ORIGINAL LECTURE ON THE 
Significance of Cough 
WITH REFERENCE TO TREATMENT 
BY 
1)R. W. H. THOMSON, 
NEW YORK. 
Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, University Medical College, N. V., 
Physician to Helleview and Kosevelt Hospitals, Etc., Etc. 
Read before the New York County Medical Society, December, 1888. 
1‘ubliithrd by the .Vru> England Medical Monthly, March 15, 1889. 
Danbury, Conn.: 
Dakbc'ry Mkdkai. Printing Company. 
181)4. ORIGINAL LECTURE ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF COUGHS 
WITH REFERENCE TO TREATMENT. 
By DR. W. H. THOMSON, New York. 
Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics University Medical College, N. Y. Physician to 
Bellevue and Rosevelt Hospitals, etc., etc. 
Read before the New York County Medical Society, December, 1888. 
(Published in the New England Medical Monthly, March 15, 1889.) 
In this climate there is scarcely anything for which a physician is so often asked 
to prescribe as a cough. Not only is it something distressing to have, but to many 
persons it is such an ominous thing to bear, that its prompt removal is earnestly 
sought as if otherwise it is a note of death. There is much to justify this dread and 
practically physicians are obliged very soon to stock themselves with a list of prescrip- 
tions for cough. I doubt also whether any other kind of prescriptions are so little 
varied after some years experience as each one’s cough mixtures. They become al- 
most as routine and habitual to the doctor as any adult habit and are very apt to last 
for life. Before falling into such practice, however, it is worth while to study this 
symptom by itself, for when its very diverse origin in different cases is thereby re- 
vealed, then not only its varying significance according to its origin becomes plain, 
but the practical deduction follows that its proper treatment should be anything but a 
matter of routine. Moreover a brief inspection of the cough remedies which are 
usually classed in our text book under the term expectorants, should suffice to indicate 
that often they cannot relieve this symptom in the same fashion, for among so called 
expectorants we find included medicines which lessen the excitement that leads to cough 
and others which are supposed to stimulate it, some are given to promote secretion 
and others to diminish it, others again to alter it or others to disinfect it. Therefore 
it follows upon this, that we cannot judge the merits of any agent recommended for 
this respiratory disorder without a preliminary recognition of the different causes or 
conditions which occasion cough. 
We would begin by defining cough as a reflex act, whose single motor or efferent 
mechanism is called into play by a great variety of efferent impressions. Its one 
proper object is expectoration, but much oftener than any other reflex act of the body 
it occurs without its object, and is therefore useless, so that one of the commonest in- 
dications for the physician is to suppress useless cough and to allow only that which 
will accomplish its natural purpose. 
To support this statement I will now proceed to enumerate various kinds of use- 
less or non-expectorant coughs, none of which subserve any good purpose and which 
therefore we should aim directly to arrest. My list includes no less than fourteen 
kinds which are more or less common, and doubtless gentlemen present can add to 
their number. Before describing them, however, I would draw attention to an im- 
portant fact in my opinion, namely, that all non-expectorant coughs have one marked 
feature in common which will always serve to distinguish them from the cough which 
serves a good purpose, namely, the true expectorant cough. That distinctive charac- 
ter of all useless coughs is to be found in their sound, which is specifically different 
from the sound of any expectorant cough whatever. The sound of a non-expectorant 
cough, whatever its kind or origin, is always single, while an expectorant cough is 
never so. That is to say, the non-expectorant cough, no matter how constantly or 
rapidly repeated, consists in a series of separate acts, and hence may be likened to the 
separate blows of a hammer. They may be few or many, very loud or just audible, 
occurring only just now and then or in quick succession, either for a brief period or 
in prolonged paroxysms, enough to prevent all rest or sleep and yet each cough is as 
distinctly independent of the other as the strokes of a hammer are. whether they be 
few or many. * * * 3 
This continuous character of an expectorant cough is well illustrated in cases of 
chronic bronchitis with very viscid expectoration, the catarrh sec. of Laennes. The 
particle of mucus may be only a small globular, but sticky mass, and yet once started 
on its way the patient has to devote his whole efforts in a succession of quick power- 
ful coughs which it is impossible for him to check until he gets rid tit last of a seem- 
ingly insignificant quantity for such a great and tumultous effort. I once knew such 
a case in an old man who was the terror of some ladies in church, for when he began, 
he soon entered upon a run of rapid little squeaks, which with his swaying body and 
blackening face suggested some fearful catastrophe, until a final sort of hallelujah in 
his throat told the hearers that the phlegm had arrived. 
With these preliminary observations we now pass on to the different varieties of 
non-expectorant cough; the first we would mention is due to simple inflammatory irri- 
tation without secretion of some portion, or the whole, of the respiratory tract from 
the epiglottis down to the third division of the bronchi. A typical instance of this is 
to be found in the purely hyperiemic stage of acute bronchitis when, with a tumefied 
and dry state of the bronchial mucous membrane, we find the patient much op- 
pressed for breathing and constantly tormented with a frequent short and hacking 
cough, each act of coughing evidently increasing his sense of soreness and tightness 
of tlie chest. The prevailing sound of his cough I need not say is of the non-ex- 
pectorant variety, while auscultation reveals a number of dry whistling rales often more 
pronounced on expiration. The indication here is to turn the cough as soon as possible 
into the expectorant variety by nauseant expectorants which will start secretion. For 
this purpose I use a grain of tartar emetic dissolved in a teacup of water and direct 
the patient to take a teaspoonful every ten minutes until he begins to feel a little sick. 
When he does so the dyspncea usually vanishes, easy expectoration comes on and the 
separate husky coughs stop. 
A much more common example of this cough, however, occurs in the course of 
ordinary bronchitis, both acute and chronic, where, owing to the fact of the co-exis- 
tence of secretion and more or less free expectoration, its presence may be overlooked 
and it be confounded with the expectorant cough. In these case the patients have a 
number of distressing and painful separate hacks without bringing up anything, their 
cough, however, every now and then terminating in the continuous expectorating 
kind. In all such cases, though there may be considerable secretion yet it is un- 
equally distributed in patches of viscid coating with inflamed spaces between, and 
particularly if the dry surfaces are about the bifurcation of the bronchi. We need 
not say that these cases of mixed expectorant and non-expectorant coughs are es- 
pecially frequent in the course of phthisis, as we then have ulcerated conditions in 
the track of decomposed pus expelled from vomicae or from pouches of dilated 
bronchi. I am particular, therefore, to listen to the patient’s coughing in order to de- 
termine the ratio between the expectorant and the non-expectorant sounds, and if 
there be a considerable number of the latter, to add the sedative neurotics to the 
cough mixture. Of these I most prefer a small dose of chloral with a small dose of 
morphia, than a full dose of either separately with the addition of aconite in febrile 
cases. Fight grains of chloral and one-eighth of a grain of morphia, for an adult, are 
quite sufficient. 
Hut what we would particularly desire to emphasize at this juncture is that these 
neurotics are to be given for the non-expectorant element in the cough, exclusively. 
So far as expectoration itself is concerned, they are drawbacks and not helps. I have 
seen, therefore, much harm from the routine use of neurotics in coughs given ap- 
parently because, in some cases they are so markedly beneficial. In the passive 
bronchorrhiea of the aged with dilated hearts, in chronic bronchitis with bronchiectasis 
and emphysema, in capillary bronchitis, in pneumonia, and lastly, in all conditions in 
which there is abundant secretion, they are not only useless, but may be quite mis- 
chievous, and, as before remarked, they have no place in a cough mixture unless the 
sound of the cough betrays much useless irritation, as a complication. 4 
The second variety of useless cough which we would mention is pure inflamma- 
tory irritation of the pharynx. This is common enough in ordinary colds and not 
frequently the precursor of laryngeo tracheitis by extension. It is, however, one of 
the most obstinate troubles of advanced phthisis, giving rise to a constant tickling 
sensation in the throat which has been wrongly ascribed to reflex irritation from 
ulcerated surfaces lower down. Kohts found that a few separate coughs could be in- 
duced by electrical or mechanical irritation of the posterior surfaces of the palate and 
uvula and also of the pharynx, and that most violent and prolonged paroxysms could 
be induced by pulling the pharyngeal nerve. These facts explain the use of throat 
demulcents, and for the same distress in phthisis I have found Sidney Ringer’s 
recommendation to apply a powder of one grain of morphia to five of starch, with a 
brush, low down in the throat, often enables patients to get a night’s rest from the 
arrest of the prolonged paroxysms of coughs, which otherwise would rarely stop until 
vomiting changed temporarily the sensation of the throat. 
The third variety of useless coughs is from irritation of the pleura. The im- 
portance of recognizing the pleuritic origin or element in a cough can scarcely be 
overrated. I believe that many cases of permanent damage to the lungs, including 
the induction of phthisis itself, might often be prevented if the frequent origin of a 
chronic cough in a pleuritic adhesion was more commonly recognized. A valuable 
monograph might be written, indeed, on the theme that “Serous Inflammations are 
Always Serious,” not so much from their immediate effects, though often that is the 
case, as from the far-reaching consequences on the affected viscera of the glueing to- 
gether of the two surfaces of their serous coverings. How long, for example, will it 
be that the brain or spinal cord will be as good as ever, after a meningitis, however 
slight? When will the heart be quite free from the effects of a pericarditis? How 
often do we find the sequelae of a long antecedent peritonitis manifest themselves in 
some complication in the abdominal cavity? But post mortem revelations show us 
that of all serous inflammations, those which lead to pulmonary adhesion are the most 
common, often where they had not been- at all suspected. Repeatedly, on the other 
hand, I have found that patients who come to me with a chronic cough, some with the 
diagnosis of chronic fibroid phthisis, others as cases of chronic bronchitis, and others 
as instances of constitutional irritability of the respiratory passages, others again as 
asthmatics, have proved on examination to be suffering from chronic pleuratic ad- 
hesions, and therefore were most benefited by measures directed to that condition. 
Nothnagel, it is true, failed, he says, to induce cough by irritation of the pleura, but 
other experimenters, and especially Kohts, found the case to be directly the reverse; 
the latter observer noting it as invariable if the irritation was sufficient to cause in- 
flammation. I am sure, however, that all clinicians will testify to the prolonged ten- 
dency to short hacking cough, after a patient has recovered from any attack of severe 
pleurisy. I myself have never found it absent in any such patients that have been 
under my observations for a year after their attack. The only exceptions, which in 
truth are only apparent exceptions, are in cases of hydrothorax with renal disease, 
for in them the effusion is often too watery to leave adhesions after absorption. These 
patients are specially prone to have their cough return with changes of the weather, a 
common source of aggravation of all symptoms due to adhesions of serous mem- 
branes, as in pachymeningitis, for example, but, because their cough returns, then they 
are apt to ascribe it to their catching a fresh cold. My rule, therefore, is to strap the 
whole affected side for six months or more after every attack of general pleurisy, ex- 
plaining to the patients the necessity of the procedure to allow of as perfect rest as 
possible to this unresting respiratory surface, as otherwise the embers of the original 
inflammation will not go out and a permanent source of pulmonary mischief remain. 
The immediate relief to the constant sense of uneasiness in the side, and the cessa- 
tion of the useless ominous hacking cough which accompanies that uneasiness, very 
soon reconcile the patient to the trouble of wearing the straps. There are, however, 
many other conditions besides simple pleurisy where these considerations will apply. 5 
Whenever patients come to me with the ordinary signs of phthisis, I ask if they have 
been troubled with rheumetic pains about the shoulders. The answer is frequently in 
the affirmative, with often a pain behind the scapula worse in stormy weather. These 
pains are sure to give rise to useless cough. It is the familiar dry hacking cough of 
early phthisis. As a means of diagnosis, laying the cold hand on the infra clav icular 
space over the affected part will immediately elicit several sharp hacks, when the same 
procedure tried first on the unaffected side will not do so. Hut a still more decided 
example of this kind of cough, and with much more injurious effects, is when a 
womica has contracted extensive adhesions in front. The patients often then com- 
plain of an acute incisive pain through the lung which constantly excites more cough- 
ing. Now in both the early stages, and still more in vomieal, this pleuritic cough 
cannot be otherwise than harmful and provocative of increased inflammation in the 
surrounding parts. When, therefore, the phthisical process is limited to one lung, I 
invariably strap that side and keep it so for months together. Some writers, on 
theoretical grounds, object to this procedure. I believe that if they took careful clin- 
ical notes of the cases in which strapping is tried, they would come to a very different 
conclusion. 
The fourth variety of useless cough is the spasmodic cough of pertussis. This 
cough is specific in its kind and not due to bronchitis. It may, therefore, be wholly 
suppressed in less than a week, as I have done repeatedly, and not return, though the 
disease remains and runs its natural course, and may remain as infectious as ever 
without there being any cough present. If, however, the patient contract a cold be- 
fore the six weeks is over, the whooping cough at once comes back and then is quite in- 
tractable to the measures which at first arrested it, showing that the irritation of sim- 
ple bronchitis plays the same role in inciting the nervous irritability of pertussis that 
bronchitis does in exciting astlfma. My plan for arresting the cough of pertussis is 
to bring the patient as rapidly as possible fully under the influence of belladonna. 
Nothing short of doses which w ill produce the physiological effects of the drug 
should be tried. In children the dose should be enough to produce flushing of the 
skin, and repeated every two or three hours, night and day, for a week, after which 
the intervals of the doses may be gradually lengthened. Five grains of chloral may 
be added if after the third day the belladonna does not seem to have the full desired 
effect. 
The fifth variety is a tracheo laryngeal cough in children, occurring mostly at 
night and due to malarial infection. It is quite paroxysmal and strongly suggestive 
of whooping cough. In one family I had a younger child begin with such pro- 
nounced symptoms that I was fearful that it was true croup. The next day, however, 
three more of the children were down with the same croupy cough and each vv ith 
considerable fever. The occurrence of so many cases of croupy cough together was 
a great relief to me, for I s<xm found my suspicions confirmed as to the nature of the 
trouble by a sign on which I place a good deal of reliance as diagnostic of a malarial 
infection in children, namely, the presence of bhxxl corpuscles in the urine under the 
microscope. Children with these malarial coughs often rise in the morning tired and 
fretful w ith no appetite, w ith brownish yellow coating of the tongue and considerable 
pharyngeal redness; but during the day' they scarcely cough at all. If a few blood 
corpuscles are found in the urine, a few doses of quinine are sufficient to arrest the 
cough. 
The sixth variety is familiar to physicians as the n<x:turnal cough of children from 
some irritation in the alimentary canal, such as from indigestion, the presence of 
worms, etc., and should be treated accordingly. 
The seventh variety is that with which we are all familiar and which is often 
termed the uterine cough. If it be meant by this that it is associated with disorder 
of the female generative functions or organs it is correct enough, but the starting point 
of the irritation may not be from the uterus, but rather from some of its accessories. 
T his cough is often the loudest of all coughs, as in some hysterical women. Like 6 
other accompaniments of hysteria, I have succeeded best in its treatment with purga- 
tives like cascara, aloes and rhubarb, with intestinal antiseptics like benzoate of soda, 
salol and camphor, with the usual adjuvants of myrrh, assafoetida and valerian, and 
the bromides. On the other hand in women more advanced in life we may find a 
local cause in the cervix uteri, the removal of which may be all that is necessary. The 
cough of chlorotics which so often excites alarm as likely to be from phthisis, is doubt- 
less of the same general character. 
Very different, of course, is the next variety, namely, the aneurismal cough. The 
diagnosis may be facilitated by listening carefully over the trachea to the persistent 
croupy sound of the breathing, no matter how quiet the respiration be. I have sus- 
pected aneurism in a case of laryngeal phthisis, by this sign, where the co-existence of 
pronounced laryngeal ulceration made the case otherwise very obscure, and the 
autopsy proved the correctness of the surmise. This cough is best relieved by mor- 
phia, but it is surprising how often its most distressing paroxysms can be warded off 
by a couple of leeches to the notch of the sternum. 
Similar in its genesis but of widely different import, is the cough produced by 
enlarged bronchial glands pressing upon the pneumogastric. This may be one of the 
earliest signs of phthisis, but if so it wholly differs in its nature and associations from 
the early pleuritic cough. It is almost invariably accompanied by excessive sensitive- 
ness of the pharynx. Very often this goes along with hoarseness or even aphonia 
and intractable vomiting, although there be no vomica or scarcely any pulmonary 
symptom present. At other times there is a good deal of palpitation of the heart. 
In these cases the normal bronchial breathing between the scapulae is much intensified. 
You can promise the patients that their hoarseness and vomiting will both cease after 
a while, which it usually does with softening of tjie implicated glands, but all the 
symptoms, including the cough, can meanwhile be greatly relieved by repeated dry 
cupping between the shoulders. I have wondered whether some of the good results 
reported from the old practice of a seton between the shoulders in the treatment of 
consumption may not have happened in cases of this kind. Of course this kind of 
vomiting with hoarseness in phthisis is wholly different from the same symptoms 
later on. 
Another example of purely reflex coughs is mentioned in all our text books on 
diseases of the ear. Foreign bodies in the external auditory canal are specially prone 
to occasion it, and if we cannot find the reason for paroxysm of apparently causeless 
coughing we had better look for plugs of hardened wax as a possible explanation. 
Finally we have the coughs of mitral insufficiency and of cardiac dilatation, 
which are too familiar for us to detain the society with. Also the cough from irrita- 
tion of the phrenic nerve in perihepatitis, and even in abscess of the liver, as well as 
in some case of splenitis, each of which is to be recognized by its sound as having 
nothing to do with expectoration of matter from the lungs, each also requiring its 
own and not a routine treatment. There remains one cough, however, which is al- 
ways of grave import, namely, the cerebral cough. In a few cases of epilepsy it may 
indicate nothing but a functional irritation, but when associated with symptoms of 
cerebral mischief it points to organic changes or irritative lesions affecting the cough 
center in the medulla oblongata. This is apparently located in the rhomboid groove 
on both sides of the raphe, just above the calamus scriptorious, and is particularly apt 
be excited by affections of the under surface of the cerebellum, or by effusion, ab- 
scesses or tumors pressing the cerebellum down uppn the medulla. 
I have spent much time in referring to these various kinds of simple irritative 
coughs, because they are all of a wholly different nature from the cough which is due 
to the presence of some material that is not in its proper place when it is in one of our 
air tubes. Where that material is a foreign body, no matter how small, it must leave. 
But just the same may, if it be a secretion of fluid in an air tube; the tube is not for 
fluid and it must leave also. Hence a continuous and imperative coughing in which 
each act enforces the preceding, is set up until the clearing out is accomplished. The 7 
indications therefore for the treatment of expectorant coughs are simple and there are 
only two. First to make the phlegm so liquid that it will flow easily, and secondly to 
make the coughing powerful enough to be effective. We may add a third, which, how- 
ever, is not so much concerned with the act of expectoration itself, namely to check or 
diminish the amount of superabundant secretion. The last indication occurs especially 
in the passive bronchorrhoea of old persons, in cardiac weakness, and in most cases of 
c.ironic bronchitis with emphysema. For many such cases of chronic bronchitis 
I have found no treatment better that the Tr. F'erri. Mur. to tone the heart 
and weaken the bronchial muscles, because iron—the oxygen bearers, particular reme- 
dial effect, lies in its increasing muscular power. Along with1 this action, we may 
seek the adjuvants. Tr. Nucis Vomicae, Digitalis, Citrate of Caffiene and Sweet 
Spirits of Nitre. In other cases, as in phthisis with profuse bronchial discharge, the 
dilute nitric acid is indicated to check secretion, and at times, I have had in these, very 
g«K)d effect from three grain doses of zinc oxide. 
There is one condition however, in which expectorant power is often imperatively 
needed, and that is in the capillary bronchitis or pneumonia of young children or in- 
fants. Here we may have recourse to one of those physiological associations in the 
actions of contiguous organs, which it seems to me ought to be more frequently 
noticed in our text books than I find to be the case. Thus reasoning upon the fact that 
we can hardly have a movement of the bowels without a simultaneous emptying of the 
bladder and moreover that the act of defecation itself seems to excite a freer flow of 
the kidneys, as shown by one or more attempts to pass a little more water after the 
bladder had been previously emptied along with a movement of the bowels. I have 
had repeated large enemas of warm water given in the treatment of the suppression of 
scarlatinal nephritis for their physiological diuretic effect, and not, as some say, to 
have them act as internal warm water fomentations to the inflamed kidneys. But an 
equally close association exists between the esophagus and the respiratory tract. Prof. 
Kroennecker has shown that each act of swallowing produces a distinct stimulant effect 
upon the heart, as well as upon the mechanism of expiration, and hence in the severe 
dyspnoea of children’s pneumonia, I have kept for prolonged periwls the little patients 
swallowing half teaspoonful doses of hot milk and lime water with the best results in 
aiding their failing power of expectoration. On the same principle I recommend the 
sipping of a cup of hot coffee for phthisical patients before they rise in the morning 
to facilitate their morning expectoration. 
There remains therefore for us to consider now the treatment of true expectorant 
coughs according to the indication often presented, namely to render the bronchial 
secretion less viscid and more easy of expulsion. Prior to the year 1875, I relied on 
the drugs ordinarily recommended in our works on the materia medica, and used mix- 
tures of ipecacuanha, squills, senega, chloride of ammonium, chloride of potash, or 
balsamic mixtures with opium, etc. Although I had my share of successes with these 
agents, yet I was constantly meeting with cases of cough, especially with chronic ones, 
which di»l not progress to my liking at all. An instance of this sort induced me to try 
a new departure. A lady aged forty-five consulted me about a chronic bronchitis of 
many years’ standing, which in a few weeks after winter set in would be complicated 
with distressing asthma. Expectoration was very profuse and viscid. She would then 
l>e confined to her room the whole of the winter and spring months, and often be un- 
able to rise from her chair without inducing a paroxysm of asthma. Orthorpncea was 
constant during the night, and ere long after I had begun treatment, her urine became 
scanty and general anasarca set in. One of the features of this case, also was a per- 
sistent sore throat, mainly due to a posterior pharyngitis which often caused aphonia 
and from the irritability of the parts, vomiting during her fits of coughing. 
Having for some time interested myself in the observation of the action of oils 
when administered internally on mucous secretions, I came to the conclusion that all 
oils that are taken up in any quantity from the intestine, whatever their other proper- 
ties might be, would pretty surely produce a watery flow into the bronchial tract, es- 8 
pecially if directed to that mucous surface by a local hypersemia. I had already found 
by experience as I thought that a castor oil purgative on that account acted badly in 
infants with bronchitis by increasing the flow into the bronchi of mere watery secre- 
tion and thus intensifying the natural difficulty of expectoration in their little patients. 
On the other hand, it struck me that as much of the benefits of the domestic remedy 
of flaxseed infusion in acute bronchitis might be due to the oil in the seeds, the linseed 
oil itself might answer the indication I had in view in this patient, if a proper emul- 
sion of it could be made. I found however at first a considerable difficulty in making 
a stable emulsion at all of this oil, still more a palatable one, but after repeated trials, 
I succeeded in getting one made which is quite equal to any of the cod liver oil emul- 
sions in the market and an improved formula for which I herewith append. On admin- 
istering it to my patient the beneficial effect was ere long very noticeable. In the 
course of a week the expectoration became much easier, and in less than a fortnight 
the asthmatic attacks and the pharyngeal injection and irritability were markedly less- 
ened. The treatment with the oil was steadily persevered in with such continuous 
improvement that she was able to resume her domestic duties some two months in 
advance of her usual date of improvement, but what is more to the purpose, she has 
remained ever since almost wholly free from her old disease, as she is soon able to pre- 
vent its development whenever the symptoms manifest themselves, by an immediate 
recourse to the remedy. Since 1875, the emulsion of linseed oil has been my constant 
prescription in ordinary acute bronchitis, almost to the exclusion of other medicines, 
because I have found none so prompt or efficacious as it is. As I have made a uni- 
form practice for many years to keep notes of all the cases of my private practice, I 
can speak quite definitely on the subject and support my statements not by memory 
but by record. It is because I feel that we have in this oil a most efficient remedy 
for expectorant coughs, that I jvould urge it upon the attention of the profession. 
In order to allay the element or nervous irritability caused by the inflammatory 
condition of the bronchial mucous membrane, I commonly add to each tablespoon of 
the emulsion, six to eight grains of chloral and from 1-10 to 1-8 of a grain of morphia; 
but I need not say that the benefits of the mixture can scarcely be largely due to this 
for such small doses of these neurotics would soon show their efficiency if adminis- 
tered singly, while they have no effect whatever on the quality of the sputa. Not 
only, however, do I rely on this emulsion in acute bronchitis, but still more in the most 
chronic forms of the disease when the expectoration is viscid and adhesive. As a 
prophylactic against ephysema, I regard it as invaluable, and deem it not impossible 
that it may serve as a direct nutrient of the pulmonary tissue, for I have often noticed 
after its prolonged administration for many months, a decided improvement in expira- 
tory powers on the part of patients who seemed at first to have considerable over- 
distension of the lungs. It is well a remedy of decided value in the treatment of 
bronchitis, as distinction from peptic, asthma, as well as in the asthmas which have a 
history of sequence to pertussis or measles. 
Another frequent indication for its administration is in the treatment of a phthisis 
in patients who cannot take cod liver oil, particularly in those who have much bron- 
chitis. Of course it can hardly claim to possess the nutrient properties of cod liver 
oil, but as a substiute for it where such has to be found, I find it much superior to 
cream or other proposed substitutes. In many cases that can take cod liver oil, but 
in whom the cough is very racking, I administered it temporarily until the cough is 
relieved by a change in the character of the expectoration, and I may say that but few 
who after a few days’ trial find themselves unable to continue in, for in my experience, 
in comparison with cod liver oil, it is much easier borne by the stomach. * * * 
But as remarked above, when the bronchitis is primary and local in its etiology, 
the indication for its use comes up as soon as we have a eough which would at once 
improve if only we could change the secretion from the tough, glutinous, clear, album- 
inous coating which lines the tubes in acute bronchitis, or the small, adhesive, yeilow- 
wish pellicle which causes such severe coughing in chronic bronchial catarrh, to the 
secretion which the patients themselves will easily describe as loose and easy. 9 
A RELIABLE REMEDY. 
F. T. JENKINS, M. I)., Washington, I). C. 
When the physicians of all countries, particularly those of America, are deluged 
with samples of preparations by manufacturing chemists, for which, astonishing results 
are claimed. The shelves of druggists are groaning beneath the weight, not only of 
many injurious proprietary “remedies” and “curablcs” but stacked up to the ceilings 
do we find the many compounds, each one claiming from the doctor his especial atten- 
tion and promising effects, never, yet, heretofore obtained. Among these preparations 
do we find the many emulsions, mostly of cod liver oil, and it would seem that a 
raison d' eter be demanded for the defense of still another emulsion, were it not so 
essentially different from any of its predecessors. 
I am constrained to offer to you the facts as I have found them, in the trial and 
use of what I believe ought to be one of the greatest aids the medical profession has 
ever yet had in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory organs. I refer to the 
compound emulsion of linseed oil, known as Linonine, prepared by the Danbury 
Pharmacal Company, at Danbury, Conn. 
So deeply have I been impressed with the results obtained not only by personal 
use of the emulsion but from close observation of trials made by other physicians, that 
I shall, in giving my reasons for my preference for I.inonine over all its competitors, 
go somewhat into detail as to its entire formuhe and will state some facts for the bene- 
fit of others, to whom in these busy times a little light is always welcome—some of 
whom may still be clinging to cod liver oil or its many poor disguises. 
Flaxseed from time immemorial has been used for coughs and colds by the nicest 
of old women. Teas and demulcent drinks being greatly depended upon as a domes- 
tic remedy—and by the medical profession the commercial oil has long been used, 
locally and occasionally for internal administration—when one of the more far-seeing 
of the medical profession noting that secretion was promoted in the bronchial tract by 
the oil of the seeds, called attention to his observations* and endeavored from time to 
time to secure an emulsion that would answer his purpose, but extemporaneous prep- 
arations of an emdlsion of linseed oil compound, even though accompanied by the 
prayers and exhortations to the druggists, proving as unstable and unsatisfactory as 
efforts rx tempore usually do—when some clever New England chemist solved the 
problem—secured a plant and gave to the medical world an oil made from the Bombay 
seeds by cold compression, with the required manipulation for cleansing of all impur- 
ities and added ingredients, more excellent than those yet before seen—in short a per- 
fect emulsion was evolved—mathematically precise in every detail. 
Linseed oil as we find it in Linonine, to begin with, is palatable, easily assimilated 
and quick in action—promotes secretion rapidly—ridding the bronchi of the tenacious 
mucous so characteristic of acute bronchitis, completely changing the character of the 
inflammation, rehabilitation following—and all without the use of such depressing 
agencies as ipecacuanha, squills, senega, tartar emetics, etc., etc., ad infinitum, ad 
iiauu\im. In chronic bronchitis the same results obtain. No trouble to the stomach, 
no trouble to the digestive organs, all of the oil taken up, not a globule left in the 
excreta—and with cessation of the disease, repair so rapidly supplied that waste has 
disappeared. As a builder, then Linonine has no equal—a bold assertion, but I can 
make it good—both from argument and from clinical experience. 
The Irish moss which forms a basis for the emulsion known as chondrus crispus, 
•carrageen, etc.—a growth upon the searocks, a direct nutrient and demulcent contain- 
ing starch, fatty matter, iodine and bromine. Among the many chemists finding iodine 
* I ii a paper rrad before the New York Academy of Medicine on “Cough; Its Significance and 
Cure," by Win. H. Thomson, A. M., M. 1> , Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the 
Medical I>epartment of the University of New York, December, 1888. 10 
and bromine I need only name Dupasquier, (I think the French name given to the 
moss more nearly correct than any other, mousee marine per tee—which at once signi- 
fies from whence the moss comes) directly showing that iodine of necessity is one of 
its main constituents, for which alone, cod liver oil has claimed to contain value. 
It would be a work of supererogation for me to show why cod liver oil has proved so 
unsatisfactory to both physician and patient; so much of the animal oil being passed 
through the alimentary canal undigested, yet quite enough remaining to give the pan- 
creatic digestion more work than it can attend to, causing the different phases of indi- 
gestion and the consequent depression to the nerve centres, until we find the patient’s 
last state worse than the first. 
Eucalyptus, the next ingredient, is invaluable, acting directly as it does on the 
inflamed mucous surfaces, relaxing spasm, etc. The hydrocyanic acid having especial 
action on the larynx or bronchi, quieting cough, even palliative of the cough of phthisis 
—and of other affections of the chest with dyspnoea, affording greatest relief, as com- 
bined, in asthma, whooping cough, etc. 
I find it impossible to give the results of my observation of Linonine, without 
calling to the minds of those who may read this article, the salient points of each in- 
gredient entering into the make of this compound emulsion of linseed oil, which is 
doing such wonderful work wherever it is used as indicated, and I would beg to re- 
mind my brethren of one more fact. The sugar, the little used in process of making 
the emulsion and what is evolved from the starchy matter during digestion, from the 
carrageen and marsh-mallow, the influence of which, by its extraordinary osmotic 
power, infusoria and other low forms of life, to which fermentative processes are 
ascribed are almost instantly destroyed, the organisms collapsing through the rapid 
exosmose of its fluids into a medium partly saccharine. In conclusion I would say 
that while every case I have seen Linonine used in, where indicated, there has been a 
most happy result, I have also had the good fortune to be the means of prolonging a 
life which chronic bronchitis was soon to terminate, that although the age of the 
patient, Mrs. H., aet. 92, was of course hard to overcome, yet Linonine cleared up the 
bronchial tract and this leaves her free to choose some other method of exit. 
A PRACTICAL SUBSTITUTE FOR COD LIVER OIL. 
G. H. PIERCE, M. D., Danbury, Conn. 
Since 1889 Linseed Oil in Emulsion has been in constant use in my practice. I 
had found great difficulty in getting many of my patients to take cod liver oil in any 
form, and when linseed oil in a palatable form was brought to my notice, it required 
but a few trials to establish its merits. 
The preparation known as Lino nine is a perfected emulsion, and superior to the 
Mistura Ol. Lini at first presented to the profession. 
The writer was probably one of the first physicians of Danbury to make extensive 
use of the linseed oil emulsion, and did so alone on the merits of the preparation. 
Cod liver oil is of course invaluable if the stomach will tolerate it, but there are so 
many complaints from eructations that it has to be abandoned, often when the system 
positively demands an oil food. Linonine is borne by a weak stomach, and any after- 
taste which may arise is only that of the flavoring matter, which is not at all objection- 
able. The oil is so finely divided in the process of emulsification, and the other 
ingredients so thoroughly mixed that nothing except a pleasant taste is noticed. 
Linonine is indicated in all cases where cod liver oil would otherwise be used, and 
in some cases where the latter would not be. We would not think of prescribing cod 
liver oil in acute bronchitis; Linonine, the linseed oil emulsion, is most useful in this 
affection, for combining the anodynes and sedatives, morphia and chloral, where pain 
and great inflammatory conditions exist, a perfect remedy is produced. No severer 
tests of the worth of a pulmonary medicament could be found than those presented by 11 
the various forms and stages of I.a (irippe. During the first outbreak of this disease 
in the winter of 1889-yo I prescribed linseed oil emulsion with and without chloral and 
morphia, according to the degree of acute inflammition and amount of coughing, and 
obtained the very best results from its use. The very tight feeling in the bronchial 
tubes is moistened and loosened in the very first stage of bronchitis, and in the last 
stages the secretions«re favorably modified. 
Formerly linseed oil was used only as a laxative, or cure for piles, or applied ex- 
ternally in cases of burns. The hindrance to internal use was owing to its disagreeable 
taste, which has now been most beautifully overcome. I.inonine it must be remem- 
bered is more than a simple oil—it is a compound pharmaceutical product—consisting, 
in addition to the oil, of hypophosphite of iron, oil of gaultheria, Irish moss, marsh- 
mallow, glycerine and dilute hydrocyanic acid. 
In a case which I have at present, of annoying reflex cough, there being a tend- 
ency to vomit at each paroxysm of coughing, which has necessarily left the stomach in 
a delicately receptive condition, I prescribed I.inonine, and the patient at once remarked 
on the palatableness of the preparation. Now, it is an oil emulsion, and is not disa- 
greeable to a delicate stomach. 
How few, with such a combination of stomach and cough, could tolerate a cod 
liver oil emulsion at such a time. In ninety-nine cases out of a hundred the returning 
taste of the fish oil would set the patient against it. Not so with the linseed oil. 
There is no taste to return to disgust the palate, and the oil is so thoroughly emulsified, 
and of so tempting a flavor, that the patient anticipates the next dose with a relish. 
Indeed if is more difficult to keep one from “downing” the entire contents of the bottle 
than to get him to consent to take in moderation the prescribed dose. The doctor is 
receiving, daily, literature and samples “useful in the treatment of La (Irippe;” 
the field is a prolific one, and every remedy is the best. From my experience with I.in- 
onine, combining as it does nutritive, alterative and sedative properties, I am satisfied 
that its efficiency will not be long in being universally proven. 
TO THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 
In calling your attention to another pharmaceutical preparation, we believe that 
we are doing you a favor, for if we are able to convince you ffiat we have a preparation 
which cures a series of cases which are so well reached by no other known remedy with 
the same ease, made and introduced in the most ethical manner, your patient will be 
benefited and you served. It is well known that physicians are disappointed in the 
use of cod liver oil, in cases where it is indicated, on account of its non-assimilation 
and the difficulty of digestion. As a fact we know that there are thousands of physi- 
cians throughout the country to-day, who have given up the use of this most valuable 
oil l>ecause of these facts. In linseed oil, (if projierly prepared by the cold process and 
from selected seeds) we have an excellent substitute and one which never disagrees 
with the stomach. This is no new preparation but one that has been used by the med- 
ical profession for over seven years, always with :atisfactory results It is manufac- 
tured in the form of an emulsion, which is as pleasant to take as sweet cream, and as 
easily digested. Combined with Oleum Eucalyptus C. P., Chondrus (selected), Althrva, 
Officinalis (selected), Acidum Ilydrocyanicum dil. C. I1., (llycerine C. 1’., Oleum (iaul- 
theria C. P., we have a mixture which is of the most curative value, in acute bronchitis, 
whooping cough, phthisis, asthma, and all of those coughs in which the expectoration 
is difficult, from the tenacious character of the sputa. 
As a builder, a nourisher and a fattener it is equal to, if not more efficacious than 
cod liver oil, even when that can be taken and digested. 
I.inonine prepared with the greatest care, by skilled pharmaceutical chemists. 
The oil is expressed by a special process, from the seeds imported from ltombajv 12 
These seeds, by a series of elaborate experiments, we have found to be the best adapted 
for this purpose, because they contain less mineral substances, and more of the oil, 
while the oil is of greater density than that found in the seeds of other places, contain- 
ing more muric acid (of great therapeutic value) as well as dextrogyate, gum, sugar and 
cellulose. 
The oil, as we have said, is made by a special prccess and subsequently freed from 
all extraneous, deleterious, or unnecessary substances. In the large experience which 
physicians have had with Linonine, never have we heard of one instance, where it has 
not been easily borne by the stomach, and in a number of instances where the faeces 
have been watched for weeks at a time, has a single undigested globule of oil been 
seen. This alone is a point of great therapeutic value to the doctor. Its power of 
thinning the secretions of the lrngs is probably its most wonderful action. Take a 
given case, where the sputa is thick, tenacious, and exhausts the vitality of the patient, 
in the exhausting efforts at coughing, the administration of Linonine will produce re- 
sults which are almost magical in their quickness. In the after effects of La Grippe, 
especially in those cases where the influenza has been complicated with pneumonia, 
leaving a bad cough, do we find that it has proved a most valuable remedy. It builds 
up the body while it cures the cough. 
The following editorial from The Prescription, Feb., 1892, shows the tendency in 
this direction: 
“To most physicians linseed oil is good for the purpose of making carron oil only, 
and its subsequent application to burned surfaces. But it has other and valuable ther- 
apeutic uses which we believe are not fully understood. It is as valuable as cod liver 
oil in the treatment of all of those diseases for which the latter is used, while at the 
same time it does not in the least disturb the stomach. It is a vegetable oil and is as 
easily digested as cream, if properly prepared. Taken in the form of an emulsion it 
is readily assimilated by the stomach, and its influence on the mucous membrane of the 
bronchi are of a healing character, In phthisis it has been used with great advantage, 
and in all of the chronic coughs it is simply invaluable. It is also a laxative and is 
indicated in the treatment of hemorrhoids. We are sure that if used more freely by the 
profession, it will prove of great value in their hands, as it has in the hands of the 
comparatively few doctors who have tried it.” 
A FEW" OBSERVATIONS. 
Of course every new combination of medicines is subject to a considerable amount 
of criticism from the general practitioner, who looks only at the formula and indications 
for its use, without basing his remarks upon clinical experience. 
In Linonine we have, we believe, one of the most valuable therapeutic measures 
which has ever been presented to the medical profession. It is no new preparation, 
but has been in use for the last seven or eight years, and the best evidence we can pre- 
sent to an unbiased observer is, the array of local medical talent who, in this little 
pamphlet, have given their unsolicited testimonials to its value. If the home doctors 
endorse it, use it and appreciate it sufficiently to say so over their own signatures, that 
ought to be pretty good evidence that the manufacturers are honorable men, and their 
product valuable and just what they represent it to be. 
While Dr. Thomson was the first to call the attention of the profession to the use 
of oleum lini, and first presented a working formula of an emulsion to the profession, 
and while this formula was previously the basis of Linonine, still to-day, Linonine is 
as unlike Dr. Thomson’s formula, as possibly can be. 
In the first place, Dr. Thomson’s formula would keep only a certain length of 
time; while Linonine keeps indefinitely and in any climate. 
It contains besides, 30 per cent, more of the oil which is made by a special pro- 
cess, freed from all impurities, and from selected imported seeds. 13 
Oil of eucalyptus is also added. The great difficulty previously to the use of this 
valuable oil has been its irritating properties when taken internally, though no one rem- 
edy in the materia medica is so useful in the treatment of cough as that of eucalyptus. 
We use only the purest oil of eucalyptus, and by a special process, obtained only after 
a long series of experiments, we ha\e succeeded in combining it in such a manner as to 
do away with all of these objectional features. 
Marsh-mallow is also added, to make the emulsion more even and stable, as well 
as for the starchy matter which it contains, which is more easily assimilated by the 
stomach, and has wonderful sustaining powers. 
The quantity of glycerine used in Linonine is nearly double, while the syrup has 
been decreased in order to eliminate that objectionable feature, too much sugar for the 
stomach of the invalid, which sooner or later rebels, especially if taken for a long time. 
That it is a builder par excellence, superior to cod liver oil, and “ the perfect sub- 
stitute for cod liver oil,” can only lie proven to the skeptic, by a careful clinical (rial. 
Any physician who doubts this statement we are sure we can convince in a practical 
way, by communicating with us. Instances are on record where seven pounds have 
been gained in two weeks, and in the practice of one of the physicians of 1 >anbury, 
who stands high in his profession, a patient, Mrs. C., recovering from an attack of 
pneumonia following the grip, gained on the use of /.inonine, (tablespoonful four times 
a day,) eleven pounds inside of two weeks. We will be glad to put any physician in 
correspondence with the doctor in regard to this case. 
I'he clinical experience of all who have tried it has been to go to prove that I.ino- 
nine (Emulsio l.ini Comp.) is a builder far beyond the idea of those who have not used it. 
The oil should be of the purest character, cold pressed and made from selected 
seeds. 
METHODS OF ADMINISTRATIONS. 
The dose of Linoninc is one tablespoonful three or four times a day, after meals 
and at bedtime. 
If there is much irritability caused by the inflamed condition of the bronchial 
mucous membrane, from six to eight grains of hydrat. of chloral may be added and 
from i-io to t-8 of a grain of morphihe, as the indications may require. The following 
formula will serve: l{ Limmine, $ vj. Chloral llydrat., 3 iss, Morphia Sulph., gr. iss. 
M. Sij. Tablespoonful an hour after meals, and if the coughing is severe at 
night, a fourth dose may be given at bedtime. 
“An extended and entirely satisfactory experience with Linonine proves conclusively to my mind 
that it is a reconstructive without a peer. Its acceptability, palatability and digestibility are im- 
portant factors toward this end.’’ W. S. Watson, M. D., 
Surgeon 4th Reg. Conn. Nat. Guards; Vice-President Fairfield County Medical 
Society; Visiting Physician to the Danbury Hospital, etc., etc. 
OPINIONS OF THOSE WHO HAVE USED “LINONINE.” 
Dr. \V. C. Wile, of Danbury, Conn., in speaking of Linonine says: “I have used Linonine very 
extensively in my practice for the last four years, and 1 find it unequalled in the Cough of Phthisis, as 
well as in Acute and Chronic Bronchitis. In the after effects of La Grifpe, especially those cases 
which have been complicated with Bronchitis and Pneumonia, I have noticed the very best results. 
Pulatablc, easily assimilated, and quick in action, I consider it a tine qua non.” 
Danbury, Conn., Jan. 6, i8qa. 
The Danbury I’harmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—I have used Linonine with very tfood results in bronchitis, and I find it an excellent 
remedy after La Grippe. 1 cheerfully indorse it in all cases where the system needs building up. 
W. H. Murray, M, D. 14 
Newtown, Conn., Dec. 8, 1891. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—During the last four years I have used frequently, Linonine, and have found it of 
great service in the different forms of cough, notably those coughs not attended with much expectora- 
tion, and the dry cough of Phthisis. It is an elegant emulsion and easy of administration. 
Yours truly, E. M. Smith, M. D. 
Danbury, Conn., Jan. 2, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Dear Sirs:—I have used your “Linonine” with good results, and find it to fill the bill. It is much 
more pleasant to take than Cod Liver Oil, or any of the emulsions which are on the market, and 
equally valuable. Very respectfully, Wm. J. Burke, M. D. 
Danbury, Conn., Jan. n, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—Your Linonine has proven to me a faithful and reliable substitute for Cod Liver Oil. 
Being quickly digested, and easily borne by the weak or nauseous stomach. Practically sure in the 
convalescence of La Grippe where hawking and dry cough is a torturing sequel. 
Respectfully yours, Samuel J. Kelly, M. D., M. C. 
Brookfield Centre, Conn., Feb. 1, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—Having used your excellent preparation (Linonine) for sometime past in my private 
practice, I wish to express to you my appreciation of its merit. I find it especially applicable in that 
class of cases suffering from lowered vitality, consequent upon many forms of wasting pulmonary 
diseases attended with dry hacking cough, diminished expectoration, etc., etc. Being palatable and 
easily taken care of by the stomach, it should stand high with the profession as a perfect substitute 
for Cod Liver Oil. Very truly, J. F. Smith, M. D. 
Boston, Mass., Feb. 5, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—Your Linonine has proven to me a faithful and reliable substitute for Cod Liver Oil. 
I have used it in my practice for about eight months, and in each and every case it has done its work 
quickly and surely. Gentlemen, I cannot speak too highly of it. I should have said something for it 
before, but I do not intend to give my word of honor until I am sure of what I am doing. 
If this little recommendation will be of any use to you, why use it as you please, for I will always 
speak well for the bridge that carries me safely over. 
Respectfully yours, W. H. Farnsworth, M. D. 
Danbury, Conn., Feb. 6, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen.—I have used your Linonine and am very much pleased with its action. I find that 
not only is it an excellent substitute for Cod Liver Oil in phthisis and wasting diseases, but that in the 
former it also allays the irritating cough and promotes expectoration. 
Yours respectfully, N. Selleck, M. D. 
Danbury, Conn., Feb. 5, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—Having used your product, “Linonine,” as a substitute for Cod Liver Oil, I find it 
all that is claimed for it, viz., a perfect substitute for Cod Liver Oil, while not being in the least ob- 
noxious to the most sensitive stomach. Yours sincerely, S. Willard Oley, M. D. 
Danbury, Conn., Feb. 10, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—Allow me to say that I most heartily endorse your preparation “Linonine.” I 
believe it to be a most sterling remedy in the treatment of the various wasting diseases, especially those 
pertaining to the pulmonary organs. I find it a most pleasant and active agent in the building up of 
patients recovering from the La Grippe, and in the allaying of the irritable cough attending such con- 
valescence, its results are most excellent. Respectfully, G. E. Lemmer, M. D. 
Georgetown, Conn., Feb. 10, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—I have used your emulsion of Linseed Oil for the past six years, both in hospital 
and private practice. 
Your Linonine I have used this year in convalescence from La Grippe, especially in cases which 
have been complicated with pneumonia or acute bronchitis, and have received excellent results. It is 
certainly a very pleasant emulsion, and is retained by the most sensitive stomach. 
Yours truly, R. W. Lowe, M. D. 15 
Danbury, Conn., Feb. 12, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—I have had most satisfactory results from the use of I.inonine in cases of Diphtheria, 
using it as a substitute for other nourishments. Very truly yours, W. A. Barnum, i\l. D. 
Edinburgh, 111., April 4, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—I received your sample bottle of “I.inonine,” and after a fair trial I feel willing to 
recommend it in all wasting diseases where Cod Liver Oil is indicated. 
Yours truly, B. Greenwood, M. D. 
Danbury, Conn., April 12, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
< lentlemen.—I have been using Linonine somewhat extensively of late, and am much pleased with 
it. I think in many instances it is preferable to Cod Liver Oil, especially in subacute cases. 
Yours very truly, II. F. Brownlee, M. D. 
Bethel, Conn., April 14, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Sirs:--Maving used I.inonine in a number of cases, I am well pleased with it, particularly in a 
case where I have tried different preparations of Cod Liver Oil, and none could be tolerated by the 
weak stomach. Now the patient is taking the Linonine three times daily, with very good results. 
Yours, A. E. Barber, M. D. 
Ridgefield, Conn., April 15, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen: — I have used Linonine in cases requiring a restorative, with gratifying results. It 
has given satisfaction in every instance. W. E. Weed. M. D. 
Ridgefield, Conn., April 15, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Dear Sirs: --! received a sample bottle of Linonine from you in January. Its use proved satisfac- 
tory to me, and 1 have used several bottles with increasing satisfaction. I have prescribed it fre- 
quently for coughs, and am convinced that it has great merit. 
Respectfully, W. S. Todd, M. D. 
Danbury, Conn., April 19, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—I have used I.inonire in three cases where Cod Liver Oil could not be retained by 
the stomach, and have found it answers all the purposes of Cod Liver Oil. 
Dr. William F. Ijtcey. 
St. Louis, May 3, 1892. 
Having been requested by several professional friends to try Linonine as a substitute for the 
different preparations of Cod Liver Oil, I have found it to be much more easily assimilated in the 
average case of phthisis than any of the Cod Liver Oil emulsions, and it is certainly more palatable. 
1 am glad that my attention has been called to it. Wm. Porter, M. D., 
Prof, of Diseases of Throat and Chest, St. Louis College of Physicians and Surgeons. 
Whipple, Ohio, Juue 7, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—A sample bottle of Linonine ordered from you some time ago, fills the bill exactly 
a patient who cannot use Cod Liver Oil in any shape. I saw your advertisement in The Pre- 
scription and ordered the sample especially for this case, it seems to act like a charm. My patient 
says "it fills a long felt want” in his case. I am so favorably impressed with the results after using 
one bottle that I asked my druggist (W. H. Styer, Marietta, O.) to order it for me. 
Address, J. M. Hardy, M. D. 
Pleasant Valley, Dutchess Co., N. Y., July 14, 1892. 
Tne Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—After an extensive use of Linonine I find it is retained by the stomach better than 
Cod Liver < >il in any form, and it always regulates the bowels after they have been locked up by opiates 
and sedative cough mixtures. 
I was particularly pleased with it in a case of marasmus, the result of gastric catarrh and ulcera- 
tion, where all other treatment had failed. 1 am, 
Very respectfully yours, I. D. Le Roy. M. D. 16 
Danbury, Conn., Oct. i, 1894. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—We take pleasure in saying that we have sold over twelve gross* 
Linonine since January 20, 1892, to this date (2 years and 5 months). 
The most of this has been prescribed by the Danbury physicians in bronchial 
troubles and as a builder (in preference to cod liver oil). We also have sold it to cus- 
tomers who could not take cod liver oil, with the best of results. We think you can. 
refer to any physician in Danbury. Very truly yours, Reed & Company. 
Sweet Springs, Mo., Sept. 25, 1893. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—More than one month ago I was taken with severe bronchitis and 
after trying the usual medicines with but little benefit, I concluded to try Linonine, 
and it has cured me, and be assured I entertain a very high opinion of it. I have not 
taken quite one bottle full. Shall keep it on hand. D. J. Parsons, M. D. 
New York City, Jan. 22, 1894. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—I have been troubled with a lingering grip for weeks, and the benefit 
from one bottle of Linonine is so pronounced that I am inclined to keep three or four 
bottles at hand for family use. A. Henri Hart, M. D., 151 E. 52d Street. 
Kingston, N. Y., Sept. 3, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—I have used your emulsion of linseed oil, “Linonine,” quite exten- 
sively, and the results obtained have been both quick and satisfactory. I would advise 
its use particularly in chronic catarrhal troubles. I am very respectfully yours, 
J. Chambers, M. D. 
Danbury, Conn., Sept. 10, 1892. 
The Danbury Pharmacal Company. 
Gentlemen:—I have prescribed Linonine for the last year or two in bronchitis, 
with satisfaction to my patients, consequently to myself. In cases of low nervous 
troubles its use is attended with very satisfactory results. Shall certainly continue its 
use as long as these results are obtained. Yours truly Eaierson E. Snow, M. D. 
Finally.—We feel quite confident that all physicians who try 
Linonine in the various diseases for which it has been recommended 
in the preceding pages, will find that it will fill a long-felt want in 
their practice. No greater authority in the United States exists 
to-day than Prof. William H. Thomson, and the testimonials added 
to his make a most convincing argument in its favor. To recapitu- 
late : It is readily borne by the most delicate stomach; it is palatable, 
the youngest child taking it with avidity; it does what no other medi- 
cine can or will do, and that is, foosen the tough, tenacious mucus 
so distressing in all or nearly all forms of chronic cough. It will 
keep in any climate, while it is a builder superior to cod liver oil. 
Send for sample. 
THE DANBURY PHARMACAL COMPANY, 
Danbury, Conn., U. S. A.