the mouth and soreness in the tongue, pain in the neck, 
and by rocking the head from one side to the other soreness in the attachment of 
the sterno-mastoid muscle to the neck ; soreness in the right Avrist, extending up- 88 
BE ACHY GLOTTIS REPENS. 
ward; pressive pain in the left side of the forehead, soreness in the throat, weak- 
ness and soreness in the biceps and isolated thrills about the wrists; by walking 
weakness in the lower extremities, and pain like last night in the groin, left side 
particularly. No appetite; after dinner heat and itching in the nose. Passed 
urine of a dark-amber color, and containing several long threads, which by mi- 
croscopic examination indicated waxy easts ; acute stinging pains in the groins ; 
the prostration in the extremities is more prominent, isolated throbs, pain in 
the forehead (it rained heavily all the day) ; driving during the afternoon felt 
slight headache; soreness and stinging on the tongue, pain in the back, and 
weariness in the extremities; a few stinging pains in the urethra. Soon after tea 
desire to urinate, rather a pressure in the neck of the bladder and stinging in the 
glans penis. The urine has been much less in quantity to-day than yesterday. 
7 p.m. The urine specific gravity 1024, darker in color, and long threads float- 
ing in it. 9 p.m. Stool of papescent evacuation, attended with severe pain in 
the anus, pain also in the neck of the bladder; since the stool constant smarting 
and burning in the urethra and the glans penis. 10 p.m. Aching weariness in 
both arms, aching in the nape of the neck, muscles feel sore to touch, pressure 
under the sternum, the cervical muscles are sore by moving and bending the 
head, soreness in the left groin by walking, also in both calves; microscopic ex- 
amination of the urine—threads, tubes, or casts, consisting of a regular mass of 
epithelic cells adhering to each other, which, on account of their length, come 
probably from the urethra and bladder; a feeling of rawness and soreness is 
clearly perceptible, and especially in the glans penis; passed urine again and feel 
great soreness in the urethra; the dull pain in the back and region of the kid- 
neys is increasing, pain in the neck continues, soreness and rawness about the 
pharynx ; the soreness extends from the neck to the shoulder and shoulderblade, 
attended with muscular prostration; passed 48 ounces of urine in 24 hours ; ex- 
amination yielded triple phosphate, oxalate of lime, and (cystine?); during the 
night slept heavily. Was awoke very early to go to a patient; pain and great 
weakness in the limbs. 
6Ik day, Sept. 11th.—Took 80 drops. Half an hour afterwards headache; 
passed a large quantity of urine, not so painfully as yesterday, but after passing 
it desire to pass more and irritation in the neck of the bladder as if the bladder 
was not emptied ; pain in the kidneys as yesterday; flushed face and headache 
around the forehead, pain in the back, continued all the afternoon, with soreness 
and weakness in the thighs and lower extremities, also prostration in the arm; 
was obliged to void urine three times, with pain in the urethra. 3 p.m. An 
inclination for an evacuation of the bowels, which, after long sitting and pressing, 
proved ineffective. Evening. Pain and soreness in the groins, both sides, as if 
in the spermatic cords, and a thrilling sensation, by sitting, through the penis 
and testes; an acute throbbing in the right hypochondriacal region; soreness under 
the shoulderblades. 
1th day, Sept. 12th.—This morning, by walking, excessive prostration in the 
legs and soreness in the lower part of the spine; the weakness and the pain 
are more perceptible in the left thigh than in the right. The action of the drug 
influences evidently the sciatic nerve. The effect of the drug is decidedly on 
the spinal nerves; the pains are transitory, scarcely shooting, but short, sore throb- BEACHYGLOTTIS EEPENS. 
89 
bings, influencing the motor power more than the nerves of sensation. Except 
in the lumbar region of the spine, where the pain is more constant, aching and 
sore to pressure. The loss of appetite was great yesterday, but to-day a sinking 
sensation in the stomach. Although I felt a few times desire to evacuate the 
bowels, when attempting to do so no effect after long straining. 
8th day, Sept. 13th.—Was well, comparatively; could walk a distance of six 
miles. The only perceptible effect of the medicine still remaining was the sore- 
ness in the urethra, and an excoriation internally at the corners of the mouth. 
9th day, Sept. 14th.—Mixed 20 drops of the tincture in 20 spoonfuls of water. 
Took 4 spoonfuls at 12. Immediately after taking the medicine gnawing pain in 
the spine, region of the kidneys, the same isolated throbs or shootings in arms, 
dryness and rawness in the throat, severe pain in left jaw, submaxillary glands 
(of very short duration), tingling sensation In the ears. The soreness in the lower 
part of the spine, which had left me entirely, in the course of the sciatic nerve; 
throbbing in the left temple and headache, prostration and weakness in the right 
arm by writing, weakness in left arm, cracking of the joints of left arm, rigor, 
and chills. During the afternoon the symptoms subsided except weakness in the 
extremities. Urine, specific gravity 1023. 
10th day, Sept. 15th.—The sleep during the night was good ; no particular un- 
easiness during the day except constipation. 
11th day, Sept. 16th.—A very restless and sleepless night, but whether attrib- 
utable to the medicine is doubtful, having been much engaged during the day; 
the meals were irregular, and I could only take dinner late at night. However, 
after my ride this evening the severe pain in the lumbar region returned with 
great violence and is continuing. A great deal of pain in the upper arm, aching 
and severe pain in chest and back. 
12th day, Sept. VIth.—Sleep during the night good and undisturbed. Took 
4 spoonfuls of solution containing 4 drops. 10 A.M., after breakfast, pain and 
weariness in the back, headache ; very sleepy and heavy; during the day constant 
yawning. Depressed in spirit and vexed mood. 
13th day, Sept. 18th.—Since taking the medicine, from the commencement, ting- 
ling in the ear, and secretion in and from the ear increased, with which I have 
never been troubled. Very sleepy and heavy, yawning all day. 
14th day, Sept. 19th.—Healthy sleep. Took, at 10 A.M., 1 spoonful of the so- 
lution. After breakfast immediate eructations. The sense of general lassitude 
predominates. Shooting, short, isolated throbs in the arms. Sensation of pain in 
the dorsum of right foot; confusion in the head ; a degree of nausea. 11 a.m. 
One spoonful. Immediately sharp throbs in both knees at the internal and in- 
ferior attachment of the triceps; internal pain in the back returns, with great 
intensity in the lumbar region; the confusion in the head and pain in the fore- 
head worse, the same throbs as in the knees are now in the sternum ; with the 
pain in the sternum increasing nausea, pains flying about the chest and under the 
right shoulder; the headache concentrates itself more on left eye; stiffness of 
neck, as on former occasion, with pain. 12 noon. The weakness about the lower 
extremities is increasing in the same positions as before (in left leg more promi- 
nent), extending from the hip to the knee. In urinating flattening sensation in 
the bladder; pain in the neck as if I could not hold the head erect; weakness 
YOL. II.—7 90 
BRACHYGLOTTIS REPENS. 
and prostration in the arms, also right wrist; confusion of the head, great depres- 
sion of spirits, soreness in the zygomatic process, left side ; pain and soreness in 
the forehead, soreness in the neck anteriorly, sterno-mastoid process ; pain in back 
continues, 8 p.m. During the afternoon, by walking, great weariness ; when re- 
turning from my visits violent headache, pressing and throbbing about the fore- 
head, beating, throbbing, and pressing; a painful twitch about the left side of the 
face; the evacuations of the bowels were small and knotty, and unsatisfactory 
ever since taking the medicine; the form of the faeces has been like balls—some- 
times soft, as if diarrhoeic, but always required a certain amount of effort to expel 
the faeces. This evening, with the evacuation, returned the soreness in the penis, 
as experienced by former provings, and a feeling as if the bladder had not been 
emptied. The headache lasted till midnight, with great intensity; felt very 
heavy, but no inclination to sleep; reading till 2 a.m., when retired to bed. 
15th day, Sept. 20th.—Slept very heavy ; coffee for breakfast; great lassitude 
and confusion this morning; stretching in the limbs, pain running in the kid- 
neys and lower part of spine, transitory pains in the neck and left upper arm. 
At 12 noon, 20 drops in 8 spoonfuls of water, 1 spoonful of this solution; soon after 
taking the dose confusion, pain in the left side, lower maxillary ; pricking in the 
ears ; a sensation of pain gradually running down the left upper arm ; the same sen- 
sation in right arm; the pain is remaining stationary in the left arm; a slight sensa- 
tion of pain under the right axilla, extending to the sterno-mastoideus and great 
pectoral muscle. Sudden short pain right side (teeth), sudden but severe pain in the 
left temple; pain, as formerly, repeated in the left groin ; muddled confusion in the 
head increasing, light rawness in the, throat, severe aching in the lumbar region, 
nauseatic sensation in the stomach, cracking in the left shoulder. This has never 
been experienced before the proving. Greater inclination to stretch the limbs, 
and particularly the arms, as to give relief to an uneasiness between the shoulder- 
blades, evidently in the trapezius and clavicular muscles, also increased desire to 
stretch the head downward, as if the whole back would contract backwards; the 
desire for stretching the muscles and limbs is rapidly increasing in intensity; in- 
creased painful sensation in the neck. This muscular influence is proved by pain 
felt when the face is turned sideways ; colic and inclination to stool; a slight ner- 
vous rigor all over the frame. All these symptoms occurred in succession during 
the first fifteen minutes. Hands feel cold and rigor is increasing, pain in left 
jaw, headache across the forehead, pain in right forearm and upper arm, soreness 
under the submaxillary glands. The evacuation of the bowels was small and 
ineffective, although the stools were neither hard nor knotty. 1.15 p.m. A sore 
throbbing in the glans penis. This is the same kind of pain as experienced all 
throughout the proving of the drug. Pain in the ears, both sides ; chilliness) 
heat in the face and flushed; oppression in breathing, as if a deep inspiration 
would afford relief; pain in the dorsal muscles, particularly under the right 
thigh; shoulderhlade; eructations and yawning. 2 p.m. Itching of the skin; 
itching and soreness of right buttock, near the course of the anus, which is tender 
and sore as if an eruption would appear; itching of right forearm; soreness now 
felt in both interior corners of the mouth, which has relieved itself externally by 
a swelling of the lips. These are the first symptoms of the skin since the com- 
mencement of the medicine. Painful itching; burning, by walking, under the BE ACHY GLOTTIS EEPENS. 
91 
big toes; itching in the dorsum of the right foot; sensation as if the ears were 
stopped up, lasting for a short time; pain and soreness in the upper arm; severe 
sore pain in the left wrist; the same kind of pain also in the knees, not exteri- 
orly. All pains are throbbing or sore throbs ; cracking in the joints of the lower 
extremities when walking; great inclination to stretch. Was told by Mr. B. that 
the cattle and horses which eat the poison fall to the ground, as if the back was 
affected, and appear to suffer across the loins. Just now, while writing, feel a 
severe pain in the spine, first dorsal vertebra, which is painful and sore to the 
touch; pains in the calf from the knee downwards, exterior side of leg. 7.15 
p.m. About one hour after tea same kind of sore throbs in the region of the 
stomach and liver, position of the duodenum. Took 1 spoonful, containing 5 
drops. Bawness in the throat, right side, same as in the morning; pricking in 
the ears, frontal headache, nauseatic sensation in the stomach, pain of greater in- 
tensity than usual in the upper arm, near the insertion of the deltoid muscle. 
8.30 p.m. Pricking and numbness of the tongue, pain in left ear, sensation as if 
the ears are discharging, slight twitches in the left side of the face; first time 
pain in chest, left side prominently, about the region of the heart; oppressed 
breathing, deep breath seems to give relief; great fatigue in the arms; more nau- 
sea ; headache not so severe as last night; sudden pain in the spine about fourth 
to fifth dorsal vertebra, extending to right side of chest and shoulders. Passed 
48 ounces of water on the 20th. 
16th day, Sept. 21st.—The sleep was disturbed; awoke in the middle of the 
night twice and had difficulty to go to sleep again ; dreams confused and wild; 
during the night itching and burning in the nostrils, with urinating burning in 
the urethra. Two spoonfuls. Immediately afterwards pain in left lower maxil- 
lary and face; throbbing in chest, region of the heart; pain under the right arm, 
rawness of the throat, giddiness, flushed face, itching and pricking in the ears; 
pain in the neck very prominent, affecting the upper or cervical part of the tra- 
pezius muscle and the splenius, lower jaw, right side ; when moving tingling in 
right ear; again great prostration in the arms; forehead painful, and some prick- 
ing sensation in the skin of the forehead. During the afternoon when visiting 
my patients, great weakness ; at one time, while sitting, a very severe pain in the 
bladder; pains of short duration in the region of the heart; soreness rather under 
the soles of the feet. All pains and sensations are worse when at rest (like Rhus 
tox.). Stiff soreness still in the neck. I am told by people that I do not look so 
well as prior to taking the drug. Certainly I am much thinner than I was a 
fortnight ago. By sitting the lumbar pain is more intense; soreness and stiffness 
in the neck; pain is flying about, now in the hands, fingers, then in the forearm 
and feet. At the commencement of the proving the symptoms appeared to have 
the character of nervous pains, while now they are decidedly muscular. Took 
one dose late, at 12, before going to bed. 
11th day, Sept. 22d.—Sleep full of dreams, but was told that I talked in my 
sleep almost the whole night, which has never happened before, nor have I been 
subject to it. The urine passed during the 24 hours and saved amounts to 48 
ounces; that which was secreted in twice voiding may be calculated at 8 ounces 
m<*>re; the urine is of specific gravity 1020, mucous sediment, white, fiocky, more 
than any previous secretion. Bowels costive. Pains in the various parts were 92 
THE BROMIDES. 
felt all day; by walking great prostration ; in the evening a settled, lasting rheu- 
matic pain; moving, aching about the left knee, very soft diarrhoeic stool this 
evening; pain in the arm.—C. F. Fischek, M.D., Sydney, N. S. W. 
THE BROMIDES. 
The introduction of the Bromine salts into allopathic practice 
marked an era of improvement in the therapeutics of that school. 
It occurred just about the time that the influence of homoeopathy, 
acting through public opinion, obliged the relinquishment of blood- 
letting. The Bromides took the place of the lancet, and were an 
incalculable improvement upon that instrument of destruction, 
for, notwithstanding the very general abuse of these salts, they 
rarely caused notable injury to the patient, and never, I believe, 
caused death. On the contrary, they have been of vast benefit in 
the treatment of disorders of the brain and nerve-centres. The 
amelioration of one disease, epilepsy, by their use, is enough to 
give them claim to a high place in the Materia Medica of any 
school. 
Before taking up each salt I propose to make some general re- 
marks relative to their mode of action, and explain how such ac- 
tion may be made to agree with our law of cure, and how our 
school may use them as homoeopathic remedies. 
I. The primary effect of the usual medicinal doses of any of the 
Bromides is to contract all the bloodvessels, notably those of the 
brain and spinal cord. Under their primary influence all the or- 
gans sleep, or are placed in that condition of quietude which leads 
to sleep. They arrest reflex action and diminish muscular irrita- 
bility. 
II. The secondary effect of the Bromides, which may occur dur- 
ing their prolonged use, or after their suspension, is just the oppo- 
site, namely: the contracted arteries dilate, congestion occurs, 
either passive or active; sleeplessness, nervous erethism, hyperses- 
thesia of the reflex nervous system, and abnormal muscular irrita- 
bility results. 
These pathogenetic effects are those which occur when the Bro- 
mides are administered to healthy animals or men. 
Uow in choosing a homoeopathic remedy we cannot ignore, but BROMIDE OF AMMONIUM. 
93 
must take into account both actions of a drug. Herein we differ 
from the allopathic school, which, until very lately, made use of 
the primary effects of drugs only. The latter prescribes a drug 
to cause its primary action (the Bromides in fulness of the cerebral 
bloodvessels), and usually give unnecessarily large doses, wdiich 
are apt to lead to secondary symptoms. In homoeopathy we can 
prescribe the Bromides for cerebral and spinal aneemia, etc. (prim- 
ary effects), using very minute doses, and thus aid in restoring the 
normal equilibrium of the circulation. In congestion, spasm, 
erethism, etc., we can prescribe the Bromides, for the latter belong 
to their secondary effects. According to the only rational law of 
dose we give appreciable doses, but not enough to lead to an aggra- 
vation of the malady. 
The homoeopathic physician, using the Bromides according to 
these rules, becomes possessed of a class of valuable remedies, with- 
out which his success in the treatment of many severe and dan- 
gerous disorders wrnuld be greatly diminished. 
BROMIDE OF AMMONIUM. 
This is the only one of the Bromides which has been subjected 
to a physiological proving by a member of our school. Dr. Cush- 
ing has published an excellent pathogenesis, made up chiefly from 
provings upon his own person. 
Its action appears to be principally upon the brain, the cervical 
and dorsal portion of the spinal cord, the eyes and nose. 
Its action upon the brain is similar to that of all the Bromides. 
According to Brown-Sequard it is preferable to Bromide of am- 
monia “ when there is a suspicion of the existence of congestion of 
the base of the brain or of the spinal cord and its meninges.” 
In accordance with this view of its special action I have usually 
selected this salt in the treatment of the first stages of cerebro- 
spinal meningitis, basilar meningitis, and certain severe occipital 
headaches. 
It is well known that certain cerebro-spinal congestions are at- 
tended by a peculiar spasmodic cough. In such cases I consider 
this salt specifically indicated. It has not been as much used in 94 
BROMIDE OF AMMONIUM. 
epilepsy as the potash salt, but in those cases where the predomi- 
nant symptom is basilar congestion, I give it the precedence. 
In the above affections the dose must be graduated to suit the 
age and idiosyncrasies of the patient. My experience leads me to 
the belief that the maximum dose is one grain for each year up to 
twenty years. For instance, a child of three years requires in se- 
vere cases three grains, repeated every two or three hours. A strong 
man of twenty or thirty requires twenty grains every three or six 
hours, until improvement sets in. In cases of less severity half 
or one-fourth the quantity may cure. Cases may occur where we 
may select this remedy from the symptoms of its primary action, 
namely, in conditions of anaemia of the base of the brain and 
upper portion of the cord, when such anaemia is due to a dimin- 
ished calibre of its bloodvessels. 
It is evident that it would not be indicated in cerebral anaemia 
due to feebleness of the heart’s action, or a deficiency in the amount 
of blood. Such cases must be met by other remedies, as China, 
Ferrum, etc., aided by Digitalis and a bloodmaking diet. 
Hammond (“ Diseases of Nervous System ”) says: “ It cannot 
be doubted that spasm of the bloodvessels, produced through the 
sympathetic and vasomotor nerves, explains the origin and con- 
tinuance of many cases of cerebral anaemia. It is in this way that 
mental emotions act, and sometimes with such rapidity as to cause 
instant death. This spasm may be kept up for a considerable 
time, with the effect of developing the ordinary symptoms of cere- 
bral anaemia even after the emotion which originated it has long 
disappeared.” 
It is in just such cases that the Bromides are primarily homoeo- 
pathic. If the reader will consult the symptoms of these salts, he 
will find a perfect picture of brain anaemia. Especially do the 
mental symptoms point to that condition. 
The dose in such cases must be very minute. I have seen 
prompt curative action from the 3* and 6X dilution, frequently 
repeated until improvement sets in. 
The eyes are specially affected by the Bromide of ammonium. 
Dr. Cushing experienced “redness and soreness of both eyes, with 
sticking together of the lids in the morning ; the eyes were full of 
stringy mucus, the eyeballs felt unnaturally large, and pain around BliOMIDE OF AMMONIUM. 
95 
both eyes into the head; in the evening the eyelids droop, and it 
is painful and difficult to raise them.” 
Dr. Gibbs, an English surgeon, recommends it very highly in 
“strumous ophthalmia, conjunctivitis, corneitis, and leucoma.” 
Dr. Woodyatt, of Chicago, an oculist (homoeopathic), esteems it 
very highly in similar affections, and also in swelling of the edges 
of the lids and inflammation of the Meibomian glands. 
I know of no more efficient remedy in that common affection, 
catarrh of the 'posterior nares and fauces, especially when the dis- 
charge is a thick, stringy mucus. A few grains of the lx tritura- 
tion, three times a day, used persistently for a few weeks, will 
effectually remove that condition. 
It was once lauded very highly by allopathic physicians in the 
treatment of whooping-cough. It was used successfully in many 
cases, but did not cure all, and as a consequence of its failure it 
has fallen into disuse. Too much was expected of it, but to the 
homoeopathists it will prove a valuable aid in the treatment of 
that malady and many other coughs of a spasmodic character. 
The characteristic indications are : 
“Sudden, deep,spasmodic cough, causing a pain in the stomach. 
“ Cough, deep, spasmodic, severe, at intervals of a few moments, 
almost continuous for hours, especially when lying down at night, 
with sensations of tickling irritation in the larynx, sometimes 
with a distinct ivhoop.” 
The expectoration, if any, consists of a stringy, tough mucus. 
The provings of Cushing and Okie demonstrate that this Bro- 
mide is capable of causing a spasmodic cough resembling whoop- 
ing cough. Another proof that all drugs capable of curing a 
disease are capable of causing a similar one. The curative dose I 
have found to lie between the lx and 3X dilutions. 
Dr. Griffiths considers that it acts upon the uterine bloodves- 
sels as does Ergot, namely, causing contraction. He claims to 
have used it successfully in uterine haemorrhage from any cause; 
also in amenorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea from congestion (?). I 
have had no experience with it in this direction, except in dysmen- 
orrhoea; in a few cases, obstinate and obscure, it seemed to alle- 
viate the suffering. 
In the treatment of epilepsy, convulsions, and sleeplessness, this 96 
BROMIDE OF CALCIUM. 
salt is not as useful as some other Bromide. But it may be sub- 
stituted if necessary. To ward off a threatened attack of epilepsy 
or convulsions from congestion of the brain 20 grains is as small 
a dose as will prove effectual in an adult. In children the dose 
has been stated. In the obstinate sleeplessness preceding an at- 
tack of cerebro-spinal meningitis the dose (20 grains) must be 
given at bedtime, and when the house and street are quiet. 
BROMIDE OF CALCIUM. 
“This salt is said, by Dr. Hammond, to have effects which re- 
semble both Bromide of potassium and Chloral hydrate. It is 
asserted to be preferable to either when there is congestion of the 
brain with delirium and sleeplessness, or in sleeplessness alone 
with great nervous irritability.” 
This paragraph was written nearly two years ago. Since that 
time I have had frequent opportunities of testing its value, and do 
not hesitate to assert that it is the most valuable of all the Bro- 
mides in the treatment of diseases of children. 
Hahnemann rightly considered the preparations of Calcarea 
almost indispensable in the treatment of diseases of children, 
especially during the period of dentition. 
Calc, carb., Calc, phos., Calc, arseniosum, and Calc. iod. are a 
most valuable group, and if we add the Calc. brom. we have five 
medicines with which I am almost ready to assert we can treat suc- 
cessfully a large proportion of the ailments of children from birth 
to puberty. 
Given in the lower triturations, or even 1 to 10 grains of the 
crude salt, we can control the cerebral congestions and irritations 
of children, whether direct or reflex. 
The children for whom Calc. brom. is most useful are the lax- 
lymphatic, nervous, and irritable. They grow fast, but the flesh 
is not solid ; they learn to walk with difficult)7, the teeth come tar- 
dily, and are attended with gastric, intestinal, and cerebral irrita- 
tion. It is useful in the vomiting and diarrhoea as well as for the 
sleeplessness, fretfulness, and tendency to brain disease. 
My experience with this medicine has given me greater confi- 
dence in it in the incipient and first stages of cerebral diseases, in BROMIDE OP CALCIUM—BROMIDE OF CAMPHOR. 
97 
such children as I have described, than in the much-vaunted Bel- 
ladonna, Hyoscyamus, Aconite, and Bryonia. (Before I learned 
the value of Calc. brom. I had better success with Solanum and 
AEthusa than the remedies I have named.) 
But to be successful with Calc. brom. it must be used boldly. 
No danger need be feared from its use. It is not a narcotic like 
Opium and its preparations. It simply contracts the cerebral ves- 
sels, preventing congestion, and at the same time it diminishes or 
prevents the dangers of reflex irritation. 
One grain of the crude drug can be given for each year of the 
child's age) and this dose can be repeated every hour in urgent 
cases with perfect safety until the dangerous symptoms subside. 
In milder cases of erethism or irritation the lx to 3X trituration 
may be relied on. 
I have often prescribed it for children fed by the bottle or other- 
wise, by dissolving two or three grains in their regular allowance 
of food for the day. I never saw any bad effects from it, but on 
the contrary the happiest results in the general improvement of 
the physical and mental condition. 
I will here add that in thin, bilious, nervous children, with black 
hair and eyes, I have found the Bromides of soda or potassa to 
act the best. 
I hope this earnest recommendation will have the effect of in- 
ducing physicians to pay more attention to the value of this truly 
beneficent remedy. 
BROMIDE OF CAMPHOR. 
This bromide would seem to be a combination of medicines pos- 
sessing directly opposite effects. All the bromides, except the 
Bromide of quinine, cause primarily cerebral anaemia. Camphor 
causes cerebral congestion, and may cause epileptiform convulsions 
primarily. It would seem that a union of the two elements would 
counteract each other. My observations of the use of this drug 
in allopathic practice leads me to believe that the Camphor-effects 
predominate in most cases when it is given in large doses. I have 
known doses of from 6 to 10 grains cause congestion of the brain, 
with delirium and threatened convulsions. So commonly have 98 
BROMIDE OF CAMPHOR. 
these unpleasant effects resulted from such doses that allopathic 
physicians are shy of prescribing it much of late. 
Dr. Hammond, however, is quite successful with the drug, but 
he gives it in moderate doses. Its sphere of action is doubtless 
nearly that of Camphor, modified somewhat by the Bromine. It 
is primarily homoeopathic to cerebral congestion, with great ner- 
vous erethism, especially when it assumes the form of hysteria. I 
should consider it secondarily indicated in cerebral anaemia, from 
previous overstimulation, and attended by sleeplessness, cold ex- 
tremities, feeble circulation, and nervous headache. 
Dr. Hammond published several cases in which he found it use- 
ful. I condense them as illustrative of its use in his hands. 
Infantile convulsions due to irritation of teething, with the effect 
in each instance (two) of preventing the further occurrence of the 
paroxysms, which previous to its administration had been very 
frequent. Dose: in each case, one grain an hour, rubbed up in a 
little mucilage of Acacia. Three doses were sufficient in one, and 
two in the other case. The ages of the children were respectively 
15 and 18 months. 
A very obstinate case of hysteria, occurring in a young married 
lady, in the form of paroxysms of weeping and laughter alter- 
nately, with epileptiform and choreiform convulsions. Dose: four 
grains every hour. Improvement commenced after two doses 
were taken, but ten were necessary to entirely break up the attack. 
All previous seizures had lasted from five to eleven days, unin- 
fluenced by medication or moral suasion. 
Headache in women and young girls, due to mental excitement 
and excessive study. One dose of four grains was generally suf- 
ficient to cut short the attack. 
Delirium tremens, in a large man of plethoric habits. Symp- 
toms : great cerebral congestion, tremulousness, and great jactita- 
tion of the limbs ; conversation muttering and incoherent; pulse 
full and soft; no sleep for several nights. 100 grains Bromide of 
sodium did not cause sleep; 5 grains Monobromide camphor 
caused sleep within half an hour. He slept over 12 hours ; after- 
wards the same dose at night caused good sleep and relief of all 
the other symptoms. 
In this case there may have been congestion of the brain in the BROMIDE OF CAMPHOR BROMIDE OF ETHYL. 
99 
beginning, but it could not very well have been present after the 
patient had swallowed 100 grains of Bromide of soda. In fact, 
the symptoms which existed when the Camphor bromide was 
given were those of cerebral aruemia, a condition in which 5 grains 
of the drug would be likely to have a good effect. The Belgian 
physicians who first used it recommended it for delirium tremens. 
I think it will prove useful in the delirium of low typhoids, when 
anaemia of the brain and erethism are both present. 
Owing to the powerful depressing influence which both constit- 
uents of this drug have over the generative organs of both sexes, 
I predict that it will form a useful remedy in the opposite con- 
ditions of excitement and debility. It must be primarily homoeo- 
pathic to impotence, torpor, and passive spermatorrhoea, and I 
should expect it would cure such conditions when prescribed in 
the -3X or 6X triturations. It is secondarily indicated in nympho- 
mania, chordee, active spermatorrhoea, with nocturnal emissions 
and amorous dreams. Dr. Hamilton says it is far superior to any 
remedy he has ever tried in chordee. lean testify to the same, 
and I have found that two or three grains at bedtime will effec- 
tually control nocturnal chordee, emissions, and erotic dreams. 
In a case of obstinate neuralgia of the testicles and prostate gland, 
which were both indurated and enlarged, the patient having lost 
his sleep for weeks, two grains at night not only caused sleep, but 
greatly relieved the other symptoms. 
In my third edition of “New Remedies” I predicted that it 
would prove useful in cholera infantum with impending or actual 
spasms. Its use in many cases since that time has justified that 
prediction. The 2* trituration, a grain or two every half hour, 
acts very favorably in the collapse with cerebral symptoms. It 
may prove as useful in cholera morbus and cholera Asiatica. 
BROMIDE OF ETHYL. 
(A New Ancesthetic.) 
Ethyl bromide, Bromide of ethyl, or Bromethane, C2H5Br, is a 
colorless liquid, of pleasant ethereal odor, biting taste, has a spe- 
cific gravity of 1.470, boils at 41° C. (= 106° F.), and takes fire 100 
BROMIDE OF ETHYL—BROMIDE OF IRON. 
only with difficulty. It is formed during the action of Bromine 
and Phosphorus upon alcohol, or by causing Olefiant gas to come 
into contact with ITydrobromic gas, or by heating alcohol with 
Amyl bromide. It is best prepared by pouring upon 1 part of 
white or red Phosphorus, in a retort, 40 parts of alcohol of 0.840, 
adding | parts of bromine in rapid drops, distilling, washing the 
distillate with water, drying it with Calcium chloride, and rectify- 
ing it. It is but little soluble in water and is miscible with Ether 
and alcohol. When heated with water it splits into Ether, 
Ethene (Olefiant gas), Oil of wine, and Hydrobromic acid. With 
Potash it yields Ether and Potassium bromide, and with Aqueous 
ammonia it forms Hydrobromate of ethylamine. 
When inhaled it produces, according to Rabuteau, a complete 
anaesthesia, as rapidly or more so even than Chloroform. This 
has been shown by experiments upon animals. Dogs are com- 
pletely anaesthetized by inhaling it from a sponge for two to five 
minutes, and they rally from it quicker than after the administra- 
tion of Chloroform. On injecting subcutaneously a solution of 
Muriate of narceia or morphia, before anaesthetizing with Ethyl 
bromide, similar appearances are noticed as when these substances 
are administered previous to Chloroform, namely, consciousness is 
partly retained, while insensibility to pain is complete. 
Compared with Chloroform, Ethyl bromide cannot be called 
caustic, nor even irritating. It may be applied without danger, 
subcutaneously, upon mucous membranes, and even in the meatus 
of the ear. In this case it has an advantage over Chloroform and 
Ether, as the former is too irritating and the latter is too volatile. 
In doses of one to two grammes, administered to man, it does not 
interfere with the appetite, does not produce anaesthesia, but alle- 
viates pain. In whatever way it may be ingested into the organ- 
ism, it is entirely, or almost entirely, eliminated by the lungs. 
Only traces of it can be detected in the urine. 
This medicine has been recommended very highly by several 
physicians for spermatorrhoea, with anaemia, great debility, and de- 
pression of spirits. It has been used in the 2X trituration. My 
experience is limited and not very satisfactory. 
BROMIDE OF IRON, BROMIDE OF LITHIUM—BROMIDE OF NICKEL. 
101 
BROMIDE OF LITHIUM. 
Dr. S. Weir Mitchell prefers this salt to the other Bromides, in 
that it does not cause eruptions, and that its action is far more 
speedy. He gives a case of a gentleman threatened with apoplexy, 
who had had one attack and was hemiplegic. He was taken with 
numbness, vertigo, headache, and thickness of speech ; one dose of 
30 grains removed the symptoms in less than half an hour. He 
also records a case of epilepsy, when a fit occurred every morning, 
on rising. Cured by 10 grains twice a day. When the other 
Bromides lose their effect in epilepsy this salt will arrest the fits. 
It relieved a case presenting the following symptoms: after any 
prolonged mental exertion, flushed face, insomnia, and intense 
pain between the shoulders. 
If I was to prescribe any Bromide in rheumatism and gout, I 
should prefer this on account of the Lithia which it contains. 
BROMIDE OF MERCURY. 
I have used this preparation in a few cases of diphtheria, with 
great painfulness of the inner throat, white deposit, and a dusky 
redness of the fauces and tonsils. It acts very satisfactory in the 
3X trituration. Dr. Hildreth (an oculist) was enthusiastic in its 
praises in iritis and intense congestion of the tissues of the eye. 
BROMIDE OF NICKEL, 
The only mention of the preparations of Nickel in our Materia 
Medina is the pathogenesis of Niccolum carb. in the “Symptomen 
Codex,” but I am not aware that it has ever been used much by 
our school, no clinical record having come under my notice. 
By referring to the head symptoms, however, it will be seen that 
it causes a peculiar headache—a bruised aching, as if the head were 
being dashed in pieces, with heaviness, vertigo when rising, also 
tearing, stitches, hammering, boring, etc. 
These headaches resemble those of Nux, Ferrum, China, and 
Arsenicum. 
The Sulphate of nickel, which I mention in the “ Therapeutics 102 
BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
of New Remedies,” was introduced into use by Dr. J. Y. Simpson, 
of Edinburgh. Pie prescribed it successfully in periodical head- 
aches, and more lately some American physicians have found it 
successful in neuralgic headaches. I have cured periodical head- 
aches resembling the cephalalgia described in the provings of the 
Carbonate of nickel. It occurred to me that the Bromide of 
nickel, on account of its greater solubility, and the addition of the 
bromic influence, would be a better preparation than the Carbon- 
ate or Sulphate. I presented this to the profession through the 
Wisconsin State Society for trial in headaches. Until we have 
separate provings of this salt the symptomatology of the Carbon- 
ate can be used whereby to select it. I would advise the 2X or 4* 
trituration or attenuation. 
BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM, 
This was the first preparation of the Bromides which was pre- 
sented to the profession. It lias been most extensively used and 
its effects recorded with greater minuteness than any other. Of 
late, however, the Bromide of sodium, owing to its less irritating 
effects on mucous surfaces, its pleasanter taste, and some other 
qualities, is considered preferable. In fact, I think for the most 
purposes the Sodium salt may be used as a substitute for the Po- 
tassium. 
The pathogenetic and physiological action of the latter has been 
so well studied that we may safely allow it a place among our 
best proven medicines. Already it lias been prescribed success- 
fully for its direct primary effects by several physicians of our 
practice. 
No physician can read of its effect upon the mind without being 
convinced of its great power in causing abnormal conditions of 
the brain and mind. 
It is supposed that the uniform pathological condition caused 
by its direct effects in large doses is cerebral anccmia. If this con- 
dition is kept up, we have deficient nutrition. If the brain has 
been already diseased, structural or functional disease may become 
permanent—fixed by its primary or secondary action. BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
103 
The most prominent, unvarying symptoms of the brain and 
mind caused by this drug are: 
(1.) Profound melancholic, delusions, either a religious depression 
or a feeling of moral deficiency. 
(2.) Loss of memory, absent-mindedness, he forgets howto talk, 
slowness of ideas. 
(3.) Delusions of conspiracies against him. 
(4.) Illusions, as that of seeing her brother fall overboard. 
(5.) Amnesic aphasia; he could pronounce any word he was told 
to, but could not speak otherwise. 
It does not cause melancholy with belief in approaching poverty 
and want, but the contrary; a belief that “ thousands of dollars 
are sewed up in his clothing,” or that “gold was concealed in the 
lining of his coat.” 
These profound melancholic and other illusions were all caused 
by massive doses. If, therefore, this medicine is prescribed for the 
symptoms enumerated as primarily pathogenetic—e. g., mental de- 
pression from cerebral anaemia or exhaustion—it must be given in 
minute doses, 3* to 6*. 
Dr. Wesselhceft, of Boston, and myself have prescribed it suc- 
cessfully in such cases after Cimicifuga, Sulphur, and Veratrum 
failed. 
The secondary pathogenetic effects of large doses are sometimes 
quite serious. It has been observed that when doses of 40 to 60 
grains, several times a day, have been suddenly suspended, one of 
two conditions sets in: (1) a condition of cerebral irritation, (2) 
cerebral congestion. In cases of post-mortem of animals to which 
the Bromide had been given in massive doses, intense congestion 
of the brain and its meninges were found. This proves that the 
secondary action of the Bromides is to cause that condition for 
which it is given successfully. It is, therefore, homoeopathic in 
rational doses (1 to 20 grains) in cases of cerebral irritation and 
congestion. 
I have collected numerous cures of such cases and recorded 
them in “New Remedies,” 4th edition, but will here briefly enu- 
merate them, and will add that I have verified nearly all of them 
in my own practice. 
The first or irritative stage of delirium tremens is ordinarily 104 
BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
treated by 5 to 10 grains of Bromide repeated every two or three 
hours; but the face must be flushed, eyes red, pulse quick and 
hard, with delirium of active type and horrid illusions. If the 
face is cold and pale, pulse weak and thready, Digitalis is the 
proper remedy. I have found these two medicines, aided by Cimi- 
cifuga 3*, or Hyoscyamus lx, to control all cases of that fearful 
malady. 
No remedy compares in efficacy with this in the treatment of 
night terrors of children, from any cause. A few grains, according 
to the age of the child, given at bedtime, banishes these attacks at 
once, and often for a long time. If worms are present, a few doses 
of Santonin lx, during the day, is a valuable adjunct. 
Frightful imaginings in pregnant women, usually caused by an 
engorged condition of the brain, are speedily dissipated by a few 
doses. 
Somnambulism has been cured by it. 
Puerperal mania, when attended by ferocious or erotic delirium, 
is always relieved and often cured by the free administration of 
this medicine. 
Spasms and convulsions from fright, anger, and other emotional 
causes, occurring in plethoric, nervous people, or in women at the 
time of the menses. I prefer it to any other medicine. 
Epilepsy, when the attacks are attended or caused by unmistaka- 
ble congestion of the brain, are always alleviated. It has been 
asserted by our school that it never cures. I know that it has 
cured many cases of epilepsy of a recent character, and not de- 
pendent on constitutional causes. I admit that it will not cure 
congenital epilepsy, or the syphilitic, but it will modify such cases 
greatly; and it is only common humanity to give it for that pur- 
pose, even when a cure is not expected. 
I must mention one other condition of the brain and mind in 
which I have often found it useful, namely, in that condition of 
nervous irritability caused by the severe illness or death of some 
dear friend, or loss of property, or reputation. The patient is con- 
stantly fretting, will not eat, cannot sleep, is very irritable to all 
around; the pulse is quick, tongue coated, and breath fetid. In 
these cases give every hour or two a teaspoonful of a solution of BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
105 
20 or 30 grains in half a glass of water. You will be gratified 
with the result. 
In acute congestions or inflammatory diseases of the brain I con- 
fess to a great liking for this medicine. It ranks with Aconite, 
Gelseminum, Veratrum viride, and Solanum. (I regret to say 
that I have nearly always been disappointed in Belladonna and 
Glonoin.) 
In active congestion or the first stage of inflammation, before ef- 
fusion has occurred, I verily believe the Bromides, if promptly 
and properly given, will arrest the disease. I did not at one time 
believe this, but repeated failures with our best remedies prompted 
me to give this a fair trial. I had hundreds of times been mor- 
tified and angry at the failure of Aconite, Belladonna, Bryonia, 
Gelseminum, Glonoin, and Veratrum, aided by hot foot-baths 
and cold water to the head. The patients would grow worse, and 
either run into fatal cerebral disease or into the hands of allo- 
paths. I once resolved that the next case that occurred Twould 
treat boldly with some Bromide. Two severe cases soon came 
under my care—a child aged 3, and an adult woman of 30. To 
the former I gave 3 grains, and to the latter lb grains, every hour 
for four hours, when I had the satisfaction of seeing a decided im- 
provement, followed by a recovery under smaller doses and less 
often repeated. 
Since that time, unless I see very prominent characteristic in- 
dications for some other medicines, I give the Bromide (of sodi- 
um) generally, and have been perfectly satisfied with the results. 
In the reflex cerebral irritations and congestions of children 
during teething, cholera infantum, or in scarlet fever, it is almost 
specific. Also in incipient basilar meningitis, many cases of which 
I have arrested before serious disease fixed itself on the child. 
The eye and ear symptoms are important as designating local 
disorder. The amaurosis, strabismus, squinting, photophobia, 
etc., the ringing in the ears, and sensitiveness to noise, all point 
to cerebral irritation. 
It causes, and will cure, a peculiar state of the throat, in which 
the patient is choked every time he tries to drink fluids, although 
he can swallow solids with impunity. 
I have often verified Dr. Caro’s recommendation and practice 
VOL II.—8 106 
BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
in treating difficult and painful dentition of children by its local 
application. Dissolve a few grains in an ounce of milk or water, 
and bathe the gums. From being turgid, swollen, and red, they 
assume their natural color. If the salivation is difficult, it restores 
it; and the sleeplessness, jactitation, vomiting, and diarrhoea are 
all relieved. 
In the vomiting of drunkards and of pregnant women it often 
acts magically. It quiets that reflex action, whether arisingfrom 
the brain or uterus. Give a dose, say 10 grains, at night, and 
the same amount in the morning before rising. A few days’ trial 
will suffice to test its value. One of the worst cases I ever saw 
was cured by enemas of 20 grains, night and morning. 
Hysterical women often vomit their food after each meal, es- 
pecially if they are subject to exciting emotions. A few grains 
given just before eating will often prevent the recurrence of the 
vomiting. 
Several years ago one Dr. Caro, of New York, made a report 
on cholera infantum, in which he claimed to have cured one hun- 
dred and fifty-seven out of one hundred and sixty cases by the 
administration of Bromide of potassium, in doses varying from 
one-fiftieth to two grains every hour. 
This report created quite a sensation, and allopathic physicians 
all over the United States tested its value in that disease. Many 
homoeopaths, attracted by the “ glittering generalities ” of Caro, 
gave it a trial, but the results failed to verify Caro’s experience, 
and the medicine fell into disuse. 
Such is too often the case with new remedies in allopathic 
hands. How shall we explain this discrepancy ? Bromide of 
potassium does not cause this disease by its primary action, and 
its secondary action has not been sufficiently studied to show that 
cholera infantum belongs to the secondary effects. I believe, 
however, that it would appear if children were the subjects exper- 
imented upon. 
What is cholera infantum? A disease of the bowels? I be- 
lieve that true cholera infantum, that kind which comes on sud- 
denly, attended by great prostration, cold hands and feet, hot head, 
dilated pupils, rolling of the eyes and head, starts, jactitation, spasms, 
watery, very offensive stools, vomiting of all drinks, and, intense thirst, 107 
BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
is nearly always a disease of cerebral origin, or an overexcitement 
of the nervous and vascular systems. Probably Caro’s cases were 
all of that character, or nearly all. Certain it is, that when I 
meet with cases such as above described, I find one of the Bro- 
mides to be almost specific in removing those symptoms. I do 
not rely on it in all cases alone, but alternate Camphor, Veratrum 
alb., Carbolic acid, or Solarium, as the case seems to indicate. 
But in the majority of cases I rely on the Bromide alone. 
Asiatic cholera has been successfully treated by twenty-grain 
doses of Bromide every hour. Dr. Begbie says: “ In the first 
stage it arrests the vomiting, the cramps and the rice-water dis- 
charges, restores the secretion of urine ; the warmth and color re- 
turns to the previously cold and livid skin.” He suspends its use 
when reaction sets in. I have never had oppurtunity to treat 
cholera with this remeday, but from my happy experience in cer- 
tain cases of cholera infantum I should prescribe it with every 
hope of success. 
Colic in young children of a peculiar character, according to 
Sidney Ringer, is readily cured by it. I have often verified his 
recommendation. The special symptoms are: “ The walls of the 
belly are retracted and hard, while the intestines can be seen at 
one spot contracted into a hard lump, of the size of a small orange, 
and the lump can be seen to travel from one part of the belly to 
the other. These attacks are frequent and excruciating, are un- 
connected with diarrhoea or constipation, but are often associated 
with an aphthous condition of the mouth.” I have often observed 
that the attacks were periodic, coming on in the evening at a reg- 
ular hour. I give a grain or two of the 1* trituration in water 
every two hours during the interval, and every fifteen minutes 
during the attack. 
Constipation of years’standing has often been cured unexpectedly 
while giving this remedy continuously for other disorders. I 
cannot pretend to give a rationale of its curative action in such 
cases ; but the fact is worth noting. 
Some anomalous disorders of the rectum have been benefited by 
the Bromides. Dr. He!muth cured “ polypoid tumors.” I have 
relieved spasms of the sphincter ani. 
Dr. Caro records a cure of a child three days’ old who had re- 108 
BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
tention of the meconium. The infant vomited all food; no action 
of the bowels. One half grain of the lx trituration every hour 
rapidly removed these conditions. 
If this medicine was useful in no other sphere, its prompt and 
beneficent action in 
Morbid affections of the organs of generation would give it a 
high rank as a curative agent. In massive doses it causes a 
diminution, sometimes absolute, of all sexual desire and power. 
In this respect it resembles Gelseminum, Conium, Camphor, Ba- 
ryta, and Caladium ; but, unlike these drugs, it does not cause 
this impotent condition in all cases. It does, however, often give 
rise to secondary effects just the opposite. Pel vet says it causes 
contraction of the minute afferent vessels of the corpus cavernosum 
(primarily). The reaction against this contraction is, therefore, 
congestion or fulness, thence erections, etc. It is (primarily) ho- 
mceopathic to impotence, with loss of desire or power, or both, with 
or without atonic spermatorrhoea, and in such cases should be 
used in the 3d or 6th attenuation. It is (secondarily) indicated in 
satyriasis, nymphomania, erotomonia (hysterical, with spasms), 
sensual, amorous, and disgustingly lascivious dreams, nocturnal 
emissions, with erections and dreams, chordee, etc. 
I have made frequent and very successful use of it in all these 
latter conditions, giving 5 to 20 grains once, twice, or thrice a day, 
and have never seen other than good effects from its use. 
In some of the menstrual ailments it is specific, namely, when 
they are preceded or attended by epileptic spasms, catalepsy, 
headache, and congestive heat, burning and irritation of the 
genitals, nymphomania, erotic fancies, lascivious dreams, sleep- 
lessness, spasms of the uterus, pains in the ovaries, menorrhagia, 
and many disagreeable reflex symptoms. 
I have records of many cases cured promptly by giving a few 
grains daily through the mouth, and every hour or two during 
the menses. 
Ovarian disorders, such as irritation, neuralgia, swelling, and 
even tumors, have been cured by the Bromide. It has a specific 
influence on those glands, and ought to be used more in the reflex 
disorders caused by ovarian diseases. 
Enlargement of the uterus, especially that kind called by Simp- BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
109 
son “subinvolution,” or a failure to return to its normal size after 
labor or miscarriage, speedily resolves under the use of this medi- 
cine. It has even relieved the pain and diminished the size of 
fibrous tumors of the uterus. This, with the Iodide of baryta and 
Ergotin, will, I believe, prove to be the best treatment for all 
tumors. 
Among the few pathogenetic symptoms recorded by homoeo- 
pathic provers, we find “ profuse urination, with thirst, copious, 
yellowish-white, thin urine, having a peculiar fetid smell; the 
urine sometimes contains albumen.” These symptoms would ap- 
pear to indicate it in diabetes, and Begbie reports two cases of 
diabetes mellitus which he cured in six weeks by giving 20 grains 
three times a day. The symptoms were pronounced and unmis- 
takable. The inquiry may arise, Why did such large doses cure? 
When it is remembered that if a man with the ague takes 20 
grains daily of Quinine, the urine will contain the 20 grains, yet 
the man is cured of his ague (see Grauvogl), we can say the same 
of the Bromides. It is all, apparently, eliminated by the urine, 
yet the patient is cured. Maybe one grain or less would have 
cured the two cases, but if the 20 grains cured without injury, 
where is the harm ? 
Nocturnal enuresis has been cured by the Bromides. I cured 
several children of this troublesome disorder when giving them 
this medicine for “ night terrors,” which sometimes has some con- 
nection with the bladder difficulty. 
In whooping-cough it often acts as well as the Bromide of am- 
monium. 
Spasmodic croup is often relieved promptly, especially when it 
occurs suddenly in the night, and is the result of reflex irritation 
from teething or worms, rather than a catarrhal irritation. 
Dr. Snelling once treated many cases of diphtheritic angina and 
membranous croup successfully with this Bromide; but for some 
reason his use of it was not adopted extensively. 
(The Bromide of mercury will probably prove a better remedy.) 
Dr. Carson relates an obstinate case of nervous cough during 
pregnancy, threatening abortion. The cough was dry, hard, and 
incessant. No disease of lungs or throat. Opium and Belladonna 
were tried for two months uselessly. A few doses of the Bromide 110 
BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
of potassium cured. I have cured several similar cases, even 
when occurring in children ; a peculiar barking, brassy, incessant 
cough, which Kali bich. ought to have cured, but did not. 
It ought to cure in high potencies, loss of sensation in the 
glottis and larynx, but I have had no experience with it in such 
cases. * 
/Spasmodic asthma in children (asthma of Millar), according to 
Hebra and Londahl, has been cured promptly by this Bromide, 
even when suppression of urine, oedema, lividity of the body, and 
great dyspnoea had set in. 
Cardiac neuroses are often among the most obstinate and diffi- 
cult of all the maladies the physician is called upon to treat. 
Medicines which have a special affinity for the heart, such as Digi- 
talis and Cactus, exercise but little influence in these affections, 
unless the disorder has its origin in the ganglia of the heart itself. 
The majority of cardiac neuroses have their origin remote from 
that organ, namely, in some irritation or atony of the brain, spinal 
cord, liver, or reproductive organs. They are kept up by reflex 
irritation, or nerve enervation. 
The Bromides, if judiciously prescribed, will act curatively in 
that class due to irritation of a reflex character, especially when 
that irritation is in the uterus, ovaries, brain, or spinal cord. If 
the disorder is due to nerve enervation, the most useful remedies 
are Phosphorus, Zinc, Ferrum, Ignatia, Nux vomica, Lilium, etc. 
I can give no characteristic symptoms. The best guide for its 
use is in the general indications above given. All kinds of excited 
action, irregularity, palpitation, etc., when unattended by local 
lesion, come under the sphere of its usefulness. 
In sleeplessness, no medicine has been more abused. It is not 
useful in all cases. In fact there is but one pathological state in 
which it is useful, namely, an overfulness of the cerebral blood- 
vessels. When we have this condition, the Bromide, in doses of 
10 to 20 grains, restores the normal calibre of the bloodvessels, 
and sleep comes of itself, i. e., it is not forced. The remedy acts 
in a physiological (homoeopathic) manner. 
Sleeplessness from this cause may arise from various causes, 
namely, mental anxiety, excessive intellectual labor, hysteria, 
pregnancy, teething, the exanthemata, typhoid fever, erysipelas, BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM BROMIDE OF SODIUM. 
111 
and a general “nervous irritability;” also anger and various ex- 
citing emotions. 
Sleeplessness may arise from an anaemic state of the brain, and 
then demands Opium, Hyoscyamus, Ignatia, or Digitalis, aided 
by food and a low position of the head. 
The action of Bromide of potassa on the shin is quite decided 
and specific. It seems to cause, invariably, after it has been taken 
some time in large doses, (a) an eruption of small boils, in succes- 
sive crops, chiefly over the face and trunk, with troublesome itch- 
ing ; (b) a papular rash on the face, with heat and itching; (c) 
acne, chiefly on face, scalp, and shoulders, not very painful, vary- 
ing in size from a millet-seed to a large pea; (cl) pustular erup- 
tions of malignant aspect, much resembling varioloid; (e) corrod- 
ing ulcers. Nursing children have had the characteristic acne, 
from the taking of a Bromide by the mother, showing that it is 
taken up into the milk. 
It ought, therefore, to be homoeopathic to these cutaneous affec- 
tions. My clinical use of the Bromides in skin diseases has been 
confined to the treatment of acne in young people of gross habits 
of eating, in which disorder it has seemed to act beneficially in the 
3d trituration. 
I have used it successfully in the following general nervous 
affections: 'paralysis agitans, tetanus, chorea. In that condition 
known as hysterical spinal irritation, and in anomalous disorders 
of the vasomotor nerves, it is worthy a thorough trial. 
BROMIDE OF QUININE. 
Dr. Richardson, of England, introduced this medicine, and used 
it with favorable results. I have had no experience with it, but 
should I have much ague to treat, I think I should give it a fair 
trial. It ought to prove very useful, and in some respects supe- 
rior to the Sulphate. The unpleasant congestion of the head 
might be avoided, as the two constituents are antagonistic. 
BROMIDE OF SODIUM. 
I have already mentioned this salt. It is to be preferred in 
nearly all cases to the Bromide of potassium. It can be mixed 112 
BROMIDE OF ZINC BUFO. 
with the food of patients, with the milk of children, as its taste is 
almost identical with common salt. 
BROMIDE OF ZINC. 
This combination has been but little used except by its origi- 
nator, Dr. Hammond, of New York, and by Dr. Delamater, of 
Chicago, who estimate it very highly in certain cerebral affections. 
As homoeopathists we value Zincum as a great remedy in dis- 
eases of the brain and nervous system. We know that Zinc, by 
its ultimate primary action, causes and cures cerebral depression, 
anaemia, and even paralysis. It is our sheet-anchor in cases of 
senile atrophy, softening, and brain fag. It has saved thousands 
of children from the fatal effects of hydrocephalus and hydro- 
cephaloid conditions. In my opinion the Bromide will prove more 
useful than Zinc alone, for it has a quicker action and is absorbed 
more readily. 
It is but a few months since I procured this drug, but I have 
already learned to value it highly. I prescribe it for the known 
effects of both Bromine and Zinc. 
Teething children often suffer intensely from pain in the nerves 
of the head and face. These pains often throw the children into 
an exhausted condition, marked by stupor alternating with wake- 
fulness, until they are so worn out that symptoms simulating 
hydrocephalus appear. In such cases the 3d or 6th attenuations 
act promptly. 
In the brain fag of business men I prefer the Phosphide of 
zinc. But if this condition is attended by violent pain in the 
head—periodical—the Bromide is superior. 
In chronic congestion of the brain, attended by a tendency to 
dementia or melancholy, the Bromide is also useful. In some 
respects it is an analogue of Picric acid or Cimicifuga. 
BUFO. 
I have seen no reason to change the opinion I expressed in the 
third edition of “New Remedies/’ relative to the trustworthiness 
of the provings of this and other medicines of which Houat has BUFO—CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS. 
113 
given pathogeneses. It would be better for our school had they 
never seen the light. 
I have tried the Bufo in several cases of epilepsy when it 
seemed indicated, but I never saw any such brilliant results as 
have been recorded by Dr. Holcombe and others. 
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS. 
I doubt if this medicine has come up to the expectations of some 
members of our school of practice. It was heralded by the most 
fulsome laudations of its great value, not only in diseases of the 
heart, but in all other acute inflammations. I do not remember, 
however, to have seen any record of diseases other than disorders 
of the heart cured by the Cactus. 
It is my opinion, from careful observation and study of its ac- 
tion, that all the symptoms and conditions caused and cured by 
Cactus are due to its affinity for the heart, and its pathogenetic action 
thereon. 
It appears to me that its action on the heart is that of an intense 
irritant of the ganglia of that organ. It may thereby cause the 
several conditions of hypercesthesia, irritability, neuralgia, spasm, 
irregular action, and, finally, inflammation. It differs from Digi- 
talis in this, that it seems to have an action on the circular fibres 
of the muscular tissue of the heart, while Digitalis acts on all the 
muscular fibres alike. Cactus is capable of causing carditis and 
pericarditis ; Digitalis is not. Cactus resembles Bryonia, Aconite, 
and Spigelia more than it does Digitalis. In only one condition 
does it resemble Digitalis, namely, cardiac failure, and in both 
the failure is a secondary effect. 
If you will carefully study the symptomatology of Cactus, you 
will see that the mental, cerebral, ocular, aural, nasal, pharyngeal, 
gastric, hepatic, urinary, ovarian, uterine, and thoracic symptoms 
can all be traced back to a profound cardiac disturbance. 
It will be useless, therefore, for you to prescribe Cactus in dis- 
orders of the above-mentioned organs, unless the great central 
organ of circulation is at fault. 
I wish to call your attention particularly to the haemoptysis of 
Cactus. It is not indicated in spitting of blood, unless it is caused 114 
CACTUS GTtANDIFLORUS. 
by an excited action of the heart, acting on pulmonary vessels 
weakened by disease of the lung-tissue. 
In haemoptysis, with weak, small pulse, it is not indicated ; but 
if the heart’s action is hard, tumultuous, and the pulse similar, 
then Cactus will arrest it. The blood must be bright and fluid 
(arterial). 
It is recommended in pneumonia and pleuritis, but has not at- 
tained any popularity in those diseases. In the few cases reported 
the pulse was hard, vibrating, 120. I suspect, in all cases when 
it is useful, some cardiac inflammation or abnormal excitement 
must be present, as a complication, or as a cause. 
The bronchitis and asthma. in which it is indicated is, without 
doubt, always a cardiac complication. 
The characteristic symptom of Cactus heart-trouble is “a sensa- 
tion as if the heart was constricted as by an iron band.” This sen- 
sation is very distressing, and whenever felt is a pretty sure 
indication for this remedy, or for Iberis, Arnica, and sometimes 
Digitalis, but in a less degree. 
Valvular diseases of the heart may be palliated by Cactus in a 
large proportion of cases, unless the disorganization is too far ad- 
vanced, when Digitalis will be of greater service. 
Hypertrophy with enlargement is more under the control of Cac- 
tus than is hypertrophy with dilatation, which is just the reverse 
of Digitalis, Iberis, or Lycopus. 
For the numerous cases cured or relieved by Cactus, see the 
extended collection made in the fourth edition of “Symptoma- 
tology of New Remedies,” which I copy. 
* Sensation of constriction in the heart, as if an iron band pre- 
vented its normal movement. 
* Palpitation of the heart, continues day and night, worse when 
walking, and at night when lying on left side. 
° Functional disorder of the heart from mental emotion, aggra- 
vated at the menstrual period. 
° Angina pectoris. 
0 Palpitation, acute and chronic, even in organic diseases of the 
heart. 
° Acute inflammatory affections of the heart, idiopathic, and 
even from rheumatism. 115 
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS. 
° Acute carditis, with'blueness of the face; oppression of breath- 
ing; dry cough; pricking pain in the head; cannot lie on the left 
side; pulse quick, throbbing, tense, and hard. 
° Chronic carditis, with oederaatous and cyanotic face, suffocating 
respiration, continued dull pain in the heart, dropsical effusion 
throughout the body; cannot drink or speak; hands and feet 
cold, pulse intermittent. 
° Hypertrophy with dilatation ; patient is pulseless, extremely 
exhausted, panting, and sad; cannot lie down or speak; has 
scarcely slept for fifteen days; forgetful; feet cedematous. (Is 
soon relieved, lies down, and sleeps twelve hours.) 
0 Organic diseases of the heart; valvular diseases (an invalua- 
ble palliative for many distressing symptoms). 
0 Heart disease, with oedema of left hand only (no other rem- 
edy has this symptom). 
° A constant fluttering sensation in the stomach over the location 
of the coeliac axis, in a spot about the size of a dollar; a burning 
line extends down from it to the lower ribs on either side; a hot 
flash shoots downwards frequently (cured by a few doses). 
° Rheumatic inflammation of the heart with severe pain in the 
apex of the heart, and pain shooting down the left arm to the ends 
of the fingers; dyspnoea, pulse feeble, 120, etc. 
° Palpitation of the heart from any exertion, with excessive 
pain over the left side between the scapulse and sacral region. 
° A whizzing to-and-fro sound, or bruit de soufflet. 
° Endocardial bruit, increased prsecordial dulness, excessive im- 
pulse of the heart’s action, and evident enlargement of the right 
ventricle. 
° Great iregularity of the heart’s action—intermittent at times 
and of varying character—great frequency of action alternating 
with slowness. (Enlargement of left ventricle, with great irrita- 
tion of the cardiac nerves.—Sandford.) 
° Irregularity of the heart’s action, from reflex irritation. 
° Palpitation, with vertigo, dyspnoea, loss of consciousness. 
Indications for Cactus in cerebro-spinal meningitis: 
Melancholic and hypochondriac mood. 
Vertigo from congestion to the head. 116 
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS—CALABAR BEAN. 
Heavy pains, like a weight on the vertex, worse from sounds, 
even talking. 
Pulsative pains in the temples, intolerable at night. Dimness 
of sight, circles of red light before the eyes. 
Pulsations and buzzing in the ears. 
Contraction in the throat and oesophagus, preventing swallowing. 
Oppression on the chest, like a great weight, or as if the chest 
were compressed, with fainting, cold perspiration, and loss of 
pulse. 
Sensation of constriction around the heart, as if an iron band 
was around it. 
Very acute pain, and such fearful stitches in the heart as to 
cause him to cry aloud, with distressing palpitation, faintness, 
dyspnoea, etc. 
(Pains everywhere—head, arms, legs, back, chest, heart; dart- 
ing, springing like chain-lightning, terminating with a sharp, vise- 
like grip, only to commence again a moment afterward, with rest- 
lessness and groaning.) 
This last symptom is a curative one, observed by Dr. Lilienthal, 
and doubtless would be found pathogenetic in a full proving. 
This sense of constriction seems to affect all portions of the body. 
Dr. Farrington writes me that “a very intelligent lady, who for 
years has used homoeopathy, took many doses of Cactus30. She 
complained of irresistible inclinations to cry. She felt as if her 
whole body was in a wire cage, and that each several wire was being 
twisted tighter and tighter.” 
Dr. F. also sends me a case of rheumatism of the diaphragm, 
cured by Cactus 30th and 200th. The symptoms were “constric- 
tion around the lower part of the chest as from a cord, the con- 
striction marking the periphery of the diaphragm; jerking 
breathing; sharp pains shooting through the body, towards the 
back and upwards into the chest, with sensation of rush of blood 
to the chest.” The C. Bonplanti and another species have lately 
been used successfully in place of C. grand. 
CALABAR BEAN, 
This powerful and unique medieine has not been sufficiently 
proven by our school to enable us to arrive at any definite conclu- CALABAR BEAN. 
117 
sion as to its special symptomatic indications. There are certain 
pathological conditions which it has been known to cause, and 
these afford 11s trustworthy data for its use in some peculiar cases. 
According to the best observers of its effects in large and poison- 
ous doses, its operation is spinal, not cerebral ; it acts on the an- 
terior or motor column, so as to suspend or deaden its energy, or 
reduce the activity of its functions. The powerless parts are those 
which receive their nervous supply from the spinal cord and its 
nerves. The muscles of the extremities and of respiration are 
most enfeebled ; the paralysis is primary and always seated in the 
shaped muscles; there is no failure of volition ; the will is strong, 
but a difficulty lies in the way of carrying out its purpose. The 
paralysis is commonly preceded by twitching or trembling of the 
muscles (in animals convulsions). 
In rare cases the unstriped muscles and brain are involved (sec- 
ondarily). 
Death occurs from paralysis of the heart, or fatal syncope. 
(Digitalis from the opposite, or tetanic contraction.) 
To sum up its effects, as I conceive them : (1) General paralysis 
of motor nerves, or voluntary muscles (primary); (2) paralysis 
of involuntary muscles (secondarily). 
Viewing its action in this light, you will see that it is primarily 
homoeopathic to such maladies as : 
Chorea, of which there are several cases reported as cured by 
ten to eighteen drops a day. (a) A boy of fourteen, the disease had 
lasted several months; had resisted Ferrum, Arsenicum, and Zinc; 
cured in nine weeks. (6) A girl of twenty, cured rapidly, (c) 
Chorea of right side, the tongue seemed too large (paralyzed). 
The symptoms are not fully recorded, as they should have been. 
Paralysis agitans, if no structural lesion, as softening of nervous 
tissue, exists. Several observers (allopathic) mention that it did 
no service in such cases. Hammond (“ Diseases of Nervous Sys- 
tem”) says: “Under the term paralysis agitans several affections 
have been included, which are very different in character.” He 
classes them : (1) multiple cerebral sclerosis; (2) cerebro-spinal 
sclerosis. “These two are usually met with in old persons and 
depend on organic wasting changes in the nervous centres, are incur- 
able, and known as ‘ shaking palsy.’ ” (3) A form of tremors occur- 118 
CALABAR BEAN". 
ring in younger persons, is more curable, and therefore is presum- 
ably not dependent on organic change. The causes of this variety 
are emotional disturbance, continuous or severe muscular exertion, 
exhausting diseases, rheumatism, blows, falls, etc. 
The Calabar bean in small doses (lower dilutions, possibly the 
high) will doubtless prove curative in this form of tremors. It 
may have to be preceded or followed by Arnica, Ignatia, Scutel- 
laria, Cocculus, and Phosphorus. The “ constant primary electri- 
cal current,” according to Hammond, is very useful in all cases. 
The heart may partake of this variety of tremors. I have met 
with several cases due to emotional disturbance. In one case I 
used Calabar 3X with good results. It is certainly homoeopathic 
to cardiac debility, and ought to be useful in that peculiar condi- 
tion I have named cardiac chorea. 
I recently cured with Calabar a case of tetanic spasms, where 
the heart was affected by the disease. (See “N. A. Jour. Horn.,” 
May, 1875.) 
Cerebrospinal meningitis. It was first used in that terrible dis- 
ease by some eminent allopathic physicians of Chicago. Their 
successful use of it coming to my knowledge, I ascertained that 
they used it, as they thought, antipathically, or for the tetanic con- 
tractions of the spinal, cervical, and other voluntary muscles, 
which commonly occur during the progress of that malady. This 
condition, however, is only apparently tetanic in many cases; it is 
really a paralysis of the opposing or antagonistic muscles. In such 
cases the Calabar is primarily homoeopathic to the condition. If, 
however, the condition is really tetanic, it is secondarily indicated, 
for I believe a primary paralysis is often followed by a secondary 
tetanus. 
In the former condition the attenuations (2X to 3X) would prove 
most useful; in the latter five to ten drops of the mother tincture 
every three or four hours, either in alternation with or followed 
by Secale 0 in similar doses. I speak from my own experience, 
for I have the records of several cases, pronounced incurable, 
which recovered under the use of Calabar. A primary symptom 
indicating Calabar is contraction of the pupils; a secondary, dilated 
pupils. The heart’s action is tumultuous, feeble, and irregular. 
Idiopathic tetanus has been successfully treated with Calabar in CALABAR CAFFEIN. 
119 
large closes. Many severe cases have been reported. It has also 
been efficient in tetanic spasm from Strychnia poisoning. 
Certain epileptiform spasms have been cured by this medicine, 
but the details of the cases were given with that peculiar indefi- 
niteness which belongs to allopathic reports, and I cannot give you 
the specific indications. 
The action of Calabar on the eye is specific and unvarying. It 
is the opposite of Belladonna. It causes contraction of the pupils 
to the size of a pin’s head, attended at first by a “ twilight gloom,” 
which wears off before the pupils dilate. 
It causes short-sightedness in healthy eyes, and restores, tempo- 
rarily, normal vision in long-sighted persons. 
Astigmatism is a condition caused by Calabar. It has proved 
curative in several cases of paralysis of the circular fibres of the 
iris and ciliary muscles of one or both eyes. 
In prolapsus of the iris from injuries, its topical application 
caused the retraction of the prolapsed portion and contraction of 
the pupil. 
Oculists make extensive use of it locally when it is desirable 
to cause contraction of the pupil. 
The provings of Beckwith, Chase, and Wesselhoeft give some 
peculiar symptoms, but they did not use sufficient quantities to 
cause those distinctive characteristic symptoms which we require. 
Beckwith found it to cause and cure a form of dyspepsia marked 
by great pain (pressure) immediately after eating. In this it is 
analogous to Dios., Arg. nit., and Bismuth. 
I have cured many obstinate cases of constipation with Calabar. 
Also the trouble flatulence which so greatly annoys women at the 
“change of life.” 
It resembles somewhat, in its action, Agaricus, Gelseminum, 
Solanum, Conium, and Arnica, but no remedy is very closely 
analogous to it. It is one of those medicines which you will find 
have a narrow but decided action, and when indicated will act 
promptly and profoundly. 
CAFFEIN. 
This substance is the alkaloid of the Coffee bean. It is said 
that a cup of coffee, forming an infusion of 16.75 grams of dry 120 
CAFFEIX. 
coffee, contains about 0.1 to 0.12 gram of Caffein; and an infu- 
sion of 5 grams of very good tea contains the same quantity of 
Caffein. The chemists have decreed Caffein and Thein are 
identical, but we cannot always accept the dictum of the chemist, 
for two substances may appear chemically identical, yet may pos- 
sess different physiological properties. 
It was once supposed that Caffein represented the principal 
qualities of tea, coffee, guarana, and some other substances used as 
beverages by various nations. But it is doubtful if such is the 
fact, for they all differ in effect, while the action of the Caffein is 
uniform. It is probable that coffee contains several other constit- 
uents in smaller quantities than Caffein, so that Caffein cannot be 
made a complete substitute for the “ Coffea ” which we have used 
in practice. 
Dr. Aubert (“Pfluger’s Archiv ”), who has studied the effects of 
this substance on the nerves, muscles, respiratory movements, heart, 
and circulation, says it increases the reflex excitability and may 
produce tetanus. He considers this “ a medullary tetanus, for it 
is produced in the frog if the ischiatic nerves are cut, and it takes 
place in a limb the circulation in which has been stopped by a 
ligature before the subcutaneous injection into the skin of the 
back.” 
Caffein has been used in the practice of European and English 
physicians, and also in this country, much as the Guarana (Paul- 
liana) is now used, namely, for nervous and sick headaches. 
Its pathogenetic power of causing excessive reflex excitability 
accounts for the virtues of Coffea, even in high potencies, in the 
nervous erethism of children and women, and shows that it may 
homoeopathically prevent the accession of tetanoid spasms during 
intestinal irritation, or even the irritation of dentition. 
It is therefore an analogue of Hux and Ignatia, but antago- 
nistic to Scutellaria, Cypripedium, Calabar, and the Bromides 
(also Chloral). 
But it has other curative powers which may be utilized. It has 
been found curative in cardialgia, spasmodic asthma, hemicrania, 
and nervous palpitations. 
Coffee-drinkers are notoriously subject to crampy pains in the 
stomach, palpitation of the heart, and severe headache. A proof CAFFEIN. 
121 
that tea is not identical with coffee, is the fact that after the sus- 
pension of the use of coffee, and a resort to tea as a beverage, these 
symptoms disappear. Tea symptoms subside after substituting 
coffee. 
I have used Caffein a good deal during the last few years, 
especially in sleeplessness; nervous agitation after excessive pleas- 
urable emotions; nervousness in teething children, and in women 
suffering from uterine diseases. 
I usually prescribe the 3X trituration, nor have I ever observed 
any aggravations from it. On the contrary, it generally relieves, 
when Scutellaria or Ignatia fails. Sometimes Coffea 200 will act 
better than Caffein. This is probably due to some idiosyncrasy 
or extreme susceptibility. One of the pathogenetic symptoms of 
Caffein is “flushing of the face.” You will find it palliative of 
that symptom when occurring in women at the climacteric. 
The Bromo-hydrate of Caffein exceeds Caffein in some of its 
sedative effects on the system. I have been pleased with the 
effects of the 2X trituration, in sleeplessness, especially when there 
was frequent and watery urine. 
Citrate of Cajfein as Diuretic in Cardiac Dropsy.—Professor Gubler called atten- 
tion some time since to the property of the Citrate or the Bromo-hydrate of caf- 
fein, given in doses of four to eight grains, in producing abundant and instantaneous 
diuresis in cases of cardiac dropsy, either when given hypodermically or by the 
mouth. Dr. Lewis Shapter (“ Practitioner,” January) adds to this his experience 
with the Citrate alone. The dose given by Dr. S. has not exceeded three grains 
in any case, on account of the nausea and vomiting produced by larger amounts. 
This has been sufficient, however, to establish copious diuresis as a general thing 
even in the most advanced stages of cardiac dropsy. In one of Dr. S.’s cases a 
pill of Citrate of caffein, three grains, was given at night. The urine previously 
passed had been to the amount of a pint to a pint and a half in twenty-four hours. 
During the first night after taking the pill, and the next morning, the patient, 
passed two and half pints of urine. Subsequently Citrate of caffein in three- 
grain doses was ordered in solution with Glycerin and water, and for six weeks, 
while this was continued, the amount of urine passed during each twenty-four 
hours amounted to from two to three pints. Other cases are detailed by Dr. 
Shapter, in which the Citrate of caffein acted equally well. His observations 
lead him to the opinion that Citrate of caffein occupies a “ special ” place as a 
therapeutic agent in cardiac disorder, its position being limited as a cardiac diu- 
retic to advanced cases of cardiac disorders, or such advancing cases of cardiac 
disorders where muscular embarrassment and neurosal incoordinate cardiac ac- 
YOL. II.—9 122 
CAFFEIN—CALCAREA IODATA—CANCHALAGUA. 
tion (the indicators of progressive mural decay) exist. The existence of these 
symptoms appears clinically to forbid the administration of “tonic” doses of 
Digitalis so long as an outlet has not been effected from the venous system which 
shall coincidently, with more powerful cardiac contraction, relieve the stagnating 
pressure of venous blood on the right side of the heart. Citrate of caffein is (1) 
a diuretic. (2) It increases the heart’s action, either (a) directly by stimulating 
the organ itself, or (b) indirectly by means of the arteries, which it also excites to 
further contraction. After discussing its physiological action at some length, Dr. 
S. concludes that, whatever may be the true theory of the action of Citrate of caf- 
fein, the opinion is forced upon him from observation, that in doses of gr. iii to 
to gr. vi it is a diuretic and cardiac stimulant of great value in cases of cardiac 
dropsy, where a dilated, feeble, and irregularly contracting heart, undergoing 
progressive mural decay, is the main clinical and pathological element to be con- 
tended against.—“ Philadelphia Medical Times.” 
A recent German writer praises theBromo-hydrate of caffein in 
doses of and T X01J grain (lx and 2* triturations) in dropsy from 
heart disease, especially when due to dilatation or failure of the 
circulation from cardiac debility. It seems to act better than the 
simple Caffein or the Citrate. 
CALCAREA IODATA. 
(Iodide of Calcium.) 
This is a crystalline salt, soluble in water, but readily decom- 
posed in the liquid state. 
It has been used mostly in scrofula and tuberculosis. Admin- 
istered in phthisis, it improves the appetite and digestion, and 
diminishes the cough and nightsweats. It has been used with 
considerable success in goitre and other glandular enlargements. 
The first decimal trituration is the best form for ordinary use. 
CANCHALAGUA. 
This plant was introduced as a remedy for ague, but its use 
was never attended with such success as to warrant its continu- 
ance. 
While practicing in a malarious district many years ago, I tried 
it in many cases, but it proved useless. I do not believe it is now 
used, as it is rarely, if ever, ordered from our pharmacies. Its 
botanical identity is in doubt. The name above given is the 
vulgar name given it in California. CANNABIS INDICA. 
123 
CANNABIS INDICA. 
The marked and peculiar influence of the Hashish upon the 
brain and mind, has always given it a high rank as a supposed 
remedy in mania, insanity, and other disorders of the mind, but 
the experience of both schools has not realized the hopes of phy- 
sicians. 
It stands almost alone as a medicine that seems to possess the 
power of acting on the soul. It seems to give us some idea of the 
vast capabilities of emotion, comprehension and capacity for hap- 
piness and sorrow, which the soul of man possesses, but which lie 
latent while the body incloses it. 
As a homoeopathic remedy, it is indicated in all degrees and 
varieties of insanity, from profound depression to the highest ex- 
hilaration. 
I can find recorded, however, but few cases of insanity where it 
has been of much service. 
Dr. Gray reports its successful use in “spectral illusions, not 
accompanied by terror, caused by nervous fevers, puerperal mania, 
or religious excesses.” 
It ought to be useful in puerperal mania, with nymphomania 
(in a high dilution), but in two cases in which I used it, no cura- 
tive results were obtained. 
It is my opinion, that in order that it shall prove curative in 
mental diseases, they must be purely psychical in their origin, and 
not depend on any bodily ailment. In this respect it differs from 
Belladonna and Stramonium. In some affections of the brain 
and nerves of the head, the Cannabis takes a high rank. It is one 
of my favorite remedies in nervous vertigo, so called, which comes 
on after mental excitement, or remains after acute congestion of 
the brain. (Dose 2X to 6th.) 
Hemicrania, in its severest form, is often cured by the hemp, 
when all the usual medicines have been used in vain. The symp- 
toms of the provings do not give us any characteristic indications, 
but the published experience shows that it is indicated when the 
attacks occur periodically, every week or two, and are very agonizing, 
rendering the patients delirious or unconscious, leaving them pros- 124 
CANNABIS INDICA. 
trated and nervous. The face is generally pale, the head cool, noise 
and light aggravate, but no vomiting occurs. In such cases it is 
analogous in some respects to Sepia, Spigelia, Arsenic, and Zinc, 
val. The dose most successful has been the mother tincture, 5 
drops three times a day, as a preventive, and every hour during 
the paroxysm. This variety of neuralgia generally occurs in 
thin, delicate women, and has lasted for years. I am cognizant 
of some cases permanently cured by this plan of treatment. 
Dr. Marcy claims for it great value in subacute inflammation of 
the brain, delirium tremens, and hypochondria in females advanced 
in life. 
A prominent symptom in its provings is “involuntary shaking 
of the head,” such as we see in some cases of palsy. (See Calabar.) 
Since the third edition of “ New Remedies” was published, the 
India hemp has been used successfully in many cases of cerebro- 
spinal meningitis. Both schools of medicine claim its use. It is 
undoubtedly homoeopathic to that disease, as the pathological effects 
of poisonous and fatal doses on the spinal cord and brain, as well as 
the recorded symptoms, are very similar to those observed in that 
disease. My observation and experience lead me to restrict its 
value to the first stages of the malady, or the stages of irritation 
and congestion. After effusion or structural lesion has taken 
place, its action is not strictly curative, although it may prove a 
valuable palliative, and thereby aid indirectly in bringing about 
recovery. 
The following indications were published in a paper on that 
disease contributed by me to the “ U. S. Medical and Surgical 
Journal,” 1873: 
Delirium, generally gay; laughter, hallucinations, ecstasy, with 
or without loss of consciousness. 
On regaining consciousness, violent shocks are felt passing 
through the brain. 
Vertigo on rising, with stunning pain in the back part of the 
head, and he falls. 
Fulness and throbbing in the forehead, as if it would burst, 
with sensation like a heavy blow on back part of head and neck. 
Involuntary shaking of the head. CANNABIS INDICA. 
125 
Fixed gaze; dilated pupils; redness of the eyes; throbbing, 
ringing and buzzing in the ears; sensitive to sounds. 
Cold face, with drowsy and stupid look. 
Stinging, burning, and scalding, before, during, and after urina- 
tion. 
Amorous paroxysms. 
Anguish in the chest, with great oppression. 
Pain across the shoulders and spine, forcing him to stoop, and 
preventing him from walking erect. 
Entire paralysis of both lower extremities and the right arm. 
Convulsions; emprosthotonos, with loss of consciousness; cata- 
lepsy. 
Collapse; stupor; insensible pupils; pale, clammy and insen- 
sible skin; extreme debility; feeble, irregular pulse. 
In that dreadful disease, hydrophobia, it is highly recommended 
as the surest palliative when death is imminent. The dose should 
be large and frequently repeated (gtts. xx to xl every hour, until 
quiet is obtained). In cases due to imagination, pseudo-hydro- 
phobia, it will doubtless act as a curative agent in smaller doses. 
Hysterical spasms and a host of hysterical manifestations ought 
to be controlled by Cannabis, for its symptoms are more closely 
allied to the hysterical malady than any drug in our Materia 
Medica. A healthy lady once took 10 drops—probably more— 
to see if it wmuld cure mental excitement. It caused decided hys- 
terical paroxysms, although she had never before had anything of 
the kind. 
It causes hypercesthesia of the auditory nerves, also the optic. 
Hearing and vision are curiously perverted. I have cured several 
cases of tinnitus aurium with the 3X dilution. 
It causes canine hunger, but differs from China and other medi- 
cines causing that condition in this, that digestion is equal to the 
emergency. One person records that “ pastry and fat food, which 
previously he never ate without suffering from rancid risings and 
headache, are now digested regularly.” 
The urinary symptoms are very similar to those of Cannabis 
sativa. It is well known to botanists that the two are merely va- 
rieties, the Cannabis indica being the original and stronger spe- 
cies. If there is any difference in the symptoms, it is in the greater 126 
CANNABIS INDICA. 
effect the Cannabis indica has on the nerves of the urinary organs, 
as witness the symptoms of paralysis of the bladder and spasmodic 
action. On the other hand, the blennorrhagic symptoms are not so 
well marked, nor are the inflammatory. 
Its primary action on the organs of generation of both sexes is 
that of an aphrodisiac, for which purpose it is largely used in the 
East. It causes satyriasis, erotomania, nymphomania, priapism, 
chordee, involuntary erections and emissions,—always with amor- 
ous dreams. Its secondary effects are just the opposite, and the 
Hashish-eaters of the East all become prematurely impotent. The 
homoeopathic indications are evident. I often substitute it with 
good effect for Cannabis sativa. 
Dr. Hirschel recommends it very highly in profuse menstrua- 
tion, menorrhagia, and haemorrhage from the uterus of pregnant 
women. 
In the treatment of dysmenorrhoea it rivals Viburnum, Caulo- 
phyllum and Xanthoxyllum. It appears to control the neuralgic 
and spasmodic varieties, but is more particularly indicated when 
the patient is hysterical, emotional, and the menses are preceded, 
attended, or followed by unusual sexual desires. In allopathic 
practice it has effected some wonderful cures of dysmenorrhoea in 
women subject to neuralgia, and in my own practice it has relieved 
and cured patients who had been treated, ineffectually, for years, 
by uterine specialists, and with electricity. I use the lx tincture 
trituration, or the mother tincture, giving a few grains of the 
former, or a few drops of the latter, three times a day during the 
month, and every hour or oftener in severe cases, during the pain. 
My experience is, that it is useless to expect a radical cure by 
giving the remedy only during the paroxysms of pain. The sys- 
tem must be brought under the influence of the medicine, and kept 
under it, before the period of suffering arrives. 
It has been claimed that as a parturient or uterine-motor remedy 
it is analogous to Secale and Caulophyllum. In a few cases where 
I have given it to accelerate lingering labor, it has seemed to have 
the desired effect. It is decidedly beneficial in the 1* in after-pains. 
Spasmodic asthma has often been promptly relieved by India 
hemp. One of its most prominent symptoms, which I have often 
witnessed from one dose, is : 127 
CANNABIS INDICA—CARBOLIC ACID. 
u A feeling of suffocation, wants to be fanned ; oppression of the 
chest, with deep, labored breathing; anguish, accompanied by great 
oppression, ameliorated in the open air.” 
When these symptoms are present, a few drops of the lx, every 
half hour, will give prompt relief. 
Cardiac asthma will also be relieved by it, as the following 
symptoms show: 
“Pressing pain in the heart, with dyspnoea the whole night; 
anguish at the heart; stitches in the heart, accompanied by great 
oppression, the latter relieved by deep breathings.” 
It has two other prominent heart-symptoms which may be 
remembered with benefit: 
“ Pain (stitches) in the heart, with palpitation, when lying on 
the left side.” 
“ Palpitation of the heart, awakening him from sleep.” 
Dr. Gray reports as cured a case of “ paralysis of the lower 
extremities,” but he alternated it with Nux vom., which spoils the 
value of the report. Cannabis has, however, many symptoms of 
paraplegia, and may prove curative in some cases, not caused by 
any grave lesion of the cord, but functional in its character. 
It ought to be an excellent remedy in sleeplessness from mental 
excitement, for nightmare, and for the night-terrors of children; 
also for a sleep disturbed by vivid dreams, which weary the patient. 
I regret to say that you will find many “ Hashish-eaters ” in 
your practice. Its seductive influence is little less fascinating 
than Opium, and men and women are both driven by care and 
trouble to its use. 
CARBOLIC ACID. 
This powerful agent, introduced into medicine as a disinfectant 
is worthy a high rank as an internal remedy. The provings in- 
stituted by Drs. Hoyne and Mitchell develop the fact that its 
true analogues are Arsenicum, Baptisia, the Bromides, Cimicifuga, 
Creasote, Lachesis, Belladonna, Solanum, Sulphur, etc. Many 
of its symptoms remind us of the acro-narcotics; others of the 
corrosive poisons. 
It is feared that it will meet the fate that Arnica meets at the 128 
CARBOLIC ACID. 
hands of the majority of our school. Hahnemann had a high 
opinion of Arnica as an internal remedy, and he gave us an ex- 
cellent pathogenesis, but somehow the idea takes possession of the 
average homoeopathist, that it is to be used solely as an external 
application, or if given internally at all, only in case of injuries. 
The fact is that Arnica is nearly as valuable as Bryonia or Nux 
vomica in a variety of internal diseases. 
So with Carbolic acid. It will prove far more useful as an 
internal remedy than it ever has as a topical application. As a 
disinfectant even it has lately been deposed from the high rank 
once assigned to it. 
My present estimate of Carbolic acid is, that its sphere of action 
is the cerebrospinal centres, and that the disorders of the mucous 
surfaces, of the blood and secretions, of digestion, etc., are but the 
consequences of this primary action on the central nervous sys- 
tem. Its pathological action, when applied locally to any tissue, 
is that of a caustic, disorganizing the surfaces when it is applied 
in a peculiar manner. It causes an ulceration and sloughing, with 
tendency to putrescence. It is in this class of local lesions that its 
use, in very dilute solutions, will cure by its homoeopathic rela- 
tions. 
It has been supposed by some that this acid cures diseases, ex- 
ternal and internal, by its power of destroying certain germs which 
permeate the blood and secretions. 
It is true that this substance destroys the life of animal and 
vegetable growths, such as infusoria, bacteria, vibriones, micro- 
scopic fungi, etc., quicker than any known substance, unless it be 
the Sulphite of soda. But this does not prove that it cures or can 
cure all diseases where these organisms abound in the fluids and 
solids. 
In a majority of diseases these organisms are a result and not a. 
cause of disease. 
Just in proportion as the nervous life of the body becomes weak- 
ened, comes the tendency to deterioration of the solids and fluids, 
and finally the presence in them of animal and vegetable organ- 
isms. 
Now, it is my belief that Carbolic acid has the same effect on 129 
CARBOLIC ACID. 
the human as on the lowest organisms, namely, the destruction of 
the vitality of the nerve-centres. 
We will now take up the most characteristic symptoms of the 
drug, and compare them with the cures made with it, and see if the 
above speculations are borne out: 
The head symptoms are quite prominent, thus : 
“ Feels as if a band was around the forehead.” (Bell.) 
“ Dull pain, running from forehead to occiput.” 
“ Burning in top of the head.” (Sulph.) 
“ Constant dull pressure and pain in the occiput and muscles 
of the back of the neck, especially just behind the ears.” 
“ A very great sense of weight on the neck, with a tenderness, 
even to the touch, on the seventh cervical vertebrae.” 
“Constant vertigo, not relieved by shutting the eyes; better 
when walking fast in the open air; much worse when sitting 
down.” 
“ Constant humming, buzzing noise in the ears, with the head- 
ache, but without dulness of hearing.” 
“ A full, dull, but constricted feeling in the head.” 
All the symptoms closely resemble the headache and abnormal 
sensations from cerebro-spinal irritation, and resemble the symp- 
toms of Silica, Gelseminum, Calabar, Cannabis indica, and other 
irritants of the cerebro-spinal centres. 
It has been used successfully, by myself and a few others, in the 
headaches following meningitis, and “ spotted fever ;” or the head 
symptoms occurring after sunstroke ; for sick-headache, periodical, 
generally just before or after the menses. 
The eye-symptoms are notable—they point to failing vitality of 
the optic nerve. I would call the attention of our oculists to 
these symptoms. 
In fetid, purulent discharges from the nose, from any cause, its 
topical application, not too strong, will be attended by the best re- 
sults (10 grains of the crystals to a pint of ’water). It may be in- 
jected with a sponge, or thrown up by an atomizer, or simply 
snuffed up. If it is done thoroughly, two or three times a day, the 
unhealthy nature of the discharge will soon disappear. In cases of 
ulceration it may have to be aided by Aurum, Silica, or Mercurius. 
If the infusorial origin of hay fever, u catarrhus cestivus,” is 130 
CARBOLIC ACID. 
proven, or even if it is caused by the pollen of plants, the injec- 
tion of a dilute solution ought to cure that disorder. Helmholtz 
says Quinine cures it, and Carbolic acid has the same action, only 
more rapid, on such organisms. 
In aphthous conditions of the mouth and fauces, if the odor is 
very offensive or cadaverous Carbolic acid washes are useful; if 
not, the Sulphite of soda or Borax are better. 
In diphtheria, with fetor, the same observation will apply, but 
if fetor is not decided, I prefer Phytolacca or Guaiacum. In ulcer- 
ation of the throat, syphilitic or not, the acid may be used as a 
gargle. 
It is said to have cured “ spasmodic stricture of the oesophagus,” 
but the authority is not known to me. 
In caries of the teeth, a plug of cotton, moistened with the 
officinal solution, and crowded into the cavity, destroys the sensi- 
tiveness of the dentine and abolishes the fetor. 
As might be expected it has cured vomiting of sarcince, but 
Sod® sulphite is just as effectual and much more safe; for, in 
order to be effectual, enough must be given to destroy the fungi, 
and prevent their propagation. 
One of the most persistent of the symptoms in all the provings, 
was morning nausea and vomiting, and it has been very successful 
in the practice of both schools, in the treatment of the morning 
nausea of pregnancy. It cures vomiting of ingesta during preg- 
nancy, and in children. 
You may find it very useful in some of the many forms of 
dyspepsia, and flatulence. 
Dr. Ployne considers it indicated in attacks of11 diarrhoea from 
had drainage.” It may be useful in diarrhoea from drinking 
impure water. I have found it very efficacious in cholera infantum, 
attended with great prostration, hot head, fetor of the breath and 
all the excretions; the discharges from the bowels were putrid and 
like rice-water, or like the odor of spoiled eggs. In true cholera 
infantum, when the head is implicated, and the disease runs a 
rapid, malignant course, I have had the best success with Cam- 
phor, Bromide of soda, and Carbolic acid. I now rarely use 
Arsenicum, Veratrum, or other of the routine remedies usually 
recommended. CARBOLIC ACID. 
131 
All the provers had increased urine. It is known to be diuretic, 
as is Creasote. I predict it will be useful in some of the varieties 
of Bright’s diseases, and possibly in diabetes. 
It is a favorite remedy in pruritus of the organs of generation, 
and of the perinseum and anus. Pruritus is often caused by ulcer- 
ation of the os uteri, chronic vaginitis, aphthous conditions of the 
vagina and vulva. When these conditions are present, a weak 
solution should be used as an enema, and the same wash applied 
topically. One of its pathogenetic symptoms is, “ itching of the 
scrotum and inside of the thighs ; intense burning itching of the 
genitals.” 
As an application in ulceration, or granulation, of the os uteri, 
it is equal to Chromic acid. 
Carbolic acid is, par excellence, the remedy for the unhealthy 
discharges from the uterus and vagina following miscarriage and 
natural labor. In the best-managed cases some small portions of 
membrane or scraps of placenta will remain and give rise to fetid 
discharges. I am in the habit of ordering the nurse to use enemas 
of Carbolic acid, of the strength of ten grains to a quart of water, 
twice a day, so soon as fetor shows itself. I believe by its use we 
may prevent the occurrence of pyaemic poisoning, or phlebitis, in 
the majority of cases. It may be alternated with Sulphite of soda. 
In uterine cancer, its use is indispensable, either alone or alter- 
nated with the Sulphite of soda, or Bromo-chloralum. I may as 
well state in this place, as in any other, that the pretensions claimed 
for Carbolic acid, as a curative agent (when internally adminis- 
tered, in the attenuations), in the treatment of cancer, are without 
foundation. These claims were trumpeted forth by a once no- 
torious surgeon belonging to our school of practice. The idea 
that infinitesimal quantities of this acid will exert any destructive 
action on the cancer-cells or germs in the blood or tissues of the 
body, is absurd in the extreme. I have carefully watched the 
progress and termination of the cases of alleged cures, and assert 
that in no single instance can I learn that the disease has been 
eradicated. 
The cough and laryngeal symptoms are important. It causes 
“short hacking cough, with tickling in the throat. The cough is 
constant, irritating, and generally dry, or may end in expectora- 132 
CARBOLIC ACID. 
tion of thick white mucus.” This resembles the cough of Rumex, 
but without the excoriation in the chest. It is an excellent pal- 
liative in this kind of cough, when occurring in chronic laryngitis, 
bronchitis and consumption. It may also act as a curative agent 
in these diseases in the early stages, if it is administered in a 
proper manner. 
It should be prescribed internally, in the 3X or 6X, and used in 
a spray or steam atomizer, in about the same strength. It has 
one symptom similar to Lachesis, Hepar, and Stillingia, namely : 
“ Left side of larynx very sore when pressed upon—not the right 
side.” 
It is a favorite remedy with many of our school in whooping- 
cough. Some prefer it in the middle attenuations, others in the 
lowest, and a few claim brilliant results for its use when inhaled 
from an atomizer. If the infusorial cause of this disorder be true 
it ought to be the specific. 
It is said to be of great value in malignant scarlatina, even when 
coma is present. 
Dr. Middleton* reports several cases of confluent variola treated 
with Carbolic acid. He says: “The pocks began to dry up on 
the eighth day, tongue cleaned off, no secondary fever ; the pocks 
were dry all over the body on the twelfth day.” Dose: a few 
drops of the 2* ever two hours. 
It is an excellent plan to put a small quantity of the acid into 
the water with which patients sick with malignant fevers, etc., 
are bathed. It is enough if the water has a faint odor of the acid. 
In diseases of the shin it has been found curative, when given 
internally and applied externally in the form of a lotion or un- 
guent. 
It caused, in the provers, “ itching of the skin all over the body; 
vesicular eruptions, itching excessively, better after rubbing, but 
leaving a burning pain.” 
It is said to have cured leprosy, prurigo, pityriasis, lupus, car- 
buncles, indolent and irritable ulcers, acne, impetigo, scabies, and 
psoriasis. I have italicized those in which I have used it success- 
fully. 
* Hahnemannian Monthly, April, 1872. CARBOLIC ACID. 
133 
Since the pathogenesis in the first volume of this work was 
printed I have found the following case of poisoning by Carbolic 
acid. The symptoms of the heart are so important that I quote 
the case: 
“ A man of thirty years, suffering from stricture of the urethra, 
took by mistake a teaspoonful of a solution of Carbolic acid,” 
containing, perhaps, twenty-five to thirty centigrams of the acid 
(two and one-half grains). 
He felt a burning in the throat and oesophagus, and took some 
milk and water and a dose of Castor oil. After ten or fifteen 
minutes a slight tremor set in over the whole body, steadily in- 
creasing, followed by delirium, irritability and rage, with copious 
perspiration. Ilis breath smelled slightly of the acid. At the 
attempt to examine his throat he closed his teeth tightly. The 
beat of the heart as well as the pulse could not be felt. Pupils were 
normal and reacted to light. The abdomen was bloated, especially 
in the epigastric region, but neither hard, nor tense, nor sensitive 
to pressure. He could not take medicine. 
After about two hours he became more quiet, the sweating de- 
creased, pulse and beat of the heart could not yet be counted. 
Instead of the tremors a somnolent state set in, the sweating 
ceased, the pupils dilated, but showed reaction to light. He swal- 
lowed now the most part of a tablespoonful of Magnesia. The 
pulse was irregular and intermitting, the veins appeared swollen 
and raised. Three hours after taking the poison the pulse became 
more regular and stronger, but frequent (120 to the minute), the 
pupils began to contract, the patient more quiet, answered ration- 
ally, and only complained of feeling languid. The pupils were 
now normal, the pulse full, and 100 to the minute. The oil showed 
now its action, but the faeces showed no smell of Carbolic acid. 
Later, he vomited twice a watery, thin fluid, not smelling of the 
acid. Ho pains in the stomach. He slept good, and when awakened 
complained only of some burning in the throat; fauces were 
slightly red, and showed some small gray spots, which soon passed 
off. The urine showed at first large quantities of albumen, after 
awhile it was clear, but of a dirty brown color; it never smelled 
of Carbolic acid. The dark color passed off gradually, but it re- 
mained albuminous for four days. Chemical analysis showed the 
acid in the dark-colored urine. 134 
CARBOLIC ACID. 
The most pregnant symptom in this case is the relaxation of 
the activity of the heart; if death had occurred at the beginning of 
the stage of the depression, following the primary stage of excita- 
tion, the paralysis of the heart would have to be considered as 
the causa morbis.—Schmidt’s “ Jalirb.” 10, 1874. 
Dr. Adams, Professor of Surgery, in Chicago Homoeopathic 
College, writes of its uses in Surgery : 
“ Carbolic acid has been most extensively used, and so far has 
been rivalled in general utility only by Thymol. We can best 
illustrate the use of the method by describing, e.g., an amputa- 
tion. The surface of the part to be operated upon is thoroughly 
cleaned by sponging or irrigation with an aqueous solution of the 
acid of the strength of 5 per cent. (1-20). All sponges, instru- 
ments, etc., are carefully cleansed in a solution of the same strength. 
“ During the operation a weaker solution (1 per cent.), is used 
for washing sponges, and also in the form of spray, which by 
means of a suitable atomizer is thrown directly upon the field of 
operation so as to completely envelop the wound and its surround- 
ings in an antiseptic mist. The amputation made, the vessels are 
secured by torsion, acupressure, or the carbolized catgut ligature* 
firmly tied in a square knot and both ends cut short. A drain- 
age-tube is inserted, the edges of the wound brought into apposi- 
tion by carbolized gut or silk sutures,f and the projecting end of 
the tube cut off flush with the level of the integument. The ex- 
ternal dressing consists, first, of oiled silk, carbolized, known as 
“ protective,”:}: its object being to protect the wound from any 
stimulant effects of the acid in the next application, consisting of 
eight layers of carbolized gauze,* under the top layer of which 
a piece of thin rubber cloth is placed to prevent the too rapid 
washing away of the antiseptic material from the gauze, by the 
* Catgut Ligature.—Soak catgut of required thickness in carbolized olive oil, 
one part acid to five of oil, with a small quantity of water diffused through it to 
keep the gut supple. 
t Sutures.—Silk may be rendered thoroughly aseptic by steeping in a mixture 
of beeswax 10 parts, Carbolic acid one part, the superfluous wax being wiped off 
the silk as it is drawn from the mass. 
t Protective.—Oiled silk, lightly brushed with copal varnish on both sides. 
After drying again brush with a solution of starch and dextrin, so that it may re- 
tain a watery solution of the acid when dipped in it before application. CARBOLIC ACID—CARDUUS MARINE. 
135 
serous discharge from the womb. The spray is kept up contin- 
ually from the beginning of the operation until the dressing is 
completed, and is used at all changes of the dressing until the 
wound is healed. It will be seen that the method depends for its 
success upon the principle of allowing nothing to come near the 
wound except it be first rendered aseptic. The drainage-tube 
should be of pure rubber, and is essential whenever the wound is 
of any considerable extent, as a free flow of serum follows the use 
of the spray. In most cases not more than from two to five dress- 
ings will be required, and may be made, in the absence of com- 
plications, at intervals of one, two, and three days, respectively. 
If suppuration occurs in a case under treatment after this plan, 
carried out in detail, it will be such as is not due to putrefaction, 
and the pus will be perfectly innocuous. Frequent meddling 
with wounds is to be avoided. As long as they do well they are 
better let alone. All materials needed now can be obtained at 
the surgical instrument stores ready for use, or may be prepared 
according to the above-mentioned formulae. 
CARDUUS MARIE. 
This medicine, with an odd contradiction of terms, I should 
call the oldest of the new remedies. I found a pathogenesis of 
it in one of the early numbers of the “ British Journal of Homoeop- 
athy,” and if one-half its alleged powers are possessed by it, we 
should test its value thoroughly. 
Its sphere of action seems to begin and end in the liver and portal 
system, and, so far as we can judge, from our present knowledge 
of its effects, all symptoms are the result, direct or indirect, of 
such action. 
It is a close analogue of Bryonia, Chelidonium, Nux vomica, 
Podophyllum, Benzoic acid, Chionanthus, and Ammonium muri- 
aticum. 
It causes hypochondriacal depression of mind, vertigo, dull heavy 
pain in the forehead, over the eyes and in the temples, confusion 
of thought, bitter taste, nausea, pyrosis, eructations, distension, 
retching, vomiting of sour, green fluid, and many other unmistak- 
* Gauze.—Mix paraffin sixteen parts, resin four parts, and Carbolic acid 
one part. Dip cheap muslin gauze in the mass and wring or press out while 
hot. 136 
CARDUUS MARIAS. 
able “bilious” symptoms. Dr. Leidbeck asserts that no remedy 
more surely removes such symptoms. The same author has col- 
lected a number of clinical cases illustrating its powers, namely: 
Morning vomiting of pregnant women ; the food remains undi- 
gested all day. 
Swelling and painfulness of the liver. 
Jaundice (many cases). It is a very popular and successful 
remedy in domestic practice in Europe. 
“ Tenderness and hardness of the right hypochondria, especially 
in the left hepatic lobe; pressure there caused oppressed breathing 
and cough; stools brown, urine yellow, respiration asthmatic, 
expectoration thick and tough.” These symptoms indicate en- 
largement of the liver, with sympathetic bronchial irritation, a con- 
dition in which Chelidonium and Muriate of ammonia are both 
now used very successfully. 
It is capable of curing a more serious condition of the liver, for 
a case is reported of 
“ Pain in the liver, with oedema of the feet; scanty, bright urine, 
and asthma.” It may prove useful in dropsy from hepatic disease. 
Like Chelidonium, it has a great popularity in Europe for the 
cure of 
“ Gallstones, with jaundice, pain in the stomach, vomiting of 
bile, etc. Dr. L. cured two cases with half an ounce of the tinc- 
ture in a pint of water, a tablespoonful every two hours. He 
does not say whether the calculi were expelled or dissolved, but 
the patients got well, and that was quite as satisfactory.” 
A case is also reported of “ painful tenderness and sivelling of 
the gall-bladder,” probably from obstruction of the ductus chole- 
doch us communis, and which was promptly removed by the 
Carduus. 
Among other clinical cases he mentioned 
“ Hepatic affections with haemoptysis and croup. 
“ Portal congestion and obstruction, with its consequences. 
° “ Hypertrophy of the left hepatic lobe, with tenderness of the 
cervical and dorsal vertebrae. 
° “ Pain in the whole abdomen, near the caecum, cramps, urine 
normal, complexion smutty, yellowish; sleeplessness, great ema- 
ciation, and hectic fever.” An affection of the liver, primarily. CARDUUS MAEIiE. 
137 
It causes tardy, knotted, and hard brown stool, followed by 
“stool soft, yellowish, thin, loamy, chocolate-colored, pappy, or 
without bilious tinge.” 
The urine at first is normal, but as the bile disappears in the 
stools, it appears in the urine, which becomes scanty, yellow, and 
finally brown. 
This gives a complete picture of ordinary cases of jaundice. 
Dr. Reil recommends it highly for “affections of the climacteric 
period in women, viz., megrim, metrorrhagia, leucorrhcea, asthma, 
with consensual disorder of the liver.” This is similar to the 
action of Aloes, which is so useful at the change of life, when the 
liver is the suffering organ. 
Dr. Reil narrates his experience with Carduus in an epidemic 
of influenza with, hepatic symptoms, namely, a peculiar brown, 
dirty-gray complexion of the patient, sometimes a real jaundiced 
tint; sensitiveness of the left hepatic lobes to pressure; bright, 
pale-yellow, seldom dark-green stools; dark-brown urine, oppres- 
sion of the chest, stitches in the side, debility, fever, frontal head- 
ache. Nux, Chelid., and Puls, did no good; only Carduus 
promptly cured. 
Here in Chicago, during the months of March and April, we 
have similar epidemics. In several such epidemics I have found 
the Carduus indispensable for removing the hepatic difficulties. 
It is one of the few remedies which is capable of controlling 
serious pulmonary symptoms resulting from disordered liver. It 
has cured “painful cough at night, obliging him to sit up in bed;” 
“ expectoration of pure blood, or blood and mucus, generally con- 
nected with liver troubles;” “ is palliative in the cough of con- 
sumptives and asthmatics.” 
It has an extensive popular reputation in Europe for “ stitches 
in the side,” generally the right, and nearly always connected with 
so-called bilious conditions. You will observe in your practice 
that severe stiches in the sides and chest often precede a “ bilious 
attack.” These “ stitches ” are said by Dr. Inman to be generally 
sympathetic, and are in the muscles oftener than in the liver. 
In pleurisy it has some reputation, but it is not probable that 
Carduus is indicated in idiopathic pleurisy, but rather in pleuro- 
dynia (thoracic myalgia). 
YOL. II.—10 138 
CARDUUS MARIAS—CASTANEA YESCA. 
All the observers of the action of Carduus make this remark: 
“ It relieves, but does not appear to remove the fever and oppres- 
sion (in pleurisy) as well as Aconite;” which confirms the opinion 
I have just expressed. 
CASTANEA YESCA, 
It is a little singular that an infusion of the leaves of the common 
edible chestnut should prove a remedy for ichooping-cough ; but a 
Dr. Unzicker seems to have been very successful with it, if we can 
believe his report. He says : “I have found in all cases that it 
would, in from four to ten days, relieve the spasms of pertussis, 
and in about two weeks cure it. The little sufferers would whoop 
no more, but go on to a speedy recovery, to the great delight of 
myself and their friends.” 
He uses one-half an ounce of the leaves in a quart of water. 
This infusion was given in tablespoonful doses, every few hours. 
Later, he publishes further experience with the fiuid extract in 
five to ten drop doses. 
No experience has been published in the literature of our school 
since my first mention of it, nor have I had any good opportunity 
to test it. 
I would suggest a trial of the tincture in some obstinate spas- 
modic coughs, for which it may prove useful. 
Since writing the above, I have seen a report of Dr. Davis, in 
the “ Philadelphia Medical Times/’ of a careful study of the effects 
of Castanea in whooping-cough, made in the Philadelphia Hospital. 
Fifteen children were selected, all with severe paroxysms and 
the characteristic whoop. They had been taking other drugs, but 
were left without medicines two days, during which time the 
paroxysms increased in frequency and severity. After being put 
on FI. ext. castanea, in doses of thirty to sixty drops every three 
hours, the paroxysms decreased rapidly, so that on the fifth day 
none occurred except in three cases. The nurse in charge, who 
had witnessed many epidemics of the disease, declared she had 
never seen a medicine act like it. CASTANEA VESCA—CAULOPHYLLUM. 
139 
Since the last edition of this work, not much clinical experi- 
ence relating to the use of Castanea has been published in the 
journals of either school. At the March meeting of the Obstet- 
rical Society of the State of New York, Dr. Rodenstein reported 
eight cases of whooping-cough treated with Castanea. The aver- 
age duration of these cases was three weeks, during which time 
the children took from two to five ounces of the fluid extract (30 
drops four times a day was the usual dose). Several other phy- 
sicians at the meeting stated that they had used it in smaller 
quantities with good results ; all, however, testified to the superior 
curative influence of the Bromide of ammonium in severe cases. 
Such is my own experience. 
CAULOPHYLLUM. 
This is one of a class of remedies whose virtues seem to have 
been well known to the aborigines of this country. They called 
it “squaw-root,” by which name it is known to the common people. 
Early pioneers, lay as well as professional, all bear witness to the 
high estimate placed on it by the Indians for the relief of the suf- 
ferings and weaknesses of the women of that race. It has another 
name, “blue cohosh,” the origin of which I have not been able to 
ascertain. 
Its sphere of action, as near as can at present be stated, is not 
extensive, but confined to the small muscles and joints, the muscular 
tissues of the generative organs, and possibly the motor nerves and 
mucous membranes. 
The provings made do not throw much light on its general 
powers. Its clinical uses afford us almost all the data upon which 
we base our knowledge. 
Its most prominent value seems to be its power of causing 
intermittent contractions of the gravid uterus, and possibly of the 
unimpregnated. In this it differs from Ergot, which causes, or 
tends to cause, persistent contractions. The remedies which most 
resemble it in this respect are Viburnum, Cannabis indica, and 
Cimicifuga. It has become very popular with a portion of our 
school, for the following conditions : 
(1.) Deficient labor pains: (a) When they do not appear with 
sufficient vigor and regularity, at full term, and during labor. 140 
CA TJLOPIIYLLUM. 
(b) When the pains have disappeared from exhaustion, (c) When 
they are too severe and too painful, or are spasmodic. 
In the two first instances it should be given in doses varying 
from one-fourth grain of the Caulophyllin., crude, to a grain of 
the 1* or 2X, frequently repeated ; but in the last instance, to 
which condition it is primarily homceopathic, the dose should be 
from the 3d to the 6th, or higher. 
I mention the active principle, because it seems to possess the 
desired powers of the medicine in a pleasanter form than the tinc- 
ture, which, in its crude state, is quite irritating to the fauces. 
But the tincture can be used in about the same proportions, if nec- 
essary, substituting ten drops for each grain of Caulophyllin. 
The same directions will answer for the dose in other conditions 
in which it is specific, namely: 
(2.) Spasmodic dysmenorrlioea, when the flow is natural in quan- 
tity and quality. This distressing condition is often cured by 
Caulophyllin, but to be successful the medicine must be given 
several times daily during the week or two preceding the menses, 
as well as during the painful period. 
(3.) Spasmodic after-pains, in which it is indispensable. 
(4.) Spasmodic pains in the uterus, broad ligaments, etc., occur- 
ring at any time, from a cold, rheumatism, during pregnancy (false 
pains); also general as well as local spasms, from the suppression 
of the menses or lochia. 
As might be expected from its powers, which I have just enu- 
merated, it is a powerful agent for the prevention of premature 
labor and of miscarriage, provided the premonitions are pains of a 
spasmodic character. 
The aborigines and earlier settlers claimed for it the power of 
preventing tedious and painful labors. This testimony has been 
substantiated by many prominent and trustworthy physicians of 
the eclectic school, as well as of the homoeopathic. A few of our 
school have denied it such power, but the weight of the evidence 
is against them. Dr. A. E. Small is sure, from the observation 
of many years, that it actually prevents the unusual sufferings 
which many women undergo. He also testifies to the singular fact 
that many women who have taken it for such purposes have over- 
run their time to the extent, in some cases, of ten or twelve days. CAULOPHYLLUM. 
141 
The cases referred to, however, all had very easy labors and a good 
recovery. 
My experience has been so uniform and conclusive on this point, 
that I do not hesitate to assert that it prevents not only a too pain- 
ful labor, but it prevents those premature labors which are so com- 
mon among the weakly women of this age. 
You must not expect it to prevent painful labors (dystocia) in 
women who become advanced in life before they bear children, or 
in whom there exists any deformity of the pelvic cavity. Such cases 
are mechanical obstacles to easy, natural labors, Caulophyllum re- 
moves only abnormal functional causes. 
The method of giving it in such cases is to prescribe a few grains 
of the 21 or 3X trit., or a few drops of the 0 or lx dil., three times 
a day, for the last two weeks previous to the expiration of the 
term. If, however, a premature labor is feared at the seventh or 
eighth month, it should be taken during the two weeks preceding 
those periods. 
Caulophyllum has been recommended for rigid os uteri, but I 
believe the rigidity is overcome, not from any specific power on 
the circular muscles of the os, but from its general action on the 
uterus. Gelseminum and Belladonna are better for this condition. 
If uterine displacements are attended by periodic, spasmodic 
pains, Caulophyllum will form a valuable auxiliary to Sepia, 
Lilium, Nux, or Belladonna. 
In my second edition of “New Remedies” was recorded a case 
of paraplegia from retroversion, which the Caulophyllum was 
supposed to have cured. We need further confirmation, however, 
before we accept it as a remedy for such condition. 
It seems to be homoeopathic to rheumatism of the short muscles 
and small joints of the extremities, and a few cases of that charac- 
ter have been reported. 
It is said to be indicated when spasmodic pains occur in the 
stomach, intestines, and other organs, in sympathy with the same 
kind of pains in the uterus. There is no particular reason why 
they should always be in sympathy with that organ in order to 
render this remedy curative. 142 
CEANOTHUS VIRGINIA NA. 
This shrub, called Jersey tea, derives its common name from 
the fact that during the Revolution, when Chinese tea could not 
be procured, it was used as a substitute, as were many other plants. 
It is said that the infusion possesses slightly exhilarating effects. 
It would probably repay a good proving. 
I found in the “ Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal ” a com- 
munication in which it was stated that the Ceanothus possessed 
the power of curing splenitis and enlargement of the spleen. Dr. 
savs : 
“ During the late civil war I used this plant for splenitis, and 
so well satisfied have I been with the results that for six years I 
do not remember using anything else for enlarged spleen. I have 
used it in the worst cases I ever saw, from infancy to old age. I 
have yet to see or hear of its failure in a single case, however in- 
veterate.” 
This is pretty strong and positive testimony, and the author 
fully confirms my idea that a remedy which cures is homoeopathic 
always, for he further says : 
“ In chronic cases, when the organ is no longer tender, under 
the use of the tincture, even without friction, it soon becomes pain- 
ful and tender, then sinks rapidly to its normal size, and so re- 
mains, the patient no longer being conscious of its presence.” 
We see here a true homoeopathic aggravation, showing that the 
drug has a specific affinity for that organ. 
I would advise you to make use of it when you meet with cases 
of “ ague cake,” so common in malarious districts. 
The tincture is made from the leaves, and is given in drop doses 
of the 0 or lx dilution and applied to the region of the spleen. 
Dr. Carroll Dunham informs me that a physician of his acquaint- 
ance cured an enormous enlargement of the spleen by the use of 
this remedy. 
It is not a little singular that since the first mention of Ceano- 
thus in the third edition of this work, no clinical reports of its use 
in disease have been reported in American journals. It remained 
for an English physician, Dr. J. C. Burnett, to discover its affin- 
ity for splenic disorders. In an article in the “Monthly Homoe- 
opathic Review,” of March, 1879. entitled “Ceanothus Ameri- 
canus in its Relation to Diseases of the Spleen,” he says: 
CEANOTHUS VIRGINIANA. 143 
CEANOTHUS VIRGINIANA. 
For several years past I have been in the habit of using this drug in true 
Eademacherian fashion as an organ remedy. The perusal of Eademacher’s 
“ Magnum Opus ” is one of the greatest literary treats that ever fell to my lot; 
based on Hohenheimian bizarries, avowedly and obviously merely an attempt at 
reducing his genial, erratic, pretended mysticism to the concrete form of a practice 
of medicine, by depolarizing it, if I may so speak, it is nevertheless the most 
genial and most original production it is possible to find in medical literature. 
It is one of the most hareboned lawless empiricisms that one can conceive, and 
yet there are two leading ideas running through the entire work, and these are 
the genius epidemicus morborum and organopathy; and considered from the 
pharmacological side, the other two ideas of universal (general) and particular 
medicines. For Paracelsus there were only three universal remedies, and so also 
for Eademacher and for their followers. Hahnemann has but three fundamental 
morbid states, psora, syphilis, and sycosis. Von Grauvogl has but three consti- 
tutions of the body—they might have all been working out the fatherlandish 
proverb, Alter guten Dinge sind drei ! 
The genius epidemicus morborum is beyond question a fact in nature, but it is 
dreadfully eel-like, hard to get a grip of. The same may be said of Hahne- 
mann’s tripartite pathology and of Grauvogl’s three constitutional states. 
Eademacher’s organopathy (that an otherwise able modern writer appropriates 
with childlike naivete) is no more and no less than the homoeopathic specificity 
of seat, with just a dash of a mystic psychic something in the several organs; if 
we set aside this little particular soul for each organ, it is only local affinity, or 
elective affinity. And it is quite true in nature, and the mind that cannot, or 
will not, recognize it, is wanting in catholicity of perception; and in practice will 
often go a mile when three paces would have reached the goal. Whatever else Can- 
tharis may be, it is first and foremost a kidney medicine ; whatever else Digitalis 
may be, it is primarily a heart medicine; and let Belladonna be what it may, it 
is before all other things an artery medicine, and just in this sense Ceanothus 
Americanus is a spleen medicine. 
The spleen constitutes a dark corner in the human economy, whether consid- 
ered physiologically or therapeutically. I have heard it professorially very ably 
argued that the spleen is the principal manufactory of our blood-corpuscles. I 
have heard that theory equally, ably, and professorially refuted, and in its stead the 
thesis set up that the spleen is, as it were, the ultimum refugium of the old and 
effete blood-corpuscles, wherein they are broken up and their debris sent off 
again into the circulating medium. A third argued that all this was veritable 
nonsense, as the spleen had nothing whatever to do with either making leuco- 
cytes or breaking up their reddened descendants, that in fact the spleen had no 
other function than to act as a reservoir for the blood, being, indeed, a kind of 
living sac in the side, to swell or shrink, according as the circulation required 
more or less of the circulating fluid. 
I fondle this latter theory myself, and like to call it mine. Whose it really is, 
I do not know. Perhaps the erudite editors will kindly add a footnote and say 
what they think the spleen is good for beyond serving as the anatomical wherea- 
bouts of that enigmatical something that supposedly sends my dear fellow- 
countrymen in shoals off London Bridge into the Thames on a rainy or foggy 144 
CEANOTHUS VIRGINIANA. 
day—I mean, of course, le spleen ! This great bugbear of our Gallic and Germanic 
brethren—as applied to ourselves bien entendu ! for they consider it essentially a 
morbus Anglicus, just as we like to think it is principally those naughty French 
who commit suicide—is really only another name for being “ hipped,” or suffer- 
ing from an attack of hypochondriasis, and there cannot be any sound reason for 
refusing it a habitat under the left ribs, since so many have welcomed it under 
the right ones. 
My first and only literary acquaintance with Ceanothus Americanus is the very 
short empirical account of it in Hale’s “ New Remedies,” which I read some five 
or six years ago. Previously I had frequently felt a difficulty in treating a pain 
in the left side, having its seat, apparently, in the spleen. Myrtis communis has 
a pain in the left side, but that is high up under the clavicle; the pain that is a 
little lower is the property of Sumbul; still lower of Acidum fluoricum; a little 
further to the left of Acidum oxalicum; more to the right of Aurum; right under 
the left breast of Cimicifuga rac. 
These remedies promptly do their work when these left-sided pains are a part 
of the diseased picture, but they will not touch the pain that is deep in behind 
the ribs of the left side; more superficially Bryonia has it; a little deeper than 
Bryonia, Pulsatilla nuttal. will touch it; and so will Juglans regia, which poor Clo- 
tliar Muller proved as a student. But the real splenitic stitch requires China, Che- 
lidonium, Berberis, Chininum sulfuricum, or Conium, or Ceanothus Americanus. 
Some years since I treated a lady in Chester for “ violent vomiting, pain all up 
the left side, cough, with expectoration, profuse perspirations, and fever.” She 
was not a Cestrian, but came only for a short visit, and took lodgings in a small 
house facing a meadow on the banks of the Dee ; the locality was at one time a 
part of the port of Chester, but was many years ago reclaimed. At my first visit 
she told me she often got inflammation on the chest with cough, and finding con- 
siderable fever, cough, pain in the left side, and dulness on percussion of the 
same side, I quickly ticketed it pleuropneumonia sinistra, and gave Acidum oxalicum, 
which seemed to cover all the symptoms, and to correspond also to the supposed 
pathological state within. Oxalic acid somewhat relieved the vomiting, but noth- 
ing more, and I then gave various remedies, such as Aconite, Bryonia, Phos., Ipec., 
and thus elapsed about three weeks, but patient remained as ill as ever. Then I 
went into the case with very great care, and examined my patient very thoroughly, 
and, see, there was inflammation of the spleen. I gave her Ceanothus Americanus 
in a low dilution, and all the symptoms, subjective and objective, disappeared 
right off, and my previously ill-treated patient was sitting up in a week, and quite 
well in a few more days. I had never before met with splenitis in the acute form, 
and have never since met with it. 
A few cases of Aironic pains in the spleen occurred subsequently in my Chester 
practice, and they rapidly yielded to Ceanothus, one of which I well remember ; 
it is this: 
Chronic Splenitis.—A young lady of about 26 consulted me for a chronic swell- 
ing in the left side under the ribs, with considerable cutting pain in it. She 
stated that it was worse in cold damp weather and she always felt chilly; the 
chilliness was so severe and long lasting that she had spent the greater part of 
her time during the previous winter sitting at the fireside, and now she was look- 
ing forward to the winter with perfect dread. In the summer she had felt nearly CEANOTHUS VIKGINIANA. 
145 
well, but the lump and the chilliness and pain nevertheless persisted, but it be- 
ing warm she did not heed it much, it being quite bearable. 
Ceanothus Americanus quite cured her of all her symptoms, and subsequent ob- 
servation proved its permanency. Often during the following winter she called 
my attention to the fact that she was not chilly and felt well. 
One of the first cases I treated at the Wirral Homoeopathic Dispensary in 
Birkenhead was that of a young man somewhat similarly suffering. 
Chronic Splenitis.—This young man was sent to the dispensary by the then 
manager of Messrs. Thompson and Capper’s Birkenhead establishment, and was 
occupied in the Liverpool post-office in some light but ill-paid employment. His 
whole trouble consisted in severe pain in the left side in the region of the spleen, and 
he had long vainly sought relief of many, probably at dispensaries. He there- 
fore put in an early appearance at my new dispensary to try the new doctor, 
probably on the well-known principle of the new broom. He had become quite 
low-spirited and began to fear he would become totally unfit for work, and natu- 
rally that was a very serious matter for a young married man. He told me he 
had formerly helped his wife in her household matters, doing the heavy rough 
work, but the pain in his side had now become so bad that he could not carry a 
bucket of water into the house or even sweep up their little yard, as handling the 
broom pained him so dreadfully. I was pressed for time, and prescribed Ceanothus 
Americanus in pilules of a low dilution, and promised to go into his case that day 
week, meaning to percuss the part and ascertain whether the spleen was enlarged. 
He returned that day week almost well, and the following week was quite well. 
At my request he again reported himself some time afterwards, and he still con- 
tinued well. 
I resolved to begin my next case with the physical examination. My next case 
was this— 
Chronic Hypertrophy of the Spleen.—A middle-aged lady consulted me shortly 
after the above case, for a severe pain in the left side and a large swelling in the same 
position. Bemembering the last case I said I must examine the side. She ob- 
jected, so I declined to treat her; then she said she would think about it and con- 
sult with her husband on the subject. In a fortnight or so she returned (driven 
by the severe pain in the side), and I examined the side and found an enormous 
spleen occupying the entire left hypochondrium, and reaching interiorly to about 
an inch above the crest of the ilium; it bulged towards the median line and ran 
off to an angle literally. It was of long standing. 
Gave Ceanothus Americanus in a low dilution. 
This lady being very intelligent I begged she would allow me to examine the 
side again after I had finished the treatment. She promised to comply. 
Fourteen days after this she came full of gratitude and reported that the swell- 
ing was smaller and the pain considerably less. 
To continue the medicine. She never consulted me again, but as she was a 
near neighbor of mine I often saw her, and somewhat six months afterwards she 
called to pay my fee, and then informed me that she had soon got rid of the pain 
entirely and the swelling was much smaller, so she had discontinued the medi- 
cine altogether, and did not deem it needful to trouble me again. 
This is the usual thing. People will not be at the trouble of seeing the doc- 
tor as soon as they are better; they seem not to understand any interest one feels 146 
CEANOTHUS VIItGINIANA. 
in the case. We can only make periodical reliable examinations of patients in 
a hospital; in private practice it is extremely difficult, as all practitioners know 
to their chagrin. Still, faute de mieux, we must put up with those fragments. 
This patient had had no children, and had a very fresh complexion. 
My next case is also one of chronic hypertrophy of the spleen, though only about 
half the size of the one just narrated. Subject, a poor woman of about thirty or 
thirty-two years of age, whom I was requested to see by a very kindhearted 
benevolent lay minister well known in Birkenhead and the neighborhood. She 
is the mother of several children, very poor, ill-fed and overworked, but withal 
a good respectable woman and very clean. She had a considerable and very 
painful swelling in the left side under the ribs, that had been there for some 
time, and latterly she could not get up on account of the severe pain. I carefully 
examined the tumor and satisfied myself that it was a very much swelled spleen, 
and the pain seemed to me to be due to its pressing against the ribs. I marked 
its size on the skin with ink, made her engage not to wash off the ink-mark, and 
promised her I would call in a week, having first prescribed Ceanothus as in the 
other cases. But the fates were against my laudable plan, for I received a mes- 
sage, the day before my next visit was due, to the effect that Mrs. felt her- 
self so much better that she was up at her housework, and begged me not to call 
again, as she thought it unnecessary. 
Since then I have at times had cases of deepseated pain in the left side to 
treat, and have mostly found it yield to Ceanothus, though not always. In one 
case in which it failed the pain was cured with Berberis vulgaris. 
In one case of jaundice, characterized by very severe pain in the left side, I 
gave Ceanothus, with very prompt relief of the pain only ; Myrica cerifera then 
finished the icterus. Before giving the Ceanothus I had given Chelidonium 
majus. 
In one case of severe metrorrhagia, characterized by pain in the left hypo- 
chondrium, Ceanothus gave instant relief to the pain, and checked the haemor- 
rhage. It failed me in a subsequent similar attack in the same person, when 
Conium was effective, and was suggested by Dr. Thomas of Llandudno. 
Chronic Splenitis, Chills and Leucorrhoea.—Some four years since, perhaps a little 
more, I treated a lady of about 55. She complained of rigors at frequent inter- 
vals, and pain in the left side, both of long standing. 
The leucorrhoea had lasted some twenty years, and was profuse, thick, and 
yellow. She had been for years under the best allopathic physicians of Chester, 
and finally given up as beyond the reach of medical art, evidently on Moliere’s 
principle that “ nul n’aura de Vesprit que nous et nos amis.” Nevertheless, the 
patient bethought her of homoeopathy, and came under my care. Her last phy- 
sician had finally suspected cerebro-spinal mischief, and hinted at incipient 
paralysis. 
The pain in the side was the most prominent and distressing symptom, and 
for this I prescribed Ceanothus: In a month the pain was entirely cured, and 
also the leucorrhoea, while the cold feeling was very much diminished, but not 
quite cured. I have also never succeeded in quite curing it with any subsequent 
treatment. I watched the case for nearly four years, and am thus enabled to 
state that the pain in the side and the leucorrhoea never returned, and the chilli- 147 
CEANOTHUS VIKGINIANA. 
ness never again became very bad, but still she had it a little when I saw her 
last. 
Cases calling for this remedy are not very common with me, but every few 
weeks I meet with one. Thus, since coming to London, I have met with one 
such, viz., a girl, Ada, set. 14, who came under observation on Nov. 29, 1878, 
with pain in the left side for some months, and right-sided headache. She received 
Ceanothus 1 in pilules. 
Dec. 13. Cured of pain in left side, head better. Pergat. Did not return. 
Ceanothus Americanus never having been proved, at any rate as far as I know, 
I have always used it about 1* or 1, and sometimes in the mother tincture. 
Most of the persons with these splenitic disturbances, were in fair condition, 
and many complained of nothing else; many were women, and two of these 
were drunkards; many had “ chills,” but not all; none had ever had ague. 
As a first contribution to a proving, I will add two or three data. 
PATHOGENESIS OE CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS. 
1. It very frequently relaxes the bowels, and I have known this even amount 
to diarrhoea. 
2. Ceanothus Americanus 1, four drops in water three times a day was once 
given by me to a young lady (26) for severe pain and fulness in left side, with in- 
ability (for years) of lying on left side. In a few days she could lie comfortably on 
either side, and the pain in the side was said to be nearly well. This was my 
second visit, and I said go on with the medicine. She did, and I took these 
notes at my next visit: 
“ Had been taking it for about a fortnight, when one day I felt great nervous 
excitement, with chilliness, loss of appetite; felt as if the nerves were shaken, and 
one day at dinner could scarcely hold knife and fork.” The chilliness was 
chiefly down the back; she shivered with cold chills (i. e., rigors). 
Thinking these symptoms were due to the medicine, she left it off for two days, 
and the symptoms entirely passed off. Then she resumed the medicine for one 
day, and the same symptoms again appeared; she again discontinued the medi- 
cine, and again the symptoms ceased. Her bowels were relaxed. Subsequently 
her menses appeared ten days too early, and very profusely, a thing that had never 
happened before in her life, as her mamma informed me. 
I mentioned this medicine to Dr. K,. Hughes at the Manchester Congress, and 
Dr. Edward Madden and I partly agreed to prove it; I am not aware whether 
this gentleman has ever done it; if so, he has done more than I have in the 
matter ; still it is obviously worth proving, for our good spleen medicines are not 
very plentiful. 
I have several times had the honor of calling attention to Ceanothus Ameri- 
canus at the various meetings of the Liverpool Homoeopathic Medico-Chirurgical 
Society, but do not remember ever hearing any of the members mention having 
used it; they probably never need it, or very properly object to using an unproved 
drug as a remedy. Also as no notice of it ever appears in our journals it is 
probable that it is not a usual remedy with the profession. 
We are overwhelmed with new remedies, and certainly need rather a better 
knowledge of what we have than the addition of any fresh ones. I therefore 148 
CERASUS VIRGINIANA. 
think it would be a useful undertaking for some one to prove the needlessness of 
Ceanothus by showing how deepsealed pain in the left hypochondrium, acute and 
chronic splenitis, hypertrophy of the spleen, etc., can be more promptly cured than I 
here show. Some one living in a malarious district would have a good oppor- 
tunity of showing its worthlessness in ague cases also. 
CERASUS VIRGINIANA. 
This tree, the inner bark of which is officinal, is also known as 
Prunus virginiana. There is another species known to botanists 
as Cerasus serotina (Prunus serotina). The latter is the common 
black wild cherry; the former a red wild cherry, known as “ choke 
cherry.” 
The plum and cherry family, as well as the peach and apricot, 
the bitter almond, and laurocerasus, all contain the elements from 
which hydrocyanic acid is evolved. 
When properly prepared the infusions or tinctures of these 
agents all contain that acid, upon the presence of which nearly all 
of their peculiar effects on the heart depend. But the cherry 
family also contains Tannin, and a peculiar bitter principle, which 
resembles Cinchona somewhat. A cold infusion of the inner 
bark is the best preparation. If prepared by heat the acid is not 
formed. A tincture may be made which contains all its active 
principles; but the fluid extracts and the so-called prunin and 
cerasin are frauds. They contain only the tannin and bitter 
principle. 
From time immemorial the cold infusion has been in use for 
irregular and intermittent action of the heart, with deficient impulse. 
For this condition Hydrocyanic acid, Laurocerasus, Iberis and 
Amygdala are primarily homoeopathic; and Digitalis, Lycopus 
and Collinsonia are secondarily homoeopathic. 
With the cold infusion in tablespoonful doses I have frequently 
removed the above abnormal condition of the heart’s action; also 
the cough sympathetic with functional or organic disease of the 
heart. 
It is a valuable palliative in quick, weak pulse, during conva- 
lescence from disease; during phthisis; and in hypertrophy of the 
heart with dilatation. 
The tincture made with dilute alcohol has been useful in my 
practice for dyspepsia with tendency to acidity of the stomach; in CERASUS VIRGINIANA—CEDRON. 
149 
slow digestion with pyrosis ; loss of appetite, etc. It is all the more 
indicated in these affections if they are attended by weak, irritable 
heart. I have found it much more efficacious when Pepsin (the 
saccharated powder) is given before each meal, followed by the 
Cerasus after meals. 
I have known cases where excessive quantities of the infusion 
have caused a fulness, and a dull, heavy feeling in the head. 
This may have been due to the cardiac tonicity which it caused, 
and implies that we should not give the lower dilutions in con- 
centric hypertrophy of the heart, or when real fever is present. 
In the higher dilutions it might prove useful for the symptoms 
mentioned. 
CEDRON, 
Cedron is the seed of the fruit of the Simaruba Cedron,—accord- 
ing to Hooker’s London Journal of Botany. 
Teste’s “Materia Medica,” p. 577. 
“North American Journal of Homoeopathy,” vol. viii, p. 120. 
“Monthly Homoeopathic Review” (London), vol. v, pp. 164, 
208, 251; vol. vi, pp. 71, 136, 203. 
“New Remedies, Symptomatology of,” 4th edition. 
According to Dr. S. A. Jones, in the latter work: 
The earliest mention of the Cedron is found in the “ History 
of the Buccaneers,” A. D. 1699. 
The native Indians first offered the seeds for sale in Carthagena 
in 1828. 
Analogues. Arnica, Cinchona, Cornus, Cimicifuga, Eucalyptus, 
Eupatorium perf., Gelseminum, Nux vom., Sepia, Sanguinaria. It 
has some analogous relations to Pulsatilla, Chelidonium, Lachesis, 
and other polychrests. 
The sphere of action of Cedron appears to include both the 
cerebro-spinal and sympathetic systems, and is a decided “anti- 
periodic” remedy. 
“Its chief characteristic is a periodicity, which is often clock-like 
in its regularity.” (Dr. S. A. Jones.) 
The clinical uses of Cedron have been mainly confined to obsti- 
nate intermittents, which resist the usual ague remedies. After the ap- 
pearance of Teste’s “ Materia Medica,” the demand for it was very 150 
CEDRON. 
large, especially from Western and Southern physicians. At that 
time a few clinical reports were published favorable to its efficacy 
in ague; but very many failures were also reported. It did not 
give general satisfaction. But now that we have a fuller patho- 
genesis, it will probably be selected with greater certainty. The 
general opinion, with which I coincide, is that cerebral congestion 
is one of the keynotes for its use in ague. To illustrate this, I 
copy some of the head symptoms collected by Dr. Jones, and 
published in the 4th edition of “New Remedies.” 
“Head dull and heavy in the morning; distensive headache, 
increased during the night; temporal arteries enlarged ; bending 
the head backward, with pressure on the occiput and parietal re- 
gions, as if these parts were going to burst; forehead cold, as if 
it were empty, in the morning.” All these symptoms were more 
marked in the women than in the men. 
“ Pressure at the right temple, causing a dull pain in the whole 
right side of the head, disappears wholly toward noon ; heaviness 
in the head ; headache increases in the open air (toward 9 A.M.); 
pressive pain over the eyes, as if a band were tied round the 
parts; pressure at the top of the head, slight in the daytime, some- 
what violent just at the moment when the shivering begins; it 
never wholly ceased during the whole proving; towards 6p.m. 
shuddering, soon followed by a dull and heavy frontal headache, 
spreading to both parietal regions; pulsating sensation in the 
temple, and a twisting pain behind the right ear, changing to a 
dull pain and extending to the temples; head felt as if swollen; 
whole head feels swollen and heavy, most on the right side; 
pressure on the occiput in the morning; in the forenoon, occa- 
sional sharp jerking pains in the occiput; successive sharp pains 
in the occiput, abdomen, and lower limbs. These pains in the 
head are dull, except those in the occiput, which are acute. At 
10 p.m. dull pain in the top of the head, with sharp flying pains 
in all the joints of the extremities, worse in the feet, particularly 
the first joint of the great toe; awoke late A.M., after a sound 
sleep, with dull pain in the vertex; awoke with dull pain in the 
whole upper head; throbbing in the temples; throbbing in the 
temples increasing to pain; pain across the forehead, over the 
eyes, from temple to temple; beating in the temples, increasing CEDKON. 
151 
to pain and extending over the ears; throbbing in the temples, 
increasing to pain, and extending over the eyes ; throbbing pain in 
the head, commencing in the temples and extending around the 
forehead; sharp pain in the occiput; dull pain in the vertex ; 
pain over the ears; headache, especially in the bottom of the 
orbits (compelling him to close the eyes), and extending to the 
occiput.” 
The resemblance to the China headache is very marked. 
These headaches are decidedly periodic, and the following clini- 
cal cases illustrate its efficacy in this direction : 
1. Tearing, shooting pain on the left orbit, extending to the 
inner canthi and to the superciliary ridge of the os frontis. This 
pain came only post coitu, and when the circumstance had occurred 
which gave rise to it, his sufferings were so intense on waking in 
the morning that he was compelled to keep his room for several 
days, and was unable to eat or drink during the greater part of 
that time. 2. A similar pain over the left eye followed involun- 
tary nocturnal spermaperthy in the case of a woman ; pain came 
on when waking in the morning, and was very severe until noon. 
3. Chronic intermittent headaches, with shooting and pressing 
pains in different parts of the head, recurring at certain periods of 
the day or night. 
The eye-symptoms somewhat resemble those of Gelseminum ; 
also Pulsatilla and Cimicifuga. 
“ Eyes protruding and red, with pressive pain extending to the 
forehead; pupils fixed and dilated ; objects appear red at night 
and yellow in the daytime; eyelids injected bright red, and pain- 
ful when pressed ; enlargement of the meibomian glands and con- 
junctiva ; smarting in the eyes, especially w'hen closing them ; 
sensation in the eyes as if one had wrept a good deal; itching of 
the eyes ; dimness of the sight; the left eyelid seemed dried to 
the ball; conjunctiva inflamed and dry ; when exposed to the air 
the eyes feel dry ; eyes felt swollen ; misty vision, as from thick 
smoke ; dizzy, could not see to light a candle, and could not tell 
when it was lighted.” 
It has cured ° flashes of light before the eyes; 0 dull appear- 
ance of the eyes; 0 tumid face, with pupils much dilated ; ° a pe- 152 
CEDRON. 
culiar, unsteady, glistening appearance of the eyes, and intoler- 
ance of light. 
It has many of the ear-symptoms of China : 
Singing in the ears as of crickets; buzzing of the ears toward 
noon ; hardness of hearing at night; it antidotes the effects of Sul- 
phate of quinine on the auditory nerves. 
Its value in facial neuralgia is substantiated by the following 
clinical cases: 
° Prosopalgia, more frequently in women than in men, generally 
on the right side, recurring in regular paroxysms of indefinite 
duration, with spasmodic distortion of the muscles corresponding 
to the affected region (the zygomatic process almost always). 
° Chronic intermittent prosopalgia always coming on at 7 or 8 p.m., 
and lasting from two to four hours. 
“ In facial, especially supraorbital neuralgia, in more than one 
instance a single dose was sufficient where the periodicity was well 
marked.” Dr. Liebold, “ New York Journal of Homoeopathy,” 
vol. i, p. 362. 
Its action on the throat is quite specific. The following case 
contains its peculiar symptoms: 
° Mouth and tongue very dry; difficulty of speech ; great thirst 
all the time; painful pricking of the tongue, with a sensation of 
heat; she felt at times as if the tongue was paralyzed; face pale ; 
deep-sunken eyes; odontalgia every night; fetid breath; lips 
cold, bluish, dry; now and then slight bleeding of the gums. 
These symptoms appeared only with the catamenia, and lasted as 
long as that discharge, at the termination of which she had a 
profuse ptyalism and leucorrhoeal flow. 
The gastric symptoms remind one of Arnica, especially in the 
amelioration by eating, thus : 
Eructations of bitter wind from the stomach before rising in 
A.M., with dull pain in the temples; sensation as of a stone on 
the stomach ; rolling pain in the stomach ; sensation of heat and 
fulness in the stomach ; distension of the stomach and disposition 
to nausea, generally aggravated by rest, but relieved by walking, 
and by eating; ° uncomfortable feeling of the stomach, which 
obliged him to lie down; great sensitiveness of the prsecordial 
region ; pulse small and hard; dryness of the mouth and fauces; CEDRON. 
153 
depressed spirits and inquietude relieved by food and drink. These 
symptoms appeared every day from 10 to 11 a.m., lasted from one 
to two hours, after which there was prostration of body and mind 
for an hour or two. 
The following cases illustrate its curative power over abnormal 
stools and urine; it ought to be useful in cholera infantum, with 
tendency to brain trouble: 
° Semiliquid, whit sh feces, somewhat like starch; white, frothy, 
and papescent evacuat’ons immediately after meals, accompanied 
with slight colic and discharge of inodorous wind; ° involuntary 
discharge of urine and fseces. 
° Scanty urine; profuse emissions of watery urine; frequent 
emission of large quantities of pale urine; frequent ineffectual 
urging to urinate ; dark urine with sediment; urine of a dark-red 
color; scanty urine and deep yellow color; frequent desire to 
urinate; ° urine very high-colored ; ° urine precipitates a branlike 
sediment; 0 involuntary emission of urine; ° a great deal of pain 
in the kidney. 
. The genital symptoms are not as prominent as the cures alleged 
to be made, namely : 
° A tic-like pain over the left eye, for more than thirteen years, 
with the singular circumstance that such a pain never came on 
except postcoitu (radically cured in 3 days); ° involuntary noc- 
turnal spermaperthy (in a woman). ° Post coitum, irregular and 
uncontrollable movements of the left upper and lower extremities, 
and of some portions of the face, manifested by grimaces and con- 
tortions of different kinds; these symptoms lasted from fifteen to 
twenty minutes. She could not speak without stammering, and 
her respiration was very much affected. She also had involuntary 
discharge of urine and feces at times during the attack [choreic). 
° Leucorrhoea regularly every month, five or six days previous 
to the appearance of the catamenia, with pain in the uterus and 
enlargement of the vulva; ° leucorrhoeal discharge appearing in 
the place of the catamenia. Menstrual epilepsy (epileptoid con- 
vulsions), precursory symptoms of which were manifested pre- 
cisely the same day that the catamenia commenced ; vertigo, tin- 
nitus aurium, and irregularity in the action of the heart; then the 
aura epileptiea, followed with loss of consciousness and falling; a 
VOL. II.—11 154 
CEDEON. 
distressing cry, now and then alternated with risus sardonicus and 
slight foaming at the mouth during the attack. ° Epileptiform 
eclampsia (hysteria); attacks came on regularly twice a day, morn- 
ing and evening, at the same hours, with these symptoms : intense 
pain in the forehead ; tumid face, with pupils much dilated ; then 
a feeling of giddiness, resulting in her falling down in the most 
distressing convulsions ; insensibility, closed teeth, and frothy se- 
cretions from the mouth ; difficult respiration, irregular pulse, and 
palpitation of the heart—the whole lasting for six or eight min- 
utes. On recovering consciousness she felt very weak, and dis- 
charged a large quantity of inodorous urine as clear as pure water 
(primipara, in seventh month of utero-gestation). 
The nerves of the larynx are evidently irritated by the drug, re- 
minding us of the action of Lachesis and other serpent poisons. 
(It is considered almost a panacea for the bites of serpents in the 
countries where it grows.) 
° Larynx constricted and tender; difficuly of swallowing; diffi- 
cult respiration with partial loss of voice recurring at inters’als ; 
° breath cold; ° hurried respiration and feeling of suffocation in the 
throat; 0 chronic intermittent laryngitis, the attack comes on 
every evening, with shivering chills, lasts about two hours, termi- 
nates with a profuse perspiration ; 0 suffocating fits regularly every 
day from 10 to 12 o’clock; there are sensations of choking or 
stifling; difficulty of breathing, obliging her to stand in an erect 
position; enlargement of the tonsils during the attack, with red- 
ness of the velum palati, and constant need of swallowing—all 
these symptoms were aggravated after sleeping, and mitigated by 
eating; ° troublesome cough, coming on regularly every morn- 
ing at about 6 o’clock, and lasting from two to three hours; the 
patient was perfectly free from it during the rest of the day. 
We see the similarity to Lachesis again in its effects on the 
cardiac nerves, especially on the accelerators and regulating nerves. 
Oppression of the chest and throbbing of the heart; oppres- 
sive pain in the chest every now and then, extending to the back, 
with frequent desire to moan and take a long breath ; palpitation 
of the heart and hurried breathing, with headache; pulse increased 
from 12 to 15 impulses per minute, in from twenty to thirty 
minutes after the dose. (This was a constant phenomenon in all CEDEON. 
155 
the American provers—three women and two men. The doses 
were from one to three drops of the matrix.) 
° It has cured irregularity in the action of the heart; 0 irregu- 
lar pulse and palpitation of the heart; ° rapid intermittent pulse, 
impossible to reckon the strokes; also, palpitation of the heart, 
rapid and intermittent. The oppression of the chest and throbbing 
of the heart occurred in nearly all the provers in whom febrile 
paroxysms were developed. 
Many of the symptoms of the spinal region, such as “stiff-neck,” 
“ pain all along the spine,” verified by cures, point to its hornoeo- 
pathicity and possible usefulness in cerebrospinal meningitis, es- 
pecially when the cerebral, laryngeal, febrile, and spasmodic symp- 
toms correspond. 
I quote the fever symptoms in full, as a guide to its future ad- 
ministration in ague: 
1. Feverish paroxysms every day in some provers, every other 
day in others, toward 8 p.m., preceded by depressed spirits, dul- 
lness of the senses, and pressive headache at noon; cramps, then 
contracting and tearing pains in the upper and lower extremities, 
with a cold sensation in the hands and feet; mouth dry, great 
thirst,and desire for cold water; chills and shivering; sometimes 
very strong shuddering of the whole body; palpitation of the 
heart and hurried respiration ; pulse weak and oppressed. These 
symptoms lasted from one to two hours, varied much in intensity, 
and were followed by a sensation of dry heat, and then of profuse 
perspiration, full and quick pulse, with animated red face; cold 
and pale in the apyrexia; thirst and desire for warm drinks. 
2. At 3 o’clock, p.m., shuddering all over the body, with ma- 
laise and desire to lie down ; the shuddering is renewed by motion; 
hands, feet, and nose are cold; flying heat in the face several 
times; lastly, toward 6 o’clock in the morning, constant heat in 
the face, which looks animated, with smarting in the eyes, es- 
pecially when closing them; lips dry, with desire to moisten them 
often; headache, especially in the bottom of the orbits, compelling 
him to close the eyes, and extending to the occiput. While this 
congestion of the head lasts, the shuddering continues all the 
time; the hands, feet, and nose remain cold ; urine of a dark-red 
color. 156 
CEDRON. 
3. Toward 6 o’clock in the evening (immediately after dinner) 
cold all over; shuddering in the back, icy coldness in the feet; 
the hands are burning; sensation in the eyes as if one had wept a 
good deal. In the evening toward half past six, half an hour after 
dinner, shuddering in the back and legs; unusual paleness of the 
hands; red face; heaviness of the head; stretching toward seven 
in the evening; general coldness all evening; increase of the head- 
ache in the open air (toward 9 o’clock); pressive pain over the 
eyes as of a band of iron tied round the parts; no thirst dur- 
ing the shuddering; dry heat at night. At 6.30 P.M., feverish 
paroxysms with itching in the eyes, which is only stopped for 
a moment by rubbing; laming and weary pains in the shoulders; 
profuse emission of watery urine. Toward 5.30 P.M., prick- 
ings in the tongue; itching of the eyes; half an hour later 
shiverings, with heat of the face, hands pale, feet and tip of the 
nose cold. Towards 6 P.M., shuddering, soon followed by a dull 
and heavy frontal headache, spreading to both parietal regions 
with redness of the eyes, itching of the internal and external sur- 
faces of the eyelids; icy coldness of the hands and tip of the nose, 
even in the midst of the febrile reaction (the pulse is 80), the rest 
of the face is red and burning; lastly, dimness of sight, dilatation 
of the pupils; objects look red; mouth dry, with thick, viscous 
saliva; constriction of the throat, which scarcely allows her to 
swallow the saliva; anxiety, restlessness, general malaise. 
The medicine being taken by healthy provers, was generally 
followed by— 
1st. A certain state of mental excitement, and augmentation of 
vital energy; florid face, and a sensation of heat throughout the 
body; full and strong pulse; more or less perspiration, and no 
thirst. 
This group lasted from twenty to forty minutes in some, and 
disappeared after that time to return no more, without any other 
abnormal manifestation in their health ; whilst in others the symp- 
toms were prolonged from one to two hours, and were followed 
by— 
2d. Depressed spirits; dulness of the senses, and torpor of the 
mental faeulties; general debility, languor, and faintings in some. 
When these symptoms are followed by those of the first group, 157 
CEDRON CHELIDONIUM. 
the phenomena of both sets are often repeated, and at certain in- 
tervals of time; but neither of the two occur periodically, unless 
when they are together. Nor are they absolutely concomitant to 
pyrexia; for the paroxysms generally take place without them, as 
in the natural disease. It is for this reason that such phenomena 
were disconnected from the category of the physical group; but 
whenever pyrexia occurs, or follows that condition, the symptoms, 
after weakness of the body and mind, are as follows: 
3d. Great thirst; yawning; cramps and painful feelings of 
contraction in the lower extremities; cold sensation in hands and 
feet; chills and shivering of the whole body; palpitation of the 
heart; pulse weak and oppressed; hurried respiration; chattering 
of the teeth and shaking of the whole body; scanty and highly- 
colored urine; slight nausea in some, with yellow color of the skin 
and face in others; great debility; dilated pupils and confused 
sight. These symptoms lasted from one to two hours, and varied 
much in their intensity; after which— 
4th. Dry heat follows, with full and quick pulse; animated 
face; profuse perspiration ; longing for cold in some, and for warm 
drinks in others; and discharge of pale urine in large quantities. 
These symptoms lasted from two to three hours, and were gener- 
ally followed by a desire to sleep. The provers felt as if they 
were contused ; sound sleep in some, and somewhat agitated in 
others during the night. 
The apyrexia generally lasted from fifteen to seventeen hours, 
after which, and in about the same time as the previous day, the 
paroxysms were repeated as per group third, and continued almost 
quotidian. 
CHELIDONIUM. 
This plant—the Great Celandine—belongs to the family of 
Papaveracece, to which also belongs Papaver (Opium), Sanguina- 
ria (Blood-root), Argemone, Stytophorum, and Glaucium—all 
members of the above family, and growing wild in the United 
States. 
When the critics reviewed the third edition of my “New Reme- 
dies,” they disputed my statement that no complete pathogenesis 
had ever before been published. But I was right. In the “ Symp- 158 
CHELIDONIUM. 
tomen Codex ” was a brief pathogenesis which had been partially- 
copied by Lippe; while my pathogenesis was made up from 
Bachman’s splendid provings, found in the twenty-third volume 
of the “British Journal of Homoeopathy,” together with pre- 
vious provings and clinical cases scattered through our journals. 
Teste’s provings and observations were referred to, although I 
consider them of but little value. 
The chemical analysis of Chelidonium is of some interest. It 
contains Chelidonic acid, which with Malic acid is combined with 
the organic bases and lime in the plant itself. 
It contains a principle called Chelerythrin, which is also found 
in Sanguinaria and Glaueium. 
I believe we can trace pathogenetic affinities between all the 
plants of this (Poppy) family, especially between the Chelidonium 
and Sanguinaria. 
The sphere of action of Chelidonium includes the liver, portal 
system, lungs, and kidneys. 
Voigt, in “Lehrbuch der Pharmacodynamik,” 1838, gives, in 
the language of that day7, a good idea of its action: “ It causes 
an increased secretion from the outer skin and kidneys, especially 
a more active circulation of the fluids of the portal system, and in 
the lymphatic vessels, and the abdominal glands ; and, in gen- 
eral, a more active metamorphosis of the vegetative organs of the 
abdomen.” 
Rademacher, a close observer, says it acts on the internal struc- 
ture of the liver, and he believes that all its general effects are due 
to this specific action. 
It was proven by7 Buchman and others, with the mother tinc- 
ture in massive doses, and in the 6th dilution. 
In Buchman’s summing up of its physiological effects, he says: 
“The power of exciting the whole arterial and capillary sy7stem is 
possessed by Chelid., in common with Aconite, as appears from the 
great similarity of the febrile symptoms, but it does not agree 
with the transient character of the action of Aconite on the vascu- 
lar system. This is especially evident from its effects on the vena 
porta and its functions, inasmuch as it calls forth all the phenom- 
ena of fully developed abdominal plethora. This effect is al- 
ways, for the most part, produced by defective circulation in the CHELIDONIUM. 
159 
liver, and continual catarrhal excitement of the mucous membrane 
of the abdominal viscera. There is no room to doubt that the at- 
tacks of palpitation, slowness of the pulse (50), the distension of the 
veins of the hands, the paralysis, weight, and stiffness of the limbs, 
and the coldness of the extremities, the oedematous swelling of the 
legs, dull pains in the head, vertigo, pressure in the occiput, pains 
in the back and sacrum ; weakness, indolence, irritability, ill- 
humor, alternation of diarrhoea with costiveness, fits of colic, yel- 
low-gray color of the skin, renewal of the symptoms on change of 
weather, etc., are to be referred to a congestive retention of blood in 
the portal system, and the hyperaemia thereby determined in the 
abdominal organs. 
In the cutaneous system it is primarily the mucous membranes 
upon which this medicine acts, by exciting catarrhal inflammation. 
We have accordingly observed catarrhal inflammation of the eyes, 
nostrils, larynx, and bronchial tubes. Even the stomach and ali- 
mentary canal, and mucous membranes of the female sexual organs, 
partake of this catarrhal inflammation. It extends also to the 
mucous lining of the canals through which flow the gall and 
urine. 
We find three different conditions of the secretion of bile caused 
by the Chelidonium. 
(1.) Diminished secretion. We find, e. g., light, gray, or yel- 
lowish-white stools, without deposit.of biliary coloring-matter in 
the skin, and without separation by the urine. 
(2.) Suppressed secretion, with resorption into the blood. 
(3.) Absorption, without stopping its escape into the intestinal 
canal. 
The urine in most cases was sour to the smell, and reddened 
litmus-paper like a powerful acid. In intimate connection with 
the increased acidity of the urine we find a diminution of the acid 
of the stomach. 
Analogues.—Buchman says : “ Its symptoms combine a great 
part of those of Bryonia and Arsenic. It is allied to Arnica, Nux 
vomica, Ledum, Thuja, Nitric acid, and Sulph. acid ; ” to which I 
shall add Agaricus, .iEsculus, Benzoic acid, Carduus, Lycopodium, 
Leptandra, Mercurius, Podophyllum, Phosphorus, and Sanguin- 
aria (Chionanthus) ? 160 
CHELIDONIUM. 
Clinical Observations.—Buchman gives a list of what might be 
termed pathological keynotes, for the use of Chelid., namely: 
Vertigo, stumbling, dizzy confusion of the head ; trembling and 
twitching in the limbs; grayish-yellow (sallow) amber counte- 
nance; increased secretion of the meibomian glands; inflamed 
sebaceous glands; so-called worms in the face; heat in the face; 
fits of rigor in the evening; cold extremities; restless sleep before 
midnight; dreams about corpses and funerals; sweat in morning; 
being terrified out of sleep by the urinal sufferings ; cessation of 
the sufferings after dinner ; drowsiness during the day ; shortness 
of breath and anxiety, relieved by eructation ; a feeling of con- 
striction, tension, and sensitiveness in the region of stomach and 
right hypochondria; dryness in the throat; nausea, and dislike 
for flesh-meat; bright-colored (yellow) slimy stools; sour-smelling, 
reddish, and turbid urine. 
Buchman thinks it especially indicated in spare subjects, where 
there exists a disposition to abdominal plethora, cutaneous disease, 
catarrh, and neuralgia. He agrees with Teste, that it acts with 
special effect upon persons of blonde complexion. (Bry. for dark 
complexion.) 
Chelidonium is certainly not used by homoeopathists as much 
as its merits demand. Its pathogenesis, as recorded in the “ British 
Journal/’ vol. xxiv, 18G6, contains many very important symp- 
toms, which point to very decided pathological conditions. It 
could be prescribed successfully (perhaps more successfully) in many 
cases where we think Nux vomica, Bryonia, Mercurius, and Iris 
are indicated. 
In certain forms of headache it is indispensable. It is indicated 
particularly in bilious headache, or those which arise from a defi- 
ciency in the eliminating function of the liver. The characteristic 
symptoms are: 
“ Tension of the head as from a bandage close over the eye- 
brows, as if the head was compressed ; or, 
“ Weight on the head, as if bound or compressed in a vise. 
“ Violent 'pulsating pains from the nape and occiput to temples 
and forehead (Sanguinaria also). 
“Great pain in the head, pressing from within outwards, espe- 161 
CHELIDONIUM. 
dally towards the forehead, as if everything was falling out (like 
Bryonia). 
“ Pressure and weight in the occiput, with painful throbbing 
there ; this weight is so great that the head can hardly be lifted 
from the pillow (Silica, Eupat. perf., Bromides).” 
The headaches are generally increased by fresh air (contra 
by cough, blowing the nose, stooping (Bry., Ferr.); relieved by eat- 
ing (contra Nux). 
Concomitants.— Vertigo, feeling of congestion, flickering, and 
bright or dark spots before the eyes ; white or gray coated tongue ; 
nausea, retching and vomiting of tough mucus. 
“ In some sick headaches,” or “neuralgic headaches’’ it is very 
useful. 
In periodic neuralgic headache located in the region of the eye- 
brow and temple, especially of the right side, it has effected some 
brilliant cures. In vol. xx, “British Journal of Homoeopathy,” 
page 47, Dr. Ferivat, of Madrid, reports Jive cases of neuralgia of 
the eyebrow and temple (four in the right, one in the left), marked 
by the following symptoms : 
“ Shivering, followed by pulsating pains in the eyebrow and 
temple, occurring at the same hour every day (on getting out of 
bed at 9 a.m., 11 a.m., 3 p.m.). 
“The pain, at first slight, increases gradually, until it becomes 
almost insupportable, driving the patient to distraction. There 
is a bruised sensation in the eye from the front to the back. The 
eye becomes red and watery, and very sensitive to the light. 
Aggravated by fresh air, moving, and holding down the head. 
Ameliorated a little by pressure. The attacks end with slight 
perspiration (often sour). Nux was used ineffectually, but Cheli- 
donium in the 2d and 3d dilution, every two hours, promptly 
arrested the paroxysms.” 
I have cured several cases similar to the above, but only when 
the neuralgia was won-malarial. If it is a form of masked ague 
Chelidonium will rarely cure, but generally Gelseminum, Quinia, 
Cedron, or Nux will have to be used. 
In diseases of the eye Chelidonium always had a reputation, even 
in the time of Dioscorides and Aristotle. 
Dr. Ferivat, above quoted, says: “I have often proved its effi- 162 
CHELIDONIUM. 
cacv in acute inflammations of the eyes, where they are swollen, in- 
jected, with a sensation of burning, as if from the presence of a 
foreign body. When there is excessive photophobia, lachrymation, 
abundant sebaceous secretion, agglutination of the eyelids in the 
morning; shiverings from time to time; pain, which generally ex- 
tern!*, not only to the forehead, but sometimes all over the head ; 
this pain, beginning to be felt towards 2 or 3 P.M., is at its height 
about 8 or 9, and prevents sleep, or even lying down, till nearly 
daybreak.” 
Amaurosis, in some of its varieties, may come under the cura- 
tive sphere of this medicine; also tinnitus aurium and other ner- 
vous affections of the ear. 
It is the value of Chelidonium as a remedy for diseases of the 
liver to which I wish particularly to call your attention. 
Its action on the liver is strongly marked in all the provings. It 
causes pain, both acute and dull, and tenderness of that organ; 
pain in the right shoulder (“ under the right scapula” is a key- 
symptom); stools either soft or bright yellow, or whitish and cos- 
tive ; deeply-tinged urine. In three the skin became yellow or 
dark, and in one regular jaundice was set up. 
Rademacher, who was a kind of embryo homoeopathist, declares 
Chelidonium to be a specific; in “ affections of the internal structure 
of the liver,” the symptoms of which he enumerates as follows: 
“ The perfect form of the internal hepatic disease is distin- 
guished by white, quite colorless faeces, as in jaundice, and by the 
complete absence of all the other symptoms of jaundice. The skin 
is, and continues white, and has not even a dirty appearance, and 
the urine is nearly straw-colored as in healthy persons.” (lie ad- 
mits that this disease is very rare. He only saw five cases in his 
practice.) “The unknown organ (in this disease) whereby the 
bile is formed from the blood is itself diseased ; no bile is present, 
none is therefore absorbed, none therefore deposited in the skin, 
or urine, consequently no jaundice.” 
I have never seen but one case of this peculiar disease. The 
patient died. Rademacher implies that he has cured cases of this 
nature with Chelidonium. 
But Chelidonium certainly cures cases of acute and chronic 
hepatitis, jaundice from absorption of bile, jaundice caused by CHELIDONIUM. 
163 
catarrh of the biliary ducts, jaundice from gallstones, jaundice com- 
plicated with pneumonia, and many other common and anomalous 
hepatic disorders. 
Rademacher, after using and observing the use of Chelidonium 
in massive doses, became afraid of it in such quantities (as did 
Hahnemann of other medicines), and reduced his doses to a few 
drops or fractions of a drop. He mentions one case of a jaun- 
diced patient who had previously taken a thimbleful of the juice 
four times a day, and the disease was thereby so much aggravated 
that the bright yellow of the skin had turned dark yellow, and 
the tension of the upper abdominal region was greatly increased. 
Fifteen drops of the tincture, three times a day, restored him with- 
out further trouble. 
In the “British Journal of Homoeopathy,” 1867, are recorded 
several cases of biliary calculi cured by large doses of Chelidonium. 
These cases were not ordinary ones, but obstinate, severe, and with 
dangerous symptoms. In every case the prompt curative action 
of the medicine was unmistakable. In my own practice, in 1869, 
one of the most protracted cases of gallstones on record (so far as 
my reading extends) came under my care. The patient was a gen- 
tleman, an old resident of Chicago. He had been jaundiced nearly 
two years, and during that time had suffered intolerably with 
“congestive chills,” terrible cardialgia, periodic; intense hepatic 
pains, and his appearance when I first saw him was frightful. He 
was bronze-yellow; emaciated in the extreme; urine scanty and 
nearly black; stool hard and white; total inability to retain food; 
pulse intermittent and almost imperceptible. Like the case above 
alluded to, he had been drugged constantly for the two years, 
without the slightest benefit, I began with two drops Tinc- 
ture of chelidonium every three hours, increasing it a drop each 
dose every day, until he took ten drops, when he was seized with 
intense pains in the gall-bladder, followed by the expulsion from 
the bowels of a stone, dumb-bell shaped, nearly an inch long and 
half an inch in diameter. He rapidly recovered. 
Induration of the liver was cured by Dr. Benedix with the Ex- 
tract of chelidonium, after the disease had lasted a year and a half, 
and had been (mal)treated by a host of drugs. 164 
CHELIDONIUM. 
Dr. Neidhard considers it an excellent remedy in hepatic dis- 
eases, and has reported several cores. 
You will find no better remedy, and none oftener indicated in 
the disorders of the liver met with in general practice. Study 
your cases carefully, and select the medicine with equal care, and 
avoid the routine treatment, so common, of giving Podophyllum 
or Mercurius in every case. In my opinion Chelidonium is oftener 
indicated than either of them. 
A disorder of the secretory functions of the liver, described by 
Flint under the name of Cholestercemia, may be successfully treated 
with Chelidonium. One case came under my care which closely 
resembled that disorder. Chelidonium lx removed the symptoms 
(like acute rheumatism) in a week. 
Buchman says he “ cured the fatty liver of a scrofulous girl, aged 
4,—the border of the organ extended as far as the navel, with ac- 
companying icterus,—in six weeks, by three doses of the 6th of 
Chelidonium.”(!) It is just possible the cure was one of nature’s 
making. 
The gastro-intestinal disorders in which Chelidonium may be used 
to advantage are comprised under two classes, namely, intestinal 
catarrh and bilious diarrhoea. Buchman gives several cases illus- 
trative of its action in the former disorder. It was not usually 
attended by pains in the abdomen; it occurred at night; was 
yellow-slimy or whitish-yellow; the face was pale or sallow; and 
there was much debility. 
The bilious diarrhoea was attended with much debility, but not 
much pain. 
My studies and experience with Chelidonium convince me that 
the action of Chelidonium on the liver and intestinal tract is as 
follows: 
Primary.—Irritation of the secretory function of the liver, with 
yellow fecal discharge, debility, etc., followed by yellow mucous 
diarrhoea, showing irritation of the intestinal mucous membrane- 
(6th.) 
Secondary.—Arrest of secretory function from overstimulation 
(reaction), or obstruction of hepatic ducts, with white stools, or 
brown, watery—with jaundice; urine brown or yellow, and sour 
(loaded with bile). (3d to 0.) 
It is important to understand this dual action, for thereupon CHELIDONIUM. 
165 
hinges the selection of the proper dose, which I have designated 
above. 
Bell, in his admirable monograph on diarrhoea, says “ theOhelido- 
nium diarrhoea is aggravated at night, ameliorated from (colic) wine, 
and attended by rumbling in the abdomen, both before, during, and 
after stool, with slimy, white-coated tongue, disgusting or bitter 
taste, desire for wine, milk, which agrees; for hot drinks, which 
agree; aversion to cheese and boiled meat.” I am of the opinion 
that the pain is not sufficiently mentioned, for it is not possible 
for a bilious diarrhoea or intestinal catarrh to be attended with 
only rumbling, and no pain. 
In the summer diarrhoea of children, I have found it at certain 
seasons one of the best of remedies. It is especially indicated in 
the diarrhoea which attends infantile pneumonia or capillary bron- 
chitis. Sanguinaria is also indicated here, although it has been 
but little used. 
Buchman was quite enthusiastic thatChelidonuim would prove 
a valuable renal remedy. He based his hopes on one proving,— 
his wife’s. Her symptoms were “ pressive pains in renal region, 
not confined to the kidneys, but extending to the ureters and 
bladder—accompanied by turbid urine.” He says he discovered 
“renal cylinders” in the urine, from which he divines a condition 
of “croupose inflammation, and consequent degeneration of the 
glandular epithelium.” “Just as in this proving, so in morbus 
Brightii, we found increased uric acid, diminished chloride of so- 
dium, and dissolved hcematin in pale-yellow, slightly turbid urine, 
which, when albumen is abundant, is colored reddish.” His wife 
had, also, other symptoms of Bright’s disease : “ (Edematous swell- 
ing of the extremeties, neuralgia in the region of the trigeminus 
and supraorbitalis.” 
Ho subsequent experience has been published in relation to 
Chelidonium in diseases of the kidneys. Buchman, however, gives 
one case with the following symptoms, which he removed with the 
6th: “Pain in the region of the kidneys, and in the head, with 
sparks before the eyes; urine reddish, turbid, containing fibrin, 
flakes, and sand.” 
I doubt if Chelidonium will prove a very valuable renal remedy. 
It certainly needs further proving in that direction. I am of the 166 
CHELIDONIUM. 
opinion that its renal symptoms mostly depend on the hepatic 
derangement it causes. 
Chelidonium is recommended by both Buchman and Teste in 
laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, influenza, whooping-cough, asthma, 
spasm of the glottis, endocarditis, pericarditis, pleurisy, typhoid fever, 
hcemorrhoids, worms, chorea, acute rheumatism, measles, erysipelas 
of the face, acne, eczema rubra, ulcers, and, finally, injuries (instead 
of Arnica). 
I do not propose to go into detail and examine the homoeopath- 
icity of the drug in these diseases. If you would investigate the 
extensive history of this medicine, I refer you to vols. xxiv and 
xxv of the “British Journal.” 
I will only say that the therapeutics of Chelidonium has been 
almost too elaborately worked up. It has a pathological keynote, 
which should be the guide, next to the totality of the symptoms, 
for its selection. That keynote I believe to be derangement of the 
hepatic system. 
I do not believe that Chelidonium is capable of causing idio- 
pathically all of the diseases mentioned above; but they may 
appear in some forms during the provings, if heroic enough, as 
concomitants of the central hepatic irritation. With this expla- 
nation, you will have no difficulty in adapting it to any of the 
diseases for which it is recommended. 
My experience with it in pneumonia is, that when the liver is 
implicated, and the right lung is affected, it will prove useful, if a 
yellow, slimy diarrhoea is found. 
In cardiac affections, consequent on hepatic derangements, it is 
a good remedy (on the contrary, if the hepatic trouble is caused 
by cardiac disorder, Digitalis). 
I have found it useful in haemorrhoids, in some phases of typhoid 
fever, and in influenza. 
I have not used it enough in whooping-cough to give any favor- 
able opinion of its virtues. It is highly praised by some. 
Dr. Clifton, of England, writing of his experience in dyspepsia, 
speaks highly of Chelidonium. He recommends it for the follow- 
ing conditions: 
1. Tongue dry and white. 
2. Appetite. (Desires and dislikes.) 167 
CHELIDONIUM. 
a. Desire for milk which produces comfort, though it formerly 
caused flatulence. 
b. Great longing for wine, which does not as before produce 
congestion and heat in the head. 
.c. Prefers hot things, dislikes those which are cold. 
d. Dislikes boiled flesh. 
e. Must eat more breakfast than usual, in order not to get faint 
before dinner. 
/. Disgusting taste; food tastes naturally. 
3. Eructations relieve nausea. 
4. Stomach, aching and gnawing pain in; constrictive feeling 
over, aggravated by pressure, but relieved by eating or during the 
early hours of digestion. 
5. Sensation of constriction and sensitiveness in the scrobiculus 
cordis and right hypochondrium. 
1. The first of these symptoms or “ characteristics ” relates to the 
tongue. All that is said of it is, that “ it is dry and white.” The 
description I would give of the Chelidonium tongue is, that it is 
moderately dry or moist, of a good natural color, but slightly 
coated white, and sometimes streaky, the shape of it being narrow 
and pointed. It has been, in cases of dyspepsia, where there are 
other symptoms indicating Chelidonium, that I have found the 
tongue to answer to this description. Where the liver is more 
affected, there is often a yellowish fur. 
2. Appetite, desires, dislikes to food. a. “Desire for milk, 
which does not cause flatulence as it used to do, but produces 
comfort.” In several cases of dyspepsia, where Chelidonium has 
been otherwise indicated, this symptom has been very marked. 
In all cases of dyspepsia where the appearance of the tongue 
answers to that indicating Chelidonium, I generally find that 
when such persons are in health milk gives rise to flatulence. 
One such case was a man, 64 years of age, suffering from hyper- 
trophy of the heart, with gastric dyspepsia, giving rise to loud, 
tasteless, or bitter eructations. He had suffered from gallstones, 
and I had successfully treated him with Berberis. To relieve 
his dyspepsia, I unavailingly gave him Carbo v., Argentum nit., 
and Bismuth, as well as other medicines; Chelidonium greatly 
relieved the dyspepsia, though it failed to check the eructations. 168 
CHELIDONIUM. 
I kept him on a milk diet (not skim milk) for a month with 
benefit. Previously he had had the desire for milk, but was un- 
able to digest it. 
Another patient, who suffered frightfully from spasmodic pains 
in the stomach, followed by bitter and bilious vomitings, had 
noticed that when well she could not take milk, but was able to 
do so when ill, provided it was warm. She obtained rapid relief 
from Chelidoniurn (1st dec.) in two attacks, and the dyspeptic 
symptoms which ordinarily preceded and followed an attack were 
quite cured by the same remedy. 
b. “ Great longing for wine, which does not cause congestion or 
heat in the head as before.” I have occasionally noticed these 
symptoms in cases of dyspepsia indicating Chelidoniurn, though 
not to so marked an extent as the incapacity to digest milk just 
referred to. In one case—to be noticed presently—there was a 
longing for beer, which I did not gratify, as it manifestly disagreed 
with the patient, but I permitted him to take wine with advan- 
tage. 
e. “ Prefers hot things.” This I have often noticed in dyspep- 
tics cured by Chelidoniurn. 
d. The dislike to boiled flesh, said to be a characteristic of the 
Chelidoniurn dyspepsia, I have not noticed. 
e. The feeling a necessity to eat a larger breakfast than usual 
in order to prevent faintness before the next meal, I have seen 
something like in the desire for food to prevent stomach pains. 
3. Eructation relieving nausea I have occasionally observed to 
occur in dyspeptics relieved by Chelidoniurn. 
4. Stomach.—“ Aching-gnawing pain in the stomach, with a 
sense of constriction, aggravated by pressure, but relieved by 
eating or during the early hours of digestion,” is, I believe, a very 
marked characteristic of Chelidoniurn dyspepsia. 
5. “Sensation of constriction and sensitiveness in the scrobiculus 
cordis and right hypochondrium,” are often associated with the 
foregoing; or rather, whilst in the former, the aching gnawing is 
relieved, during the early hours of digestion, this is often aggravated 
slightly, and in my experience is more frequently indicative of 
Kux vomica, if other symptoms correspond, than of Chelidoniurn. CHELIDONIUM. 
169 
As an illustration of symptoms 4 and 5, I will adduce the fol- 
lowing case: 
A gentleman, aged fifty-two, of spare habit, accustomed to a 
moderate amount of exercise by day, but poring over his books 
and plans till one or two in the morning, had frequently suffered 
from indigestion. On one occasion he had jaundice, and once 
had had intermittent fever. When he consulted me he had been 
suffering for two months, and had taken from his own medicine 
case Bryonia, Nux, Chamomilla, Sulphur, etc., without benefit. 
He complained of giddiness in the morning, and of headache on 
waking. His sleep was unrefreshing from vivid dreams of busi- 
ness matters. He disliked his usual mental studies. The appe- 
tite was diminished, but when he had eaten a little he could eat 
more, because he then felt better. An aching pain in the stomach 
was nearly constant, but was better after food. Constrictive feel- 
ing across the stomach from right to left hypochondrium, so much 
so as to oblige him to loosen his clothes two hours after a meal. 
Slight eructations; bad taste in mouth ; desire for beer, which, 
though he relished it, caused heartburn and headache; his stools 
were pappy and light-colored ; urine normal; his tongue was only 
slightly coated white, and rather moist, thin, and narrow in shape, 
like that in persons of a nervous temperament, or where there is 
nervous irritability; his face was pale, and of a yellowish tint. 
For a month I gave him Nux, China, and Ignatia of various dilu- 
tions, but without benefit. I therefore turned to a record I keep 
of characteristics, where, under “Stomach and Appetite,” I found 
No. 4 characteristic of Chelidonium. I next consulted the Re- 
pertory of the Hahnemann Publishing Society (a work it is dis- 
graceful to us as a body not to have completed long since). In 
this I found that, under Petroleum and Nitric acid, there is 
“aching pain when fasting, relieved by food ;” under Pulsatilla, 
“gnawing pain when fasting, relieved by food ;” under Nux vom- 
ica, “contusive pain when fasting, relieved by food.” None of these 
corresponded so well, especially in the mental sphere, in the to- 
tality of their symptoms to the case under consideration, as did 
Chelidonium. One drop of Chelidonium, 3d dilution, taken four 
times a day, gave relief in three days, and in a fortnight my pa- 
YOL. II.—12 170 
CHELIDONIUM CHELONE GLABRA. 
tient was well. He has had a similar attack since, when a few 
doses of the same medicine soon cured him. 
Such are the chief characteristics of the Chelidonium dyspepsia 
I have been able to verify clinically. I have in addition seen one 
case of mental distress cured by this medicine. Without much 
dyspepsia, there was a dry, white, narrow, and pointed tongue ; 
with a desire for wine and but little appetite. The mental symp- 
toms were restlessness and uneasiness of conscience. She felt that 
she had committed the unpardonable sin, and that she would be 
eternally lost—a condition very similar to one described by Dr. 
Buchman in his proving of Chelidonium.—“Horn. Review.” 
CHELONE GLABRA. 
The Chelone is one of those bitter indigenous plants which has 
always had a popular reputation as a tonic, or strength-restorer. 
The same may be said of Gentian, Frazera, the foreign Columbo, 
and others. 
But the Chelone seems to possess some specific powers aside 
front its general action. No provings have been made, but the 
clinical experience of a few homoeopathists, and my own, show 
that it must affect the liver. 
It has been found very beneficial in weak digestion, especially 
when due to want of tone in the stomach. 
Jaundice, with loss of appetite, disgust for food, constipation 
and debility, has been removed promptly by drop doses of the 
tincture. 
Dr. Ball, of Marshall, Mich., has had much experience with 
Chelone in intermittent fever after abuse of Quinine. In such 
cases the Chelone cures, not by possessing any anti-malarial virtue 
like Quinine, but by its power of removing the Quinine cachexia. 
That troublesome condition, which follows severe attacks of ma- 
larial fever, known as “dumb ague,” consisting of ill-defined 
paroxysms of aching, with fever and distress, may be removed by 
this medicine if its use is patiently continued a few weeks. 
Dr. E. C. Price, of Baltimore, verifies Dr. Ball’s experience. 
He gave it to a man broken down with ague, and who, notwith- 
standing the use of Quinine, Iron, and Strychnia, became so CHLORAL, 
171 
weak as to be unable to sit up. “ The tincture of Chelone, five 
drops three times a day, brought him right up, and he has re- 
mained well ever since.” 
CHLORAL. 
The Hydrate of Chloral was discovered by M. Liebreich, and 
introduced by him as a therapeutic agent, before the Medical So- 
ciety of Berlin, in June, 1869. It was a white solid, made up of 
needle-form crystals having the appearance of snow. It has an 
odor similar to ripe muskmelons. On exposure to the air it 
rapidly deliquesces, and after a time wholly disappears. It is 
soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. 
The lower animals are readily affected by very small doses, two 
to five grains causing profound sleep. It is certain and rapid in 
its action. For an adult man twenty grains is the average dose. 
This generally causes the semblance of a normal, profound slum- 
ber, commencing in fifteen to twenty minutes after the drug is 
taken into the stomach, and lasting from six to ten hours. Certain 
persons, however, are so constituted that they require double this 
quantity to produce the same degree of somnolence. As a rule, 
the quantity may be safely graduated for a single soporific (sleep- 
causing) dose. Two grains can be given for each year of age until 
the patient is twenty. This dose may be repeated in an hour (or 
even thirty minutes if intense pain is present). If you give the 
Chloral hydrate to cause sleep and alleviate pain, you must admin- 
ister the definite quantity known to cause the desired result. You 
can no more produce aneesthesia with the attenuations than you 
can with the attenuations of Chloroform or Ether. It is only for 
symptoms and conditions simulating its primary effects, that you 
can give attenuated doses; nor will it bear much attenuation, all 
theorists to the contrary notwithstanding. 
Under a heavy dose the breathing is imperceptible; after a 
moderate one the breathing is soft and gentle. There is no sensi- 
bility during this sleep, not even upon the external applications 
of stimulants. They sleep on, while all the functions of life are 
apparently at rest, except one, the circulation. On a microscopic 
examination of the web of a frog’s foot, while under Chloral, the 172 
CHLORAL. 
circulation is found most perfect, confirming the theory of Lieb- 
reich, that the heart is the last to die. 
One prominent and persistent effect is the decrease of animal 
temperature with contracted pupils. No excitement precedes the 
sleep. Patients can be aroused at any time to full consciousness, 
the natural functions are performed, there is no disturbance of the 
secretions, and waking is not attended by disagreeable symptoms. 
In fatal cases the following symptoms occur : Stertorous respi- 
ration ; eyes set and glassy, pupils contracted and insensible to 
light; conjunctiva congested ; motion of the heart quite rapid and 
so feeble as to be scarcely felt; blood settles under the finger nails ; 
purple spots are on the side on which they lie; extremities cold, 
and frothy mucus flows from the mouth ; insensibility of the skin, 
with occasional moments of hypersesthesia. 
The functions are destroyed in the following order: (1) The 
cerebral; (2) the involuntary muscles; (3) the respiratory ; lastly, 
the heart. 
It paralyzes the ganglionic cells of (1) the brain, (2) the spinal 
cord, (3) and last, the heart. 
Its mode of action is quite analogous to Chloroform, but large 
doses should be avoided when the heart is weakened. 
Its therapeutical uses in homoeopathic practice are similar, in 
one respect, to its use by the opposite school, viz., for the necessary 
alleviation of pain and the production of sleep. I do not hesitate 
to resort to it, after a fair trial of our most approved homoeopathic 
remedies; nor should any of you, after you have decided in your 
best judgment that your patient will be in better condition from 
its use than without it. 
It is to the public one of the most fascinating of narcotics, if its 
taste is tolerated; but its habitual use is attended by all the evils 
which follow the abuse of such agents. Attempts to break off the 
habit have resulted in a condition similar to delirium tremens, and 
other depressed and irritable mental states. 
Its immediate effects on the mental sphere are always calming, 
soothing, and quieting. Its remote (secondary) effects, depressing 
and irritating. 
It is, therefore, secondarily homoeopathic to many forms of 
insanity, idiocy, and dementia. CHLOKAL, 
173 
The records of insane asylums give the following pretty uniform 
results, the average dose being from 20 to 30 grs.: “ When pa- 
tients are destructive and violent, it acts as an excellent hypnotic 
by night, and a soothing agent by day; they become free from 
destructive habits, and gain in weight and strength; the action of 
the bowels and bladder improves; the appetite is increased; it 
relieves abnormal sensations and hallucinations; it checks the 
desire for self-inj ury; and melancholic patients become more 
cheerful.” 
It has been observed that “ the greater the disorganization of 
the brain and cord, the sooner does the system come under its 
action.” 
I have used it successfully in many cases of delirium tremens 
and 'puerperal mania, when the symptoms were like those I have 
just described. 
The pathological condition which it induces in the brain in 
fatal cases is said to be ancemia. This I suppose to be thc ■primary, 
direct result of a single fatal dose. 
But cases are on record which go to show that an opposite con- 
dition results from longer use—of massive doses ending in death. 
In other words, secondary effects supervene. Thus Hammond 
relates a fatal case, where he gave it for a disease of the brain, and 
found congestion of the brain post-mortem. In other cases, the 
brain, cerebellum, and their membranes, showed an increased vas- 
cularity ; but these I believe were secondary effects. 
Its purely homoeopathic applications in brain disorders are as 
follows: 
In cerebral ancemia, suddenly appearing, simulating the usual 
effects of a dangerous single dose, you may prescribe it in the 
3* or 6X dilution. In such cases it is analogous to the Bromides 
and Conium. 
In cerebral congestion, occurring as a reaction from previous 
anaemia, the Chloral is one of the best remedies you can use, if you 
select it judiciously. It here rivals the Bromides. 
This condition of the brain is that which is found in patients 
whose insanity takes the form I mentioned at the beginning of 
this lecture. 
There is sometimes excruciating pain in the occiput and tem- 174 
CHLORAL. 
pies; great heaviness of the head, and a feeling of compression of 
the head, as if in a vice; also aching and redness of the eyes, illu- 
sions of vision, and photophobia. 
I have cured congestion of the brain in children after cholera in- 
fantum, with the l1 dilution. 
It is useful for the night terrors of children when arising from 
worms, teething, and the result of cerebral irritation after colli- 
quative discharges. Here it rivals Cuprum aceticum and the 
bromides, either of which are superior to Belladonna, which is so 
absurdly used in a routine way. 
I can hardly give you the differential diagnosis between the 
Chloral and the Bromides in such cases; the line of distinction is 
very intangible. You will have to learn it by experience, or rely 
upon your intuitions, or wait until we have complete provings of 
these important drugs. 
I believe it will prove useful in some cases of cerebrospinal 
congestion, but doubt its usefulness after inflammation has taken 
place. The pains in the occiput and head seem to indicate its 
relation to this disease. 
When inhaled it causes intense irritation of the nasal and other 
surfaces of the respiratory mucous membrane. You may find it 
useful in cases of hay fever (catarrhus sestivus) if inhaled at the 
very outset of the malady, in a very dilute form. In my own 
case 10 grains taken at the outset of an influenza always arrests it. 
Its effects on the eye and sense of vision are unique and pecu- 
liar. (You will find many hay-fever symptoms among its eye 
symptoms.) 
It causes aching in the eyeballs, which feel too large. (Spig.) 
The lids feel so heavy he can hardly lift them. (Gels.) Intense 
itching of the inner canthi and edges of the lids; the lids are puffy 
and swollen; red, injected, and bloodshot eyes; burning in the 
eye and eyelids; profuse irritating lachrymation. 
You will find some interesting contributions to the therapeutics 
of Chloral in the “ British Journal,” for July, 1874, by Dr. D. 
Dyce Brown. Taking the above symptoms of the eye as the indi- 
cations, he treated twelve cases of conjunctivitis with Chloral, and 
with uniform success. His doses were—“one grain of the pure 
salt, in water, three times a day, for adults, and fractional doses CHLORAL. 
175 
for children.” In two cases, in my own practice, its curative 
effects were simply magical. 
In addition to the symptoms already given, his cases presented 
others, namely, small ulcers on the cornea ; phlyctcence; severe cir- 
cumorbital pain ; chemosis ; loss of appetite, and sleeplessness. 
It ought to be useful in abnormal conditions of the sense of 
vision, such as asthenopia, color-blindness, ocular hypercesthesia, 
photophobia,- and perhaps, threatened paralysis of the optic nerve. 
Many of its eye-symptoms resemble those of Gelseminum, Coca, 
Calabar, and Cannabis indica. 
Spasm of the glottis is imitated by the symptoms of the tongue 
and throat (primary). 
I have made some very gratifying cures of traumatic odontalgia 
by means of Chloral, several of which have been reported in our 
journals. If the toothache is from the pressure of a tilling, give 
the usual anodyne dose internally; if from substances which have 
gotten into a cavity, clean it out, and till it with the crude salt, or 
cotton saturated with the mother tincture (one grain to each drop 
of water or alcohol). 
It may be useful in the attenuations, in the severe flushings 
which occur at the critical age, for it has caused a “dark scarlet 
flushing and heat of the head and face, from roots of the hair to 
ramus of the lower jaw, including the eyes; it was persistent 
under pressure; was blotchy in places, and extended to the neck 
and chest. There was excited circulation and slight contraction 
of the pupils.” 
Similar paroxysms occur premonitory to, and during tubercular 
meningitis, and I observed them last summer, after attacks of 
cholera infantum. In the latter it came on in the evening, and pre- 
vented sleep from the heat and itching. 
I have used it in a few instances in the severe pains, vomiting 
and retching from passage of biliary or renal calculi ; but you must 
avoid its use in large doses in jaundice from arrest of secretion, for 
it has caused “ jaundice, with coma and stupefaction,” and aggra- 
vated many cases. 
It has also caused atrophy of the liver, but these facts need not 
deter you from trying it in just such cases, if you prescribe the 176 
CHLORAL. 
attenuations (1* to 3X). The law of Sirnilia ought to hold good 
in relation to Chloral as well as to Mercury. 
Chloral does not cause diarrhoea, nor do the Bromides, yet in 
those cases where the diarrhoea is the result of morbid nervous 
depression with irritation, it will remove the cause, thus indirectly 
curing that symptom. 
For example, in cases of cholera infantum, where there is in- 
tense nervous erethism, severe pain, and threatening spasms, I 
have not hesitated to give Chloral in doses of 1 to 5 grains. 
The Bromides and some other remedies may be equally well 
indicated by the symptoms; but no other drug acts as quickly, 
and in some cases a few minutes lost is fatal to the patient. 
It has been suggested in cholera. It causes all the symptoms 
of cholera, except the purging and vomiting. But in some cases 
of cholera (cholera sicca) no discharges occur. The patient is 
stricken down suddenly, and dies from syncope induced by cere- 
bral and cardiac paralysis. Chloral is homoeopathic to such cases. 
No special observations have been made as to its pathogenetic 
action on the kidneys and bladder. 
It has been used with good results in incontinence of urine. Dr. 
Leonards considers it the only reliable remedy to remove the 
spasmodic action of the detrusor vesiese, which overbalances the 
contraction of the sphincter. He gives children from 6 to 10 
grains dissolved in water, just before going to bed; allows only 
small quantities of fluids at supper, which should be taken several 
hours before going to bed. He adds: “We must, in enuresis 
nocturna, strictly differentiate between spasm and atony of the 
vesical muscles, as in the latter case Iron and Quinine are indi- 
cated.” (Ferr. mur., Nux.) 
It appears to have some diuretic action, either direct or indirect. 
In the case of anasarca where it was given by Dr. Swan, in 5, 10, 
and finally in 15 grains, every 2 or 3 hours, it alleviated the 
terrible sufferings ; and the action of the kidneys, which had been 
almost suspended for days, became active again under its use. 
Chloral-eaters are said to lose their sexual desires and become 
impotent. I have not observed any such phenomena. 
I have used it in many cases of painful and persistent chordee CHLORAL. 
177 
during gonorrhoea. Ten or fifteen grains taken at bedtime, not 
only causes sleep, but actually prevents the painful erections. 
In the diseases peculiar to women, Chloral is a useful pallia- 
tive. 
In dysmenorrhcea of unusual severity, it will give relief when 
specific remedies fail. It may require 5, 10, or 15 grains every 
hour, according to the intensity of the symptoms and the idiosyn- 
crasy of the patient. 
In a paper read before the Edinburgh Obstetrical Society, E. 
Lambert claimed that while Chloral could not supplant Chloro- 
form, it can be used to advantage in the first stage of labor. He 
also claimed that it could be given “ under favorable circumstan- 
ces ” all through labor, and that the woman could go through from 
commencement to termination without consciousness. I suppose 
he means by “ favorable circumstances,” that the patient has no 
tendency to haemorrhage, for if such exists, Chloral is not considered 
a safe remedy. 
American accoucheurs rarely give Chloroform during labor, and 
then for a few moments only at the very termination. If the 
patient requires it for an hour, or for hours, Ether is the best and 
safest anaesthetic. I should hesitate to administer Chloral in large 
doses to a person with weak heart, or in whom I suspected a tendency 
to haemorrhage. I have, however, used Chloral in several cases of 
labor, when the intense nervous irritability led me to fear con- 
vulsions, and when Veratrum viride was not admissible. In all 
these cases it had the happiest effects. I agree with Dr. Lambert, 
that “it does not suspend, but rather promotes uterine contraction, 
by suspending all reflex actions which tend to counteract the ex- 
citability of the centres of organic motion.” The dose of Chloral 
required will depend on many circumstances. I have given 10 
to 15 grains every hour. Lambert advises gr. xv every quarter 
of an hour until the desired results are produced. 
I have alluded to its power of preventing puerperal convulsions.' 
I believe it has such power. The late Dr. F. A. Lord reported 
two cases where 20 grains arrested such convulsions promptly. 
It causes pulmonary oedema, yet it has been found a valuable 
palliative in that condition, as well as in emphysema. In very 178 
CHLORAL. 
small doses it ought to cure the former, if the general state of the 
patient is not too much depressed. 
It weakens the heart; it paralyzes the ganglionic life of that 
organ, yet true to the law of Similia, it has been found to restore 
force and motion to the heart when life was rapidly ebbing away. 
In Drs. Swan and Helmuth’s case there was organic disease of 
the heart. The Chloral almost restored normal action to the seri- 
ously disorganized organ. 
The symptoms it causes are: “Great dyspnoea, a sense of suf- 
focation, oppression at the base of the chest, in front; tendency to 
fainting, intolerable sinking at the stomach, livid lips, cold 
extremities, respirations as low as four per minute, pulse imper- 
ceptible.” 
I have given it in the threatened 'paralysis of the heart during 
pericarditis. The dyspnoea and distress were fearful, yet 5 grains 
every 15 minutes restored the action of the heart, and the patient 
made a good recovery. 
The pulse of Chloral is frequent, weak, irregular, in both force 
and rhythm, frequently intermittent; but the heart at the same 
time acts regularly, but with increased frequency and diminished 
force. 
I predict that in cardiac neuroses Chloral in properly gradu- 
ated doses will prove one of our best remedies, not only pallia- 
tive, but curative. 
I am not as sanguine as Dr. Swan, who claims to have got 
heart-symptoms by taking the 200th di 1., and that the 40th will 
cure cardiac neuroses. Such assumptions need be put to the test 
of positive experience before we accept them. 
When brought in contact with blood, it stops the process of 
coagulation. It destroys the blood-corpuscles, and produces a 
general destruction of that fluid. 
Its continued use internally has caused purpura hwmorrhagica, 
preceded by a “ bright red blush, erythematous in aspect, but 
permanent under pressure,” followed in two days by “deep red 
spots, mixed with mottled livid patches.” The buccal mucous 
membrane becomes red, raw, ulcerated, and blistered, breath fetid, 
pulse 120 and feeble. A desquamation ensued, but with bed-sores 179 
CHLORAL. 
in some places. In other cases it caused peteehim, vibices, and 
ecchymoses. 
If this action of Chloral is dynamic, it may prove a homoeopathic 
remedy in purpura and scurvy. If chemical, we need not expect 
curative effects from it. 
Reference has been made to the peculiar flushings of the face 
and neck caused by Chloral. It causes another species of eruption, 
namely, of blotches of different shapes, raised above the surface, 
and of a deep-red color. These blotches nearly coalesced, nearly 
resembling measles. This was attended with high fever, thirst, 
coated tongue, loss of appetite, and intense irritation of the skin, 
preventing sleep at night. It has caused an eruption on the arms 
and legs exactly like nettlerash, in large raised wheals, with 
intense irritative itching. Another case so imitated scarlet fever 
that the person was supposed to be laboring under that disease. 
In this same case, “ A number of large, pale elevations, or wheals, 
showed themselves on the legs, shoulders, and waist, while similar 
ones could be produced on other parts by scratching. At the same 
time, burning and stinging sensations, and a feeling of tightness 
and hardness over the whole surface, with lassitude, headache, 
sharp pain in the eyeballs, wheezing respiration, etc.” 
It is not improbable to suppose that it affects the mucous mem- 
brane in a similar manner. 
These symptoms make Chloral an analogue of Apis, and this 
analogy may be closer than we now imagine; it is also a congener 
of Urtica urens, Copaiva, and Arsenic. 
Dr. Dyce Brown, believing that Chloral might be used with ad- 
vantage, tried it in nine cases of urticaria, and with complete suc- 
cess. He gave from one to one-quarter grain every three hours. 
In another six cases the patients did not return and report, and he 
thinks they, too, were cured. 
In one case of pruritus vulva it relieved after Collinsonia failed. 
It will be a lucky thing for us if we have found a specific for 
nettlerash, for it has been a difficult matter to affiliate a remedy 
Some of the freaks of nettlerash resemble Chloral effects, namely, 
the sudden stupefaction, asthma, and cramp of internal organs, 
not to mention vomiting and purging, which latter is supposed to 
be due to its retrocession upon mucous surfaces. I have only had 180 
CHLORAL. 
the opportunity to try it in a few cases, one of which was quite 
satisfactory. A child, a year old, had suffered from severe sum- 
mer complaint for several weeks, had become pale and weak, when 
a new symptom set in which deprived it of all rest and sleep—an 
urticarious eruption, red, blotchy, and itching, on the face, neck, 
and shoulders, worse in the evening. Apis, Arsenicum, and Cro- 
ton were tried unsuccessfully. Chloral, 5 grains in half a glass of 
water, a spoonful every hour, removed the trouble in two days. 
There is a kind of nervous itching, a species of pruritus, affecting 
the whole body, coming on after undressing, especially at night; 
there is no visible eruption until the skin is scratched, and some- 
times not then. Ignatia is recommended, and will sometimes re- 
lieve, but Chloral may prove a better remedy. 
In certain spasmodic diseases Chloral has been of infinite ser- 
vice to the physicians and surgeons of all schools. 
I have already alluded to its use in puerperal convulsions. In 
tetanus it has made some very brilliant cures. It is indicated for 
tetanic spasms from Strychnia poisoning; trismus from traumatic 
causes; from cerebro-spinal meningitis; and also in infantile 
tetanus. 
You must not expect to cure such a terrible disease as tetanus 
with any but massive doses. You might as well attempt to pro- 
pel a five-pound shot with ten grains of gunpowder. 
The dose in cases of tetanus in strong adults ranges from 10 
grains to 3 drachms, repeated every one, two, or three hours, as 
the case demands. One patient, with traumatic tetanus, reported 
by Dr. Vernuil, took the enormous quantity of 200 grams (3000 
grains) in twenty-eight days, and made a good recovery. Dr. AEs- 
chenthal cured a case of trismus in a child seven days old. It had 
twenty-seven spasms, and took in all 25 grains. 
In trismus and tetanic convulsions of very young infants, or in 
teething children, I have given it in many cases. I prefer it to 
any other remedy because it acts so quickly (in ten to fifteen min- 
utes), as in some cases a few moments lost is a life lost. 
In tetanus it rivals Calabar, Atropia, Gelseminum, Bromide 
of potassa, and Curare, all of which cure by virtue of their sec- 
ondary action. I do not assert that remedies primarily indicated 
in tetanus, like Yux vomica, Strychnia, and Ignatia, will not cure, 181 
CHLORAL. 
for I know that cases have been cured by the latter class. I would 
advise you to use the latter in cases of less intensity, or when you 
think you have time to test their power. I need not inform you 
that primarily indicated remedies must be used in minute doses 
(from the 6th to the 30th attenuations). 
Chorea in its severest forms has been treated by Chloral with 
success. 
A severe case, in which the little child could neither lie nor stand, 
the head, limbs, and body being in constant motion, and each 
muscle apparently partaking of irregular action. She could not 
utter a syllable, and swallowed with difficulty. She would wake 
from disturbed rest, cry out, and scream until perfectly exhausted 
and in danger of general convulsions. She became anaemic and 
emaciated. Two grains of chloral put her to sleep. Its use was 
continued every night for a week. After that time improvement 
was so rapid that it was abandoned. 
M. Bouchet says: “ Chloral is a most prompt and efficacious 
remedy in those cases of intense chorea where the constancy and 
severity of the spasmodic movements threaten the life of the pa- 
tient.” 
Dr. Bussell relates a case of severe chorea during the fifth 
month of pregnancy cured by Chloral. 
Dr. Strange cured an obstinate and long-continued case of chorea 
in nine days, with eight grains repeated every three hours. 
No remedy, in my experience, will so quickly and permanently 
remove the uncontrollable nervous agitation of hysteria. A dose 
of 15 or 20 grains will quiet a fit of hysterics so suddenly as to 
astonish the patient and her friends. It is quite homoeopathic to 
a hysterico-cataleptic state, when the patient is conscious of all 
that transpires but cannot rouse herself. 
A word as to the proper treatment of a case of Chloral poison- 
ing. Nux vomica lx, Strychnia 3X, and Atropia 2X are the 
best antidotes, aided by Digitalis when the heart is failing; elec- 
tricity applied to the spinal cord ; and Ammonia by inhalation 
and internally. The sleep caused by Chloral is not always calm. 
Some patients seem to suffer from and complain of horrible dreams, 
frightful visions ; they scream and cry out, sit up in bed, and cannot 
be quieted. An adult who was taking it for rheumatism, after 182 
CHLORAL. 
sleeping a few hours, would jump out of bed trembling with fear, 
bathed in a cold, clammy sweat, and scream frightfully as if in 
mortal terror. Here we have a good picture of those conditions 
known as nightmare, night-terrors, and similar morbid conditions 
occurring premonitory of or during meningitis. 
I usually give in such cases very small doses, T\th to 1 or 2 
grains, according to age, and have been very successful in removing 
these abnormal symptoms. 
In the 6th or 30th it may prove curative in “ comatose condi- 
tions lasting for days, ending in cerebral congestion.” 
The pleasantest vehicle in which to administer this drug, when 
given in appreciable doses, is the Syrup of tolu, to which you can 
add from 1 to 20 grains to each teaspoonful. 
The dilutions from the mother tincture (1 grain to 1 drop) are 
made with water, alcohol, or syrup. 
On the Use of Chloral-hydrate Enemata.—Dr. Starcke, of Berlin, has a paper 
on the employment of Chloral-hydrate enemata in the “ Berliner Klinische 
Wochenschrift” (August 19th). lie observes that there are great prejudices, es- 
pecially in England, against the continued use of Chloral, occasioned, probably, 
by the not unfrequent misadventures occurring in connection with its use in ha- 
bitual drunkards. Last year Dr. Starcke himself fell ill of a chronic gastric catarrh, 
with great acidity of the contents of the stomach, and considerable emaciation and 
prostration. The principal and most distressing symptom, however, was persistent 
insomnia, only half an hour to an hour’s sleep being obtained at night. At the 
suggestion of his colleagues Dr. Starcke resorted to the use of Chloral, but the 
irritable state of the stomach forbade its use by the mouth, and hence he deter- 
mined to take it per rectum. An aqueous five per cent, solution of Chloral was 
warmed to about 95° Fahr., of which he first injected 10 grams, and after a quar- 
ter of an hour a further quantity of 10 grams, so that in all 1 gram (151 grains) 
of Chloral were thus taken. This was in a few minutes followed by a feeling of 
warmth, comfort, and repose, and lastly by sound sleep, which lasted uninter- 
ruptedly for five hours. In this manner Dr. Starcke continued the injection of 
Chloral for five months, taking in all 120 grams of the drug. Decided conva- 
lescence set in after almost the very first dose, which was followed every morn- 
ing by a sense of vigor and a desire for food, without any headache or other dis- 
comfort. Nor did the efficacy of the dose of Chloral diminish, and latterly even 
half the quantity, i. e., .5 gram was sufficient. Frequently the attempt was made 
to obtain sleep without resorting to Chloral, but in vain, until within the last 
month, when Dr. Starcke found he could discontinue it altogether. This em- 
ployment of Chloral per rectum has decided advantages in cases of gastric irrita- 
bility. Dr. Starcke tried twice to take it by the mouth, and each time it was, 
after a lapse of a few minutes, completely rejected, and no sleep ensued. The ab- 
sence of all unpleasant results when administered by the rectum is doubtless due 
to its undergoing no decomposition, as is generally the case when it comes into CHLORAL—CROTON CHLORAL. 
183 
contact with the contents of the stomach. Of course, the drug should be abso- 
lutely pure. The sensation of burning and tenesmus which at first follows an 
injection may be materially obviated by well oiling the nozzle of the syringe. 
And since the site of the tenesmus is chiefly in the region of the sphincter, con- 
tact of the chloral solution with this part of the gut should be avoided by passing 
the injection pipe as high up as possible. And if the injection is made by one’s 
self, the position on knees and elbows will be found the most convenient. It is 
also of consequence that the solution should be complete, and that it should be 
warmed to the temperature of the body ; also that the dose required is a mode- 
rate and even small one, as compared with that usually given by the mouth. 
Dr. Starcke has subsequently used Chloral in the same way in various cases and 
with the same uniformly safe and favorable results. It seems specially applica- 
ble in the case of aged people, and in no case need the dose exceed one gram 
(15J grains).—“ London Medical Becord,” October 15th. 
Enemata of Chloral in Sick Headache.—Dr. J. Seure (“Bull. Gdn. de Tberap.” 
1878, p. 365) recommends this treatment very highly. lie says that a patient 
of his, a lady, who is subject to severe attacks of migraine after shopping, etc., is 
accustomed, on her return home, to take an enema consisting of a glass of warm 
water, with a tablespoonful of the following mixture: K. Chloral, gr. xlv; Aq. 
destillat., fgx.—M. She then reclines upon a sofa, with closed eyes. Within 
a few seconds she begins to taste the Chloral in her mouth, and at the same time 
she experiences a sensation of numbness. Little by little the headache disap- 
pears, nausea is allayed, and half an hour later nothing remains but a slight 
discomfort in the head, with a little torpor. 
Within an hour and a half this lady finds herself able to sit down to dinner, 
and by the time the meal is over she has forgotten all about her headache and is 
able to entertain visitors during the evening. In this case twenty grains of the 
Chloral are enough, but in the case of men thirty to forty grains are required. 
Dr. Seure has noticed that the relief gained is more prompt if a tablespoonful of 
brandy or whiskey is added to the enema. The enema has one disadvantage, that 
is, the slight burning pain which it causes in the rectum. This may be avoided 
by the use of a glass of warm milk instead of water, or better by beating up the 
yolk of an egg in the water. In the case of individuals who retain enemata only 
with difficulty, a smaller amount may be injected, and a drop or two of Lauda- 
num may be added. Dr. Seure regards this treatment as almost infallible for 
the arrest of an attack of sick headache, and as decidedly preferable to the ad- 
ministration of remedies by the mouth. It has the advantage of not disturbing 
the stomach. Chloral also acts very promptly, its absorption by the rectum 
being almost instantaneous, as is proved by the effects on the general system, and 
also by the exhalation of Chloroform by the lungs within a few seconds after the 
enema has been taken.—“ Philadelphia Medical Times.” 
CROTON CHLORAL. 
This drag is said to possess the singular property of producing 
ancesthesia of the brain and nerves of the head, leaving all the body 184 
CROTON CHLORAL—CHIMAPHILA. 
below in a natural condition. It is highly recommended for neu- 
ralgia of the head and face, and other very painful affections of the 
head. 
In the “British Journal of Homoeopathy ” for 1873, page 188, 
Dr. J. W. Legg is quoted as reporting this medicine as useful in 
the principal affections of the fifth nerve. The drug was given to 
about twenty persons, all suffering pains in the regions sup- 
plied by the fifth nerve, i. e., the upper and lower jaw, the face, 
and supraorbital region of the forehead ; pains paroxysmal, in- 
creased at night mostly. In nearly all the patients there was 
caries of the teeth, and in about one-half signs of anaemia. Five, 
ten, and twenty grains were given at a dose, dissolved in water. 
In all the patients except two great relief from pain followed the 
dose. In the two cases the pains were aggravated. Some slept, 
others were eased but did not sleep. 
I have never used it, and it does not seem to have become pop- 
ular with physicians. 
You will do well to watch its history and use, for it may prove 
homoeopathic to some serious conditions, paralysis of the brain, 
for instance. 
CHIMAPHILA. 
This pretty little plant, a native of the Northern and Middle 
States, belongs to the class of popular renal remedies. That it pos- 
sesses undoubted affinity for the genito-urinary mucous membrane 
is now admitted. It is called by allopathic authorities an “as- 
tringent diuretic”—a curious and apparently incongruous name, 
which is doubtless meant to imply that, while it increases the 
watery portions of the urine, it decreases its solid constituents. This 
it does do, especially when such constituents are abnormal. It 
is probable that massive doses, long continued, would provoke 
inflammatory action, but such effects have not come under my 
observation. 
Its principal curative indications are : 
Scanty urine, containing a large quantity of muco-purulent sedi- 
ment. 
Excessive itching and painful irritation of the urethra from the 
end of the penis to the neck of the bladder. 185 
CHIMAPHILA—CHIONANTHUS VIEGINICA. 
Sensation of swelling in the perinseum, as if, in sitting down, a 
ball was pressing up against it. 
It has proved curative in the following: 
Dropsy after scarlatina, or during Bright’s disease. 
Chronic catarrh of the bladder, with hectic fever. 
Chronic disease of the prostate gland. 
Hcematuria, passive, symptomatic, in local disease. 
Dysuria, in plethoric, hysterical women; scanty, frequent uri- 
nation, with pressing, scalding and smarting pain ; also tenesmus 
of the bladder; urine filled with mucus. Urine thick, ropy, 
brick-colored, with bloody sediment. 
It has some reputation in scrofula with glandular enlargements, 
and is said to have cured, in the practice of various physicians, 
tumors of the mammce, enlargements of lymphatic glands, scrofu- 
lous eruptions, and even scirrhus and cancer. Success is claimed 
by use of the 30th, as well as the tincture and infusion. I prefer 
the infusion in diseases of the bladder. 
CHIONANTHUS VIRGINICA, 
This is a singular-looking shrub, growing from Pennsylvania 
to Georgia, on river-banks and sandy plains. It presents clusters 
of snow-white flowers in May and June. The common names 
are “ old man’s beard ” and “ fringe tree.” 
I call your attention to this medicine, which may fill a place in 
your armcimentorium which no other can fill. It seems to be 
very similar in its action on the liver to the Chelidonium, upon 
which I lately lectured. I get my knowledge of it from Dr. Goss, 
a well-known physician. He says: “The most important thera- 
peutic property that it possesses is its specific power over morbid 
conditions of the liver. 
“I have tried it in hypertrophy of that organ, and with uniform 
success ; and also in obstruction of the liver, in malarious districts, 
with like success. 
“ Some years ago I called the attention of the profession to its 
specific effects in jaundice, and gave several cases in proof of the 
fact. 
“Since then I have used the Chionanthus in a great many cases 
TOL. II.—13 186 
CHIONANTHUS VIRGINICA—CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
of jaundice, and have never failed to remove it in but a single in- 
stance, and that one I think was a case of obstruction of the gall- 
ducts by calculi; in that case I tried all the reputed cholagogues 
without success. It removes jaundice of years’ standing in from 
eight to ten days. I have treated several persons who had been 
subject to jaundice annually, in summer, for several years, and had 
been dosed with blue pill, calomel, and other articles without any 
benefit, and I have not failed in a single instance to remove the dis- 
ease entirely. And when it is removed by the Chionanthus, it does 
not return—at least it has not in any instance to my knowledge.” 
This is very positive testimony. lie adds that it is not a pur- 
gative—which would go to prove that it was a true hepatic remedy. 
The tincture of the bark should be made with strong alcohol, 
and given in ten or fifteen drops every three hours. 
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
We now come to speak of one of the most important of all the 
new remedies. It is to the new, what Ignatia was, and is, to the 
Materia Medica of Hahnemann. Its range of action is quite ex- 
tensive; it has been quite thoroughly proven; the clinical expe- 
rience with it is already large; and it has large possibilities for 
future development. 
It is known under the common names of black snake-root, black 
cohosh, and rattleweed. Its former botanical names were Actsea 
and Macrotys, from which latter came the name of its active prin- 
ciple Macrotin. (Now Oimicifugin.) 
Sphere of action.—It is essentially a cerebro-spinal remedy. The 
braiu and spinal cord are directly under its influence, and upon 
which it acts primarily as a depressing irritant. 
Its action on the muscular system is probably not direct, but a 
result of its effect upon the spinal cord. It differs from Nux and 
Ignatia, in that they are exciting irritants of the spinal cord. Cimi- 
cifuga indirectly affects the vegetative system—the functions of 
digestion and assimilation. It has but few symptoms of gastric or 
intestinal derangement not due to reflex irritation. 
It has become one of our most potent remedies in disorders of 
the mental sphere, namely, in melancholy and aberration of mind. CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
187 
The characteristic symptoms indicating its nse are: “Great 
melancholy; she feels grieved ; troubled with sighing ; sensation 
as if a heavy black cloud had settled all over her, and enveloped 
her head, so that all was darkness and confusion, while at the same 
time it weighed like lead upon her heart.” (Cured by Dunham 
with the 200th, and by myself with the 3X dil.) 
“She was suspicious of everything and everybody ; would not 
take medicine if she knew it; indifferent, taciturn; takes no in- 
terest in household matters ; frequently sighs and ejaculates ; great 
apprehensiveness and sleeplessness.” 
These symptoms are always promptly removed by Cimicifuga. 
The size of the dose, if it is above the 1*, does not seem to be im- 
portant. I have treated very many cases of profound melancholy, 
even from disordered liver, by this medicine, and can assure you 
that it has cured the majority, and even when the disorder of the 
mind depended on incurable physical disease its palliative effect 
was remarkable. One keynote to be remembered, is sleeplessness. 
Many physicians have informed me that if, in cases of melancholy, 
sleeplessness was present, Cimicifuga nearly always cured. 
Delirium tremens.—In this terrible disorder the Cimicifuga is 
indispensable. When there is nausea, retching, dilated pupils, 
heavy pressing-out headache, trembling of the limbs, incessant 
talking, changing from one subject to another, obstinate sleepless- 
ness, imagines strange objects on the bed, rats, sheep, etc., with 
quick, hard pulse, and a peculiar wild look in the eyes, the 3* dil. 
frequently repeated, aided by a good diet of milk, wine, whey, 
mutton broth, etc., will soon restore the patient. 
A lady patient of mine who was taking five drops of the 1* for 
rheumatism, was annoyed by an illusion of a mouse running from 
under her chair. This illusion disappeared upon suspending the 
medicine, and recurred when taking it in the same doses. 
I have found it useful in puerperal mania, and in those de- 
pressed states of mind and body following the excessive use of 
tea, valerian, and morphia. 
The nerves of sensation are very unfavorably affected by massive 
doses. It causes a pure neuralgia, and what the older authors 
called neuralgic rheumatism. The neuralgia is not confined to any 188 
CIMICIFUGA EACEMOSA. 
particular set of nerves, as is the case with some remedies. Its 
depressing irritant action seems to be universal. The pains are 
aching, pressing, remitting, and are attended with great restlessness 
and a weak, exhausted feeling. It seems to affect the sensory 
nerves of the left side most. The nerves of motion are profoundly 
irritated. In the words of Dr. T. C. Miller, whose experience 
with it for fifteen years enabled him to judge of its powers: “ It 
is one of the most remarkable remedies in all diseases of the gan- 
glio-spinal system, particularly when the motor side is excited, 
and yet, in the whole, prevails an atony in the muscular and 
nervous system.” 
This statement of its pathological action gives us the clue to its 
wonderful efficacy in chorea. It is indicated in many kinds of 
chorea, whether arising from rheumatic irritation of the cord, from 
uterine disease, or from purely psychical causes. The sympto- 
matic indications are chiefly : abnormal movements, uncontrolled 
by the will, in all those parts of the body supplied by motor 
nerves ; it affects both voluntary and involuntary muscles. The 
motions consist of twitching, jerking, twisting actions; they are 
sometimes attended by pains like neuralgia or rheumatism. The 
movements abate or are absent during sleep. They are aggravated 
by emotions; at the menstrual periods; or are caused by sup- 
pressed menses. They are attended by depression of spirits, and 
sleeplessness, and often by mental derangement. 
The Cimicifuga is useful in many kinds of tremors which resem- 
ble St. Vitus’s dance, but due to functional derangement of the 
nerve-centres. If they are caused by structural changes this rem- 
edy is useless, or if they are caused by mercurial or other mineral 
poisoning. 
I do not think the Cimicifuga will be found very useful in con- 
vulsions of any kind, unless they resemble chorea ; consequently 
it will not be available in ordinary puerperal convulsions or epi- 
lepsy. 
It bids fair to become a prominent remedy in cerebrospinal men- 
ingitis, and possibly myelitis. 
Dr. W. S. Searle, of New York city, first called attention to it 
in the “Transactions of the New York Homoeopathic Society,” 
and gave his experience of its use in a case of the former disease, CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
189 
when, after the inflammatory period had passed, the patient was 
tormented day and night by alternate clonic and tonic spasms and 
obstinate vomiting. Since Dr. Searle’s observations were published 
I have used it in many cases of cerebro-spinal trouble, and with 
unvarying success. Those of you who have been in practice, or 
have observed the practice of your preceptors, must have noted 
the prevalence of more or less cerebro-spinal irritation in nearly all 
fevers and some other diseases, and occurring in the winter and 
spring months. It is only within a few years that these phe- 
nomena were of such frequent occurrence. As the late Dr. Wil- 
liamson used to say : “ It has become the genius of the prevailing 
maladies.” Cimicifuga, in the lower dilutions, is indicated in the 
three grades of this disorder, namely : 
Cerebro-spinal meningitis, in the 6X dil. 
Cerebro-spinal congestion, in the2x dil. 
Cerebro-spinal irritation in the lx dil. 
I will give you the indications for its selection : 
Delirium, like mania a potu, with nausea, retching, dilated pu- 
pils, tremor of the limbs; quick, full pulse, and wild look out of 
the eyes. 
Headache; pain over the eyes, extending along the base of the 
brain into the occiput. 
Brain feels too large for the cranium, a pressing from within 
outwards; or a sense of compression in the temples. 
Excruciating pain in the forehead and in the eyeballs, vertex, 
nape of the neck, and occiput, with fulness and throbbing, as if 
the top of the head would fly off. 
Dull pains in the occiput, with shooting pains down the back; 
the head is jerked backward. 
Intense pain in the eyeballs, with black specks before the eyes; 
dilated pupils; double vision; congested conjunctiva, and lachry- 
mation. 
Intense throbbing pain, as if a ball were driven from the neck 
to the vertex with every throb of the heart. 
Tongue swollen; breath offensive; pharynx dry; dysphagia; 
roughness and hoarseness of the voice. 
Nausea and vomiting attend the pain in the head. 190 
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
Pains in the back, of a drawing, tensive character, or dull and 
heavy, with tenderness on pressure. 
Alternate tonic and clonic spasms, night and day. 
Spasmodic jerkings, like chorea. 
Rigidity of the muscles of the neck and back. 
Intense aching pains in the neck, head, and all the joints of the 
extremities, like the pains which accompany the fever of variola. 
Eruption of white pustules on the face and neck ; sometimes 
large, red, and papular. 
There is a disorder, known at one time as “ spinal irritation.” 
It is now known that in the great majority of cases it is not a 
spinal but a muscular affection, and its proper name is myalgia. 
In this disease Cimicifuga is one of our best remedies, rivalling 
Arnica, Hydrastin, or Nux. This leads us to consider its action 
on the muscular system. It is curative in two kinds of muscle 
disease: 
(1.) Myalgia, or a loss of tonicity in the muscular fibre, proba- 
bly from atony with irritation of the nerves which supply them. 
Myalgia in its various forms includes, certain headaches from an 
affection of the muscles of the head and nape, pleurodynia, myalgic 
colic, stiff neck, “ crick in the back,” and burning, cramping, stitch- 
ing, achingtpains all over the body, and even in hollow internal 
organs. 
(2.) Myositis, or inflammation of muscular structures, either 
idiopathic or rheumatic. It seems to affect by preference the belly 
of the muscle. Arnica acts in a similar manner, but it is better 
for traumatic myalgia and myositis; Bryonia resembles Cimicifuga, 
but the cause of the Bryonia muscular disease lies more in the 
state of the blood and secretions than in the state of the nervous 
centres. Bryonia does not cause reflex muscle disorder. Cimi- 
cifuga does (so does Caulophyllum). Hydrastis differs from both 
and resembles China and Ferrum more nearly. 
In inflammatory muscular rheumatism Cimicifuga has always 
had a deserved high popularity, both with physicians and laymen. 
The rheumatic fever, for which it is specific, is marked by several 
very characteristic symptoms, namely, the suddenness of its onset, 
the severity of its manifestation, and its location in large muscles. 191 
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
In such cases it often acts with surprising rapidity, relieving the 
fever, pain, soreness and restlessness in a few days. 
It differs from Rhus in not acting on the tendons, or terminal 
attachments of muscles, and from Colchicum, Bryonia, and Ascle- 
pias, in not acting on serous tissues; at least I do not think it has 
that affinity for serous tissues which is possessed by other well- 
known medicines. 
I would not give you the impression that Cimicifuga is not 
useful in chronic rheumatism, for some of its most brilliant achieve- 
ments have been in that direction. But in such cases the location 
of the disease has been in the belly of the muscle, i. e., its longest 
or middle portion, and its inception was originally sudden and 
severe. 
In my practice, and those of my colleagues, also in the practice of 
the eclectic and allopathic schools, it has made some surprising cures 
of chronic inflammation of the cervical and lumbar muscles (“ stiff 
neck” and lumbago); in chronic inflammation of the muscles of 
the upper and lower extremities, and intercostal rheumatism. I 
remember one case, the mother of Clara Louise Kellogg, the 
prima donna, who had for many years such stiffness, pain and 
lameness of the muscles of the thighs that her sufferings were at 
times intolerable. After trying faithfully Rhus, Nux vom., Bry- 
onia, Turpentine, Sulphur, etc., she took ten drops of tincture 
Cimicifuga three times a day, which accomplished the removal of 
the disease within a few weeks. 
The febrile symptoms of Cimicifuga are more erethistic or irri- 
tative (reflex or sympathetic) than inflammatory or synochal. It 
will rarely be useful in the fevers, except as an intercurrent 
remedy. 
In the exanthematous fevers, it has not been specially recom- 
mended, except by Drs. B. L. Hill and D. S. Smith, who used it 
in variola and varioloid. It certainly does seem indicated in the 
first stage of small-pox, for the intense aching in the extremities, 
head, and back resemble the symptoms of that disease. It even 
causes “ white pustules on the face and neck.” I would advise 
you to keep this remedy in mind in the treatment of variola. 
I have found it useful in the myalgic troubles which often follow 
scarlet fever. It relieves those intolerable pains in the back and 192 
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
limbs, the stiff neck, and muscular cramps, which are such pain- 
ful sequelae of that malady. 
Nightsweats, when not due to suppuration or anaemia, but to 
some fault in the proper supply of nervous energy to the skin, are 
readily arrested by Cimicifuga. 
In the provings, you will observe that cold sweat was quite a 
common symptom, especially after 3 A.M., sometimes lasting all 
day, with weak, irregular pulse, and pain under left breast. 
You will find these symptoms very common in women, and 
sometimes men, whose nervous system has been weakened by long 
illness, trouble or care; and you will find in all such cases that 
the Cimicifuga, in the 3* to 6th dilution, will prove an admirable 
restorative. 
No drug in our Materia Medica uniformly causes such severe 
pain in the head, both internal and external. 
Internally it causes passive congestion or anaemia, according to 
the constitution of the prover. Externally it causes pains in the 
muscles, and the nerves supplying them. 
The character of the pains and distress are, internally: “ a 
sensation as if the temples were compressed,”—dulness and heavi- 
ness in the head, as if he had been on a “ spree;” head felt as if 
it had been pounded, full of something heavy; moving the head or 
turning the eyes causing a sensation as if the cranium was opening 
and shutting; head feels as if he had been without sleep a long 
time; brain feels too large for the cranium, pressing from within 
outward; severe pain in the forehead, extending to the temples 
and vertex, with fulness, heat, and throbbing; when going up 
stairs, a sensation as if the top of the head would fly off; excruci- 
ating pain in the forehead, with coldness of the forehead, and 
severe pain in the eyeballs. Nearly all the pains in the head 
extend to the eyeballs; they are aggravated by movement, relieved 
by the open air; attended by faintness and “sinking,” at the pit 
of the stomach. 
Externally it has severe pain over the right or left eye, extend- 
ing into the eye, and back into the base of the brain ; pain over 
the eyes, extending along (around) to the base of the brain and 
occiput, and nape of the neck; pain in the occipital region, 
with shooting pains down the back of neck ; dull, boring pain 193 
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA, 
over the left superciliary ridge, at 10 a.m. ; pains in the occiput, 
extending to the vertex. 
All these symptoms are trustworthy, and have been verified by 
clinical experience. 
Cimicifuga is indicated in 
Headache resulting from loss of sleep, night-watching, and 
abuse of alcoholic drinks; from mental strain and worry of mind ; 
and from exposure of the head to draughts of cold, damp air. 
It is useful in the following kinds of cephalalgia: 
Congestive headache (passive, perhaps active). 
Nervous headache (periodical or remittent). 
Rheumatic headache (in the muscles—catarrhal). 
Hysterical and menstrual headaches (at change of life). 
Cerebro-spinal headaches. 
In the cerebral irritation of children during teething, when they 
are fretful, feverish, sleepless, the 6tli or 30th has a soothing effect. 
I do not think you will find it useful in acute cerebritis or 
meningitis, but it may be in the chronic. 
Its analogues in head affections are Bryonia, Spigelia, Glonoin, 
Nux Vomica, and Ignatia. 
The eyes are severely acted upon by Cimicifuga. Few drugs 
cause such intense and persistent pain in the eyeballs. The pains 
are chiefly aching, extending to different portions of the head. 
Many of the pains, however, seem fixed in the centre of the eye- 
ball, and simulate rheumatic and neuralgic affections of the eyes. 
In some cases the eyelids become inflamed. One characteristic of 
the eye affection is that in the majority of cases no redness of the 
eyebcdls exists; in other cases, as in Dr. Hill’s proving, the “eyes 
were congested, so as to attract the attention of every one, although 
there was no disagreeable feeling in them.” This discrepancy is 
probably owing to some difference in the constitution or idiosyn- 
crasy of the prover. 
It will probably be found useful in the painful sensitiveness 
of the eyes known as “ ocular hypercesthesia,” for which Spigelia 
is such an excellent remedy. Both should be used in the high 
potencies for this affection. 
It is reported to have cured catarrhal conjunctivitis; and should 
be tried in sclerotitis rheumatica. 194 
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
It causes amaurotic symptoms, “ black specks,” and “double 
vision,” both of which it has cured. 
The catarrhal symptoms, especially of the nasal mucous mem- 
brane, are very decidedly shown in all the provings. But it has 
no special reputation in ordinary catarrh or influenza. It affects 
the laryngeal and bronchial mucous membranes in a similar 
manner. A study of the provings will show, however, that the 
catarrhal irritation rarely goes beyond the serous stage. 
I think the Cimicifuga catarrh is in keeping with its rheumatic 
symptoms. In other words it causes a catarrh which precedes a 
rheumatic attach. Dr. Hill suggests that it causes catarrhal con- 
ditions similar to those produced by a sudden change in winter 
from a cold day to damp thawing by a south wind that melts the 
snow. Now this is the very atmospheric condition that causes 
the severest kind of rheumatism. 
In rheumatic sore throat, rheumatic prosopalgia, and toothache, 
when preceded by the above catarrhal conditions, it is clearly in- 
dicated. 
The older authors recognized a rheumatic bronchitis and pneu- 
monia. Given the other symptoms of Cimicifuga, I should not 
hesitate to advise it in acute bronchitis and pneumonia, preceded 
by the characteristic catarrh. 
It is indicated for the premonitory symptoms of diphtheria, but 
does no good afterward. 
The action of Cimicifuga on the stomach seems to arise from 
its depressing effect on the solar plexus and its sympathetic nerve 
connections. It resembles .the action of Sepia, Digitalis, Murex, 
and Ignatia, all of which produce, like Cimicifuga, that peculiar 
sensation of faintness, sinking and emptiness which attended all the 
provings. This sensation was sometimes attended with nausea 
and vomiting. This faint sensation alternated during the same 
day with a sensation of fulness or repletion. Both sensations result- 
ing from a depression of the same nerve. 
In the nausea and vomiting of drunkards, tea-drinkers, and 
pregnant women, when attended by the above morbid sensations, 
it will act curatively. 
It is well indicated in the vomiting which precedes cerebral and CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
195 
spinal irritations, and the vomiting which is sympathetic with, 
and resulting from, nervous headache. 
There are three diseases of the abdominal structures in which 
you will find Cimicifuga useful: (1.) Rheumatism of the muscular 
tissues. (2.) Neuralgia, often mistaken for peritonitis, especially 
if it occurs after miscarriage and confinement. (3.) Rheumatic 
neuralgia. It does not seem to be homoeopathic to, or useful in 
any abnormal discharge from the bowels. 
It increases the quantity of urine, which is pale and limpid. 
Take the symptoms in connection with the general nervous de- 
pression, sinking at the stomach, etc., and we have good data for 
prescribing it in nervous diabetes, or that condition which fre- 
quently precedes or follows nervous attacks of various kinds, hys- 
teria, and the like. 
The symptoms of the male genital organs are those which might 
attend general rheumatic irritation, affecting the spermatic cord 
and testicles. Its curative action in some cases of spermatorrhoea 
and its consequences is undoubted. 
Cimicifuga is one of our most important remedies in many of 
the diseases of women. 
In amenorrhoea, or delayed appearance of the menses in young 
girls, from deficient nervous energy in the ovaries, and when the 
abnormal nervous influence is directed to other organs, giving rise 
to chorea, hysteria, nervous headaches, etc., the Cimicifuga will 
restore the functions of the reproductive organs to a normal state. 
Should there be, at the same time, with the above conditions, a 
chlorotic state, Helonias or Ferrum should be alternated with this 
remedy. 
In retarded menstruation, when Pulsatilla or Senecio are not 
indicated, and when at the usual menstrual period the discharge 
does not appear, but in its place comes a pressive, heavy headache, 
melancholy, palpitation of the heart, and other reflex symptoms, 
in these cases the Cimicifuga will restore the normal condition of 
the system and cause a regular return of the menses. 
In suppression of the menses from a cold, mental emotions, or 
febrile conditions, when rheumatic pains in the limbs, or intense 
headache, or uterine cramps are present, this remedy will be found 
very useful. In dysmenorrhcea the black snake-root has been used 196 
CIMICIFUGA IIACEMOSA. 
successfully by all schools. The eclectics consider it a sort of pan- 
acea. Many of our own school speak highly of its value. Dr. 
Hill, in his “Epitome/’ advises it in all cases, in alternation with 
Caulophyllum. It is not a general specific, yet it will benefit a 
majority of cases. It is most useful in rheumatic and neuralgic 
cases, but is often of benefit in congestive dysmenorrhcea, when 
alternated with Veratrum viride, or Belladonna. The best method 
of administration in these diseases is to give Cimicifugin, first deci- 
mal, or one-hundredth, three or four times a day during the inter- 
menstrual period, and every hour or thirty minutes during the 
severity of the pain. The Cimicifugin, second or third decimal 
trituration, will in some cases act more satisfactorily than the tinc- 
ture. Several of my colleagues have reported cases of dysmenor- 
rhoea cured or very much relieved bv it. They think more highly 
of the Cimicifugin in the neuralgic type than of Caulophyllin. 
The latter is more indicated in cases complicated with uterine 
spasms or general hysterical convulsions. Dr. Williams sends me 
the record of two severe cases of dysmenorrhoea, probably of a 
rheumatic origin, which were apparently cured under the action of 
Cimicifugin 1st. I have treated many cases of difficult and pain- 
ful menstruation, arising from various causes, and while in all there 
was improvement, in many the morbid condition seemed to be per- 
manently removed. I consider the following symptoms as indi- 
cating its use : Before the menses, the peculiar headache similar 
to that caused by this medicine; during the menses, aching in the 
limbs, severe pain in the back, down the thighs and through the 
hips, with heavy, pressing-down, laborlike pains, weeping mood, 
nervousness, hysteric spasms, cramps, tenderness of the hypogas- 
tric region, scanty flow of coagulated blood, or profuse flow of 
the same character ; between the menses, debility, nervous erethism, 
neuralgic pains, tendency to prolapsus, etc. It is useful in menor- 
rhagia, when the flow is profuse but of a passive character, dark, 
coagulated, and accompanied by the above-mentioned pains. The 
Cimicifugadoes not primarily cause hemorrhage like Sabina, Er- 
igeron, or Crocus, but secondarily, by impairing the tonicity and 
normal vitality of the uterus. 
In leucorrhosa, the eclectics speak highly of its efficacy. The 
late Dr. Morrow, to whom is mainly due the introduction of the CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
197 
remedy into that practice, gained much celebrity by his treatment 
of leucorrhoea with the internal and local application of the Black 
Cohosh. He gave it until it produced and kept up its peculiar 
action on the brain in slight degree; a decoction of the root as an 
enema was used every day. Leucorrhoea may be vaginal, cervical, 
or uterine. In the present state of our knowledge of the action of 
the drug, we cannot point out accurately the particular form of 
leucorrhoea for which it is indicated. It may be beneficial in all 
varieties; the general symptoms must, to a great extent, be our 
guide. Dr. Hill mentions a “ leucorrhoea of long standing cured 
during a week’s proving,” and another case of “leucorrhoea, and 
chronic inflammation and congestion 0f the uterus, cured during 
the proving, while no other symptoms were observed on the 
provers until the disappearance of the uterine disease.” Be- 
lieving in the local as well as general action of a drug, I would 
advise it to be used both topically and internally. The lower 
dilutions seem to act most beneficially. It is now more than 
sixty years since it was claimed by Stearns, in the “American 
Herbal,” to have an especial affinity for the uterus, particularly 
over the menstrual function, and Dr. Tully regards this claim as 
well established by the experience of New England practitioners. 
As a ’parturifacient it was in general use among the Indians in 
the early settlement of this country. Bigelow speaks of it as an 
active agent in facilitating parturition; and Tully says he has 
known many cases where it has produced abortion in pregnant 
women, when prescribed for a cough. The evidence on this head 
is far more full and satisfactory than in regard to its emmena- 
gogue properties. Prof. Lee says : “ It is believed to exert a spe- 
cific influence on the uterine contractions, lasting longer than that 
of Ergot, and followed by less torpor and greater susceptibility 
and capacity for action in the uterus than before its employment. 
Its operation, also, is not attended by that deleterious and stupe- 
fying influence on the foetus which often follows the administration 
of Spurred Bye.” 
It is doubtful if the Ergot acts medicinally on the foetus at all. 
It is the continued, unintermitting pressure of the uterus upon 
the child, or the cord, which causes the coma or asphyxia in the 
infant before birth. 198 
CIMICIFUGA KACEMOSA. 
“After delivery,” adds Professor Lee, “it lias also been exten- 
sively and successfully used for the purpose of inducing firm uterine 
contractions, expelling the placenta, and checking post-partum 
haemorrhages. For this purpose a drachm of the saturated alco- 
holic tincture should be given every half hour, or oftener, until the 
desired effect is produced.” (This dose is enormously large and un- 
necessary. Ten drops is sufficient.) A knowledge of the uterine- 
motor action of Cimicifuga should be appropriated by homoeopa- 
thists. They are capable of making much more valuable use of such 
knowledge than the adherents of other schools of medicine. The 
homoeopathic school gladly avail themselves of the use of Ergot 
in slow and difficult laborsarising from an atonic condition of the 
uterus, or perverted function. I can not give my assent to those 
mythical relations of the effects of theSecale third or thirtieth, in 
causing uterine contractions when deficient during labor; the proof 
is not sufficient. I consider the Cimicifuga, as well as Secale, 
Caulophyllum, and other drugs, possessing similar powers, as be- 
ing secondarily homoeopathic to conditions of uterine inertia. 
To explain : The primary action of Ergot in moderate medicinal 
doses is to cause contractions, more or less persistent, of the mus- 
cular tissues of the uterus. Under the continued action of the 
drug these contractions will become more intense and firm, until, 
from over-stimulation, an opposite condition or muscular atony 
obtains. Now, this latter condition, with its accompanying symp- 
toms, is a secondary effect of the drug, as much due to pathogen- 
etic action as was the primary. When, in practice, we meet with 
similar conditions, i. e., when the uterus, after vam and powerful 
efforts, becomes exhausted, Ergot is the proper remedy if the pri- 
mary symptoms correspond with those of the drug, viz., persistent 
and violent contractions. But if the uterine atony be caused by 
Ergot, then that medicine will not answer our purpose, and wre 
must resort to Cimicifuga, Caulophyllum, Cannabis, or galvanism. 
Secondary states of uterine muscular atony may be brought on by 
all the last-named agents, and for this reason they will all be found 
useful in similar morbid conditions. The dose which should be 
used in such cases should be as large as can be given with safety 
to the patient, and just large enough to arouse the torpid muscular 
tissue. My theory of dose, which experience strongly substan- CIMICIFUGA EACEMOSA. 
199 
tiates, is, that for symptoms which simulate the primary effects of 
the medicine selected as the remedy, minute doses should be ad- 
ministered ; but larger doses for symptoms simulating its secondary 
effects. In resorting to the Cimicifuga in atonic labors, we need 
not give the massive doses of the eclectic school—doses which tend 
to bring on secondary exhaustion. I have found five to ten drops 
of the mother tincture, every fifteen or twenty minutes, to be 
amply sufficient to bring back or arouse the deficient vitality of 
the uterus. But there is an opposite condition of the uterus which 
sometimes obtains during labor, a state of hyperexcitation, in 
which the normal uterine contractions are spasmodic, painful and 
intensely powerful, but intermitting; sometimes with cramps in 
the extremities, and a tendency to general convulsions. Here the 
Cimicifuga is primarily homoeopathic, and a small quantity of the 
third or sixth attenuation will suffice to restore the normal parturi- 
ent action. This medicine will be found useful after labor, in pro- 
ducing firm contraction of the uterus, expelling the placenta, or 
checking post-partum haemorrhage. But I think for this purpose 
the Secale is to be preferred, because of its power to cause firmer 
and more persistent contraction. 
After-pains are often readily relieved by small doses of Cimi- 
cifuga, second or third, or Cimicifugin third. I have used it with 
signal benefit in those cases which seemed to be kept up by a 
neuralgic disposition, or mental and nervous irritability, and the 
patient was sleepless, restless, sensitive, and low-spirited. 
Suppression of the Lochia is treated successfully with this remedy. 
When from a cold or mental emotion the discharge is arrested, 
uterine spasms and cramps in the limbs sometimes occur, accom- 
panied with headache and even delirium. 
A case of this character, which came under my treatment, was 
relieved in a few hours by Cimicifugin, second trit., two grains 
every half hour. Warm fomentations were applied to the abdomen 
and vulva, as should always be the practice in such instances. 
It is also useful for the relief of those bearing-down pains, in- 
dications for prolapsus, which women frequently suffer from after 
severe confinement. It is eminently homoeopathic to a tendency 
to abortion. It has caused abortion in many instances, and is 
commonly resorted to for that purpose by reckless women, and 200 
CIMICIFUGA KACEMOSA. 
advised by still more reckless physicians. It has been successfully 
used in instances of “habitual abortion,” with the result of pre- 
venting; the usual miscarriage in the second and third months. 
But unless the general symptoms correspond, Caulophyllum, Sa- 
bina, Viburnum, or Helonias will have to be selected. When 
the chill, uterine pain, tenderness of the hypogastric region, and 
flooding, have already set in, and the loss of the fcetus becomes 
imminent, the Cimicifuga in small doses may arrest the progress 
of the morbid process, provided the membranes have not become 
extensively detached. If the separated portion be slight, and the 
patient be kept quiet, and the proper remedies given (Aletris vi- 
burnum), I believe it possible to prevent a further separation. If 
all hope of saving the foetus be abandoned, and the uterus is de- 
ficient in expulsive power, then this medicine may be given, as 
recommended for uterine atony in labors. 
But no physician should rely alone upon medicinal action in such 
cases. The sponge or sea-tangle tent, placental forceps and blunt 
hook, should be used early and efficiently, to effect the entire re- 
moval of the contents of the uterus. 
Sterility, when not due to extensive ulceration, or other structural 
changes in the uterus, may be cured by Cimicifuga. Among the 
causes of sterility, by which I mean, inability to conceive, which 
are removed by this remedy, are congestion of the cervix, thereby 
closing the cervical canal; deficiency of nervous energy, accom- 
panied with melancholy; feeble circulation, scanty menstruation, 
lack of sexual desire, etc. 
Prolapsus uteri is often removed by this remedy, especially 
when occurring in nervous, melancholy subjects, and is the result 
of abortions, cervical congestion, or deficient nerve-innervation. 
Two key-symptoms indicate it in prolapsus, namely, melancholy, 
and “sinking” at the pit of the stomach. Helonias also has the 
former and Sepia the latter, but in both I think the pathological 
conditions are different from those cured by Cimicifuga. 
Ovarian disorders, of a nervous rather than inflammatory or 
structural character, will often find a specific in Cimicifuga. 
Ovarian neuralgia is perhaps as often cured by it as by any other 
remedy. In this affection it is specially indicated when the ovarian 
pains are reflected, or change their location to other portions of 
the body, as the leg of the same side, the region under the left CIMICIFUGA EACEMOSA. 
201 
breast, or extend up the whole side to the shoulder. It causes 
congestion of the head, the uterus, and other organs, and, very 
likely, the ovaries. As ovarian disorder is usually attended with 
abnormally depressed states of mind, the Cimicifuga is as often 
indicated as Platinum, with which it closely affiliates in many 
respects. 
In 'puerperal mania it has been found curative by all schools. 
Many cases successfully treated by it have been published in our 
literature, some in the eclectic, and a few in the allopathic. The 
late Professor Simpson reports a case called by him “ puerperal 
hypochondriasis/’ in which he had tried all the usual remedies. 
He gave the enormous dose of fifty drops of the tincture thrice a 
day. He says : “ In eight or ten days she was altered and changed 
in a marvellous degree, but all for the better. On the third or 
fourth day, she informed me that the cloud of misery which had 
been darkening her existence suddenly began to dissolve and 
dispel, and in a day or two more she felt perfectly well again, in 
gayety, spirits, and energy.” He adds that nothing would induce 
her to give it up, but took it for six weeks longer! And no 
pathogenetic symptoms! What will the ultra high dilutionists 
say to this? Does it not prove that the danger of medicinal ag- 
gravations from appreciable doses is very much aggravated? The 
fact is, that if a medicine is homoeopathic to a case, it will cure 
in any dose, in a high or low attenuation. (See Dr. Dunham’s 
cure of just such a case as the above with the 200th.) 
Dystocia is one of those abnormal conditions which come clearly 
under the domain of homoeopathic medication. It is useless to cling 
to the antiquated superstition that a woman must suffer “ pangs of 
childbirth.” Dystocia is always the result of an abnormal con- 
dition of the tissues concerned in the functions of childbearing. 
I do not wish to have you understand that a majority of cases of 
painful labor can be remedied by medicines. I have attended 
very many women who did not suffer to any degree; they ex- 
pressed themselves as caring very little for the pains. Nor wrere 
these women all healthy. But this abnormal phase was somehow 
absent, or nearly so. I have also attended many women whose 
previous labors had been exceedingly painful, almost unendurable 
without Ether, but, owing to the administration of Cimicifuga 
YOL. II.—14 202 
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
(luring the last weeks of pregnancy they suffered very little. So 
many of these cases have occurred in my practice and in that of 
my colleagues, that it is not proper to affect skepticism or un- 
belief. As a rule, first labors are painful and protracted, while 
subsequent ones are less so; but if five or six are very painful, 
and each one seems to be more painful than the last, we cannot 
expect the seventh to be painless, except from some remedial in- 
terference. Now, if in such cases Cimicifuga, Caulophylluin, or 
Viburnum is given, and the woman’s next labor is easy, what are 
we to think? Evidently, that the medicine effected a change of 
condition from abnormal to normal. 
In such cases give the Cimicifuga at least two weeks previous 
to the expected date of labor, in doses of one to ten drops, two or 
three times a day; the doses repeated oftener as the date ap- 
proaches. 
In irritable uterus, that condition once described by Gooch, 
and lately declared by Hewitt to be a condition of flexion, the 
Cimicifuga is an admirable remedy when the pains seem like those 
of rheumatism or neuralgia. If they are decidedly spasmodic— 
cratnpy—Viburnum is the specific. In irritation of the uterus, 
such as occurs at the change of life, when the menses are irregular, 
and the pains are more or less periodical, in the lumbar regions, 
or in the side, or in the top of the head, at night, this remedy 
rarely fails to relieve. 
Mammary pains of a reflex character, occurring during preg- 
nancy, with dysmenorrhoea, or at the climacteric, and even after 
confinement, are also included in the curative sphere of this medi- 
cine. 
Phlegmasia alba dolens is not always alba. The swelling is 
sometimes very red, and assumes all the characters of acute 
rheumatism. In such cases Cimicifuga is the remedy. It is not 
the remedy alone when it is due to septicaemia or absorption of 
morbid secretions, in which case Baptisia, Arsenicum, and Carbolic 
acid should be used. But this disease is sometimes the result of 
exposure, added to the contusion of the veins and nerves, and calls 
for Cimicifuga, Aconite, Arnica, Apis, and ITamamelis. 
(I do not advise “ Macrotin ” in all cases, because I do not 
believe it contains all the medical properties of the drug, any more 
than Liebig’s Extract of Beef contains all the nutritious qualities 203 
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
of beefsteak. It may prove useful in a large proportion of eases, 
but when it fails yoq will often find that the tincture of Cimicifuga 
will cure. I adhere to the name of Cimicifugm, because both 
“ Actsea” and “Macrotys” are obsolete according to recent bota- 
nists. The active principle, moreover, should be called “Cimi- 
cifugin.” Remember, too, that you should not order the “tincture 
of Macrotin,” as has been done.) 
The laryngeal and bronchial irritations of Cimicifuga are either 
reflex or rheumatic. It has cured the reflex cough of pregnancy 
and uterine irritation. I can hardly understand the high estimate 
by which it was held by Drs. Tully, Hildreth and Lee (allopaths) 
in pulmonary affections. Here is what they say of it: 
Dr. Gardner used it in his own case for the following symp- 
toms : Pulse 100 to 120, harassing cough, purulent expectoration, 
pains in the right breast and side, hectic paroxysms, loss of flesh 
and strength, frequent haemoptysis, and deranged stomach and 
liver; cured in a few months. 
Dr. Plildreth says: “In phthisis, in nearly every instance the 
pulse was reduced to near the natural standard, the hectic symp- 
toms disappeared, and with it the cough and other symptoms.” 
Pie also removed “those intermittent congestions and inflam- 
mations so frequent in the second and third stages of phthisis, 
when they arose from atmospheric exposure.” 
Drs. Lee, Wood, and Chapman give similar testimony. In 
homoeopathic practice it has not succeeded in getting a reputation 
in pulmonary troubles, although it has an excellent one in pleuro- 
dynia and intercostal rheumatism, both of which conditions are 
found to be present in nearly all cases of pulmonary phthisis. 
I would suggest its more extensive use in chronic diseases of 
the lungs, not alone, for I doubt if it affects the parenchyma of 
the lungs, but in alternation with Sanguinaria, Phosphorus, Kali 
carb., Stannum, and others. 
In pleurisy it may be useful, but I prefer Bryonia. They act 
very well in alternation, in both pleurisy and pleurodynia. 
For those obstinate reflex pains in the left side, occurring in 
women, generally the unmarried, this remedy is as nearly a spe- 
cific as can be. 
These pains are said to arise from uterine or ovarian irritation. 204 
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA—CISTUS CANADENSIS. 
They occur “under the left mamma, or under both; they often 
extend up to the left shoulder and down the arm ; they frequently 
change to other localities, as the back, neck, and head.” 
Under the use of Cimicifuga, lx, they are nearly always pal- 
liated and cured if no structural lesion exists in the uterus or 
ovaries. 
Diseases of the heart are cured or greatly palliated by Cimi- 
cifuga. It is useful in 
Endocarditis, especially idiopathic or rheumatic. 
Pericarditis, in alternation with Aconite, Spigelia, or Bryonia. 
Cardiac myalgia, which is often mistaken for true angina pectoris. 
Cardiac debility, characterized by irregular palpitation, with in- 
termitting and weak pulse. 
Its symptoms are so similar to Digitalis, that it is often impos- 
sible to select between them. The history of the case will decide. 
If the symptoms of cardiac debility are primary, i. e., arising from 
nervous atony, the Cimicifuga is primarily indicated. If the con- 
dition is a secondary one—arising from previous excitement— 
Digitalis is better indicated. 
Chorea of the heart—a disorder now admitted to exist, even 
when no other choreic symptoms appear. It is characterized by 
tumultuous, irregular, unexpected, and strange motions of the heart, 
aggravated by emotions, and subsiding during sleep. 
I have cured with it many cases of cardiac disorders, such as I 
have just mentioned, and consider that in its sphere Cimicifuga is 
one of our most potent cardiac remedies. It is a veritable poly- 
chrest, with a marked individuality, and will do good service in 
practice. 
CISTUS CANADENSIS, 
The Rock-rose, or Ice-plant, has long been esteemed as a pop- 
ular remedy in Scrofula. It was partially proven and incorpor- 
ated into our Materia Medica by Dr. Hering, who had a high 
estimate of its properties. He suggests that as it grows by prefer- 
ence in a soil abounding in Magnesia (talc), it ought to follow 
Magnesia. Is Magnesia one of its inorganic constituents? If so, 
some Magnesia symptoms might be cured by it. A study of the 
pathogenesis cannot fail to impress you with its similarity to some CISTUS CANADENSIS. 
205 
of the antipsorics, namely: Calcarea, Corydalis, Graphites, Hepar 
sulphur, Phytolacca, and Stillingia. It has some resemblance to 
Belladonna, Paris quad., Kali bich., and Lachesis, especially its 
throat symptoms. Like the above antipsorics it has made some 
brilliant cures of swelling and suppuration of the cervical and lym- 
phatic glands. 
It has cured scrofulous abscesses located on the neck, shoulders, 
hips, and other portions of the body. Scrofulous hip disease (called 
u white swelling of the hip ”), with fistulous openings leading to 
the bone, and ulcers on the surface, with nightsweats. This 
case was cured in thirty-nine days by a decoction of the plant. 
Eruptions : scrofulous; tetter; chronic erysipelas; boils beginning 
with a blister; and lupus of the face, all come under its curative 
power. 
It has a decided affinity for mucous membranes, or rather for 
the glandular structures imbedded in them. 
Beginning with the eyes, you will find it has cured scrofulous 
ophthalmia ; in the mouth, scorbutic gums, swollen, separating from 
the teeth, bleeding easily, putrid. In the throat and air-passages it 
gives us a vivid picture of chronic catarrh with strumous disease 
of the glands of those passages. 
I am surprised that with the following striking symptoms, it has 
not been used to a greater extent by all physicians. It causes dry- 
ness of the tongue and roof of the mouth. Inhaling cold air caused 
soreness and pain in the throat, feeling of dryness, heat, and as if 
sand was in throat. Rawness extending from the chest into the 
throat. He is constantly obliged to swallow saliva to relieve an 
unbearable dryness, especially at night, or from 1 p.m. to 1 a.m. 
A small dry spot in the gullet (?) for a year, then general dry- 
ness of throat, better after eating, worse after sleeping, as if tear- 
ing asunder ; he must get up and drink water ; the inside of the 
throat looks glassy ; on the back of the throat are strips of tough 
mucus (Lachesis, Kali bich.). 
Periodical itching of the throat; tickling and soreness of the 
throat; in morning sore pain and dryness of throat. (Hep.) 
Tearing pain in the throat when coughing ; stitching in the throat 
causing cough ; cough aggravated by every mental excitement 
(Phos.); expectoration of bitter mucus. Fauces inflamed and dry, 206 
CISTUS CANADENSIS—COCA. 
without feeling dry ; tough, gumlike, thick, tasteless phlegm, 
brought up by hawking. 
I would advise you to use it in the catarrhal throat and bron- 
chial affections so prevalent nowadays. 
In domestic practice, I frequently hear it highly lauded for 
chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. Dr. Comstock, of St. Louis, re- 
ported several cures from the use of the infusion. In Hering’s 
provings the following symptoms appear : 
All night, till daybreak, thin stool, squirting out, grayish- 
yellow in color, thin and hot. 
The chronic dysentery which it cures is probably of the same 
nature as the chronic laryngitis and bronchitis. 
COCA. 
The leaves of the plant. Erythroxylon Coca have, from the ear- 
liest authentic accounts, been used by the natives of Peru for the 
purpose of stimulating the nervous energies, much as the Chinese 
use tea, the Arabians coffee, the Asiatics Cannabis indica, and 
the American aborigines tobacco. Every nation has its peculiar 
nervous stimulant, which is at the same time, in different quanti- 
ties, a calmative or nervine. Coca is an analogue of Paullinia, 
Scutellaria, Cypripedium, and Valeria, as well as the other nerve 
stimulants above named. The primary action of this whole class 
is to excite the energies of the nerve-centres. While the system is 
under their primary effects, the person is enabled to perform more 
arduous labors, severer exercise, and stronger mental exertions. 
The thoughts flow with unwonted freedom, and the scope of imagi- 
nation and fancy is enlarged. Sleep is not as necessary to the 
organism; in other words the system can go longer without the 
repose of sleep. Unfortunately the secondary effects of all this 
class—if the drug or beverage is taken to excess—is a corresponding 
depression of the nervous energies, with a loss of the normal ca- 
pacity for mental and physical labor. 
During the primary effects the senses are all more alert, the 
perceptions keener, and they are not morbidly irritable ; while a 
sufferer from the secondary effects finds that he is irritable in body 
and mind, his nerves have lost their tone, and are shattered iu 207 
COCA. 
proportion as he has abused the stimulant. The first use of Coca 
in the United States was as a tobacco antidote. I do not know 
the originator, but suspect it was the erratic Dio Lewis, M.D. In 
the many cases in which I saw it tried, no permanent good re- 
sulted from its use. 
If you will refer to the symptoms of the mental sphere in 
Remedies,” fourth edition, you can readily separate’ the primary 
from the secondary. 
I doubt if the drug will ever come into extensive use in our 
school in the treatment of diseases, unless they are complicated 
with or are caused by abuse of other nerve-stimulants. It 
may be a good antidote to the secondary effects of tea, coffee, and 
perhaps Opium. You may find it useful in some nervous affections 
of the eyes. It causes white spots, dark spots, and fiery spots be- 
fore the eyes (Chloral has—“ everything looks white ”). 
It has symptoms closely resembling the dyspepsia and cardialgia 
caused hy abuse of tea and coffee; it may be worth a trial in such 
cases. 
These symptoms of the respiratory organs are very striking. 
The natives of Peru after chewing the leaves or drinking the tea 
are enabled to climb with ease the highest mountains, and carry 
heavy loads where the air is so rare that the traveller (unless he 
takes the Coca) can breathe only with the utmost difficulty. It 
is said to prevent the hcemorrhages caused by high altitudes and 
rare air. 
In partial paralysis of the nerves of respiration it may be very 
useful in removing or palliating the distressing dyspnoea, or it may 
be very useful in the dyspnoea of weak persons, who easily get 
“out of breath ” during the slightest physical exertion. 
You may find it a valuable palliative in emphysema and pul- 
monary oedema. It may even assist in the cure of these distressing 
conditions. 
I have used it with apparent good results in some cases of 
functional heart disorder, and in one of organic disease, to relieve 
the excessive dyspnoea. It palliated some, and seemed to be the 
chief means of cure in others. 
It is indicated in that condition which we so often find in women 
and children, which is best described by the word “ fidgetiness,” 208 
COCA— CODEINE—COLLINSONIA. 
or nervous erethism. The patient can find no rest anywhere; 
wants to sleep but cannot; finally becomes hysterical; feels like 
fainting; wants to be alone in the dark. (The Stramonium 
patient likes company and light.) 
In the cases just mentioned the 6th or 30th attenuations appear 
to be best indicated ; while for dyspnoea, the matrix tincture must 
be used. 
CODEINE, 
This name is given to one of the alkaloids of Opium. It has 
been very little used by the allopaths, probably on account of its 
enormous price, about six dollars per drachm. 
The provings do not evolve many symptoms other than we can 
find in provings of Morphia. 
A few homoeopathic physicians use it as an anodyne instead of 
Morphia, but it has no special recommendation superior to the 
Morph, acet. 
Dr. Marcy used it in the 5th dilution in a case of twitching of 
both eyelids after reading, a symptom I have often cured with 
Hyoscyamus. 
He also gave it in troublesome night cough of consumptives. It 
is said to cure severe neuralgia of the stomach and solar plexus ; 
but we get this from allopathic authority. 
COLLINSONIA. 
This indigenous plant has a root so very hard, knotty, and 
tough that the name of stone-root has been given it by the country 
people. 
A thorough knowledge of the qualities of this medicine has not 
yet been attained. There are many doubtful points about its 
action which need elucidating. 
I propose to give a study of its action based on the facts relating 
to its use. By this method we shall avoid bending the facts to 
suit a preconceived theory. From all available sources we learn 
that it has been successful in the treatment of: 
(1.) Bruises, sores, wounds, sprains, and contusions. 
(2.) Constipation and htemorrhoids. 209 
COLLINSONIA. 
(3.) Flatulent colic, indigestion, diarrhoea, and dysentery. 
(4.) Dysmenorrhoea, urinary difficulties, and varicocele. 
(5.) Haemorrhage from the lungs. 
(6.) Irritable heart. 
Now what shall be said of the sphere of action of a medicine use- 
ful in those conditions ? Is it analogous in its action to AEsculus, 
Arnica, Aloes, Dioscorea, Hamamelis, Hydrastis, Ignatia, and 
Sulphur? 
I feel inclined to say that its special action is on the portal sys- 
tem, and its connections. How else are we to account for its va- 
ried action. The question then arises, how does it act on this sys- 
tem of bloodvessels? With much hesitancy I will state that I 
believe its primary action is to contract the calibre of the 'portal 
veins. I am not sure but it has a similar action on all the blood- 
vessels, and even the heart. 
Its common use by the country people, who use it as we use 
Arnica, and assert that it causes the rapid disappearance of ex- 
travasations, local congestions from injuries, etc., goes to show 
that it has a decided action on the capillary vessels. Again, its 
popularity in flatulent colic, indigestion, and diarrhoea, would go 
to show that it has a specific curative action in such cases. In Dr. 
Burt’s provings it caused severe griping in the hypogastrium, with 
flatulence and diarrhoea, bloody stools, also nausea and faint feel- 
ings. Decided bilious symptoms were evolved in his provings, 
and such irritation of the lower bowels as would lead to haemor- 
rhoids and congestion of the pelvic viscera in general. 
We see by this that it is capable of originating irritations which 
would lead to all the conditions of the bowels and pelvic viscera 
which it is said to have cured. 
There is no doubt of its action on the urinary organs. It has 
cured disorders supposed to be due to gravel, catarrh of the blad- 
der, and dropsy from deficient action of the kidneys. 
It certainly acts on the organs of generation. Reports show its 
curative powers in prolapsus uteri, in dysmenorrhoea, in varico- 
cele, pruritus, amenorrhoea, menorrhagia, vicarious menstrua- 
tion, and threatened abortion. 
But what is the keynote for its use in all these affections ? The 
pathological condition present I believe is passive congestion, and 210 
COLLINSONIA. 
the keynote is the presence of haemorrhoids. In other words, 
nearly all the troubles cured by Collinsonia, having their location 
below the diaphragm, are either dependent on the same conditions 
that caused the presence of haemorrhoids, or were due to the irri- 
tating effect of the piles on contiguous organs. 
I also believe that these conditions are due to the secondary ef- 
fects of the drug ; and that the colic, diarrhoea, bilious symptoms, 
nausea, etc., noted by Burt, are primary symptoms. For the 
former, appreciable doses have been found most efficacious; for 
the latter, higher attenuations have been most effectual. 
Let it be noted that a study of the testimony relative to its 
cures in various disorders goes to show that all the cases were as- 
sociated with haemorrhoids. This is especially true of the consti- 
pation, uterine disorders, urinary difficulties, and even affections 
of the male genital organs. 
The Collinsonia removes the congested state of the hsemorrhoidal 
vessels, and the disorders of contiguous organs and tissues disap- 
pear. 
But how are we to account for its cures of affections of the 
body above the diaphragm ? It has cured headache, haemoptysis, 
and irritable heart. 
The headache we might safely assert was due to biliousness, or 
was that variety which precedes piles, or attends the suppression 
of their bleeding. 
We might suppose its specific power over the bloodvessels of 
the lungs, and on the heart, was due to its power of contracting 
them, or giving tone to their muscular fibre. But there is one 
fact recorded by observers which may throw some light on the 
subject, namely: The haemoptysis supervened upon suppression 
of a hsemorrhoidal flux, and the piles returned after the haemop- 
tysis ceased! 
In Dr. Liebold’s case, however, the patient supposed he never 
had piles, but he was very constipated, and a bleeding from the 
rectum preceded the haemoptysis. The sputa was “ very tough, 
dark coagulae of blood, as large as a bean, enveloped in a viscid 
phlegm.” 
Some cases of cardiac irritability are distinctly traceable to 
suppressed haemorrhoidal bleeding, or the non-appearance of ha- COLLINSONIA. 
211 
bitual piles. This the Collinsonia has cured, but it also has cured 
irritable heart, when the general health of the patient appeared 
good. 
It is somewhat singular that Burt experienced no heart-symp- 
toms. Perhaps their absence was because he was not expecting 
them. I suspect that many of the symptoms of our Materia Med- 
ica have their origin in the power of expectation. It may have 
been because the heart-symptoms are always sequential,—i. e., 
must be preceded for some time by irritation or congestion of 
other organs. 
I believe it acts on the heart in two ways—(1) by removing ob- 
structions or irritations in the liver, portal system, or kidneys; 
(2) by increasing its muscular tonicity, in the same manner that 
it increases the tone of the muscular fibres of the stomach, intes- 
tines and bloodvessels. 
Varicosis, as a general disorder, may come under the curative 
sphere of Collinsonia. I would advise its use in such condition, 
when Hamamelis, Pulsatilla, and Sulphur fail. Its curative ef- 
fects would seem to prove its affinity for varicose conditions. 
Piles are a kind of varicosis; so is varicocele. Pruritus of the 
vulva in pregnant women has been cured by it. Now pruritus is 
often due to a varicose condition. Dr. Cushing’s case was one of 
varicosis evidently, for he makes no mention of aphthae, and he 
says the parts (vulva, etc.) were “dark red (purple?) and protrud- 
ing.” Pruritus often precedes varicose veins of the leg, and the 
varicose ulcer. 
I suspect it affects the venous side of the heart, in preference. 
But I do not think its exact field in cardiac disease is yet defina- 
ble. / 
Dr. Fenner cures with Collinsonia cases which he calls 11 irrita- 
tion of the cardiac nerves, a functional disorder of the heart, with 
rapid, regular or irregular beating; pulse 130 to 140 per minute; 
the slightest motion or excitement aggravates the symptoms; pe- 
riodical spells of faintness and oppression; attacks of syncope, with 
fulness of the chest, dyspnoea, and great prostration.” 
It is said to be useful in valvular diseases, and some cases illus- 
trating its value in disease of the mitral valve have been published. 
It allays the distressing cough attending some heart difficulties. 212 
COLLINSONIA—CUCURBITA PEPO SEMEN. 
And with some physicians it is esteemed very highly for all hard, 
shaking coughs, with or without expectoration. 
It is in haemorrhoids and their consequences or complications, 
however, that this drug has achieved its greatest triumphs. Drs. 
Carroll, Fowler, Holcombe, Lord, Barnes, Franklin, and Hughes 
all agree upon its great value in obstinate and chronic 'piles, bleed- 
ing or not, but always attended by constipation. 
I am inclined to believe that its curative powers in disorders of 
the organs of generation of women (and men) depend almost 
wholly on the disorders of the rectum which it causes. Hr. Storer, 
of Boston, believes that a large proportion of uterine diseases de- 
pend on rectal disorders. Dr. Storer is doubtless correct in his 
estimate. In every case of uterine disorder, you should carefully 
inquire into the condition of the intestines, the bowels, and rectum. 
You will often find the cause therein, and you will very often find 
Collinsonia a remedy which will prove far more useful than the 
ordinary medicines prescribed in such cases. What Sepia is to 
chronic diseases, Collinsonia is to the acute. 
CUCURBITA PEPO SEMEN. 
The seeds of the ordinary pumpkin have long had a reputation 
as a demulcent diuretic, for the relief of strangury and other uri- 
nary difficulties. The same may be said of the seeds of the water- 
melon, musk-melon, cucumber, and all that family. 
But the pumpkin seed has a value which you would hardly 
expect from a seed so mild and edible. In fact, it is doubtful if 
they possess any actual medicinal properties as we understand it; 
for the seeds may be eaten in any quantity sufficient to satisfy 
hunger, with no other result than profuse urination. 
The property I refer to is the power of the pumpkin seed to aid 
in the expulsion of tape-worms (tseniae). I use the word to aid, 
for the reason that we are not certain that the effects of the seed 
alone would expel the worms or even poison them. It may do 
nothing more than gorge them to such repletion that they lose 
their power of adhesion to the intestine. In apparent contradiction 
to this supposition is the recorded assertion that the oil expressed CUCURBITA PEPO SEMEN. 
213 
from the seeds, as well as an infusion of the seeds, has destroyed 
taenise. 
Various methods of administration have been advised. One 
authority advises one ounce of the peeled seeds to be taken on an 
empty stomach, followed in six hours by a dose of Castor oil. 
Another directs two ounces to be beaten up with sugar into an 
electuary, or with water into an emulsion, and taken fasting in 
the morning, the patient having dieted the previous day, and a 
brisk purge taken some hours after. 
My method, and I have expelled a great many with it, is to 
direct the patient to eat but little of the lightest food all day, take 
no supper, and on going to bed eat one ounce of the peeled seeds 
bruised, with milk or cream. In the morning, on waking, take a 
tablespoonful of Castor oil mixed with half a teaspoonful of pure 
Sulphuric ether. Vo breakfast is to be eaten—only a cup of tea 
or coffee. In two or three hours the oil will operate, expelling 
the worm. 
I have seen them expelled without the use of the oil and Ether, 
especially in children; but in adults I think they had better be 
taken. 
The Ether undoubtedly plays an important part in the expul- 
sion of the parasite, for it has lately been advised alone, and is 
said to succeed in expelling tapeworm, in doses of 30 to 60 drops, 
taken fasting. It is supposed to stupefy the worm, during which 
condition it drops from its attachment, and is carried along the 
intestines until it is expelled. 
The oil of pumpkin seed is recommended to be taken in doses of 
half an ounce, fasting, followed in six hours by another half 
ounce, mixed with an ounce of Castor oil. 
Half the above quantity will be a sufficient dose in the case of 
children under twelve years. 
In this connection I will mention some other remedies for tape- 
worm which you may be obliged to resort to, for, although the 
pumpkin seed is the safest and is generally efficient, there are 
cases where, owing to some idiosyncrasy in the worm (not the 
patient), the seeds fail to destroy it. 
The next best agent is undoubtedly the Oleo-resin of the male 
fern (Filix mas). The patient should live upon bread and a little 214 
CUCURBITA PEPO SEMEN CYANUEET OF MERCURY. 
milk for one day, and the following morning take a full dose of 
30 to 60 drops, fasting, repeating it in three hours. At noon the 
patient may eat food, and in the evening a cathartic is to be 
taken. I would advise the Castor oil and Ether as above. I 
have somewhere seen, in homoeopathic works on practice, a rec- 
ommendation to give the attenuations of Filix mas. Such a 
practice is simply absurd. 
Kousso (Brayera) has a high reputation as being.the most effi- 
cient remedy against tape-worm. Baehr advises it in preference 
to any remedy. It causes less pain and inconvenience than any 
other agent except the pumpkin seed. The powdered flowers in 
doses of half an ounce, or twenty to forty grains of the resin 
Koussin, is prescribed to be taken suspended in water, in the 
morning. No purgative is necessary, as it causes loose watery 
passages with but little pain and nausea. The worm is usually 
expelled dead in the last passages. 
Granatum (the bark of the pomegranate), has been used, but it 
is harsh and unpleasant. 
Turpentine is unsafe and even dangerous. 
Kameela is sometimes efficient, but inferior in efficacy to the 
first named. 
The rules laid down by Hahnemann, Hartman, Hering, and 
others, appear to me, as they do to Baehr, to be superfluous. The 
tapeworm does not depend for its existence on any dvserasia of 
the system, but it is introduced from without with the food, and 
must be expelled or destroyed, just as we should destroy a snake 
or any other reptile living in the stomach or intestines. 
CYANURET OF MERCURY. 
This drug is almost as poisonous as the Cyanide of potassium. 
It may not kill as suddenly, but the sufferings of the victim are 
a hundred times more intense. 
In cases of poisoning by this agent we have all the symptoms 
of Hydrocyanic acid, to which are added the terrible effects of 
Corrosive mercury. Worse than this, even, we have a picture of 
the most malignant forms of diphtheria. The following are its 
characteristic symptoms: CYANURET OF MERCURY. 
215 
“The tongue is pale, with a yellowish streak on the base; swol- 
len, with red edges. 
“ The throat looks rough ; pharynx red and injected. • 
“ Gums swollen, and covered with a white adherent layer, under 
which is found a violet border. 
“ A white opaline layer forms on the columns of the velum 
palati and tonsils; on the inside of the right cheek was a round 
ulcer with a grayish base, the borders as if cut out and sur- 
rounded with great redness. 
“ The lips, tongue, and inside of the cheeks dotted by ulcer- 
ations, and covered by a grayish-white coating. 
“ A pseudo-membranous formation extends all over the fauces 
and down the throat. 
“ Inflammation of the whole buccal cavity, with salivation, 
fetid breath, and great pain on swallowing.” 
We have here a picture of malignant diphtheria accompanied 
by ulceration. This pathological condition, coupled with the sud- 
denness and severity of the attack, fully indicate this drug above 
all others. 
The concomitant symptoms are equally important as an indica- 
tion, namely : epistaxis, cerebral congestion, pupils contracted, syn- 
cope, loss of consciousness, vomiting, diarrhoea, diphtheritic forma- 
tions on other portions of the mucous membrane, and even the 
skin. 
The diphtheritic process attacks the kidneys, causing one of the 
worst varieties of Bright’s disease, and it may prove to be one of 
our best remedies in the croupous form of nephritis, and in albu- 
minuria following diphtheria and scarlatina. 
I once saw an epidemic of malignant scarlatina, which presented 
nearly all the symptoms and conditions caused by this drug. It 
had not been introduced into our Materia Medica at that time, or 
I might have saved some cases. 
Malignant dysentery is closely imitated by the symptoms of the 
Cyanuret of mercury. It is attended by great prostration, putrid 
bloody stools, diphtheritic patches at the anus, ulceration, gan- 
grene, and finally collapse and death. 
It causes phlebitis and varicosis, and ought to be specific in the 
worst cases, as well as varicose ulcers. 216 
CYANURET OF MERCURY—CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
Physicians have reported cases cured by Mercury cyanide of 
what they termed malignant membranous croup, but it is evident 
that tire croupous symptoms were due to an extension of the de- 
posit or exudation to the air-passages. 
I would suggest its possible usefulness in those cases of sudden 
paralysis, or sudden heart failure, which occurs after attacks of 
diphtheria, even when it has been supposed to be non-malignant 
in its character. 
Among other remedies for diphtheria, none resemble it in in- 
tensity of action; but those which approach it nearest are Kali 
caustic, Kali bich., and Lachesis. 
The 6th dilution or trituration is as low as it can be safely used 
for children; the 3d cent, in adults. The use of this medicine 
alone, or in connection with a gargle or spray of Chloride of lime 
(Liq. calcis chlor., 5j ; Aqua, §iv), is the best treatment now 
known for this terrible disease. 
CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
This drag, sometimes called the Cyanuret of potassium, is one 
of the most violent poisons known. Its action is very similar to 
Hydrocyanic acid. Its analogues are Prunus, Lycopus, Lauro- 
cerasus, Digitalis, and Amygdala. Three grains are sufficient to 
destroy life in a human adult. 
Allopathic physicians are very cautious how they use this 
medicine. Their utter disbelief in the value of inappreciable doses 
unfits them for the selection and administration of such agents. 
The poisonous effects of this salt do not differ essentially from 
the acid. It has been proved by numerous experiments that the 
latter “acts through the blood, directly upon the cerebral and 
spinal centres, and indirectly upon the lungs and heart, probably 
first suspending respiration through the want of the proper nervous 
influence to the pulmonary function; and secondly, arresting the 
heart’s action through the want of blood from the lungs. Death, 
therefore, takes place through asphyxia. Hence the general ven- 
ous congestion observed after death, affecting the brain, lungs, etc. 
The insensibility, however, is the antecedent of the asphyxia, and 
depends not upon the want of blood in the brain, but upon the 
immediate paralyzing influence of the poison.” CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. 
217 
I do not see why it may not paralyze the heart, directly, as well 
as the brain ; but some facts seem to point to the contrary, for it 
is asserted that u the heart continues to beat after respiration has 
ceased.” 
Prescribed according to the law of similia, it can be used in all 
cases where the provings of the acid show that it is indicated, for 
its union with Potassium does not effect any change in that 
respect, although we may get additional symptoms belonging to 
the alkali. 
The keynote, or characteristic primary condition or symptom 
indicating the Cyanide is the suddenness and severity of the attacks. 
A woman who took 12 grains fell as if struck by lightning, and 
died in 40 minutes. In fatal poisoning by the Hydrocyanic acid, 
death has occurred in less than a minute. 
I believe that you will find it useful in those rare cases of 
cerebrospinal congestion which have been known to throw the 
victim into fatal or dangerous coma in less than half an hour; or 
in cases of apoplexy from venous congestion, striking the patient 
down with equal suddenness. 
We find recorded among its symptoms “ severe sudden pain in 
the head, vertigo, and sensation of weight and great pain in the 
back of the head.” 
It has cured some very intense periodic neuralgias, viz.: 
(1.) Torturing neuralgic headache in orbital and supramaxillary 
region; the pains recurring daily at the same hour, with much 
flushing of that side of the face. 
(2.) Agonizing attacks of neuralgic pains between the temporal 
region, ciliary arch, and maxillary, with screams and apparent 
loss of sensibility, as if struck with apoplexy; pulse 84, face 
flushed. 
(3.) Severe neuralgic pains in temporal region and left upper 
jaw, daily at 4 P.M., increasing till 10 A.M., and ceasing at 4 P.M.; 
in the interval, anorexia, fever, headache, etc. Similar cases have 
been cured by Arsenic, Quinine, Atropia, Chelidonium, and Nux 
vomica, but the diagnostic difference in favor of the Cyanide is the 
suddenness and severity of the paroxysm. 
The dose in such cases (or in any case) should not exceed the 
1st centesimal trituration, in a one-grain dose, repeated every hour 
YOL. II,—15 218 
CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM—CYPRIPEDIUM. 
or two in the apyrexia, and every fifteen minutes during the par- 
oxysm. Allopathists direct the maximum dose to be one-eighth 
of a grain. The or would be safe for an adult. A dilution 
containing T-frn grain to a drop makes an eligible preparation, as 
the 2° or 3° could be used for children. 
It has been used externally for the relief of headaches. Trous- 
seau directs a solution not stronger than two to four grains to an 
ounce of water, but I cannot recommend it, except as a last resort 
in the most severe cases. 
It seems indicated in spasmodic affections of the oesophagus, fol- 
lowed by vomiting from paralysis of that tube, as witness the 
symptom : 
“Nausea, with sense of choking when trying to swallow fluids, 
followed by copious vomiting.” 
I think it will prove valuable in gastritis of very sudden onset 
and severe character. 
It corresponds to threatened asphyxia from venous congestion of 
the lungs; also, to whooping-cough, when asphyxia occurs during 
the severe paroxysms. You may find it useful in some cases of 
nightly cough of a paroxysmal character, even when caused by car- 
diac disease. 
I have prescribed it a few times in functional disorder of the 
heart, with slow, feeble, irregular pulse, alternating with palpita- 
tions. Even if the cardiac disease is organic, and the nervous 
element largely predominates, it will be found useful. A tendency 
to venous congestion, and a bluish color of the lips and skin, are 
specific indications. 
OYPRIPEDIUM. 
There are eight species of Lady's Slipper indigenous to this 
country. It has a singular-looking flower, resembling an Indian 
moccasin or a Chinese shoe, whence its name. It is also commonly 
called “Valerian” and “nerve root,” both of which names are 
given to the Scutellaria. The Cypripedium pubescens (large yel- 
low) has been selected as the officinal species, but as the roots of 
all are collected and used I do not see how we can discriminate. 
They all contain in common a peculiar “nervine” property. Raf- 219 
CYPRIPEDIUM. 
inesque considered this species to be the strongest, next the Cypri- 
pedium acaule, and last, the Cypripedium spectabile and candidum. 
King says the two latter possess more narcotic power than the 
others, especially when found in dark swamps. 
The medicinal action of the various species differs in quantity 
rather than quality. 
In domestic and eclectic practice this root is held in the highest 
esteem. I have been surprised, however, to find that our school 
have almost altogether neglected it in favor of Scutellaria, although 
the testimony is about equal relating to their powrer over the ner- 
vous system. 
When an infusion in large quantities, or a strong extract is 
taken by a healthy person, it causes at first a feeling of exhilara- 
tion of the mental and nervous system. Afterwards comes a sense 
of calmness and quiet, followed, if larger doses are taken, by a 
sense of mental fatigue, an oppression and heaviness of mind, and 
a disposition to drowsiness. 
It is resorted to by women whose nervous systems have been 
shattered by long and wearing illnesses and excessive green-tea 
and coffee drinking. It removes abnormal irritability, but if it is 
used to excess the secondary effect is to increase the very irritability 
and weakness which it palliated. This is the case, howrever, with 
all its analogues, namely, Teas, Coffees, Valerian, Scullcap, Paul- 
linia, Coca, Chloral, and the Bromides. It is for conditions similar 
to their secondary effects that these medicines are usually pre- 
scribed. 
The sphere of remedial action possessed by the Cypripedium is 
not wide. It acts upon the cerebro-spinal system, upon the gray 
nerve-tissue, and is useful for the effects of overmental exertion or 
reflex nervous excitement. 
You will probably find it useful in hysteria, chorea, nervous 
headache, delirium tremens, hypochondriasis, neuralgia, and that 
peculiar condition for which there is no better name than “fidgeti- 
ness.” For all these conditions, however, it never can rise above 
that of a palliative, unless the case be very recent. For serious 
cases some remedy whose action is deeper is usually required. 
There are some affections, however, in which it appears to act 
more permanently. 220 
CYPRIPEDIUM. 
It is invaluable in that well-known condition to which children 
are subject, when, from some gastric or intestinal irritation, the 
reflex excitability of the cerebro-spinal centres is aroused, the brain 
becomes irritated, and convulsions impend. Here it rivals the Bro- 
mides, Chloral, Scutellaria, and Cuprum acet., and is superior to 
the routine Belladonna, Hyoscyamus, and ChamomWla. In such 
cases a few drops of the mother tincture, or lx, frequently repeated, 
is attended by the best results. 
Sleeplessness, when depending on functional disorder of the brain 
and nervous system, or mental excitement, is often promptly re- 
moved by similar doses. This sleeplessness of Cypripedium is not 
an unpleasant condition; there is a desire to talk, a crowding of 
pleasant ideas, with a restlessness of body, a twitching of the 
limbs, etc. It is more adapted to the delicate organizations of chil- 
dren and feeble women than to men. 
I have found it useful in the mental depression and irritability 
consequent on venereal excesses or spermatorrhoea. It is equally 
useful when the mental despondency is the result of brooding over 
an imaginary spermatorrhoea, or the imagined ill effects of noctur- 
nal emissions, a very common condition caused by the reading of 
those foolish books published by quacks and charlatans. 
In typhomania, and the jactitations, tremors, restlessness, etc., of 
patients with low fever, its effects are very pleasant, and renders 
such patients quiet and comfortable, without interfering with the 
action of the proper specifies. 
There is a condition of cerebral hypercesthesia, occurring in 
young children, which is often dangerous in its consequences. It 
results from teething or mental stimulation. It is too much the 
habit of doting parents to overstimulate the tender brains of 
infants by attempts at teaching them beyond their normal capaci- 
ties. The children become morbidly excitable. They become pre- 
cociously bright, sleep but little, are inclined to laugh and play at 
night, crave light and noise; and parents, not knowing the danger 
impending, favor instead of suppressing this dangerous condition. 
I have often seen this functional irritability end in convulsions. 
It often leads to congestion, and fatal meningitis then closes the 
scene. 
Now, Cypripedium will aid you in removing these premonitory CYPEIPEDIUM COTYLEDON CUNDURANGO. 
221 
brain-symptoms, if you can oblige the attendants to place the 
child where it can have quiet sleep, and a dim light; but this 
remedy is of no value after the irritation has become fixed, for it 
is not homoeopathic to congestion or inflammation of the brain or 
spinal cord. 
In relation to the dose and best preparation my advice is to use, 
for very young children, the 1* or 2* aqueous dilutions, to avoid 
the alcoholic stimulation, or dried pellets of the alcoholic dilutions, 
or an infusion of ten grains of the root to four ounces of hot water. 
This preparation may be given in teaspoonful doses. For adults, 
tablespoonful doses of an infusion of one drachm of therootto §iv 
of hot water, or ten drops of the mother tincture. 
It is said to have caused symptoms of the skin similar to Rhus 
poisoning. (See Vol. I.) 
COTYLEDON. 
I found the provings of this common English plant (Navel- 
wort) in the “ British Journal of Homoeopathy.” It seems to 
affect the mental sphere like Ignatia, causing alternate states of 
exhilaration and depression. It also resembles Asafoetida. I am 
surprised that so many important symptoms were caused by such 
an insignificant plant. I more than suspect the imagination of 
the provers called them up, like the phantasmagoria which float 
through Houatt’s notorious pathogeneses. 
The only clinical observation I have been able to find relating 
to Cotyledon is one quoted by Lilienthal, from C. Muller, to the 
effect that he had found it useful in eczema capitis (tinea), but in 
what doses he does not say. 
CUNDURANGO. 
This medicine is prepared from the bark of a climbing plant 
found in Ecuador, South America. It is called the Condor-plant 
by the natives, and it is from them that the knowledge of its sup- 
posed virtues were first obtained. 
It was introduced into practice and notoriety by a Dr. Bliss, 
of Washington city, but the manner of its introduction was so 222 
CUNDUKANGO. 
suspiciously unprofessional, and smacked so much of quackery, 
that Dr. Bliss was expelled from the allopathic society to which 
he belonged. The testimony relative to its value is singularly at 
variance. 
Dr. Bliss, and a few others, claim to have cured many cancers 
by its use. Other physicians claim to have tested it in private 
and hospital practice, and found it worthless. The British Hos- 
pital physicians report against its value. 
Dr. Andrews, of Chicago, in a communication to the Academy 
of Science, stated that he had corresponded with many of the 
most eminent physicians of South America relative to Cundu- 
rango, and while they denied its curative powers over cancer and 
syphilis, they asserted its usefulness in “ old, obstinate, foul ulcers.” 
Several homoeopathic physicians in this country have reported 
favorably of its value in “foul and obstinate ulcers.” Dr. Clotar 
Muller, of Germany, reports that he has used it in over twenty 
cases, “ some were real carcinoma, others benign (purely scrofu- 
lous) glandular swellings and ulcerations. In the latter it showed 
no action whatever. It also failed to act in scirrhous indurations. 
The size, hardness, and lancinating pains remained unaltered.” 
He decrees that “ favorable action may be expected in open can- 
cer,” but the cases he cites do not prove its value in cancer, for he 
fails to show that his cases were cancerous. I give his cases as 
he reports them. 
(1.) Carcinoma of the lip, an unclean and sinuous ulcer about 
the size of a dime, with surrounding hardness and swelling, burn- 
ing pains, lip everted outward, emaciation. Five drops of 1st 
dil., morning and evening. In ten days the ulcer looked better 
and the surrounding hardness was reduced to a minimum. 
(2.) On the right of thorax and around the nipple several tu- 
mors, of which two suppurated and formed sinuous, ugly-looking, 
foul-smelling ulcers, with raised edges. Cured in two months. 
(3.) An ulcer seated on false ribs, of the size of the hand, be- 
ginning years ago. It looked carcinomatous with its high uneven 
edges, its deep, small islets of half-destroyed cellular tissue and 
muscular fibres at the base, and with its ichorous, acrid secretion; 
the pains were severe. After taking Cundurango the ulcer had 
decreased to half its size. 223 
CUNDURANGO. 
I do not consider these cases as brilliant illustrations of cures 
by any means, nor do I believe the ulcers were cancerous. They 
were simply old, foul-smelling, ichorous ulcers, just such ulcers as 
South American physicians found it useful in, and the sphere of 
Cundurango evidently includes just such ulcers appearing any- 
where on or in the body. 
In the “ North American Journal of Homoeopathy,” May, 1874, 
is reported a case, by Professor N. Friedreich, as “carcinoma ven- 
tricufi, with co-affections of the epigastric and supraclavicular lym- 
phatic glands.” This case was so nearly cured by Cundurango 
in three months that the patient was discharged. The dose was 
5iv of the bark to half a pint of water; a tablespoonful twice a 
day. 
I have given it in several cases of uterine cancer, but without 
any good results. 
From the “ British Journal of Homoeopathy,” January, 1875, I 
quote the following, translated from a paper by H. Goullon, Jr., 
in Hirschell’s “ Zeitschrift,” No. 16: 
Dr. Obolinski, surgeon to the St. Lazarus Hospital, Cracow, experimented with 
the Cundurango in several cases with the following result: 
Case I.—Patient is suffering from an epithelial cancroid of the right foot. He 
gets fifteen grains pro die, in the form of decoction, for three weeks. The remedy 
was likewise applied locally. 
Result.—No amelioration; the pains are getting intolerable. Dr. Obolinski 
performs amputatio cruris. 
Case II.—Patient is suffering from an epithelial cancer of the left temporal 
region, of the size of the palm of the hand. Medication as in Case I, but during 
six weeks. 
Result.—The whole ulcerative surface covers itself, in the fourth week, with healthy 
granulations, and this led Dr. Obolinski to perform a heteroplastic operation, after 
the manner of Reverdin, and that, too, with success. However, no sooner had 
the transplanted bits begun to show signs of activity than the cancer began afresh, 
and destroyed both granulations and the transplanted portions of skin. Here 
the whole of the epithelioma was extirpated right down to the bone, and the place 
was (brought to heal for good.—(Goullon, Jr.). 
But when, not long ago, Professor Friedreich published a case of cancer of 
the stomach cured by the bark of Cundurango, and thereby called attention to 
the fact that many of the experimenters had got negative results because they had 
had spurious or bad preparations, Obolinski began to experiment again, and this 
time made use of true American Cundurango bark, prepared from the sources 
named by Professor Friedreich. He had two cases in his private practice, an 224 
CUNDURANGO COSMOLINE. 
octogenarian woman, with a flat epithelial cancer (ulcus rodens), of about the size 
of a farthing, on her lower eyelid; and a woman, set. fifty, with a flat epithelial 
cancer, about the size of a bean, on the left side of the nose, and which had been 
repeatedly cauterized with Kali causticum, but kept on coming again. To these 
two he exhibited the remedy. He gave to both patients, daily, two, and, later on, 
three tablespoonfuls of medicine, and charpie impregnated therewith was laid on 
the sores. Both went their way to their homes with the order to persevere in 
this manner for a couple of weeks, or even months, and when Dr. Obolinski saw 
them again, six weeks thereafter, he was very greatly astonished to find both sores 
perfectly healed. 
These cures have no small clinical interest for us homoeopaths. First of all, they 
seem to confirm the opinion expressed already, in 1872, by Cl. Muller, in his clever 
essay on this subject, viz., that the newly imported drug is no infallible remedy 
against all sorts of growths called cancer, but rather curative of a definite form 
of such growths. “ It will be seen,” said he, “ Cundurango does not act curatively 
in cases of tumors and scirrhous indurations, but rather in cases of open carci- 
nomata and cancerous sores; in other words, it happens, as with other discoveries, 
that the discoverer himself thinks his little babe a kind of Messiah, who shall 
work sucli wonders and signs as neither Creator nor creation intended.” 
Then, when the public finds itself disappointed by the numerous failings, there 
follows such an odious and blind reaction, that the really good part of the dis- 
covery is no longer seen, and all who desire to get better acquainted with the 
thing are repelled by the giant, Prejudice. Is not homoeopathy itself a sad example 
of all of this ? Of further interest in these cases of Obolinski is the question of 
the dose. Cl. Muller himself soon perceived that but little was to be expected 
here from light, infinitesimal doses. lie gave, night and morning, five drops of 
the first dilution. 
The external treatment of the sores, carried out at the same time with the same 
remedy, is probably of very decided advantage. Muller’s case was cured M7ith 
Cundurango1, internally alone. 
We think that we are also justified in concluding, from the observations of the 
Cracovian surgeon, that where Cundurango should prove of no avail, a stronger 
and not a weaker dose would be called for. It is not with Cundurango as with 
Silicea and Lycopodium. 
CQSMOLINE. 
This remedy is used quite extensively by the homoeopathic school 
as an external application. It is a purified, concentrated petro- 
leum, or the substance which remains alter all the ether, coloring 
matter, impurities, etc., have been removed. It is a white, oleag- 
inous, and odorless substauce, having an absolute non-affinity for 
oxygen, and evaporating only above 400° Fahr. 
Dr. McFarlan, of Philadelphia, asserts that the provings of 
the lower triturations develop symptoms which have some simi- COSMOLINE. 
225 
larity to those of Pulsatilla, Urtica urens, Petroleum, Carbolic 
acid, and Rhus. 
The workmen engaged in its manufacture suffer from the .same 
pathogenetic symptoms. They have also the following skin symp- 
toms: 
“ Great apparent dryness of the skin and itchiness everywhere, 
with a constant disposition to scratch. The skin is often dry and 
scurfy, in irregular patches or blotches, which itch a good deal. 
On scratching, the skin raises in welts or blotches.” 
I am not aware that it has been used much as an internal 
remedy, but it has become quite a favorite external application, 
not only in our own but all schools, and extends largely into do- 
mestic practice. It is manufactured on a large scale, and is sold 
by all druggists in the United States. 
Its effects, when applied to the skin in cases of urticaria, eczema, 
psoriasis, herpes, and in nearly all cutaneous diseases in which the 
skin is dry and irritable, is certainly very soothing and often cura- 
tive. 
It has been combined with various substances, forming com- 
pound cerates. In fact it is largely used as a base for making 
cerates with Arnica, Calendula, Carbolic acid, Hamamelis, Hy- 
drastis, etc. 
I find, however, that while these cerates are sufficiently stable 
in cool weather, they soften and assume an oily consistence when 
the mercury goes above 70° Fahr. In order to make the Cosmo- 
line cerates sufficiently stiff to be used in summer, it is necessary 
to combine it with Cocoa butter, Mutton tallow, or Spermaceti. 
My usual formulae for these cerates are on the decimal scale, 
namely: One drachm of the tincture selected to one ounce of Cos- 
moline. Or, gr. 60 of crystals of Carbolic acid to one ounce of 
Cosmoline (lx). This is too strong for all except old, torpid skin 
diseases. For a sensitive skin, one drachm of this lx to 5j of Cos- 
moline. This is called Carbolated cosmoline. The names, Arni- 
cated cosmoline, Ilydrastic cosmoline, Calendula cosmoline, may 
be used to designate these preparations. 
Many physicians use the pure Cosmoline for burns, scalds, 
blisters, cuts, bruises, sprains, and even acute and chronic rheumatic 
affections, -with alleged benefit. 226 
CLEMATIS YIRGINICA—COMOCLADIA. 
There can be no objection to its use in our practice. On the 
contrary a positive benefit may ensue, by preventing the use of 
those noxious, disagreeable, and often injurious ointments which 
are sold everywhere. Patients will use something, and if the 
physician does not recommend anything they will resort to the 
nostrum most convenient, or one that is most largely advertised. 
CLEMATIS VIRGINICA. 
This is an indigenous species, not differing essentially from the 
European Clematis ereda. The latter is a very valuable remedy, 
and not sufficiently appreciated by our school. Belonging to the 
same family as the Pulsatilla, it resembles it very closely in many 
respects. It has the same, if not a greater action on the organs of 
generation—uterus and ovaries, testicles and spermatic cords— 
and upon the skin and glandular system. Its action on the nerv- 
ous system has been overlooked. In this respect it somewhat 
resembles its relative, Cimicifuga. 
Dr. Scudder (eclectic) first called attention to the indigenous 
Clematis. He says it is a “ powerful nervine,” useful in control- 
ling erethism of the nervous system in women. 
Several years ago I procured the leaves and made a tincture, 
which I have prescribed on many occasions in that kind of ner- 
vousness, half physical, half psychical, which affects some women 
who have been worried by care and illness combined. In doses 
of a few drops several times a day it acts admirably. 
I have cured with it several cases of acute pustular skin diseases, 
and a few cases of orchitis and ovaritis. 
No indigenous remedy is more deserving a thorough proving. 
The time will come when our own (indigenous) plants will super- 
sede the foreign, for they possess analogous if not identical vir- 
tues. 
COMOCLADIA. 
This poisonous shrub, known to the natives of the West Indies 
as Guao, is very similar in its effects to the Anacardium of the 
East Indies and the Rhus of the United States. 
So virulent is its poison, that sleeping beneath its shade often COMOCLADIA—COENUS FLOEIDA. 
227 
causes fatal illness, especially if the sun is shining. It has been 
observed that the poisonous influence of the Rhus is felt more 
intensely in hot, sunny weather. 
Like the Anacardium, the Guao causes not only vesicular erup- 
tions, but malignant pustules and ulcers. The ulcers are deep, with 
hard edges; they discharge a thick, purulent, yellowish-green 
matter, having a very peculiar fetid smell, the parts becoming in 
appearance like a piece of raw, decayed meat, while the surround- 
ing skin is covered with small shining scales. 
This gives a very good picture of the worst forms of malignant 
erysipelas, of a greater severity than that for which Rhus is indi- 
cated, and for which wre have usually used Lachesis and Arseni- 
cum. 
It has been used in leprosy by the Spanish homoeopathic phy- 
sicians, and with considerable success. 
In erysipelatous inflammation of the tissues in and around the 
eye, it will be found superior to the ordinary remedies. 
Dr. Havarro cured a sloughing ulcer of the right breast; also an 
“ indolent ulcer ” on the lower third of the right leg near the ex- 
ternal malleolus, of irregular shape and hard edges ; the ulcer 
was deep and discharged a sanious and fetid pus; it had lasted 
six years. (Cured in four weeks by the 6th dil.) The same phy- 
sician reports a case of inflammation of the left leg and foot with 
violent fever; the swelling increased enormously ; when the pain 
subsided the skin became white and covered with shining scales; 
cracked and discharged a sanious fluid. This case was cured with 
the 6th. 
It caused the same rheumatic pains and swellings, aggravated 
by rest, relieved by continued movement, as does Rhus. I have 
rarely been able to procure the drug, and while we have the Rhus 
and Anacardium we hardly need it. It corresponds more closely 
to the diseases of the tropics than those of the temperate zone. 
CORNUS FLORIDA. 
This shrub or small tree is the true dogwood, although where it 
got this name I never knew. It presents a very beautiful appear- 
ance in the early spring, when, before the leaves appear, the tree 228 
CORNUS FLORIDA—CORNUS CIRCINATA. 
is white with its snowy and showy blossoms. The sepals, how- 
ever, and not the petals, are the most showy portion of the flower. 
The bark is intensely bitter, and among the common people is used 
largely as a tonic, and as a substitute for Quinine in ague. An 
active principle, called Cornin, was at one time sold, but it is un- 
reliable. In large doses Cornus causes a fulness in the head, with 
some pain, quick pulse, and gastric irritation. I have used the 
tincture in obstinate intermittents where Quinine had been abused, 
and found that when the following group of symptoms were 
present it usually cured : 
The ague paroxysm is preceded for days by sleepiness, sluggish 
flow of ideas, headache of a dull, heavy character. The paroxysms 
are attended by nausea, vomiting, and sometimes watery or bil- 
ious diarrhoea. In the chill there is cold, clammy skin; in the 
fever violent headache, with throbbing, stupor, confusion of intel- 
lect, and vomiting. 
The tincture should be given in doses of five or ten drops, every 
two hours, in the apyrexia. The 2d or 3d dil. every hour during 
the paroxysm. 
In some old cases of dyspepsia, when the chief symptom is 
acid pyrosis, this remedy, like Oolumbo, Chelone, China, and Nux, 
will often effect very satisfactory cures. 
CORNUS CIRCINATA. 
This species of Cornus is a smaller shrub than the flowering 
dogwood. It has a small but pretty blossom, in large flat or de- 
pressed cymes ; a small, light-blue fruit, nearly the size of a cur- 
rant. The bark on the young brandies is a bright green, giving 
the name Green osier to this species. 
It is very popular in the country as a remedy for aphthous and 
ulcerated conditions of mucous membranes. It certainly has some 
marked specific virtues in such conditions even when chronic, for 
I have known it to cure chronic ulcerations of the mouth and 
throat, recurring occasionally for many years. It acts best when 
used as a lotion; and also internally in appreciable doses of the 
tincture or infusion of the recent bark. 
It has also been used in agues of nearly the same character as 229 
CORPUS CIRCINATA—CORYDALIS. 
described forCornus Florida. The provings made and published 
by Dr. Marcy give us similar symptoms. It is evidently an ana- 
logue of China, Hydrastis, Eupat. perfi, Chelone, etc. 
The principal disorders in which it has been successfully used 
are bilious headaches, jaundice, aphthous stomatitis, and hepatic de- 
rangements. Dr. Marcy and several others value it very highly 
in bilious diarrhoea and dysentery. The symptoms are similar to 
those of Merc, cor., Aloes, and Nux, for which it may be judi- 
ciously substituted in some cases occurring in connection with 
malarial conditions, and in hot weather. 
COKYDALIS. 
There are some medicines in the vegetable kingdom which 
closely resemble in remedial action those from the mineral. 
No chemist can explain this resemblance by any chemical an- 
alysis, for the analogy lies deeper than any manipulation in the 
laboratory can discover. It may be that the ultimate atoms of 
Phytolacca and Mercurius, Iodide of potassa and Stillingia, Au- 
rum and Corydalis, are similar, and that this ultimate similarity 
gives similarity of action and curative potentiality. 
A glance at the clinical history of Corydalis will show some 
striking resemblances in the results obtained from its use, and the 
known curative action of those medicines so renowned as specifics 
against the syphilitic dyscrasia. 
No provings of this agent have been made, and we have to 
rely mainly on reports of cures in eclectic literature. My ex- 
perience, although limited, because I treat but few cases of syphilis, 
has been favorable. 
I remember two cases of syphilitic nodes on the tibia, with noc- 
turnal pains, which had been treated for nearly a year with mas- 
sive doses of Iodide of potassa without benefit. Under the use of 
the Tincture of corydalis, in ten-drop doses, four times a day, the 
swellings slowly but permanently disappeared. 
We have trustworthy testimony that it has cured syphilitic nodes 
of the skull, with falling off of the hair; also, syphilitic and scrof- 
idous eruptions on the scalp. 
It has also cured syphilitic and non-syphilitic ulcerations of the 230 
CORYDALIS—DIGITALIN. 
mouth and fauces. I think it will be found to be better adapted 
to secondary syphilis than primary. Whether it is useful in the 
so-called tertiary forms, or the mercurial cachexia, which some be- 
lieve to be identical with the latter, future observation must deter- 
mine. 
I would not have you think I confine its use to syphilitic dis- 
eases alone. It may prove just as useful in the scrofulous (strumous) 
dyscrasia and in obstinate cutaneous diseases. 
It would be worth while to try it in congenital syphilis. You may 
find it useful in the cachexia caused by intermittents, when you find 
enlargement of the spleen and liver. 
Its use in massive doses has caused, according to eclectic phy- 
sicians, the following conditions : “ A derangement of the stomach, 
attended with profuse morbid secretion of mucus, there being al- 
ways a coated tongue, with fetor of the breath, and loss of appe- 
tite and digestion.” It is, therefore, indicated in gastric catarrh, 
and is, in this respect, an analogue of Hydrastis. 
DIGITALm. 
I introduce this drug among the new remedies for the same 
reason that I introduce Atropia and Ergotin, namely, that it 
is not mentioned in our textbooks on Materia Medica, and that 
there are instances where the active principles of plants are sub- 
stituted for the original drug with great benefit. 
Digitalin is the active principle or alkaloid of the plant Digi- 
talis, and possesses a large proportion of its pathogenetic effects. 
I assume the same ground, in treating of this substance, that I 
did in treating of Atropia—that while an alkaloid may represent 
the principal effects of the plant, it cannot represent all the symp- 
tomatic effects and nicer shades of action. 
Digitalin, from the very numerous experiments recorded, made 
by the most eminent physiologists, seems to affect the heart in a 
manner nearly if not altogether identical with Digitalis. 
I have written a good deal concerning the action of Digitalis, 
and my papers have been severely criticized by physicians so 
bigoted that they would not see the logical deductions which 
must arise in consequence of new discoveries in the action of DIGITALIN. 
231 
medicines. But time has confirmed my views and silenced my 
critics, and I am content. 
I will state, in as brief terms as possible, the known and un- 
disputed action of Digitalin on the heart: 
(1.) Digitalin produces a condition of excitement in the con- 
trolling centres in the heart, and hence the slowing of the pulse 
with increased power of the heart’s impulse. 
(2.) It has a peculiar specific influence on the heart’s muscle, 
■whose contractions are strengthened in the first stage, becoming 
irregular in the second, and in the third a peculiar rigidity is 
induced. 
The 'primary action of Digitalin and Digitalis is to cause in- 
creased power of the heart’s contractions, the pulse being first 
regular and slightly accelerated; next irregular and intermitting; 
and finally very slow, until the heart ceases to beat, and stops in 
systole, i.e., in rigid, tetanic, permanent contraction, which ends 
in death, or recovery ivith secondary effects. 
These secondary effects are the reverse of the primary, i. e., the 
pulse is very slow and soft, then irregular, intermittent, and weak, 
and finally quick and weak; the heart rarely completing its normal 
contractions, because of the feeble condition of its muscular fibres. 
Now it is evident to me, as the result of twenty-five years of 
close observation, that Digitalis is homoeopathic to both its pri- 
mary and secondary effects; but that it has rarely been used ex- 
cept for the latter. Hahnemann evidently did not understand 
the action of Digitalis; he as much as confesses it in several 
instances, as when he states that its action in certain dropsies is 
“ curative but nevertheless antipathic.” 
Now it is a fact, that unless we understand and appreciate the 
secondary effects of drugs, a large proportion of our cures made 
with appreciable doses appear to be antipathic. This is especially 
the case with Digitalin, and this is the reason our school is contin- 
ually losing the advantage they might gain by the rational use of 
Digitalis in many diseases. 
Now, according to my law of dose, if we prescribe Digitalin 
for symptoms similar to its primary effects, we must prescribe the 
attenuations as high as the 6th, or we shall get unpleasant aggra- 
vations. But if we are treating conditions similar to its second- 232 
DIGITALIN. 
ary effects, we must use the low attenuations. The question is, 
ITow long can we go with safety ? 
Digitalin (and I must here warn you not to use the spurious 
substances called by this name, manufactured by various firms in 
this country, for they are generally inert, or no more powerful 
than the dried leaves), the crysta/lizable active principle (alkaloid), 
occurs in short and delicate needle-shaped crystals, and possesses 
an intense and persistent bitter taste; slightly soluble in water; 
soluble in twelve parts of cold and six of boiling Alcohol, of 90°; 
less soluble in absolute Alcohol; nearly insoluble in Ether; and 
very soluble in Chloroform. 
Amorphous Digitalin is a whitish or yellowish powder, odor- 
less, but of a very bitter taste, nearly insoluble in Ether and 
water, readily soluble in Alcohol. Crude Digitalis is said to 
contain ten or twelve per cent, of crystallizable Digitalin, which 
is said to be somewhat more powerful than the amorphous Digi- 
talin. 
Either preparation is a very powerful poison. It is said that 
“ one-ninth of a grain has been taken without toxic effect,” 
but I advise you not to try such a dose. One-fiftieth of a grain 
has caused very unpleasant if not dangerous symptoms. I should 
not like to give one one-hundredth of a grain frequently in re- 
peated doses. When we wish to get prompt, decisive action, as 
in a case of cardiac failure, syncope, or threatened paralysis, a few 
doses of the one-hundredth might be given, but for general use in 
cardiac diseases the one-thousandth (or 2°) is as low as I advise 
you to use it for adults. 
The action of toxic doses of Aconite, Veratrum viride, Vera- 
trum album, and Gelseminum is just the opposite of Digitalis ; 
for in a case of poisoning by the latter, or serious aggravation 
from an overdose, Aconite or Verat. vir. is the best antidote (in 
doses of one to three drops of the tincture, repeated frequently 
until the symptoms are better). 
In my “ Lectures on Diseases of the Heart” I have carefully 
pointed out the characteristic symptoms and conditions for which 
Digitalis is indicated. I will therefore only briefly enumerate 
them. 
In cardiac diseases it is primarily indicated (in high attenua- DIGITALIN. 
233 
tions) when the heart is excited and beats with increased force and 
power, causing congestion of the head, ringing in the ears, flushed 
face, etc. Such conditions are usually caused by overexertion, 
overexcitement from the stimulating emotions, certain cerebral 
irritations, etc. 
In pure hypertrophy, i. e., with enlargement of the heart-muscle, 
where allopaths now pronounce Digitalis unsuitable, it may be 
used with advantage in the 6th dilution. 
But its chief value is in those conditions which simulate its 
secondary toxic effects, namely : 
“ When the muscle of the heart is for any reason unequal to the 
task set it, the systoles become rapid and imperfect, and by this 
irregular action the ventricles, neither completely filling nor emp- 
tying themselves, increase the embarrassment. Under these cir- 
cumstances, Digitalis, by lengthening the diastolic pauses and in- 
creasing the force of the systolic contractions, causes the ventricles 
to fill themselves in the one, and to completely empty themselves 
in the other act. By subduing irregular action through the in- 
hibitory nerves, by energizing the muscular power of the heart 
vessels, the remedy is of incalculable value, and, increasing arte- 
rial tension all over the body, causes the disappearance or lessen- 
ing of symptoms due to a low pressure in the arteries.” 
The Digitalin would therefore be indicated in hypertrophy with 
dilatation, mitral insufficiency, aortic constriction, irritable heart 
without enlargement, and many valvidar diseases with cardiac de- 
bility. 
There are many cases, and you will meet with them in practice 
if you watch for them, where the patient seems suffering from a 
condition known by the vague term “general debility.” There 
is an atony of all the tissues, and a poverty of all the secretions, 
due to lack of assimilation of the nutritive elements of food. You 
will observe in all these cases that the heart appears to be the 
weakest organ, probably because it is constantly laboring. Now, 
while you are building up the system with good food, fresh air, 
gentle stimulation, and such medicines as Nux, Phosphates, Fer- 
rum, and the like, do not forget to give a special tonic for the 
heart. It will aid in a wonderful manner other remedies. Thus, 
if you alternate Digitalin 3X with Ferrum 1* you will succeed 
YOL. II.—16 234 
DIGITALIN. 
in curing anaemia and chlorosis in half the time you can with 
Ferrum alone. Digitalin 3* and Phosphate of strychnia 3X act 
beautifully in alternation in feeble, broken-down constitutions. 
You can alternate Digitalin with many other specific restorative 
medicines now that you understand the principle involved. 
In cardiac dropsy we know that Digitalis is the chief of all 
remedies. When the heart has become so weakened that effusion 
takes place in all the cavities and the general cellular tissues (an- 
asarca), we know of no medicine which will bear any relation to 
Digitalis in curative power. 
It has been suggested that Digitalin might act as well as the 
infusion of the leaves, or the tincture, both liable to deterioration, 
and at times uncertain in their action. 
Christison’s experiments prompted him to assert that “ Digi- 
talin was the most powerful and certain diuretic known,” and 
that “ its action on the heart, and its diuretic effect, were never 
coincident.” All the old authors remark that Digitalis is not 
diuretic until after it affects the heart and pulse. 
I think there are many cases where you can substitute the alka- 
loid for the herb and its other preparations. It will sometimes 
act promptly when the tincture or trituration of the leaves will 
not, or have lost their virtue. 
In cases of dropsy from heart disease, begin with 3X trit., in 
grain doses every two hours. If no action on the kidneys takes 
place in a few days give the 2* in the same. 
In spermatorrhoea, and nocturnal emissions from erethism of the 
sexual organs, it often acts with surprising efficacy. But do not 
give it as Baehr and Burt recommend, “in grain doses,” unless 
you use the 3X trit. Digitalin acts on the sexual organs of men 
much as the Bromide of potassa, namely, it abolishes power and 
desire. It is therefore primarily homoeopathic to impotency with 
spermatorrhoea, and secondarily to emissions with overexcitement. 
I would recommend, from my own experience, its use in delirium 
tremens, fainting attacks from sudden heart failure, nervous vertigo, 
collapse from uterine haemorrhage, poisoning from tobacco, Aconite, 
Veratrum, Mushrooms, Calabar, and other poisons which weaken 
and paralyze the heart. 
In fact, you can use Digitalin for nearly all the conditions for DIOSCOREA. 
235 
which Digitalis is indicated, and it will often act quicker, and as 
safely, in the proper doses. 
DIOSCOREA. 
This plant, which is found in the Middle, Western, and Southern 
States, climbing; over fences and shrubs, is known by the common 
names of Wild Yam and Colic-root. The former name is given 
to it from its apparent resemblance to the edible yam of the West 
Indies; the latter on account of its virtues in abdominal pain. 
I have often speculated on the manner in which the curative power 
of the root was discovered. It is easy enough to imagine why it 
should have been dug up under the idea that it might be used as 
an article of food, for its leaves and manner of growth closely 
resemble the yam used as a substitue for the potato. The root, 
however, is woody, and very tough and hard, so much so that 
when dried it is very difficult to pulverize it. How did the first 
colic patient ascertain its power in that disorder? It must have 
been by some accident, for it has no aromatic taste, like ginger or 
calamus, but is intensely bitter, with an acridity like that of Iris 
versicolor. But however discovered, it had a reputation among 
the aborigines for curing pains in the abdomen. You will hear 
the most enthusiastic praises of its power, and country nurses 
will narrate almost miraculous cures from its use in bilious colic 
after the patient was given up to die by the attending physician. 
It is generally given, in domestic practice, in hot infusion, and in 
quantities only limited by the patient’s ability to swallow. 
The allopathic school have always ignored it. The eclectics have 
valued it highly, and homoeopathic physicians who have used it 
speak well of it in severe and peculiar cases. 
It has been proved by Burt, Kiehol, and Cushing. The provings 
by Burt were somewhat surprising. It seemed to affect the whole 
system in a manner reminding one of rheumatism, but a close 
study of its action will show that although the pains resembled 
rheumatism they were really nerve-pains, and generally of a reflex 
character. It also caused cutting pains in the umbilical region. 
Dr. Nichol’s proving developed the same abdominal pains, with 
a good many head and mental symptoms. Dr. Cushing’s provings 236 
DIOSCOREA. 
were heroic, and evolved very many peculiar symptoms. Some 
eclectic students also proved it, and got severe colic. 
I am inclined to the belief that its sphere of action embraces 
the spinal cord and, the reflex nervous system (generall}7), the um- 
bilical plexus of nerves (specially), and by exalting the reflex ex- 
citability of the spinal cord it causes pains in portions of the body 
remote from the seat of the primary irritation. An eclectic writer 
says it causes hypersesthesia of the spine, brain, uterus, and ab- 
dominal nerves. 
Its chief clinical use in all schools is for that condition com- 
monly known as bilious colic. This name, however, is not the 
correct one for all the cases designated bilious colic, for many 
careful observers assert that the liver is not at fault in the ma- 
jority of cases, the vomiting of bile being only a symptom result- 
ing from the spasmodic retching. 
It is only in cases where the pain is caused by the passage of 
biliary calculi, or other obstruction in the gall-duct, that the name 
is at all appropriate. 
It is only another illustration of the law of similars, that the 
abdominal symptoms caused by Dioscorea resemble the colics 
cured by it. Both start in the umbilical region and radiate all 
over the abdomen. 
All who have written of the value of Dioscorea, outside of our 
school, coincide in their description of the colic cured by it. They 
say it is a “ constant pain, aggravated at regular intervals by par- 
oxysms of intense sufferingthe pain is located at first in the 
centre of, but is gradually diffused all over the abdomen, attended 
bv vomiting, retching, furred tongue, distended and sensitive 
bowels, etc. 
Now it is evident that no one distinct disease is here repre- 
sented, but a definite disturbance of the abdominal nervous sys- 
tem, commencing at a given point (the umbilicus) and radiating 
all over the abdomen, extending to the stomach, uterus, bladder, 
and even to the extremities, and affecting both the nerves of sen- 
sation and motion, causing pain and spasm. _ 
The fact is that any kind of colic may be cured by Dioscorea, 
provided the symptoms have any similarity to its pathogenetic 
symptoms. More than this, it has cured, and will continue to DIOSCOREA. 
237 
cure, many abdominal and gastric pains not found in the provings. 
But if you find in any painful affection of the abdomen, stomach, 
uterus, or even the heart or head, that the pain, though constant, 
is aggravated in paroxysms; is attended by spasmodic symptoms 
(vomiting, cramps), or sympathetic pains in distant parts of the 
body, you can prescribe the Dioscorea with advantage. For in- 
stance, it has cured headache, remittent, paroxysmal, attended by 
spasmodic pain in the abdomen; facial neuralgia; cardialgia; spas- 
modic and flatulent colic; painful tenesmus; spasm of the bladder 
and uterus ; spasm of the gall-ducts; sciatic neuralgia—the pain 
running from the hip to the ankles. 
In addition to these purely neuralgic affections, it has been used 
successfully in many other disorders, among which are various 
kinds of heaaache. (For the indications refer to symptoms in 
Volume I.) 
The headaches of Dioscorea resemble those caused by JEsculus, 
Bryonia, Yux vomica, and Cimicifuga. 
The eye symptoms are quite notable, and Dr. Woodyatt predicts 
it will prove valuable in some affections of the eye and its ap- 
pendages. 
Acne punctata (comedones), according to Cushing, disappeared 
during the provings. 
I have used it very extensively in many disorders of the 
stomach, such as accompany dyspepsia, namely, a dull, wearing 
pain in the cardiac region of the stomach; inordinate belching of 
gases; cramps of the stomach and acute lancinations in the stom- 
ach. It seems to resemble in its action on the stomach Bismuth, 
Bryonia, and INTux. It is of value in the vomiting, pyrosis, and 
gastralgia of pregnant women, or when occurring during the menses. 
My experience accords with that of Dr. Helmuth, who says it 
is most successful in enteralgia when the pains are twisting, aggra- 
vated by lying down, relieved by pressure, unless the abdomen is 
tender. The abdominal pains have a remarkable resemblance to 
those of Colocynth, and you will often find it impossible to decide 
which is the remedy. You can only try the one which seems the 
best indicated for a reasonable time, and then use the other, but 
never alternate them. 
It is just as useful in renal colic from passage of calculi as in 238 
DIOSCOREA. 
hepatic colic. In fact, renal colic is often mistaken for bilious 
colic by superficial observers. 
You will find it an excellent remedy in diarrhoea, which, like 
the sulphur-diarrhoea, occurs in the eay'ly morning, driving the 
patient out of bed. The stools are slimy, jelly like, like white of 
egg, attended by straining, burning in the rectum, and generally, 
not always, by the peculiar twisting, lancinating colic in the um- 
bilical region, offensive flatus, and often nausea and vomiting. 
This kind of diarrhoea often runs into dysentery, or may be 
called the first stage of dysentery, especially when the disease is 
a catarrhal mucous enteritis. In the Dioscorea dysentery the stools 
are not bloody, i. e., the symptoms do not indicate it for bloody 
stools, but it will remove its characteristic colics, pains, and tenes- 
mus without arresting the sanguineous discharge, which may call 
for Ipecac, or some remedy more homoeopathic to that condition. 
Cholera morbus, when attended by excruciating abdominal pains, 
has been greatly palliated by Dioscorea; but as it is not indicated 
for the watery evacuations, it should be alternated with Camphor 
or Veratrum. Even in cases of cholera infantum I have often 
given it for the excessive pain in the bowels which causes the 
children to scream in agony. In this respect it resembles Cu- 
prum in all but the cold extremities caused by that medicine. 
Dr. Burt had haemorrhoids and yellow, thin, bilious stools, with 
prolapse of the rectum when proving Dioscorea, but no other 
prover had piles. No clinical experience proving its value in this 
affection has been recorded, except one observation, by the same 
prover, that a “ haemorrhoidal tumor of nearly four years’ stand- 
ing disappeared during the proving.” 
A medicine that can cause tenesmus can cause haemorrhoids, 
and you may possibly find it a good remedy in the latter disease. 
In Cushing’s provings it developed a decided action on the male 
organs of generation, and, fortunately for practitioners, its primary 
and secondary action were noted. It first caused strong-smelling 
perspiration of the genitals ; constant excitement, with strong and 
frequent erections day and night; and amorous dreams with emis- 
sions. Afterwards came the reaction,—the genitals became cold 
and relaxed ; no erections ; desire absent, and emissions in sleep 
without erections. DIOSCOEEA. 
239 
Now to prove that my law of dose is trustworthy, I cite Dr. 
Cushing’s several cures of nocturnal emissions, having the primary 
symptoms of Dioscorea, which he cured with the dilutions above 
the 15th ; also Dr. Pease’s case of spermatorrhoea, having its sec- 
ondary symptoms, which he cured with the 2X trit. of Dioscorea. 
In respect to its action on these organs, Dioscorea resembles Phos- 
phorus, Cannabis indica, and Nux vom., and is the opposite of 
Caladium, Camphor, Agnus castus, and Nuphar, which cause de- 
pression of the genital functions primarily. 
Dioscorea will be found valuable in pain and spasm of the sper- 
matic cord, when the pains commence in the inguinal region, and 
extend to the testicles and penis. 
No provings have been made on women, but it has been found 
useful in dysmenorrhoea, uterine colic, after-pains, and some of the 
false pains of pregnancy. 
The symptoms indicate that it may be a good remedy in inter- 
costal neuralgia, and one physician claims to have cured with it 
a case of angina pectoris, with “ sharp, cutting pain in the region 
of the heart, arresting breathing and motion.” Dr. Cushing has 
cured “ cough, with pain in the epigastrium and temples, brown- 
ish-yellow tongue, and weak knees.” 
You may find it of value in some of the protean forms of spinal 
irritation. It has been recommended in felons and neuralgic rheu- 
matisms of the extremities. 
It is a remedy which ought to be still further studied, proven, 
and used in practice. 
Much depends on the preparation which is prescribed. I rarely 
got good effects from the tincture, probably because it was made 
from the dried root. Others have failed to get the desired results 
from the tincture. The triturations of the dried root, or of Dios- 
corein, have acted satisfactorily. In the colic for which it is so 
useful you may fail with the ordinary preparations, while the in- 
fusion of the root, made with hot water, will act magically. (One 
drachm of the pulv. root to giv of boiling water. A teaspoonful 
or two every 15 or 20 minutes in the worst cases.) 
Dr. Scudder (“Specific Medicine,” p.128) says the article sold for 
Dioscorea by most of our druggists for the past ten years, and from 
which Dioscorem has been prepared, is the root of a species of 240 
DORYPHORA EPIGEA REPENS. 
Smilax. This will probably account for the unreliable quality of 
some of the homoeopathic preparations. 
DORYPHORA. 
The poison of the Colorado potato-bug appears to resemble Can- 
tharides, with which it is closely allied. I collected many cases 
of poisoning, some fatal, together with a partial proving by Dr. 
Ruden, and published the symptoms in the third edition. Its 
analogues are the narcotic poisons, Belladonna, Stramonium, 
Agaricus; and the animal poisons, Apis, Lachesis, and Crotalus. 
I have never used it. The only clinical experience yet re- 
ported is the cure of a few cases of dysuria, gonorrhoea, and dys- 
entery. 
Its pathological effects are more malignant than those of Can- 
tharis, and less so than Lachesis. 
You may find it specific in some cases of meningitis, cerebral 
congestion, ophthalmia, enteritis, malignant erysipelas, anasarca, 
and inflammation of the urinary organs. 
The keynote for the selection of this medicine will be the pres- 
ence of its peculiar urinary symptoms, when occurring in the con- 
ditions above named. 
EPIGEA REPENS. 
This beautiful plant, the trailing Arbutus, around which clusters 
so much poetry and sentiment, has been used for very non-poetic 
purposes. Medicinally, it is an analogue of Uva ursi, Mitchella, 
Chimaphila, Cannabis, and others of that class. No provings 
have been made of it, but it has been used ever since the settle- 
ment of this country as a popular remedy in renal calculi, or those 
conditions supposed to arise from the presence of “gravel.” It 
has been successful in the removal of dysuria and strangury as 
well as urinary tenesmus. It seems best adapted to the uric acid 
calculi. I once used it in a case of that nature; the urine had a 
bloody, muco-purulent sediment, and there was intense dysuria. 
After taking the tincture in ten-drop doses, six times a day, a 
copious deposit of fine brown sand (uric acid crystals) was observed, 
followed by amelioration of all the urinary troubles. ERECTHITES. 
241 
ERECTHITES. 
This plant contains an oil which goes under the name of Oil of 
Fireweed. But an “Oil of Fire weed” is also extracted from the 
Erigeron. The true fireweed is, however, the Erecthites, while the 
Erigerons are “ Fleabanes.” Chemists tell us that the oils from 
these two plants, as well as turpentine, are chemically identical. 
This may be true, but it does not follow that their physiological 
or pathogenetic effects are identical. They are very closely allied, 
however, in their effects on the human system. All three are 
homoeopathic to both active and passive arterial haemorrhage; the 
former is their primary, the latter their secondary effect. 
The Fireweed has been proven, but not very thoroughly. Suf- 
ficient symptoms have been obtained to give us a clue to its method 
of action. 
It seems to cause primarily an acute congestion of the principal 
organs of the body. The headache is similar to that caused by Bel- 
ladonna and China, or that headache which often precedes epis- 
taxis in plethoric subjects. Had the provings been carried far 
enough, nosebleed would doubtless have resulted. It is a specific 
for epistaxis of bright-red blood as well as haemorrhages of similar 
character from the mouth, lungs, bowels, uterus, and kidneys. The 
primary haemorrhages of Erecthites, Erigeron, and Turpentine 
are always attended by excitement of the circulation. In such con- 
ditions you must be cautious and not prescribe too large doses, 
certainly not below the 8X. 
The passive haemorrhage of these medicines is very different in 
character; it is attended by a torpor and laxity of the bloodvessels, 
and the blood is darker, lacks fibrin, and deposits a blackish sedi- 
ment, showing disorganization of the blood-globules. We find 
this latter form in typhoid fever, Bright’s disease, and other dis- 
eases of low vitality. In passive haemorrhages you will get the 
best results from the lx or even drop doses of the oil or mother 
tincture. 
The action of Erecthites on the mucous membranes is that of an 
irritant. It causes burning in the stomach with cramps, nausea, 
and vomiting ; cramps in the abdomen, with copious yellow diar- 
rhoea, worse in the morning (Copaiva, Sulph., Dios.). 242 
ERECTHITES—ERIGERON. 
One person was cured of a dyspeptic condition from which he 
had suffered for some time, namely : “ Eructations and heartburn 
after eating warm bread and coffee.” 
In dysentery, when the discharges are pure blood, with fever, 
colic, etc., alternate the Erecthites with Aconite or Ipecac., and 
you will soon arrest the disease. 
In premature and profuse menses it rivals Calc, and Senecio. 
My favorite method of treating this aberration is to give Calc, or 
Senecio during the latter part of the month, and when the menses 
appear give Erecthites or Erigeron until the flow ceases to be ab- 
normal in quantity. 
Gonorrhoea and gleet have both been treated successfully by 
this remedy. It differs from Copaiva and Cubebs in the charac- 
ter of the discharge, which is always scanty. The inflammation 
is more like that ofCantharis and Turpentine, with scanty, bloody 
discharges and great pain. When orchitis occurs during gonor- 
rhoea, or from suppressed discharges, it is equal to Pulsatilla or 
Clematis. 
ERIGERON, 
Many of the recommendations for the use of Erecthites will 
apply equally well to Erigeron. For some reason the latter ap- 
pears to be more popular with the profession. If both were thor- 
oughly proven we should doubtless get characteristic symptoms; 
but at present we can substitute the one for the other, especially 
in haemorrhages, without much fear of failure. 
We have more decided renal symptoms from Erigeron, and in 
some cases of nephritis, and in some cases of Bright’s disease I 
have used it with decided advantage. 
Dr. Iting once published his successful use of it in dysuria in 
children. “ They have frequent desire, and cry when urinating ; 
the urine is profuse, and of a very strong odor ; the external parts 
are inflamed and swollen.” He used a low attenuation. 
I have found it excellent in vesical catarrh, with unusual pain 
and irritation. 
In uterine haemorrhage it is inferior to no remedy. Eclectic 
physicians consider it the specific in the worst cases, in doses of 
ten drops of the oil, repeated every twenty or thirty minutes. 243 
ERIGERON EQUISETUM HYEMALE. 
It is not necessary to use such large doses; 10 drops of the lx 
is quite sufficient. I prefer the 1* trituration of the oil, or even 
the 3X, if there is much arterial excitement. It resembles Ferrum 
in its applicability to active haemorrhage. 
Of course you will not expect to avert permanently any haemor- 
rhage from the uterus with this or any remedy, if any foreign 
substance, like a retained placenta, a polypus, or other matters 
remain. It may check the bleeding for the time, but the sub- 
stance must be removed before the patient is safe. 
We find some rheumatic symptoms in the provings, but if it is 
homoeopathic to any kind of rheumatism, it is that which arises 
from some affection of the urinary organs, or gonorrhoea. 
It has been very highly praised in gonorrhoea and gleet; very 
many prefer it to any other remedy in that affection. It is said 
to cure cases which have resisted Cubebs, Copaiva, and other 
routine medicines. 
In tympanites occurring during typhoid fever, enteritis or peri- 
tonitis, I consider the Erigeron, next to Turpentine, the most 
reliable remedy we possess. I do not know which to give the 
preference. I can not imagine why both are ignored in our works 
on practice. 
They recommend China, Phosphorus, Rhus, and other drugs, 
which may answer in mild cases, but are useless when the intes- 
tines become paralyzed by distension. Nor do I depend upon the 
internal administration alone, but habitually use them in enema, 
throwing up half a drachm or a drachm, beaten up with yolk of 
egg, and mixed with a pint or more of milk. The most enor- 
mous and dangerous tympanites will disappear after a few such 
enemas. 
Both Erecthites and Erigeron are analogous to Arnica and Sul- 
phuric acid in the treatment of contusions and suggillations. Country 
people use the bruised plant as we use Arnica. A dilute tincture, 
used in the same proportions as we prescribe Arnica, is an excel- 
lent topical application in bruises. 
EQUISETUM HYEMALE. 
The scouring-bush has been used from time immemorial as a 
domestic remedy for dropsy, suppression of urine, gravel, hcema- 244 
EQUISETUM HYEMALE—ERGOTIN. 
turia, gonorrhoea, and gleet. An infusion of the stalk is made 
with hot water and drank ad libitum. It contains a large amount 
of mucilaginous fluid, and perhaps soluble Silica, both of which 
may aid in its diuretic effects. 
Dr. J. S. Marsden, one of our best homoeopathic physicians, 
writes me that he has used an infusion of the stalks very success- 
fully in the dysuria of women, with “ extreme and frequent urging 
to urinate, with severe pain, especially immediately after the urine 
is voided.” He has also used it in painful urination with albumin- 
ous urine. 
It must possess some specific influence over the mucous mem- 
brane of the bladder. Dr. M. gives his infusion in tablespoonful 
doses. 
I would suggest that you try it in the troublesome dysuria of 
children. I do not know that the dried stalks are efficient, and I 
would suggest that if you wanted to keep the remedy on hand, 
yon should make a strong decoction and add one-tenth its bulk of 
good alcohol. This will make a permanent preparation, which 
will doubtless be efficacious in drop doses of the crude or first 
dilution. 
EKGOTIN. 
Ergotin was discovered by the chemist Wiggers, and was be- 
lieved by Professor Sellroff to contain all the medicinal properties 
of Secale. It has not been used to any considerable extent in this 
country, and very rarely by our school. In its crude form it looks 
like an oleo-resin, a thick, syrupy, brown substance, with the pe- 
culiar smell and taste of good powdered Ergot. The triturations 
are best made with granulated sugar of milk. 
In the “North American Journal” for 1859 is to be found a 
translation by Hoffendahl of a paper on Ergotin by Dr. Kafka, of 
Prague, who uses the following language: “Just as Atropia is 
applicable when Belladonna is indicated, but appears insufficient, 
in the same manner Ergotin is to be used when Secale does not 
answer our expectations, perhaps because the preparation is not 
reliable, or the remedy is not sufficiently powerful.” To which 
I will add that the preparations of Ergot are notoriously unreli- 
able, especially when kept for a long time. ERGOTIN, 
245 
The trituration of Ergotin (of Wiggers or Bonjean) is a very- 
convenient preparation, and will keep for any length of time in 
any climate. 
Kafka’s clinical experience with Ergotin was altogether in 
uterine haemorrhage. lie gives the well-known indications of 
Secale, namely: “Excessive and protracted menstruation; menor- 
rhagia ; venous congestion of the womb; haemorrhage from the 
womb, passive and paralytic, of dark fluid blood, pouring out at 
every motion or elevation of the body; haemorrhage during and 
after delivery; haemorrhage from cancer of the womb; insufficient 
contraction of the womb after abortion; irregular, feeble, deferred, 
or spasmodic labor-pains.” 
You will observe that all these symptoms, except the last one, 
are secondary symptoms of Ergot. Kafka gave for these con- 
ditions grain doses of the first decimal trituration, which is in 
accordance with the requirements of my law of dose. 
The primary uterine symptoms of Ergot are: Very severe, spas- 
modic, very painful contractions of the uterus, almost continuous; 
if occurring during menstruation, the flow scanty, only a few drops; 
if during labor the pains seem to do no good, for the very severity 
and continuousness of the contractions wear out the mother, and 
may injure the child; if they occur at other times they are due to 
some spinal irritation, and are called “ uterine cramps;” also uterine 
congestion, of an active, arterial character, such as occurs before 
inflammation sets in. 
When these symptoms occur you will do injury if you prescribe 
the first decimal trituration. Keep above the third, not too fre- 
quently repeated. 
Kafka gives one case of protracted menstruation, one of hcemor- 
rhage after delivery, one of climacteric menorrhagia, and one of 
profuse menstruation. In all these cases this characteristic symp- 
tom was present: “ Little or no pain, the blood in dark clots, or dark 
fluid, aggravated by any motion or mental excitement.” In all, Secale 
1st was tried, ineffectually, while Ergotin 1st acted promptly. 
I have used Ergotin occasionally ever since I read that article, 
and its administration has generally resulted satisfactorily. But I 
use it in other conditions besides uterine troubles. 
The recent researches of Brown-Sequard and other eminent ex- 
perimenters show that Ergot has uniformly this primary effect, 246 
ERGOTIN. 
namely, a contraction of the bloodvessels in every portion of the body. 
In organs like the brain and kings, the effect is bloodlessness or 
anaemia. In the uterus and other hollow organs it contracts all 
their tissues as well as their bloodvessels. 
The secondary effect or reaction is a relaxation or even paresis 
of the coats of the bloodvessels; thence, passive congestion, haemor- 
rhages, relaxation of muscular tissues, and finally their complete 
paralysis. 
Brown-Sequard, Hawley, and others claim that Atropia has 
this same effect upon the bloodvessels of the spinal cord, but I 
have my doubts. The proofs are not sufficient to satisfy me. ISior 
is the Atropia useful in any case of haemorrhage, as it would be 
if its action was similar to Ergot. I know of no drug that acts 
exactly like Ergot, unless it is Ustilago, a similar fungi. Caulo- 
phyllum somewhat resembles it, but how close we cannot now 
determine. 
In accordance with its pathological effects, and selecting it by 
its secondary symptoms, I have used Ergotin very successfully in 
very severe congestive headaches, when they occur in persons of 
lax fibre, large, phlegmatic, lymphatic individuals, whose blood- 
vessels are doubtless relaxed and easily distended, almost to burst- 
ing, whenever the circulation is abnormally directed. Such head- 
aches usually occur at the climacteric period in women, and in old 
drunkards of both sexes. The pain seems to rise up into the head 
from the back of the neck, the occiput first suffers, then it extends 
all over the head, and the agony and distress, more than the acute 
pain, become almost unbearable. The face is rather pale and cool 
than suffused, the extremities cold and livid. (This is not the case 
when Belladonna or the Bromides are indicated, for the face is hot 
and red, with throbbing temples.) The congestion is more inter- 
nal, central, than general or peripheral. Sometimes the head is 
drawn backwards by almost continuous contractions. 
In this condition Ergotin, in doses of one-tenth or one-twen- 
tieth grain (using the lx trit.), given every half hour, soon removes 
the sometimes dangerous condition. 
In cerebro-spinal meningitis, when the above symptoms occur, 
the Ergotin acts very satisfactorily. ERGOTIN. 
247 
Iii passive pulmonary haemorrhage it acts as well as in uterine, 
in which my experience accords with Kafka’s. 
There is another very valuable use of Ergotin, which should not 
be lost sight of by our school, namely, its value in paralysis. In 
all the cases of severe poisoning on record, and in all the experi- 
ments on animals, paralysis is generally a prominent effect of the 
drug. Yet the old school are now using it extensively in pa- 
ralysis, and with good results. Brown-Sequarcl was the first to 
recommend it in a distinct form of paralysis, and to point out the 
pathological condition upon which the paraplegia depends, and 
which large doses of Ergot cures. In his admirable brochure, 
“ Paralysis of the Lower Extremities,” he says : 
“This powerful remedy has been employed quite blindly, al- 
though its mode of action being better known than Belladonna, it 
would have been easier to discern in what cases of paraplegia it is 
able to be of benefit. Ergot, like Belladonna, produces a contrac- 
tion in the bloodvessels of the spinal cord and its membranes, 
and therefore diminishes the amount of blood circulating in these 
organs. The following is a summary of the indications and con- 
traindications for its use : 
“ 1st. Ergot must be employed in cases of paraplegia with 
irritation of motor, sensitive, or vasomotor nerves, i. e., in conges- 
tion or inflammation of the spinal cord and its meninges. 
“ 2d. Ergot must be avoided as an agent only able to increase 
the paralysis in cases of paraplegia without symptoms of irrita- 
tion, such as cases of reflex paraplegia, or of non-inflammatory 
softening of the spinal cord.” 
These directions for the use of Ergot may do very well for the 
allopath, but our therapeutics need a broader scope. Let us in- 
quire Iiow does Ergot cause paralysis ? Evidently by causing 
such an anaemia of the spinal cord as to diminish or abolish its 
nutrition, and thereby its vitality. 
This is the condition which Brown-Sequard describes as being 
present in reflex paraplegia, and in which he declares Ergot to be 
injurious. And so it would be in massive doses, but we, who be- 
lieve in the efficacy of attenuated medicines when indicated, are 
not confined to the use of Ergot in material doses. 
I believe, and have substantiated it in practice, that Ergot is 248 
ERGOTIN—ERYODYCTON. 
useful in paraplegia from reflex irritation, i. e., when anaemia of 
the cord is present, and non-inflam matory softening is imminent. 
But in such cases the dose must be in the attenuations above the 
3X trituration of Ergotin, or above the lx of a good tincture. 
Although it has been decreed that it may be used, and has been 
used with apparent success in congestion and inflammation of the 
spinal cord, I do not think it is safe in large doses if the disease 
is acute and intense. The secondary action of Ergot is passive con- 
gestion (engorgement is a better word) of the cord and its meninges. 
In active inflammation I prefer Veratrum viride, but in passive 
congestion or chronic inflammation, or even the second stage of 
spinal meningitis (when of a low type), I am willing to accord a 
curative value to Ergot, and admit that it must be prescribed in 
material doses, e.g., the lx of Ergotin, or pulv. Ergot, or drop 
doses of a good ethereal tincture or a fluid extract, repeated every 
two or three hours until improvement sets in. In old cases a 
dose three or four times a day will suffice. 
Finally, you will find Ergotin a valuable remedy in some ob- 
stinate neuralgias (sciatica and odontalgia). In nightsweats, in 
chronic diarrhoea and chronic dysentery, in certain cases of the 
haemorrhagic diathesis, in hypertrophy of the uterus, in uterine 
tumors, aneurisms, impotence,spermatorrhoea, and probably varicose 
ulcers and senile gangrene. 
ERYODYCTQN. 
This plant, known in California under its Spanish name of 
<c Yerba Santa” (or Holy Plant), resembles in some points the 
Grindelia. In other respects it appears to be an analogue of 
Phosphorus, Ilepar sulph., Rumex, Causticum, and other medicines 
which have a specific action on the larynx and bronchia. It 
causes a blennorrhagic condition similar to that of Grindelia and 
its analogues, but it differs in this respect, namely, that there is 
not much asthmatic dyspnoea, but instead we have a constant, ir- 
ritating cough, with great soreness in the chest, a feeling of exco- 
riation, rawness, and other symptoms denoting great hypersesthesia 
of the mucous surfaces. Like Grindelia it is 'primarily homoeo- 
pathic to inflammatory action, and when used for acute bron- 
chitis or laryngitis should be used in the middle attenuations. ERYODYCTON—ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM. 
249 
The higher the febrile irritation the more pain there is present, 
and the dryer the cough the higher should we go in the scale of 
dilution. But when the acute disease has passed into the chronic 
stage, and there is great weakness of voice, profuse muco-puru- 
lent expectoration, soreness, and cramp in the chest, loss of ap- 
petite, emaciation, etc., then will Eryodycton, in appreciable doses, 
act beautifully. Dr. G. M. Pease’s provings in Allen’s “ Ency- 
clopedia ” show that it affects the right lung (bronchia) in prefer- 
ence. It is as useful in acute and chronic coryza as in bronchitis. 
Altogether, I predict that it will prove a valuable addition to our 
Materia Medica. 
Later experience has satisfied me that it has powers which re- 
semble Stannum, Copaiva, and Drosera, for I have cured several 
cases of chronic muco-purulent bronchitis and whooping-cough 
with the lowest dilutions. 
ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM. 
This endogenous-looking plant, resembling in its leaves the 
Yucca of our gardens, grows all over the West on the low prairies. 
It does not grow in swamps, in water, and therefore is not quite 
correctly named. 
It has a peculiar taste (the root), somewhat like Senega, but 
more like Aralia racemosa. 
In its action it resembles several medicines, more particularly 
Cubebs, Copaiva, Hepar sulph., Senega, and Spongia. It appears 
to have an affinity for the mucous membrane of the larynx, bron- 
chia, bladder, and urethra. 
The provings show that it is homoeopathic to catarrhal inflam- 
mation of the fauces, throat, larynx, and urinary organs. 
It has cured catarrhal ophthalmia (conjunctivitis) in a scrofu- 
lous subject. 
The head symptoms are very similar to those cases of rheumatic 
catarrhal headache which occur before a coryza breaks out, or 
when a catarrhal discharge from the head is suppressed. 
I have found it a valuable remedy in some cases of epidemic in- 
fluenza which were not readily controlled by Gelseminum and 
Sticta, when there were raw, smarting, burning sensations in the 
VOL. II.—17 250 
ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM. 
throat and larynx, with constant, irritating cough, and expectora- 
tion of tenacious yellow mucus. This confirms Dr. Morgan’s ex- 
perience reported in my previous volumes. 
It ought to prove curative in catarrh of the stomach, a disorder 
with which its symptoms and genius correspond. 
Dr. Cushing reported a case of hcematemesis—following a blow 
on the epigastrium—which he thinks he cured with Eryngium, 
but I can see no special indications for its use in such cases, and 
would prefer to rely on Arnica or Sulphuric acid, which experience 
has found so useful. 
Dr. Morgan says lie has used it with success in the mucous diar- 
rhoeas of children, which I do not doubt. 
He also says : “ In leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea it has a specific 
influence. It certainly does act on the virile force, suppressing it, 
as several instances have proved to my satisfaction.” 
This allusion leads me to refer to a proving of Eryngium mari- 
timum, by J. B. Ivatts, of Dublin, Ireland, found in the “ Ameri- 
can Observer,” vol. x, p. 164, in which he refers to the medical 
history and popular beliefs concerning that species. The general 
reputation of the Sea-holly is that of an aphrodisiac, or an excitant 
of venereal desires. It is singular that opposite properties are al- 
leged of two species of the same genus. But this is not so strange 
as giving opposite qualities to the same plant; which, however, can 
be explained by the doctrine of primary and secondary effects, 
and in no other way. 
Mr. Ivatts’s provings show a decided similarity in the two spe- 
cies of Eryngium. He got similar laryngeal symptoms and urinary 
aberrations. To his surprise—knowing the popular reputation of 
the plant—he got “great insensibility of the glans corona, with 
absence of all desire for coition for several days; the power of erec- 
tion seemed gone.” This shows the double action of the drug. 
He thinks it the secondary action, which is quite probable. The 
alleged curative powers, as recorded by old English herbalists, 
accord with the reputation of our indigenous species among the 
common people. 
King, in his “ Eclectic Dispensatory,” says a few grains of the 
root, taken several times a day, will cure haemorrhoids and prolap- 
sus ani, but we have no clinical confirmation of it. ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM. 
251 
The two cases of spermatorrhoea recorded in Hill and Hunt’s 
“ Surgery,” cured by Eryngium, influenced many to use it in that 
complaint, but the success attending its use was meagre. It may 
be applicable to some cases, but we have not yet any definite char- 
acteristic indications. 
I would recommend a trial of it in those cases of gleet which 
recur after every exposure to cold, and as a result of catarrhal af- 
fections. 
While this edition is going through the press, Dr. I. J. Whit- 
field, of Grand Rapids, sent me his experience with Eryngium in 
renal calculi. 
The first case in which I used Eryngium aquat. was in that of a married lady, 
twenty-eight years of age, a fleshy blonde. She had suffered from renal colic since 
seven years of age, with intervals of freedom from attacks, though rarely reach- 
ing beyond a year at a time, and often for years having them from once in two 
or three months to one a month; latterly, for a long time averaging one in three 
weeks, and at the last every week, so that her life was one of suffering in the 
extreme. 
The most heroic treatment was necessarily resorted to for the relief of pain, 
such as Chloroform, subcutaneous injections of Morphia, with large doses of 
Gelseminum, sometimes Atropia instead of Gels. 
The difficulty was confined to the left kidney. The attacks usually gave way 
suddenly, preceded by a gush of water (urine). I had gone over the ground 
with remedies recommended in such cases during the year this patient was under 
my treatment. Noticing the statement that Eryngium was particularly useful in 
affections of mucous membranes, with an apparent affinity to the left side, and 
my patient’s bladder symptoms corresponding to those given by Ilale in the third 
edition of “ New Remedies,” also covering the abdominal symptoms, I decided to 
give this remedy. I accordingly gave it in first dilution, teaspoonful doses three 
times a day. Within three weeks after beginning its use, one very severe attack 
came on that proved to be the last. My next visit was to look after vesical tenes- 
mus, persistent and severe; but on my arrival it had suddenly ceased, at the 
expulsion of a large calculi, about the size of an ordinary hazelnut, irregularly 
dark and rough. I continued the remedy for several months after this last attack. 
The cure seems to be complete at this date, some eighteen months. 
The second case was under treatment at the same time the lady was, so that 
as soon as her case terminated I put this case on the same remedy. 
My second case was a thickset, fleshy man, about forty years of age, mail agent 
on railroad. He first came to me suffering from stricture of urethra, at which time 
I learned that at times he suffered terribly from attacks of what he called bilious 
colic, so named by his physicians also. He was under my care but a short time 
for stricture before he fell into the hands of another physician, who treated him 
for a year or more for the same difficulty without much if any relief. On his 252 
ERYNGIUM AQUATIOUM—EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
return to me lie informed me that liis colic attacks were more frequent and more 
severe, if possible, and that he feared he should die in some of them yet, unless 
I could do something to cure him. lie was now looking very miserable indeed. 
I entered upon an investigation of his case, and soon became satisfied that his 
was renal colic also. Although this man had had gonorrhoea, I now mistrusted 
that his stricture was spasmodic. After a useless treatment of one or two months 
I put him, as before said, upon the Eryngium, as in the first case. lie visited 
me twice after the first presentation for a renewal of the medicine. If my mem- 
ory serves me rightly, he never had another attack after beginning the use of 
the Eryngium. At his last call he considered himself a new man; never felt 
better in his life. I am hoping that he will have another attack, so that I may 
see him again, as he has forgotten to pay the bill. 
My third case, an old lady of fifty-five; very fleshy. Hers was an acute 
attack; but before seeing her I treated her for cystitis some three weeks, as I 
supposed, with but little relief from bladder symptoms. Upon making a visit to 
her house I found unmistakable evidence of gravel. She was suffering from 
constant tenesmus, vesical, accompanied with a severe pain in the left kidney, 
with great tenderness over that region, extending down the ureter into the blad- 
der. She was unable to lie down. Eryngium cured her in a week or ten days. 
A calculi was expelled, but lost, so that I never saw it. Some ten months have 
passed and the case remains well- 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
In my “Symptomatology of New Remedies/’ Vol. I, I gave 
a fragmentary proving of this drug. Since that time it is grown 
into extensive use, and I deem it proper to acquaint our school 
further in relation to its therapeutic uses. I therefore compile the 
following from the best authorities : 
The tree from which this remedy is obtained is one of the finest specimens of 
the Australian forest. It is an evergreen, and belongs to the natural order of 
Myrtacese, the same order that gives us the clove, cajeput, pimento, and other 
similar vegetable products of our Materia Medica. In its mother country it grows 
to a gigantic size, corresponding therein, in its native woods, to our “ big trees 
of California” of the American forests. It is not unusual to find specimens four 
hundred feet in height. In 1862 a plank was taken from the body of one of these 
trees, and sent to England, that measured sixty-five feet in length, ten feet in 
width, and of a proportionate thickness. It was desired to send one that was one 
hundred and sixty feet in length, and of a proportionate size otherwise, but no 
ship could be found that could transport it. The wood is compact, quite heavy, 
and is impregnated with balsam, or resin, that gives it valuable keeping qualities, 
and of great use in the arts. From its resinous character it is more valuable for 
ship keels than our rock-elm, and it is this same resinous principle of high nau- 
tical value that makes it of so much interest to the pharmacist and physician. 
Besides these general features, it has another important one, that of rapid growth. EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
253 
Forests spring up in a single decade of years. Trees twenty and thirty feet in 
height, in the Channel Islands, have been seen in four years from the planting 
time. In Texas they have been known to grow, from spring to November, to be 
ten or twelve feet in height. In Florida a growth of five feet in four months 
has been recorded. In California a growth of forty feet in height, with a diameter 
of one foot, has been attained in four years’ time. As a shade tree it is not of 
value, as the trunk is so tall, straight, and limbless, save at the top, that the sun- 
light always strikes the ground, even at the base of the tree. The curious posi- 
tion and shape of the leaves also permit of this thorough permeation of the sun- 
light, a characteristic of the Australian forests. 
We have just alluded to the peculiar-shaped leaves; in the young seedling 
they resemble our common myrtle leaves, but as the trunk lengthens out into its 
straight and slender form the leaves also partake of a similar formative growth, 
so that in the mature tree they are one inch in width by from four to seven inches 
in length. In color they are of a pea-green shade, which gradually turns darker 
as the plant matures. Instead of turning their flat surface to the sun, as is com- 
mon with our tree-leaves, they hang in a drooping fashion from the stem, and so 
present only their edges. 
Its fruit, preceded by purple-hued and solitary flowers, resembling our myrtle 
flower, except that they are more full of honey than our myrtle, is a reversed cone, 
with four prominent sides, and hangs high up near the top of the tree. 
It is from the leaves and flowers that the most of the medicinal portions are ob- 
tained. Still, the wood contains them all, but in a lesser ratio and less manageable 
form. It is the oil, Eucalyptol, that is probably the active ingredient in the dif- 
ferent Eucalvptal preparations. 
The first experiments upon its antifebrile qualities were made by Dr. Tristany, 
in Spain, in 1871. They were corroborated by the trials made by Dr. Brunei, of 
Montevideo, and since then by the leading practitioners of most civilized coun- 
tries. Besides their therapeutical value, of which we shall speak further on, the 
tree in its living presence is invaluable as a prophylactic to certain diseases aris- 
ing from exposure to malarial miasm. 
Tracts of land rendered absolutely untenantable from the ravages of malaria, may, 
by the influence of the trees growing thereabouts, be made fruitful and healthy. 
This has been tried in many countries, under many varying circumstances, and 
with uniform success. This is due to a threefold action, viz., the high, open 
growth of the tree, heretofore alluded to, permitting the free entrance of sunlight 
and air about the roots of the trees; the free and rapid growth of the tree, thus 
furnishing ready drainage for the sweltering swamps about which they may be 
planted; and, lastly, by the antimalarial influence of the balsamic odors with 
which it impregnates the surrounding air. The second factor is probably as im- 
portant a one as any in the make-up of the antimalarial influence of the tree. 
When you come to put into figures the amount of representative moisture daily 
exhaled from one of these trees the result is really surprising. Of course no 
exact computation has been made, but from certain crude experiments made by 
the writer, a half dozen years ago, with the common maple leaf—a tree of slow 
growth, and one delighting in warm dry soils—we are sure that this factor is 
greatly underrated. Assuming one grain an hour to be the moisture-exhaling 254 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
work of each leaf (and this is less than our experiments with the maple leaf 
would warrant), we have, then, from twelve to fifteen grains of moisture daily as 
the representative draining work of each leaf; multiply this by the total number 
of leaf elements in a grove of Eucalypti and you get an enormous product. 
Gimbert states that a single tree draws ten times its own weight of water from the 
soil in which it grows every twenty-four hours. 
As to the influence of the aroma, or balsamic odor, it is enough to mention that 
the toxicological influence of the drug is made manifest in many individuals by 
simply breathing the strongly impregnated air about the grove premises. We 
will need to mention but a single instance, out of the many that could be cited, 
of the antimalarial benefit derived from a grove of these trees. Dr. Logan, of 
Kern County, California, wrote that he had given the antimalarial influence of 
the Eucalypti a fair test upon his own place. He says: “ This is cultivated by 
two Chinese companies ; one company lives on the north and the other on the 
south end of the premises, about three-quarters of a mile apart. The localities 
both parties inhabit are favorable to the development of malaria, and, as might 
be expected, they have every year, during the heated term, suffered with malarial 
fever. Last winter we determined to test the mucli-vaunted virtues of the Euca- 
lyptus. In February we gave to the party at the north end two ounces of seed, 
with directions that they should be planted near the house. They germinated 
finely, and produced several thousand of the young plants, but the frost killed 
most of them. About twelve hundred, however, survived. These, when the heated 
term had commenced, had obtained a height of about two feet, and emitted a 
strong aromatic or campliorous odor, perceptible at a distance of a hundred yards. 
In due time the party at the south end were visited by their usual mildly-distress- 
ing fever, but up to the present time (about the middle of the season) we have 
looked in vain for the fii-st symptoms to develop in the other. They are all, to their 
own astonishment, in robust health. These trees now average more than three 
feet in height, and the atmosphere of the houses is strongly impregnated with their 
odor.” The doctor then adds that though carefully searching for hygienic causes, 
other than the Eucalypti, none could be found. He has since planted all of the 
waste places of his farm with the trees, so firmly does he believe in their antima- 
larial virtues. 
Our northern climate is too rigorous for the growth of the Eucalypti, though a 
few trees are known to be in Detroit, but there in hot-houses. 
As to the therapeutics of the tree, quite a volume could be collected of the 
reports of successful cases. I spare you most of this and give only some of the 
more important and practical tests, or new uses of the drug. 
Dr. Keller, physician in chief of the Australian Railway Company, reports the 
following cases, with results, as treated with Eucalyptus. The total number of 
malarial cases was 432.- Of them, 310, or 71.76 per cent., were cured; 122 re- 
quired a supplementary course of Quinine. Of those cured (310) 202 needed 
but a single dose of the remedy (the tincture) ; the remaining 108 cases had one 
or more subsequent paroxysms. Quinine had been given previously to the Eu- 
calyptus in 118 out of the 432 cases. Of the 122 cases in which the remedy failed, 
58 were cured with Quinine, 10 were sent home, 16 remained under treatment, 
and 38 remained in statu quo. Out of the 118 cases in which the Quinine had EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
255 
been previously given, but failed of arresting the disease, 91 recovered under the 
influence of Eucalyptus, the remaining 27 were unbenefited. The several types 
of fever were as follow: Complicated quotidian, 117 ; simple, 73 ; total 190. Com- 
plicated tertian, 126; simple, 95; total, 221. Complicated quartan, 16; simple, 
4; total, 20. Complicated quintan, 1. The complications were splenic and he- 
patic engorgements, anaemia, chronic gastric catarrh, paludal cachexia, etc. The 
remedy proved itself successful in 161 (61.9 per cent.) of the complicated cases, 
and in 149 (86.6 per cent.) of the simple cases. Cures, as classified according to the 
types, we find successes in the tertian to have been 75.57 per cent.; in the quar- 
tan, 70 per cent.; in the quotidian, 67.89 per cent. The remedy, in a single dose, 
arrested the disease in 107 simple and 95 complicated cases. The treatment was 
generally commenced on the fifth day after the first paroxysm, and the average 
duration was but 91 days; whereas, in previous years, when Quinine was em- 
ployed, 121 days was the average time of treatment. The tincture was made by 
macerating for three months the leaves in alcohol. Ten pounds of the leaves 
yielded twenty-five quarts of the tincture; the average dose was two drachms, 
and the average quantity used per patient was seven drachms. 
Dr. Burdel has employed it in 50 cases of quotidian, 39 of tertian, and 34 of 
quartan ague. The powder, tincture, and solid extract were made use of. In 
57 cases he derived no benefit. The treatment extended from five to ten days. 
The extract in 10 to 12 grains, daily, was found most beneficial in preventing re- 
lapses ; this was given for five or six days after the arrest of the paroxysm. 
Castan reports 33 successful cases out of a total of 44 cases treated with the 
drug. Mees, out of 31 cases had 13 cured, 10 greatly benefited, and 52 partially 
relieved. 
Lorinsen cured 43 cases out of 51 to whom he administered the tincture as an 
antiperiodic. In one case of failure, both it and Quinine were unavailing. Bohn 
reports a case of a child with masked intermittent, with cerebral complications, 
where the tincture in drachm doses proved successful in relieving the symptoms 
in four hours, and he recommends it in puerperal fevers. Boyce details a case 
of ague that had resisted Quinine and Arsenic, and was cured by the Eucalyptus 
in four days. He has used it with great success in catarrhal affections of the 
urethra. The oil he recommends of use in odontalgia. Curnow, of London, 
speaks of a Norwegian that had been five weeks with an attack of ague, tertian 
type. The temperature was from 104° to 105.6° F. at the acme of the fever before 
the administration of the tincture of the drug. The administration was com- 
menced on a day preceding an attack, and given in drachm doses ter in die; it 
modified the attack on the following day so that the highest temperature of the 
paroxysm was but 100° F., instead of the customary 105°. No further return of 
the paroxysm was noticed. In another case, a Dane, who was admitted to the 
hospital after an attack of five days’ duration, with seyere paroxysms, lasting 
some twelve hours each time, the highest point of temperature reached at each 
attack was 106.4°. It was of tertian type, and just before the next attack was 
due the administration of Eucalyptus was begun, in the same doses, etc., as before. 
The next two attacks were modified in their severity, and were much shorter; 
the dose was then doubled, and he had but a single attack following this date. 
Limbert has successfully treated wounds by the application of the fresh leaves 256 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
to the parts. After a few hours all the unpleasant odor emanating therefrom is 
counteracted, and a healthy state of healing goes on to complete citatrization. 
Bucquoy, of Cochin Hospital, Paris, asserts that of all the dyugs he has made 
use of in pulmonary gangrene, none have given him the satisfaction that Euca- 
lyptus has. Out of the various cases treated, five were complete cures, while the 
symptoms of all the others were favorably modified. The cough lessened, the 
sputa was less abundant, and the offensive odor was entirely absent, and this after 
Carbolic acid had failed. He used it in the form of an alcoholate, half a drachm 
in a mixture of syrup, gum, and orange-flower water. 
These antiseptic properties of Eucalyptus are due, mostly, to the oil (Eucalyp- 
tol) contained in the various preparations made use of. It (the oil) has been 
known to preserve blood for five months from decomposition (as long as Carbolic 
acid will do the same), which is longer than Turpentine will keep it unchanged. 
Limbert and Birch have both made experiments to this effect, and both confirm 
the statement. The action of the remedy upon the white blood-corpuscles is 
analogous to that of Quinine, as it restrains their amoeboid movements, and hence 
its usefulness in the class of troubles, congestive in their nature, where it may be 
locally applied. • 
As an item of agricultural interest it may be noted that it has been asserted 
by French writers to be a remedy for phylloxera; that trees growing near the 
grapevines protect the vines from the ravages of this parasite. Experiments have 
also been made with the essence of the drug upon the diseased vines, by Abbe Hol- 
land, in the manner of inoculation, and with such success that he has pronounced 
it, after a trial of two years of its virtues, “ an infallible remedy.” He makes a 
broad incision through the bark at the neck of the vine, and into this drops a few 
drops of the essence, or rubs it over the cut surface with a camel’s hair brush. 
The result is, as he says, that in three or four days the parasites are destroyed, but 
the vine remains uninjured. The incision may be made in any other part of 
the bark, but the desirable result is more speedily obtained by making it as near 
the roots as possible. 
I have now, in a sort of a rambling way, given you an insight to the literature 
of the drug. A volume could be collected, from various reliable sources, upon 
its hygienic and therapeutical value, but I trust that what I have given will be 
sufficient to call your attention to its chief merits. The literature is emphatic in 
its pronunciation of its success as an antimalarial agent, as a remedy of great 
value in chronic inflammation of the air-passages, as an antiseptic in surgical 
dressings, and as of value as a local application upon any inflamed mucous sur- 
faces. Yet with all this literature at its back, it is a remedy of recent date. 
Prior to 1871 it was little known to the profession east of the Pacific Slope. Parke, 
Davis & Co. were the first to bring it before the professional public in the form 
of a fluid extract, and their first order, for only twenty-five pounds of the young 
leaves, exhausted the Yew York market. The price then paid was exorbitant; 
but it is now so generally called for, from their energetic advertising of its merits, 
that it is ranked with our drugs of lesser cost, and is of greater value than many 
whose age is more pretentious.—C. IIenri Leonard, M.D., in “ Yew Prepara- 
tions.” 257 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
Note on Some of the Therapeutic Virtues of Eucalyp- 
tus Globulus.—Rather more than a year ago my attention was 
first drawn to this remedy by an interesting reference to it in Sir 
John Rose Connack’s “ Clinical Studies.” In a postscript to a 
case of cauliflower excrescence of the uterus, he mentions that lat- 
terly he has used, as an injection, an infusion of the leaves of the 
Eucalyptus, or a mixture of from one to four drachms of a tinc- 
ture in eight ounces of tepid water. Besides being refreshing and 
comforting to patients so affected, these applications have in his 
experience a remarkable power of destroying the fetid odor of 
morbid discharges, without the substitution of another unpleasant 
smell. He extends the remark, after much experience, to the of- 
fensive discharges attendant upon cases of ozsena, cancer of the 
tongue and throat, cancer of the uterus, gangrene, and other affec- 
tions accompanied by fetor. In the same postscript he mentions 
that in simple uterine catarrh he knows of no remedy equal in 
value to the Eucalyptus globulus. In these cases he has met with 
the most satisfactory results when it was simultaneously admin- 
istered by the stomach and in the form of an injection. He adds: 
“As Gubler has shown, the anticatarrhal virtues of Eucalyptus are most 
remarkable. With increasing experience of its power, I more and more use it 
in bronchial, vesical, and uterine catarrh, in gonorrhoea, and in gleet.” These 
representations of Sir John Eose Cormack, and the circumstance which he also 
mentions, that a preparation of the essential oil in capsules is a favorite prescrip- 
tion with many leading physicians in Paris, led me to make trial of the remedy 
in a variety of cases during the past year. The only preparation which I have 
used has been the tincture, prepared by several of our most eminent chemists in 
Edinburgh, and I have seldom prescribed more than a teaspoonful, mixed with 
a wineglassful of water, twice a day. In several cases of bronchitis, with profuse 
expectoration, I have witnessed remarkable benefits after a very brief use of the rem- 
edy, evinced by a rapid diminution of the discharge, and also by a corresponding 
improvement in the general condition of the patient. But my object in writing 
this note is to recommend the internal use of Eucalyptus in a class of cases to 
which, as far as I know, it has not hitherto been considered applicable It 
occurred to me that owing to its valuable properties as a disinfectant, deodorant, 
and astringent, it might prove useful in certain forms of disease in the stomach 
and bowels A gentleman of seventy-five had suffered from formidable 
disease of the stomach for eight or ten years, and on several occasions had 
seemed very near his end, with every symptom of malignant ulceration. Great 
quantities of blood had been vomited from time to time, and at short intervals, 
seldom exceeding a fortnight, the stomach after becoming painfully distended 
with a sour barmy fluid was relieved by repeated vomiting, while life itself seemed 258 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
possible only with extreme lightness of diet and mast vigorous self-denial 
He has taken the tincture of Eucalyptus twice daily for many months, and during 
all that time has scarcely had even a threatening of those painful and exhausting 
attacks which had latterly occurred almost every week. 
Another old gentleman, a retired medical man of eminence, who for some years 
has labored under symptoms which indicate disease of the stomach, and possibly 
the colon, is so sensible of benefit from the use of the medicine, that he can sel- 
dom abandon it for even a few days without being reminded of its importance 
and eagerly resuming it. 
Another case, in which ulceration, or some other organic disease of the stomach, 
seemed the only reasonable diagnosis, the patient made an unexpected recovery 
from extreme attenuation and weakness under similar treatment. 
I have tried it repeatedly in a class of cases which are usually regarded as 
ulcers of the stomach, threatening perforation, and with complete success 
Of course no one will think of using the medicine as a specific in any case where 
it may seem to be indicated. All the details as to diet and general regimen, 
which would be deemed necessary without it, must be carefully attended to. In 
conclusion, I may say, that it seemed to me of manifest use lately in a case of 
diphtheria commencing in the gullet and ascending to the fauces; and my belief 
is that it might be prescribed with advantage in some cases of typhoid fever.— 
“ Edinburgh Medical Journal.” 
Eucalyptus as a Disinfectant, Antiseptic, and Epi- 
demic Remedy.—I propose giving you a little of my experience 
in the use of Eucalyptus. About the last of August, 1875, 1 had 
a case of intermittent fever which Quinine did not touch, from the 
fact that it would not stay in the stomach so long as it was going 
down, even at the intervals between the sweating stage and chill. 
I suppose you will say that I did not prepare the stomach for the 
Quinine. The Eucalyptus prepared the stomach by antidoting 
the poison that produced the trouble, and the case was cured in 
three days—no more chills after the first fifteen drops of Euca- 
lyptus were administered. It proved to be the only remedy the 
stomach would recognize as the tool which nature or the vital force 
required to work with in the case, and the beauty of it in such 
cases is, you can give it with ail certainty without regard to stage, 
or, as the old folks used to say, “idiosyncrasy.” You can call it 
antiperiodical in this case, or what you please. I only pretend to 
say, it was the specific antidote or remedy for the case. 
Case II.—“Facial neuralgia.” Lady, aged 55, bilious and sanguine tempera- 
ment, had been troubled by spells for several years. All the usual remedies 
failed to even afford relief. From its periodic character I tried Eucalyptus. (I EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
259 
should have said that the patient possessed an erysipelatous diathesis.) From the 
first fifteen-drop dose I could see an amendment, and in twenty-four hours the neu- 
ralgia was gone; and at the usual time for it to return this fall it did not put in 
an appearance. There were slight symptoms, but two or three doses of Eucalyp- 
tus were sufficient to set all right again. 
Case III.—As an Antiseptic and Disinfectant. Having a case of retained pla- 
centa at the fourth month, and not being called in until the odor in the room be- 
came almost unbearable, I removed what I could of the putrid placenta, and or- 
dered vaginal enemas of tepid water, adding a little castile soap, and used on my 
hands Carbolic and Salicylic acid, without much effect. I then tried Eucalyptus, 
which was at once the sufficient disinfectant. I at once returned and ordered the 
vaginal enemas changed to Eucalyptus put in alcohol equal parts, adding a tea- 
spoonful to one-half pint or a pint of tepid water, and use at once, the enemas 
being repeated every three hours. Suffice it to say, the next day when I called 
there was no putrescency about the room or bed, although there were pieces 
of the placenta passed at several different times after the Eucalyptus was com- 
menced, and the patient made a good recovery. 
Case IV.—Lady, aged 58. General erysipelas, with putrid dysenteric pas- 
sages. Case pronounced hopeless by others. I gave a dose of Eucalyptus (fif- 
teen drops), followed by Veratrum gtt. vij, water v, a teaspoonful to be given 
every half hour until a moisture appeared on the skin. The passages spoken of 
occurring every few minutes before taking the Eucalyptus, did not occur but once 
after the first fifteen drops in twelve hours, and no more putrescency. After the 
first dose I prepared Fluid extract eucalyptus gij, water §iv. Dose, a teaspoon- 
ful alternately with the Veratrum. The patient made a good recovery. 
Case. V.—Child, aged 8 years. Diphtheria. Found the child’s mouth black 
as ink; diphtheria coating as thick as one-half the length of the uvula; pulse 
asthenic, and breath very putrid. This was the only child left in the family, and 
I considered the responsibility, the parents being willing to risk a change of doc- 
tors. I made a gargle of Tincture baptisia £j, Eucalyptus £iss., water 5 i v, to be 
used, a teaspoonful as a gargle every hour, and one-half teaspoonful taken alter- 
nately with the gargling. Also Tincture veratrum gtt. v, Aconite gtt. vij, water 
giv. M. S. One teaspoonful every hour. Sharp vinegar applied to throat ex- 
ternally. Was to call again next day, but must confess I did not care about get- 
ting quite there until I heard the child was alive, and to my astonishment I 
found the mouth and throat as clean and natural in color as I could wish; tonsils 
somewhat swollen, but of natural color; pulse full and normal. Result, a good 
recovery.—A. M. Woodward, M.D., in “ Southern Medical Record.” 
More about Eucalyptus.—An every-day use of the above 
article develops more and more its superior claims as one of the 
best, if not the best “ antiseptic remedy ” now known, and herein 
lies its power as a febrifuge, aided by the moderate “diaphoretic” 
property which it possesses. 
Its effect in all grades of diphtheria is suddenly pronounced, in 260 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
changing the fetor of the breath, or the septic condition of the 
blood and other fluids of the system, on which depends the severity 
of the disease, and should be the first remedy given in this scourge 
of our country, and followed up until the system is thoroughly 
cleansed of every vestige of the “ virus,” used both as a gargle 
for the throat and posterior nares, and as an internal remedy. 
For gargle: 
R. FI. Eucalyptus, .... gij. 
Aq. Fontana, . . . . sjiv. 
Use q. s. every half hour or hour. 
Internally, §j, aq. fon., 5 iv. Dose, one teaspoonful every hour. 
Of course other remedies are necessary to fulfil different indi- 
cations, as there are no two cases which require the same treat- 
ment, save the Eucalyptus, and as I am not writing an article on 
diphtheria, I shall not give them here. 
In typhoid and malarial fevers, “ Eucalyptus glob.” is an in- 
dispensable remedy. A case I recently attended, of the worst 
malignant type, will show its power in counteracting the fermen- 
tation or putrescent condition in such cases. 
When I entered the room where the patient lay, the putrid 
scent was unbearable, and the friends summoned to witness the 
final separation. Patient unable to utter an audible sound. I at 
once commenced the use of Eucalyptus, and in twelve hours you 
could perceive no putrid scent whatever, and with other appro- 
priate remedies the patient recovered. 
In putrid dysentery—child three years old—changed in six 
hours to healthy passages, and with Aconite, grs. v, aq. one-half 
goblet, and teaspoonful given every hour, the child was about the 
house in two days. When called the child was comatose and 
passages principally putrid blood. 
In scarlatina it has the same salutary effect. Three cases in one 
family, recently treated by my partner, Dr. J. M. Mulholland, 
were changed from a malignant to a simple type in two days. 
From a putrid concentration to the throat to a healthy scarlet 
eruption on the whole surface. 
As has been noticed in other articles its effect in unhealthy 
ulcers, as a wash and to administer internally, is well marked. 
We are now using it in cases of gunshot wound of knee-joint 261 
EUCALYPTUS globulus. 
with the most favorable results, keeping down inflammation and 
producing a favorable termination. It acted like a charm, and 
recovered without inflammation and but very little suppuration. 
I would add that in the cases treated by my partner, of scarla- 
tina, there were no other remedies used except Aconite and Bella- 
donna, in very minute doses. 
R. Tr. Aconite, Tr. Belladonna, aa, . . . . gtt. iij 
Aqua, one tumblerful. 
B. One teaspoonful every hour. 
R. Eucalyptus (fluid extract), gtt. xv 
Aqua, one-half tumbler. 
Use alternately in teaspoonful doses, and for gargle. 
I would also add that we have had a very large number of 
cases of both diphtheria and scarlet fever within the past year, 
but of scarlatina we have lost none, diphtheria two, and those com- 
menced in the lungs, filling the large bronchial tubes and trachea. 
It is one of our best remedies in the type of fever which pre- 
vails this fall, called by some typho-malarial.—A. B. Wood- 
ward, M.D., in “ Medical and Surgical Journal.” 
Therapeutical Applications of Eucalyptus Globu- 
lus.—At the last meeting of the San Francisco Medical Society, 
Dr. Pigne Dupuytren said he had used Eucalyptus in the French 
hospital for a year, during which time many interesting results 
had been noted. In March last a hundred of the small trees had 
been planted on the hospital grounds. They had now reached 
the height of seven feet. He related the following cases : 
A man had arteritis of the leg, succeeded by gangrene, which extended so 
high up as to render amputation impossible. In two weeks a large ulcer resulted, 
whose odor was horribly fetid. Everything in turn was employed to destroy 
this odor, to no effect. At last a decoction of Eucalyptus was resorted to, and, 
without exaggeration, in five minutes all fetor had disappeared. The decoction 
continued to be used with the same effect until death occurred, two or three 
weeks subsequently. 
Another man, who had been under treatment in the hospital for two months, 
with extensive, deep ulcer from varix of a year’s duration, had the decoction ap- 
plied to the ulcer three times a day with remarkable effect. In five or six days 
the ulcer was entirely covered with healthy granulations, and in a month it was 
entirely well. 
A woman had been troubled for many months with an ulcer around the ori- 262 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
fice of the urethra. It was cauterized five times with no result. After twelve 
days’ use of the decoction of Eucalyptus, washing thrice daily, it was well. 
Four cases of syphilitic chancres healed under the Eucalyptus dressing in five 
or six days, without other treatment. These were very recent cases, or constitu- 
tional treatment would have been resorted to. 
He had but one case of intermittent fever to report. This had proved rebel- 
lious to Quinia, and also to Arsenic, which latter had been administered for two 
weeks. A three weeks’ course of the Eucalyptus cured entirely. 
So numerous were the cases of bronchitis cured with the drug that it was 
hardly worth while to mention them.—“Pacific Medical Journal.” 
Eucalyptus Globulus.—Dr. Wooster, of San Francisco, Cal- 
ifornia, submitted a report of 136 cases of various diseases treated 
exclusively with Fluid extract of eucalyptus globulus. 
Remittent fever : cases treated, 5; cured, 5. Intermittent fever : cases treated, 
19; cured, 19. Typhoid fever: cases treated, 9; cured, 9. Nephritis: cases 
treated, 4; cured, 3; improved, 1. Diuresis: cases treated, 10; cured, 7 ; im- 
proved, 3. Incontinence of urine: cases treated, 3 ; cured, 3. Vesical catarrh: 
cases treated, 27; cured, 25; improved, 2. Blennorrhagia: cases treated, 13; 
cured, 10; improved, 3. Valvular disease of heart: cases treated, 7 ; cured, 0; 
improved, 7. Dysentery: cases treated, 4; cured, 3 ; improved, 1. Chronic di- 
arrhoea: cases treated, 13; cured, 9; improved, 4. Gonorrhoea (syphilitic): 
cases treated, 15; cured, 10; improved, 5. Dropsy: cases treated, 6; cured, 3; 
improved, 3. Of the whole number of cases, 106 were cured and 29 improved. 
At a recent meeting of the San Francisco Medical Society, Dr. 
Stout exhibited an ingenious apparatus for the inhalation of med- 
icated vapors. The medicated liquor is kept boiling by a spirit- 
lamp, and the vapor conducted through a tube. He has used the 
Eucalyptus in this way, employing the tincture in water. It was 
preferable to the common atomizer, because of the warm vapor, 
which is not only medicinal in itself, but promotive of absorption. 
The Eucalyptus he had found very beneficial in bronchial and 
pulmonic affections. 
Dr. Pigne Dupuytren testified to the virtues of the remedy, 
which had been fully tested by himself and Dr. D. Oliveira, in 
the French hospital. It had been found highly serviceable in 
affections of the larynx and of the mucous membranes in general; 
also as a tonic. In France it was much used as a febrifuge, and 
by some considered a substitute for Cinchona. The leaves grow- 
ing near the trunk of the tree were the most aromatic. A large 
number of the trees had been planted around the French hospital eucalyptus globulus. 
263 
for sanitary and medicinal purposes. The leaves, in drying, 
emitted a large amount of balsamic exhalations, capable of caus- 
ing headache in persons much exposed to them, as he had experi- 
enced in his own house.—“Pacific Medical and Surgical Journal.” 
Eucalyptus Globulus in the Treatment of Remittent 
and Intermittent Fevers.—Having seen but little written on 
the action of Eucalyptus globulus in the treatment of remitting 
and intermitting fevers, 1 thought I would give you a history of 
a few cases that I had been trying it in, in the last few months, for 
the benefit of your readers that have not had any experience in the 
use of it. The following is a brief history of the cases : 
Mrs. V., aged 38, a farmer’s wife, very much emaciated, having been suffering 
from intermittent fever for several months, which had assumed the double quo- 
tidian type. For the last ten days she was not able to be out of bed. The par- 
oxysms came on regularly at 7 A.M. and 10 p.m., and were accompanied with very 
slight chilly sensation and some coldness of the feet, followed by very high fever 
and profuse perspiration. I gave her very large doses of Quinine without any 
effect; also gave Arsenite of potash with the same result. I then gave gtts. lx 
of Fluid extract eucalyptus every hour and a half, commencing in the sweating 
stage and continuing it until the time of the next paroxysm. She did not have 
any return of the attacks, and has continued well ever since. 
Mr. P., aged 26, German, baker, had been treated for remitting fever for eight 
days by my friend, Dr. B., of this place, and he had been giving him very large 
doses of Quinine without interrupting the paroxysms. He became dissatisfied 
and sent for me. I gave him gtts. lx every hour and a half of Fluid extract 
eucalyptus, commencing during the sweating stage and continuing until he had 
six doses. He had no more fever, and commenced his usual occupation in a few 
days. 
Mr. and Mrs. S., middle-aged, moved to this place from Port Jefferson, both 
suffering with intermittent fever. He had been laboring under the quartan type 
for eight months, and she had been troubled w'ith the quotidian type for the last 
two years, more or less, and had had it for the last six weeks regularly. She was 
pregnant, seven months advanced, anaemic, with a sallow complexion, spleen very 
much enlarged, reaching about four inches below the free margin of the ribs. 
Before trying the Eucalyptus I gave xx of Quinia in the sweating stage, without 
any effect in either case. I then opened the bowels in both cases with Hydrarg. 
clilor. mit., and followed it with the usual doses of Eucalyptus; there has been 
no return of the disease in either case. 
These experiments, although confined to a small number of 
cases, seem to show that there are cases in which Quinine proves 
inefficacious. In such cases it is important to possess a remedy 
that will answer, and I believe that Eucalyptus possesses that 264 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
power; and, besides, it does not cause those distressing head 
troubles that belong to Quinia, and it is not nearly so disagreeable 
to the taste.—T. B. Talbot, M.D., Sidney, O., in the “ Clinic.” 
Eucalyptus Globulus.—M. Bucquoy, in the “ Soc. Med. des 
Ilopitaux,” gives a very flattering account of this remedy in cer- 
tain pulmonary diseases. He savs, in five cases of gangrene of 
the lung it was decidedly beneficial. Even in those of fatal ter- 
mination it calmed the cough and diminished the fetid odor much 
better than Phenic acid. With one patient having the pleuro- 
pneumonic form, the use of Eucalyptus removed the gangrenous 
odor from the expectorated matter, caused the dyspnoea and cough 
to cease, but which reappeared as soon as its use was suspended. 
Notwithstanding a slight pleurisy and signs of a limited and su- 
perficial gangrenous evacuation, the patient was cured by the 
sixtieth day. Tincture of the fresh leaves of Eucalyptus, in 
doses of two grams, in a simple mucilaginous draught, or to which 
Syrup of poppies is added, was the form employed. When the 
depression of the forces was very marked, the preceding was alter- 
nated with Todd’s draught, to which from two to four grams of 
Extract of cinchona was added. 
Dr. Paul Boyce, in the “Virginia Medical Monthly,” gives a 
case of ague and fever, which had been unsuccessfully treated 
with Quinia, Arsenic, etc., as cured in four days by taking of the 
Essence of eucalyptus (prepared from the oil distilled from the 
leaves) two drachms a day. He adds : 
I believe we possess in the Eucalyptus a remedy not inferior to 
the Cinchona alkaloids. The oil applied to the nerve of a tooth 
soon destroys its sensitiveness and quiets the pain. In purulent 
catarrhal affections of the urethra it acts like a charm.—“ New 
Preparations.” 
Eucalyptus in Diphtheria.—In cases of diphtheria, where 
there are dark-red and rough edges of the tongue, I mix “Bap- 
tisia” with the Eucalyptus. For children from two to five years 
old I prescribe: 
R. Fluid Extract Eucalyptus, . . .20 drops. 
Fluid Extract Baptisia, . . . 10 “ 
Aqua, one-half tumbler. 
M., and give a teaspoonful every half hour. EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
265 
This answers the place of a gargle, and also antidotes the “septic 
poison/’ which imprints the type of the disease. If the throat 
and roof of the month present a dark shiny red, I order Euca- 
lyptus alternately with twenty drops of Tincture ferri chloride, 
Aqua, two-thirds of a tumbler; sweeten with good white sugar, 
giving a small sip every hour. If the pulse is sharp and quick, 
tongue white, with injected papillae, Eucalyptus, alternated with 
Tincture aconite, five to seven drops, Aqua two-thirds of a tumbler- 
ful. If full and soft, or full and rather hard, Tincture veratrum 
viride, five to seven drops; Aqua, four ounces; sweeten, and give 
a teaspoonful every one-half or one hour. 
The Eucalyptus is employed as an antiseptic remedy, and the 
Aconite and Veratrum viride as the “ fever remedy,” which is 
very much favored by the use of the Eucalyptus, not more than 
half the amount being required to produce the same amount of 
sudation, or diaphoresis, as is required without the Eucalyptus, and 
the reason is, in part, because the system is relieved of the poison- 
ous irritant, which the Eucalyptus antidotes. It is preferable to 
Quinine in fevers, because Quinine is only an antidote to malarial 
poison, whereas Eucalyptus antidotes both malarial and animal 
poisons. 
In cases of typhoid conditions Quinine invariably does harm by 
producing more excessive dryness of the tongue. Eucalyptus, on 
the contrary, moistens the tongue, and also destroys that peculiar 
septic odor which every practitioner at once recognizes in true ty- 
phoid conditions, if he has a trained nose. In diphtheria it also 
destroys the peculiar odor at once. 
Myself and partner have had diphtheria and scarlet fever cases by 
the hundred since the middle of last April, and we have not failed 
to change malignant types into simple types in a very short time, 
and have stopped the putrid scent so often present within twelve 
hours. We have lost only one case (and that one was a case where 
early treatment was received from other parties), whose trachea 
was filled with diphtheritic exudations when it came into our 
hands. Eucalyptus will change malignant scarlatina to a simple 
type in twenty-four hours, if given and used rationally, with Bel- 
ladonna, if this is necessary to relieve urgent congestion. Of 
YOL. II.—18 266 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
course the strength should be governed according to age and the 
urgency of the symptoms, all of which the true physician can see 
at once. We could give sufficient cases to fill a large volume, 
where Eucalyptus (if a good article) has positively changed ma- 
lignant conditions to favorable conditions in a remarkably short 
space of time. 
As a local application for ulcers and wounds it has no equal, 
and for suspicious leucorrhceal discharges it is one of the best ar- 
ticles ; say one to two drachms in one-half pint of tepid water for 
vaginal injections, injecting it slowly ; and for toning up vaginae 
and weakened and prolapsed uteri there is no better remedy for 
vaginal injections than Eucalyptus, equal parts of Fluid extract 
eucalyptus and spice-bush leaves and bark used in the strength 
above mentioned. 
Eucalyptus is not only an antiseptic, but is also a disinfectant. 
It only requires to be used once to prove this in cases of sloughing 
ulcers or retained placentae. The main trouble, however, is in 
obtaining a good article. 
Had I sufficient time I would give cases where we have used it 
alone in order to test its virtues, but suffice it to say that we do 
not see fit to be without it for a moment if we can help it; and we 
prefer the fluid extract made from the leaves of the Eucalyptus 
which grows in Australia, believing it to be as much superior to 
the Californian tree as the long Buchu leaves are superior to the 
short. , 
We also wish to bring to the notice of the profession the Fluid 
extract of spice-bush leaves and bark for vaginal enemas, in cases 
of prolapsed uteri and ulcerations of the os and vagina, leucor- 
rhoea, etc. 
We will give you some of our experience in the use of “ Equi- 
setum hyemale” as soon as convenient. The article grows here in 
abundance. It is almost a specific in congestion or clogging of 
the kidneys, and as such is an indispensable article.—A. B. Wood- 
ward, M.D., in “New Preparations.” 
Eucalyptus Globulus in Pleurisy.—Eucalyptus given in 
alternate doses with Grindelia robusta in tuberculosis or inflam- EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
267 
matory condition of the lungs and pleura, is very efficacious, as I 
have found in a recent case, which I will report: 
Mr. J. T., aged forty-five, of a sanguine, nervous temperament, was attacked 
about December 4th, 1877, with pleurisy and inflammation of the lungs. The 
lower lobe of the right side was the most affected; also the pleura, on same side 
was much affected. The inflammation of the lungs terminated in a large abscess 
or tubercle in lower lobe of right lung. He expectorated a pint of muco-puru- 
lent matter in the course of two hours, then the cough became easier, and the ex- 
pectoration became less every day, and after two weeks from the time of attack 
he was convalescent. The attack was so severe that he could not lie down for 
forty-eight hours, and his feet and hands were very much swollen. The dyspnoea 
was labored and difficult; urine very high-colored. The bowels remained inac- 
tive as to the evacuation of their contents for ten days. I do not believe in evac- 
uating the bowels unless there is some organic lesion. To give a cathartic early, 
to evacuate, is bad policy in any case of disease of the respiratory organs. 
I treated the above case on general principles. I gave the 
Grindelia and Eucalyptus in half-drachm doses alternately every 
two to four hours for ten days, then gave it alternately every six 
hours for ten days. At the end of twenty-five days all cough and 
expectoration had ceased. For a week all who saw this case pro- 
nounced it a hopeless one, and that neither I nor any one else 
could cure him. 
It was the worst case of the kind I have treated for the past 
twenty-eight years, and I think his recovery was due to the 
alternate effect of Eucalyptus and Grindelia. No blisters were 
applied to the affected parts in this case; I do not approve of 
blistering in any disease of the chest, because it only adds to the 
already existing irritation. 
Grindelia seems to act as a non-irritant on the nerves of respi- 
ration ; Eucalyptus acts principally upon the secretions, and car- 
ries off the deleterious matters of the system through the excre- 
tory organs, the spleen, the kidneys, and the skin. Its force is also 
spent on the mucous surfaces.—George W. Mallory, M.D., 
Lowell, Michigan, in “ New Preparations.” 
Eucalyptus Globulus in Malarial Fever.—I report a 
case that came under my care last fall: 
J. D. came under my care suffering with great anaemia, debility, night- 
sweats, etc. He had had various attacks of fever and chills. Had been given 268 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
Quinine and Cinclionidia until almost deaf and the brain and nervous system 
badly injured. The mineral acids bad been used and the bromides to relieve the 
brain. He bad very slight fever in the evening, yet he was very restless and de- 
lirious through the night. All the old remedies had been exhausted for good 
and even pushed to harm. His friends had despaired of recovery. I had just 
read “ Hew Preparations,” and put him on Eucalyptus, a teaspoonful of the 
fluid extract every four hours. Under its influence he slept well, the night- 
sweats stopped, and he made a rapid recovery. 
I have used it in other cases with satisfaction. My experience 
proves it to be a good tonic, and it exerts a soothing anodyne 
influence on the nervous system. It seems to increase the efficacy 
of Quinine to control intermittents and to obviate some of the ob- 
jectionable features of it. It also acts as a diuretic.—L. Stanley, 
M.D., Fincastle, Indiana, in “ New Preparations.” 
Eucalyptus in Diphtheria.—The accustomed reader of 
medical journals of the present day cannot well avoid noticing the 
unusual amount of matter now being written upon the subject of 
diphtheria. The conclusion would naturally arise, in such case, 
that this had become either a very common disease, or one about 
which there exists great difference of opinion. Whether the former 
or latter be the true solution, it must be the conceded duty of each 
one having such cases under his care to give his experience in the 
treatment, through the medical journals. So, in accordance with 
such convictions, I will offer my mode of treatment. During the 
past twelve months scarcely a family in this whole section of 
country has escaped this fearful disease. I have had as many as 
half a dozen cases in one house at the same time, and have used 
almost every form of treatment. During the prevalence of this 
epidemic, I have had under my charge about two hundred cases. 
I will give the particulars of only one case, which will fully illus- 
trate the advantages of my mode of treatment. 
March 16th, 1877, I was called to see a case, aged about eight 
years. I diagnosed at once a genuine case of diphtheria, and put 
him on the following, viz., Chlorate of potash, Sulphite soda, and 
Glycerin internally ; also Sulphas quinirn as a tonie and stimulant, 
and as a local application equal parts of Tincture iodine and Gly- eucalyptus globulus. 
269 
cerin. This plan I have found to succeed in a large majority of 
cases, but in the present case, in spite of my perseverance with the 
above course, in combination with other minor points, I was non- 
plussed to see my patient gradually growing worse. The mem- 
brane in the fauces, pharynx, and nares at this time was quite 
extensive ; so at this juncture I concluded to make a change in the 
local treatment, which consisted in the substitution of Fluid ex- 
tract eucalyptus globulus instead of Iodine and Glycerin. Im- 
agine my wonderful surprise, on the first application of the Eu- 
calyptus globulus, to see large flakes of membrane readily peel off, 
and the same result on each subsequent application; and in a few 
days I had the pleasure of seeing my little patient convalescent. 
Since using the Eucalyptus globulus in the above case I have tested 
its powers in quite a number of other cases, and can heartily recom- 
mend its use to others. In some cases I use it as a mop, with a 
soft piece of sponge, in others simply as a gargle.—J. E. Mas- 
sey, M.D., in “ The Medical and Surgical Reporter.” 
Eucalyptus as a Local Anaesthetic.—Dr. Horton (Ohio 
State Dental Society) speaks of the Extract of eucalyptus as pro- 
ducing good results as a pain obtunder in sensitive dentine. A 
drop on a pledget of cotton is used. He thinks it the best of the 
local applications.—“ Louisville Medical News.” 
Eucalyptus Globulus in Malarial Nightsweats.—Dur- 
ing the last year I have used eucalyptus globulus with the most 
happy results in nightsweats, as the following cases show: 
Last May Mrs. A. M. B came under my charge, very icterotic and ema- 
ciated from excessive nightsweats. Had been treated by a skilful physician 
with all the usual remedies that he could summon, but to no effect in mitigating 
her sufferings. I put her upon Eucalyptus globulus, one-drachm doses four times 
a day for two days; then three times a day for three days, with a remarkable 
change for the better. Then I made a tonic of Eucalyptus and simple elixir, 
equal parts, and ordered one teaspoonful four times a day. In two weeks’ time 
the sweating had entirely ceased. She used the medicine one month, and was 
completely restored to her wonted health. 
Frank H., who had been treated for ten months for chronic ague, icterotic, with 270 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
occasional nightsweats, was restored to health by first giving him one ounce 
of Warburg’s tincture to break the chills; then following it up with half-drachm 
doses of Eucalyptus globulus, and two-drop doses of Fluid extract podophyl- 
lum every four hours during the day. Four ounces of fluid extract was alone 
sufficient, but to make sure he was all right I had this prescription duplicated. 
Mr. Z. came to mein November, very pale and emaciated, suffering with chills, 
nightsweats, and splenitis. I ordered him to take one Podophvllin and Bella- 
donna pill twice a day, and Eucalyptus globulus and simple elixir, equal parts, 
every three hours for three days, then every four hours for four days, then report 
to me. He had been treated by the physicians in our neighboring towns for five 
months with very little improvement. Said that “ my medicine had done him 
more good in one week’s time than all the medicine he had taken.” He is now 
well. 
I might go on and give a long list of the good results in my 
practice, but let this suffice.—W. L. Reed, M.D., in “ New Prepa- 
rations.” 
Eucalyptus in Membranous Croup.—Dr. Walcker claims 
to have had great success in the treatment of membranous croup, 
both in its primary form and in the form which he regards as sec- 
ondary to diphtheria of the pharynx. He employs the Alcoholic 
tincture of eucalyptus globulus. Professor Gubler and Dr. Gim- 
bert, of Cannes, have shown that Eucalyptol, the active principle 
of the Eucalyptus, has a special action on chronic catarrh, with 
muco-purulent secretion, especially when located in the lungs,and 
that the resinous principle is chiefly eliminated through these or- 
gans. Dr. Walcker employed it with benefit in doses of from two 
and a half to five drachms per diem in cases of chronic bronchitis, 
in old people, and in a case of pulmonary gangrene that recovered. 
He then tried it in several cases of croup, and it succeeded beyond his 
expectations. In one case the cast of the entire trachea and of the 
first and second bronchial bifurcations was coughed up, and the 
patient, a child of five years of age, recovered. He has now dis- 
carded local applications, and orders an ounce of the Tincture of 
eucalyptus with three ounces of syrup, a teaspoonful of the mix- 
ture being given every hour. The children take it readily, and 
if given slowly any diseased part in the pharynx will be suffi- 
ciently impregnated with the medicament. A mild emetic of Ipe- 
cac. is given occasionally, if the patient be strong enough to bear EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
271 
it. Cold drinks are given to relieve thirst, and cold applications 
are made to the head if there is much congestion. The child’s 
strength is to be kept up by proper nourishment; the alcohol con- 
tained in the above mixture is serviceable in this connection. Dr. 
Walcker has given five drachms and more of the Tincture of eu- 
calyptus per diem to a child five years of age, and has never 
known any bad symptoms to be produced by it. Dr. Siegen 
thinks that it is indicated in all febrile affections of the respira- 
tory organs, and especially in whooping-cough.—“Gazette Medi- 
cale de Strasbourg,” February 1st, 1877. 
Eucalyptus in Uterine Leucorehcea.—In his “Clinical 
Studies,” Sir John Rose Cormack makes some remarks upon a 
therapeutical agent but little known in this country, viz., the 
Eucalyptus globulus. In simple uterine catarrh Sir John says 
that he does not know of any remedy equal in value to prepara- 
tions of this plant. “In such cases,” he continues, “I have seve- 
ral times, with most satisfactory results, simultaneously adminis- 
tered them by the stomach and in the form of injections. As 
Gubler has shown, the anticatarrhal virtues of Eucalyptus are 
most remarkable. With increasing experience of its power, I 
more and more employ it in bronchial, vesical, and uterine catarrh, 
in gonorrhoea, and in gleet.” An infusion (half an ounce to two 
pints), or a tincture (one ounce to a pint of rectified spirit) of the 
leaves, or the essential oil given in capsules, are the preparations 
ordinarily employed. As a gargle or vaginal injection, and for 
external application, the infusion, or the tincture diluted (one 
drachm to six or eight ounces of cold or tepid water), may be 
used. Besides these therapeutic uses of the Eucalyptus, the au- 
thor adds his very favorable experience of its remarkable power 
of destroying the fetid odor of morbid discharges without the sub- 
stitution of another unpleasant smell. He speaks from an exten- 
sive trial of Eucalyptus lotions in horribly offensive discharges in 
cases of ozsena, cancer of the tongue and throat, cancer of the 
uterus, gangrene, and other affections attended by fetor.—“ Medi- 
cal and Surgical Reporter.” 272 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
Eucalyptus as an Antiperiodic.—The wonderful effects 
reported of the hygienic and therapeutical power of this Aus- 
tralian tree have been published within the last four years in the 
“ Circular/’ as new facts were recorded in medical literature. Even 
the growing tree appears to be capable of counteracting those 
atmospheric conditions which develop intermittent fevers in such 
particular localities as come to be known as aguish districts ; and 
preparations of the bark and leaves are said to be powerful anti- 
dotes, when internally administered, to persons poisoned with the 
specific malaria. The following report of two cases seems to be 
authentic, and strengthens others that have been noticed in back 
volumes. Two instances are cited by Dr. Curnow, of London, 
of the cure of intermittent fever by the use of tincture of Euca- 
lyptus globulus. We give in full the author’s account of one of 
these cases, as sufficiently illustrating the action of the drug: 
S. S , aged eighteen, a Norwegian, was admitted to King’s College Hos- 
pital May 23d, 1876. He had been suffering from intermittent fever for four or 
live weeks. The attacks were moderately severe and of a well-marked tertian 
type. An expectant plan of treatment was pursued until June 9th, and during 
this period the paroxysms recurred on alternate days with the utmost regularity. 
They began at 10 A.M., reached their acme between 1.30 and 3 p.m., and passed 
off about 6 p.m. The highest temperature varied from 104.8° to 105.6°. On 
June 9th the tincture of the Eucalyptus globulus was given in one-drachm doses 
three times daily. The next day, on which another attack was due, his tempera- 
ture rose to 100°, and on the 12th to 100.4° ; after this date no further paroxysms 
occurred during the remainder of his stay in the hospital.—“Druggists’ Cir- 
cular.” 
The Sanitary Influence of the Eucalyptus.—We learn 
from the “ Meteorological Magazine ” that at the Easter reunion at 
the Sorbonne some information was given by Dr. de Pietra Santra, 
a delegate from the Climatological Society of Algiers, as to the re- 
sults of an investigation made in Algeria to ascertain the impor- 
tance and value of the Eucalyptus globulus in relation to public 
health. It appears that reports were received from fifty localities, 
where the aggregate number of blue gum trees is nearly one mil- 
lion, and from these reports the following conclusions have been 
drawn: 
(1) It is incontestably proved that the Eucalyptus possesses 273 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
sanitary influence; for, (2) wherever it has been cultivated inter- 
mittent fever has considerably decreased, both in intensity and in 
frequency; and, (3) marshy and uncultivated lands have thus been 
rendered healthy and quite transformed. Similar results have been 
obtained in Corsica, where it is computed that at the end of the 
present year there will be upwards of 600,000 plants of Euca- 
lyptus in full growth.—“ Druggists’ Circular.” 
Eucalyptus.—Moderate doses cause a disturbance of the di- 
gestion, sometimes succeeded by a diarrhoea, in which the motions, 
like the eructations, recall the smell of the Eucalyptus. Large 
doses sometimes cause headache, excitement, and fever, with ac- 
celerated respiration, thirst, sickness, and, generally, sleepiness; 
upon anaemic persons, however, it acts as a narcotic. The symp- 
toms rarely last more than a few hours. 
“In Australia the Eucalyptus globulus is the popular remedy 
for fevers, and in Europe it has been used successfully in the treat- 
ment of diseases prevalent in marshy districts. M. Gubler quotes 
the testimony of several medical practitioners who say that it pro- 
duces marvellous results in cases of intermittent fevers, especially 
obstinate ones, where Sulphate of quinine has been used without 
effect.”—“Phar. Jour, and Trans.,” March 2d, 1872. 
It has been recommended for and used with marked success as 
a disinfectant in dressing wounds, ulcers, purulent catarrhal affec- 
tions of the urethra and vagina, fetid breath, and as an astringent 
to harden spongy and bleeding gums.—“ New Preparations.” 
Eucalyptus in Albuminuria.—My experience with Euca- 
lyptus globulus has not been very extensive, but I have a case 
that I will report: 
Mrs. A , aged thirty-five, called me to see her, January 1st, 1877. I found 
her anasarcal, urine scanty and high-colored, and upon testing it I found albumen 
in abundance. She had been under the treatment of another physician for eight 
weeks without any benefit. I, after making an examination, prescribed Eu- 
calyptus globulus fl. ext. §j, ten drops, three times a day, to be taken on empty 
stomach. Pier digestion being bad, I ordered Lactopeptine in five-grain doses. 
The treatment was continued for eight weeks, the dropsy gradually decreasing, 
and now, after eight months, shows no signs of returning. She is enjoying a 
moderate degree of health.—A. P. Muiuiay, M.D., in “New Preparations.” 274 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
Eucalyptus Globulus in Pulmonary Gangrene.—Of all 
the drugs employed by Dr. Bucquoy (of Cochin Hospital, Paris) 
in pulmonary gangrene, none, he asserts, have given him better 
results than Eucalyptus globulus. He used it in the form of an 
alcoholate, two grams (half a drachm) daily, in a mixture of water, 
gum, orange-flower water, and syrup. Out of the various cases he 
had under his care at Cochin five ended in cure, whilst in all the 
others there was a favorable modification of the odor of the breath, 
the sputa, and the violent cough, after Carbolic acid had failed.— 
“ Lancet.” 
The Eucalyptus as an Insectifuge.—According to the 
“Garden,” the placing of a young plant of Eucalyptus in a bed- 
room infested with mosquitoes has been found sufficient to cause 
the disappearance of the insects. 
Medicinal Power of Eucalyptus.—Dr. David Wooster 
calls attention (“ Pacific IS I eel i cal and Surgical Journal/’ May, 
1872) to the effects of the fluid extract of the Eucalyptus. He 
states that he has “used some gallons of it during a period of 
eight months in the United States Marine Hospital, and was sur- 
prised at its uniform and reliable effects in affections for which it 
is suitable.” It is a diuretic of rare virtue, and may be adminis- 
tered when most of the diuretics now in common use are inadmis- 
sible. It is an aromatic tonic, and has notable restorative effects 
in low states of the system, as in typhoid fever, typhoid diarrhoea, 
and dysentery. 
In vesical catarrh it alone cures. In spasmodic stricture it re- 
lieves with great promptness. In all affections of the mucous mem- 
branes its beneficial action is remarkable. AVe have treated many 
cases of acute gonorrhoea with no other remedy. Per contra, in 
syphilis it is useless except as an alterative. 
It has no antiperiodic action. It relieves headache apparently 
as the saline diuretics do, by diuretic action. 
As an external application in chronic ulcers it has great value. 
It does not impair but rather improves the appetite. EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS—EUONYMUS ATROPUEPUEEUS. 
275 
Eucalyptus Leaves.—The Rev. M. J. Berkeley mentions in 
the “ Gardeners’ Chronicle,” on the authority of a letter received 
from Cannes, that Dr. Gimbert has introduced a new method of 
dressing wounds by using Eucalyptus leaves in the place of lint. 
The leaves, which have a “catty ”smell, are merely laid on the 
wounds. The balsamic nature of them not only cures, but after a 
few hours all the unpleasant odor of the matter ceases. 
EUONYMUS ATROPURPUREUS, 
This indigenous remedy—commonly known by the Indian 
name of Wahoo, and by the common name of Burning bush—has 
not been sufficiently studied. It has been exceedingly popular as 
a domestic remedy, and a nostrum called “ Wahoo Bitters” once 
had a high reputation for the cure of ague. Whether it possesses 
any antiperiodic power has never been accurately determined. I 
am inclined to class it with Chelone, Eupatorium perf., and others 
of a similar nature, whose specific virtues can only be known 
through careful provings. 
From the few pathogenetic symptoms which have come under 
my observation, I will predict its value in intermittent fever, at- 
tended, as is common in certain seasons, by exhausting diarrhoea. 
It is certainly homoeopathic to attacks of diarrhoea similar in char- 
acter to cholera morbus, for it causes violent, profuse evacuations, 
with excessive tormina, much flatus, cold sweats, prostration, 
deathlike nausea, and vomiting, with chills. (See Symptoma- 
tology.) 
Since the above was written some very interesting experiments 
have been made with Euonomin, the active principle of this drug. 
These experiments were made by some English physicians, and 
published in the “ British Medical Journal.” They decide that, 
Euonymin is a hepatic stimulant in man as it is in the dog. Two grains of it, 
made into a pill with confection of roses, and taken at night, seem to be as effi- 
cient a remedy as Iridin. If the dose be not too great it leaves no depression. 
As it is a feeble intestinal stimulant, it is well to follow it in the morning by a 276 
EUONYMUS ATROPURPUREUS. 
dose of Pullna water or other saline aperient. I have been much struck with the 
success of Euonymin in functional hepatic derangements in several persons who 
have tried nearly all the commonly used eholagogues with varying and limited 
success. I have no doubt that in consequence of our experiments Euonymin 
Avill come to be a universally employed hepatic stimulant. 
Dr. Paine, in his work on “ Concentrated Medicines,” written 
many years before the above experiments, says, that in a proving 
on himself, “half a drachm caused nausea, vomiting, purging, 
and bilious discharges from the bowels.” He pronounced it the 
best hepatic stimulant in use. 
Dr. Paine declares it will cure diseases of the bones by its gen- 
eral effects on the lime; that it arouses the action of the pancreas 
and increases the secretion of the gastric juice. 
I have used it extensively of late in hepatic derangements, giv- 
ing small doses (3X trituration) in excessive secretion of bile, and 
the 1* trituration in deficiency. 
Dr. Holcombe has read the above experiments to advantage, 
for he reports the following experience of Euonymin in albumi- 
nuria : 
Case I.—I made last winter a clinical discovery which promises to he one of 
considerable importance. I had been prescribing occasionally during the past 
year for a young gentleman afflicted with dyspepsia, chronic catarrh, and sick 
headaches. The latter symptom had become especially annoying, and one even- 
ing, while engaged in social converse, his head slightly aching, my patient fell 
into a violent and prolonged convulsion, followed by stupor and headache for 
some hours. The next day I analyzed his urine, and found it loaded with albu- 
men ; indeed the albuminous deposit occupied more than one-half the space 
which was at first occupied by the urine alone. I thus discovered that an insid- 
ious Bright’s disease was at the bottom of all his troubles. 
I treated him for three months with various remedies. ITelonias, Macrotin, 
Mercurius corros., Arsenicum, Gelsemium, Aurum, and the Phosphate of strych- 
nia, and Iron figured successively or alternately in the management of the case. 
He was sometimes better and sometimes worse, hardly ever free from headache, 
and the urine never absolutely clear of albumen. The severer the headache, the 
more heavily was the urine loaded with albumen. I could not see that my rem- 
edies had made any serious impression on the case, and I was very much dis- 
heartened. He was pale, amende, thinner in flesh, low-spirited, and I felt confident 
that unless more efficient remedies were given he would have more convulsions. 
About this time I happened to read in an allopathic journal of some experi- 
ments made upon dogs with Calomel, Podophyllin, and Euonymin, to ascertain 
their relative value as cholagogue purgatives. It was asserted that Euonymin EUONYMUS ATROPURPUREUS. 
277 
was far superior to the others for exciting a free flow of bile. Regarding dyspepsia 
and arrested or perverted hepatic function as morbid steps almost always prelim- 
inary to the development of Bright’s disease, I had determined to put my patient 
steadily for awhile on a liver remedy, and it occurred to me soon that I had dis- 
covered the right thing. I gave him two or three grains of the 1st cent, tritura- 
tion of Euonymin, three times a day. 
At the expiration of a week he reported himself as free from headache, and in 
every respect better. To my surprise, as well as delight, there was not a particle 
of albumen in his urine. Another week of the same treatment and the same 
favorable report was made. I gave him a placebo during the next week, and he 
came hack complaining of rheumatic pains all over. I gave him Macrotin, and 
on his next weekly visit he had severe headache, no appetite, nausea, and 
strongly albuminous urine. I returned to the Euonymin and the urine became 
normal in a few days. I continued the Euonymin steadily for two or three months, 
and the patient improved regularly. He fattened ten pounds, had very little 
headache or dyspepsia, and the urine continued perfectly free from albumen. As 
he had not made a satisfactory change of climate for many years, I advised him 
to visit Waukesha and drink moderately of the Bethesda water during the sum- 
mer. He has been there six weeks at the present writing (August), and reports 
himself in excellent condition. 
Case II.—Very soon after discovering that Euonymin caused the disappear- 
ance of albumen in the above case, I tried it upon another. A tall, very thin 
young gentleman had been visiting my office for more than a year, complaining 
of pains in the back and head. He was slightly dyspeptic and always low- 
spirited and despondent. His urine contained albumen in very small quantities 
at every analysis, and Strychnia was the only remedy I gave him which caused 
its disappearance for even a short time. I prescribed the Euonymin, and in a 
couple of weeks no albumen was to be found. Now, after four months, using it 
only occasionally, he has gained considerably in flesh, has no pains anywhere, 
and the urine is perfectly normal. 
The two above cases given are very suggestive, and although it 
would be premature to claim Euonymin as a great remedy for 
Bright’s disease, it is certainly one worth the earnest attention of 
the profession. I have frequently prescribed it successfully for 
pains in the back, loins, hepatic and splenic regions, of obscure 
origin, but very probably connected with kidney troubles not re- 
vealed by the exudation of albumen. 278 
EUPATORIUM AROMATICUM—EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 
EUPATORIUM AROMATICUM. 
The late Dr. B. L. Hill once recommended this plant as a spe- 
cific in aphthous stomatitis in women and children ; also for the 
burning in the stomach with “nursing sore mouth,” before and after 
confinement. 
A few physicians, acting on his recommendation, claim to have 
used it successfully. The eclectics speak highly of it as a nervine, 
classing it with Scutellaria and Cypripedium, alleging that it re- 
moves restlessness and morbid ivatchfulness, morbid irritability of 
the nervous system, tremors, jactitations, chorea and hysteria. 
ISTo provings have been made. When you meet with cases of 
aphthous disease, concomitant with nervous erethism, it will afford 
you good opportunity to test its value. It is used as a wash, as 
well as internally. 
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 
This plant, common to all parts of this country, grows in wet, 
marshy places, and seems to bear out the supposition of some med- 
ical writers, that certain plants are specially adapted to the treat- 
ment of the maladies which are prevalent in the localities inhab- 
ited by them. The Boncset—so called by the common people on 
account of its virtues in fevers characterized by severe aching pains, 
apparently in the bones—has been extensively used in this country, 
from its earliest settlement. 
Its sphere of action appears to include the gastro-hepatic system, 
the muscular or fibrous tissues, and the bronchial mucous mem- 
branes. Its congeners are Arnica, Baptisia, Bryonia, Ipecac., Mer- 
curius, Podophyllum, Phytolacca, and perhaps Chelidonium and 
Cimicifuga. 
Introduced into homoeopathy by such veterans as Jeanes, Neid- 
liard, and Williamson, it has been used for nearly the same dis- 
eases for which it was recommended byRafinesque fifty years ago, 
namely, intermittent and remittent fevers, petechial or spotted 
fevers, rheumatism, influenza, and diseases of the liver. EUPATOIilUM PERFOLIATUM. 
279 
In intermittent and remittent fevers it has always been a favorite 
remedy, and its characteristic indications are well marked, and 
may be briefly stated as follows: 
The chill is nearly always in the morning, and is preceded 
for several hours by thirst, soreness, and aching in the bones (ap- 
parently). The thirst continues during the chill and heat. The 
chill is attended by nausea, vomiting of bile, intense aching, and 
soreness in the flesh of the extremities, and often all over the 
body. These symptoms continue during the heat, especially the 
vomiting, which was often painful and incessant, so that nothing 
can be retained in the stomach. 
The heat is apt to be prolonged until evening or into the night, 
and may be followed or not by sweat (with chilliness). If no 
sweating occurs the apyrexia is short, and attended by chilliness, 
nausea, thirst, and debility, showing that the febrile action never 
altogether subsides, giving us a true type of 
Remittent fever—a fever in which the Boneset is often our best 
remedy, especially if occurring in the summer and autumn, and is 
attended by very severe bilious symptoms. This fever goes by 
the various names of “ bilious remittent,” “ gastric remittent/’ 
and even “ bilious rheumatic” fever. 
It matters not much what the epidemic is called, if you find 
the characteristics of the remedy—the “ aching in the bones,” the 
soreness of the muscles, the bilious vomiting, etc. — you will be 
successful in its use if you prescribe the lowest dilutions, or even 
the infusion of the plant, to be taken through the apyrexia and 
paroxysm. 
Cerebrospinal fever is said to have been cured by this remedy, 
but I doubt its value in cases when the cord or meninges are the 
seat of inflammation. You will meet with many cases of malarial 
fever, sometimes occurring epidemically, where the symptoms 
closely resemble true cerebro-spinal meningitis; but a close study 
of such cases will convince you that the similarity is only ap- 
parent. The vomiting, instead of being due to cerebral irritation, 
is of hepatic origin; the intense pain and soreness in the head, 
back, and all over the body is due to the action of malarial 
poison and not to spinal congestion. I do not deny, however, 280 
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 
that the poison of marsh-malaria may not cause actual cerebro- 
spinal irritation and congestion ; but what I want to impress upon 
your memory is this, that the cause of such symptoms must be 
taken into account. Although Eupatorium perf. causes symptoms 
very similar to cerebro-spinal fever, it will not cure them unless 
caused by marsh miasma. True epidemic “spotted fever” is a 
disease rarely sporadic, generally epidemic, and occurs usually in 
the winter or early spring, and requires such remedies as Secale, 
Cannabis indica, Calabar, Solanum, and Veratrum viride. 
Cerebro-spinal symptoms due to malaria occur at a time when 
agues abound, in the summer and autumn, and are best treated by 
Eupatorium perf., Eucalyptus, China (Quinia), and a few other 
medicines. 
A severe form of fever, generally epidemic, has been known on 
several occasions in our Western States, characterized by 'profuse 
perspiration, without mitigation of the heat, pain in the bones, and 
other sufferings. This “sweating fever” has been cured by ap- 
preciable doses of the tincture or infusion of this plant. 
Catarrhal fever, or epidemic influenza, when attended by the 
peculiar pains and other symptoms of Boneset, but having in ad- 
dition intense bronchial irritation with severe cough, has been 
treated successfully with it. 
In all these fevers, and even in the beginnings of typhoids, the 
Eupatorium is looked upon as a specific by the country people. 
They always give it in infusion, a small quantity of the leaves 
(5ij, or iv) in a quart of water. If there is no vomiting, it is 
given in a warm infusion, which causes vomiting, which is not 
considered a bad symptom when caused by the remedy. If much 
vomiting and gastric irritation is present it is given cold, when it 
allays and arrests it. 
When practicing in malarious districts, you will observe, as I 
often have, that the Boneset macerated in whiskey is generally 
recommended and used as a preventive of “ fever and ague.” I 
can testify from my own personal experience, that a few drops of 
the tincture, taken several times daily, is an excellent prophylactic 
to prevent the return of intennittents and bilious remittents. 
The headaches of Eupatorium are in keeping with the general EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 
281 
character of the medicine. They are such headaches as are caused 
by hepatic derangement. Some persons are subject to attacks 
which they call bilious sicJc-headaches, in which vomiting of bile 
constitutes the principal symptom. The headaches usually come 
on in the morning, preceded by thirst and chilliness; the pain is 
in the top and back part of the head. We usually give Nux and 
Bryonia in such cases, but you will often find this remedy cura- 
tive when the former fail. It has one kind of headache which is 
identical with that of Chelidonium, namely, “Pain in the occiput 
after lying, with sensation of great weight in that part, requiring 
the hands to lift it.” Bilious subjects often wake with this sensa- 
tion, and it is apt to be followed by a distressing headache all 
day. Either remedy will cure such headaches, but the Chelido- 
nium has more marked symptoms of jaundice than Eupatorium. 
Headache with pain and soreness in the eyeballs indicates this 
remedy. 
Congestion of the liver, with an oppressive feeling of soreness, 
fulness and tightness in the hepatic region, yellow tongue, cough, 
vomiting and purging of bile, indicates this remedy. Small 
doses will cure, because the above are primary symptoms of the 
drug. 
You may occasionally find it useful in ordinary bilious vomiting 
and diarrhoea of adults and children. In such cases, when closely 
indicated, the higher dilutions may act favorably. 
The catarrhal symptoms of Eupatorium are quite notable. It 
has cured “nocturnal loose cough,” “hoarse, rough cough with 
scraping in the bronchia,” “ violent cough with soreness in the 
chest,” “cough with flushed face and tearful eyes—the patient 
supports the chest with his hands,” “ coughs with soreness and 
heat in the bronchia,” etc. The cough resembles those of Phos- 
phorus, Bryonia, and Sticta. I would suggest its usefulness in 
those coughs called “ liver-coughs,” which undoubtedly owe their 
origin to derangement of that organ. Generally, however, the 
coughs of Eupatorium are connected with other symptoms indi- 
cating that remedy. 
It is said to have cured asthma and bronchitis with great dysp- 
noea, but I have never used it in such cases. 
Although Dr. Williamson recommends it in rheumatic, gouty, 
VOL. II.—19 282 
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM—EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM. 
and even dropsical affections, I doubt its adaptability to such con- 
ditions. 
Be careful to distinguish this medicine from another belonging 
to the same genus of plants, the Eupatorium purpureum, for the 
two are quite different in their action. 
EUPATOEIUM PURPUREUM. 
This species, commonly known under the name of u Queen of 
the Meadow/’ does not resemble the Eupatorium perfoliatum, ex- 
cept in its curative properties in intermittent fever. The symptoms 
indicating it in ague are: “Paroxysms at various times of the 
day; chills beginning in the small of the bach, spreading up and 
down the trunk and extremities ; lips and nails blue; violent shak- 
ing with comparatively little coldness; fever, with nausea and 
vomiting, followed by moisture not amounting to sweat, princi- 
pally about the head and forehead; any attempt to change posi- 
tion ever so little, during the sweat, a chilliness would pass 
through the body.” 
Many of these symptoms, you will observe, are similar to the 
Boneset. How the medicine happened to be used in ague I do not 
know. The symptoms are not found in the provings. It may 
have been by accident that its curative powers in ague were dis- 
covered. 
Its proper analogues are Apocynum cannabinum, Asclepias 
syriaca, Cannabis, Senecio, etc. 
Its sphere of action appears to include the urinary and genital 
organs, the muscular system, and the mind. 
The symptoms of the urinary organs are very important. It 
causes primarily very profuse urination, very frequent, with deep, 
dull pain in the kidneys; cutting pains in the kidneys; constant 
urging to urinate all day, with cutting, aching pain in the bladder. 
The urine was clear, limpid, and of low specific gravity. 
The secondary symptoms were scanty, but very frequent urin- 
ation, with very intense smarting and burning in the bladder and 
urethra. The urine was higher colored and of greater specific 
gravity. 
It has always had a great reputation among the people (who EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM. 
283 
call it gravel-root) as a remedy for painful affections of the urinary 
organs and dropsy. 
Eclectic physicians use it in irritable bladder, diabetes insipidus, 
incontinence of urine, and in calculous affections. The provings 
verify the trustworthiness of its reputation, and add another proof 
of the truth of the law of Similia. 
I have used it successfully in calcareous concretions in the blad- 
der and kidneys; in diabetes insipidus (it may prove useful in 
glycosuria); in dysuria, enuresis nocturna, and other conditions of 
irritation of the bladder from direct or reflex causes. In dropsy, 
it has been used quite successfully by many homoeopathic phy- 
sicians. The dropsy in which it will prove curative will be found, 
generally, to be a secondary condition, preceded by undue excita- 
tion of the kidneys, which after a time gives way to the opposite 
condition of torpor or passive congestion. In this respect it 
closely resembles Apoc. cann. 
It appears to have some specific action on the generative organs, 
but the precise nature of such action is not yet determined. 
It is claimed that it has cured impotency. Impotency is a fre- 
quent concomitant of diabetes, and the two conditions may jointly 
indicate this remedy. 
It is also claimed that Eupatorium purpureum is indicated in 
sterility, threatened miscarriage, habitual abortion, ovarian and 
uterine atony, inefficient labor-pains, amenorrhoea and dysmenor- 
rhoea, and as a general u uterine tonic.” I have not used it very 
extensively in uterine affections, but its similarity in effect to 
Cimicifuga, Helonias, Caulophyllum, and especially to Helonias, 
would make it advisable for you to try it when those remedies 
fail. 
Among its symptoms of the sensorium is a persistent sensation, 
“ as if falling to the left,” with a “ dizzy feeling all over.” It 
causes also a feeling of “ homesickness,” although the prover was 
in her own house. A general hysterical, low-spirited state was 
also present. 
The dose in diabetic affections or the nervous disorders should 
be in the third attenuation; while in dropsy, gravel, inflamma- 
tions and congestions of the urinary organs, and atonic conditions 284 
EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM—EUPHORBIA COROLLATA. 
of the organs of generation, lower dilutions may be used, and in 
some cases the infusion. 
EUPHORBIA COROLLATA. 
This is an indigenous species of Spurge, possessing properties 
similar to those of the Euphorbia officinalis of Europe. In our 
older Materia Medica you will find a very good pathogenesis of 
the latter, which will give you a good idea of the character of 
both. 
This indigenous specific is, however, much milder than the 
foreign. The juice of the latter will produce painful vesications 
on the skin and mucous membrane, while the former rarely if 
ever affects the skin as severely, even when the juice is applied 
topically. 
The sphere of action of Euphorbia is on the mucous membrane 
of the intestinal canal, which it affects in a manner similar to 
Croton tiglium, Elaterium, Jalapa, Helleborus niger, and Vera- 
trum album. 
Large doses of the root or its tincture produce great nausea, 
profuse vomiting, followed by diarrhoea of serous, watery fluid, 
with painful colic, great prostration, cold sweat, fainting, cramps, 
etc., affording us a good picture of such diseases as cholera, cholera 
morbus, cholera infantum, etc., in which diseases I have used it as 
successfully in many cases as I have its analogues. It acts well 
in such colliquative discharges when given in the 3X to 6* dilu- 
tions. 
So profuse are the watery evacuatious caused by this drug that 
the eclectics call it a “hydragogue cathartic,” and use it in dropsy 
to run off the serum through the bowels, just as Elaterium is 
used by the allopathic school, and in rare cases by our own 
school. 
I would recommend you to give it a trial in irritable stomach, 
profuse watery vomiting, colliquative diarrhoea in typhoids and of 
consumptives. 
The ultimate primary effects of Euphorbia, after the watery di- 
arrhoea has ended, is to cause mucous enteritis with tormina, mucous 
and bloody stools with tenesmus. In my second edition of “Kew 285 
EUPHORBIA HYPERICIFOLIA. 
Remedies” I suggested its use in dysentery when the symptoms 
corresponded, namely, when the dysenteric evacuations had been 
preceded by vomiting and diarrhoea similar to that caused by the 
drug. Since then several physicians have used it with good 
results in that variety of dysentery. Some epidemics of dysen- 
tery, both in adults and children, commence with attacks of 
cholera morbus or cholera infantum, and “ run into ” dysentery. 
Naturally enough it shows the inevitable influence of a natural 
law; we find that the eclectic physicians recommend it in “cholera 
infantum, diarrhoea, and dysentery.” They try to avoid the truth 
by asserting that it cures “by giving tone to the action of the 
secretory vessels.” How contemptible are such subterfuges! 
How much nobler would it be to admit the truth of the law of 
Similia ! 
I wish to call your attention to the similarity of the action of 
Spurge to some epidemics of summer diarrhoea, when previous to 
the attack the child or adult has an eruption of small watery vesi- 
cles with redness of the shin. It has been observed that if the erup- 
tion suddenly recedes, choleraic evacuations occur. Now this 
remedy may be quite homoeopathic to such cases, as is Croton 
tiglium. If the eruption had been like urticaria, Apis or Arseni- 
cum are indicated ; if papular, Pulsatilla or Dulcamara. 
I have found it beneficial in a few cases of gastritis, with burn- 
ing in the throat and stomach. 
It is also indicated in that peculiar form of gastro-enteric irritation, 
when the slightest cold or indiscretion in diet results in vomiting of 
water or food, diarrhoea of undigested matters and water, followed 
by bloating of the abdomen and constipation In the latter dis- 
order the remedy should be given persistently for several weeks, 
in order to effect a radical cure. 
Another species, the Euphorbium hypericifolia, has been used 
very successfully in epidemic dysentery when the discharges were 
very bloody. It has generally been given in weak infusions. I 
suggest that you give it a trial in the lower dilutions. 
EUPHORBIA HYPERIOIFOLIA. 
In Volume I of the fourth edition of “New Remedies” I men- 
tioned this indigenous medicine as a remedy for dysentery. I 286 
EUPHORBIA HYPERICIFOLIA. 
have had no experience with it, except in one instance, when I 
gave it in a bad case of infantile dysentery. It seemed to have a 
good effect, but as we have no symptoms to indicate it I did not 
feel like giving it a further trial. 
Dr. True has given us a few pathogenetic symptoms, which 
may throw some light on its action. He drank one and a half 
pints of an infusion, made by infusing half an ounce of the dried 
mature plant in a pint of water, and shortly after he says : 
I experienced a sensation of fulness in the frontal part of the head, and also through 
the lateral portions, with headache similar to that produced with Macrotys (Cimici- 
fuga), but not so severe. The pain seemed to centre at the crown of the head, but there 
was a feeling of heat above the eyes that was very characteristic. There was no 
ringing in the ears or vertigo, but the real symptoms were of that degree of posi- 
tiveness that it was with difficulty I could fix my mind on anything else but the head- 
ache. The maximum of the feeling was in about two hours after taking the med- 
icine, and it subsided in about three and one half hours, and was succeeded by a 
feeling of languor and drowsiness, which lasted several hours, but no sleep was pro- 
duced by it. While the head symptoms existed there was a feeling of unpleasant 
fulness and oppression at the epigastrium, and I was compelled to take physic the 
second day for the constipation it had caused. 
Dr. True states that this epigastric oppression was not due to the 
bulk of the infusion drunk, because lie got the same symptoms 
from two drachms of the tincture. He very correctly thinks the 
drug is a cerebral stimulant. He considers it “ secondarily seda- 
tive to the brain and sympathetic nervous system,” which may or 
may not be the case. It would seem that it causes congestion of the 
stomach and liver or portal system at the same time that it con- 
gests the brain. This congestion is not active like that of Bella- 
donna, but more like Cimicifuga or Chelidonium. It is evidently 
very different in its action from E. corollata or E. officinalis, for 
they are primarily active hydragogue cathartics. The primary 
effect of this specific seems to cause a torpid congestion, perhaps 
venous stasis of the abdominal viscera, with constipation. It is, 
probably, primarily indicated in dysentery, which has been pre- 
ceded by constipation; and, secondarily, for passive or chronic 
watery diarrhoea. 
Dr. True claims to have cured many cases of cholera infantum, 
but I should not dare to try it in acute cases for fear it might pre- EUPHORBIA HYPERICIEOLIA—FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM. 
287 
cipitate cerebral congestion, which it evidently did in one of Dr. 
True’s cases, which ended fatally. 
In the lower dilutions I predict it will prove a valuable remedy 
in actual or impending dysentery, with the symptoms I have itali- 
cized above in Dr. True’s proving. 
Dr. True incidentally mentions that this plant is a valuable 
remedy in gonorrhoea. He says : “ The tincture as an injection 
in gonorrhoea beats anything I ever saw.” He prescribes an in- 
jection of the tincture made with dilute alcohol, and orders it used 
“full strength.” He claims to cure the disease in a week! One 
wonders what would be the effect of using the dilute alcohol without 
the Euphorbia? Perhaps it would cure as quickly. The proper 
method of testing the virtues of this plant in gonorrhoea would be 
to order injections of the infusion. 
This plant evidently deserves further investigation, both by 
provings and cautious clinical experimentation. 
FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM. 
This medicine is prepared from the stems and seed-shells of the 
common Buckwheat. It has long been a popular belief that the 
eating of buckwheat cakes was a prolific cause of a definite erup- 
tion on the skin. It is supposed that in some way it sets up an 
irritation in the skin by changing the character of the blood. 
Many physicians coincide in this opinion, and it has been sug- 
gested by some practitioners of our school that the medicinal prin- 
ciple in this plant acted in the same manner as do the antipsorics, 
and that it would prove to be a remedy of that class. 
Provings have been recently made of the tincture in various 
potencies. They were first published in the “ Transactions of the 
American Institute/’ From these I have had compiled a resume, 
which you will find in the first volume. 
Many of the symptoms are certainly suggestive of some specific 
action, not only on the skin but on the mucous surfaces. I have 
not used it much in practice, but it is certainly indicated in inter- 
trigo, erythema, and some forms of eczema, in which you may find 
it curative. 288 
FERROCYANURET OF POTASSIUM. 
FERROCYANURET OF POTASSIUM. 
This compound salt is quite innocuous in comparison with the 
Cyanide of potash, with which you must be careful not to confound 
it. 
Its action has been but little studied in our school, while the 
eclectics have been using it largely for many years. It is a little 
singular that it can be given in doses of ten or fifteen grains sev- 
eral times a day without causing any poisonous effects, while the 
Cyanuret in doses of one-sixtieth of a grain will cause very 
unpleasant effects. It is said that the Ferrocyanuret is carried 
off so rapidly by the urine that the system does not absorb suffi- 
cient to cause deleterious effects. But this is not a good reason. 
We must look in some other direction for an explanation of this 
seeming anomaly. I think the Hydrocyanic acid forms, with the 
iron, a compound which resists disintegration to such an extent 
that only an infinitesimal quantity of the acid is liberated. 
The pathogenetic effects of large doses of the Ferrocyanuret, so 
far as observed, are “ giddiness, debility, non-fetid salivation, with 
ulceration of the mouth.” It lessens the force and rapidity of the 
heart’s action, and decreases the heat of the body. It is said to 
temporarily destroy all sexual desire and power. From these 
symptoms, and its effects in disease, we should place it as an ana- 
logue of the Bromides, Prunus, Laurocerasus, Lycopus, Digitalis, 
etc. 
It bids fair to become an important remedy, especially in dis- 
eases of the nervous system and the heart. 
Dr. Towne, in giving his experience with this remedy, says that 
he has used it with the greatest benefit in females, especially of en- 
feebled constitution, relaxed fibre, feeble digestion, sour stomach 
with flatulence, sleeplessness, and other symptoms attending such 
states of the system, such as pains in the head, stomach, bowels, 
back, etc. The pulse is feeble, irritable, easily excited, and seldom 
regular for any length of time ; the hands and feet more or less in- 
clined to be cold. 
This is just the class of cases in which we would naturally sup- 
pose it to be homoeopathic, as it doubtless is. 289 
FERROCYANURET OF POTASSIUM. 
It is said to be very useful for the sufferings due to excessive lac- 
tation. Such cases present symptoms much like those mentioned 
above. 
Headaches of a 'purely nervous character, depending on an im- 
poverished state of the blood, are greatly benefited by this medi- 
cine. 
“Cases of pure neuralgia,” says Dr. Towne, “not depending on 
decayed teeth or organic lesions, are usually promptly relieved by 
its use. That variety called sun-pain has been immediately cured 
in every case. I have had no cases of neuralgia which have given 
me any real trouble since I have used this preparation.” 
The same writer claims that it is almost specific in asthma. But 
all the Potash salts have some reputation in that disease. 
It has been praised in whooping-cough, epilepsy, chronic bron- 
chitis, nightsweats, and hypertrophy of the heart. 
Dr. Ray speaks highly of its virtues in hypertrophy, also in 
functional disorders of the heart. From among the many cases 
which he reports, I select the following characteristic symptoms 
which he removed by its use: palpitation, ringing in the ears, ver- 
tigo, intermittent pulse, waking with a sense of suffocation and dis- 
turbed sleep at night. (All were improved in the open air.) 
Some of his cardiac cases were organic, others purely functional 
in their nature. 
I will try and give you an idea of the symptoms and general 
pathological state for which this medicine is suitable. Taking 
into consideration the constituents of the drug, it is evident that 
the first general indication for its use is a depraved and impover- 
ished condition of the blood. 
Next in importance we must have a debilitated and irritable state 
of the nervous system, and finally, as a result of these two condi- 
tions, we shall find a weak and irritable heart. 
If you will remember the symptoms first mentioned, for which 
the eclectics have used it so successfully, you will recognize the fact 
that they all depend upon one or more, or all, of the above three 
general morbid states. 
My own experience with the remedy has been almost altogether 
in the direction of diseases of the heart. 
I have found it particularly useful in that condition known as 290 
FORMICA. 
chlorosis, where the heart is particularly enfeebled, the blood is 
in a watery condition, with an excess of white corpuscles, and 
a dropsical tendency impending. Such patients may be quite 
obese-looking, but it is obesity without plethora—a contrary con- 
dition. I imagine the apparent obesity is not from fat alone, but 
a condition of the cellular tissue simulating it. In these cases the 
heart beats very feebly and irregularly, fainting spells are frequent 
and distressing, dyspnoea is excited by the slightest exercise, and 
the kidneys are very torpid. 
In these conditions give the remedy in doses of five to ten 
grains of the lx every four hours, until improvement sets in. 
Larger doses may be used with benefit and safety, namely, as 
much as from two to five grains three times a day. 
In irritable heart it is fully equal to Lycopus or Collinsonia. 
It is especially indicated when the extremities are cold and the pa- 
tient is sensitive to cold air. All the functions of nervous life are 
enfeebled, and the symptoms are similar to those quoted from Dr. 
Towne. 
Fatty degeneration of the heart ought to be favorably affected 
by this medicine, but I would advise it to be given as high as the 
3X trituration. 
I would not prescribe it in hypertrophy of the heart with en- 
largement, for I do not consider it homoeopathic to that condition. 
If, however, with such hypertrophy you find great poverty of 
the blood and an exceedingly irritable state of the cardiac nerves, 
it might be used with advantage as a palliative. 
In hypertrophy with dilatation, it ought to prove an excellent 
remedy, for it possesses the power of imparting tone to the atten- 
uated and feeble muscular structure and quieting the irritable car- 
diac ganglia and the accelerator nerves of the heart. In these 
cases you can use it in appreciable doses (two to four grains every 
six hours). 
It is readily soluble in water, and a drachm can be dissolved in 
four ounces of Aqua gaultheria, and a teaspoonful or two pre- 
scribed as often as required by the exigencies of the case. 
FORMICA, 
This remedy, which should be called Formic acid, is a secretion FUCUS YESICULOSUS. 
291 
of several species of ants—particularly the Formica rufa. It is 
an acrid, irritating fluid, exuding from these insects when they are 
irritated or angry. It was introduced into practice by Dr. Hering, 
who has a penchant for unique and out-of-the-way remedies. He 
recommends it for the following affections: 
Affections of the spinal cord, spasms. 
Rheumatism, appearing suddenly, mostly in the joints, with rest- 
lessness ; the patients desire motion, although it makes the pains 
more acute; pressure relieves the pain; there is sweat without 
amelioration. 
Ophthalmia, rheumatic, and its sequelae. Deafness, and other 
diseases of the ear. Lack of milk in nursing women. Seminal 
emissions. 
The predominant time of day is from 2 to 4 p.m. 
Consequences of cold and wet, cold baths, or damp weather. 
It often helped when Chamomilla only ameliorates, and when 
Belladonna did not agree. 
The analogues of Formica are Apis, Rhus, Urtica, Dulcamara, 
and Croton. 
I have never used it, and think you will find other remedies 
more useful. 
It ought to be useful in nettlerash, for Chloral hydrate, which 
contains Formic acid, causes and cures urticaria. 
The sting of the agricultural ant of Texas causes quite painful 
symptoms. A nervous, chilling thrill, painful and disagreeable, 
passes rapidly all over the body from the point where the sting 
penetrated. A feeling like alarm and horror accompanies this 
sensation. 
FUCUS YESICULOSUS. 
We are often urgently solicited by unfortunate patients, the 
victims of abnormal obesity, for some remedy that will rid them 
of their superabundance of fat. If we do not prescribe something 
they lose faith in our medical skill, and seek elsewhere for reme- 
dies which may do them irreparable injury. 
The Fucus, or Seawrack, while it is comparatively harmless, 
seems to be a potent remedy for removing abnormal adiposis. Its 292 
FUCUS VESICULOSUS. 
use should, however, be aided by proper diet, such as abstinence 
from fats, sugar, and alcohol in any form. This drug was first 
brought to the notice of the profession by a French physician, 
M. Duchesne, who thus writes of it: 
“ This seaweed is perennial, with the frond or leaf flat, smooth, and glossy, from 
one to four feet long, from half an inch to an inch and a half broad, furnished 
with a midrib throughout its length, dichotomous, entire upon the margin, and 
of a dark olive-green color. Small spherical vesicles, filled with air, are immersed 
in the frond near the midrib. The air in these vesicles has not the exact compo- 
sition of atmospheric, consisting, according to the analysis of M. Ernest Beaudri- 
mont, in one instance, of 28.3 per cent, of oxygen, and 71.6 of nitrogen; in an- 
other, 26.5 of the former, and 73.5 of the latter. (‘ Journ. de Pharm.,’ 4e ser., 
ii, 449.) The fruit consists of roundish, compressed receptacles at the ends of 
the branches, filled with a clear, tasteless mucus. The plant grows upon the shores 
of Europe and of this continent, attaching itself to the rock by its expanded 
woody root. On the coasts of Scotland and France it is much used in the prepa- 
ration of kelp. It contains much Soda in saline combination, and Iodine, accord- 
ing to Gaultier de Claubry, in the state of Iodide of potassium. These ingre- 
dients remain in its ashes, and in the charcoal resulting from its exposure to heat 
in close vessels.” 
The charcoal, which is sometimes called JEthiops vegetabilis, or Vegetable ethiops, 
has long had the reputation of a deobstruent, and has been given in goitre and 
scrofulous swellings. Its virtues were formerly ascribed chiefly to Carbonate of 
soda, in which it abounds, but since the discovery of the medical properties of 
Iodine this has been considered as its most active ingredient. The mucus con- 
tained in the vesicles was applied externally, with advantage, by Dr. Bussell as 
a resolvent in scrofulous tumors. M. Duchesne Duparc having given a trial to 
this Fucus in inveterate psoriasis, in which it had considerable reputation as a 
remedy, found it of little value; but he observed an unexpected effect, that of 
diminishing fat without in other respects injuring the health, and was thus induced to 
try it as a remedy for morbid obesity. His anticipations of its efficacy in this 
affection were not disappointed. He employs the whole plant, either in substance 
or in the form of pill, in decoction, or in extract. It is not till two or three 
weeks after beginning with the remedy that its effects in diminishing the obesity 
begin to be perceived, and one of the first signs of its favorable action in this 
respect is the increase of the urine, and the appearance of a black pellicle on its 
surface. Dr. Godsfrey tried the experiment on himself with satisfactory results, 
confirming the statements of M. Duchesne.—(“Jour, de Pharm.,” Juillet, 1862, 
p. 65.) 
As civilization advances, with all its gigantic improvements, mankind deterio- 
rate. Non-vital temperaments predominate. One of the essential elements of 
deterioration is obesity or corpulence, an ingredient of a lymphatic habit; heredi- 
tary tendency, overeating, want of proper exercise, sedentary habits, inattention 
to the secretions and bathing, overstimulation, drinking, carbonaceous food, lazi- 
ness, absence of sunlight, are productive of it. The true condition is the excess FUCUS VESICULOSUS. 
293 
of fat; a non-vital element, not a usurpation of the normal structure by adipose 
tissue, but an excessive secretion of fat. Restricted diet to non-carbonaceous 
elements ; no excess of fluids ; exercise ; bathing; sunlight; no alcohol, as that 
retards the elimination of carbon ; indeed, all hydrocarbons should be avoided. 
A physician, writing of its action, in “ New Preparations,” says : 
About fifteen months ago I commenced experimenting with Fluid extract Fucus 
vesiculosus. I promised at that time that when I had concluded my experiments 
with the medicine I would inform you in regard to the results. The first case 
upon whom I used it is the most important and interesting in its results on ac- 
count of the condition in which I found the patient at first, and the almost 
magical manner in which the medicine acted. I will therefore give a tolerably 
complete history of the case : 
Mrs. W., set. thirty-eight years, married for several years, but never bore any 
children, always aborting about the second or third month. She was very corpu- 
lent, weighing about three hundred pounds. Her menstrual function was very 
irregular, and she was at times affected with amenorrhnea, and at times with dys- 
menorrhcea. When she had the latter, the pain was in the beginning of her 
nolimen menstruate almost unbearable. She was also the subject of severe attacks 
of palpitation of the heart and great dyspnoea, coming simultaneously, and last- 
ing for from a half to one hour, and these attacks were of almost weekly occur- 
rence. She had been treated by different physicians for these difficulties, but 
with only temporary relief. It was for these troubles that she called upon me to 
relieve her. After examining her thoroughly and finding no organic disease, 
either of the lungs or heart, I arrived at the conclusion that the plethora and 
excessive obesity produced all of her sufferings; therefore, acting under the in- 
fluence of this belief, I requested her to allow me to prescribe a course of treat- 
ment designed to diminish her corpulence and plethora, to which she reluctantly 
consented, and I ordered a bottle of Fluid extract of fucus vesiculosis, as I had 
seen it recommended in your periodical, “ New Preparations,” and other works 
on therapeutics. 
When the medicine arrived I prescribed it at first in teaspoonful-doses, thrice 
daily, before meals, gradually increasing to a tablespoonful; and, finally, after 
taking three bottles, to two tablespoonfuls. At the same time I prescribed a 
course of dieting, which consisted in excluding from the food as nearly as possi- 
ble all starchy and saccharine articles, but allowing as much as wanted of all 
other articles, such as fruits and vegetables, except potatoes and rice; meats of 
any kind, except pork. Of this liberal diet I allowed her to eat all her appetite 
craved; and, right here, I wish to say, that the happy result of the treatment 
was, in a great measure, due to the faithful manner in which she carried out my 
prescriptions, both in regard to the dietary and medicine, for, from the very first 
day of the treatment, she never missed a dose of medicine or ate a mouthful of 
“ forbidden fruit.” 
After she had taken the first bottle her menstrual function was greatly improved, 
the palpitation had nearly disappeared, and she had diminished in flesh so that 
the most casual observer could notice it. In all she has taken twelve pound-bot- 294 
FUCUS VESICULOSUS. 
ties of the medicine, and to-day she claims to be perfectly healthy in every re- 
spect. Her menstrual function is completely and permanently restored, coming on 
at the regular time and continuing the natural time, and passing off without 
hardly a pain. The palpitation of the heart from which she used to suffer so 
much lias entirely disappeared, never having the least symptom of it since taking 
the second bottle of medicine; and in embonpoint she has diminished wonderfully, 
weighing at present only one hundred and ninety pounds. This does not hardly 
seem reasonable, yet it is as true as it is that I am writing about it. I am re- 
quested to withhold her name, but if any person wishes to correspond with her 
they can have her address by applying to me and inclosing a three-cent stamp for 
reply. To use her own words, Mrs. W. says: “ I feel better than I have for years 
in every respect, and I have not had a pain or an uncomfortable feeling hardly 
worth mentioning since beginning the use of the medicine.” 
Now some persons may ask the question whether it was the Fucus vesicu- 
losus or the strict attention to dieting that accomplished the result. Indeed, I 
asked myself this question while treating the case, and not wishing to be misled 
in regard to the effects of the medicine, I determined to ascertain, if possible, a 
true solution of the question. I therefore discontinued the medicine for awhile, 
still allowing her to continue the dietary as usual, when the unfavorable symp- 
toms began to return; but, as soon as the medicine was resorted to again, she 
commenced to rapidly improve; then I discontinued the dietary, still allowing 
her to take the medicine as usual, but could notice but little change, except that 
she did not seem to improve quite so rapidly as when using the two in conjunc- 
tion. 
I therefore conclude that the medicine is the facile princeps, or the chief agent 
in accomplishing the results above mentioned, although the dietary is a valuable 
auxiliary in the treatment. 
Since using the medicine upon this case, I have used it upon others with equally 
certain results, but none with such rapid action. 
In conclusion I will say that for reducing corpulency there is no better or more 
certain agent known to the profession. It is perfectly harmless, and on the other 
hand seems to invigorate the system in general to a healthy action, regulating the 
assimilation of the food, and thus overcoming the excessive accumulation of adi- 
pose. It is said also to increase the amount of fat, where the system seems to be 
abnormally deficient. In fact it seems to act by regulating the function of assim- 
ilation to a healthy condition, and thus bringing the system to a natural and 
healthy condition. 
Again, when there is a functional derangement of the menstrual function de- 
pendent upon some fault of nutrition, or from plethora or excessive obesity, the 
medicine seems to control the disorder with great facility. In fact, any disorder 
resulting from faulty nutrition, it seems to me, that if I am right in regard to the 
action of the medicine, it will be a valuable agent in controlling, e. g., tuberculo- 
sis, etc. 
Subjoined is the mode in which Fucus vesiculosus is employed 
by M. Duchesne Du pare, who was the first to extol it as a means 
of counteracting obesity. He says: FUCUS VESICULOSUS. 
295 
This remedy is best taken in the morning, fasting. Its use requires no change 
in the ordinary diet; I have always allowed persons to eat according to their de- 
sire ; and apart from too much farinaceous food, beer, prolonged baths, and a 
too sedentary life, which is always necessary to avoid, I never impose serious 
privations. 
The action of the Fucus on the system is very easily proved. After using it 
some time the patient feels lighter and more active, the stomach acts with more 
rapidity, and the hour of repast is more impatiently looked for. Flatulency di- 
minishes and then disappears with those who have habitually been accustomed 
to it. The act of digestion is no longer accompanied by flushings of the face, by 
fulness and weight in the epigastric region, and flashes of heat toward the head. 
It is not till after two or three weeks that we begin to observe special and 
characteristic phenomena; then the urine of those under its influence becomes 
generally more abundant, and begins to present on its surface a coating, or black 
film. It is from this period that the resolvent properties are manifested, and the 
first intimation of becoming thinner are displayed. This result, which some look 
forward to with much impatience, is every day more decided, and, although va- 
riable in degree, has never yet failed. 
These different phenomena show us then in the Fucus vesiculosus a real stimu- 
lant of the absorbent system, concentrating principally its actions on the fatty 
globules. The thinness which it determines is not always produced in a uniform 
manner. I have seen it limited to certain isolated parts, which are then almost 
always those where the fatty tissue accumulates in the greatest abundance. Thus, 
with one it is the chest, with another the abdomen, and with the third the nape 
of the neck and the upper part of the shoulders. 
But the destruction of fatty matter is not all that the resolving properties of 
the Fucus vesiculosus is capable of accomplishing; for many observations seem 
to prove that the same properties may become useful in certain other diseases, 
such as cutaneous infiltration, passive dropsy, atonic gout, etc. 
There is one point to be mentioned which relates to the choice of the Fucus 
which is of great importance. We know that the Fucus vesiculosus belongs to a 
family which contains hundreds of species; that many of these are almost inac- 
tive, and the greater number of the others perfectly useless as remedial agents; 
hence it is absolutely necessary not to lose sight of the botanical characters of the 
true Fucus vesiculosus. The neglect of this has given rise to daily deceptions, and 
I have seen many persons from this cause lose their time in prolonged and use- 
less experiments. It was thus also that a patient complained of having taken 
for three months, without any result, large quantities of Fucus which I had pre- 
scribed for him, and, which upon being brought to me, I found to be common sea- 
weed. I am not ignorant of the ditficulty which is experienced even in Paris in 
procuring the true Fucus vesiculosus ; because I have had repeatedly offered to 
me, under that name, by justly celebrated houses, Fucus nodosus, which is far 
from possessing the same activity. It may be added that Fucus nodosus is fre- 
quently sold in this country for Fucus vesiculosus; and that the same care is 
necessary here for the discrimination between the true Fucus vesiculosus and the 
various “seaweeds” and “gulfweeds” which are offered for sale. 296 
FUCUS VESICULOSUS. 
Dr. Griffiths, in a pamphlet entitled “How to get Lean,” writes : 
Since practicing medicine in the State of Delaware I have discovered a species 
of seaweed, or sea wrack, as it is commonly called here (Fucus vesiculosus; 
common names, sea wrack, bladder-wrack, etc.), that possesses the peculiar prop- 
erties of diminishing the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the human 
system without otherwise injuring the general health. An infusion is made from 
the weed by using one ounce, or a small handful, to a pint and a half of boiling 
water allowed to draw in a covered vessel. Cool, strain, etc. The dose is a small 
teacupful three times per day, but no particular nicety need be paid in regard to 
dose or quality. Drank ad libitum, it will reduce a burdensome deformity and 
at the same time ameliorate the general state, which may have been the primary 
source of the development of the adipose tissue. My attention was attracted to 
it by finding a patient who had been drinking of the infusion with the expecta- 
tion that it would cure an inveterate form of psoriasis, a form of skin disease, as 
it has a popular reputation as a specific for that affection. He informed me that 
it had done him no good, but found that it diminished his fat quite considerably. 
I immediately took the hint, and secured a quantity of it myself, and commenced 
drinking an infusion of it; and, taking little or no other drinks, in the course of 
a few weeks my burdensome form grew “ small by degrees and beautifully less,” 
much to my satisfaction. I had ransacked the whole medical literary curricu- 
lum for a remedy that would do this without injuring the stomach and producing 
a worse disease than the one it was given for, but failed to find it. Knowing 
with Avhat anxiety the corpulent look upon their deformity, and how anxious 
they are for relief, I am anxious that the public should know of this harmless 
remedy. I administered it to three of my corpulent neighbors, with the follow- 
ing results: 
In neither of the cases was it administered with any regard to regularity. In 
one case the loss was from twelve to fifteen pounds in about two months; in 
another the diminution in weight was thirty pounds in three months; in the third 
there was decided relief from the discomfort under which the patient labored, 
but as no attention was paid in regard to weight, etc., the record was not com- 
plete. 
Great care should be taken in collecting, as there are many varieties of sea- 
weed, and it is easily confounded with other marine plants, which are entirely 
inert, so far as the peculiar efficacy is concerned in removing obesity. 
Within the last few years many individuals, whom nature or their habits have 
endowed with an uncomfortable burden of polysarcia or pinguitude, have care- 
fully endeavored to follow the rules of diet and habits prescribed by Banting in 
his work on corpulency, and a great portion of these, after months of sacrifice of 
the pleasures of gastronomy, have abandoned the task, with the verdict, “ Hum- 
bug J” But if those afflicted with embonpoint excessif will use the infusion of gulf- 
weed, as suggested, they may arrive at the desired degree of attenuation. I can 
assure them that it will absorb fat with greater certainty than any other remedy 
known. It seems to act by the absorption of the adipose tissue, and modifies or 
lessens the secretions from the oily sudoriferous glands. 
“ The above article was published in the ‘ Baltimore American ’ over a year FUCUS VESICULOSUS. 
297 
ago, and extracts from it were pretty generally published by the papers through- 
out the country. I received hundreds of letters making inquiry for the seaweed, 
price, the source from which a supply could be obtained, etc. There was but a 
small quantity of it in the market at that time. I had a small quantity of the fresh 
weed gathered at considerable expense. The weed was bulky and inconvenient 
for shipping, and the domestic form of the infusion was troublesome to prepare, 
and not an eligible form of administration. I, therefore, had manufactured a 
compound fluid extract, containing all the properties of the weed in a concen- 
trated form, with the addition of the other drugs known to be efficacious. To 
many of the applicants I sent the weed, and more preferring the fluid extract 
prepared by myself, it being a more convenient form of administration. I have 
received numerous letters confirming all we have claimed for it. Some few have 
stated that they received no benefit, or could not faithfully follow the directions. 
In most of the cases I have suggested a system of dieting in accordance with my 
ideas of the cause of corpulence, presented elsewhere. We have but few, if any, 
specifics in medicine; it is hardly expected that we should, owing to the diversity 
of constitutions, diseases, etc. We have no medicine applicable to all cases. 
That it is a specific, I do not claim. But that it will prove beneficial in a very 
large number of cases, I have not the least doubt, if the rules of dieting sug- 
gested are faithfully followed, and the fluid drank is reduced to the least possible 
amount consistent with comfort.—‘ Corpulence, or How to get Lean.’ Dr. Griffith 
in ‘New Preparations.’ ” 
Dr. Leonard, commenting on the above, says: 
“ There is much testimony of Fucus vesiculosus being a positive fat reducer; then, 
too, there is some testimony, decidedly in the minority, however, that goes to show 
that Fucus is really a fat producer. (Vide ‘ New Preparations,’ page 23, July, 1877.) 
Flere are two extremes to be harmonized ; how is it to be done? It is our opinion 
(we do not assert it to be a fact, mind) that the proper cases are not selected in 
these cases of reported failures. From our study of the drug we do not believe 
Fucus to be a reducer of the adipose tissue of healthy subjects. It is mostly on 
those cold, torpid individuals, with a cold, clammy skin, loose and flabhy rolls of 
fat, pendulous belly, etc., that Fucus will display its powers to the best advantage. 
In this class of cases everything about them is apathetic; fat, to them, is a mor- 
bid condition, a result of vitiated function. In this class of cases the remedy 
acts beneficially by overcoming this torpid and morbid tendency, thus reducing 
the size by toning up the vascular and sympathetic system. This, we say, is our 
belief of what the action of the remedy is. Possibly it also acts upon the starchy 
matters of the food in some manner so as to prevent their easy change into fat 
when introduced into the human economy.” 
Of course, then, if a person is perfectly healthy, the flesh solid and firm, the 
fat not in rolls or flabhy, the primce vice in good order, the action of Fucus, if it 
be possessed of this peculiar tonic principle we have attributed to it, would 
YOL. II.—20 298 
FUCUS VESICULOSUS. 
necessarily go to building up the tissues of the body rather than to the destruc- 
tion of them. Still, in spite of this, we had a young man, apparently of excellent 
health, flesh firm and muscles hard, grow thin on the use of the remedy. He 
was, however, exceedingly large, weighing over three hundred pounds, the bony 
framework of his body being quite short. 
Another gentleman of our acquaintance, a doctor, whose weight is about three 
hundred pounds, has been taking the remedy—he belongs to our class of healthy, 
active, large men—with the result of overcoming a chronic constipation, or 
lethargy of the liver and bowels, but with no effect on the diminution of his 
weight. He says, however, that he feels lighter in spirits anyway, if not in 
bodily flesh. He has given the remedy in other cases of chronic constipation or 
intestinal lethargy, and with the same favorable results. In this respect he 
thinks the remedy a valuable one. 
This, in fine, is the sum of the testimony upon the drug, as reported to us. It 
is altogether too new yet to allow one to define its action very minutely, or to 
assign the cases that it will benefit; it is yet in the school of empiricism. Still, 
in the class of torpid, unhealthy fat-producers, as above described, we believe it 
will be of benefit. 
A. F. Pattee, M.D., in the “ Druggists’ Circular/’ says: 
The great bank of gulf-weed, which extends, at the westward of the Azores, 
from the 20th degree to the 36th degree of north latitude, still occupies the same 
position it did in the time of the earliest navigators, and between this and Euro- 
pean shores are various detached tracts in ridges from ten to twenty yards.wide 
and of indefinite length. 
In this situation it continues to grow luxuriantly, and appears to multiply 
itself by offsets, at first accidentally broken off, and immediately establishing 
themselves as independent plants. 
The gulf-weed that is now sold is the Fucus vesiculosus and nodusus. The 
common names are Twin-bladder, Fucus, Bladder-weed, Bladder-wrack, Bock- 
weed, Shore-weed, Seaweed. 
Habitat.—Along the seashore, on rocks and stones left exposed at low water; 
also on artificial piers and quays, in estuaries extending up rivers. As long as 
the water remains sensibly brackish, it can be found, both summer and winter, 
in great abundance. It requires no particular care in gathering, as all species 
of the Fucus have similar properties. 
I have used it since 1860, and can say that I have seen several cases of morbid 
obesity cured by drinking freely of a tea made from this plant. I consider a 
decoction of the weed the most eligible form in which it can be given. 
The plant is equally as beneficial for lean people to use to make them fat and plump. 
It changes the unknown morbid condition that exists in either case to a healthy 
state. I have used it in the following diseases with apparently good results: 
Chronic cystitis, irritable bladder, debility, chronic diarrhoea, dyspepsia, enlarged 
glands, mal-nutrition, etc. 
It is also largely used in the manufacture of kelp and iodine. It furnishes a 
good food for cattle. GALLIC ACID. 
299 
GALLIC ACID. 
This substance forms six per cent, of the astringent principle of 
nut-galls. 
The first notice of the remedy appeared in the “ New Materia 
Medica,” published as an appendix to the North American Journal, 
by Drs. Marcy and Peters, No proving appeared until 1872, 
when a brief one was published in the “ American Observer,” com- 
municated by Dr. Kimball, and it will be found in Vol. I of 
this work (Symptomatology). 
By referring to my lecture on Geranium, you will find my ex- 
planation of the homoeopathic action of “ astringents.” 
In common with all that class, its primary action is to cause 
contraction of all the tissues with which it comes in contact. As 
it is absorbed into the blood, it may reach any tissue of the body 
if it is taken in large quantities for a sufficient length of time. It 
is said to be much less powerful than Tannic acid, but we are 
informed that Tannic is almost wholly changed to Gallic acid in 
the body; it follows that as a remedial agent the Gallic acid 
answers for both. 
Gallic acid is eliminated from the body by the kidneys. We 
should naturally expect, then, that in diseases of the urinary 
organs this medicine would prove curative, if anywhere. 
The clinical experience which I have been able to collect 
from both schools, together with my own use of it, confirms this 
idea. 
In hcematuria, especially of the non-inflammatory variety, it 
has been highly praised by Dr. Garrod, an eminent allopathist, 
author of a work on “ Diseases of the Kidneys,” and by our Dr. 
Marcy. 
The haemorrhages of the kidneys in which it is most useful are 
those which occur after scarlatina, in Bright's disease, and after 
injuries to those organs. I have used it myself with decided ad- 
vantage in many cases in which Millefoil, Turpentine, Hamamelis, 
and similar remedies failed. Dr. Garrod gave three grains three 
or four times a day; but I have had good effects from grain doses 
of the first decimal trituration. 300 
GALLIC ACID. 
In albuminuria, after the inflammatory stage has passed, it has 
been known to change the urine to a healthy standard. 
You must bear in mind that it is secondarily homoeopathic to 
these affections. If I should prescribe it in active haemorrhage 
from active congestion, or albuminuria from the same cause, I 
would prescribe it in the 6th or 12th, and probably in alternation 
with Cantharis 6th or 12th. 
A number of excellent cures of nephritic maladies are reported 
by the late Dr. Redman Coxe, of Philadelphia. He employed 
it in the lx trit. 
Dr. Marcy says : “ In many cases of chronic nephritis, one-grain 
doses of the first trituration, repeated every three or four hours, 
has effected prompt cures. It removes pain from subacute ne- 
phritis more speedily than any remedy we have ever employed.” 
In certain cases of pyrosis, when every other remedy has been 
tried ineffectually, it has been known to cure. “It not only 
checks the secretion with certainty and rapidity, but it gives gen- 
eral tone to the stomach, increases the appetite, and even removes 
constipation in many cases.” Its power to cure constipation is due 
to its primary action. The small quantity not eliminated by the 
kidneys acts dynamically upon the intestines, and performs a veri- 
table primary homoeopathic cure. Even Tannic acid will cure 
constipation, according to Dr. J. G. Wilkinson, of London. 
Gallic acid has been recommended for haemorrhages of other 
organs, but I doubt its efficacy. We have so many specific haemor- 
rhagic remedies that we need not resort to this. 
Dr. Marcy quotes many authorities in favor of its power in 
checking colliquative perspirations. He gives his own experience 
with it in cases of advanced phthisis with copious expectoration of 
purulent matter, profuse nightsweats, diarrhoea, and other hectic 
symptoms, and alleges that in some cases remarkable palliative 
effects resulted from its use in the first trituration. It seems to 
check the disease for a time, and even prolong life and give com- 
fort, when there is no hope of a cure. 
I once had a case of disease of the prostate, probably ulceration, 
in which profuse haemorrhages appeared very often. The only 
remedy which appeared to have the power of checking it was 
Gallic acid in the 1* trituration. GALIUM APARINE. 
301 
GALIUM APARIUE, 
The members of the genus Galium are called “clivers ” in this 
country, and “goose-grass ” in Europe. This species is found in 
the woods, a trailing, rough plant, with white lateral flowers, rough 
seeds, leaves eight in a whorl. 
There are a dozen or more species in the genus, some with 
leaves six in a whorl, others have only four. Some have flowers 
yellow, others a dull purple. Not all have identical medicinal 
properties, for some contain glycyrrhiza sugar, and others a color- 
ing agent like madder. They belong to the Madder family. 
Clivers has been very extensively used in domestic and “ bo- 
tanic” practice, and it appears to possess some remedial virtues 
which render it worthy a place in our Materia Medica. We have 
no provings of it, but the clinical experience obtained is worth 
something. 
The eclectics have a good deal of confidence in Galium in cal- 
culi of the bladder or kidneys. They allege that it possesses “a 
solvent power over the stone, causing it to crumble into a sandy 
mass, so that it can be discharged.” 
They assert that if used in large quantities it causes constant 
chilliness, ‘‘owing to its cooling properties,” and that it is, there- 
fore, “ contraindicated in passive and atonic states of the bladder 
and kidneys.” 
It is said that an analysis of the plant shows it to contain 
Citric and Tannic acids. 
In the second edition of my “ New Remedies ” I made the fol- 
lowing observations on the use of Galium. They are so appro- 
priate that I quote them now instead of attempting to offer any 
new remarks: 
While engaged in an extensive country practice, I often observed 
that the cold infusion was drank freely by fever patients, especially 
if scalding or burning during midturition was complained of. At 
first I disliked to have them use it in connection with homoeo- 
pathic remedies, but I found its use so general, and the idea of its 
mild curative powers so engrafted into the minds of the people, 302 
GALIUM APARINE. 
that it was a difficult matter to proscribe it. I have never noticed 
that its use interfered in any way with the action of homoeopathic 
medicines. In order to test in a practical manner its alleged use- 
fulness in urinary affections, I have often selected cases of simple 
dysuria, strangury, suppression, etc., depending on uterine irrita- 
tion, or a cold, and prescribed the cold infusion in alternation with 
blank powders or pellets. In this way I have gained some correct 
ideas of its sphere of action. It seemed to me particularly useful 
in the dysuria and suppression of urine in young children from 
colds, or when attended with aphthae, or what might be called 
a scorbutic state of the system; also, in the strangury of women 
from uterine diseases, haemorrhoids, or irritable bladder. It seemed 
to be useful in the strangury and scanty urine in rheumatic fever 
and in the irritable bladder (from prostatic disease) of old men. 
The late Dr. Kendall, a homoeopathic physician, reports to me 
two cases which show clearly its curative action : 
(1.) A young child had been troubled with painful dysuria for 
several days. Every attempt at urination was accompanied with 
cries and screams. A weak infusion of Galium 3d was given, 
and in less than one hour the child urinated profusely, without 
pain. 
(2.) An old man had been troubled for months with intensely 
painful dysuria, frequent ineffectual urging, scanty discharge, etc. 
He was directed to drink a pint a day of a cold infusion. In a few 
days he reported himself cured. 
Several similar cases have been reported to me by physicians 
and lay members of the school. I think the G. asprellum is the 
tincture generally used, as the G. aparine does not grow so abun- 
dantly in the West. 
Officinal Preparation.—In general practice, the cold or warm infu- 
sion is usually used. All writers agree that this is the most eligible 
method, because heat destroys or dissipates the medicinal virtues 
of the plant. The herb (the root is not used) should be placed in 
cold or tepid water and allowed to stand for two hours. Three or 
four ounces to one quart of water is the usual proportions. It is 
sometimes sweetened. The expressed juice has been used, accord- 
ing to Wood, three ounces twice a day. King advises the inspis- 303 
GALIUM APARINE. 
sated juice, one or two drachms, three times a day. I do not know 
if alcohol injures its medicinal qualities, but it is probable, as al- 
cohol acts on some vegetable juices much in the same manner as 
heat; if not, an equal or one-fourth part of alcohol might be added 
to the expressed juice to form a mother tincture. I would, how- 
ever, advise the following method of preparing this remedy for 
homoeopathic use in cases where the infusion was not acceptable, 
or when the physician could not rid himself of antiquated preju- 
dices sufficiently to use it. Mix together equal quantities, by weight, 
of the cold expressed juice and sugar of milk; triturate until the 
mass is perfectly dry. It may then be put up in close bottles. 
Dose.—1 am aware that I am treading upon disputed ground 
when I advise the use of infusions of vegetable remedies. But if 
it is better for our patients to use such a preparation, we should 
not hesitate. Moreover, do we not advise cold infusions of Ul- 
mus fulva, Flaxseed, Althaea, all of which are mild medicinal 
substances. Hahnemann, in the early part of his homoeopathic 
practice, used infusions, and he distinctly advises the use of infu- 
sions of plants of small medicinal power, when we desire to prove 
such plants. (See “ Lesser Writings.”) Iam aware that some 
physicians would prefer to prove even this medicine in the atten- 
uations. In this way “itching of the elbows and nose,” “draw- 
ing in the fingers,” “slight vertigo after smoking the sixth pipe,” 
or even “ unpleasant dreams while lying on the back,” might be 
noticed, but nothing which could show us the real sphere of action 
of the remedy. I do not deny that certain potent or inert drugs 
may be proven in attenuated quantities, but remedies similar to 
the Galium cannot. He who would prove this plant, should, 
without altering his mode of life, drink a wineglass of the ordi- 
nary infusion, four or six times daily, for a week or more. 
In disease, I would advise the cold infusion in the complaints 
enumerated above, in which it has been found useful. It may be 
taken in tablespoonful doses, every one, two, or three hours; or the 
powders, prepared as above, may be prescribed in doses of five or 
ten grains at short intervals. 
It seems to be primarily homoeopathic to passive, torpid condi- 
tions of the urinary apparatus. In such cases the 3d trituration 
may be found curative. 304 
GALIUM APAEINE. 
The infusion should be made from the fresh plant, when obtain- 
able, as the dried possesses less power. Children may be made 
to take it readily by adding sugar and cream, or milk, to the in- 
fusion. 
The following clinical record of the use of Galium in cancer, 
etc., is taken from the “ British Journal of Homoeopathy,” vol. 
xxiii, page 189 (1865): 
Hard Nodulated Tumor of the Tongue, apparently of a cancerous nature, which 
disappeared under the use of Galium aparinum. By F. A. Bailey, F.B.C.S.—Jane 
C , a married woman, set. sixty, residing at Ramsbury, in Wiltshire, was ad- 
mitted into the hospital, April 5th, 1864, on account of a hard, firm, somewhat 
circumscribed tumor, of about the size of a boy’s marble flattened, imbedded in 
the substance of the tongue, on the right side, about an inch from its apex, which 
had been gradually increasing in size since she first observed it, five weeks be- 
fore, when it was about as large as a hemp-seed. 
The upper surface was nodulated and uneven, and the swelling generally had 
the appearance and feel of a scirrhous formation of the organ. It had all along 
been extremely painful, so much so as entirely to prevent her sleeping at night; 
it was exquisitely tender to the touch when handled, and latterly she had expe- 
rienced a throbbing-beating pain in it, which had induced her to think it was 
about to burst. There was no appearance of its having been caused by injury to 
the tongue through a decayed tooth. She had always been in the habit of living 
tolerably well, but had been suffering a good deal from general debility and lan- 
guor for some time before the commencement of the swelling. Her countenance 
did not indicate any peculiar cachectic condition of the system, and there was no 
history of any hereditary cancerous taint in her family. The tumor had in- 
creased rather rapidly lately, and she was quite unable to masticate solid food, on 
account of the pain it induced, which had added much to her original weakness. 
She was ordered to have strong cold beef tea frequently during the day for 
diet, with a pint of porter daily, and to take the following medicine: R. Extract 
galii aparini solidi, two ounces; Aquae ad, half pound. M. ft. extract, fluid. 
Of this extract a drachm and a half was given twice a day, in a wineglassful of 
water. She was also ordered to use the above mixture as a warm lotion to the 
mouth, several times during the day, keeping it in the mouth for some time dur- 
ing each application. 
A month after her admission she had completely recovered from the languor 
and debility under which she had previously been suffering; her face, instead of 
being pallid and sallow, had recovered a healthy and somewhat florid appearance, 
which was natural to her ; the pain in the tumor had been gradually diminishing, 
and the tumor itself had become so much reduced in size as to be scarcely dis- 
cernible to the touch, and as she was now able to take solid food without discom- 
fort and with an appetite, she was at the end of five weeks discharged from the 
hospital. A fortnight afterwards, having continued the remedies prescribed, she 
presented herself as an out-patient, when it was found that the tumor had GENTIANA QUINQUEFLOKA. 
305 
entirely disappeared, and the tongue had recovered its natural structure and 
appearance. 
GENTIANA QUINQUEFLOBA. 
The “ five-flowered Gentian ” has long had a high reputation 
among the country people, to whom it is best known by the name of 
“gall of the earth.” When residing in Central Ohio, where it is 
found abundantly, I have known the victims of chronic ague use 
it with marked success. It seems to differ from the other Gen- 
tiance in possessing decided antiperiodic power. 
Dr. C. A. Yelvington, a distinguished physician of Susquehanna, 
Pa., recently called attention to it as a superior antiperiodic, and 
says that he first learned its use from the tribe of Indians that 
once lived on the Susquehanna River. Pie says that “ he has suc- 
ceeded in obstinate intermittents where Quinine and other anti- 
periodics had failed. Pie used the decoction of the herb. A 
fluid extract or the saturated tincture is a better form for admin- 
istration in fever. It is a valuable tonic for old cases of dyspepsia 
and torpid liver.” 
King (“Dispensatory”) says: 
The people use it as a bitters and a liver medicine. It is a very positive tonic, 
and possesses active antiperiodic powers. The saturated tincture, combined with 
Ptelea, is a very remarkable tonic, increasing the flow of gastric fluid, hence a 
valuable remedy in dyspepsia, either primary or secondary. As an antiperiodic 
it is well adapted to chronic cases of ague where there is debility and a tendency 
to relapse. It grows in woods and pastures, and flowers in September and Oc- 
tober, just before frost. It is found in many parts of the United States. 
Dr. Yelvington gives his experience, which is confirmed by that 
of many recent writers : 
My first trials were made within a few days on three cases of obstinate inter- 
mittents of the tertian form, the patients being a mother and two children, having 
contracted it at their former home, a malarious district in Eastern New York. 
On inquiring I found it was three years that they had had chills and fever, and 
this was the third year they had suffered with it. Quinia and other antiperiodics 
had failed to control the disease, but to my surprise and satisfaction in one week’s 
time it was brought entirely under subjection by the use of a decoction of the herb, 
and without a recurrence, as had previously been the case in the use of Quinia. 306 
GENTIANA QUINQUEFLORA—GELSEMINUM. 
The success in these cases led me to a continued use of the remedy, and with me 
it soon took the place of Quinia; and in a large and varied practice of over ten 
years since my commencing its use, I can safely say as a substitute for the former 
article it has completely answered the purpose. It is a more pleasant bitter, and 
does not produce any of the unpleasant symptoms attending an overdose of Quinia. 
As he seems to have used it alone, uncombined with other 
drugs, his statements are worthy of record. He says: 
It flowers in September and October, and is so humble an herb that it would 
scarcely be recognized even when searching for it, unless in bloom. The early 
frost kills it, and when an early fall comes it is scarce for a year or two. For 
the past two years I have used the remedy in a saturated tr., one part alcohol, 
three parts water, obtaining its strength by maceration, using a press to procure 
all of the strength possible. I always carry it in my case, and treat successfully 
many cases with this simple remedy, adding to from §j to f ij of water, and 
ordering a teaspoonful of the mixture every hour to four hours, as deemed neces- 
sary. For the past two years I have prescribed it satisfactorily in small doses 
in numerous cases of infantile fevers, also in cholera infantum. From many and 
repeated trials I would give a summary like the following: 
1st. As an antiperiodic it is equal to any, surpassed by none. 
2d. An overdose produces no unpleasant symptoms, no ringing of the ears, as 
in Quinia and its preparations, merely causing a sense of exhilaration and light- 
ness of the body. 
3d. It is applicable and may be used at any stage of the fever, and seems capa- 
ble in itself of reducing the bodily temperature. 
4th. As a tonic in enfeebled and chronic diseases it is a remedy par excellence, 
appearing to exert an action over the organs of nutrition and assimilation, as 
well as being a stimulant to the excretory organs. 
5th. Its compatibility combined or alternated with other remedial agents, makes 
it to the physician the more valuable from its wide range of action. 
6tli. The safety as a remedy is such that none may fear to use it, as in over ten 
years’ use, I have yet to find the first patient who was obliged to discontinue its 
use on account of untoward symptoms produced by it, or even from idiosyncrasy of 
constitution. 
I think it would well repay a proving; but the fact that it has 
not a pathogenesis should not prevent us from testing its virtues in 
chronic malarial diseases, dyspepsia, and hepatic troubles, which 
so often resist our best-selected remedies. 
The Yellow Jessamine is one of the most important and inter- 
esting of all the new remedies. Although it has been studied 
GELSEMINUM. 307 
GELSEMINUM. 
with much interest by investigators of all schools, much remains 
to be discovered concerning its pathological and pathogenetic 
effects. 
It possesses a peculiar interest to me, and I hope the class will 
be kind enough to listen to its medical history in the homoeopathic 
school. 
After the appearance of the provings of Podophyllum, Sangui- 
naria, and Phytolacca, nearly twenty years ago, no new investiga- 
tions of any importance appeared relating to our indigenous reme- 
dies. In 1860 I became interested in the brief notices of Gel- 
seminum which I found in eclectic medical journals, especially the 
cases of poisoning, which were of unusual and unique character. 
I therefore began, with Dr. J. S. Douglas, of Milwaukee, a 
series of experiments, physiological, pathogenetic, and clinical. 
The more I investigated its properties the more I became con- 
vinced that it would prove a valuable addition to our Materia 
Medica. 
In 1862 I had collected enough data to enable me to write a 
monograph of fifty-six pages, octavo, which Dr. Lodge, of Detroit, 
was kind enough to publish. 
Such was the interest excited by this brochure that the whole 
edition was disposed of in a very short time, and the remedy 
rose in the estimation of physicians, till it took a front rank along 
with Aconite and Belladonna in the armamentarium of homoeo- 
pathic practitioners. 
The reception of Gelseminum was so favorable that it embold- 
ened me to study and investigate other indigenous plants, and 
embody the results of such studies in a volume entitled “ New 
Remedies/’ published by Dr. Lodge. 
While I am proud of the title which some of my colleagues 
have given me of “ Father of the New Remedies,” I must accord 
to Dr. Lodge the title of “ Godfather,” for he it was who took 
the risk of publishing the work and placing it in the hands of our 
school. 
Ten years have now elapsed since the publication of the original 
monograph, and the literature of Gelseminum and of nearly all 
the new remedies has grown largely, and will still grow, I hope, 
during the next and succeeding decades. 308 
GELSEMINUM. 
The cases of poisoning on record, and those which I have ob- 
served in men and animals, show the following effects: 
(1.) General prostration and paralysis of all the voluntary mus- 
cles, while the mind is clear and the involuntary motions are in- 
tact. In this stage, dimness of sight, slight or complete, is nearly 
always present, together with dropping of the eyelids, with much 
difficulty of opening them. A slight degree of stupor or sleepi- 
ness is usually present, or a sluggish condition of the mental fac- 
ulties, which are, however, easily aroused. 
(2.) Partial paralysis (complete if death occurred) of all the in- 
voluntary muscles. First the sphincter muscles, then the respi- 
ratory, and finally the heart. In this stage the functions of the 
brain are not always abolished, but can be aroused by electricity 
and physical agitation of the body. In other cases a profound 
stupor occurs, which lasts until death or convalescence. 
(3.) In some exceptional cases, when a very large dose is taken, 
the brain seems suddenly congested, and a kind of apoplexy oc- 
curs. 
In cases where death seemed imminent, or was to all appear- 
ances present, recovery has been brought about by the free use of 
stimulants and galvanism. 
The nearest analogues of Gelseminum are Calabar bean and 
Conium; next in order come Aconite and Veratrum viride; and, 
finally, Chloral hydrate may have a close resemblance. It has 
been thought by some to stand midway between Aconite and 
Belladonna and the other narcotics; but the fact is that its primary 
action and secondary effects follow each other in the same order 
as those first named, while they appear in reverse order when 
compared with those of Belladonna and its congeners. In other 
words, the primary effects of Gelseminum are similar to the sec- 
ondary effects of Belladonna. 
The sphere of action of Gelseminum is doubtless principally 
confined to the motor side of the spinal cord, the brain, and the 
mucous membranes. The sensory nerves are certainly not as 
profoundly affected by Gelseminum as by Aconite, for I have 
never seen it produce the benumbing sensations or the anaesthesia 
of the latter, nor does it cause primarily the hyperaesthesia of Nux, GELSEMINUM. 
309 
although it may secondarily. I am of the opinion that it pri- 
marily causes passive congestion of the brain and spinal cord, just 
as Nux causes active congestion of those organs. 
Gelseminum, like Calabar and' Conium, benumbs and paralyzes 
the nerves of motion, both voluntary and involuntary (primary), 
while Nux and Belladonna irritate and excite both sets of nerves. 
While Gelseminum produces death by a condition of general 
paralysis or passive apoplexy (primary*), Nux causes death by in- 
ducing just the opposite, namely, a tetanic state or active conges- 
tion of the eerebro-spinal centres (primary). 
Nux and Belladonna cause, by their secondary action, a kind 
of secondary general paralysis similar to the primary effects of 
Gelseminum and Calabar. 
I make these comparisons in order that you may study the 
symptoms of both understandingly. 
It is almost impossible to separate the primary from the sec- 
ondary symptoms, as the provings stand; but it will greatly aid 
you to do so, if you understand the nature of the primary and 
secondary states caused by this drug. 
I cannot undertake to give you information as to all the morbid 
conditions to which Gelseminum is homoeopathic, nor can I give 
you the symptomatic indications for the remedy in all cases. You 
must, by careful study and comparison, become familiar with its 
provings and pathogenesis, which you will find in my special 
“ Symptomatology of New Remedies,” and in all your textbooks 
on materia medica. 
Bearing in mind my doctrine of dose, as relating to the pri- 
mary and secondary action of drugs, you will readily understand 
that in diseased conditions which resemble the primary effects of 
Gelseminum, you should prescribe only the middle and high 
attenuations. 
Among the disorders in which this medicine is primarily indi- 
cated are: 
(1.) Paralysis, general and special, of the voluntary and invol- 
untary nerves (of the striped and unstriped muscles). (2.) Passive 
congestions of the brain, spinal cord, lungs, liver, and other organs. 
It is secondarily indicated in 310 
GELSEMINUM. 
(1.) Convulsions, first of the voluntary, then of the involuntary 
muscles, namely : Hysteria, chorea, tetanus, puerperal spasms; 
spasms of hollow organs—of sphincter muscles. (2.) Active con- 
gestions of the brain and spinal cord and other organs. (3.) Fevers 
and local inflammations, hypercesthesia, neuralgia, etc. 
The Gelseminum is ail important fever remedy, forming one of 
the group, Aconite, Baptisia, Veratrum viride, and Gelseminum. 
It is useful in all fevers where the symptoms indicating the drug are 
present, but it will be found most useful in the following orders : 
(1.) Catarrhal fevers, from the influence of a cold, damp atmos- 
phere, or a sudden change from hot and dry to damp air. When 
influenza is epidemic, at any season of the year, you will always 
find cases where this remedy is called for by the following symp- 
toms: Chilliness up the back, cannot move away from the fire 
without chilliness; the head is hot before the fever sets in, which 
is not attended by thirst, restlessness, and anxiety, as with Aconite, 
but a torpid, heavy condition. The head feels heavy and big, the 
face scarlet, the eyes suffused, the nose runs a watery mucus, but 
little sore throat, the pulse large, full, and quick, but not very hard, 
and the febrile motions are remittent, aggravated about the same 
hour every day. 
[Right here I will give you the characteristic pulse of each 
fever remedy: Aconite: Pulse small, hard, wiry, quick. Vera- 
trum viride: Pulse hard, full, hounding, incompressible. Baptisia: 
Pulse quick, full, irregular, compressible. Gelseminum: As 
above given.] 
(2.) Bilious remittent fevers, when caused by atmospheric changes 
in the spring, or due to miasmatic influences in the autumn. 
The febrile symptoms areas I have given them above, and, in ad- 
dition, such symptoms as intense frontal or occipital headache, 
puffed face, slimy and bitter taste in the mouth; the tongue may 
be coated white or yellow, and the breath is foul. In the fall 
these fevers often take the place of agues, and may change into 
that form ; but the Gelseminum is equally useful in 
(3.) Intei'mittent fevers, miasmatic or not. It is best indicated 
in the quotidian type. I do not deny its power of curing tertians 
or quartans, as it seems to have done, judging from the reports of GELSEMINUM. 
311 
various physicians; but in an extensive practice of many years I 
have rarely found it useful in any but quotidians. It possesses 
the curious power of changing a quotidian, or bilious remittent, 
into a tertian fever. The special indications are chills along the 
hack ; fever with hot head, flushed face, cold feet, sleepiness, followed 
by hot perspiration, rarely thirst and vomiting. In most cases it 
should be given low, even a few drops of the tincture every two 
hours in bad cases, continued through the apyrexia and paroxysm. 
It prevents the convulsions in children with agues better than any 
other ague remedy. It is useful in so-called “dumb ague,” made 
so by Quinine. In such cases it follows Ipecac, with excellent ef- 
fect. It is also indispensable in “ masked ague,” assuming strange 
forms, such as chorea, neuralgia, etc. 
(4.) Infantile remittents, when due to irritation of teething, or 
intestinal troubles, or worms, or when caused by malarial influ- 
ences. In such cases it acts better than any other fever remedy, but 
should be alternated with some remedy more homoeopathic to the 
special irritation. 
(5.) Irritative fevers, or that type which is caused by some local 
irritation, such as ulceration, suppuration, the presence of a foreign 
body, etc. I know of no remedy which so readily controls this 
fever, while some specific remedy, or surgical treatment, removes 
the cause. In hectic fever, which is a variety of the above, even 
when shaking chills, followed by great heat and drenching sweats, 
occur, as in phthisis or pyaemia, the Gelseminum will arrest the 
paroxysms for a long time. 
It may be useful in some cases of enteric or typhoid fever, but 
unless such fever commenced as a catarrhal I should not rely upon 
it. Even then it would be useful only in the first stage. 
In cerebrospinal fevers it is especially useful, and ought never 
to be forgotten. If you refer to the head-symptoms and the cere- 
bral conditions you will see the reason why. It causes both 
passive and active congestion, and inflammation of the meninges 
of the brain and cord, but of a less intense degree of severity than 
Veratrum viride or Belladonna. It occupies a position between 
the two. If any of the above fevers are attended by cerebro- 
spinal irritation, it renders Gelseminum all the better indicated. 312 
GELSEMIJSTUM. 
In all the eruptive fevers (the acute febrile exanthemata) it may- 
be indicated, but especially in measles, as it causes both the 
catarrhal symptoms and the papulous eruption. 
In all it assists in determining the eruption to the surface and 
wards off the convulsions which tend to appear with the eruption. 
The mental indications are different from those of Aconite or Ve- 
rat. vir.; it has no anxiety with fear of death, but a torpor, a sleep- 
iness and dread of movement, which is an unfailing indication. 
In the South it has been found valuable in yellow fever, but I 
have had no experience with it in that terrible malady. From the 
records of the symptoms of that fever, I judge that it may be in- 
dicated in some cases. 
You will find the Gelseminum an indispensable remedy in many 
diseases of the brain and head, which I will briefly enumerate: 
In active congestion of the brain, when occurring during fevers, 
from unusual exertion, or from exposure to the sun. (Use the 
lowest dilutions.) In meningitis, especially in children ; in passive 
congestions. (Use here the middle dilutions.) In threatened or 
actual apoplexy, with stupor, coma, and nearly general paralysis. 
(It is rarely useful in hemiplegia or paraplegia.) In all these cere- 
bral affections, stupor, torpor of the mental faculties, and wild, 
incoherent delirium is the rule; while active excitement and vio- 
lent delirium is the exception. 
The headaches of Gelseminum are both intra- and extra-cranial. 
It corresponds to the congestive variety, the cerebrospinal, and the 
febrile. It is also curative in the neuralgic, especially when due 
to malarial or catarrhal influences. 
The typical Gelseminum headache may come on suddenly, with 
dimness of sight or double vision; with vertigo, great heaviness of 
the head, it feels too big, and often too “ light; ” with a semi- 
stupor, bright red face; dull, heavy expression of countenance; full 
pulse, and general malaise ; or, 
The headache may be of a settled, dull, heavy character, mainly 
in the occiput, mastoid, or upper cervical region, extending to the 
shoulders; relieved when sitting by reclining the head high on a 
pillow. 
In neuralgic headaches the pain is either in the upper cervical 
and occipital region, extending upward and forward, or it occu- GELSEMINUM. 
313 
pies the forehead, over one or both eyes. The pains are cramplike, 
drawing, tearing; aggravated by any exertion or study. 
Gelseminum is the best indicated in these headaches when they 
are remittent or intermittent. A characteristic symptom is “sensa- 
tion as if a band was drawn tightly around the head above the 
the ears, with soreness in the scalp and brain.” The head may 
even be retraded backwards, and is relieved by bending the head 
forward. (Contra in Calabar.) 
Headaches of this character have been cured promptly, in the 
practice of many physicians, by the tincture and low dilutions. A 
few cases have been as promptly cured by the 200th potency. 
In diseases of the eyes, Gelseminum ought to prove curative in 
many cases. I have myself used it with benefit in amaurosis, and 
it has cured many cases in the hands of other physicians. The 
disorder was generally attended by dilated pupils, a disturbance 
of the power of accommodation, a misty appearance before the 
eyes, and heaviness of the lids. This last symptom is a peculiar 
characteristic of the drug. A person under its pathogenetic influ- 
ence finds the eyelids so heavy he can scarcely lift them. It may 
even cause complete paralysis of the lids—an indication of grave 
cerebral disease. 
It causes dimness of sight invariably, and if enough is taken 
complete blindness results. The exact pathological condition 
upon which this blindness depends has not been fuliy determined. 
When proving Gelseminum fifteen years ago, it caused an 
asthenopia, from which I have never fully recovered. It ought 
to be homoeopathic to that disorder, and ought to cure it when 
given in the very highest potencies. 
It has caused hemiopia and diplopia. One of the most recent 
provings has this symptom : “ Everything seems like rolling water 
before the eyes.” 
Dr. Woodyatt, of Chicago, and many oculists of our school in 
other cities, value it highly in some nervous and paralytic affections 
of the eyes. 
In acute ophthalmia it does not appear to be generally useful, 
but in that curious form which occurs periodically, namely, an 
intense periodical congestion, from suppressed or masked ague, it 
cures promptly. 
YOL. II.—21 314 
GELSEMINUM. 
The ear-symptoms are not notable. It causes rushing and 
roaring, and sudden deafness, which may be due to catarrhal 
trouble, or paralysis of the auditory nerves, both of which it will 
cure. It is an excellent remedy for otalgia, when applied topi- 
cally, a few drops on cotton introduced into the ear. 
The catarrhal condition to which Gelseminum is homoeopathic 
affects all the mucous surfaces, especially those of the eyes, nose, 
and ears; and in the severest colds, when they affect all those 
organs, and the whole head suffers, there is no better remedy. 
It is rarely useful in chronic catarrh, while it is our best rem- 
edy for the effects of suppressed or undeveloped catarrh. 
In affections of the mouth, tongue, and throat it presents a 
marked contrast to Aconite. The Gelseminum affects the nerves 
of motion more than the nerves of sensation, while Aconite acts 
in the opposite manner. 
The primary effect of Gelseminum is to paralyze the muscles of 
the tongue, glottis, and the whole apparatus concerned in degluti- 
tion and vocal efforts; but this paralysis is not attended by the 
numbness and tingling caused by Aconite. The secondary effects 
of the drug result in spasmodic and tetanic conditions of the same 
muscular structures. 
You will be able to cure, as I have cured, some sudden and 
alarming paralytic affections of the throat with the high dilutions; 
while in spasm of the glottis, spasmodic croup, and laryngismus strid- 
ulus you will be successful with more material doses. 
We can trace this same paralytic and spasmodic influence of the 
Gelseminum all through the body. In the stomach it causes a 
peculiar feeling of weakness and emptiness, which may be at- 
tended by that peculiar vomiting which is due to paralysis of the 
oesophagus. The sense of weight in the stomach, with dull pain, 
is indicative of the cramp which will result from its secondary 
action. 
The abdominal symptoms of Gelseminum are due to two condi- 
tions : (a) a primary paralysis, and secondary spasm of the motor 
nerves; (b) a catarrhal affection of the intestinal mucous mem- 
branes with sympathetic muscular irritation. 
You will find it useful, then, in some singular paralytic condi- 
tions, especially of the sphincter. Many provers observed that it 315 
GELSEMINUM. 
caused an involuntary diarrhoea, or, rather, a tendency to involun- 
tary evacuations from the bowels, excited by emotions of a de- 
pressing character,—as bad news of battles, disappointment, etc. 
Many cases are recorded where it cured similar conditions. Dur- 
ing the war it was very effectual in the diarrhoea of soldiers, espe- 
cially when aggravated by the excitements of the struggle. In 
these cases probably the catarrhal and nervous elements of the 
disorder were both present. A case has recently been reported of 
a “ chronic diarrhoea, aggravated by exciting emotions,” cured by 
one dose of Gelseminum 2000th ! 
It is indicated in acute catarrhal enteritis, which may take the 
form of mucous diarrhoea or mucous dysentery, according to the 
grade of the inflammation. In the first stage of this affection the 
discharges may be almost involuntary; in the advanced stage 
they may be attended by intense spasmodic colic and tenesmus, 
both of which conditions equally indicate Gelseminum. 
The evacuations may be bilious as well as mucous. This is due 
to a catarrhal irritation of the liver, but not to any specific influ- 
ence exerted by Gelseminum on that gland. 
It has been suggested by some as a possible palliative in intense 
pain caused by spasm of the gall-duct during passage of biliary 
calculi. It is worth a trial, if Chloral is not at hand. 
The same paralytic and spasmodic conditions we have men- 
tioned are found in its action on the genito-urinary apparatus. 
It has cured enuresis from paralysis of the sphincter ; “ wetting the 
bed ” in children ; paralysis of the bladder in old people ; and in- 
voluntary micturition from exciting emotions. It has also cured 
opposite conditions, namely : dysuria, with frequent urging, scanty 
urine, and vesical tenesmus; spasmodic retention of urine. It has 
no specific influence on the kidneys, but its primary effect is to 
cause the so-called “ nervous urine,” a profuse limpid flow from 
nervous excitement. 
The primary effect of large doses of Gelseminum on the uterus, 
is to cause a paralysis of its motor power. This condition leads 
to those morbid states for which the remedy has been used so suc- 
cessfully in the high potencies, namely : atony resulting in want 
of contractility, false labor-pains, passive haemorrhage from loss of 
contractility. Secondarily, it causes congestion of the uterus, 316 
GELSEMINUM. 
spasmodic pains, neuralgic pains associated with cramps in the 
uterus and legs. It will therefore cure those conditions when 
given in the lowest dilutions. I know of no remedy more effi- 
cient in most cases of dysmenorrhoea of the above character, violent 
after-pains, cramps in the uterine ligaments. (The pains of Gelsem- 
inum commence in front, and extend upward and backward to the 
sides and back, or down the limbs.) 
Gelseminum has been found useful in irregular uterine con- 
tractions. Dr. Fountleroy says : 
The following interesting and unique case is briefly submitted in further 
illustration of the therapeutic uses of Gelseminum. The writer was called in 
consultation by Dr. William H. Byerly. The following history was elicited: 
In the three previous confinements, from the irregular contractions, partially 
affecting the muscular fibres, without uniform hardening of the uterine globe,— 
from the exhaustive continuance for two or three days of the inefficient contrac- 
tions, marked by frequent pulse, coated tongue and mental wanderings—the doctor 
had been forced to relieve his patient by a resort to instruments. When called 
upon the labor had commenced; the os uteri was partially dilated, and not at all 
rigid, but the contractions evidently involved different planes of the uterine mus- 
cular tissue, first in one part, then in another. From his former experience the 
doctor anticipated trouble and delay. The writer suggested the use of Gelsem- 
inum, believing that the irregular uterine contractions were due to the want of 
tone in the sympathetic nervous system. Whether true or not, the result seem- 
ingly sustained the theory. Eight drops of the fluid extract were administered 
at an interval of two hours. After the second dose the uterine contractions became 
more general, and improvement gradually followed until after the eighth dose, 
when the patient was delivered, by the unaided forces of nature, of a large 
healthy" child. 
It has been used successfully by obstetricians in deficient labor- 
pains, or when the pains are severe but make no progress owing 
to a rigid os uteri. In the former case the medium attenuations 
are useful, but in the latter quite large doses are often required 
(ten drops every half hour till relaxation). When your patient 
is threatened with convulsions during confinement, and the pulse 
is large and soft, the face puffed and the expression heavy, do not 
hesitate to give ten or fifteen drops every fifteen minutes, while 
you are hastening the labor by the forceps or other means. 
Its action on the male genital organs is analogous. It causes 
impotence from lack of muscular power in the penis, while it does 
not abolish sexual desire. It is thus homoeopathic to that form of 
emissions which occur at night from dreams, or by day from sexual 317 
GELSEMINUM. 
excitement, without erections. In such cases it will cure in the 30th 
and upward. 
I do not think it will be found as useful in active nocturnal 
emissions, unless they occur from local irritation of the seminal 
vesicles, or during gonorrhoea with chordee. If useful here, the 
tincture is required. 
I know of no remedy so generally useful in acute gonorrhoea, 
with great inflammation, scanty discharge, fever, etc. It controls 
the active symptoms, and often no other remedy has to be used ; 
it seemingly cuts short the disease. My usual efficient dose is 
two to four drops every two hours. When the discharge becomes 
thick, yellow, or creamy, Cannabis, Copaiva, Cubebs, or Oil of 
sandalwood are needed. 
I should expect good effects from Gelseminum in spasmodic 
stricture of the urethra, for I have used it with benefit in an an- 
alogous affection,—vaginismus, of a purely nervous character, with 
uterine irritation. 
In these cases its internal use may be aided by an injection of 
the same. 
I do not think Gelseminum is adapted to acute inflammations 
of the parenchyma of any of the organs of the body. Clinical 
experience has not found it of any value in pneumonia, pleuritis, 
carditis, or pericarditis, during the inflammatory stage. If useful 
at all, it is in the congestive stage. Its homoeopathicity to acute 
catarrhal affections makes it an excellent remedy in some disorders 
of the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs, when caused by 
cold and dampness. 
It is all the better indicated in these catarrhal difficulties if 
motor disturbances occur, such as spasm of the larynx, pharynx, 
and glottis, or so-called spasmodic asthma. 
The heart-symptoms of Gelseminum all point unmistakably to- 
ward cardiac paresis. The primary pulse of Gelseminum is soft, 
weak, or imperceptible, except during motion. The heart’s action 
becomes slow and very feeble, and the extremities become cold 
(but it does not cause the collapse of Aconite and Veratrum). One 
peculiar symptom of the heart is, “a feeling as if the heart would 
stop beating if she did not move about.” This was observed in a 
case of dangerous poisoning. It reminds one of the poisonous 318 
GELSEMINUM—GERANIUM MACULATUM. 
effects of Conium, where life is prolonged by movement; the symp- 
tom is just the opposite of Digitalis and China. I think it para- 
lyzes the cardiac ganglia. In such cases movement of the body 
keeps the heart going by stimulating those motor nerves which 
are supplied to the heart from the spinal cord. 
Dr. P. P. Wells, when proving Gelseminum, experienced a 
symptom which goes to prove this theory, “ A sensible motion of 
the heart as though it had attempted to beat, which it failed fully to 
accomplish, and the pulse then each time intermitted, wrorse w'hen 
lying down in bed, especially wThen lying on left side.” 
It is in cardiac neuroses that this remedy is best indicated. 
They may be primary, with deficient power and action, or second- 
ary, with excessive action. In hysterical palpitation I have found 
it quite efficient. 
Gelseminum is not useful in inflammatory rheumatism, only in 
that condition of catarrhal rheumatic pains before the catarrhal 
discharge appears, or when rheumatic pains appear after suppres- 
sion of catarrh. In this respect it resembles Pulsatilla, Clema- 
tis, and Ranunculus, and should be studied and compared with 
them. 
Future provings and experiments will doubtless increase the 
scope of the action of this drug, and give us new symptoms and 
special indications. 
I predict that it may be found useful in some affections of 
the brain and spinal cord, in which it has not yet been used. It 
may be curative in locomotor ataxia, softening, and other serious 
lesions. 
GERANIUM MAOULATUM. 
This indigenous species known under the common name of 
“ Cranesbill,” from the peculiar shape of the seed-vessel, is used 
by the country people as an almost universal remedy for diarrhoea 
and other fluxes. The root contains nearly thirty per cent, of Tan- 
nin, and its curative action is doubtless due to the presence of that 
agent. 
Homoeopathists have rejected—rightly or not—all the so- 
called astringent medicines for the cure of abnormal discharges. 319 
GERANIUM MACULATUM. 
It is a question whether it is right for us to throw out such medi- 
cines. 
Eclectic physicians claim that it not only cures diarrhoea, but 
that it “leaves the mucous membrane in a moist, healthy condi- 
tion,” i. e., normal. 
As I shall speak of several similar medicines during my lec- 
tures, permit me to quote from the second edition of my “ New Rem- 
edies 
My attention was first called to the remedy by observing the 
promptitude of its action in certain cases of diarrhoea, from loss 
of tone in the mucous membrane of the bowels, or in the discharges 
which continue after the inflammatory stage o'f a dysentery. In 
such instances I have known discharges to cease under the action 
of Geranium when they had resisted the careful and persevering 
use of the ordinary homoeopathic remedies. One fact arrested my 
attention, namely, that it was rarely used by intelligent laymen 
or physicians (eclectic) until the inflammatory conditions had 
passed away ; and that if used too soon, it was very sure to aggra- 
vate the conditions. In this respect it acted very much as does 
Rheum in the hands of allopathic physicians. 
These observations led me to inquire whether there was not 
something in the medicinal action of astringents that would ac- 
count for this favorable action under certain circumstances. In 
other words, could not their curative action be made to accord 
with the law of Similia, and with the law of dose, which is the 
necessary result of that law. 
To illustrate the curative action of Geranium, I here present 
several cases, which were treated by me or came under my ob- 
servation : 
Case I.—A gentleman had been troubled for a long time with a copious secre- 
tion of mucus about the fauces, obliging him to constantly “ hawk ” and clear the 
throat, much to his annoyance. The condition originated in an acute catarrhal 
attack, which occurred several months before. An examination showed no traces 
of present inflammatory action; the mucous membrane looked pale and relaxed, 
and large drops and clots of mucus adhered to the fauces. I used for a reason- 
able time Mercurius iod., Hepar sulphur, Hydrastis, and several medicines which 
seemed indicated, but no curative effect was observed. I then prescribed Geranin 
in the first decimal trituration, two grains to be taken three times a day, and a 
weak lotion of the same remedy, and as a gargle. In a week the patient reported 
himself cured. 320 
GERANIUM MACULATUM. 
Case II.—A lady, aged 45, had been ill with chronic diarrhoea for nearly a 
year. The evacuations were usually watery, with but little pain, contained undi- 
gested food, and occasionally traces of mucus. The number of evacuations, daily, 
varied from four to fourteen. A good many medicines were used, in high and low 
potencies, but with no permanent curative results. Arsenicum and Sulphuric 
acid were the most useful. Finally, she became very anaemic, debilitated, and so 
dispirited that her condition became critical. On the suggestion of a friend who 
had been cured with the Cranesbill, and with my permission, she commenced the 
use of the root in infusion. It was prepared by pouring upon one teaspoonful of 
the powdered root a teacupful of hot water. This, after standing a few hours, 
was taken as follows: one-third of the quantity every six hours. I carefully 
watched the case, allowing no other remedy to be taken, and permitting no change 
in her usual diet. After the third day the evacuations became less frequent and 
profuse, until at the end of a week or ten days they had become normal. At this 
time I suggested that the medicine be discontinued, which was done, but resumed 
again in two days, as relaxation of the bowels recurred. The remedy was con- 
tinued in gradually decreasing doses for a month, when it was discontinued, and 
she has since had no return—now two months. 
Case III.—Was one of chronic, exhausting leucorrhoea, of a vaginal origin, 
and attended by no ulceration or abrasion; a mere passive discharge from a 
relaxed mucous surface. Geranium, ten drops, four times a day, was prescribed, 
with injections of the same medicine, prepared by pouring one pint of water upon 
two drachms of the powdered root; the whole to be used during the day—half 
in the morning, and half in the evening. In two weeks she reported herself as 
cured. 
These cases, together with my observations of its successful use 
in many other cases, has prompted me to offer the following sug- 
gestions in lieu of a thorough proving, which I have not been able 
to obtain. 
It must be remarked by every observing homoeopathic physi- 
cian, that while the opposite school estimate very highly the 
“ astringent ” medicines, they are but seldom used in our own 
school. 
Let us now proceed to examine into the nature of the action 
of the so-called “ astringents/’ in order to ascertain if they can 
be used in a practical manner in accordance with the law of 
“ Similia.” 
“ Astringent ” agents are taken from the vegetable and mineral 
kingdoms. The vegetable astringents comprise Tannic acid, Gal- 
lic acid, Kino, Quercus alba et rubra, Rhatany, Statice, Geranium 
maculatum, Hsematoxylon, Epiphegus virginiana, Trillium, Rhus 
glabrum, Ribus, Potentilla, Myrica cerifera, Matico, Uva ursi, 
Ohimaphila, Erigeron, Erechthites, Hamamelis, etc. 321 
GEKANITJM MACULATUM. 
Among the mineral astringents are Sulphuric acid, Plumbum 
aceticum, Ferrum sulphuricum, Alum, Zincum sulphuricum, Cu- 
prum sulphuricum, etc. 
In the Materia Medica of the opposite school, many medicines 
are mentioned as astringents which do not belong to that class, 
but are more properly “ eschar otics,” namely, Argentum nitrieum, 
Kreosotum, and Mercurius corrosivus. 
We will first examine the action of astringent medicines as ex- 
plained by allopathic authors. 
It would occupy too much space to give the opinion and ex- 
planation of every writer on Materia Medica. We will therefore 
quote from Dr. Headland, who seems to embody in his chapter 
on “Astringents” all the most important speculations in vogue in 
his school as to their physiological and curative action. 
He defines astringents in a “ General Proposition,” as medi- 
cines which “ act by passing from the blood to the muscular fibre, 
which they excite to contraction.” He remarks: 
They do not necessarily act in the blood, although many haematics are also 
astringents. They do not pass from the blood to the nerves. They do not al- 
ways act by passing out of the body through the glands. As neurotics act di- 
rectly on nerves, so these act directly and especially on muscular fibre. They 
cause this to contract, whether it be striped or voluntary, or of the involuntary 
or unstriped kind. Their action is more readily understood, because it can ac- 
tually be seen. It takes place out of the body, or in the body—externally or in- 
ternally. Nearly all astringents have the power of coagulating or precipitating 
albumen. By virtue of this power they are enabled to constrict many dead ani- 
mal matters. They affect fibrinous tissues in a similar chemical way. But they 
seem to effect a further dynamical influence over living tissues, which possibly 
depends in some way on this chemical property. This dynamical influence is, 
as I have said, to cause the contraction of muscular fibre. By this all their op- 
erations can be explained. Taken into the blood in a state of solution, they pass 
through the walls of the capillaries to the muscular tissue, by inducing the fibre 
of the involuntary muscle to contract. Astringents may brace the system and 
simulate the action of tonics, but as the action of voluntary muscle is short and 
brief, it requires for its maintenance continual excitation ; and unless the medi- 
cine is thus continually repeated, the tonic effect subsides. But astringents 
further contract involuntary muscles; this contraction is slower, but more durable 
and important in its results. Unstriped muscular fibre exists in the middle coats 
of arteries, in the walls of capillary vessels, in the lining of the ducts of glands 
generally, in the substance of the heart, and in the stomach and intestines. As- 
tringents are irritants and poisonous in large doses. But in small doses they con- 
strict and stimulate to a healthy condition those tubes that contain in their coats 322 
GERANIUM MACULATUM. 
the unstriped fibre. By diminishing the calibre of the capillary vessels gener- 
ally, they promote health and counteract a lax state of the system. By the same 
action on the extreme vessels they prevent haemorrhages. By constricting the 
ducts of the glands they diminish the secretion of those glands, because denying 
it an exit. By acting on the stomach and intestines they are able to give them 
tone, to diminish their secretions when excessive, and thus to promote digestion. 
The above may be said to embody “all the accumulated wis- 
dom” of the old school in relation to the action of astringents. 
To the homoeopathist it is vague and unsatisfactory. Let us see 
if we can get any light from further investigations. 
We will not stop to consider the chemical action of astringents, 
either on dead tissues or on albuminous substances. Such action 
may be termed chemico-mechanical, and does not come within the 
scope of this paper. Dr. Headland seems to think that, aside from 
the above mentioned, astringents have another method of action, 
which he would imply was the chemieo-dynamic force. With a 
strong leaning to a belief in the presence of a dynamic power in 
drugs, not recognized by his own school, Dr. Headland cannot 
get rid of a certain materialism, which prevents him from accept- 
ing the great truth, that all medicines act in a dynamic manner 
when once taken into the circulation, or even when brought in 
contact with nerve-matter. I agree with Dr. Headland, however, 
in his “ General Propositions,” that astringents do act by passing 
from the blood to the muscular fibre, which they cause to contract. 
But is this the only way in which astringents act? Must they 
pass into the blood—be carried through the round of the vascular 
system—before they are brought in contact with the muscular fibre 
of the coats of the stomach or intestines? When applied to the 
lax and debilitated mucous surfaces discharging an unheathy se- 
cretion, is it necessary that the medicine must pass into the blood, 
and through the circulation, before it acts upon the mucous and 
muscular tissues of the organ or surface to which it is applied ? 
Such a roundabout way is not necessary. The mere contact of a 
medicinal substance with the diseased tissue, for the morbid con- 
dition of which it is the remedy, suffices to effect the cure of that 
condition. It may be taken up by the absorbents, or enter the 
capillary system (if applied to the skin), or affect, by its dynamic 
force, the terminal nerve-filaments. 323 
GERANIUM MACULATUM. 
When brought in contact with such tissues or fibres the astrin- 
<D 
gent principle or dynamic force residing in such principles causes 
them to contract. This contraction of muscular tissue implies more 
than at first thought appears. Not only does muscular fibre exist 
in the walls of all hollow organs, the bloodvessels, etc., of the 
body, but the microscope has demonstrated that it exists in the 
fungiform papillae of the tongue; in the excretory ducts of the 
perspiratory and other minute glands. It has even been main- 
tained by some that the cilia of the epithelium was due to the pres- 
ence of muscular fibrillse. The astringent dynamic force may 
therefore modify the physiological action of the minutest as well 
as the largest structures of the body, and morbid action, wherever 
muscular fibre exists. In this way it may unnaturally contract 
the muscular coat of stomach and intestines, the bloodvessels, etc., 
causing perturbed action of the organs of digestion and circulation. 
By acting on the excretory ducts of glands it will seriously modify 
the secretion from such glands, render membranes dependent on 
such glands harsh and dry, and check the secretion of urine and 
perspiration. When the medicine is applied locally, either in fluid 
or solid form, it dries up the natural secretions of the surface, and 
deprives it of some of its nervous sensibility. 
PATHOGENETIC ACTION OF ASTRINGENTS. 
1. Primary Action.—Astringent medicines act on the muscular 
fibre of the intestinal tract, bloodvessels, excretory ducts of glands, 
skin, mucous membrane, in all of which they cause contraction 
with a diminution of secretion. 
2. Secondary Action.-—The loss of tone, the laxity, and undue 
secretion which follow the primary effects of astringent medicines, 
is as much the specific effect of these drugs as the latter. Says 
Dr. Headland: “But as the contraction of voluntary muscle is 
short and brief, it requires for its maintenance a continual excita- 
tion, and unless the medicine is thus continually repeated the tonic 
effect subsides.” This is the case also with involuntary muscle. 
The contractile effect of the medicine ceases because the irritability 
of the muscular fibre is destroyed by the large quantity of the 
drug, or its frequent repetition. The secondary effect, then, of an 324 
GERANIUM MACULATUM. 
astringent is to cause a loss of tone, and a deficiency of normal 
irritability in the muscular fibre which it affects. 
The loss of tone extends also to the particular mucous surface 
or surfaces for which the drug had a special affinity. 
Hence, as a result of the above-named conditions, there will 
exist distension or laxity of muscular organs, colliquative sweats, 
morbid discharge from glands, haemorrhages (passive), abnormal 
and profuse secretion from mucous surfaces (blennorrhoeas). The 
secondary action of astringents is often observed in the persons of 
patients under allopathic treatment for diarrhoea and other abnor- 
mal discharges from mucous surfaces. While under the first in- 
fluence of the astringent medicine the discharge is checked, the 
mucous membrane becomes dry, and its substance more firm. But 
the reaction is sure to occur, unless the vital force maintains the 
equilibrium, and the discharge reappears in a more aggravated 
form, with a corresponding laxity of the mucous tissue. Alum 
is much used for relaxed uvula, and by singers to “ strengthen 
the relaxed tissues of the throat.” But Mialhe observes that the 
Alum used so largely by public singers maintains the vocal parts 
in a state of “ flaccidity,” instead of constringing them. The allo- 
paths are well aware of this secondary action of astringents; for 
they caution the practitioner against using these medicines in too 
large doses, or a too long-continued use of small doses. The reason 
of this secondary relaxation is evidently found in the fact that 
the dynamic action of astringents upon muscular fibre is not by 
means of transmitted nerve force, or by an increase of vital force, 
but is more akin to mechanical irritation, an irritation which 
wears out the irritability of muscular fibre sooner than any other. 
CURATIVE ACTION OF ASTRINGENTS. 
The question, How does an astringent medicine cure a diseased 
condition? can evidently only be answered in one way. Astring- 
ents, like all other medicines, cure diseases and morbid conditions 
and symptoms which are similar to those caused by this class of 
remedies. All medicines cure by virtue of the law of Similia, and 
astringents are no exception. But it must be borne in mind that GERANIUM MACULATUM. 
325 
we cannot assert, as do the authorities in old-school therapeutics, 
that one astringent may generally be substituted for another. In 
fact, their recommendations belie the general rule which they try 
to establish. By referring to any work on practice, it will be 
noticed that a certain astringent is recommended for nightsweats, 
one for diarrhoea, another for profuse mucous discharges from the 
vagina or urethra, and still another for haemorrhages. 
The truth is, that each medicine belonging to the class “ As- 
tringentia ” is a distinct entity, having, perhaps, some properties 
in common with the rest, but at the same time possessing some 
qualities which cause it to differ essentially from all the rest of its 
congeners. To meet the demands of a scientific materia medica, 
each individual of the class should be separately proven, in order 
that we may see at a glance in what respect it differs from its 
analogues. 
In the homoeopathic Materia Medica we have the pathogenesis 
of very few astringent medicines. They are Alum, Tannic acid, 
Ferro-sulphuricum, Sulphuric acid, Plumbum aceticum, Uva 
ursi, Gallic acid, Rhatany, Zincum sulphuricum. 
By referring to provings of these medicines, it will he seen that 
the primary and secondary symptoms of each are mixed together 
without any attempt at arrangement. If the physician did not 
possess some knowledge of the physiological effects of the drugs, 
our provings would give him no correct idea of the manner and 
order in which such symptoms were evolved. 
So too in the “clinical indications” prefixed to each remedy, 
the same want of order is manifest. They are recommended for 
diarrhoea and constipation, for spasms and paralysis, and so on, 
leaving the student in a maze of uncertainty, wondering how a 
medicine can be used for conditions directly the opposite. 
Unless we take cognizance of the primary and secondary actions 
of medicines we cannot reconcile those apparent discrepancies. 
Those who are familiar with my teachings in relation to law of 
dose, as based on the dual action of medicinal agents, will readily 
understand the following propositions, as explanatory of the cura- 
tive action of the class of medicines under consideration : 326 
GERANIUM MACULATUM—GNAPIIALIUM POLYCEPHALUM. 
Proposition I.—All astringents primarily cause contraction of 
muscular fibre in some portion of the body, together with a 
diminution of secretion from the glandular and mucous tis- 
sues. 
Therefore, astringents are primarily homoeopathic to similar 
conditions, occurring as the results of disease. 
Proposition II.—All astringents cause secondarily a diminution 
of tone and laxity of muscular fibre, with a similar condition in 
glandular and mucous tissues, and consequent increase of se- 
cretion even to colliquative discharges. 
Therefore, astringents are secondarily homoeopathic where such 
conditions occur in the organism, and have been produced by the 
primary conditions before mentioned. 
GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM. 
This many-headed Everlasting was first introduced into our 
practice by Dr. Woodbury and others of Boston. Its sphere of 
action appears to include certain nerves of the face and lower ex- 
tremities, and the mucous membrane of the bowels. The provings 
show it to cause an intermittent neuralgia of the superior maxil- 
lary nerve of both sides, and an occipital headache, with shooting 
pains in the eyeballs. Dr. Banks, selecting the remedy from its 
symptom, *•'intense pain along the sciatic nerve, following the 
larger ramifications,” cured several cases of sciatica; and Dr. Wood- 
bury has lately reported a case cured. By reference to the provings, 
you will see that the pain is attended by cramps of the calves 
and feet, and a numbness which takes the place of the pain at 
times. 
It has been used successfully in colic, evidently flatulent; in 
morning diarrhoea of dark-colored, liquid, offensive stool in chil- 
dren ; also in cholera morbus and cholera infantum, by Dr. E. 
Gamny, of Hew York, with the symptoms recorded in the path- 
ogenesis. It seems to faintly resemble Colocynth and Veratrum 
album. GOSSYPIUM. 
327 
GOSSYPIUM. 
This medicine is prepared from the root of the Cotton-plant. 
The first mention of it was in allopathic journals, where the 
statement was made that an infusion was commonly resorted to 
by the blacks of the South, then slaves, for the purpose of causing 
abortion. 
It was asserted that its use was generally attended by the de- 
sired result. Soon after the country was flooded with preparations 
of the drug—fluid extracts, solid extracts, Gossypin, etc., all recom- 
mended in cunning words for the criminal purpose above named. 
Thereupon, every unscrupulous woman used, and unprincipled 
physician prescribed the drug, until an enormous quantity was 
sold yearly. Although no authenticated cases of miscarriage from 
its use ever came to my knowledge, and although reputable physi- 
cians of both schools in the South denied that they ever observed 
any such effects, I have no doubt hundreds of barrels of the fluid 
extract were sold yearly. 
It was the fashion and the rage of the hour, and the money 
spent for the drug would have endowed a foundling asylum in 
every State of the Union. 
It still retains its reputation, although in a less degree. That 
it does cause miscarriage in weakly women may be true, but 
that it uniformly does I cannot believe. 
In the hands of the homoeopathic school it has proven a bene- 
ficent remedy, and is capable of further development. The late 
Dr. Williamson, whose zeal for the improvement of our Materia 
Medica was never exceeded, made several provings, and used it in 
many diseases. He considered it analogous in action to Apis, 
Bryonia, Sepia, Secale, and Sabina. It also resembles Cimicifuga, 
Ustilago, and Pulsatilla. 
Its pathogenesis proves that its sphere of action includes the 
internal and external genitals, and the reflex nerves connected there- 
with. 
It causes, and has also cured, anorexia and nausea at the time 
of the menses; morning vomiting in the early months of pregnancy, 
with violent retching, tendency to fainting, soreness of the uterine 
region ; the nausea appears on waking, and the vomiting on first 328 
GOSSYPIUM—GRINDELIA ROBUSTA. 
raising the head; only a thick fluid and a little bilious matter is 
ejected, with passage of wind both ways. 
Dr. Williamson reports cases of amenorrhcea, dysmenorrhoea, and 
menorrhagia cured by Gossypium. 
I have prescribed it successfully in scanty menses, painful or 
painless. 
In amenorrhoea, with anaemia, gastric derangements, and debility, 
it has seemed to act well. 
It has been recommended for sterility from uterine torpor; for 
lingering labor from the same cause, where it is said to cause 
painless expulsive efforts (?). 
Many of its symptoms remind me of Ustilago, especially the 
skin symptoms. It has some relations with Secale. 
It causes itching, with small tubercles of the labia and contig- 
uous .tissues. 
It may be that you will find it useful in many other uterine 
disorders, but it needs further provings and clinical experience to 
confirm its value. 
The tincture and lowest dilutions have been found most useful. 
GRINDELIA ROBUSTA. 
This is a small, herbaceous plant, with perennial root. It be- 
longs to the natural order Composite. This species and the 
Grindelia squarrosa, which is often mistaken for it by herb gath- 
erers and druggists, is found on the plains of the Pacific Slope. 
The whole plant, like the G. squarrosa, is permeated with a pecu- 
liar resin, which is most abundant in the flower-heads. 
The Grindelia robusta has been strongly recommended as a rem- 
edy for chronic bronchitis and asthma. It has also been success- 
fully used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, gleet, and other mucous 
discharges. Dr. E. A. Gatchell, of Milwaukee, tells me that he 
has found Grindelia, in the form of a lotion, a sovereign applica- 
tion in itching or painful erythematous eruptions. It relieves the 
unpleasant sensation, as if by magic, and by preventing the scratch- 
ing and rubbing promotes the cure. It has given relief when all 
the usual remedies have failed. He finds it also useful in reliev- 
ing the effects of mosquito-bites. A lotion made by mixing one 329 
GRINDELIA ROBUSTA. 
part of the fluid extract or tincture in ten parts of water is all that 
is required. 
Grindeiia was first recommended as an antidote to the poisoning 
by Rhus tox. It is applied to the skin, either in the form of in- 
fusion or dilute tincture. No complete provings have been made 
with either species. 
It seems to possess the same soothing effects on the mucous 
membranes as on the skin, in vaginitis, accompanied by violent 
itching, burning, with rawness and redness. An injection of 5j 
to a pint of warm water acts happily. 
The following case is from an eclectic journal: 
Mrs. , aged fifty-three, married thirty-two years, mother of six children, 
plump, somewhat inclined to obesity, of very fair and florid complexion, generally 
speaking healthy and of uncommon strength and endurance, bodily and mentally, 
had since her menses made their first appearance, always had a very copious flow, 
lasting three to four days, and the menses with great regularity returned every 
twenty-one days. About two years ago she underwent the “change of life.” 
Immediately after the menses stopped, vaginitis set in, and she says that the 
burning and itching she suffered day and night is beyond all description, and it 
had resisted every remedy that came within her knowledge. The flow of a 
whitish acrid fluid had also persistently continued. When the case was ex- 
plained to me I recollected that Grindeiia robusta was highly recommended. I 
therefore put up 
R. Extractis grindeliae robusta; fluidi, 3 j. 
Aquae pluvialis, iv. 
M. S.—Apply an injection with a common glass vaginal syringe twice or thrice 
a day, and apply the mixture to the parts inflamed externally by wet cloths 
changing them three to four times a day. 
About a week afterwards patient reported success to my wife, saying, “ I have 
spent the first few days for years without suffering.” She was advised to keep 
the mixture about the house, and to apply it at the appearance of the slightest 
symptom of vaginitis. 
There are two species of Grindeiia now used in medicine, the 
Grindeiia robusta and Grindeiia squarrosa; both are natives of 
California. They are physically remarkable for the large amount 
of resinous matters which they contain. Belonging to the same 
genus, their action on the human organism is quite similar. We 
have already a few suggestive provings and a large amount of 
clinical experience obtained by their empirical administration. As 
with other medicines, the provings verify the trustworthiness of 
VOL. II.—22 330 
GRINDELIA ROBUSTA. 
the clinical experience. The sphere of action of Grindelia appears 
to be principally manifested upon the mucous membranes and the 
nervous system. As a general rule, this is the case with all the 
gum-resins. Taken into the system they have to be carried out 
through the mucous surfaces whose function is to eliminate. Con- 
sequently the bronchial mucous membrane, and that lining the 
genito-urinary tract, are usually chiefly affected. But we know 
that in case such alimentary organs refuse to do their office, the 
drug imprisoned in the system attacks other portions of the or- 
ganism. Therefore we find that Grindelia, as well as Copaiva, 
Terebinth., Balsam pern, Sambueus, and Stannum, often cause 
severe nervous symptoms. 
The Grindelia robusfa has been particularly useful in “humid 
asthma,” a disease which generally originates in catarrhal bron- 
chitis. At first the dyspnoea depends on an abnormal accumula- 
tion of mucus in the smaller bronchi; it is tenacious and difficult 
to detach. The patient feels and knows that if he begins to expec- 
torate he will get relief. As the disease becomes chronic, the 
“strain” on the respiratory nerves leads to such irritability that 
spasm results. This is called “spasmodic asthma.” Grindelia ro- 
busta corresponds to these symptoms and conditions, and its prov- 
ings already shadow forth a similar symptomatology. In purely 
nervous asthma, or the so-called paralytic asthma, where the bron- 
chial tubes are so relaxed by paralysis of their circular muscular 
fibres that inhalation is easy, but expiration difficult, I do not 
think Grindelia will be found useful. 
But there is a dyspnoea due to paresis of the respiratory nerves 
which obtain their vitality from the spinal cord, in which Grin- 
delia is especially indicated. In a recent proving which I com- 
municated to the “North American Journal of Homoeopathy,” 
occurs the following symptom : “ A fear of going to sleep on ac- 
count of loss of breath, which awakes him.” This symptom occurs 
in chronic asthma sometimes, and very often in cardiac asthma. 
It is due to deficient spinal innervation. We have but few remedies 
which meet this symptom. Lachesis has been used, also Arseni- 
cum, Nux, and Ignatia, but Strychnia6 is better than all. Soon 
after that symptom was published Dr. Wesselhoeft, of Boston, 
greatly relieved a case of dyspnoea from heart disease with this 331 
GRINDELIA ROBUSTA—GYMNOCLADUS. 
particular symptom. lie gave a low dilution. Eucalyptus, a kin- 
dred remedy, has relieved a similar symptom, also Tart. em. 
The curative dose of Grindelia in asthmatic affections has a 
very wide range. Eclectics and allopaths report brilliant cures 
from teaspoonful doses of the strong fluid extract down to a few 
drops of the tincture. I have greatly relieved acute catarrhal 
asthma, even in children, with the lowest dilutions in drop doses. 
The dose is of small consequence so that it does not reach the 
point of causing medicinal aggravation—a result which I have 
rarely seen in any remedy, and which is generally a myth. 
Many cases of chronic bronchitis and cough, with muco-puru- 
lent expectoration, after pneumonia, has been cured by this medi- 
cine. It will doubtless prove useful in catarrhal conditions of the 
urinary and genital organs. 
The Grindelia squarrosa developed in some recent provings 
very severe eye symptoms, resembling acute iritis, and a Dr. Fishe, 
in the “ Pacific Medical Journal,” reports several cases cured by 
its use internally and externally. He used appreciable doses. It 
may prove to be a very valuable agent. 
In the catarrhal stage of pertussis, when the secretion of mucus 
is profuse, and there is dyspnoea therefrom, Grindelia gives relief 
sooner than Ipecac, or Tart. em. 
In many forms of renal or cystic diseases, when mucous dis- 
charge is the prominent symptom, it will effect cures, but it must 
be taken perseveringly for some time. 
GYMROQLADUS. 
This is a tree, the fruit of which gives it its name of Coffee tree? 
from its resemblance to the Coffee bean, for which it has been used 
as a substitute. 
Belonging to the Leguminosce, it is botanically a relative of 
Baptisia and Robinia. It has not been much used in practice. 
It seems to affect the head similarly to Cimicifuga. It has caused 
erysipelas of the face. An old physician, I think the one who 
assisted in proving it (Dr. Sellers), informed me that he always 
found it curative in a sore throat in which a dark livid redness was 
characteristic. I quote a portion of Dr. Sellers’s original letter to 
Dr. Hering : 332 
GYMNOCLADUS. 
Cincinnati, December 9th, 1844. 
Dear Sir : I herewith send you a couple of pods of the Gymnocladus, com- 
monly called the Kentucky coffee tree, or fly-poison, the beans of which are roasted 
and used for coffee in some parts of Kentucky, while the pulp that surrounds the 
bean in the pods is used for poisoning flies. I was induced to suppose it might 
be a valuable addition to our medicines from tasting the pulpy substance in the 
pods. About two weeks ago, while eating a small portion of it, I perceived a 
burning, drawing sensation in the roof of mv mouth, extending to the uvula, 
which, however, soon passed away. I immediately commenced preparing a sat- 
urated tincture. On Sunday, December 1st, about 8 o’clock p.m., I moistened some 
sugar of milk with one drop of the tincture, and took about one-sixth of it. In 
half an hour, perceiving no effect, I took another dose of equal quantity. In less 
than half an hour I began to feel the same sensation that I had experienced when 
eating the pulp. By about 8 o’clock in the evening the symptoms were as follows: 
Headache, fulness and pressure in and over the eyes, in the forehead, and extend- 
ing to the top of the head, with occasional shooting pains; scraping burning in 
the roof of the mouth, extending to the uvula; drawing pain in the uvula and 
tonsils, particularly the right side; right tonsil very much inflamed and of a 
purple color ; sensation of fulness in the stomach, with slight nausea; pain in the 
lower parts of the abdomen ; pain in the small of the back. By Monday morn- 
ing, December 2d, these symptoms had all disappeared, leaving a tickling in the 
throat, producing a cough, which continued to increase all day, and in the even- 
ing was one of the worst hard, dry coughs I ever had. By Tuesday morning, De- 
cember 3d, the cough had almost entirely left me (without having taken anything 
to arrest it), and by evening I was entirely well. I'intended prosecuting my 
experiment, and should have commenced again taking it yesterday but for sick- 
ness in my family. I do not know of this tree ever having been used medicinally 
in any practice. If you know anything about its properties I shall be pleased if 
you will inform me; or if you can give me any information as to the best mode 
of preparing or testing it you will confer a favor on, 
Yours, most respectfully, 
Chas. Sellers. 
Dr. P. H. Hale and Dr. Delarnater have used it in several 
eases of sore throat similar to the above described with excellent 
results. Dr. Delarnater says he considers a bluish appearance of 
the throat characteristic. 
The following remarks of Dr. Hering are here presented as the 
best indications which I can obtain: 
We may give the Gymnocladus in cases of cough accompanied or followed by 
tonsillitis ; in erysipelas of the face where the malady is not reached by the better- 
known drugs; even in scarlet fever, in so-called hives, and (where I expect the 
greatest utility from it) in typhoid fevers, remittent or intermittent epidemic 
fevers with a typhoid charactei*, or, as I would prefer calling it, with the erysipe- 
latous character. We have had such epidemics in America, and had great diffi- GYMNOCLADUS—GUACO. 
333 
culty in finding the true specific for the whole epidemic, and have been obliged 
to tumble about between the narcotic Solanae, the Rhus and mineral acids, and 
the patients have lingered, notwitstanding the greatest care, for weeks. This ought 
not to be so, and I hope if such epidemics ever appear again the Gymnocladus 
will be found highly useful. If this should prove to be the case, all the labor 
and suffering of the provers will be insignificant in comparison with the relief of 
a single patient. If this happens next year, in ten or a hundred years, what is 
time ? 
The curious are referred to Dr. Hering’s elaborate analysis of 
these provings, in the first volume of the “North American Jour- 
nal of Homoeopathy,” 1851. 
GUACO, 
This is one of those South American plants which possess cura- 
tive virtues, doubtless of a specific character, worthy of our close 
study. The plants of the tropics are supposed to be far more vir- 
ulent than their relatives of the temperate regions belonging to the 
same botanical family. 
This climbing plant, “Liane,” is known to botanists by the name 
of Mikania guaco. It has been asserted by some writers that there 
is a probability that the notorious “ Cundurango ” is the same as 
the Guaco. The similarity in the alleged curative action of the 
two plants, and their similar appearance, doubtless gave rise to this 
supposition. 
The Guaco has been but little used in this country. I have 
never used it in my practice, nor do I know of any clinical expe- 
rience with it in the hands of my colleagues. Dr. Elb, of Dresden, 
Germany, published provings and a pathogenesis of the medicine, 
but a translation has not been made. 
Dr. Elb recommends it very highly in spinal diseases, and gives 
us full indications for its use in those affections. These indications 
you will find in my “ Symptomatology of New Remedies.” Its 
action seems to be analogous to Laehesis, Naja, and Crotalus. It 
has a great reputation in South America as an antidote to bites of 
venomous serpents. It has been used successfully in the treatment 
of cholera, syphilis, old ulcers, apoplexy, paralysis, etc. 334 
GUARiEA—HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. 
GUARJEA. 
This medicine is prepared from the bark of a tree growing in 
the Antilles, and called by the natives “ Ball-wood.” The patho- 
genesis published in the “Symptomatology of New Remedies” is 
made up from provings by Dr. Petroz. 
Its sphere of action, as deduced from the symptoms, would ap- 
, pear to include the brain and spinal cord, upon which it acts as an 
irritant. It also acts upon the bones and the mucous surfaces of 
the respiratory organs. It has a direct affinity for the nerves of the 
larynx, and in this respect resembles Lachesis, Drosera, Coral- 
lium, Ipecac.,and Belladonna. It somewhat resembles the remedy 
last treated, the Guaco, in its similarity to the symptoms of serpent- 
poisoning. 
Among the diseases which it is said to cure are spasmodic cough, 
asthma of Millar, conjunctivitis, lupus, dysentery, fetid lochia, in- 
efficient, labor-pains, menorrhagia, chronic constipation, intermittent 
fever, dry eruptions, hysterical tetanus, convulsions of children, pa- 
ralysis, and caries of the hones. 
I am not aware that American physicians have used the Gua- 
rsea to any extent, and I have had no personal experience with it. 
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. 
This is an indigenous shrub, sometimes called Witch-hazel, 
Snapping hazelnut, Spotted alder, etc. It consists of several 
crooked, branching trunks from the same root, from one to two 
inches in diameter, ten or twelve feet in height, and covered with 
a smooth, gray, and spotted bark. It is a much larger shrub than 
the edible hazelnut, which has a straight trunk, not spotted, but 
brownish. The Hamamelis virginica grows in almost all sections 
of the United States, especially in damp woods, flowering from 
September to November, when the leaves are falling, and matur- 
ing the seeds the next summer. The bark and leaves are the parts 
used in medicine. They have a pleasant, aromatic odor, and a bit- 
ter, astringent taste, leaving a sense of pungency and sweetness in 
the mouth. Water extracts their virtues. The shoots are used 
as “ divining rods ” to discover water and metals under ground, 335 
HAMAMELIS YIRGINICA. 
by certain adepts in the occult arts. They have been used, also, 
by certain superstitious quacks for the cure of old ulcers, etc., by 
rubbing them on the diseased surface. Strange as it may seem, 
cures are alleged to have been made in this manner. There has 
always been a large amount of superstition connected with this 
shrub. The popular preparation known as “ Pond’s Extract of 
Hamamelis” is made from the leaves and twigs, by a process of 
distillation. It is now used by all schools of medicine as an ano- 
dyne application. It cannot be expected, however, that it will re- 
lieve or benefit all the diseases mentioned on the extensive labels 
of the manufacturer, and the physician who pins his faith there- 
upon will be disappointed. 
The portion used in medicine is the bark of the branches and 
roots. The leaves and small twigs contain a proportion of the 
qualities of the shrub. A concentrated principle is obtained from 
the bark, and known as llamamelin. It does not contain all the 
properties of the tincture. The article known as “ Pond’s Ex- 
tract,” also the “ Distilled Extract,” prepared by some pharma- 
ceutists, is largely used in our school, administered internally as 
well as by external application. For internal use, however, we 
should use the tincture of the fresh bark. 
The Hamamelis has been used in homoeopathic practice for 
about twenty years. Several physicians claim the honor of intro- 
ducing it into our practice, among whom are Hering, Okie and 
Preston. I believe Dr. Okie was the first to write concerning the 
medicine, but he says Dr. Hering first called his attention to the 
remedy. 
Dr. Hering, it seems, became acquainted with its alleged vir- 
tues while attending Mr. Pond, the manufacturer of the “ Ex- 
tract ” which bears his name. Dr. Okie says : “ Hering proceeded 
at once, by scientific trials, to discern for himself whether the rem- 
edy did or did not possess any or all of the virtues attributed to 
it by the proprietor.” Dr. Hering recommended it for “ chronic 
effects from mechanical injuries,” “painful and bleeding haemor- 
rhoids,” “severe pleuritic stitches supervening on tubercular 
phthisis.” He thinks it is like a “ union of Aconite and Arnica.” 
The various provings of Hamamelis, although none of them are 
as full and thorough as they ought to be, together with the ex- 336 
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. 
tensive clinical experience with the medicine in all its prepara- 
tions, has greatly enlarged our knowledge of its sphere of action 
since its first introduction. That sphere of action is, however, 
very limited. 
Its action seems to be confined almost altogether to the venous 
system of bloodvessels. It may be called the Aconite of the veins, 
acting upon those vessels as Aconite acts upon the arteries. Its 
primary action appears to cause a spasm of the vasomotor nerves 
which supply the veins (if a drug is capable of causing a spasm of 
those nerves, and not, at the same time, those of the arteries). It 
also acts as an irritant to those vessels to such an extent as to 
cause a condition favorable to, if not actually ending in inflamma- 
tion of their coats. The secondary action leads to the other ex- 
treme, and we have paresis of those nerves, and thence paralysis 
of the coats of the veins, leading to varicosis, venous congestion, 
haemorrhages, and even structural lesions. 
It is primarily homoeopathic, then, to phlebitis, not only of the 
venous system generally, but of the venous system of the lungs, 
and the venous side of the heart. It is also indicated for certain 
anomalous pains (supposed to be neuralgic) which arise from dis- 
eases of the veins. In these diseases it should be used internally 
in the medium dilutions, and not very strong externally. 
It is homoeopathic, secondarily, to venous congestion or stagna- 
tion ; to dilatation, paralysis, and rupture of the coats of the veins; 
to varicose ulcers; and many diseases depending on venous ob- 
struction. 
When I enumerate the various disorders for which the Hama- 
melis is recommended, you will see that they can nearly all be 
included under the above category. 
Dr. Hughes, one of England’s most acute medical observers, 
gives in the following quotation some symptoms brought on by 
its use. They seem to show that in causing contraction of the 
veins of the head, it indirectly caused some arterial engorgement, 
a condition not unlikely to follow arrest of venous haemorrhage. 
Dr. II. Hughes, in giving his experience with this remedy, 
says: 
I have the greatest confidence in Hamamelis in phlebitis, in the various forms 
of varicosus, and in venous haemorrhage. It is not always successful in phleg- HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. 
337 
masia alba dolens, but there is good reason to believe that in this disorder the 
mischief is as often in the lymphatics as in the veins. In varicose veins of the 
leg I conjoin its external with its internal use, laying strips of calico soaked in 
a weak lotion of one part to twenty, along the enlarged vessels, and supporting 
all with a bandage. The pain is relieved and the veins much reduced in size. 
In “ bleeding piles ” the first or second dilution of Hamamelis is a most valuable 
remedy. In passive hsemorrhage from all parts, whether nose, lungs, stomach, 
or bowels, I have the utmost confidence in its use. I think that the haemorrhages 
it cures depend rather upon the state of the bloodvessels than on that of the blood. 
Its value in varicosus, and the absence of any report of its curative action in pur- 
pura, point in this direction. The following, moreover, is a casein point: I 
was treating a young lady suffering from a complication of disorders, amongst 
which were almost daily epistaxis and throbbing headache. To check the epis- 
taxis, I put a few drops of the mother tincture of Hamamelis in a tumblerful of 
water, and ordered a dessertspoonful to be administered alternately with the China, 
which was being administered for the headache. The first dose of Hamamelis was 
followed by a flushing of the face, the most distressing throbbing, aching, and sense 
of fulness in the head. These symptoms gradually subsided, and the interme- 
diate dose of China was taken without any appreciable result. The second dose 
of Hamamelis, however, was immediately followed by the same symptoms as at 
first, the head feeling as if it would burst. I stopped the remedy, and the epis- 
taxis recurred next morning as usual. In a day or two I resumed it, giving it in 
the third decimal dilution. Again the dilatation of the cerebral vessels took 
place, though the symptoms were not as severe as on the first occasion. This 
patient has been very sensitive to all medicines, but I see no reason to suppose 
the effect of Hamamelis upon her to be exceptional otherwise than regards quan- 
tity. 
In menorrhagia I think Hamamelis less often useful than Ipecacuanha, Sabina, 
and Secale. In hsematuria, also, it yields to Terebinthina and Ferrum muriati- 
cum, probably because this hsemorrhage is dependent more frequently upon the 
state of the renal or vesical tissue, than upon that of their bloodvessels. 
Of the remedies mentioned by Hughes as controlling haemor- 
rhages none affect directly the veins as does Hamamelis. 
Of its real action on the brain we know but little. It may be 
supposed, from analogy, to cause the same conditions there as else- 
where. Hr. Hughes’s experiment seems to prove that some arte- 
rial congestion may be temporarily caused by it. 
The symptoms would seem to indicate a condition of passive 
congestion or venous stagnation. In headache, preceding epis- 
taxis, this may prove an excellent remedy. Many cases are only 
relieved by bleeding from the nose. The Hamamelis acts by re- 
moving the cause, and in this manner arrests the bleeding, if 
present, and removes the condition upon which it depends. We 338 
HAMAMELIS YIRGINICA. 
have but little clinical testimony as to its value in cephalalgia. 
It will probably never be found as useful as Belladonna, Aconite, 
or Gelseminum. 
We have found in the various journals nearly a hundred cases 
of epistaxis, some of them of an alarming character, which were 
promptly arrested by the use of Hamamelis in some form. Dr. 
Belcher cured a severe case in a boy aged fourteen, with Hama- 
melis 3d, one-eighth of a drop. The bleeding had not returned 
several months after. 
Dr. Preston, in an article on venous hsemorrhages, writes: 
Epistaxis, or bleeding from the nose, forms the most common haemorrhage of 
childhood, and in a great proportion of cases is simple and perfectly harmless. 
When it is dependent upon active congestion it is usually arterial and proves its 
own remedy; when it is the result of mechanical congestion, or forms one of the 
developments of the haemorrhagic diathesis, it is passive and probably venous. 
Dr. Preston gives an interesting case illustrating its treatment 
with Hamamelis: 
An old gentleman, hemiplegic, who had been subject to occasional attacks of 
haemorrhage from the nose, often profuse and very debilitating, and on several 
occasions requiring Mr. Abernethy’s operation of plugging the nostrils before 
it could be stopped. He had now been afflicted at intervals of several days with 
slight oozing of very dark blood from the Schneideriah membrane, particularly 
three times a day, shortly after meals, corresponding to the rhythmical exacerba- 
tion of the pulse. After the afternoon meal the bleeding was very profuse. He 
was able to walk about, but complained of feeling very weak and faint, with oc- 
casional vertigo or confusion of ideas; his countenance was pale, and his pulse 
decidedly haemorrhagic. I ordered him home, and to keep perfectly quiet; to 
use a strong nourishing diet, with wine at each meal, and gave him China and 
Hamamelis 3d, in alternation, every two hours. I was sent for to his house in 
the afternoon and evening, and the bleeding had been almost constant, but slowly 
oozing from his nose since he got home; by evening he was too weak and faint 
to sit up, but lay in bed with his head raised; gave China and Hamamelis 1st. 
The haemorrhage increased, however, all the next day, when small pieces of linen 
were wet with Hamamelis and rolled funnel-shaped and pushed up the nostrils. 
No more haemorrhage, and in three days he was able to go about his business. 
It has been used with benefit in haemorrhage from the buccal 
cavity, and that form which occurs after extraction of the teeth. 
Also for scalding of the tongue and mucous membrane of the 
mouth and fauces. 
Dr. Holcombe once reported two cases of conjunctivitis treated HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. 
339 
successfully by Hamamelis internally, and as a collyrium. In one 
case it was caused by the contact of a “ puff of flame,” in the other 
by a “splinter in the upper palpebral conjunctiva.” 
It would seem to be indicated for the effects of injuries to the 
eye. In whooping-cough the eyeball becomes congested from the 
violence of the concussion, and small vessels are ruptured. Hama- 
melis soon dissipates these extravasations. Pond’s Extract has quite 
a reputation for black eye from a bruise. 
There is a condition of the fauces and throat which might not 
inaptly be designated a varicose angina. The posterior fauces, uvula, 
and pharynx are of a bluish hue, caused by distended veins which 
ramify on the surface; this causes a fulness, with cough, and pain 
on swallowing, and sometimes hawking of dark-colored blood 
mixed with mucus. In cases of this character the internal and 
topical use of Hamamelis proves curative. 
In hcema,temesis, when the blood is dark andgrumous, and arises 
from derangement of the liver or spleen, this remedy, in apprecia- 
ble doses, will promptly arrest it. In haemorrhage from the 
stomach, from ulceration, or other causes having a local origin, I 
prefer Sulphuric acid. 
In melcena, or haemorrhage from the bowels, it is not useful 
unless caused by a congestion of the portal system, either direct or 
indirect. 
Such haemorrhages often occur during the progress of hepatic 
derangements, and arise from ruptured portal veins. The haem- 
orrhage may come from high up in the intestines, or, what is more 
commonly the case, from the haemorrhoidal veins. 
In fact, it is in congestion, inflammation, and bleeding of haem- 
orrhoidal vessels that the Hamamelis has gained its greatest popu- 
larity. It is prescribed internally in doses suited to the severity 
of the case (a less quantity in inflammation and congestion than 
in actual haemorrhage), and a lotion of Pond’s Extract, or dilute 
tincture, applied externally or injected into the rectum. It is 
claimed by eclectics that this anti-haemorrhagic power is due to 
the large percentage of Tannin it contains. 
In 7000 grains organic and inorganic matter found in the bark, 
400 grains is Tannin, 1038 is a “ particular bitter principle,” and 
the balance consists of the ordinary solids found in all vegetable 340 
HAMAMELIS YIRGINICA. 
substances. The chief medicinal power doubtless lies in the bit- 
ter principle. The Tannin plays but an unimportant part in the 
curative action, for Tannin alone, nor Gallic acid, have any such 
specific action on the system. 
Dr. Preston asserts that he succeeded in checking haemorrhage 
from ulcerating carcinoma of the bowels by means of this remedy. 
In certain kinds of dysentery, many physicians use it with good 
results. The testimony is, however, that the blood is usually dark, 
in clots or patches, scattered through the mucus. (On the con- 
trary, in the dysentery of Ipecac., Aconite, and Erigeron, the blood 
is bright red and often fluid.) 
In hcemorrhoidal dysentery, which is really a phlebitis of the 
heemorrhoidal vessels, the Hamamelis is truly specific. In this 
disease it rivals Aloes, with which it possesses many qualities in 
com mon. 
In diarrhoea, the Hamamelis is said to have been found useful, 
but the indications for its use are not ascertained. It will require 
more extended provings and clinical experiments to establish its 
applicability to diarrhoea. I would suggest that it might be useful 
in mucous and serous discharges arising from derangement of the 
portal system. 
It is in hcEmorrhoids that the Hamamelis has achieved some of 
its greatest victories. It seems to have extraordinary powders 
over this disease, not only as externally manifested in the form 
of heemorrhoidal tumors, but against the primary cause, which is 
often located in the portal system. It has been used in this af- 
fection from the earliest history of our country. The aborigines 
first imparted a knowledge of its curative virtues to the first set- 
tlers. It is mentioned as a remedy for piles, used externally, iu 
the works of the early “ botanic ” physicians. When Pond 
first sold his extract, it was recommended particularly for this 
complaint. Dr. Hering was Pond’s family physician, and was 
induced by him to try its efficacy in some diseases. In 1850 Dr. 
Hering informed Dr. Bushman, a pupil of Dr. Okie, that he had 
used it successfully in “painful and bleeding haemorrhoids.” Dr. 
Okie was then induced to try its virtues, and in a letter to Hering, 
published in 1853, he says: 
I next made use of the Hamamelis in a number of cases of painful and bleed- HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. 
341 
ing piles. Those cases in which it has proved most beneficial in my hands are 
characterized by burning soreness, fulness, and, at times, rawness of the anus; in 
the back a weakness or weariness, or, as the patients graphically express it, “ Doc- 
tor, my back feels as if it would break off.” The haemorrhage is generally pro- 
fuse, and I have in several instances seen this latter symptom cured completely, 
with shrinking of the overloaded hsemorrhoidal vessels so that the full, pouting 
look of the anus was changed to its own more natural, demure pucker, while the 
burning and itching, depending more upon cutaneous irritability, or some her- 
petic taint, still remained. I have here, likewise, made a wash of the remedy, 
applying it externally, while giving it internally in the more dilute form. Mr. 
T., a highly respected agriculturist, somewhere in the fifties, had been troubled 
with painful and bleeding piles for a number of years. On examination I found 
the anus surrounded with a crop of tumid hsemorrhoidal veins, bluish in color, 
and the whole anus encircled with a red, erythemic halo. I found that he suf- 
fered with “ backache,” has a “ pasty ” mouth, digestion tolerable, was not much 
constipated. I gave Hamamelis, first dilution, six drops night and morning, 
and applied a lotion of one-third of the remedy and two-thirds distilled water. 
In a fortnight he called again, and I found him much relieved. I repeated the 
prescription, to be taken once a day, since which time he has remained well. 
In hsemorrhoidal troubles, the true analogues of Hamamelis 
are Aloes, iEsculus, Collinsonia, Nux vomica, Sepia, and Sulphur. 
It is used externally as a cerate, ointment, and lotion, and at the 
same time prescribed internally. 
I do not believe it capable of curing long-standing cases of 
haemorrhoids, even when they are not of a character requiring 
surgical treatment, and for the reason that Hamamelis is not a 
medicine that affects the system deeply or profoundly; its effects 
do not tend to assume a chronic character. In the treatment of 
chronic cases its proper sphere is that of an aid to the profounder 
curative action of Nux, Sulphur, Nitric acid and Podophyllum. 
In this respect it resembles HCsculus, Aloes, and Collinsonia. 
Its action on the urinary organs has not been sufficiently 
studied. Does it cause and cure the same conditions in the kid- 
neys that it does elsewhere ? Is there a venous engorgement of 
the kidneys calling for its use ? Can we diagnose a venous hsema- 
turia from one of arterial origin ? Is there a phlebitis of the kid- 
neys? Is Hamamelis indicated in any stage of Bright’s disease? 
I confess I am unable to answer these questions. Nor can 
they be answered till we shall poison animals with Hamamelis, 
and then make minute dissections and microscopical examinations 342 
HAMAMELIS VIEGINICA. 
of those organs, as Dr. Jacobi, of New York, did in his experi- 
ments with Turpentine. 
Many cases of hcematuria and “bloody urine” have been re- 
ported cured by Hamamelis, but of their exact nature we are ig- 
norant. I prefer Millefoil, Turpentine, or Gallic acid. I doubt 
its value in any inflammation of the bladder or urethra, although 
it is recommended in strangury and irritable urethra. 
In some of the disorders of the organs of generation of women 
it has been found curative, namely, in some cases of metrorrhagia 
and vicarious menstruation. When the metrorrhagia occurs mid- 
way between the menstrual periods, and the blood has all the 
appearance of venous blood, or has been preceded by venous 
plethora, it is specific. 
It may be useful in menorrhagia when the same abnormal con- 
dition precedes the flow, but in simple excess of the menses it is 
not indicated. 
When the vicarious discharge is from the lungs, bowels, or 
hasmorrhoidal vessels, here, too, is the Hamamelis indicated. 
In leucorrhcea it is a domestic remedy which has always been 
popular. It is generally used in the form of a decoction of the 
bark and leaves, or as Pond’s Extract. Many of my patients 
habitually resort to one of the distilled extracts now in use, as an 
injection in leucorrhcea. 
Dr. Paine (eclectic) says he has known Hamamelis to cause 
“ violent contractions of the vagina, and a smarting-burning sen- 
sation, followed by prurigo.” He asserts that it will cure u irri- 
tations of the vagina.” Taking this as indication, I have tried 
this remedy in vaginismus. It did not cure my cases, although 
the patients thought it gave some relief from the abnormal sen- 
sitiveness when used as an injection or in the form of a cerate. 
In pruritus, Pond’s Extract will often give relief when used as 
a wash, but it is not as effectual as a lotion of Borax or Carbolic 
acid. 
Dr. Okie first used it in ovarian diseases. He reported a cure 
of ovaritis from a blow on the abdomen. There were violent 
pains, at times in the swollen and tender ovary, at other times 
radiating all over the abdomen, producing an agonizing soreness; 
menses irregular, with an aggravation of the ovarian pains at the 343 
HAMAMELIS VIEGINICA. 
period. There was also exquisite tenderness of the vagina and os 
uteri, the latter very sensitive and swollen, as was the ovary when 
touched per vaginam. 
It has become a very popular remedy, both internally and as a 
lotion, in all kinds of ovarian disorders with tenderness, pain, and 
swelling. You will not find it a specific in all cases, or any large 
proportion of them. The special pathological condition of the 
ovary calling for Hamamelis cannot at present be definitely stated, 
but it occurs to me that it may be some trouble with the veins 
which return the blood from those organs. 
Dysmenorrhoea has been treated successfully with Hamamelis, 
according to Burnett, Pattison, and some others, but I have not 
heard of its use of late in that disorder. Caulophyllum, Xanth- 
oxylum, and Yiburnum are so superior to it that it has probably 
fallen into disuse. 
Dr. Pattison, of England, makes a curious assertion, that Hama- 
melin possesses a peculiar power almost sui generis in assuaging 
the pain and preventing the periodical sufferings, while the tinc- 
ture possesses none of this power. It is not easy to understand 
why an “ active principle” of a plant can possess power differing 
from the tincture. 
You will find one of the extracts very useful in allaying the 
pain and tenderness of varicose veins in the limbs of pregnant 
women. I have seen equally good effects from its use, internally 
and topically, in 'phlegmasia alba dolens, when the pathological 
condition is a phlebitis, and not a lymphangeitis. The two condi- 
tions are often confounded, for, as Dr. Preston says, milk-leg is 
as often an affection of the lymphatics as the veins. 
As might be expected, the Hamamelis affects the organs of gen- 
eration of men. The testicles are homologous to the ovaries, and 
it has a deservedly high reputation in orchitis when arising from 
injuries (where it rivals Arnica) or from idiopathic inflammation. 
It is not as useful in orchitis from metastasis of gonorrhoea, in 
which case Pulsatilla and Clematis are more appropriate. 
The symptoms in Burts’s proving indicating its use in sperma- 
torrhoea have not been verified, and unless turgescence or inflam- 
mation of the spermatic veins is at the bottom of the disorder I do 
not imagine it will prove useful. 344 
HAMAMELIS VIRGIXICA. 
In neuralgia of the testicles, as well as ovarian neuralgia, it may- 
pro ve palliative, but I have not known any cures performed by 
Hamamelis. 
Cirsocele, or varicosis of the spermatic veins, has been treated 
successfully by lotions of Pond’s Extract, or dilute tincture, the 
same being given internally. 
If there is such a disease as pulmonary phlebitis, as suggested by 
Preston, who surmises that many cases of “ quick consumption ” 
are of that character, the Ilamamelis ought to prove curative 
for it. 
He supposes it to arise from local injuries to veins in distant 
portions of the body, or to the absorption of pus into the veins. 
In the former case I would advise it to be alternated with Arnica; 
in the latter with Carbolic acid. 
Hamamelis has cured cough and haemoptysis, with a taste of 
Sulphur in the mouth, and dull frontal headache. Also, ‘‘tick- 
ling cough, with a taste of blood on waking.” In hcemoptysis it 
is considered by some to be a remedy par excellence, applicable to 
nearly all cases; but this is going too far. It can never take the 
place of Aconite, Collinsonia, Cactus, or Lycopus. Dr. Preston 
(“ Diseases of Veins ”) says: 
In general we look upon Hamamelis as a specific for passive venous haemor- 
rhages, and we have seen it successful in arresting this particular form of bleed- 
ing from the pulmonary mucous membrane; but we speak only from a few years’ 
experience, and that of a few observers, and therefore we must be impartial 
enough to mention a few of those remedies which other practitioners have 
recommended as useful in the cure of some forms of haemoptysis: Aconite, Ipe- 
cac., Ferrum aceticum, Arnica, Millefoil, etc. Dr. E. M. Payne reports the fol- 
lowing case: A young lady, aged 16, was seized while at school, and without any 
premonitory symptoms, with blood-spitting. The patient was of slender build, 
light hair, blue eyes, fair complexion, lax fibre, and phthisical diathesis; menses 
regular and normal. The blood-spitting commenced with a slight hack, and con- 
tinued, with scarcely a moment’s intermission, up to the time of my visit, a period 
of nearly an hour. I found her lying upon a sofa, calm, with a napkin in hand 
nearly saturated with apparently pure venous blood, and spitting about the amount 
of a teaspoonful at intervals of one or two minutes. The blood came into the 
mouth without any effort. She described it as issuing about ten inches below 
the right clavicle, in a warm current, making apparently a tortuous course, and at 
the same time there was a sensation in that region as from the pressure of a hard 
body. Pulse somewhat accelerated—eighty-five. Ferrum aceticum was given, 
but caused no improvement in three hours. Millefolium, Aconite, Ipecac., and HAMAMELIS YIRGINICA. 
345 
Belladonna caused no amelioration. Hamamelis, four drops of the tincture to 
half a tumbler of water. A spoonful was given. The bleeding immediately 
ceased, and did not afterwards return. I have never used the Hamamelis suc- 
cessfully in cases of blood-spitting when the blood was of light-red, fluid, frothy in 
appearance, or raised by much cough. 
Do not forget the value of Hamamelis in haemoptysis, when it 
is vicarious, from non-appearance of the menses, alone or in alter- 
nation with Senecio. 
The greatest triumph of Hamamelis has been in the treatment 
of vctricosus of the limbs. Dr. Preston, writing on varicosus, re- 
marks •* 
Homoeopathy has, as in many other cases, directed us to a specific remedy 
which, in my practice, as well as in that of a number of my colleagues in this 
section of the country, has been attended with uniform success in the treatment 
of this annoying disease. Since 1851 (six years) I have prescribed Hamamelis 
in upwards of fifty cases of varicose veins of the lower limbs, and in no single 
case has it failed to make a decided curative impression ; but in the great ma- 
jority of cases it has, thus far, at least, proved a radical cure. My plan is: First, 
to bandage the limb tightly, from the arch of the foot to a little above the knee, 
or to the hips if the varices are above the knee, and the best bandage in my 
opinion is an elastic silk stocking, manufactured for the purpose. Under this, 
compresses of linen are laid ovei the dilated veins, and kept wet with Hama- 
melis tincture, or Pond’s Extract. I give the 3d dilution internally, two or three 
times a day. Some few cases, with large, indolent ulcers on the tibia or malleo- 
lus, have been under treatment a year, but most of them have been cured, or, at 
least, have disappeared, in less than half that time. The crowning point of its 
virtues (Hamamelis) rests in its peculiar prompt action in cases of phlegmasia 
alba dolens, and in varicose veins. In old cases of varicosus I have never seen 
its equal, and have cured many cases of varicose veins of the leg and foot which 
had resisted all other treatment for years. 
Dr. Belcher reports several cases of varices, in pregnant women, 
cured by Hamamelis. (See cases under “ Organs of Generation 
of Women.”) Dr. Barrows found this remedy a valuable auxil- 
iary in the treatment of a child with the following symptoms : “ In- 
flammation of the femoral vein, with the erysipelas spot near the 
groin, and over the vein, spreading over nearly one-half the thigh, 
with flexion of the leg ; swelling of the entire leg and foot, with 
tension ; heat and pale appearance of the limbs ; scanty urine, stiff- 
ening the linen (albuminous); tympanites; oedema of the whole 
body, limbs and face. Calcarea, Hepar sulphur, and other reme- 
vol. ii.—23 346 
HAMAMELIS YIRGINICA—HECLA LAVA. 
dies were used.” (See case in full, in the “ North American Jour- 
nal,” vol. vi, page 317.) 
The “Homoeopathic Review” for April, 1864, contains a case 
of phlebitis, reported bv Dr. H. Robinson, Jr., cured by Hamamelis. 
The symptoms were: “ Great pain in the right leg, from the knee 
to the hip; leg much swollen, and quite sensitive to the touch. 
The cutaneous veins were hard, knotty, swollen, and painful. The 
skin erysipelatous ; pulse small and wiry; much thirst and no ap- 
petite ; bowels costive; urine red and scanty ; veins of the abdo- 
men hard, like cords, red and painful. Gave Hamamelis 1st, 
five drops in half a goblet of water.” Cured in ten days. 
Some physicians consider the Hamamelis of the greatest advan- 
tage in all cases of articular rheumatism, with swollen and painful 
joints; as a local application, it seems to possess decided anodyne 
properties. They advise that cloths or cotton-wool, wet in the 
dilute tincture, be applied constantly to the affected parts. I do 
not believe it has any curative power over rheumatic affections. 
The remedies most closely allied to Hamamelis in haemorrhages 
are Lycopus, Collinsonia, Trillium, and Pulsatilla. 
HECLA LAVA. 
This medicine, made by triturating the lava thrown up from 
Mount Hecla, was first introduced into practice by Dr. Wilkin- 
son, of London. He narrated his experience in a letter to Dr. 
Holcombe, who read the letter before the American Institute in 
1870. 
It appears, according to local observers, that the horses, sheep, 
cows, etc., in the vicinity of the mountain, became diseased from 
eating the herbage upon which the scoriae had fallen. It affects 
the bones principally, causing immense exostoses, caries, etc., par- 
ticularly of the bones of the head,jaws, teeth, and legs. 
It has been used successfully in both high and low potencies in 
similar diseases by Drs. Holcombe, Helmuth, Cate, and Thomp- 
son. 
I have had no experience with the remedy. HEDEOMA. 
347 
HEDEOMA. 
The plant which I allude to under this name and its common 
name Pennyroyal, is not the Mentha, pulegium of Europe, also 
called Pennyroyal, but the Hedeoma pulegioides, or American 
Pennyroyal. It is a little singular that since the publication by 
Dr. Toothacher of the interesting and serious case of poisoning by 
the oil (see “ Philadelphia Journal of Homoeopathy,” vol. ii, p. 
18), and since my mention of it in “ New Remedies ” ten years ago, 
no clinical experience with it has been published in this country. 
I believe it has been used by some English homoeopathists. I 
have used it in some disorders of women, in which I believe it 
rivals Sabina. 
If you will study the pathogenesis or characteristic symptoms, 
in Vol. I, you will see that it corresponds to many symptoms of 
uterine disorders. 
The most popular uses of the Oil of pennyroyal are for suppres- 
sion of the menses, flatulent colic, and effects of a cold. It has 
been resorted to for the criminal purpose of causing miscarriage, as 
in Dr. Toothacher’s case of poisoning. 
The symptoms evolved by the case referred to indicate that it is 
primarily homoeopathic to dysmenorrhcea, threatened abortion, uter- 
ine spasms, uterine haemorrhage, and acrid leucorrhoea. I make no 
doubt it is secondarily homoeopathic to those conditions in which 
it is so much used as a domestic remedy, namely: suppressed menses 
from a cold, suppressed lochia, and passive congestion of the 
uterus and ovaries. 
I am inclined to believe that it affects the spinal cord as an ir- 
ritant in a manner similar to Turpentine and Tanacetum, and that 
it affects the uterus through the spinal nerves. 
The uterine symptoms are quite notable, e. g., “ excessive bear- 
ing-down pains, with pressure outward from the whole lower abdo- 
men to the utero-vaginal region ; drawing down from the upper 
sacral spine to the uterus, also from the epigastrium ; these pains 
are periodical, like true labor pains, and almost unendurable, 
greatly aggravated by movement, and attended by a sense of weak- 
ness or paralysis in the limbs; leucorrhoea, itching and burning; 348 
HEDEOMA—IIEEONIAS DIOICA. 
discharge yellow, excoriating ; soreness and excessive sensitiveness 
to pressure over both ovaries.” 
You may find it curative in ovaritis from suppressed menses, or 
from miscarriage. 
The symptoms of the urinary organs are quite important, show- 
ing it to be an analogue of Turpentine, Cantharis, Erigeron, etc. 
It caused suppression of urine, tenesmus, painful urination, 
scanty urination with frequent and urging desire, cutting-burn- 
ing pains in the urethra or at the sphincter urinarius, sense of 
weight when passing water, urine very dark, like black tea. 
It seems to have caused inflammation of the kidneys and bladder, 
in fact the whole urinary apparatus. Such inflammatory condi- 
tions usually attend metritis and ovaritis. The last symptom— 
“ very dark urine, like black tea ”—indicates that blood was present 
in the urine. Such urine is very common after scarlatina, and in- 
dicates serious disease of the kidneys. It may prove useful in ure- 
thritis, gonorrhoea, gleet, and orchitis. 
It may prove useful in lumbago, in paralysis of the lower limbs 
from reflex causes, as uterine or renal disease. 
It certainly relieves the flatulent colic of children and adults, and 
may be as useful as Turpentine in tympanites, whether from intes- 
tinal disease or uterine inflammation. 
The dose will vary with the symptoms. For its primary effects, 
use the 3d to 6th dilutions of the oil; when indicated secondarily, 
use the 1st or mother tincture from the plant. 
HELONIAS DIOICA. 
It is to be regretted that botanists are frequently changing the 
generic names of plants. This plant has had four names. The 
present one, sanctioned by Professor Gray, is Chcimodirium luteum. 
I propose not to change its name, as it would cause more confu- 
sion with physicians than with botanists. 
In the first volume you will find an account of its common 
names, which are, unfortunately, the same as those given to the 
Aletris farinosa. 
Provings have been made by Drs. Burr, S. A. Jones, Clark, 
and Paine. The latter authority is an eclectic, who gave it in 
large doses. He says: 349 
HELONIAS DIOICA. 
When taken in doses of from five to fifteen grains it acts as an emeto-cathartic, 
producing a griping, burning sensation in the epigastrium, and great activity of the 
salivary glands. Indeed, I have known the most perfect salivation to follow the 
use of large doses of Helonin. In doses of from one to five grains it produces an 
irritability of the stomach, and slight purging, with a burning sensation in the bowels, 
irritation of the urethra, pain in the kidneys, which is followed by albuminuria, indi- 
cating congestion, and large discharges of urine, with slightly increased specific 
gravity. 
It is to be regretted that such vague, general terms were used 
in the above. Had the symptoms been more minutely described? 
the observations would have been much more valuable. 
The remedies which the Helonias most resembles may be named 
in the order of their similarity : Aletris, Eupatorium purp., China, 
Ferrum, Hypophosphites of lime, etc., Hydrastis, Phosphoric 
acid, Senecio, Sepia, and Lilium. 
Although used extensively, and very popular with our school, 
it has not been sufficiently proven by women, whose organisms 
are most profoundly affected by it. 
Clinical Observations.—This medicine is a peculiar and 
powerful “ tonic,” or as Headland would have it “restorative.” 
It is considered particularly indicated when the disease has pro- 
ceeded (1) from diseases of the generative organs, (2) or from func- 
tional disorders of the stomach ; hence it is considered valuable in 
anaemia and chlorosis, in alternation with Ferrum; and in dys- 
pepsia, in alternation with Nux vomica if indicated. It does not 
belong to the China group, because it has no antiperiodic powers; 
nor does it cause a hyper-stimulation of the nervous and vascular 
systems like that powerful drug. Neither does it have much more 
affinity for the Nux vomica group, for it does not irritate the spinal 
system. It is more allied to the Phosphates of iron than any other 
article of the Materia Medica, while at the same time it has some 
points of resemblance to the members of both groups above referred 
to. China and N ux vomica, together with their analogues, cause a 
condition which may be described as increased tonicity of muscu- 
lar fibre. China brings about this condition through its influence 
upon the processes by which the blood is formed ; it probably 
tends to augment the quantity of that fluid and to render it richer. 
Thus, by its own operation upon the nutrition of the heart, 
and through the agency of the enriched blood, it gives greater 350 
HELONIAS DIOICA. 
energy to the contractions of that organ ; and hence the fuller 
and stronger pulse not unfrequently resulting from its moderate 
use. But in anaemia, chlorosis, and some other conditions of 
the system, China will not improve. Apparently the condition of 
the blood, or at least the tissues do not respond to the stimulus of 
the improved blood. Then it is that Ferrum or Nux vomica, 
given alternately with it, will place the diseased tissues in a con- 
dition to be benefited by the circulating fluid, and a cure is soon 
effected. Nux vomica increases the tonicity of tissues, mainly 
through its influence upon the spinal system. It is a spinal stim- 
ulant, and nearly all its therapeutic effects arise from this action. 
In a great many cases of atony of any organ or tissue of the body, 
this medicine will alone effect prompt and permanent cures; but, 
like China, it will sometimes fail, unless superseded or assisted by 
the action of China or Ferrum. There are also other instances 
wherein China, or Ferrum and Nux vomica, will fail to improve 
the abnormal conditions for which they seem indicated, and the 
Helonias will here come in play and be found very useful. He- 
lonias enriches the blood through its influence upon the nutritive 
process; not as Iron does, for Iron is a metallic substance, and a 
vegetable substance cannot act in the same manner. But Helo- 
nias does not act like China or Quinine, for the latter stimulates 
by its direct, primary action, while the former does not. 
Dr. S. A. Jones says: 
Of its efficacy in chlorosis and anaemia I have no positive data ; but there is 
one condition of blood-degeneration wherein Dr. J. A. Macomber employs it 
with unequivocal benefit, namely, in that profound debility which follows an at- 
tack of true diphtheria. 
Helonias has also an affinity for a group of remedies, among 
which stands prominently Terebinthina, Copaiva, Cantharis, Erig- 
eron, Phytolacca, Mercurius, Mitchella, etc. The point of anal- 
ogy is its action on the urinary organs, causing, by hyper-stimu- 
lation, congestive albuminuria and chronic irritation. 
A medicine capable of effecting great changes in the nutritive 
processes must have some general action on the glandular system. 
The specific action of Helonias on this system is undoubted. 
We find that it causes excessive irritation of the salivary glands; HELONIAS DIOICA. 
351 
excites the glandular system of the stomach, increasing its power 
of digesting and assimilating food; irritates the kidneys to the ex- 
tent of causing diabetes and albuminuria, and its action on the 
genital organs of both sexes indicates that it acts not alone on the 
muscular structure, but increases the action of the ovaries, tes- 
ticles, and glandular structure of the cervix uteri and vagina. It 
will probably be found to act on other glands, as the prostate, 
inguinal, mammary, pancreas, etc. 
Its action on the muscular system is not primary, but a residt 
of the increased nutrition brought about by the remedy. The ac- 
tion of Helonias on the nervous system I believe to be generally 
of a reflex character, or secondary. 
It is reflex when we have, from its pathogenetic action, an irri- 
tation of the urinary and genital organs. It is secondary when 
from the hyper-stimulation of those organs the nervous system 
has been hyper-stimulated so long that it becomes exhausted, and 
weak and irritable. The same may be said of the mental symp- 
toms of the drug-. In its action on the mind and nerves it resem- 
bles Sepia, Pulsatilla, Platinum,Lilium, and, perhaps, Cimicifuga. 
It differs from Lilium in its “ desire for solitude.” Itdiffers from 
Oimicifima in not causing: choreic movements. You will do wrell 
to study its nervous and mental symptoms in comparison with 
those of the remedies above named. It is a notable fact that the 
primary mental state caused by all these medicines is one of cheer- 
fulness, followed by a condition of continuous depression (Cim., 
Sep.), or alternate depression and exaltation (Plat., Lib, Puls.). 
The head symptoms remind us of Cimicifuga and Sepia, for the 
pains press from within upward, while the pains of Platinum and 
Ignatia are from above downward. 
It seems to affect the occipital region, for it has “occipital head- 
ache with throbbing in the vertex, increased by stooping, and at- 
tended by vertigo.” This form of headache often attends uterine 
complaints. 
In large doses, it causes intense irritation of the stomach, with 
burning pain, vomiting, and salivation. It ought to prove cura- 
tive in both idiopathic and reflex gastric irritation. [Subacute in- 
flammation, and vomiting of pregnancy.) 
A thorough proving would doubtless show that this medicine 
produces a long train of symptoms, beginning in /u/per-stimula- 352 
HELONIAS DIOICA. 
tion and ending in atony. I have found it very useful in idio- 
pathic diseases of the stomach, and especially in those sympathetic 
gastric disorders which accompany uterine and renal diseases. 
Loss of appetite, eructations, fulness, cramp, and painful conges- 
tion, with lowness of spirits, are the chief indications for its 
employment. 
The gastric symptoms resemble those of Aletris, and it has 
cured similar conditions. It has arrested the “ obstinate vomiting 
occurring in dropsy;” the dropsy was doubtless the result of 
Bright’s disease. 
The enteric symptoms have not been brought out fully in any 
proving. It is said to cause catharsis, but the special symptoms 
are wanting. I think you may find it useful in some diarrhoeas 
which attend renal and uterine disorders. It caused, in Dr. Jones’s 
proving, a yellow and mushlike diarrhoea. 
The action of Helonias on the kidneys has received much at- 
tention and study from eclectic and homoeopathic physicians— 
the former in a crude, unscientific manner, the latter in a more 
careful and methodic way. Dr. Paine (eclectic) asserts that it 
causes congestion of the kidneys with albuminuria, and claims to 
have cured albuminuria and glycosuria with Helonias. 
Some homoeopathic physicians claim nearly the same power for 
it, and cures of diabetes, albuminuria, and desquamative nephritis 
have been reported from its use. 
In Dr. S. A. Jones’s experiments he observed several facts that 
are worthy of notice : 
(1.) That it is one of the few agents that can render an alka- 
line urine acid. 
(2.) That it increases the daily amount of urine. (This increase 
he thinks is secondary, and that the primary effect is to diminish 
the renal excretion. This will explain why diabetes and chronic 
albuminuria have been safely cured by appreciable (crude) doses.) 
He says “ that Helonias is a diuretic in the same sense as Apo- 
cynum cann., which I am not prepared to affirm; that it is a renal 
stimulant I think may be safely assumed. Let not the term 
stimulant mislead. The Helonias stimulation is a condition of 
debility, venous paresis, the result of previous arterial tonic con- 
traction.” He adds: “When this remedy is in full action the HELONIAS DIOICA. 
353 
kidneys have a burning feel, and they ache—evidence, I take it, 
of venous congestion, retarded blood-flow; hence the urinary plus.” 
If this be true, the Helonias promises well in diabetes insipidus. 
The object of Hr. Jones’s proving, he tells us, was, if possible, 
to cause saccharine or albuminous urine. To his disappointment 
it caused neither ! He says : 
The urine was carefully examined with the microscope throughout the whole 
research, and the results show that the action of Helonias upon the kidneys is 
purely functional. There is no evidence of any epithelial desquamation or de- 
generation, and Helonias as a renal remedy may be classed with Cantharis, and 
not with Phosphorus and Arsenic. This conclusion by no means negatives the 
possible usefulness of Helonias in cases of albuminous urine. Renal liypersemia 
alone can give this condition; hence the possible efficacy of Helonias. 
We may find another reason why he did not get albuminuria 
or desquamation. He did not take “ten or fifteen grains a day 
for several days/’ as Paine gave, but only fifteen grains in all in 
four days, and not quite three ounces of the tincture during the 
whole proving of seven days. Had he doubled or trebled the 
doses he might have got what he desired. Nor is it necessary 
that we should get albuminuria or saccharine diabetes from prov- 
ing a drug, in order to use it as a remedy in such affections. 
In a paper on Helonias, in the “ N. A. Journal of Homoe- 
opathy,” May, 1875, Hr. S. A. Jones gives, as a result of his re- 
cent studies of this remedy, his views of its action in diabetes, as 
follows: 
In the Helonias diabetes this defective “ glycocrypsis ” obtains; that sugar 
which should have been stored up in the liver-cells, as a preparation for ultimate 
heat and force evolution, slips through this gland, escapes organic chemolysis, 
and accumulating as a purposeless product it blocks the by-ways of life, and yet 
again the unceasing vigilance and fidelity of the scavenger is shown by sacchar- 
ine urine. 
This is the kind of diabetes in which the adoption of an animal diet and the 
exclusion of all the starches effect the most remarkable diminution in the quan- 
tity of sugar eliminated, and it is the only diabetes mellitus in which I believe 
Helonias dioica will be found curative. 
From this analysis of an incomplete research I am led to believe that He- 
lonias dioica is homoeopathic to albuminuria and to diabetes mellitus, although 
the objective pathognomonic of these diseases was not evolved in the research, 
and although the recorded symptomatology of this remedy does not, at this day, 
present a similimum of either of these diseases. 354 
HELONIAS DIOICA. 
We do not get glycosuria from Nitrate of uranium, yet clini- 
cal experience has proved it to be useful in such eases. All that 
is necessary is to cause a pathological state that is favorable for or 
will lead to albuminuria or diabetes. Dr. Jones admits as much 
in his remarks above quoted. 
As to its action on the specific gravity, Dr. Jones’s table shows 
that it lowers it. He thinks its primary effect is to increase the 
elimination of urea. He believes that if proven in the dilution it 
would decrease it. “ Taken in equal quantities, Helonias is the 
direct opposite of tea, coffee, and cocoa. In their primary action 
they retard the elimination process; Helonias does the same sec- 
ondarily.” 
Dr. Jones is not inclined to believe the Helonias is a true 
remedy in Bright’s disease, unless it is in a stage which he terms 
an “ ante -desquamation stage.” As an example of such a condi- 
tion, he gives a case with the following symptoms, which steadily 
improved under its use: “Lowness of spirits, restlessness, burn- 
ing aching in the lumbar spine, frequent profuse perspiration, urine 
pale yellow, sp. gr. 1013, acid, gets up two or three times at night 
to urinate, debility, palpitation when going upstairs, appetite 
poor, sleep difficult, and not refreshing.” 
He thinks it indicated in diabetes insipidus, dependent upon 
congestion of the lower third of the medulla spinalis; to which I 
would add the diabetes nervosa of women with uterine disorder. 
We have but a few pathogenetic symptoms of its effects on the 
organs of generation of women. Dr. Clark, of Portland, Maine, 
asserts that he has noticed the following train of symptoms follow 
its use in six or eight cases (from Helonias lx): 
Pain in the lower part of the back, through to the uterus, like 
inflammation, piercing, drawing; breasts swollen, nipples tender, 
and will not bear the pressure of even an ordinary dress; nipples 
very sensitive and painful; great uterine hsemorrhage came during 
the proving and continued until the medicine was discontinued. 
The Helonias is one of those indigenous medicines which, from 
the earliest days of medicine in this country, has had a peculiar 
reputation—first with the aborigines, then with the early white 
settlers, and finally with the medical profession in this country— 
as being a remedy, even the remedy, for those disorders generally 355 
HELONIAS DIOICA. 
termed “ uterine/’ and which depended upon an atonic condition 
of the organs of reproduction. I regret exceedingly that I cannot 
present the profession with a proving upon the organism of wo- 
men. I have given it to healthy women, but never observed any 
notable symptoms. Primarily, it always increases the tone and 
physiological activity of the generative organs. I therefore con- 
sider it secondarily homoeopathic to those conditions or diseases 
for which it has been used so successfully. Were it not so, it 
could never have been used successfully in the doses usually ad- 
ministered by the opposite school of practice. It would have pro- 
duced aggravations, and been by them considered contraindicated. 
Before giving the clinical experience of our own school, I will 
quote the opinions and clinical remarks concerning the remedy 
which I find in the records of allopathic literature. 
Professor Lee, an acute observer, says : 
Numerous trials have satisfied us that it has a specific action on the uterine 
organs—an alleviate, regulating influence over their functions. Hence, in amen- 
orrhcea, marked by general atony, and an ansemic and torpid condition of the 
system, this plant proves of great service—giving tone to the digestive organs, 
favoring nutrition and sanguification, and promoting the secretions generally. 
So, in leucorrhcea, associated with similar conditions of the general system, it will 
be found equally serviceable. Its influence as a uterine tonic is also well marked 
in cases of atonic or passive menorrhagia. Here by imparting tonicity to the 
muscular fibres of the uterus, and by a stimulating power over the plexuses of the 
organic nerves which supply the pelvic viscera, the exudation of blood is checked, 
and the predisposing as well as the proximate cause of the disease removed. If 
it has the power of obviating sterility and impotence, as is alleged by some writers, 
it must be by a similar mode of operation. It may be slightly aphrodisiac, but 
there are no well-attested facts bearing on that point. It is very probable, how- 
ever, that it may, in common with Senecio and other uterine tonics, produce such 
effects; but if it does I have no proof of the fact, except what may be drawn from 
analogy. It is very probable, also, that in cases of dysmenorrhcea and liability to 
abortion, from atony of the reproductive organs, it may prove highly advanta- 
geous by a similar mode of action, just as we find in the case of iron and other 
tonics which improve the general health. 
Dr. Coe is very enthusiastic. He says: 
No agent of the Materia Medica better deserves the name of uterine tonic. The 
remarkable success attending its administration in the diseases peculiar to females, 
has rendered it an indispensable remedy to those acquainted with its peculiar 
virtues. Like the Senecin, it is alike appropriate in the treatment of diseases 
apparently calling for dissimilar properties, as, for instance, amenorrhcea and 356 
HELONIAS DIOICA. 
menorrhagia. Its alterative and tonic influence will account in a measure for its 
utility in those complaints. In the treatment of amenorrlioea, it will be found 
most beneficial in those cases arising from or accompanied with a disordered 
condition of the digestive apparatus, and an anaemic habit. It has an especial in- 
fluence on the organs of generation, independent of its general constitutional influ- 
ence. For this reason it has proved of eminent value in the cure of prolapsus 
uteri, tendency to miscarriage, and atony of the generative organs; sterility and 
impotence have also been relieved and cured by this remedy. 
Certain writers have classed it as an aphrodisiac, and stated that its continued 
use induces an abnormal desire for sexual indulgence. Such a statement could 
only have been made in the absence of actual knowledge, and as the legitimate 
fruit of a prurient imagination. We have probably used Helonin quite as exten- 
sively as any other practitioner, and we must confess to a want of sufficient pene- 
tration to discover any such results from its employment. The only aphrodisiac 
we recognize is the natural proclivity of a sensual mind. That the Helonin is a 
special tonic to the organs of reproduction we are well aware, but only to a 
normal and healthy extent. Did its action extend further than this, it would 
be a disease-producing and a not a disease-curing remedy. When a medicine so 
acts upon a diseased organ as to restore it to a physiological condition, we very 
naturally conclude that said organ will manifest the fact of its restoration by the 
resumption of its functional activity. This is precisely the case when the Helo- 
nin is employed. If administered for the cure of indigestion, the appetite im- 
proves, the food is digested, absorbed, and assimilated, and thus the curative action 
of the remedy is manifested. If, on the other hand, the case be one of amenor- 
rlioea, sterility, menorrhagia, or impotency, secretion is restored, tone imparted, 
and the healthful flow of returning stimulus is manifested by the usual physical 
signs. The sexual appetite is sequent, and not the antecedent of the restora- 
tion of the ability of the organs to perform the functions assigned to them by 
nature. 
A portion of Dr. Coe’s remarks, namely, that which relates to the 
effects of curative doses of medicines, is in the main correct; but his 
general statement contains one great fundamental error, which has 
ever been the glaring fault of allopathic therapeutics. He states 
that Helonin is a special tonic to the organs of reproduction but 
only to a normal extent; did it extend beyond this, he remarks, it 
would be a disease-creating remedy. The old school of medicine 
has always been wilfully blind to the truth that all medicines 
may be disease-producing. That a medicine is a “ special tonic ” 
to any particular organ is the strongest proof that it is capable, if 
long continued, even in small doses, of causing disease in that 
organ. If, then, the Helonias be given for uterine atony, and acts 
curatively, when that organ has regained its tone, if the remedy 
be continued, it will urge or elevate the physiological functions of 357 
HELONIAS DIOICA. 
that organ, and induce an abnormal condition, the result of hyper- 
stimulation. If Helonias is a special tonic to the organs of repro- 
duction, we do not doubt that, if given to a healthy individual, 
it would cause an excess of sexual desire, congestion of the uterus, 
ovaries, etc., and even atnenorrhoea or menorrhagia depend on ac- 
tive congestion ; then, after a time, the irritability of these organs 
would be worn out, and according to a well-known physiological 
law we shall have exhausted or atonic conditions of the tissue pre- 
viously over-stimulated. The conditions and diseases enumerated 
by Dr. Coe as within the curative range of Helonias are those 
which it would cause by its secondary action. It is capable of 
producing an almost equal number by its primary action. My 
theory of dose accounts for the curative operation of the material 
doses of the allopathic school; the curative action in the lower 
attenuations is chiefly directed toward those atonic states which it 
causes secondarily. But if given for its primary effects, it must be 
given in the middle or higher attenuations, else we should get up 
injurious medicinal aggravations. 
Resume.—The Helonias is primarily homoeopathic to the follow- 
ing diseases, when occurring in women of plethoric habit, strong 
digestion, and great muscular power: Active congestion of the 
uterus, causing, besides the usual symptoms of that condition, sup- 
pression of the menses (congestive amenorrhoea); menorrhagia, from 
active congestion ; prolapsus or retroversion from congestion ; abor- 
tion from undue afflux of blood to the uterus. The special symp- 
toms which wrould indicate it in these diseases can only be obtained 
by a thorough proving. Helonias is secondarily indicated and has 
proved eminently curative in diseases of the reproductive organs 
occurring in persons of a lax or ansemic habit, and in whieh there 
is a loss of normal tone. As diseases of the same name may be 
caused by opposite states, so the primary amenorrhoea of Plelonias 
may be due to congestion, while the secondary is due to lack of 
blood and normal activity of the uterus, etc. 
My own clinical experience coincides with that of my colleagues, 
especially in its power of preventing miscarriages. It is useful 
even in those cases which arise from ulceration of the os, with or 
without a bloody discharge therefrom. But its principal useful- 
ness is in those cases which arise from a uterine atony, which can- 358 
HELONIAS DIOICA. 
not hold on to the fruit of conception, but allows it to escape at 
the periods coinciding with the previous menstrual flux ; or when 
the slightest overexertion, or irritating emotion, tends to cause 
loss of the foetus. In this respect it resembles Aletris, and is just 
the opposite of Caulophyllum and Viburnum, which correspond 
to the writable uterus, with such a sensitiveness of that organ that 
it is thrown into spasmodic and expulsive action upon the slight- 
est occasion. Sabina, Secale, Ustilago, and Cimicifuga stand mid- 
way between the two classes just mentioned. 
As a remedy for sterility and impotence it is held in high esti- 
mation. In the absence of such an extended series of provings 
as to establish such conditions, we may judge from its primary 
symptoms that the above conditions would result. No remedy 
causes, primarily, an exalted state of the sexual organs without 
causing, secondarily, a corresponding depression. Moreover, if you 
will look over the causes of diabetes cured by Helonias, you will 
observe that in every case impotency existed. There seems to be 
a direct connection between abnormal secretion of urine and loss 
of sexual power. Loss of blood, or of any other secretion, does 
not seem to have so decided an effect. Now, the drugs which 
cause the one will pretty certainly cause the other. Phosphorus, 
Phos. acid, Eupatorium purp., Mercurius, Nitrate of uranium, 
as well as Helonias, all have this effect, and all are useful in im- 
p otency. 
Nearly all functional causes of sterility and impotency have their 
origin in the ovaries or testicles. Helonias must cure such condi- 
tions by its homoeopathic relation to the functional activity of those 
gl ands. 
We have seen that it stimulates glands to an unnatural activity, 
which must be followed by unnatural inactivity. This inactiv- 
ity would induce loss or deficiency of desire, by acting on the mind 
in a reflex manner. We see in the mental symptoms a picture of 
the state in which we find most impotent persons. 
With my peculiar views of its action, I would recommend He- 
lonias in the high dilutions in those cases of precocious sexual de- 
velopment into which so many young girls are stimulated by the 
improper methods of education, diet, and amusements, so much in 
vogue at the present day. Of course, a persistence in such perni- HELONIAS DIOICA—HEPATICA. 
359 
cious modes of life would have to be abandoned to allow Ilelonias 
to exert its curative action. It may prove to be equally useful in 
the abnormal irritability of the female sexual organs which occurs 
at the change of life. 
Worn-out debauchees cannot expect to be restored to renewed 
virility by this or any other remedy, but, when used in a low at- 
tenuation, it will aid in restoring to a debilitated system its normal 
power of reproduction. 
As an exciter of venereal desires and powers it should never 
be used, even if it possessed such powers. 
Dr. Holcombe believes it is useful in prolapsus, retroversion, and 
anteversion, and that it strengthens the uterine ligaments by in- 
vigorating the general system. But I do not see why it may not 
have a purely local toning action. The displacements of the uterus 
may all be due to local weakness, while the general system is strong 
enough. I think it acts curatively in both cases. 
It has been found very beneficial in those pains in the back, 
with lameness, stiffness, and weight, which are found in many 
renal and uterine diseases. 
HEPATIC A. 
This plant is found not only in America, but nearly all the 
world over. Its delicate flowers, of a pale-blue, white, or flesh- 
color, appear almost as soon as the snow leaves the ground in the 
spring. Although delicate, small, and inconspicuous, the Hepat- 
ica had once an extensive reputation in very serious diseases. 
The name Liverwort was given it from a fancied resemblance 
of its leaves to the liver; and the old physicians, who practiced ac- 
cording to the obsolete doctrine of signatures, prescribed it in all 
hepatic diseases. The plant is scentless. Its taste is insipid, not 
bitter, but a little astringent and slightly acrid, which latter is 
disguised by the mucilage contained in the leaves. It is difficult 
to imagine that it has any great power over the system generally. 
Its supposed action on the liver I believe to be purely fanciful. 
Many years ago it was highly lauded in this country as a rem- 
edy for cough and hemoptysis. 
If I should venture to name its analogues in advance of a thor- 360 
HEPATICA. 
ough proving, I would mention Calearea, Hamamelis, Cistus, He- 
par sulph., Senega, Phosphorus, and Stannum. 
Nothing definite is known of the action of this plant in disease, 
and nothing whatever of its effects upon the healthy organism. 
Allopaths, eclectics, id omne genus, tell their patients to drink an 
infusion of Liverwort, ad libitum ; but they do not stop to observe 
if any effect results from such quantities. They advise the same 
of Hamamelis, yet the homceopathist, by careful observation, has 
ascertained that not only is the latter drug valuable in diseased 
conditions of an important nature, but it is capable of causing, in 
small doses even, notable pathogenetic effects upon the healthy 
body. A thorough proving of the Hepatica may show it to be a 
valuable remedial agent. 
The first and only mention of the Hepatica in homoeopathic lit- 
erature was by Dr. D. S. Kimball in a paper entitled “ Scraps 
from Practice.” Pie writes : 
In 1831-32 I was troubled with haemoptysis, and a slight recurrence of it in 
1836, leaving more or less chronic irritation of the throat and lungs, and two or 
three years previously, as well as subsequently, for a long time with dyspepsia. 
Three years ago, when suffering in this way, I commenced using the Hepatica 
triloba, by chewing a mouthful twice a day and swallowing the juice, and ob- 
served the following symptoms to arise from it: 
Eyes somewhat sensitive to light; itching and swelling, slightly agglutinated 
in the morning. 
Bloody mucus frequently blown from the left nostril, for three or four days in 
succession (after using it three days and continuing it). Soreness of the end of 
the nose at the entrance of the nostrils. Uncommonly free and easy expectora- 
tion ; the rough, scraping irritation and tickling sensation in the throat and fauces 
disappears, as also the sensation about the epiglottis and larynx as of particles of 
food remaining. The accustomed accumulation of phlegm, sometimes thick, vis- 
cid, and tenacious, inducing frequent hawking and disposition to hawk, disap- 
pear. 
The customary paroxysms of coughing, and somewhat abundant expectoration, 
mostly daily, about midday, a portion of the expectoration being opaque, yel- 
lowish, of the consistency of cream—the rest frothy and mucous—disappears. 
Apparently a much better state of the throat and lungs is induced from its use, 
much stronger generally, as well as locally, and the irritation of the throat and 
lungs mostly gone. Digestion apparently more perfect, and a cessation of most 
of the remaining dyspeptic symptoms. 
We have in this fragmentary proving a few suggestive patho- 
genetic symptoms and several interesting curative effects, sufficient 
to prescribe the medicine in similar conditions. 361 
HEPATICA—HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
In the summer of 1865 I contracted a severe bronchitis, which 
became aggravated by frequent exposure, until it reached the point 
of purulent expectoration. An attack of circumscribed pneumonia 
supervened, which was followed by bloody sputa and the purulent 
expectoration again. This continued for two months unchecked by 
Lycopodium, Stannum, Phosphorus, or Sulphur. The expectora- 
tion was profuse, yellow, creamy, and exceedingly sweet. Some 
pain and constriction of the right chest. An excessively annoy- 
ing irritation of the fauces; a tickling, itching, and scraping sen- 
sation was present nearly all the time, aggravated by eating, or 
inhalation of dust. At this period I met with Dr. Kimball’s 
statement, and suspending all medicines used the dried leaves in 
the same manner. I noticed a mucilaginous taste, followed by 
some astringency, and a subdued pungent sensation, which it gave 
the mouth and fauces, a little like that caused by the liquorice root. 
After using it four days, the expectoration decreased; the trouble- 
some irritation of the fauces improved, and in two weeks had dis- 
appeared. It certainly appeared to remove the symptoms of the 
fauces and throat. 
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
I believe I was the first to call the attention of our school in 
America to this medicine. I mentioned it in an article on the 
Prevention of Miscarriage, and the Treatment of its Consequences,” 
in the “North American Journal of Homoeopathy,” vol. viii. 
Since that time, very extensive provings of the medicine have 
been made by Drs. Nichols, Burt, and others. The provings of 
Dr. Nichols are excelled by none of our modern experimenters. 
The remedy was mentioned in 1858, and again in 1863, by 
Drs. Hastings, Bayes, and Pattison, in the “ British Journal of 
Homoeopathy.” 
The use of Golden Seal as a medicine dates back into the dim 
traditional history of this country, when only the aborigines inhab- 
ited the continent. It was known to the first white settlers only 
through the Indian tribes with whom they came in contact. Not- 
withstanding its great and deserved popularity among the whites 
and Indians at an early day, the “regular” practitioner seemed 
to look upon it with suspicion, and we find small mention of the 
YOL. II.—24 362 
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
Hydrastis in any of the writings of the early authors, with the ex- 
ception of Dr. Tully, of New England ; Prof. Rafinesque, then of 
Kentucky; and Dr. Barton, of Philadelphia. Each of these men 
labored hard to substitute active and valuable indigenous remedies 
for the foreign ones, then as now so much more preferred by the 
allopathic school. At the rise of the “ Botanic ” practice of medi- 
cine, these remedies—the Hydrastis particularly—were taken up 
and used extensively. The latter eclectics were not slow to avail 
themselves of the remedial virtues of this and other indigenous 
plants. Although their use of this medicine was purely empirical, 
and based upon unsystematic observations, the success which at- 
tended its administration was highly satisfactory, both to patients 
and physicians. 
We shall give the opinions and experience of the earlier physi- 
cians in order that its medical history may be understood. The 
biography of a medicine is as interesting as that of a man. We 
trace its development through infancy, childhood, and youth, and 
note the additions which are yearly made to its growth as a reme- 
dial agent. We also note, too, how one after another of its sup- 
posed attributes fall away and disappear, or how certain traits of 
character noticed in its infancy become forgotten, and finally re- 
appear in the future development of its history. A medicine can- 
not be said to have reached maturity until it has been subjected to 
a thorough physiological proving. In other words, it is in the 
hands of the homoeopathic school alone that a medicine is capable 
of reaching complete development. 
Among the earliest medical writers of this country was Prof. 
Rafinesque, a scientific botanist and a ripe scholar. He thus 
writes of the Hydrastis : 
It is tonic, ophthalmic, detergent, etc. It is much used in Ohio, Kentucky, 
etc., for diseases of the eyes; the juice or infusion is used as a wash in sore or in- 
flamed eyes. It is considered a specific by the Indians for that disorder; they 
also apply it for sore legs, and many external complaints as a topical tonic. In- 
ternally it is used as a bitter tonic in infusion or tincture, in disorders of the 
stomach, liver, etc., and is equivalent to Aletris, Coptis, Frasera, Menyanthes, 
Sanguinaria, and Jeffersonia. (But none of these is so efficacious for sore eyes, 
except perhaps the Jeffersonia.) It is said to enter into compound remedies for 
the cancer, acting as a detergent tonic, and the Cherokees are supposed to use it 
in that disease, but better detergents are known. The properties of this plant 
are not yet fully known ; it appears to be slightly narcotic and available in many HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
363 
disorders. Some Indians employ it as a diuretic, stimulant and escharotic, using 
the powder for the blistering and the infusion for the dropsy. 
In this we see the earliest history of a plant as a medicine. 
Used first for diseases of the eye, much as Euphrasia was used 
among the early Britons; then noted as an Indian remedy for 
cancer, and supposed to be narcotic. Its use in ophthalmia is still 
popular; its virtues in cancer forgotten until revived in England 
by physicians of the homoeopathic school; and its supposed nar- 
cotic powers proved not to exist. 
Howard, writing in 1836, says: “ It is very useful in recovery 
from fever, for dyspepsia, indigestion, sore eyes, ulcers, loss of ap- 
petite, etc.” 
Dr. Barton and Dr. Tully estimated it very highly as a “ pure 
tonic, and as an alterative in diseased conditions of the mucous 
membranes.” 
King gives it a prominent place among medicinal agents; re- 
iterates all that previous writers have said about it, with the ex- 
ception of its alleged usefulness in cancer; and adds that it is val- 
uable in “chronic affections of the mucous membrane of the 
stomach, intestines, bladder, etc.,” all of which will be mentioned 
under the appropriate heads. 
Scudder claims it as peculiarly an eclectic remedy, and remarks: 
“It seems passing strange that our allopathic brethren have not 
got their eyes open to its importance, as we believe that for the 
fulfilling of some indications it has no substitute.” I shall revert 
to Scudder’s testimony again in other paragraphs. 
Allopathic authorities of the present day almost, if not entirely, 
ignore this important medicine. Wood, in his “Dispensatory,” 
repeats Rafinesque, but doubts if it is anything more than an ordi- 
nary tonic. In his “ Therapeutics ” and “ Practice ” it is not men- 
tioned. Stille does not mention it in his extensive work on “ Ma- 
teria Medica and Therapeutics.” Bartholow gives it a good notice. 
It is only after a careful study of all the provings that we can 
arrive at any definite estimate of the sphere of action of a medicine. 
After nearly twenty years of experience with Hydrastis and an 
intimate acquaintance with the physiological experiments which 
have been made with it by members of our school, I confess that 
I do not feel like expressing a final opinion on the powers and 
qualities of this medicine. 364 
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
However, it is proper that I should give you some idea of its 
mode of action, as well as its extent, and its curative capabilities. 
Its general 'primary effects on the system when taken in mate- 
rial or medicinal quantities by a healthy person, will undoubtedly 
be that of a nutrient tonic, i. e., it stimulates the digestive pro- 
cesses, and increases the assimilation of food. By these means 
the blood is enriched, and this blood feeds the muscular system. 
I mention the muscular system because I believe it first feels 
the increased power imparted by the stimulation of increased nu- 
trition. The consequent improvement on the nervous and gland- 
ular systems are natural results. But, as is the case with all so- 
called “ tonics ,” the condition of apparent unusual strength may 
be only apparent, and will sooner or later give way to the oppo- 
site condition, which I shall designate as secondary effects of the 
drug. The same effects have been observed from China, Quinia, 
and even Iron. The increased digestive power gives way to indi- 
gestion; the increased power of assimilation to deficient nutrition, 
and apparent strength to real debility. But, if these secondary 
symptoms already exist from natural diseases, then it is that we 
get the real curative power of Hydrastis. The question now is 
all-important: Have we special indications for the use of Hy- 
drastis in cases of debility of a general character? 
I believe our provings and clinical experience are now sufficient 
to furnish such data. 
But let us examine the testimony of those outside of our school 
of practice. 
In relation to its general effects on the system, there is no med- 
icine in use in eclectic practice about which there is such general 
unanimity of opinion. It is universally regarded by that school 
as the tonic—useful in all debilitated states, and under all condi- 
tions except that of acute inflammation. 
This is to the eclectic school what Quinine is to the allopath, 
and China is to our own school. The first-named school looks 
with surprise upon the indifference with which this, their favorite 
tonic, is treated by the rival schools. I have known eclectics in 
large practice, to rely upon it almost to the exclusion of Quinine 
or Salicin, in intermittents and other malarious fevers. They 
usually prescribe one drachm of the tincture or fluid extract, or 
one or two grains (even as high as six grains) of the Hydrastin, HYDRASTIS CAYADENSIS. 
365 
every one, two, or four hours, as the case seems to demand, and 
assert that it always acts as a pure tonic, and that its effects are 
not attended with any stimulation of the circulation, or congestion 
of the brain, as is the case with Quinine. Yet, curiously enough, 
English homoeopathists assert that a “ few drops of the mother- 
tincture will cause a physical prostration.” It could not do this 
by its primary action, like China; its secondary effect may be pros- 
tration. Drs. Marsden and McLimont state that “one of us has, 
for upwards of a month at a time, endeavored by experiment to 
ascertain its pathogenesis; but we have been unable to elicit any 
very decided symptoms, except upon the sensorium and heart, 
which were affected for a very short time, by doses of half an 
ounce and upwards, smaller quantities appearing to pass off 
without any effect at all.” The tincture used by the gentle- 
men must have been of a very poor quality, or half an ounce 
would have shown its effect in quite a decided manner. They 
state, however, that they “ know of no medicine which has caused 
so great an improvement in the general health of our cancer 
patients as has this, an improvement which, in most cases, has 
become visible in the bettered expression of the countenances to 
all who had previously known the patients.” 
We must rank it, as to its general effects on the nutrient pro- 
cesses, with such medicines as China, Ferrum, Helonias, Aletris, 
Columbo, and Nux vomica. It differs from each, in many ways, 
from China (Quinine), in not being a powerful antiperiodic; 
from Ferrum, in not acting directly on the blood ; from Helo- 
nias, in not affecting the functions of the kidneys and uterus; and 
from Nux vomica, in not acting as a stimulant to the spinal cord. 
The action of Hydrastis on the glandular system must be direct 
and specific. It acts on the glands of the mucous membranes, 
namely, the intestinal and gastric. It acts on the larger glands, 
notably the liver. Its primary effect on the glandular system is 
to excite to unusual secretion when given to a healthy person. 
Its action on all mucous surfaces is of a similar character. The 
natural secretion is at first increased ; then it becomes abnormal in 
quantity and quality. At first clear, white, transparent, and tena- 
cious, it becomes yellow, or thick, green and even bloody, and 
nearly always tenacious. The tenacity of the discharge, allowing 
it to be drawn out in strings, is analogous to the discharge caused 366 
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
by Kali bich., Ammon, brom., and Cubebs. It differs from the 
profuse mucous flux of Stannum, Copaiva, and Amm. mur., which 
is thick and lumpy, and falls in masses. The distance traversed 
by the primary mucous flux of Hydrastis passes from simple in- 
crease of mucus to erosion and ulceration. Its secondary effects 
are exhaustion or destruction of the glandular sources of the mucus 
—a condition in which the mucous surface is dry, glazed, and its 
functions destroyed. 
A muco-purulent, or purely purulent discharge marks the ulti- 
mate primary action of Hydrastis. A total arrest of secretion 
from mucous membranes marks its ultimate secondary effects. 
What clinical deductions are to be made from these pathoge- 
netic and pathological effects ? I answer, that Hydrastis is one of 
the most important remedies we possess for the treatment of mu- 
cous fluxes, ordinarily known as catarrh. 
Now you must know that this disorder is not confined to any 
one portion of the body. It may exist wherever mucous mem- 
brane exists. The range of catarrhal diseases is very wide, and 
very many diseases which go commonly by other names might all 
be included under the single name of catarrh. The only form of 
catarrh to which Hydrastis is not suitable is to the acute inflam- 
matory. So long as the fever lasts it should not be used. Gel- 
seminum, Sticta, or some other appropriate remedy must be used. 
But as soon as the inflammatory symptoms subside, its use can be 
commenced, at first in the middle dilutions (10th to 30th); after- 
wards, as the catarrh nears its ultimate primary journey, to the 3d 
or 6th ; and finally, for the secondary stage, the 1st, or mother 
tincture, should be freely used. There is one fact connected with 
the history of the action of Hydrastis which should not be forgot- 
ten, namely, it is not a volatile medicine, like Copaiva, Cubebs, 
Kali iod., and the balsams. It is not thrown off as readily through 
the glands and mucous surfaces. It therefore requires that it 
should be oftener used topically, as well as internally. In all 
catarrhal fluxes its local application should attend its internal ad- 
ministration. 
I hardly need enumerate the catarrhal or mucous diseases in 
which the Hydrastis is useful, but it may be well to do so in order 
to fix them in your memory, namely : 
Otorrhcea (even with obstruction of the inner ear and Eustachian HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
367 
tubes); chronic conjunctivitis (even with purulent discharge); old 
nasal catarrhs, of both the anterior and posterior passages ; ozcena, 
with bloody, purulent discharge from ulcerated surfaces (if the 
bones are affected, use Aurum or Mercurius); catarrhal affections 
of the respiratory passages; catarrh of the stomach (one of the 
commonest causes of dyspepsia); catarrh of the gall-duct (a com- 
mon cause of jaundice) ; intestinal catarrhs (which often go under 
the names of chronic mucous diarrhoea and chronic dysentery); 
catarrh of the bladder; of the urethra (among which are chronic 
gonorrhoea and gleet); leucorrlioea, even with erosions and ulcera- 
tions ; uterine catarrh, etc. 
The selection of the dose for internal administration has been 
mentioned. Its topical application will have to be varied with 
the severity of the case and the portion affected. The most useful 
preparations of Hydrastis for this purpose are (1) the tincture, (2) 
the Muriate of hydrastia, (3) an infusion of the pulverized root 
in water. The strength of the lotion may vary from a few drops 
or a drachm of the tincture to several ounces of water; from a few 
grains of the 3d tritutation of Hydrastis, or a few grains of the 
crude to a pint of water; or from ten grains to a drachm of the 
root in a quart of hot water. 
It may be applied by means of a syringe, a douche, or an 
atomizer; or it may be used as a gargle ; or (as in gastric catarrh) 
in doses of several ounces of an attenuated infusion. 
A drug which causes a disordered condition of the mucous sur- 
faces will, in nearly every instance, prove to be a good remedy for 
affections of the skin. The cutaneous analogue of a catarrh and 
its consequences is a moist, exuding eruption, with or without 
ulceration. Does Hydrastis affect the skin? 
Rafinesque says, “ The Indians use the powdered root for blis- 
tering of the skin, as an escharotic, and as a topical application 
to old sores, ulcers, and cancers.” 
I have never seen severe irritation of the skin follow its local 
application, although it sometimes causes redness with pustula- 
tion, when a lotion has been applied several days or a week. One 
prover observed “ an erysipelas rash on the face, neck, hand, and 
fingers, with great heat and irritation, which continued for six 
days, when the skin exfoliated.” Another asserts that it caused 
an eruption like varioloid on the face. 368 
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
Since the appearance of the fourth edition, Dr. John Wilde com- 
municated the following experience to the “ Monthly Homoeo- 
pathic Review,” in a paper entitled The Skin Pathogenesy of 
Hydrastis: 
On two occasions I have seen some severe skin symptoms produced by Hydrastis, 
and as they were each time very different in character, I think they are worth 
recording. 
The first case was that of a young lady, a clergyman’s daughter, about twenty- 
six years of age, who suffered from enormous hypertrophy of one breast, for which 
she went up to London to consult one of our most eminent homoeopaths. The 
breast was so large that, when sitting down, it rested on the knees, the weight of 
it being very wearisome, though the tumor was painless. The physician referred 
to prescribed Hydrastis in mother tincture, five drops four times a day. She had 
taken this for about a fortnight or three weeks, when she was alarmed one day 
to find an eruption upon her arms and body of a number of small furuncular- 
looking pustules, which the family were afraid were symptoms of small-pox. I 
lived at a distance of seven miles and had never attended the family, but as they 
considered her at the time under homoeopathic treatment, they sent for me. On 
arriving I learned the history just related, and, on examination, I found a num- 
ber of small boils, at a distance of about two or three inches apart, on the hands, 
and arms, and shoulders. Some were in a papular stage, with an inflamed area, 
while others were just ready to discharge pus. I gave it as my opinion that the 
Hydrastis was the cause of the eruption, and ordered its discontinuance, and pre- 
scribed medicine for its removal. In four or five days the boils completely dis- 
appeared. 
The second case arose out of an endeavor to utilize the pathogenesy of the first 
above described. 
My housemaid complained to me that she was suffering much from boils, which 
came out in crops one after another. They were rather small ones, of the descrip- 
tion popularly called “ blind boils.” I gave her Belladonna and Ilepar for a few 
days, but as fresh boils continued to appear, I gave her Hydrastis, mother tinc- 
ture, twro drops every three hours. The next day the boils were better, but she 
was covered with nettlerash from head to foot. The following day the face be- 
came affected, and through scratching it had become much swollen, and the eye- 
lids were much puffed. She described the irritation as itching, burning, and 
stinging; it affected all parts and was worse at night. Of course 1 ordered the 
Hydrastis to be discontinued, when both boils and nett! erash disappeared. Within 
a week a large and painful stye appeared on the left eyelid, which ran the usual 
course. This was doubtless due to the Hydrastis, as the girl stated that she 
had never had a stye in her life before. 
I ought to have stated that the rash resembled scarlatina both in color and in 
disappearing for a long time under pressure ; indeed, so much wras it like, that had 
it not been for the itching and my knowledge of the symptoms produced by Hy- 
drastis, I should have suspected she had got that disease. 
Remarks.—Among the recorded symptoms of Hydrastis in Allen’s “ Encyclo- 
pedia” we find “ erysipelatoid rash covering face, neck, palms of hands, and joints 
of fingers and wrists. Irritation maddening, with intense burning heat .... HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
369 
always worse at night.” Again, “ pimples made their appearance around the 
mouth and chin, resembling the early stage of small-pox.” 
Thus the cases I have related confirm the previous provings of the drug, and 
this is very useful, and worthy of note, but in my first case the eruption was more 
distinctly furuncular than in the provings of Allen’s “ Materia Medica,” in which 
the eruption is described as resembling small-pox. On this account any addi- 
tional description which will help to define the true skin symptoms is worth re- 
cording. 
It will be seen from the second case that Hydrastis is a remedy for boils, for 
they were cured Avithin a feAv days, and no more appeared after the medicine was 
commenced. I have no doubt that it will prove an equally good remedy in 
acute urticaria, and I intend giving it a trial. 
It is probably homoeopathic to some acute exanthemata; also to 
some forms of chronic skin diseases. When chronic eruptions de- 
pend on debility for their continuance, as is sometimes the case, then 
the Hydrastis, by its invigorating influence, may prove curative. 
It has been found useful in lupus, rhagades, and excoriations. 
It may be employed as a simple lotion, or a glycerole, or in the 
form of a cerate ; if the patient is cachectic and exhibits symptoms 
indicating this remedy, its internal use will be of advantage. 
Dr. McLimont, of England, claims to have treated three cases 
of lupus successfully with the internal and topical use of Hy- 
drastis. 
Dr. H. M. Saxton writes me that he has had considerable ex- 
perience in the use of Hydrastis as an external application, and 
gives the following cases illustrating its use: 
Case I.—A girl seven or eight years of age fell and lacerated the scalp above 
the left temple. The wound was several inches in length, in the form of a cres- 
cent. It suppurated and became a troublesome sore. After cleansing the sur- 
face, the Hydrastis, in fine powder, was applied. It checked the suppuration, 
allayed the inflammation, and under its use the ulcer healed in a few days. 
Case II.—Was an ulcer from a burn, on the back of a child’s hand. It was 
much inflamed; very painful; she could hardly move her wrist. The powdered 
Hydrastis was applied lightly. Although the child irritated it a great deal, it 
soon healed and left the cuticle smooth and without a cicatrix. 
Case III.—Infantile Intertrigo. “ Excoriations in the folds of the neck.” The 
dry powder was applied, and it healed in three days. 
I would advise you to dilute the crude powder with starch or 
some similar substance. 
As a wash, I have found one part of the tincture to ten of water 
more useful in obstinate excoriations of the skin in children than 370 
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
Arnica. Glycerin is a better vehicle than water. The Glycerole 
of Hydrastis is used with great advantage in cases of intertrigo, 
sore nipples, and ulcerated surfaces. While Arnica seems specific 
for contusions, with extravasation, and Calendula for incised and 
lacerated wounds, even when unhealthy suppuration ensues, the 
Hydrastis seetns the best remedy for chronic ulcers arising from 
either of the above causes, or from burns, scalds, or some disease 
of the skin. 
The Ilydrastis canadensis has been used in England in the 
treatment of variola. In a somewhat remarkable pamphlet issued 
in that country, written by Dr. J. G. Wilkinson, of London, and 
entitled “ The Cause, Arrest, and Isolation of Small-Pox, by a 
New Method/’ the supposed virtues of this remedy are thus vaunt- 
ingly set forth: 
Hydrastis is the remedy which embraces something like a specific treatment of 
small-pox. Where the itching and tingling of the face at the time of maturation 
were so distressing that I ordered the face to be dabbed with a cold infusion of 
the Hydrastis, a small portion being warmed for each application, the relief 
experienced was instantaneous as well as complete and lasting. The swelling of 
the face also subsided quickly, and the case proceeded with more than ordinary 
rapidity to a happy issue. No second case occurred in the house, a point of im- 
portance which I request the reader to bear in mind. 
But there is another point of importance which Dr. Wilkinson 
forgot to mention, namely, whether the patient, and other inmates 
of the house, had ever been vaccinated. It is a fact well known to all 
practical physicians, that small-pox occurring in persons who have 
been vaccinated, will frequently appear to pursue a severe and 
even aggravated type, up to the very point of maturation, and then 
suddenly subside as if cut short by some therapeutic power. It is 
this peculiar phase of disease that has led to so many unfounded 
laudations of new remedies, such as Sarracena, etc. 
The Hydrastis has since been used in this country in small-pox, 
after the manner of Dr. Wilkinson. The testimony of several 
physicians as to its good effect was published in the second edition 
of “ New Iiemedies.” 
I do not consider Hydrastis indicated in dry, furfuraceous erup- 
tions, in which Arsenic and Phytolacca are useful. The skin may 
be dry and smooth, but not scaly. The eruptions must be moist. 
The ulcers may discharge profusely, or may be full of unhealthy 
granulations, or dry and shining. IIYDEASTIS CANADENSIS. 
371 
This is a good place to mention the use of Hydrastis in cancer. 
It originated in England with two physicians claiming to be hora- 
ceopathists. They evidently received the hint from Bafinesque, 
who mentioned its use by the American Indians in cancer. Those 
physicians claimed for Hydrastis the power of destroying the can- 
cer disease, or dyscrasia in the blood, for they wrote: 
This—the Hydrastis—is the medicine upon which we chiefly rely in our treat- 
ment of cancer, usually putting our patient under a course of it for a month or so 
before commencing the enucleation of the mass. Our doses vary from one to two 
drops of the 6th dilution, to drop doses of the mother tincture; the lower forms 
being used in those cases in which the cachectic condition is fully marked; and 
we must confess that we know of no medicine which has caused so great an im- 
provement in the general health of our patients as has this. We continue the 
medicine during the whole of the treatment, and for some weeks after. 
Those physicians did not, however, rely entirely upon the use 
of the Hydrastis alone, but consider it necessary to “enucleate ” 
the tumor. Hydrastis was applied to the tumor after it had been 
incised. But it will seem strange to American homoeopathists, 
who have always looked upon their English brethren with some- 
thing akin to reverence, when they learn the manner of its appli- 
cation. “ A piece of lint is applied to the surface, spread with 
equal parts of a paste composed of a strong decoction of Hydrastis 
root, Chloride of zinc and flour, and Stramonium ointment.” 
The testimony of Dr. Hastings, of England, relative to the effi- 
cacy of Hydrastis in cancers, is not so favorable. He says : 
Having for some considerable time used Hydrastis in cancer cases, I think I 
may without any presumption make some remarks thereon. I have now for 
upwards of eighteen months prescribed it in about twenty cases of cancers, viz., 
cancers of the tongue, breast, lip, hand, etc., in a variety of forms, from high to 
low dilutions; applied it externally, as Dr. Pattison does, and even by his direc- 
tions, having twice sent patients for his advice, and I regret to say in no single 
instance has it effected a cure, nor even appeared to check the disease 
In one or two cases it did seem at first to have some power of arresting the dis- 
ease, but this was of short duration It is no doubt a powerful medicine, 
but whether it will cure cancer in any of its stages, is very questionable, at least 
according to my experience of it. 
This was written in 1860, and if Dr. Hastings had found it 
useful, he would most probably have informed the profession. 
In my eriticism on this method, I denounced the mixing of 
Hydrastis with caustics. Fortunately their method was never 372 
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
adopted by any respectable homoeopathist in this country, al- 
though many used the Hydrastis alone as an application to sup- 
posed cancerous tumors. In a few cases good results were claimed, 
but a large majority were only palliated. I do not think it has 
any more specific curative power over the cancerous dyscrasia than 
the Carbolic acid, recommended of late by a noted cancer doctor 
in this country. 
I do not believe the Hydrastis has any specific power on en- 
larged glands, certainly not in any manner similar to the iodides. 
It is well known that any restorative remedy, even fresh air and 
a good diet, will cause the disappearance of glandular swellings. 
The Hydrastis may have this effect, but only by its invigora- 
ting power. 
Hydrastis has always been a favorite domestic remedy in “sore 
mouth.” Many physicians use it in all forms of stomatitis of 
children; in simple ulceration of the buccal mucous membrane; 
in mercurial sore mouth, and in stomatitis materna. I have wit- 
nessed the most obstinate varieties of these affections yield to the 
local application of Hydrastis in decoction or powder, after the 
mineral acids, astringents, nitrate of silver, of the old school, and 
even homoeopathic remedies had been tried in vain. The best 
method of application is to add one drachm of the tincture to half 
a pint of water; use this as a wash every three or four hours. 
The best preparation for use in diseases of the mouth and fauces 
is the Muriate of hydrastia—one grain to an ounce of water—ap- 
plied every three or four hours. It is much more successful than 
the tincture. With it I have cured many cases of stomatitis, 
which had resisted other measures. In my own case it acted 
promptly in removing a disagreeable dryness of the tongue, with 
a sensation as if it had been burnt; it felt sore and raw, and had 
a dark-red appearance, with raised papillae. The gums were also 
dark red and swollen, as was also the mucous membrane of the 
mouth. The uvula was relaxed and sore; large quantities of yel- 
low tenacious mucus was hawked from the throat, leaving a sen- 
sation of rawness. A wash of Hydrastia mur. cured the whole in 
two days, although it had lasted for two weeks, uninfluenced by 
Nitric acid, Mercurius, and Tincture of hydrastis. 
It is a favorite remedy with many homoeopathic physicians in 
the West as a gargle in cases of simple ulcerated sore throat ; also HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
373 
ill angina with ulceration, when accompanying scarlatina ; it does 
not, like Baptisia, remove the fetor in a direct manner, but its 
curative effect over the ulceration tends to remove any putrefac- 
tive condition. The pathogenetic symptoms are quite similar to 
those for which Dr. Gray, of New York, so highly recommends 
Mercurius iodatus; and the pathological condition, namely, inflam- 
mation and engorgement, with profuse secretion of mucus from the 
mucous follicles of the throat, very much resembles the condition 
which Mercurius causes. In some varieties of chronic angina, we 
find the mucous membrane of the fauces studded with round, pro- 
tuberant spots, of a red color, as if injected with blood, and the 
patient complains of an aggravation from the least exposure to cold. 
For this state of the throat Hepar sulphur is generally prescribed, 
but its permanent curative effect is very much aided by the inter- 
nal and local use of Hydrastis. 
Dr. Lodge had excellent success with Hydrastis in a case of 
mercurial salivation. A man troubled with the itch was told that 
an ointment of Corrosive sublimate would cure it. He used it 
freely. As the skin eruption disappeared, severe mercurial sali- 
vation was developed. When called to see him his jaws were set, 
liquids were swallowed with difficulty, power of articulation was 
lost, and he could only make his wants known by writing on a 
slate. The ulceration of the mouth, which followed the salivation, 
was soon relieved by Hydrastis (rl-g), one part tincture to nine 
parts water, and the patient was able to speak in about a week. 
The recovery was rapid and permanent. 
Syphilitic angina has been benefited by the use of this medicine; 
indeed, in its action on the glands of the mucous membrane, Hy- 
drastis is an analogue of the mercurials. There is a kind of sore 
throat which often attends dyspepsia; it is sometimes known as 
“ bilious sore throat,” although the name is inappropriate; it is a 
sympathetic disorder, arising from irritation of the stomach and 
lower portions of the oesophagus; for this troublesome affection, 
the Hydrastis internally is an excellent remedy. 
This leads us to a consideration of its value in gastric disorders. 
In my first edition of “ New Remedies,” I wrote as follows: 
“ This remedy seems likely to prove as prominent a remedy for 
those conditions which are known under the name of dyspepsia, 
as Nux vomica, Sulphur, or Pulsatilla.” 374 
HYDKASTIS CANADENSIS. 
This prediction has been verified by hundreds of physicians 
during the intervening ten years. I quoted the opinions of eclec- 
tic physicians, and they will bear repeating again. Dr. King 
says: 
It is successfully administered in dyspepsia and chronic affections of the mu- 
cous coats of the stomach; in chronic inflammation of the stomach it is very 
valuable; it will be found of special advantage in the treatment of persons who 
are intemperate, gradually removing the abnormal condition of the stomach, and 
in many instances destroying the appetite for liquor. 
Dr. Scudder writes: 
In anorexia, indigestion, and general debility, arising from a languid, or atonic 
state of the stomach, it is unsurpassed, restoring tone to the stomach, promoting 
the appetite, and acting as a general restorative. It may also be employed in those 
cases of chronic gastritis and chronic irritation of the stomach with altered secre- 
tion, which constitute the worst and most persistent forms of dyspepsia. In acid 
indigestion the Hydrastis, associated with calcined magnesia or prepared charcoal, 
will be found truly valuable, especially when attended with a torpid condition of 
the bowels. In those sympathetic diseases of the digestive organs, arising from 
uterine disease, we have obtained more benefit from this than from any other 
agent. The cases in which we have known this plant used with most success, 
were atonic dyspepsia, attended with torpidity of the liver, languid circulation, 
and constipated bowels. 
The few pathological symptoms which we have obtained point 
to its use in dyspepsia with acidity, and dyspepsia from atony. 
The faint feeling with palpitation is quite suggestive of congestion 
of the portal system; but we should be guided, perhaps, more by 
the general action of Hydrastis upon mucous membranes. We 
know that it causes (1) blennorrhagia ; (2) excoriation and ulcera- 
tion (superficial?); and a condition simulating chronic inflamma- 
tion. I have used this medicine in gastric disorders for several 
years, and my experience, together with a knowledge of its gen- 
eral effects, led me to consider it homoeopathic to the following 
conditions; I use the nomenclature of Dr. Chambers—(see Dis- 
orders of Digestion): 
(1) Mucous flux (chronic). 
(2) Excess of epithelium (chronic). 
(3) The ansemic state. 
(4) Chronic inflammation (mucous). 
(5) Ulcer of the stomach. HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
375 
(6) Deficiency of gastric juice. 
I also predicted in my second edition of u New Remedies,” that 
the Hydrastis might “ prove of value in cancer or scirrhus of the 
stomach, if the experience of our English colleagues should be 
verified.” It certainly is an excellent remedy in cases which ap- 
pear to be due to ulceration of the stomach. 
In the appendix to the second edition of “New Remedies,” a 
case is related by Dr. La Brunne, of epigastric tumor with maras- 
vius, presenting the following symptoms : 
Patient an old man of 70; had pains in the stomach five or six years, then 
loss of strength, great sensitiveness of the epigastric region, in which pulsations 
isochronous with the pulse were perceived, and a flattened, resistant tumor of 
some two inches in diameter. In a few months the pains became insufferable, 
loss of appetite and sleep became more alarming, frequent vomiting and great 
anguish about the heart, almost permanent. The tumor was pronounced scirrhus. 
He had taken Nux, Ignatia, Chamomilia, Colocynth, Arsenic, and many other 
medicines with no benefit. He now took Hydrastis, mother tincture, two drops 
morning and evening in a spoonful of water. After six weeks the whole body 
felt improved and strength commenced to return, and in a few months was per- 
fectly comfortable as regards pain, sleep, and digestion. The tumor had decreased 
two-thirds, the cceliac pulsations decreased three-fourths in intensity, and he now 
enjoys very good health. The report of this case was translated from the “Jour- 
nal Dispensaire,” Hahnemann, vol. iv, No. 11. 
The intestinal symptoms, observed by the provers, are not nota- 
ble in any respect. It caused light-colored, yellow-greenish stools, 
with griping and faintness; the evacuations, like those of Podo- 
phyllin, were inclined to be persistent. I do not think it capable 
of causing watery stools, or any such severe symptoms as Podo- 
phyllum, Mercurius, or Iris. It rather resembles Rheum, Senna, 
Chelidonium, and Aloes. If provings were carried far enough we 
should doubtless get the stools mixed with or coated over with 
the peculiar tough mucus, constituting a mucous flux of the in- 
testines, similar in character to that which it causes elsewhere. 
These are its primary effects. 
The secondary effects of Hydrastis can readily be imagined, 
namely : An obstinate constipation from one of two conditions,— 
(1) a chronic, torpid mucous secretion from the intestinal canal, 
which retards its peristaltic action, and the natural advance of the 376 
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
feces; (2) an unnatural dryness of the mucous surface, with hard, 
dry, knotty stools. 
We feel safe in asserting that Hydrastis will not be found useful 
in diarrhoeas of a severe character. An irritation of the mucous 
coats is its initial primary effect; this causes expulsion of feces of 
a “light-yellow color, and of a soft, mushy consistence.” After 
this come the mucous stools, with burning pain and faintness. In 
such conditions it should be used highly potentized. It is also 
indicated in the ordinary non-inflam matory mucous flux of the 
bowels, in which the lowest dilutions may be used, or the 6th trit. 
of Hydrastin, which corresponds to about the lx dil.of the tincture. 
Hydrastis is indicated in some forms of dysentery; in mucous 
enteritis, when of a catarrhal character, and the inflammation sub- 
acute, the Hydrastis at the third dilution will prove curative. In 
chronic enteritis, when the discharges are tenacious, slimy, and ac- 
companied with tenesmus, or when the feces are in the form of 
hard balls, coated over with yellowish, tough mucus, this medi- 
cine will be of service in the first and second potency. The topi- 
cal application of the remedy must not be forgotten in these cases. 
Enemas of Hydrastis will be found useful, and will bring about a 
cure unaided, or at any rate materially aid its internal action; 
when the disease is located in the rectum, this, form of application 
will be found particularly beneficial. 
It is certainly indicated in blennorrhoea of the intestines, as 
much so as the Muriate of ammonia. 
In ulceration of the rectum, occurring after bad cases of dysen- 
tery, the local application of Hydrastis will effect prompt cures; 
also in fissure of the anus. The cerate will be the best prepara- 
tion in these cases. 
In haemorrhoids this plant has some reputation. Reliable prac- 
titioners have assured me that they have cured the most obstinate 
cases by the alternate use of Hydrastis and Podophyllum, using 
enemas of Hydrastis every night. 
In excoriation of the anus, as it occurs in little children, or even 
adults, in diarrhoea and dysentery, no better remedy can be ad- 
vised ; it should be used in the form of a glycerole. 
I ought to give you some information as to the manner in which 
the Hydrastis cures jaundice. 
It causes jaundice evidently by inducing a calarrhal condition HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
377 
of the hepatic ducts. I am not sure that it can irritate the secre- 
tory function of the liver, although the persistent yellow stool would 
imply that it has such an influence. But this may be coincident 
with the catarrhal irritation. It may cause, coincidently, by its 
primary action, an increase of the secretory power of the liver, and 
an undue secretion of mucus from the hepatic ducts. This increase 
of mucus may go on to such an extent as to prevent the flow of 
bile from the liver into the gall-bladder, and from the gall-bladder 
into the intestines. Then it may induce jaundice from suppression 
and from retention, the former by its secondary action, the latter 
by its ultimate primary effect. 
Clinical experience in our school shows that it is capable of cur- 
ing very bad cases of jaundice. Dr. Albertson, of San Francisco, 
reported many cases, twenty in all, for the second edition of my 
“ New Remedies,” in which “ the skin and eyes were of a dark, 
greenish yellow; urine very dark, faeces light-colored, and great 
debility,” cured with this remedy in drop doses of the mother tinc- 
ture, in some cases ;*in others the first and second dilutions. 
It seems to be a favorite remedy with English physicians for 
constipation. Dr. Hastings reported many cases cured by its use 
in drop doses of the mother tincture. 
Dr. R. Hughes, of England, says of the Hydrastis canadensis: 
“ My chief experience with this drug has been in the treatment of 
constipation; for which it is a precious remedy, far superior to 
the Nux vomica usually prescribed. It is in cases where consti- 
pation stands alone, or is itself the cause of the other existing ail- 
ments, that I find the Hydrastis so valuable. I have used it in 
the potencies, from the first to the sixth decimal. The second has 
seemed to me to act most satisfactory.” 
Dr. Massy, in his notes on “New American Remedies,” men- 
tions it very favorably. 
In this country the testimony of many of our most prominent 
physicians is favorable to its curative power. 
In all the cases reported, as well as in the cases wherein I have 
found it successful, the constipation was of longstanding; had 
been aggravated by cathartic medicines; the patients were weak 
and enfeebled; the complexion sallow; the tongue foul; pain in 
lower bowels and rectum ; indigestion ; stools hard and nodulated. 
YOL. II.—25 378 
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
The best results have been obtained from the tincture, 1st and 2d 
dilutions, repeated two or three times a day. The following case, 
in the second edition of “ New Remedies/’ gives a good picture of 
the cases which Hydrastis cures : 
Mrs. H., age 26; light hair, pale complexion, and of feeble constitution; has 
from childhood drank tea; for ten or twelve years had attacks of headache with 
constipation. Three weeks after the birth of her first and only child, she was 
attacked while at stool with pains and soreness of the rectum and anus; burning, 
smarting pains, very severe, continuing often six or eight hours after each stool, 
with a hot sensation in the bowels, also colic and faintness. She has only one or 
two stools a week, very hard, and of a natural color. She has no falling of the 
rectum or but little pain in that region, except at the time her bowels move, and 
for several hours following. 
Her symptoms remained unchanged for two months under the use of Ignatia, 
Nux vomica, Pulsatilla, Sulphur, Nitric acid, warm water injections, and warm 
hip-baths. 
On turning my attention to the new remedies for assistance in this case, I se- 
lected Hydrastis canadensis as being the most appropriate. I gave the tincture, 
having no other form of the remedy at hand. Three drops in half a glass of 
cold soft water, one tablespoonful taken every six hours. 
In two weeks the pains in the rectum were wholly removed and the bowels 
regulated. Her colic, faintness, and heat in the abdomen also soon disappeared, 
leaving her well. It is now one year and six months since she took the Hy- 
drastis ; as yet no return of her former symptoms. 
No mention has been made of the diuretic action of Hydrastis, 
yet it would seem to have such effect; it needs confirmation, how- 
ever, and further provings may clear up the matter. From analogy 
it is more than probable that this medicine has the same effect 
upon the mucous membrane of the urinary organs that it has upon 
the mouth, nose, and fauces above alluded to. Theresinoid prin- 
ciple of the drug may be eliminated through the kidneys, the 
same as Turpentine, Copaiva, and others ; if so, it would un- 
doubtedly cause those blennorrhagic conditions of the bladder, ure- 
thra, etc., for which it has been considered almost a specific. 
King, and every other eclectic writer on therapeutics, asserts its 
“great value in gleet, chronic gonorrhoea, incipient stricture, sper- 
matorrhoea, and inflammation and xdceration of the whole internal 
coat of the bladder.” “ Many cases of ulceration of the internal 
coat of the bladder have been cured by the decoction of Hydrastis 
alone. It must be injected into the bladder and held there as long 
as they can conveniently retain it—to be repeated three or four 
times a day, immediately after emptying the bladder.” It may HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
379 
be prepared as follows : Tincture hydrastis can., one drachm ; hot 
water, one pint; injected about blood heat. Its internal use alone 
would undoubtedly cure the disease, but it would require a longer 
time. I have cured cystic blennorrhoea with Copaiva, Chimaphila, 
and Uva ursi internally. 
In chronic gonorrhoea or urethral blennorrhoea the Hydrastis is 
popular with some practitioners of our school. They use it after 
all the inflammatory symptoms have subsided, and a thick yellow 
or green tenacious discharge persists. It is prescribed internally 
(low dilution), and the dilute tincture or watery extract injected. 
I have rarely met with cases which appeared to indicate it, and 
therefore have not used it in this disease. A cachectic condition, 
with indigestion and constipation, would be a good general indi- 
cation in such cases. It would be as fully, if not better indicated 
in obstinate gleet. 
In balanorrhcea it is an excellent remedy. It need only be used 
as a wash, and the diseased surface will soon be restored to its 
normal condition. 
In conjunction with Phosphoric acid, it is one of our best reme- 
dies for the debility and general derangement resulting from sper- 
matorrhoea. If there is spinal exhaustion, it should alternate with 
Nux vomica or Strychnia. 
No provings of Hydrastis have been made by women. 
The knowledge that we possess relative to the value of this 
remedy in diseases of the organs of generation of that sex has been 
obtained ex uso in mortis. Reasoning from analogy, we should 
naturally arrive at the opinion that it would be useful in many 
diseases of the uterus and vagina in which a blennorrhoea is the pre- 
dominant symptom. Clinical experience has verified this opinion. 
I have found it one of our most efficient remedies against uterine 
catarrh—known by its synonyms of chronic mucous metritis and 
chronic mucous cervicitis. The former is a disorder affecting the 
mucous lining of the uterine cavity, which may be eroded, and 
discharge constantly a purulent secretion, mixed with tough, stringy 
mucus. The latter affects only the glandular portion of the cer- 
vix uteri, and the discharge is tenacious mucus, transparent or 
yellow, and often hangs in long ropes from the os uteri. 
In such conditions I give the Hydrastis internally, in the low 380 
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
dilutions, and use a lotion of the watery infusion directly to the 
diseased surface. 
When the os is open enough to allow its ready escape, or when 
it can be made so by the introduction of sponge tents, I inject an 
ounce of Hydrastis water into the cavity every day. If this is 
not feasible, a swab of cotton, on a silver probe or sound, or med- 
icated gelatin bougie, can be medicated with Hydrastis muriate, 
and the cavity of the uterus or cervical canal wiped out every day. 
In the majority of cases this gentle treatment suffices. In ob- 
stinate cases, when extensive granulation has taken place, the 
Hydrastis applications may be followed by dilute Kali bichroiui- 
cura or Chromic acid ; and Kali bich., Cubebs, and Phytolacca to 
be used internally at the same time. 
In epithelial abrasion of the os, cervix, and vagina, it is one of 
our best applications. In these cases I prefer to apply it on a 
tampon, i. e., a ball of clean white cotton, to which a cord is at- 
tached, saturated with Glycerole of hydrastis, and placed against 
the os through a speculum. 
(Aqua hydrastis is best made by infusing §j of Pulv. rad. hy- 
drastis, in a pint or quart of water, to which add half an ounce or 
an ounce of Glycerin. Glycerole of hydrastis may be made by in- 
creasing the strength of the above about nine-tenths, or using §j 
of Tine, hydrastis with §j of Glycerin and water each.) 
Vaginal leucorrlioea is often successfully treated by means of 
enemas of Hydrastis water, even when much irritation is present. 
In cancer of the uterus and vagina, it has no curative value, but 
appears to modify the secretions and allay the pain a little, but it 
does not compare in efficacy with Carbolic acid or Chloride of zinc. 
You must bear in mind that the general condition of the pa- 
tient will often give you the strongest indication for the use of 
Hydrastis, namely, the cachectic state, the weak muscular power, 
the poor digestion, and obstinate constipation. 
In that obstinate affection, vaginal leucorrlioea (catarrh) of in- 
fancy and childhood, you may have to prescribe injections of Aqua 
hydrastis, while you are giving internally Calc. carb. and Sepia. 
Although our eclectic colleagues recommend it in “all chronic, 
and even acute inflammations of mucous membranes,” yet they 
make no mention of its use in catarrh of the air-passages. The 
pathogenetic symptoms point directly to its effects on the respira- HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
381 
tory tract. It causes many notable catarrhal symptoms. I would 
recommend it, theoretically, in acute catarrhs—nasal, laryngeal, 
and bronchial (in the 6th dilution), also in chronic catarrhs of 
those passages. It is homoeopathic when the discharge is thick, 
yellowish, very tenacious, “ stringy/’ and profuse. In these cases 
the low attenuations should be used, aided, when practicable, by 
the topical application in the form of injection. In the bronchial 
catarrh of old people, with debility, loss of appetite, cachectic con- 
ditions, it should prove very useful. 
Dr. Small reports the case of a child affected with a chronic ca- 
tarrhal cough, accompanied with febrile paroxysms in the evening 
and night, with debility. The cough was rough, harsh, and rat- 
tling, and continued day and night. After using many medicines 
with but little benefit, he gave Hydrastis 2d, and the cough and 
fever both disappeared in a few days. Under its continuance the 
child gained appetite and strength. 
Since the introduction of the steam atomizer and various spray- 
inhalers, my favorite method of obtaining the curative action of 
this medicine in the bronchial catarrhs, is to throw the spray down 
the throat, when it is inhaled and moistens the whole bronchial 
mucous surface. The Aqua hydrastis of the strength above recom- 
mended cannot injure the most delicate mucous surfaces. I have 
often thrown the spray into the eyes in cases of chronic conjuncti- 
vitis, and the patients invariably felt only grateful relief. 
I have alluded to the use of Hydrastis, and its active principle, 
Hyd rastin, by the eclectics in the treatment of intermittent fever. 
Those of that school who claim the most thorough knowledge of 
its curative action, assert that the yellow alkaloid, or Hydrastina, 
is the one which possesses antiperiodic powers. This Hydrastina 
is the same as Berberina, obtained from the Berberis (Bayberry). 
I learn that Dr. Pulte, of Cincinnati, one of the best known phy- 
sicians of our school, recommends the use of Berberina in ague and 
fever, and other periodic affections, on the ground that it causes no 
stimulation or congestion of the head as does Quinine. At one 
time during my early practice in the most malarious portion of 
Michigan I tried the Hydrastin in many cases, but in none did it 
answer my expectations, and while eclectic physicians in my 
vicinity claimed to cure ague with it, I found that they generally 
combined it with Quinine, Salicin, or Prussiate of iron. 382 
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
The provings so far have not developed any characteristic febrile 
symptoms, nor do I believe it is a fever remedy in any sense. If 
it arrests ague it does so, probably, by its general restorative action, 
in a manner similar to many other bitter medicines. 
The Sulphate of hydrastina is the best preparation when we 
wish to get the pure tonic power of the drug. It should be pre- 
pared in triturations. It is soluble in water, but not in alcohol. 
Dr. Clifton, of Northampton, England, writes as follows of 
Hydrastis in dyspepsia. He gives the following indications: 
1. The Facial Expression. 
This is dull, heavy, of a yellowish-white color, sodden-looking, not unlike that 
in which Mercurius is indicated, but whiter and having less animation. Though 
there is in its provings no reference to the expression or complexion, as affording 
reasons for selecting Hydrastis, I have frequently found that when the gastric 
symptoms calling for this medicine have been present the character of the face 
has been that I have described. 
The tongue is large, flabby, and slimy-looking. Underneath the fur the tongue 
is of a bluish-white color, having in its edges the imprints of teeth. So far it is 
like the Mercurius tongue, but lacks the tremulous character of this organ, so 
often seen in cases benefited by Mercurius. The coating is a yellow, slimy, 
sticky fur. 
There are morbid states occurring in other organs to which Hydrastis is 
homoeopathic, but where the appearances of the face and tongue I have described 
are not present. In the dyspepsia it relieves. Both are met with. 
2. Tongue. 
3. Eructations. 
These are generally sour or putrid, and more commonly the former than the 
latter. 
4. Appetite. 
The appetite is generally bad; the power of digesting bread and vegetables 
being especially weak. Both are followed by eructations. 
5. Stomach. 
There is in the stomach a sensation of weight (not as after Nux and Bryonia, 
“weight like a stone”), and with the weight and fulness, an empty, aching, 
“ gone ” feeling, more or less constant, but aggravated by taking a meal. The 
aching “ gone ” feeling is something like that produced by Gelseminum, but is 
attended with more general fulness of the stomach, and more sour eructations. 
Further, although the Gelseminum tongue is sometimes coated white or yellow, 
it is not so large and flabby as is the Hydrastis tongue. This symptom is, I am 
aware, produced by many other medicines besides Gelseminum, especially by 
Ignatia and Cimicifuga, but Ignatia and other medicines do not give rise to the 
other symptoms peculiar to Hydrastis. In tea-drinkers this symptom occurs fre- HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS—HYDROBROMIC ACID. 
383 
quently, but with them the tongue is generally white (except when colored by 
the tea), and in their dyspepsia China is often found to answer better than other 
medicines, especially in removing the flatulence with which they are commonly 
troubled. 
This may he either infrequent and constipated, or frequent, with the stools 
loose, soft, light-colored, and with flatus. But as a rule the bowels are constipated, 
and stools lumpy and covered with slimy mucus in cases indicating Hydrastis. 
6. Action of the Bowels. 
7. The Phthisical Constitution. 
I say phthisical constitution, because there is a dyspepsia which often occurs in 
persons in whom phthisis is fully developed. They are patients, members of 
whose families have died of phthisis, but who, without having tubercles in the 
lungs, suffer every three or four weeks or longer from what they call bilious attacks 
and indigestion. Such pei’sons generally have dyspepsia marked by the symp- 
toms I have named. Here Hydrastis, in one or two drop doses of the mother 
tincture two or three times a day, works marvellous changes for the better. Then, 
again, in persons with developed phthisis pulmonalis, with cough, purulent 
expectoration, emaciation, furred tongue, loss of appetite, “goneness” at stomach, 
flatulence in the bowels, faint feeling after stool, stools generally loose and fre- 
quent—in such cases Hydrastis in alternation with Arsenicum will often prove 
very beneficial. Iodide of arsenic is also useful, but where it is so the tongue is 
generally less furred, and there is less flatulence. The late Dr. Marston called 
attention to the value of Calcarea carbonica in the dyspepsia of phthisical patients 
who had “ fulness of the stomach, acidity, dislike to meat and hot food, with pain 
and pressure in the stomach, vomiting and headache.” I can quite indorse his 
observations, but in such cases nightsweats and other symptoms of Calcarea are 
generally present, which we do not find to have been caused by Hydrastis. 
I have not alluded to one symptom, printed in italics in Hale’s article on 
Hydrastis, viz., “great sense of sinking and prostration at the epigastrium, with 
violent and long-continued palpitation of the heart.” I have never noticed this 
symptom to have occurred in patients for whom I have prescribed Hydrastis, 
even in doses of five drops of the mother tincture, neither do I remember ever 
having given it for that symptom. 
In Hydrastis dyspepsia I have generally found the lower dilutions, such as the 
1st decimal, answer best; but in catarrh of the head, nose, and fauces, indicating 
this remedy, I generally give the 6th centesimal, as in nearly all the provings of 
this medicine by dilutions, up to 30, catarrh of these parts was most marked. 
HYDROBBOMIO ACID. 
In this acid resides the hypnotic and nervine properties of the 
bromides. Each drop of the pure concentrated acid should repre- 
sent the medicinal power of one grain of any of the Bromide salts. 
The acid possesses properties which the bromides do not possess, 
while each bromide possesses, in addition to the medicinal action 
of the acid, properties which belong to the alkali with which the 
acid is united. 384 
HYDROBROMIC ACID. 
Twenty to thirty drops of the pure acid may be given in cases of 
sleeplessness from mental or emotional irritation ; cerebral irritation 
from overwork and business worry; and even cerebral congestion. 
It has many advantages over the bromides. It rarely disagrees with 
the stomach; it causes no eruptions, acne, etc.; the taste is pleasant 
when diluted with water and sweetened, or not, as the patient likes. 
Its use can be continued longer without causing pathogenetic 
symptoms. It can be given in fever and inflammations when the 
bromides are not well borne. Besides, in common with all acids, 
it possesses tonic properties, increasing the appetite and “ cooling 
the blood.” 
One indication guides me in the selection of the acid instead of 
the bromides, namely, a red tongue, inclined to be dry. The brom- 
ides are better indicated in a white, pale, flabby tongue. 
I have found it useful in the nervous fretfulness of children 
when teething, or from heat, even when feverish, when Aconite or 
Coflea did not seem efficient. My method of administration is to 
put 15 or 20 drops of the acid into as many teaspoonfuls of sweet- 
ened water, and prescribe a teaspoonful every half hour or hour. 
In the hysterical erethism of nervous women who suffer from 
the effects of social dissipation, this acid acts admirably; a teaspoon- 
ful of the 7V dilution (always made with water), repeated every 
hour or two, exercises a soothing effect which we cannot always get 
from other remedies. 
Its power over reflex action is probably inferior to the salts of 
Bromine, but in mild cases of reflex irritation I should expect good 
results from it. 
This acid was and is still used by some practitioners to modify the 
effects of Quinine on the brain. Added to a solution of Quinine 
in the proportion of 10 drops to each two grains, it prevents the 
ringing in the ears, the headache, and the cerebral congestion of 
that drug. It does this by contracting the cerebral bloodvessels 
and thus prevents the abnormal intracranial blood pressure. 
It has also been used successfully for tinnitis aurium, “ surring ” 
and throbbing in the ears, flushed face, heat and heaviness in the 
head of plethoric persons. I have used it for these symptoms in 
women with scanty menses with good results. (Dose 5 to 10 drops 
3 or 4 times a day.) HYDROBKOMIC ACID—HYDROPHYLLUM VIRGINIANUM. 
385 
I believe it would be superior to the bromides in that form of 
plethora from celibacy with repressed sexual functions. 
The above curative powers belong to the secondary action of 
the acid. 
There is another condition of the system, characterized by hebe- 
tude of mind, tendency to sleep, semi-stupor, with restlessness, red 
tongue, great weakness, etc. I have used this acid in these condi- 
tions, and find it equal to phosphoric, but the latter is secondarily 
homoeopathic to that state. The former should be given in the 
3d or 6th aqueous dilution, repeated every few hours. 
HYDROPHYLLUM VIRGINIANUM. 
The meagre knowledge which we possess of the medicinal uses 
of this plant, was given to the profession by Dr. P. B. Hoyt, of 
Indianapolis, in a paper read by him before the Indiana State 
Society. He says: 
My attention was first called to this plant in 1860, near Nashville, Tenn. While 
strolling on the banks of the Cumberland River, I discovered on a bluff near by 
a cluster of beautiful blue flowers, which I gathered. 
Not more than ten or fifteen minutes after, my eyes began to water and burn, 
with slight itching. This continued to increase till when I arrived at my board- 
ing-house I was suffering quite severely. I found that my eyelids were swollen 
and the sclerotica much injected, presenting a fiery redness, and there was some 
sensitiveness to light. These symptoms continued through the afternoon and 
evening, and kept me awake for some time. In the morning my eyelids were ag- 
glutinated, and on opening my eyes they were quite sensitive to the light. The 
burning and smarting was less, still, my eyes discharged water, more or less, for 
two or three days. The symptoms gradually subsided and in a week I was well 
again. 
Dr. Hoyt states that twice afterwards he had the same eye- 
symptoms after gathering the plant. He says lie tested it in one case 
of catarrhal inflammation of the eyes, which it cured “like magic.” 
I cannot find any mention of this plant except in Rafinesque’s 
“ Medical Botany,” and he quotes Schoepf, as saying that the “ Hy- 
drophyllum canadensis is used against the bites of snakes, and the 
poisonous erysipelas produced by Rhus.'” It would seem by this 
that it has cured eruptions similar to that which it causes. 
Gray says there are four species of Hydrophyllum (Waterleaf), 
all growing in the United States. 
I should judge they resembled in their effects Euphrasia, Pul- 
satilla, and Rhus, but this is only conjecture. 386 
THE HYPOPHOSPHITES. 
THE HYPOPHOSPHITES. 
The salts of Hypophosphorousacid, or those known as the alka- 
line hypophosphites, were introduced into the practice of medicine 
nearly twelve years ago, by Professor Churchill. He was very 
sanguine that he had discovered in them the specific remedies for 
phthisis and many tubercular diseases. He did not claim that 
they would cure advanced cases, nor such as were persistently 
hereditary. Plis theory was that phthisis and tuberculosis was 
due to a deficiency of phosphorus in the system; that the hypo- 
phosphites were decomposed in the stomach, and the phosphorus 
was assimilated. He believed that this was the only way that 
free Phosphorus could be safely taken into the system. 
The allopathic school treated these medicines as they do all 
new medicines—used them in excessive quantities and in all cases. 
They expected too much from them, and not having any charac- 
teristic indications for their use, they failed in nearly all cases, and 
finally rejected them almost altogether. 
It remained for our school to take them up and use them in a 
scientific manner, selecting each one from special indications based 
on our provings of Phosphorus and the alkaline bases of which 
they are composed. 
Take for example the Hypophosphite of lime (Calcis hypophos- 
phis). If we wish to select this medicine in a case of pulmonary 
difficulty, we must note down, as Hahnemann recommended, all 
the symptoms of the case, and then examine the pathogenesis of 
Calearea and Phosphorus, or Phosphoric acid, and if they cover 
the totality of the symptoms, the Calc. hypo, is the homoeopathic 
remedy. I am well aware that we cannot always predict that the 
union of an acid with an alkali will result in a medicine which 
shall comprise the qualities of both. New qualities may arise, as 
is the case with the bromides; but many years’ experience with 
the Hyphosphites enables me to assert that the action of Calc, 
hypo, is very similar to the action of Calc. phos. and Phos. ac. 
We have no systematic provings, but fortunately Hr. Churchill 
has left us some valuable observations, which confirm my opinion ; 
e. g., he says of the HYPOPHOSPHITE OF LIME. 
387 
HYPOPHOSPHITE OF LIME, 
That its pathogenetic (primary) action is to cause “a well-marked 
increase of nervous force; a remarkable increase of health and 
strength ; calm and profound sleep; plethora, with a tendency to 
haemorrhages; haemorrhoids bleed for the first time, or commence 
under its use; profuseepistaxis; pulmonary haemorrhages; profuse 
and frequent menses; great increase of appetite; fulness of the 
bloodvessels of the hands and feetand he warns against the ex- 
cessive use of it, for “large doses tend to cause the development 
of the pulmonary inflammation unhappily” so frequent and fatal 
among consumptives.” 
We have seen pictured very vividly the chief pathological effects 
of the primary overstimulation of Calcarea and Phosphorus. If 
given to prevent the development of phthisis, it may cause the 
very conditions you wish to avoid, if you use too large doses. For 
symptoms leading to plethora, haemorrhage, or pulmonary inflam- 
mation, you should not use lower than the sixth trituration. I 
prefer this medicine in many of that class of cases where I used to 
give Calcarea and Phosphoric acid. 
My experience with Calcis hypo, enables me to speak with con- 
siderable certainty, for I have found it useful in incipient phthisis, 
with hacking cough, hectic fever, nightsweats, scanty and delay- 
ing menses, great nervous prostration, great tenderness of the outer 
thorax and rawness in the chest, haemorrhage from the lungs at 
the time the menses should occur, tendency to cold hands and 
feet, quick pulse, etc. 
Given in grain doses of the 1st, 2d, or 3d triturations, it often 
acts beautifully in restoring the patient in a short time. 
Not only is it useful in pulmonary complaints, but it is one of 
the best remedies we have for so-called scrofulous manifestations. 
It answers fully Hahnemann’s indications for the use of Calc, 
carb. in scrofulous affections, especially when occurring in chil- 
dren, namely, the overgrowth, the large head and open fontanels, 
the distended abdomen, the tendency to swelling of lymphatic 
glands, the tendency to brain affections, to catarrhal discharges, 
abscesses, etc. 
It is excellent in the morbid physical development and mental 388 
HYPOPHOSPHITE OF LIME. 
precocity of young persons about the age of puberty, but in such 
cases it should be used in the high attenuations (30th trit.). 
For too late appearance of puberty, with lax fibre, and in fat, 
lymphatic persons, with languid circulation, torpid intellect and 
stupid mental condition, this medicine in grain doses of the T’0th, 
or even the crude, given with the meals, often acts very favorably. 
I have succeeded in curing several cases of incipient tubercular 
meningitis in children with this salt, in about the same doses. 
The symptoms and conditions will be found in Vol. I, “Special 
Sy m ptomatology.” 
There is a condition into which children often lapse after attacks 
of exhausting diseases. It is called the hydrocephaloid disease, 
and is often mistaken for true hydrocephalus. Adults, after severe 
fever and prostrating maladies, often get into the same state. 
In this condition the Calc, hypo., aided by a liberal diet and 
the careful use of stimulants, will quickly cause the patient to 
rally from the apparently dangerous state. 
After exhausting diseases of any kind, patients are often an- 
noyed by a hacking cough, with soreness and tenderness of the 
chest. Calc. hypo, cures this cough. 
In marasmus, from mesenteric disease, I know of no better 
remedy, especially if the child has previously been too fat, of 
flabby flesh, etc. 
In common with many others of our school, I find it, alone, or 
in connection with China, the most useful remedy we possess 
against the effects of exhausting discharges of blood, semen, 
mucus, pus, or auy abnormal secretion. 
In suspicious chronic diarrhoea, when phthisis abdominalis is 
feared; in wasting leucorrhcea, from the uterus and vagina; in 
diseases of the bones, with caries and purulent discharges, and 
spinal curvature in strumous children, and even in rachitis, you 
will find it a remedy not to be dispensed with. 
The Calc. carb. has been used since the time of Hahnemann, 
to facilitate the process of teething in children, and for deficient 
growth of osseous structures. Where the trouble depends on the 
scrofulous diathesis alone, that preparation will suffice; but in 
cases where the nervous energy of the child’s system is deficient, 
the Calc, hypophos. is greatly superior. On the contrary, if the 389 
HYPOPHOSPHITE OF POTASSA. 
nervous and vascular systems are in an excited and irritable condi- 
tion, and congestions or spasms, or both, are threatening, I prefer 
the Calc. brom. to any other preparation of lime. 
Since the last edition there appeared in the “ Hahnemannian 
Monthly” a proving of Hypophosphite of lime, by A.R. Barrett, 
M.D., of Richmond, Va., which I give entire: 
I had just been reading a pamphlet upon the use of Hypophosphite of lime in 
phthisis, and having some of the 2d decimal trituration, I experimented a little 
with it. A friend was in my office at the time who took some also; we each took one 
grain. The symptoms, which followed within an hour, and continued possibly 
an hour or more, are these: We first felt a dull heavy pain, pressive, on top of 
the head, across the whole top, between the frontal and occipital bones; it grad- 
ually increased and we correspondingly grew gradually more depressed in feelings; 
then followed great fulness and sensation of oppression around the heart, and a 
fulness throughout the whole thorax and head, the veins upon the hands, arms, 
neck, and head standing out like cords; no flushing, no perceptible increase in 
pulse; had a difficulty of breathing, must have window open ; profuse sweat all 
over; limbs perfectly powerless; unable to arise from the chair, or move either 
arms or legs in the least; gradually we found ourselves unable to speak except in 
low monotone, evidently from muscular inability. There seemed to be a total 
loss of all desire, together with inability, to move or make any muscular exertion. 
These symptoms were perhaps an hour reaching this point, lasted about half an 
hour, then began gradually to pass off. As they did so the pain left the top of 
the head and passed to the forehead; pain extending from right to left temple 
throughout the extent of the whole frontal bone, a dull pressive pain ; the mus- 
cular system gradually recovered its power of action; sense of dilatation and 
oppression around heart and thorax passed away, and finally we were left with 
only a sense of mental depression. 
There was no pain anywhere except that mentioned. We are both under 40 
years of age (between 35 and 40), weigh about 120 or 125 pounds, light com- 
plexion, light hair, nervo-sanguine temperament, both in good health. I have 
never seen any proving of Hypophosphite of lime. 
It seemed evident to me that the nerve centres were powerfully affected, and 
that the symptoms were of a paralytic nature. When the symptoms had passed 
off our lips seemed dry and cracked as from fever, and we had considerable 
thirst, but the pulse showed no variation from its normal condition (75 to 80), 
except possibly being a li ttle more feeble than usual, part of the time ; tempera- 
ture was normal. 
HYPOPHOSPHITE OF POTASSA. 
This salt has a different range of action from the Calc, hypo- 
phos. The latter acts by preference on the nervous and bony 390 
HYPOPHOSPHITE OF POTASSA. 
structures, on the glands and the assimilative functions, while 
the former acts on the muscular system, as well as on the nervous, 
and while it has some action on the same tissues and functions as 
the lime, that action is not as intense. 
The potash-salts are all muscular-tissue remedies. Study the 
action of Kali carb. and Phosphorus, and you will find pictured 
forth in them the salient features of this salt. 
A characteristic indication for the use of this remedy is “ great 
debility, especially when attended by marasmus and wasting of 
muscular tissue.” Another, equally characteristic, is the presence 
of that condition so thoroughly described by Dr. Inman, namely, 
myalgia, or a painful condition of the muscles of the whole body. 
Under this name is included all those conditions which are er- 
roneously called chronic muscular rheumatism, pleurodynia, spi- 
nal irritation, lameness, cramps, and it even simulates peritonitis! 
The potash-salt affects the bronchial mucous membrane in pref- 
erence to the parenchyma of the lungs, and is most useful in 
asthma and chronic bronchitis. In lung affections, attended with 
severe thoracic pains, it is, like Kali carb., a splendid remedy. It 
relieves the pains from excessive coughing, and brings back a 
cough in patients whose thoracic muscles have become so weak 
that they cannot cough. 
Like Phosphoric acid and China it restores the health, when 
broken down by loss of fluids, especially the muscular weakness 
from undue lactation, from loss of semen, loss of the phosphates 
(in the urine), and profuse expectoration in phthisis. 
It is an excellent remedy in that condition known as oxaluria, 
with dyspepsia, lowness of spirits, emaciation, etc. 
It is one of the best of the few' antidotes we have for the effects 
of excessive tea-drinking, or rather for the excessive use of tea, 
without a proper amount of nutritious food at the same time. 
Tea, even green tea, can be used largely without injurious effects, 
if an abundance of nitrogenous food, such as beef, mutton, fat, 
eggs, etc., is taken with it. The potash takes their place to a cer- 
tain extent, and prevents further waste for a time. 
In ancemia with emaciation, this salt should always be given 
with the preparations of Ferrum, for it aids the action of Iron 
greatly. In anaemia or chlorosis, without loss of flesh, but a HYPOPHOSPIIITE OF POTASSA—IBERIS AMARA. 
391 
bloated or dropsical tendency, the Calcarea, or Natrurn salt, is 
more appropriate. 
The remedies which alternate or follow with good effect the 
Kali hypophos. are China, Hydrastis, Helonias, and Aletris. In 
pulmonary affections it is often alternated with Rumex, Sanguin- 
aria, and Sulphur, with good results. 
The Hypophosphites of soda (Natrum), of Iron, of Ammonia, 
and Zinc, have been used, but not very extensively, except the 
Soda salt, which is a great favorite with me in general nervous 
debility, uncomplicated with other ailments. A reference to Vol. I 
will show that in the conditions mentioned the Kali hypo, has 
usually been given in doses of one quarter to one or more grains 
several times a day. In my practice I use the aqueous tincture and 
the first and second decimal aqueous dilutions in doses of ten to 
thirty drops. It cannot be triturated owing to its deliquescent 
character. The mother tincture is made by adding one drachm 
to nine drachms of distilled water. 
IBERIS AMARA. 
The Iberis (Candy-tuft) belongs to the family Oruciferce, of 
which Sinapis (Mustard), Raphanus (Radish), and Thlaspi (Shep- 
herd’s purse), are members. The genus was named Iberus by Dios- 
corides, and the name is supposed to be derived from Iberia 
(Spain), its place of natural growth. The habitat of all but one 
species is the south of Europe. The Iberis amara is a native of 
England, and is found in great plenty in Berkshire. None of 
the species are North American. 
The Lepidium boniraense of South America, a near relation of 
Iberus, has been proved bv Dr. Mure, of Brazil. Its heart symp- 
toms are notable, and resemble those of the Iberis amara. 
My attention was first called to this medicine by a brief obser- 
vation in Wood’s “ Practice,” vol. ii, p. 184, where, in giving the 
treatment of hypertrophy of the heart, he mentions that “ Dr. Syl- 
vester speaks highly of the Iberis amara in that disease. He 
gives the seeds, rubbed to powder with Cream of tartar, in doses 
of one to three grains. The remedy was first brought into notice 
by the late Dr. Williams, of London.” 392 
IBERIS AMARA. 
Since my attention has been specially directed to cardiac dis- 
eases, I have frequently been tempted to prescribe Iberis, but we 
had no proving to guide me in its selection. But in the winter 
of 1871-72 I found three students in the class of Hahnemann 
Medical College who were willing to make provings of the drug. 
These provings fully verified the supposition that it had a specific 
action on the heart. They were published in the “ United States 
Medical and Surgical Journal/’ of 1872, pages 295-313. The 
pro vers were Drs. Sabin, Dodge, and Magee, and their principal 
symptoms agree very well. 
The sphere of action of Iberis is undoubtedly upon the heart, 
and those organs most under its influence. In its affinity for the 
heart it may in time rival Digitalis, Cactus, Collinsonia, and Ly- 
copifs. 
The primary effect of Iberis appears to be to lessen the force 
of the heart’s action without lessening its velocity. “ It possesses 
the property of controlling the violence and sharp action of the 
heart, and softening the pulse; hence its great value in hypertrophy 
with dropsy.” (Sylvester.) The italics are my own ; they give 
standing to the provings, for you will observe that the pulse was 
softened in the provers, even during palpitations. Primarily, then, 
it depresses the force or impulse of the heart, when given in doses 
of one to three grains several times a day. It is to be presumed 
that the hypertrophy which it remedied in Dr. Williams’s prac- 
tice was from thickening of the heart’s walls, a condition in which 
the impulse is powerful. Hypertrophy, with dilatation, has im- 
pulse not powerful, but with excessive action. While it was pri- 
marily homoeopathic to the latter condition, I think it would be 
secondarily indicated in the former, for if it depresses the heart 
for a long time, the reaction (or secondary effect) would be to the 
other extreme. 
I imagine that it does not act on the accelerator or the retard- 
ator nerves of the heart, but either on the nerves which supply 
the heart with its force, or upon the ganglia of the heart itself. 
One characteristic of the drug appears to be that its primary 
depressing action is rather transient; the secondary, or exciting, 
more persistent. 
Its action on the liver, kidneys, and chest, so far as the symptoms IBERIS AMARA. 
393 
go, appear to indicate that it acts like Digitalis. Like Digitalis, 
it causes severe vertigo and intermittent pulse, but does not cause 
the slowing characteristic of Digitalis. 
I have used it in a few cases of hypertrophy with dilatation, 
when there was excessive action without much force, vertigo, scanty 
urine, clay-colored stools, and troublesome cough. These symp- 
toms it appeared to remove. I used the 3d dilution, in five-drop 
doses, every four hours. 
In hypertrophy with enlargement, I should use it in the same 
doses of the 1st dilution or trituration of the seeds. 
Dr. Williams used it successfully in asthma, probably cardiac 
dyspnoea; in bronchitis, perhaps from cardiac trouble; and dropsy, 
undoubtedly cardiac. 
Dr. Sylvester says he has “prescribed it for ten years, in nu- 
merous instances, for these diseases, always with some benefit, and 
sometimes with almost magical efficiency.” He admits that in 
his doses it “occasionally induced giddiness, sickness (nausea), 
and diarrhoea.” 
The ancients made much use of Iberis. Pliny says it was used 
in gout. Galen used it in “ rheumatic affections of the hip-joint” 
Archigenes prescribed it in disease of the spleen and hip. 
It is worth while to observe that the Nasturtium, a plant akin 
to Iberis, is used in dyspnoea. Many of the “Cresses” are used 
in asthma. Iberis is a cress. 
It may be that it is specially homoeopathic to diseases of the 
heart of a rheumatic or gouty nature. 
Theoretically I would advise you to try it in jaundice occurring 
in persons with heart disease; in bronchial cough from a similar 
cause; and in some congestions of the head in young persons about 
puberty, in elderly persons, or women at the change of life. 
Since the provings were published, two years ago, no report of 
its clinical use has been made, nor have I heard of its use in 
other hands than mine. 
I have been surprised at this, for our cardiac remedies are not 
many, and those we have are not fully developed. 
YOL. II.—26 394 
IODIDE OF ARSENIC. 
IODIDE OF ARSENIC. 
This preparation of Arsenic has been a favorite remedy in my 
practice for many years. Its sphere of action is quite decided. I 
know of no medicine which is so certain in its curative action 
when prescribed according to its characteristic indication. That 
indication is sharp and well defined. It is the peculiar and persist- 
ently irritating, corrosive character of all the discharges. No mat- 
ter what the disease is; no matter from what source the discharge 
arises; if the discharge irritates the membrane from which it flows, 
and over which it flows, this medicine is fully indicated. In this 
respect it resembles Nitric acid, Ailanthus, Arum, Arsenic, and a 
few others; but none possess the symptoms as prominently as 
this. The discharge is often fetid, not always ; it is generally 
watery, not always ; the mucous membrane, where it has its origin, 
is always red, angry, and sometimes swollen. 
When the discharges (especially in catarrh or influenza) are at- 
tended with alternate chills and heat, I give it alone. When there 
is heat alone, or chills alone, especially if the chills run up the 
back, I alternate it with Gelseminum. (Gelseminum has a dis- 
charge thin, watery, and profuse, but not corrosive and irritating.) 
The diseases in which I have found it useful, and in which it 
generally acts speedily, are 
Epidemic influenza, whether a catarrhal fever, a “ bad cold,” or 
the “ epizootic,” so called. When the “ horse disease ” swept over 
this country I carefully studied the symptoms as narrated by the 
newspapers, and I resolved, in case it reached Chicago, I would 
give the Iodide of arsenic to my horses if attacked. I saw many 
cases in all stages, and was struck with the similarity of all the 
symptoms, and the general condition of the animals, to the symp- 
toms of Arsenic, particularly the iodide. I publicly advised its 
use, and gave it to my horses, and to those of my neighbors, as a 
prophylactic. The result was that in many cases it cut short the 
disease when well under way, and prevented, almost entirely, its 
attacks in those horses to whom it had been given as a preventive. 
The disease afterwards attacked men, women, and children, and 
this medicine was the specific remedy in nearly every easel treated, IODIDE OF AESENIC. 
395 
although, as before mentioned, Gelseminum was of great assist- 
ance. 
It is the nearest to a specific for catarrhus cestivus, or hay-fever, 
that we now possess. I have cured many cases of years’ standing; 
I have modified many habitual attacks so that they became bear- 
able and did not drive the patients to Mackinaw. And in many 
epidemics similar to hay-fever it acted magically, sometimes ar- 
resting the attacks in a few hours. 
In old nasal catarrhs, when the discharge becomes bloody and 
fetid, scabs and pus come from the nose, and the irritation extends 
to the throat, the Iodide of arsenic, continued for some time, to- 
gether with the use of a douche of Glycerin and water, effectually 
cures. In these cases it is superior to Silica, Hepar sulph., or 
Kali bich., so highly praised in our text-books. 
It is equally valuable in chronic scrofulous ophthalmia, with ul- 
ceration ; in otorrhoea with fetid, corrosive discharge; in corrosive 
leucorrhcea with too frequent and profuse menses (generally with 
ulceration of the os); in diarrhoea (so common in children and in 
consumptives), when the evacuations “scald,” irritate, and make 
the parts sore and excoriated. 
In malignant diphtheria, scarlet fever, and small-pox, it should 
never be forgotten, for it will effect an alteration of the malignant 
processes quicker and surer than any other medicine. 
I have found it of great value in hypertrophy of the heart with 
dilatation, when the patient was troubled with severe and violent 
palpitations, with great anxiety in the region of the prsecordia, 
asthma and dry cough. 
It has been found very beneficial in aphonia when occurring in 
thin, impoverished persons, in whom some psoric taint manifests 
itself in the form of a dry, scaly eruption on the skin. 
Cough.—It has cured a chronic dry cough in patients resembling 
those first described. 
Marasmus ought to be cured by this preparation more speedily 
than by Iodine or Arsenic alone. 
Tumors of a malignant character.—Dr. L. B. Wells, of Utica, 
N. Y., cured a lady, of forty-nine, of a swollen gland in the left 
axilla, size of a hen’s egg, hard, and exuding a fluid which formed 
a hard, brown crust. The tumor was very painful and sensitive 396 
IODIDE OF ARSENIC—IODIDE OF BARYTA. 
to the touch. The breast of the same side was also enlarged, 
indurated, and very sore. She also had yellow, bloody, and irri- 
tating leucorrhoea, with swelling of the labia. Iod. of Ars. 6th 
cured the whole in a few weeks. 
In Bright's disease with dropsy, it may prove a better remedy 
than Ars. alb. 
In obstinate eruptions of the shin, it has acted better in my prac- 
tice than Ars. alb., particularly in dry, scaly, burning, and itching 
eruptions, such as lepra, impetigo, psoriasis, tinea, furfuraceous 
pityriasis. Also in old, irritable ulcers, with sanious, corrosive 
discharge and burning pains. When these affections occur in 
scrofulous subjects, with swollen lymphatic glands, the Iodide of 
arsenic is specially useful. 
In those sudden attacks of erythema, affecting the head, face, 
neck, and hands, with intolerable itching and burning, and ending 
in branlike desquamation, and which I believe to be hay-fever 
under a masked form, this medicine acts better than Rhus. 
My two favorite triturations of this medicine (for I never use it 
in dilution) are the 3X and 6C, the former for adults, the latter for 
children and delicate patients of any age. 
IODIDE OF BARYTA. 
In your studies of the old remedies you will remember the 
recommendation given for the Carbonate of baryta, namely, 
“ Scrofulosis: swelling and induration of the glands, especially 
the cervical glands, even after suppuration has set in.” Of the 
Muriate, it is said to be the best remedy for “ stonelike indura- 
tion of the glands,” and a “tendency to tonsillitis.” This last 
recommendation has been verified by a great many practitioners 
who are enthusiastic in its praises, not only as a preventive, but as 
the best remedy in acute quinsy, which it is said to arrest in the 
forming stage, preventing suppuration. 
Allopathic authorities, especially the older writers, claim that 
Baryta “resolves and liquefies abnormal accumulations wherever 
found.” It is eminently a glandular remedy, and possesses spe- 
cific power over the absorbents equal if not superior to Iodine and 
others of that class. Its use, except by homoeopathists, has been IODIDE OF BAKYTA. 
397 
greatly neglected until of late Dr. Hammond lias recommended 
the muriate in sclerosis of the posterior columns of the spinal cord, 
a condition better known as “ locomotor ataxia/’ the morbid anat- 
omy of which consists of an atrophy of the cord, with hypertrophy 
of the connective tissue. The same pathological condition may 
occur in the brain. It is then known as cerebral sclerosis or atro- 
phy of the brain. For these conditions, Hammond recommends 
the Chloride of barium in doses of one-half or two-third grains 
three times a day. 
If you will refer to Hahnemann’s recommendation for Baryta, 
you will find that he mentions many of the symptoms caused by 
cerebral and spinal atrophy, such as the diseases of old age, imbe- 
cility, paralysis, loss of co-ordination of motion, etc. 
It appears to me that Hammond has hit upon the pathological 
keynote for the use of Baryta, namely, a hypertrophy of connec- 
tive tissue. The atrophy of nerve substance is a necessary result of 
such a condition. 
The difference between Iodine and Baryta appears to be this, 
that wliereas the former is curative in soft hypertrophy of gland- 
ular or connective tissues, the latter is useful in hard indurations. 
In this respect it is analogous toConium. 
Several years ago it occurred to me that the chemical union of 
Iodine and Baryta would form a medicine whose effects would be 
just what we desire in the treatment of cases of glandular enlarge- 
ment with a tendency to induration. I therefore procured some 
freshly prepared Iodide of baryta, and prescribed it in hypertrophy 
of the tonsils. The result was very gratifying. It effected a rapid 
diminution in the size of the glands, even when they had been 
indurated for some years. 
In one case it not only had this effect, but it greatly relieved 
the symptoms arising from an enlargement of the prostate gland, 
with which the patient had suffered for some time. 
It will not act as well as the Muriate or Carbonate in acute 
tonsillitis, but it is better adapted to the resulting hypertrophy 
with induration. 
I would strongly urge you to test its powers in enlarged and 
indurated testicles and ovaries, also in goitre. In one case of in- 
durated testicles it diminished their size quite notably. In another 398 
IODIDE OF LEAD—IODIDE OF SULPHUR. 
it evidently aided the action of the galvanic current in reducing 
the hypertrophy. 
I would also advise its use in enlargement of the mesenteric, 
glands in scrofulous children. It may prove useful in some cases 
of mammary hypertrophy. 
Dr. Liebold, of New York, a celebrated oculist of our school, 
has been successful in its use for certain diseases of the eye. You 
will find his paper in the “ Transactions of the American Insti- 
tute,” 1873. 
In the “New York Transactions” for 1873-4, you will find 
a paper by our Professor of Ophthalmology, Dr. Woodyatt, on 
its use in syphilitic keratitis interstitial. He reports a case com- 
plicated with enlarged cervical glands, which was cured by this 
remedy. He advises it in suppurative inflammation of the middle 
ear, phlyctenular conjunctivitis, and scrofulous ulcers. He does 
not give the dose. I usually prescribe the 2X or 4th trit. several 
times a day. 
IODIDE OF LEAD, 
This drug has been very little used by our school. It was 
recommended by some French physician for diphtheria, but no 
characteristic symptoms were given. I cannot imagine any Plum- 
bum symptoms indicating its value in that disease, and believe all 
the effects due to its use came from the Iodine. 
A long time ago, in a paper on atrophic ovarian amenorrhoea, 
Dr. Peters recommended it for that condition, but on purely the- 
oretical grounds; but, upon the same grounds, I should prefer 
the Iodide of barium. 
There are others of the Iodides which may become valuable 
remedies. One of them, the 
IODIDE OF SULPHUR 
I have used a good deal in obstinate skin diseases, notably in 
barbers’ itch, for which it is almost a specific. I prescribe the 3° trit- 
uration internally, and the cerate rubbed in night and morning. 
The cerate should be made of the strength of one or two grains 
of the Iodide to an ounce of Cosmoline or some other vehicle. IODIDE OF AMMONIUM—ILEX AQUIFOLIA. 
399 
It is also useful, used in the same manner, in large and painful 
suppurating acne of the face in young people. 
Hr. Seudder, in his “ Specific Medicine,” recommends the 
IODIDE OF AMMONIUM 
Fora chronic, persistent headache in young or full-fed persons, 
accompanied with a stupid, heavy look. Such headaches are often 
caused by close school-rooms or confinement indoors. He gives 
a few grains three times a day. 
We ought to prove the Iodides of silver, Cadmium, and others, 
for we may find in them remedies for conditions and symptoms 
for which we have now no specific. 
Note.—Since writing the above, I find in the “Journal of 
Pharmacy” the following, by Dr. Garrod, relating to Iodide of 
cadmium. He says all the other Iodides, when used as external 
applications, have a bad odor, or stain the skin or clothing. But, 
he adds, the 
IODIDE OF CADMIUM 
Possesses all the valuable qualities of Iodine, when applied exter- 
nally. It has no odor, nor does it stain. It forms a perfectly white 
and soft ointment, producing but little local action upon the skin, 
and is readily absorbed when applied by friction. Under the use 
of this ointment he has witnessed, in many cases, enlarged glands 
of a scrofulous character rapidly reduced to their normal dimen- 
sions. He has seen it give great relief in nodes and chronic inflam- 
mation of the joints. 
Some homceopathists do not disdain to use remedies externally. 
To such, this will be an improvement over the usual ointments of 
Iodine. One part of Iodide of cadmium to ten of Cosmoline is 
the proper proportion. 
ILEX AQUIFOLIA. 
This is an evergreen tree, from ten to twenty feet high, growing 
in the southern United States as well as in Europe. The Ilex 400 
ILEX AQUIFOLIA—IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
opaca belongs to the same genus. Rafinesque considers it merely 
a variety, and says that the properties of both are the same. “ The 
decoction and wine have been used for cough, pleurisy, colic, gout, 
and rheumatism.” Browne (Sylva Americana) says the berries, 
fifteen to twenty of them, will cause vomiting and purgation. There 
is another species, the Ilex vomitoria (Cassena), which is regarded 
by the Indians as a holy plant, being used by them in their relig- 
ious rites for the purpose of cleansing their bodies of all impurities. 
It seems to possess the power of causing vomiting persistently and 
thoroughly, with but little pain or consequent prostration. The 
Ilex Paraguayensis, or Paraguay tea, is used by the natives of 
that country much as Chinese tea is used by us. It is said to 
“ give sleep to the restless and spirit to the torpid.” It is said to 
contain Theine. 
The only mention of the Ilex which I find in our literature is 
in vol. lxxxvii, p. 148, of “A. IT. Z.,” by Dr. Hendricks, who 
cured several cases of “ rheumatic inflammation of the eye, with 
periostitis of the frontal bone, which almost always leads to staphy- 
lomatous degeneration of the cornea.” He used the first dilu- 
tion of the Ilex aquifolia, five-drop doses, four times a day, for 
eight days. 
IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
The Blue flag was introduced into our Materia Mediea by Dr- 
Kitchen, of Philadelphia. It was proven by Drs. Rowland, Hol- 
combe, Burt and Sanford. 
It is one of the best-proven remedies in use, and possesses valu- 
able and peculiar powers. It had a great reputation among the 
aborigines of this country, who transmitted an account of its virtues 
to the early pioneers, thence to the “ botanic ” doctors, then the 
eclectics, and finally it assumed a dignified position in the hands of 
homoeopathists. 
I think we had no provings of Iris at the time of Dr. Kitch- 
en’s first use of it. He gave it for its well-known violent effects 
in large doses, of which the most prominent is vomiting. I shall 
give, in its proper place, an extract from Dr. Kitchen’s original 
paper. IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
401 
The sphere of action of Iris includes the gastro-intestinal mucous 
membrane, and its glandular apparatus. It alters the secretory 
functions of these glands, changing the secretions to a peculiar 
acid condition. In this it resembles Pulsatilla, Robinia, Chamo- 
milla, and Calcarea. It was supposed that it had a specific action 
on the liver, but I doubt it. Its irritating action on the duodenum 
may account for its hepatic symptoms. I do not assert that it has 
no power over the secretory function of the liver, for it acts pow- 
erfully on the salivary and gastro-intestinal glands, and it is sup- 
posed to act specifically on the pancreas. 
It has a decided action on the skin. It produces vesicles, which 
dry up, leaving a purulent scab; and pustules, which are sore and 
painful. Dr. Alabone, of England, reports cures of cases of psor- 
iasis in irregular patches. In this respect it resembles Phytolacca, 
Rhus, Sulphur, and Sepia. 
It has been found very useful in pustular eruptions on the head 
and face {tinea, prurigo, crusta lactea, eczema, etc.), especially in 
children. I have used it successfully, and find that a characteristic 
indication for its use is the acid diathesis, or an acidity of the se- 
cretions. When a child has sour breath, vomits sour ingesta, and 
has a watery or green sour diarrhoea, and has at the same time a 
pustular, or even vesicular eruption on the head, face, or body, 
give Iris 3X, and, if you wish to hasten the cure, use an Iris 
cerate. 
I do not think the Iris is properly a fever remedy. If it causes 
febrile symptoms, as it appears to do in the provers, it is from gas- 
trointestinal irritation. Dr. Kitchen used it in fever, but a pe- 
rusal of his cases show them to be of a gastric or hepatic origin. 
You will find it a valuable auxiliary in the treatment of bilious, 
gastric, and enteric fever, when its symptoms accurately correspond, 
i. e., when vomiting and diarrhoea of acid, bitter, bilious matters, 
with severe pain in the head, are present. 
Its greatest reputation has probably been that of a sick headache 
remedy. It is equally useful in the bilious headache, also in cer- 
tain nervous headaches. A majority of the headaches of Iris are 
reflex, proceed from acid stomach, or irritation of that organ from 
acrid secretions. It seems, however, to be capable of causing an 
idiopathic nervous headache or neuralgia. 402 
IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
The Iris headache generally occupies the forehead and right 
side of the head; aggravated by rest, and on first moving the 
head, but relieved by continued motion; accompanied by lowness 
of spirits, nausea, and acid vomiting. Dr. Kitchen, who pub- 
lished the first clinical experience with this remedy, says of its use 
in “sick headache:” 
It is the most prompt and effectual remedy I have ever given in this truly an- 
noying malady. The first dose will arrest the trouble in some patients. I have 
experienced this effect in several cases. I have made comparative trials with it 
and other remedies, telling my patients to observe and let me know which num- 
ber would relieve them the most speedily. They have invariably sent for the 
number attached to Iris on the attack; this I consider conclusive respecting 
this complaint, so that I need not comment on it further than to recommend it 
very highly so far as my experience goes. 
The Iris has been tested by many homoeopathic physicians in 
sick headache, and the testimony is generally in its favor. From 
our knowledge of the sphere of action of this medicine, it would 
seem most likely to be indicated in those “sick headaches” of a 
gastric or hepatic origin. In the purely “nervous sick headache,” 
or that variety arising from congestion, other remedies may prove 
more useful. This matter, however, can only be decided by care- 
ful observation. 
, In neuralgia of the head, eyes, etc., Dr. Kitchen recommends the 
Iris: 
A lady afflicted at intervals with this most distressing complaint, who had 
swallowed the whole allopathic and homoeopathic Materia Medica, with only 
partial benefit, has been more relieved by the Iris than by any remedy I have 
yet administered to her. It is usually in the head, temples, eyes, etc., and attended 
with most distressing vomitings of a sweetish mucus ; and occasionally, when 
there is much straining, with a trace of bile. It is the only medicine which has 
much control over the stomach, arresting the vomiting in the few trials I have 
made with it very soon, and allaying, in some degree, the violent pain in the 
head, so that I have been asked by her whether I had not given her Morphine. 
I have been asked the same question by patients in bowel affections, they fre- 
quently going to sleep after its administration; this is easily accounted for by 
the cessation of pain, which is almost invariably followed by sleep. 
Dr. Holcombe found by proving Iris that it caused a peculiar 
facial neuralgia, which he describes as follows : 
A neuralgia involving the supraorbital, infraorbital, the superior maxillary, IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
403 
and inferior dental nerves ; it begins after breakfast, every morning, with stupid 
headache, and lasts many (20) hours. 
lie reports that he has verified these symptoms in practice. 
Writing of its sphere of action he says: 
The inference I draw from this fragmentary proving is that Iris, in small doses, 
often repeated, acts on the male system, sanguineo-nervous constitution—espe- 
cially in the morning, especially on the right side—from the right to the left, from 
above downwards, from the animal system to the organic system; indicated in 
the former by facial neuralgia and copious limpid urine; in the latter by flatu- 
lent colic and burning tenesmus. 
My own experience leads me to believe that the Iris, like Pul- 
satilla and Nux, has a twofold action on the nerves of the face 
and head, namely, a reflex and direct; the former from deranged 
stomach, the latter from its direct action through the blood as an 
irritant. Not only does it cause neuralgic pain in the head and 
face, but in other parts of the body. In Rowland’s proving, the 
pains were called by him rheumatic, and they may have been. 
Every physician knows how prone are those patients who have gas- 
tric derangements to have neuralgia and rheumatic pains all over 
the body, and how quickly they disappear when the condition of 
the stomach is corrected. 
Rheumatalgia of the right shoulder, wrist, hand, and in the 
right hip, knee-joint, and foot, is cured by Iris. 
In commenting on the eclectic use of Iris, in the second edition 
of “ New Remedies,” I used the following language, which is 
equally applicable now: 
The eclectics class this plant among the “ sialagogues.” Dr- 
Burt, who proved the fresh root in large doses, does not doubt 
that it would produce sloughing and deep ulceration if continued 
for a long time. There is a rather curious and remarkable simi- 
larity between the action of the Iris and that of Mercury ; this is 
all the more singular when we consider that the former is a veg- 
etable remedy. Not only does the Iris affect the mouth in a sim- 
ilar manner to Mercury, but this similarity of action extends 
throughout the whole glandular and mucous systems, and per- 
haps all the tissues except the osseous. I have taken patients from 
off* the hands of eclectic physicians, who were so completely sali- 404 
IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
vated by the Iris, that were it not for the absence of the peculiar 
fetor, I should have taken it for a mercurial salivation. Even 
the sympathetic fever, which the Iris causes, has considerable 
resemblance to that of Mercury. 
Eclectic authors thus speak of the Irisin : 
Irisin is justly esteemed as one of our most valuable alteratives. It is emi- 
nently resolvent, and exercises a marked influence over the entire glandular sys- 
tem. It increases the salivary flow, and has the reputation of producing ptyalism. 
But a careful distinction must be made between the effects produced by vegetable 
agencies upon the mucous and salivary glands, and mercurial salivation; the 
former are nothing more nor less than manifestations of a quickened physiological 
activity—evidence of a special therapeutic stimulus constituting oftentimes a 
critical conservative effort—no loosening of the teeth ; no sponginess of the gums ; 
no putrefactive odor; no sloughing of the soft parts; increased but not disor- 
dered secretion. On the other hand Mercury induces a pathological condition 
of the vital constituents of the blood and fluids, and favors the formation of viti- 
ated products; altering from good to bad, and from bad to worse; giving rise to 
congestions, lesions, putrefactive conversions, and disorganizations of the organic 
structures. In the former case we have the evidence of a direct therapeutic stim- 
ulus, operating upon the vital impressibility of the secretive apparatus, promot- 
ing increased activity of the functions for the purpose of eliminating legitimate 
products. In the latter instance we have an augmented flow of morbid material, 
resulting from the destructive conversion of the vital constituents by the remedy 
itself, and which are not the legitimate products of organic metamorphoses. In 
the former case, the remedy itself is the mother stimulus, while in the latter in- 
stance the mercurial corruptions constitute the stimuli of excitement. 
To the superficial student of medicine, the above reads very 
well, but to the physiologist it becomes simply absurd. Only one 
conclusion can be drawn, namely, that the writer is ignorant or 
dishonest. Nothingbutthe gravest ignorance of the elementary facts 
of physiology and pathology could lead to such special pleading. 
He must be aware that any departure from a normal physiological 
state constitutes a pathological condition. Given to a person in per- 
fect health, the Iris causes abnormal activity of the glandular and 
mucous systems; Mercury does as much. The main difference 
between the actions of the two medicines is in degree. The poi- 
sonous effects of Mercury are all-pervading and more malignant 
than the pathogenetic effects of the Iris. Both cause actual patho- 
logical conditions, having their peculiarities and characteristic 
symptoms. When given in disease, if homoeopathically indicated, IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
405 
and administered in proper doses, they restore the tissues, for 
which they have an affinity, to a healthy condition. 
If this author was dishonest in his statements, with the inten- 
tion to prejudice the reader against Mercury, his conduct degen- 
erates into downright meanness. Mercury, when administered 
according to the law of similia, is a beneficent and valuable cura- 
tive agent. When given in this manner, it never causes any 
pathogenetic symptoms, gives rise to no morbid products, and 
disorganizes no tissue or secretions. On the contrary, it tends to 
prevent the very calamities which eclectics so much dread, and 
which he could cause to a certain degree by the abuse and pro- 
longed use of even the Iris. I would here make an observation 
relative to the action of Iris, namely, it is not owing to the acridity 
of the fresh root acting topically, that the pseudo-mercurial symp- 
toms are due, but to a specific dynamic action of the drug on the 
constitution. It is true that the Iris does contain an acrid prin- 
ciple, but the fact that the dried root, and even the alkaloid, causes 
the above-named condition when taken into the stomach, is proof 
that those effects belong to the whole drug. If this was not suf- 
ficient proof, we could refer the physician to the fact, that this pe- 
culiar action may be caused by the dilutions of the remedy up 
to the third, and perhaps higher. 
It is a strange comment on the practice of the eclectic school 
that they should recommend the Iris highly in mercurial cachexia, 
syphilis, etc. ! No drug is more thoroughly homoeopathic to dis- 
eases of the mouth similar to those caused by Mercury, and in the 
few cases in which I have used it it has acted well. Even in Mer- 
curial salivation it has been found useful, but it cannot be relied 
on with as much confidence as its chemical antidote, the Chlorate 
of potash. 
In stomatitis, with or without ulceration (canker), when there is 
painful burning in the mouth and fauces, Iris is strongly indi- 
cated. In these cases I would advise the tincture of the green 
root, administered in the third or sixth attenuations. 
W. H. Burt, M.D., gives the following case ofptyalism, follow- 
ing diphtheria, cured by Iris versicolor when all other remedies 
had failed: 
In a very severe case of salivation in a young lady after she had been attacked 
with malignant diphtheria, where the parotid glands were much swollen, and 406 
IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
the saliva discharged in immense quantities—apparently three quarts a day would 
be secreted and spit from the mouth—I gave Mercurius, Aconite, Belladonna, 
Kali bichromatum, Iodine, and Nitric acid. Not one of them had the least effect. 
I then gave Iris, and in two hours there commenced to be a change for the 
better. In two days the profuse secretion of saliva had entirely ceased, with a 
great diminution of the glands. The fourth day she was discharged cured. 
Iris has probably an irritant action upon the gastric mucous 
membrane, as seen by its specific action upon the fauces, stomach, 
and oesophagus. By referring to Dr. Burt’s heroic provings, this 
action will be seen portrayed in strong colors. I know of no one 
of the new remedies which promises to be more useful in gastric 
disorders than the Iris versicolor. Even now we have some val- 
uable clinical observations. 
Dr. Kitchen, in his paper on Iris, says it is useful in vomiting: 
Effectual in almost all kinds—simple, sour, bilious, of food, with or without pain. 
In every case of vomiting or sick stomach in which I have yet given it, it has been 
successful, and in severe cases on the administration of a few teaspoonfuls. Such 
has been my experience, thus far, but I would not be understood as saying that this 
will always be the case in future. No doubt it, like all other remedies, lias its 
appropriate sphere, which it will take time and opportunity to make out and 
define correctly. I merely state what I have discovered up to the present, with 
the limited opportunities I have had of testing it in different forms of the dis- 
order. I have for some years attended a little girl, now about nine years of age, 
who has periodical vomiting spells, coming on once every month or six weeks, 
sometimes not for four months, but certainly three or four times in the course of 
a year. I have tried in various attacks all the different remedies usually suc- 
cessful in such cases, but not with much benefit; the attack would last two or 
three days, and would seem to wear itself out. A single teaspoonful of the Iris 
arrests it at once. It comes on with vomiting of the ingesta, then sour fluid, and 
at last bile, yellow and green, with great heat of the head, some general fever, 
and great prostration. The perspiration is warm, caused by the efforts of strain- 
ing and vomiting. 
The Iris is eminently homoeopathic to some varieties of gastritis 
(mucous), oesophagitis, duodenitis, and many of those disorders of 
digestion which go under the general name of dyspepsia. In 
many points it resembles Pulsatilla, especially the tendency to 
“acidity of the stomach” and “rising of ingesta;” also the sym- 
pathetic disturbances having a gastric origin. The peculiar and 
severe symptoms elicited by Dr. Burt, and referred by him to the 
pancreas (see provings), and which, in all probability, were really IRIS VERSICOLOR, 
407 
in the gland, point to its applicability to inflammation and other 
disorders of that important organ. In that disease known as “ pan- 
creatic salivation ” it ought to prove specific. A thorough knowl- 
edge of the physiology of the pancreas will lead us to define pretty 
clearly the derangements likely to be caused by the Iris. The 
pancreas is usually regarded as belonging to the group of salivary 
glands. “The pancreatic juice is analogous to saliva. It acts 
upon starch even more energetically than saliva, transmuting it 
into sugar and lactic acid ; and upon fats by forming them into 
an emulsion, so that they are readily absorbed.”—Draper. 
It is generally conceded that a normal pancreatic juice (as re- 
gards quality and quantity) is necessary to the digestion of fatty 
food. Many of the derangements of digestion are undoubtedly 
due to deficiency and unhealthy conditions of this juice. There 
can be no rational doubt of the action of Iris upon this gland. 
Even had we not Dr. Burt’s suggestive provings, we could judge 
of its effects upon that gland from analogy. A remedy which 
irritates and stimulates the salivary glands, must have a similar 
action on the pancreas—a similar tissue, possessing similar func- 
tions. (Pulsatilla, Mercurius, Iodine, Podophyllum.) 
Dr. Burt succeeded in killing several cats with the tincture of 
Iris versicolor. One of the most noted morbid appearances ob- 
served on examination was a highly congested condition of the 
pancreas. A portion of one pancreas was subjected to a critical 
microscopical examination, which proved the presence of intense 
congestion of the minute vessels, and even a rupture, and also ex- 
travasation of blood into the tissues of the gland. 
Dr. Kitchen says “ he cured a case of gastrodynia, characterized 
by violent pains in the epigastric region, coming on at intervals.” 
The Iris relieved him at once, and he had no return. He has 
also relieved and cured “ vomiting of food an hour after meals” 
with Iris. • 
It has been for many years one of my favorite remedies for gas- 
tralgia. Instead of prescribing Nux or Pulsatilla for all stomach 
pains, in a careless, routine way, study your cases. You will find 
Iris equal to any medicine we have in this complaint. 
The Iris may be called a violent cathartic—it acts on all por- 
tions of the intestinal canal, but especially the upper portion. It 408 
IRTS VERSICOLOR. 
causes diarrhoea, with colic and flatulence, evacuations of watery, 
mucous, green, and even bloody stools, with tenesmus. 
My experience so closely accords with Dr. Kitchen’s, that I 
again quote from his original paper : 
Tlie colic of infants is benefited by it. There is a peculiar condition of the ab- 
dominal region of the adult also, which may come under this head, and which 
may be termed a grumbling bellyache. It is most prevalent at the changes of 
the seasons, spring and autumn, and appears to be owing to a vitiated secretion 
of the liver, and mucous membrane of the bowels, and consists in almost constant 
uneasiness and grinding in the bowels; a. kind of sub-colic; a mushy passage 
once or twice a day, in some cases, but in the generality of cases, a very fetid dis- 
charge of wind, of a coppery smell, attended occasionally with an involuntary 
escape of fluid, soiling the shirt, and sometimes a passage of scybalous matter, 
together with fluid mucoid faeces of an offensive, putrid, and coppery odor. It 
was a case of this kind which first led me to a use of this remedy. I had tried 
several medicines without the least relief, for nearly a week, and administered 
the Iris at random, never having given it in any disease. To my surprise, the 
patient was shortly relieved, and had no return; his bowels soon became healthy 
and regular, and he praised the good effects of the remedy very highly. The 
sphere of the Iris appears to be chiefly the stomach and abdominal contents. 
Diarrhoea.—I have not been able to obtain with any degree of accuracy the 
symptoms of those cases in which it proves to be the most appropriate. I think, 
however, that burning in the rectum and anus, after a passage, is one state which 
it will arrest almost immediately. It also seems appropriate to cases in which 
there are pains, and green discharges, relieving the pains very frequently in a 
short time, and changing the green passages after some doses have been given. 
There is one very curious feature which I have frequently observed, which is, 
that when the diarrhoea is not arrested after a few doses, it seems, after the ad- 
ministration of it for twenty-four or forty-eight hours, to produce an aggravation ; 
there is an increase of pain and several free fetid passages, and then the diar- 
rhoea ceases. This has generally taken place about two or three o’clock in the 
morning. Whether I have given it in too low dilutions, generally from second to 
sixth, I cannot tell, but such a feature I have frequently observed, and have ad- 
ministered it with perfect success in a few cases of periodical night diarrhoea, 
attended with pain, and two or three discharges before morning. I have also 
cured all my cases of cholera infantum with it this summer, and some of them 
within a few days. I look upon it as a very valuable addition to our remedial 
measures in this complaint. 
In cholera morbus I have succeeded in every case in which I have administered 
it, even the most violent. A single teaspoonful of a few drops in half a tumbler 
of water, has in many severe cases put an immediate stop to the vomiting. I 
consider it a specific in this form of the disease, and I would earnestly request 
physicians to try it in the first cases of cholera Asiatica which may fall under 
their notice, and give the result to the profession. In cholera morbus it arrests 
the pain which is so violent in many cases at the pit of the stomach, or around 
the navel, or in some cases, still lower down in the abdominal region, at or be- 409 
IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
fore every fit of vomiting or purging. In fact it seems, as far as I have as yet 
been able to judge, the more appropriate the more violent the pain, and in some 
cases acting, as the patients and bystanders express themselves, “ like a charm.” 
English homoeopathists have found Iris very useful in cholera 
morbus, and even in true cholera. Dr. George Lade gives his 
extended experience with it in autumnal diarrhoea and cholera. 
He says: 
Forty-three patients to whom I gave the Iris complained of simple diarrhoea 
only. The evacuations were in some instances papescent, but thin watery stools 
were now frequently observed ; the majority of them were of a dirty yellow hue ; 
some were brown, others green, and a few were apparently nothing but water. 
In all the cases there were more or less griping pains, principally in the umbilical 
region, which, with loud rumbling in the bowels, generally preceded the discharge. 
Heat in the rectum and anus was noticed in a considerable number, though not in 
all of the cases. For the most part the appetite was unimpaired, and in no case 
was there any feverish symptoms. Seldom more than three or four doses (of Iris 
3d or Irisin 1st) were necessary to check the disease, and in no case had the med- 
icine to be continued more than twenty-four hours. 
Twelve patients had vomiting as well as purging, and recovered 
under the same remedy. Three patients had decided cholera symp- 
toms. In these the Irisin had prompt and decided curative effects. 
Dysentery.—Some mild cases I have cured with Iris, but it is not the remedy- 
in this disease. The cases which seemed to be benefited were of the nature of 
dysenteric diarrhoea, attended with green discharges, or slimy mucus, without 
blood, or much straining. (Dr. Burt’s proving elicited these very symptoms, 
however, and quite severely.) In one case it evidently acted favorably on the 
secretion of the liver, producing a free flow of healthy bile, and an immediate 
abatement of the unhealthy passages. In those cases in which there was bloody 
flux, I did not rely on it, not knowing sufficient of its curative powers. 
The pathogenesis of Iris versicolor points directly to its sphere 
of usefulness in some varieties of dysentery, probably in bilious 
dysentery; yet there can be no doubt of the power of Iris to 
cause acute mucous enteritis, but the inflammation may be located 
higher in the intestinal canal than in ordinary cases of dysentery. 
(Here it appears the opposite of Aloes and Podophyllum, which 
affect the lower portion of the colon, rectum, etc.) It will be seen 
by the provings, however, that it has many symptoms analogous 
to Podophyllum,—“the prolapsus of the rectal mucous mem- 
brane,” “ pricking in the anus,” etc. Dr. Kitchen’s successful use 
vol. ii.—27 410 
IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
of Iris in abdominal typhus proves its applicability in some quite 
severe forms of intestinal inflammation, and perhaps in organic 
lesions of that canal. I would also simply add, by way of testi- 
mony, that many homoeopathists, with myself, have found the Iris 
a valuable remedy in nearly every disease of the bowels for which 
Dr. Kitchen recommends it. I would also suggest its use in 
hemorrhoids, bilious colic, fissure of the anus, fistula in ano, etc. 
We have no proof beyond the bold assertion of the eclectics 
that Iris is of any value in syphilis. It may palliate some syph- 
ilitic symptoms, but that it has any specific relation to that disease 
I do not believe. 
In gonorrhoea the same opinion may be expressed, although 
some of the symptoms indicate its power to irritate the male 
genitals. 
It is said to cure nocturnal emissions with amorous dreams. I 
have never been able to cure spermatorrhoea with it. You will 
find in practice that nocturnal emissions are sometimes caused by 
acid states of the stomach and irritations of the bowels. In such 
cases Iris may be curative by reaching the cause. 
When consulted in a case of spermatorrhoea, the first question 
to be asked is, “ Do you have amorous dreams, with emissions?” 
If the answer is in the affirmative, I consider the case one of irri- 
tation, and would treat it with Phosphorus, Cantharis, Cannabis, 
Pulsatilla, and Iris vers. If a negative answer is received, the 
case is classed with one of those arising from want of tone and 
lack of vitality, and which calls for such remedies as Kali bro- 
midum, Conium, Phosphoric acid, Agnus castus, and Caladium. 
This method of ascertaining the pathology of this affection was 
first laid down by the astute Lallemand, whose researches in this 
direction have been so valuable. 
Ko proving of this valuable medicine upon the female organ- 
ism has yet been made. Judging from its effects upon the male 
organs, we can safely consider it capable of deranging the female 
organs of generation. Eclectic physicians claim to find it useful 
in the treatment of “ leucorrhoea, congestion of the cervix, ulcer- 
ation, and other disorders of the uterine system.” Coe thinks it 
“particularly indicated in uterine leucorrhoea, in which affection IRIDIN—JUGLANS CINEREA. 
411 
it seems to be of almost specific value.” As this variety of leucor- 
rhoea is the result of a hypersecretion of the glandular follicles 
of the cervix, it is quite probable the Iris may act curatively, as 
its primary effect is to cause a similar condition in all glandular 
tissues. 
I ought to add that Iris is recommended in dropsy. If it is a 
curative agent in that condition, it will probably be found that 
the disease causing the dropsy has its origin in the liver. 
Drs. W. Rutherford, M. Vignal, and W. J. Dodds, have pub- 
lished in the “British Medical Journal” an exhaustive paper on 
the action of certain cholagogues on the dog, showing by diagrams 
the increase or decrease of bile secretion, according to the quan- 
tity of the drug, etc., administered. They have also tried on the 
human body the effect of Euonymin and Iridin, and find that the 
action is the same as on the dog, namely, a notable increase of 
bile. They state:— 
IRIDIN. 
“ As yet we have four grains of Iridin, made into a pill with confection of roses, 
and taken at bedtime, a certain remedy for biliousness. It produces no disagree- 
able sensations, and on awaking in the morning the yellow tongue is found to be 
clean, and the headache and malaise gone. As Iridin, though a powerful he- 
patic, is not a powerful stimulant, it is well to give in the morning an ordinary 
mild saline aperient, such as Pullna water or some other. But Iridin, though an 
agreeable remedy at the time, leaves a somewhat depressing effect; and it prob- 
ably should not be taken oftener than once a week or so.” (In large doses. H.) 
JUGLANS OINEREA. 
The bark of the Butternut has been used as a cathartic, and for 
diseases of the skin, in domestic and irregular practice, for many 
years. This tree is indigenous to this country, as is the Juglans 
nigra, or Black walnut, which is closely similar to the Juglans 
regia or European walnut. 
The Butternut has an oblong fruit, about two and a half inches 
in length by nearly one inch in diameter. The other two have a 
fruit nearly round. All the three species have many properties in 
common, but the Butternut is supposed to be the most active medi- 
cine. 412 
JUGLANS CINEREA. 
The provings published in my second edition of “New Rem- 
edies,” were made with tinctures of the bark, root, leaves, and 
twigs. All portions of the tree are medicinal, but the inner bark 
of the root is the most active. Eberle says it will “vesicate and 
pustulate” when applied to the skin. Rafinesque says the “green 
rind rubbed on tetters and ringworms dispels them.” This I know 
to be a fact from frequent observations when a boy, and I know, 
too, that the juice of the green rind irritates the skin intensely, 
and a drop in the eye causes intense inflammation, lasting several 
days. Rafinesque says: “The fresh bark of the Juglans cinerea 
is rubefacient and blistering,” and that an extract is a mild cathartic 
and almost specific in dysentery, jaundice, etc. 
Dr. Clotar Muller recommends the Nux juglans (European 
walnut) for the same conditions. 
A writer in the “Ilygea,” vol. xxii, Nos. 1 and 2, commenting 
on the pathogenesis of Nux juglans, very aptly describes the sphere 
of action of all these species. He says: 
In the digestive organs it causes derangement and irritation, which simulta- 
neously call forth abnormal symptoms in other organs, especially the head. After 
this action, which is brief, appear various exanthematous symptoms, which appear 
late and run a chronic course. 
I believe the same may be said of Antimony, Croton, and some 
other remedies. (Iris, Phytolacca.) 
Its action on the bowels is said to be somewhat similar to Jalap, 
but I think it more nearly resembles Iris. The following intes- 
tinal symptoms were noted by provers: 
Loose stool, which smells like onions; diarrhoea with burning 
in the anus before and after stool; tenesmus and burning after 
stool (primary); constipation (secondary); painless diarrhoea; four 
hours, without pain or griping. 
Clinical Observations.—Dr. Neidhard states that it was found 
curative in the diarrhoea of soldiers in camp. Although allopaths 
assert it does not cause irritation of the intestines, it is doubtless 
homoeopathic to diarrhoea. I know it causes griping, as does rhu- 
barb, which allopaths say it resembles in its action, in not causing 
constipation as a secondary effect. Every homoeopath knows that JUGLANS CINEREA. 
413 
constipation is a secondary effect of rhubarb, and the same may be 
said of Juglans. 
King says it has been found useful in colo-rectis and several 
intestinal diseases, which it could not cure were it not homoeo- 
pathic to them. 
The symptoms show it to be homoeopathic to dysentery and bil- 
ious diarrhoea, in which I have used it successfully in the 3d dilu- 
tion. 
I would advise you to try it in those morning headaches which 
resist the use of Nux vomica, Iris, Bryonia, and Chelidonium. 
Dr. Horton, of Vermont, reports a case of “throat disease,” 
which he calls “chronic inflammation,” cured by Juglandin. He 
does not give the special symptoms or appearance of the throat on 
inspection, which renders his report of little value. 
The same physician makes quite a specific of Juglans (or the 
active principle, Juglandin, which he prefers to the tincture) in 
many diseases of the skin. My own experience has been limited, 
but Dr. Martin, of Racine, values the Juglans highly in chronie 
exanthemata. I will give you Dr. Horton’s experience in full. 
He says: 
I take the liberty of sending you some of the clinical experience I have had 
with the Juglans cinerea, which I consider a real polychrest, so far as diseases of 
the muco-cutaneous surfaces are concerned. The Juglans has been used con- 
siderably by some eclectic physicians, and it was during the period that I prac- 
ticed that system, that I became acquainted with it; but thus far I have never 
seen any reference made to it by homoeopathic writers. Of this much, however, 
I am satisfied, that it is eminently homoeopathic to the whole range of skin dis- 
eases, from a simple erythema to pemphigus, and theoretically, I should say to 
those of a more obstinate character. It seems to be equally as well adapted to 
congestions and irritations of the respiratory and gastric mucous membrane, and 
its use has been attended with such decided success, that I feel anxious to have 
the profession at large give it a trial. 
I give below a few of the cases in which I used the remedy alone, for I used it 
a long time in combination, as is natural to eclectics, attributing the cures to 
other ingredients, when undoubtedly they were owing to the Juglans. I have 
treated cases of lichen and other mild cases of skin disease with the most posi- 
tive results, but I send only a few of the more important ones, which you may 
add to your own and others’ experience, if you had any with the remedy. 
Case I.—Forrest H., aged two years, had chronic ecthema of three months’ 
standing; eruption general and almost confluent, so large and thickly set were 
the pustules. Those upon the face seemed to be drying somewhat, with the 414 
JUGLANS CINEREA. 
steady increase and aggravation of those upon the body and extremities. Had 
been treated allopathically at first, when the parents becoming discouraged with 
the prospect concluded to employ an old doctress, who professed to do wonders 
with roots and herbs. Consequently the child had to endure another month of 
active drugging with the same discouraging result. At this juncture I was 
called, and found the little patient suffering excessively. He could neither sit 
nor lie, with any degree of comfort; worried much of the time ; slept but little; 
appetite poor; diarrhoea. I prescribed Juglandin, first decimal trituration, ten 
grains in half a glass of water, a teaspoonful every two hours. Saw the patient 
again on the third day, at which time there seemed to be a little improvement. 
Continued the same treatment. At the end of the first week the improvement 
was decided ; appetite better; slept more; bowels becoming more healthy. The 
crusts were rapidly drying and falling off. Continued the Juglandin two weeks 
more, at longer intervals, at which time there was only a few remaining pustules 
of small size, which rapidly disappeared, until the cure was complete. 
Case II.—Jenny H., aged eight years; ecthymatous eruption upon the body, 
face, and arms, attended with a painful itching sensation that created an almost 
irresistible inclination to tear off the crusts. I gave her a vial of the first decimal 
dilution, from a tincture made from the inner bark of the root of the Juglans, to 
be taken in three-drop doses, three times per day. In two weeks she was cured, 
with the exception of some slight ulceration upon the arms, the result of tearing 
the crusts from some of the pustules; but these steadily healed, and in another 
week the cure was complete. 
Case III.—A. W., adult; had been out of health some time; complained of 
languor; slight nausea at times, and occasional wandering pains about the limbs ; 
was seized quite suddenly during the night with acute pain through the right 
hypochondriac region, darting upwards into the chest, producing considerable 
difficulty of respiration and some cough. There was also some nausea and con- 
siderable fever. For these symptoms I gave Aconite, which produced ready re- 
lief. The third day following the attack there appeared on the body and ex- 
tremities the most general and perfect eruption of erythema nodosum I ever saw; 
the patches were numerous and extensive, varying in size from that of a dollar 
to that of a man’s hand. I gave him Juglandin, first decimal trituration; made 
three visits afterwards, on alternate days, when the cure was complete, the erup- 
tions leaving the characteristic greenish-yellow color. 
Case IV.—John I)., adult; had been somewhat indisposed a week or two ; 
rheumatic pain in right shoulder, extending to the pectoral muscles, producing 
inability to draw a deep inspiration ; had a single thickly set patch of impetigo 
figurata upon the inside of left leg, between knee and instep, which soon became 
crusted, discharging a purulent ichorous secretion, that irritated the surrounding 
skin, producing a wide, inflammatory margin ; it was painful and sore, so much 
so that it was with great difficulty that he could walk. His little daughter had 
at the same time a considerable number of pustules of the sparse variety of impe- 
tiginous eruption upon the arms and hands. I gave him five-drop doses of the 
dilution of Juglans and three-drop doses of the same to the daughter, to be re- 
peated three times per day. In ten days both were cured. 
Case V.—December 15, I860. Was called to see Flora B., aged eighteen 
months. Found her as follows: An impetiginous eruption upon her chin, which JUGLANS CINEREA. 
415 
had been torn and broken, producing hard crusts, which nearly covered the en- 
tire surface; some scattering crusts of the same upon the hands and arms; several 
large aphthous sores upon the inside of the lips and upon the tongue ; bowels very 
much constipated, altogether making the child very fretful and feverish. The 
ichorous secretion of the sores had inoculated the mother’s breast (she was still 
nursing the child), producing similar sores around the nipples. 
I advised the immediate weaning of the child, and prescribed twenty drops of 
the first decimal dilution of Juglans in half a glass of water, a teaspoonful every 
four hours ; also a glycerole of the same applied to the eruption, three times per 
day, the same to be applied to the mother’s breast. 
December 20. Very much improved; aphthous condition of the mouth all 
gone; crusts rapidly drying and falling off; bowels had moved naturally and 
healthy. Continue the same treatment with half the former dose. 
December 29. Saw the father of the child this morning; said both mother and 
child were cured. 
Case VI.—M. M., aged four years ; had a patch of herpes circinatus upon the 
chin about the size of a dollar; had lasted two weeks, and was steadily increas- 
ing in size ; gave the second decimal dilution of Juglans three times per day in 
three-drop doses. In one week the crust came off, leaving the surface healthy 
but somewhat reddened, which soon assumed its natural hue, and in two weeks 
the cure was perfect. 
Case VII.—In my own case its use has been attended with such satisfactory 
results that I cannot refrain from giving them. I have been troubled, from a 
child, with eczema of the hands, steadily aggravated of late years, one attack 
hardly subsiding before a fresh crop would make its appearance, often passing 
from the simple to the impetiginous variety, the ichorous and semi-purulent 
secretion oozing upon exercising; the hands would crust over again, causing 
the most intolerable itching and soreness, in fact, I have been awakened many 
a time from sound sleep, to find myself scratching the skin from my hands, only 
to make a bad matter worse. I have also for the last five years had dyspepsia, 
with bronchial irritation and cough. Have used Iris versicolor and other reme- 
dies, from time to time, without the least benefit; have taken Arsenicum a month 
at a time, in material doses, with but very slight improvement. During the 
latter part of the past summer I concluded to try the Juglans in my own case. 
It was at the commencement of a fresh attack. I took three doses of the mother 
tincture twice a day, and to my great surprise and gratification, the attack com- 
pletely aborted ; the eruption disappeared in a week. I continued the medicine 
once a day for three weeks more, when I was equally gratified to find that the 
bronchial irritation had nearly left me, and that my dyspepsia was cured. I have 
since remained free from eruption or cough, except occasionally when I am ex- 
posed to the night air, when I get a slight return of the bronchial irritability. 
My appetite and digestion are good, and I can eat anything that is suitable. 
Case VIII.—W. M., aged fourteen, was about the 8th of April attacked with 
what appeared to be a mild case of eczema of the hands and wrists. I was con- 
sulted, and prescribed Juglans, 1st decimal dilution, in five-drop doses, three 
times a day. I did not see him again until the 14th, when I learned from his 
mother that she had started three days before to carry him away to school, some 
forty miles; but when about half way, she found the disease becoming suddenly 416 
JUGLANS CINEREA—JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS. 
and rapidly aggravated, so much so, in fact, that she dare not proceed, but turned 
about and returned home immediately. She had discontinued the medicine, fear- 
ing, as she said, that it was what caused the aggravation, which I could not con- 
scientiously dispute. At the time of my arrival, the second day after their re- 
turn, as I was out of town, the eruption had become so aggravated that instead of 
a simple eczema, it had assumed all the characteristics of a fully developed im- 
petigo figurata in its pustular stage. The patches had coalesced, and the erup- 
tion had become confluent generally; the pustules were discharging and crusting 
over, and there was a degree of tension and pain about them that was quite un- 
bearable. After I had looked the case over, the mother wanted to know if I 
thought I could cure him; said she was afraid I could not, as she had a similar 
attack when a child, which baffled the skill of some half a dozen physicians. I 
told her that the remedy he was taking was the right one, and would cure him ; 
if it did not I should be very much disappointed. I immediately took the vial 
containing it, and made the second dilution from it with water; told him to take 
the same dose as before, three times a day. I also made a lotion by putting a 
drachm of the tincture into half a pint of cold water, and applying cloths satu- 
rated in it all the while. This treatment was continued without any variation 
except to gradually diminish the dose for a period of nearly two months, at which 
time the cure was complete and the medicine suspended. 
Dr. Paine (eclectic) says: 
The Juglandin, as I have previously remarked, acts as a direct stimulant and 
tonic to the cutaneous surface; hence, I have used it in chronic eczema, herpes, 
pemphigus, rupia, acne, impetigo, ecthyma, lichen, prurigo, ichthyosis, molluscum, 
and all other forms of cutaneous diseases, and have found it to act with more cer- 
tainty in these affections than any other preparation or single drug that I have 
used. In chronic herpes and eczema, I have found this remedy, combined with 
Quinine, almost a specific. My usual method of administering it in these affec- 
tions is one-sixteenth of a grain of Juglandin and one-half a grain of Sulphate 
of quinine, four or five times a day. In some cases I have found that a large 
dose of Juglandin would operate beneficially, while in others a much smaller 
portion would be all that would be required. In the acute form of cutaneous 
diseases, the Juglandin appears to be very exciting and stimulating. 
In the same paper he says he has known it to cause “ irritation 
and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bowels, followed 
by a 'peculiar exanthematous eruption, like the flush of scarlatina.'” 
Dr. Small reports a cure of “ noli me tangere on the noseand 
“cases of scrofulous swellings of the glands,” cured by Juglans. 
JUNIPEKUS COMMUNIS. 
I have often wondered why our school did not make some use 
of the Juniper. The Juniperus sabina, which is erroneously called 
“ Sabina” in our Materia Medica, has a recognized value in our 417 
JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS. 
therapeutics. That species is a native of Europe, but the Juniperus 
Virginiana of this country is considered by botanists as identical 
with the European species. The Juniperus communis and a va- 
riety, the Juniperus procumbens, possess similar properties, but in 
a less degree. 
If I wished to differentiate between the Juniperus sabina and Ju- 
niperus communis, Ishould say that the former has a greater affinity 
for the generative organs, while the latter affected in preference the 
urinary organs. Both, however, have similar properties; both affect 
the uterus and kidneys. It is not so much a difference of mode of 
action as a difference of degree of action. I have known cases of 
dysmenorrhoea and uterine haemorrhage cured by the common Ju- 
niper, and I have treated some kidney and bladder difficulties 
with Sabina. The popularity of pure gin in dysmenorrhoea is 
owing to the effects of the oil of Juniper berries which it contains. 
In domestic practice, an infusion of Juniper leaves and berries 
is used successfully in amenorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea, as well as 
retention, suppression, and other urinary troubles. 
In some cases of dropsy, a tincture of the berries, or the oil of 
Juniper, will act on the kidneys favorably after the failure of other 
medicines. 
I would suggest that we use the Juniperus Virginia by the side 
of the Sabina, in order that we may test their relative value and their 
similarity. I do not believe their curative effects will differ. 
We ought to have provings of the common Juniper, and give it 
a place in our Materia Medica. (See Allen’s Encyclopedia, vol. 
x, p. 554.) 
I would also suggest that the tincture be made from equal parts 
by weight of the fresh berries and green leaves. The oil of Ju- 
niper of commerce is made from the berries alone. 
I have an idea that a plant or tree, so far as relates to its me- 
dicinal qualities, is a unit, i.e., a tincture of one active portion of it 
does not represent all the virtues inherent in the plant. Some 
portions of a plant or tree are inert, but 1 would mix the other 
portions and make a tincture of all. 
We should then have in that officinal preparation a representa- 
tion of the whole plant; of all its medical power and qualities. 
The tincture of Sabina, of our pharmacies, is made from the 418 
JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS—KINO. 
leaves alone. This probably accounts for its preference of action 
on the uterus. If the berries formed an equal part of the tincture, 
we would doubtless get its full effects on the urinary organs as 
well. 
German physicians make much use of Juniper in gastric com- 
plaints, in abdominal flatulence, colics, and even in some hepatic 
affections. I know that the 3X of Oleum juniperus is useful in 
certain coughs, with scanty urine, loaded with solid matters 
(urates ?). 
KINO. 
This, according to Wood, is the inspissated juice of the Ptero- 
carpus marsupium. It is called, commonly, red-gum. Dr. Blun- 
dell, in a paper in the American Horn. Review, vol. iv, says : “ The 
Red-gum bleeds from the tree, dropping like drops of blood upon 
the soil, closely adjacent to the roots. It is found also within the 
* faults ’ of the timber. The tree, on the west coast of Australia, 
at least, is of large size, resembling the African oak.” 
The allopathic school at one time used this powerful astringent 
largely in the treatment of dysentery and diarrhoea without fever. 
Dr. Blundell remarks: 
“That its peculiar virtues in chronic dysentery are due to the 
homoeopathic law, I have long felt convinced, and determined to 
prove the drug to test its value.” He got the following symptoms 
from five drops of the lx : “ Colicky pains towards evening, bear- 
ing down with inclinations to stool, without evacuation.” The 
next day the dose was increased and twice repeated; the above 
symptoms reappeared and continued with increased severity. The 
colic was only relieved by lying on the belly. The following 
morning a dry hard evacuation was passed, with a small quantity 
of blood at its termination. A continuation of the provings devel- 
oped symptoms much like chronic dysentery. 
Of late,allopathists are afraid to use the Kino on account, they 
say, of its “violent reactions.” We can surmise what they mean. 
My lectures on Gallic acid, Tannin,Geranium,and other “astrin- 
gents,” gave you my ideas of their action. Kino will doubtless help 
you in severe chronic, and perhaps acute, cases of dysentery, if you 
graduate the dose properly. KAOLIN KUMYSS. 
419 
KAOLIN. 
The homoeopathic preparation of this medicine is made from the 
purest “ pipe-clay ” by triturations. Several physicians of our school 
have used it with alleged success in croup, even when supposed to 
be pseudo-membranous, with gratifying success. It has not been 
used extensively, however, nor do I think you will find any ad- 
vantage in substituting this for the old and tried croup remedies. 
We have in Hepar sulphur, Spongia and Sanguinaria, medicines 
which cover nearly all the varieties of croup. 
I scarcely need inform you that nearly all cases of simple spas- 
modic or catarrhal croup run their course in three days (or nights), 
whether you give any medicine or not. In fact, they do just as 
well without it. It is only in cases when actual inflammation or 
exudation has set in that any treatment is necessary. A catarrhal 
croup rarely goes beyond congestion of the mucous membrane; it 
becomes spasmodic when the laryngeal nerves are irritated; and 
pseudo-membranous only when inflammation occurs, in which case 
inhalations of Bromine, Iodine, and Sanguinaria, according to the 
specific indications, with their internal administration, is usually 
successful. 
KUMYSS. 
Kumyss, or anglicized, Koumiss, is the national beverage of those 
nomadic tribes which roam over a greater portion of Central Asia, 
and a portion of Southern and Eastern Russia. The very earliest 
travellers in those regions mention this drink. A valuable account 
of it was published as early as July, 1784, by John Grieve, M.D., 
F.R.S., Edinburgh, late physician in the Russian army. He be- 
gan as follows: 
In an age like the present, when few things in nature seem to have eluded the 
researches of philosophy—when the communications of learning are as well es- 
tablished as those of commerce—it may appear somewhat surprising that one of 
the most important productions of milk should still remain, in a great measure, 
unknown to the most enlightened parts of Europe. The production I mean is 
the vinous liquor which is procured by fermentation from mare’s milk; and it 
was scarcely to be expected that, after it had escaped the observation of men the 
most skilled in chemistry, it should be taught us by a horde of Tartars, whose 
rank in society is not above that of barbarians. Even in Russia itself it was 420 
KUMYSS 
with difficulty I could learn the particulars of the preparation; and though it 
had been used for some ages by several tribes of the people who belong to that 
empire, yet in the year 1781, when I first began to think of employing it in 
medicine, it was as little known in what may be called Russia proper as it is 
now in Great Britain. If the academicians of St. Petersburg gave some accounts 
of it, these accounts have never excited the attention of the physicians of Russia. 
This neglect is most probably to be ascribed, partly to the obscure relations of 
travellers, and partly to the pride of system which men of learning are too often 
apt to indulge in, rejecting as incredible whatever does not coincide with their 
own preconceived opinions. 
For a long time the real nature of Kumyss was not understood, 
and its method of manufacture a mystery. Some travellers de- 
clared it to be intoxicating, and asserted that narcotic herbs were 
added to the milk from which it was manufactured. In some in- 
stances this may have been practiced; but the real Kumyss, as 
manufactured by the Tartars, is made from the milk of the mare. 
The Tartars, and many other natives of Asia, depend upon mare’s 
milk for food and drink, to the same extent that Europeans and 
Americans depend on cow’s milk. I take the following extract 
from a communication to the “New York Medical Record,” by 
Dr. A. Lukanin, of Novgorod, Russia. 
The hope to lead the attention of American physicans to this new curative 
agent has prompted me to write this article. I am most indebted for the ma- 
terial to the lamented Professor of Materia Medica, Dybkovskv, of Kief, and to 
my late friend, Dr. Anna Kleinmann, of Odessa, Russia, who died of consump- 
tion, and was sustained a long time by the most appropriate use of Kumyss. 
I shall be very happy if my sketch evokes some interest among American 
physicians. 
Historical Notice.—As is known, the eastern parts of Russia, especially towards 
the south, consist of endless prairies between the Volga and the Oural, scarcely 
known even to the civilized parts of Russia, and inhabited by nomad tribes, 
which know nothing about agriculture, but have large droves of cattle, camels, 
buffaloes, and especially an immense number of horses. These prairies, or 
steppes, are covered in summer with savory grass, and the herds graze there, pass- 
ing slowly from one place to the other, followed by their owners, the nomad 
tribes, which seldom consist of many members, but oftener of a few families. 
They pack up their kibitkas, a kind of tent made of skins and felt, which are 
their dwellings in summer and winter-time, and wander farther, prompted not 
only by necessity, but also by their wandering spirit. I think that Americans 
can, better than any other people, realize what a Russian prairie is; it is a sea of 
waving grass, which is so high that a man in upright position is hidden by it. 
Seldom a hill is to be met with, never a mountain, and in the midst of it large, KUMYSS. 
421 
beautiful streams, rolling their lazy waves toward the Black or Caspian seas. Not 
a single human being is to be met with for several days, and even weeks, by the 
solitary traveller ; not a road, not even a path. In the day the burning heat of 
an almost tropical sun; in the deliciously fresh and even cold nights, myriads of 
stars in a sky of deep blue, unknown in other regions. In winter-time nobody 
excepting the nomad dares to cross the snow-covered desert. 
By chance the traveller meets a camp of the Kirghizes ; he is quite astonished 
to see the bright-looking, healthy people, neither too beautiful nor too clean, but 
happy. He inquires about their mode of life, and they readily tell him all about 
it, and that their food consists of plenty of meat and milk, especially of the 
latter, which they prepare in different ways, among others as Kumyss. This 
production, having been quite unknown to the Russians, it is only natural that 
it was to this mysterious drink that the health of the nomads was solely as- 
cribed ; but their living always in good fresh air, and having work and rest at 
their own leisure, in reality contributes largely to this result. Be it as it may, 
the sedentary Russians, settled on the western confines of the steppes, sent their 
invalids in summer-time to visit their wandering neighbors, and gather strength 
by drinking Kumyss. They drank freely of it, and post hoc ergo propter hoc, 
spoke of Kumyss as of the agent of their sometimes almost wonderful cures. 
At last, about twenty-five or thirty years ago, physicians, and lately chem- 
ists, grew so far interested in the subject that scientific researches were made, 
both of clinical and experimental character, and great establishments were 
founded throughout Russia, where thousands now seek, and often find, health, or 
at least relief for a given time, from their suffering, as Dr. Stahlberg’s cure-house, 
near St. Petersburg, Russia, where Kumyss is prepared from mare’s milk, and 
others in Middle Russia, and in the Crimea, in some of which cow’s milk is used. 
Such cure-houses are also established now in Germany; so in Austria, near 
Vienna, in Trautmannsdorf; in Davos, in the Rhenish Alps, in Switzerland, and 
in many other places. 
Wisk, in Bremen, and Schnepp, in Eaux-bonnes, have written about Kumyss. 
In France it was unknown till 1867. 
It has been well-established that the milk of the cow is equal if not superior to 
mare’s milk for the production of Kumyss. The manufacture of Kumyss from 
cow’s milk, however, is much more intricate. Cow’s milk requires suitable modi- 
fication ; the elimination of a portion of the casein, the increase of the lactose, 
and the induction and careful control of a purely vinous fermentation. Cow’s 
milk Kumyss, properly made, is certainly more agreeable to the civilized palate, 
and the experience of the last ten years has unquestionably demonstrated its 
high value as a therapeutic agent. 
The distinctive character of Kumyss is that of being the most 
assimilable of nutriments. Every quart bottle contains, approxi- 
mately, 980 grains of solid respiratory and plastic food, according 
to Wanklyn, and each of its elements is in a state to promote the 
digestion of the others by the feeblest stomachs. 422 
KUMYSS. 
Annexed is an analysis by Wanklyn, a London chemist, of a 
quart bottle of Kumyss. 
Water, 10,662 grains. 
Alcohol, 192 “ 
Casein and Albumen, 128 “ 
Lactose, 582 “ 
Lactic acid, . . . . . . . 130 “ 
Fat, 36 “ 
Ash, 90 “ 
Carbonic acid, 180 “ 
12,000 
The 90 grains of Ash contain, approximately, 60 grains of Phos- 
phate of lime, and 30 grains of mixed Chlorides of sodium and 
potassium. 
The physical and chemical characteristics of Kumyss render it 
an aid upon which the physician can rely with great confidence 
for the treatment of extreme debility, and all the phases of im- 
pending marasmus. Kumyss not only contains a large proportion 
of Lactic acid, which is a prime constituent of the gastric juice, 
but holds the casein in that state of vitality which gives it the prop- 
erty of metamorphosing itself and the other constituents of the 
milk into healthy lymph and blood. 
The physiological features of the several constituents of Kumyss 
may shortly be specified as follows: 
The Lactic acid activates the digestive powers, diminishes the 
temperature and the frequency of the pulse, and regulates the mu- 
cous secretions. It has an additional specific action in certain dis- 
eases, as, for instance, in diabetes. 
The casein, albumen, and fat restore the plastic and heat-giving 
materials of the body, and act as a chemical inspiration, so to 
speak, to promote assimilation of its associate constituents. 
The lactose increases the weight of the body and gives heat. 
The Alcohol produces sleep, diminishes heat, and forms fat. 
The Carbonic acid allays nausea, calms gastric irritation, aug- 
ments diuresis, increases the energy of the heart’s impulse, and 
diminishes the frequency of the heart’s contractions. 
The process of double fermentation in the preparation of Kumyss 
does nearly all the preliminary work of digestion, that otherwise 
must be performed by the stomach. There is no other derivative 
of milk or any other substance, that possesses the same advan- KUMYSS. 
423 
tages, for, containing all the elements of nutrition, and just in that 
proportion as necessary to maintain healthy life, it may constitute 
a sole diet in many cases of dyspepsia or in gastro-intestinal af- 
fections. 
Dr. Von Chomenkotf, who testifies to the great benefit of Kumyss 
on himself, states that he has been completely cured of a chronic 
lung disease and weak power of digestion by its use. He says : 
Kumyss is a natural dietetic remedy, suggested, so to say, by nature itself, and 
therefore preferable, in many respects, to drugs. All those who drink Kumyss 
agree in saying that they do so with pleasure, that it renders their veins full, 
their complexion (especially that of ladies) clear and beautiful, that they acquire 
sprightliness, vivacity and plumpness, and that it is never followed by any un- 
pleasant symptoms. 
As a physician and an epicure, I confess I am enthusiastic on the subject of 
Kumyss. There is no reason why it should not be the national drink of the 
American people. Beer does not suit our temperament—it is too bilious and 
stupefying. It does not accord with the genius of the Americo-Anglo-Saxon 
race. 
The following is an extract from a paper on Kumyss which I 
communicated for the Chicago Tribune ;— 
“ I believe the general use of Kumyss would convert our thin, nervous, hyper- 
sesthetic people into a race capable of greater endurance, of plumper physique, 
and of fresher color. As a medical man, I believe it is almost a nutritive pana- 
cea for that class of diseases characterized by failure of nutrition from mal-assim- 
ilation. As a race, the people of the United States are subject to dyspepsia. 
Our children suffer from all forms of mal-nutrition. They do not rally from dis- 
ease as do the English and German. In hot weather children feed on the bottle, 
or artificially, do not retain or digest their food, and die off by thousands in all 
our large cities and towns. In their cases Kumyss is invaluable, not as a medi- 
cine, but as a food. It will remain upon the delicate stomach when nothing else 
will, and will supply the body with nutriment when all other foods fail. 
“ As an epicure, I look upon Kumyss as far superior to any beverage ever in- 
vented. Putting aside all strong spirits as utterly unfit for use in health or dis- 
ease, except in some instances, Kumyss is far superior to any wine or malt liquor, 
both in taste and effect. If the reader wishes a new and delicious sensation, let 
him take a bottle of Kumyss from four to eight weeks old, fresh from the ice- 
chest. As you allow it to escape through the champagne faucet, into the goblet, 
mark how it foams like the richest ale and beads like the choicest champagne. 
It is white as the driven snow, and a faint, delicate and delicious aroma rises, re- 
minding one of the odor of fresh milk, whey, or new-made cheese, combined. 
Touch it to your lips and you think of the ambrosia of the gods. Drink it, and 
the sparkle, the effervescence, and the crisp acidulousness shame all the wines of 
France, or the beer of Germany. It is the delicate combination of milk, butter- 
milk, cheese and wine, woven together in one exquisite whole. 424 
KUMYSS, 
“ It is a matter of wonder that it is not upon the table of every citizen—that it 
has not usurped the place of wine or beer in every restaurant, and been accorded 
the place of honor upon the ‘wine-list’ of all our princely hotels. 
“Except in very rare instances, it does not disagree with any person. It never 
causes the dulness and heaviness of beer, the heat and stimulation of wine, or the 
after-sense of prostration they so often leave. On the contrary, it cheers and in- 
vigorates without leaving any prostration, or any nervousness such as follows the 
use of tea and coffee. 
“ I know of no medicine so efficient for sleeplessness, when arising from nervous 
irritation, debility, or deficient supply of blood in the brain. A gobletful taken 
at bedtime, and possibly another in the night, causes calm and refreshing sleep, 
leaving no malaise, or headache, or loss of appetite, in the morning. 
“ i t is far more nourishing and more acceptable to a delicate stomach than beef 
tea or extract of beef In fact, in sickness or in health, I know of no beverage 
so well adapted to our comfort as Kumyss. Adults can drink from one to three 
bottles per day, with none but good effect. I have known many little children, 
given up to wasting diseases, rapidly recover on the use of one bottle per day. 
I sincerely hope that this may call the attention of the public to this beneficent 
food and beverage.” 
ill order to better illustrate the qualities of Kumyss, it may be 
in place to state a few characteristic cases, as reported by the at- 
tending physician, or by the patients themselves: 
Dyspepsia or Impaired Nutrition.—Mr. Brooks, aged thirty ; occupation, book- 
keeper, at 52 South Water Street. Has suffered from dyspepsia for more than 
two years ; much emaciated, and complains of great debility ; it is with difficulty 
he is able to fill his position. Dr. O. C. De Wolf, his attending physician, advised 
the use of Kumyss. He drank two bottles of Kumyss daily for six weeks. At 
the end of the first week the distress in his stomach had entirely disappeared. 
His appetite and general health improved daily, and at the end of six weeks he 
had gained seventeen pounds in weight. His eye is bright, complexion clear 
and ruddy. 
Mr. D. W. Clark (Clark & Edwards, printers, 162 South Clark Street). Dys- 
peptic ; much emaciated and debilitated ; stomach very irritable, and, for a week 
past, has rejected all food. Kumyss was ordered by Dr. P. H. Hale. The 
stomach readily retained it. The irritability gradually disappeared, and in a 
few days the patient was enabled to retain solid food without distress. He con- 
tinued the use of Kumyss at the rate of two bottles daily for about six weeks, and 
was restored to perfect health. The patient has continued drinking it, more or 
less, for more than a year, simply because he appreciates its qualities. 
Mr. L. C. Bignall, 195 Lake Street. Has suffered from dyspepsia for an in- 
definite period. After passing through a long course of medication, which failed 
to relieve his condition, he tried Kumyss. He obtained immediate relief. He 
drank one or two bottles daily for six weeks, and then considered his digestive 
powers and general health in excellent condition. 
M. J. W. M , attorney-at-law, 90 Washington Street. Has suffered from 
dyspepsia for more than six months. Debilitated and haggard. Had repeat- KUMYSS. 
425 
edly tried medication without relief, and even a trip to the mountains did not 
improve his condition. He tried Kumyss, and was immediately benefited. Af- 
ter a few days all distress left him. He rested better at night. His complexion 
became clear, and his eye bright. In four weeks only, he gained more than ten 
pounds in weight, the former haggard appearance entirely leaving him. Taking 
a liking to the Kumyss, he continued its use for a long time, and even now, 
whenever exhausted by professional duties, he restores the normal equilibrium 
by drinking Kumyss. 
Colonel Whitfield, from Washington, special revenue agent. Prostrated by a 
severe attack of nervous dyspepsia, caused by overwork. Had been confined to 
his room at the Grand Pacific Hotel, Chicago, for two weeks. For more than a 
week he suffered intensely from incessant nausea and vomiting. All solid food 
and drink was immediately rejected. The distress and loss of sleep threw him in 
a most melancholy condition, having forebodings of an untimely end. Medica- 
tion had failed to benefit him. A consultation was held, and Health Commis- 
sioner De Wolf advised the use of Kumyss. Although the stomach was so irri- 
table that a mouthful of water was immediately rejected, the patient drank a full 
goblet of the Kumyss, but with some trepidation. Strange as it may seem, it 
was retained, and the patient soon experienced an agreeable sensation of relief. 
He took two bottles of Kumyss the first day, and had a good night’s rest, the 
first in more than a week. The Kumyss was only continued a few days, as the 
colonel was obliged to leave the city; but the stomach had so far recovered itself 
as to be able to retain more solid food. The colonel was greatly astonished at 
the immediate benefit derived from it, and thinks it saved his life. 
James Balfour, aged fifty-five, 451 West Madison Street, Chicago, has been an 
invalid for several years. His former and chief complaint being large and pain- 
ful hsemorrhoidal tumors, which confined him to his bed for several months. 
The intense pain deprived him of his sleep, and he was in the habit of using mor- 
phine injections to obtain relief. The inflammation, pain, and morphine com- 
bined, completely shattered his system. His stomach became so irritable as to 
reject all nourishment, even of the blandest kind. For five days and nights he 
had been incessantly vomiting, and he himself and his family expected relief only 
in death. In this condition he was advised to drink Kumyss. Belief from 
vomiting followed the first draught. He consumed one bottle the first day, and 
continued using it for two weeks or more. Mr. Balfour considers the effect of 
Kumyss upon him as bordering upon the miraculous. Instead of dying, in four 
days he was out walking, and in two weeks was sufficiently strong to follow the 
occupation of selling nursery stock. 
Mrs. Waidner, 300 Chicago Avenue. Digestion poor; debilitated and somewhat 
emaciated. Dr. P. H. Hale advised Kumyss. Began to improve soon after 
commencing the Kumyss. The appetite increased and the patient had more 
animation. The Kumyss was continued for two months at the rate of two 
bottles per day. Her weight steadily increased, and six months after taking 
Kumyss she weighed twenty-five pounds more than at any previous time. 
Mr. Lee, 62 North Sheldon Street, aged sixty. Has suffered from dyspepsia 
for several years. Dr. Garrott ordered Kumyss. For several weeks he lived 
entirely on Kumyss, consuming from two to three bottles per day. The im- 
YOL. II.—28 426 
KUMYSS. 
provement soon became manifest. All distress disappeared, and he gained in 
flesh and vigor. He continued using the Kumyss, more or less, for over six 
months, and at present considers himself perfectly well. 
Mrs. V., aged thirty-five, mother of several children. Sick with some unde- 
fined female (?) complaint for more than two years. For six months she has 
been in bed, not able even to sit up. She has no appetite, and all kinds of food 
distress her. She never expects to be any better, and consequently is very 
despondent. Has had no medical advice for the last six months. Her husband 
having heard of the marvellous qualities of Kumyss persuaded her to try it. 
On the fifth day after commencing the Kumyss, she sat up in bed for several 
hours. She continued using the Kumyss, two bottles per day, for seven weeks, 
improvement steadily taking place. Her husband said, shortly after, that she 
was more fleshy and looked in better health than at any time during the last ten 
years. Her appetite was good and she was growing stronger every day. The 
so-called female (?) complaint had entirely disappeared, and she was expecting 
to go to housekeeping in a few days. General debility, caused by impaired 
digestion, was the sole cause of her ailment, and this quickly passed away by the 
liberal use of Kumyss. 
J. M. Underwood, Lake City, Minn. Last night a friend called to get some 
Kumyss for his wife, who has been sick all winter and is so now that nothing 
will stay on her stomach. She has tried extract of beef and beef tea, and every- 
thing else known to our doctors, but the nausea and distress were not allayed 
until your Kumyss was tried. It went right to the spot. She relishes it and I 
am supplying her until more arrives. Another lady, who was expected to die all 
last summer and this winter, has been taking your Kumyss, and is now so much 
restored that she is talking of going to housekeeping again. My father-in-law, 
Dr. Jewell, has lived entirely on Kumyss and a little beef tea during the last six 
weeks. Thinks he cannot do without it. 
Margaret I. Nisbet, M.D., Athens, Georgia. Kumyss is something I have 
needed and wanted for years. A gastric difficulty rendering all forms of milk 
and butter unsuitable, and a heart trouble making beef extracts equally im- 
proper, I had almost reached that point of decline from which recovery is im- 
possible, when I began the experiment of Kumyss. It is one of the few things 
as pleasant as it is profitable, and if I could afford it I should keep it on hand 
as a luxury, apart from its pre-eminent restorative and curative properties. 
Consumption. — September, 1875. Miss Allen, aged eighteen. Emaciated 
(weight only ninety pounds), and so debilitated that she could walk only a few 
steps. Considerable cough and constant fever. Never has any desire for food. 
I)r. C. M. Fitch, 522 West Madison Street, her physician, diagnosed incipient 
consumption. He ordered her to drink one bottle of Kumyss per day. At the 
end of four weeks her weight had increased to one hundred pounds, and she was 
able to walk a mile or more without fatigue. The other symptoms of her dis- 
ease disappeared, and she considered herself sufficiently restored to discontinue 
the use of Kumyss. Since then she has been feeling perfectly well. 
June, 1876. Mrs. Bath, Houghton, Mich. The symptoms of consumption, 
emaciation, hectic fever, etc., were very clear, and the debility was so great that 
all desire for food was lost. Her friends had given up all expectation of any 
improvement in her condition, and she herself seemed resigned to her fate. KUMYSS. 
427 
Was advised to drink Kumyss. The Kumyss was relished and she immediately 
began to improve. Fever ceased, sleep and appetite returned, and in a few days 
she was able to get out of doors. She continued the Kumyss for several months, 
and continued to improve. 
Gastro-intestinal, or Stomach and Bowel Derangements of Children.—February, 
1876. Child of Mr. L. II. Smith, Winchester Avenue, aged seven months and a 
half. Great emaciation ; lips pale; skin of a parchment hue, etc. The parents 
have given up all hope of recovery, expecting the death of the babe within a few 
hours. Skilful physicians and good nurses have been in attendance, but the 
child has steadily declined. At the last consultation Dr. Keck suggested 
Kumyss. The child took the Kumyss greedily, consuming one bottle in the first 
twenty-four hours. The same quantity was taken on the second day, and two 
bottles on the third. This amount was continued for three months. On the 
fourth day the improvement began to be perceptible. The skin assumed a more 
natural color, and the lips became of a pinky appearance. The improvement 
became more marked from day to day, and at present the babe is a bouncing boy 
two years of age. 
February, 1875. Infant of Mrs. , four weeks old. Has been fed on cow’s 
milk from birth. When two weeks old, the bowels became deranged, and the 
babe has been growing emaciated and weaker from day to day. Neither medica- 
tion, nor any of the highly recommended infants’ foods, succeeded in arresting 
the diarrhoea, or giving the requisite nourishment to the body. Vomiting set in 
and continued for several days. Hopeless as the case seemed, Dr. Leonard, the 
attending physician, decided to try Kumyss. He began by giving the child 
tablespoonfuls, and was gratified to find it retained by the stomach after all other 
nourishment had been rejected. The child drank (from an ordinary nursing- 
bottle) one bottle the first day, and one bottle and a half a day for more than 
a week after. Its restoration was assured about the tenth day, but it continued 
the use of the Kumyss for about six weeks. The child is now more than two 
years of age, strong and healthy. 
Mr. Arend. 
Dear Sir : I have ordered your Kumyss in a variety of cases of impaired nutri- 
tion, and, as a rule, with excellent results. In the gastro-intestinal irritation of 
teething children it is of the utmost value. I first tested it in a case of this kind 
two years since. The little patient, a weaned child eight months old, naturally 
delicate, had become so reduced by continued diarrhoea and vomiting that I greatly 
feared I should lose her. No food that had been tried seemed at all to agree with 
her. It would either be vomited immediately or pass undigested. Finally I 
ordered Kumyss, which acted like a charm. The vomiting and diarrhoea speedily 
abated, and the little patient rapidly regained flesh and strength. The Kumyss 
was continued some three months till the weather had become cool. The child’s 
health has since been uniformly good. 
This spring, with another child imperfectly developed at birth, and when the 
mother was unable to nurse it, I found Kumyss the only food that could be toler- 
ated. This child was so feeble that for two or three weeks it seemed barely pos- 
sible that it could live from one hour to another. The child is now thriving 
finely, but depending wholly on Kumyss. 428 
KUMYSS. 
I have at this time a third case, a child now ten weeks old, with which the 
mother’s milk had always seemed to disagree. The child cried almost constantly, 
and worse after nursing. The mother’s nipples were so sore that nursing the 
child was also agony to her. I finally told her to get some Kumyss, and alternate 
this with the breast, so that she might longer rest from nursing. She soon noticed 
that after the Kumyss the child was always quiet, while it always had a bad cry- 
ing-spell after nursing. I then directed the child to be weaned and fed wholly 
on Kumyss, since which it seems to thrive as well as could be desired. 
I, two weeks since, ordered Kumyss in a severe case of pregnant vomiting. I 
had been giving oxalate of cerium without benefit, when it occurred to me to give 
the Kumyss in addition to the cerium oxalate. The benefit was immediate. 
There has been scarcely any vomiting since the patient began the use of the 
Kumyss. Whether I should be equally as successful with the Kumyss in another 
similar case I of course do not know, but I should certainly try it. I have fre- 
quently ordered Kumyss for adults where nutrition was impaired, and generally, 
though of course not always, with decided benefit. 
Very truly yours, 
C. M. Fitch, M.D. 
Chicago, July 1st, 1877. 
Directions for taking Kumyss are hardly necessary. Kurayss is not a medicine. 
It contains nothing of “ materia medica.” Its character is that of a food, and it 
should be considered in that light only. It is a pleasant-tasting and easily 
digested food, infinitely better suited to a capricious taste and a weak stomach 
than gruels, beef tea, lemonade, beer, wine, tea or coffee, or the host of dietetics 
recommended for invalids. Kumyss interferes with no medical treatment, and 
the invalid who relishes Kumyss cannot find a more grateful or beneficial diet. It 
should be drank when thirsty or hungry. Infants when fed on it exclusively 
will need from one to two bottles per day. Adults must suit their appetite and 
judgment. As it promotes the d