^9^W ;&£- •^te1 i:m:>, ■ *£ n sr¥r ^ ^^^^s*^l . '*• j- '■ jA: .- ■■ v NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE Bethesda, Maryland /"N ■ «•«•£ V **1 A 'V 71 *■ ' °1 & I r ^ v^^pr / ■Z.6 '■ . / /./ ./■-7T 'X.^" tsy % 3 7"'i - t >v / j- t-t >"■ ^f\'3A v~ V* 5 X \ \ ■7 Jfttlt.ual tnitm. A DICTIONAEY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE; CONTAINING .\ CONCISE EXPLANATION OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOG'/, HYGIENE, THERAPEUTICS, PHARMACOLOGY, OBSTETRICS, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, Ac, WITH THE FRENCH AND OTHER SYNONYMES; NOTICES OF CLIMATE, AND OF CELEBRATED MINERAL WATERS; FORMULA FOR VARIOUS OFFICINAL, EMPIRICAL, AND DIETETIC PREPARATIONS, ETO. BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M.D.,LL.D., PROFESSOR OF THE INSTITUTES OP MEDICINE, ETC., IN JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA, VICE-PRESIDENT OP THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, ETO. ETO. TWELFTH EDITION, REVISED. PHILADELPHIA: BLANCHARD AND LEA. 1855. i Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1851, by BLANCHARD AND LEA, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the United States, in and for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Printed by T. EL it P. G. Collins. WLM PREFACE TO THE EIGHTH EDITION. In issuing a new edition of his Dictionary the Author has, again, the pleasure to express his acknowledgments for the reception it has met with from the profes- sion. The last two editions comprised about nine thousand subjects and terms not contained in the edition immediately preceding, many of which had been introduced into medical terminology in consequence of the progress of the science, and others had escaped him in the previous revisions. That the author has not suffered his exertions to diminish, in the preparation of the present edition, is sufficiently manifested by the fact, that he has added about four thousand terms, which are not to be found in the last. These additions have necessarily required a great amount of labour, which has been cheerfully be- stowed, however, in order that .the work might be rendered still more worthy of the vast favour which it has experienced. It has been the anxious desire of the author to make it a satisfactory and desirable—if not indispensable—lexicon, in which the student may search without disappointment for every term that has been legitimated in the nomenclature of the science; and the present very carefully revised, greatly enlarged, and accurately printed edition cannot fail to be more extensively useful, and to offer stronger claims to the attention of the practitioner and student, than any of its predecessors. ROBLEY DUNGLISON. PniLALiELPHIA, 18 GlRARD STREET. ' « EXTRACT FROM THE PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. The present undertaking was suggested by the frequent complaints, made by the author's pupils, that they were unable to meet with information on numerous topics of professional inquiry,—especially of recent introduction,—in the medical diction- aries accessible to them. It may, indeed, be correctly affirmed, that we have no dictionary of medical subjects and terms which can be looked upon as adapted to the state of the science. In proof of this, the author need but remark, that he has found occasion to add several thousand medical terms, which are not to be met with in the only medical lexicon at this time in circulation in the country. The author's object has not been to make a mere lexicon or dictionary of terms, but to afford, under each, a condensed view of its various medical relations, and thus to render the work an epitome of the existing condition of medical science. In its preparation, he has freely availed himself of the English, French, and German works of the same nature, and has endeavoured to add every subject and term of recent introduction, which has fallen under his notice; yet, with all his care, it will doubtless be found that subjects have been omitted. The numerous additions, how- ever, which he has made, and his strong desire to be useful, " by removing rubbish and clearing obstructions from the paths through which learning and genius press forward to conquest and glory," will, he trusts, extenuate these and other objections that might be urged against the work; especially when the toil, which every com- piler of a dictionary must endure, is taken into consideration; a toil which has been so forcibly depicted by the great English Lexicographer, as well as by the distin- guished Scaliger: "Si quelqu'un a commis quelque crime odieux, S'il a tug son p§re, ou blasphSme' les Dieux, Qu'il fasse un Lexicon: s'il est supplice au monde Qui le punisse mieux, je veux que Ton me toude." EXPLANATION. If the simple synonymy of any term be needed, a mere reference to the term may be sufficient j but if farther information be desired, it may be obtained under the term referred to. For example, the French word Tronc is said to be synony- mous with Trunk. This may be sufficient for the inquirer: should it not, the requisite information may be found by turning to Trunk. ABBREVIATIONS ARBITRARILY EMPLOYED. Arabic. Nat. Ord. Natural Order. Chaussier. P. Portuguese. Dutch. Ph.D. Pharmacopoeia of Dublin. Danish. Ph.E. u Edinburgh. English. Ph. L. u London. French. Ph. P. 11 Paris. Fahrenheit. Ph. U. S. u of the Uni- Family. ted States German. of America. • Hebrew. R. Reaumur. Italian. S. Spanish. Irish. s.g. Specific Gravity. Latin. Sax. 4.nglo-Saxon. Linnaeus. Sex. Syst. Sexual System. Sw. Swedish. Arab. Ch. D. Da. E. F. F. or Fah. Fam. G. Heb. I. Ir. L. Linn. 1 J NEW DICTIONARY OP MEDICAL SCIENCE. A. A ABBREVIATION A, before a consonant; An before a vowel, a, av, bare, in the compound medical terms, a privative or debasing signification, like that of the particles in, im, un, ir, in English. Thus: Stheni'a means strength ; —Aatheni'a, want of strength; —Anos- mia, want of blood, e, Apothrau'sia, Diac'ope. Excision or extirpation of a part, especially of a soft part.—Fabricius Hildanus. Fracture or injury of soft parts, with loss of substance.—Hippocrates. Diminution, or loss of voice.—Celsus. Sudden and premature termination of a dis- ease.—Galen. ABSCONSIO, Sinus. ABSENCE DU BRUIT RESPIRATOIRE, see Murmur, respiratory. ABSINTHI'TES, a^ivSirvc, Apsinthi'tea,Wm« impregnated with Absinthium or Wormwood.— Dioscorides. ABSINTHIUM 38 ACAJOU ABSINTHIUM, (Ph. U. S.,) Artemisia ab- sinthium—a. Murinum, Artemisia maritima—a. Maritimum, Artemisia maritima—a. Ponticum, Artemisia pontica—a. Romanum, Artemisia pon- tica—a. Santonicum, Artemisia santonica—a. Vulgare, Artemisia absinthium. ABSORBANT, Absorbent. ABSOR'BENT, Absor'bens, from absorbere, (ab and sorbere,) 'to drink, to suck up.' (F.) Ab- eorbant. That which absorbs. Absorbent System is the collection of vessels, Vasa absorben'tia seu resorben'tia, and glands, which concur in the exercise of absorption. A medicine used for absorbing acidity in the stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, Ac. In- vertcnx, Resor'bens, Sat'urans. Also, any substance, such as cobweb, sponge, Ac, which, when applied to a bleeding surface, retains the blood, and forms with it a solid and adhesive compound, which arrests the hemor- rhage. ABSORPTIO, Absorption — a. Sanguinis, Ha?morrhophesis. ABSORP'TION, Resorp'tio, Inhala'tio, Im- bibi"tio, Absorp'tio, Anar'rhophe, Anarrophe'sia, Cntapino'sis, Rhoebde'sis, Catarrhophe'sis, Ca- tar'rhophe ; same etymon. The function of ab- sorbent vessels, by virtue of which they take up substances from without or within the body. Two great divisions have been made of this function. 1. External absorption, or the absorption of com- position, which obtains from without the organs the materials intended for their composition; and, 2. Internal absorption, or the absorption of decomposition, which takes up from the organs the materials that have to be replaced by the exhalants. By external absorption is meant not only that which takes place at the external surface of the body, but also that of the mucous membranes of the digestive and respiratory passages. Hence, again, the division of external absorption into cu- taneous—resorp'tio cuta'nea seu cutis, inhala'tio cutis,—intestinal or digestive, and pulmonary or respiratory. Internal absorption is also subdivided into, 1. Molecular or interstitial, nutritive, organic, or decomposing, which takes up from each organ the materials that constitute it, so that the decompo- sition is always in equilibrio with the deposition. 2. The absorption of recrementitial secreted fluids, such as the fluid of serous membranes, synovia, Ac As these are constantly exhaled on surfaces which have no external outlet, they would aug- ment indefinitely, if absorption did not remove them in the same proportion as that in which they are deposited. 3. The absorption of a part of the excrementitial fluids, as they pass over the excre- tory passages. Absorption does not effect the decomposition of the body immediately. It merely prepares the fluid which has to be eliminated by the secretory organs. The great agents of external absorption are the veins and chyliferous vessels; of internal absorp- tion, probably the lymphatics. In the chylife- rous vessels and lymphatics the fluid is always found to possess the same general properties. In them, therefore, an action of elaboration or selection must have taken place. The veins, on the other hand, seem to exert no selection. Any fluid, possessing the necessary tenuity, passes through the coats of the vessel readily by imbibi- tion, and proceeds along with the torrent of the circulation. Watery fluids in this manner enter rh* blood when they are taken into the stomach. Substances that require digestion, on the other hand, must pass through the chyliferous vessels and thoracic duct. Absorption of Composition, see Absorption—- a. Cutaneous, see Absorption—a. of Decomposi- tion, see Absorption—a. Digestive, see Absorp- tion—a. External, see Absorption—a. of Excre- mentitial Secreted Fluids, see Absorption — a. Internal, see Absorption—a. Intestinal, see Ab- sorption—a. Interstitial, see Absorption—a. Mole- cular, see Absorption—a. Nutritive, see Absorption —a. Organic, see Absorption—a. Pulmonary, see Absorption—a. of Recrementitial Secreted Fluids, see Absorption—a. Respiratory, see Absorption. ABSTEME, Abstemious. ABSTE'MIOUS, Abste'mius, Aoi'nos, from abs, 'without,' and temetum, 'wine.' (F.) Absteme. Used by the ancient writers, as well as by the French, in the sense only of its roots; one who abstains from wine or fermented liquors in ge- ABSTERGENTIA, Detergents. ABSTERSIVA, Detergents. ABSTERSORIA, Detergents. AB'STINENCE, Abstinen'tia, fromabs, 'from,' and tenere, 'to hold,' Abros'ia, Asit'ia, Liman'- chia, Limocton'ia, Fasting. Privation, usually voluntary, as when we speak of abstinence from pleasure, abstinence from drink, Ac. It is more particularly used to signify voluntary privation of certain articles of food. Fasting is a useful re- medial agent in certain diseases, particularly in those of an inflammatory character. ABSUS, a kind of cassia—C. Absus—which grows in Egypt and in India, the seeds of which, pulverized and mixed with powdered sugar have been employed, in form of a dry collyrium, in the endemic ophthalmia of Egypt. ABU'LIA; from a, 'privative,' and/?ouX>7, 'will.' Loss of the will, or of volition. ABU'LICUS; same etymon. One who has lost the power of will or of volition. ABUS DE SOI-MEME, Masturbation. ABUTA, Pareira brava. ABU'TILON CORDA'TUM, Sida abutilon, Yellow mallow. An indigenous plant, common from Canada to Mexico, which resembles common mallow in its medical virtues, being mucilaginous and demulcent. ABVACUA'TIO, an excessive or colliquative evacuation of any kind. ACACIA, (Ph.U.S.) Acacia? gummi—a. Cate- chu, Catechu—a. False, Robinia pseudo-acacia— a. Germanica, see Prunus spinosa—a. Giraffe, see Accaciae gummi—a. Horrida, see Acacias gummi —a. Indica, Tamarindus—a. Nilotica, see Acaciss gummi—a. Nostras, see Prunus spinosa—a Sene- gal, see Acacias gummi—a. Vera, see Acacias o-um. miT7;a; ^xV,onica' ^nmtoxylon Campechianum. ACACI.E GUMMI, Aca'cia, from ««,, 'a point, so called in consequence of its spines, G AcacimArab'ica, G.Arab'icnm, G. Acanth'inum, G. Leueum G. Theba'icum, G. Serapio'nie, G. Lamac G.Senega, or Seneca, (see Senegal, gum,) of umAr'abic. (F.) Gomme Arabique. The gum theAca'cin seu3/imo'saNilot'ien. A™'„;„ „* mo'saNilot'ica, Aca'cia ver Spina Jlgyptmca, of Upper Egypt. Nat. Oral. Mimosese. .Sea-. Syst. Polygainia Moncecia. It is in irregular pieces, colourless or of a pale vel low colour, hard, brittle, of a shining fracture" transparent, soluble in water, and insoluble in alcohol, s. g. 1-4317. _ It is mucilaginous; but is rnrelv used, except in pharmacy. Sometimes it is administered alZ. as a demulcent. uaone Acacia Horrida and A. Giraffes, of South Afw ca, yield a good gum. -ain" ACAJOU, Anacardium occidentale. ACAMATUS 39 ACCIDENTAL Acajuba Officinalis, Anacardium occiden- tal. Acal'ypha Virgin'icA, Three-seeded mer'cury. Order, Euphorbiaceae, indigenous, flowering in August, is said to have expectorant and diuretic properties. ACAM'ATUS, from a, priv., and Kauvu, 'I la- bour.' This word has been sometimes used for a good constitution of the body. According to Galeu, it means that position in which a limb is intermediate between flexion and extension; a position which may be long maintained without fatigue. ACAMPSIA, Contractura. ACAXOS, Onopordium acanthium. Acanos Spina, Onopordium acanthium. ACAXTHA, Vertebral column. Also, Spinous process of a vertebra. ACAXTHAB'OLUS, Acan'thulus, Volsel'la, from aicavSa, 'a spine,' and (5a\\u>, 'I cast out.' A kind of forceps for removing extraneous sub- stances from wounds.—Paulus of _Egina, Fabri- cius ab Aquapendente, Scultetus, Ac. ACANTHALZUCA, Echinops. AC AN THE FAUSSE, Heracleum spondy- lium. ACANTHIUM, Onopordium acanthium. ACANTHULUS, Acauthabolos. ACANTHUS MOLLIS, same etymon as Aca- cia, Melamphyl'lum, Branca ursi'na seu vera, Brankur'sine, Bear's Breech. (F.) Pied d'ours. This plant is mucilaginous like Althaea, and is used as a demulcent. ACAPATLI, Piper longum. ACAR'DIA, from a, priv., and xapSia, 'the heart.' The state of a foetus without a heart. ACARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the. AC'ARICIDE, from acarus, and ccedere, ' to kill.' A destroyer of acari, — as of the acarus scabies. ACARICOBA. The Brazilian name for Hy- drocot'yle umbella'tum, used by the Indians as an aromatic, alexipharmic, and emetic. ACARON, Myrica gale. ACARP'vE, from a, 'privative,' and nap-nos, 'fruit.' A division of the family of cutaneous diseases by Fuchs, in which there is no "fruit," (Germ. Frucht,) or production from the cutane- ous surface — tubercles, vesicles or pustules. Lentigo, Chloasma, Argyria, and Pityriasis be- long to it. ACARUS, from a, privative, and Kapr/g, 'di- visible.' A minute insect, one species of which has been noticed by several observers, in the itch. The Acarus Scabiei, see Psora. Acarus Ciro, see Psora — a. Comedonum, Acarus Folliculorum. Ac'arus Cros'sei. An insect supposed by Mr. Crosse, of England, to have been developed in a solution of silicate of potassa when submitted to slow galvanic action, for the purpose of obtain- ing crystals of silex. It did not, however, prove to be a new formation. Acarus Folliculo'rum, Entozo'on Folliculo'- rum, A. Comedo'num, De'modex folliculo'rum, Simo'nea folliculo'rum, Steatozo'on folliculo'rum, Macrogas'ter plat'ypus. An articulated animal- cule, discovered in the sebaceous substance of the cutaneous follicles. According to Professor Owen, it belongs to the Arachnida. Acarus Scabiei, Acarus, see Psora. ACATALEP'SIA, from a, privative, and Kara- Xauflavai, 'I comprehend.' Uncertainty in dia- gnosis. Its opposite is Catalepsia.—Galen. ACATAP'OSIS, from a privative, and Kara- noaic, 'deglutition.' Incapacity of swallowing. Vogel has given this name to difficulty of deglu- tition. ACATASTAT'IC, Acatastat'icus, from a, priv., and KaSiarnui, 'to determine.' An epithet given to fevers, Ac, when irregular in their periods or symptoms.—Hippocrates. ACATHAR'SIA, from a, priv., and KaSatptfa 'I purge;' Sordes, impurities. Omission of a pur- gative.—Foesius. ACATSJAVAL'LI, a Malabar plant, which is astringent and aromatic. A bath of it is used in that country in cases of hemicrania. It is sup- posed to be the Cassytha filiformis of Linnaeus. ACAWERIA, Ophioxylum serpentinum. ACCABLEMENT, Torpor. ACOELERATEUR, Accelerator urinas. ACCELERATOR PARTUS, Abortive. Accelerator Hm'xjEjBulbo-cavemo'sus, Bul- bo-uretral—(Ch.) Ejacula'tor Semi'nis, Bulbo- syndesmo-cacerneux. (F.) Accelerateur, from ad and celer, 'quick.' A muscle of the penis, which arises, fleshy, from the sphincter ani and mem- branous part of the urethra, and tendinous from the crus and beginning of the corpus cavernosum penis. In its course it forms a thin, fleshy layer, the inferior fibres of which run more transversely than the superior, which descend in an oblique direction; the muscles of both sides completely enclosing the bulb of the urethra. It is inserted into its fellow by a tendinous line running longi- tudinally on the middle of the bulb. Its use is to propel the urine or semen forwards. ACCENT, Sonus vocis, from ad and canere, cantum, to sing. Inflection or modification of the voice, which consists in raising or dropping it on certain syllables. The accent exhibits various alterations in dis- ease. v ACCES, Paroxysm. ACCES'SION. Acces'sio, from accedo, (ad and eedere,) 'I approach.' The invasion, approach, or commencement of a disease. A COESSOIR E, Accessory—a. du long Flechis- seur commun des orteils: see Flexor longus digi- torum pedis profundus perforans (accessorius)— a. de I Obturateur interne, Ischio-trochanterianus —a. du pied d'Hippoeampe: see Cornu ammonis —a. du Sacro-lombaire: see Sacro-lumbalis. ACCESSORIUS FLEXOR LONGUS DIGI- TORUM PEDIS; see Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perforans (accessorius)—a. Pedis hippocampi;—see Cornu ammonis. ACCESSORY, Accesso'rius, (F.) Accessoire, Annexe, same etymon. A consequence or de- pendence on any thing; as accessory ligament, muscle, nerve, Ac. Accessory of the Parot'id is a name given by Haller to a small gland, which accompanies the parotid duct, and is commonly a mere pro- longation of the parotid itself. See Parotid. Accessory Sciences to Medicine are those which do not relate directly to the science of man in a state of health or disease; as physics, chemistry, Ac. Accessory of the Par Vagum, Spinal nerve. The term accessory is also given to several muscles. ACCESSUS, Coition. ACCIDEXS, Symptoma—a. Oonsecutifs, Con- secutive phenomena. ACCIDENT, Ac'cidens, from accidere, (ad and cadere,) 'to happen.' A casualty; an unforeseen event. The French use the term in nearly the same sense as symptom. It means also an unex- pected symptom. ACCIDEN'TAL, Adventi"tious. That which happens unexpectedly. The French give the name Tissue acciaenteia, to those adventitious textures, that aro th» result of a morbid process. ACCIPITER ACETAS ACCIP'ITER, Hi'erax, \epa%, 'the hawk,' from accipere (ad and capio,) 'to take.' Menec'ratis Acoip'iter. (F.) Epervier. A bandage applied over the nose, so called from its likeness to the elaw of a hawk. ACCLI'MATED, Clima'ti assue'tus, (from ad and clima.) A word of recent introduction from the French, which means 'accustomed to a cli- mate.' ACCLIMA TEMENT, Acclimation. ACCLIMATION, Seasoning. (F.) Acclimate- ment. The act of becoming acclimated, or accus- tomed to a climate. > The constitution of a person, who goes to live in another and a very different climate, usually experiences changes, which are frequently of an unfavourable character, and the study of which is of considerable importance in medicine. ACCOM'PANIMENT, Adjun'ction. (F.) Ac- compagnement, (compagnon, 'an associate.') That which is joined to any thing. Accompaniment to the cataract is a whitish, viscid substance, which sometimes surrounds the opake crystalline, and remains after the operation for cataract, causing a secondary cataract. AC CO UCHEE, Puerpera. ACCOUCHEMENT, Parturition—a. Labori- ous, Dystocia—a. Contre nature, see Presentation, preternatural—a. Laborieux, Laborious labour. ACCOUCHEUR, (F.) Adju'tor Partus, Ob- atet'ricans, Obstetri"ciua, Maieu'ter, Maieu'tes. He who practises the art of midwifery. A physi- cian-Accoucheur, a Surgeon-Accoucheur, a Man- midwife, Ac. AC CO UCHE USE, Midwife. ACCOUPLEMENT, Coition. AOOOUTUMANCE, Habit. ACCRE'TION, Accre'tio, from ad, 'to,' and crescere, 'to increase." Augmentation; also, in- crease by juxtaposition. ACCROISSEMENT, Increase. ACCUSATIO, Indication. ACE'DIA, Incu'ria, from a, privative, and Kvios, 'care.' Want of care, neglect. Also, fa- tigue.—Hippocrates. ACELLA, Axilla. ACENINOSUS, Curative. ACEOGXOSIA, Pharmacognosia. ACEOLOGIA, Materia Medica. ACEPHALIA, see Acephalous. ACEPH'ALOBRACHUS, from a, privative, KtfaXri, 'head,' and /?po^ia)v, 'arm.' A foetus without head or arms. ACEPHALOCHI'RUS, from a, privative, Ke- 4a\n, 'head,' and %£ip, 'hand.' A foetus without head or hands. ACEPHALOCYST, Acephalocys'tis, from a, privative, xcP'&> IJ separate.' Any sign which necessarily accompa- nies a state of health or disease. ACHOUROU. The Caraib name for a species of mvrtle used in dropsy. ACHRAS AUSTRALIS, Sapota—a. Sapota, Sapota—a. Zapota, Sapota. ACHROI, Achromatis'ti, Achro'mati, Achro mi, from a, privative, and xP<->!'a> ' colour.' Pale indi- viduals.—Hippocrates. It is nearly synonymous with \ct 'juice, chyle.' Defective chylosis or formation of chyle. ACHYMO'SIS, from a, privative, and xvuos, 'juice, chyme.' Defective chymification. ACHYRODES, Acerosus. ACHYRON, Furfur. A'CIA, from aKig, a point. A word used by Celsus, which has puzzled commentators,—some believing it to have meant a needle; others the thread; and others, again, the kind of suture. "Ada mollis, non nimie torta."—Celsus, Galen, (Chifflet thinks it meant the thread.—Antwerp, 1638.) ACID, Ae"idus, Oxye. (F.) Acide, Aigre, from aKt;, 'a point;' sharp; sour; especially as ap- plied to odorous or sapid substances. The French also use the term aigre, when referring to the voice, in the sense of sharp and shrill:—as une voix aigre, vox aspera. Acid, Acetic, Aceticum acidum — a. Acetic, dilute, see Aceticum acidum. Acid, Acetous, Strong, Aceticum acidum — a. Aerial, Carbonic acid — a. Antimonious, Antimonium diaphoreticum—a. Arsenious, Arse- nicum album—a. Auric, see Gold—a. Azotic, Ni- tric acid—a. Benzoic, Benjamin, flowers of__a. Boric, Boracic acid—a. Calcareous, Carbonic acid —a. Carbonaceous, Carbonic acid—a. Carbonous, Oxalic acid—a. Chromic, see Chromic acid—a! Citric, Citric acid—a. Cyanhydric, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Cyanohydric, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Gastric, Gastric juice. Acid, Gallic, Ac"idum Gall'icum. (F.) Acid* Galhque. This acid is found in most of the astrin- gent plants that contain tannic acid of the kind obtained from galls. It is in delicate silky nee dies, usually somewhat yellowish, inodorous, and of a harsh, somewhat astringent taste. It dis solves in one hundred parts of cold and three parts of boiling water. It is very soluble in alco hoi, and but slightly so in ether. It has been highly extolled in internal hemor rhage, especially from the urinary organs and uterus. Dose from ten to twenty grains. The last Pharmacopoeia of the United State* (1851) directs it to be made by exposing a th" paste of powdered galls and distilled water for a month, adding the water from time to time to pre ACIDE ACETIQUE FAIBLE 43 ACIDUM ACETICUM serve the consistence; expressing the paste; boil- ing the residue in distilled water; filtering through animal charcoal, and crystallizing. Acid, Hippu'ric, Ac"idum Hippu'ricum, Uro- ben'zoic acid. An acid found in the urine of gra- minivorous animals. It is contained in human urine, especially after benzoic acid has been taken. See Hipyuria. Acid, Hydriod'ic, Ac"idum Rydriod'icum. This acid is made by mixing solutions of iodide of potassium and tartaric acid; filtering the liquor to separate the bitartrate of potassa, and adding water to make the resulting hydriodic acid of de- finite strength. It has been used in the same cases as the pre- parations of iodine in general, but is rarely em- ployed. Acid, Hydrochloronitric, Nitro-muriatic acid —a. Hydrocyanic, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Hydro- cyanic, dilute, see Hydrocyanic acid—a. Hydro- sulphuric, Hydrogen, sulphuretted—a. Hydrothi- onic, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Igasuric : see Jatropha curcas. Acid, Iodic, Ac"idum lod'icum, (F.) Acide Iodique. This is obtained by boiling iodine with nitric acid; or by decomposing iodate of baryta by dilute aulphuric acid. It is a white, transparent solid, slightly deliquescent, and very soluble in water. It has been given with sulphate of quinia in hoarseness, scrofula, incipient phthisis, chronic inflammation, syphilis, Ac. Dose three to six grains, or more. Acid of Lemons, Citric acid—a. Lithic, Uric acid — a. Dephlogisticated marine, Chlorine — a. Mephitic, Carbonic acid — a. of Milk, Lactic acid — a. Muriatic, see Muriaticum acidum — a. Muriatic, dilute, Muriaticum acidum — a. Ni- tric, see Nitric acid—a. Nitric, dilute, see Nitric Acid—a. Nitro-hydrochloric, Nitro-muriatic acid —a. Nitro-Muriatic, see Nitro-Muriatic Acid—a. Nitrous, dephlogisticated, Nitric acid—a. Oxysep- tonic, Nitric acid—a. Polygalic: see Polygala se- nega—a. Prussic, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Pyrolig- neous: see Aceticum acidum—a. Pyrolignic, Py- roligneous acid—a. of Sorrel, Oxalic acid—a. of Sugar, Oxalic acid—a. Sulphuric, see Sulphuric acid—a. Tannic, Tannin—a. Uric, Uric acid—a. Urobenzoic, A. Hippuric—a. Urous, Uric oxide— a. Urylic, Uric acid—a. Chromique, Chromic acid. ACIDE ACETIQUE FAIBLE, see Aceticum acidum—a. Boracique, Boracic acid—a. Chro- mique, Chromic acid — a. Gallique, Acid, gallic -— a. Hydrocyanique, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydrosulfurique, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Iodique, Acid, iodic—a. Lactique, Lactic acid— a. Nitrique, Nitric acid—a. Phoephorique, Phos- phoric acid—a. Prussique, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Sulfureux, Sulphurous acid—a. Sulfurique, Sul- phuric acid—a. Sulfurique delaye", Sulphuricum acidum dilutum—a. Tannique, Tannin. ACIDITATIO, Acidities. ACID'ITIES, Aco'res, Acidita'tio, Ac"idum morbo'sum, Ac"idum prima'rum via'rum, Oxytes, Sordex ac"idce. (F.) Aigreura. Sourness of the stomach, the result of indigestion, indicated by acid eructations, Ac. The affection is very com- mon in children, and must be obviated by absorb- ents, as magnesia, chalk, Ac, and by regulated diet. ACIDOLOG"IA, from aictc, 'apoint, a sharp instrument,' and \oyos, 'a description.' A de- scription of surgical instruments. ACIDOM'ETER, (F.)\ Acidometre, Pise-acide, from acid, and utrpov, measure. A hydrometer for determining the density of acids. ACIDS, Ac"ida, Aco'res, are liquid, solid, or gaseous bodies, possessed of a sour, more or less caustic taste, and the principal character of which is the capability of saturating, wholly or in part, the alkaline properties of bases. Acids, in general, are refrigerent and antisep- tic. Their particular uses are pointed out under the individual articles. To ACID'ULATE. (F.) Aiguiser, Aciduler. To render acidulous, or slightly acid. ACID'ULOUS, Acid'ulus, Oxo'des, Oxdi'des. (F.) Acidule, Aigrelet. Substances are so called which possess a sourish taste, as tamarinds, cream of tartar, Ac. Acidulous Fruits. Oranges, gooseberries, Ac. Acidulous Waters, Aquce Acidulcc. Mineral waters containing carbonic acid gas sufficient to render them sourish. See Waters, mineral. Acidulous Water, Simple, Aqua Ac"idi Car- bon'ici, (Ph. U. S.) Aqua a'eria fixi, Aqua acid'- ula simplex, Liquor seu Aqua Sodm efferves'cens, Aqua Garbona'tis Sodm acid'ula, Soda water, Mi- neral water, (F.) Eau Acidule simple, is water impregnated with fixed air. Water, so impregnated, is cooling, and slightly stimulating. It is used beneficially in dyspepsia, and in cases of vomiting, Ac. ACIDUM ACETICUM, Aceticum acidum—a. Aceticum aromaticum, Acetum aromaticum—a. Aceticum camphoratum : see Aceticum acidum— a. Aceticum dilutum: see Aceticum Acidum-—a. Aceticum empyreumaticum, Pyroligneous acid— a. Aceticum Scilliticum, Acetum scillas—a. Ace- tosellae, Oxalic acid—a. Acetosum, Acetum—a. Allantoicum, Allantoic acid—a. Amnicum, Am- niotic acid—a. Arsenicosum, Arsenious acid—a, Arseniosum, (Ph. U. S.) Arsenious acid—a. Azo- ticum, Nitric Acid—a. Benzoicum, Benjamin, Flowers of—a. Boracicum, Boracic acid—a. Bo- russicum, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Carbonicum, Carbonic acid—a. Citricum, Citric acid—a. Gal- licum, Acid, gallic—a. Hydriodicum, Acid hydri- odic—a. Hydrocarbonicum, Oxalic acid—a. Hy- drochloricum, Muriaticum acidum—a. Hydrocy- anicum, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Hydrocyanicum dilutum, see Hydrocyanic Acid—a. Hydrothioni- cum liquidum, see Hydrosulphuretted water—a. Iodicum, Acid, iodic—a. Jatrophicum, see Jatro- pha curcas—a. Lacticum, Lactic acid—a. Ligne- um, Pyroligneous acid—a. Ligni pyro-oleosum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Lithicum, Uric acid—a, Marinum concentratum, Muriaticum acidum—a. Morbosum, Acidities—a. Muriaticum, Muriaticum acidum—a. Muriaticum dilutum, Muriatic acid—a. Muriaticum nitroso-oxygenatum, Nitro-muriatio acid—a. Nitri, Nitric acid—a. Nitricum, Nitrio acid—a. Nitricum dilutum, Nitric acid—a. Nitro- Muriaticum, Nitro-muriatic acid—a. Oxalinum, Oxalic acid—a. Phosphoricum, Phosphoric acid —a. Primarum viarum, Acidities—a. Prussicum, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Pyro-aeeticum, Pyroligne- ous acid—a. Pyrolignosum, Pyroligneous acid— a. Pyroxylicum, Pyroligneous acid—a. Querci- tannicum, Tannin—a. Sacchari, Oxalic acid—a. Saccharinum, Oxalic acid—a. Salis, Muriaticum acidum—a. Salis culinaris, Muriaticum acidum—■ a. Salis marini, Muriaticum acidum—a. Septicum, Nitric acid—a. Succinicum, Succinic acid—a. Sul- phuricum, Sulphuric acid—a. Sulphuricum alcoo- lisatum, Elixir acidum Halleri—a. Sulphuricum aromaticum, Sulphuric acid, aromatic — a. Sul- phuricum dilutum, Sulphuric acid, diluted—a. Sulphuris volatile, Sulphurous acid—a. Sulphu- rosicum, Sulphurous acid—a. Tannicum, Tannin —a. Tartari essentiale, Tartaric acid—a. Tartari- eum, Tartaric acid—a. Tartarosum, Tartaric acid —a. Uricum, Uric acid — a. Urolithicum, Uric acid—a. Vitriolicum, Sulphuric acid—a. Vitrioli- cum aromaticum, Sulphuricum acidum aromati- cum—a. Vitriolicum alcohole aromaticum, Sul- phuricum acidum aromaticum—a. Vitriolicum ACIDURGIA 44 ACOPIS vinosum, Elixir acidum Halleri—a. Zooticum, Hydrocyanic acid—a. Zootinicum, Hydrocyanic acid. ACIDURGIA, Surgery (operative.) ACIER, Chalybs. ACIES, Chalybs—a. Digitorum manus, Pha- langes of the fingers—a. Diurna, Hemeralopia. APTVWslTA J/.."m*>'«m» Akine.'sia. Immobil1, ias, from _, move.' Rest. Immobility. Also, the interval between the systole and diastole of the heart— Parasystole. Under the term Acineses, Remberg includes the paralytic neuroses, or those that are charac- terized by defect of motive power. ACINI OF MALPIGHI, Corpora Malpighiana. ACIXIFORMIS (TUNICA.) Choroid, Uvea. ACINUS, Ac"inusglandule-'sue, from ac"inus, ' a grape-stone.' A glandiform corpuscle or gra- nulation, in which secretion was supposed to take place, and the excretory radicle to arise. _ Acini are the glob'uli arteria'rum ter'mini of Nichols. The term ac"ini glandulo'si has also been given to glands, which, like the pancreas, are arranged as it were in clusters. See Lobule. ACIPENSER, see Ichthyocolla. ACIURGIA, Surgery, (operative.) ACLEITROCARDIA, Cyanopathy. ACMAS'TICUS, from aKun, 'the top,' and araia, •I remain.' A fever which preserves an equal degree of intensity throughout its course. It is also called Homot'onos. The Greeks gave it the name of Epacmas'ticos, and Syn'ochos, when it went on increasing,—and Paracmas'ticoa, when it decreased.—Galen. ACME, Vigor, Cor'yphe, Culmina'tio, Status, Fastig"ium. The period of a disease at which the symptoms are most violent. Arche, A.pxv, is 'the commencement;' anab'asis, ava0aois, 'the period of increase;' and acme, aKun, 'the height.' ACMELLA, Spilanthus acmella—a. Mauriti- ana, Spilanthus acmella. ACMON, Incus. ACNE. Acna, Ion'thus varus, Varus, Psydra'cia Acne, Stone Pock, Whelk, Bubucle, (F.) Dartre pustuleuse dissgrninSe. A small pimple or tuber- cle on the face.—Gomeus. Foesius thinks the word ought to be Acme; and, according to Cas- sius, it is, at all events, derived from axurj, ' vi- gour ;' the disease affecting those in the vigour of life, especially. Willan and Bateman have adopted the term in their Nosology of cutaneous diseases, and placed it in the Order, Tubercula. Acne, with them, is an eruption of distinct, hard, inflamed tubercles, sometimes continuing for a considerable length of time, and sometimes suppurating slowly and partially. They usually appear on the forehead, temples and chin, and are common to both sexes; but the most severe forms are seen in young men. They require but little management, and consist of four varieties; Acne indura'ta, A. simplex, (Haplo'dcne,) A. puncta'ta (lon'thua varus punc- ta'tue, Punctm muco'sm, Comedo'nea or Mdgqot Pimple,) and A. rosa'cea.—See Gutta Rosea. Acne Rosacea, Gutta rosea—a. of the Throat, Pharyngitis, follicular. ACXES'TIS, from a, privative, and Kvactv, 'to scratch.' The part of the spine which extends, in quadrupeds, from between the shoulders to the loins. According to Pollux, the middle of the loins. The vertebral column. ACXESTOS, Cneorum tricoccum. ACOE, Audition, Ear. AC(E'LIOS, from a, privative, and «0,A 'the hand.' The forearm and hand. Gorraeus. Also, the hand. ACROCHOR'DOX, from axpos, 'extremity,' and x°?^'b 'a string.' A tumour which hangs by a pedicle. A kind of hard wart, Verru'ca pens'- His.—Aetius, Celsus. ACROCHORIS'MUS, from aiepos, 'extremity,' and x°P€V0>, ' I dance.' A kind of dance, with the ancients, in which the arms and legs were violently agitated. ACROCOLIA, Acrea. ACROCOLIUM, Acromion. ACROD'RYA, from axpo;, 'extremity,' and ipvg, 'a tree.' Autumnal fruits, as nuts, ap- ples, Ac. * ACRODYN'IA, Erythe'ma acrod'ynum, E. acrodyn'ia, (F.) Acrodynie, from axpog, 'extre- mity,' and oSwrj, 'pain.' A painful affection of the wrists and ankles especially, which appeared in Paris as an epidemic, in 1828 and 1829. It was supposed by some to be rheumatic, by others to be owing to spinal irritation. ACROLEXION, Olecranon. ACROMASTIUM, Nipple. ACROMIA, Acromion. ACRO'MIAL, Acromia'lis. Relating to the Acromion. Acromial Ar'tert, External Scap'ular, A. Arte'ria Thorac"ica humera'lis, Artere troisiime des Thoraciques,—(Ch.) A. Thoracique hume- rale, arises from the anterior part of the axillary artery, opposite the upper edge of the pectoralis minor. It divides into two branches : one, supe- rior; the other, inferior,—the branches of which are distributed to the subclavius, serratus major anticus, first intercostal, deltoid, and pectoralis major muscles, as well as to the shoulder joint, Ac. They anastomose with the superior scapu- lar, thoracic, and circumflex arteries. Acromial Nerves, Nervi acromia'les. Branches of the fourth cervical nerve, which are distributed to the acromial region. Acromial Vein has the same arrangement as the artery. ACRO'MIO-CORACOI'DEUS. Belonging to the acromion and eoracoid process. The triangular ligament between the acromion and eoracoid process of the scapula is so called. ACRO'MION, Acro'mium, Acro'mia, Acro'mis, from axpos, 'the top,' and opot, 'the shoulder.' Os Acro'mii, Hv'merus summus, Armus aummus, Mucro hu'meri, Rostrum porci'num, Caput Scap'- ulce, Acroco'liiM. The process which terminates the spine of the scapula, and is articulated with the clavicle. ACROMIS, Acromion. ACROMPHALIUM, Acromphalon. ACROM'PHALON, Acrompha'linm, from tupos, 'the top,' and op, 'I see.' Defective vision, which consists in incapability of distinguishing blue.—Gb'the. See Achromatopsia. ACYESIS, Sterilitas. A CYRUS, Arnica montana. ACYTERIUS, Abortive. ADACA. The Sphmran'thus In'dicus, a Mala- bar plant, which is acrid and aromatic. ADAC'RYA, from a, privative, and Saxpvu, 'I weep.' Defective secretion of tears. ADiEMONIA, Anxiety. ADAKO'DIEN. A Malabar plant of the fa- mily Apocyneae, used in that country in diseases of the eyes. AD'ALI, Lip'pia. A Malabar plant, which the Orientals regard as an antidote to the bite of the naja. ADAMANTINE SUBSTANCE, Enamel of the teeth. ADAMAS, Diamond. ADAMI'TA, Adami'tum. A very hard, whitfl calculus.—Paracelsus. The first word has been used for stone in the bladder: the second for lithiasis or the calculous condition. ADAM'S APPLE, Pomum Adami. ADANSONIA DIGITATA, Baobab. ADAPTER, from ad and apto, ' I fit.' A tube employed in pharmaceutical operations for length- ening the neck of a retort; or in cases where the opening of the receiver is not large enough to admit the beak of the retort. ADAR'CE, Adar'cion, Adar'cis A concretion found about the reeds and grass in the marshy regions of Galatia, and hiding them, as it were: hence the name, from a, privative, and Jqxao, ' I see.' It was formerly in repute for cleansing the skin from freckles, Ac. ADARIGO, Orpiment. ADARNECH, Orpiment. ADARTICULATIO, Arthrodia. AD CUTEM ABDOM'INIS (ARTERIA.) The superficial artery of the abdomen,—a branch of the crural or femoral, which arises at the lower part of Poupart's ligament and ascends towards the umbilicus, being distributed to the integuments. AD DAD. A Numidian plant; bitter and poisonous. ADDEPHAG"IA, Adephag"ia, from aSSnv, 'much,' and tpayeiv, 'to eat.' Voraciousness. Galen and Hoffman have given this name to vo- racious appetite in children affected with worms. Sauvages refers it to Bulimia. Also, the goddess of gluttony. ADDER'S TONGUE, Ophioglossum vulgatum. ADDITAMEN'TUM. A term once used sy- nonymously with Epiphysis. It is now restricted to the prolongation of two cranial sutures, the lamboidal and squamous. Additamentum Coli, Appendix vermiformis caeci—a. Neeatum, Olecranon—a. ad Sacrolum- balem, see Sacro-lumbalrs — a. Uncatum ulnae, Olecranon—a. Ulnae, Radius. ADDUCEXS OCULI, Rectus internus oculi. ADDUCTEUR DE L'QJIL, Rectus inter- nus oculi—a. du Gros orteil, Adductor pollicis pedis — a. Premier ou moyen, Adductor longus femoris — a. du Pouce, Adductor pollicis manfis — a. Second ou petit, Adductor brevis—a. Troi- sieme ou grand, Adductor magnus. ADDUCTION, Adduc'tio, from ad, 'to,' and ducere, 'todraw.' Parago'ge. The action by which parts are drawn towards the axis of the body. The muscles which execute this function are called Adduc'tors. ADDUCTOR MEDII DIGITI PEDIS, Pos- terior medii digiti pedis — a. Oculi, Rectus inter- nus ocuW. Adduc'tor Metacar'pi min'imi Dig"iti, Me- tacar'peus, Car'po-metacar'peus min'imi dig"iti, is situate between the adductor and flexor, next to the metacarpal bone. It arises, fleshy, from the unciform process of the os unciforme, and from the contiguous part of the annular ligament of the wrist, and is inserted, tendinous and fleshy, into the fore-part of the metacarpal bone of the little finger, from its base to its head. Adduc'tor Pol'licis Manus, A. Pol'licis, A. ad min'imum dig"itum, Metacar'po-phalan'geua pol'licis—(Ch.) (F.) Adducteur du pouce. A muscle which arises, fleshy, from almost the whole length of the metacarpal bone of the mid- dle finger, and is inserted into the inner part of the root of the first bone of the thumb. ADEC 43 Addttc'tor Pol'licis Pedis, Antith'enar, Me- tatar'su-sohphalan'gcuH pollicis. — (Ch.) Tarso- maatarsi-phalangien du pouce. (F.) Adducteur du gros orteil. Arises by a long, thin tendon, from the under part of the os calcis, from the os cuboides, os cuneiforme externum, and from the root of the metatarsal bone of the second toe. It is divided into two fleshy portions, and is inserted into the external sesamoid bone, and root of the metatarsal bone of the great toe. Bichat has given the general name, Adduc - tors, to those of the interosseous muscles of the hand or foot, which perform the action of ad- duction. Adductor Tertii Digiti Pedis, Prior tertn digiti pedis. Adductors of the thigh. These are three in number, which have, by some anatomists, been united into one muscle—the Triceps Adduc'tor Fem'oris. 1. Adduc'tor longus fem'oris, Adduc'tor fem'- oris primus, Triceps minor, Pu'bio-femora'lis— (Ch.) (F.) Premier ou moyen adducteur. Arises by a strong tendon from the upper and fore part of the os pubis and ligament of the symphysis, at the inner side of the pectinalis. It runs down- wards and outwards, and is inserted by a broad, flat tendon, into the middle of the linea aspera. 2. Adduc'tor brevis, A. fem'oris secun'dus, Triceps secun'dus, Sub-pubio-femora'lis — (Ch.) (F.) Second ou petit Adducteur. Arises tendi- nous from the os pubis, at the side of its sym- physis, below and behind the last muscle. It runs obliquely outwards, and is inserted by a short, flat tendon into the inner and upper part of the linea aspera, from a little below the tro- chanter minor to the beginning of the insertion of the adductor longus. 3. Adduc'tor magnus, Adduc'tor fem'oris ter'- tius et quartua, Triceps magnus, Is'chio-femora'- lie—(Ch.) (F.) Troisieme ou grand adducteur, is much larger than either of the others. It arises from the ramus of the pubis, from that of the ischium, and from the tuber ischii, and is inserted into the whole length of the linea aspera. Near the lower part of the linea aspera it is pierced by a kind of oblique, fibrous canal, through which the crural artery and vein pass. ADEC. The inner man.—Paracelsus. ADECTA, Sedatives. ADELIPARIA, Polysarcia. ADELODAGAM. A bitter Malabar plant, used in asthma, catarrh, and gout. ADELPHIA, see Adelphixia. ADELPHIX'IA, Adelphixia; from aSc\ipos, * brother.' Consanguinity of parts in health or disease. Frater'nitas, Fratra'tio. Hippocrates used the word Adel'phia, for diseases that re- semble each other. ADELPHIXIS, Sympathy. ADEMONIA, Depression, Nostalgia. ADEMOSYNE, Depression, Nostalgia. ADEN, aSr,v, 'a gland;' hence Adenalgia, Ade- niform, Ac.—see Gland. ADEXAL'GIA, Adenodyn'ia, from airiv, 'a gland,' and a\yos, 'pain.' Glandular pain. ADENECTOP'IA, from abVv, 'a gland,' and ticroirog, 'removed from its place.' Dislocation of a gland. ADEXEMPHRAX'IS, from aSr,v, 'a gland,' and euippafc, 'obstruction.' Glandular obstruc- tion. ADEN'IFORM, Adeniform'is, AdenoVdes, Adenoid, from Aden, 'a gland,' and Forma, -form or resemblance.' Glan'diform, or resembling a gland. ADEN1TE LYMPHATIQUE, Lymphaden- itis. ADEPS ADENI'TIS, from aSvv, 'a gland,' and Hit, a termination denoting inflammation. Phlegmasia adeno'sa seu glandulo'sa. Glandular inflamma- Adenitis Lymphatica, Lymphadenitis. Adeni'tis Mesenter'ica, Mesenter'ic Gangli- onitis. Inflammation of the mesenteric glands. Adenitis Palpebrarum Contagiosa, see Oph- thalmia. ^. „ . ADENOCHIRAPSOLOG"IA, from ahnv, 'a gland,' xtlP> 'the han(V aK™> '* lay hold of'' and \oyos, 'a description.' The doctrine of curing scrofula or the king's evil by the royal touch. ADEXOCHON'DRIUS, from aSnv, 'a gland,' and x°vd~P°s> 'a cartilage.' Relating to gland and cartilage, — for example, Arthrophy'ma adeno- chon'drium, a tumefaction of the glands and car- tilages of joints. ADENODYNIA, Adenalgia. ADENOG'RAPHY, Adenogra'phia, from aSnv, 'a gland,' and ypau>, 'I describe.' That part of anatomy which describes the glands. ADENOID, Adeniform. ADENOIDES, Adeniform. ADENOL'OGY, Adenolog"ia, from attiv. 'a gland,' and \oyos, 'a description.' A treatise on the glands. ADENOMALA'CIA, from ainv, 'a gland,' and paXaKia, ' softening.' Mollescence or softening of a gland. ADENO-MENINGEAL, see Fever, adeno- meningeal. ADENONCOSIS, Adenophyma. ADE'NO-PHARYN'GEUS, from a&vv, 'a gland,' and (papvyi-, ' the pharynx.' Some fleshy fibres, which pass from the constrictor pharyngis inferior to the thyroid gland, have received thia name. Their existence is not constant. ADE'NO-PHARYNGI'TIS. Same etymon- Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx. ADENOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi. ADENOPHY'MA, Adenon'cus, Adenonco'sis, from alrjv, 'a gland,' and ipvpa, 'a swelling.' Swelling of a gland, or glandiform ganglion. (F.) Glandage. Adenophyma is used by some to signify a soft glandular swelling;—Adenoncus, one of a harder character.—Kraus. Adenophyma Inguinalis. Bubo. ADENOSCIR'RHUS, Adenosclero'sis, from ainv, 'a gland,' and crxtppos, 'induration.' Scir- rhous induration of a gland. ADENOSCLEROSIS, Adenoscirrhus. ADENOSIS SCROPIIULOSA, Scrofula. ADENO'SUS, (Absces'sus.) A hard, glandular abscess, which suppurates slowly.—M. A. Seve- rinus. ADENOT'OMY, Adenotom'ia, from aSnv, 'a gland,' and rtuvut, 'I cut.' Dissection of the glands. ADEPHAGIA, Addephagia, Boulimia. ADEPS, Adeps Suillua, Oxyn'qium, Pingne'do. Pig's flare. The fat of the hog. ' In the Ph. U. S. the prepared fat of Sus scrofa, free from saline matter. Adeps Anseri'nus, Adeps an'seris or Goose grease, (F.) Graisse d'Oie, is emollient. It has been used as an emetic. Adeps Cantharidibus Medicatus, Unguen- tum lyttae medicatum—a. Cortice Daphnes gnidii medicatus, Unguentum epispasticum de Daphne gnidio—a. Humanus, Liquamumia—a. Hydrar- gyro medicatus, Unguentum Hydrargyri__a. ex Hydrargyro mitius dictum cinereum, Unguentum oxidi hydrargyri cinereum—a. Hydrargyri muri- ate oxygenato medicatus, Unguentum muriatis hydrargyri oxygenati medicatum—a. Hydrargyri nitrate medicatus, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis —a. Hydrargyri oxido rubro et plumbi aceta me- ADEPT 49 ADORION dicitus, Unguentum ophthalmicum—a. Lauro medicatus, Unguentum laurinum—a. Ovilli, Se- vum — a. Papavere, hyoscyamo, et belladonna medicatus, Unguentum populeum—a. Sulfure et ammoniae muriate medicatus, Unguentum sul- phuratum ad scabiem—a. Sulfure et carbonate potassoe medicatus, Unguentum sulphuratum al- calinum ad scabiem—a. Tartaro stibii medicatus, Unguentum antimonii tartarizati—a. Oxido zinci medicatus, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri. Adeps Pr^epara'tus, Hog's lard, Barrow's grease, Lard, Ax'unge, Axun'gia, Adeps suil'lus prmpara'tus, A. prapara'tus, Axun'gia porci'na, (F.) Graisse de Pore, Saindoux, is prepared by melting pig's flare, and straining it. This is called rendering the lard. Lard is emollient, but is chiefly used for forming ointments and plasters. ADEPT, Alchymist. ADEP'TA MEDICI'NA. Medicine, which treated of diseases contracted by celestial opera- tions, or communicated from heaven. Adepta Philosophia, Alchymy. ADFLATUS, Afflatus. ADH.ERENTIA, Adherence. ADILESIO, Adherence. ADHATO'DA, Justic"ia adhato'da. The Ma- labar Nut Tree. (F.) Noyer de Ceylon. Used in India for expelling the dead foetus in abortion. The word is said to convey this meaning in the Ceylonese. ADHE'REXCE, Adhe'sion, Adhmren'tia, Oon- cre'tio, Atre'sia, Pros'physis, Proscolle'sis, Ad- his'sio, from adhmrere, (ad and hmrere,) 'to stick to.' These words are usually employed synonym- ously. The French often use adherence for the state of union, and adhesion for the act of ad- hering. ADHESION, Adherence. ADHE'SIVE INFLAMMA'TION is that in- flammation which terminates by an adhesion between inflamed and separated surfaces, and which was, at one time, supposed to be necessary for such adhesion. Adhe'sive is also an epithet for certain plasters which stick closely to the skin. ADIANTHUM, Adiantum. ADIANTUM, A. pedatum. Adiantum ASARIA PALA, Dolichos pruriens. ADSPIRATIO, Aspiration, Inspiration. ADSTANS. Prostate. ADSTITES GLANDULOSI, Prostate. ADSTRICTIO Astriction, Constipation. ADSTRICTORIA, Astringents. ADSTRIXGENTIA, Astringents. ADULAS'SO. The Justitia bivalvis. A small shrub, used in India as a local application in gout. ADULT, see Adult age. Adult Age, Andri'a, from adolescere, 'to grow to,' (ad and olere, olitum, ' to grow.') Vi- ril'ity. The age succeeding adolescence, and pre- ceding old age. In the civil law, an adult is one, who, if a boy, has attained the age of fourteen years ; and, if a girl, of twelve. In the common law, one of full age. Adult, Adul'tus, is also used for one in the adult age. ADULTERATIO, Falsification. ADULTUS, see Adult age. ADUNCATIO UNGUIUM, Onychogryphosis. ADURENS, Caustic, ADURION, Rhus coriaria. ADUST, Adus'tus, from adurere, (ad and urere,) 'to burn.' The blood and fluids were formerly said to be adust, when there was much heat in the constitution and but little serum in the blood. ADUSTIO. Adustion, Burn. ADUS'TIOX, Adus'tio. State of the body described under Adust. In surgery, it signifies cauterization. ADVENTITIOUS DISEASES, Acquired dis- eases. ADVENTITIUS, Accidental. ADYXA'MIA, Impoten'tia; from a, privative, and Svvapis, 'strength,' Adyna'sia, Adyna'tia. Considerable debility of the vital powers; as in typhus fever. Some Nosologists have a class of diseases under the name Adynamia, Ec'lyses, Morbi axthen'ici. Adynamia Virilis, Impotence. ADYXAM'IC, Adynam'icus, Hypodynam'ic, By poolynam''icus ; same etymon. Appertaining to debility of the vital powers. ADYXASIA, Advnamia. ADYXATIA, Adynamia. ADYNATOCOMIUM, Hospital. ADYNATODOCHIUM, Hospital. ADYNATOS, Sickly. yEDG-U, Genital Organs. jEDCE'AGRA, from atioia, 'genital organs,' and aypa, ' seizure.' Gout in the genitals JSDCBAG'RAPHt, ^dvagraph'io. from «<- loia, ' organs of generation,' and ypafa, < I de- scribe.' A description of the organs of gene- ration. JED -ffiGSTTIACUM 51 iETHER -ffiGYPTIACUM, sEgyp'tion, Mende'sion, Mel &gyptiacum, Phar'macum ^Egyptiacum. A pre- paration of vinegar, honey, and verdigris, scarcely used now, except by veterinary surgeons as a de- tergent. See Linimentum iEruginis. .EGYPTION, ^gyptiacum. .EGYPTIUM MEDICAMENTUM AD AURES, Pharmacum ad aures. ^EGYP'TIUS PESSUS: ^Egyptian pessary. A pessary, composed of honey, turpentine, butter, oil of lily or of rose, saffron, each one part; with sometimes a small quantity of verdigris. AEICHRYSON, Sedum. ^EIPATHEIA, see Continent (Disease.) AEIPATHIA, see Continent (Disease.) 2EM0PT0ICA PASSIO, Hemoptysis. iEXEA, Catheter. 2E0LECTHYMA, Variola. .iEOLLION, Varicella. -&OLLIUM, Varicella. iEON, atoiv. The entire age of a man from birth till death. — Hippocrates, Galen. Also, the spinal marrow. See Medulla Spinalis. -EONESIS, Fomentation. ^ONION, Sedum. iEO'RA, from aiuipxo, 'I suspend.' Gestation, Bwingiug.—Aetius, Celsus, Ac. JSQUALIS, Equal. ^EQUA'TOR OCULI. The line formed by the union of the upper and under eyelid, when they are closed. It is below the middle of the globe. -EQUIVOCUS, Equivocal. AER, Air. AERATION OF THE BLOOD, Hasmatosis. AERATUS, Carbonated. AERE, Carbonated. .ffiREOLUM, jEreolus, Chalcus. The sixth part of an obolus by weight, consequently about 2 grains. A3'RESIS, aiptais, 'the removal of any thing.' A suffix denoting a removal or separation, as Aphmreais, Dimresis, Ac. AERGIA, Torpor. AERIF'EROUS, Aerifer, (F.) ASriftre, from aer, 'air,' and fcrre, 'to carry.' An epithet for tubes which convey air, as the larynx, trachea, and bronchia. AERIFLUX'US. The discharge of gas, and the fetid emanations from the sick. Flatulence. —Sauvages. AERODIAPH'THORA, from anp, 'air,' and iiaipdopa, 'corruption.' A corrupt state of the air. AERO-ENTERECTASIA, Tympanites. AEROL'OGY; Aerolog"ia, A'erolog" ice, from anp, 'air,' and \oyos, 'a description.' That part of physics which treats of the air, its qualities, uses, and action on the animal economy. AER'OMANCY, Aeromanti'a, from anp, 'air,' and pavrcia, 'divination." An art injudicial as- trology, which consists in the foretelling, by means of the air, or substances found in the at- mosphere. AEROMELI, Fraxinus ornus. AEROPERITONIE, see Tympanites. AEROPHOB'IA, from anp, 'air,' and ^o/3os, 'fear.' Dread of the air. This symptom often accompanies hydrophobia, and sometimes hyste- ria and other affections. AEROPHOB'ICUS, Aeroph'obus; same ety- mon. One affected with aerophobia. AEROPHOBUS, Aerophobicus. AEROPHTHORA, Aerodiaphthora. AEROPLEUR1E, Pneumothorax. AEROSIS, Pneumatosis, Tympanites. AEROTHORAX, Pneumothorax. J2RUCA, Cupri subacetas. JERU'GINOUS, Mrugino'sus, Io'des, from Jlrugo, 'verdigris.' (F.) Erugineux. Resem- bling verdigris in colour; as the bile when dis- charged at times from the stomach. iERU'GO,ioj,fromffs, 'copper.' Therustofany metal, properly of brass. See Cupri Subacetas. ^Erugo Ferri, Ferri subcarbonas—ae. Plunibi, Plumbi subcarbonas. -&S, Cuprum. AUSCHOS, aiax°s- Deformity of the body ge- nerally, or of some part. — Hippocrates. ^ES'CULUS HIPPOCAS'TAXUM, from esca, 'food,' [?] Casta'nea equi'na, Pavi'na, Horse. chestnut, Buck-eye. (F.) Marronicr d'Inde. Nat. Ord. Hippocastaneae. Sex. Syst. Heptandria Mo- nogynia. The bark has been advised as a substi- tute for cinchona. Both bark and fruit are as- tringent. Externally, it has been employed, like cinchona, in gangrene. J5SECAVUM, Brass. .ESTATES, Ephelides. iESTHE'MA, aiadnpa, gen. aiaOrjparos, 'a sen- sation, a perception.' See Sensation and Sensi- bility. In the plural, msthe'mata, the apparatuses of the senses. M STIIE M A T 0 L'0 G Y, jEsthematolog"ia ; from aiadnpa, and Xoyos, ' a description.' The doctrine of, or a treatise on, the senses, or on the apparatus of the senses. ^ESTHEMATOXU'SI, ^Esthematorganonu'ai, from aicdnpa, and vovaoi, ' diseases.' Diseases affecting sensation. iESTHEMATORGAXOXUSI, ^sthemato- nusi. .iESTHE'SIS, Aisthe'sis, from aioSavopai, 'I feel.' The faculty of being affected by a sensa- tion. Perception. Sensibility, as well as the senses themselves. See Sense. JESTHETERION, Sensorium. ,ESTHET'ICA, from aivSavopai, 'I feel.' Dis- eases affecting the sensations. Dulness, depra- vation or abolition of one or more of the external organs of sense. The 2d order, class Neurotica, of Good. Also, agents that affect sensation.— Pereira. JESTIVUS, Estival. A5STUARIUM, Stove. ^ESTUATIO, Ardor, Ebullition, Fermentation. iESTUS, Ardor. JEstus Volat'icus. Sudden heat, scorching or flushing of the face.—Vogel. A3TAS, Age—as. Bona, Adolescence—as. De- crepita, Decrepitude — as. Mala, Senectus — as. Provecta, Senectus—as. Senilis, Senectus. EITHER, Ether, from atSrjp, 'air,' or from ai5w, 'I burn.' Liquor mthe'reus. A volatile liquor ob- tained by distillation from a mixture of alcohol and a concentrated acid. See ..Ether sulphuricus, and Ether. JEther Chloricus, Chloroform; Ether, chloric. Mther Hydrocyan'icus, jEther Prus'sicus, Hydrocyan'ic Ether, Hydrocy'anate of Eth'crinc, Uyan'uret of Eth'ule, (F.) Ether Hydrocyanique, has been advised in hooping-cough, and where the hydrocyanic acid is indicated. Dose, 6 drops. ..Ether Lignosus, Acetone. ^Itiier Martialis, Tinctura seu Alcohol sul- furico-aethereus ferri. jEtiiur MiniiAT'icrs, Muriat'ic or Gblorohy- dric Ether, Mn'riate of Etherine, Chloride of Ethyle. This ether, on account of its volatility, can only be kept in cool places. It has the pro- perties of the other ethers, and when used, is generally mixed with an equal bulk of alcohol. It has been employed as an anaesthetic. A CJilo- rinoted Chlorohydric Ether, (F.) Ether Clilor- hydrique ehlore, formed by the action of Chlorint on Chlorohyilric Ether, has been introduced into practice as a local anae^hetie. ^THEREA HERBA 52 AFFERENT .Ether Xitrici-s Alcoolisatus, Spiritus BMueri^nitrici—as. Pyro-aceticus, Acetone. AItAer Sulphu'ricus, Ai. Yitriol'icus, Aaph- tha Vitrioli, Sul'phuric Ether. Ether prepared from sulphuric ether and alcohol. Rectified Ether, JEther rectifica'tus, prepared by distilling 12 oz. from a mixture of sulphuric ether, f^xtv, fused potass, §ss. and distilled water, fxij, is a limpid, colourless, very inflam- mable, volatile liquor; of a penetrating and fra- grant odour, and hot pungent taste. Its s. g. is 0.732. JEther Sulphuricus, Sulphuric Ether of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States (1842), .Ether of that of 1851, is formed from alcohol, Oiv; sulphuric acid, Oj ; potassa, ^vj ; distilled water, f 3iij; distilling and redistilling according to the process there laid down. The specific gra- vity of this ether is 0.750. It is a diffusible stimulant, narcotic and anti- spasmodic, and is externally refrigerant. Dose, gtt. xxx to f £iss. When ether is inhaled, it is found to be a valuable anaesthetic agent: and is employed with advantage in spasmodic affections, and in surgical operations. See Anaesthetic. The Parisian Codex has an JEther ace'ticus, an jEther muria'ticus seu hydrochlor'icus, an JEther ni'tricus seu nitro'sus, and an JEther phospho- ra'tus. They all possess similar virtues. See Anaesthetic jEther Sulphuricus Acidus, Elixir acidum Halleri — ae. Sulphuricus cum alcohole, Spiritus astheris sulphurici—as. Sulphuricus cum alcohole aromaticus, Spiritus setheris aromaticus. jEther Terebinthina'tus, Terebinth'inated ether, made by mixing gradually two pounds of alcohol, and half a pound of spirit of turpentine, with two pounds of concentrated nitric acid, and distilling one-half the mixture with a gentle heat. Employed externally and internally in biliary calculi, rheumatism, Ac. Dose 20 to 40 drops, in honey or yolk of egg. jETHEREA HERBA, Eryngium maritimum. jETHE'REAL, Ethe'real, Ethe'reous, JEthe'- reus, (F.) EthSrSe. An ethereal tincture, (F.) Teinture etherie, is one formed by the action of sulphuric ether, at the ordinary temperature, on medicinal substances. An ethereal oil is a vola- tile oil. See Olea Volatilia. jETHERIZATIO, Etherization. yETHERIZATUS, Etherized. jETHE'REO-OLEO'SA (Remedia), from jEtheroleum, 'a volatile oil.' Remedies, whose properties are dependent upon the volatile oil they contain. jETHEROLEA, Olea volatilia. oETHIOP'ICUS LAPIS, Ethiopian stone. A stone formerly supposed to be possessed of con- siderable virtue.—Oribasius. iETHIOPIFICA'TIO, .Etbiopopoe'sis, JEthi- opis'mus, JEthiopio' sis, from JEthiaps, and facere, 'to make.' The mummy-like colouring of the skin, induced at times by the use of mercurial eintment: and seen in bodies poisoned by arsenic. jETHIOPIOSIS, jEthiopilicatio. jETHIOPIS. Salvia sclarea. jETHIOPISMUS, jEthiopificatio. JETHIOPOPOESIS, jEthiopificatio. jE'THIOPS, from ai$m, 'I burn,' and uuV, 'countenance.' A black or burnt countenance. The ancients gave this name to certain oxides and sulphurets of metals, which were of a black colour. Stkiops Albus, Albino—as. Alcalisatus, Hy- drargyrum cum ci-eta —ae. Animal, see Choroid. jEthiops Martia'lis- Ferri Deutox'ydum ni- g,vm. The black deutoxide of iron: once in re- pute as a tonic. /Ethiops. Minehalis, Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum—as. Narcoticus, Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum—as. per se, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum —as. Saccharatus, Hydrargyrum saccharatum— 33. Vegetabilis, see Fucus vesiculosus. iETHOL'ICES, from ai$u>, 'I burn.' Fiery pustules on the skin. Some have considered them to have been boils. jETHUSA AMMI, Sison ammi. JEthu'sa Cyna'pium, Fool's Parsley, (F.) Faux Persil, Petite Cigue. Family, Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. A poisonous plant, which has been mistaken for true parsley, pro- ducing nausea, vomiting, headache, giddiness, sopor, and at times, fatal results. It resembles conium in its action. jEthu'sa Meum, Meum, M. Athaman'ticum, seu Anethifo'lium, Athaman'ta Meum, Ligus''ticum Capilla'ceum seu Ileum, Ses'eli Meum, Men, Spig- nel, Baldmoney. (F.) Ethuse, Mium. The root haa been advised as carminative, stomachic, Ac JETIOL'OGY, JEtiolog"ia, Etiol'ogy, Aitio- log"ia, from airia, 'cause,' and Aoyoj, 'a dis- course.' The doctrine of the causes of disease. iETI'TES, from acros, 'an eagle.' Eagle-stone, Pierre d'Aigle, Hydrate de tritoxide defer. This stone was formerly supposed to facilitate delivery, if bound on the thigh; and to prevent abortion, if bound on the arm. It was also called Lapis Collymus. MTOI PHLEBES, Temporal veins. jETOLION, Cnidia grana. AFFADISSEMENT, (F.) from/We, 'insipid.' That condition of the digestive function in which the appetite is diminished, the sense of taste blunted, and the action of the stomach enfeebled; a state usually accompanied by general languor. AFFAIBLISSEMENT, Asthenia. AFFAIRES, Menses. AFFAISSEMENT, Collapsus. AFFECTIO, Affection —a. Arthritica Cordis, Cardiagra—a. Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis —a. Hysterica, Hysteria—a. Sarmatica, Plica— a. Tympanitica, Tympanites. AFFECTION, Affec'tio, from officio or affec- tare (ad and facere,) 'to move or influence.' Any mode in which the mind or body is affected or modified. AFFECTION TYPHOlDE, see Typhus — a. Vaporeuse, Hypochondriasis. AFFECTIONES ANIMI, Affections of the mind. AFFECTIONS OF THE MIND, Affec'tus seu Passio'nes seu Affectio'nes seu Conquassatio'nes seu Confusio'nes seu Turbatio'ncs seu Perturba- tio'nes an'imi, (F.) Affections de I'dme include not only the different passions, as love, hatred, jea- lousy, Ac, but every condition of the mind that is accompanied by an agreeable or disagreeable feeling, as pleasure, fear, sorrow, Ac. In Pathology, Affection, Pathos, Pathe'ma, is synonymous with disease: thus we speak of a pulmonary affection, a calculous affection, Ac. AFFECTIONS DE FAME.' Affections of the mind. AFFECTIVE. That which affects, touches, Ac. Gall gives the term affective faculties (F.) Facnl- tes affectives, to functions dependent upon the organization of the brain, comprising the senti- ments, affections, Ac. AFFECTUS, Passion —a. Faucium pestilens Cyanche maligna — a. Hyderodes, Hydrops__a! Spasmodico-convulsivus labiorum, Neuralgia fa- ciei. & AF'FERENT, Af'ferens, Centripetal, Esod'ic from affero, (ad andfero, 'to carry,') 'I brine' Conveying inwards, as from the periphery to tb centre. The vessels which convey the lvmnb t the lymphatic glands, are called afferent Also AFFION nerves that convey impressions towards the nerv- ous centres—nervi entobmnon'tes. AF'FIOX, Of'fium, O'pium. The Bantamese thus designate an electuary of which opium is the basis, and which they use as an excitant. AFFLA'TUS, Adjla'tus, Epipnoi'a, from ad, 'to,' and flare 'to blow.' Any air that strikes the bodv^and produces disease. AF'FLUENCE, Afflux, from affluere, (ad and fluerc, 'to flow,') 'to flow to.' A flow or deter- mination of humours, and particularly of blood, towards any part. AFFLUXUS, Fluxion. AFFUSIO, Affusion—a. Frigida, see Affusion —a. Orbicularis, Placenta. AFFU'SION, Affu'sio, Pros'chysis, Epiich'ysis, from ad, 'to,' a,ndfundere,fusum, 'to pour.' The action of pouring a liquid on any body. Affu- sions, Rhyptolu'sim, cold and warm, are used in different diseases. The cold affusion, Affu'sio seu Perf u'sio frig"ida, is said to have been bene- ficial in cutting short typhus fever and scarlatina, if used during the first days. It consists in pla- cing the patient in a tub, and pouring cold water over him ; then wiping him dry, and putting him to bed. The only precaution necessary, is, to use it in the state of greatest heat and exacerba- tion ; not when chilliness, or topical inflamma- tion, is present. AFIUM, Opium. AFTER-BIRTH, Secundines. AFTER-PAINS, see Pains, labour. AGACEMENT, (F.) from aKa$uv, 'to sharpen.' The setting on edge. AGACEMENT DES DENTS. A disagree- able sensation experienced when acids are placed in contact with the teeth. Tooth edge. Setting the teeth on edge. AGACEMENT DES NERFS. A slight ir- ritation of the system, and particularly of the organs of sense and locomotion, corresponding nearly to the English Fidgets. AGALACTATIO, Agalactia. AGALACTIA, Agalax'ia, Agalac'tio, Agalac- ta'tio, Defec'tus lac'tis, Oligoga'lia, Oligogalac- tia, from a, privative, and ya\a, 'milk.' Absence of milk in the mammae. AGALAXIA, Agalactia. AGAL'LOCHUM, from ayaWopai, 'to become splendid,' Calambac, Oalambouk, Lig'num Agal'- lochi veri, Lig'num Al'oea, L. Aspal'athi, Xylo- aloes, Aloes icood. A resinous and very aromatic wood of the East Indies, from Excmea'ria AgaV- locha, Cynom.etra Agal'loehum, Aloex'ylon AgaV- lochum. Used in making pastils, Ac. — Diosco- rides, Oribasius, Paulus. AGAMOUS, see Cryptogamous. AG'ARIC, Agar'icum. A genus of plants in the Linnasan system, some of which are edible, others poisonous. It was so called from Agaria, a region of Sarmatia.—Dioscorides. Among the edible varieties of the Boletus, the following are the chief. 1. The Agar'icus edu'lis seu Arven'sis seu Sylvat'icus seu Campes'tris, (F.) Agaric comes- tible et champignon de couehe. 2. The Agar'icus odora'tus, (F.) Mousseron. The most common poisonous varieties are the Agar'icus neca'tor, (F.) Agaric meurtrier: and 2. The Agaricua acris, (F.) Agaric dcre ; besides the Auranite, a sub-genus, which includes several species. One of the most delicate is the Agaricus Aurantiacus, but care must be taken not to confound it with the A. Pseudo-aurantiacus, which is very poi- sonous. The A. aurantiacus is called, in French, Oronge. See Poisons, Table of. Agaric, see Boletus igniarius — a. Blanc, Bo- letus laricis — a. de Chene, Boletus igniarius—a. Female, Boletus igniarius — a. of the Oak, Bole- 5 AGGLUTINANT tus igniarius—a. Odorant, Dosdaleasuaveolens— a. White, Boletus laricis. AGARICUM, Boletus igniarius. \ AGARICUS, Boletus igniarius—a. Albus, Bo- letus laricis—a. Arvensis, see Agaric—a. Auran- tiacus, Amanitas, Bolites — a. Auriculasfonha, Peziza auricula — a. Campestris, see Agaric—a. Chirurgorum, Boletus igniarius — a. Igniarius, Boletus igniarius — a. Laricis, Boletus laricis — a. Pseudo-aurantiacus, Amanitas—a. Quercus, Boletus iLrniarius — a. Sylvaticus, see Agaric. AGASYLLISGALBANUM,Bubongalbanum. AGATHIS DAMARRA, Pinus damarra. AGATHOSMA CRENATUM, Diosma cre- nata. AGATIIOTES CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chi- rayita. AGA'VE AMERICA'NA^A. Ramo'sa, Ameri- can Agave, American aloe, J/aguey, from ayavos, 'admirable.' Nat. Ord. Bromeliaceas. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. This plant has been considered diuretic and antisyphilitic. The fa- vourite drink of the Mexicans—Pulque—is the fermented juice of this plant. Agave Ramosa, A. Americana. Agave Virgin'ica, Rattlesnake's master:—■ grows in the Southern States. The root is very bitter. It has been used in tincture as a carmina- tive in colic; and as a remedy for bites of ser- pents. AGE, 'n^iKia, Heli'kia, JEtas; — Of uncertain etymon. Period of life. Time that has elapsed since birth, Ac. Five ages are often designated in the life of man. 1. First infancy (Infan'tia;) 2. Second infancy (PuerH'tia-) 3. Adolescence (Adoleseen'tia:) 4. The adult age (Viril'itas:) 5. Old age (Senec'tits.) AGEXEIOS, Imberbis. AGEX'ESIS, from a, privative, and ycveoi;, 'generation.' Imperfect development of any part of the body; as cerebral agenesis, i. e. imperfect development of the brain in the foetus. AGENNESIA, Impotence, Sterilitas. AGEXXESIS, Impotence. AGENOSO'MUS; from a, privative, ysvvaa, 'I generate,' and pa, 'body.' A malformation in which the fissure and eventration are chiefly in the lower part of the abdomen; the urinary or sexual apparatus absent or very rudimentary. AGENT, Agens, from agere, 'to act' Any power which produces, or tends to produce an effect on the human body. Morbific agents, (F.) Agens morbifiques, are the causes of disease; — therapeutical agents, (F.) Agens thSrapeutiques, the means of treating it. AGER NATURjE, Uterus. AGERA'SIA, Insenescen'tia, from a, privative, and ynpas, 'old age.' A vigorous and green old age. AGERATUM, Achillea ageratum. AGE'RATUS LAPIS. A stono used by cob- blers to polish shoes. It was formerly esteemed discutient and astringent. — Galen, Oribasius, Paulus. AGES, Palm. AGEUSIA, Ageustia. AGEUS'TIA, Agheus'tia, Ageu'sia, Apogeus'- tia, Apogeu'sis, Dysmsthe'sia gustato'ria, Para- geu'sis, from a, priv., and yevaig, 'taste.' Dimi- nution or loss of taste, Anmsthe'sia lingum. Sau- vages, Cullen. AGGLOM'ERATE, Agghmicra'tus, from ag- glomerare (ad and glomerare, 'to wind up yarn in a ball,') 'to collect together.' Applied to tu- mours or glands in aggregation. AGGLU'TIXANT, Agglu'tinana, Collct'icvs, Glu'tinana, from gluten, 'glue' (F.) Agglutinnnt, Agglutinatif, Glutinatif. Remedies were for- 5 TO AGGLUTINATE 54 merly so called, which were considered capable of uniting divided parts.—Paulus. Plasters are called agglutinants, (F.) aggluti- natifs, which adhere strongly to the skin. Cer- tain bandages are likewise so termed. (F.) Ban- aelettea agglutinativea. TO AGGLU'TINATE. The French use^the word agglutiner, in the sense of 'to reunite;' as agglutiner lea levres d'une plaie, 'to reunite the lips of a wound.' AGGLUTINATIF, Agglutinant. AGGLUTIXATIO, Coition. AGGLUTIXA'TION, Colle'sis, Epicolle'sis, Proscolle'sis, Glutina'tio, from agglntinare, 'to glue together.' The first degree of adhesion. Also, the action of agglutinants. AGGLUTINER, To agglutinate. AG'GREGATE., Aggrega'tus, from aggregare, (ad and gregare,) 'to flock together,' 'to assemble together.' Glands are called aggregate which are in clusters. See Peyeri Glandules. Aggre- gate pills, (F.) Pilules agrSgatives, signified, formerly, those which were believed to contain the properties of a considerable number of medi- cines, and to be able to supply their place. AGHEUSTIA, Ageustia. AGHOUL, Agul. AGIAHA'LID or AGIHA'LID or AGRA- HA'LID. An Egyptian and Ethiopian shrub, similar to Ximenia. The Ethiopians use it as a vermifuge. The fruit is purgative. AGIHALID, Agiahalid. AGISSANT, Active. AGITATION, Agita'tio, Done'sis; from agere, 'to act.' Constant and fatiguing motion of the body, Tyrbe, Tyrba'sia, In'quies, — or distressing mental inquietude,—An'imi Agita'tio. AGITATORIUS, Convul'sive. AGLOS'SIA, from a, privative, and y\u>aca, ' the tongue.' A malformation, which consists in the want of a tongue. AGLOSSOS'TOMA, from Aglossia, and cropa, 'mouth.' A mouth without a tongue. AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY, Aglossostomo- gra'phia, from a, priv., y\u>a, ' I describe.' Description of a mouth without a tongue.—Ro- land (of Saumur). AGLUTI'TIOX, Agluti'tio, from a, priv., and glutire, ' to swallow.' A hybrid term, designat- ing impossibility of swallowing.—Linnasus. AGMA, Fracture. AGMATOLOG"IA, from aypa, fracture, and Xoyog, 'a description.' The doctrine of fractures. A treatise on fractures. AG ME, Fracture. AGMINA DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges of the fingers.—a. Membrana, Amnios. AGMIXATED GLANDS, Peyer's glands. AGNA'THIA, from a, priv., and yvado;, 'jaw.' A malformation, which consists in the want of the jaw, especially of the lower. AGNINA MEMBRANA, Amnios. AGXOI'A, Agnoe'a from a, priv., and ylVoaKU>, I know. State of a patient who does not recog- "AGXuf CAS^S^iteT" ^^ P°WBi- AGO'GE, ay-yn. The order or condition of a Jisease.-Hippoc., Galen. Likewise the state of tne air.—Hippoc, Galen, Gorrasus, Foesius AGOGTTE,ayuyos, a leader,' from ayu, 'I lead or expel. Hence Cholagogue, an expeller of bile: ni/araqogue, Ac AGOMPH'I'ASIS, Agompho'sia, from a, priva- tive, and yopfou, 'I „ail.' Looseness of the teetn.—Gorrasus. gee Gomphiasis. AGOMPHOSIS, Agomphiasis. AGON, Agony. AGRYPNODES AGONE, Hyoscyamus. AGOXIA, Sterilitas. AG ON ISM A, Agony. AGOXISMUS, Agony. AGONIS'TICA, from ayiav, 'a combat.' The part of ancient gymnastics, which had reference to the combats of the Athletas. Also, very cold water, given internally, to calm febrile heat.—Paulus of jEgina. AGONIZANS, Psychorages. AGOXOS, Sterile. AG'ONY, Agon'ia, Agon, Agonis'ma, Agonis'- mus, Mochthus, Mogus, Psychorag"ia, Psychor- rhag"ia, Angor, from ayuv, 'a combat.' The last struggle of life.—Galen, Gorrasus, Ac The agony, which is of longer or shorter duration, is characterized by great change in the features, gradual abolition of sensation and motion, loss of voice, dryness or lividity of the tongue and lips, rattling in the throat, small and intermit- tent pulse, and coldness of the extremities. This state is not present in those who die sud- denly. See Facies Hippocratica. AGOS'TUS, from ayu>, ' I lead.' The fore arm from the elbow to the fingers. Also, the palm of the hand.—Gorrasus. See Palm. AGRA, aypa, from ayptut, ' I seize hold of.' A seizure, as Odontagra, a tooth seizure, toothache; Chiragra, Podagra, Ac. AGRAFE DE VALENTIN. A kind of for- ceps with parallel branches, employed by Valen- tin in the operation for hare lip, to effect the ap- proximation of the edges of the wound. AGRAHALID, Agiahalid. AGREGATIVES PILULES. See Aggre- gate. AGRIA, Herpes exedens. AGRIAMPELOS, Bryonia alba. AGRICOCCIMELEA, Prunus Spinosa, AGRIFOLIUM, Ilex aquifolium. AGRIMONIA, Agrimony — a. Eupatoria, Agrimony—a. Odorata, Agrimony—a. Officina- lis, Agrimony. AG'RIMONY, Agrimo'nia, A. Eupato'ria seu odora'ta seu officinalis, Caf'al, Lap'pula hepat'- ica, Cockle-bur, Stickuort. (F.) Aigremoine. Nat. Ord. Rosaceas. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Digynia. A mild astringent and stomachic. Dose, in powder, from ^j to £j. Agrimony, Hemp. Eupatorium cannabinum. AGRIOCASTANUM, Bunium bulbocastanum, Lycoperdon tuber. AGRIOCINARA, Sempervivum tectorum. AGRIORIGANUM, Origanum majorana. AGRIOSELINUM, Smyrnum olusatrum. AGRIOTHYM'IA, from ayptos, 'ferocious,'and Svpos, 'disposition.' Ferocious insanity.—Sau- vages. AGRTPALMA GALLIS, Leonurus cardiaca. AGRIP'PA, JEgrip'pa, from ager partus, 'dif- ficult birth:' or perhaps from aypa, 'taking, or seizure, and r,ovS, ' the foot.' This term has been given to those born by the feet. It is pre- tended that the family of Agrippa obtained their name from this circumstance. Parturition, where the feet present, is called Agrippm partus, Aariv- pi'nnspartus. * r AGRIPPIXUS PARTUS, see Agrbna AGRO DI CEDRO, see Citrus medica AGROPYRUM LiEVISSIMUM, Triticum re- AGROSTIS, Bryonia alba. AGRUNA, Prunus spinosa. AGRYPNIA, Insomnia. AGRYPNOCOMA, Coma vigil AGRYPNO'DES, from aypw'voc 'siep , , Characterized by sleeplessness, as Febri Vess' pnodes, a fever accompanied with sleeples ^"^ AGRYPNOTICUS 55 AITION AGRYPNOTICUS, Anthypnotic AGRYP'NUS, aypvvvof. Sleepless; vigilant. AGUA DE VERUGA, see Verugas. AGUARDIENTE, Brandy. See also Spirit. —a. de Italia, see Spirit. A'GUE, from Gothic, agis, 'trembling.'(?) In- termittent fever. Ague and Fever, Intermittent fever. Ague Cake, Placen'ta febri'lis, Physco'nia sple'nicum, P. splenica, Splenis Tumor; (F.) Ga- teau febrile. A visceral obstruction—generally in the spleen—which follows agues, and is dis- tinctly felt by external examination. To a greater or less degree, it is not uncommon. Ague, Dead, see Fever, masked. Ague drop, tasteless, Liquor arsenicalis—a. Dumb, see Fever, masked—a. Free, Laurus sassafras—a. Leaping, see Leaping ague—a. Quartan, Quartan—a. Ter- tian, Tertian fever—a. Weed, Eupatorium perfo- liatum. AGUL, Aghoul, Alha'gi, the Hedisa'rum seu Hedysa'rum alhagi. A thorny shrub of Persia and Mesopotamia, which affords manna. The leaves are purgative. AGY'IOX, from a, priv., and yviov, 'limb.' Mutilated or wanting limbs. — Hippocr. Weak, feeble.—Galen. AGYR'IAS, from ayvpis, ' a collection.' Opa- city of the crystalline.—Aetius, Pare. AGYRTA, from ayvpig, 'a crowd.' Formerly, a stroller who pretended to supernatural powers. Subsequently, a quack or illiterate pretender. See Charlatan. AGYRTIA, Charlatanry. AHO'RA, from a, privative, and 'u>pa, 'youth.' Tardy development of the organs :—the opposite to Hyperho'ra. AHOUAI, Thevetia ahouai. AHUSAL, Orpiment. AHYPNIA, Insomnia. AIDE, (F.) Ad'jutor min'ister. An assistant to a surgeon in his operations, AID 0 ROMANIA, Nymphomania. AIERSA, Iris Germanica. AIGE, jEgias. AIGLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near the city of this name, in Normandy, is the cha- lybeate spring of Saint Xantin, much used in the 16th and 17th centuries. AIGLE, jEgias. AIGRE, Acidulous—a. Voix. See Acid. AIGRELET, Acidulous. AIGRETTE, see Typha latifolia. AIGREMOINE, Agrimony. AIGREURS, Acidities. AIGU, Acute. AIGUILLE, Needle—a. ct Acupuncture, see Needle—o. d Appareil, see Needle—a. d Rec de Lilvre, see Needle—a. d Cataracte, see Needle— a. de Deschamps, see Needle—a. Engainee, see Needle—a. d Fistule, see Needle—a. d. Gaine, see Needle — a. d Ligature, see Needle — a. d Manche, see Needle—a. d Seton, see Needle—a. d Suture, see Needle. AIGUILLON, (F.) Spina Helmon'tii. A term used since the time of Van Helmont to de- signate the proximate cause of inflammation. According to him, an inflamed part is in the same condition as if an aiguillon or thorn were thrust into it. AIGUISER, to Acidulate. AIL, Allium. AILE, Ala, Aileron. AILERON, (F.) Extre'ma Ala seu Pin'nula, diminutive of (F.) Aile, a wing. The extremity of the wing of a bird, to which the great feathers are attached. AILERONS DE LA MA TRICE. Three folds at the base of the broad ligaments of the uterus, which are occupied by the ovary and ita ligament, the Fallopian tube, and the round liga- ment. AIMA, 'aipa, see Haema. AIM ANT, Magnet. AIMATERA, Hepatirrhcea. AIM0RRH03A, Haemorrhagia. AIMORRHOIS, Hasmorrhois. AINE, Inguen. AIPATlIIA, Continent disease. AIPI, Jatropha manihot. AIPIMA OOXERA, Jatropha manihot. AIPIPOCA, Jatropha manihot. AIR, A'er, Pneuma, from aw, ' I breathe.' Common Air, Atmospheric air (F.) Air atmosphe- rique, is an invisible, transparent, inodorous, in- sipid, ponderable, compressible, and elastic fluid, which, under the form of the atmosphere, sur- rounds the earth to the height of 15 or 18 leagues. Air is essentially composed of two gases, oxy- gen and nitrogen, in the proportion of 20 of the former to 80 of the latter. Oxygen is the vital portion, but the nitrogen is necessary to dilute it. Air also contains a small portion of carbonic acid gas, and has always floating in it aqueous va- pour, different terrestrial emanations, Ac. Its effects upon the human body vary according to its greater or less density, temperature, moisture, Ac.; hence, change of air is found extremely serviceable in the prevention and cure of certain morbid conditions. See Climate and Respira- tion. AIR ACIDE V1TRIOLIQUE, Sulphurous acid—a. Alcalin, Ammonia—a. Atmospherique, Air. Air Bladder, Swim-bladder, Swimming blad- der ; (F.) Vessienatatoire. An abdominal organ in many fishes, sometimes communicating by means of a duct with the alimentary canal, at others, not, which is considered by some to be- long to the respiratory system. Its contents are the elements of atmospheric air, but in different proportions ; and its chief and general function appears to be to regulate the specific gravity of the fish. Air Cells of the Lungs, Bronchial cells; see Cellule—a. Chamber, Folliculus aeris—a. Dephlo- gisticated, Oxygen—a. Empyreal, Oxygen—a. du Feu, Oxygen—a. Factitious, Carbonic acid—a. Fixed, Carbonic acid—a. Gate, Azote—a. Inflam- mable, Hydrogen, Hydrogen carburetted. Air Passages, (F.) Voies aeriennes, V. aeri- feres. The larynx, trachea, bronchia, Ac. Air, Pure, Oxygen—a. Solid, of Hales, Car- bonic acid—a. Vicie, Azote—a. Vital, Oxygen. AIRAIN, Bell-metal, Brass. AIRE, Areola. AIRELLE ANGULEUSE, Vaccinium myr- tillus—a. Ponctuee, Vaccinium vitis idaea. AIRIGNE, Hook. AIRTHREY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Airthrey is situate about two miles north of Stirling, Scotland. The waters are saline ca- thartics ; containing chloride of sodium, chloride of calcium, sulphate of zinc, and chloride of mag- nesium^ AISSELLE, Axilla. AISTHESIS, jEsthesis. AITHOMO'MA, from adog, 'black.' Ablack condition of all the humours of the eye. A. Pare. AITIA, Cause. AITIOLOGY, jEtiologia. AITION, Cause. AIX-LA-CHAPELLE 56 ALBUM CANIS AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, MIXERAL WATERS OF. Called by the Germans, Aachen. A ther- mal, sulphureous, mineral water, which.contains, in 1000 grammes, 2S.54 cubic inches of sulpho- hydric acid gas, 18.05 cubic inches of carbonic acid gas, 0.1304 grammes of carbonate of lime, 0.0440 grammes of carbonate of magnesia, 0.5444 grammes of carbonate of soda, 2.3697 grammes of chloride of sodium, 0.2637 of sulphate of soda, and 0.0705 of silica. The temperature is 134° Fahrenheit. The factitious water of Aix-la-Chapelle, A'qua AquiBgranen'sis, (F.) Eau d'Aix-la-Chapelle, is made by adding pure water f^xvijss, to hydro- sulphuretted water f^iv., carbonate of soda gr. XX, chloride of sodium gr. ix.—Ph. P. There are thermal sulphureous springs at Aix in Savoy (98°), and some thermal springs at Aix in Provence (91°). AIZOOX, Sempervivum tectorum. A'.IUGA, A. pyramida'lis, Consol'ida me'dia, Bu'gula, B. pyramida'lis, Teu'criumpyramida'le, Upright Bugloss, Middle Consound. (F.) Bugle pyramidale. This plant is subastringent and bitter. Ajuga Cham,epitys, Teucrium chamaspitys. A.IUGA Reptans, Bu'gula, B. reptans, Common Bugle, (F.) Bugle rampante, has similar proper- ties. AKATALIS, Juniperus communis. AKATERA, Juniperus communis. AKINESIA, Acinesia. AKOLOGY, Materia Medica. AKRATOPEGiE, Acratopegas. ALA, Pinna, Pteryx, 'a wing.' (F.) Aile. A term often used by anatomists for parts which project like a wing from the median line; as the Aim nasi, Alee of the uterus, Ae. See Axilla and Pavilion of the Ear. Also, Pterygium. Ala Extuema, see Aileron. ALAliAS'TER, Alabas'trum. (F.) Albdtre, Alabastri'tes. A variety of compact gypsum; of which an ointment was once made ;—the un- guen'tum alabaxtri'num; used as a discutient. Alabaster likewise entered into several denti- frices. ALABASTRITES, Alabaster. AL.E IXTERNiE MINORES CLITORIDIS, Nymphae—a. Majores, Labia pudendi—a. Mino- res, Nymphiv—a. Muliebres minores, Nymphas— a. Nasi, see Nasus—a. Pudendi Muliebris, Labia pudendi—a. Pulmonum, see Pulmo—a. of the Uterus, see Ala—a. Vespertilionis, see Uterus. ALAITER, from (F.) lait, 'milk.' To suckle. ALALIA, Mutitas. ALAMBIC, Alembic. ALAXFU'TA. A name given by the Arabians to a vein, situate between the chin and lower lip, which they were in the habit of opening in cases' of foator of the breath.—Avicenna. ALAQUE'CA. The Hindoostanee name of a stone, found in small, polished fragments, which is considered efficacious in arresting hemorrhage when applied externally. It is a sulphuret of iron. ALARES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles Ala'rf.s Venje. The superficial veins at the fold of the arm. ALA'RIA OSSA. The wing-like processes of the sphenoid bone. ALA'RIS, Ala'tus, Aliform'is; fronf ala 'a wing.' Wing-shaped; winged. ALATERXUS, COMMON, Rhamnus ala- ternus — a. Latifohus, Rhamnus alaternus. ALA'TUS. Pterygo'des, Homo ala'tns. One whose scapulae project backwards like wines ALBAD'ARAN, Aldabaran. The sesamoid bone of the metatarso-phalangal joint of the great toe. The Rabbis and Magicians attributed extraordinary virtues to it.—Arabians. ALBAGIAZI, Sacrum. ALI3AMENTUM, Albumen ovi. ALB AN, SAINT, MIXERAL WATERS OF. A French acidulous chalybeate, in the department of the Loire. ALBARAS ALBA, Lepra alphoides—a. Nigra, Lepra nigricans. ALBAR2ES, Lepra alphoides. ALBAROS, Lepra alphoides. ALBATRE, Alabaster. ALBEDO UNGUIUM, see Nail. ALB IN D'CEUF, Albumen ovi. ALBINISM, see Albino. ALBIXISMUS, see Albino. ALBI'NO 'White.' Leucm'thiops, JEthiops albiis, Dondo, from albus, 'white.' (F.) Blafard, Negre-blanc. A Spanish word applied to indivi- duals of the human race who have the skin and hair white; the iris very pale, bordering on red; and the eyes so sensible, that they cannot bear the light of day. This condition, which has been called Leucmthio'pia, Alpho'sis AJthiop'ica, Albi- no'is'mus, Albinis'mus, Al'binism, Leucopathi'a, is seen more frequently in the Negro. Both sexes are exposed to it. It docs not seem to be true, that there are tribes of Albinos in the interior of ALBINOISMUS, see Albino. ALBOR OVI, Albumen ovi. AL'BORA. A kind of itch or complicated leprosy.—Paracelsus. ALBOT, Crucible. ALBOTIM, Terebinthina. ALBUGIN'EA, Tu'nica albugin'ea, A. Testis, Perites'tis, Dura mater testis, Membra'na capsula'- ris testis. (F.) AlbuginSe, Tunique albuginee. A strong, fibrous, and resisting membrane, which immediately envelopes the testicle, and has, at its upper part, an enlargement, called corpus Highmorianum. From its inner surface it sends off a number of flat, filiform prolongations or septa, between which are contained the semi- niferous vessels. Externally it is covered by the tunica vaginalis testis. ALBUGINEE, Albuginea, Albugineous. ALBUGIN'EOUS, Albugin'eus, 'white,'from albus, (F.) Albuginee. A term applied to tex- tures, humours, Ac, which are perfectly white. Albugin'eous Fibre, (F.) Fibre albuginee. A name given by Chaussier to what he considers one of the four elementary fibres. The albugineous fibre is linear, cylindrical, tenacious, elastic, but little extensible, and of a shining, satiny appearance. It forms fascias or fasciculi, which constitute the tendons, articular ligaments, and aponeuroses; hence the name Albugineous membranes, given by Chaussier to the fibrous membranes. Gauthier considered, that the rete mucosura consists of four layers, to two of which he gives the names membra'na albugin'ea profun'da and membra'na albugin'ea superficia'lia, respectively ALBUGINI'TIS, (F.) Albuginite. A term employed by some authors for inflammation of the albugineous tissue. Thus, gout and rheu- matism are regarded as species of the genus albuginitis. ALBUGO OCULORUM, Leucoma—a. Ovi Albumen ovi. ' ' ALBULA, Leucoma. ALBUM CANIS, Album graecum —a. Ceti Cetaceum. ' ' Album Graecum, Oynoc'oprus, Spo'dium Grce- co'rum, Album Canis, Stercus Cani'num Alb The white dung of the dog. It consists almost ALBUMEN 57 ALCOHOL wholly of phosphate of lime, from the bones used as food. It was formerly applied as a discutient to the inside of the throat in quinsies, but is now justly banished from practice. Album Nigrum. The excrement of the mouse. Album Oculi, see Sclerotic. Album Rhazis. A white ointment made of cerusse and lard, prescribed by the Arabian phy- sician Rhazes. ALBU'MEN, Leuco'ma, Ooni'ne, Ozemun, from albus, 'white.' (F.) Albumine. An immediate principle of animals and vegetables, which con- stitutes the chief part of the white of egg. It is found in the serum, chyle, synovia, serous fluids, Ac. There is not much difference in chemical composition between animal and vegetable albu- men, fibrin and casein: fibrin alone appears,how- ever, to be possessed of plastic properties. Also, the white of the eye. See Sclerotic. Albu'men Ovi, Albu'mor, Albu'go Ovi, Albor Ovi, Can'didum Ovi, Albu'men, Clare'ta, Ovi albus liquor, Albumen'tum, Lac avis or white of egg, (F.) Blanc d'ocuf, (Old F.) Albin d'ceuf, is used in pharmacy for suspending oils, Ac, in water. See Ovum. ALBUMINE, Albumen. ALBUMINURIA. A hybrid term from 'Albu- men,' and ovpov, 'the urine.' A condition of the urine in which it contains albumen, the presence of which is indicated by its coagulation on the application of adequate heat. ALBUMIN URORRHEE, Kidney, Blight's disease of the. ALBUMOR, Albumen ovi. AL'CAEST, Al'cahest, Al'chaest, perhaps from (G.) all, 'all,' and geist, 'spirit.' A word in- vented by Paracelsus to designate a liquor, which, according to him, was capable of removing every kind of swelling. The same word was used by Van Helmont for a fancied universal solvent, capable of reducing every body to its elements. Alcaest of Glauber is a thick liquor ob- tained by detonating nitrate of potassa on hot coals, which transforms it into subcarbonate of potassa. Alcaest of Respour is a mixture of potassa and oxyd of zinc. ALCAHEST, Alcaest ALCAHOL, Alcohol. ALCALES'CENCE, Alkales'cence, Alcalescen'- tia. The condition in which a fluid becomes alkaline. Alcalescence of the Humours was an old notion of the humourists. It can only occur during the putrid fermentation of animal mat- ters, which contain azote, and produce ammonia. Alcalin'ity is the quality of being alcaline. AL'CALI or Alca'li, Al'kali, from al (Arab.,) 'the,' and kali, the name of the Salso'la Soda, a plant which contains a large quantity of one of the principal alkalis—soda. The alkalis are substances soluble in water, possessing generally a urinous, acrid, and caustic taste, turning the syrup of violets green, and restoring to blue in- fusion of litmus, which has been reddened by acids; reddening the yellow of turmeric, and having the greatest tendency to unite with acids, whose character they modify, and form salts with them. In medicine we understand by this term Potassa, Soda, or Ammonia. Alcali, Caustic, Al'kali Cans' ticum. A pure alkali. One deprived of its carbonic acid. Alcalis, Fixed, Soda and potassa; Volatile Alcali, Ammonia. Alcali Ammoniacum Acetatum, Liquor am- moniae acetatis—a. Ammoniacum fluidum, Liquor ammoniae—a. Fixum tartarizatum, Potassae tar- tras — a. Minerale sulphuricum, Soda, sulphate of—a. Tartari aceto saturatum, Potassae acetas— a. Vegetabile salito dephlogi.sticatum, Potassae murias hyperoxygenatus—a. Vegetabile tartari- zatum, Potassae tartras—a. Vegetabile vitriola- tum, Potassae sulphas—a. Volatile acetatum, Li- quor ammonias acetatis — a. Volatile aeratum, Ammoniae carbonas—a. Volatile ex sale ammo- niaco, Ammonias carbonas. ALCALIGENE, Azote. ALCALINITY. See Alkalescence. ALCANA, Anchusa officinalis. ALCANNA MAJOR LATIFOLIA DENTA- TA, Prinos—a. Orientalis, Lawsonia inermis—a. Spuria, Anchusa tinctoria—a. Vera, Lawsonia inermis. ALCEA, Hibiscus abelmosehus—a. jEgyptiaca, Hibiscus abelmosehus—a. Indica, Hibiscus abel- mosehus. Alce'a Ro'sea, Common hollyhock. Emollient, like Althaea. ALCHACHENGE, Physalis. ALCHACHIL, Rosmarinus. ALCHAEST, Alcahest. ALCHEMIL'LA, said to have been celebrated with the Alchemists [ ? ] A. vulga'ris, Common Ladies' Mantle, Pea Leo'nia, Leontopo'dium, (F.) Pied de Lion. Formerly in great repute as an astringent in hemorrhage. ALCHEMY, Alchymy. ALCHITRAM, see Pinus Sylvestris. ALCHITURA, see Pinus Sylvestris. ALCHOOL, Alcohol. ALCHORXEA LATIFOLIA, see Alcornoque. AL'CHYMY, Al'ehemy, Alchemi'a, Alchimi'a, Adep'ta Philosoph'ia, from al, an Arabic par- ticle, signifying ' superiority, excellence,' and Ohimia, ' Chymistry.' This word was formerly synonymous with Chymistry; but, from the 7th century, it has been applied to the mysterious art of endeavouring to discover a universal re- medy, and a mode of transmuting the baser me- tals into gold: an operation to which they gave the name Opus magnum, and Philosopher's stone. Alchymy has also been called Scien'tia vel Philosoph'ia Hermet'ica, from an idea that Her- mes or Mercury was its inventor. Harris has well defined this chimerical art: ' Ars sine arte, cujus principium est mentiri, me- dium laborare, et finis mendicare.' Al'chymist, Flatua'rius, Adept'. One pre- tending to alchymy. ALCOCALUM, Cynara scolymus. AL'COHOL, Al'cahol, Alchool, Allcol, Alcol, Al'cool, Al'kool. An Arabic word, formerly used for an impalpable powder, and signifying 'very subtile, much divided.' At the present day it is applied to highly rectified spirit of wine : — see Spiritus rectificatus or rectified spirit, distilled from dried subcarbonate of potassa. In the Ph. U. S. Alcohol is rectified spirit of the specifio gravity 0.835. Alcohol is an inflammable liquor, lighter than water, of a warm, acrid taste, colourless, trans- parent, and of a pungent, aromatic smell. It is the product of the distillation of vinous liquors; is miscible with water in all proportions, and is the direct solvent of resins, balsams, Ac. Various other vegetable principles are soluble in it, and hence it is.used, in different states of concentra- tion, in the preparation of elixirs, tinctures, es- sences, Ac. Alcohol acts on the animal body as a powerful stimulus: as such, in a dilute form, it is used in the prevention and cure of disease. Its habitual and inordinate use is the cause of many serious affections, of a chronic character especially, aa visceral obstructions, dropsy, Ac. ALGEDON ALCOHOLIC 5 Alcohol ^thereus Ferratus, A. Sulfurico- jrthereus ferri—a. cum Aloe perfoliate, Tinctura aloes—a. Ammonias et guaiaci, Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata—a. Ammoniatum, Spiritus ammonias —a. Ammoniatum aromaticum, Spiritus ammo- nias aromaticus—a. Ammoniatum fcetidum, Spi- ritus ammonias foetidus—a. Amylicum, Oil, Fusel —a. cum Aromatibus sulphuricatus, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum—a. cum Aromatibus compo- Bitus, Tinctura cinnamomi composita—a. Casto- riatum, Tinctura castorei—a. cum Crotone casca- rilla, Tinctura cascarillas—a. Dilutum, Spiritus tenuior—a. Ferratus, Tinctura ferri muriatis— a. cum Sulphate ferri tartarisatus, see Ferrum tartarisatum—a. cum Guaiaco officinale ammo- niatus, Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata — a. Iodii, Tinctura Iodinas — a. cum Opio, Tinctura opii —a. Sulphuricatum, Elixir acidum Halleri—a. Sulphuricum, Elixir acidum Halleri — a. Sul- phuris, Carbonis sulphuretum—a. Vini, Spiritus rectificatus. ALCOHOL'IC, Alcohol'icus,Spirituo'bus,Spir'- ituous. Relating to or containing alcohol—as an alcoholic drink or remedy. ALGOL, Alcohol. ALGOL/E, Aphthae. ALCOOL, Alcohol—a. Camphre", Spiritus cam- phors;. ALCOOLAT, Tincture. ALCOOLATUM, Tincture—a. Antiscorbuti- cum, Tinctura de Cochleariis — a. Carminativum Sylvii, Tinctura de Cochleariis—a. de Croco com- positum, Tinctura de Croco composita. ALCOOLISER (F.) Formerly, 'to reduce into an impalpable powder.' No longer used. ALCOOLOMETER. Areometer. ALCORNOQUE (F.) Cortex Alcornoco. The bark of Alehor'nea latifo'lia, of Jamaica, which has been considered capable of curing phthisis. It is bitter, tonic, and slightly astringent. Dose of the powder ^i to £ss. AL'CYON, Hal'cyon. A swallow of Cochin China, whose nest is gelatinous and very nutri- tious. It has been proposed in medicine as ana- leptic and aphrodisiac ALCYO'NIUM, Bastard sponge. The ashes were formerly employed as dentrifices: they were believed proper for favouring the growth of the hair and beard, and were used in Alopecia. ALDABARAN, Albadaran. ALDEHYDE, see Anaesthetic. ALDER, AMERICAN, Alnus serratula—a. Black, Prinos, Rhamnus frangula—a. European. Alnus glutinosa. ALE, Cerevisia. ALEACAS, Glycyrrhiza. ALECOST, Tanacetum balsamita. ALECTO'RIUS LAPIS, Alecto'ria; from oXt/crup, ' a cock.' The name of a stone, supposed to exist in the stomach of the cock, or, according to others, in that of the capon, four years old. Many marvellous properties were formerly attri- buted to it, which are as groundless as its exist- ence. There are no stones in the stomach, except what have been swallowed. ALEGAR, Acetum. ALEHOOF, Glechoma hederacea. ALEIMMA, Liniment. ALEIPHA, Liniment. ^ ALEIPTE'RIUM, from a\et, , 'I sprinkle.' Spots which precede the eruption of small pox. ALIEXATIO, Anomalia—a. Mentis, Insanity. ALIEXATION, MENTAL, Insanity. ALIEXUS, Delirious. ALIFORMES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles. ALIFORMIS, Alaris, Pterygoid. ALIGULUS, Confection. ALIMA, Aliment. ALIMELLjE, Parotid. AL'IMENT, Alimen'tum, Al'ima, Harma'lia, Nutri'men, Nu'triens, Sustentaculum, Ciba'rium, Broma, Oomis'te, Cibus, Esca, Nutri'tus, Nutri- tnen'tuym, Sitos, Trophe. (F.) Aliment, Nourri- ture, from alere, 'to nourish.' Food. Any sub- stance which, if introduced into the system, is capable of nourishing it and repairing its losses. The study of aliments forms one of the most important branches of hygiene. They are con- fined to the organized kingdom,—the mineral affording none. As regards the immediate principles which predominate in their composition, they have been classed, but imperfectly, as follows:— TABLE OF ALIMENTS. ( Wheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, In- l. Feculaeeous. s dian corn, potato, sago, peas, f beans, &c. ( Carrot, salsify, beet, turnip, aspara- S. Mucilaginous. < gus, cabbage, lettuce, artichoke, ( melon, &c. 3. Saccharine. Sugar, fig, date, raisin, apricot, Ac. ( Orange, currant, gooseberry, cher- . , -. \ ry, peach, strawberry, raspberry, 4. Acidulous. < muihen-y^ prune, pear, apple, ' sorrel, &c. _ ,( Cocoa, olive, sweet almond, nut, 5. Oleaginous and} walnut, animal fat, oil, butter, Fatly- \ &c. 6. Caseous. Different kinds of milk, cheese. I Tendon, aponeurosis, true skin, 7. Gelatinous. < cellular texture; very young ( animals. 8. Albuminous. Brain, nerve, eggs, &c. 9. Fibrinous. Flesh and blood. Dr. Prout has four great classes—the aqueous, aaccharine, oleaginous, and albuminous : — Dr. Pereira twelve; —the aqueous, mucilaginous or gummy, saccharine, amylaceous, ligneous, pecti- naceous, acidulous, alcoholic, oily or fatty, pro- teinaceous, gelatinous, and saline. Liebig divides them into two classes: — the nitrogenized or plastic elements of nutri- tion, in which he comprises vegetable fibrin, vegetable albumen, vegetable casein, flesh and blood; and the non-nitrogenized elements of respiration, in which he comprises, fat, starch, gum, cane sugar, grape sugar, sugar of milk, pec- tin, bassc\rin, wine, beer and spirits. The former alone, in his view, are inservient to the nutrition of organized tissue : the latter are burnt in respi- ration, and furnish heat. The following simple arrangement is, perhaps, as little objectionable as any: Fibrinous (Glutinous') 1. Nitrogenized Aliments, Albviminous. (Albuminous, of Prout.) } CaBeinous ( Amylaceous. 2. JVon-nitrogenized Aliments, < Saccharine. ( Oleaginous. The second division might be still farther sim- plified, inasmuch as amylaceous aliments are convertible into sugar during the digestive pro- cess ; and, from both, oleaginous matter may be formed. ALIMENTARY TUBE, Canal, alimentary. ALIMENTATION, Alimenta'tio. The act of nourishing. ALIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum. ALIMOS, Glycyrrhiza. ALINDE'SIS, from aXivoopai, 'to be turned about.' A species of exercise, which consisted in rolling in the dust, after having been anointed with oil.—Hippocrates. ALIPjE'NOS, Alipm'num, Alipan'tos, from a, priv., and Xitravetv, 'to be fat.' An 'epithet for- merly given to every exterra7 riPiciy, devoid of fat or moisture; such as po'.c'dr^.-— G?.Ien. ALIPANTOS, Alipaen-^. ALIP'TA, Alip'tes, is rr\ o'wtyn, 'I r.noint,' He who anointed th<* SdliYetie after bp.thing- The place where this ut.s done was called Alip- ALIPTERIUM, * t. Alipta. ALIP'TICA, sario etymon. The part of an- cient medicine, width treated of inunction, as t, means of preservj xg health. ALISIER BIANC, Cratasgus aria. ALISMA, A. ,)lantago, Arnica m on tana—a. Grammifolia, A plantago — a. Lanceola'ta, A. plantago. Alis'ma Pl^'iTA'go, Alisma, A. lanceola'ta sea graminifo'lia, i'ihnta'go aquat'ica, Water Plan- tain, (F.) Plaitain d'Eau. Nat. Ord. Alismaceas. Sex. Syst. H' Aandria Polygynia. The fresh root is acrid, an ' t° S° *° stool.' The dis- charge of extraneous matters from the bowels. The discharge of faeces by an abnormous opening. ALLOCHOOS, Delirious. ALLOCHROMA'SIA, from aXXoy, 'another,' and XP01!"1' ' colour.' A change of colour. ALL030PATHIA, Allopathy. ALLGEOPATHIC, Allopathic. ALLO30SIS, Alteration. ALL030TICUS, Alterative. ALLOIOSIS, Alteration. ALLOIOTICUS, Alterative. ALLONGEMENT, Elongation. ALLOPATH, Allopathist. ALLOPATHES, Allopathic. ALLOPATH'IC, Allopath'icus, Aliceopath'ic, Allceopath'icus, Allop'athes, Heteropath'ic, from aXXo;, 'another,' and iraOos, 'affection.' Relating to the ordinary method of medical practice, in contradistinction to the homoeopathic ALLOP'ATHIST, Al'lopath, same etymon One who follows allopathy. ALLOPATHY, Allopathi'a, Allceopathia Hu- penanlio'sis, ITypenantio'ma, Cura'tio contrario'- rum per contra'ria, same etymon. The opposite to homoeopathy. The ordinary medical practi™ ALLOPHASIS, Delirium. practice. ALLOTRIOCHETIA, Allochetia. ALLOTRIODON'TIA, from aXXorpioc j, ' a tooth.' Transplantation of teeth. "l ALLOTRIOECCRISIS, from aXXorp.oj, boil again, and strain through a fine cloth. Almond Cake, see Amygdala—a. of the Ear, Tonsil — a. Earth, Arachis hypogaea—a. Paste, see Amygdala—a. Powder, see Amygdala—a. of the Throat, Tonsil. ALNUS, A. glutinosa—a. Communis, A. gluti- nosa. ALNUS GLUTINO'SA, Alnus, A commu'nis, Bet'ula glutino'sa seu emargina'ta, Europe'an Al- der. A tree which grows in Europe, in moist places. The bark and leaves are astringent and bitter; and hence are employed in intermittents, and as a tonic and astringent. Alnus Serrat'ula, American Alder, has simi- lar properties. Alnus Xigra, Rhamnus frangula. ALOCHI'A, from a, privative, and Xo^tta, 'lo- chia.' Absence of the lochial discharge. ALOEDA'RIUM. A compound medicine, containing aloes.—Gorrasus. ALOE, Aloes. ALOE ROOT, Aletris farinosa. AL'OES, Al'oe, Eel Natu'rm. The inspissated juice of the Aloe. Nat. Ord. Asphodeleae. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. Aloes Barbadensis, A. hepatica—a. Bombay, A. hepatica—a. des Barbades, A. hepatica. Aloes Caballi'na, A. Guinien'sis, Horse- aloes. Used chiefly for horses. It is collected in Spain and Portugal, and is very coarse. Aloes en Calebasses, A. hepatica. Aloes, Cape, Shining Aloes; a cheap and ex- cellent form of aloes, collected at the Cape of Good Hope, from Aloe ferox, A. Africana, A. spicata, and other species. Aloes, East India, A. Succotorina—a. Guini- ensis, A. Caballina. Aloes Hepat'ica, A. vulga'ris, A. Barbaden'- eis, Hepat'ic aloes, Bombay aloes, Barba'does aloes, A. vulga'ris extrac'tum, (F.) Aloes en cale- basses, A. des Barbades. This species has a very disagreeable odour, and an intensely bitter and nauseous taste. Properties the same as the last. Aloes, Horse, A. Caballina—a. Lucida, A. Succotorina — a. Socotrine, A. Succotorina—a. Spicata extraction, A. Succotorina, Aloes Succotori'na, Soc'otrine aloes, Turkey aloes, East India aloes, Aloes lu'cida, A. Zoctori'- nia, A. spica'tm extrac'tum, An'ima Aloes, is the best species. Its odour is not unpleasant; taste very bitter, and slightly aromatic; colour red- dish-brown, with a shade of purple ; mass hard, friable; fracture con choidal and gloss}'; soluble in dilute alcohol. Powder of a bright cinnamon- yellow colour. It is cathartic, warm, and stimu- lating; emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and stoma- chic. As a cathartic, it affects the rectum chiefly. Dose, as a cathartic, gr. v. to ^j- in pill- Aloes, Turkey, A. Succotorina—a. Vulgaris, A. hepaticus. — a. Wood, Agallochum — a. Zocto- rinia, A._ Succotorina. ALOET'IC, Aloet'icus. A preparation which contains aloes. ALOEXYLON, Agallochum. ALOGOTROPH'IA, from aXoyos, 'dispropor- tionate,' and rpoipn, 'nutrition.' Irregular nutri- tion. Used particularly to designate the irregu- lar manner in which the nutrition of bones ia effected in rickety individuals. ALOPECES, Psoas. ALOPE'CIA, from aXoTrijf, ' a fox;' (this ani- mal being said to be subject to the affection.) Capillo'rum deflu'vium, Athrix depi'lis, Phalac- ro'tis, Depila'tio, Tricho'sis Athrix, Gangrm'na Alope'cia, Atrieh'ia, Deflu'vium seu Lapsus Pilo'- rum, Lipsotrich'ia, Vnlpis morbus, Baldness. Falling off of the hair; loss of the hair. When this is confined to the crown of the head, it is called calvities, although the terms are often used synonymously. Alopecia Areata, Porrigo decalvans—a. Cir- cumscripta, Porrigo decalvans—a Partialis, Por- rigo decalvans. AL 0 UCHE, Crataegus aria. ALOUCH'I. The name of a gum procured from the canella alba tree. ALOUCHIER, Crataegus aria. ' ALP AM. A shrub which grows on the coast of Malabar. Certain parts of this, infused in oil, form an antipsoric ointment. The juice of the leaves, mixed with that of calamus, is employed against the bites of serpents. ALPHENIC, Saccharum candidum. ALPHITEDON, see Fracture. ALPH'ITON, aXirov, Polen'ta, Fari'na. Any kind of meal. Toasted barley-meal.—Hippocra- tes. Polenta means also a food composed of In- dian meal, cheese, Ac. See Farina. ALPHON'SIN, Alphon'sinum. A kind of bulT let forceps, similar to a Porte-crayon, so called from the inventor, Alphonso Ferri, of Naples.— Scultetus. ALPHOS, Lepra alphoides. ALPHOSIS .ETHIOPICA, see Albino. ALPINIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum car- damomum—a. Galanga, Maranta galanga. ALPISTE, Phalaris Canadiensis. ALSANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrum. ALSI'NE ME'DIA, A. avicula'rum seu vulga'- ris, from aXaoi, ' a grove,' because growing abun- dantly in the woods. Morsus Galli'nm, Holos'- teum Ahi'ne, Stella'ria me'dia, Mouse-ear, Chick- weed, (F.) Mouron des Oiseaux, Morgoline. This plant, if boiled tender, may be eaten like spinach, and forms an excellent emollient poultice. It was formerly regarded as a vulnerary and deter- gent. ALTAFOR, Camphor. ALTER SEXUS, Sex, female. ALTERANS, Alterative. AL TERANT, Alterative. ALTERA'TION, Altera'tio, from alter, 'other, Alloio'sis, Allixo'sis. This word is used in Franca ALTERATIVE 62 ALVEOLUS to express a morbid change which supervenes in the expression of the countenance (alteration de la face,) or in the structure of an organ (altera- tion organique,) or in the nature of fluids excreted (alteration de I'urine, des larmes, du lait, &c.) Alteration is also used in an entirely different sense, to express intense thirst in disease. In this case its etymology is different. It comes from haleter, and was formerly written haliter- ation. AL'TERATIVE, Al'terans, Alloiot'icus, Allce- ot'icus. Alltof icus, Immu'tans. An agent con- sidered to be japable of producing a salutary change in a uisease, but without exciting any sensible evacuation. As medicine improves, this uncertain class of remedies becomes, of necessity, diminished in number. See Eutrophie. (F.) Alterant. The French term likewise means, that which causes thirst, — Siticulo'bub, Dipset' icus, as altirer means both to change, and to cause thirst. S'alterer is to experience a change for the worse,—corrum'pi.) ALTERCANGEXON, Hyoscyamus. ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus. ALTHJS'A, from aXSeiv, 'to heal;' A. officina'- lis, Malvavis'cum, Aristalthm'a, Hibis'cus, lbis'- chits, Ris'cha mismal'va, Bismol' va, Marsh mal- low. (F.) Guimauve. Nat. Ord. Malvaceae. Sex. Syst. Monadelphia Polyandria. The leaves, Althm'm fo'lia, and root, Althm'm radix, contain much mucilage. They are emollient and demul- cent, and are employed wherever medicines, pos- sessing such properties, are required. In the Ph. U. S., Althasa is the root of Althaea officinalis. ALTHAXAIHA, Orpiment. ALTHEUS, Physician. ALTHEXIS, Curation. ALTHOS, Medicament. ALTILIBAT, Terebinthina. ALU'DEL, Alu'tel, Vitrum sublimato'rium. A hollow sphere of stone, glass, or earthen ware, with a short neck projecting at each end, by means of which one glass might be set upon the other. The uppermost had no aperture at the top. Alu- dels were formerly used in the sublimation of various substances. A'LULA; diminutive of ala, 'a wing.' A little wing. ALUM, Symphytum—a. Cataplasm, Coa^ulum aluminosum—a. Egyptian, iEgyptia stypteria. Alum, Roche, Alu'men de Rochi, (F.) Alun de Roche. So called from Roccha in Syria, where there was a manufactory of it. It is in pieces of the size of an almond, covered with a reddish efflorescence. Common Roche Alum, A. Rochi Gallis. Frag- ments of common alum, moistened and shaken with prepared bole. It is white when broken. Alum, Solution of, Compound, Liq. aluminis compos. Alum Root, Geranium maculatum, Heuchera cortusa. ALU'MEN, (an Arabic term, alum,) Alum, Hypersnl'phas alu-'minm et Potas'sm, Potas'sm alu'mi no-sulphas, Sul'phas Aluminm Acid'ulus , Stypte'ria, Supersul'- phas ArgxVlm alcalisa'turn, Argilla Kalisulphu- rxca. (F.) Alun. £ Alumen Catinum, Potash of commerce —a lixum, see Potash —a. Kinosatum, Pulvis sul' phatis aluminas compositus. Alu'men Commu'ne, Common alum, Enqlish alum, Mock alum, Alumen facti"tium, A crystal' hnum, A. ru'peum, (F.) Alun d'Angleterre, is the rariety usually employed. It is in octahedral crystals, but generally in large, white, semitrans- parent masses; has a sweetish, styptic taste; effloresces in the air, and is soluble in 16 parts of water at 60°. It is tonic and astringent, and as such is used internally and externally. Dose, gr. v. to xv. Alu'men Exsicca'tum, Alu'men ustum, A. caU cina'tum, Sulphas alu'minm fusus, Argil'/a sul- phu'rica usta, Burnt alum, dried alum. (F.) Alun calcine", (Alum melted in an earthen vessel until ebullition ceases.) Escharotic Alu'men Roma'num, Roman alum, A. Ru'ti- lum, A. Rubrum. (F.) Alun de Rome. In crys- tals, which are of a pale red when broken, and covered with a reddish efflorescence. ALUMINA, ACETATE OF, Aluminas Acetaa — a. Depurata, Argilla pura — a. Pura, Argilla pura—a. Sulphate of, Aluminae Sulphas. ALU'MINiE ACE'TAS, Argil'lm Ace'tas,Ac"e- tate of Alu'mina. A deliquescent salt, obtained by the addition of acetate of lead to sulphate of alumina and potassa. It possesses the same pro- perties as the sulphate of alumina. Alu'min^e et Potassae Hypersulphas, Alu- men — a. et Potassae supersulphas, Alumen — a. Sulphas, Alumen. Alu'min^e Sulphas, Argillm Sulphas, Sulphate of Alu'mina. Simple sulphate of alumina may be made by the direct combination of alumina and sulphuric acid, and contains 30 per cent, of the former, to 70 per cent, of the latter. It ia a deliquescent salt; and is an excellent antisep- tic and detergent to ulcers. It is chiefly used to preserve dead bodies — a strong solution being injected into the arteries. Aluminas Sulphas Acidulus cum Potassa, Alumen—a. Sulphas fusus, Alumen exsiccatum. ALU MINE FACT ICE, Argilla pura. ALUN, Alumen. ALUNSEL, Gutta. ALUS, Symphytum. ALUSIA, Hallucination—a. Hypochondriasis Hypochondriasis. ALUTEL, Aludel. ALVAQUILLA, Psoralea glandulosa. ALVARAS NIGRA, Ichthyosis. ALVEARIUM, Auditory canal, external. ALVE'OLAR, Alveola'riB, from alveus, 'a ca- vity.' (F.) Alveolaire. That which relates to the alveoli. Alve'olar Arches, (F.) Arcades alveolaires, are formed by the margins or borders of the two jaws, which are hollowed by the. Alveoli. ^ Alve'olar Artery, Supra-maxillary A., Ar- tere sus-maxillaire of Chaussier, arises from the internal maxillary, descends behind the tuberos- ity of the upper jaw, and gives branches to the upper molar teeth, gums, periosteum, membrane ot the maxillary sinus, and buccinator muscle. Alveolar Border, Limbus alveola'ris. The part of the jaws, that is hollowed by the alveoli. Alve olar Membranes are very fine mem- branes, situate between the teeth and alveoli, and formed by a portion of the sac or follicle which enclosed the tooth before it pierced the gum By some this membrane has been called the alveolo- aental periosteum. Alve'olar Vein. This has a similar distri- bution with the artery. AL VEOLE, Alveolus. ALVEOLI DENTIS, see Alveolus. ALVEOLO-LABIAL, Buccinator. ALVE'OLUS, same etymon. Bo'trion, Rnt thrion, Odontoboth'rium, Odontophat'ne Fren ' Mortariolum, Hol'micoB, Prmsepiolum ' p/,„,J Phat'nion, Prmsepium, Patne, Pathne ' (V \ Tj' viole. The alveoli are the sockets of the t th ALVEUS Alve'oli dentis, Moe'nia seu Caver'nm den'tium, into which they are, as it were, driven. Their size and shape are determined by the teeth which they receive, and they are pierced at the apex by small holes, which give passage to the dental vessels and nerves. ALVEUS, Auge — a. Ampullosus, Receptacu- lum chyli — a. Ampullescens, Thoracic duct — a. Communis: see Semicircular canals—a. Utricu- losus : see Semicircular canals. ALVI EXCRETIO, Defecation — a. Fluxus aquosus, Diarrhoea — a. Laxitas, Diarrhoea — a. Profluvium, Diarrhoea. ALVIDUCUS, Laxative. ALVIXE, Alvi'nus, from alvus, 'the abdomen.' That which relates to the lower belly, as alvine dejections, alvine flux, alvine obstructions, Ac. ALVUM EVACUANS, Cathartic. ALVUS, Abdomen, Uterus—a. Adstricta, Con- stipation—a. Cita, Diarrhoea,—a. Dura, Constipa- tio—a. Renum, Pelvis of the kidney — a. Tarda, Constipation—a. Viridis, Dejection. ALYCE, Anxiety. AL'YPON, from a, priv., and Xv-rn, 'pain.' An acrid, purging plant, described by Matthiolus. By some it has been supposed to be the Globula'- ria ahjpum of botanists. ALYSIS, Anxiety. ALYSMUS, Anxiety. ALYSSUM PLINII, Galium Mollugo. ALYSSUS, Antihydrophobic. AL'ZILAT. In some of the Arabian writers, a weight of three grains.—Ruland and Johnson. AMABILE, Lacuna Labii Superioris. AMADOU, Boletus igniarius. AMADOUVIER, Boletus igniarius. AMAIGRISSEMENT, Emaciation. AM A NOES, see Amygdala. AMANI'TiE, from a, privative, and pavta, 'madness :' i. e. 'not poisonous.' A name given, by the Greeks and Romans, to the edible cham- pignons. Amanita forms, at the present day, a genus, some of which are edible, others poison- ous. Amongst others, it contains the Agaricus aurantiacus and A. pseudo-aurantiacus. AMARA DULCIS, Solanum dulcamara. AMARACI'XUM. An ancient and esteemed plaster, containing several aromatics, the marjo- ram, apapan, 'feeling.' Dulness of the sense of touch. AMRLYOGMOS, Amblyopia. AMIiLYO'PIA, from ap(SXvg, 'obscure,' and w\b, 'the eye.' Ambly'osmos, Amblyog'mos, Ampli- o'pia (so called by some, according to Castelli, oh ignorantiam Grmcm lingum,) Hebetu'do visus, Feebleness of sight, (F.) Vue faible. First degree of Amaurosis.—Hippocrates. Amblyopia Crepuscularis, Hemeralopia—a, Dissitorum, Myopia—a. Meridiana, Nyctalopia— a. Proximorum, Presbytia. AMBLYOSMOS, Amblyopia. AMBOLICUS, Abortive. AMBON, apjiuiv, 'the raised rim of a shield or dish,' from a///3utvw, 'I ascend.' The fibro-carti- AMBOR 6 laginous rings or bourrelets, which surround the articular cavities, as the glenoid cavity of the scapula, the acetabulum, Ac, have been so called —Galen. See Crista. AMBOR, Ambergris. AMBRA, Succinum—a. Ambrosiaca, Amber- gris—a. Cineraeea, Ambergris. AMBRAGRISEA, Ambergris. AMBRE BLANC, Succinum (album) — a. Jaune, Succinum. AMBRETTE, Hibiscus abelmosehus. AMBRO'SIA, from a, privative, and (iporos, 1 mortal.' Food which makes immortal, or the food of immortals. The food of the gods—Ho- mer. See also, Chenopodium botrys. Ambrosia Elatior, see A. Trifida. Ambro'sia Marit'ima. A plant which grows on the shores of the Levant, and has a pleasant, bitter and aromatic taste. It is given in infusion, as a tonic and antispasmodic Ambro'sia Trif'ida, Horseweed, Richweed, Horsemint, Horsecane, Bitterweed, Great Rag- weed, Wild Hemp. This indigenous plant is found in low grounds and along streams, from Canada to Georgia, and west to Louisiana and Arkansas. It is an annual, and flowers in Au- gust and September. An infusion has been re- commended locally in mercurial salivation. Ambrosia Elatior, Ragweed, is said by Dr. R. E. Griffith to have much more developed sensible properties. AMBROSIE DU MEXIQUE, Chenopodium ambrosioides. A MB FLANGE, (F.) from ambulare, ' to walk.' A military hospital attached to an army, and moving along with it. Also called Hopital am- bulant. AMBULATIO, Walking. AM'BULATORY, Am'bulans, Ambulati'vus, Am'bulative, (F.) Ambulant. A morbid affection is said to be 'ambulatory,' (F.) ambulante, when it skips from one part to another; as Erisypeles ambulant8, Ae. When blisters are applied suc- cessively on different parts of the body, they are called Vesicatoires ambulants. AMBULEIA, Cichorium intybus. AM'BULI. The Brachmanic name for an In- dian aquatic herb, which appears to belong to the family Lysimachim. The whole plant has a sweet smell. Its decoction has a very bitter taste, and is an exceUent febrifuge. It is also taken in milk in cases of vertigo. AM'BULO FLATULEN'TUS ET FURIO'- SUS, Flatus furio'sus, Vare'ni. Painful, mo- bile, and periodical tumours affecting different parts, which were once considered as the effect of very subtile vapours—Michaelis. Their na- ture is by no means clear. AMBUSTIO, Burn. AMBUTUA, Pareira brava. AMBUYA-EMBO. A very beautiful, creeping aristolochia of Brazil, the decoction of which is exhibited successfully in obstructions. It is also used in fumigation and in baths as a tonic. AME, Anima. AMELI. A Malabar shrub, belonging to a genus unknown. The decoction of its leaves is said to relieve colic. Its roots, boiled in oil, are used to repel tumours. AMELIA, Apathy. AMENIA, Amenorrhoea, Emmenagogues. AMENOMA'NIA. A hybrid word, formed from the Latin am anus, 'agreeable,' and pavia, ' mania. A gay form of insanity. AMENORRHEA, Parame'nia obstructio'nis, Venocryph'ia, Menosta.'&ia, Apophrax'is,Arrho?' a, Jiefec'tus sou Reman'sio seu Cessa'tio men'sium, AMMONIA Menstrua'tio impedi'ta, Ischome'nia,Ame'nia, froa a, privative, pnv, 'a month,' and pew, 'I flow.' Suppression of the menses, (F.) Suppression du flux menstruel. This suppression is most com- monly symptomatic, and hence the chief atten- tion must be paid to the cause. Usually, there is an atonic state of the system generally, and hence chalybeates and other tonics are advisable. Two great varieties of Amenorrhoea are com- monly reckoned. 1. A. Emansio'nis, Eman'sio men'sium, Mcnis'chesis, Menos'chesis, Menstrua'tio retenta, Men'sium reten'tio, Retention of the men- ses, when the menses do not appear at the usual age : and, 2. Suppres'sio Men'sium, Suppres'sio Menstruatio'nis, Amenorrhce'a Suppressio'nis, In- terrup'tio menstruatio'nis, Menstrua'tio suppressa, in which the catamenia are obstructed in their regular periods of recurrence. See Emansio Men- sium, and Menses. Amenorrhcea Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea—a. Emansionis, see Amenorrhoea—a. Ilymcnica, see Hymenicus — a. Partialis, Dysmenorrhoea — a, Suppressionis, see Amenorrhcea. AMENTIA, Dementia: see, also, Fatuitas, and Idiotism—a. Senilis, Dementia of the aged. AMER, Amarus. AMERICAN, see Homo. AMERICANUM TUBEROSUM, Solanum tu- berosum. AMERTUME, Bitterness. AM'ETHYST, Amethys'tus, from a, privative, and ptQvm, ' I am drunk.' A precious stone, to which the ancients attributed the property of preventing drunkenness. It was also used as an anti-diarrhosic and absorbent—Pliny, Albertus Magnus. AMETH'YSUM, Amethys'tum, (remedium,) Same etymon as the last. A remedy for drunk- enness. AMETRIA, Intemperance. Also, absence of the uterus; from a, privative, and pnrpa, ' the uterus.' AMICULUM, Amnios. AMID ON, IODURE D', Starch, Iodide of. AMIDUM, Amylum. AMIN^EA, Anime. AMIN^E'UM VINUM, Amine'an wine, highly esteemed as a stomachic. Virgil distinguishes it from the Falernian.—Pliny, Macrobius, Ac. AMMA, Truss. AMMI, Ammi majus seu cicutmfo'lium seu vulga're seu Bolberi, Am'mios muriea'ta, A'pium ammi, Bishop's weed. The seeds of this plant are aromatic and pungent. They are said to be carminative and diuretic, and are tonic and sto- machic. Ammi Bolberi, Ammi — a. des Boutiques, see Sison ammi—a. Cicutasfolium, Ammi—a. Verum, see Sison ammi—a. Vulgare, Ammi. AMMIOX, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. AMMIOS MURICATA, Ammi. AMMISMUS, Psammismus. AMMOCHO'SIA, Ammocho'sis, from appog, ' sand,' and xtu>> ' I pour.' Arena'tio. Putting the human body in hot sand, for the cure of disease. AMMO'NIA, Ammo'nia or Ammoni'acal gas, Volatile al'kali, Al'cali ammoni'acum caus'ticum, A. volat'ile caus'ticum, Ammo'nia caus'tica, A. pura, Ammoni'acum, A. caus'ticum, Gas annao- niaca'le, Mephi'tis urino'sa, (F.) Ammoniaque, Air alcalin, Gaz ammoniacal. An alcali, so called because obtained principally by decomposing sal ammoniac (muriate of ammonia) by lime. This gas is colourless, transparent, elastic, of a pun- gent, characteristic odour, and an acrid urinous taste. It turns the syrup of violets green, and >4 AMMONIAC 65 AMMONI2E ACETAS its specific gravity is 0-596. When inhaled, largely diluted with common air, it is a powerful irritant. When unmixed, it instantly induces suffocation. Ammonia, Acetate of, Solution of, Liquor ammonias acetatis—a. Arseniate of, Arseniate of ammonia—a. Benzoate of, Ammonias benzoas— a. Caustica liquida, Liquor ammonias—a. Chloro- hydrate of, Ammonias murias—a. Citrate of, Am- moniae citras—a. Hydriodate of, Ammonium, io- dide of—a. Hydrochlorate of, Ammoniae murias —a. Hydrosulphuret of, Ammoniae sulphuretum— a. Iodide of, see Iodine—a. Liniment of, strong, Linimentum ammoniae fortius—a. Liquid, Liquor Ammonias—a. Muriatica, Ammonias murias—a. Nitrata, Ammonias nitras—a. Phosphate of, Am- monias phosphas—a. Prasparata, Ammoniae car- bonas— a. Pura liquida, Liquor ammonias — a. Solution of, Liquor ammonias — a. Solution of, stronger, Liquor ammonias fortior—a. Tartrate of, Ammoniae tartras. AMMO'NIAC, GUM, Ammoni'acum, (Ph. U. S.) Gum'mi Ammoni'acum, Armoni'acum, Mato'- rium, (F.) Ammoniac, Gomme ammoniaque, so called from Ammonia in Lybia, whence it is brought. A gum-resin, the concrete juice of Dore'ma ammoni'acum, of Persia: a species of a genus allied to Ferula. It is in irregular, dry masses and tears, yellow externally, whitish with- in. Its odour is peculiar, and not ungrateful: taste nauseous, sweet, and bitter. It forms a white emulsion with water: is soluble in vinegar; partially so in alcohol, ether, and solutions of the alcalies. Gum ammoniacum is expectorant, deobstru- ent (?) antispasmodic, discutient, and resolvent. It is chiefly used, however, in the first capacity, and in the formation of certain plasters. Two varieties are met with in the market, Guttm ammoni'aci, the best; and Lapis ammoni'- aci, the more impure. AMMONIAC2E NITRAS, Ammoniae nitras— a. Sulphas, Ammoniae sulphas. AMMOXIACUM, Ammonia, Ammoniac Gum —a. Succinatum, Spiritus ammoniae foetidus—a. Volatile mite, Ammoniae carbonas. AMMONLE ACETAS, Liquor ammoniae ace- tatis—a. Arsenias, Arseniate of Ammonia. Ammo'nia Ben'zoas, Ben'zoate of Ammonia. A salt formed by the union of benzoic acid and ammonia, which has been prescribed for the re- moval of gouty depositions of urate of soda in the joints. It is regarded as a good diuretic. Ammonite Car'bonas, A. Subcar'bonas, A. Ses- quicar'bonas, Salt of bones, Sal Os'sium, Salt of wood-soot, Sal Fulig"inis, Salt of urine, Volatile Sal Ammoniac, Baker's salt, Al'cali volat'ile aera'-tum, A. volat'ile ammoniaca'le, A. volat'ile : ex sale ammoni'aco, Ammoni'acum volat'ile mite, 'Ammo'nium carbon'icum, A. subcarbo'neum, Car- bonas ammo'nim alkali'nus seu incomple'tus seu Buperammoni' acus, Hypocar'bonas ammo'nim, Flo- res salis ammoni'aci, Sal cornu cervi volat'ile, Sal volat'ilia salis ammoni'aci, Concrete volatile alkali, Carbonate or Subcarbonate of ammonia, Ammo'nia prmpara'ta, Sal volat'ile, Smelling salt, (F.) Carbonate d'ammoniaque, Sel volatil d'An- gleterre, (Ammon. muriat. Ibj; Oretm Ibiss. Sub- lime— Ph. U. S.) A white, striated, crystalline mass; odour and taste pungent and ammoniacal: soluble in two parts of water : insoluble in alco- hol : effloresces in the air. It is stimulant, ant- acid, diaphoretic, and antispasmodic. Dose, gr. v. to xv. Carbonate of ammonia is at times used to form effervescing draughts. One scruple saturates six fluidrachms of lemon-juice, twenty-six grains of crystallized tartaric acid, and twenty-six grains of crystallized citric acid. Ammonia Citras, Citrate of Ammo'nia. Made by saturating lemon or lime juice, or a solution of citric acid, with carbonate of ammonia. Dose, f^ss. It may be made extemporaneously, and taken in an effervescing state. Seventeen grains of citric acid or half a fluidounce of lemon-juice will be sufficient for thirteen grains of carbonate of ammonia. Ammonite Cupro-sulphas, Cuprum ammo- niatum. Ammonlk et Ferri Murias, Ferruni ammo- niatum—a. Ferro-citras, Ferri ammonio-citras— a. Hydriodas, Ammonium, iodide of—a. Hydro- sulphuretum, Liquor fumans Boylii—a. Hypocar- bonas, Ammoniae Carbonas. Ammo'nIjE Mu'rias, Mu'riate of Ammo'nia, Hydroehlo'rate of Ammo'nia, Chlorohydrate of Ammo'nia, Sal Ammoni'acum, Sal Ammo'niac, Sal Ammoni'acus, Ammo'nia Muriat'ica, Ammo'- nium Muria'tum, Hydrochlo'ras Ammo'nim, Sal Armoni'acum, Salmiac, Fuli'go Al'ba Philoso- pho'rum, Misadir, (F.) Muriate d'Ammoniaque. A saline concrete, formed by the combination of muriatic acid with ammonia. In Egypt it is manufactured in large quantities by subliming the soot formed by burning camel's dung — 26 pounds of the soot yielding 6 pounds. It is also prepared, in great quantities, by adding sulphuric acid to the volatile alkali obtained from soot, bones, Ac, mixing this with common salt, and subliming. Muriate of ammonia is inodorous, but has an acrid, pungent, bitterish, and urinous taste. Three parts of cold water dissolve one. Solu- ble also in 4*5 parts of alcohol. It is aperient and diuretic, but seldom used internally. Ex- ternally, it is employed, producing cold during its solution, in inflammations, Ac. Ammo'ni.*: Nitras, Nitrate of Ammonia, Al'- kali volat'ile nitra'tum, Sal ammoni'acus nitro'sus, Ammo'nia nitra'ta, Nitras ammoni'acm, Antrum flammans, (F.) Nitrate d'Ammoniaque. A salt composed of nitric acid and ammonia. It is diu- retic and deobstruent. ( ? ) Externally, it is dis- cutient and sialogogue. Ammo'nije Phosphas, Phosphate of Ammo'nia, (F.) Phosphate d'Ammoniaque. This salt has been recommended as an excitant, diaphoretic, and discutient. More recently, it has been proposed as a new remedy for gout and rheumatism, as a solvent of uric acid calculus, and for diseases, acute and chronic, connected directly with the lithio acid diathesis. Ammonia Sesquicarbonas, A. carbonas. Ammo'nia Sulphas, Suljihate of Ammo'nia, Sulphas ammoni'acm, Ammo'nium sulphu'ricum, Al'kali volat'ile vitriola'tum, Sal Ammoni'acum secre'tum Glauberi, Sal secre'tus Glauberi, Vi- triolum- ammoniaca'le, (F.) Sulphate d'Ammoni- aque. Formed by adding sulphuric acid either to sal ammoniac or to ammoniacal liquor. Its properties are like those of the muriate of am- monia. Ammo'nls Sulphure'tum, Sul'phuret of Am- mo'nia, HydrosnVphurct of Ammo'nia, Ammo- nium Sulfhydra'turn, HydrosuVphas Ammonia, Spir'itus Begui'ni, Sp. fumans Begui'ni, Sul- phure'tum. ammoni'acm, Sp. salis ammoni'aci sul phura'tus, Liquor ammo'nii hydrothi'odis, Hydro- sulphure'turn Ammo'nicnm, Hydrarg. ammoniaca'- le aquo'sum, Hydrog"eno-eulphure'tum ammoni'- acm liq'uidum, Spir'itus sul'phuris volat'ilia, He- par sulphuris volat'ile, Boyle's or Beguine's fuming spirit, (F.) Hydrosvlphate sxdfure d'Att*. AMMONIAQUE 66 AMPELOS moniaque, Liqueur fumante de BoYLE, Sulfure hydrogtni d Ammoniaque, Hydrosulfure d'Am- moniaque. Odour very fetid; taste nauseous and styptic; colour dark yellowish green. It is re- puted to be sedative, nauseating, emetic, disoxy- genizing, (?) and has been given in diabetes and diseases of increased excitement. Dose, gtt. viij. to gtt. xx. Ammo'ni.e TartrAS, Al'kali volat'ile tartari- za'tum, Sal Ammoni'acum tarta'reum, Tar'tarus ammo'nim, Tartrate of Ammo'nia, (F.) Tartrate d'Ammoniaque. A salt composed of tartaric acid and ammonia. It is diaphoretic and diuretic; but not much used. AMMONIAQUE, Ammonia—a. Arseniate d', Arseniate of ammonia—a. Hydrosulfure d', Am- monias sulphuretum—a. Hydrosulfate sulfuri d', Ammonias sulphuretum—a. Liquide, Liquor am- monias— a. Phosphate d', Ammonias phosphas— a. Sulfure hydrogene d', Ammoniae sulphuretum. AMMONII IODIDUM, Ammonium, iodide of. Ammonii Ioduretum, Ammonium, iodide of. AMMONIO-CUPRICUS SUBSULPHAS, Cu- prum ammoniatum. AMMO'NION, from appog, 'sand.' An ancient collyrium of great virtues in many diseases of the eye, and which was said to remove sand from that organ. AMMONIUM ARSENICICUM, Arseniate of ammonia—a. Carbonicum, Ammonias carbonas —a. Hydroiodicum, Ammonium, iodide of—a. Iodatum, Ammonium, iodide of. Ammo'nium, I'odide of, Iod'idum seu lodure'- tum ammonii, Ammonium Ioda'tum seu Hydro- iod'icum, Hydri'odas ammo'nim, Hydri'odate of ammo'nia. This salt is formed by saturating liquid hydriodic acid with caustic ammonia, and evaporating the solution. It is applied in the form of ointment (gj ad adipis ^j) in lepra, psoriasis, Ac. Ammonium Muriaticum Martiatum seu Mar- tiale, Ferrum ammoniatum—a. Muriatum, Am- monias murias—a. Subcarboneum, Ammonias car- bonas—a. Sulf hydratum, Ammoniae sulphuretum —a. Sulphuricum, Ammoniae sulphas. AMNA ALCALIZATA, Water, mineral, sa- line. AMXEMOSYNE, Amnesia. AMNE'SIA, Amnest'ia, Amnemos'yne, from a, privative, and pvvcig, 'memory.' Moria imbec"- ilis amne'sia, Obliv'io, Recollectio'nis jactu'ra, Dysmsthe'sia inter'na, Debil'itas memo'rim, Me- mo'ria dele'ta, (F.) Perte de MSmoire, 'loss of memory.' By some Nosologists, amnesia consti- tutes a genus of diseases. By most, it is consi- dered only as a symptom, which may occur in many diseases. AMNESTIA, Amnesia. AMNI TIS, Amnitis. AMNIOCLEP'SIS, from Amnios, and kXcvtw, 'I steal or take away clandestinely.' Premature escape of the liquor amnii, AMNIORRHCE'A, from amnios, and ptut, 'I flow.' A premature discharge of the liquor amnii. AM'NIOS, Am'nion, Am'nium, Hym'nium, Charta virgin'ea, Armatu'ra, Agni'na membra'na, Pellu'cida membra'na, Galea, Scepar'num, Indu'- erum, Amic'ulum, Membra'na foetum invol'vens. The innermost of the enveloping membranes of the foetus:—so called because first observed in the sheep, (?) apvog, 'a sheep.' It is thin, trans- parent, perspirabie, and possesses many delicate, colourless vessels, which have not been injected. It is generally considered to be produced by a fold of the external layer of the germinal mem- brane, rising up, and gradually enveloping the embryo. _ Its external surface is feebly united to the cnorion by areolar and vascular filaments. Its inner surface is polished, and is in contact with the body of the foetus and the liquor amnii. AMXIOT'IC ACID, Ac"idum am'nicum vel amniot'icum. A peculiar acid, found by Vauque- lin and Buniva in the liquor amnii of the cow. AMNI'TIS, Amnii'tis, from Amnion and ihs, inflammation. Inflammation of the Amnion. AMCENOMA'NIA, from ammnus, 'agreeable, and mania. ' A form of mania in which the hal- lucinations are of an agreeable character. AMOME FA UX, Sison amomum. AMO'MUM CARDAMO'MUM, A. repens sen racemo'sum, A. verum, Alpin'ia cardamo'mum, Caro'pi, Mato'nia Cardamo'mum, Eletta'ria Car- damo'mum, Cardamo'mum Minna, Lesser or offici- nal Car'damom, (F.) Cardamome de la Cote de Malabar, Cardamome. The seeds of this East India plant have an agreeable, aromatic odour, and a pungent, grateful taste. They are car- minative and stomachic: but are chiefly used to give warmth to other remedies. The fruit is called Amomis. Dose, gr. v. to ^j. Amomum Curcuma, Curcuma longa. Amomum Galanga, Maranta G. Amomum Granum Paradi'si, Cardamo'mum majus, Meleguet'ta, Maniguet'ta, Cardamo'mum pipera'tum, A. max'imum, (F.) Graines de Para- dis. Greater cardamom seeds resemble the last in properties. They are extremely hot, and not much used. Amomum Hirsutum, Costus — a. Montanum, see Cassumuniar—a. Pimenta : see Myrtus pi- menta—a. Repens, A. cardamomum—a. Sylves- tre, see Cassumuniar—a, Zedoaria, Kaempferia rotunda—a. Zerumbet, see Cassumuniar. Amomum Zin'giber, Zin'giber ojficina'le, Zin'- giber album, Z. nigrum, Z. commu'ne, Zin'ziber, Ginger, (F.) Gingembre. The white and black ginger, Zin'ziber fuscum et album, are the rhizoma of the same plant, Zin'giber offxcina'le, the dif- ference depending upon the mode of preparing them. The odour of ginger is aromatic; taste warm, aromatic, and acrid. It yields its virtues tc alcohol, and in a great degree to water. It il carminative, stimulant, and sialogogue. Preserved Ginger, Zingib'eria Radix Condi'ta, Radix Zingib'eris condi'ta ex Indid alla'ta, is a condiment which possesses all the virtues of ginger. Ginger-Beer Powders may be formed of white sugar, gj. and Qij. ginger, gr. v. subcarbonate of soda, gr. xxxvj in each blue paper: acid of tar- tar, _^iss in each white paper,—for half a pint of water. Oxley's Concentrated Essence of Jamaica Gin' ger is a solution of ginger in rectified spirit. AMOR, Love. AMORGE, Amurca. AMORPHUS, Anhistous, Anideus. AMOSTEUS, Osteocolla. AMOUR, Love — a. Physique, Appetite, ve- nereal, AMOUREUX (muscle.) Obliquus superior oculi. AMPAC, Amp'acus. An East India tree, the leaves of which have a strong odour, and are used in baths as detergents. A very odoriferous resin is obtained from it. AMPAR, Succinum. AMPELOCARPUS, Galium aparine AMPELOPRASUM, Allium. AMPELOP'SIS QUINQUEFO'LIA, Virgin'. ian Creeper, American Ivy, Fiveleaved Tvy Woody Climber. An indigenous climbing plant! Family, Vitaceae ; which flowers in July. It has been advised as an expectorant. AMPELOS, Vitis vinifera—a. Agria, Bryonia AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA 67 AMYGDALIN nlba—a. Idasa, Vaccinium Vitis Idasa — a. Oino- phoros, Vitis vinifera. AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA, Diplopia. AMPHARIS'TEROS, Ambila'vus, 'awkward;' from api, and aptartpos, ' the left.' Opposed to ambidexter. AMPHEMERINOS, Quotidian. AMPHEMERUS, Quotidian. AMPHI, apupi, 'both, around, on all sides.' Ilence, a prefix in many of the following terms. AMPHIAM, Opium. AMPHIARTHRO'SIS, from apft, 'both,' and ap$p(i>, ' I ascend.' The first period of a disease, or that of increase.— Galen. See Augmentation. ANABEXIS, Expectoration. ANABLEP'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and /JXettw, ' I see.' Restoration to sight. ANABOLiE'ON, Anabole'ue, from ava^aXXa), 'I cast up.' An ointment for extracting darts or other extraneous bodies. ANAB'OLE, from ava, 'upwards,' and jiaXXta, 'I cast.' Anago'ge, Anaph'ora, Anacine'ma, Anacine'sis. An evacuation upwards. An act by which certain matters are ejected by the mouth. In common acceptation it includes, ex- spuition, expectoration, regurgitation, and vomit- ing. ANABROCHIS'MUS, Anabron'chismus, from ava, 'with,' and lipoxog, 'a running knot.' An operation for removing the eye-lashes, for exam- ple, when they irritate the eye, by means of a hair knotted around them—Hippocrates, Galen, Celsus, Ac. ANABRONCHISMUS, Anabrochismus. ANABROSIS, Corrosion, Erosion. ANACAMPSEROS, Sedum telephium. ANACAR'DIUM OCCIDEXTA'LE, Acajuba occidenta'lis, Cassu'vium pomif'erum, Cashew (W. Indies.) (F.) Ac'ajou. Nat. Ord. Terebin-, thaceae. Sex. Syst. Enneandria Monogynia. The Oil of the Cashew Nut, O'leum Anacar'dii, (F.) Huile d'Acajou, is an active caustic, and used as such in the countries where it grows, especially for destroying warts, Ac. Anacardium Orientale, Avicennia tomen- tosa. ANACATHAR'SIS, from ava, 'upwards,' and icaSatpuv, ' to purge.' Purgation upwards. Ex- pectoration. See, also, Repurgatio. Anacatharsis Catarrhalis Simplex, Ca- ANACATHARTICUS, Expectorant. ANACESTOS, Incurable. ANACHREMPSIS, Exspuition. ANACHRON, Soda. ANACINEMA, Anabole, Exspuition AXACINESIS, Anabole, Exspuition. ANACLASIS, Repercussion. ANACLINTE'RIUM, Anaclin'trum, Recubi- to'rium, from avaicXivu>, 'I recline.' A long chair or seat, so formed that the person can rest in a reclining posture. ANACLINTRUM, Anaclinterium. ANACOLLE'MA, from ava, 'together, and KoXXaw, ' I glue.' A healing medicine. Anacollemata, Frontal bandages." ANACOLUPPA ANACOLUP'PA. A creeping plant of Mala- bar, the juice of which, mixed with powdered pepper, passes in India as a cure for epilepsy, and as the only remedy for the bite of the naja. It is supposed to be Zapa'n ia nodiflo'ra. ANACOL UTHIE, Incoherence. ANACOMIDE, Restauratio. ANACONCHYLIASMUS, Gargarism. ANACONCHYLISMUS, Gargarism. ANACTESIS, Restauratio. ANACTIRION, Artemisia. ANACYCLEON, Charlatan. ANACYCLUS OFFICIXARUM, see Anthe- mis Pyrethrum—a. Pyrethrum, Anthemis pyre- thrum. ANADESMUS, Fascia. ANADIPLO'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and StirXoui, 'I double.' Epanadiplo'sis, Epanalep'sis, Redu- plica'tio. The redoubling which occurs in a paroxysm of an intermittent, when its type is double.—Galen, Alexander of Tralles. ANADORA, Ecdora. ANAD'OSIS, from avaSifiapi, 'I distribute.' Purgation upwards, as by vomiting. Congestion of blood towards the upper parts of the body. Anadosis seems also to have occasionally meant chylification, whilst diadosis meant capillary nu- trition,—Hippocrates, Galen. ANAD'ROME, from ava, 'upwards,' and Sptjm), ' I run.' The transport of a humour or pain from a lower to an upper part. — Hippocr. Also, the globus hystericus. ANjEDCE'US, from av, privative, and atSoia, 'organs of generation.' A monster devoid of sexual organs. AX.EMATOPOIE'SIS, from a, av, privative, 'atpa, ' blood,' and ttoeiu, ' I make.' Impeded or obstructed hasmatosis. ANJGMATO'SIS, Anhmmato'sis, from a, av, privative, and 'atpa, 'blood.' Defective hasma- tosis or preparation of the blood. Anaemia. ANA3'MIA, Exm'mia, Anm'masis, Anhm'mia, Anhmmato'sis, Polyanhm'mia, Anmmo'sis, Oligm'- mia, Oligohm'mia, Hypm'mia, Hydrom'mia, Hy- drm'mia, Ane'mia, (F.) Anemie, Polyanhimie, Hydrohimie, Exsanguinity, Bloodlessness: from a, priv., and 'atpa, 'blood.' Privation of blood; — the opposite to plethora. It is characterized by every sign of debility. Also, diminished quan- tity of fluids in the capillary vessels :—the oppo- site to Hypermmia. — The essential character of the blood in anaemia is diminution in the ratio of red corpuscles. AN 'colour.' Devoid of colour, pale. AN.EMOSIS, Anaemia. AN^EMOT'ROPHY, Anmmotroph'ia: from av, privative, 'atpa, 'blood,' and rpovn, 'voice.' Exercise of the voice: vociferation:— the act of crying out. Vocifera'tio, Clamor. ANAPHORA, Anabole. ANAPHRODIS'IA, from a, priv., and A, i flow. Afflux of fluid towards the upper part ot the body. ANARRHOPHE, Absorption. ANARRHOPHENU'SI ; from anarrhophe, 'absorption,' and vovaos, 'disease.' Diseases of the absorbents. ANARRHOPHESIS, Absorption. ANARRHOPIA, Anarrhosa. ANAR'THRUS, from av, priv., and apSpov, 'a joint.' Without a joint. One who is so fat that his joints are scarcely perceptible—Hipp. ANASAR'CA, from ava, ' through,' and cap$, 'the flesh.' Anasarch'a, Catasar'ca, Aqua inter- cub seu inter cutem, Hyposar'ca, Hydrops cellu- la'ris totius cor'poris, H. Anasar'ca, H. inter'cus seu subcuta'neus seu cellulo'sus seu cuta'neus seu telm cellulo'sm, Katasar'ca, Episarcid'ium, Hy'- deros, Hydaton'cus, Hyderon'cus, Hydron'cus, Hydrosar'ca, Hydroder'ma, Hydrop'isis vera, Sar'cites, Polylym'phia, Hyposarcid'ius, Leuco- phlegmasia, General dropsy, Dropsy of the cel- lular membrane, (F.) Anasarque. Commonly, it begins to manifest itself by swelling around the ankles; and is characterized by tumefaction of the limbs and of the soft parts covering the ab- domen, thorax, and even the face, with paleness and dryness of the skin, and pitting when any of these (especially the ankles) are pressed upon. Like dropsy in general, Anasarca may be active or passive; and its treatment must be regulated by the rules that are applicable to general dropsy. At times, the symptoms are of an acute character, and the effusion sudden, constituting Derma- toch'ysis, Hydrops Anasar'ca acu'tus, CEde'ma cal'idum, 03. acu'tum, CE. febri'le of some. See Hydrops. Anasarca Hystericum, Anathymiasis — a. Pulmonum, Hydropneumonia, (Edema of the Lungs — a. Serosa, Phlegmatia dolens. ANASARCHA, Anasarca. ANASARQUE, Anasarca. ANASISMUS, Concussion. ANASPADIA, see Anaspadiaeus. ANASPA'DIAS, Epispadias, from ava, 'up- wards,' and aitait), ' I draw.' One whose urethra opens on the upper surface of the penis. ANASPADISIS, see Anaspadiasus. ANASPADISMUS, see Anaspadiasus. ANAS'PASIS, Anaspasm'us, from avamrau), 'I contract.' Retrac'tio. Contraction, especially of the bowels. The condition is called Anaspa'dia, Anaspad'isis, and Anaspadis'mus—Hippocrates. ANASPASMUS, Anaspasis. ANASSA, Bromelia ananas. ANASTALTICA, Styptics. ANASTASIS, Anarrhosa. Also, restoration from sickness. Convalescence. ANASTffiCHEIO'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and arotxsiov, 'element.' Reelementa'tio. Resolu- tion of a body or its parts into their elements__ Galen. ANASTOMO'SIS, from ava, 'with,' and cropa, 'a mouth.' Inoscula'tio seu Reu'nio vaso'rum Exanastomo'sis, Concur'sus, (F.) Abouchement Communication between two vessels. By consi- dering the nerves to be channels, in which a nervous fluid circulates, their communication like- wise has been called Anaatomoaia. By means of anastomoses, if the course of a fluid be arrested in one vessel, it can proceed along others. ANASTOMOTICS H ANCHUSA ANGUSTIFOLIA Anastomosis Aneurismatica, Telangiectasia —a. Jacobson's ;—see Petrosal ganglion. ANASTOMOT'ICS, Ana*to-»io*'(ca. Same ety- mon. Certain medicines were formerly so called, which were believed to be capable of opening the mouths of vessels:—as aperients, diuretics, Ac. ANASTOMOT'ICUS MAGNUS, (RAMUS,) (F.) Artere collaterale interne, A. collaterale du coude, is a branch of the brachial artery which comes off a little above the elbow, and bestows branches to the brachialis internus, to the under edge of the triceps, and to the muscles, ligaments, Ac, about the elbow joint. See, also, Articular arteries of the knee. ANA STROPHE UTERI, Inversio uteri. ANATAS1S, Extension. ANATHYMIAMA, Anathymiasis. ANATHYMI'ASIS, Anathymi'ama, from ava, ' upwards,' and Qvpa, ' fumigation.' GSde'ma fu- gax, GZde'ma spas'ticum, QSde'ma hyster'icum, Anasar'ca hyster'icum. An uncertain and tran- sient swelling or inflation, said to have been ob- served at times in nervous and hysterical per- sons. It also means Exhalation, Fumigation, and Hypochondriasis. AXATOLE UXGUIUM, see Nail. ANATOME, Anatomy — a. Animata, Physi- ology. AN ATOMIA, Anatomy—a. Animalis, Zootomy —a. Comparata, Zootomy—a. Comparativa, Zo- otomy—a. Viva, Physiology. ANATOM1E, Anatomy — a. Chirurgicale, see Anatomy—a. des Regions, see Anatomy. ANAT'OMIST, Anatom'icus. One who oc- cupies himself with anatomy. One versed in Anatomy. ANAT'OMY, Anat'ome, Anatom'ia, Prosec'tio, from ava, and rcpveiv, 'to cut,' (F.) Anatomic The word Anatomy properly signifies dissection ; but it has been appropriated to the study and knowledge of the number, shape, situation, struc- ture, and connexion,—in a word, of all the appa- rent properties of organized bodies. Anatomy is the science of organization. Some have given the term a still more extended acceptation, applying it to every mechanical decomposition, even of in- organic bodies. Thus, Crystallography has been termed the Anatomy of crystallized minerals. Anatomy has also been called Morphol'ogy, So- matology, Somatot'omy, Organol'ogy, Ac. It as- sumes different names according as the study is confined to one organized being, or to a species or class of beings. Thus, Androt'omy, or Anthropot'- omy, or Anthropog'raphy, or Anthroposomatol'ogy, is the Anatomy of man:—Zootomy, that of the other species of the animal kingdom : and Vet'erinary Anat'omy is the anatomy of domestic animals: but when the word is used abstractly, it means human Anatomy, and particularly the study of the organs in a physiological or healthy state. Physiological Anatomy is occasionally used to signify the kind of anatomy which investigates structure with a special view to function. The Anatomy of the diseased human body is called Patholog"ical or Morbid Anatomy, and when ap- plied to Medical Jurisprudence, Foren'sic Anat- omy. Several of the organs possessing a simi- larity of structure, and being formed of the same tissues, they have been grouped into Systems or Genera of Organs; and the study of, or acquaint- ance with, such systems, has been called General Anat'omy, Histology, or Morphot'omy, whilst the study of each organ in particular has been termed Descriptive Anatomy. Histology is, however, more frequently applied to the Anatomy of the Tissues, which is called, also, Tex'tural and Microscopic Anatomy. Descriptive Anatomy has been di- vided into Skeletol'ogy which comprises Osteol- ogy, and SyndesmoVogy; and into Sarcol'ogyt which is subdivided into Myology, Neurology, Angiology, Adenol'ogy, Splanchnology, andDer- mol'ogy. Sur'gical Anat'omy, Medico-Chiurgical Anatomy, Topograph'ieal Anat'omy, Re'gional Anat'omy, (F.) Anatomie Chiurgieale, A. des Re- gions, is the particular and relative study of the bones, muscles, nerves, vessels, Ac, with which it is indispensable to be acquainted before per- forming'operations. Comparative Aiat'omy ia the comparative study of each organ, with a view to an acquaintance with the modifications of its structure in different animals or in the different classes of animals. Transcendent'al or Philosoph- ical Anatomy inquires into the mode, plan, or model upon which the animal frame or organs are formed; and Artificial Anat'omy is the art of modelling and representing in wax or other substance, the different organs or different parts of the human body, in the sound or diseased state. Phytot'omy is the anatomy of vegetables, and Picto'rial Anatomy, anatomy artistically illus- trated. Anatomy, Artificial, see Anatomy—a. Com- parative, see Anatomy, Zootomy—a. Descriptive, see Anatomy—a. Forensic, see Anatomy—a. Ge- neral, see Anatomy—a. Human, see Anatomy— a. of Man, see Anatomy—a. Medico-chirurgical, see Anatomy—a. Microscopic, see Anatomy—a. Morbid, see Anatomy—a. Pathological, see Anat- omy—a. Philosophical, see Anatomy—a. Physi- ological, see Anatomy—a. Pictorial, see Anatomy —a. Practical, see Dissection—a. Regional, see Anatomy---a. Surgical, see Anatomy — a. Tex- tural, see Anatomy—a. Topographical, see Anat- omy—a. Transcendental, see Anatomy—a. Vet- erinary, see Anatomy. ANATON, Soda. ANATREPSIS, Restauratio. ANATRESIS, Perforation, Trepanning. ANATRIBE, Friction. ANATRIPSIS, Friction. AXATRIPSOL'OGY, Anatripaolog" ia, Ana- triptolog"ia, from avarptipots, ' friction,' and Xoyo;, ' a discourse.' A treatise on friction as a re- medy. ANATRIPTOLOGIA, Anatripsology. AXATRON,_Natrum, Soda. ANAT'ROPE, from ava, ' upwards,' and rptrta, ' I turn.' Subversion. A turning or subver- sion or inverted action of the stomach, charac- terized by nausea, vomiting, Ac. — Galen. We still speak of the stomach turning against any thing. ANAUDIA, Catalepsy, Mutitas. ANAXYRIS, Rumex acetosa. ANAZESIS, Ebullition. ANAZOTURIA, see Urine. ANCHA, Haunch. AXCHILOPS, .Egilops. ANCHORALIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid. ANCHUSA ANGUSTIFOLIA, A. Officinalia —a. Incarnata, A. Officinalis—a. Lycopsoides, A. Officinalis. Anchu'sa Officinalis, A. Anguatifo'lia seu Inearna'ta seu Lycopso'i'des, Alca'na, Lingua Boris, Buglos'sum sylves'tre, Offic"inal or Garden Al'kanet or Bugloss; Nat. Ord. Boragineas. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. (F.) Buglose. A native of Great Britain. The herb was for- merly esteemed as a cordial in melancholia and hypochondriasis; but it is now rarely used. It is also called Bugloa'sa, Buglos'sum angustifo'- lium majus, B. vulga're majus, B. sati'vum. Anchu'sa Tincto'ria, Alcan'na spu'ria, Dy- er's Bugloss, Ane'bium, Buglos'sum Tincto'rum, Lithosper'mum villo'aum, Dyer's Al'kanet, (F ) Orcanette. A European plant. The medical ANCHYLOSIS 72 ANEMONE DES BOIS properties are equivocal. It is used to give a beautiful red colour to ointments. ANCHYLOSIS, Ankylosis. ANCISTRON, Hamulus. ANCOLIE, Aquilegia vulgaris. ANCON, Elbow, Olecranon. ANCOXAD, see Anconal Aspect. ANCONAGRA, Pechyagra. ANCO'NAL; from ayicutv, 'the elbow.' Relat- ing, or appertaining to, the elbow or the olecranon. Anconal Aspect. An aspect towards the side on which the ancon or elbow is situated. — Bar- clay. Anco'nad is used by the same writer ad- verbially, to signify 'towards the anconal aspect.' ANOONE, Anconeus. ANCONE'US, from ayicav, 'the elbow.' A term once applied to every muscle attached to the ole- cranon. Winslow distinguished four:—the great, external, internal, and small; the first three being portions of the same muscle, the triceps brachia- iis. The last has, alone, retained the name. It is the Ancone'us minor of Winslow, the Ancone'us vel Cubita'lis Riola'ni of Douglas, the Epicon- dylo-Cubita'lis of Chaussier, the Brevis Cu'biti, (F.) AnconS, and is sitnate at the upper and back part of the fore-arm. It arises from the external condyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into the posterior edge of the upper third of the ulna. Its use is to aid in the extension of the fore-arm. Anconeus Externus, see Triceps extensor cubiti — a. Internus, see Triceps extensor cubiti — a. Major, see Triceps extensor cubiti. ANCTE'RES. Fibula or Clasps, by which the lips of wounds were formerly kept together. — Celsus, Galen. ANCTERIASMUS, Infibulation. ANCU'BITUS, Petrifac'tio. An affection of the eye, in which there is a sensation as if sand were irritating the organ. AXCUNNUEN'T^E. A name formerly given to menstruating females. ANCUS, Ankus, from ayicwv, 'the elbow.' One who cannot extend his arms completely. Also, the deformity resulting from a luxation of the humerus or fore-arm.—Hippocrates. ANCYLE, Ankylosis. ANCYLOBLEPHARON, Ankyloblepharon. ANCYLODERE, Torticollis. ANCYLODERIS, Torticollis. ANCYLODONTIA, Ankylodontia. ANCYLOGLOSSIA, Ankyloglossia, AXCYLOMELE. Ankylomele. ANCYLOMERISMUS, Ankylomerismus. ANCYLOSIS, Ankylosis. AXCYLOTOMUS, Ankylotomus. ANCYRA, Hook. ANCYROID CAVITY, Digital cavity. ANCYROIDES PROCESSUS, Coracoid. AND A. A tree of Brazil;—Anda Gome'sii, Joanne'sia princeps. Nat. Ord. Euphorbiaceas. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. An oil is obtained from the seeds by pressure, 50 to 60 drops of which act as a cathartic. The fruit is an oval nut, containing two seeds. These have the taste of the chestnut; but are strongly ca- thartic, and even emetic. The shell is astrin- gent, and is used as such in diarrhoea, Ac ANDELY, MINERAL WATERS OF. An- dely is in France, near Gysore, and eight leagues from Rouen. The water is cold, and a weak cha- lybeate. It is used in chlorosis and abdominal obstruction. ANDERSON'S PILLS, Pilulae Aloes et Ja- lapas. ANDIRA IBAI, Geoffrasa Vermifuga—a. In- ermis, Geoffraea inermis—a. Racemosa, Geoffrasa inermis—a. Surinamensis, Geoffrasa Surinamensis. ANDRACHAHARA, Sempervivum tectorum. ANDRACnXE, Arbutus unedo, Portulaca. ANDRANATOM'IA, Andranat'ome, Anaro- tom'ia, Androt'ome, Anthropot'omy, from a^p, genitive avopos, ' a man,' and rtpvuv, to cut. J.ne anatomy of man. ANDRI'A. Adult age. Manhood. Andri'a Mu'lier, Mulier Hermaphrodit ica. A female hermaphrodite. ANDROGEN'IA, from avvp, 'man, and ysvtcis, 'generation.' The procreation of males. — Hip- pocrates. , , ANDROG"YNUS, from avvp, 'a man, and ywn, ' a woman.' A hermaphrodite. An effe- minate person. — Hippocrates. ANDROLEPSIA, Conception. ANDROMANIA, Nymphomania. ANDROM'EDA ARBO'REA, Sorrel Tree, Sour Tree, Sour Wood, Elk Tree, Elk Wood, Sorrel Wood, Sour Leaf (F.) Andromedier. A small indigenous tree; Nat. Ord. Ericeas, Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia; found in the Alle- ghany Mountains and the hills and valleys di- verging from them, as far as the southern limits of Georgia and Alabama; but seldom north of Virginia. The leaves are refrigerant and astrin- gent, and have been used to make a kind of le- monade, which has been given in fevers. Androm'eda Maria'na, Broad-leaved Moor- wort. A decoction of this American plant is said to have been successfully employed as a wash, in a disagreeable affection,—not uncommon amongst the slaves in the southern parts of the United States,—called the Toe Itch, and Ground Itch. — Barton. ANDROPOGON BICORNIS, Juncus odoratus —a. Citratus, Juncus odoratus—a. Citriodorus, Juncus odoratus, Nardus Indica—a. Nardns, Ca- lamus Alexandrinus, Nardus Indica — a. Schoe- nanthus, Juncus odoratus. ANDROSACE, Umbilicus marinus — a. Mat- thioli, Umbilicus marinus. ANDROS.EMUM, Hypericum perforatum. ANDROTOMY, Andranatomia. ANDRUM. An East India word, latinized by Kasmpfer, signifying a kind of elephantiasis of the scrotum, endemic in southern Asia. ANEANT1SSEMENT (F.), Vir'ium extinc'- tio. This word is often employed hyperbolically, by patients in France, to signify excessive fatigue, debility or syncope. ANEBIUM, Anchusa tinctoria. ANEBUS, Impuber. ANECPYE'TUS, from av, for avtv, 'without,' and jtueu), ' I promote suppuration.' That which does not suppurate, or is not likely to suppurate. ANEGER'TICA, from aveyupw, 'I awaken.' The art of resuscitating the apparently dead. ANEILE'MA, Aneile'sis, from avciXeaOai,. 'to be rolled upwards.' Applied particularly to the motion of air in the intestines and the tormina accompanying it. — Hippocrates. ANEILESIS, Aneilema. ANEMIA, Anaemia. ANEMO'NE. The Wind Flower: from avtpos, 'the wind,' because it does not open its flowers until blown upon by the wind. ANEMONE DES BOIS, Anemone nemo- rosa. Anemone Collina, A. Pulsatilla—a. Hepatica. Hepatica triloba—a. Intermedia, A. Pulsatilla Anemo'ne Nemoro'sa, Ranun'culus albus seu nemoro'sus, Wood anem'ony, (F.) Anfmone dea bois. The herb and flowers are poisonous acrid and corrosive. They have been used as rube- facients. Anemo'ne Praten'sis, A. Sylves'tris, PnlaotiV I la ni'gricana seu praten'sis. This plant has *" ANEMONY 73 ANEURISM milar properties with the last. It is also called Meadow Anemony, (F.) Pulsatille noire, P. des pres. Anemo'ne Pulsatill'la, A. Colli'na seu In- terme'dia seu Praten'sis seu Rubra, Pulsatilla vulga'ris, Herba ventis, Nola culina'riu, Pasque flower, (F.) Goquelourde, possesses like proper- ties. Anemone Rubra, A. Pratensis—a. Rue-leaved, Thalietrum anemonoides—a. Sylvestris, A. Pra- tensis. ANEMONY, Anemone hepatica — a. Meadow, Anemone pratensis—a.Wood, Anemone nemorosa. AXEMOS, Wind. ANENCEPHALIA, see Anencephalus. AN EN CEP HAL 0 TR OP HIE, from av, priva- tive; syicapaXog, 'the encephalon,' and rpoipn, 'nou- rishment.' Atrophy of the encephalon. ANENCEPH'ALUS, from a, privative, and tyKctpaXog, ' brain.' A monster devoid of brain. — Bonetus. G. St. Hilaire. Also one that has a part only of the brain; — Paraceph'alus. The condition has been called Anencephal'ia. A weak, silly person. — Hippocrates. ANENERGESIA, Debility. AXEXERGIA, Debility. AXENTEROXERVIA, Colic AXEPISCHESIS, Incontinentia. ANEPITHYM'IA, from a, priv., and ciriSvpia, 'desire.' Many nosologists have used this word for a loss of the appetites, as of those of hunger, thirst, venery, Ac. Anepithymia Chlorosis, Chlorosis. AXER. avnp, genitive av&pog. A man. AXERETHIS'IA, Inirritabilitas,irom a,priv., and tptQicig, ' irritability.' Defect of irritability. ■—Swediaur. AXERYTHROP'SIA, from av, priv., cpvSpos, 'red,' and onaig, 'vision.' Defective vision, which consists in an incapability of distinguishing red. ANESIS, Remission. ANESTHESIE, Anaesthesia. ANESTHESIE EXT A TIQ UE. The aggre- gate of phenomena of impaired feeling produced especially by the manipulations of the animal magnetizer.—Andral. ANESTHETIC, Anaesthetic. ANESTHESIQUE, Anaesthetic. ANESTHETIZATION, Anassthetization. AXESON, Anethum. AXESUM, Pimpinella anisum. ANET, Anethum. ANETH, Anethum graveolens. ANE'THUM, Ane'son, Ane'ton, Ane'thum Fce- nic'ulum seu Sege'tum seu Piperi'tum, Fcenic'ulum, F. Officinale, F. vulga're, F. Dulce, Ligus'ticum fcenic'ulum, Fan'culum, Fennel or Finckle, Mar'- athrum, Anet, Sweet Fennel, (F.) Fenouil ou Anis doux. Nat. Ord. Umbelliferas. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The seeds Fcenic'ulum, (Ph. U. S.) have an aromatic odour, and warm, sweetish taste. They are carminative. The oil — Oleum Fcenic'uli — is officinal in the Ph.U. S. The root is said to be pectoi-al and diuretic. Anethum Fcrniculum, Anethum. Ane'thum Graveolens, Anethum, Pastina'ca Anethum seu Graveolens, Fer'ula Graveolens, A. horten'se, Dill, (F.) Aneth, Fenouilpuant. A na- tive of the south of Europe. The seeds are sti- mulant and carminative. Dose, gr. xv to ^j. Oleum Ane'thi, Oil of Dill, (F.) Huile d' Aneth, possesses the carminative properties of the plant. Anethum PaStinaca, Pastinaca Sativa — a. Piperitum, Anethum—a. Segetum, Anethum. ANETICUS, Anodyne. ANETON, Anethum. ANETUS, Intermittent fever — a. Quartanus, Quartan—a. Quotidianus, Quotidian—a. Tertiar- nus, Tertian fever. ANEURAL'GICON, from a, privative, vevpov, 'nerve ;' and aXyog, 'pain.' A name given by Dr. C. T. Downing to an instrument used by him to allay pain in nerves. It is a kind of fumigating apparatus, in which dried narcotic and other herbs are burnt, the heated vapour being directed to any part of the body. AN'EURISM, Aneurys'ma, Aneurys'mus, Aneu- ris'ma, Cedma, from avevpwetv, ' to dilate or dis- tend.' Dilata'tio Arteria'rum, Ecta'sia, Embo- rys'ma, Exangi'a aneuris'ma, A rterieurys'ma, Ar- tereurys'ma, Hmmatoce'le arterio'sa, Absces'sifS spirituo'sus, Arteriec'tasis, (F.) AnSvrysme, Aneu- risme. Properly, Aneurism signifies a tumour, produced by the dilatation of an artery; but it has been extended to various lesions of arteries, as well as to dilatations of the heart. There are various kinds of aneurism. The fol- lowing are the chief. I. When the blood, which forms the tumour, is enclosed within the dilated coats of the artery. This is the true Aneurism, Aneurys'ma verum, Hernia Arteria'rum, (F.) Anivrysme vrai. II. When the blood has escaped from the opened «,rtery, it is called spurious or false Aneurism, Aneuris'ma spu'rium, Ruptu'ra Arte''- rim, Arteriorrhex'is, Arteriodialysis, Ecchymo'- ma arterio'sum, (F.) Anevrysme faux. The latter is divided into three varieties. 1. Diffused False Aneurism, (F.) AnSvrysme faux, primitif, diffus, noncirconscrit ou par infil- tration, which occurs immediately after the divi- sion or rupture of an artery, and consists of an extravasation of blood into the areolar texture of the part. 2. Circumscribed False Aneurism, (F.) Anev- rysme, faux consecutif, circonscrit ou par 6panche- ment, enkystS ou sacciforme, tumeur hemorrhagiale circonscrite, in which the blood issues from the vessel some time after the receipt of the wound, and forms itself a sac in the neighbouring areolar membrane. 3. An'eurism by Anastomo'sis, or Var'icose An' eurism, Phlebarteriodial'ysis, Aneurys'ma veno'- so-arterio'sum, A. varico'sum, (F.) AnSvrysme par anastomose ou variqueux, A. par irosion, A. de Pott, A. des plus petites arteres, which arises from the simultaneous wounding of an artery and vein;—the arterial blood passing into the vein, and producing a varicose state of it. III. Mixed Aneurism, (F.) Anevrysme mixte, is that which arises from the dilatation of one or two of the coats, with division or rupture of the other. Some authors have made two varieties of this. 1. Mixed external Aneurism, where the internal and middle coats are ruptured, and the areolar is dilated. 2. Mixed internal Aneurism, in which the in- ternal coat is dilated, and protrudes, like a hernial sac, through the ruptured middle and outer coats. This variety has been called Aneurys'ma Her'- niam Arte'rim eiatena. Aneurisms have been likewise termed trau- mat'ic and aponta'neoua, according as they may have been caused by a wound, or have originated spontaneously. They have also been divided into internal and external. The internal aneuriama are situate in the great splanchnic cavities, and occur in the heart and great vessels of the chest, abdomen, Ac. Their diagnosis is difficult, and they are often inacces- sible to surgical treatment. The external aneurisms are situate at the exte- ANEURISMA 74 ANGEIORRH(EA rior of the head, neck, and limbs, and are dis- tinctly pulsatory. Aneurisms, especially the internal, may be combated by a debilitant treatment, on the plan of Valsalva, which consists in repeated blood- letting, with food enough merely to support life. In external aneurism, the artery can be oblite- rated. This is usually done by applying a liga- ture above the aneurismal tumour. Aneurism, Dissecting, is one in which, owing to rupture of the inner and middle coats of an artery, the blood makes itself a channel between these coats and the outer coat. In many cases, the lesion appears to consist in a separation of the laminae of the middle coat, between which the blood forms itself a channel. Aneurisms of the Heart, Cardion'chi, Car- dieurys'ma, (F.) Anevrysmes du cceur, have been divided into active and passive. The former can scarcely be esteemed aneurisms, as they most commonly consist of increased thickness of the parietes of the heart, which diminishes its cavity instead of increasing it. The term Hypertrophy of the heart, better indicates their character. Passive uneurism, Cardiec'tasis, on the contrary, is attended with extenuation of the parietes of the organ, and enlargement of the cavities. The physical signs of dilatation of the heart are the following :—The action of the heart is not visible, and no impulse is conveyed to the hand. On percussions there is a loss of resonance over a larger surface than usual, but the dulness is much less intense than that which accompanies hyper- trophy. On auscultation, the action of the heart is only slightly felt, and communicates at once the impression of its diminished power. The impulse is feebler than usual. Both sounds are widely transmitted over the thorax, and are not much fainter at a distance from their point of origin. Partial or true aneurism of the heart—Cardi- ec'tasis partia'lis, Aneurys'ma consecuti'vum cor- dis, is sometimes seen,—rarely, however. The name Aneurism of the Valves of the heart has been given to pouch-like projections of the valves into the auricles. Aneurism by Anastomosis, see Aneurism — a. Brasdor's operation for, see Brasdor—a. Ex- ternal, see Aneurism—a. False, see Aneurism— a. False, circumscribed, see Aneurism — a. False, diffused, see Aneurism—a. Internal, see Aneurism —a. Mixed, see Aneurism—a. Mixed, external, see Aneurism—a. Mixed, internal, see Aneurism—a. Spontaneous, see Aneurism—a. Spurious, see Aneurism—a. Traumatic, see Aneurism—a. True, see Aneurism—a. Valsalva's method of treating, see Aneurism—a. Varicose, see Aneurism. ANEURISMA, Aneurism. ANEURIS'MAL, Aneurys'mal, Aneurismalic, Aneurysmalicus, Aneurisma'lis. That which be- longs to Aneurism. Aneurismal Sac or Cyst, (F.) Sac ou Kyste anevrysmal, is a sort of pouch, formed by the dilatation of the coats of an artery, in which the blood, forming the aneurismal tumour, is con- tained. ANEURISMATIC, Aneurismal. ANEURYSM, Aneurism. ANEURYSMA, Aneurism—a. Cordis activum, Heart, hypertrophy of the—a. Herniam arterias sistens, see Aneurism—a. Spurium, see Aneurism —». Varicosum, see Aneurism—a. Venoso-arte- riosum, see Aneurism—a. Verum, see Aneurism. ANEUR YSME, Aneurism. ANEURYSMUS, Aneurism, Dilatation. ANEVRYSME, Aneurism —a. de I'Aorte, Aorteurysma—a. Circonscrit, see Aneurism — a. dePott, see Aneurism—a. dea Plus petitea artlres, see Aneurism—a. Diffus, see Aneurism—a. En- kyste, see Aneurism —a. Faux, see Aneurism — a. Faux consecutif, see Aneurism —a. Mix*e, see Aneurism—a. par Anastomose, see Aneurism a. par Epanchement, see Aneurism—a. par Erosion, see Aneurism —a. par Infiltration, see Aneurism a. Prim it if, see Aneurism —a. Sacciforme, see Aneurism—a. Variqueux, see Aneurism—a. Irai, see Aneurism. ANFION, Maslach. ANFRACTUOSITES CEREBRALES, An- fractuosities, cerebral—a. Ethmoidales, see An- fractuosity. ANFRACTUOS'ITY, Anfrac'tus, Gyms, from am, 'around,' and frangere, fractum, 'to break.' A groove or furrow. Used in anatomy to signify sinuous depressions or sulci, of greater or less depth, like those which separate the convolutions of the brain from each other. These Anfractuosities, Cerebral, Anfrac'tus Cer'- ebri, Gyri Cer'ebri, Intestin'ula Cer'ebri, (F.) Anfractuosites Cerebrates, are always narrow, and deeper at the upper surface of the brain than at its base; and are lined by a prolongation of the pia mater. The Ethmoid Cells are, sometimes, called An- fractuosites ethmoidales. ANFRACTUS, Anfractuosity—a. Cerebri, An- fractuosities (cerebral.) ANGECTASIA, Angiectasis. ANGEIAL, Vascular. ANGEIECTASIA, Angiectasis. ANGEIECTASIS, Angiectasis. ANGEIECTOMA, Angiectasis. ANGEIOG'RAPHY, Angiography, Angeio- graph'ia, from ayyeiov, 'a vessel,' and ypaQn, 'a description.' The anatomy of the vessels. ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY, Angiohydrog'- raphy, Angeiondrog'raphy, Angeiohydrdgra'phia, Hydrangiograph'ia, from ayyeiov,' a vessel,' 'viwp, ' water,' and ypa$u>, ' I describe.' A treatise on the lymphatics. ANGEIOHYDROT'OMY, Angiohydrot'omy, Angeiondrot'omy, Angeiohydrotom'ia, Hydran- giotom'ia, from ayyeiov, 'a vessel,' 'v&vp, 'water,' and rcpuv,' to cut.' Dissection of the lymphatics. ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS, Angioleuci'tia, Lym- phangei'tia, Lymphongi'tia, Lymphangioi'tia, Hy- drangei'tis, Lymphi'tis, Lymphati'tis, Inflamma'- tio vaso'rum lymphatico'rum, from ayyeiov, 'a vessel,' XiVKog, ' white,' and itia, inflammation. (F.) Inflammation des vaisseaux lymphatiques ou des tissus blancs. Inflammation of the lympha- tics : lymphatic or scrofulous inflammation. ANGEIOL'OGY, Angiol'ogy, Angeiolog" ia, from ayyeiov, 'a vessel,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' A discourse on the vessels. The anatomy of the vessels. It includes Arteriol'ogy, Phlebology, and Angeiohydrology. ANGEIOMALA'CIA, Angiomala'cia; from ayyeiov, ' a vessel,' and paXatcta, 'softening.' Mol- lescence or softening of vessels. ANGEIOMYCES, Hasmatodes fungus. ANGEION, Vessel. ANGEIONDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydrogra- pby- ANGEIONDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy. ANGEIONOSUS, Angeiopathia. ANGEIONUSUS, Angeiopathia. ANGEIOPATHI'A, Angiopathi'a, Angeion'- obus, Angeionu'bus, Angio'sis, from ayytiov, 'a vessel,' and naBog, ' a disease.' Disease of the vessels. ANGEIOPLEROSIS, Plethora. ANGEIOPYRA, Synocha. ANGEIORRHAGIA, Hasmorrhagia activa, ANGEIORRHCE'A, (F.) Angeiorrhle: from ANGEIOSIS 75 ANGINA •yyciov, 'a vessel,' and hemorrhage. pew, ' I flow.' Passive ANGEIOSIS, Angiosis. ANGEIOSTEGNOSIS, Angiemphraxis. ANGEIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis. ANGEIOSTEO'SIS, Angioato'aia, from ayyeiov, a vessel,' and oanutaig, ' ossification.' Ossifica- tion of vessels. ANGEIOSTROPHE, see Torsion. ANGEIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia. AXGEIOT'OMY, Angiot'omy, Angeiotom'ia, from ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and repvtiv, 'to cut.' Dissection of vessels. ^ ANGEI'TIS, Angii'tis, Angioi'tis, Infiamma'- tio vaso'rum, (F.) Angeite. Inflammation of ves- sels in general. ANGELIC ROOT, Angelica lucida. ANGEL'ICA, Angelica Archangel'ica seu Hispa'na seu Sati'va, Archangel ica officina'lis, Garden Angelica, (F.) Angelique, Racine de Saint Esprit. So called from its supposed angelic vir- tues. Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pen- tandria Digynia. Native of Lapland. The roots, stalk, leaves, and seed, are aromatic and carmi- native. A sweetmeat is made of the root, which is agreeable. Angelica Archangelica, Angelica. Angel'ica Atropurpu'rea, Angelica (Ph. U. S.) Masterwort. An indigenous species, grow- ing over the whole United States, and admitted into the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. Virtues, same as those of the Angelica of Europe. Angelica Levisticum, Ligusticum levisticum. Angelica Lu'cida, Angelic root, Bellyache root, Nendo, White root, an indigenous plant, the root of which is bitterish, subacrid, fragrant, aromatic, stomachic, and tonic. Angelica Officinalis, Imperatoria—a. Palu- flapifolia, Ligusticum levisticum—a. Sativa, An- gelica, A. sylvestris. Angel'ica Sylves'tris, A. sati'va, Seli'num Sylves'tre seu Angel'ica seu Pubes'cens, Impera- to'ria Sylves'tres seu Angelica, Wild Angel'ica, (F.) Angelique sauvage. Possesses similar pro- perties to the last, but in an inferior degree. The seeds, powdered and put into the hair, are used to destroy lice. Angelica Sylvestris, Ligusticum podagraria —a. Tree, Aralia spinosa. ANGELPN.E CORTEX. The bark of a Grenada tree, which has been recommended as anthelmintic and cathartic. ANGELIQUE, Angelica—a. Sauvage, Angel- ica sylvestris. ANGELOCACOS, Myrobalanus. ANGEMPHRAXIS, Angiemphraxis. ANGIDIECTASIA, Trichangiectasia. ANGIDIOSPONGUS, Hasmatodes fungus. ANGIECTASIA VENOSA, Varix ANGIECTASIS, Angeiecta'sia, Angecta'sia, Angieurys'ma, Angeiecto'ma, from ayyeiov, 'a vessel,' and acraaig, ' dilatation.' Any dilatation of vessels.—Gr'afe and Alibert. Telangiectasia. ANGIEMPHRAX'IS, Angemphrax'is, Angei- osteno'sis, Angeiostegno'sis, from ayyeiov, 'a ves- sel,' and eu>p, 'water,' and 'aipa, 'blood.' A con- dition of the blood in which there is a diminution in the quantity of the serum. ANICE'TON, Anice'tum, Mesia'mum, from a, privative, and vi 106 Anas strepera, gadnall,.............. Pelecanus carbo,..................... Falco ossiTragus, sea-eagle,........... Fulica atra. coot,........................\. 105 Anas acuta, pintail-duck.................) Falco milvus, kite, (wounded,)............) .„. Merops apiaster, bee-eater,...............j Goose,.............................. Hen,................................ Dove................................ Duck,............................... Ardea stellaris,..................... Falco albicollis,..................... Picus major,........................ Cossus ligiiiperda,........................". 89 to 91 Shark,.................................... 83 Torpedo marmorata,....................... 74 Animal Kingdom, (F.) Regne Animal, com- prises all animated beings. Animal Layer, see Tache embryonnaire. Animal Magnetism, see Magnetism, animal. ANIMALCULA SEMINALIA, Spermatozoa —a. Spermatica, Spermatozoa. AXIMAL'CULE, Animalculum; diminutive of animal. A small animal. An animal well seen only by means of the microscope. AXIMALCULES, SEMINAL, Spermatozoa— a. Spermatic, Spermatozoa. ANIMAL'CULIST, An'imalist. One who at- tempts to explain different physiological or pa- thological phenomena by means of animalcules. ANFMALCULUM, Animalcule. ANIMALIST, Animalculist. ANIMAL'ITY, Animal'itaa. Qualities which distinguish that which is animated. That which constitutes the animal. ANIMALIZA'TION, Animaliaa'tio. The transformation of the nutritive parts of food into the living substance of the body to be nourished. To AN'IMATE, Anima're. To unite the living principle with an organized body. The French use it in the sense of,—to excite or render active; as, animer un visicatoire: to excite a blister to suppurate. ANIMATIO FffiTUS, see Quickening. ANIMA'TION, Zoo'sia, Anima'tio, from anima, 'the soul or mind.' The act of animating. The state of being enlivened. Animation, Suspended, Asphyxia. AN'IME, Gum an'ime, Aminm'a, Can'camy, Gummi an'ime, Can'camum. A resin obtained from the trunk of Hymen'ma cour'baril. It has been given as a cephalic and uterine. It is not used. Thejilant is also called Cour'baril. ANIME, (F.) An epithet applied to the countenance, when florid, in health or disease AXIMELLJE, Parotid. ANIMI CASUS SUBITUS, Syncope-a. De- liqumm, Syncope—a. Pathemata, Passions. AN'IMIST, from anima, 'the soul.' One who, following the example of Stahl, refers all the phenomena of the animal economy to the soul The soul, according to Stahl, is the immediate and intelligent agent of every movement, and of every material change in the body. Stahl there- fore concluded, that disease is nothing more than a disturbance or disorder in the government of the economy, or an effort by which the soul attentive to every morbific cause, endeavours to expel whatever may be deranging the habitual order of health. See Stahlianism. ANIMUS, Anima, Breath. ANIS, Pimpinella anisum—a. Aigre, Cuminum Cyminum—a. de la Chine, Illicium anisatum-a J'Thii?™-/- Et°9' riicium a™atum. ANISA'TUM, from Aniaum, 'Anise.' A sort ANKYLOSIS of medicated wine, formerly prepared with honey, wine of Ascalon, and aniseed. ANISCALPTOR, Latissimus dorsi. AXISCHURIA, Enuresis. ANISE, Pimpinella anisum—a. Star, Illicium anisatum, I. Floridanum—a. Tree, Florida, Illi- cium Floridanum—a. Tree, yellow-flowered, Illi- cium anisatum. ANISEED, see Pimpinella anisum. ANISI SEMINA, see Pimpinella anisum. ANISO'DUS LU'RIDUS, Nican'dra anom'- ala, Phy'salis stramo'nium, Whitle'ya stramo'ni- folia A plant of Nepal, possessed of narcotic properties, and resembling belladonna and to- bacco. It dilates the pupil, and is used in dis- eases of the eye like belladonna. It is given in alcoholic tincture (dried leaves ^j. to alcohol f^viij). Dose, 20 drops internally in the 24 hours. ANISOPHYLLUM IPECACUANHA, Eu- phorbia Ipecacuanha.' ANISOS'THENES, Inmqua'li rob'ore pollens. That which is unequal in strength : from a, priv., lo-of, 'equal,' and o&tvog, 'strength.' An epithet applied particularly to the muscular contractility which, in the sick, is sometimes augmented in certain muscles only,—in the flexors, for example. AXISOT'ACHYS, from a, priv., «roS, 'equal,' and raxvg, 'quick.' An epithet for the pulse, when quick and unequal—Gorrasus. ANISUM, Pimpinella anisum—a. Africanum frutescens, Bubon Galbanum—a. Frutieosum gal- baniferum, Bubon galbanum—a. Officinale, Pim- pinella anisum—a. Sinense, Illicium anisatum — a. Stellatum, Illicium anisatum — a. Vulgare, Pimpinella anisum. ANKLE, Astragalus, Malleolus. ANKUS, Ancus. A N K Y LOBLEPH'ARON, Ancylobleph'aron, Palpebrarum coal'itus, from ayxvXn, 'contrac- tion,' and (IXerpapov, 'eyelid.' A preternatural union between the free edges of the eyelids. Likewise called Symbleph'aron, Symblepharo'sis, and Pros'physis. Also, union between the eyelids and globe of the eye.—Aetius. ANKYLODOX'TIA, from ayKv\og, 'crooked,' and oiovg, 'a tooth.' An irregular position of the teeth in the jaws. ANKYLOGLOS'SIA, Ancyloglos'aia, Ooncre'- tio lingum, from ayicvXog, ' crooked,' or ' con- tracted,' and yXiaaoa, 'the tongue.' Impeded mo- tion of the tongue in consequence of adhesion between its margins and the gums; or in conse- quence of the shortness of the frasnum : the latter affection constituting Tongue-tie, Olopho'nia lin'- gumfrmna'ta. It merely requires the frasnum to be divided with a pair of scissors. ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM, from ankyloglos- ata, 'tongue-tie,'and ropn, 'incision.' An instru- ment used in the operation for tongue-tie. ANKYLOME'LE, Ancylome'le, from aycxXog, crooked,' and pr,M, 'a probe.' A curved probe. —Galen. AXKYLOMERIS'MUS, Ancylomeris'mus, from ayxvXn, ' a contraction, and pepog, ' a part' Morbid adhesion between parts. ANKYLOPS, JEgilops. ANKYLO'SIS, Ancylo'ais, Anchylo'sis, An'- cyle, Stiff Joint, from aynvXog, -crooked.' An affection, in which there is great difficulty or even impossibility of moving a diarthrodial arti- culation. It is so called, because the limb com- monly remains in a constant state of flexion. Anchylosis is said to be complete or true, when there is an intimate adhesion between the syno- vial surfaces, with union of the articular extremi- ties of the bones. In the incomplete or false an- chylosis, there is obscure motion, but the fibrous ANKLOTOMUS 79 ANOMALIA parts around the joint are more or less stiff and thickened. In the treatment of this last state, the joint must be gently and gradually exercised; and oily, relaxing applications be assiduously em- ployed. Ankylosis Spuria, Rigiditas articulorum. ANKYLOT'OMUS, Ancylolomus, from ayKvXog, crooked,' and rtpvtiv, 'to cut.' Any kind of curved knife.—Paulus. An instrument for di- viding the frasnum linguae.—Scultetus. ANNEAU, Ring—a. Crural, Crural canal—a. Diaphragmatique, Diaphragmatic ring—a. Femo- ral, Crural canal—a. Inguinal, Inguinal ring—a. Ombilical, Umbilical ring. ANNEXE, Accessory, Appendix. ANNI CRITICI, Climacterici (anni)—a. De- cretorii, Climacterici (anni)—a. Fatales, Climac- terici (anni)—a. Genethliaci, Climacterici (anni) a. Gradarii, Climacterici (anni)—a. Hebdomadici, Climacterici (anni) — a. Heroici, Climacterici (anni)—a. Natalitii, Climacterici (anni)—a. Sca- lares, Climacterici (anni)—a. Scansiles, Climacte- rici (anni). AXNOTA'TIO, Episma'sia. Under this term some have included the preludes to an attack of intermittent fever—as yawning, stretching, som- nolency, chilliness, , ' above,' and %£tXoj, ' lip.' The upper lip. Also, one who has a large upper lip. ANOCffiLIA, Stomach. ANO'DIA, from av, priv., and won, 'song.' An unconnected or dissonant mode of speech. ANOD'IC, Anod'icua, from avio, 'above, up,' and 'oiog, ' a way.' Tending upwards. An epi- thet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to an ascend- ing course of nervous action. A NO DIN, Anodyne. AXODIX'IA, from a, av, privative, and io&ix, ' a labour pain.' Absence of labour pains. AXODMIA, Anosmia. AXODUS, Edentulus. AN'ODYNE, Anod'ynus, Antod'ynus, Antid'- ynous (improperly,) Paregor'icus, Anet'icus, Ant- algicus, Acesod'ynes, (F.) Anodin ou Anodyn, from a, av, privative, and oSvvn, ' pain.' Anodynes are those medicines which relieve pain, or cause it to cease; as opium, belladonna, , 'the eye.' A case of monstrosity in which the eye and orbit are wanting. ANOPTICONERVIE, Amaurosis. ANOR'CHIDES, from av, priv., and opxis, 'a testicle.' They who are without testicles.—For- tunatus Fidelis. ANOREX'IA, from av, priv., and opel-ig, 'ap- petite. Inappeten'tia, Limo'sis expers, (F.) Perte d'appetit. Absence of appetite, without loathing. Anorexia or want of appetite is symptomatic of most diseases. Also, Indigestion, Dyspepsia. Anorexia Exhausto'rum, Frigidity of the Stomach—a. Mirabilis, Fasting. ANORGANIC, see Anhistous, and Inorganic. ANORMAL, Abnormous. ANOS'IA, from a, priv., and voaog, 'disease.' Health. Freedom from disease. A N 0 S' M I A, from a, privative, and oapn, odour.' Loss of smell. Diminution of the sense of smell. Called, also, Anosphre'sia, Anosphra'- aia, Anophre'aia, Paros'mia, Anod'mia, Anosmo'- sia, Olfactua amis'sio, 0. defic'Hens, Dyamathe'aia olfacto'ria, Anmsthe'sia olfacto'ria, Odora'tus de- per'diins, (F.) Perte de I'Odorat. ANOSMOSIA, Anosmia. ANOSPHRASIA, Anosmi*. ANOSPHRESIA, Anosmia. j£SE (F.,) Ansa (Lv) signmes, properly, the naffWe of certain vessels, usually of an arched form. By analogy, it has been applied to that which is curved in the form of such handle. Thus, the French speak of Anse intestinale to iignify a portion of intestine, supported by its mesentery, and describing a curved line:—ahlw, of Anse ncrveuse, Anse anastomotique, &c. Anse de fil is used, in Surgery, to designate a thread, curved in the form of an Anse. ANSER1XA, Potentilla anserina. ANSERINE, Chenopodium ambrosioides—a. Anthelmintique, Chenopodium anthelminticum— a. Bon Henri, Chenopodium Bonus Henricus—a. Botrys, Chenopodium Botrys—a. Fctide, Cheno- podium vulvaria — a. Vermifuge, Chenopodium anthelminticum. ANTACIDS, Anti-acids, Antiac"ida, Inver- ten'tia, from anti, ' against,' and acida, ' acids.' Remedies which obviate acidity in the stomach. They are chemical agents, and act by neutralizing the acid. Those chiefly used are ammonia, calcis carbonas, calx, magnesia, magnesias carbonas, potassa, potassae bicarbonas, p. carbonas, sodae bicarbonas, and s. carbonas. They are, of course, only palliatives, removing that which exists, not preventing the formation of more. ANTAG'ONISM, Antagonis'mus, Antis'tasis, from avri, 'against,' and ayuivt^etv, 'to act.' Ac- tion in an opposite direction. It applies to the action of muscles that act in a contrary direc- tion to others. In estimating the force of the muscles, this antagonism must be attended to. ANTAG'ONIST, Antagonia'ta. A muscle whose action produces an effect contrary to that of another muscle. Every muscle has its anta- gonist, because there is no motion in one direc- tion without a capability of it in another. ANTALGICUS, Anodyne. ANTAPHRODIS'IAC, Antaphrodilic, Anta- phrodisiacus, Anaphrodisiacus, Anaphrodisiac, Anterolicus, from avrt, 'against,' and aippoSiotaicof, ' aphrodisiac' A substance capable of blunting , the venereal appetite. ANTAPHRODITIC, Antaphrodisiac. ANTAPOD'OSIS, from avrarroSiowpi, 'I return in exchange.' The succession and return of the febrile periods.—Hippocrates. ANTAPOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic. ANTARTHRITIC, Antiarthritic. ANTASTHENICUS, Tonic. ANTASTHMATICUS, Antiasthmatic. ANTATROPH'IC, Autotroph'icus, Antat'ro- phus, Antiatroph'icus, from avrt, ' against,' and arpoipia, ' atrophy.' A remedy opposed to atro- phy or consumption. ANTEBRACHIAL, see Antibrachial. ANTECENDEN'TIA. The precursory or warning symptoms of a disease. ANTELA'BIA, Prochei'la, from ante, 'before,' and labia, ' the lips.' The extremity of the lips. ANTELOPE, Antilopus. ANTEMBALLOMENUM, Succedaneum. ANTEM'BASIS, from avn, and epfiaivu,, 'I enter.' Mu'tuus ingres'sus. The mutual recep- tion of bones.—Galen. ANTEMETIC, Antiemetic. ANTENDEIXIS, Counter-indication. ANTENDIXIS, Counter-indication. ANTENEAS'MUS, from avn, 'against,' and v£«», 'audacious.' One furious against himself. Mania, in which the patient attempts his own life.—Zacchias. ANTENNA'RIA DIOI'CA, Gnapha'lium Di- oi'cum, Hispid'ula, Pes cati, Elichry'sum monta'- num, Dice'cious Everlast'ing, Catsfoot, (F.) Pied de chat. A common European plant, which haa been advised in hemorrhage, diarrhoea, Ac. ANTEPHIALTIC, Antiephialtic. ANTEPILEPTIC, Antiepileptic. ANTEPONENS, Anticipating. ANTEREI'SIS, from avn, 'against,' and tpw im, ' I support.' The resistance—the solidity— of bones.—Hippocrates. ANT ERIE UR DU MAR TEA U 81 ANTHRAKOKALI ANTERIEUR DU MARTEAU, Laxator tympani—a. de V Oreille, Anterior auris. ANTE'RIOR, Anti'cus, from ante, 'before.* Situate before. Great confusion has prevailed with anatomists in the use of the terms before, behind, &c. Generally, the word anterior is ap- plied to parts situate before the median line, the body being in the erect posture, with the face and palms of the hands turned forwards; and the feet applied longitudinally together. Ante'rior Au'ris (Muscle,) Auricula'Wis ante'- rior, At'trahens auric'ulam (F.) Auriculaire ante- rieur, Anterieur de I'oreille, Zygomato-oriculaire. A small muscle, passing from the posterior part of the zygoma to the helix. Use, to draw the ear forwards and upwards. Anterior Mallei, Laxator tympani. ANTEROTICUS, Antaphrodisiac. ANTEUPHORBIUM, Cacalia anteuphorbium. ANTEVER'SION, Antever'sio, Antrover'sio, from ante, ' before,' and vertere, versum, ' to turn.' Displacement of the uterus, in which the fundus is turned towards the pubes, whilst its orifice is towards the sacrum. It may be caused by extra- ordinary size of the pelvis, pressure of the viscera on the uterus, 2 grammes of potassa. The mixture is Stirred, and removed from the fire, and the stir- ring: is continued, until a black homogeneous powder results. A sulphuretted anthrakokali is made by mixing accurately 16 grammes of sul- phur with the coal, and dissolving the mixture in the potassa as directed above. The dose of the simple and sulphuretted preparations is about two n-rains three times a day. ANTHRAX, avdpal;, 'a coal,' Antrax, Carbo, Rubi'nus verus, Codesel'la, Erythe'ma gangrmno'- eum, Grantris'tum, Prima, Per'sicus Ignis, Pyra, Granatrie'tum, Phyma Anthrax, Erythema an- thrax, Carbun'culus, Anthraco'sia, Anthraco'ma, Absces'sus gangrmnes'cens, A. gangrmno'sus, Fu- run'cuius malig'nus, F. gangrmno'sus, Carbuncle, (F.) Charbon. An inflammation, essentially gan- grenous, of the cellular membrane and skin, which may arise from an internal or external Cause. In the latter case it is called Anthra'cion, Vesic'ula gangrmnes' cens, Anthracophlyc'tis, Pus- tule maligne; Bouton d'Alepi, Feu Persique, (Per- sian fire), Malvat, Bouton malin, Puce maligne, and is characterized at the outset by a vesication or bleb filled with a sero-sanguinolent fluid, under which a small induration is formed, surrounded by an areolar inflammation, which becomes gan- grenous. It has been thought by some to be in- duced altogether by contact with the matter of the carbuncle of animals, or of the exuviae of the bodies of such as had died of the disease, but it is now known to arise primarily in the human subject. This form of carbuncle has re- ceived different names, many of them from the places where it has prevailed; — Carbun'culus contagio'*}!* seu Gallicus seu Hunga'ricus seu Polon'iius seu Septentriona'lis, Morbuspustulo''sus Fin'nicns, Pus'tula gangrmnosa seu Liv'ida Es- tho'nim, Pemphigus Hungar'ieus. Anthrax is a malignant boil, and its treatment is similar to that which is required in case of gangrene attacking a part. Anthrax Pilmonum, Necropneumonia. AN'THPISCUS CEREFOLIUM, Scandix ce- refo'lium — a. Humilis, Chasrophyllum Sylvestre —a. Procerus, Chasrophyllum Sylvestre. AXTHROPE. Cutis. AXTHRCPIAT'RICA (MEDIC IN A.) from nvdpunrog, ' man,' and iarpog, ' a physician.' Me- dicine applied to man in contradistinction to animals. AXTHROPOCHEMIA, Chymistry (human). ANTHROPOCHYMY, Chymistry, (human). ANTHROPOGEX'IA, Anthropogen'esis, An- tfiropof'eny, from avSpwirog, 'man,' and yeveaig, ' generation.' The knowlege, or study, or phe- nomena of human generation. A N TIIR 0 P 0 G'RAPHY, Anthropograph'ia, from avBounrog, 'man,' and yoaKog, 'aman,' and pcrpov, ' measure.' Measurement of the di- mensions of the different parts of the human bodv. ANTHROPOMORPHUS, Atropa mandragora. ANTHROPOPH'AGUS, (F.) Anthropophage, from av$pu>irog, ' a man,' and ipayu>, ' I eat.' A name given to one who eats his own species. ANTHROPOPHAGY, Anthropopha'gia, same etymon. The custom of eating human flesh. A disease in which there is great desire to eat it. ANTHROPOS, Homo. ANTIIROPOSCOPIA, Physiognomy. AXTHROPOTOMY, Andranatomia. AXTHUS, Flos. AXTHYPNOT'IC, Anthypnot'icus, Antihyp- not'ic, Agrypnot'ic, from avrt, ' against,' and 'xiKvuiriKog, 'stupefying.' A remedy for stupor. AXTHYPOCHON'DRIAC, Anthypochondri'- acus, from avn, 'against,' and 'vxoxovSptaKog, 'hy- pochondriac' A remedy for hypochondriasis. ANTHYSTER'IC, Antihyster'ic, Antihyster'- iciw, from avn, 'against,' and 'varepa, 'the ute- rus.' A remedy for hysteria. AXTI, avn, as a prefix, in composition, gene- rally means ' opposition.' ANTIADES, Tonsils. ANTIADITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris. ANTIADON'CUS, from avnahg, 'the tonsils,* and oyxog, 'tumour.' A swelling of the tonsils. — Swediaur. Anti'ager has a similar meaning. Antiadoncus Inflammatorius, Cynanche ton- sillaris. ANTIAPOPLEC'TIC, Antiapoplec'ticus, Anta- poplec'ticus, Apoplec'ticus, from avn, 'against,' and airovXifiia, 'apoplexy.' A remedy for apo- plexy. AXTIARIS TOXICARIA, see Upas. ANTIARTHRIT'IC, Antarthrit'ic, Antiar- thrilicus, Antipodag'ric, from avn, ' against,' and apSpmj, 'the gout,' (F.) Antigoutteux. A re- medy for gout. AXTIASTHEN'IC, Antiasthen'icus, from avn, ' against,' and aoQsveia, ' debility.' A remedy for debility. J ANTIASTHMATIC, Antiasthmat'icns, An- tasthmat'icus, from avn, 'against,' and acSpa, ' asthma.' A remedy for asthma. ANTIATROPHICUS, Antatrophic. AXTIBALLOMENUM, Succedaneum. ANTIBDELLA, Antlia sanguisuga. ANTIBRA'CHIAL, Antibrachia'lis. That which concerns the fore-arm. —Bichat. J. Clo- quet suggests that the word should be written an- tebrachial,^ from ante, 'before,' and brachium, 'the arm :'— as antebrachial region, antebrachial aponeurosis, &c. Antebrachial Aponeuro'sis, (F.) Aponfv- rose antibrachiale, is a portion of the aponeurotic sheath which envelops the whole of the upper limb. It arises from the brachial aponeurosis, from a fibrous expansion of the tendon of the biceps muscle, from the epicondyle, epitrochlea, and, behind, from the tendon of the triceps bra- chialis. Within, it is inserted into the cubitus, &c ; and, below, is confounded with the two an- nular ligaments of the carpus. It is covered by the skin, by veins, lymphatics, and by filaments of superficial nerves; it covers the muscles of the fore-arm, adheres to them, and sends between them several fibrous septa, which servo them for points of insertion. ANTIBRACHIUM, Fore-arm. ANTIDROMIC 83 ANTILLY ANTIBRO'MIC, Antibro'micus, from avn, 'against,' and (iputpog, 'fostor.' A Deo'dorizer. An agent that destroys offensive odours — as chloride of zinc, simple sulphate of alumina, &c. ANTICACHEC'TIC, Anticachec''ticus, Antica- cochym'ic, from avn, 'against,' and (ca^ia, 'ca- chexy.' A remedy against cachexy. ANTICACOCHYMIC, Anticachectic. AXTICAX'CEROUS, Anticancero'sus, Anti- cancro'sus, Anticarcinom'atous, Antiseir'rhous, from avn, ' against,' and Kapmvuipa, ' cancer,' car- cinoma. Opposed to cancer. ANTICANCROSUS, Anticancerons. AXTICARCINOMATOUS, Anticancerous. ANTICARDIUM, Fossette du coeur, Scrobicu- lus cordis. ANTICATAR'RHAL, Anticatarrha'lis, Anti- catarrhdicus, from avn, 'against,' and Karappog, ' catarrh.' A remedy for catarrh. ANTICAUSOD'IC, Anticausot'ic, Anticausod'- icus, from avn, ' against,' and icavaog, ' a burning fever.' A remedy for causus or inflammatory fever, AMTICAUSOTIC, Anticausodic. ANTICHEIR, Pollex, see Digitus. ANTICH03RADICUS, Antiscrofulous. ANTICHOLERICA, Sophora heptaphylla. ANTICIPATING, Antic"ipans, Antepo'nens, Prolept'icus. A periodical phenomenon, recur- ring at progressively shorter intervals. An an- ticipating intermittent is one in which the inter- vals between the paroxysms become progressively ANTICNEMIUM, Shin. ANTIC'ECR, Scrobiculus cordis. ANTICOL'IC, Anticol'icus, from avn, 'against,' and KioXixog, ' the colic' That which is opposed to colic. ANTICOMMA, Oontre-coup. ANTICOPE, Oontre-coup. ANTICRUSIS, Contre-coup. AXT1CRUSMA, Contre-coup. ANTICUS, Anterior. ANTIDARTREUX, Antiherpetic. AXTIDEIXLS, Counter-indication. ANTIDIARRIKE'IC, Antidiarrhce'icns. A remedy for diarrhoea. Opposed to diarrhoea. AXTID'INIC, Antidin'icus, Din''icus,from avn, 'against,' and Sivog, 'vertigo.' Opposed to vertigo. AN'TIDOTAL, Antidota'lis, same etymon as antidote. Relating to an antidote; possessed of the powers of an antidote. ANTIDOTA'RIUM, from avnSorov, 'an anti- dote.' A dispensatory. A pharmacopoeia or for- mulary. AN'TIDOTE, Antid'otum, from avn, 'against,' and oiStopi, ' I give.' Originally this word signi- fied an internal remedy. It is now used synony- mously with counter-poison, Antiphar'macnm, and signifies any remedy capable of combating the effect of poisons. A List of Substances reputed as Antidotes. 1. Metals. Iron Filings. Zinc Filings. 2. Acids. Tannic Acid. Acetic or Citric Acid. 3. Salts. Alkaline or Earthy Sul- phates. Chloride of Sodium. Hypochlorite of Soda or of Lime. 4. Alkalines. Ammonia. Carbonates of Ammonia. Carbonates of Soda. Masnesia. Carbonate of Magnesia. Lime Water. Chalk. Soap. 5. StTLPHUP.ETS. Sulphuretted Hydrogen, dissolved in water. Sulphuret of Potassium. 6. Haloids. Chlorine. 7. Metallic Oxides. Hvdrated Sesqui-oxide of Iron. Mixed Oxides of Iron. 8. Organic Substances. Albuminous Substances, (Albumen, Casein, and Cluten.) Starch. Oil. Animal Charcoal. ANTIDOTUM HERACLIDIS, Enneaphar- macos—a. Mithridatium, Mithridate. ANTIDYiTAMICA, Debilitants. ANTIDYNOUS, Anodyne. ANTIDYSEXTER'IC, Antidysenter'icus, from avn, 'against,' <5us, 'with difficulty,' aDd evrepov, ' intestine.'_ Opposed to dysentery. ANTIEMET'IC, Antemet'ic, Antiemet'icus, from avn, ' against,' and eperiKog, ' emetic' A remedy for vomiting. ANTIEPHIAL'TIC or ANTEPHIAL'TIC, Antiephial ticus, from avn, 'against,' and eipiaX- rcg, 'nightmare.' A remedy for nightmare. ANTIEPILEP'TIC or ANTEPILEP'TIC, Antiepilep'ticus, from avn, ' against,' and tiri- Xnping, 'ne- phritis.' A remedy for inflammation of the kidney. ANTINEUROPATHIC, Nervine. ANTINEUROTIC, Nervine. ANTINIAD, see Antinial. ANTIN'IAL, from avn, 'against,' and ivmv, 'the ridge of the occiput.' An epithet for an aspect towards the side opposite to the inion, or ridge of the occiput.—Barclay. Antiniad is used adverbially by the same writer, to signify ' to- wards the antinial aspect.' ANTI'OCHI HI'ERA. A preparation ex- tolled by the ancients in melancholy, hydropho- bia, epilepsy, , 'I am lousy.' A remedy used to destroy lice. ANTIPHTHIS'ICAL, Antiphthis'icus, from avn, 'against,' and ^Siiny, 'consumption.' Op- posed to phthisis. ANTIPHYSICA, Carminatives. ANTIPHYS'ICAL, Antiphys'icus, from avn, 'against,' and , 'I blow.' An expeller of wind: a carminative. It has also been used for any thing preterna- tural; here, the derivation is from avn, 'against,' and ' Cavern'a, Bar'athrum, (*.) Autre. A name given to certain cavities in bones, the entrance to which is smaller than the bottom. Antrum Auris, Tympanum—a. Buccinosum, ANULUS 87 APERIENT Cochlea, Labyrinth — a. Dentale, see Tooth — a. Pylori, see Stomach. Antrum of Highmore, Antrum Highmoria'- Hum, Antrum Genm, Antrum maxilla're vel max- illa superio'ris, Genyan'trum, Mux'illary Sinus, Sinus Genm pituita'rius, (F.) Autre d'Hyghmore, Sinus Maxillaire. A deep cavity in the sub- stance of the superior maxillary bone communi- cating with the middle meatus of the nose. It is lined by a prolongation of the Schneiderian membrane. ANULUS, Fossette. ANURESIS, Ischuria. ANURIA, Ischuria. ANUS, 'a circle,' Podex, Potex, Molyne, Mo- lyn'ie, Dactylios, Oath'edra, Oyr'ceon, Gys'saros, Cysthos, Aph'edra, Aph'edron, Hedra, Proctos, Archos, Sedes, Cuius, Cu'leon. The circular open- ing situate at the inferior extremity of the rectum, by which the excrement is expelled. The funda- ment. The seat. The body. The seat, (F.) Siege. Anus also signifies the anterior orifice of the Aqueduct of Sylvius. By some, this Anus, called also, Fora'men commu'ne poste'rius, has been supposed to form a communication between the back part of the third ventricle and the lateral ventricles. It is closed up, however, by the tela choroidea, and also by the fornix, which is inti- mately connected with this. The foramen is situate between the commissura mollis of the optic thalami and the pineal gland. Anus, Artificial. An opening made artifi- cially, to supply the natural anus. The term is often used to include preternatural anus. Anus, Contracted, (F.) Anus retreci. A state of the anus when, from some cause, it is con- stricted. Anus, Imperforate. A malformation, in which there is no natural anus. See Atresia ani adnata. Anus, Preternat'ural, (F.) Anus contre na- ture, A. anormal. An accidental opening which gives issue to the whole or to a part of the faeces. It may be owing to a wound, or, which is most common, to gangrene attacking the intestine in a hernial sac. This term is also employed, as well as Anus deviS, devious anus, to the case where the anus, in- stead of being in its natural situation, is in some neighbouring cavity, as the bladder, vagina, &c. ANXI'ETY, Anxi'etas, Anxi'etude, Admmo'- nia, Dyspho'ria anxi'etas, Alys'mus, Al'yce, Al'- ysis, Ase, from angere, Gr. ayxa-v, 'to strangle, to suffocate.' A state of restlessness and agita- tion, with general indisposition, and a distressing sense of oppression at the epigastrium. Inquie- tude, anxiety, and anguish, represent degrees of the same condition, ANYPNIA, Insomnia. AOCHLE'SIA, from a, priv., and oxXog, 'dis- turbance.' Tranquillity. Calmness. AOR'TA, Arte'ria magna, A. crassa, A. max'- ima, Hmmal Axis, of Owen. (F.) Aorte. This name was given by Aristotle to the chief artery of the body. It may have been derived from aoprtopat, 'I am suspended,' as it seems to be suspended from the heart; or from anp, 'air,' and mpeoi, ' I keep,' because it was supposed to con- tain air. It is probable that Hippocrates meant by aoprai the bronchia and their ramifications. The aorta is the common trunk of the arteries of the body. It arises from the left ventricle of the heart, about opposite to the fifth dorsal vertebra, passes upwards (ascending Aorta,) forms the great arch of the Aorta, and descends along the left of the spin", (descending Aorta,) until it reaches the middle of the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra, where it bifurcates, to give origin to the common iliacs. The aorta is sometimes divided into th« Thoracic or pectoral, and the Abdominal. For the arteries which arise from it, &c, see Artery. AORTEURYS'MA, from aopm, 'the aorta,' and cvpvg,' dilated.' Aneurism of the Aorta, (F.) Anevrysme de lAorte, Aortiectasie. By carefully auscultating over the dorsal vertebrae, a bellows' sound, with a deep and not always perceptible impulse, may be detected. AOR'TIC, Aor'ticus. Relating to the Aorta. The Aortic ventricle, (F.) Ventricle Aortique, is the left ventricle. The Aortic valves are the sig- moid valves at the origin of the Aorta, ' sound.' Properly the action of reflecting sound. In medicine, it is synonymous with the Latin Oontrafissura, a counter-fissure, a counter-blow. —Gorrasus, Celsus. APECTOCEPHALUS, Acephalothorus. APEL'LA, Appella, Leipoder'mos, Recuti'tus, from a, priv., and pellis, ' skin.' One whose pre- puce does not cover the glans. — Galenus, Lin- naeus, Vogel. Retraction or smallness of any other soft appendage.—Sagar. One who is cir- cumcised. APEPSIA, Dyspepsia. APE'RIENT, Ape'riens, Aperiti'vus, from ape. rire, (ad and pario,) 'to open.' Res'erans. A laxative. (F.) Aperitif. A medicine which gently opens the bowels. The term had for- APERISTATON 88 APIONTA merly a much more extensive signification, and, like Catalyt'icum, was given to a substance sup- posed to have the power of opening any of the passages, and even the blood-vessels. APERIS'TATON, Aperis'tatum, from a, pri- vative, and ncpiarnpi, ' I surround.' An epithet for an ulcer not dangerous nor considerable, nor surrounded by inflammation. APERITIF, Aperient. , APERITIVUS, Aperient. * APERTOR OCULI, Levator palpebrae superi- oris. APERTO'RIUM, from aperio, ' I open. An instrument for dilating the os uteri during labour. APERTURA, Mouth—a. Anterior ventriculi tertii cerebri, Vulva (cerebri)—a. Pelvis superior, see Pelvis. APEUTHYSMENOS, Rectum. APEX, Mucro. The point or extremity of a part:—as the apex of the tongue, nose, &c. Apex Lingua, Proglossis. APH^ERESIS, Apheresis, Extirpation. APHALANGI'ASIS, from a, ' intensive,' and tpaXayt, ' phalanx.' The fourth stage of Oriental leprosy, which is recognised chiefly by a gangre- nous condition of the fingers. APHASSOM'EXOS, from atpaocra, 'I touch, I feel.' The touching of the parts of generation of the female as a means of diagnosis. — Hippo- crates. See Esaphe. APIIEDRA, Anus. APHEDRIA, Menses. APHEDROX, Anus. APHELI'A, aipeXng, 'simple.' Simplicity. The simple manners of the sect of Methodists in teaching and practising medicine. APHELX'IA, from aiptXicio, 'I abstract.' Vo- luntary inactivity of the whole or the greater part of the external senses to the impressions of surrounding objects, during wakefulness. Re- very, (F.) Reverie. Dr. Good has introduced this into his Nosology, as well as Aphelx'ia so- cors or absence of mind—A. inten'ta or abstrac- tion of mind.: and A. otio'sa, Stu'dium ina'ne, brown study or listless musing. APHEPSEMA, Decoction. APHEPSIS, Decoction. APIIE'RESIS, Aphm'resis, from aaipco>, 'I take away.' An operation by which any part of the body is separated from the other. Hippo- crates, according to Foesius, uses the expression Aphm'resis San'guinis for excessive hemorrhage; and Sennertus, to express the condition of an animal deprived both of the faculties of the mind and of the mind itself. APH'ESIS, from a^inpi, 'I relax.' A remis- sion. This word expresses sometimes the dimi- nution or cessation of a disease; at others, lan- guor and debility of the lower extremities. See Languor, and Remission. APHILAN'THROPY, Aphilanthro'pia,from a, privative, , 'I love,' and avSpuwog, 'a man.' Dislike to man. Love of solitude. Vogel has given this name to the first degree of melancholy. APHISTESIS, Abscess. APHODEUMA, Excrement. APHODUS, Excrement. APHONETUS, Aphonus. APHO'NIA, Liga'tio lingua, Loque'la abol'ita, Defec'tus loque'la, Dyspho'nia, (of some,) Aph'- ony, (F.) Aphonic, Perte de la Voix, from a, pri- vative, and ti)vn, ' voic6.' Privation of voice, or of tue sounds that ought to be produced in the glottis. When aphonia forms part of catarrh or of' cold,' it is commonly of but little consequence; but when produced by causes acting on the ner- vous system, as by some powerful emotion, or without any appreciable lesion of the vocal appa- ratus, (Laryngo-paralysis,) it frequently resists all remedies. Aphonia, Catalepsy — a. Surdorum, Mutitaa Surdorum. APHONICUS, Aphonus. APHO'NUS, Apho'nicus, Apho'netus; same etymon. Relating to aphonia. APHONY, Aphonia. APHORIA, Sterilitas. APHORICUS, Sterile. APHORUS^ Sterile. • APHOR'ME, aipoppv, 'occasion.' The exter- nal and manifest cause of any thing. The occa- sional cause of a disease.—Hippocrates. APHRO'DES, 'frothy,' from a, 'I learn.' Forgetfulness of things taught. —Hippocrates. APOM'ELI, from airo, 'of,' and ptXi, 'honey.' An oxyiuel or decoction made of honey.—Galen, Aetius, Paulus, &c. APOMKXIS, Munctio. APOMYLE'NAS, from a-opvXXatvio, 'I make a wry mouth.' One who pushes his lips forwards, pressing them against each other. Occasionally a svuiptom of nervous fever.—Galen, Erotian. APOMYTHO'SIS, from airopuoout, 'I snore.' A disease in which there is stertor.—Sauvages, Sagar. APOMYXIA, Nasal mucus. APOXEUROG'RAPHY, Aponeurogra'phia, from axovivpuaig, an 'aponeurosis,' and ypaipn, 'a description.' A description of the Aponeu- roses. APOXEUROL'OGY, Aponeurolog"ia, from anovevpoxrig, 'an aponeurosis.' and Xoyog, 'a dis- course.' Aponeurosiology. The anatomy of the aponeuroses. APONEUROSIOLOGY, Aponeurology. A P 0 N E U R 0' SIS, Aponevro'sis, from airo, ' from,' and vtvpov, ' a nerve.' Pronerva'tio, De- nerva'tio, Enerva'tio, Expan'sio nervo'sa, (F.) Aponeurose, Aponcvrose. The ancients called every white part vtvpov, and regarded the Apo- neurosis as a nervous expansion. The Aponeu- roses are white, shining membranes, very resist- ing, and composed of fibres interlaced. Some are continuous with the muscular fibres, and differ only from tendons by their flat form. They are called Aponeuroses of insertion, (F.) Aponevroses d'insertion, when they are at the extremities of muscles, and attach them to the bone;—Aponeu- roses of intersection, (F.) Aponevroses d'intersec- tion, if they interrupt the continuity of the mus- cle, and are continuous on both sides with mus- cular fibres. Others surround the muscle, and prevent its displacement: they are called envelop- ing Aponeuroses, (F.) Aponevroses d'enveloppe. Aponeurosis, Fascia—a. Crural, Fascia lata— a. Femoral, Fascia lata—a. Iliac, Fascia iliaca. APONEUROSITIS, from aponeurosis, and itis, ' denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of an aponeurosis. APOXEUROT'IC, Aponeurot'icus. What re- lates to Aponeuroses:—thus, we say Aponeurotic expansion, Aponeurotic muscle, &o. APONEUROT'OMY, Aponeurotom'ia, from airovevpwaig, 'aponeurosis,' and repvo>, 'I cut.' Anatomy of aponeuroses. Aponeurotomy has, also, been proposed for the division, (debridement) of filaments, , 'I rise,' Ec'physis, Proces'sus, Appendix, A process of a bone, Prominentia ossis contin'ua. When the apophysis is yet separated from the body of the bone by intervening cartilage, it is called Epiph'yaia. The apophyses or processes are, at times, distinguished by epithets, expressive of their form : as A. styloid, A. eoracoid, &c. Others are not preceded by the word apophysis; as Tro- chanter, Tuberosity, &C. Apoph'ysis of Ingras'sias is a term applied to the lesser ala of the sphenoid bone. Apophysis of Rau, Grele apophyse du Mar- teau : see Malleus. Apophysis Zygomatica, Zygomatic process. APOPIES'MA, from airoiri^, 'I compress.' Hippocrates uses the term to signify a fancied expression or forcing out of humours by the application of bandages in wounds and frac- APOPLANESIS, Error loci. APOPLECTIC, Apoplec'ticus. Referring to Apoplexy. This word has various significations. It is applied, 1. To individuals labouring under apoplexy: 2. To remedies proper for combating apoplexy: 3. To the constitution, temperament, or make, Architectu'ra apoplec'tica, Hab'itus apoplec'ticus, which predisposes to it, and, 4. To the symptoms which characterize apoplexy; as Apoplectic sleep, A. stroke, A. stertor, &c. The jugular veins have also, by some, been called Apoplectic veins, Vena apoplec'tica. APOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic, Apoplectic Apoplectic Cell. A cavity remaining in the encephalon, after the effusion of blood and its subsequent absorption. APOPLEXIA, Apoplexy—a. Catalepsia, Cata- lepsia—a. Cerebralis, see Apoplexy—a. Cerebri, see Apoplexy —a. Cordis, Hasmocardiorrhagia— a. Hydrocephalica, Hydrocephalus internus—a, Hepatica, Hepatorrhagia —a. Medullaris, Apo- plexia myelitica—a. Meningaea, Apoplexy, me- ningeal. Apoplexia Myelit'ica; A. Medulla'ris, A. Spxna'hs, A. Rachia'lia, Hmmor'rhachia, Myelor- rhagia, Mijclapoplex'ia, (F.) Apoplexie de la Moelle ipxniire, Hemorrhagic de la Moelle epini- ere, Hemato-myilie, Hemo-myilorrhagie, Hc'ma- torrhaehis. Hemorrhage into the spinal marrow. Apoplexia Nervosa, Apoplexy, nervous—a. Nervosa traumatica, Concussion of the brain —a. Pituitosa, see Apoplexy—a. Pulmonalis, see Hae- moptysis—a. Pulmonum, see Haemoptysis — a. APOPLEXIE OAPILLAIRE 91 APOSTERIGMA Renalis, Apoplexy, renal—a. Rachialis, A. mye- litica — a. Sanguinea, see Apoplexy — a. Serosa, see Apoplexy—a. Simplex, Apoplexy, nervous— a. Spasmodica, Apoplexy, nervous — a. Spinalis, Apoplexia myelitica — a. Temulenta, see Temu- lentia. AP OP LEXIE OAPILLAIRE, Mollifies ce- rebri—a. Cerebrate, Apoplexy, Hemorrhagic cire- brale. APOPLEXIE FOUDROYANTE, 'Thun- dering Apoplexy.' A form of apoplexy, which ts intense and rapidly fatal. APOPLEXIE MENINGEE, Apoplexy, me- ningeal— a. De la Moelle Epiniere, Apoplexy, spinal. AP'OPLEXY, Apoplex'ia, from airoirA>?rr£iy, 'to strike with violence.' At the present day, the term apoplexy is employed by many writers to signify interstitial hemorrhage, (F.) Hemor- rhagic interstitielle, or every effusion of blood, which occurs suddenly into the substance of an organ or tissue. Hence, we speak of cerebral apoplexy, pulmonary apoplexy, Ac , 'I fall down.' A relaxation of bandages.—Erotian. APORRHOE, Aporrhosa. APORRHGil'A, Apor'rhoe, Apor'rhysis, Deflu'- vium, from airoppeio, ' I flow from.' An emana- tion, effluvium, contagion.—Moschion. A falling off of the hair, according to some. APORRHYSIS, Aporrhosa. APOSCEM'MA, Aposcep'sis, from airooKnirtt. ' I lie down, I direct myself towards.' Afflux of fluids towards a part. Metastasis. The first word has been applied to the excrements.—Hip- pocrates, Galen. APOSCENOSIS, Apocenosis. APOSCEPARNIS'MUS, Deascia'tio, from airo and oneirapvov, 'a hatchet.' Wound of the cra- nium, by a cutting instrument, in which a piece of the bone has been cut out, as with a hatchet. —Gorrasus. APOSCEPSIS, Aposcemma. APOS'CHASIS^ Aposchas'mus, from airoaxa^ia, 'I scarify.' Scariflca'tion. A slight superficial incision in the skin. Also, blood-letting__Hip- pocrates. APOS'IA, Sitis defec'tus, from a, privative, and iroo-tj, ' drink.' Want of thirst, absence of desire for liquids. APOSI'TIA, from airo,' from,' and cirog,' food.' Aversion for food.—Galen. See Disgust. APOSIT'IC, Aposit'icus ; the same etymology. Any substance which destroys the appetite, or suspends hunger. APOSPAS'MA, from axoairao), ' I tear or lace- rate.' (F.) Arrachement. A solution of conti- nuity, especially of a ligament; Rhegma liga- >* menta're, Lacera'tio ligamenta'ria. APOSPHACEL'ISIS, Aposphacelis'mus, from airo, and orpaKtXog, 'mortification.' Gangrene in wounds and fractures, owing to the bandages being too tight.—Hippocrates. APOSPHINX'IS, airocipiylig, constriction, compression. The action of a tight bandage.—■ Hippocrates. APOSPONGIS'MUS, the act of sponging for any purpose.—Gorrasus. APOSTALAG'MA, Apostag'ma, from airo, ' from,' and oraXafa, ' I drop.' The ancient name for the saccharine liquor which flows from grapes when not yet pressed. APOS'TASlS, from airo, and larnpi, 'I stop.' The ancients had different significations for this word. It was most commonly used for an ab- scess. The separation of a fragment of bone by fracture. Removal of disease by some excre- tion, Ac. APOSTAX'IS, from airoarafa, ' I distil from.' Staxis. The defluxion of any humour, as of blood from the nose.—Hippocrates. APOSTE'MA, from airo, 'from,' and icrnpi, 'I settle,' or from aiptarnpi, ' I recede from.' This word is used by the ancients somewhat vaguely. It meant an affection in which parts, previously in contact, are separated from each other by a fluid collected between them. The moderns re- gard it as synonymous with Abscess. Some, even of the moderns, have applied it to any waiery tumour, and even to tumours in general. Apostema Cerebri, Encephalopyosis—a. Em- pyema, Empyema—a. Parulis, Parulis —a. Pha- langum, Fourche—a. Psoaticum, Lumbar abscess. APOSTERIG'MA, from i««m,pi{», 'I sup- port.' Any thing that supports a diseased part, as a cushion, a pillow, Ac — Galen. A deep. seated and inveterate disease of the intestines.__ Hippocrates. APOSTHIA J APOS'THIA, Leipoder'mia, from a privative, and noaBia, ' prepuce' Want of prepuce. APOSTOLO'RUM UNGUENT'UM, Dodeca- phar'macum, Ointment of the Apostles. So called, because as many solid ingredients entered into its composition as there were apostles. It con- tained several resins and gum-resins, yellow wax, oil, vinegar, verdigris, , (airo and Bepairevu,) 'I cure.' A perfect cure.—Hippoc. In the ancient Gymnastics, it meant the last part of the exer- cises :—the friction, inunction, and bathing, for the purpose of obviating fatigue, or curing dis- ease.—Galen, Gorrasus. APOTHERAPEUSIS, Apotherapeia. APOTHER'MUM, from airo, and Seppn, 'heat.' A pickle made of mustard, oil, and vinegar.— Galen. APOTH'ESIS, from aironSnph 'I replace.' The position proper to be given to a fractured limb, after reduction. APOTHICAIRE, Apothecary. APOTHICAIRERIE, (F.) from airo$w, 'a warehouse, shop.' The same as Apotheca; also, a gallipot. APOTHLIM'MA, from airo, and SAi|3a>, 'I press from.' Anciently, the dregs, and some- times the expressed juice, Succus expres'sus, of plants.—Gorrasus. APOTHRAU'SIS, from airoSpavw, 'I break.' Fracture of a bone, with spicula remaining. Ex- traction of a spiculum of bone.—Gorrasus. Also, Abscission. APOTILMOS, Evulsion. APOT'OKOS, from airo, and n*™, 'I bring forth.' An abortive foetus.—Hippocrates. APOTOME, Amputation. APOTOMIA, Amputation. APOTROP.EUM, Amuletum. APOTROPE, Aversion. Also, deviation—as •f a limb—Parol rope. APPENDIX APOXYSMUS, Abrasion. APOZEM, Decoction. APOZESIS, Decoction. APPARA'TUS, Parasceu'e, from ad and pa- rare, ' to prepare.' This word signifies a collec- tion of instruments, Likewise, the motion produced by ca- thartics. ARiEOMA, Interstice. ARAEOMETER, Areometer. ARiEOT'ICA, from apaioui, 'I rarefy.' Medi- cines supposed to have the quality of rarefying the humours. See Rarefaciens. ARAKI, see Spirit. ARALIA CANADENSIS, Panax quinquefo- lium. Ara'lia His'pida, Dwarf Elder, is said to be diuretic, and has been recommended, in decoc- tion, in dropsy. Ara'lia Nudicau'lis, Nardus America'nus, Small Spikenard, Wild Liq'uorice, Sioeet root, False Sarsaparilla, (F.) Petit nard. This Ame- rican plant is said to be a mild stimulant and diaphoretic, and has been recommended as a sub- stitute for sarsaparilla. It is used, also as a tonic. It is in the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. Ara'lia Racemo'sa, American Spikenard, has the same properties as A. Nudicaulis. Ara'lia Spino'sa, Angelica Tree, Prickly Ash, Toothach Tree, Spikenard Tree, Prickly Elder, Shotbush, Pigeon Tree. Its properties are not clear. The berries, and a tincture of them, have been employed, it is said, successfully in toothach. A spirituous infusion has also been used in colic. ARANEA, Araneae Tela — a. Tarentula, see Tarentula. ARA'NE^E TELA, Ara'nea, Ara'neum, Cob- web, (F.) Toile d'Araignee. Formerly, this sub- stance was much employed, and supposed to pos- sess extraordinary virtues, especially when ap- plied to the wrists. It has been recently used again in intermittents. The spider itself, sof- tened into a plaster and applied to the forehead «nd temples, is said by Dioscorides to prevent ague. Cobweb is a mechanical styptic, and is so applied, at times. ARANEO'SA URI'NA. A term applied to the urine when loaded with filaments, like cob- ARANEO'SUS (PULSUS); a term employed to express extreme weakness of pulse; when the movements resemble those of a delicate net raised py the wind. ARANEUM, Araneae Tela. Ara'neum Ulcus, Astakil'los. A name given by Paracelsus to a malignant, gangrenous ulcer, extending from the feet to the legs. ARARA, Myrobalanus citrina. ARASCON, Nymphomania, Satyriasis. ARATRUM, Vomer. ARAUCARIA DOMBEYI, Dombeya excelsa. ARBOR BENIVI, Benjamin—a. Indica, Lau- rus cassia,—a. Maris, Coral—a. Thurifera—Juni- perus Lycia—a. Uteri Vivificans, Palmae uteri plicatae. Arbor Vit.*:, (F,) Arbre de vie. A name given to an arborescent appearance, observed on cutting the cerebellum longitudinally; and which results from the particular arrangement of the white substance with the cineritious. Also, the Thuya occidentalis. Arbor Vit^eUterinus, Palmas uteri plicatae. Arbor Vit.s: of the Uterus, Palmae uteri plicatae. AR'BORES. A morbid alteration of the skin, which precedes its ulceration. Ruland. ARBOUS1ER, Arbutus unedo. ARRRE DE VIE, Arbor Vitas. ARBUSCULA GUMMIFERA BRAZILIEN- SIS, Hypericum bacciferum. ARBUTUS, A. Unedo—a. Trailing, A. Uva ursi, Epigaea repens. Ar'butus Uva Ursi, Arctostaph'ylos Uva ursi, Maira'nia uva ursi. Nat. Ord. Ericeae. Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. (F.) Busse- rolle ou Raisin d' Ours. The leaves—( Uva Ursi, Ph. U. S.)—of this plant are tonic and astringent, and have been employed, chiefly, in diseases of the urinary organs. Dose of the powder from gr. xv. to gss. The English names are Trailing Ar'butus, Bear's Whortleberry or Bearberry, Mountain-box, Redberry, Upland Cranberry, Foxberry, Checkerberry. Ar'butus Une'do, Ar'butus, Andrach'ne, Une'- do, Une'do papyra'cea, nopapog, (F.) Arbousier. A decoction of the leaves is astringent, and has been used in diarrhoea. ARC, Arch, Arcus. Any part of the body re- sembling an arch in form ; as the Arch of the colon, (F.) Arc du colon,—the transverse portion of that intestine :—Arch of the Aorta, Arcus aor'- tm. (F.) Crosse de lAorte, Inil'ium, Princip'ium, Pr.imor'- dium, Orlgo, Inva'sio. The first attack of a dis- ARCHECPTOMA, Proctocele. ARCHEE, Archasus. ARCHELL, CANARY, Lichen roccella. ARCHELOG"IA, from apxm 'beginning,'and Xoyog, ' a discourse.' A treatise on fundamental principles ;—of medicine, for example. ARCHEX'D A. A powder of the leaves of the ligustrum, used by the ^Egyptians after bathing, to obviate the unpleasant odour of the feet.— Prosper Alpinus. ARCHIA'TER, Archia'trus, Protomed'icus, Protia'tros, from apxn, 'authority,' and iarpog, ♦physician.' The original signification of this word is a matter of dispute. Some consider, with Mercurialis, that it meant physician to a prince, king, emperor, to older children from ^j to ^U- Argilla Sulphuric a Alcalisata, Alumen — a. Sulphurica usta, Alumen exsiccatum — a. Sup1 ersulphas alcalisatum, Alumen—a. Vitriolata, Alumen. ARGLLLA3 ACETAS, Aluminae acetas — a. Sulphas, Aluminae sulphas. ARGOL, RED, Potassae supertartras impurus —-a. White, Potassae supertartras impurus. ARGUMENTUM INTEGRITATIS, Hymen. ARGY'RIA, from apyvpog, 'silver.' The dis- coloration of the skin occasioned by the internal use of nitrate of silver. ARGYROCH^ETA, Matricaria. ARGYROPH'ORA, from apyvpog, 'silver,' and 0£po>, ' I bear.' A name given, by Myrepsus, to an antidote which he regarded as extremely pre- cious. ARGYROTROPHEMA, Blancmanger. ARGYRUS, Argentum. ARHEUMAT'IC, Arheumat'ieus, from a, pri- vative, and ptvpa, 'fluxion or rheumatism.' One without fluxion or rheumatism. ARIA, Crataegus aria. ARICI'NA, Cus'ecnin, Cusco-Cincho'nia, so called from Ariea in South America, the place where it is shipped. An alkali found in Cusco Bark, which is very similar in many of its pro- perties to Cinchonia. Cusco was the ancient residence of the Incas. ARIC'YMON, from apt, an intensive particle, and kvciv, 'to conceive.' A name given to a female who conceives readily.—Hippocrates. ARIDE'NA, A Latin word employed to de- signate the leanness of any part. — Ettmnller, Sauvages. ARID'ITY, Arid'itas. (F.) Ariditc, from arerc, 'to dry.' The French use the word Ariditi to express the dryness of any organ, and particu- larly of the skin and tongue, when such dryness is so great as to render the organ rough to the touch. Aridite also means the lanuginous ap- pearance of the hair in some diseases in which they seem covered with dust. ARIDU'RA. Wasting or emaciation of the whole or of any part of the body; Marasmus, Atrophy. Aridura Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the — a. Hepatis, Hepatrophia. ARIKA, see Spirit. ARISTALTH.EA, Althaea. ARISTOLOCHI'A, from apiarog, 'very good,' and Xoxua, ' parturition;' so called, because the different varieties were supposed to aid parturi- tion. Birthwort, (F.) Aristoloche. Several va- rieties were once in use. Aristolochia Cava, Fumaria bulbosa. Aristolochi'a Clemati'tis, Aristolochia Vul- ga'ris seu Ore'tica, Adra Riza, Aristolochi'a ten'- uis, (F.) Aristoloche ordinaire, Upright Birth- wort. The root has been considered stimulant and emmenagogue, and as such has been used in amenorrhoea, chlorosis, and cachexia. Aristolochia Cretica, A. Clematitis—a. Fa- bacea, Fumaria bulbosa. Aristolochi'a Longa, and A. Rotun'da, (F.) Aristoloche longue et ronde, Long and Round Birthwort. Virtues the same as the preceding. Aristolochi'a Pistolochi'a, Pistolochla Aris- tolochi'a, Polyrrhi'za. This variety has an aro- matic odour, and an acrid and bitter taste. (F.) Aristoloche crinelCe. Aristolochi'a Serpenta'ria, Serpenta'ria, Vipera'ria, Viperi'na Virginia'na, Colubri'na Virginia'na, Contrayer'va Virginia'na, S. Vir- ginia'na, (F). Serpentaire et Aristoloche serpen- taire de Virginie, Coluvrine de Virginie, Vir- ginia Snakeroot, Snakeroot Birthwort, Snake- weed, Snagrel. Virtues—tonic, stimulant; and, as such, employed in debility, intermittents, Ac. Aristolochia Tenuis, A. Clematitis — a. Tri- fida, A. Trilobata. Aristolochi'a Triloba'ta, A. trif'ida, (F.) Aristoloche trilobSe. A plant of Surinam and Jamaica; possessing the general virtues of the Aristolochiae. The other varieties of Aristolo- chia have similar properties. Aristolochi'a Vulgaris Rotunda, Fumaria bulbosa. ARISTOLOCH'IC, Aristoloch'icus. Same ety- mology. An old term for remedies supposed to have the property of promoting the flow of the lochia.—Hippocrates, Theophrastus, Dioscorides, Ac. ARIS'TON MAGNUM, and ARISTON PAR- VUM. These names were formerly given to pharmaceutical preparations, used in phthisis, tormina, and fever.—Avicenna. ARISTOPHAXEI'ON. A sort of emollient plaster, prepared with four pounds of pitch, two of apochyma, one of wax, an ounce of opoponax, and half a pint of vinegar. — Gorraeus. Not used. ARKANSAS, MINERAL WATERS OF. About 5 miles from the Washita river, and about a quarter of a degree north of the Louisiana line, there are about 70 of those springs. They are thermal, varying from 138° to 150° Fahrenheit, andare employed in rheumatism, cutaneous af- fections, Ac. ARLADA, Beolarar. ARLES, MIXERAL WATERS OF. Ther- ARM 101 ARROW ROOT mal sulphureous springs in the department of Pyrenees Orientales, France. Their temperature is 103° to 145° of Fahr., aud they contain sul- phohydric acid. ARM, Brachium. ARMA, Penis—a. Ventris, Penis. ARMAMENTARIUM, Arsenal—a. Chirurgi- cum, see Arsenal. ARMATORY UNGUENT, Hoplochrysma. ARMATURA, Amnios. ARME, from apoi, 'I adapt.' Any physiolo- gical or mechanical junction or union of parts.— Hesychius. A suture, as of the cranium.—Galen. ARMENIACA EPIROTICA, Prunus Arme- niaca — a. Malus, Apricot. See Prunus — a. Vulgaris, Prunus Armeniaca. ARMENIAN STONE, Melochites. ARMENITES, Melochites. ARMILLiE MANUS MEMBRANOS.E, An- nular ligaments of the carpus. ARMOISE RLANCHE, Artemisia rupestris —a. Commune, Artemisia vulgaris—a. Estragon, Artemisia dracunculus—a. Ordinaire, Artemisia vulgaris. ARMOXIACUM, Ammoniac, gum. ARMORA'CIA. In the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, the fresh root of Cochlearia ar- moracia. Armoracia Rusticana, Cochlearia armoracia —a. Sativa, Cochlearia armoracia. ARMOUR, Condom. ARMURE DES JAMRES, see Cornu am- monis. ARMUS, Humerus—a. Summus, Acromion. AR'NICA MONTA'NA. Derivation uncer- tain. Arnica, Leopard's Bane, Doron'icum Ger- man'icum seu Oppositifo'lium, D. Ar'nica, Alis'- ma, Ac"yrus, Diuret'ica, Arnica Plauen'sis, Pa- nace'a lapso'rum, Ptar'mica monta'na, Oaltha seu Calen'dula Alpi'na, (F.) Arnique, Betoine des Montagues, Tabac des Vosges, Tabac ou Be- toine des Savoyards, Doronic d'Allemagne. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia superflua. Nat. Ord. Synanthereae. The plant and flower are considered, or have been considered, narcotic, stimulant, emmenagogue, Ac; and, as such, have been given in amaurosis, paralysis, all nervous affections, rheumatism, gout, chlorosis, Ac. Dose, gr. v to x, in powder. In large doses, it is dele- terious. Arnica Spuria, Inula dysenterica—a. Sueden- Bis, Inula dysenterica. ARNOGLOSSUM, Plantago. , ARXOTT'S DILATOR, see Dilator, Arnott's. ARO'MA, Ar'tyma, 'perfume :' (apt, 'very,' and oapn or 0^17, 'odour.') Spir'itus Rector, (F.) Arome. The odorous part of plants. An ema- nation—frequently imponderable, from bodies— which acts on the organ of smell, and varies with the body exhaling it. AROMAT'IC, Aromat'icus, (F.)Aromate. Any odoriferous substance obtained from the vegetable kingdom which contains much volatile oil, or a light and expansible resin. Aromatics are used in perfumes, in seasoning, and embalming. In medicine they are employed as stimulants. Gin- ger, cinnamon, cardamoms, mint, Ac, belong to this class. AROMATOPO'LA, from apupa, 'an odour,' and irioXea), ' I sell.' An apothecary or druggist. One who sells spices. ARON, Arum. AROPII. A barbarous word, which had vari- ous significations with the ancients. Paracelsus employed it to designate a lithonthriptic remedy. The mandragora, according to some. Also, a mixture of bread, saffron and wine.—Van Hel- mont. Aroph Paracelsi, Ferrum ammoniatum. ARQUEBUSADE EAU D', Aqua traumat- ica Thede'nii, Aqua Thedia'na, Aqua sclopeta'- ria, Aqxta vxdnera'ria, Aqua catapulta'ruin, Mis- tu'ra vulnera'ria ac"ida. A sort of vulnerary water, distilled from a farrago of aromatic plants. Rosemary Ibiss, millefoil, thyme, each Ibss. Proof spirit 2 gallons—distil a gallon. This is one form. ARRABON, Arraphon. ARRACHEMENT, (F.) from arracher, 'to tear out,' Apospas'ma, Abrup'tio, Avid'sio. Act of separating a part of the body by tearing it from the bonds connecting it with others. Evulsion. Laceration. Arrachement is applied to certain operations, as to the extraction of a tooth, the extirpation of a polypus, Ac. ARRACK, Arack. See Spirit. AR'RAPHON, Ar'rabon, from a, priv., and pa 'a cartilage,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the cartilages and joints. ARTIIRO'DIA, from apSpov, 'a joint.' Adar- ticula'tio. A moveable joint, formed by the head of a bone applied to the surface of a shallow socket, so that it can execute movements in every direction. Arthro'dium is 'a small joint:' dimi- nutive of Arthrodia. ARTHRODYN'IA, Arthronalgia, Arthral- gia, from apSpov, 'articulation,' and o&vvn, 'pain.' Articular pain. Pain in the joints. See Rheu- matism, chronic. Arthrodynia Podagrica, Gout. ARTHROL'OGY, Arthrolog" ia, from apSpov, 'a joint,' and Xoyog, 'a description.' A descrip- tion of the joints. The anatomy of the joints. ARTHROM'BOLE, from apSpov, and fiaXXw, 'I cast.' Coaptation, reduction. Reduction of a luxated or fractured bone. ARTHROMEXINGITIS, Meningarthrocace. ARTHRON, 'a joint.' The ancients used the word Arthron, for the articulation of bones with motion, in opposition to Symphysis, or articula- tion without motion. ANTHRONALGIA, Arthrodynia. ARTHRON'CUS, Arthrophy'ma; from apSpov, 'a joint,' and oyKog, 'a swelling.' Tumefaction of a joint. ARTHRONEMPYESIS, Arthropyosis. ARTHROPHLOGO'SIS, from apSpov, 'ajoint,' and ipXtyu), ' I burn;' Arthri'tis, Ostarthro'sis. Inflammation of the joints. ARTHROPHYMA ADENOCHONDRIUM, see Adenochondrius. ARTHROPYO'SIS, Arthronempye'sis, from apSpov, 'a joint,' and irvov, 'pus.' Suppuration or abscess of the joints. ARTHRO-RHEUMATISMUS, Rheumatism (acute.) ARTHRO'SIA, from apSpoio, 'I articulate.' Arthritis, (of some.) Inflammation, mostly con- fined to the joints; severely painful; occasionally extending to the surrounding muscles. A genus of diseases in the Nosology of Good, including Rheumatism, Gout, Articular inflammation, Joint- ache, &c. Arthrosia Acuta, Rheumatism, acute — a. Chronica, Rheumatism, chronic—a. Lumborum, Lumbago—a. Podagra, Gout—a. Podagra com- plicate, Gout (retrograde) — a. Podagra larvata, Gout (atonic)—a. Podagra regularis, Gout (re- gular.) ARTHROSIS, Articulation. ARTHROSPON'GUS, from ap$pov, 'a joint,' and airoyyog, 'a sponge.' A white, fungous tu- mour of the joints. ARTHROTRAU'MA, from apSpov, 'a joint,' and rpavpa, 'a wound.' A wound of a joint. AR'TIA. According to some, this word is sy- nonymous with apmpia; others use it synony- mously with Trachea. ARTIOHAUT, Cvnara scolymus. ARTICHOKE, Cvnara scolymus. ARTICLE, Articulation. ARTICOCALUS, Cynara scolymus. ARTICULAR, Articula'ria: from artus, 'a joint;' artieulus, 'a small joint.' That which re- lates to the articulations;—as the articular cap- sules, &c. Articular Arteries op the Arm, Circum- flex arteries of the arm. 16 ARTICULATIO 107 ARYTJ2NA Artic'ular Ar'teries op the Knee arise from the popliteal artery, and surround the tibio- femoral articulation. Although of a small size, they are important, as they furnish blood to the lower extremity after the operation for popliteal aneurism. They are distinguished into superior and inferior. The superior articular arteries, popliteal articular arteries, are commonly three in number; one of which is internal, another ex- ternal, and another middle, the az'ygous artic'- ular. The first, Ramus anastomot'icus magnus, anastomoses by one branch with the external cir- cumflex ; and by another with the external supe- rior articular. The second anastomoses with the external circumflex, the superior internal arti- cular, and the inferior external articular; and the third is distributed within the joint. The in- ferior articular arteries are two in number: an internal and external. The former anastomoses with the internal superior articular and the ex- ternal inferior articular. The latter anastomoses with the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial, and the external superior articular. To each articular artery there is an articular nerve. Artic'ular Facettes' are the contiguous surfaces, by means of which the bones are arti- culated. Articular Processes, see Vertebras. Artic'ular Veins of the knee follow the same course as the arteries. ARTICULATIO, Articulation—a.'Artificialis, Pseudarthrosis—a. Notha, Pseudarthrosis. ARTICULA'TION, Joint, Articula'tio, Ar- throsis, Assarthro'sis, Artic'ulus, Junctu'ra, Oola, Oonjunc'tio, Nodus, Commissu'ra, Oompa'ges, Syntax'is, Har'mus, Vertic'ula, Vertic'ulus, Ver- tic'ulum, (F.) Articulation, Article. Same ety- mon. The union of bones with each other, as well as the kind of union. table op articulations. Articulations are generally divided into Diar- throses or moveable articulations, and Synar- throses or immoveable. fl. Amphiarthrosis. 2. Diarthrosis, orbicu- j Enarthrosis. lar vague. ) Arthrodia. 3. Alternative or Ginglymus, which ( admits of varieties. f 1. Suture. c, _.. 12. Hannonv. Synarthroses. v^ig, 'pulse,' Defec'tusPulsus, Acrotis'mus, Sidera'tio, Sydera'- tio. For a long time, Asphyxia was confined to the sense of ' suspension of circulation or Syn- cope.' It now generally means suspended ani- mation, produced by the nonconversion of the venous blood of the lungs into arterial Ap- nce'a, Apneus'tia, Apnceasphyx'ia, Anhmmato'- sia, Ec'lysis pneumo-cardlaca. Owing to the supply of air being cut off, the unchanged venous blood of +he pulmonary artery passes into the minute radicles of the pulmonary veins, but their peculiar excitability requiring arterial blood to excite them, stagnation takes place in the pul- monary radicle', and death occurs entefly from this cause, — not owing to venous blood being distributed through the system, and ' poisoning' it, as was the idea of Bichat. Oarus asphyx'ia, Mors appa'rens, Mors putati'va, Pseudothan'atos, Apparent death, (F.) Mart apparente, is charac- terized by suspension of respiration, of the cere- bral functions, Ac. Several varieties of Asphyxia have been designated. 1. Asphyx'ia OF the Xew-Born, A. neonato'- rum. This is often dependent upon the feeble condition of the infant, not permitting respiration to be established. 2. Asphy'ia by Noxious Inhala'tion or in- halation of gases, some of which cause death by producing a spasmodic closure of the glottis : others by the want of oxygen, and others are positively deleterious or poisonous. 3. Asphyx'ia by Strangula'tion or Suffoca'- tian; produced by mechanical impediment to respiration, as in strangulation. 4. Asphyx'ia by Submer'sion, A. by drown- ing, A. Immerso'rum, as occurs in the drowned, who perish in consequence of the medium in which they are plunged, being unfit for respira- tion. See Submersion. Mr. Chevalier has used the term Asphyx'ia Idiopath'ica, for fatal syncope owing to relaxa- tion of the heart. See Suffocation. Asphyx'ia Immersorum, A. by submersion— a. Local:—see Gangrene—a. Neonatorum, A. of the new-born—a. Pestilenta: — see Cholera—a. Pestilential:—see Cholera. ASPHYX'IAL. Relating to asphyxia—as 'ae- phyxial phenomena.' ASPHYXIE DES PARTIES, Gangrene— a. Lente des nouveau-nes, Induration of the cel- lular tissue. ASPHYX'IED, Asphyxiated, same etymon. In a state of asphyxia. ASPIC, Aspis; also, Lavendula. ASPIDISCOS, Sphincter ani externus. ASPID'IUM ATHAMAN'TICUM. A South African fern, Nat. Ord. Filices, which is pos- sessed of anthelmintic properties. Its caudex, in the form of powder, infusion, or electuary, has been found excellent in helminthiasis, and espe- cially in tapeworm. Aspidium Coriaceum, Calagualae radix—a. Depastum, Polypodium filix mas—a. Discolor, see Calagualae radix — a. Erosum, Polypodium filix mas—a. Filix foemina, Asplenium filix foemina— a. Ferrugineum, see Calagualae radix — a. Filix mas, Polypodium filix mas. ASPIRATIO, Inspiration. ASPIRA'TION, Adspira'tio, Aspira'tio, from aspirare (ad and spirare) ' to breathe.' The French sometimes use the term synonymously with inspiration. It also means the act of at- tracting or sucking like a pump. Imbibition. Also, the pronunciation of a vowel with a full breath. ASPIS, aatrig. A name given by the ancients to a venomous serpent—the ^Egyptian viper of Lac6pede, (F.) Aspic. Its bite is very dangerous, and it is supposed to have been the reptile which Cleopatra used for her destruction. ASPLE'NIUM, from a, priv., and anXnv, ' the spleen.' Spleen wort, Miltxcaste. Asplenium Aureum, A. ceterach. Asple'nium Cet'erach, A. au'reum. seu lati- fo'lium, Gymnogram'me ceterach, Doradil'la, Blechnum squamo'sum, Scolopen'dria, Athyr'ion, Cet'erach officina'rum seu canarien'sis, Grammi'- tes cet'erach seu au'rea, Gynop'teris ceterach, Vit- ta'ria ceterach, (F.) Doradille. Supposed to be subastringent and mucilaginous, and has been recommended as a pectoral. It has also been given in calculous cases. Asple'nium Filix Fce'mina, Polypo'dium filix famina, P. molle seu denta'tum seu inci'sum seu trif'idum, Aspidium filix foemina, Athyr'ium filix fmmina seu molle seu ora'tum seu trif'idum, Pte- ris palus'tris, Female fern, Spleenwort, (F.) Fou- gere femelle. The root of this plant resembles that of the male fern, and is said to possess simi- lar anthelmintic virtues. The name female fern is also given to Pteris aquilina. ASPREDO 111 ASTHMA Asplenium Latifolium, A. ceterach—a. Mu- rale, A. ruta—a. Obtusum, A. ruta muraria. Asple'nium Ruta Mura'ria, A. mura'le seu obtu'sum, Paronychia, Phyllltis ruta mura'ria, Scolopen'drium ruta mura'ria, Wallrue, White Maidenhair, Tentwort, Adian'tum album, Ruta mura'ria, Salvia Vitm, (F.) Rue des murailles, Sauve-vie. Used in the same cases as the last. Asple'nium Scolopen'drium, Scoloperidrium officina'rum seu lingua seu phylli'tis seu vulga'- re, Scolopen'dra, Scolopetldria, Hart's Tongue, S])leenwort, Phylli'tis, Lingua cervi'na Blechnum lignifo'lium, (F.) Scolopendre, Langue de cerf. Properties like the last. Asi'le'nium Trichomanoi'des, A. Trichom'- anes, Phylli'tis rotundifo'lia, Calyphyllum, Tri- chom'anes, T. crena'ta, Adian'tum rubrum, Com- mon Maidenhair, Polylrichum commu'ne, (F.) Polytric. Properties like the last. ASPREDO, Trachoma—a. Miliacea, Miliary fever. ASPRELE, Hippuris vulgaris. ASS AGO U, Hura Brasiliensis. ASSA DOUX, Benjamin—a. Dulcis, Benja- min—a. Odorata, Benjamin. ASSABA. A Guinea shrub, whose leaves are considered capable of dispersing buboes. ASSAFETIDA, Asafoetida. ASSAFG3TIDA, Asafoetida. ASSAIERET. A compound of bitter, stoma- chic, and purgative medicines in the form of pill. —Avicenna. A SSA1SONNEMENT, Condiment ASSAKUR, Saceharum. ASSALA, see Mvristica moschata. ASSARTHROSIS, Articulation. ASSA'TIO, Opte'sis The boiling of food or medicines in their own juice, without the addi- tion of any liquid. Various kinds of cooking by heat.—Galen. ASSELLA, Axilla. AS'SERAC, Assis. A preparation of opium or of some narcotic, used by the Turks as an ex- citant. ASSERCULUM, Splint. ASSERVATION, Conservation. ASSES' MILK, see Milk, asses. Asses' Milk, Artificial, see Milk, asses. AS'SIDEXS, from ad. 'to,' and sedere, 'to be •eated.' That which accompanies or is concomi- -ant. An epithet applied to the accessory symp- toms, Aasiden'tia signa, and general phenomena ASSIDENTIA SIGNA, see Assidens. ASSIMILA'TION, Assimila'tio, Simila'tio, Appropria'tio, Exomoio'sis, Homoio'sis, Threpsia, Threp'tice: from assimilare, (ad, and similare,) 'to render similar.' The act by which living bodies appropriate and transform into their own substance matters with which they may be placed in contact. ASSIS, Asserac AS'SIUS LAPIS, A'sius Lapis. A sort of stone or earth found near the town of Assa in the Troad, which had the property of destroying proud flesh. ASSODES, Asodes. ASSOUPISSEMENT, Somnolency. ASSOUROX, see Myrais Pimenta. ASSUETUDO, Habit. ASSULA, Splint. ASSULTUS, Attack. ASSUMPTIO, Prehension. ASTACI FLUVIATILIS CONCREMENTA, Cancrorum chelae. ASTACUS FLUVIATILIS, Crab. ASTAKILLOS, Araneum ulcus. ASTARZOF. An ointment, composed of li- tharge, frog's spawn, Ac. Also, camphor, dis- solved in rose water.—Paracelsus. ASTASIA, Dysphoria. ASTER ATTICUS, Bubonium. Aster Cordifolius, Heart-leaved Aster, A. Puniceus, Rough-stemmed Aster, and other indi- genous species, Order Composites, possess aro- matic properties. Aster Dysentericus, Inula dysenterica—a. Heart-leaved, A. cordifolius—a. Helenium, Inula Helenium — a. Inguinalis, Eryngium campestre — a. Officinalis, Inula helenium. Aster, Rough-Stemmed, A. Puniceus — a. Undulates, Inula dysenterica. ASTE'RIA GEMMA, Aste'rius, Astroi'tes, As'- trios, Astrob'olus. The ancients attributed ima- ginary virtues to this stone,—that of dispersing Navi Materni, for example. ASTERIAS LIITEA, Gentiana lutea. ASTEROCEPHALUS SUCCISA, Scabiosa ASTHENES, Infirm. ASTHENIA, Vis imminu'ta, from a, priv., and cSevog, 'force,' 'strength.' Want of strength, debility. (F.) Affaiblissement. Infirmity. A word used in this sense by Galen, and employed, especially by Brown, to designate debility of the whole economy, or diminution of the vital forces. He distinguished it into direct and indirect: the former proceeding from diminution of stimuli; the latter from exhaustion of incitability by the abuse of stimuli. Asthenia Deglutitionis, Pharyngoplegia—a. Pectoralis, Angina Pectoris. ASTHENICOPYRA, Fever, adynamic. ASTIIEXICOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic. ASTHENOPIA, Debilitas visus, (F.) Affai- blissement de la Vue, from a, priv., oBevog, 'strength,' and a>\p, 'the eye.' Weakness of sight; Weak-sightedness. ASTHENOPYRA, Fever, adynamic, Typhus. ASTHEXOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic. ASTHMA, from aadpa, 'laborious breathing;' from ao>, ' I respire.' A. spas'ticum adulto'rum, A. Senio'rum, A. Convulsi'vum, A. spas'ticum in- termiltens, Dyspnce'a et orthopnce'a convulni'ra, Malum Cadu'cum pulmo'num, Broken-windedness, Nervous asthma, (F.) Asthme, A. nerveux. Diffi- culty of breathing, recurring at intervals, accom- panied with a wheezing sound and sense of con- striction in the chest; cough and expectoration. Asthma is a chronic disease, and not curable with facility. Excitant and narcotic antispas- modics are required. There are no pathognomonic physical signs of asthma. In some cases, the respiration is uni- versally puerile during the attack. In the spas- modic form, the respiratory murmur is very feeble or absent during the fit; and in all forms percus- sion elicits a clear pulmonary sound. The disease generally consists in some source of irritation, and occasionally, perhaps, in paralysis of the pneu- mogastric nerves, Bronchoparaly'sis, Paraly'sia nervi vagi in parte thorac"ica, more frequently of the former — all the phenomena indicating constriction of the smaller bronchial ramifica- tions. The treatment is one that relieves spas- modic action—narcotics, counter-irritants, change of air, Ac. Asthma Acu'tum, of Millar, A. spas'ticum in- fan'tum, Cynan'che Trachea'lis spasmod'iea, (F.) Asthme aigu. Probably, spasmodic croup. (?) See Asthma Thymicum. Asthma Aerium, Pneumothorax—a. Ae'rium ab Emphysemate Pulmonum, Emphysema of the Lungs—a. Arthriticum, Angina Pectoris. Asthma, Cardiac. Dyspnoea dependent upon disease of the heart. ASTHMATIC 112 ASTYPHIA Asthma Conv^lsivum, .ingina pectoris — a. Diaphragmaticum, Angina Pectoris — a. Dolori- ficum, Angina pectoris — a. Emphysematicum, Pneumothorax. Asthma, Grinders', Grinders' Rot. The ag- gregate of functional phenomena, induced by the inhalation of particles thrown off during the operation of grinding metallic instruments, Ac. The structural changes induced are enlargement of the bronchial tubes, expansion of the pulmo- nary tissue, and phthisis. Asthma Gypseum, A. pulverulentum—a. Hay, Fever, hay. Asthma Hu'midum, Humid, Common, or Spit- ting asthma, is when the disease is accompanied with expectoration. It is also called A. humo- ra'le, A. flatulen'tum, A. pneumon'icum, Blenno- tho'rax chroti'icus, Ac. Asthma Infantum, Cynanche trachealis—a. Infantum Spasmodicum, A. Thymicum—a. Kop- pian, A. Thymicum — a. Laryngeum Infantum, A. Thymicum—a. Montanum, A. pulverulentum —a. Nervous, Asthma—a. Nocturnum, Incubus. Asthma Pulverulen'tum, A. gyp'seum, A. monta'num. The variety of asthma to which millers, bakers, grinders and others are subject. Asthma Siccum, so called when the paroxysm is sudden, violent, and of short duration; cough slight, and expectoration scanty; spasmodic con- striction. Asthma Spastico-Arthriticum Inconstans, Angina pectoris — a. Spasticum Infantum, A. Thymicum. Asthma Thy'micum, A. T. Kop'pii, A. spas'ti- cum infan'tum, A. infan'tum spasmo'dicum, Thy- masth'ma, Cynan'che trachea'lis spasmod'ica, Spasmus glot'tidis, Asthma larynge'um infan'- tum, A. intermiltens infan'tum, A. Dentien'tium, A. period'icum acu'tum, Koppian Asthma, Thymic Asthma, Laryngis'mus strid'ulus, Laryngo-spas- mus, Apnce'a infan'tum, Spasm of the larynx, Spasm of the glottis, Croup-like inspiration of in- fants, Child-crowing, Spasmodic croup, Pseudo- croup, Spu'rious croup, Cer'ebral croup, Suffocat- ing nervous catarrh, (F.) Laryngite striduleuse, Faux Croup, Pseudo-croup nerveux, Spasme de la Glotte et du Thorax. A disease of infants, cha- racterized by suspension of respiration at inter- vals ; great difficulty of breathing, especially on waking, swaljDwing, or crying; ending often in a fit of suffocation, with convulsions. The patho- logy of the disease has been supposed to consist in an enlargement of the thymus gland, or of the glands of the neck pressing on the pneumo- gastric nerves. (?) The ear, on auscultation, at a distance from the chest, detects an incomplete, acute, hissing inspiration, or rather cry; whilst the expiration and voice are croupal, both at the accession and termination of the paroxysm. The heart's action has been observed to be distinct and feeble. These symptoms are often accompanied by ri- gidity of the fingers and toes; the thumb being frequently drawn forcibly into the palm of the clenched hand, whence the name Carpo-pedal spasm, applied, at times, to the disease. Asthma Typicum. Asthma characterized by periodicity. Asthma Uteri, Hysteria—a. Weed, Lobelia inflate. ASTHMAT'IC, Asthmat'icus, Pnoocolyt'icus, Affected with asthma. Relating to asthma. ASTHME AIGU, Asthma acutum— a. Ner- t.eax, Asthma. AS'TOMUS, from a, privative, and oropa, 'a mouth.' One without a mouth. Pliny speaks of a people in India without mouths, who live anhelatu et odore.' ASTRAGALE COL D', Collum astragali. ASTRAGALOIDES SYPHILITICA, Astra- galus exscapus. ASTRAG'ALUS, Talus, the Ankle, Qiia'trio, Quar'tio, Quater'nio, Diab'ebos, Peza, Cavic'ida, Gavilla, Tetro'ros, As'trion, Os Ballist'm, from aorpayaXog, 'a die,' which it has been considered to resemble. (?) A short bone situate at the su- perior and middle part of the tarsus, where it is articulated with the tibia. It is the ankle bone, sling bone, or first bone of the foot. The anterior surface is convex, and has a well-marked promi- nence, supported by a kind of neck, and hence has been called the head of the astragalus. The astragalus is developed by two points of ossifica- tion. Astrag'alus Exs'capus, AstragaloV'des sy- philitica, Stemless Milk-vetch, (F.) Astragale & gousses velus. Nat. Ord. Leguminosa>. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. The root is said to have cured confirmed syphilis. Astrag'alus Tragacanthus, see Tragacanth. Astrag'alus Verus, Spina hirei, Astrag'alus aculea'tus, Goat's thorn, Milk-vetch. The plant which affords Gum Trag'acanth. See Traga- canth a. ASTRANTIA, Imperatoria—a. Diapensia, Sa- nicula. AS'TRAPE, Corusca'tio, Fxdgur, Fulvien, Lightning. Galen reckons it amongst the re- mote causes of epilepsy. ASTRIC'TION, Astric'tio, Stypsis, Adstric'tio, Oonstric'tio, from astrtngere, (ad and stringere,) ' to constringe.' Action of an astringent sub- stance on the animal economy. ASTRICTORIA, Astringents. ASTRIXGEXT ROOT, Comptonia aspleni- folia. ASTRIXGENTS, Astringen'tia, Adstricto'ria, Adstringen'tia, Stryphna, Catastaltiea, Constrin- gen'tia, Contrahen'tia, Stegno'tica, Syncrit'ica, Astricto'ria. Same etymon. Medicines which have the property of constringing the organic textures. External astringents are called Styp- tics. The following are the chief astringents: Aci- dum Sulphuricum, A. Tannieum, Alumen, Ar- genti Nitras, Cateehu, Crcasoton, Cupri Sul- phas, Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, Liquor Ferri, Xitra- tis, Ferri Sulphas, Gallae, Ilaematoxylon, Kino, Krameria, Liquor Calcis, Plumbi Acetas, Quercus Alba, Quercus Tinctoria, Zinci Sulphas, ASTRIOX, Astragalus. ASTRIOS, Asteria gemma. ASTROBLES, from aorpov, 'a star,' and (taXXw, ' I strike.' One struck bj^ the stars (sidera'tus.) One who is in a state of sideration — in an apo- plectic state.—Gorrasus. A S T R 0 B 0 LIS 'M U S, Heliosis, Helio'sis ; same etymology. Sidera'tion or action of the stars on a person. Apoplexy. — Theophrastus, Gorraeus. ASTROBOLOS, Asteria gemma. ASTROITIS, Asteria gemma. ASTROL'OGY, Astrolog"ia, from atrrpov, 'a star,' and Xoyog, ' a discourse.' The art of divin- ing by inspecting the stars. This was formerly considered to be a part of medicine; and was called Judicial Astrology, to distinguish it from astronomy. ASTRON'OMY, Astronom'ia, from aarpov, 'a star,' and vopog, 'a law,' 'rule.' A science which makes known the heavenly phenomena, and the laws that govern them. Hippocrates places this and astrology amongst the necessary studies of a physician. ASTRUTHIUM, Imperatoria, ASTYPHIA, Impotence. ASTYSIA ASTYSIA, Impotence. ASUAR, Myrobalanus Indica. ASULCI, Lapis lazuli. ASYNODIA, Impotence. ATACTOS, Erratic. ATARACTAPOIE'SIA, Ataractopoe'sia, from o, privative, rapanrog, 'troubled,' and irouiv, 'to make.' Intrepidity, firmness; a quality of which, according to Hippocrates, the physician ought to be possessed in the highest degree. ATARAX'IA, from a, privative, and rapa^ig, 'trouble,' 'emotion.' Moral tranquillity, peace of mind. AT'AVISM, from atavus, 'an old grandsire or ancestor, indefinitely.' The case in which an anomaly or disease, existing in a family, is lost in one generation and reappears in the following. ATAX'IA, from a, privative, and ra£ig, 'order.' Disorder, irregularity. Hippocrates employs the word in its most extensive acceptation. Galen applies it, especially, to irregularity of pulse; and Sydenham speaks of Ataxia Spirituum for disorder of the nervous system. Ataxia, now, usually means the state of disorder that charac- terizes nervous fevers, and the nervous condition. Ataxia Spirituum, Nervous diathesis. See Ataxia. ATAX'IC. Atax'icus ; same etymon. Having the characters of ataxia. ATCHAR, A'chia, Aehar. A condiment used in India. It is formed of green fruits of various kinds, — garlic, ginger, mustard, and pimento, pickled in vinegar. ATECXIA. Sterilitas. ATELECTASIS, from areXVg, 'imperfect, de- fective,' and exrairig, ' dilatation.' Imperfect ex- pansion or dilatation ; as in Atelectasis Pulmo'ntm, Pneumomatelec'ta- sis, Pneumatelec'tasis. Imperfect expansion of the lungs at birth, from areXr/g, 'imperfect,' and txraoig, 'dilatation.' Giving rise to Cyano'sis pulmona'lis. AT'ELES, areXtjg, 'imperfect, defective.'— Hence„ ATELOCHEI'LIA, from anXng, 'imperfect,' and £«Aoy, 'lip.' A malformation which con- sists in an imperfect development of the lip. ATELOEXCEPHAL'IA, from. areXng, 'imper- fect,'and eyKctpaXov, 'the encephalon.' State of Imperfect development of the brain.—Andral. ATELOGLOS'SIA, from anXVg, 'imperfect,' and yXwova, '-tongue.' A malformation which consists in an imperfect development of the tongue. ATELOGNA'THIA, from areXrrg, 'imperfect,' and yvados, 'the jaw.' A malformation which consists in an imperfect development of the jaw. ATELOMYEL'IA, from anXng, 'imperfect,' and iiveXog, 'marrow. State of imperfect deve- lopment of the spinal marrow.—Beclard. ATELOPROSO'PIA, from artXng, 'imperfect,' and npoaumov, 'the face.' A malformation which consists in imperfect development of the face. ATELORxiCHIDIA, Hydrorachis. A T E L 0 S T 0 M' I A, from, ar.iX>ig, ' imperfect,' and crapa, 'mouth.' One whose mouth is im- perfectly developed. ATErTSUCCUS, Atrabilis. ATHAMAN'TA, from Athamas,. a place in Thessaly. A genus of plants. Athamanta Annua, A. Cretensis. Athaman 'ta Aureoseli'num, Oreoseli'num, 0. legit'imum seu nigrum, Seli'wum oreoseli'num, Peuced'anum oreoseli'num, Apium monta'num,. Black Mountain Parsley, (F.) Persil de Mon- tague. The plant, seed and roots, are aromatic. It has been considered attenuant, ai erient, deob- 3 ATLAS struent, and lithontripic. The distilled oil has been used in toothach. Athaman'ta Creten'sis seii Greti'ca, A. am!- nua, Libano'tis annua seu Creten'sis seu hirsu'ta, Daucus Creticus; D. Candia'nus, Myrrhis an'nua, Candy Carrot. The seeds of this plant are acrid and aromatic. They have been used as carmina- tives and diuretics. Athamanta Macedonica, Bubon Maeedoni- cum—a. Meum, ASthusa meum. ATHANASIA, Tanacetum. Athana'sia, from o, privative, and Savarog, 'death.' An antidote for diseases of the liver, jaundice, gravel, Ac. It consisted of saffron, cinnamon, lavender, cassia, myrrh,, juncus odo- ratus, honey, Ac, and was esteemed to be sudo- rific. ATHARA, Athera.. ATHELAS'MUS, from a, privative, and 6nM, 'a breast or nipple.' Impracticability of giving suck ; from want of nipple or otherwise. ATIIELXIS, Sucking. ATHE'NA. Name of a plaster, recommended by Asclepiades,.and composed of oxide of copper, sublimed oxide of zinc, sal ammoniac, verdigris, gall nuts, and a variety of resinous and other in- gredients.—Oribasius, Aetius, and P. Aigineta. ATHENIO'NIS CATAPO'TIUM. A pill, composed of myrrh, pepper, castor, and opium; used to allay coughing,:—Celsus. ATHE'RA, Atha'ra, from aBnp, 'an ear of corn.' A kind of pap for children: also, a kind of liniment.—Dioscorides, Pliny. ATHERAPEUTUS, Incurable. ATHERO'MA, from aSnpa, 'pap or pulp,' En- phy'ma encys'tis athero'ma, Mollus'aum, Pulta'tio. A tumour formed by a cyst containing matter like pap or Bouillie. ATHEROMATOUS, Atheromatoses. Having the nature of Atheroma. ATHLE'TA, from aSXae, 'combat.' Athletee were men who exercised themselves in combat at the public festivals.—Vitruvius. ATHLET'IG, Athlel icus ; concerning Athletm. Strong in muscular powers.—Foesius. ATHORACOCEPHALUS. Acephalogaster. ATHRIX, At'richus; from a, privative, and Gpi^r rpixog, 'hair.' Bald. One who has lost his hair. Athrix Depilis, Alopecia. ATHYM'IA, An'imi dcfec'tus et. anxi'etas, An'imi demis'sio, Tristil'ia, Maror, Lype, from a, priv., and Svp'og, ' heart,' ' courage.' Des- pondency. The prostration of spirits often ob- servable in the sick.—Hippocrates. Melancholy. —Swediaur. See Panophobia. Athymia Pleonectica, see Pleonectica. ATHYRION,. Asplenium ceterach. ATIIYRIUM FILIX FCEMINA, Asplenium filix fcemina—a. Filix mas, Polypodium filix mas —a. Molle, Asplenium filix fcemina—a. Ovatum, Asplenium filix foemina—a. Trifidum, A«>pknium filix foemina. ATLANTAD, see Atlanta!. ATLAX'TAL; same etymon as Atlaj. Re- lating or appertaining to the atlas.. Atlantal Aspect. An aspect towards the region whore the atlas is situated. — Barclay. Atlantad is used by the same writer to signify ' towards the atlantal aspect.' Atlantal Extremities. The upper limbs. ATLAXTIOX, Atlas. ATLAS, Atlan'tion, from arXaoi, 'I sustain. The first cervical ver'tebra ; so called, from its supporting the whole weight of the head, aa Atlas is said to have supported the globe on his shoulders. Chaussier calls it Atloid. This ver- 11 ATLOIDO-AXOID 114 ATROPA tebra in no respect resembles the others. It is a kind of irregular ring, into which, anteriorly, the processus dentatus of the second vertebra is received. Posteriorly, it gives passage to the medulla spinalis. ATLOID'O-AXOID, (F.) Atldido-axdidien. Relating to both the Atlas and the Axis or Ver- tebra Dentate. Ati.oido-axoid Articulation. The articula- tion between the first two cervical vertebrae. Atloido-Axoid Lig'aments. These are two in number; one anterior and another posterior, passing between the two vertebrae. ATLOID'O-OCCIP'ITAL. Relating to the atlas and occiput. The Atlot'do-oecip'ital Arti- cula'tion is formed by the condyles of the occi- pital bone and the superior articular surfaces of the Atlas. The Atloido-occipital muscle is the Rectus capitis posticus minor. ATLOtDO-SOUS-MASTOIDIEN, Obliquus superior oculi—a. Sous-occipitale, Rectus capitis lateralis. ATMIATRI'A, Atmidiat'rice, from avpas, 'va- pour,' and tarpeta, 'treatment.' Treatment of diseases by fumigation. ATMIDIATRICE, Atmiatria. ATMISTERION, Vaporarium. ATMOS, Breath. AT'MOSPHERE, Atmosphm'ra, from a-yiog, ' vapour,' and eipaipa, ' a sphere :' — as it were, Sphere of vapoxirs. The atmosphere is a sphe- rical mass of air, surrounding the earth in every part; the height of which is estimated at 15 or 16 leagues. It presses on the surface of the earth, and this pressure has, necessarily, .sensible effects on organized bodies. The surface of the human body being reckoned at 15 square feet, it is computed that a pressure of 33,000 pounds or more exists under ordinary circumstances; and this pressure cannot be increased or diminished materially, without modifying the circulation and all the functions. ATMOSPHERIZATION, Hsematosis. ATOCIA, Sterilitis. ATOL'MIA, from a, priv., and roXpa, 'confi- dence.' Want of confidence; discouragement. A state of mind, unfavourable to health, and in- jurious in disease. It is the antithesis of Eu- tol'mia. ATOXIA, Atony—a. Ventriculi, Gasterasthe- nia. AT'ONY, Atou'ia, Infir'miias et Remia'sio vi'- rium, Languor, Lax'itas, from a, priv., and rovog, 'tone,' 'force.' Want of tone. Weakness of every organ, and particularly of those that are contractile. Violent gastritis has been described by Scribonius Largus :under a similar name, A.tovuv, At'onon. ATRABIL'IARY, Atrabilious, Atrabilia'ris, Atrabilio'sus, from ater, '(black,' and bills, 'bile.' An epithet given by the ancients to the melan- cholic and hypochondriac, because they believed the Atrabilis to predominate in such. Atrabiliary Capsules, Arteries and Veins. The renal capsules, arteries and veins; the for- mation of Atrabilis having been attributed to them. ATRABI'LIS, same etymon, Ater auccus, Black Bile or melancholy. According to the an- cients, a thick, black, acrid humour, secreted, in the opinion of some, by the pancreas; in that of others, by the supra-renal capsules. Hippo- crates, Galen, Aetius, and others, ascribe great Influence to the Atrabilis in the production of hypochondriasis, melancholy, and mania. There is really no such humour. It was an imaginary creation.—Aretasus, Rufus of Ephesus, Ac ATRACHELOCEPH'ALUS, from a, priv., rpaxnXog, 'neck,' and KeipaXn, 'head.' A monster whose neck is partially or wholly deficient. ATRACHE'LUS. Same etymon. One who is very short-necked.—Galen. ATRAC'TYLIS GUMMLF'ERA, Car'duua pi'neus, Ixine, Gummy-rooted Atractylis, Pine Thistle. The root, when wounded, yields a milky, viscid juice, which concretes into tena- cious masses, and is said to be chewed with the same views as mastich. ATRAGENE, Clematis vitalba. ATRAMEN'TUM, A. Suto'rium, Ink, Calcan'< thon, (F.) Encre. It has been advised as an as- tringent, and as an external application in her* petic affections. Atramentum Sutorium, Ferri sulphas. ATRESIA, Adherence, Imperforation. See Monster. Atre'sia Ani Adna'ta, Anus Imperforatus, Imperfora'tio ani, (F.) Imperforation de I'anus. Congenital imperforation of the intestinal canal. ATRETISMUS, Imperforation. ATRETOCEPH'ALUS, from arpnrog, 'imper- forate,' and KttpaXn, 'head.' A monster, in which some of the natural apertures of the head are wanting.—Gurlt. ATRETOCOR'MUS, from arpnrog, 'imperfo- rate,' and jcoppog, 'trunk.' A monster in which the natural apertures of the trunk are wanting.— Gurlt. . ATRE'TUS, from a, priv., and rpa&>, 'I per- forate.' Imperfora'txis, Imperforate. One whose anus, or parts of generation, are imperforate, (aprnc'tus). AT'RICES. Small tumours, which appear oc- casionally around the anus. Some commentators consider the word to be synonymous with con- dylomata.—Forestus. ATRICHIA, Alopecia. ATRICHUS, Athrix. AT'RICI. Small sinuses in the vicinity of the anus, not penetrating the nectum. " ATRIP LEX F03TIDA, Chenopodium vul- varia. Atriplex Horten'shs, A. Sati'va, (F.) Ar- roche, Bonne Dame. The herb and seed of this plant have been exhibited as antiscorbutics. Alriphx alimus, A. Portulaco'i'des, and A. Pat'ula, are used as pickles, and have similar properties. _ At'riplex Mexicana, Chenopodium ambro- sioides — a. Odorata, Chenopodium botrys — a. Olida, Chenopodium vulvaria. ATRIUM CORDIS DEXTER, Sinus dexter cordis — a. Cordis sinistrum, Sinus pulmonalis— a. Vaginas, Vestibulum. AT'ROPA, from Arpoirof, 'immutable,' 'the goddess of destiny;' so called from its fatal effects. Atropa Belladon'na, Belladon'na, B. bac- cif'era seu trichot'oma, Deadly Nightshade, Sola'- num letha'le, Sola'num mani'acum, S. Furio'sum, Sola'num nulanocer'asus, (F.) Belladone, Morelle furieuse, Belle Dame. Nat. Ord. Solance. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. The leaves—Bel- ladonna (Ph. U. S.) are powerfully narcotic, and also diaphoretic, and diuretic. They are occa- sionally used where narcotics are indicated. Sprinkling the powdered leaves over cancerous sores has been found to allay the pain; and the leaves form a good poultice. Dose, gr. £ to gr. j of the powdered leaves. Atropa Mandrag'ora, Mandrag'ora, If. ver. na'lis seu officina'lis seu ncau'lia, Circm'o.Anthro- pomorph'us, Malum terres'tre, Mandrake. The ATROPHIA boiled root has been used in the form of poultice in indolent swellings. ATROPHIA, Atrophy, Tabes —a. Ablacteto- rum, Brash, weaning—a. Cerebri, Phrenatrophia —a. Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the—a. Glandula- ris, Tabes mesenterica — a. Hepatis, Hepatatro- phia — a. Infantum, Paedatrophia, Tabes mesen- terica— a. Intestinorum, Enteratrophia. Atrophia Lactan'tium, Tabes nutri'cum seu lac'tea. The atrophy of nursing women. Atrophia Lienis, Splenatrophia — a. Mesen- terica', Tabes mesenterica—a. Testiouli, Orchida- trophia. A TR OP HIE, Atrophy—a. Mesenterique, Tabes mesenterica. ATROPHIED, see Atrophy. AT'ROPHY, Maras'mus Atro'phia, Atro'phia Maras'mus, Ma'cies, Contabescen'tia, Tabes, Mar- eo'res, Analo'sis, from a, privative, and rpoipn, 'nourishment.' (F.)Atrophic,Dessechement. Pro- gressive and morbid diminution in the bulk of the whole body or of a part. Atrophy is gene- rally symptomatic. Any tissue or organ thus affected is said to be atrophied. Atrophy of the Heart, see Heart, atrophy of the. AT'ROPINE, Atroplna, Atro'pia, Atro'pium, Atropi'num, (F.) Atropine. The active principle of Atropa Belladonna, separated by Brandes, by a process similar to that for procuring morphia. ATTACHE, Insertion. ATTACK, Insultus, Assultus, Irrep'tio, Inva'- eio, Eis'bole, Lepsis, (F.) Attaque. A sudden attack, invasion or onset of a disease. A seizure. ATTAGAS, Attagen. AT'TAGEX, At'tagas, the Fran'colin. Cele- brated with the ancients both as food and medi- cine.—Martial, Aristophanes. ATTAXCOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A mineral water in France, at Attancourt, in Champagne; about three leagues north of Join- ville. The water is a chalybeate, and contains sulphate of lime. In large doses it is purgative. ATTAQUE, Attack —a. des Nerfs, Nervous attack. ATTELLE, Splint. ATTEXOTING, MINERAL WATERS OF, in Bavaria. The water contains carbonic acid, carbonates of lime and soda, sulphates of lime and magnesia, chloride of sodium, iron, and alum. It is much used in skin diseases, fistula, old ul- cers, calculi, and hemorrhoids. ATTEX'UAXTS, Attenuan'tia, Leptun'tica, (F.) Leptontiques, from tenuis, 'thin.' Medicines which augment the fluidity of the humours. ATTEXUA'TION, Attenua'tio ; same etymon. Thinness, emaciation. A term used by the ho- moeopathists in the sense of dilution or division of remedies into infinitesimal doses. ATTIRANT, Attrahent. AT'TITUDE, Situs Cor'poris. Low Latin, aptitudo; from Latin apt are, 'to fit.' Situation, position of the body. The attitudes are the dif- ferent postures which man is capable of assum- ing. In General Pathology, the attitude will often enable the physician to pronounce at once upon the character of a disease, or it will aid him materially in his judgment. In St. Vitus's dance, in fractures, luxations, Ac, it is the great index. It will also indicate the degree of nervous or cerebral power; hence the sinking down in bed is an evidence of great cerebral debility in fever. The position of a patient during an operation is also an interesting subject of attention to the surgeon. ATTOL'LENS AUREM, Attol'lens Auric'ulm, Leva'tor Auris, Supe'rior Auris, Attol'lens Au- ric'ulam, Auricula'ria aupe'rior, (F.) Auriculairc aupSrieur, Temporo-auriculaire. A muscle of 5 AUDITORY the ear, which arises, thin, broad, and tendinous, from the tendon of the occipito-frontalis, and ia inserted into the upper part of the ear, opposite to the anti-helix. It raises the ear. Attollens Oculi, Rectus superior oculi — a. Oculum, Rectus superior oculi. A TTO UGH EM E NT, Masturbation. ATTRACTION OF AGGREGATION, Cohe- sion, force of. ATTRACTIVUM, see Magnet. ATTRACTIVUS, Attrahent. ATTRACTORIUS, Attrahent. ATTRAHEXS AURICULAM, Anterior auris. AT'TRAHEXT, At'trahens, Attractlvus, At- tracto'rius, from ad, ' to,' and traho, ' I draw.' (F.) Attractif, Attirant. Remedies are so called, which attract fluids to the parts to which they are applied, as blisters, rubefacients, Ac ATTRAPE-LOURDAUT, (F.) A bistoury invented by a French surgeon, called Biennaise, and used in the operation for hernia. See Bis- touri cache. ATTRITA, Chafing. ATTRITIO, Attrition, Chafing. ATTRIT"IOX, Attril'io, Ecthlim'ma, from ad, and terere, ' to bruise.' Friction or bruising. Chafing.— Galen. Also, a kind of cardialgia.— Sennertus. Likewise, a violent contusion. ATTRITUS, Chafing. ATYP'IC, Atyp'ieus, At'ypos, from a, priva- tive, and rvirog, 'type.' That which has no type. Irregular. Chiefly applied to an irregular inter- mittent,—Febris atypica. ATYPOS, Erratic AUANSIS, Drying. AUAN'TE, Anap'se, from avavaig, 'desicca- tion.' Hippocrates gave this name to a disease, the principal symptom of whieh was emaciation. Atrophy. A UBE- VIGNE, Clematis vitalba. A UREPINE, Mespilus oxyacantha. AUBERGINE, Solanum Melongena. AUBIFOIN, Cyanus segetum. AUCHEN, Collum. AUCIIEXORRIIEUMA, Torticollis. AUCHE'TICIIS, from avxw, 'the neck.' One affected with stiff neck or torticollis. AUDE, Voice. AUDINAC, MIXERAL WATERS OF. Au- dinac is situate in the department of Arriege, France. The water contains a small quantity of sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, sulphates of lime and magnesia, carbonates of lime and iron, and a bituminous substance. Temp. 67° Fahr. It is much used in chronic rheumatism, herpes, scrofulous diseases, Ac. AUDIT"ION, from audire, 'to hear;' Audit"io, Andi'tus, A'coe, Acro'ama, Acro'asis, Acoe'sis, Acu'sis. Hearing. The act of hearing, The sensation arising from an impression made on the auditory nerves by the vibrations of the air, produced by a sonorous body. The physi- ology of Audition is obscure. It probably takes place :—1. By the vibrations being communicated from the membrana tympani along the chain of small bones to the membrane of the foramen ovale, 2. By means of the air in the cavity of the tympanum, the membrane of the foramen rotunduin is agitated. 3. The transmission may be made by means of the bony parietes. In these three ways the vibrations produced by a sonorous body may reach the auditory nerve. Audition may be active or paaaive : hence the difference between listening and simply hearing AU'DITORY, Audita'rius, Andiii'vus, Acus'- ticus. That which relates to audition. Auditory Arteries and Vdins, ate vessels which enter the auditory canals, and are, like 11 AUGE 116 AURICULAR them, distinguished into internal and external. The external auditory artery, A. Tympanique— (Ch.) is given off by the styloid, a branch of the external carotid: the internal is a branch of the basilary artery, which accompanies the auditory nerve, and is distributed to it. The Auditory Veins empty into the internal and external ju- gulars. Auditory Canal, External, Mea'tus audito'- rius exter'nus, Alvea'rium, Scapha, Scaphus, (F.) Oonduit auditif externe, Conduit auriculaire, commences at the bottom of the concha, at the Fora'men auditlvum exter'num, passes inwards, forwards, and a little downwards, and terminates at the membrana tympani. It is partly cartilagi- nous, partly osseous, and partly fibrous. Auditory Canal. Internal, Mea'tus audito'- rius inter'nus, Porus seu Sinus acus'ticus, Cyar, (F.) Conduit auditif interne, 0. labyrinthique, is situate in the posterior surface of the pars pe- trosa of the temporal bone. From the Fora'men auditlvum inter'num, where it commences, it passes forwards and outwards, and terminates by a kind of cul-de-sac, mac'ula cribro'sa, perfo- rated by many holes, one of which is the orifice of the Aquseductus Fallopii; and the others com- municate with the labyrinth. Auditory Nerve, Nerf labyrinthique—(Ch.) is the Portio Mollis of the seventh pair. It arises from the corpus restiforme, from the floor of the fourth ventricle, and by means of white striae, from the sides of the calamus scriptorius. As it leaves the encephalon, it forms a flattened cord, and proceeds with the facial nerve through the foramen auditivum internum, and as far as the bottom of the meatus, where it separates from the facial, and divides into two branches, one going to the cochlea? the cochlear; the other to the vestibule and semi-circular canals, the vesti- bular. _ AUGE, Al'veus. Some of the older anatomists gave this name to & reservoir, into which liquids flow in an interrupted manner, so that it is alter- nately full and empty. Such are the ventricles and auricles of the heart. AUG MENTA'TION, from augere,' to increase;' Augmexi'tum, Incremen'tum, Anab'asis, Aue'tio, Auxis, Progres'sio, Progres'sus, Auxe'sis. The stage of a disease in which the symptoms go on increasing. AULISCUS, Canula. See Fistula. AULOS, Canula, Fistula. See Vagina, and Foramen. AUMALE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Au- male is a town of Upper Normandy, in the coun- try of Caux. Several springs of ferruginous mineral waters are found there, whose odour is penetrating, and taste rough and astringent. They are tonic, and employed in debility of the viscera, Ac AUNE^ NOIRE, Rhamnus frangula. AUNEE, Inula helenium — a. Dysenterique, Inula dysenterica. AURA, Pnoe. A vapour or emanation from any body, surrounding it like an atmosphere. Van Helmont regarded the vital principle as a gas and volatile spirit, which he called Aura vitalis. In Pathology, Aura means the sensation of a, light vapour, which, in some diseases, appears to set out from the trunk or limbs; and to rise towards the head. This feeling has been found to precede attacks of epilepsy and hysteria, and hence it has been called Aura Epilep'tvca, and A. hysterica. Aura San'guinis. The odour exhaled by blood newly drawn. See Gaz Sanguinis. Aura Sem'inis, A. semina'lis, Spir'itus geni- talis .-—A volatile principle fancied to exist in the sperm, and regarded by some as the fecun- dating agent. Such is not the case. Aura Vitalis, Vital principle. AURAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY. Otiatria. AURANCUM, see Ovum. AURANITE, see Agaric AURAN'TIA CURASSAVEX'TIA, Ourasso'a apples or oranges. Immature oranges, checked, by accident, in their growth. They are a grate- ful, aromatic bitter, devoid of acidity. Infused in wine or brandy they make a good stomachic. They are also used for issue peas. Aurantia Curassavica, see Citrus aurantium — a. Poma, see Citrus aurantium. Auranth Cortex, see Citrus aurantium. AURANTIUM, Citrus aurantium. AURELIANA CANADENSIS, Panax quin- quefolium. AUREOLA, Areola. AURI CHLORETUM CUM CHLORETO NATRII, see Gold—a. Chloridum, Gold, muriate of—a. Chloretum, Gold, muriate of—a. Cyanidum, see Gold—a. Cyanuretum, see Gold—a. lodidum, see Gold—a. Ioduretum, see Gold — a. et Natri chloruretum, see Gold—a. Murias, Gold, muriate of—a. Nitro-murias, see Gold — a. Oxidum, see Gold—a. Terchloridum, see Gold—a. Tercyani- dum, see Gold — a. Teroxidum, see Gold. AURICHALCUM, Brass. AURICLE, Auric'ula, (F.) Auricule, Oricule. Diminutive of auris, an ear. The auricle of the ear. See Pavilion. Auricles of the Heart, Cavita'tes inncmi- na'tm, (F.) Oreillettes, are two cavities; one right, the other left, each communicating with the ventricle of its side. These two cavities re- ceive the blood from every part of the body. Into the right auricle, the two venae cavae and coronary vein open : into the left, the four pul- monary veins. Chaussier calls the former the Sinus of the Vena Cavm:—the latter, the Sinus of the Pulmonary Veins. The foliated or dog's ear portion of each auricle is called Appen'dix auric'ulm. See Sinus. Auricula Jud.e, Peziza auricula—a. Muris, Hieracium Pilosella—a. Muris major, Hieracium murorum. AURIOULAIRE, see Digitus—or. PoetSrieur, Retrahens auris—a. Sup&rieur, Attollens aurem. AURICULAR, Auricula''ria, Oric'ular, from auricula, ' the ear.' That which belongs to the ear, especially to the external ear. Auric'ular Ar'teries and Veins, Oricu- l, ' I generate.' A term applied by Mr. Owen to parts or elements that are usually developed from distinct and independent centres; as in the case of the different parts or elements that form a vertebra. AUTOGONIA, Generation, equivocal. AUTOLITHOT'OMUS, from avrog, 'himself/ XtSog, 'a stone,' and repvuv, 'to cut.' One who operates upon himself for the stone. AUTOMAT'IC, Automat'icus, Autom'atus, from avroparog, 'spontaneous.' That which acts of itself. Those movements are called automatic, which the patient executes without any object; apparently without volition being exercised:—involuntary motions, motus automat'ici seu autom'ati seu in- volunta'rii. AUTOMNAL, Autumnal. AUTONOM'IA, Vis medicatrix naturm. The word Autonomia is occasionally employed by the French and Germans for the peculiar mechanism of an organized body. Thus, although individu- als of the same species may differ in outward con- formation, their mechanism or instinctive laws, (Autonomia,) may be the same. AUTONYCTOBATIA, Somnambulism. AUTOPEP'SIA, from avrog, ' self,' and ireirna, ' I concoct.' Self-digestion,—as of the stomach after death. AUTOPHIA, Autopsia. AUTOPHO'NIA, (F.) Retentissement autopho- nique, from avrog, 'self,' and ipoivr], 'voice.' An auscultatory sign pointed out by M. Hourmann, which consists in noting the character of the ob- server's own voice, while he speaks with his head placed close to the patient's chest. The voice, it AUTOPHOSPHORUS 118 AVICULA CIPRIA Is alleged, will be modified by the condition of the subjacent organs. The resonance, thus heard, ho terms relentissement autophonique. This di- agnostic agency Dr. R. G. Latham proposes to term heautophon'ics. Autophonia, Suicide. AUTOPHOSPHORUS, Phosphorus. AUTOPLAS'TIC, Autoplas'ticus ; from avrog, 'self,' and irXaonxog, 'formative.' Relating to autoplasty or plastic surgery. AUTOPLASTICE, Morioplastice. AUTOPLASTY, Morioplastice. AUTOP'SIA, Au'topsy ; from avrog, 'himself,' and oxpig, 'vision.' Autoph'ia, Antoscop'ia. In- spection; examination by one's self; self-inspec- tion. Often improperly used for the following: Autop'sia Cadaver'ica, (F.) Autopsie ou Ou- verture cadaverique. Attentive examination after death,—Examination post mortem, Seetio Oadav'- eris, Dissection, Nec'roscopy, Ncc'ropsy, Necro- scop'ia, Necrop'sia, Necrop'sis, — practised for the purpose of investigating the causes and seat of an affection of which a person may have died, Ae. Autop'sia Cadaver'ica Lega'lis, Sec'tio ca- .dav'eris legalis, Obduc'tio, is the examination after death for medico-legal purposes. AUTOPYROS, Syncomistos. AUTOSCOPIA, Autopsia. AU'TOSITE, from avrog, ' self,' and crirog, ' nourishment.' A single monster, capable of deriving nourishment from its own proper or- gans, in contradistinction to Omphalosite. AUTOTHERAPIA, Vis medicatrix naturae. AUTUMX, Autum'nus, Phthiropo'ron, (F.) Au- tomne. One of the seasons of the year, between the 28d of September and the 21st of December. In all climates, the Autumn or Fall is liable to disease; a combination of local and atmospheric causes being then present, favourable to its pro- duction. AUTUM'NAL; Autumna'lis, (F.) Automnal. Relating to Autumn; as Autumnal Fruits, Au- tumnal Fevers, Ac Autumnal Fever, generally assumes a bilious aspect. Those of the intermittent kind are much more obstinate than when they appear in the spring. AUXESIS, Augmentation, Increase. AUXIL'IARY, Auxilia'ris, from auxilium, 'aid.' (F.) Auxiliaire. That which assists, or from which assistance is obtained. Auxiliary Medicine is one which assists the principal medicine or basis. It is synonymous with Adjuvant. Auxiliary Muscles are those which concur in the same movement. Some anatomists have applied the term to several ligaments, as well as to the fleshy fibres, which hang from the sacro- spinalis muscle. AUXILIUM, Juvans, Medicament. AUXIS, Augmentation, Increase. AVA, Arva, Kara. An intoxicating narcotic drink, made by chewing the Piper methisticum. It is much used by the Polynesians. AVAILLES, WATERS OF. A small village in France, 13 leagues S. S. E. of Poitiers, at which there is a cold saline chalybeate. It con- tains chlorides of sodium and calcium, sulphate and subcarbonate of soda, iron, Ac. AVANT-BOUCHE, (F.) Os ant Icum. This name has been applied by some to the mouth, properly so called—in contradistinction to the Arriere bouche or Pharynx. A VANT-BRAS, Fore-arm. A VANT-OCEUR, Scrobiculus cordis. AVANT-GOUT, (F.) Prmgusta'tio; a fore- taste; prsegustation. AV ANT-MAIN, (F.) Adver'sa Manua. The inside of the hand, when extended. AV ANT-PIED, (F.) The most advanced part of the foot. AVANT-POIGNET, (F.) The anterior part of the wrist. A YE LINE, Corylus avellana (nut). AVELLANA, Corylus avellana—a. Cathartics, Jatropha curcas. AVE'NA, Oats, Bromos. The seeds of Ave'na sati'va. Nat. Ord. Gramineae. Sex. Syst. Tri- andria Digynia. (F.) Avoine. Oats are used as food for man, in some parts, particularly in the North of England and Scotland. When deprived of the husks they form Groats. Reduced to meal, — Avenm Fari'na, Oatmeal—-they are ap- plied as cataplasms to promote suppuration. The dry meal is sprinkled over erysipelatous parts. Oatmeal gruel, Water gruel, is prepared as fol- lows :— Take of oatmeal ^ij; soft water Oiss. Rub the meal in a basin, with the back of a spoon, in a moderate quantity of the water, pouring off the fluid after the grosser particles have subsided, but whilst the milkiness continues; and repeat the operation until no more milkiness is commu- nicated to the water. Put the washings in a pan, after having stirred them well, in order to sus- pend any fecula, which may have subsided; and boil until a soft, thick, mucilage is formed. It is a good demulcent, and is used also as a vehicle for clysters. Avena Excorticata, Groats. AVENGE FARINA, see Avena. AVEXHEIM, MIXERAL WATERS OF. Avenheim is three leagues from Strasburg: near it is an aperient mineral water. AVENNES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Avennes is a village in the department of He- rault in France: near it is a saline spring, the temperature of which rises to 84° Fahrenheit. AVENS, COMMON, Geum urbanum — a. Water, Geum rivale — a. White, Geum Virgini- anum. AVERICH, Sulphur. AVERRHO'A BILIM'BI, Bilim'bi, Bilimbing teres. An Indian tree, which has a fruit that is too acid to be eaten alone. It is used as a con- diment, and in the form of syrup as a refrige- rant. Averrho'a Caram'bola, called after Aver- rhoe's ; Malum Coen'se, Prunum. stellqi'tum, Tairl- ara, Conga, Caram'bolo. An Indian tree, whose fruits are agreeably acid. The bark, bruised, is employed as a cataplasm, and its fruit is used as a refrigerant in bilious fever and dysentery. AVER'SION, Aver'sio, Apolrope; from aver- tere, (a and vertere) ' to turn from.' Extreme repugnance for any thing whatever. AVERSION, (F.)also means, in therapeutics, the action of medicines which turn the afflux of fluids from one organ, and direct them to others; being synonymous with counter -irritation, or rather revulsion or derivation. AVER TIN, (F.) A disease of the mind, which, according to Lavoisien, renders the pa- tient obstinate and furious. AVEUGLE, Cieeus. AVEUGLEMENT, Capites —a. de Jour, Nyctalopia—a. de Nuit, Ilemeralopia. AVICEX'NIA TOMENTO'SA, A. Africa'na seu resinif'era seu nit'ida, Ron'Via ger'minans, called after Avicenna. The plant which affords the Malac'ca Bean or Anacar'dium Orieuta'le of the Pharmacopoeias, Semecar'pus A-iunni-'dium, The oil drawn from the bark of the fruit is a cor- rosive, and active vesicatory, but it is not used AVICULA CIPRIA, Pastil-a. Margaritifera, see Pearl. AVOIN 119 AZYGOUS AVOIN, Avena. AVORTEMENT, Abortion. AV OUTER, to Abort. AVORTIN, Abortion. AVORTON, Abortion. AVULSIO, Arrachement. AVULSION, Evulsion. AX, MIXERAL WATERS OF. Ax is a small town in the department of Arriege, France; where there are several sulphurous springs, the temperature of which varies from 77° to 162° of Fahrenheit. AXE, Axis—a. de I'QUil, Axis of the eye. AX'EA COMMISSU'RA, TrochoVdes. A pivot-joint. See Trochoid. AXIL'LA, Ala, Ascel'la, Assel'la, Ascil'la, Acella, Cordis emuneto'Hum, Male, Hypo'mia, Fo'vea axilla'ris, Mas'chale, Mas'chalis, (F.) Aisselle. The cavity beneath the junction of the arm with the shoulder; the armpit; (F.) Oreux de VAisselle. It is bounded, anteriorly, by a portion of the pectoralis major; posteriorly, by the latissimus dorsi. It is covered with hair, contains much areolar membrane, lymphatic ganglions, important vessels and nerves, and numerous sebaceous follicles, furnishing an odor- ous secretion. In consequence of such secretion, the ancients called it emuncto'rium cordis. AX'ILLARY, Maschalim'us, (F.) Axillaire, from axilla, ' the armpit.' Belonging to the armpit. Axillary Artery, Arte'ria axilla'ris; a con- tinuation of the subclavian, extending from the passage of the latter between the scaleni muscles as far as the insertion of the pectoralis major, when it takes the name of Brachial. Axillary Glands are lymphatic glands seated in the armpit; into which the lymphatic glands of the upper extremity open. Axillary Nerve, Scap'ulo-hu'meral (Ch.), Nerf circonflexe, Artic'ular nerve; arises from the posterior part of the brachial plexus, particularly from the last two cervical pairs and the first dorsal. It is chiefly distributed to the posterior margin of the deltoid. Axillary Vein, Vena Axilla'ris, Vena Suba- la'ris. This vein corresponds with the artery; anterior to which it is situate. It is a continua- tion of the brachial veins; and, at its termination, assumes the name Subclavian. AXIXE, Ascia. AXIRXACH. An Arabic word, used by Al- bucasis to designate a fatty tumour of the upper eyelid, observed particularly in children. AXIS, Axon, (F.) Axe. A right line which passes through the centre of a body. Axis. Cerebro-Spinal, see Encephalon — a. of the Cochlea, Modiolus—a. Cylinder of Nerve, see Nerve fibre—a. Coeliac, Coeliac artery. Axis of the Eye, (F.) Axe de I'ceil, called also, Vis'ual Axis and Optic Axis, is a right line, which falls perpendicularly on the eye, and passes through the centre of the pupil. Axis, Haemal, Aorta — a. Neural, see Ence- phalon. Axis, is also the second vertebra of the neck, Axon, Epistropheus, Epis'trophus, Ma*chalister : the Ver'tebra Denta'ta, (F.) Essieu. So called, because it forms a kind of axis on which the head move3. Chaussier calls it Axoide, from afav, 'axis,' and eiSog, 'shape.' AXOIDE, Axis—a. Oceipitale, Rectus capitis posticus major. AXOID'O-ATLOID'EUS. What refers to both the axis and atlas, as Axoido-atloidean articula- tion. The lesions of the Axoido-atloidean, are, 1. Fracture of the Proces'sus Denta'tus. 2. Rupture of the odontoid ligament, and consequently pas- sage and pressure of the process behind the trans- verse ligament: and, 3. The simultaneous rupture of the odontoid and transverse ligaments. These different accidents are fatal. AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEN, Obliouus inferior capitis. AXON, Axis. AXUNGE, Adeps prseparata. AXUNGIA, Pinguedo—a. Gadi, Oleum Jecoris Aselli — a. de Mumia, Marrow — a. Articularis, Synovia—a. Piscina Marina, Oleum Jecoris Aselli —a. Porcina, Adeps praeparata. AYPNIA, Insomnia. AZARNET, Orpiment. AZARUM, Asarum. AZEDARACH, Melia Azedarach. AZEDARAGHA AMffiNA, Melia Azedarach. AZOODYXA'MIA, from a, priv., fan, 'life,' and Swapig, 'strength.' Privation or diminution of the vital powers. AZO'RES, CLIMATE OF. The Azores or Western Islands are said to afford one of the best examples of a mild, humid, equable climate to be met with in the northern hemisphere. It is slightly colder and moister than that of Madeira, but even more equable. Sir James Clark thinks, that a change from the Azores to Madeira, and thence to Teneriffe—one of the Canaries—would prove more beneficial to the phthisical valetudi- narian than a residence during the whole winter in any one of those islands. AZOTATE D'ARGENT, Argenti nitras. A'ZOTE, Azo'tum, from a, priv., and fan, 'life.' Nitrogen, Alcaligene, Gas azo'ticum, Nitro- gen'ium, (F.) Azote, Nitrogene, Air gate, Air vicie, is a gas which is unfit for respiration. It is not positively deleterious, but proves fatal, a owing to the want of oxygen. It is one of the constituents of atmospheric air, and a distin- guishing principle of animals. Vegetables have it not generally diffused, whilst it is met with in most animal substances. It has been variously called, phlogistic air, vitiated air, Ac.; has been looked upon as sedative, and recommended to be respired, when properly diluted,, in diseases of the chest. Azote, Protoxide of, Nitrogen, gaseous ox- ide of. AZOTED, Nitrogenized. AZOTENESES, from azote, and veaog, 'dis- ease.' Diseases fancied to be occasioned by the predominance of azote in the body.—Baumes. AZOTIZED, Nitrogenized. AZOTURIA, see Urine. AZUR, Coral, Smalt. AZU'RIUM. A compound of two parts of mercury, one-third of sulphur, and one-fourth of sal ammoniac. — Albertus Magnus. AZ'YGES, Az'ygos, Az'ygous, sine pari, from a, priv., and C,vyog, 'equal.' Unequal. The sphenoid bone, because it has no fellow. Also, a process, Proces'sus Az'yges, Rostrum sphenoidale, projecting from under the middle and forepart of this bone. AZYGOS GANGLION, see Trisplanchnio Nerve. AZYGOUS ARTICULAR ARTERY, see Ar- ticular arteries of the skull. Azygous Muscle, Azvgos U'vulm, is the small muscle which occupies tne substance of the uvula. — Morgagni. The name is, however, mappro- priate, as there are two distinct fasciculi, placed along-side each other, forming the Palato-sta- phyli'ni, Staphyli'ni or Epistaphyli'ni muscles, Staphyli'ni me'dii of Winslow. Azygous Vein, Vena Azygos, Veine Prelombo- AZYMIA HUMORUM 120 BAIN thoraciqne — (Ch.), Vena sine pari, Vena pari carens, (F.) Veine sans Poire. This vein was so called by Galen. It forms a communication be- tween the V. cava inferior and V. cava superior, permitting the blood to pass freely between the two. It rises from the vena cava inferior, or from one of the lumbar or renal veins, passes through the diaphragm, ascends along the spine to the right of the aorta and thoracic duct, and opens into the V. cava superior, where it pene- BABEURRE, Buttermilk. BABILLEMENT, Loquacity. BABUZICARIUS, Incubus. BAC'ARIS, Bach'oris. A name given by the ancients to an ointment, described by Galen under the name Ointment of Lydia. It was sometimes employed in diseases of the womb.— Hippocrates. BACCiE BERMUDEXSES, Sapindus sapo- naria—b. seu Grana actes, see Sambucus ebulus —b. Jujubae, Jujube—b. Myrtillorum, see Vacci- nium myrtillus—b. Norlandicae, Rubus areticus —b. Piperis Glabri, see Piper Cubeba—b. Pisca- toriae, see Menispermum cocculus — b. Zizyphi, see Jujube. BACCAR, Bac'caris, Bac'charis. An herb used by the ancients in their garlands, to destroy enchantment. Perhaps, the Digitalis purpurea. Some authors have erroneously thought it to be the Asarum. BACCHARIS, Baccar. BACCHI'A, from Bacchus, 'wine.' A name applied to the red or pimpled face of the drunkard. See Gutta rosea. BACCIIICA, Hedera helix. BACHARIS, Bacaris. BACHELOR'S BUTTONS, see Strychnos nux vomica. BACHER'S TONIC PILLS, Pilulae ex Helle- boro et Myrrha. BACTLE, Crithmum maritimum. BACIL'LUM, Bacillus, Bac'ulua, Bac'culus: ' a stick.' This name has been applied to a kind of troch, composed of expectorants, and having the shape of a stick. Also, a suppository. Bacil- lum was used by the ancient chemists for several instruments of iron. BACK-ACII ROOT, Liatris. BACKSTROKE OF THE HEART, Impulse, diastolic. BACOVE, Musa sapientum. BACTYRILOBIUM FISTULA, Cassia fistula. BACULUS, Bacillum. BADEX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Baden is a town six miles from Vienna. Here are 12 springs, containing carbonates of lime and mag- nesia; sulphates of lime, and magnesia, and soda; and chlorides of sodium and aluminum. The water is used in diseases of the skin, rheu- matism, Ac. There are two other towns of the same name; one in Suabia, and the other in Switzerland, about 12 miles from Zurich, where are mineral springs. The waters of the last two are thermal sulphureous. BADEN-BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Celebrated thermal springs, situate about a league from the high road to Basle and Frankfort. Their temperature varies from 130° to 154° Fahrenheit. B ADER, Bather. BADIAGA. A kind of sponge, sold in Russia, the powder of which is said to take away the livid trates the pericardium. On the left side, the semi-az'ygos, Left bron'chial or left superior in- tercos'tal vein, Vena demi-azygos, V. hemi-az'yga, Veine petite prelombo-thoracique—(Ch.) presents, in miniature, nearly the same arrangement. AZYMIA HUMORUM, Crudity of the hu- mours. AZ'YMUS, from a, priv., and $vpn, 'leaven.' Azymous bread is unfermented, unleavened bread. —Galen. marks from blows and bruises in a few hours. Its nature is not understood. BADIANE, Illicium anisatum. BADISIS, Walking. BADUKKA, Capparis badukka. BAG, DUSTING, see Dusting-bag. BAGEDIA, Pound. BAGNERES-ADOUR, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bagneres-Adour is a small town in the department of Hautea Pyrenees, having a great number of mineral springs; some, cold chaly- beates; others, thermal salines; but the greatest part sulphureous and warm. BAGNERES DU LUCHON is a small town in the department of Haute Garonne, on the frontiers of Spain. It has been for a long time famous for its numerous sulphureous springs, the temperature of which is from 69° to 148° of Fahrenheit. BAGNIGGE WELLS. A saline mineral spring in London, resembling the Epsom. BAGNIO, Baignoire. BAGNOLES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bagnoles is a village in the department of Orne. The water resembles that of Bagneres de Luchon. BAGXOLS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bag- nols is a village, two leagues from Mende, in the department of Lozere. The waters are hydro- sulphurous and thermal: 109° Fahrenheit. BAGOAS, Castrates. BAGUENAUDIER, Colutea arborescens. BAHA'MA ISLANDS, CLIMATE OF. The climate of the Bahamas is not considered to be well adapted for consumptive patients, on ac- count of the rapid alternations of temperature, and the prevalence of winds, often of a dry, cold character. Still, the phthisical valetudinarians from most portions of the United States might derive advantage from a residence there during the winter months. The accommodations are not, however, good, or numerous. BAHEL, Colum'nea longifo'lia. A labiated plant of Malabar, whose leaves, bruised, are ap- plied as cataplasms to suppurating tumours. Bahel Schclli, Genista spinosa Indica. RAIGNEUR, Bather. BAIGNOIRE (F.), Raptiste'rium, a Bathing tub, Bagnio, So'lium, Pisci'na. The vessel or place in which bathing is performed. Baignoire oculaire, an eye-bath,—a small vessel for bathing the eyes. BAILLEMENT, Yawning. BAILLON, Speculum oris. BAIN, Bath — b. Ohaud, Bath, hot—b. Elec- trique, Bath, electric, see Electricity — 6. Entier, Bath, general — b. de Fauteuil, Bath, hip — 6. Frais, Bath, tepid—b. Froid, Bath, cold—b. Ma- rie, Bath, water—6. Medicinal, Bath, medicated —6. de Pied, Bath, foot, Pediluvium — 6. de Sa- ble, Bath, sand—b. de Siige, Bath, hip—6. Tern- peri, Bath, tepid, B. Temperate — 6. de Tete, B. BAINS BAINS, MINERAL WATERS OF. These ane situate at Plombieres, department of the Vosges. They are said to be saline and thermal by some; others deny them any medical pro- perties. BALAMPULLI, Tamarindus. BALANCE, AREOSTATIC, Areometer. BAL'ANCEMENT, Compensation, from (F.) balance, ' a balance,' itself from bis, ' twice,' and lanx, ' a dish.' A law of teratogeny, as main- tained by Geoffroy St. Hilaire, by which exube- rance of nutrition in one organ is supposed to involve, to a greater or less extent, the total or partial atrophy of some other,—and conversely. BALAXDA, Fagus Sylvatica. BALANEUM, Bath. BALAXISMUS, Suppository. BALAXITIS, Gonorrhoea spuria. BALAN0BLENN0RRHC3A, Gonorrhoea spuria. BALANOCASTAXUM, Bunium Bulbocasta- num. BALANORRIKEA, Gonorrhoea spuria. BA'LAXUS, (iaXavog, 'glans,' 'an acorn.' The glans penis. Hence, Balanoblennorrhce'a, Blen- norrhoea of the glans; and Balanitis, Inflamma- tion of the glans. Suppositories and pessaries were called Balani. Balanos Phcsnicos, Date. Balanus, Glans, Suppository—b. Myrepsica, Guilandina morinira. BALARUC, MIXERAL WATERS OF. Ba- laruc is a town in the department of Herault, in France. The waters are saline and thermal. They contain carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, chlorides of sodium, cal- cium, and magnesium, sulphate of lime, and a little iron. They are considered tonic, and are largely used. Their temperature is about 118° Fahrenheit. Balaruc Water, Factit"ious, (F.) Eau de Balaruc; Aqua Belliluca'na is made of simple acidulous water (containing twice its bulk of car- bonic acid) fjxxss; chloride of sodium, Qss; chloride of calcium, gr. xviij ; chloride of mag- nesium, gr. lvi; carbonate of magnesia, gr. j. BALATRO, Bambalio. BALAUSTINE FLOWERS, see Punica gra- natum. BALBIS, (3aX0ig, 'a foundation.' Any oblong cavity. — Galen. Hippocrates, in his treatise on the joints, gives the name Balbito'des to the ole- cranon cavity of the humerus. BALBUS, (F.) Begue. One habitually affected with stammering. A stammerer. BALBU'TIES, Psellis'mns, Psellotes, Blm'- eitas, Baryglos'sia, Dysla'lia, Mogila'lia, Ischo- pho'nia, Battaris'mus, Bamba'lia, Hmsita'tio, Loque'la blm'sa, (F.) Ralbutiement, Begaiement. Stammering, St. Vitus's Dance of the Voice. Also, vicious and incomplete pronunciation, in which almost all the consonants are replaced by the letters B and L; Traulis'mus. BALCIIUS, Bdellium. BALD, Athrix. BALDMOXEY, ^thusa meum. BALDNESS, Alopecia, Calvities—b. Limited, Porrigo decalvans—b. Partial, Porrigo decalvans. BALEXAS, Leviathan penis. BALIMBAGO, Hibiscus populeus. BALIXEATOR, Bather. BALIXEUM, Bath. BALL, Pjla. BALLISMUS, Chorea. BALLISTA, Astragalus. BALLON, Receiver. BA L L ONNEMENT, Tympanites. BALLO'TA Fffi'TIDA, B. vulga'ris sou nigra, 1 BALSAM Marru'bium nigrum, Black Horehound, Stinking H, (F.) Marrube noir. This plant is esteemed to be antispasmodic, resolvent, and detersive. (?) Ballota Lana'ta, Leonu'rus lana'tus. A plant of the Nat. Family, Labiatae, Sex. Syst. Didynamia' Gymnospermia, which grows in Si- beria. The whole plant, with the exception of the root, has been recommended in dropsy, and in rheumatism and gout, as a diuretic. It is usually given in decoction (£ss to ^j to f^viij of water.) BALLOTTEMENT, (F.) Agita'tion, Succus'- sion, Mouvement de Ballottement, Repercus'sion, means the motion impressed on the foetus in utero, by alternately pressing the uterus by means of the index finger of one hand introduced into the vagina; the other hand being applied on the abdomen. It is one of the least equivocal signs of pregnancy. BALLSTON SPA. This village is situate in Saratoga County, New York. The spring Sans Souci belongs to the class of Acidulous Chaly- beates. It contains iodide of sodium. There is also a sulphur spring. BALM, Melissa — b. Apple, Momordica bal- samina—b. Bastard, Melitis Melissophyllum—b. of Gilead, Solomon's, see Tinctura cardamomi— b. of Gilead, Poplar, Populus candicans —b. of Gilead tree, Dracocephalum Canariense — b. In- dian, Trillium latifolium—b. Mountain, Monarda coccinea—b. Red, Monarda coccinea—b. Stink- ing, Hedeoma. BALMONY, Chelone glabra. BALNEA CC3N0SA, Bone des eaux. BALNEARIUM, Hypocaustum. BALNEARIUS, Bather. BALNEATOR, Bather. BALNEOG'RAPHY, Balneograph'ia, from (iaXaveiov, ' a bath,' and ypaipn, ' a description.' A description of baths. BALNEOL'OQY, Balneolog" ia, from 0aXa- vtiov, ' a bath,' and Xoyog, ' a description.' A treatise on baths. BALNEOTHERAPI'A, from QaXavuov, 'a bath,' and Btpaireta, 'treatment.' Treatment of disease by baths. BALNEUM, Bath—b. Acidum, Bath, acid — b. Alkalinum, Bath, alkaline—b. Animale, Bath, animal — b. Antipsoricum, Bath, antipsoric — b. Anti-syphiliticum, Bath, antisyphilitic — b. Are- nas, Bath, sand—b. Gelatinosum, Bath, gelatinoui — b. Mariae, Bath, water — b. Medicatum, Bath, medicated—b. Sulphuris, Bath, sulphur. BALSAM, Bal'samum, Boleson, Beleson, (F.) Baume. This name is given to natural vegetable substances, concrete or liquid, but very odorous, bitter, and piquant: composed of resin, benzoic acid, and sometimes of an essential oil; — which allow benzoic acid to be disengaged by the action of heat; readily dissolved in volatile oil, alcohol, and ether; and, when treated with alkalies, afford a soluble benzoate, and throw down resin. We know of only five balsams:—those of Peru, and Tolu, Benzoin, solid Styrax or Storax, and liquid Styrax. (See those different words.) There are, however, many pharmaceutical preparations and resinous substances, possessed of a balsamio smell, to which the name balsam has been given; but they differ essentially in composition and properties: hence the distinction of balsams into natural and artificial. The natural balsams in elude the five before mentionod; the artificial the remainder. Balsam, Acous'tic, Bal'samum Aeons'ticum, (F.) Baume acoustique. A mixture of fixed and essential oils, sulphur, and tinctures of fetid gums. Used in cases of atonic deafness, dropped into the ear. The acoustic balsam of Dr. Hugh 12 BALSAM, AMERICAN 122 BALSAM, PERUVIAN Bath, head—b. Tiede, Bath, tepid—b. Trls froid, Bath, cold—b. de Vapeur, Bath, vapour. Smith is made by mixing three drachms of ox- gall with one drachm of balsam of Peru. Balsam, American,see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. Anodyne, Bates's Linimentum saponis et opii. Balsam, Apoplec'tic, Bal'samum, Apoplec'- tieum, (F.) Baume apopleetique. A medicine composed of several balsams properly so called, resins, and volatile oils. It is of a stiff consist- ence, is worn in ivory boxes about the person, and is smelled at in headachs, Ac. Balsam Apple, Momordica balsamina. Balsam of Arcce'us, Bal'samum Arcmi, Un- guen'tum El'emi, (F.) Baume d'Areceus. A soft ointment; sometimes employed in wounds, ul- cers, Ac. It is made by melting, with a gentle heat, two parts of mutton suet, one of lard, one and a half of turpentine, and as much resin. Balsam, Canada, see Pinus balsamea—b. Ca- nary, Dracocephalum Canariense — b. Capivi, Copaiba. Balsam of Carpa'thia, Bal'samum Oarpath'- icum, (F.) Baume de Carpathie. The resin of the Pinus Cembra, a tree, which grows in Swit- zerland, Libya, and the Krapac mountains in Hungary. Balsam, Chalyb'eate, Bal'samum Chalybea'- tum, (F.) Baume d'aeier ou d'aiguilles. A mix- ture of nitrate of iron, alcohol, and oil, prepared by dissolving needles in nitric acid. It was for- merly employed in frictions in pains of the joints. Balsam, Commander's, Tinctura benzoini com- posite—b. for Cuts, Tinctura benzoini composita. Balsam, Cordial, of Senner'tus, Bal'samum Cordia'le Senner'ti, (F.) Baume cordiale de Sen- nert. A stimulant medicine, composed of the essential oils of citron, cloves, and cinnamon, of musk, and ambergris. Dose, 6 to 15 drops. Balsam of Fierabras. A celebrated Spanish vulnerary balsam, mentioned by Cervantes ; the composition of which was oil, rosemary, salt and wine. (?) Balsam, Spir'ituous, of Fioraventi, Bal'- samum Fioraven'ti spirituo'sum, (F.) Baume de Fioraventi spiritueux. Different products of the distillation of resinous and balsamic substances, and of a number of aromatic substances, pre- viously macerated in alcohol, have been thus called. The Spirituous Balsam of Fioraventi, the only one now used in friction, in chronic rheumatism, is the first product of the distillation from a sand-bath. It is entirely alcoholic. The Oily Balsam of Fioraventi is obtained by re- moving the residue, and distilling it in an iron vessel, at a white heat. It has the appearance of a citrine-coloured oil. The Black Balsam of Fioraventi is the black oil, obtained when the temperature is sufficient to carbonize the sub- stances in the cucurbit. Balsam of Fir, see Pinus balsamea. Balsam of Fourcroy or of Laborde, (F.) Baume de Fourcroy ou de Laborde. A kind of liniment composed of aromatic plants, balsams, resins, aloes, turpentine, theriac, and olive oil. Used in chaps of the skin and nipples. Balsam, Friar's, Tinctura benzoini composita. Balsam of Genevieve, (F.) Baume de Gcne- trievc. An ointment composed of wax, turpen- tine, oil, red saunders, and camphor. Used in contused wounds, gangrene, Ac. Balsam cf Honey (Hill's.) A tincture made of tola, honey (aa ftj) and spirit, (a gallon.) A pectoral, used in coughs. The committee of the New York College of Pharmacy recommend the following formula: — (Gum. Benzoin. £v, Beds. Tolut. %}, Mellis ^viij, Alcohol. Oiij — digest for 10 days and filter.) See Mel. Balsam of Horeho-und (Ford's.) A tincture of horehound, liquorice-root, comphor, opium, benzoin, dried aquills, oil of aniseed, and honey. It has the same properties as the above. See Marrubium. Balsam, Hungarian, see Pinus mughos. Balsam, Hypnot'ic,. Bal'samum Hypnolicum, (F.) Baume Hypnotique. A preparation of which opium, hyoscyamus, camphor, and some other sedative substances form the basis. It is used externally in friction, to provoke sleep. Balsam, Hyster'ic, Bal'samum Hyster'icum, (F.) Baume Hysterique. A preparation made of opium, aloes, asafoetida, castor, distilled oils of rue, amber, Ac. It is held to the nose, applied to the navel, or rubbed on the hypogastrium in hysterical cases. Balsam, Indian, see Myroxylon peruiferum. Balsam of Leictoure of Condom or Vince- GUERE, BaVsamum Lectoren'se. A strongly sti- mulant and aromatic mixture of camphor, saffron, musk, and ambergris, dissolved in essential oils. The ancients burnt it for the purpose of purifying the air of a chamber, when infected with a disa- greeable odour. Balsam of Life of Hoff'man, Bal'eamnm Vitm Hoffman'ni, (F.) Baume de Vie d'Hoffman. A tincture, composed of essential oils and amber- gris, employed internally and externally as a stimulant. A mixture of essential oils without alcohol constitutes the Saxon Balsam, Bal'samum apoplec'ticum, B. aromat'icum, B. cephal'icum, B. Saxon'icum, B. nervi'num, B. Scherzeri, B. Sto- mach'icum. Employed in friction as a stimulant. Balsam of Life, Decoctum aloes compositum —b. of Life, Turlington's, see Tinctura benzoini composita. Balsam of Locatel'li or Lucatel'li, BaV- aamum Lucatel'li, (F.) Baume de Lucatel. A sort of ointment, composed of wax, oil, turpentine, sherry, and balsam of Peru, coloured with red saunders. It was once administered in pulmo- nary consumption. Balsam of Mecca, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Mexican, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — h. Natural, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. Balsam, Green, of Metz, Bal'samum Vir'ide Meten'sium, Bal'samum- Vir'ide, (F.) Baume vert de Metz, Baume de Feuillet, Huile verte, O'leum ox'ydi cupri vir'ide. This is composed of several fixed oils, holding, in solution, subcarbonate of copper, sulphate of zinc, turpentine, aloes, and the essential oils of cloves and Juniper. It is green and caustic, and is employed to hasten the cicatrization of atonic ulcers, Balsam, Nephrit'ic, of Fuller, Bal'samum Nephrelicum Fulleri. A liquid medicine, com- posed of oils, resins, and balsams, which have experienced an incipient state of carbonization from concentrated sulphuric acid. It was given in the dose of 15 to 30 drops in certain affections of the kidneys. Balsam, Nervous, Bal'samum Nervi'num, (F.) Baume nervin ou nerval. A kind of ointment, composed of fatty bodies, volatile oils, balsam of Peru, camphor, Ac It is employed in friction in cases of sprains and rheumatic pains. Balsam, Paraly-t'ic, of Mynsicht. A sort of liniment or soft mixture of the essential oils of different aromatic plants, oils of turpentine and amber.—L6mery. Balsam of Parei'ra brava, Bal'samum Pa- rei'rm bravm. A soft mixture of balsam, resin, muriate of ammonia, and powder of the root of Pareira brava. It is given internally, to excite the urinary secretion. Balsam, Peruvian, see Myroxylon Peruife- rum—b. of Peru, red, see Toluifera balsamum—■ b. of Peru, white, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. BALSAMADENDRON GILEADENSE 123 BAMBOO Balsam of Rackasi'ra or of Rakasi'ri. This Bubstance is of a yellowish-brown colour; semi- transparent ; fragile, when dry, but softening by heat; adhering to the teeth, when chewed. It has a smell similar to that of the Balsam of Tolu, and is slightly bitter. It is brought from India in gourd shells, and has been employed in dis-- eases of the urinary and genital organs, especially in gonorrhoea. Balsa^ Riga. Prepared from the shoots of the Scotch Fir, macerated in spirit of wine. In- ternally, stimulant and diuretic; externally, a vulnerary. See Pinus Cembra. Balsam of Saturn, Bal'samum Satur'ni. A solution of acetate of lead in spirit of turpentine, concentrated by evaporation ; to which camphor has been added. This balsam was applied to hasten the cicatrization of wounds. Balsam of the Samar'itan, (F.) Baume du Samaritain. A sort of liniment, prepared by boiling together, at a gentle heat, equal parts of wine and oil. It is said to have been the oint- ment used by the Samaritan of the Gospel to cure a patient covered with ulcers. Balsam, Saxon, Balsam of Life of Hoffmann. Balsam of Sulphur, Bal'samum Sulphuris, (F.) Baume de Soufre. A solution of sulphur in oil.—B. sulph. anisa'tum, (F.) B. de Soufre anise. A solution of sulphur in essential oil of aniseed; given as a carminative.—B. Sulph. succina'tum, (F.) B. de Soufre succine. A solution of sulphur in oil of amber. — B. Sulphuris terebinthina'turn, Common Dutch Drops, (F.) B. de soufre terebin- th!ne. A solution of sulphur in essential oil of turpentine, administered as a diuretic.—The Bal- sam of Sulphur of Ruland is a solution of sulphur in linseed oil or nut oil. Balsam of Sym'pathy, Balsamum Sympath'- icuui, (F.) Baume de Sympathie. A balsam, used in the days when sympathetic influence was strongly believed in. It was composed of the raspings of a human skull, blood, and human fat, and was applied to the instrument which had inflicted the wound. Balsam, Thibaut's. A tincture of myrrh, aloes, dragon's blood, flowers of St. John's wort, and Chio turpentine. Internally, diuretic; exter- nally, vulnerary. Balsam of Tolu, see Toluifera Balsamum. Balsam, Tranquil, Bal'samum tranquillum seu tranquil'Ions, (F.) B. tranquille. A liquid medicine employed, externally, in the shape of friction: it is prepared by macerating and boil- ing, in olive oil, narcotic and poisonous plants,— belladonna, mandragora, hyoscyamus, Ac.—and afterwards infusing, in the filtered decoction, different aromatic plants. It was employed as an anodyne. Balsam, Turkey, Dracocephalum Canariense. Balsam of Tur'pentine, Dutch Drops, Bal- samum Terebin'thinm. Obtained by distilling oil of turpentine in a glass retort, until a red balsam is left. It possesses the properties of the turpentines. Balsam, Vervain's, Tinctura Benzoini com- posita. Balsam, Vul'nerary, of Mindere'rus, Bal'- samum vulnera'rium Mindcre'ri, (F.) B. vulni- raire de Minderer. A kind of liniment, com- posed of turpentine, resin elemi, oil of St. John's wort, and wax. Employed in friction, and as a dressing to wounds. Balsam Weed, Impatiens fulva — b. Wound, Tinctura Benzoini composita. BALSAMADENDRON GILEADENSE, Amyris Gileadensis — b. Myrrha, see Myrrha. BALSAMARIA IXOPHYLLUM, see Fugara octandra. BALSAMELiEON, Myroxylon Peruiferum. BALSAM'IC, Balsam'icus, from jtaXcapov, 'balsam.' Possessing the qualities of balsams. Balsamic odour: — a sweet, faint, and slightly nauseous smell. Balsamic substance : — one re- sembling the balsams in property. BALSAMIER ELEMIFERE, Amyris elemi- fera — h, de la Mecque, Amyris opobalsamum. BALSAMINA, Momordica balsamina. BALSAMINE, Momordica balsamina. BALSAMITA FffiMIXEA, Achillea ageratum —b. Major, Tanacetum balsamita—b. Mas, Ta- nacetum balsamita. Balsami'ta Suav'eolens, B. odora'ta, B. ma- ris, Mentha Saracen'ica, M. Roma'va. Fam. Composites Corymbiferae. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia superflua. A plant, common in the south of France, and cultivated in the gardens; where it bears the names Menthecoq, Grand baume, Baume des Jardins. Its smell is strong and aromatic, and taste hot. It is used for the same purposes as tansey, i. e. as a stimulant, ver- mifuge, Ac. Balsamita Suaveolens, Tanacetum balsa- mita—b. Vulgaris, Tanacetum balsamita. BALSAMO-SACGIIARUM, Elseo-Saccharum. BALSAMUM, see Balsam, Amyris opobalsa- mum—b. iEgyptiacum, see Amyris opobalsamum b. Album, see Myroxylon Peruiferum—b. Alpini, Dracocephalum Canariense—b. Alpini, see Amy- ris opobalsamum — b. Anodynum, Linimentum saponis et opii—b. Apoplecticum, Balsam of life of Hoffmann—b. Aromaticum, Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b. Asiaticum, see Amyris opobalsa- mum—b. Braziliense, Copaiba — b. Calaba, see Fagara octandra — b. Canadense, see Pinus bal- samea— b. Catholicum, Tinctura benzhini com- posita— b. Cephalicum, Balsam of life of Hoff- i mann—b. Copaibas, Copaiba—b. Genuinum anti- quorum, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Hyperici simplex, see Hypericum perforatum — b. Judai- cum, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Libani, see Pinus cembra—b. Marias, see Fagara octandra— b. e Meed, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Mer- curiale, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis—b. Ner- vinum, Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b. Opodel- doc, Linimentum saponis camphoratum—b. Oph- thalmicum rubrum, Unguentum hydrargyri ni- trico-oxydi—b. Persicum, Tinctura benzoini com- posita—b. Peruanum, see Myroxylon Peruiferum b. Saturninum, Unguentum plumbi superacetatis — b. Scherzeri, Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b. Stomachicum, Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b. Styracis, Styrax—b. Styracis benzoini, Benjamin b. Succini, see Succinum — b. Sulphuris Barba- dense, Petroleum sulphuratum — b. Sulphuris simplex, Oleum sulphuratum — b. Syriacum, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Tolutanum, see Tolu- ifera balsamum — b. Tranquillans seu Tranquil- lum, Balsam, tranquil—b. Traumaticum, Tinctura benzoini composita — b. Universale, Unguentum plumbi superacetatis — b. Viride, Balsam, green, of Metz ; see Fagara octandra. BALSAMUS PALUSTRIS, Mentha aquatica, BALSEM, Amyris opobalsamum. BAMBA, Bamboo. BAMBALIA, Balbuties. BAMBA'LIO, Ram'balo, Bala'tro, from 0ap- 8aivo>, ' I speak inarticulately.' One who stam- mers or lisps, or utters inarticulate sounds. Ac- cording to Krause, one who speaks as if he had pap in his mouth, or as if the tongue were para- lyzed. BAMBOO, (F.) Bambou, Bambu. Fam. Gra- mineae. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. The young shoots of Bambos arundina'cta, Arun'do bambos, Bambu'sa arundina'aea, and of Bumbw vcrticilla'ta, contain a saccharine pith. of which BAMBOS 1 the people of both the Indies are very fond. They are sometimes made into a pickle. BAMBOS ARUNDIXACEA, Bamboo —b. Verticillata, Bamboo. BAMBUSA ARUXDIXACEA, Bamboo. BAMIX MOSCHATA, Hibiscus abelmosehus. BAMMA, from pair™, 'I plunge,' 'a paint; a dye.' Anciently, liquids were so called, in which certain bodies were plunged, to moisten or soften them. In the case of tea, for instance, into which bread is dipped, the tea would be the bamma, BANANA, Musa sapientum. BANANIER, Musa sapientum. BANAUSIA, Charlatanry. BANC D'HIPPO CRATE, Bathron. BANCAL, (F.) One who has deformed legs. It includes the valgus, compernis, and varus, which see. BANCROCHE, (F.) A vulgar epithet for a rickety individual. BAND, PRIMITIVE, see Nerve Fibre. BAN'DAGE, Desma, Syndes'mus, Hypodea' mis, Hypodesma, Hypodes'mus, (the last three signify properly an under bandage.) A binder, from Sax. bin dan, 'to bind.' This word, with the French, is generally used to express the me- thodical application of rollers, compresses, Ac, Ban'daging, Syn' desis, to fix an apparatus upon any part,—corresponding to the words deliga'tio, faaeia'tio, fascia'rum applica'tio, epid'eaia. With us the noun is usually applied to the result of the application, or to the bandage itself;—a sense in which the French employ the word Rande. IJan- dages are simple or compound. The simple ban- dage is equal, if the turns are applied circularly above each other; unequal, if the turns are not accurately applied upon each other. If each turn of the bandage be only covered one-third, it forms the doloire of the Freneh; if the edges touch only slightly, it is the mousse; if the turns are very oblique and separated, it is the spiral or creeping, (F.) rampant; if folded upon each other, it is termed the reversed, (F.) renverse. By uniting various kinds of bandaging, we have the compound; and these compound bandages have received various names expressive of their figure, or of the parts to which they are applied, as capistrum, spica, Ac. Bandages are divided, also, as regards their uses, into uniting, dividing, retaining, expelling, compressing, &c. Bandage or Roller, Fas'cia, Tm'nia, Epi- des'mos, Vin'culum, the Bande of the French, is derived from (G.) bin den, 'to bind.' It may be made of linen, flannel, or other stuff capable of offering a certain resistance. The two extre- mities of a bandage are called tails, (F.) chefs, and the rolled part is termed its head, (F.) globe. If rolled at both extremities, it is called a double- headed roller or bandage, (F.) Bande d deux globes. Bandage, Body, Manti'le, (F.) Bandage de Corps, is used for fixing dressings, Ac, to the trunk. It is formed of a towel, napkin, or some large compress, folded three or four times; the extremities of which are fastened by pins. This is again fixed by means of the scapulary bandage, which is nothing more than an ordinary ban- dage, stitched to the anterior and middle part of the napkin, passing over the clavicles and behind the head, to be attached to the back part of the napkin. Bandage, Compressing, or Roller, Fascia aompresslva seu convolu'ta, (F.) Bandage com- pressive ou route, is the simple roller with one head; and is employed in cases of ulcers, varices, Ac, of the limbs. Whenever this roller is applied to the lower part of the limbs, it is carried up- 4 BANDELETTE wards by the doloire and reversed methods above described. BANDAGE DIVISIF, Dividing bandage — 6. en Doloire, Doloire. Bandage, Eighteen-tailed, Fas'cia octod'- ecim capit'ibus, (F.) Bandage d dix huit chefs. This bandage is made of a longitudinal portion of a common roller; and with a sufficient num- ber of transverse pieces or tails, to cover as much of the part as is requisite. It is a *ery useful bandage, inasmuch as it can be undone without disturbing the part. Bandage, Galen's, B. for the Poor, Fas'cia Gale'ni seu Pau'perum, (F.) Bandage de Galien ou des Pauvres, Ga'lea, is a kind of cucullus or hood, (F.) Oouvrechef divided into three parts on each side; of which Galen has given a de- scription. See Cancer, Galeni. Bandage, Hernial, see Truss — b. Immo- vable, Apparatus, immovable. Bandage, In'guinal, Fas'cia inguina'lis. A bandage for keeping dressings applied to the groin. It consists of a cincture, to which is at- tached a triangular compress, adapted for cover- ing the groin. To the lower extremity of this, one or two bandages are attached, which pass under the thigh, and are fixed to the posterior part of the cincture. This bandage may be either simple or double. Other bandages will be found described under their various names. Bandage, Permanent, Apparatus, immovable —b. of the Poor, see Cancer Galeni; and Band- age, Galen's. Bandage of separate Strips, or B. of Scul- TE'tus, Fas'cia fasci'olis separa'tim dispos'itis seu Sculte'ti, (F.) Bandage d bandelettes separies ou de Scultet. This is formed of linen strips, each capable of surrounding once and a half the part to which they have to be applied, and placed upon each other, so as to cover successively one- third of their width. It is used chiefly for frac- tures, requiring frequent dressing. Bandage, Under, Hypodesmis—b. Unissant, Uniting bandage. BANDAGING, see Bandage—b. Doctrine of, Desmaturgia. BAN'DAGIST. One whose business it is to make bandages, and especially those for hernia. BANDE, Bandage. The word Bande, in anatomy, is used by the French for various nar- row, flat, and elongated expansions. Bande d'Heliodore, is a kind of bandage for supporting the mammae. BANDE A U, (F.) A kind of simple bandage, which consists of a piece of cloth, folded four times, and applied round the head. There is also the Bandeau ou Mouchoir en triangle or triangular bandage, a kind of couvrechef, made of a square piece of cloth, or of a handkerchief, folded diagonally, and applied round the head. BANDELETTE, (F.) Diminutive of Bande, Fasciola, Tmniola, Vitta; a narrow bandage, strip, or fillet. Also Taenia semicircularis. BANDELETTES AGGLUTINATIVES, small strips, covered with a glutinous plaster. Vittm agglutinan'tes. See Agglutinant. BANDELETTES DECOUPEES, are strips of linen, notched on one edge, and covered, on one side, with ointment. They are applied to wounds to prevent the lint from sticking, and the laceration of the cicatrix. BANDELETTE SEMICIRCULAIRE, Tae- nia semicircularis—b.^des Comesd'ammon, Corpus fimbriatum—6. des Eminences pyriformes, Taenia semicircularis—6. de I'Hippocamjje, Corpora fim- briate. \ BANDURA 125 BARK BANDURA, Nepentha destillatoria. BANDY-LEGGED, Cnemoscoliosis. BAXEBERRY, Actesa spicata. BAXGUE, Bhang, Bangi or Beng, Sedhee, Subjee. Adanson believes this to be the Nepen- thes of the ancients. The largest leaves and cap- sules without the stalks of Can'nabis In'dica, (F.) Chancre Indien, Indian hemp, probably iden- tical with C. sativa. Family, Urticeae. Sex. Syst. Dioecia Pentandria. The leaves and flowers of Cannabis are narcotic and astringent. They are chewed and smoked. The seeds, mixed with opium, areca, and sugar, produce a kind of in- toxication, and are used for this purpose by the people of India. An alcoholic extract of the plant, Churrus, has been used in India, and since then in Europe and in this country as a narcotic, and anti-convulsive, in the dose of from half a grain to ten or more. It requires, however, great caution in its administration. The pure resin— Cannabine—is aotive in the dose of two-thirds of a grain. The dried plant, which has flowered, and from which the resin has not been removed, called Gunjah or Ganjah, Haschisch, Haschich, Hachisch or Ghascltisch, of the Arabs, consists of the tops and tender parts only of the plant, collected im- mediately after inflorescence, and simply dried. BANICA, Pastinaca sativa. BANILAS, Vanilla. BAXILLA, Vanilla. BAXILLOES, Vanilla. BANISTE'RIA AXGULO'SA. This plant, in Brazil and the Antilles, passes for a powerful sudorific, and an antidote to the poison of ser- pents. BAXKSIA ABYSSINICA, Hagenia Abyssi- nica—b. Speciosa, Costus. BANNIERES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bannieres is a village in Quercy, diocess of Ca- hors, France. The waters are probably chaly- beate. They are celebrated in amenorrhoea, cachexia, jaundice, Ac. BA'OBAB, Ailanso'nia digita'ta, of Africa; Nat. Ord. Bombaceae ; one of the largest produc- tions of the vegetable kingdom. Its fruit is called, in the country, Pain de singe. The pulp is sourish, and agreeable to eat: and a refreshing drink is made from it, which is used in fevers. Prospero Alpini and Dr. L. Frank think that the Terra Lemnia was prepared, in Egypt, from the pulp. All the parts of the Baobab abound in mucilage. The bark has been given as a substi- tute for cinchona. BAPTISIA LEUCANTHA, see Sophora tinc- torial—b. Tinctoria, Sophora tinctoria. BAPTISTERIUM, Baignoire. BAR A Q UETTE, (F.) A name given by Ra- sous, physician at Nismes in France, to a catar- rhal epidemy, which occurred there in 1761. See Influenza. BARATHRON, Juniperus sabina. BARATHRUM, Antrum. BARBA, Beard—b. Aaronis, Arum maculatum —b. Caprae, Spiraea ulmaria—b. Hirci, Tragopo- gon—b. Jovis, Sempervivum tectorum. BARBADOES, see West Indies —b. Leg, see Elephantiasis. BARBAREA, Erysimum Barbarea—b. Stricta, Erysimum Barbarea. BARBAROS'S^E PIL'UL^E, Barbaros'sa's Pills. An ancient composition of quicksilver, rhubarb, diagridium, musk, Ac It was the first internal mercurial medicine, which obtained any real credit. BAR BE, Beard—b. de Bone, Tragopogon. BARBEAU, Cyanus segetum. BARBER-CHIRUR'GEONS. A Corporation of London, instituted by king Edward IV. The barbers were separated from the surgeons, by 18 Geo. II., c. 15; and the latter were erected into & Royal College of Surgeons at the commencement of the present century. BARBERS, ARMY, see Bathers. BARBERIE, MINERAL WATERS OF. These mineral waters are half a leagin from Nantes. They contain carbonic acid, chlorides of magnesium and sodium, sulphate of magnesia, carbonates of magnesia, lime, and iron. They are used as chalybeates. BARBERRY, Oxycantha Galeni — b. Ameri- can, see Oxycantha Galeni. BARBIERS. A variety of paralysis chiefly prevalent in India; and by many considered to be the same as Beriberi. Beriberi is commonly an acute disease. Barbiers is generally chronic. BARBITIUM, Beard. BAR-BONE, Pubis, os. BARBOTINE, Artemisia Santonica. BARBULA CAPRIXA, Spiraea ulmaria. BARCLAY'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pilulae antibiliosos. BARDADIA, Pound. BARD AN A, Arctium lappa — b. Minor, Xan- thium. BARDANE PETITE, Xanthium. BAREGES, MIXERAL WATERS OF. Bareges is a village in the department of Hautes Pyrenees, near which are several springs. They are sulphureous and thermal, the heat varying from 85° to 112° Fahrenheit. They contain chlorides of magnesium and sodium, sulphates of magnesia and lime, carbonate of lime, sul- phur, Ac. These springs have long enjoyed a high reputation, and are daily advised in cutane- ous and scrofulous affections, Ac. Factitious Bareges Water, Aqua Baregi- nen'sis, (F.) Eau de Bareges, is made by adding, hydrosulphuretted water, f^iv, to pure water, fgxvijss, carbonate of soda, gr. xvj, chloride of sodium, gr. ss. Bottle closely. BARGADA, Convolvulus pes caprias. BARGOU. An alimentary preparation formed of ground oats, boiled to a proper consistence with water. BARIGLIA, Soda. BARII CHLORIDUM, Baryta, muriate of— b. lodidum, Baryta, hydriodate of. BARILLA, Soda—b. Alicant, Soda—b. Car- thagena, Soda—b. Turkey, Soda. BARILLOR, Soda. BARIUM, Ba'ryum, Barylium, Pluto'nium, from (iapvg, 'heavy.' The metallic base of ba- ryta, so called from the great density of its com- pounds. Barium, Chloride of, Baryta., muriate of— 6. Chlorure de, Baryta, muriate of—b. Iodide of, Baryta, hydriodate of—b. Protoxide of, Baryta. BARK, Cinchona — b. Bitter, Pinckneya pu- bens—b. Calisaya, Cinchonae cordifolia3 cortex— b. Caribaean, Cinchonae Caribaetc cortex—b. Car- thagena, see Cinchona — b. Crown, Cinchonae lancifoliae cortex — b. Elk, Magnolia glauca—b. Essential salt of, see Cinchona — b. Florida, Pinckneya pubens — b. Georgia, Pinckneya pu- bens — b. Gray, see Cinchona — b. Huanuco, see Cinchona—b. Indian, Magnolia glauca — b. Je- suit's, Cinchona — b. Loxa, Cinchona? lancifoliae cortex—b. Pale, Cinchonae lancifoliae cortex—b. Maracaybo, see Cinchona—b. Peruvian, Cincho- na— b. Pitaya, Cinchonae Caribajas cortex — b. Red, Cinchonae oblongifoliae cortex — b. Saint Lucia, Cinchonas Caribaeae cortex — b. Santa Martha, see Cinchona--b. Silver, see Cinchona —b. Yellow, Cinchonae cordifolise cortex. BARLERIA 126 BASIL BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA, Cara schulli. BARLEY, PEARL, see Hordeum—b. Scotch, Hordeum—b. Water, Decoctum hordei. BARM, Vest BARXET, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bar- net is not far from London. The water is of a purging quality, like that of Epsom, and about half the strength. BAROMACROM'ETER, P mdobaromocrom'- eter, Padonleter, from ffapog, 'weight,' puicpog, 'long,' and ptrpov, 'measure.' An instrument invented by Stein to indicate the length and weight of a new-born infant. BAROM'ETER, Baroscop'ium, Ba'roscope, from (iupog, 'weight,' and ptrpov, 'measure.' (F.) Barometre. An instrument which measures the weight of the air. A certain degree of density in this medium is necessary for health. When we ascend high mountains great inconvenience is experienced, owing to the diminished density. Changes of this character are indicated by the Barometer or weather-glass. BA'ROS, jSapos, 'heaviness.' Employed by the Greek physicians to designate the feeling of las- situde and heaviness observable in many diseases. —Hippocrates, Galen. BAROSCOPE, Barometer. BAROSMA CRENATA, Diosma crenata. BAROTES SALITUS, Baryta, muriate of. BARRAS, see Pinus sylvestris. BARRE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Barre is a small town, six leagues from Strasburg. The waters are thermal, and contain much iron, ealcareous salt, Ac. They are diuretic and tonic. BARRE (F.) Rarrure, Vara, 'a bar.' A pro- jection or prolongation of the symphysis pubis : —a deformity rendering delivery difficult. BAR REE (F.) A term applied, in France, to a female whose pelvis has the deformity de- scribed under Barre. BARREES, (DENTS.) The molar teeth, when the roots are spread or tortuous, so that they cannot be extracted without being broken ; or without a portion of the alveolar arch being removed. BARREL OF THE EAR, Tympanum. BARRENNESS, Sterilitas. BARROS, Terra Portugallica. BARR URE, Rarre. BARTON'S FRACTURE, see Fracture of the Radius, Barton's. BARYCOCCALON, Datura stramonium. BARYCOITA, Baryecoia. BARYECOI'A, Barycoi'ta, Bradyecoi'a, Pa- racusia obtu'sa, Disecoi'a, Dysecoz'a, Audi'tus diffie"ilis, Obaudi'tio, Obaudi'tus, A. gravis, A. imminu'tus, Hypocopho'sis, Hypochyro'sia, (F.) Durete d' Oreille, from ftapvg, ' heavy,' and anon, ' hearing.' Hardness of hearing, incomplete deafness. See Cophosis, and Deafness. BARYGLOSSIA, Balbuties, Baryphonia. BARYI HYDRAS IODATI, Baryta, hydrio- date of. BARYLALIA^Baryphonia. BARYOD'YNE, from fiapvq, 'heavy,' and oSvvn, •pain.' A dull, heavy pain. BARYPHO'NIA, Baryglos'sia, Baryla'lia, Loque'la impedi'ta, from (lapvg,' heavy,' and j, Acid. Muriat. f^xij, Aqua, Oiij. Mix the acid with the water, and gradually add the Carbonate of Baryta. To- ward the close of the effervescence, apply a gentle heat, and, when the action has ceased, filter the liquor, and boil it down so that crystals may form as it cools. Ph. U. S. It is given in the form of the Solu'tio Muria'tis Baryta, Liquor Barii Ohlo'ridi, Ph. U. S., Aqua baryta muria'tis, (F.) Solution de Muriate de Baryte, (Muriate of Raryta, one part; distilled water, three parts,) and is employed in scrofulous cases, worms, and cutaneous diseases. Exter- nally, to fungous ulcers and to specks on the cornea. Baryta Carbonas, Baryta (Carbonate) — b. Hydriodas, Baryta, hydriodate of—b. Murias, Baryta, muriate of. BAR YTE, Baryta— 6. Carbonate de, Baryta* carbonate of. BARYTHMIA, Melancholy. BARYTIUM, Barium. BARYUM, see Barium. RAS-FOND, see Urinary Bladder. BAS-LASSE, Stocking, laced. BAS VENTRE, Abdomen. BASAAL. The name of an Indian tree, the decoction of whose leaves, in water, with ginger, is used as a gargle in diseases of the fauces. The kernels of the fruit are vermifuge. BASANASTRA'GALA, from fiaoavog, 'torture,' and aarpayaXog, ' the astragalus.' Pain in the ankle joint; gout in the foot. BASANIS'MOS, from Paoavifa,, 'to explore. 'A touch-stone.' Investigation or examination' —Hippocrates, Galen. BASE, Rasis, from (iaivia, 'I proceed,' 'I rest,' 'I support myself.' That which serves as a foun- dation or support. That which enters, as a prin- cipal matter, into a mixture or combination. In anatomy, it is employed in the former sense, as Base of the Cranium, Base of the Brain—Basis seu Pa rim en'tum cere'bri; Base of a process, &c, Base of the heart—Basis vel coro'na cordis. In the art of prescribing, Basis is the chief substance which enters into a' compound formula. BASEMENT MEMBRANE, see Membrane, basement. BASIATIO, Coition. BASIATOR, Orbicularis oris. BASIL, BUSH, Ocymum earyophyllatum—-'d. Citron, Ocymum basilicum— b. Common, Ocy- mum basilicum—b. Small, Ocymum earyophylla- tum—b. Wild, Chenopodium vulgare—b. Wild, BASILAD 127 BATH Cunila mariana — b. Wild, Pycnanthemum in- canum. BASILAD, see Basilar Aspect BAS'ILAR, Basila'ris, Bas'ilary, (F.) Basi- laire. That which belongs to the base, from 0aaig, 'base.' This name has been given to seve- ral purts, which seem to serve as basis to others. The sacrum and sphenoid have been hence so called. Basilar Artery, A. basila'ris, A. cervica'lis, (F.) Artere ou Tronc basilaire, A. mesocepltalique (Ch.) The union of the two vertebral arteries. It ascends along the middle groove on the infe- rior surface of the tuber, and is supported, be- neath by the Fossa basilaris. It terminates in the posterior cerebral arteries. Basilar Aspect, An aspect towards the base of the head.—Barclay. Basilad is used adverbi- ally by the same writer to signify ' towards the basilar aspect.' Basilar Fossa, (F.) Gouttiere ou Fosse basi- laire, is the upper surface of the basilary process, —so called because it is channeled like a Fossa or Gutter. The Tuber annulare rests upon it. Basilar Process, Proces'sus basila'ris ossis occip'itii, P. cuneifor'mis ossis occip'itis, (F.) Apophyse Baailaire, Prolongement sous-occipital, Ou'neiform Process, is the bony projection, formed by the inferior angle of the os occipitis, which is articulated with the sphenoid. Basilar Sinus, Sinus transversus. Basilar Surface, (F.) Surface basilaire, is the inferior surface of the process. It is covered by the mucous membrane of the pharynx. Basilar Vertebra. The last vertebra of the loins. BASIL'IC, Basil'icus, from /JacrtXiicog, 'royal.' This name was given, by the ancients, to parts which they conceived to play an important part in the animal economy. Basilic Vein, Vena basilica, V. cu'biti inte'- rior, (F.) Veine Bosilique, Veine cubitale cuta- nee of Chaussier. This vein is one of those on which the operation of blood-letting is performed. It is situate at the internal part of the fold of the elbow, in front of the humeral artery, and is formed by the anterior and posterior cubital veins, and by the median basilic. It terminates, in the arm-pit, in the axillary vein. The an- cients thought, that the basilic of the right arm had some connexion with the liver, and hence they called it hepatic. The vein of the left arm, for a similar reason, they called splenic The Median Basilic Vein, (F.) Veine mSdiane basi- lique, is one of the branches of the preceding vein. It joins the median cephalic at an acute angle, or rather by a transverse branch, and re- ceives some branches of the deep radial and cu- bital veins, and a considerable subcutaneous vein —the common median. BASILIC CO MM UN, Ocymum basilicum—b. Sauvage, grand, Chenopodium vulgare. BASIL'ICON, Basilicum. 'Royal,' or of great virtue. An ointment, composed of yellow wax, black pitch, and resin, of each one part, olive oil, four parts. Hence it was called Un- guen'tum Tetraphar'macum, (rtrpaipappaKa, 'four drugs.')—Celsus. Scribonius Largus. Basilicon, Baailicum, of the Parisian Codex, is the Onguent de Poix et de Cire. In most Phar- macopoeias, it is represented by the Ungucu'tum or Cera'tum Resi'nm. It is used as a stimulating ointment. See Ceratum Resinae, and Unguen- tum Resinae Nigrae. BASILICUM, Basilicon, Ocymum Basilicum .— b. Citratum, Ocymum basilicum — b. Majus, Ocymum basilicum. BASLLISCUS, Syphilis. BASIO-CERATO-CHONDRO-GLOSSUS, Hyoglossus. BASIO-CER'ATO-GLOSSUS, from Parts, ' base,' Kepag, ' cornu,' and yXuiaoa, ' tongue.' A name given to a part of the hyoglossus, which ia inserted into the cornu of the os hyoides and ba«# of the tongue. BASIOCES'TRUM, from fiaoig, 'the base/ and Ktarpa, ' a dart.' An instrument for opening the head of the foetus in utero, invented by Mes- ler, a German. BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS, Hypseloglos'sus, Hyoba- sioglossus, Ypseloglos'sus, from fiaaig, 'base,' and yXuieaa, ' the tongue.' A name formerly given to the portion of the hyoglossus which is inserted into the base of the os hyoides.—Riolan, Thomas Bartholine. See Lingual Muscle. BASIO PHARYNGJS'US, from fiaoig, 'base,' and Qapvyl;, 'the pharynx.' A name given to some fibres of the constrictor pharyngis medius. -—Winslow. BASIS, see Prescription—b. Cerebri, Base of the Brain—b. Cordis, Radix cordis—b. Corporis, Sole. BASSI-COL'ICA. Name of a medicine com- posed of aromatics and honey. — Scribonius Largus. BASSIA BUTYRACEA, see Spirit, (Arrack.) BASSIN, Pelvis—b. Oculaire, Seaphium ocu- BASS1NER, to foment. BASSINET, Pelvis of the kidney, Ranunculus bulbosus. BAS'SORA, GUM. A gum, obtained from a plant unknown, which came originally from the neighbourhood of Bassora, on the Gulf of Per- sia, whence its name. It is in irregularly shaped pieces, white or yellow, and intermediate in its transparency between gum Arabic and gum tra- gacanth. Only a small portion is soluble in water. The insoluble portion is a peculiar prin- ciple, called Bassorin. It is not used in medi- cine ; but bassorin enters into the composition of several substances. BASSORIN, see Bassora gum. BASSWOOD, Tilia. BATA, Musa Paradisiaca. BATABAS, Solanum tuberosum. BATA'TAS. The inhabitants of Peru gave this appellation to several tuberous roots, espe- cially to Convolvulus Batatas or Sweet Potato. Our word, Potato, comes from this. BATEMAN'S PECTORAL DROPS, see Pec- toral Drops, Bateman's. BATERIOX, Bathron. BATES'S ANODYNE BALSAM, Linimentum saponis et opii. BATH, Anglo-Saxon, ba?5, Balneum, Bala- ne'um, Baline'um, Loutron, (F.) Bain. Immer- sion, or stay, for a longer or shorter duration, of the whole or a part of the body, in some medium, as water. Act of plunging into a liquid, sand, or other substance, in which it is the custom to bathe, Plunge Bath. Also, the vessel in which the water is put for bathing. Also, a public or private establishment for bathing. In Pharmacy, a vessel, placed over a fire, and filled with any substance, into which another vessel is placed, containing matters for digestion, evaporation, or distillation. Bath, Acid, Balneum aeJ'idum (Acid, muriat. ihij; Apia, cong. lxvi. One half, one third, or one fourth the quantity of acid is more frequentiv employed.) Bath, Acid, Scott's, see Scott's Acid Buth. Bath, Air, Hot, see Bath, hot—b. Air, warm, see Bath, hot. Bath, Al'kaline, Bolieum alkuli'num. Tim BATH 1 may be made of half a pound or a pound of pearl- ash or of carbonate of soda, to sixty-six gallons of water. Bath, An'imal, Balneum Anima'le, consists in wrapping an animal recently killed, or its skin, around the body, or some part of it. Bath, Antipsor'ic, Balneum ant ipso'ricum. Recommended in cases of itch and other cuta- neous diseases. (Potass, sulphuret. Sjiv, Aqum cong. lx.) Bath, Antisyphilit'ic, Balneum antisy2)hilit'- icum, Mercu'rial bath. Made by dissolving from two drachms to an ounce of the corrosive chloride of mercury in sixty gallons of water. Bath, Arm, Brachilu'vium. A bath for the arm." Bath, Cold, see Bath, hot—b. Cool, see Bath, hot. Bath, Dry, is one made of ashes, salt, sand, Ac The ancients used these frequently for the- rapeutical purposes. Bath, Earth, Arenatio. Bath, Elec'tric, (F.) Bain electrique, consists in placing the person upon an insulated stool, communicating, by a metallic wire, with the principal conductor of the electrical machine in action. The Electric Bath produces general ex- citement of all the functions, and especially of the circulation and secretions. Bath, Foot, Pedilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Pied, a bath for the feet. Bath, Gelat'inous, Balneum gelatino'sum. Made by dissolving two pounds of gelatin in a gallon of water. Bath, General, (F.) Bain Entier, is one in which the whole body is plunged, except the head; in contradistinction to the partial bath, Merobalane'um, Merobalneum. Bath, Half, Semieu'pium, Excathis'ma, lu- ces'sio, Inces'sus. is one adapted for half the body. One, for receiving only the hips or extremities, is also so called. The Sitz-bath, (G.) Sitzbad, of the hydropa- thists is a tub of cold water, in which the patient sits for a variable period. Bath, Hand, Mannlu'vium, (F.) Bain de Main ou Manuluve, is a bath for the hands. Bath, Head, Oapitilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Tete ou Oapitiluve, a bath for the head. Bath, Hip, Coxalu'vium, (F.) Bain de Fau- teuil, Bain de Siege, is one in which the lower part of the trunk and upper part of the thighs are immersed. Bath, Hot, Balneum Cal'idnm, Zestolu'sia, (F.) Bain chaud, is a bath, the temperature of which is 98° and upwards; the Warm Bath from 92° to 98°; the Tepid Bath, (F.) Bain Tiede, Balneum tep'idum, from 85° to 92°; the Temperate Bath, (F.) Bain tempere, from 75° to 85°; the Cool Bath, (F.) Bain frais, from 60° to 75°; the Cold Bath, Balneum frig'idum, Frigida'rium, (F.) Bain froid, Bain tres froid, (of some,) from 30° to 60°; and the Vapour Bath, Balneum vapo'ris, (F.) Bain de Vapeur, Etuve Humide, from 100° to 130°, and upwards. See Vaporarium. A Warm Air Bath, or Hot Air Bath, consists of air the temperature of which is raised. Bath, Med'icated, Balneum Medica'tum, (F.) Bain medicinal, is a bath, formed of decoctions or infusions of vegetable substances, or of any in- gredient, introduced into the water for therapeu- tical purposes. Bath, Mercurial, Bath, antisyphilitic — b. Nitro muriatic acid, Scott's acid bath. Bath, Plunge, see Bath. Bath, Sand, Balneum Are'na, (F.) Bain de Sable, consists of a vesse1 filled with sand, and placed over the fire, Into this vessel, the one is BATISSE put which contains the substance to be evapo- rated. See Psammismus. Bath, Sea Water, Balneum Mar'im, (F.) Rain Marie, consists of a vessel filled with boil- ing sea water, or salt water, in which the vessel is placed, that contains the substance to be eva- porated. Bain Marie is, however, at the present day often employed for any form of water bath. Bath, Shower, Iniplu'vium, is one in which the water is made to fall like a shower on the body. See Douche. Bath, Sitz, see Bath, half. Bath, Steam, may be formed by introducing steam into a properly closed vessel in place of water, as in the water bath. Bath, Succes'sion, Transition bath. A term applied to the rapid succession or transition from a cold to a warm or hot bath, or conversely.—BelL Bath, Sulphur, Balneum Sulph'uris. A bath much used in psora, and other chronic cutaneous affections. It may be composed of two oumees of diluted sulphuric acid, and eight ounces of sulphuret of potassium added to each bath. Bath, Tan. An astringent bath, prepared, at times, by boiling two or three handfuls of ground oak-bark,—such as is used by tanners—in two or three quarts of water, for half an hour, and then adding the decoction to the water of the bath. Bath, Temperate, see Bath, hot—b. Tepid, see Bath, hot. Bath, Transition, Bath, succession. Bath, Vapour, see Bath, hot, and Vapora- rium—b. Warm, see Bath, hot. Bathing is much employed in the treatment of disease. The cold bath, especially the cold sea bath, is a sedative and indirect tonic: the warm bath a relaxant; and the hot bath a stimulant. The regular use of the bath is extremely con- ducive to health ; but if too much indulged in, it is apt to produce injurious effects. BATH, MINERAL WATERS OF, Aqum Batho'nia vel Bad'iza, Aqua So/Is, Aqum Bad'- igum. Celebrated thermal springs at Bath, in England. They contain but little impregnation, and are chiefly indebted to their temperature, from 112° to 117° Fahrenheit, for their utility. The main ingredients are sulphate of lime, chlo- ride of sodium, sulphate of soda, carbonate of lime, protoxide of iron, free carbonic acid and azote. These waters are employed in the most hete- rogeneous cases; and are serviceable where the simple thermal springs are indicated, as in rheu- matism, paralysis, Ac. BA'TIIER, same etymon; Balnea'rius, Bali- nea'tor, Balnea'tor, (F.) Baigneur. One who bathes. Anciently, the name was given to those that administered baths to the diseased, — the Etuvistes of the French. At the present day, in remote districts in Germany, the country people call their medical practitioners B'ader, or 'bath- men,' and Feldscheeren, or 'army barbers.' BATIIMIS, Bathmus, 'base, support' The cavity of a bone, which receives the eminence of another; and especially the two Fossettes at the inferior extremity of the humerus into which the processes of the ulna are received, during the flexion and extension of the fore-arm. BATnROX, Bathrum Hippoc'ratis, Scamnum Hippoc'ratis, L'atc'rion, ' a step, a ladder.' (F.) Banc d'Hippocrate. An instrument, used for the extension of a limb, in cases of fracture or luxa- tion. The description of it is found in Galen, Oribasius, and Scultetus, with a figure. BATHRUM HIPPOCRATIS, Bathron. BATIA, Retort. BATISSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba- 8 BATOS 129 BEBEERU tisse is three leagues from Clermont, in France. The water is tepid, and contains subcarbonate and sulphate of soda,, sulphates of lime and iron, muriate of magnesia, and carbonate of lime. BATOS, Rubus Idaeus. BATRACHUS, Ranula. BATTALISM'US, Battaris'mus, from (Jarra- f«v. ' to stammer.' Balbuties. Stammering with incapacity to pronounce the R. BATT'ALUS, Baltarus, same etymon. A stammerer, a stutterer. BATTARISMUS, Battalismus. BATTARUS, Battalus. BATTATA VIRGINIANA, Solanum tubero- sum. BATTEMENS DOUBLES, see Bruit du Cceur foetal. BATTEMENT, Pulsation. BAUDRICOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. Baudricourt is a town of France, two leagues and a half from Mirecourt. The waters are sul- phureous. BAUDRUCHES, Condom. BAUH1N, VALVE OF, Valve of Tul'pius, V. of Fallo'pius, V. of Varo'lius, R'eo-cacal Valve, Ileo-eolic Valve, Valvula Ilei, Val'vula Coli, V. Oceci, Oper'culum Ilei, Sphincter Ilei. This name is given to the valve situate trans- versely at the place where the ileum opens into the ccecum, and which Bauhin says he discovered at Paris, in 1759. It had, however, been pre- viously described by several anatomists; as by Vidus Vidius, Postius, Ac BAUME, Balsam—b. d'Acier, Balsam, chaly- beate—b. Aromatique, Balsam, aromatic—b. d'Ai- guilles, Balsam, chalybeate—b. Apoplectique, Bal- sam, apoplectic—6. d' Arcmus, Arcseus, balsam of; see, also, Balsam of Arcaeus — b. d'Arceus, Un- guentum elemi compositum—b. Benjoin, Benjamin 6. Blanc, see Amyris Opobalsamum—6. du Rresil, Copaiba—b. de Canada, see Pinus balsamea—b. de Cannelle, Laurus cinnamomum—b. de Carpa- thie, Balsam of Carpathia—b. de Carthagene, see Toluifera balsamum—b. de Constantinople blanc, see Amyris opobalsamum—b. de Copahu, Copaiba — b. Cordiale de Sennerte, Balsam, cordial, of Sennertus — 6. d'Eau d feuilles ridees, Mentha crispa—b. de Feuillet, Balsam, green, of Metz — 6. de Fioraventi spiritueuse, Balsam, spirituous, of Fioraventi — b. de Fourcroy ou de Laborde, Balsam of Fourcroy or Laborde — b. de Galaad, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. de Genevilve, Bal- sam of Genevieve — 6. Grand, Tanacetum bal- samita — b. du Grand Caire, see Amyris opobal- samum — b. Hypnotique, Balsam, Hypnotic — b. Hysterique, Balsam, hysteric — b. des Jardins, Mentha viridis — b. de Lucatel, Balsam, Luca- telli's—b. Nervin, Balsam, nervous—6. de Perou, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. du Samaritain, Balsam of the Samaritan — b. Saxon, Balsam, Saxon — b. de Soufre, Balsam of sulfur — b. de Sympathie, Balsam of sympathy — 6. Tran- quille, Balsam, tranquil — b. de Tolu, see Tolui- fera balsamum — b. de Vanille, Vanilla—b. Vert, see Fagara octandra — b. Vert de Metz, Balsam, green, of Metz — b. de Vie d'Hoffmann, Balsam of Life, of Hoffmann—6. de Vie de Lelievre, Tinc- tura aloes composita — b. Vrai, see Amyris opo- balsamum — b. Vulneraire de Minderer, Balsam, vulnerary, of Mindererus. » BAURAC, (Arab.) Nitre, or salt in general. From this word comes Borax. BAURIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Baurin is a village four leagues from Roye, department of Somme. The waters are strongly chalybeate. BAVE, (F.) Saliva ex orefiuens, Spuma, Hu- mor Sali'vus. Frothy, thick, viscid saliva, issu- ing from the mouth. This drivelling or slaver- 9 ing, we see in children, old people, Ac. The term is, also, applied to the frothy liquid, which flows from the mouth of rabid animals. Sauvages uses it synonymously with salivation. BAY, CASTOR, Magnolia glauca — b. Rose, Rhododendron chrysanthemum — b. Rose, Ame- rican, Rhododendron maximum—b. Sweet, Lau- rus — b. White, Magnolia glauca and M. inacro- phylla. BDALSIS, Sucking. BDELLA, Hirudo. BDEL'LIUM. Myrrha imperfecta, Bolchon, Madeleon, Balchus. A gum-resin, brought from the Levant and India, and supposed to be ob- tained from a species of Amyris, little known. It is solid, brittle, of a deep brown colour, of an acrid and bitter taste, and sweet odour. Tt was much vaunted by the ancients, but is now little employed. Two different gum-resins have been in the shops distinguished by the names Indian and African bdellium. Dr. Royle was informed that the former was obtained from Am'yris Com- miphora, growing in India and Madagascar. The latter is said to be from Heudelo'tia Afri- ca'na, which grows in Senegal. BDELLOM'ETER, from fiotXXa, 'a leech,' and ptrpov, 'measure.' An instrument, proposed as a substitute for the leech; inasmuch as we can tell the quantity of blood obtained by it, whilst we cannot by the leech. It consists of a cupping- glass, to which a scarificator and exhausting syringe are attached. BDELLUS, Fart. BDELYGMIA, Fart. BDELYGMUS, Fart. BDESMA, Flatulence. BDOLUS, Fart. BEAD TREE, Melia Azedarach. BEAN, CARTHAGENA, Habilla de Cartha- gena — b. Egyptian, Nymphaaa nelumbo — b. French, Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Garden, com- mon, Vicia faba—b. Indian, Catalpa—b. Kidney, Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Malacca, Avicennia to- mentosa — b. Pontic, Nymphaea nelumbo — b. Red, Abrus precatorius — b. Sacred, Nelumbium luteum — b. St. Ignatius's, Ignatia amara — b. Trefoil tree, see Cytisine. BEAN TREE, WHITE, Crataegus aria. BEARBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi. BEARD, Barba, Pogon, Genei'on, Barbi'tium, (F.) Barbe. The hair which covers a part of the cheeks, the lips, and chin of the male sex, at the age of puberty. BEAR'S BREECH, Acanthus mollis—b. Foot, Helleborus foetidus — b. Fright, Heptallon gra- veolens—b. Whortleberry, Arbutus uva ursi. BEARWEED, Veratrum viride. BEASTIXGS, Colostrum. BEATING OF THE HEART, see Heart. BEAUGENCY, MIXERAL WATERS OF. Beaugency is a quarter of a league from Orleans. The waters contain subcarbonate of soda, iron, magnesia, and lime. They are tonic and ape- rient. BEAUMONT ROOT, Gillenia trifoliate. BEAUVAIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. These waters are chalybeate. Beauvais is in Picardie, France. BEAVER, Castor fiber —b. Wood, Magnolia glauca—b. Tree, Magnolia macrophylla. BEBEERIA, see Bebeeru. BEBEERINE, see Bebeeru. BEBEERU, Sipeeri. A tree of British Gui- ana,, which yields two alkalies—Bebeerin, Bebee- ri'na, Bebee'ria, and Sipeerine; and in its pro- perties resembles the Cinchona. It has been re- ferred to Nectan'dra Rodiei. The timber of the tree is known to ship-builders by the name grean BEC i: fcearf. The Sulphate of Bebeeria has been em- ployed in intermittents. Warburg's Fever Drops, Tinctu'ra antifebrllis Warbur'gi, an empirical antiperiodic preparation, have by some been con- sidered to be a tincture of the seeds of the Be- beeru, but this is questionable. BEC, (F.) Rostrum, Beak. This name has been applied to various parts. BEC C0RAC01DIEN, (F.) Cor'acoid beak, is the end of the eoracoid process. BEC DE CUILLER, Ham'ulus. An instru- ment used for the extraction of balls. It consists of an iron rod, 7 or 8 inches long, having at one extremity a small cavity, into which the ball is received to be drawn outwards. See Cochleari- formis. BEC DE GRUE MUSQUE, Geranium Mos- chatum—b. de Grue Robertin, Geranium Roberti- anurn—b. de Lievre, Harelip. BEC DE LA PLUME A ECRIRE, (F.) Beak of the Calamus Scripto'rius, is a small cavity at the superior part of the medulla oblongata, which forms part of the 4th ventricle. BEC (Le,) MIXERAL WATERS OF. Bee is six leagues from Rouen, in Normandy. The water is strongly chalybeate. BECCABUNGA, Veronica Beccabung*. BECHyESTHE'SIS, from 0t,|, 'cough,' and aiaOnaig, ' sensation.' The excitement or desire to cough. BECHIA, Tussis. BECHIAS, Tussis. BE'CHICS, Be'chica, Becha, Bec'chica, Be'- chita, from (in%, 'cough,' (F.) Bechiques. Medi- cines adapted for allaying cough. BECHITA, Bechic BECHIUM. Tussilago. BECHORTHOPNCEA, Pertussis. BECUIBA, Ibicuiba. BED'EGAR, Bedeguar, Bedegnard, Spnn'gia Cynos'bati, Fungus Rosa'rum, F. Cynos'bati, (F.) Pomme mousseuse, Eponge d'eglantier. An ex- crescence, which makes its appearance on dif- ferent species of wild roses, and which is pro- duced by the puncture of a small insect,— Cy- nips Rosm. It was formerly employed as a lithontriptie and vermifuge, but is not now used. It was slightly astringent. BEDFORD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bed- ford is a village, situate on the great Western Turnpike road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, a few miles east of the chief elevation of the Alle- ghany mountains. There are various* springs, saline, chalybeate and sulphureous.—The most celebrated contains carbonic acid, sulphate of magnesia, chlorides of sodium and calcium, and carbonate of iron. BEDSTRAW, Galium verum — b. Ladies, greater, Galium mollugo, Galium verum — b. Rough, Galium asprellum — b. Ladies, rough, Galium asprellum. BEE, Sax. beo. Apis, A. mellifica seu domeslica, Mclis'sa, Melitta, (F.) Abeille. This insect was formerly exhibited, when dried and powdered, as a diuretic. Bke in the Bonnet, see Insanity. BEEBREAD, Propolis. BEECH, Fagus sylvatica—b. Drop, Orobanche Virginiana — b. Drops, false, Hypopitys lanugi- nosa— b. Albany, Pterospora Andromedea — b. Mast, see Fagus svlvatica. BEEF ESSENCE, see Beef tea. Beef Ty.^., Jus bovi'num. An infusion of beef, much Used in debilitating maladies, and in con- val>ecence. It may be made as follows: Take two pounds and a half of lean beef; cut it in small pieces into three parts of water in an earthen pipkin: let this simmer, but never boil, until the BELLESME liquor is consumed to a pint and a half: then strain carefully. It ought to be entirely free from fat or grease.—Dr. E. J. Seymour. Essence of beef—as it has been called—may be made by putting a pound of good beef, freed from fat, and cut into small pieces, into a porter-bottle, corking lightly. The bottle must be put into boiling water, and kept there until the water has been boiling at least half an hour. As the boiling goes on, the cork may be inserted a little more tightly, to retain the contents of the bottle. The juices of the beef are thus separated, and consti- tute the 'essence,' which may be seasoned to the taste. It contains much nutriment. BEEN, Centaurea behen. BEER, Cerevisia — b. Black, see Falltranck— b. Pipsissewa, see Pyrola umbellate. BEET, Beta. BEGAIEMENT, Balbuties. BEGMA,— according to some, Bregma,—from finaativ or fipnoattv, 'to expectorate after cough- ing.' Coughing; also, the sputum or expectorated matter.—Hippocrates. BEGO'NIA. The Begonia grandifio'ra and B. tomento'sa have astringent roots, which are used in Peru in cases of hemorrhage, scurvy, low fevers, Ac. BEGUE, Balbns. BEHEN ABIAD, Centaurea behen — b. Al- bum, Centaurea behen — 6. Officinarum, Cucu- balus behen — b. Rouge, Statice limonium — b. Vulgaris, Cucubalus behen. BEHMEN ACKMAR, Statice limonium. BEIAIIALALEX, Sempervivum tectorum. BEIDELSAR, Asclepias procera. BEJUIO, Habilla de Garth agena. BELA-AYE or BE-LAHE. A tonic and astringent bark of a Madagascar tree. Du-petit- Thouars and Sonnerat think it may be substi- tuted for the Simarouba. BELADAMBOC. A species of convolvulus of the Malabar coast, which contains an acrid milky juice. From this a liniment is formed with oil and ginger, which is used against the bites of rabid animals. BE-LAHE, Bela-aye. BELA-MODAGAM. A kind of Semrola of the Malabar coast, the leaves of which are con- sidered diuretic and emmenagogue. BEL ANDRE, (F.) A litter, surrounded with curtains, in which patients are sometimes carried to hospitals. BELCHING, Eructation. BELEMNOID, Belenoid. BELEMNOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid pro- cesses. BEL'ENOID, BEL'ONOID, BEL'EMNOID or BEL'OID, Belendi'des or BelemnoVdes Pro- ces'sus, from fitXog, 'an arrow,' and eiSog, 'shape.' This name has been given to styloid processes in general—Procesaus belcnoi'dea. BELESME, see Bellesme. BELESON, Balsam, Mussaenda frondosa. BELILLA, Mussaenda frondosa. BELINUM. Apium Graveolens. BELI OCULUS. Belloculus. BELL, CANTERBURY, Campanula trache- lium. BELLADONE. Atropa belladonna. BELLADOX'XA, in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, is the officinal name of the leaves of Atropa Belladonna. Belladonna Baccifera, Atropa belladonna— b. Trichotoma, Atropa belladonna. BELLE DAME, Atropa belladonna, BELLEGU, Myrobalanus. BELLEREGI, Myrobalanus. BELLESME, MINERAL WATERS OF. 10 BELLEY 131 BENZOIN B*llesme is about three leagues from Montagne ia France. The waters are chalybeate. BELLEY, MINERAL WATERS OF. The waters at Belley, department of Ain, in France, are saline aperients. BELLIDOIDES, Chrysanthemum leucan- themum. BELLIS, Bellus ('pretty,') B. peren'nia seu minor seu horten'sis, Sym'phytum min'imum, Bruisewort, Common Daisy, (F.) Paquerette vi- vace, petite Marguerite. The leaves and flowers are rather acrid. They were, at one time, con- sidered to cure different species of wounds. See Osmitopsis asteriscoides. Bellis Hortensis, Bellis—b. Major, Chrysan- themum leucanthemum — b. Minor, Bellis — b. Perennis, Bellis — b. Pratensis, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. BELL METAL, Calcocos, (F.) Airain, Metal des cloches. An alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and a small quantity of antimony, used for making bells. The mortars of the apothecary are often formed of this material. They require to be kept clean, to avoid the formation of verdigris. BELLOCULUS, Beli Oc'ulus. A kind of gem, which the Assyrians considered efficacious in the cure of many diseases. They imagined that the figure of an eye could be seen in it, and hence its name, Bel's Eye. BELLOX. Colic, metallic. BELLOTAS, see Ilex major. BELLOWS' SOUND, Bruitdesoufflet—h.s.En- cephalic, see Bruit de soufflet. Bellows' Sound, Funic, a single murmur of the bellows kind, synchronous with the first sound of the heart; heard by some observers, and referred by them to diminished calibre of the umbilical arteries, either by pressure or stretching of the funis, or both. Bellows' Sound, Placental, Bruit placen- taire. BELLWORT, SMALLER, Uvularia perfoliate. BELLY, Venter; from Ir. bolg, 'the belly, a bag or pouch.' At the present day, the abdomen. Formerly, all the splanchnic cavities were called bellies; — the lower belly, venter in'fimus, being the abdomen; the middle belly, venter me'dius, the thorax; and the upper belly, venter supre'mus, the head. Also, the womb. See Venter. BELLY-ACH, Colica — b. Dry, Colic, me- tallic—b. Root, Angelica lucida. BELLY-BAXD, Belt, Russian. BELLY, POT, Physconia. BELMUSCIIUS, Hibiscus abelmosehus. BELXILEG, Myrobalanus. BELOID, Belenoid. BELOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid processes. BELONE, Needle. BELONODES, Styloid. BELONGED, Belenoid. BEL'S EYE, Belloculus. BELT, RUSSIAN, Ventra'le,—vulgarly, Belly- land,—Abdominal supporter. A broad bandage applied to the abdomen,-so as to support, and make methodical pressure upon it. Different forms have been termed obstetric binders, utero- abdominal supporters, Ac. BELUL'CUM, from jitXog, 'a dart,' and 'tXitw, 'I draw out.' An instrument used for extracting darts or arrows. Many instruments of this kind have been noticed by surgeons.—Ambrose Pare, Fabricius ab Aquapendente. BELZOE, Benjamin. BELZOIM, Benjamin. BELZOINUM, Benjamin. BEN, Guilandina moringa—b. of Judaea, Ben- jamin—b. Nut, Guilandina moringa. "BENATH Pustule. BENEDICTA SYLVESTRIS, Geum rivale. BENEDICTUM LAXATIVUM, Confectio sennae. BENEFICE DE LA NATURE, Beneficium naturae—b. de Ventre, see Beneficium naturae. BEXEFIC'IUM NATU'R^E, (F.) Benefice de la nature. This term is used by the French pa- thologists, for cases, in which diseases have got well without medical treatment. With them, Benefice de nature, or B. de ventre, is synonymous also with Alri Proflu'vium ;—a spontaneous diar- rhoea, often acting favourably either in the pre- vention or cure of disease. BENEL, Croton racemosum. BENEOLEXS, from bene, 'well,' and olere, 'to smell.' Euo'des, Suaveolens. A sweet-scented medicine, as gums, Ac. BENG, Bangue. BENGALE IXDORUM, Cassumuniar. BENGAL ROOT, Cassumuniar. BEXGI, Hyoscyamus. BENIGN', Benig'nus, Eueth'es, (F.) Benin, Benigne. Diseases of a mild character are so called : as well as medicines whose action is not violent, as a Benign Fever, Febris benig'na im- pu'tris, Ac. BENIN, Benign. BEN'JAMIN, Ben'zoin, Benzo'inum (Ph. U. S.), Benzo'inum verum, Benzo'inum, Assa odora'ta, Benjiii, Benjuin, Assa dulcis, Ben'jaoy, Benjo'- inum, Belzoe, Belzoim, Ben'zoe, Sty'raeie Benzo'- ini Bal'samum, Liquor Cyreni'acus, Croton Ben- zoe, Ben of Juda'a, Acor Benzo'inus, Sal Ac"idum seu cssentia'le seu volat'ile Benzoes, (F.) Benjoin, Baume Benjoin, Assa doux. A resinous, dry, brittle substance, obtained from Styrax Benzoin, Arbor Benivi, Laurus Benzoin, of Sumatra. The odour is extremely fragrant, and taste slightly aromatic. It is principally used for the prepara- tion of the acid which it contains. It is also employed in some vulnerary tinctures, and as an expectorant. Benzoic Acid, Ac"idum Benzo'icum, is obtained from it by sublimation. The purest Benjamin is in amygdaloid masses: hence called (F.) Benjoin amgydalo'ide. Ben'jamin, Flowers of, Ben'zoic Acid, Ac"- idum Benzo'icum, Flores Benzoes, Flores Benzo'- ini, Ac"idum Benzo'icum per sublimatio'nem, (F.) Acide Benzoique. This acid exists in all the balsams, but chiefly in Benzoin, from which it is obtained by sublimation. It is in vanilla, canelln, the urine of infants, and of herbivorous animals. Its odour is aromatic and fragrant; taste hot, slightly acidulous, and agreeable. The crystals consist of white, satiny flakes, slightly ductile. It is probably stimulant; and has been used, as such, in chronic catarrh ; but it has little efficacy. BEXJAOY, Benjamin. BEX.IOIXUM, Benjamin. BEXJUI, Benjamin. BEN MOEN.IA. A Malabar tree. An alexi- pharmic decoction is made of its roots, in the country, which is much praised in cases of ma- lignant fever. Its bark, boiled with Oulamus aromaticus and salt, forms a decoction used in bites of poisonous serpents. BENXE. Sesamum orientale. BEXXET, HERB, Geum urbanum, and G. Virginianum. BENOtTE, Geum urbanum — b. Aquatique, Geum rivale — b. des Ruisseaux, Geum rivale — b. de Virginie, Geum Virginianum BEXZIN, see Anaesthetic. BEXZOATE OF AMMONIA, Ammonite ben- zoas. BENZOE, Benjamin. BENZOENIL, Vanilla, BENZOIN, Benjamin—b. Odoriferum Laurui Benzoin. BERBERINE 132 BEZOAR BERBERINE, see Oxycantha Galeni. BERBERIS, Oxycantha Galeni—b. Canaden- sis, see Oxycantha Galeni. BERCE, Heracleum spondylium. BEREXDAROS, Ocymum basilicum. BEREXICE, Succinum. BEREXICIUM, Potassae nitras. BERENISECUM, Artemisia vulgaris. BERGAMOTE, Bergamolta, (F.) Bergamotte. A small orange, of a very agreeble taste; and peculiar odour. From its bark an oil, Oleum Berga'mii, (Ph. U.S.) is obtained, which is much employed as a perfume, and sometimes in medi- cine. BER'IBERI, Beribe'ria, Syn'clonus Beribe'- ria, Indosyn'clonus, Paral'ysis Ber'iberi, from beri in the Singhalese language, which signifies ' weakness ;' therefore, beriberi,' great weakness.' This word is also said to be Hindusthanee, and to mean a sheep. — Bontius. Beriberi is an In- dian disease, little known in Europe. It con- sists in debility aud tremors of the limbs,—some- times, indeed, of the whole body; with painful numbness of the affected parts, Ac.:—the patient walking doubled; and imitating the movements of sheep! Some authors have esteemed it rheu- matic ; others, paralytic; others, to be a kind of chorea. It is, almost always, incurable; is rarely fatal; and is treated by exercise, stimu- lant friction, sudorifics, Ac. It is sometimes called Bar'biers, but this would seem to be a different disease. BERICOCCE, Prunus armeniaca. BERLE NODIFLORE, Sium. BERLUE, Metamorphopsia. BERMU'DAS, CLIMATE OF. Pulmonary invalids are occasionally sent to Bermuda, but the principal objection to a winter residence there, is the prevalence of strong winds; espe- cially of the dry, sharp, and cold north-west winds, during the winter and spring. Still, it affords a good winter retreat for the phthisical, from any part of the United States, provided due care be selected in choosing a suitable locality. The neighbourhood of Hamilton has been strongly recommended with this view. BERNARD THE HERMIT, Cancellus. BERRIES, INDIAN, see Menispermum coc- culus—b. Turkey, yellow, see Piper cubeba. BERS. A sort of electuary, composed of pep- per, seed of the white hyoscyamus, opium, euphor- bium, saffron, Ac. The Egyptians used it as an excitant.—Prospero Alpini. BERU, MINERAL WATERS OF. Beru is in Champagne, France. The waters are slightly chalybeate. BERULA, Sium nodiflorum—b. Angustifolia, Sium nodiflorum. BE SASA, Ruta. BESICLES, Spectacles. BESOIN, Want—b. de Respirer, see Want— b. de la Vie, Necessary of life. BESSANEM. A word used by Avieenna, for redness of the skin, limbs, and face, produced by the action of cold. BESSON, \ „ _ ., BESSONNE, J See Gemellus. BETA. The Beet, Sic'ula, (F.) Bette, Bette- rave. Fam'dy, Chenopodeaa. Sex. Syst. Pentan- dria Digynia. A genus of plants, of which the following are the chief varieties. Beta Hy'brida, Root of Scarcity. Root red, outside; white, within. Very nutritive; yields ■ugar. Beta Vulga'ris Alba, White Beet. The root yields sugar, and the leaves are eaten as a sub- stitute for spinach. Beta Vulga'ris Rubra, Red Beet. Root refl and nutritive ; yields a small quantity of sugar. BETEL, Piper Betel. A species of pepper, cul- tivated in several parts of India. The East In- dians are in the habit of chewing the leaves with lime and areca; and they give the name Betel to this preparation. It is used in all the equatorial countries of Asia. Betel is said to be tonic and astringent. It is also called Bette, Bitre, Betle. See Areca. BETHROOT, Trillium latifolium—b. Broad, leaf, Trillium latifolium. BETISE, Dementia. BETOINE, Betonica officinalis—b. des Mon- tagnes, Arnica Montana—b. des Savoyards, Ar- nica montana. BETON, Colostrum. BETONICA AQUATICA, Scrophularia aqua- tica. Beton'ica Officina'lis, Cestron, Beton'ica purpu'rea, Veton'ica Cordi, Ac, Bet'ony, Wood Betony, Psycholrophum, Veroni'ca purpu'rea, (F.) Betoine. Family, Labiatec. Sex. Syst. Di- dynamia Gymnospermia. Betony was in much esteem amongst the ancients, who employed the flowers and leaves, in decoction, in gout, sciatica, cephalalgia, Ac. It was so called, according to Pliny, from being in great repute among the Vet- tones, or Bettones, an ancient people of Spain. Antonius Musa is said to have written a volume in praise of it; recommending it in no less than 47 different diseases. It has, however, little or no virtue. The leaves are said to be aperient, and the root emetic. Betonica Pauli, Veronica. BETONY, Betonica officinalis—b. Paul's, Ly- copus sinuatus, Lycopus Virginicus — b. Water, Scrophularia aquatica—b. Wood, Betonica offici- nalis. BETRE, Betel. RETTE, Beta. BETTER A VE, Beta. BET'ULA ALBA. The Birch, (F.) Bouleau eommun. The young leaves are slightly odorous, astringent, and bitter. They are applied to wounds aud ulcers. They have been regarded as antiscorbutic and anthelmintic. The tree fur- nishes a saccharine juice, which is considered antiscorbutic and diuretic Betula Emarginata, Alnus glutinosa—b. Glu- tinosa, Alnus glutinosa. Betula Lenta, Sweet Birch, Black Birch, Cherry Birch, Mountain Mahogany, is an Ameri- can species, the bark and leaves of which have the smell and taste of Gaultheria procumbens. An infusion is sometimes made of them, and used as an excitant and diaphoretic. The volatile oil is nearly if not wholly identical with that of Gaultheria. BEURRE, Butter—5. de Bambouc, Butter of bambouc—b. de Cacao, Butter of cacao—6. dt Coco, Butter of cocoa,—b. Vegetale, Persea gatis- sima. BEUVRIGNY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Beuvrigny is in the vicinity of Bayeux in Nor- mandy. The water is chalybeate. BEVUE, Diplopia. BEX, Tussis—b. Convulsiva, Pertussis—b. Hu- mida, Expectoration—b. Theriodes, Pertussis. BEXIS, Tussis. BEXU'GO. Under this name, a purgative root was formerly introduced into Europe from Peru. It is supposed to have been the root of a Hippocratea. BEZ'OAR, Bez'aar, Bez'ehard, Pa'zahar, from Persian Pa, 'against,' and zahar, poison. Lapis Bezoar'dicus, Calculus Bez'oar, Enterolithus Be- BEZOARD 133 BICHOS toar'dus, Bezoard. A calculous concretion, found in the stomach, intestines, and bladder of ani- mals. Wonderful virtues were formerly attri- buted to these Bezoars. There wore two great varieties: the Bez'oar orienta'le, An'imal Bezoar'- ticum orienta'le, formed in the fourth stomach of the gazelle of India (Gazella In'dica, or rather Antilope ccrvica'pra :) and the Bez'oar occiden- ta'le, Animal Bezoar'ticum occidenta'le, found in the fourth stomach of the icild goat or chamois of Peru. These substances were esteemed to be powerful alexipharmics ; but the former was the more valued. It was believed that no poison, and no eruptive, pestilential, or putrid disease, could resist its influence. As so many virtues were ascribed to it, other animal concretions were substituted for it; and factitious Bezoards were made of crabs' eyes and claws, bruised and mixed with musk, ambergris, Ac. Bez'oar Bovi'num, (F.) Bezoard de Bceuf, Be- zoard of the beef. A concretion formed in the fourth stomach of beeves; also, a biliary calcu- lus found in the gall-bladder. Bez'oar of the Deer, B. of the Lach'rymal Fossa of the Deer, Deer's Tears. A moist, highly odorous, fatty matter, found below the anterior canthus of the orbit of the red deer—Cervus el'e- phas. It has been used, like castor, as an anti- spasmodic, in the dose of from 5 to 15 grains, two or three times a day. Bezoar Equinum, Bezoard of the horse — b. Hystricis, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine. Bez'oard of Cayman. This was once much prized. It is now unknown. BEZOARD D'ALLEMAGNE, iEgagropila. Bez'oard of the Chamois, and B. of the Horse, Rezoar equinum, Hippolithus, Ac, exhi- bit their origin in the name. Bez'oard of the Indian Por'cupine. Bez'oar Hys'tricis, Lapis Porclnus, Lapis Malucen'cis, Petro del Porco, (F.) Bezoard de Pore-Epic, was formerly the dearest of all the Bezoards, and was sold at an enormous price in Spain and Portugal. Bez'oard Mineral, Antimonium diaphoreti- eum—b. Vegetable, see Calappite. BEZOAR'DIC, Bezoar'dicus, (F.)Bizoardique; concerning the bezoard. Bezoardic medicines are those supposed to possess the same properties with the bezoard; as antidotes, alexiteria, alexi- pharmics, cordials. BEZOARDICA RADIX, Dorstenia contra- yerva. BEZOAR'DICUM SATUR'NI. A pharma- ceutical preparation, regarded by the ancients as antihysteric It was formed of protoxide of lead, butter of antimony, and nitric acid. - Bezoar'dicum Huma'num. Urinary calculi were formerly employed under this name as powerful alexipharmics. Bezoar'dicum Jovia'le. A sort of greenish powder, used as a diaphoretic, and formed of an- timony, tin, mercury, and nitric acid. Bezoar'dicum Luna're. A medicine formerly regarded as a specific in epilepsy, convulsions, megrim, Ac It was prepared of nitrate of sil- ver, and butter of antimony. Bezoar'dicum Martia'le. A tonic medicine, used by the ancients in diarrhoea. It was pre- pared from the tritoxide of iron and butter of an- timony. Bezoar'dicum Mercuria'le. A medicine, formerly vaunted as an antisyphilitic, and pre- pared from the mild chloride of mercury, butter of antimony, and nitric acid. Bezoar'dicum Minera'lk; the deutoxide of antimony; so called because its properties were supposed to resemble those of animal bezoard. Bezoar'dicum Sola'ee. A diaphoretic medi- cine, prepared of gold filings, nitric acid, and butter of antimony. Bezoar'dicum Ven'eris. A pharmaceutical preparation, formerly employed in lepra, diseases of the brain, Ac.; which was made from filings of copper, butter of antimony, and nitric acid. BHANG, Bangue. BI, as a prefix to words, has the same signifi- cation as Di. BIAIOTHANATI, Biothanati. BIBITORIUS, Rectus internus oculi. BIBLIOG'RAPHY, MED'ICAL, from PtQXog, . a book,' and ypaipio, ' I describe.' Skill in the knowledge of medical books. The most distin- guished medical bibliographers have been : J. A. Van der Linden, Amstelod. 1662, octavo, (L.) M. Lipenius, Francf. ad Mcen. 1679, fol. (L.) G. A. Mercklein, Norimb. 1686, (L.) J. J. Manget, Genev. 1695 to 1731, (L.) Tarin (ana- tomical,) Paris, 1753, (F.) A. von Halleh, Zurich, 1774, Ac. (L.) Vigiliis von Creut- zenfeld (surgical,) Vindob. 1781, (L.) C. G. Kuhn, Lips. 1794, (L.) C. L. Schweickard (anat., phys., and legal,.medicine,) Stuttgard, 1796 to 1800, (L.) G. G. Ploucquet, Tubing. 1808 to 1814, (L.) C. F. Burdach, Gotha, 1810 to 1821, (G.) J. S. Ersch, (since 1750,) Leipz. 1822, (G.) Th. Ch. Fr. Enslin, (of Germany, since 1750,) Berlin, 1826, (G.) J. B. Montfal- con, Paris, 1827, (F.) J. Forbes, M. D., F. R. S., London, 1835. A. C. P. Callisen, Copen- hagen, 1845, (G.) E. Morwitz, Leipzig, 1849, (O.) / BICAUDALIS, Retrahens auris. BICAUDA'TUS, Cauda'tus, 'double-tailed.' A monster having two tails. BICEPHA'LIUM, Dicepha'lium. A hybrid word, from bi and KeipaXn, ' head.' Sauvages ap- plies this epithet to a very large sarcoma on the head, which seems to form a double head. BICEPHALUS, Dicephalus. BICEPS, from bis, 'twice,' and caput, 'head.' That which has two heads. This name has been particularly given to two muscles; one belonging to the arm, the other to the thigh. Biceps Exter'nus Mus'culus. The long por- tion of the Triceps Brachia'lis.—Douglas. Biceps Flexor Cruris, Biceps Cruris, Biceps, (F.) Biceps Crural, Biceps Fem'oris, Is'chio-fem'- oro-peronier—(Ch.) A muscle on the posterior part of the thigh; one head arising from the tu- berosity of the ischium, and the other from a great part of the linea aspera. It is inserted into the top of the fibula. It serves to bend the leg on the thigh. Biceps Flexor Cu'biti, Biceps Bra'chii, Cor'- aco-radia'lis, Biceps, Biceps manus, Biceps in- ter'nus, Biceps inter'nus hu'meri, (F.) Scapulo-ra- dial, (Ch.)—Biceps Brachial. A muscle, situate at the anterior and internal part of the arm ; ex- tending from the edge of the glenoid cavity and from the top of the eoracoid process to the tube- rosity of the radius. It bends the fore-arm upon the arm. BICHE DE MER, Sea Slug. A molluscous animal, belonging to the genus Holothuria, which is caught amongst the islands of the Fccjee group, New Guinea, Ac, and when prepared finds a ready sale in China, where it is used as an ingre- dient in rich soups. RICIIET, Terra Orleana. BICHICH'LE. Pectoral medicines, composed of liquorice juice, sugar, blanched almonds, Ac—. Rhazes. BICIIIOS. Dracunculus. BICHO, Dracunculus—b. di Culo, Proctocace. BICHOS. A Portuguese name fcr +he worm* BICIPITAL 134 BYOLYCHNION that penetrates the toes of people in the Indies; and which are destroyed by the oil of the cashew nut. BICIP'ITAL, from biceps (bis and caput) 'two- headed.' Relating to the biceps. Bicipital Groove, (F.) Coulisse ou Gouttilre bicipitale, Coulisse humerale, (Ch.,) is a longitu- dinal groove, situate between the tuberosities of the os humeri, which lodges the long head of the biceps. Bicipital Tu'bercle, Bicipital tuberos'ity, (F.) TubSrositi bicipitale ; — a prominence near the upper extremity of the radius, to which the tendon of the biceps is attached. BICORNE RUDE, Ditraehyceros. BICUS'PID, Ricuspiila'tus, from bis, 'twice,' and cuspis, 'a spear.' That which has two points or tubercles. Bicus'pid Teeth, Dentes Bicuspida'ti, (F.) Dents bicuspidees, the small molares. See Molar. BIDENS ACMELLA, Spilanthus acmella. BIDET, (F.) Bidet; pronounced beeday. A small horse formerly allowed to each trooper for carrying his baggage. Hence, perhaps, applied to a chamber bathing apparatus, which has to be bestridden. It is a useful arrangement, in case of hemorrhoids, prolapsus ani, affections of the sexual organs, Ac. BIECHO, Bische. BIERE, Cerevisia. BIESTLNGS, Colustrum. BIFEMORO-CALCANIEN, Gastrocnemii. BIFURCATION, Rifurca'tio, from bis, 'twice,' and furca, 'a fork.' Division of a trunk into two branches; as the bifurcation of the trachea, aorta, Ac. BIGASTER, Digastricus. BIG BLOOM, Magnolia macrophylla. BIGEMINAL BODIES, Quadrigemina tuber- cula. BIGGAR. A disease of Bengal, remarkable for the intensity and danger of the cerebral symp- toms.—Twining. BIG-LEAF, Magnolia macrophylla. BIGLES, see Strabismus. BIGXONIA CATALPA, Catalpa —b. Radi- cans, Tecoma radicans. Bigno'nia In'dica. The leaves are employed in India, as emollients, to ulcers. BIJON, see Pinus sylvestris. BILAZAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bila- zay is a town in France, two leagues from Thouar, department of Deux Sevres, near which is a ther- mal sulphureous spring. Temperature about 77° Fahrenheit. BILBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus—b. Red, Vaccinium vitis idaea. BILE, Bilis, Fel, Chol'os, Chole, Choler, (F.) Bile, Fiel. A yellow, greenish, viscid, bitter, nauseous fluid, secreted by the liver. It is dis- tinguished into hepatic and cystic ; according as it flows immediately into the duodenum from the liver or from the gall-bladder. It contains, ac- cording to Muratori, water; a peculiar fatty matter; colouring matter, (Cholepyr'rhin orBili- pha'in;) cholesterin, combined with soda; picro- mel or bilin; extract of flesh, mucus; soda, phos- phate of soda; phosphate of lime, and chloride of sodium. The use of the bile is to remove from the body superfluous hydro-carbon; and it is probably in- sorvient to useful purposes in digestion. Bile, Furunculus—b. Black, Atrabilis — 6. de laeuf, see Bile — br Repandue, Icterus. Bile of the Bear, Gall of the Rear, Fel Ursi, was thought to be anti-epileptic; and that of the Eel, Fel anguil'la, to facilitate labour. Bile of the Ox, Gall of the Ox, Ox Gall, Fel Tauri, Fel Bovis, F. Bovi'num, (F.) Bile de Bceuf, was once reputed cosmetic and detergent, anti- otalgic and emmenagogue ; as well as to possess the power of facOitating labour. It has also been given as a bitter stomachic and anthelmintic; and as a tonic and laxative, in cases of deficiency of the biliary secretion. BIL'IARY, Bilia'ris, Bilia'rius, Fel'leus. That which relates to bile. Bil'iary Appara'tus, B. organs, B. passages. The collection of parts that concur in the secre- tion and excretion of bile : — viz. the liver, pori biliari or tubuli biliferi; hepatic, cystic, and choledoeh ducts, and gall-bladder. Bil'iary Concre'tions are concretions found in some parts of the biliary apparatus. Biliary Ducts, Pori biliarii. BILIEUX, Bilious. BILIMBI, Averrhoa bilimbi. BILIMB1NG TERES, Averrhoa bilimbi. BILIN, Picromel. BILTOUS, Bilio'sus, Chol'icus, Chol'ius, Fel- lin'eus, Epich'olos, Picroch'olos, Fel'leus. (F.) Bilieux. That which relates to bile, contains bile, or is produced by bile. An epithet given to certain constitutions and diseases, which are believed to be the effect of superabundance of the biliary secretion: as Bilious temperament, B. symptoms, B. fever. BILIPILEIN, see Bile. BILIS FLUXIO, Cholera morbus. BILITICUS, Cholagogue. BILIVERD'IN, from bilis, 'bile,' and viridis, 'green.' On adding an acid to a solution of the yellow colouring matter of bile, a precipitate of green flocculi takes place, which possesses all the properties of chlorophyll, or the green colouring matter of leaves. This is the biliverdin of Ber- zelius. BILOCULAR, see Unilocular. BILUMBI BITING-BING, Malus Indica. BI'MANUS, from bis and manus, 'a hand. One that has two hands. A term applied only to man, because he is the sole mammiferous ani- mal that possesses two perfect hands. BINDER, Bandage. BINDERS, OBSTETRIC, see Belt, Russian. BINDWEED, Polygonum aviculare — b. Fid- dle-leaved, Convolvulus panduratus — b. Great, Convolvulus sepium — b. Lavender-leaved, Con- volvulus Cantabrica—b. Sea, Convolvulus solda- nella—b. Virginian, Convolvulus panduratus. BINKOHUMBA, Phyllanthus urinaria. BINOCULAR, Binocula'ris: same etymon as the next. Relating to or affecting both eyes—as ' binocular vision'—vision with both eyes; or from impressions made upon both retinaa, which are amalgamated into ainqle vision. BINOCULUS, Bin'ocle, Diophthal'mica Fas'- cia, Oc'ulis duplex, from bis, 'twice,' and oculus, 'an eye.' (F.) CEil double. A bandage applied over both eyes. It was, also, formerly called Diophthal'mus. BlN'SICA. Disorder of the mind. Accord- ing to Van Helmont, an atrophy of the organ of imagination. BIOCHYMIA, Chymistry, vital. BIOD, Vis vitalis. BIODYNAM'ICS, Biodynam'iea, Biodynam'- ice, Biosoph'ia, from (liog, 'life,' and cvvapig, 'power,' 'force.' The doctrine of the vital ac- tivity, or forces. BIOGAMIA, Magnetism, animal. BIOLOGY, Physiology. BIOLYCUNION, Biolych'nium, from 0ioy, 'life,'and Xvxnov, 'a lamp.' Innate heat, vital heat, animal heat. Lych'nium, Lychnid'ium, Thermum em'phytum, Flamina seu Flam'mula BIOLYSIS 135 BISTOURI vita'lis seu cordia. Also, a secret preparation of which Beguin and Burgrave make mention. BIOLYSIS, see Biolytic. BIOLYT'IC, Biolyt'icua; from 0iog, 'life,' and Xvoig, ' solution.' Relating to the destruction of life. A ' biolytic agent' is one that causes bioly- sis, or destruction of life.—Schultz. BIOMAGXETISMUS, Magnetism, animal. BIONOMY, Phvsiology. BIOPH.ENOMENOLOGIA, Physiology. BIOS, jiiog. Life. Also, what is necessary for the preservation of life. BIOSOPHIA, Biodynamics. BIOSTATICS, Statistics, medical. BIOTE, Life. BIOTHAN'ATl, Biaiothon'oti, from i3iog, 'life,' and Savarog, 'death.' Those who die of a violent death very suddenly, or as if there was no space between life and death. BIOTIC, Vital. BIOTICS, Physiology. BIOTOMIA, Vivisection. BIPARIETAL SUTURE, Sagittal suture. BIPIX'NA, from bia, 'twice,' and jrinna, 'a wing-feather.' A term used by the ancients for a diminutive penis, not exceeding in size two quills. BIR, Thorax. BIRA, Cerevisia. BIRCH, Betula alba—b. Black, Betula lento— b. Cherry, Betula lenta—b. Sweet, Betula lenta. BIRDS' NEST, Hypopitys lanuginosa. BIRTH, CROSS, Presentation, preternatural b. Live, see Born alive — b. Plural, see Multi- parous. BIRTHWORT, Aristolochia —b. Snakeroot, Aristolochia serpentaria. BISCHE, Biecho. A malignant kind of dy- sentery, which often prevails in the island of Trinidad. BISCUIT, Biscoc'tus, bis, 'twice,' and coctus, 'baked,' (F.) bis and cuit, 'twice baked.' A kind of dry, hard bread, or cake, which is va- riously made; and, when without eggs or butter, is easy of digestion. It was formerly called Di- pyri'tcs, and Di'pyros. BISCUIT, MEAT. An alimentary prepara- tion, proposed by Mr. G. Borden, Jr., of Texas, which consists in combining the matters ex- tracted from meat by boiling with flour, so as to form biscuits; which keep well, and are of course nutritive. BISERMAS, Salvia selarea. BISFER1ENS, Dicrotus. BISHOP'S WEED, Ammi. BISLIXGUA, Ruscus hypoglossum. BISMALVA, Althaea. BISMUTH, Antimo'nium album, Chalcitas, Luna imperfec'ta, Stannum glacia'le seu cinereum, Bismu'thum, Wismu'thum. Reg'ulus of Ris'muth, Marcaslta, Tin glass, (F.) Etain gris, E. de Glace. A metal, in spicular plates, of a yel- lowish-white colour; s. gr. 9.822 ; fusible at 400° Fahrenheit, and volatilizable at a high tempera- ture. It is used only in the preparation of the subnitrate. Bismuth, Oxyd of, Bismuth, Subnitrate of— b. Regulus of, Bismuth. Bismuth, Subni'trate of,Bismu'thi subni'tras, Marcaslta alba, Plumbum cine'reum, Magiste'- rium Marcasi'tm seu Bismuthi, Bismu'thum Nit'- ricum, B. Subnilricum, Nitras Subbismu'thicum, Nitras Bismuthi, Calx Vismu'thi, Bismu'thum oxydula'tum album, Oxyd of Bismuth, M, 'I bud.' A germ. The sense of this word, which is often used by Hippocrates, is obscure. Castelli thinks it means the eruption of some morbific principle at the surface of the body. Also, the matrix or general formative element of tissues. BLAS'TEMAL, Blastema'lis. Relating or ap- pertaining to a blastema, — as ' blastemal forma- tions,' those that are formed from a blastema. BLASTODERMA, see Molecule. BLATTA BYZAN'TIA, Unguis odora'lus, (F.) Blatte de Byzance. This name seems, formerly, to have been given to a marine production from some of the Conchylia. It had an agreeable smell, a reddish tint, and the shape of a nail. It was prescribed in epilepsy, hysteria, and hepatic obstructions. Rondelet affirms that it was the production of the shell-fish murex or jmrpura; and that the name Blatta is derived from the Greek (iXarrog, ' purple.' BLA VELLE, Centaurea cyanus. BL AVE OLE, Centaurea cyanus. BLAVEROLLE, Centaurea cyanus. BLAZING-STAR, Chamcelirium luteum, Li- afcris. BLE, Bladum. This word answers, in France, 6 BL£ 137 BLEPHAROPTOSIS to the word Corn in England; i. e. any kind of grain employed for making bread. Wheat being most commonly used for this purpose, BU is sometimes restricted to this. Ble meteil is a mixture of wheat and rye. BLE CORNU, Ergot—6. d'Esp>agne, Zeamays — b. d'ltalie, Zea Mays — b. Meteil, see Ble — 6. Noir, Polygonum fagopyrum — 6. de Turquie, Zea mays. BLE (PARLER,) Blresitas. BLEABERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus. BLEACHING LIQUID, Eau dejavelle. BLEAR-EYE, Lippitudo. BLEB, Bulla. BLECHNOX, Polypodium filix mas. BLECHXUM LIGNIFOLIUM, Asplenium Scolopendrium — b. Squamosum, Asplenium ce- terach. BLECHROPYRA, see Blechros. BLECHROPYRUS, Typhus mitior. BLECHROS, i3Xi,Xpos, 'weak, feeble, slow.' An epithet applied to different affections, and particularly to fevers. Hence Rlechrop'yra, ' a slow fever:' Rleehrosphyq'mia, 'a slow pulse.' BLECHROSPHYGMIA, see Blechros. BLED, Corn. • BLEEDING, Bloodletting, Haemorrhagia. BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE, Epistaxis —b. Heart, Cypripedium luteum. BLEME, (F.) This word has nearly the same signification as Blafard. Generally, however, it includes, also, emaciation of the countenance. BLENNA, Mucus—b. Narium, Nasal mucus. BLENNADENI'TIS, from (SXevva, 'mucus,' a&nv, ' a gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of mucous follicles. BLEXXELYT'RIA, from (S\tvva, 'mucus,' and tXvrpov, ' a sheath.' A discharge of mucus from the vagina. Leucorrhoea.—Alibert. BLEXXEM'ESIS. Blennoem'esis, Vom'itus pituito'aus, from (iXtvva, 'mucus,' and epeaig, 'vomiting.' Vomiting of mucus. BLEXXEXTERIA, Dysentery. BLEXXISTH'MIA, from 0Xtwa, 'mucus,' and ia$pog, ' the gullet. Increased flow of mucus from the pharynx and larynx.—Alibert. BLEXXOCHEZIA, Diarrhoea, mucous. BLEXXOCYSTIDES, Bursas mucosae. BLEXXODES, Muciform. BLEXXOEMESIS, Blennemesis. BLEXXOG"ENOUS, Blennog"enua, Mueif'ic, Mucif'icus, from (SXtwa, ' mucus,' and ytvaui, ' I form.' Forming or generating mucus. Breschet and Roussel de Vauzeme describe an apparatus of this kind for the secretion of the mucous mat- ter that constitutes the cuticle, composed of a glandular parenchyma or organ of secretion situ- ate in the substance of the true skin, and of excretory ducts, which issue from the organ, and deposite the mucous matter between the papillae. BLENNOIDES, Muciform. BLEXNOIDEU.S, Muciform. BLEXNOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia, (puru- lent.) BLEXNOP'TYSIS, from /3Wa, and irrvw, 'I spit.' Expectoration of mucus. Catarrh. BLENNOP'YRA, Blennopy'ria, from (iXsvva, and rrvp, ' fire.' Alibert has classed, under this head, various fevers with mucous complications; as Mesenteric fever, Adeno-meningeal fever, Ac BLEXXORRHAGIA, Gonorrhoea—b.'Genita- lium, Leucorrhoea—b. Notha, Gonorrhoea spuria .—b. Spuria, Gonorrhoea spuria. BLENNORRHAGIC EPIDIDYMITIS, Her- nia humoralis. BLENNORRHAGIE FAUSSE, Gonorrhoea spuria—b. du Gland, Gonorrhoea spuria. BLENNORRIIINIA, Coryza. BLENNORRHEA, Blennorrhoe, Blennor- rhag"ia, Phlegmorrhce'a, Phlegmorrhag"ia, from (IXtvva, 'mucus,' and ptu>, 'I flow.' Inordinate secretion and discharge of mucus. Also, Gonor- rhoea. Blennorrhea Chronica, (gleet,) see Gonor- rhoea—b. Genitalium, Leucorrhoea — b. Luodes, Gonorrhoea impura—b. Nasalis, Coryza—b. Oculi, see Ophthalmia — b. Oculi gonorrhoica, see Oph- thalmia—b. Ofculi neonatorum, see Ophthalmia— b. Oculi purulenta, see Ophthalmia—b. Urethralis, Gonorrhoea, Cystorrhcea—b. Ventriculi, Gastror- rhoea—b. Vesicae, Cystorrhcea. BLENNO'SES, from 3Xtwa, 'mucus.' Affec- tions of the mucous membranes.—Alibert. BLENNOTHORAX, Catarrh, Peripneumonia notha—b. Chronicus, Asthma humidum. BLENNOTORRHG3A, Otirrhoea. BLENNURETHRIA, Gonorrhoea. BLENNURIA, Cystorrhoea. BLEPHARADENITIS, Ophthalmia Tarsi. BLEPHARANTHRACO'SIS, Blcphari'- tie gangrmno'aa, Qarbuncula'tio Oc'uli. Gangre- nous inflammation of the eyelids. BLEPHARELOSIS, Entropion. BLEPHARIDES, Cilia. BLEPHARIDOPLASTICE, Blepharoplastice. BLEPHARISMUS, Nictation. BLEPHARITIS, Ophthalmia tarsi —b. Gan- graenosa, Blepharanthracosis. BLEPHAROBLENNORRHffiA, Ophthalmia, purulent — b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (pu- rulenta infantum.) BLEPH'ARO-CONJUNCTIVI'TIS, Blepha- rosyndesmi'tis, from jiXtipapov, ' an eyelid,' and conjunctiva. Ophthalmia affecting the conjunc- tiva and eyelids. BLEPHARODYSCHRffi'A, from /ft^apo,, the 'eyelid,' Svg, 'with difficulty,' and x?oa> 'colour.' Discoloration of the eyelid. Naevus of the eye- lid.—Von Ammon. BLEPHARffiDEMA AQUOSUM, Hydroble- pharon. BLEPHARON, Palpebra—b. Atoniaton, Ble- pharoptosis. BLEPHARONCO'SIS, Blepharon'cus, hle- pharophy'ma, Palpebrarum Tumor, from (3Xt(pL- pov, ' eyelid,' and oyicog, ' tumour.' A tumour of the eyelid. BLEPHARONCUS, Blepharoncosis. BLEPHAROPTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi —b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia—b. Purulenta, Blepharopyorrhoea. BLEPHAROPHTHALMITIS GLANDULO- SA, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants. BLEPHAROPHYMA, Blepharoncosis. BLEPHAROPLAS'TICE^e^antfojoWtfcg, Insil'io Cilio'rum, from fiXtapov, 'the eyelid,' and irXaariKog, 'forming,' 'formative.' The for- mation of a new eyelid. BLEPHAROPLEGIA, Blepharoptosis. BLEPHAROPTO'SIS, Blepha.rople'gia, Casus pal'pebrm superio'ris, Delap'sus pal'pebrm, Pro- lap'sus pal'pebrm, Propto'sis pal'pebrm' Pto'sis pal'pebrm, Atoniaton blepharon, from (iXeipapov, ' the eyelid,' and irrwotg, ' fall.' A falling down of the upper eyelid over the eye, caused by a paralysis of the Levator palpebra superioris mus- cle. This paralysis is an unfavourable symptom, as it is generally connected with a state of the brain favouring apoplexy or palsy. Blepharoptosis Ectropium, Ectropium—b. Entropion, Entropion. BLEPHAR0PY0RRHG3A 138 BLOOD BLEPHAROPYORRHffi'A, BlepharophthaV'- rnia purulen'ta, Pyorrhce'a pal'pebrm, from fiXe, ' I flow.' A discharge of mucus from the eyelids. BLEPHAROSPAS'MUS, from (SXtfapov, 'eye- lid,' and airaapog, ' spasm.' A spasmodic action of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. B L E PH AROSYNDESMITIS* Blepharocon- junctivitis. BLEPHAROTIS, Ophthalmia tarsi—b. Glan- dularis contagiosa, see Ophthalmia. BLEPHAROTITIS, Ophthalmia tarsi. BLEPHAROTOSIS, Ectropium. BLEPHAROXYS'TUM, Blepharoxys'trum, from pXtipapov, ' eyelid,' and £uo>, ' I scrape.' An instrument used, by the ancients, for removing callosities, which made their appearance in the affection called, by the Greeks, rpax<»pa.—Paulus of .iEgina, Gorraeus. BLEPHIL'IA HIRSU'TA, Ohio Horsemint, Hairy Horsemint; an indigenous plant of the Mint family, Labiatae, which has the aromatic properties of the Mints. BLESITE, Blaesitas. BLESSURE, Abortion, Wound. BLESTRIS'MUS. Restlessness of the sick.— Hippocrates. BLETA. A word, used by Paracelsus for white or milky urine, arising from diseased kidneys. Biota alba has the same meaning. BLEU DE PRUSSE, Prussian blue. BLEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ble- ville is a village about two miles from Havre. The waters are acidulous chalybeate. BLIGHT IN THE EYE, Ophthalmia, catar- rhal. BLINDNESS, Caecitas—b. Colour, Achroma- topsia. BLISTER, Vesicato'rium, Emplas'trum Vesica- to'rium, Emplas'trum Lyttm,Epispas'ticum, Rlister plaster, from vesica, 'a bladder,' (F.) Vesicatoire, Vesicant. Any substance which, when applied to the skin, irritates it, and occasions a serous secre- tion, raising the epidermis, and inducing a vesicle. Various articles produce this effect, as cantha- rides, mustard, garou, euphorbium, garlic, ammo- nia, Ac. Blisters are used as counter-irritants. By exciting a disease artificially on the surface, we can often remove another which may be at the time existing internally. A perpetual blister is one that is kept open for a longer or a shorter time by means of appropriate dressings. Blister or vesication also means the vesicle produced by vesicatories. Blister, Magistral, (F.) Vesicatoire magis- tral. A prompt means of producing vesication rcommended by M. Valleix. It is prepared as follows :—Take powdered cantharides and wheat- flower, of each equal parts; vinegar, a sufficient quantity to form a soft paste. Blister Beetle, Cantharis. Blister Fly, Cantharis. Blister Plaster, Blister. BLISTERWEED, Ranunculus acris. ^ BLISTERING FLY, Cantharis—b. Paper, see gparadrapum vesieatorium—b. Tissue, Sparadra- pum vesieatorium. BLITUM AMERICANUM, Phytolacca de- can dra. BLOOD, Anglo-Saxon, bloo, from bleoan, 'to bleed.' Sanguis, Cruor, Lapis anima'lis, Hmma, 'atpa, (F.) Sang. An animal fluid formed chiefly from the chyle; acquiring important properties during respiration ; entering every organ through the circulation; distributing the nutritive princi- ples to every texture, and the source of every secretion. The blood is white in the molluscous and inferior animals, which have been, hence, called white-blooded, to distinguish them from the red-blooded, which class includes the mam- malia, birds, reptiles, and fishes. Human blood is composed of water, albumen, fibrin, an animal colouring substance, a little fatty matter—hmma- telm'um, and different salts; as chlorides of potas- sium and sodium, phosphate of lime, subcarbonate of soda, lime, magnesia, oxide of iron, and lactate of soda, united with an animal matter. Arterial blood is of a florid red colour, strong smell, temp. 100°; s. g. 1.049. Venous blood is of a brownish red: temp. 98°; s. g. 1.051. The difference in colour has given occasion to the first being called red blood; the latter, black. The former, which is distributed from the heart, is nearly the same through its whole extent: the latter is the re- mains of the arterial blood after the different elements have been taken from it in nutrition, and probably differs in composition. It likewise contains different substances absorbed. Venous blood, taken from a vessel and left to itself, be- comes solid, and separates into two distinct parts, —the serum or watery, supernatant fluid; and the cruor, coag'ulum, crassamen'tum, hepar seu placen'ta ean'guinia, placen'to cruo'ria, in'aula, thrombua, or clot. The serum is chiefly water, holding albumen in solution and the salts of the blood. The clot contains the fibrin, colouring matter — hmmatoain, a little serum, and a small quantity of salts. M. Le Canu found the blood to be composed—in 1000 parts—of water, 785.590; albumen, 69.415 ; fibrin, 3.565; colouring matter, 119.626; crystallizable fatty matter, 4.300; oily matter, 2.270; extractive matter soluble in alco- hol and water, 1.920; albumen combined with soda, 2.010 ; chlorides of sodium and potassium ; alkaline phosphates, sulphates, and subcarbon- ates, 7.304; subcarbonate of lime and magnesia, phosphate of lime, magnesia and iron, peroxide of iron, 1.414; loss, 2.586. The four principal components of the blood are fibrin, albumen, corpuscles, and saline matter. In the circulating blood they are thus combined— Albumen I *n somti°n forming Liquor Sangui- Salts, ') nia- Red Corpuscles—suspended in the Liquor San- guinis. In coagulated blood they are thus combined: Fibrin, } Forming the crassamentum or Red Corpuscles, j clot. Albumen, | Remaining in solution, forming Salts, J serum. The following table exhibits the computations of different physiologists regarding the weight of the circulating fluid—arterial and venous. Harvey, ) ]ba Lister, ! Moulins, f..............................--... 8 Abild<:iiard, J Bliimenbacli, l Lobb, >..................................10 Lower, ) Sprenirel....................................10 to 15 £,"'lther.....................................15 to 20 Blake.......................................jyj. t0 ]g» Miiller and Burdach.................'....... * 20 Wagner................................V.'.V.ijO to25 CUifsnai......................................07 F Hoffmann................... ............28 "aller.............................'.'•'.'.7.7.7.28 to 30 You njr............................................4Q Haniberger....................... eg Kei"............................'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.100 BLOODING 139 BOISSE The proportion of arterial blood to venous is about 4 to 9. Much attention has been paid to the varying condition of the blood in disease. The average proportion of each of the organic elements in 1000 parts of healthy blood is as follows, accord- ing to Le Canu, and MM. Andral and Gavarret:— fibrin, 3; red corpuscles, 127; solid matter of the serum, 80; water, 790. Dried human blood was, at one time, consi- dered to be anti-epileptic; that of the goat, dried, Sanguis hirci sicca'tus, sudorific and antipleu- retic Blood, Arterial, see Blood — b. Black, see Blood—b. Black, Vascular system of, see Vascu- lar—b. Casein, Globulin—b. Cerpuscles, Globules of the blood—b. Disease, Haematonosos—b. Disks, Globules of the blood—b. Dried, see Blood—b. Loss of, Haemorrhagia—b. Red, see Blood—b. Red, system of, see Vascular — b. Spitting of, Haemoptysis—b. Venous, see Blood—b. Vomit- ing of, Haematemesis—b. White, Lymph. BLOODING, Bloodletting. BLOODLESSNESS, Anaemia. BLOOD-LETTING, Missio seu Detrac'tio San'guinis, Hmmax'is, Cataschas'mus, Blooding, Bleeding, (F.) Saignee, Emission sanguine. A discharge of a certain quantity of blood produced by art: an operation which consists in making an opening into a vessel to draw blood from it. When practised on an artery, it is called Arteri- ot'omy ; on a vein, Phlebot'omy, Venasec'tio, Ve- nesec'tion; and on the capillary vessels, local or capillary, in contradistinction to the former, which is termed general. Blood-letting is used both during the existence of a disease, as in in- flammation, and in the way of prophylaxis. It is employed to fulfil various indications. 1. To diminish the actual mass of blood;—when it is termed, by the French pathologists, Saignee eva- cuative. In such case, fluids ought not to be al- lowed too freely afterwards. 2. To diminish the tur- gescence in any particular organ—( (F.) Saignee revulsive, Revulsive bloodletting or bleeding, Ve- nasec'tio revulso'ria, when performed far from the part affected; and Saignee derivative, when near.) 'i. To diminish the consistence of the blood, (F.) Saignie spoliative. The immediate effects of blood-letting are: diminution of the mass of blood and of heat; retardation of the pulse, and sometimes syncope. Blood-letting from the veins —phlebotomy, is practised on the subcutaneous veins of the neck, the face, the fore-arm, and the leg; sometimes on those of the hand or foot. The necessary apparatus consists of a bandage or riband, a compress of rag, and a lancet or phleam. The veins selected for the operation, are, 1. In the fold of the arm, five;—the cephalic, basilic, the two median, and the anterior cubital. 2. In the hand, the cephalic and salvatella. 3. In the foot, the great and little saphena. 4. In the neck, the external jugular. 5. In the forehead, the frontal. 6. In the mouth, the ranine. The ope- ration of phlebotomy in the limbs is performed by tying a circular bandage round the limb, in order that the subcutaneous veins may become turgid by the course of the blood being ob- structed : the bandage not being so tight, how- ever, as to compress the arteries of the limb. A puncture is made into the vein, and the desired quantity allowed to flow. The ligature is now removed, and a compress and retaining bandage applied. Capillary or local blood-letting is prac- tised on the skin or mucous membranes, by means of leeches, the lancet, or cupping. Bloodletting, Capillary, see Bloodletting— b. Derivative, see Bloodletting—b. Evacuative, see Bloodletting—b. General, see Bloodletting— b. Local, see Bloodletting — b. Revulsive, see Bloodletting—b. Spoliative, see Bloodletting. BLOODLIKE, Sanguine. BLOODROOT, Sanguinaria Canadensis. BLOODSHOT, Hyperaomic BLOODSTONE, lloamatites. BLOOD VESICLE, Globule of the blood. BLOOD VESSEL, (F.) Vaisaeau sangvin. vessel destined to contain and convey blood. Blood Ves%el, breaking, bursting, ruptur- ing of A. Haemorrhagia. BLOODWEED, Asclepias curassavica. BLOODWORT, Sanguinaria Canadensis. BLOODY, Sanguin'eua, Cruen'tus, Sanguin'- eoxis, (F.) Sanguin. Having the character of blood. Relating to blood. See Sanguine. BLOOM, HOXEY, Apocynum androsaemifo- lium. BLOTA ALBA, Bleta. BLOW, Ictus, Plege, (F.) Coup. Effect pro- duced by one body striking another. The im- pression made by any body which strikes us, or against which we strike; — a common cause of wounds, contusions, fractures, Ac. BLOWIXG SOUND, Bruit de Souffle. BLUE-BELLS, Gentiana catesbaei. BLUE-BERRY, Caulophyllum thalictroides, Lantana. BLUE BOTTLE, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus segetum. BLUE STONE, Cupri suluhas. BLUET DES MOISSONS, Cyanus segetum. BLUSH, see Flush. Blush, Cutaneous, see Efflorescence. BOA, Boia. An eruption of red, ichorous pim- ples.—Pliny. See, also, Hidroa and Sudamina, Boa Upas, Upas. BO^E, Syphilis. BOBERRI, Curcuma longa. BOCHIUM, Bronchocele. BOCIUM, Bronchocele. BOOKLET, MINERAL WATERS OF. The springs of Booklet, in Bavaria, are acidulous chalybeates. BODY, Corpus, Soma, (F.) Corps; from (Teu- tonic) boden, the 'fundus or bottom.'(?) The human body is the collection of organs whL-ii compose the frame. At times, however, body is used synonymously with trunk. We say, also, body of the femur, of the sphenoid, Ac, to desig- nate the shaft or middle portion of those bones; body of the uterus, Ac. Also, the rectum. Body, Coming down of the, Proctocele. BODY-SNATCHER, Resurrectionist. BOE, Cry. BOELLI, Intestines. BOETIIEMA, Medicament. BOG-BEAN, Menyanthes trifoliate. BOIIOX UPAS, Upas. BOIA, Boa. BOIL, Furunculus—b. Gum, Parulis—b. Ma- lignant, see Furunculus—b. Wasp's nest, see Fu- runculus. BOISDE CAMPECHE, Haematoxylum Cam- pechianum—b. de Chypre, Rhodium lignum — b. de Couleuvre, see Strychnos — b. de Marais, Ce- phalanthus occidentalis—b. de Plomb, Dirca pa- lustris — b. Puant, Prunus padus — 6. de Rose, Rhodium lignum—b. de Sappan, Caesalpinia sap- pan—b. Sudorifique, Wood, sudorific BOISSE, MIXERAL WATERS OF. These waters are situate about half a league from Fon- tenay-le-Compte, in France. They are purgative! BOISSON 140 BONE and seem to contain carbonate and sulphate of lime and chloride of sodium. BOISSON, Drink. BOITE, (F.) A box or case, Capsa, Pyxis. An apparatus for the reception of any matters which it may be desirable to preserve. In 'neck.' One who has a short neck. BRACHYCEPH'AL^E, (Gentes) 'shortheads,' from Ppax»g, 'short,' and xtipaXn, 'head.' In the classification of Retzius, those nations of men whose cerebral lobes do not completely cover the cerebellum — as the Sclavonians, Fins, Persians, Turks, Tartars, Ac. BRACHYCHRON'IUS, from PpaXvg, 'short,' and xP0V°s> ' time.' That which continues but a short time. A term applied to diseases which are of short duration.—Galen. BRACHYGNA'THUS, from PpaXvg, 'short,' and yvaOog, ' the under jaw.' A monster with too short an under jaw.—Gurlt. BRACnYNSIS, Abbreviation. BRACHYPNGIA, Dyspnoea. BRACHYP'OTI. from Ppaxys, 'short,' and irorng, ' drinker.' They who drink little, or who drink rarely. Hippoc, Galen, Foesius. BRACHYRHYN'CHUS ; from PpaXvg, 'short,' and pvyxog, ' snout.' A monster with too short a nose. BRACHYSMOS, Abbreviation. BRACING, Corroborant. BRACKEN, Pteris aquilina. BRADY,ESTHE'SIA, from PpaSvg, 'difficult,1 and amOnoig. 'sensation.' Impaired sensation. BRADYBOLISMUS, Brady sperm atismus. BRADYECOIA, Deafness. BRADYLOG"IA, Dysla'lia; from Ppa&vg, 'diffi- cult, and Xoyog, 'a discourse.' Diffieultv of speech. BRADYMASE'SIS, Bradymasse'sis, impro- perly Bradymaste'sis, Manduca'tio diffic"ilis, from (ipaovg, 'difficult,' and paax/aig, 'mastica- tion.' Difficult mastication. See Dysmasesis. BRADYMASTESIS, Bradymases'is. BRADYPEP'SIA, Tarda cibo'rum concoc'tio, from PpaSvg, • slow,' and rtirno, ' I digest.' Slow digestion.—Oalen. See Dyspepsia. BRADYSPERMATIS'MUS, Bradybolis'mue, Ejacula'tio sem'inis imped'ita, Dyspermatis'mus, from Ppuivs, 'slow,' and airippa, 'sperm.' A slow emission of sperm. BRADYSU'RIA, Tenee'mue vesica, (F.) Ti- BRADYTOCIA 145 BREAD nesme visical, from jipaSvg, 'difficult,' and ovptiv, ' to pass the urine.' Painful evacuation of the urine, with perpetual desire to void it. Dysuria. BRADYTOCIA, Dystocia. BRAG'GET, Braggart, Bragwort. A name formerly applied to a tisan of honey and water. See Hydromeli. BRA I, LIQUIDE, see Pinus sylvestris — b. Sec, Colophonia. BRAIN, Cerebrum—b. Fag, see Nervous dia- thesis—b. Little, Cerebellum—b. Pan, Cranium. BRAIXE, MIXERAL ABATERS OF. Braine is a small village, three leagues from Soissons, France, which has purgative waters similar to those of Passy. BRAKE, COMMON, Pteris Aquilina—b. Rock, Polypodium vulgare, Polypodium incanum—b. Root, Polypodium vulgare. BRAMBLE, AMERICAN HAIRY, see Rubus fruticosus—b. Common, Rubus fruticosus. BRAN, Furfur. BRANC-URSINE BATARDE, Heracleum spondylium. BRANCA GERMANICA, Heracleum spondy- lium—b. Ursina, Acanthus mollis—b. Vera, Acan- thus mollis. BRANCH, from (F.) Branche, originally, pro- bably, from /3pa^(uv, 'an arm,'(?) because branches of trees, Ac, go off like arms. A term applied, generally, to the principal division of an artery or nerve. The word is commonly used synony- mously with Ramus; but often, with the French, Branche signifies the great division; — Rameau, Lat. Ramus, the division of the branches; and Ramuscules, Lat. Ramusculi, the divisions of these last. The French, also, speak of the branches of the pubis for the Rami of that bone, branches of the Ischium for the rami of the ischium, Ac. BRANCHES DE LA MOELLE ALLON- GE E (PETITES) Corpora restiformia. BRANCHI, Branchm. Swellings of the ton- sils, or parotid, according to some;—of the thy- roid gland, according to others. BRAN'CHIA, (Gr.) BpayXia. The gills or re- spiratory organs of fishes, corresponding to the lungs of terrestrial animals. BRANCHUS, jipayxog, Rauce'do. A catarrhal affection of the mucous membrane of the fauces, trachea, Ac.—Galen. Hoarseness. BRANCI, Cynanche tonsillaris. BRANCIA, Vitrum. BRANDY, (G.) Branntwein, Dutch, Brandwijn, 'burnt wine.' Vinum adus'tum seu crema'tum, Aqua Vitm, (F.) Eau de vie, (S.) Aguardiente. The first liquid product obtained by distilling wine. It is composed of water, al- cohol, and an aromatic oily matter, which gives it its flavour. Brandy is a powerful and diffusi- ble stimulant, and as such is used in medicine. It has been also called Liquor Aquile'gius.. See Spirit. Brandy, Apple, see Pyrus malus — b. Egg, «ee Ovum. BRANKS, Cynanche parotidaea. BRANKURSIXE Acanthus mollis. BRANNTWEIN, Brandy. BRAS. See Oryza. BRAS, Brachium—6. du Cervelet, Corpora res- tiformia. BRASDOR'S OPERATION FOR ANEU- RISM. An operation by ligature, proposed by Brasdor, which consists in the application of the ligature on the distal side of the tumour. BRASEGUR, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bras6gur is a place in the diocess of Rhodez, where there are cathartic waters. 10 BRASENIA, B. Hydropeltis. Brase'nia Hydropel'tis, Brase'nia, B. peU ta'ta, Hydropel'tis purpu'rea, Gelat'ina aquat'ica, Frogleaf, Little Water Lily, Water Jelly, Water shield, Deerfood. An indigenous plant, Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceaa, Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia, flourishing from Kentucky to Carolina and Flo- rida; and covering the surface of ponds, marshes, Ac. The fresh leaves are mucilaginous, and have been used in pulmonary complaints, dysentery, Ac, like Cetraria. Brasenia Peltata, B. Hydropeltis. BRASH, WATER, Pyrosis. Brash, AVeaning, Atroph'ia Ablactato'rum. A severe form of diarrhoea, which supervenes at times on weaning. The Maladie de Cruveilhier appears to be a similar affection. BRASILETTO, see Caesalpinia. BRASIUM, Malt. BRASMOS, Fermentation. BRASS, Sax. briar, Welsh, pres. AurichaV- cum, Orichalcum, jEsecavum, Chrysochalcoe, (F.) Airain. A yellow metal, formed by mixing copper with calamine. The same general remarks apply to it as to copper. See Cuprum. BRAS'SICA, Crambe, Bras'sica olera'cea: B. capita'ta seu cuma'na of the old Romans. The Cabbage, (F.) Ohou potage.r. Family, Cruciferae. Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Cato wrote a book on its virtues. It is a vegetable by no means easy of digestion when boiled ; when raw, it appears to be more digestible. When forming a solid globular mass, like a head, it is the B. Capita'ta, (F.) Chou-Cabus, Ghou Pomme. Brassica Canina, Mercurialis perennis — b. capitate, Brassica—b. Cumana, Brassica. Bras'sica Eru'ca, B. his'pida, Eru'ca, E.fce'- tida seu sati'va, Sina'pis eru'ca, Sisym'brium erucas'trum, Garden Rocket, Roman Rocket, Ac, (F.) Chou Roquette, Roquette. This was consi- dered by the Romans an aphrodisiac, — Colu- mella. The seeds were ordinarily used. Bras'sica Flor'ida,—Bras'sica Pompeia'na of the ancients—the Cauliflower, Oaulis Flor'ida, (F.) Chou-fleur, is a more tender and digestible variety. The Broc'coli, B. Sabellica of the Romans, B. Italica, belongs to this variety. Brassica Hispida, B. eruca — b. Italica, B. Florida—b. Marina, Convolvulus soldanella. Bras'sica Napus, Napus Sylvestris, Bunias, Rape, (F.) Navette, The seed yields a quantity of oil. Brassica Nigra, Sinapis nigra—b. Oblonga, B. rapa—b. Oleracea, Brassica—b. Pompeiana, B. Florida. Bras'sica Rapa, Rapa rotun'da seu oblon'ga, Rapum majus, Rapa napus, Sina'pis tubero'sa, Turnip, (F.) Chou navet, Navet, Rave. The tur- nip is liable to the same objection (but to a less extent) as the cabbage. Brassica Sabellica, B. Florida. BRATHU, Juniperus sabina. BRATHYS, Juniperus sabina. BRA YER, Truss. BR A YE R A ANTHELMINTICA, Hagenia Abyssinica. BRAZIL WOOD, CaesaJpinia echinata, BREAD, see Triticum. Bread. Gluten. Bread made of wheat dough deprived of the chief portion of its starch by washing. Bread, made of gluten only, cannot be eaten, on account of its hardness and tough- ness; hence one fifth of the normal quantity of starch is allowed to remain, and in this form" the BREAD-FRUIT bread is said to be tolerably light, eatable, and moderately agreeable. Bread, Household, Syncomistos. BREAD-FRUIT TREE, Artocarpus. BREAST, Thorax, Mamma—b. Abscess of the, Mastodynia apostematosa. BREAST-GLASS, Milk-glass. A glass applied to the nipple to receive the milk when secreted oopiously by the mamma. Breast, Irritable, Neuralgia Mammae. BREAST-PANG, SUFFOCATIVE, Angina pectoris. BREAST-PUMP, Antlia Lactea. BREATH, Sax. bnaSe, Halitus, Anhelitus, An'imus, Spir'itus, Almos, (F.) Haleine. The air expelled from the chest at each expiration. It requires to be studied in the diagnosis of tho- racic diseases especially. See Respiration. Breath, Ofpens'ive; Fcetor Oris, Catostoma- tosphre'sia, Halitus oris fee'tidus, Oze. An offen- sive condition, which is usually7 dependent upon carious teeth, or some faulty state of the secre- tions of the air passages. The internal use of the chlorides may be advantageous. Breath, Saturnine, see Saturnine—b. Short, Dyspnoea. BREATHING AIR, see Respiration. Breathing, Difficulty of, Dyspnoea. BRECHET, (F.) The Erisket. This name is given in some parts of France to the cartilago ensiformis, and sometimes to the sternum itself. BRECHMA, Bregma. BRECHMUS, Bregma. BREDISSURE, (F.) Trismus Capistra'tvs. Incapacity of opening the mouth, in consequence of preternatural adhesion between the internal part of the cheek and gums; often occasioned by the abuse of mercury. RREDOUILLEMENT, (F.) Titubon'tia. A precipitate and indistinct mode of utterance, in which a part only of the words is pronounced, and several of the syllables viciously changed. This defect is analogous to stuttering, but differs from it in being dependent on too great rapidity of speech; whilst stuttering is characterized by continual hesitation, and frequent repetition of the same syllables. BREED, Race. BREEDING, Generation, Pregnant. Brkeding, Cross. The act of raising or breed- ing from different stocks or families. Breeding-in-and-in. The act of raising or breeding from the same stock or family. BRECJMA, Rrechma, Rreohmus, from /Joeyem', '„to sprinkle;' Fontanella, Sin'ciput. The top of the head was thus called, because it was be- lieved to be humid in infants ; and, according to some, because it was conceived to correspond to the most humid part of the brain. BREGMATODYMIA, see Cephalodymia. BRENXING, Burning. BREPHOCTONON, Conyza squarrosa. B RE P H 0 T ROPHE'UM, Ecthelobrephotro- phe'um, from Pptfog, 'a new-born child,' and rpo- ftiv, ' to nourish.' A foundling hospital. BRESILLET, Caasalpinia sappan. BRE'VIA VASA, Short Vessels. This name has been given to several branches of the splenic arteries and veins, which are distributed to the great cul-de-sac of the stomach. BREVIS CUBITI, see Anconeus. _ BRICK. (F.) Brique. Hot bricks are some- times used to apply heat to a part, as to the ab- domen in colic, or after the operation for popli- teal aneurism ; or, reduced to very fine powder, and mixed with fat, as an application to herpetic anu psoric affections. Bricks, Fomacea Testa or Tiles were for- 6 BROIEMENT merly bruised in vinegar, and the liquid was used as a specific in cutaneous affections. They en- tered, also, into a cerate used for scrofulous hu- mours, Ac. To the Terra Forna'cum, or Brick earth, the same virtues were assigned. BRICUMUM, Artemisia. BRIDE (F.), A bridle. Fra'nnlum, Reti- naculum. This term is given, in the plural, to membranous filaments, which are found within abscesses or deep-seated wounds, and which pre- vent the exit of pus. The term is, also, applied to preternatural adhesions, which occur in cica- trices of the skin, in the urethra, or in inflamed serous or synovial membranes. BRIER, WILD, Rosa canina. BRIGHT'S DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY, see Kidney, Bright's disease of the. BRIGHTON, CLIMATE OF. The air of this fashionable watering place, on the south coast of England, is dry, elastic, and bracing. According to Sir James Clark, its climate appears to the greatest advantage in the autumn and early part of the winter; when it is somewhat milder and more steady than that of Hastings. Accordingly, it is adapted for all cases in which a dry and mild air at this season of the year proves bene- ficial. In the spring months, owing to the pre- valence of, and its exposure to, north-east winds, the climate is cold, harsh, and exciting to the delicate. It is well adapted for convalescents, and for all who require a dry and bracing sea air. BRIMSTONE, Sulphur. BRINE, Muria. BRIXTON ROOT, Leptandria purpurea, BRION, Corallina, BRIQUE, Brick. BRIQUEBEC, MINERAL WATERS OF. This town is three leagues from Cherbourg, in France. The water contains chloride of iron. BR1SE-PIERRE ARTIGULE, (F.) An in- strument invented by Jacobson for crushing the stone in the bladder. BRISTOL HOT WELL, Bristolien'aia Aqua Bristol is about thirteen miles from Bath, ii England. The water is an almost pure thermal. slightly acidulated. It contains chlorides oi magnesium and sodium, sulphate of soda, sul- phate of lime, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid, oxygen and azote. Temperature, 74° Fah. The Hot Well has been long celebrated. Its action is like that of thermal waters in general. The climate of Bristol is mild, and hence the water has been celebrated for the cure of incipient pul- monary consumption. See Clifton. BRIZOCERAS, Ergot. BROAD, Sax. bpao, Lotus, (F.) Large. Any body is so termed whose transverse extent is considerable compared with its length. The Broad Bones, such as the frontal, parietal, occi- pital, iliac, aid in forming the parietes of splanch- nic cavities. Broad Muscles generally occupy the parietes of cavities, and especially those of the chest and abdomen. The epithet has also been applied to other parts—as to the broad liga- ments of the womb, Ac. BROCCOLI, Brassica sabellica. BROCHOS, (ipoxog, Laqueus. A bandage. BROCH'THUS, j3poX$og, Gula. The throat. Also, a kind of small drinking vessel.—Hipp. BROCHUS, (Spoxog. This name has been given to one who has a very prominent upper lip. Ac- cording to others, it means one whose teeth pro- ject in front of the mouth. BRO'DIUM. A synonym of Jus or Jus'culum.. Broth, or the liquor in which any thing is boiled, Bro>dium. salis—a decoction of salt. BROIEMENT, see Cataract, Laceration. 14 BROKEN DOSES 147 BRONCHITIS BROKEN DOSES, see Doses, broken. BROKEN-WIXDEDNESS, Asthma. BROMA, Aliment, Bromine. BROMATOKCCRISIS, Lientery. BROMATOG'RAPHY, Bromatograph'ia, Bro- mog'raphy, Bromograph'ia, from fipupa, ' food,' and ypaipn, ' a description.' A description of ali- ments. BROMATOL'OGY, Bromatolog"ia, Sitiology, from fipmpa, ' food,' and Xoyog, ' a discourse.' A treatise on food. BROME, Bromine. BROMEGRASS, Bromus ciliatus —b. Soft, Bromus ciliatus. BROME'LIA ANA'NAS, called after Olaus Bromel, a Swede. Car'duus Brazilia'nus, Ana'- nas ova'ta seu acuUa'ta, Anas'sa, Capa-Isiak'ka, Ana'nas or Pine Apple. A AVest India tree, which produces the most delicious of fruits. Brome'lia Pinguin, Ana'nas America'na, Pin- guin, Broad-leaved tcild Ana'nas, Ac. The AVest India plant, which affords the Pinguin fruit. The fruit is refrigerant, and the juice, when ripe, very austere. It is used to acidulate punch. A wine is made from the Pinguin, which is very intoxi- cating, and has a good flavour. BROMIC, Bro'micus: same etymon as Bro- mine. Containing bromine. BROMIDE OF IRON, see Bromine —b. of Mercury, see Bromine — b. of Potassium, see Bromine. BROMIDRO'SIS, from Ppauog, 'stench,' and 'lipiag, ' sweat.' Offensive sweat. BROMIXE, Bro'minum, Bromin'ium, Broma, Bromin'eum, Bro'mium, Bro'mina, Bromum, Mu'- rina, Muride, Brome. A simple body, of a very volatile nature, and highly offensive and suffo- cating odour, whence its name, from jipwpog, ' a stench.' It is met with chiefly in sea^water, and in many animal and vegetable bodies that live therein. It has likewise been found in many mineral waters of this and other countries. In its chemical relations, it may be placed between chlorine and iodine. AVith oxygen it forms an acid,—the Bromic, and with hydrogen another— the Hydrobromic. Pure Bromine, Bromide of Iron, (dose, gr. i or ij,) and Bromide of Potassium, have been used medicinally, and chiefly in scrofulosis, — internally, as well as applied externally. Bro- mine may be dissolved in forty parts of distilled water, and six drops be commenced with as a dose. Bromides of Mercury (Hydrar'gyri Bro'- mida) have been given in syphilis. The proto- bromide and the bibromide are analogous in composition and medicinal properties to the cor- responding iodides of mercury. BROMIUM, Bromine. BROMOGRAPHY, Bromatography. BROMOS, Ppupog. One of the cerealia, sup- posed, by some, to be oats. See Avena. BROMOSUS, Fetid. BROMUM, Bromine. BROMUS CILIA'TUS, B. purgans, Brome grass; indigenous : Order, Gramineae ; is said to be emetic, and anthelmintic ( ?), cathartic and diuretic. It purges cattle. Bromus Glaber, Triticum repens. Bromus Mollis, Soft Brome Grass. The seeds are said to cause giddiness in man; and to be fatal to poultry. Bromus Purgans, B. ciliatus. Bromus Temulentus, Lolium temulentum. BRONCHES, Bronchia — b. Ganglions lym- phatiques des, Bronchial glands. BRONCHI, Bronchia. BRON'CHiA, Bron'chim, Bronchi, from Ppoy Xos> 'the throat.' The Latins used the term Bronchus, for the whole of the trachea; whilst they called its ramifications Bronchia. Bronchia, Bronchia., and Bronchi, (F.) Bronches, now mean the two tubes, with their ramifications, which arise from the bifurcation of the trachea, and carry air into the lungs,— Can'nulm pulmo'num. Bronchia, Dilatation of the, Dilated Bron- chia. The physical signs of this condition are the following :—Percussion usually clear, but not unfrequently less so than natural, although very seldom quite dull. Auscultation detects coarse mucous or gurgling rhonchi, increased by the cough, combined with, or replaced by, bronchial or cavernous respiration, which is often effected as if by a sudden puff or whiff. The resonance of the voice is increased, but it seldom amounts to perfect pectoriloquy. The most common situ- ations for dilated bronchia are the scapular, mam- mary, or lateral regions. They are almost always confined to one side. Bronchia, Obliteration or Compression op the. The inspiratory murmur on auscultation is weaker or wholly suppressed over a limited portion of the chest; the expiration is generally more distinct and prolonged: all the other con- ditions are natural. BRONCHUS, see Bronchia. BRON'CHIAL, Bronchic, Bronchia'lis, Bron'- chicus. That which relates to the bronchia. Bronchial Arteries, (F.) ArtZres Bronchiques. These are generally two in number, one going to each lung. They arise from the thoracic aorta, and accompany the bronchia in all their ramifi- cations. Bronchial Cells, (F.) Cellules bronchiques. The Air-cells ; the terminations of the bronchia. Bronchial Cough, (F.) Toux bronchique, T. tubaire. This generally accompanies bronchial respiration. They both indicate obstruction to the entrance of air into the air-cells. Bronchial Glands, Glan'dula Vesalia'nm, Glands of Vesa'lius, (F.) Glandes bronchiques ou Ganglions lymphatiquea dee bronches, are numer- ous glands of an ovoid shape; of a reddish hue in the infant, and subsequently brown and black, seated in the course of the bronchia. Their func- tions are unknown. The bronchial glands may be presumed to be affected by scrofulosis, when, in addition to the existence of tumours in the neck, percussion gives a dull sound under the upper and central part of the sternum, whilst there is no appreciable lesion of the lungs. Bronchial Nerves, (F.) Nerfs bronchiques, are furnished by the two pulmonary plexuses. Bronchial Phthisis, see Phthisis bronchial— b. Respiration, see Murmur, respiratory. Bronchial Veins arise from the last divisions of the arteries of the same name, and pass, on the right side, into the vena azygos; on the left, into the superior intercostal. BRONCHIC, Bronchial. BRONCHIECTASIS, Dilota'tio bronchia'rum, from Ppoyxog, ' a bronchus,' and txraaig, ' dilata- tion.' Dilatation of one or more bronchial tubes. BROXCHIITIS, Bronchitis. BROX'CIIIOLE, Bronchiolum, Bronchiolus ; diminutive of Bronchium or Bronchus. A minute bronchial tube. BRONCHOSTENOSIS, from PPoyXog, 'a bronchus,' and ortvotng, 'contraction.' Contrac- tion or narrowness of the bronchi. BRONCHITE CONVULSIVE, Pertussis. BRONCHI'TIS, Rronchii'tis, Inflamma'tio bronchio'rum, Catar'rhus Pulmo'num, C. bron- chio'rum, Pleuri'tis hu'mida, P. bronchia'lis, Bronchos'tasis, Pulmonary Catarrh, Anginu bronchialis, (F.) Inflammation des Blanche*. Inflammation of the lining membrane of tbj; BRONCHIUS 143 BRUCOURT bronchial tubes. This is always more or less present in cases of pulmonary catarrh; and is accompanied by cough, mucous expectoration, dyspnoea, and more or less uneasiness in breath- ing. The acute form is accompanied with all the signs of internal inflammation, and requires the employment of antiphlogistics followed by revul- sives. The chronic form, Tussis seni'lis, Catar'- rhus seni'lis, Rheuma catarrha'le, Peripneumo'- nia notha, Rronchorrhce'a acu'ta, Winter cough, Chronic Catarrh, may be confounded with phthi- sis ; from which it must be distinguished mainly by the absence of hectic fever and of the physical signs that are characteristic of the latter, as well as by the nature of the expectoration, which is generally mucous, although at times muco-puru- lent. When the expectoration is little or none, the bronchitis is said to be dry, dry catarrh, (F.) Catarrhe Sec. When bronchitis affects the smaller tubes, it is termed capillary bronchi'tis, bronchi'tis capilla'- ris, bronchoc'ace infantilis (?), and is often fatal to children. Vesic'ular bronchitis is the term pro- posed by MM. Rilliet and Barthez for the vesi- cular pneumonia of children. Bronchitis, Catarrh—b. Asthenica, Peripneu- monia notha — b. Capillary, see Bronchitis — b. Convulsiva, Pertussis—b. Membranacea, Polypus bronchialis—b. Plastic, Polypus bronchialis — b. Pseudomembranous, Polypus bronchialis — b. Summer, Fever, hay — b. Vesicular, see Bron- chitis. BRONCHIUS, Sterno-thyroideus. BRONCHLEMMITIS, Polypus bronchialis. BRONCHOCACE, Peripneumonia notha —b. Infantilis, see Bronchitis. BRONCHO-CATA.RRHUS, Catarrh. BRONCHOCE'LE, from fipoyxog, 'a bronchus,' and KnXn, ' tumour.' An inaccurate name for the affection which is called, also, Ro'chium, Botium, Hernia gut'turis, Guttur tu'midum seu globo'sum, Trachelophy'ma, Hernia guttura'lis, Thyroce'le, Thyreoce'le, Tracheocele, Thyremphrax'is, Thy- reophrax'ia, Thyreon'cus, Thyron'cus, Deiron'- cus, Deron'cus, Thyrophrax'ia, Gossum, Go'tium, Exechebron'chus, Gongro'na, Struma, Glans, Bo'- cium, Her'nia bronchia'lis, Tracheloce'le, Tuber gutturo'sum, Gutte'ria, Ac, the Derbyshire neck, Swelled neck, Wen, Goitre, Ac, (F.) Goitre, Gou- Itre, Hypertrophic du Corps Thyro'ide, Grosse Gorge, Gros Cou. This is no rupture, but con- sists of an enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is common at the base of lofty mountains in every part of the world ; and has been supposed to be owing to the drinking of snow-water, but it occurs where there is no snow. The tumour is sometimes very extensive. Iodine has great power over it, and will generally occasion its absorption, when the case has not been of such duration as to have ended in a cartilaginous con- dition. BRONCHOCEPHALITIS, Pertussis. BRONCHOPARALYSIS, Asthma. BRONCHOPHONY, Resonance. BRONCHOPLAS'TIC, Bronchoplas'ticus, from Ppoyxog, ' a bronchus,' and irXaooio, ' I form.' An epithet given to the operation for closing fistulas in the trachea. BRONCHOPNEUMO'NIA, from PpayXog, 'a bronchus,' and Pneumonia. Inflammation of the bronchia and lungs. BRONCHORRHffi'A, (F.) Bronchorrhee, Ca- tarrhe pituiteux, Phlegmorrhagie pulmonaire, Flux bronchique, from fipoyxog, ' bronchus,' and ptu. ' I flow.' An increased secretion of mucus from the air passages, accompanied or not by in- flammation : — a gleet, as it were, of the pulmo- nary mucous membrane. Bronchorrhcea Acuta, Bronchitis (chronic.) BRONCHOSTASIS, Bronchitis. BRONCHO TOME, Bronchol omus, from Ppoy- Xog, and repvuv, 'to cut.' A kind of lancet, with a blunt and rounded point, mounted on a handle, and fitted to a canula, which passes in along with it, and is allowed to remain in the opening made in the trachea. BRONCHOT'OMY, Bronchotom'ia, (F.) Bron- chotomie. Same etymology. A surgical opera- tion, which consists in making an opening either into the trachea, (Tracheolomy:) into the larynx, (Laryngot'omy:) or into both, (Tracheo-laryngol- omy,) to extract foreign bodies or to permit the passage of air to the lungs. These different parts are divided transversely or vertically, according to circumstances. BRONCHUS, see Bronchia. Trachea. BROOKLIME, Veronica beccabunga. BROOM, Sophora tinctoria, Spartium scopa- rium—b. Butcher's, Ruscus—h. Clover, Sophora tinctoria—b. Indigo, Sophora tinctoria—b. Rape, of Virginia, Orobanche Virginiana—b. Spanish, Spartium junceum—b. Yellow, Sophora tinctoria. BROSSADIERE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Brossardiere is a chateau in Bas-Poitou, France. The waters contain carbonates of iron and lime, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of lime. They are aperient. BROSSE, Brush. BROTH, CHICKEN, see Chicken Broth. Broth, Vegetable. Take two potatoes, a car- rot, and an onion, all cut fine; boil in a quart of toater for an hour, adding more water from time to time, so as to keep the original quantity; fla- vour with salt, and a small quantity of potherbs ; strain. A little mushroom catchup improves the flavour. BROUILLARD, Caligo. BROUS'SAIST. One who is a believer in, and professor of, the physiological and pathological opinions of Broussais. The system itself was called Broussaism, or the Physiological Doc- trine. BROW, Front—b. Ague, Neuralgia frontalis. BROWN RED, Colcothar. BROAVN'IAN, Browno'nian, Bruno'nian. Re- lating to the system or opinions of John Brown. BROWNISM, Bru'nonism, Bruno'nianism. The doctrines of Brown. BROAArNIST, Broxcno'nian, Bruno'nian. A follower of the system of Brown. BRU'CEA ANTI-DYSENTER'ICA. Called after Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller. B. ferru- gin'ea, Angustu'ra spu'ria, (F.) Fausse Angus- ture, A. Ferrugineuse. The systematic name of the plant whence was obtained—it was supposed —false Angustura or false Cusparia Bark. It is really the bark of Strychnos nux vomica. BRUCIA, Brucine. BRUCINE, Bru'cia, Bruci'na, Bruci'num, Bru'cium, Pseudangusturi'num, Canirami'num, Vom'icine. An organic, salifiable base, disco- vered in the false angustura — Brueea anti-dy- senter'ica, and obtained from Strychnos nux vom'- ica. It is of a pearly white; crystallizes in oblique prisms with a parallelogrammatic base; is very bitter, slightly acrid and styptic, and soluble in water, but more so in alcohol. Brucia is a less active poison than strychnia. It resembles it, however, and may be used as a substitute for it and for the extract of nux vomica. Dose, half a grain. BRUCKENAU, MINERAL WATERS OF. These springs are in Bavaria, and contain car- bonic acid and iron. BRUCOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. Brucourt is three leagues and a half from Caen, BRUISE 149 BRUSH In Normandy. The waters contain carbonic acid, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of soda, much sulphate of lime, Ac. BRUISE, Contusion. BRUISE ROOT, Stylophorum diphyllum. BRUISEAVORT, Bellis saponaria. BR UISSEMENT, (F.) Frem'itus. This word has much the same signification as Bourdonne- ment, as well as Bruit. BRUIT, (F.) 'Sound.' A French term, ap- plied to various sounds heard on percussion and auscultation, viz. BRUIT DE CRAQUEMENT, B.de Tiraille- ment, Bruit de cuir neuf ' sound of crackling, or bursting, or of new leather.' A sound produced by- the friction of the pericardium, when dried and roughened by inflammation. BRUIT DU CIEUR FQHTAL, Battemens dou- bles; Double bruit du Cceur du Fostus. The pul- sations of the foetal heart heard in auscultation in the latter half of utero-gestation. BRUIT DE CUIR NEUF, Bruit de craque- ment. BRUIT DE DIABLE, Ronflement du Diable, Bruit de souffle d double courant, 'noise of the diable or humming-top.' Venous hum. A high degree of Bruit de soufflet, heard on auscultating the arteries or veins—probably the latter—of the neck in chlorosis. It denotes an impoverished state of the blood. BRUIT D0 UBLE DU CCEUR DU FOETUS, Bruit du Occur fcetal—b. de FrSlement, see FrSle- ment. BRUIT DE FROISSEMENT PULMO- NAIRE, see Froissement pulmonaire. BRUIT DE FRdLEMENT PERICAR- DIQUE, see Frolement pericardique. BR UIT DE FR 0 TTEMENT ASCENDANT ET DESCENDANT, 'Sound of friction of ascent and descent.' Sounds produced by the rubbing of the lung against the parietes of the chest, as it rises and falls during inspiration and expiration. They are distinctly heard in pleuritis, when the pleura has become roughened by the disease. Friction sounds, Rubbing sounds, To-and-fro sounds are also heard in pericarditis and perito- nitis. BRUIT HUMORIQUE, E. Hydropneuma- tique. The sound afforded on percussion when organs are filled with liquid and air. BRUIT HYDROPNEUMATIQUE, Bruit humorique. BRUIT DE MOUCHE (F.), 'fly sound.' A sound analogous to the Bruit de diable—so called from its likeness to the buzzing of a fly:—heard on auscultating the neck in chlorotic cases. BRUIT MUSCULAIRE. The sound accom- panying the first sound of the heart, referred by some to muscular contraction. Called, also, Bruit rotatoire, in consequence of its having been thought to resemble the rumbling of distant wheels. BRUIT MUSICAL, Sifflement module. BRUIT DE PARCHEMIN. 'Parchment tone.' A sound as if produced by two sheets of parchment applied to each other. It is said to be produced by thickening and rigidity of the valves of the heart. BRUIT PL AGENT AIRE, B. de soufflet pla- centaire, B. uterin, Souffle utSrin, Souffle placen- taire, Placental bellow^ sound, Utero-placen'tal murmur, U'terine murmur. The bellows' sound heard on auscultating over the site of the pla- centa in a pregnant female. It does not appear to be owing to the placental vessels: but to the uterine tumour pressing upon the large vessels of the mother. f BR UIT DE P 0 T FELE ;' Sound of a cracked vessel.' This sound is heard on percussion, when a cavern in the lungs is filled with air, and has a narrow outlet. BRUIT DE RACLEMENT, 'Sound of scra- ping.' A sound produced by the scraping of hard, solid membranes, as the pericardium, against each other. RRUIT DE RAPE, 'Sound of a rasp.' A sound heard during the contraction of either the auricles or ventricles. It is constant; and the contraction of the cavity is more prolonged than natural, and emits a hard, rough, and — as it were—stifled sound. It indicates contraction of the valvular orifices by cartilaginous deposits, or ossification, and is better heard near the apex of the heart, if the auriculo-ventricular valves be concerned,—near the base if the semilunar valves be the seat of the disease. BRUIT ROTATOIRE, Bruit musculaire. BRUIT DE SCIE, or 'saw-sound,' and Bruit de lime a bois, or 'file-sound,' resemble the Bruit de Rape. BRUIT DE SOUFFLE A DOUBLE COU- RANT, Bruit de Diable. BRUIT DE SOUFFLET, Bruit de Souffle, 'bellows' sound,' 'blowing sound.' A sound like that of a bellows, heard occasionally by the ear applied to the chest during the contraction of the ventricles, auricles, or large arteries. It coexists with affections of the heart, but is heard, also, without any disease in that organ,—whenever, indeed, an artery is compressed. An Encephalic bellows' sound, has been described by Drs. Fisher and Whitney. It is heard on applying the ear to the occiput or to the top of the head; and is considered to indicate turgescence of vessels, or inflammation. When such turgescence exists, the vessels are compressed, and the compression gives rise to the sound in question. BRUIT DE SOUFFLET PLACENTAIRE, Bruit placentaire — b. de Tiraillement, Bruit de craquement. BRUIT DE TAFFETAS. 'Sound of Taf- feta.' ' Sarcenet sound.' A respiratory sound, so named, by M. Grisolle, from its resembling the sound caused by the tearing of a piece of taffeta; and which he considers to indicate hepatization of the lung, limited to the surface, in pneumonia. BRUIT TYMPANIQUE, 'Tympanic sound.' The clear sound afforded by percussing the sto- mach and intestines when containing air. RRUIT UTERIN, B. placentaire. BRULURE, Burn. BRUNELLE, Prunella. BRUNNER'S GLANDS, Brunneri Glan'dulm, Glandulm solita'rim, Solitary glands, Solitary follicles, Second pan'creas. Compound muci- parous follicles, seated between the mucous and muscular coats of the stomach, along the two curvatures of that organ, and in the duodenum; so called from their discovery having been gene- rally attributed to Brunner. The solitary intes- tinal follicles are often known, at the present day, as the glands of Brunner, although Brunner restricted the latter term to the glands of the duodenum. BRUNONIAN, Brownian. BRUNOMANISM, Brownism. BRUNUS, Erysipelas. BRUSCUS, Ruscus. BRUSH, Scop'ula, (F.) Brosse. A well known instrument, used in medicine chiefly for the fol- lowing purposes. 1. To clean the teeth. 2. To remove the saw-dust which adheres to the teeth of the trephine, during the operation of trephin- ing. 3. To rub the surface of the body, for the purpose of exciting the skin, and favouring trans- BRUTA 150 BUBONULUS piration. Westring, a Swedish physician, has recommended metallic brushes for the purpose of conveying galvanism to a part. These brushes consist of a plate of ebony fitted to another of gold, in which threads of the same metal are fixed;—the brush being connected with one of the poles of the galvanic pile. Brush, Stomach, Excutia ventriculi. BRUTA, Juniperus sabina. BRU'TIA. A sort of thick pitch, obtained from Brutia, in Italy. From Fix Brutia was obtained the O'leum Pici'num. Brutia, Instinct. BRUTINO, Terebinthina. BRUXANELI. A Malabar tree, the bark and leaves of which have a strong smell, and are astringent. On the coast of Malabar, its juice, mixed with butter, is applied to boils. Its bark is esteemed to be diuretic, and its roots anti-arthritic. BRUYERE VULGAIRE, Erica vulgaris. BRUYERES, MINERAL AVATERS OF. Bruyeres is a small village, 7£ leagues from Luneville. The waters are acidulous and chaly- beate. BRYCETOS, see Algidus. BRYCHETHMOS, Rugitus. BRYCHETOS, see Algidus. BRYGMA, Brygmus, Trisis, Prisis, Prismus, Odontoprisis, Stridor Den'tium, (F.) Grincement des Dents. Grinding of the teeth. A common symptom, in children, of gastric or other derange- ment, but often present when there is no reason to suspect any. BRYO'NIA AFRICA'NA. A South African remedy, common amongst the Hottentots, which, in the form of decoction, acts simultaneously as an emetic, cathartic, and diuretic. It is used by the natives in cutaneous diseases, dropsy, and syphilis. The tincture is a powerful emetic and cathartic.—Thunberg. BRYO'NIA ALBA; White Rry'ony, Vitis alba sylves'tris, Agros'tis, Agriam!pelos, Am'pelos a'gria, Archeos'tris, Echetro'sis, Rryo'nia as'pera, Cedros'tis, Chelido'nium, Labrus'ca, Melo'thrum, Ophrostaph'ylon, Pailo'thrum, Bryonia Dioi'ca. Nat. Ord. Cucurbitaceae. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. (F.) Couleuvree, Vigne vierge, V. blanche. The root is large and succulent, and has an acrid, bitter, and disagreeable taste. It is a drastic cathartic Externally, it has been applied, in form of cataplasm, in gout. AVhen repeatedly washed, a good starch is obtained from it. The active principle has been separated from it, and called Bry'onine. Bryonia Mechoacanna Nigricans, Convol- vulus jalapa—b. Peruviana, Convolvulus jalapa. BRYONINE, see Bryonia alba. BRYONY, AVILD, Sycios angulatus. BRYTIA, Marc of grapes. BRYTON, Cerevisia. BU, fiov, abbreviation of (iovg, 'an ox;' in com- position expresses, 'excess, greatness.' Hence Bulimus, Buphthalmia, Ac. BUBASTECORDIUM, Artemisia vulgaris. BUBE, Pustule. BUBO, jJovfiiov, Pano'chia, Panus inguina'lis, Adenophy'ma inguina'lis, Bubonopa'nus, Bubo- non'cus, Bubon'eus, Oambu'ca, Angus, Boubon, Codoce'le, Codoscella, (F.) Bubon, Poulain. In the works of Hippocrates and Galen, this word sometimes signifies the groin—Inguen; at others, the inguinal glands; and at others, again, swell- ing or inflammation of these parts. The moderns apply the term to an inflammatory tumour seated in the groin or axilla, and they generally distin- guish, 1. Simple or Sympathetic Bubo, which is independent of any virus in the eoonomy. 2. Venereal Bubo, (F.) Bubon vrnSrien, which is oc- casioned by the venereal virus. 3. Pestilential Bubo, or B. symptomatic of the Plague. The last two have by some been called malignant Bubo, (F.) Bubon malin. Primary Bubo, (F.) Bubon primitif, shows it- self with the first symptoms of syphilis: the con- secutive not till afterwards. BUBON, Bubo, Inguen—b. Gummiferum, see Ammoniac gum. _, BUBON FfEMBLEE, (F.) An enlargement and suppuration of one or more of the inguinal glands, not preceded by any other of the more common forms of venereal disease, nor by any other syphilitic symptom. Bubon Gal'banum. The systematic name of a plant which has been supposed to afford galbanum; Meto'pion, Mato'rium. The plant is also called Fer'ula Africa'n-o, Oreoseli'num Afri- ca'num, Ani'sum frutico'sum galbanif'erum, Ani- sum Africa'num frutes'cens, Sell num Galbanum, Agasyllis galbanum, The long-leaved or lovage- leaved Galbanum. Nat. Ord. Uinbelliferas. The plant can scarcely, however, be considered to be determined. Galbanum is the gummi-resinous juice. Its odour is fetid, and taste bitter and acrid : the agglutinated tears are of a white co- lour, on a ground of reddish-brown. It forms an emulsion, when triturated with water, and is solu- ble in proof spirits of wine, and vinegar: s. g. 1.212. It has been given as an antispasmodic, and expectorant, in pill or emulsion. Dose, from gr. 10 to 60. Externally, it is applied as a cata- plasm. Bubon galbanum is a South African plant; and is reputed to be an excellent diuretic, under the name of Wild Celery. A decoction of the leaves is given in dropsy and gravel. According to Pappe, the resinous matter, which exudes from the stem, differs in appearance, smell, and in every respect, from Gummi Galbanum. Bubon Macedon'icum, Athaman'ta Macedon'- ica, Petrosellnum Macedon'icum, A'pium petrm'- um, Petra'pium, (F.) Persil de Mucedoine, Mace- donian Parsley. Its properties are similar to those of common parsley, but weaker and less grateful. The seeds are an ingredient in the celebrated compounds, Mithridate and Theriac. BUBONA, Nipple. BUBONALGIA, from /3o«/3o)v, 'thegroin,' and aXyog, 'pain.' Pain in the groin. BUBONCUS, Bubo. BUBO'NIUM, Aster Al ticus, Golden Starwort. A plant anciently supposed to be efficacious in diseases of the groin, from (iov$iov, ' the groin.' BUBONOCE'LE, from fiov(3u>v, 'the groin,'and KnXn, 'tumour,' 'rupture.' Her'nia inguina'lis, (F.) Hernie inguinale, In'guinal Hernia, or Rup- ture of the Groin. Some surgeons have confined this term to hernia when limited to the groin, and have called the same affection, when it has descended to the scrotum, Oscheocele, or Scrotal Hernia. The rupture passes through the abdo- minal ring: and, in consequence of the greater size of the opening in the male, it is more fre- quent in the male sex. BUBONONCUS, Bubo. BUBONOPANUS, Bubo. BUBONOREX'IS, from favfav, 'the groin,' and pi?fij, 'a rupture.' A name given to bubo- nocele when accompanied with a division of the peritoneum, or when, in other words, it is devoid of a sac. BUBON'ULUS, Bubun'culus. A diminutive of Bubo. A painful swelling of the lymphatics of the penis, extending along the dorsum of that organ to the groin. It is an occasional acoom- paniment of gonorrhoea. BUBUKLE 151 BULBUS BUBUKLE. A word used by Shakspeare for a red pimple on the nose. BUBUNCULUS, Bubonulus. BUCAROS, Terra Portugallica. BUCCA, Gnatlws. The mouth. The cheek and hollow of the cheek. Also, the vulva. BUCCAC'RATON, from Bucca, and xpaw, 'I mix.' A morsel of bread sopped in wine, which served of old for a breakfast.—Linden. BUCCAL, Bucca'lis, from Bucca, ' the mouth,' or rather ' the cheek.' That which concerns the mouth, and especially the cheek. Buccal Artery, A. Sus-maxillaire, (Ch.) arises from the internal maxillary or from some of its branches, as the Temporalis profunda an- tica, or the Alveolar. It distributes its branches to the buccinator muscle, and to the buccal mem- brane. Buccal Glands, Molar Glands. Mucous fol- licles, seated in the buccal membrane, opposite the molar teeth. They secrete a viscid humour, which mixes with the saliva, and lubricates the mouth. Buccal Membrane, (F.) Membrane Buccale. The mucous membrane, which lines the interior of the mouth. Buccal Nerve, or Buccina'tor Nerve, Bucco- labial—(Ch.,) is given off by the inferior maxil- lary. It sends its branches to the cheek, and especially to the buccinator muscle. Buccal Vein follows the artery. BUC'CEA, Buccella. The fleshy excrescence of nasal polypus, so called because it was believed to proceed from the mouth.—Paracelsus. Also, a mouthful. BUCCELA'TON, Buccela'tus. A loaf-shaped cathartic medicine; made chiefly of scammony. —Aetius. Paulus of iEgina. BUCCELLA'TIO. A mode of arresting hemor- rhage, by applying a pledget of lint to the bleed- ing vessel.—Avicenna, Fallopius. BUCCINA, Turbinated bones. BUCCINA'TOR, from buccinare, 'to sound the trumpet.' The Buccina'tor Muscle, Retrac'- tor An'guli Oria, Bucco-Alveolo-maxillaire, Alve- olo-labial — (Ch.,) Manso'rius, is situate in the substance of the cheeks. It extends between the posterior portions of the alveolar arches of the two jaws and the commissure of the lips, which it draws backward. It assists in mastication, by pushing the food back towards the teeth ; and, if the cheeks be distended by air, its contrac- tion forces it out. BUCCO. One who is blub-cheeked, or wide- mouthed. , BUCCO-ALVEOLO-MAXILLAIRE, Bucci- nator. BUCCO-LABIAL NERVE, Buccal nerve. BUCCO-PHARYNGE'AL, Bucco-Pharynge'- us, (F.) Bucco-Pharyngien. Belonging to the mouth and pharynx. The Bucco-pharynge'al Aponeuro'sis or Intermax'illary Lig'ament, ex- tends from the internal ala of the pterygoid pro- cess to the posterior part of the lower alveolar arch, and affords attachment, anteriorly, to the buccinator, and, posteriorly, to the constrictor pharyngis superior. BUC'CULA, from Bucca, 'the mouth.' A small mouth. The fleshy part beneath the chin. —Bartholine. BUCERAS, Trigonella fcenum — b. Fcenum Graecum, Trigonella fcenum Graecum. BUCHU, Diosma crenata—b. Leaves, Diosma crenata. BUCKBEAN, Menyanthes trifoliate,—b. Ame- rican, Meuyanthcs verna. BfJCKBERRY, Araccinium stamineum. BUCKET FEVER, Dengue. BUCKEYE, ,35sculus hippocastanum. BUCKHO, Diosma crenata. BUCKTHORN, PURGING, Rhamnus. BUCKWHEAT, Polygonum fagopyrum —b. Plant, eastern, Polygonum divaricatum. BUCNEMIA, see Elephantiasis — b. Tropica, see Elephantiasis. BUCTON, Hymen. BUFF, INFLAMMATORY, Corium phlogis- ticum. BUFFY COAT, Corium phlogisticum. BUG, (BED,) Cimex. BUGANTIA, Chilblain. BUG'GERY, Sod'omy, Sodom'ia, Co'itus So- domit'icus, (I.) Bugarone. Said to have been introduced by the Bulgarians. A carnal copula- tion against nature, as of a man or woman with any animal; or of a man with a man, or a man unnaturally with a woman. The unnatural crime. BUGLE, Prunella — b. Common, Ajuga rep- tans—b. Pyramidale, Ajuga—b. Rampante, Aju- ga reptans — b. Water, Lycopus Virginicus — b. AVeed, Lycopus. BUGLOSE, Anchusa officinalis. BUGLOSS, DYER'S, Anchusa tinctoria —b. Garden, Anchusa officinalis—b. Upright, Ajuga. BUGLOSSA, Anchusa officinalis. BUGLOSSUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM MAJUS, Anchusa officinalis—b. Latifolium, Borago offici- nalis— b. Sativum, Anchusa officinalis — b. Syl- vestris, Anchusa officinalis — b. Tinctorum, An- chusa tinctoria — b. Verum, Boracic acid — b. Vulgare majus, Anchusa officinalis. BUGRANDE EPINEUSE, Ononis spinosa. BUGRANE, Ononis spinosa—b. des Champs, Ononis arvensis. BUGULA, Ajuga—b. Chamaepitys, Teucrium chamaepitys — b. Pyramidalis, Ajuga — b. Rep- tans, Ajuga reptans. PUIS, Buxus. BUISARD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bui- sard is two leagues from Chateau-Thierry, in France. The water contains chloride of calcium and carbonate of lime. BULB, Rulbus, (F.) Rulbe. A name, given by anatomists to different parts which resemble, in shape, certain bulbous roots. The Rulb of the Aorta is the great sinus of the Aorta. Bulb of a Tooth; the vascular and nervous papilla con- tained in the cavity of a tooth. The Bulb or Root of the Hair is the part whence the hair originates. The Bulb of the Urethra is the dilated portion formed by the commencement of the Corpus spongiosum towards the root of the penis. We say, also, Bulb, for Globe, of the eye. Bulb of the Eye, see Eye—b. of the Female, Bulbus vestibuli — b. Rachidian, see Medulla oblongata. BULBE, Bulb—b. du Vagin, Bulbus vestibuli — b. de la Voute d trois Piliers, Mamillary tu- bercles. BULBI FORNICIS, Mamillary tubercles—b. Priorum Crurum Fornicis, Mamillary tubercles. BULBOCASTANEUM, Bunium bulbocas- tanum. BULBO-CAVERNOSUS, Accelerator urinas— b. Syndesmo-eavernevx, Accelerator urinae — b. Urethral, Accelerator urinae. BULBOCODIUM, Narcissus pseudonarcissus. BULBONACH, Lunaria rediviva. BULBUS, Bulb. Bulbus Esculen'tus. The Es'culent Bulb: a particular kind, so denominated by the an- cients. It is supposed to have been the Cepa Ascalon'ica.—Dioscorides, Celsus, Pliny, Ac. BULESIS 152 BURSJ3 MUCOSiB Bulbus Glandulosus, Proventriculus — b. Oculi, see Eye — b. Olfactorius, see Olfactory Nerves — b. Pili, see Hair — b. Rachidicus, see Medulla oblongata—b. Vaginae, B. vestibuli. Bulbus Vestib'uxi, B. Vagina, Plexus reti- form'is, Crura clitor'idis inter'na, Bulb or Semi- bulb of the Female, (F.) Bulbe du Vagin. A close- packed plexus of intricately anastomosing veins, inclosed in a fibrous investment, — being an im- mediate continuation and extension of the pars intermedia, and occupying the space between the beginning or vestibule of the vagina and the rami of the pubic arch. It is regarded by Louth, Taylor, Morgagni and Kobelt as the analogue of the male bulb. Bulbus \rOMiTo'Rius. A plant, said by Dios- corides to be emetic and diuretic It is the Musk-grape flower, according to Ray,—the Hya- cinthus Muscari. BULESIS, Voluntas. BULGA, Vulva. BULIMIA, Boulimia. BU'LITHOS, from fiovg, 'an ox,' and XiSog, ' a stone.' A bezoar or stone, found in the kid- neys, gall-bladder, or urinary bladder of an ox or cow. BULLA, (F.) Bulle. A Bleb. A portion of the cuticle, detached from the skin by the inter- position of a transparent, watery fluid. It forms the 4th order in Willan's and Bateinan's arrange- ment of cutaneous diseases, and includes erysi- pelas, pemphigus, and pompholyx. By some, Bulla has been used synonymously with Pem- phigus. See, also, Hydatid. BULL ACE PLUM. Prunus invitia. BULLvE ROTUNDA CERVICIS UTERI, Nabothi glandulae. BULL-FISTS, Lycoperdon. BUMELLIA, Fraxinus excelsior. BUXA, Coffea Arabica. BUNDURH, Corylus avellana. BUXIAS, Brassica napus. BU'NIOID, Bunio'i'des, Na'piform; from @ov- vtov, 'a turnip,' and uiog, 'resemblance.' An epithet for a form of cancer, bearing some resem- blance to a turnip. BUNION. Bunyon. BUNI'TES VINUM. A wine, made by in- fusing the Bunium in must. It is stomachic, but scarcely ever used. BUNIUM, Carvi, Carum. Bu'nium Bulbocas'tanum, fiovviov, so called, it has been supposed, from growing on hills, from 0ovvog, 'a hill.' Balanocas'tanum, Bu'nium minus, Sium bulbocastanum, Scandex bulbocastanum, Carum bulbocastanum. The sys- tematic name of a plant, whose root is called Pig-nut, Agriocas'tanum, Na'cula terres'tris, Bul- bocas'tanum majus et minus, Earth-nut, Hawk- nut, Kipper-nut, (F.) Terre-noix. The root is tuberous, and is eaten raw or roasted. It has been supposed to be of use in strangury. It is not employed in medicine. BUNNIAN, Bunyon. BUN'YON, Bullion, Bun'nian, from fiovvog, 'an eminence.'(?) An enlargement and in- flammation of the bursa mucosa at the inside of the ball of the great toe. BUOPHTHALMIA, Buphthalmia. BUPEINA, Boulimia, EUPHTHALMI HERBA, Anthemis tinctoria. BUPHTHAL'MIA, Buophthalmia, Buphthal- #tos, Elephantom'ma, from (Sovg, 'an ox,' and o$- SaXiiog, 'an eye.' Ox-eye. Under this name, the generality of authors have designated the first stage of hydrophthalmia. Others, with Sa- batier, mean, by it, turgescence of the vitreous humour, which, by pushing the iris forwards, forms around the crystalline a sort of border BUPIITHALMUM CRETICUM, Anthemis Pyrethrum—b. Majus, Chrysanthemum leucan- themum. BUPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia, Semper- vivum tectorum. BUPINA, Boulimia, BUPLEUROIDES, Bupleurum rotundifolium. BUPLEU'RUM ROTUNDIFO'LIUM, Bu- pleilran, Bupleuroi'des, from j3ov, augmentative, and irXtvpov, 'side,' (F.) Buplevre, Percefeuille, Round-leaved Hare's Ear, Thorowxvax. The herb and seeds are slightly aromatic. It was formerly celebrated for curing ruptures, being made into a cataplasm with wine and oatmeaL BUPLEVRE, Bupleurum rotundifolium. BUR AC. Borax. Also, any kind of salt. (Arabic.) BURDOCK, Arctium lappa — b. Lesser, Xan- thium—b. Prairie, Silphium terebinthaceum. BURIAL ALIVE, Zoothapsis. B U RIS, Hernia, accompanied by scirrhous tumefaction; or, perhaps, a scirrhous tumour only.—Avicenna. BURN. Sax. berman or byrnan, 'to burn or bren.' Us'tio, Ambus'tio, Adus'tio, Tresis Gausis, Erythe'ma Ambus'tio, Causis, Encau'sis, Pyri- caus'tum, Combustu'ra, Catacau'ma, Combus'tio, (F.) Brulure. An injury produced by the action of too great heat on the body. Burns are of greater or less extent, from the simple irritation of the integument to the complete destruction of the part. The consequences are more or less severe, according to the extent of injury, and the part affected. Burns of the abdomen, when ap- parently doing well, are sometimes followed by fatal results. Their treatment varies,—at times, the antiphlogistic being required; at others, one more stimulating. BURNEA, see Pinus Sylvestris. BURNET, CANADA, Sanguisorba Cana- densis. BURNETT'S DISINFECTING LIQUID. A solution of chloride of zinc, first used by Sir AVilliam Burnett for preserving timber, canvass, Ac, from dry rot, mildew, Ac, and afterwards as an antibromic and antiseptic, especially in the case of dead bodies. BURNING, Brenning. A disease mentioned by old historians, from which authors have un- successfully endeavoured to demonstrate the an- tiquitv of svphilis.—Parr. BURNING OF THE FF^ET, see Feet, burn- ing of the. BURNT HOLESv A variety of mpia, popu- larly known in Ireland under this name: and not unfrequent there amongst the ill-fed children of the poor. BUR-REED, GREAT, Spariranium ramosum. BURRIII SPIR'ITUS MATRICA'LIS. The Spirit of Burrhus for diseases of the Womb. It is prepared by digesting, in alcohol, equal parts of myrrh, olibanum, and mastic Boerhaave fre- quently prescribed it. BURSA CORDIS, Pericardium —b. Pastoris, Thlaspi bursa—b. Testium, Scrotum—b. Virilis, Scrotum. BURSiE MUCO'SjE, Bursm muco'sm vesicu- lates, Bursm seu Cap'su/m synovia'les, Blenno- cys'tides, Sacci muco'si, Vesi'cm unguino'sm ten'- dinum, Vagi'nm Synovia'les, Synovial Crypts or Follicles, (F.) Bourses Synoviales. Small mem- branous sacs, situate about the joints, particularly about the large ones of the upper and lower ex- tremities, and, for the most part, lying under the tendons. They are naturally filled with an oily kind of fluid, the use of which is to lubricate but- BURSAL 153 BYTHOS faces over which the tendons play. In conse- quence of bruises or sprains, this fluid sometimes collects to a great extent. The bursae are, gene- rally, either of a roundish or oval form, and they have been arranged under two classes, the sphe- rical and the vaginal. Bursjs Synoviales, Bursae mucosas. BURSAL, Bursa'lis. Relating or appertain- ing to bursae,—as a ' bursal tumour,^ BURSALIS, Obturator internusJ^P ,* BURSERA ACUMINATA, B. gummifera. Burse'ra Gummif'era, B. acumina'ta, Tere- binth'us gummifera, Jamaica Bark Tree. A resin exudes from this tree, which, as met with in the shops, is solid externally; softish internally; of a vitreous fracture; transparent; of a pale yellow colour; turpentine smell, and sweet, perfumed taste. It has been used like balsams and tur- pentines in general, and is called, by the French, Cachibou, Chibou, and Resine de Gomart. BURST, Hernia, Hernial. BURSTEN, see Hernial. BURSULA, Scrotum. BURTHISTLE, Xanthium. BURWEED, Xanthium. BURWORT, Ranunculus acris. BUSSANG, MINERAL AVATERS OF. Bus- sang is a village in the department of \rosges, France. The waters are acidulous chalybeates. BUSSEROLLE, Arbutus uva ursi. BUS'SII SPIR'ITUS BEZOAR'TICUS, Be- eoar'dic Spirit of Bussius. A preparation, re- garded as sudorific, diuretic, and antispasmodic; obtained by distilling subcarbonate and muriate of ammonia, amber, oil of cedar or juniper, Ac. BUTE, ISLAND OF, CLIMATE OF. This island is in the Frith of Clyde, about 18 miles below Greenock. The climate is mild and equa- ble, but rather moist; and, as a winter residence, it holds out advantages for those only that ap- pear to demand such a condition of the atmo- sphere. The climate resembles, in character, that of the S. W. of England and France, and the Channel islands; although its temperature is lower. BU'TEA FRONDO'SA, Erythri'na monosper'- ma, Rudolph'ia frondo'sa, see Kino. A tree, common in Bengal, and in the mountainous parts of India; Nat. Ord. Leguminosae; from which gum butea flows. Dr. Pereira found this gum to be identical with a specimen marked gummi ru- brum astringene—the gomme astringente de Gam- bie of M. Guibourt. By some, this gum has been confounded with kino. BUTIGA, Gutta rosea. BUTOMON, Iris pseudacorus. BUTTER, from jiovrvpov; itself from (Hovg, 'ox,' and rvpog, 'any thing coagulated.' Ruty'rum, Pice'rion, (F.) Reurre. A sort of concrete oil, obtained from the cream that forms on the sur- face of the milk furnished by the females of the mammalia; especially by the cow and the goat. Fresh butter is very nutritious, whilst the rancid is irritating. The ancient chemists gave the name Putter to many of the metallic chlorides. It has also been applied to vegetable substances, which resemble, in some respects, the butter ob- tained from milk. Butter of Bambouc or Bambuc, (F.) Beurre de Bambouc ou Bambuk. A vegetable oil ob- tained from a species of almond, and used in Senegal in neuralgic and rheumatismal pains. Butter of Ca'cao, Oil of Ca'cao, Oleum Ca- cao spissa'tum, 0. Theobro'mm Cacao expres'sum, (F.) Beurre de Cocao, Huile de Cacao. A fat substance, of a sweet and agreeable taste, ob- tained from the Theobroma cacao, or chocolate nut. Butter of Cocoa, (F.) Buerre de Coco. A fatty, concrete substance, which separates from the milk of the cocoa nut. It is sweet and agreeable. BUTTERBUR, Tussilago petasites. BUTTERCUPS, Ranunculus acris. BUTTERFLY-WEED, Asclepias tuberosa. BUTTERMILK, (F.) Babeurre, Lait de Beurre. The thin, sour milk, separated from the cream by churning. It contains caseum and a little butter. It is a refreshing drink when newly made. BUTTERAVORT, Pinguicola vulgaris. BUTTOCK-HUMP, Steatopyga. .BUTTONBUSH, Cephalanthus occidentalis. BUTTONWOOD SHRUB, Cephalanthus occi- dentalis. BUTUA, Pareira brava. BUTYRUM, Butter —b. Amygdalarum dul- cium, Confection (almond)—b. Saturni, Unguen- tum plumbi superacetatis—b. Zinci, Zinci chlo- ridum. BUVEUR, Rectus internus oculi. BUXTON, MINERAL AVATERS OF, Rux- tonien'ses Aqua. Buxton is a village in Derby- shire. The springs are thermal, and about 82° Fahrenheit. They contain sulphate of soda, chloride of calcium, chloride of sodium, chloride of magnesium, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid, and azote. They are used in cases in which thermal springs, in general, are recommended. They contain little or no mineral impregnation. BUXUS, Buxus sempervi'reus. The Box-tree, (F.) Buis ou Bouis. The leaves are bitter and aromatic, and, as such, have been used in medi- cine, in cases of worms, dyspepsia, Ac, in the form of decoction. They are sometimes, also, added to beer. The seed was anciently called Carthe'gon. BYNE, Malt. BY'RETHRUM. A sort of cap or Gouvrechef, filled with cephalic substances.—Forestus. B Y R S A, fivpaa. A leather skin to spread plasters upon. BYRSODEP'SICON. A tan stuff, with which C^elius Aurelianus sprinkled wool, which he applied in certain cases to the umbilical region : from (ivpoa, 'leather,' and Stipcu, 'I tan.' BYRSODEPSICUM PRINCIPIUM, Tannin. BYSAU'CHEN, from (Svio, 'I stop up,' and avxvv, ' the neck.' A morbid stiffness of the neck. One with a short neck,—Simotrache'lus. BYSSOS, Vulva. BYSSUS, Byssxim. The ancients gave this name to several vegetable substances, which were used for the fabrication of stuffs prized for their fineness, colour, and rarity of material. It is now chiefly applied to the filaments, by the aid of which the acephalous mollusca attach their shells to the rocks. Byssus was formerly also applied to the female pudendum. BYTHOS, 0v$og, ' depth.' An epithet used by Hippocrates for the fundus of the stomach. CAA-APIA 154 CACHLBX c. C. This letter in the chemical alphabet sig- nifies nitre. It is also sometimes used in pre- scriptions for calx. CAA-AP'IA, Dorste'nia Brazilien'sis seu cor- difo'lia seu placentoVdes seu vitella. The root, according to Piso, is employed as emetic and anti-diarrhosic CAA-ATAY'A. A plant of Brazil, supposed to be a species of gratiola. It is very bitter, and considered to be one of the best indigenous cathartics. CAACICA, Euphorbia capitate. CAA-GHIYU'YO, Frutex bac'cifer Brazilien'- eis. A shrub of Brazil, whose leaves, in powder, are considered detersive. CAAOPIA, Hypericum bacciferum. CAAPEBA, Pareira brava. CAAPONGA, Crithmum maritimum. CAAROBA. A Brazilian tree, whose leaves, in decoction, promote perspiration. See Cera- tonia, CABAL, Cab'ala, Cabal'la, Calbala, Caba'lia, Kab'ala, Gaballa. This word is from the He- brew, and signifies knowledge transmitted by tradition. Paracelsus and several authors of the 16th and 17th centuries have spoken much of this species of magic, which they distinguished into Judaic or theologian, and Hermetic or medi- cinal; the latter being, according to them, the art of knowing the most occult properties of bodies by an immediate communication with spirits,—the knowledge being thus acquired by inspiration, and incapable of inducing error. It was also called Ars cabalis'tica, ' cabalistic art.' CABAL'HAU. A plant of Mexico, according to Dalechamps, which passes for an antidote to white hellebore, and yet is used for poisoning arrows. It is unknown to botanists. CAB'ALIST, Cabalis'ta. One instructed in the Cabal. CABALLATION, Cynoglossum. CABARET, Asarum. CABBAGE, Brassica—c. Cow, Nymphaea odo- rata— c. Irish, Dracontium foetidum — c. Skunk, Dracontium foetidum — c. Swamp, Dracontium foetidum—c Water, Nymphaea odorata—c. Tree, Geoffrasa inermis—c. Bark tree, Geoffraea inermis. CABBAGIUM, Geoffrasa inermis. CABUREIBA, Myroxylon Peruiferum. CABUREICIBA, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. CACjE'MIA, Cacha'mia, from xaxog, ' bad,' and 'aipa, ' blood.' A faulty or morbid condition of the blood. CACESTHE'SIS, Cacaasthe'sis, Cacoasthe'- sis, from Kaicog, 'bad,' and aiodnotg, 'feeling.' Morbid sensation. Morbid general feeling. In- disposition. CACAFERRI. Ferri subcarbonas. CAC'AGOGUE, Cacago'gus, from tax/en, 'ex- crement,' and aytiv, 'to expel.' An ointment, oomposed of alum and honey; which, when ap- plied to the anus, produced an evacuation.— Paulus of iEgina. CACALEXITERTA, Alexiteria. CACA'LIA AXTEUPHOR'BIUM, Anten- phor'bium. A plant, which Dodoens and others considered to be capable of tempering the caustic properties of euphorbium. It is also called Klein'ia. Many varieties of the Cacalia are used, in dif- ferent countries, chiefly as condiments. CA'CAO, Ca'coa, Caca'vi, Quahoil, Cacava'ta. The cocoa or chocolate nut; fruit of Theobro'ma Cacao, Co'coa Cacavif era, Ca'cao minor seu sati'va, Cacao theobro'ma; Family, Malvacete. Sex. Syst. Polydelphia Pentandria. CACATION, Defecation. CACATOTElA, Diarrhoea. CAC'ATORY, Cacato'rius, from cacare, 'to go to stool.' Febris cacato'ria ; a kind of intermit- tent fever, accompanied by copious alvine evacua- tions.—Sylvius. CACAVATA, Cacao. CACAVI, Cacao, Jatropha manihot. CACCE, Excrement. CACCION'DE. A sort of pill, chiefly formed of catechu, recommended by Baglivi in dysentery. CACEPHEBOTE'SIA, from KaKog, ' bad,' and c ' colour.' Diseases in which the com- plexion is morbidly changed in colour. CACOCIIYL'IA, from xaxog, 'bad,' and ;yuAoy, 'chyle.' Depraved chylification. CACOCHYM'IA, Kakochym'ia, Oorrup'tio Humo'rum, from Kaxog, 'bad,' and xvuo$! 'juice,' 'humour.' Cacoch'ymy. Depravation of the humours. Cacochymia Plumbea, Lead poisoning—c Scorbutica, see Purpura— c. Scrophulosa, Scro- fula— e. Venerea, Syphilis. CACOCH'YMUS, Cacochym'icus. One attacked with cacochymia. Belonging to cacochymia. CACOCXE'MUS, Cacocne'micus, Malis suria prmdi'tus; from xaxog, ' bad,' and Kvnpn> ' the leg.' One who has bad legs. CACOCORE'MA, from xaxog, 'bad,' and xoptu, ' I purge, or cleanse.' A medicine which purges off the vitiated humours. CACOD^E'MON, from xaxog, 'bad,' and laipuv, ' a spirit.' An evil spirit, to which were ascribed many disorders. The nightmare. CACO'DES, from xaxog, 'bad,' and ofav, 'to smell,'—male olena. Having a bad smell; Caco'- dia, Cocoa1 mia. CACODIA, see Cacodes. CACOETHES, Cacoeth'icus, from xaxog, 'bad,' and eSog, 'disposition, habit,' Ac. Of a bad or vitiated character, as ulcus cacoe'thes, an ulcer of a malignant character. CACOETHICUS, Cacoethes. CACOGALAC'TIA, Cacoga'lia, from xaxog, 'bad,' and yaXa, gen. yaXaKrog, 'milk.' A bad condition of the milk. CACOGALAC'TICA, same etymon as the last. One who suffers from a bad condition of the milk. CACOGALIA, Cacogalactia. CACOGEX'ESIS, from xaxog, 'bad,' and yeve- aig, 'generation.' A morbid formation. CACOMORPHIA, Deformation. CACOMORPHOSIS, Deformation. CACOPATHI'A, Pas'sio Mala, from xaxog, ' bad,' and iraSog, ' affection.' A distressed state of mind.—Hippocrates. CACOPHO'NIA, from xaxog, 'bad,' and tpotvn, ' voice,' vitia'ta vox. A dissonant condition of voice. CACOPLAS'TIC, Cacoplas'ticus, Dysplasmnl- ic ; from Kaxog, ' bad,' and itXaoaio, ' I form.' Sus- ceptible of only a low degree of organization, as the indurations resulting from low or chronic inflammation, fibro-cartilage, cirrhosis, Ac. CACOPRA'GIA, Cacoprax is. from xaxog, 'bad,' and irparrm, 'I perform.' Depraved con- dition of the organic functions. CACOPRAXIS, Cacopragia. CACORRHACHI'TIS, from xaxog, 'bad,'and payif, 'the spine.' Cacor'rhachis, Cacorhachis, Cacorhachltis, Spondylalgia. Deformity of the spine. Disease of the spine. Spontaneous luxa- tion of the vertebrae and ribs dependent upon internal causes. CACORRHYTH'MUS, Arrhyth'mus, from xa- xog, 'bad,' and pvSpog, 'rhythm,' 'order.' Irre- gular. CACO'SIS. Mala disposil'io, (F.) Vice. A bad condition of body.—Hippocrates. A diseased condition in general. CACOSIT'IA, from xaxog, 'bad,' and ainov, 'aliment.' Disgust or aversion for food — Fas- tid'ium eibo'rum. CACOSMTA, see Cacodes. CACOSOMI'UM, from xaxog, 'bad,' and oiopa, ' the body.' An hospital for leprosy, and incura- ble affections in general. CACOSPERMA'SIA, Cacosperma'tia, Cacos- per'mki, from xaxog, 'bad,' and aircppa, 'sperm.' A bad condition of the sperm. CACOSPHYXTA, from xaxog, 'bad,' and aog, ' floc'culut,' and Xtyui, 'I collect,' or 'pluck.' (F.) Carphologie. Action 17 CARPHOS 174 CARTILAGO of gathering flocculi. A delirious picking of the bed-clothes, as if to seek some substance, or to pull the flocculi from them. It denotes great cerebral irritability and debility, and is an un- favourable sign in fevers, Ac. CARPHOS, Trigonella fcenum. CARPIA, Linteum. CARPUEUS, Palmaris brevis. CAR'PIAL, Car'pian, Carpia'nus, Carpia'lis, (F.) Carpien. Belonging to the Carpus. Car'pial Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments Carpiens, are, 1. The fibrous fasciae, which unite the bones of the carpus; and, 2. The annular ligaments, anterior and posterior. CARPIAN, Carpial. CARPIEN, Carpial. CARPISMUS, Carpus. CARPOBALSAMUM, see Amyris opobal- Bamum. CARPOLOGIA, Carphologia—c. Spasmodica, Subsultus tendinum. CARPO-METACARPEUS MINIMI DIGI- TI, Adductor metacarpi minimi digiti—c. Meta- carpien du petit doigt, Opponens minimi digiti— c. Metacarpien du pouce, Opponens pollicis — c. Phalangeus minimi digiti, Abductor minimi digiti —c. Phalangien du petit doigt, Abductor minimi digiti—c. Phalangien du petit doigt, Flexor par- vus minimi digiti—c. Phalangien du pouce, Flexor brevis pollicis manus—c. Sus-phalangien du pouce, Abductor pollicis brevis. CARPO-PEDAL, from carpus, 'the wrist,' and pes, pedis, 'the foot.' Relating to the wrist and foot. Carpo-pedAL Spasm, Cer'ebral spasmod'ic croup. A spasmodic affection of the chest and larynx in young children, accompanied by gene- ral or partial convulsions. The disease commonly occurs between the third and ninth month, and Is characterized by excessive dyspnoea, accompa- nied by a loud croupy noise on inspiration; the thumbs being locked, and the hands and feet rigidly bent for a longer or shorter period. The seat of the disease is evidently in the cerebro- spinal axis, primarily or secondarily: generally, perhaps, it is owing to erethism seated elsewhere, but communicated to the cerebro-spinal centre, and reflected to the respiratory and other muscles concerned. It seems to be connected with dental irritation, and consequently, in the treatment, where such is the case, the gums should be freely divided; after which, cathartics and revulsives, with the use of narcotics and appropriate diet, will generally remove the affection ; for althougb extremely alarming, it is often not attended with great danger. See Asthma thymicum. CARPOS, Fruit. CARPOT'ICA, from xapvog, 'fruit.' Diseases affecting impregnation. Irregularity, difficulty or danger produced by parturition :—the 3d or- der, class Genetica, of Good. CARPUS, Carpis'mus, Brachia'le, Rasce'ta, Raste'ta, Rascha, Rase'ta, Raselto, the wrist. (F.) Carpe, Poignet. The part between the fore- arm and hand. Eight bones compose it, (in two rows.) In the superior row there are, from with- out to within—the Scapho'ides or navicula're, Luna're or semiluna're, Cuneifor'me, and Orbicu- la're or pisifor'me. In the lower row—Trape'- tium, Trapezo'ides, Magnum, and Uncifor'me. CARRAGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus. CARRE DE LA CUISSE, Quadrates femoris • - c. des Lombes, Qu&dratus lumborum — c. du Menton, Depressor lubii inferioris — c. du Pied, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis. SARREA U, Tabes mesenterica. CARRJSE, see Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perforans, (accessorius.) CARRELET, (F.) Acus triangularis. A straight needle, two or three inches long, the point of which is triangular; and which tho ancients used in different operations. Also, a wooden, triangular frame for fixing a cloth through which different pharmaceutical prepara- tions are passed. CARROT, CANDY, Athamanta cretensis—c. Deadly, Thapsia—c. Plant, Daucus carota. CARTHAMUS MACULATUS, Carduus ma- rianus. Car'thamuS TlNCTO'RIUS, Am'yron, Cnicus, Crocus German'icus, Crocus Saracen'icus, Car'- thamum officina'rum, Car'duus sati'vus, Safra'- num, Saffron-flower, Safflower, Bastard Saffron, Dyer's Saffron, (F.) Carthame, Safran bdtard, Carthame des Teinturiers. Family, Cynaroce- phaleae. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia aequa- lis. The seeds are aromatic, cathartic, and diu- retic; yet to the parroquet they are an article of food; hence their name, Graines de Parroquet. The flowers, Car'thamus, (Ph. U. S.) are employed as a cosmetic, and are a reputed diaphoretic [?] CARTHEGON, see Buxus. CAR'TILAGE, Chondros, Car'tilago, (F.) Car- tilage. A solid part of the animal body, of a medium consistence between bone and ligament, which in the foetus is a substitute for bone, but in the adult exists only in the joints, at the extremities of the ribs, Ac. Cartilages are of a whitish colour, flexible, compressible, and very elastic, and some of them apparently inorganic They are composed, according to J. Davy, of .44 albumen, .55 water, and .01 phosphate of lime. CARTILAGE ANONYME, Cricoid, (carti- lage)—c. Epiglottic, Epiglottis—c. Mucroni, Xi- phoid Cartilage—c. Supra-arytenoid, Corniculum laryngis—c. Tarsal, see Tarsus. Cartilages, Articular, Obdu'cent Oar'tilages, invest bony surfaces, which are in contact; hence they are called investing or incrusting cartilages, (F.) Cartilages de revetement ou d'encroutement. Cartilages, Interarticular, are such as are situate within the joints, as in the knee joint. Cartilages of Ossifica'tion are such as, in the progress of ossification, have to form an in- tegrant part of bones ; as those of the long bones in the new-born infant. They are termed tem- porary; the others being permanent. All the cartilages, with the exception of the articular, are surrounded by a membrane analogous to the periosteum, called Perichon'drium. Cartilages of the Ribs are, in some respects, only prolongations of the ribs. Those of the nose, of the meatus auditorius, and Eustachian tube, present a similar arrangement. Other cartilages resemble a union of fibrous and cartilaginous tex- tures ; hence their name Fibro-cartilages. Cartilages, Semilunar, see Semilunar — c Sigmoid, Semilunar cartilages. CARTILAGINES GUTTURALES, Aryte- noid cartilages—c. Semilunares, Semilunar carti- lages—c. Sigmoideas, Semilunar cartilages. CARTILAGINIS ARYTENOID^EiE Capitulum, Cor- niculum laryngis. CARTILAG"INOUS, Cartilagin'eus, Cartila- gino'sus, Chondro'des, Chondro'i'des, (F.) Carti- lagineux. Belonging to, or resembling cartilage. Cartilaginous, Tissue, see Tissue. CARTILAGO, Cartilage —c. Clypealis, Thy- roid cartilage — c. Ensiformis, Xiphoid cartilage — c. Guttalis, Arytenoid cartilage — c. Innomi- nata, Cricoid—c. Mucronata, Xiphoid cartilage— c. Peltalis, Thyroid cartilage, Xiphoid cartilage — c. Scutiformis, Thyroid cartilage — c. Uvifer, Uvula—c. Xiphoides, Xiphoid cartilage. CARUM 175 CASSIA CARUM, from Caria, a province of Asia. A'pxxim carvi, Bu'nium carvi, Ligus'ticum carvi, Ses'eli carvi seu carum, Sium carvi, Ga'reum, Carum car'vi, Carvi, Cumi'num praten'se, Carus, Car'uon, the Car'away, (F.) Carvi, Cumin des prcs. Family, Umbelliferas. Sex. Syst. Pentan- dria Digynia. The seeds, Carnaba'dia, Car'oua, are carminative. Dose, gr. x to ^ij, swallowed whole or bruised. The oil, Oleum Gar'xii, (F.) Huile de carvi, has the properties of the seeds. Dose, gtt. ij to vj. Carum Bulbocastanum, Bunium bulbocasta- num. CAR'UNCLE, Carun'cula, diminutive of caro, ' flesh.' A small portion of flesh, Sar'cium, Sar- cid'ium. A fleshy excrescence,—Ecphy'ma car- un'cula, (F.) Caroncule. Caruncle, Carnositas. Caruncles in the Urethra, Carnosities. Carun'cula Lachryma'lis, (F.) Caroncule lacrymale. A small, reddish, follicular body, situate at the inner angle of the eye. It secretes a gummy substance. CARUNCUL.E CUTICULARES, Nymphas. CaruncuLjE Mamilla'res. The extremities *>f the lactiferous tubes in the nipples. The olfactory nerves have been so called by some. Carunculjs Myrtifor'mes, 0. Vagina'les, Glan'dula myrtifor'mes, (F.) Caroncules myrti- formes. Small, reddish tubercles, more or less firm, of variable form, and uncertain number, situate near the orifice of the vagina, and formed by the mucous membrane. They are regarded as the remains of the hymen. CarunculjE Papillares, Papillae of the kid- ney. CARUN'CULOUS, Carun'cular. Relating to caruncles or carnosities. CARUON, Carum. CARUS, xapog, Sopor caro'ticus, Profound sleep. The last degree of coma, with complete insensi- bility, which no stimulus can remove, even for a few instants. Sopor, Coma, Lethargia, and Ca- rus, are four degrees of the same condition. Carus Apoplexia, Apoplexy — c. Asphyxia, Asphyxia.—c. Catalepsia, Catalepsy—c. Ecstasis, Ecstasis—c. Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus in- ternus—c. ab Insolatione, Coup de soleil—c Le- thargus, Lethargy—c. Lethargus cataphora, Som- nolency — c. Lethargus vigil, Coma vigil — c. Paralysis, Paralysis — c. Paralysis paraplegia, Paraplegia—c Veternus, Lethargy. CARVI, Carum. CARYA, Juglans regia — c. Basilica, Juglans Mgia. CARYEDON CATAGMA, see Fracture. CARYOCOST'INUS, Caryocoetinum. An elec- tuary prepared of the costus and other aromatic substances, Ac. It was cathartic. See Confectio scammoniae. CARYON PONTICON, Corylus avellana (nut.) CARYOPHYLLA, Geum urbanum. CARYOPHYLLATA AQUATICA, Geum ri- vale—c. Nutans, Geum rivale—c. Urbana, Geum urbanum—c. Vulgaris, Geum urbanum. CARYOPHYLLUM RUBRUM, Dianthus ca- ryophyllus. CARYOPHYLLUS AMERICANUS, see Myr- tus pimento—c. Aromaticus, Eugenia caryophyl- lata — c. Hortensis, Dianthus caryophyllus — c. Pimento, Myrtus Pimento—c. Vulgaris, Geum urbanum. CARYO'TI. The best kind of dates.—Galen. CAS RARES (F.), Rare cases. This term is used, by the French, for pathological facts, which Vary from what is usual. See a celebrated article under this head in the Dictionnaire dee Science* Medicates, Vol. IV. CASAMUM, Cyclamen. CASAMUNAR, Cassumuniar. CAS'CARA, CASCARIL'LA. Spanish words, which signify bark and little bark, under which appellations the bark (Cinchona) is known in Peru. They are now applied to the bark of Cro- ton cascarilla. The bark-gatherers are called Cascarilleros. CASCARILLA, Croton cascarilla. CASCARILLEROS, see Cascara. CASCHEU, Catechu. CASE, Capsa, Theca, (F.) Caisse. This nama is given to boxes for the preservation of instru- ments, or of medicines necessary in hospital or other service. We say, e. g. — A case of ampu- tating, or of trepanning instruments. Case, Casus, from cadere, casum, 'to fall.' The condition of a patient; — as a case of fever, Ac. (F.) Observation. Also, the history of a disease. CASEARIUS, Cheesy. CA'SEIN, Caseine, Ca'seum, Galactine, Ca- seous matter ; from casexis, ' cheese.' The only nitrogenized constituent of milk. It is identical in composition with the chief constituents of blood,—fibrin and albumen, all being compounds of protein. A similar principle exists in the vege- table, Vegetable Casein or Legu'min, Veg"etable Gluten. It is chiefly found in leguminous seeds —peas, beans, lentils. Like vegetable albumen, Casein is soluble in water; and the solution is not coagulable by heat. Casein, Blood, Globulin. CASEOSUS, Cheesy. CASEOUS MATTER, Casein. CASEUM, Casein. CASEUS, Cheese—c. Equinus, Hippace. CASEUX, Cheesy. CASHEW, Anacardium occidentale. CASHOO. An aromatic drug of Ilindoosten, said to possess ptectoral virtues. CASHOW, Catechu. CASIA, Laurus cassia. CASMINA, Cassumuniar. CASMONAR, Cassumuniar. CASSA, Thorax. CASSADA ROOT, Jatropha manihot. CASSAVA ROOT, Jatropha manihot. CASSE AROMATIQUE, Laurus cassia—c. en Bdtone, Cassia fistula—c. en Boia, Laurus cas- sia— c. dea Boutiquea, Cassia fistula — c. SenS, Cassia senna. CASSE-LUNETTES, Cyanus segetum, Eu- phrasia officinalis. CASSEENA, Ilex vomitoria. CASSENOLES, see Quercus infectoria. CASSIA, Laurus cassia—c. Absus, Absus—e. Acutifolia, C senna — c. ^Egyptian, C. senna— c Alexandrina, C. fistula — c. Bonplandiana, C. fistula. CASSIA Cham^ECRIS'ta, Prairie senna, Par- tridge Pea, Wild Senna. An indigenous plant, Fam. Leguminosas, which flowers in August. It resembles Cassia Marilandica in properties. Cassia Cinnamomea, Laurus cassia — c. Ca- ryophyllato, Myrtus caryophyllata — c. Canella, Laurus cassia — c. Egyptian, Cassia senna — c. Excelsa, C. fistula. Cas'sia Fis'tula, Cos'sia nigra, Cassia fistu- la'ris, C. Alexandri'na seu excelsa seu Bonplan- dia'na, Conna, Canna soluti'va, Canna fistula, Cathartocar'pns, Bactyrilo'bium fis'tula, Purging Cassia, (F.) Casse Caneficier, Casse en Batons, Casse des Boutiques. The pulp of Cassia Pis' tula or Cathartocar'pus Fistula; Fam. Legumi- nosas; Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia, Pulp* Cae'sim, Co">ia Aramen'tumt, Oostim Fistufa CASSLE ARAMENTUM 17i Pnlpa, (Ph. U. S.), which is obtained in long [oils, is black, bright, and shining; sweet, slightly acid, and inodorous. It is laxative in the dose of 3iv to gj. Cassia Lanceolata, C. senna — c. Lignea, Laurus cassia — c. Lignea Malabarica, Laurus cassia. Cassia Marilan'dicA, Senna America'no, American Senna, Wild Senna, Locust plant, (F,) Sene d'AmSrique. The leaves of this plant are similar, in virtue, to those of cassia senna. They are, however, much inferior in strength. Cassia Nigra, C. fistula—c Officinalis, C senna—c Orientalis, C. senna—c. Purging, Cas- sia fistula. Cassia Senna, C. lanceola'ta seu acutifo'lia seu orienta'lis seu officina'lis. The name of the plant which affords senna. It is yielded, how- ever, by several species of the genus cassia. The leaves of senna, Sennm Folia, Senna Alexandri'- na, Senna Italica, Sena, Senna or ^Egyptian Cassia, (F.) Sene, Casse Sene, have a faint smell, and bitterish taste. The active part, by some called Cathartin, is extracted by alcohol and water. Their activity is injured by boiling water. They are a hydragogue cathartic, and apt to gripe. Dose of the powder, Qj to gj. Infusion is the best form. The varieties of senna, in commerce, are Tin- nivelly Senna, Bombay or Common India Senna, Alexandrian Senna, Tripoli Senna, and Aleppo Senna. CASSLE ARAMENTUM, see Cassia fistula^- e. Fistulas pulpa, see Cassia fistula — c. Flores, see Laurus cinnamomum. CASSIALA, Hyssopus. CASSIDA GALERICULATA, Scutellaria ga- lericulata. CASSIDE BLEUE, Scutellaria galericulata. CASSINA, Ilex vomitoria. ■ CASSINE CAROLINIANA, Ilex paraguensis —c. Evergreen, Ilex vomitoria-^c. Peragua, Ilex paraguensis. CASSIS, Ribes nigrum. CASSITEROS, Tin. CASSUMU'NIAR, Oasamu'nar, Casmonar, Zerumbet, Casmina, Ri'sagon, Ren'gale Indo'rum, Rengal Root, (F.) Racine de Rengale. A root, obtained from the East Indies, in irregular slices of various forms; some cut transversely, others longitudinally. It is an aromatic bitter, and is consequently tonic and stimulant. It was once considered a panacea, and has been referred to Zingiber Cassumuniar, Z. Glifford'ia seu purpu- reum, Amo'mum monta'num, and to Zingiber Ze- rumbet, Z. spurium, Amo'mum Zerumbet seu syl- CASSUVIUM POMIFERUM, Anacardium occidentale. CAS'SYTA FILIFORM'IS. A South African plant, Nat. Ord. Laurineae, which is employed by the Cape colonists as a wash in scald head, and as an antiparasitic. CAST, Caste. CASTALIA SPECIOSA, Nymphaea alba. CASTANEA, Fagus castanea, see also Fagus castanea pumila—c Equina, iEsculus Hippocas- tanum—c. Pumila, Fagus castanea pumila. CASTE, Cast, from (P.) Casta, 'race or lineage.' A name given, by the Portuguese in India, to classes of society, divided according to occupa- tions, which have remained distinct from the earliest times. Hence a separate and fixed order or class. See Half-caste. CASTELLAMARE DI STABIA, WATERS OF. Castellamare di Stabia. is a town in Naples, in the Principato Citra, 15 miles S. S. E. of Na- 6 CATABLEMA pies. There are two springs, the one sulphu- reous, the other chalybeate. CASTELLETTO ADONO, WATERS OF. These waters, situate near Acqui, in Italy, are sulphureous. CASTERA-VIVENT, WATERS OF. Cas- tera-ATivent is a small village in the department of Gers, near which is a cold acidulous chaly- beate, and another which is sulphureous and thermal. Temp. 84° Fahrenheit. CASTIGANS, Corrigent. CASTIGLIO'NIA LOBA'TA, Piftoncillo tree. A tree, which is cultivated in some parts of Pern, and grows wild in abundance. Its beautiful fruit, when roasted, has an agreeable flavour. AVhen an incision is made into the stem, a clear bright liquid flows out, which, after some time, becomes black and horny-like. It is a very powerful caustic. CASTJOE, Catechu. CASTLE-LEOD, WATERS .OF. A sulphu- reous spring in Ross-shire, Scotland, celebrated for the cure of cutaneous and other diseases. CASTOR BAY, Magnolia glauca. Castor Fiber, Fiber, Canis Pon'ticus, the Bearer. (F.) Castor. It furnishes the Castor. Rondelet recommends slippers made of its skin in gout. Its blood, urine, bile, and fat, were for- merly used in medicine. Castor Oil Plant, Ricinus communis. CASTO'REUM, Casto'rium, Castor, Castoreum Ros'sicum et Canaden'se, from Kaarwp, ' the bea- ver,' quasi yaaroip, from yaornp, ' the belly,' be- cause of the size of its belly. (?) A peculiar matter found in bags, near the rectum of the beaver, Castor fiber. Its odour is strong, unplea- sant, and peculiar; taste bitter, subacrid; and colour orange brown. It is antispasmodic, and often employed. Dose, gr. x to Qj. CASTORINA, from Castoreum, ' castor.' Me- dicines containing castor. CASTRANGULA, Scrophularia aquatica. CASTRAT, Castrates. CASTRA'TION, Castra'tio, Ec'tome, Ectom'ia, Evira'tio, Excastra'tio, Etesticula'tio, Extirpa'tio testiculo'rum, Detesta'tio, Exsec'tio virilium, Eu- nuchis'mus, Orchotom'ia, Orcheolomy, Orchidol- omy, (F.) Chdtrure. Tbe operation of removing the testicles. Sometimes the term is employed for the operation when performed on one testicle; hence the division into complete and incomplete castration. Castration renders the individual in- capable of reproduction. CASTRA TO, Castrates. CASTRA'TUS, (I.) Castro'to, Ectom'ius, Emascula'tus, Evira'tus, Exsec'tus, Desec'tns, Fx- testicula'tus, Ex maribus, Intestab'ilis, Intesta'tus, Spado, Apoc'opus, Pago'as, from castrare, ' to castrate.' (F.) Castrat, Chdtre. One deprived of testicles. This privation has a great influ- ence on the development of puberty. It is adopted to procure a clearer and sharper voice; and in the East, the guardians of the Harem, for the sake of security, are converted into Castra'ti or Eu'nuchs, cvvovxot. Eunuchs have generally both testes and penis removed. CASUS, Prolapsus, Symptom — c. Palpebrae superioris, Blepharoptosis—c Uvulae, Staphylce- dema. CAT TAIL, Typha latifolia. CATA, Kara, ' downwards,' ' after,' applied to time: at times, it gives additional force to the radical word. A common prefix, as in — CATAB'ASIS, from KaraPatvu, 'I descend.' An expulsion of humours downwards. Also, a descent, Descensus, Descen'sio, — as of the tes- ticles, Descen'aus testiculo'rum. CATABLE'MA, KarafiXniia, (Kara and PaXXttvi) CATABYTHISMOMANIA 17 • any thing let fall, as a curtain,' Epible'ma, Pe- rible'ma. The outermost bandage which secures the rest. CATABYTHISMOMA'NIA, from Karafa- Biapog, 'submersion,' and pavia, 'mania.' Insa- nity, with a propensity to suicide by drowning. CATACASMUS, Cupping, Scarification. CATACAUMA, Burn. CATACAUSIS, Combustion, human—c. Ebri- osa, Combustion, human. CATACERAS'TICUS, from Karaxtpavvvpt, 'I temper,' 'I correct.' The same as Epicerasticus. A medicine capable of blunting the acrimony of humours. CATACIIASMOS, Scarification. CATACHRISIS, Inunction. CATACHRISTON, Liniment. CATACH'YSIS, Effu'sio, Perfu'sio, from xara- \tti>, ' I pour upon.' Affusion with cold water.— Hippocrates. Decantation. CATACLASIS, from xaraxXa^, 'I break to pieces.' Cam'pylum, Campylo'tis. Distortion, or spasmodic fixation of the eyes; spasmodic occlu- sion of the eyelids; also, fracture of a bone.— Hippocrates, Arogel. CATACLEIS'; from xara, 'beneath,' and xXtig, 'the clavicle;' 'a lock or fastening,' xaraxXtta, (xara and xXcio)), I lock up. This term has been applied to many parts, as to the first rib, the acromion, the joining of the sternum with the ribs, Ac OATACLEI'SIS, same etymon. A locking up. The act of locking up. Morbid union of the eye- lids. CATACLYS'MUS, Cataclys'ma, Cata'clysis, from xaraxXv^eiv, 'to submerge, inundate.' A Clyster. Hippocr. Others mean, by the term, a shower-bath, or copious affusion of water; Cata- one'sis. Ablution, Douche. CAT.EONESIS, Catantlema, Cataclysmus. CATAGAUNA, Cambogia. CATAGMA, Fracture—c. Fissura, Fissure, see Contrafissura—c. Fractura, Fracture. CATAGMAT'ICS, Catagmat'icaremed'ia, from Karaypa, 'fracture.' Remedies supposed to be capable of occasioning the formation of callus. CATAGOGLOS'SUM, from xarayuv, 'to draw down,' and yXoicaa, 'the tongue.' An instrument for pressing down the tongue, See Glossoca- tochus. CATAGRAPHOLOGIA, Pharmacocatagra- phologia. CATALEN'TIA. Epilepsy, or some disease resembling it.—Paracelsus. CATALEPSIA SPURIA, Ecstasis. CATALEPSY, Catalep'sia, Catalep'sis, Cal- oche, Caloehus, Calocha Gale'ni, Morbus atton'- itus Celsi, Hyste'ria catalep'tica, Congela'tio, De- ten'tio,Encatalep'sis, Aphonia—(Hipper.,) Anau'- dia—(Antigenes,) Apprehen'sio, Contempla'tio, Stupor vig"ilans, Prehen'sio, Cams Catalep'sia, Oppres'sio, Compreheilsio—(Cael. Aurelian,) Com- pren'sio,Apoplex'iaCatalep'sia,fromxaraXapl}avu>, 'I seize hold of.' Trance (?) (F.) Catalepsie. A disease in which there is sudden suspension of the action of the senses and of volition; the limbs and trunk preserving the different posi- tions given to them. It is a rare affection, but is seen, at times, as a form of hysteria. Some of the Greek writers have used the word in its true acceptation of a seizure, surprise, Ac. CATALEPTIC, Catalep'ticus, same etymon. Relating to catalepsy. Affected with catalepsy. Catalep'tic Method, Meth'odus Catalep'tica. The administration of external agents when in- ternal agents are inapplicable. CATALOT'IC, Catalot'icus, from xaraXoaio, 'to 12 7 CATAPLASM break or grind down.' A remedy which removes unseemly cicatrices. CATAL'PA, C. Arbo'rea, Rigno'nia Catal'pa, Catalpa Cordifo'lia, C. Arbores'cens seu Bigno- nioi'des seu Syringmfolia, Cataw'ba tree, Indian Bean. A decoction of the pods of the Catalpa, an American tree, of the Nat. Fam. Bignoniaceae, Didynamia Angiospermia, has been recommended in chronic nervous asthma. Catalpa Arborea, Catalpa—e. Bignonioides, Catalpa—c. Cordifolia, Catalpa.—o. Syringasfolia, Catalpa. CATAL'YSIS, Paralysis, from xara, and Xvio, 'I dissolve or decompose.' The action of pre- sence in producing decomposition; as when a body which possesses what has been termed cata- lytic force resolves other bodies into new com- pounds by mere contact or presence, without itself experiencing any modification. CATALYTIC FORCE, see Catalysis. CATAMENIA, Menses—c Alba, Leucorrhoea. CATAME'NIAL, Catamenia'lis, Men'strual, Men'struus, Men'struous, (F.) Mcnstruel, from Kara, and pnv, ' a mouth.' Appertaining or relat- ing to the catamenia. CATAMENIORUM FLUXUS IMMODICUS, Menorrhagia. CATANANCE, Cichorium intybus. CATANGELOS, Ruscus. CATANTLE'MA, Oatantle'sis, from Kara, 'upon,' and avrXau), 'I pour.' Cateone'sis and Oatmone'sis. Ablution with warm water. A fo- mentation.—Moschion, Marcellus Empiricus. CATAPAS'MA, from xarairaaaoi, 'I sprinkle.' Catapas'tum, Consper'sio, Epipas'ton, Pasma, Sympas'ma, Empas'ma, Diajias'ma, Xer'ion, Aa- per'sio, Epispas'tum, Pulvis asperso'rius. A com- pound medicine, in the form of powder, employed by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers, absorb per- spiration, Ac.—Paulus of iEgina. CATAPH'ORA, 'a fall,' from Karaiptpw, 'I throw down.' A state resembling sleep, with privation of feeling and voice. Somnolency. According to others, Cataphora is simply a pro- found sleep, which it is difficult to rouse from— in this sense being synonymous with Sopor. Cataphora Coma, see Apoplexy — c. Hydro- cephalica, see Apoplexy — c Cymini, Theriaca Londinensis—c Magnetica, Somnambulism, mag- netic. CATAPHRACTA, Cataphrac'tea^ a Cuirass, from Karaippacoo), ' I fortify.' A nanie given by Galen to a bandage applied round the thorax and shoulders. It was also called Quadri'ga. CATAPIESIS, Depression. CATAPINOSIS, Absorption. CATAP'LASIS, from xarairXaaou), 'to besmear.' The act of besmearing or overlaying with plaster, CAT'APLASM, Cataplas'ma, Epiplas'mo. Bceos, Poultice, Pultice, from KarairXaootiv, (xara and irXaoaeiv, 'to form or mould,') 'to besmear.' (F.) Cataplasme. A modicine applied exter- nally, under the form o$ a thick pap. Cata- plasms are formed of various ingredients, and for different objects. They may be anodyne, emol- lient, tonic, antiseptic, irritating, Ac. A simple poultice acts only by virtue of its warmth and moisture. Mealy, fatty substances, leaves of plants, certain fruits, crumb of bread, Ac, arc the most common bases. The chief poultices which have been officinal are the following:— Anodyne—c. Cicutee, c. Digitalis. Antiseptic— c Carbonis, c Dauci, c. Fermenti, c. Acetosas, c. Cumini. Emollient — c. Lini, C. Panis, c. Mali maturi. Irritating—c. Sinapis, c. Sodii chloridi, c. Quercfls Marini. Tonic and Astringent — c. Alum, c. Goulard, c. of Roses. The Parisian Codex has some other .ffi;inal CATAPLASMA BYNES 178 CATARACT Cataplasms. 1. Cataplas'ma anod'ynum, made of poppy and hyoscyamus. 2. Cataplas'ma emolliens, made of meal and pulps. 3. Cataplas'ma ad tuppuratio'nem promoven'dam, of pulps and ba- silicon. 4. Cataplas'ma rubefa'ciens vel anti- plenrit'icum, formed of pepper and vinegar. The only cataplasms, the preparation of which it is important to describe, are some of the following: Cataplasm, Alum, Coagulum Aluminosum.— c. of Beer grounds, see Cataplasma Fermenti.— c. Carrot, Cataplasma Dauci.—c. Charcoal, Cata- plasma carbonis ligni. CATAPLASMA BYNES, see C Fermenti. Cataplas'ma Carbo'nis Ligni, Charcoal Cat- aplasm or poultice. Made by adding powdered charcoal to a common cataplasm. Used as an antiseptic to foul ulcers, Ac. Cataplas'ma Dauci, Carrot Cataplasm or poultice. Made by boiling the root of the Carrot until it is soft enough to form a poultice. Used in fetid ulcers. Cataplas'ma F^ecul-s: Cerevisls:, see C. Fermenti. Cataplas'ma Ferment'i, C. efferves'cens, Yeast Cataplasm or Poultice, (F.) Cataplasme de Levure. (Take of meal Ibj, yeast, tbss. Expose to a gentle heat.) It is antiseptic, and a good application to bruises. A Cataplasm of Beer Grounds, Cata- plasma Fm'culm Cerevis'im, C. Bynes, is used in the same cases. Cataplas'ma Sina'pis, C. Sina'peos, Sin'a- pism. Mustard Cataplasm or Poultice, (F.) Cata- plasme de Moutard ou Sinapisme. (Mustard and Linseed meal or meal aa, equal parts. Warm vinegar or xcater, q. s.) A rubefacient and sti- mulant applied to the soles of the feet in coma, low typhus, Ac, as well as to the pained part in rheumatism, Ac. CATAPLEX'IS, Stupor, from Kara, and irXnaaoi, ' I strike.' The act of striking with amazement. Appearance of astonishment as exhibited by the eyes in particular. See Hasmodia. CATAPOSIS, Deglutition. CATAPOTTON, Pilula. CATAPSYX'IS, from xara^vx", 'I refrige- rate'; Peripsyx'is. Considerable coldness of the body, without rigor and horripilatio. — Galen, Peifric'tio. Coldness in the extreme parts of the limbs.—Hippocrates. CATAPTO'SIS, Deciden'tia, afall. This word, at times, expresses the fall of a patient, attacked with epilepsy, or apoplexy; at others, the sudden resolution of a paralytic limb. CATAPULTA VIRILIS, Penis. CATAPUTIA MINOR, Euphorbia lathyris, Ricinus communis. CATARACT, Catarac'ta, Catarrhac'ta, Suffu'- eio Oc'uli, S. Lent.is crystallinm, Phtharma cata- rac'ta, Caligo lentis, Gutta opa'ca, Hypoc'hyma, Hopoe'hysis, Hopoph'ysis, Phacoscoto'ma, Parop'- sis catarac'ta, Glauco'ma Woulhou'si, from xara- paooetv (xara and paaativ), 'to tumble down.' A deprivation of sight, which comes on, as if a veil fell before the eyes. Cataract cotrists in opacity of the crystalline lens or its capsule, which pre- vents the passage of the rays of light, and pre- cludes vision. The causes are obscure. Diag- nosis.— The patient is blind, the pupil seems closed by an opake body, of variable colour, but commonly whitish :—the pupil contracting and dilating. Cataracts have been divided, by some, into spurious and genuine. The former, where the obstacle to vision is between the capsule of the lens and the uvea: the latter, where it is in the lens or capsule. A lenticular cataract is where the affection is seated in the lens ;—a cap- sular or membranous, in the capsule. The cap- sular is divided again, by Beer, into the anterior, posterior, and complete capsular cataract. When the capsule is rendered opake, in consequence of an injury, which cuts or ruptures any part of it, it thickens, becomes leathery, and has been called Catarac'ta arida siliquo'sa. Catarac'ta Morgagnia'na lactea vel purifor'mis, is the milky variety, in which the crystalline is transformed into a liquid similar to milk, (F.) Cataracte lai- teuse ; or, as generally defined, in which there is opacity of the fluid situate between the lens and its capsule. The cap'sulo-lentic'ular affects both lens and capsule, and Beer conceives the liquor Morgagni, in an altered state, may contribute to it. Cataracts are also called hard, soft, (Phaco- mala'cia,) stony, (F. pierreuee,) milky or cheesy, (laiteuse ou caseuse, Galactocatarac'ta, Catarac'ta lactic'olor,) according to their density : — white, pearly, yellow, brown, gray, green, black, (F.) blanche, perUe, jaune, brune, grise, verte, noire, according to their colour :—fixed or vacillatiny, —catarac'ta capsulo-lenticula'ris fixa vel trem'- ula, (F.)fixe ou branlante, according as they are fixed or movable behind the pupil. They are likewise called Catarac'ta marmora'cia, fenes- tro'ta, stella'ta, puncta'ta, dimidia'ta, Ac, ac- cording to the appearances they present. They may also be simple, or complicated with adhesion, amaurosis, specks, Ac.; and primary or primitive, when opake before the operation;— secondary, when the opacity is the result of the operation. The following classification of cataracts is by M. Desmarres: Class I. True Cataracts. Green. Black. Hard. < Stony or chalky. Striated.etiolated, barred, dehis- cent, with three branches, Ac. ■ Disseminated, or dotted. Congenital. Traumatic. Glaucomatous. Morgagnian, or interstitial. Cystic, purulent, fetid. Other varie- ( Shaking, or float- ties, soft,hard, ■ ing. or liquid. (_ Luxated. Anterior. f Pyramidal or ve- Posterior. \ . ??*an*" Arid siliquose. All the varieties of lenticular and capsular cataracts. a. Lenticular Cataracts. Soft. Liquid. 6. Capsular Cataracts. c. Capsulo- ventricular Cataracts. d. Secondary Cataracts. f Lenticular. < Capsular. ( Capsulo-lenticular. Class II. False Cataracts. Fibrinous. Purulent. Sanguineous. Pigmentous. Cataract is commonly a disease of elderly in- dividuals, although, notunfrequently, congen'ital. It forms slowly; objects are at first seen as through a mist; light bodies appear to fly before the eyes, and it is not until after months or years that the sight is wholly lost. No means will ob- viate the evil except an operation, which consists in removing the obstacle to the passage of the CATARACTA light to the retina. Four chief methods are em- ployed for this purpose. 1. Couching or Depres- sion, Hyalonix'is, Hyalonyx'is, (F.) Abaissement, Deplacement de la Cataracte. This consists in passing a cataract needle through the sclerotica and subjacent membranes, a little above the transverse diameter of the eye ; and at about two lines' distance from the circumference of the transparent cornea, until the point arrives in the posterior chamber of the eye. With this the crystalline is depressed to the outer and lower part of the globe of the eye, where it is left. 2. By absorption,—by the French termed broie- ment, or bruising. This is performed in the same manner as the former; except that, instead of turning the crystalline from the axis of the visual rays, it is divided by the cutting edge of the needle, and its fragments are scattered in the humours of the eye, where they are absorbed. 3. By extraction, which consists in opening, with a particular kind of knife, the transparent cornea and the anterior portion of the capsule of the crystalline ; and causing the lens to issue through the aperture. Each of the processes has its ad- vantages and disadvantages, and all are used by surgeons. 4. Some, again, pass a cataract needle through the transparent cornea and pupil to the crystalline, and depress or cause its absorption. This is called Keratonyxsis, which see. Cataract, Black, Amaurosis — c Capsular, see Cataract—c Capsulo-lenticular, see Cataract ■—c. Central, Centradiaphanes — c. Cheesy, see Cataract—c Congenital, see Cataract—c. Com- plicated, see Cataract—c. Fixed, see Cataract— c. Genuine, see Cataract—c Hard, see Cataract — c. Lenticular, see Cataract—c. Membranous, see Cataract—c. Milky, see Cataract—c. Opake, see Cataract—c. Primary, see Cataract—c Primi- tive, see Cataract—c. Secondary, see Cataract— c. Simple, see Cataract—c. Soft, see Cataract— c. Spurious, see Cataract—c. Stony, see Cataract —c. Vacillating, see Cataract. CATARACTA, Cataract—c. Arida siliquosa, see Cataract—c Capsulo-lenticularis, see Cata- ract—c. Centralis, Centradiaphanes—c. Dimidi- ate, see Cataract—c. Fenestrate, see Cataract— c. Glauca, Glaucoma — c. Lacticolor, see Cata- ract—c. Liquida, Hygrocataracta—c. Marmo- racea, see Cataract—c Morgagniana, see Cata- ract— c. Nigra, Amaurosis—c. Punctata, see Cataract—c. Stellate, see Cataract. CATARACTE, ARAISSEMENTDE LA, see Cataract—c. Blanche, see Cataract—c. Branlante, see Cataract—c. Brune, see Cataract—c. CaeSuae, see Cataract—c. Deplacement de la, see Cataract —c. Fixe, see Cataract—c. Griae, see Cataract— c. Joune, see Cataract — c. Laiteuse, see Cataract —c. Noire, Amaurosis, see Cataract—c. Perlei, see Cataract—c. Pierreuse, see Cataract—c. Verte, gee Cataract. _, CATARACTE, (F.) Catarac'tus, Catarac'td vitia'tus. One affected with cataract. The French use this term, both for the eye affected with cata- ract and the patient himself. CATARIA, see Nepeta—c. Vulgaris, Nepeta. CATARRH', Catar'rhus, Catar'rhopus, Catar- rheu'ma, Rheuma, Deflux'io, Catastag'ma, Phleg- matorrhag"ia,Phlegmatorrhce'a,from Kara, 'down- wards,' and ptu>, 'I flow.' A discharge of fluid from a mucous membrane. The ancients consi- dered catarrh as a simple flux, and not as an in- flammation. Generally it partakes of this cha- racter, however. Catarrh is, with us, usually restricted to inflammation of the mucous mem- brane of the air-passages: the French extend it to that of all mucous membranes; (F.) Flux tnuqueux, Fluxion catarrhale. Catarrh, in the English sense, Broncho-catar''- 9 CATARRHUS rhxis. Pulmonary Catarrh, Lung fever, (vul- garly,) Rheuma Pec'toris, Destilla'tio Pec'toris, Catar'rhus Pec'toris, 0. Pulmo'num, C. Pulmo- na'lis, C. Rronchia'lis, Blennop'tysis, Tus'sis ca- tarrha'lis, simplex, Grave'do (of many), Febria Cotarrho'lis, Blennotho'rax, Bronchi'tis, Catar'- rhus d Frlgore, (F.) Catarrhe pulmonaire, Fievre Catarrhale, Rhume de Poitrine, a Cold, is a su- perficial inflammation of the mucous follicles of the trachea and bronchi. It is commonly an af- fection of but little consequence, but apt to re- lapse and become chronic It is characterized by cough, thirst, lassitude, fever, watery eyes, with increased secretion of mucus from the air- passages. The antiphlogistic regimen and time usually remove it.—Sometimes, the inflammation of the bronchial tubes is so great as to prove fatal. Catarrh, Acute, of the Uterus, see Metri- tis— c. Chronic, Bronchitis, (chronic) — c. Dry, see Bronchitis — c Pulmonary, Bronchitis, Ca- tarrh— c. Rose, Fever, hay — c. Suffocating ner- vous, Asthma, Thymicum — c. Summer, Fever, hay. Catarrh', Epidem'ic, Catar'rhus epidem'icus, C. & conta'gio, Rheuma epidem'icum. Catarrh prevailing owing to some particular Constitutio aeris, and affecting a whole country,—Influenza. CATARRHACTA, Cataract. CATAR'RHAL. Oatarrha'lis, Catarrho'icus, Catarrhoit'icus, Catarrhoet'icus. Relating to catarrh,—as Catarrhal Fever. x CATARRHE AIGUE DE L'UTERUS, see Metritis — c. Buccal, Aphthae, — c. Convulsive, Bronchitis—c. Gastrique, Gastritis—c. Guttural, Cynanche tonsillaris — c. Intestinal, Diarrhoea— c. Laryngien, Laryngitis — c. Nasal, Coryza— c. Oculaire, Ophthalmia — c. de lOreille, Otir- rhosa — c. Pharyngien, Cynanche parotidea — c. Pituiteux, Bronchorrhoea — c. Pulmonaire, Ca- tarrh—c. Sec; see Bronchitis—c. Stomacal, Gas- trorrhoea — c. Uterin, Leucorrhoea — c. Ve'sical, Cystorrhoea. CATARRHECTICA, from Karappnyvvpi, 'I break down.' Remedies considered proper for evacuating;—as diuretics, cathartics, Ac. Hip- pocrates. CATARRHEUMA, Catarrh. CATARRHEUX (F.) Catarrho'sus. One sub- ject to catarrh : affected with catarrh. CATARRHEX'IA, Catarrhex'is; same ety- mon as Catarrhectica. The action of Catarrhec- tica. Also, effusion ; evacuation of the bowels. CATARRHEXIS, Catarrhexia, Excrement — c. A"era, Hasmatochezia. CATARRHGIA, Rheumatism. CATARRHOET'ICUS, from Karapptio, 'I flow from.' An epithet for disease produced by a discharge of phlegm ; catarrhal. CATAR'RHOPA PHY'MATA,from Karapponog, Karappoirtig,' sloping downwards.' Tubercles tend- ing downwards, or with their apices downwards. CATARRHOPHE, Absorption. CATARRHOPHESIS, Absorption. CATARRHO'PIA, Catar'rhysis, from xara 'downwards,' and poirn, 'inclination.' An afflux of fluids towards the inferior parts, and espe- cially towards the viscera of the abdomen. The Greek word avappoma expresses an opposite phe- nomenon, or a tendency towards the upper parts. CATARRHOPUS. Catarrh. CATARRHOS'CHESIS, from Karappog, 'ca- tarrh,' and crx^rig, ' suppression.' The suppres- sion of a mucous discharge. CATARRHUS, Defluxion, Tussis—c. ASstivua, fever, hay — c Bellinsulanus, Cynanche paroti- daea— c. Bronchialis, Catarrh—c. Bronchiorum, Bronchitis — c. a Contagio, Influenza—c. Epi- 11 CATARRHYSIS 180 CATINUS FUSORIUS demicus, Influenza, Catarrh, epidemic—c. Geni- talium, Leucorrhoea—c. Gonorrhoea, Gonorrhoea —c. Intestinalis, Diarrhoea—c. Laryngeus, La- ryngo-catarrhus—c. ad Nares, Coryza—c. Nasa- lis, Coryza—c. Pulmonalis, Catarrh—o. Pulmo- num, Bronchitis, Catarrh—c. Senilis, Bronchitis, (chronic)—c Suffocativus Barbadensis, C. trache- alis—c. Trachealis, Laryngo-catarrhus—c. Ure- thras, Gonnorrhoea pura—c. Urethralis, Gonor- rhoea—c. Vesicae, Cystorrhcea. CATARRHYSIS, Catarrhopia, Defluxion. CATARTISIS, Catartismus. CATARTIS'MUS, Catar'tisis, from Karapr^tiv, ' to repair, replace.' The coaptation of a luxated or fractured bone, or hernia. CATASARCA, Anasarca. CATASCEUE, Structure. CATASCHASMUS, Bloodletting, Scarification. CATASTAGMUS, Catarrh, Coryza. CATASTALAGMUS, Coryza, Distillation. CATASTALTICA, Hasmatostatica, Sedatives. CATAS'TASIS, from xaSiarnpi, ' I establish.' The constitution, state, condition, Ac, of any thing. — Hippocrates. Also the reduction of a bone. See Constitution, and Habit of Body. CATAT'ASIS, from xarartivoi, 'I extend'. Ex- tension. The extension and reduction of a frac- tured limb.—Hippocrates. CATATHLIPSIS, Oppression. CATAWBA TREE, Catalpa. CATAXIS, Fracture. CATCH FLY, Apocynum androsaemifolium, Silene Virginica. CATCHUP, Ketchup. CAT'ECHU. The extract of various parts of the Aca'cia Calechu, Mimo'sa Cat'echu, Caal- chu, an oriental tree. The drug is also called Terra Japon'iea, Extrac'tum Catechu, Japan Earth, Cascheu, Cadtchu, Cashow, Caitchu, Cast- joe, Cacau, Gate, Kaath, Cuti, Cutch, Co'ira, Suc- cus Japon'icus, (F.) Cachou. It is a powerful astringent, and is used in diarrhoea, intestinal he- morrhage, Ac. Dose, gr. xv to gss, in powder. Catechu, Square, see Nauclea gambir. CATEIAD'ION, from xara, and ua, 'a blade of grass.' A long instrument thrust into the nostrils to excite hemorrhage in headach.— CATENiE MUSCULUS, Tibialis anticus. CATEONESIS, Catantlema. CATGUT, Galega Virginiana. CATHiE'RESIS, xadatptaig, 'subtraction, di- minution.' Extenuation or exhaustion, owing to forced exercise. — Hippocrates. The action of CATHAERETICUS, Catheretic. CATHARETICUS, Cathartic. CATHARISMOS, Depuration. CATHAR'MA, Purgamenlum. The matter evacuated by a purgative, or by spontaneous purging : also, a cathartic. CATHAR'MUS, Same etymon; a purgation. — Hippocrates. Also, the cure of a disease by magic, Ac. CATHAR'SIS, from Ka&aiptiv, (Kad' and aipuv, 'to take away,') 'to purge.' Purga'tio, Apoca- thar'sis, Copropho'ria, Coprophore'sis. A natu- ral or artificial purgation of any passage;—mouth, anus, vagina, Ac CATHAR'TIC, Cathar'ticus, Cathare'ticus, Cathar'ma, Coprocrit'icum, Coprago'gum, Lustra- men'turn, Purgane medicament''urn, Trichili'um, De- jecto'rium Remed'ium, Eccathar'ticua, Hypacti- cu8, Hopochorelicua, Alvum cvac'uana, Hypelatos, Lapac'ticua, Apocathor'ticua. Same etymon. (F.) Cathartique. A medicine which, when taken in- ternally, increases the number of alvine evacua- tions. Some substances act upon the upper part of the intestinal canal, as calomel and colocynth; others, on the lower part, as aloes ; and some on the whole extent, as saline purgatives. Hence a choice may be necessary. Cathartics are divided into purgatives and laxatives. The following is a list of the chief cathartics : Aloe, Cassia Marilandica, Colocynthis, Elate- rium, Gambogia, Hydrargyri Chloridum mite, Hydrargyri Oxydum nigrum, Hydrarg. cum Magnesia, Jalapa, Juglans, Magnesia. Magnesias Carbonas, Magnesias Sulphas, Manna, Mannita, Oleum Euphorbias Lathyridis, Oleum Ricini, Oleum Tiglii, Podophyllum, Potassae Acetas, Po- tassae Bisulphas, Potassae Sulphas, Potassae Bi- tartras, Potassae Tartras, Rheum, Scammonium, Senna, Sinapis, Sodas et Potassae Tartras, Sodae Phosphas, Sodas Sulphas, Sodi Chloridum, Sul- phur, Veratria, Aquae Minerales Sulphureas et Salinas, Enemata, Suppositoria. CATHARTIN, see Cassia Senna, and Con- volvulus jalapa. CATHARTIQUE, Cathartic. CATHARTOCARPUS, Cassia fistula. CATHEDRA, Anus. CATHEMERINUS, Quotidian. CATHEMERUS, Quotidian. CATHERET'IC, Catharelicus, Ectylolicus, Sarcoph'agus, from xaSaipuv, 'to eat,' 'destroy.' Substances applied to warts, exuberant granula- tions, Ac, to eat them down. Mild caustics. CATH'ETER, from Ka&mpi (kuO', and inpi, 'to send,') ' I explore.' ^Ene'a, Algalie, Cathete'ris, Demissor, Immis'sor. A hollow tube, introduced by surgeons into the urinary bladder, for the purpose of drawing off the urine. Catheters are made of silver or elastic gum. See Bougie. The French generally use the word catheter for the solid sound or staff; and algalie and sonde for the hollow instrument. Catheter, Nasal. An instrument, invented by M. Gensoul, of Lyons, for catheterizing the ductus ad nasum. It is hook-shaped; the extre- mity, bent at a right angle, is about an inch in length, suited to the distance of the lower orifice of the duct from the nostril, and likewise to the length and form of the duct, with a slight spiral turn. CATHETERIS, Catheter. CATHETERISIS, Catheterismus. CATHETERIS'MUS, Cathete'risis, Catheteri- sa'ti.o, Oath'eterism, Catheteriza'tion, Immia'sio Cathete'ris, same etymon. The introduction of a catheter or sound into the bladder or Eustachian tube. Also probing a wound. Melosis. ,. CATHETERIZATION, Catheterismus. CATH'ETERIZE. To perform the operation of catheterism;—in other words, to introduce the catheter, to probe or sound a cavity. CATHID'RYSIS, from KaBtSpvoi, 'I place to- gether.' Reduction of a part to its natural situ- ation. CATHMIA, Plumbi oxydum semi-vitreum. CATHMIR, Calamina. CATHOD'IC, Cathod'icus; from Kad', 'down- wards,' and hhog, ' a way.' An epithet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to a downward course of ner- vous action. CATH'OLIC HUMOURS, (F.) Humeurs Co- tholiques, are the fluids spread over the whole body. CATHOLICON, Panacea. Cathol'icon Duplex. An ancient purging electuary, chiefly composed of cassia, tamarinds, rhubarb, senna, Ac. CATHOLICUM, Panacea. CATIL'LIA. A weight of nine ounces. CATILLUS. Cup. CATINUS FUSORIUS, Crucible. CATLING CATLING, Knife, double-edged. ' CATO, Karu>, 'below,' 'beneath.' This word, in the writings of Hippocrates, is often used for the abdomen, especially the intestines. When he advises a remedy Kara, he means a purgative; when avio, 'above or upwards,' an emetic. As a prefix, Cato means 'beneath,' as in CATOCATHARTIC, Catocathar'ticus, from raraj, ' downwards,' and Ka&aipeia, ' I purge.' A medicine which purges downwards. One that produces alvine evacuations. The antithesis to Anacathartic CATOCHA GALENI, Catalepsy. CAT'OCHE, Calocheis, Calochus, from /cars^ai, ' I retain,' ' I hold fast.' This word has, by some, been used synonymously with Catalepsy ; by others, with Coma vigil; by others, with Tetanus. CATOCHUS, Catoche, Ecstasis—c. Cervinus, Tetanus—c. Holotonicus, Tetanus—c. Infantum, Induration of the cellular tissue. CATOMIS'MOS, from Kara, 'beneath,' and opog, 'shoulder;' Subhumera'tio. A mode with the ancients of reducing luxation of the humerus by raising the body by the arm.—Paulus of iEgina. CATOPTER, Speculum. CATOP'TRIC EXAMINATION OF THE EYE. When a lighted candle is held before the eye, the pupil of which has been dilated by bella- donna, three images of it are seen—two erect, and one inverted : — the former owing to reflection from the cornea and anterior surface of the crys- talline ; the latter owing to reflection from the posterior layer of the crystalline. This mode of examining the eye has been proposed as a means of diagnosis between cataract and amaurosis. In the latter, all the images are seen. CATOPTROMANCY, from Karoirrpov, (Kara, and oirropai,) 'a mirror,' and pavrtia, 'divination.' A kind of divination by means of a mirror. CATOPTRON, Speculum. CATORCHI'TES. A kind of sour wine, pre- pared with the orchis and black grape, or dried figs. It was formerly employed as a^diuretic and emmenagogue.—Dioscorides. Called, also, Syci'- tes.—Galen. CATORETICUS, Purgative. CATOTERICUS, Purgative. CATO'TICA, from /car&),'beneath.' Diseases infecting internal surfaces. Pravity of the fluids or emunctories, that open on the internal surfaces of organs. The second order in the class Eccri- tica of Good. CATOX'YS, Peracu'tus, from Kara, ' an inten- sive,' and o^vg, 'acute.' Highly acute; as Morbus Catoxys, M. Peracu'tus, a very acute disease. CAT'S EYE, AMAUROTIC, see Amaurotic. CAT'SFOOT, Antennaria dioica. CATTAGAUMA, Cambogia. CATTITEROS, Tin. CATULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. CATU-TRIPALI, Piper longum. CAUCALIS CAROTA, Daucus carota—c. Sa- nicula, Sanicula. CAUCALOIDES, Patella. CAUCASIAN, see Homo. CAUCHEMAR, Incubus. CAUCHEVIEILLE, Incubus. CAUCHUC, Caoutchouc. CAUDA, Coccyx, Penis. Cauda Equi'na. The spinal marrow, at its termination, about the second lumbar vertebra, gives off a considerable number of nerves, which, when unravelled, resemble a horse's tail,—hence the name; (F.) Queue de Cheval, Q. de la Moelle Epinilre. See Medulla Spinalis. Cauda Salax, Penis. CAUDAL, Caudate, Cauda'lis, Cauda'tus; from Cauda, ' a tail.' Relating or appertaining to a tail Having a tail or tail-like appendage: — 1 CAUSA as 'caudal or caudate corpuscles'—corpuscles having a tail-like appendage, as in cancerous growths. CAUDATE, Caudal. CAUDATIO, Clitorism. CAUDATUS, Bicaudatus. CAUDIEZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cau- diez is a small town, nine leagues from Perpig- nan, in France, where there is a thermal spring, containing a little sulphate of soda and iron. CAUDLE: (F.) Chaudeau, chaud, 'warm or hot.' A nourishing gruel given to women during the childbed state. The following is a form for it: Into a pint of fine gruel, not thick, put, whilst it is boiling hot, the yolk of an egg beaten with sugar, and mixed with a large spoonful of cold water, a glass of wine, and nutmeg. Mix the whole well together. Brandy is sometimes sub- stituted for the wine, and lemon peel or capillaire added. It is also sometimes made of gruel and beer, with sugar and nutmeg. CAUL, from (L.) caula, 'a fold,' Pilus, Pile'- olus, Ga'lea, Vitta, (F.) Coeffe, Coiffe — (Etre ne coeffe — 'to be born with a caul.') The English name for the omentum. When a child is born with the membranes over the face, it is said to have been ' born xoith a caul.' In the catalogue of superstitions, this is one of the favourable omens. The caul itself is supposed to confer privileges upon the possessor; hence the mem- branes are dried, and sometimes sold for a high price. See Epiploon. CAULE'DON, Cicye'don, from xavXog, 'a stalk.' A transverse fracture. CAU'LIFLOAVER, (G.) Kohl, 'cabbage,' and flower [ 1 ], Brassica Florida. Cauliflower Excres'cence, Excrescen'tia Syphilit'ica, (F.) Ohoufleur. A syphilitic ex- crescence, which appears about the origin of the mucous membranes, chiefly about the anus and vulva, and which resembles, in appearance, the head of the cauliflower. CAULIS, Penis—c. Florida, Brassica Florida, CAULOPHYL'LUM THALICTROI'DES, Leon'tice thalietroi'des, Blueberry Cohosh, Cohosh, Cohush, Blueberry, Papoose Root, Squaw Root, Rlue Ginseng, Yellow Ginseng, a plant of the Fa- mily Berberideas; Sex. Syst. Hexandria Mono- gynia, which grows all over the United States, flowering in May and June. The infusion of the root is much used by the Indians in various dis- eases. To it are ascribed emmenagogue and dia- phoretic virtues. CAULOPLE'GIA, from KavXog, ' the male or- gan,' and nXnyn, 'a wound,' or 'stroke.' An in- jury or paralysis of the male organ. CAULORRHAGIA, Stimatosis—c Ejaculato- ria, Spermato-cystidorrhagia—c. Stillatitia, Ure- throrrhagia. CAUL0RRHO3A BENIGNA, Gonorrhoea pura. CAULUS, Penis. CAUMA, xavpa, 'a burnt part,' from xaiia, 'I burn.' Great heat of the body or atmosphere. Synocha, Empresma. Cauma Bronchitis, Cynanche trachealis — c. Carditis, Carditis — c. Enteritis, Enteritis — c Gastritis, Gastritis—c Hasmorrhagicum, Hacmor- rhagia activa—c. Hepatitis, Hepatitis — c. Oph- thalmitis, Ophthalmia—c. Peritonitis, Peritonitis — c Phrenitis, Phrenitis — c Pleuritis, Pleuritis —c. Podagricum, Gout—c. Rheumatismus, Rheu- matism, acute. CAUMATO'DES, Caumate'rus, from tavua, ' fire-heat.' Burning hot. Fcbris caumato'dee, F. cauao'dea. Inflammatory fever. Svnocha. CAUNGA, Areca. CAUSA CONJUNCTA, Cause, ^oximate—c Continens, Cause, proximate. 1? CAUS.E 182 CAUSTICUM CAUS^ ABDIT^E, Causes, predisponent or remote—c Actuates, Causes, occasional—c. Pras- incipientes, Causes, procatarctic — c. Proegume- nae, Causes, predisponent. CAUSE, Cau'sa, Ai'tia, Ai'tion. An act which precedes another, and seems to be a necessary condition for the occurrence of the latter. The causes of disease are generally extremely ob- scure ; although they, sometimes, are evident enough. The predisponent and occasional causes are the only two, on which any stress can be laid; but as, authors have divided them differ- ently, a short explanation is necessary. Cause, Ac'cessory, (F.) Cause Accessoire. One which has only a secondary influence in the production of disease. Causes, Accident'al, Common Causes, (F.) Causes Accidentelles, are those which act only in certain given conditions; and which do not always produce the same disease. Cold, e. g., may be the accidental cause of pneumonia, rheu- matism, Ac. CAUSES CACHEES, C. occult—c. Common, C. accidental—c Exciting, C. Occasional—c. Es- sential, C. Specific—c. Determinates, C. Specific —c. Eloignees, C. Predisponent. Causes, Extern'al, (F.) Causes externes, are such as act externally to the individual; as air, cold, Ac. CAUSES FORMELLES, (F.) are such as determine the form or kind of disease. .They differ from the Causes materielles, which are common to a set of diseases; as, to the neuroses, phlegmasias, Ac. Causes, Hidden, C. Occult. Causes, Intern'al, (F.) Causes Internes, are those which arise within the body; — as mental emotions, Ac. Causes, Mechan'ical, (F.) Causes mecaniques, are those which act mechanically, as pressure upon the windpipe in inducing suffocation. Causes, Neg'ative, (F.) Causes negatives, com- prise all those things, the privation of which may derange the functions ; — as abstinence too long continued. They are opposed to positive causes, which, of themselves, directly induce dis- ease ;—as the use of indigestible food, spirituous drinks, Ac. Causes, Obscure, C Occult. Causes, Occa'sional, Exciting Causes, Causa actua'les, (F.) Causes occasionelles, are those which immediately produce disease. The occa- sional causes have been divided into the cogniz- able and non-cognizable.—C J. B. Williams. Exciting Causes OF Disease. I. Cognizable Agents. 1. Mechanical. 2. Chemical. 3. Ingesta. 4. Bodily exertion. 5. Mental emotion. 6. Excessive evacuation. 7. Suppressed or defective evacua- tion. 8. Defective cleanliness, ventilation and draining. 9. Temperature and changes. II. Non-Cognizable Agents. I. Endemic. 2. Epidemic. 3. Infectious. Poisons. CAUSES, Occult', Hidden causes, Obscure causes, (F.) Causes occultes ou cachees ou obscures. Any Sauses with which we are unacquainted; also, certain inappreciable characters of the atmo- sphere, which give rise to epidemics. Causes, Phys'ical, (F.) Causes Physiques,— those which act by virtue of their physical pro- perties ; as form, hardness, Ac. All vulnerating bodies belong to this class. Causes, Physiolog"ical, (F.) Causes Physio. logiques, those which act only on living matter; —narcotics, for example. Causes, Predispo'nent, Remote causes, Causa proegu'mena, Causa ab'dita, Causa remo'ta; (F.) Causes predisponantes, Causes eloignees,— those which render the body liable to disease. They may be general, affecting a number of peo- ple, or particular, affecting only one person. Causes, Prin'cipal, (F.) Causes principalea —those which exert the chief influence on the production of disease, as distinguished from the accessory causes. Causes, Procatarc'tic, Causa procatarc'tica, Causa praincipien'tes, from irpoxarapxnxog, 'the origin or beginning of a thing,' (xarapxio, 'I be- gin,' and trpo, ' before.') These words have been used with different significations. Some have employed them synonymously with predisponent or remote causes ; others with occasional or excit- ing causes. CAUSE PROCHAINE, C proximate. Cause, Prox'imate, Causa prox'ima vel con'- tinens vel conjunc'ta, (F.) Cause continents onpro* chaine, may be the disease itself. Superabundance of blood, e. g., is the proximate cause of plethora. Causes, Remote, C. predisponent. Causes, Specif'ic, Essen'tial causes, Ac, (F.) Causes spedfiques, C. essentielles, C. determinates; those which always produce a determinate dis- ease ; special contagion, for example. CAUSIS, Burn, Ebullition, Fermentation, In- cendium, Ustion. CAUSOMA, Inflammation. CAUS'TIC, Caus'ticus, Cauteret'icus, Diaret'- icus, Ero'dehs, Adu'rens, Urens, Pyrolicus, from xaiia, 'I burn.' (F.) Caustiqne. Bodies, which have the property of causticity; and which con- sequently, burn or disorganize animal substances. The word is also used substantively. The most active are called Escharot'iee. Caustics are also termed ' corrosives.' Caustic Bearer, Porte-pierre. CAUSTICA ADUSTIO, Cauterization. CAUSTICITY, Caustic"itas, from xavanxog, 'that which burns,' (xaiw, 'J burn.) The impres- sion which caustic bodies make on the organ of taste; or, more commonly, the property which distinguishes those bodies. CAUSTICOPHORUM, Porte-pierre. CAUSTICUM .^THIOP'ICUM, Unguen'tum Melan'icum caus'ticum. A sort of paste, made bj rubbing powdered saffron with concentrated sul- phuric acid, recommended by ATelpeau as a caus- tic in cases of gangrenous and carcinomatous ul- cers. The acid is the caustic: the saffron, tin constituent merely. Causticum Alkalinum, Potassa fusa—c. Ame- ricanum, Veratrum sabadilla — c. Antimoniale, Antimonium muriatum. Causticum Commu'ne, Poten'tial Cautery, Com- mon Caustic, Caute'rium potentia'le, Lapis sep'- ticus, Caus'ticum commu'ne milius. This con- sists of quicklime and black soap, of each equal parts. Causticum Commune, Potassa fusa — c. Com- mune acerrimum, Potassa fusa—c. Commune for- tius, Potassa cum calce—c. Lunare, Argenti nitras — e. Potentiale, Potassa fusa—c. Salinum, Po- tassa fusa—c. A'iennense fusum Filhos, see Pow- der, Vienna. CAUSTIQUE CAUST1QUE, Caustic. CAUSTIQUE FILHOS, see Powder, Vienna. CAUSTIQUE DE VIENNE, Powder, Vi- enna. CAUSUS, from xaio,, 'I burn.' A highly ar- dent fever; Deu'rens. Pinel regards it as a com- plication of bilious and inflammatory fever; Broussais, as an intense gastritis, accompanied with bilious symptoms. See Synocha. Causus, Endemial, of the West Indies, Fever, Yellow — c. Tropicus endemicus, Fever, Yellow. CAUTER, Cauterium. CA UTERE, Cauterium, Fonticulus — c. Inhe- rent, Inherent cautery. CAUTERETICUS, Caustic. CAUTERETS, MINERAL AVATERS OF. Cauterets is a bourg seven leagues from Bareges (Hautes-Pyrenees,) France. The waters are hy- drosulphurous and thermal—temperature 123° F. They are used in the same cases as the Bar6ges water. CAUTERIASMUS, Cauterization. CAUTE'RIUM, -Cauterium actua'le, Canter, Cau'tery, Inusto'rium, Rupto'rium, Ignis actua'lis, from xaioi, ' I burn.' (F.) Cautere, Feu aetuel. A substance, used for 'firing,' burning or disorga- nizing the parts to which it is applied. Cauteries were divided by the ancients into actual and po- tential. The word is now restricted to the red- hot iron; or to positive burning. It was, for- merly, much used for preventing hemorrhage from divided arteries; and also with the same views as a blister. The term Poten'tial Cautery, Caute'rium potentia'le, Ignis potentia'lis, (F.)Feu potentiel, was generally applied to the causticum commune, but it is now used synonymously with caustic in general. Cautere also means an issue. Cauterium Actuale, Cauterium. CAUTERIZA'TION, Cauterisa'tio, Cauterias'- mus,Exus'tio, Inus'tio, Caus'ticaAdua'tio. Firing. The effect of a cautery. The French, amongst whom cauterization is much used, distinguished five kinds : 1. Cauteriaation Inherente, which con- sists in applying the actual cautery freely, and with a certain degree of force, so as to disorganize deeply. 2. Cauteriaation tranecurrente, which consists in" passing the edge of the Cautere cultel- laire, or the point of the Cautere conique lightly, so as not to disorganize deeply. 3. Cauteriaation par pointes, which consists in applying on the skin, here and there, the hot point of the conical cautery, with sufficient force to cauterize the whole thickness of the skin. 4. Cauteriaation lente, slow cauterization, by means of the moxa. 5. Cauterisation objective, which consists in hold- ing the cautery at some distance from the part to be acted upon by it. Cau'terize; Caustico adurere; (F.) Cau- teriser. To apply the cautery. To burn with a cautery. CAUTERY, Cauterium — c. Potential, Causti- cum commune. CAVA, Vulva. Cava Vena, Vena hepatites. The hollow or deep-seated vein. (F.) Veine cave. A name given to the two great veins of the body, which meet at the right auricle of the heart. The vena cava supe'rior, thorac"ica vel deseen'dens, is formed by the union of the subclavians; and re- ceives successively, before its termination at the upper part of the right auricle, the inferior thy- roid, right internal mammary, euperior diaphrag- matic, azygoa, Ac. The vena cava infe'rior, ab- domina'lis vel oscen'dens, arises from the union of the two primary iliaca, opposite the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra, receives the middle sacral, lumbar, right spermatic, hepatic, and inferior dia- 3 CAVERNOUS phragmatics, and opens at the posterior and in- ferior part of the right auricle. CAVATIO, Cavity. CAVEA, Cavity—c. Narium, Nares. CAVER'NA, Antrum. 'A cavern.' This term has been used for the female organs of generation. See Cavity, and Arulva. Caverna Narium, Nares. CAVERNS DENTIUM, Alveoli dentium—o. Frontis, Frontal Sinuses. CAVERNEUX, Cavernous. CAVERNOUS, Cavemo'sus, (F.) Caverneux. Filled with small cavities or caverns, — as a sponge. Cavernous Bodies, Cor'pora Cavemos'a of the penis, Cor'pora nervo'sa, C. Ner'veo-spongio'sa Penis, (F.) Corps Caverneux. The corpus caver- nosum is a kind of cylindrical sac, composed of cells; separated, through its whole extent, by a vertical, incomplete septum, Septum pectinifor'- me, and forming nearly two-thirds of the penis. The corpus cavernosum, on each side, arises from the ascending portion of the ischium, and termi- nates obtusely behind the glans. The arteries of the corpora cavernosa come from the internal pudic See Helicine Arteries. Nerves are found on the surface of the outer membrane, but they do not appear to penetrate the substance, and the smooth muscular fibre has been traced into the fibrous parietes of the cells, as in the case of all erectile tissues. J. Miiller's researches have led him to infer, that both in man and the horse, the nerves of the corpora cavernosa are made up of branches pro- ceeding from the organic as well as the animal system, whilst the nerves of animal life alone provide the nerves of sensation of the penis. Cavernous Bodies, Corpora Cavernosa of the Cliloris, are two hollow crura, forming the clitoris. Cavernous Body of the Vagi'na, Corpus Ca- verno'sum Vagina, Plexus retiform'is, is a sub- stance composed of blood-vessels and cells, simi- lar to those of the penis and clitoris, which covers the outer extremity of the vagina, on each side. It serves to contract the entrance to the vagina during coition. Cavernous Ganglion, see Carotid or Carotic Nerve. Cavernous Respira'tion, (F.) When a cavity exists in the lungs, and one or more ramifications of the bronchia terminate in it, a loud tubal noise is emitted, provided the cavity be not filled with fluid, which is called cavernous respiration. In this condition, the cough is cavernous likewise, (F.) Toux Caverneuse. When the capacity of the cavern is very great, the sound of the respiration is like that produced by blowing into a decanter, with the mouth at a little distance from the neck. This kind of cavernous respiration has been called amphoric, from amphora, 'a flask;' (F.) Respi- ration amphorique, Souffle amphorique, S. metal- lique. The Veiled Puff, (F.) Souffle voile, is a modi- fication of the cavernous respiration, in which, according to Laennec, " a sort of movable veil interposed between the excavation and the ear" seems to be agitated to and fro. It is a sign which is not attended to. Cavernous Sinus, Sinus Caverno'sua, Sinua polymor'phus seu Receptac'ulum, S. sphenoidalis, Receptac'ulum sella equina lat'eribus appos'itum, (F.) Sinus caverneux. The Cav'ernous Si'nuses are venous cavities of the dura mater, filled with a multitude of reddish, soft filaments, intersect- ing each other; and, as it were, reticulated. They commence behind the inner part of the sphenoid fissure, pass backwards on the sides of the fossa pituitaria, and terminate by opening 11 CAVIALE li into a cavity, common to the superior and infe- rior petrosal sinuses. They receive some menin- geal veins, the ophthalmic veins, Ac. The ante- rior extremity of each cavernous sinus has been named the ophthalmic sinus. Cavernous Texture or Tissue, (F.) Tissu caverneux. The spongy substance wbich forms the greater part of the penis and clitoris. It seems to consist of a very complicated lace-work of arteries and veins; and, probably, of nervous filaments, with small fibrous plates, which form by their decussation numerous cells communicat- ing with each other. This spongy texture pro- duces erection, by dilating and swelling on the influx of blood ; and probably, also, by virtue of some property inherent in it. CAVIALE, Caviare. CAVIARE', Caviar, Caviale, Kaviac. A culi- nary preparation, much used by certain people, and made on the shores of the Black and Caspian Seas, from the roe of the sturgeon, mixed with salt and other condiments. CAVICULA, Cavil la, from cavus, 'hollow.' The ankle or space between the malleoli. Some have given this name to the os cuneiforme. See Astragalus. CAVICULA PEDIS NODUS, Tarsus. CAVILLA, Astragalus, Cavicula. CAVITAS ANTROSA AURIS, Tympanum— c. Buccinata, Cochlea—c. Cochleata, Cochlea. Cavitas Digitata Ventriculi Lateralis, Cornu posterius ventriculi lateralis. Cav'itas Ellip'tica, Ampulla, Sinus ampul- la'ceus. A dilatation at one end of the semicir- cular canals of the ear. Cavitas Humeri Glenoides, see Glenoid—c Narium, Nares — c. Oculi, Orbit—c. Oris, Mouth —c. Pulpas, see Tooth. CAVITATES CEREBRI, Ventricles of the brain—c. Duras matris, Sinuses of the dura mater —c Innominate?, Auricles of the heart—c. Inter- scapulares, see Interscapularis. GA VITE, Cavity—c. Dentaire, Dental cavity— c. des Epiploons, see Peritonaeum—c. du Tympan, Tympanum. CAVITY, Cav'itas, Oavum, Cce'lotes, Cotton, Ca'vea, Caver'na, Cava'tio, (F.) Cavite. Every thing hollow, as the cranium, mouth, nasal fossae, Ac. Cavities, Splanchnic, (F.) Cavites splanch- niquee, are those which contain the viscera. They are three in number;—the cranium, chest, and abdomen. The cavities of bones, connected with joints or otherwise, are described under their particular denominations. CAVUM, Cavity—c. Abdominis, see Abdomen. Cavum Cra'nii, Venter Supre'mus. The cavity formed by the proper bones of the cranium. Cavum Dentis, see Tooth — c Narium, Nares —c. Oris, Mouth—c Tympani, Tympanum. CAYAN, Phaseolus Creticus. CAZABI, Jatropha manihot. CEANOTHOS, Cirsium arvense. CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS, Celastrus—c. Trinervis, Celastrus. CEAR, Heart. CEASMA, Fissure. CEBI GALLPN.E. The liver of the fowl, bruised.—Castelli. CEBIP'ARA. A large Brazilian tree, whose bitter and astringent bark is used in making anti- rheumatic baths and fomentations CECES, see Quercus alba. CECITE, Cas cites. CEDAR. RED, Juniperus Virginiana. CEDEIA, Embalming. CEDMA, Aneurism, Varix. 4 CELL CED'MATA, xdpara. Rheumatic pains of the joints, especially of the hips, groin, or genital organs. A form of gout or rheumatism. CEDRAT, Citrus medicn. CEDRELE'UM, from xtSpog, 'the cedar,' and eXaiov, ' oil.' The oil of cedar.—Pliny. CE'DRIA, Ce'drium, Ce'drinum, Cedri lach'- ryma, Alkitran. The oil or resin which flows from the cedar of Lebanon. It was supposed to possess great virtues. — Hippocrates, Foesius, Scribonius Largus, Dioscorides. It has been supposed to be the same as the pyroligneous acid. See Pinus Sylvestris. CE'DRINUM VINUM, Cedar Wine. A wine prepared by steeping half a pound of bruised cedar berries in six French pints of sweet wine. It is diuretic and subastringent. CEDRI'TES, from xtSpog, ' the cedar.' A wine prepared from the resin of cedar and sweet wine. It was formerly employed as a vermifuge, Ac. CEDRIUM, Cedria. CEDROMELA, see Citrus medica. CEDRON, see Simaba cedron. CEDRONELLA, Melissa—c. Triphylla, Dra- cocephalum canariense. CEDROS, Juniperus lycia. CEDROSTIS, Bryonia alba. CEDRUS BACCIFERA, Juniperus sabina— c. Mahogani, Sweetenia mahogani. CEINTURE, Cingulum, Herpes zoster. CEINTURE BLANCHE DE LA CHO- ROIDE, Ciliary ligament. CEINTURE DARTREUSE, Herpes zoster— c. de Hildane, Cingulum Hildani—c. de Vif Ar- gent, Cingulum mercuriale. CELANDINE, Impatiens—c. Common, Cheli- donium majus—c. Lesser, Ranunculus ficaria—c. Poppy, Stylophorum diphyllum. CELAS'TRUS, Celas'tus, Ceano'thus Ameri- ca'nus seu triner'vis, Nexv Jersey Tea, Red Root. Used by the American Indians, in the same man- ner as lobelia, for the cure of syphilis. It is slightly bitter and somewhat astringent. A strong infusion of the dried leaves and seeds has been recommended in aphthae, and as a gargle in scarlatina. Celastrus Scandens, Climbing Stafftree. A climbing American shrub, the bark of which is said to possess emetic, diaphoretic, and narcotic properties. CELATION, (F.) Concealment, from celare, 'to conceal.' A word used by French medico- legal writers for cases where there has been con- cealment of pregnancy or delivery. CELE, xnXn, 'a tumour, protrusion, or rupture;' a very common suffix, as in hydrocele, bubono- cele, Ac. See Hernia. CEL'ERY, (F.) Ceieri. The English name for a variety of Apium graveolens. Celery, AA^ild, Bubon galbanum. CELETA, see Hernial. CELIA, Cerevisia. CELIAQUE, Coeliac. CELIS, xnXig, 'a spot, a stain.' A macula, or spot on the skin. CELL, Cella. A small cavity. The same sig- nification as cellule. Also, a vesicle composed of a membranous cell-wall, with, usually, liquid contents. The whole organized body may be re- garded as a congeries of cells having different endowments, each set being concerned in special acts, connected with absorption, nutrition, and secretion, wherever an action of selection or ela- boration has to be effected. These cells are gene- rally termed primary, elementary, or primordial. AVhen they give rise to other cells, they are, at times, termed parent or mother cells ; the result- ing cells being termed daughter celU. CELL-WALL 185 CENIPLAM • Cell, Apoplectic, see Apoplectic cell — c. Bronchic, Cellule, bronchic—c. Calcigerous, see Tooth — c. Daughter, see Cell — c. Elementary, see Cell. Cell, Epider'mic or Epithe'lial. The cells or corpuscles that cover the free membranous sur- faces of the body, and which form the epidermis and epithelium, are termed ' epidermic or epithe- lial cells.' They are developed from germs fur- nished by the subjacent membrane. r Cell, Epithelial, Cell, epidermic — c. Fat, see Fatty vesicles — c. Germ, Cytoblast—c. Ger- minal, see Cytoblast — c. Nucleated, see Cyto- blast. Cell Life. The life which is possessed by the separate cells that form the tissues, and by which the nutrition of the tissues is presumed to be effected. Cell, Mother, see Cell—c. Parent, see Cell. Cell, Pigment. Pigment cells are mingled with the epidermic cells, and are most manifest in the coloured races. They are best seen on the inner surface of the choroid of the eye, where they form the pigmentum nigrum. Cell, Primary, see Cell — c. Primordial, see Cell. CELL WALL, see Cell. CELLA TURCICA, Sella Turcica. CELLULA, Cellule. CELLULjE, see Colon — c Medullares, see Medullary membrane — c. Pulmonales, Cellules bronchic, see Pulmo—c. Bronchicas, see Cellule. CEL'LULAR, Gellula'ris, Cellulo'sus, (F.) Cel- lulaire. Composed of cells or cellules, from cella or cellula, ' a cell.' Cel'lular Mem'brane, Membra'na cellulo'sa, M. Cellula'ris,—M. adipo'sa, M. pinguedino'sa, of some, Pannic'ulus adipo'sus,—Membrane formed of cellular tissue, (F.) Membrane cellulaire. Ge- nerally used for the tissue itself. Cel'lular System. The whole of the cellular tissue of the human body. Cellular Tissue, Tela cellula'ris, T. cellu- lo'sa, T. Hippoc'ratis cribro'sa, Ethmyphe, reticu- la''ted, filamentous, laminated, crib'riform, porous, are'olar, and mucous Tissue, Retic'ular or cellular substance, Contex'tus cellulo'sus, (F.) Tissu cellu- laire, reticule, lomineux, cribleux, poreux, areo- laire, muqueux, Ac, is the most common of all the organic tissues. It contains irregular areola between the fibres, as well as serum, fat, and the adipous tissue. Of the fibres, some are of the yellow elastic kind; but the greater part are of .the white fibrous tissue, and they frequently pre- sent the form of broad flat bands, in which no distinct fibrous arrangement is perceptible. See Fibrous. The cellular tissue or texture unites every part of the body, determines its shape, and by its elasticity and contractility, and by the fluid which it contains in its cells, facilitates the mo- tion of parts on each other. Cellular tissue has been divided by anatomists into the external, general or common cellular tissue — textus cellula'ris interme'dius seu laxus, which does not penetrate the organs,—the cellu- lar texture which forms the envelopes of organs —textus cellula'ris strictus, and that which pene- trates into the organs, accompanying and enve- loping all their parts, — the textus cellula'ris sti- fia'tus, constituting the basis of all the organs. t has likewise been termed Textus organ'icus seu parenchyma'Ha. Cellular Tissue of Bones, see Cancelli. CEL'LULE, Cellula, diminutive of cella, 'a cavity.' A small cavity. (F.) Cellule. Cellules^ are the small cavities between the laminae of the cellular tissue, corpora cavernosa, Ac. Cellules or Cells, Bronchic, Cellula Bron'- chica seu Pulmona'les, Pori pulmo'num, Vesie'- ula pulmonales. The air-cells of the lungs. See Pulmo. CELLULES BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial cells. CELLULITIS VENENATA, see AVound. CEL'LULOSE, same etymon as Cellules. The substance which is left after the action upon any kind of vegetable tissue of such solvents as are fitted to dissolve out the matter deposited in its cavities and interstices. It has been affirmed., that the tunicated or ascidian mollusca have, in their integuments, a considerable quantity of it. CELLULOSUS, Cellular. CELOLOG"IA, from xnXn, 'rupture,' and Xoyog, 'a discourse.' The doctrine of hernia. A treatise on hernia. CELOSO'MUS, from xnXn, 'a rupture,' and aiopa, ' body.' A monster in which the trunk is malformed, and eventration or displacement of the viscera exists. CELOTES, see Hernial. CELOTOM'IA, Kelotom'ia, Celolomy, from xnXn, ' a rupture,' and repvtiv, ' to cut.' An ope- ration, formerly employed for the radical cure of inguinal hernia; which consisted, principally, in passing a ligature round the hernial sac and sper- matic vessels. It necessarily occasioned atrophy and loss of the testicle; and did not secure the patient against the return of the disease. The intestines were, of course, not included in the ligature. Also, the operation for hernia in gene- ral.—Herniolomy. CELOT'OMUS, same etymon. Herniolomus. A knife used in the operation for hernia. Adjec- tively, it means relating to celotomy, like Celo- tom'icus. CELSA. A term, used by Paracelsus for a cutaneous disease, dependent, according to him, on a false or heterogeneous spirit or vapour, con- cealed under the integuments, and endeavouring to escape. Perhaps the disease was Urticaria. CELSUS, METHOD OF, see Lithotomy. CELTIS OCCIDENTA'LIS, Sugarberry, Hackberry. Order, Ulmaceas: indigenous, flower- ing in May. The bark is said to be anodyne and cooling; the berries are sweet and astringent. It has been used in dysentery. CEMBRO NUTS, see Pinus cembra. CEMENT. A glutinous substance introduced into a carious tooth to prevent the access of air or other extraneous matters. The following is an example: (R. Sandarac £iy, Mastich. £i; Succin. gr. x. JEther. ^j; Dissolve with the aid of heat.) Oatermaier'a Cement for the teeth is prepared of finely powdered cauatic lime, thirteen parts; anhydrous phoaphoric acid, twelve parts. When introduced into a carious tooth, it becomes solid in about two minutes. CEMENTERIUM, Crucible. CEMENTUM, see Tooth. CENANGIA, Ceneangia. CENCHRON, Panicum miliaceum. CENDRE, Cineritious. CENDRE DU LEVANT, Soda. CENDRES GRAVE LEES, see Potash — c. de Sarmcnt, see Potash. CENEANGI'A, Ccnangi'a, from xevog, 'empty, and ayyeiov, ' a vessel.' Inanition. Empty state of vessels.—Galen. CENEMBATE'SIS, from xevog, 'empty,' and epffatvw, ' I enter.' Paracentesis. Also, the act of probing a wound or cavity; Melo'sis. CENEONES, Flanks. CENIGDAM, Ceniplam. CENIGOTAM, Ceniplam. CENIPLAM, Cenigdam, Cenigotam, Ceniflo. CENIPOTAM 1 lam. The name of an instrument anciently used for opening the head in epilepsy.—Paracelsus. CENIPOTAM, Ceniplam. CENO'SIS, from xevog, 'empty.' Ine'sis, Inethmos. Evacuation. It is sometimes em- ployed synonymously with inanition, and op- posed to repletion,—Exinanil'io. CEXOT'ICA, from xevotoig, 'evacuation.' Dis- eases affecting the fluids. Morbid discharges or excess, deficiency or irregularity of such as are natural. The first order, class Genetica, of Good; also, Drastics. CENTAU'REA BEHEN, Serralula behen, Behen abiad, Behen album, Been, AVhite Behen. Ord. Gentianeae. Astringent. Centau'rea Benedic'ta, Car'duus benedic'tus, Onicus sylves'tris, Cnicus benedic'tus, Cardxobol- anum, Blessed or Holy Thistle, (F.) Chardon benit. Fam. Cynarocephaleae. Sex. Syst. Syn- genesia Polygamia frustranea. A strong decoc- tion of the herb is' emetic: — a strong infusion, diaphoretic ( ? ); a light infusion, tonic and sto- machic. Dose, gr. xv to £j of the powder. Centau'rea Calcitra'pa, Calcitra'pa, Calca- trep'pola, Car'duus solstitia'lis, Carduus stella'tus, Ja'cea ramosis'sima, Cacotrib'ulus, Galcitrap'pa Stella'to seu hippophastum, Stella'ta rupi'na, Centau'rea Stella'ta, Common Star- Thistle, Star- Knapweed, (F.) Centauree etoilee, Chardon etoile, Chaussetrappe, Pignerole. It is possessed of tonic properties, and has been given in inter- mittents, dyspepsia, Ac It is not much used. Centau'rea Centau'rium, Rhapon'ticum vul- ga're, Centaurium magnum, Centaurium majus, Greater Cen'taury, Centaurium ojficina'le, (F.) Centauree grande. It is a bitter; and was for- merly used as a tonic, especially the root. Centau'rea Cy'anus, Cy'anus, Blue bottle, Corn-flower, (F.) Blavelle, Blaveole, BlavSrolle. The flowers were once much used as a cordial, tonic, Ac. They are now forgotten. Centaurea Stellata, Centaurea calcitrapa. CENTAUREE ETOILEE, Centaurea calci- trapa—c. Grande, Centaurea centaurium—c. Pe- tite, Chironia centaurium. CENTAUREUM, Chironia centaurium. CENTAURIS, Chironia centaurium. CENTAURIUM MAGNUM, Centaurea cen- taurium—c. Minus vulgare, Chironia centaurium — c. Officinale, Centaurea centaurium — c. Par- vum, Chironia centaurium. CENTAURY, AMERICAN, Chironia angu- laris—c Greater, Centaurea centaurium—c. Les- ser, Chironia centaurium. CENTESIS, Paracentesis, Puncture. CENTIGRAMME, (F.) from centum, 'a hun- dred,' and ypappa, 'gramme,' Centigram'ma. The hundredth part of a gramme. A centi- gramme is equal to about the fifth part of a French grain, gr. .1543, Troy. CENTILITRE, Centili'tra, from centum, 'a hundred,' and Xirpa, 'litre.' An ancient Greek measure for liquids: — the hundredth part of a litre—equal to nearly 2.7053 fluidrachms. CENTIMETRE, Centim'eter; the hundredth part of a metre — equal to about four lines. .3937 English inch. CENTf MORBIA, Lysimachia nummularia. CENTINERVIA, Plantago. CENTINODE, Polygonum aviculare. CENTINODIA, Polygonum aviculare. CENTO VIRGINALIS, Hymen. CENTRAD, see Central aspect. CENTRADIAPHANES, Catarac'ta centra- lis, from Ktvrpov, ' centre,' a, privative, and ha- Qavns, 'transparent.' Cataract owing to obscurity of the central portion of the crystalline. CENTRUM CENTRAL, Centralis, from centrum, 'the centre.' Relating or appertaining to the centre. Central Ar'tery of the Ret'ina, Arte'ria Centra'lie Ret'ina, Central Artery of Zinn. This artery is given off from the arteria oph- thalmica, and penetrates the optic nerve a little behind the ball of the eye; running in the axis of the nerve, and spreading out into many small branches upon the inside of the retina. When the nerve is cut across near the eye, the orifice of the divided artery is observable. This was formerly called Poms Op'ticus. Central Aspect. An aspect towards the centre of an organ. — Barclay. Centrad is used by the same writer adverbially, to signify 'to- wards the central aspect.' CENTRE OF ACTION. The viscus in which the whole or a great part of any function is exe- cuted, and to which several other organs contri- bute. Thus, the vital activity seems to be wholly centred in the stomach, during chymification; in the duodenum, during chylification. In like manner, the uterus becomes a centre of action during gestation. Centre, Epigas'tric. The ganglions and ner- vous plexuses, formed by the great sympathetic and pneumogastric nerves, in the epigastrium, around the coeliac artery; where the impressions received from various parts of the body seem to be centred. Centre of Flux'ion. The part towards which fluids are particularly attracted. An irritated organ is said to be a centre of fluxion. Centres, Nervous, (F.) Centres nerveux. The organs, whence the nerves originate; as the brain and spinal marrow. Centre, Optic, see Optic centre. Centre, Oval, Centrum Ova'le, C. 0. Vieuase'- nii, Tegumen'tum ventriculo'rum cer'ebri. When the two hemispheres of the brain are sliced away, till on a level with the corpus callosum, the me- dullary part in each is of an oval shape: hence called centrum ovale minua, (F.) centre medullaire hemiepheral. The two centres of the opposite sides, together with the corpus callosum, form the centrum ovale of Vieus'sena. Vieussens sup- posed all the medullary fibres to issue from that point, and that it was the great dispensatory of the animal spirits. Centre, Phrenic, Ten'dinous Centre of the Diaphragm, Centrum Phren'icum, C. Ner'veum or C. Tendino'sum seu tendin'eum, (F.) Centre phrenique ou C. tendineux du Diaphragme. The central aponeurosis or cordiform tendon of the diaphragm. Centre of Sympathet'ic Irradia'tions, (F.) Centre d'irradiations sympathiques. Any organ which excites, sympathetically, the action of other organs, more or less distant from it; and with which it seems to have no immediate com- munication.—Marjolin. Centre, Tendinous, of the Diaphragm, Centre, phrenic. CENTROMYRINE, Ruscus. CENTRUM, see Vertebrae —c Commune, So- lar plexus—c. Nerveum, Centre, phrenic—c. Op- ticum, Optic centre — c. Ovale, Centre, oval — c. Ovale minus, see Centre, oval—c. Ovale of A'ieus- sens, Centre, oval — c Semicirculare geminum, Taenia semicircularis — c. Tendinosum, Centre, phrenic. Centrum Vita'le, Nodus seu Fons vita'lis, (F.) Nceud vital. A term applied, at times, to the medulla oblongata; at others, to the medulla oblongata, and the medulla spinalis as far as the second cervical nerve of the spinal marrow, in any part of which a wound would seem to be in- 16 CENTRY li stantly fatal. It is the nervous centre of respi- ration and deglutition. CENTRY, Chironia angularis. CENTUM CAPITA, Eryngium campestre. CENTUMNODIA, Polygonum aviculare. CEPA ASCALONICA, Bulbus esculentus, Echalotte — c. Victorialis, Allium victoriale — c. Vulgaris, Allium cepa. CEP.EA, Veronica beccabunga. CEPHAELIS IPECACUANHA, Ipecacuanha. CEPHALxE'A, Headach, (F.) CephaUe, from KtipaXn, 'head.' Some use the term synonymously with cephalalgia; others, for a periodical head- ach ; others, again, for a more violent headach than cephalalgia implies; and others for a chronic headach. The last was its ancient signification. Cephala'a spasmod'ica, Cephalalgia apaamod'- ica, C. Nauaeo'aa, Sick-headach, is characterized by partial, spasmodic pain; often shifting from one part of the head to another: chiefly com- mencing in the morning, with sickness and faint- ness. It is extremely apt to recur, notwithstand- ing every care. Cephaliea Arthritica, Cephalagra—c. He- micrania, Hemicrania — c. Nauseosa, C. Spas- modica — c. Pulsatilis, Crotaphe. CEPHALHEMATOMA, from xtipaXij, 'head,' and 'atpa, 'blood;' Cephalamato'ma neonato'rum, Ecchymo'ma cap'itis, E. capitia recens nato'rum, Thrombus neonato'rum, Abscea'sus cap'itis san- guineus neonatorum, Tumor cap'itis sanguin'eus neonato'rnm, Cephalophy'ma, Craniohamaton'cus. A sanguineous tumour, sometimes developed be- tween the pericranium and the bones of the head of new-born children. Similar tumours are met with occasionally above other bones, and at all periods of existence. Cephalhematoma Neonatorum, Cephalaema- toma. CEPHALJl'MIA, Hyper a'mi a cer'ebri, H. Cap'itis, Encephaloha'mia, (F.) Hyperemie ou Congestion du cerveau, Encephalohemie, H. cere- brate, Congestion cerebrale. Accumulation of blood in the vessels of the brain. CEPHALAGO'GUS, Cephaloduc'tor, Capiti- duc'tor, from KtipaXn, 'head,' and ayutyog, 'a leader, a driver.' An instrument used for draw- ing down the foetal head. CEPH'ALAGRA, from KtipaXn, 'the head,' and aypa, 'seizure.' Cephala'a arthrit'ica, Menin- gitis arthrilica. Gout in the head. CEPHALAGRA'PHIA, from KtipaXn, 'the head,' and ypan, 'a description.' An anatomical description of the head. CEPHALAL'GIA, Cephalopo'nia, Cephalo- dyn'ia, Encephalodyn'ia, Homonopa'gia, from KtipaXn, 'the head,' and aXyog, 'pain;' Encepha- lal'gia, Dolor Cap'itis, D. cephal'icus, Soda, Pain in the head; Headach, (F.) Ce'phalalgie, Mal d tete. Every kind of headach, whether symp- tomatic or idiopathic, is a cephalalgia. It is ordinarily symptomatic, and has to be treated accordingly. Cephalalgia Contagiosa, Influenza — c. In- flammatoria, Phrenitis. Cephalalgia Period'ica, Febris intermittens cephaliea larva'ta, Intermittent headach. Head- ach which returns periodically; properly, per- haps, a form of neuralgia. Cephalalgia Pulsatilis, Crotaphe—c. Spas- modica, see Cephalaea. CEPHALALOG"IA, from KtipaXn, 'the head,' and Xoyog, ' a discourse.' An anatomical disser- tation on the head. CEPHALANTHE D'AMERIQUE, Cepha- lanthus occidentalis. CEPHALAN'THUS OCCIDENTA'LIS, But- tonwood shrub, Buttonbush, White Ball, Little 17 CEPHAL0-PHARYNG2BUS Snowball, Swampwood, Pond Dogwood, Globe- flower, (F.) Cephalanthe d'Amerique, Bois de Marais. An ornamental shrub, Nat. Ord. Ru- biaceae; Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia, which grows all over the United States, near streams and ponds, and flowers in July and August. The bark of the root has been used as an anti- periodic tonic. CEPHALARTICA, Cephalic remedies. CEPHALATOM'IA, Cephalotom'ia, from KtipaXn, 'the head,' and rtuvuv, 'to cut.' Ana- tomy, or dissection, or opening of the head. CEPHALE, Head. CEPHALIC, Cephal'icus, Capita'lis, from KtipaXn, 'the head.' (F.) Cephalique. Relating to the head. Cephal'ic Rem'edies, Cephaliea vel Capita'- lia remed'ia, are remedies capable of relieving affections of the head, especially headach: — Cephalar'tica. Cephal'ic Vein, Vena Cephaliea, Vena Cap'- itis, (F.) Veine cephalique, Veine radiate cutunSe of Chaussier. The great superficial vein at the outer part of the arm and fore-arm. It begins on the back of the hand, by a number of radicles, which unite into a single trunk, called the Ceph- alic of the Thumb, Cephaliea Pol'licis, (F.) Veine cephalique du pouce. It ascends along the ante- rior and outer part of the fore-arm, where it forms the superficial radial. At the fold of the elbow it receives the median cephalic, ascends along the outer edge of the biceps, and opens into the axil- lary vein. The name Cephalic was given to it by the ancients, because they thought it had some connexion with the head, and that blood-letting ought to be performed on it, in head affections. Chaussier calls the internal jugular, Veine ce- phalique, and the primary or common carotid, Artere cephalique. CEPHALIDIUM, see Caput. CEPH ALI'NE. The base or root of the tongue. —Gorrasus. CEPHALIS, see Caput. CEPHALITIS, Phrenitis. CEPHALIUM, see Caput. CEPHALODUCTOR, Cephalagogus. CEPHALODYMTA, Encephalodym'ia ; from KtipaXn, 'head,' and hio>, 'I enter into.' A class of double monstrosities, in which the heads are united. It is divided into two genera, Fronto- dym'ia and Bregmatodym'ia ; in the former the union being between the ossa frontis; in the lat- ter between the bregmata.—Cruveilhier. CEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia. CEPHALffiDEMA, Hydrocephalus. CEPHALOID, Encephaloid. CEPHALOMA, Encephaloid. CEPHALO-MENINGITIS, Meningo-cepha- litis. CEPHALOM'ETER, from KtipaXn, 'the head,' and ptrpov, 'measure.' An instrument for mea- suring the different dimensions of the foetal head, during the process of accouchement. A kind of forceps. CEPHALON'OSUS, from KtTaXn, 'the head,' and vooog, ' disease.' This term has been applied to the Febris Hungar'ica, in which the head was much affected. See Fever, Hungaric. Others have so called any cerebral disease or fever. CEPHALOPAGES, Symphvocephalus. CEPH'ALO-PHARYNG^l'US, from xttpaXn, 'the head,' and ipapvyl-, 'the pharynx :' belonging to the head and pharynx. Winslow has given this name to the portion of the constrictor pha- ryngis superior, which is attached, above, to the inferior surface of the basilary process of the os occipitis. The Ceph'alo-pharynge'al Aponeuro'* CEPHALOPHYMA 188 CERATITIS tia is a thin, fibrous membrane, which is attached to the basilary process, and gives insertion to the fibres of the constrictor superior pharyngis. CEPHALOPHYMA, Cephalaematoma. CEPHALOPONIA, Cephalalgia. CEPHALO-RACHIDIAN, Cephalo-spinal. CEPHALOSOMATODYM'IA, Encephaloso- matodym'ia; from KtipaXn, 'head,' aiopa, 'body,' and <5uu), ' I enter into.' A double monstrosity, «. in which the union is between the heads and the ' trunks. Of this there are varieties :—for exam- ple, Infra-maxillostermodym'ia, where the union is with the inferior maxillary bones and sterna; and Prosopostemodym'ia, between the faces and sterna.—Cruveilhier. CEPHALO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spina'lis, Ceph'- alo-rachid'ian, Cerebrospinal, Craniospinal. A hybrid term, from KtipaXn, 'head,' and spina, 'spine.' Belonging to the head and spine. Ceph'alo-spinal Fluid, Cephalo-rachid'ian fluid, Cerebrospinal fluid, Flu'idum cer'ebro- epina'le, Subarachnoidean fluid, is an exhaled fluid, which is found beneath the arachnoid, wherever pia mater exists in connexion with the brain and spinal cord. It seems to have a pro- tecting office, and to keep up a certain degree of pressure on the organ,—at least in the spinal CEPHALOTHORACOSTERU'MENUS, from KtipaXn, ' head,' Qtapal-, ' the chest,' and trrtpttv, ' to rob.' A monster without head or chest. CEPHALOTOMIA, Eccephalosis. CEPHALOTRIRE, (F.) An instrument in- vented by Baudelocque, the nephew, for crushing the head of the foetus in utero; from KtipaXn, ' the head,' and rpt/Jw, ' I bruise.' It consists of a strong forceps, the blades of which are solid: 16 lines broad, and 3 thick. The handles are per- forated at their extremity to receive a screw with three threads, the direction of which is very ob- lique, so as to allow great rapidity of rotation, and the screw is moved by a winch 6 inches long, to increase the force of the pressure. The bones cf the head are easily crushed by it. CEPHALOTRIP'SY, Cephalotrip'sis; same etymon as Cephalotribe. The operation of crush- ing the head of the foetus in utero. CEPHALOTRYPESIS, Trepanning. CEPHALOXIA, Torticollis. CEPULLA, Allium cepa. CER, Heart. CERA FLAVA et CERA ALBA, Ceros, Yel- low and White Wax, (F.) Cire Jaune et Blanche. An animal substance prepared by the bee, and by some plants, as the Cerox'ylon and Myri'ca cerif'era. Its colour is yellow, and smell like that of honey, but both are lost by bleaching. It is demulcent and emollient; is sometimes given in the form of emulsion, in diarrhoea and dysen- tery, but is chiefly used in cerates and ointments. CFRM'M, from xtpag, ' a horn,' xtpaiai. The Cornua of the uterus.—Rufus of Ephesus. CERAMICS, Cerami'tis, from xtpapog, ' pot- ter's earth.' A sort of earth used as a cataplasm in peripneumony.—Hippocrates. CERAMIUM, Amphora — c. Helminthochor- tus, Corallina Corsicana. CERAMNIUM, Amphora. CERAMURIA, see Urine. CERANTHEMUS, Propolis. CER AS, Ktpag, 'genitive,' xtparog, 'horn,' Cor- nu; also, the Cornea. Hence, Ceratectomia, Ceratocele, Ac. CERASION, see Prunus cerasus. CERAS'MA, from xepavwpi, ' to mix :' some- thing mixed. A mixture of hot and cold water. Metaeeras'ma.—Gorrasus. CERASUM, see Prunus cerasus. CERASUS ACIDA, Prunus cerasus —c. Avi- um, Prunus avinum, P. nigra—c. Duleis, Prunus nigra—c. Hortensis, Prunus cerasus — c. Lauro- cerasus, Prunus laurocerasus—c. Padus, Prunus padus — c. Racemosus sylvestris, Prunus padus —c Rubra, Prunus cerasus—c. Serotina, Prunus Virginiana—c. Virginiana, Prunus Virginiana— c. Vulgaris, Prunus cerasus. CER AT BLANC ou DE GALIEN, Ceratum Galeni—c. de Blanc de Baleine, Ceratum cetacei — c. de Goulard, Ceratum plumbi—c. pour lea Livres, Cerate for the lips—c. de Plomb compose, Ceratum plumbi compositum — c. de Savon, Ce- ratum Saponis—c. de Suracetate de plomb, Cera- tum plumbi superacetatis. CE'RATE, Cera'tum, from xnpag, Lat. cera, 'wax,' Cerela'um, Cero'ma, Cero'nium, Cero'tum, Ceratomalag'ma, (F.) Cerat. A composition of wax, oil, or lard, without other ingredients. Cerate, Simple Cerate, Cera'tum, Cera'tum simplex. (F.) Cerat Simple. ( White wax, £iv, Lard, §viij.) It is applied as an emollient to excoriations, Ac. Cerate, Belleville's, see Unguentum Hy- drargyri nitrico-oxydi. Cerate of Cal'amine, Cera'tum Calami'na, C. Calamin. prapar., C. Oarbona'tis zinci im- pu'ri, C. Zinci Carbona'tis, Cera'tum lap'idis Ca- lamina'ris, Cera'tum epulot'icum, Cerate of Car- bonate of Zinc, Turner's Cerate, Healing Salve, (F.) Cerat de Pierre Calaminaire, C. de Calamine, Calamin., Cera flava, aa §iij, adipis, Tbj. Melt the wax and lard together, and, on cooling, add the carbonate of zinc and stir till cool.—Ph. U. S.) Cerate of Canthar'ides, Cera'tum Canthar'- idis, Blister Ointment, Ointment of Spanish Flies, Unguen'tum ad vesicato'ria, Unguen'tum Pulveris Meloes veeicato'rii, Ung. epispas'ticum for'tius, Cera'tum Lytta, (F.) Cerat de Cantharides. (Spermaceti cerate 3VJ> Cantharides in powder, 3J- The cerate being softened by heat, stir in the flies.) This cerate of the European Pharma- copoeias is used to keep blisters, issues, Ac, open. See Unguentum Lyttee. For the Cerate of Spa- nish flies of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, see Em- plastrum Lyttae. Cerate, Goulard's, Ceratum Plumbi compo- situm. Cerate, Kirkland's Neutral. (Diachyl. 5£viij, olive oil ^iv, prepared chalk §iv: when nearly cool, add Acet. dest. §iv, plumb, superacet. ^iij-) A cooling emollient. Cerate or Poma'tum for the Lips, Cera'tum labia'le rubrum, Pomma'tum ad labia demulcen'- da.—Ph. P. (F.) Cerat ou Pommade pour les livres, ( Wax 9 parts; oil 16 parts; — coloured with alkanet.) Cerate, Lead, Compound, Ceratum plumbi compositum. Cerate, Marshall's. (Palm oil 5Jvi. calomel ^j, sugar of lead ^ss, ointment of nitrate of mer- cury ^ij.) Cerate, Resin, Compound, Ceratum Resinae compositum — c. Savine, Ceratum sabinas — c. Soap, Ceratum saponis — c. Spermaceti, Ceratum cetacei — c. of Superacetate or sugar of lead, Ce- ratum plumbi superacetatis — c. Turner's, Cerate of calamine — c. of Carbonate of zinc, Cerate of calamine. CERATECTOM'IA, from xtpag, 'the cornea,' and exropog, ' cut out.' An incision through the cornea. See Ceratotomia. CERATIA, Ceratonium siliqua. CERATI'ASIS, from Ktpag, ' horn.' A morbid condition characterized by corneous growths. CERATION, Siliqua. CERATI'TIS, Keratitis, from xtpag, 'the cor- nea,' and itis, ' inflammation.' Inflammation of CERATIUM the cornea, Cerati'tis, Ceratode'i'tis, Ceratomenin- gi'tis, Cornei'tis, Injlamma'tio eor'neos. CERATIUM, Ceratonium siliqua. CER'ATO, in composition, in the names of muscles, is used for the cornua of the os hyoides; —as Cerato-glossus. CERATOCE'LE, Aquula, Uva'tio, Prominen- tia Cor'nea, Hernia Cor'nea, Ceratodeoce'le, from xtpag, ' horn,' and xnXn, ' tumour.' A protrusion of the transparent cornea, or rather of the mem- brane of the aqueous humour through an opening in the cornea. CERATODEITIS, Ceratitis. CERATODEOCELE, Ceratocele. CERATODEONYXIS, Ceratonyxis. CERATODES MEMBRANA, Cornea. CERATOGLOS'SUS, Keratoglos'sus, from Kt- pag, ' horn,' and yXoiaaa, ' the tongue.' A muscle, extending from the great cornu of the os hyoides to the base of the tongue. It is a part of the hyoglossus. CERATOIDES, Cornea, CERATOLEUCOMA, Leucoma. CERATO'MA, Cerato'sis, from Ktpag, 'horn.' A horny growth, or horny formation. CERATO-MALAGMA, Cerate. CERATO-MENINGITIS, Ceratitis. CERATO-MENINX, Cornea. CERATO'NIA SIL'IQUA. The Carob Tree, Cera'tium, Cera'tia, Siliqua dulcis, Caro'ba Al- nabati, Sweetpod, (F.) Caroubier (Fruit, Ca- rouge.) This—the fruit of the Ceratonia siliqua — is mucilaginous, and employed in decoction, where mucilages are indicated. CERATONYXTS, Keratonyx'is, Ceratodeo- nyx'is, from xtpag, ' the cornea,' and vvaoo), ' I puncture.' An operation by which the crystal- line is depressed by means of a needle introduced into the eye through the cornea. Some divide the crystalline into fragments with the needle, and leave them to the action of the absorbents. The operation is as old as the 17th century. CER'ATO-PHARYNGE'US^er'ato-PAaryn- ge'us, from xtpag, 'horn,' and (papvyZ, 'the pha- rynx.' The great and small Cer'ato-pharynge'i are small fleshy bundles, forming part of the Hyopharyngeus of Winslo^ CERATOPLAS'TICE, ftom Ktpag, 'the cor- nea,' and irXaariKog, 'forming, formative.' The operation for the formation of an artificial cornea. It has not been practised on man. CERATORRHEX'IS, Ruptu'ra cor'nea, from Ktpag, 'the cornea,' and pniu, 'rupture.' Rupture of the cornea. CERATOSIS, Ceratoma. CER'ATO-STAPHYLI'NUS, Ker'atostaphy- Wnus, from xtpag, ' horn,' and oratpvXn, ' the uvu- la.' Some fleshy fibres of the Thyro-Staphylinus of Winslow. CERATOTOM'IA, Ceratectom'ia, from xtpag, 'cornea,' and rtpvtiv, 'to cut.' Section of the transparent cornea. This incision is used in the operation for cataract, to give exit to pus effused in the eye, in case of hypopyon, Ac. CERATOT'OMUS, Keratolomus, Kerat'omus, from xtpag, ' cornea,' and rtpvtiv, ' to cut.' A name given by Wenzel to his knife for dividing the transparent cornea, in the operation for cata- ract. Many modifications of the instrument have been made since Wenzel's time. See Knife, cataract. CERATUM, Cerate—c. Album, Ceratum ceta- cei, Ceratum Galeni—c. de Althaea., Unguentum de Althaea—c. Calaminae, Cerate of Calamine— c Cantharidis, Cerate of Cantharides, Emplas- trum Lyttas — c. de Cerussa, Unguentum plumbi subcarbonatis. Cera'tum Cbta'cei, Cera'tum spermaceti, Ce- 9 CERATUM ra'tum album, C. Ceti, Unguen'tum adipocerra ceto'rum, Linimen' turn album,Emplas'trum Sperm'- atis Ceti, Spermaceti Cerate, (F.) Cerat de blanc de baleine. (Spermaceti §j» white wax ^iij, ol-'ve oil f^vi. Ph. U. S.) A good emollient to ul- cers, Ac. Ceratum Ceti, Ceratum cetacei — c. Cicutae, Ceratum conii — c. Citrinum, Ceratum resinae. Cera'tum Coni'i, Cera'tum Cicu'tm. (Ung. conii Ibj, cetacei ^ij, cerm albm ^iij-) A formula in Bartholomew's Hospital: occasionally applied to cancerous, scrofulous sores, Ac. Ceratum Epuloticum, Cerate of calamine. Cera'tum Gale'ni, Cera'tum album, C. refrig". erans Gale'ni, Unguen'tum cera'tum, U. amygda- li'num, U. simplex, Emplas'trum ad fontic'ulos, O'leo-cera'tum aqud subac'tum, Cold Cream, (F.) Cerat blanc ou de Galien. ( White wax 4 parts; oil of sxceet almonds 16 parts ; add, when melted, water or rose-water 12 parts. Ph. P.) A mild application to chaps, Ac. Ceratum Labiale Rubrum, Cerate for the lips — c Lapidis calaminaris, Cejate of calamine — c. Lithargyri acetati compositum, Ceratum plumbi compositum — c. Lyttas, Cerate of can- tharides—c. Mercuriale, Unguentum hydrargyri —c. Picatum, Pisselasum. Ceratum Plumbi Compos'itum, Cera'tum Li- thar'gyri Aceta'ti Compos'itum, Goulard's Oint- ment, Cera'tum subaceta'ti plumbi medica'tum, C, Plumbi Subaceta'tis (Ph.U.S.), Cera'tum Satur'- ni, Compound Lead Cerate, Goulard's Cerate, (F.) Cerat de Goulard, G. de Plomb compote. (Liq. plumb, subacet. ^iiss; cerm flavm, ,^iv; ol. oliv. §ix; camphorm, £ss. Ph. U. S.) Its virtues are the same as the next. Ceratum Plumbi Superaceta'tis, Unguen'- tum Oerus'sm Aceta'tm, Cerate of Superaeetate or Sugar of Lead, Cera'tum Plumbi Aeeta'tis, Un- guentum Acetatis Plumbi, (F.) Cerat de suracetate de Plomb. (Acetate of lead, Qy, xchite xvax, 3;ij; olive oil, Ibss.) Cooling and astringent. Ceratum Refrigerans Galeni, Ceratum Ga- leni. Ceratum Resi'nm, C. Resi'nm flavm, C. cit'ri- num, Unguen'tum basilicon flavum, Ung. Resi'nm flavm, Ung. Resino'sum, Resin Cerate or Oint- ment, Yellow Basilicon, Basilicon Ointment. (Resin, flav. ^v; Cera flav. ^ij; Adipis, ^viij; Ph. U. S.) A stimulating application to old ul- cers, Ac. Digestive. Dr. Smellome's Ointment for the Eyes consists of finely powdered verdigris, gss, rubbed with oil, and then mixed with an ounce of ceratum resin m. Ceratum Resi'nm Compos'itum, Compound Resin Cerate, (Resin., Sevi, Cerm flavm, aa Ibj; Terebinth. Ibss; Ol. Lini, Oss. Melt together, strain through linen, and stir till cool. Ph. U. S.) Ceratum Sabi'na3, Unguentum Sabinm, Savine Cerate, (F.) Cerat- de Sabine. (Savine, in pow- der, ^ij; Resin Cerate, ftj. Ph. U. S.) Irrita- tive, ' drawing.' Used in the same cases as the cerate of cantharides. Ceratum Sapo'nis, Soap Cerate, (F.) Cerat de Savon. (Liq. Plumb, subacetat., Oij ; Sapon. Sjvj ; Cerm alba, §x; Ol. olivm, Oj. Boil the solution of subacetate of lead with the soap over a slow fire, to the consistence of honey, then transfer to a water-bath, and evaporate until all the moisture is dissipated; lastly, add the wax, previously melted with the oil, and mix.—Ph. U. S.) It is applied in cases of sprains or fractures. Ceratum Saturni, Ceratum Plumbi composi- tum—c. Simplex, Cerate simple—c. Spermaceti, Ceratum cetacei — c Subacetati plumbi medics*. turn, Ceratum plumbi compositum—c. Tetraphat- macum, Pisselaeum. 13 CERAUNION 190 CEREBRUM Ceratum Zinci Carbonatis, Cerate of Car- bonate of Zinc. (Zinci carbonat. prmparat. gij ; Ung. simpl. 5Jx. Ph. U. S.) Used in the same cases as the Ceratum Calamines. CERAU'NION, from xtpavvog, 'thunder,' 'a thunderbolt' Lapis fulmin'eus. A kind of stone, which was believed to be formed during thunder; and to be possessed of the power of inducing sleep, and numerous other prophylactic virtues. It was rubbed on the knee, breast, Ac, in swell- ings of those parts. CERBERUS TRICEPS, Pulvis cornachini. CERCA'RIA. A genus of agastric, infusory animalcules, one of the most curious of which inhabits the tartar of the teeth. The spermatozoa are presumed by some to belong to this genus. CERCHNASMUS, Cerchnus. CERCHNOMA, Cerchnus. CERCHNUS, Cerchnas'mus, Cerchnum, Cerch- no'ma, from Ktpxvtw, ' I render hoarse.' A rough voice produced by hoarseness. See Rattle. CER'CIS, xepxig. A sort of pestle for reducing Bubstances to powder. Also, the radius or small bone of the arm. See Pilum, and Radius. CER CLE, Circulus—c. de la Choro'ide, Ciliary ligament—c. Ciliare, Ciliary ligament. CERCO'SIS, from xcxpog, 'a tail.' Men'tula mulie'bris, the Clit'oris. Some authors have em- ployed the word synonymously with nymphoma- nia and elongation of the clitoris; and v/ithPoly- pus Uteri, the Sarco'ma Cerco'sis of Sauvages. Cercosis Clitoridis, Clitorism — c. Externa, Clitorism. CEREA, Cerumen. CEREA'LIA, from Ceres, 'goddess of corn.' (F.) Cereales (Plantes.) The cerealia are gra- mineous plants, the seed of which serve for the nourishment of man:—as wheat, barley, rye, Ac. At times, the same term is applied to some of the leguminous plants. CEREBARIA, Carebaria. CEREBEL'LA URI'NA. Urine of a whitish appearance, of the colour of the brain or cerebel- lum, from which Paracelsus thought he could distinguish diseases of that organ. CEREBELLI'TIS, badly formed from cere- bellum, and itis, denoting inflammation. Poren- cephalitis, Inflamma'tio cerebelli. Inflammation of the cerebellum: a variety of phrenitis or ence- phalitis. CEREBEL'LOUS, Cerebello'sus, from cerebel- lum, ' the little brain.' (F.) Cerebelleux. Chaus- sier has given this epithet to the vessels of the cerebellum. These are three in number; two of which are inferior: the larger, inferior cere- belli, which arises from the posterior cerebral or vertebral; and the smaller, whose existence is not constant, from the meso-cephalic or basilary: —the third, called A. cerebelleuse superieure (su- perior cerebelli,) is also a branch of the basilary. Cerebel'lous Ap'oplexy, Apoplex'ia cere- bello'sa : apoplexy of the cerebellum. CEREBEL'LUM, diminutive of Cerebrum; C. parvum,Appen'dix ad cer'ebrum,Cer'ebrumpaste'- riue, Encra'nion, Encra'nis, Epencra'nis, Paren- ceph'alis, Parencepllalus, Encephalium, Enceph'- al is opis'thius, Micrencepha'lium, Micrenceph'a- lum, Little brain, (F.) Cervelet. A portion of the medullary mass, contained in the cavity of the cranium. It fills the lower occipital fossae below the tentorium, and embraces the tuber annulare and medulla. It is composed, like the brain, of vesicular and tubular substance, arranged in laminae, as it were; so that, when a section is made of it, it has an arborescent appearance, called Arbor vitm. The cerebellum is divided Into two lobes or hemispheres or lateral masses, and each lobe is again subdivided into Montic'uli or Lobules. In the cerebellum are to be observed the crura cerebelli, the fourth ventricle, the val- vula magna cerebri, the processus vermicularee, superior and inferior, Ac. CER'EBRAL, Cerebra'lis, (F.) Cerebral, from cerebrum, 'the brain.' Belonging to the brain: similar to brain. Cerebral Apophysis, Pineal gland. Cerebral Ar'teries are three on each side: — the anterior or artery of the corpus callosum, and the middle, arte'ria Sylvia'na, are furnished by the internal carotid : — the postex-ior or poste- rior and inferior artery of the brain, A. profunda cerebri, arises from the vertebral. Chaussier calls these arteries lobaires, because they corre- spond with the anterior, middle, and posterior lobes, whilst he calls the trunks, whence they originate, cerebral. Cerebral Nerves are those which arise with- in the cranium, all of which, perhaps, with the exception of the olfactory, originate from the medulla oblongata. See Nerves. In Pathology, an affection is called cerebral, which specially occupies the brain. Fievre cere- brale, Cerebral fever, is a variety in which the head is much affected. CEREBRIFORM Encephaloid. CEREBROPATHY, see Nervous diathesis. CEREBRO-MALACIA, Mollifies cerebri. CEREBRO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal. A cere- brospinal or cerebrospinant is a neurotic, which exercises a special influence over one or more functions of the brain and spinal cord, and their respective nerves.—Pereira. Cerebro-Spinal Axis, see Encephalon. CEREBRO-SPINANT, Cerebro-spinal. CER'EBRUM or CERE'BRUM. The brain. (F.) Cerveau, Cervelle. This term is sometimes applied to tbe whole of the contents of the cra- nium : at others, to the upper portion ;—the pos- terior and inferior being called cerebellum. The brain, properly so called, extends from the os frontis to the superior occipital fossae. Anterior- ly, it rests on the orbitar vaults : behind this, on the middle fossae of the base of the cranium; and, posteriorly, on the tentorium cerebello super- extensum. The upper surface is divided by a deep median cleft (Scissure interlobaire, — Ch.) into two halves, called hemispheres, which are united at the base by the corpus callosum. At its surface are numerous convolutions. The infe- rior surface exhibits, from before to behind, three lobes, distinguished into anterior, middle, and posterior. The middle is separated from the an- terior by the fissure of Sylvius; and from the posterior, by a shallow furrow which corresponds to the upper portion of the pars petrosa. Inter- nally, the brain has, on the median line, the cor- pus callosum, septum lucidum, fornix, pineal gland, and third ventricle:—and laterally, the late- ral ventricles, in which are the corpora striata, optic thalami, Ac. It is contained in a triple envelope, (see Meninges.) Its texture is pulpy, and varies according to age. Two substances may be distinguished in it—the white, medullary, tubular or fibrous — medulla cer'ebri, and the cortical, cineritious, vesicular, or gray. The former is white; and occupies all the interior and base of the brain. The latter is grayish and softer. It is situate particularly at the surface of the organ. The brain receives several arterial vessels, fur- nished by the internal carotid and vertebral. Its veins end in the sinuses. It is the material organ of the mental and moral manifestations. According to Gall, each part is the special seat of one of those faculties, and the brain and cere- bellum" inclusive, are called by him 'the nervous eystem of the mental faculties.' -See Craniology. CEREFOLIUM 191 CERVISPINA The substance of the nervous system—Neurine has been analyzed by Vauquelin, and found to contain water, 80.00; white fatty matter, 4.53; red fatty matter, called cerebrine, 0.70; osma- zome, 1.12 ; albumen, 7.00 ; phosphorus, 1.50 ; sulphur, acid phosphates of potassa, lime, and magnesia, 5.15. Cerebrum Abdominale, Solar plexus—c. Elon- gatum, Medulla oblongata—c. Parvum, Cerebel- lum—c Posterius, Cerebellum. CEREFOLIUM, Scandix cerefolium—c. His- panicum, Chasrophyllum odoratum—c Sylvestre, Chaerophyllum sylvestre. CEREL.EUM, Cerate. CEREOLUS, Bougie. CERERISIA, Cerevisia. CEREUM MEDICATUM, Bougie. CERE US, Bougie. CEREVIS'IA, quasi Cereris'ia, Cervis'ia, Oe'- lia, Zythus, Zythum, Liquor Cer'eris, Vinum hor- dea'ceum, Bira, Bryton, fipvrov, Barley xoine, from Ceres, 'corn;' whence it is made. Ale (Alia,) Beer, Porter, (F.) Biire, Cervoise. These fluids are drunk by the inhabitants of many countries habitually, and in Great Britain and Germany more than in others. They are nourishing, but not very easy of digestion. The old dispensato- ries contain numerous medicated ales, which are no longer in use. Cerevisia Nigra, see Falltranck. CERFEUIL, Scandix cerefolium — c. Musque, Chasrophyllum odoratum — c. Sauvage, Chasro- phyllum sylvestre. CERION, Favus, Porrigo favosa. CERISIER, Prunus cerasus — c. d Grappes, Prunus padus—c. de Virginie, Prunus Virginiana. CERNIN, SAINT, WATERS OF. St. C is a parish in the diocess of St. Flour, Upper Au- vergne, France. The water is a chalybeate. It is called Eau du Cambon. CERNOS, Capistrum. CEROE'NE, Cerou'ne, or Oiroue'ne, Ceroe'num, from xnpog, 'wax,' and oivog, 'wine.' A plaster composed of yellow wax, mutton suet, pitch, Bur- gundy pitch, bole Armeniac, thus and wine. It was used as a strengthening plaster. Sometimes it contained neither wax nor wine. CEROMA, Cerate. CEROMANTI'A, from xvpog, 'wax,' and uav- rua, ' divination.' The art of foretelling the fu- ture, from the figures which melted wax assumes, when suffered to drop on the surface of water. CERONIUM, Cerate. CEROPIS'SUS, from xnpog, 'wax,' and iriaaa, ' pitch.' A depilatory plaster, composed of pitch and wax. CEROS, Cera. CEROSTROSIS, Hystriciasis. CEROTUM, Cerate. CEROXYLON, see Cera flava et alba. CERUA, Ricinis communis. CERU'MEN, from cera, 'wax.' Ceru'men Au'riurn, Ce'rea, Aurium Sordes,^Sordic'ula au'- rium, Marmora'ta Au'riurn, Cypsele, Ceru'minous Humour, Ear-wax, Cyp'sells, Fu'gile, (F.) Cire des Oreilles. A name given to the unctuous hu- mour, similar to wax in its physical properties, which is met with in the meatus auditorius exter- nus. It is secreted by glands, situate beneath the skin lining the meatus. It lubricates the meatus, preserves the suppleness of the lining membrane, prevents the introduction of bodies floating in the atmosphere, and by its bitterness and unctuousness prevents insects from pene- trating. CERU'MINOUS, Cerumino'sus, (F.) Cerumi- neux. Relating to cerumen. Ceruminous Glands, Ceru'minous Follicles, (F.) Glands cirumineuaes ou Folliculea cirumi- neuses. Glands or follicles which secrete the cerumen. CERUSSA ACETATA, Plumbi superacetas— c. Alba Hispanica, Plumbi subcarbonas—c. Alba Norica, Plumbi subcarbonas — c. Psymmithron, Plumbi subcarbonas — c. Serpentaria, see Arum maculatum. CERUSSE, Plumbi subcarbonas. CERUS'SEA URI'NA. A term used by Para- celsus for the urine, when of a colour like cerusse. CERVARIA ALBA, Laserpitium latifolium. CER VEA U, Cerebrum. CERVELET, Cerebellum. CER VELLE, Cerebrum. CERVI ELAPHI CORNU, Cornu cervi, see Cervus. CER'VICAL, Cervica'lis, from cervix, 'the back of the neck.' Vrache'lian. Every thing which concerns the neck, especially the back part. Cervical Ar'teries are three in number : 1. The ascending, anterior, or superficial, a branch of the inferior thyroid, distributed to the scaleni muscles and integuments. 2. The transverse (Cervico-scapulaire — Ch.,) a branch of the axil- lary artery, or of the subclavian: distributed to the levator scapula, trapezius, Ac. 3. The pos- terior or profound, A. transversa'lis colli, Tra- eheio-cervicale—(Ch.) a branch of the subclavian, distributed to the deep-seated muscles on the an- terior and posterior parts of the neck. See, also, Princeps Cervicis (arteria.) Cervical Gan'glions. The three ganglions of the great sympathetic The cervical glands or lymphatic glands of the neck are, also, so called. See Trisplanchnic nerve. Cervical Lig'aments. These are two in number. 1. The anterior, extending from the basilary process of the occipital bone to the an- terior part of the first cervical vertebra. 2. The posterior or supraspj'nous, Ligamen'turn Nu'cha, which extends from the outer occipital protube- rance to the spinous process of the seventh cer- vical vertebra. In animals with large heads it is very strong. Cervical Nerves are eight in number on each side, and form the eight cervical pairs, which are the first given off from the spinal marrow. Cervical Plexus, Plexus Tracheio-souscutan& (Ch.) The nervous net-work formed by the an- terior branches of the first three cervical nerves, above the posterior scalenus muscle, and at the outer side of the pneumogastric nerve, carotid artery, and jugular vein. Cervical Region, Anterior, Deep, Prever- tebral region. The region of the neck, occupied by three pairs of muscles placed immediately in front of the cervical and three superior dorsal vertebrae :—viz. the rectus capitis anticus major, the rectus capitis anticus minor, and longus colli; —hence termed prevertebral muscles. Cervical Veins have nearly the same distri- bution as the arteries. Cervical Ver'tebh^e. The first seven verte- brae of the spine. CERVICALIS DESCENDENS, see Hypo. glossus and Sacro-lumbalis. CERVICARIA, Campanula trachelium. CERVICI-DORSO-SCAPULAIRE, Rhom boideus—c. Dorso-coatal, Serratus posticus su- perior— c. Dorso-maetoidien et dorso-tracheiien, Splenius—c Masfo'idien, Splenius. CER'VICO-FA'CIAL, Cervi'co-facia'Us. Bo- longing to the neck and face. Cervico-facial Nerve, Nervus cervico-facia- lis. A branch of the facial nerve, distributed to the neck and face. CERVISIA, Cerevisia. CERVISPINA, Rhamnus. CERVIX 1 CERVIX, Collxim. The neck. A neck. Cervix Obstipa, Torticollis—c Uteri, Collum Uteri. CER VOISE, Cerevisia. CERVUS, Cerva. The horn of the Cervus El- aphus, called Cornu, Cervi Elaphi Cornu, Cornu Cervlnum, Hartshorn, (F.) Come de cerf, con- tains 27 parts of gelatin in the 100. A jelly made from the shavings is emollient and nutritive. The Stag's Pizzle, Pria'pus Cervi, was once considered to be aphrodisiac Dose, Qj to gj, in powder. _, Cervus Alces. The Elk, (F.) Elan. The hoof of this animal was anciently used as an anti- epileptic. The animal, it was asserted, was sub- ject to attacks of epilepsy, and always cured them by putting its hoof into the ear. The hoof was also worn as an amulet. Cornu Ustum, Burnt Hartshorn, has been used as an antacid, but it consists of 57 parts of phos- phate, and only one of carbonate of lime. It is, therefore, not of much use. CESARIENNE OPERATION, Cassarean section. CESSATIO MENSIUM, Amenorrhoea. CESTRI'TES. A wine prepared from betony, (Ktorpov, 'betony.') CESTRON, Betonica officinalis. CETA'CEUM, from KVrog, ' a whale.' Album Ceti, Adipoce'ra ceto'sa, Steari'num ceta'ceum, Spermaeeli, (F.) Blanc de Baleine, Cetine, Adi- pocire de Baleine. An inodorous, insipid, white, crystallized, friable, unctuous substance, obtained from the brain of the Physe'ter Macroceph'alus or Spermaceti Whale, and other varieties of whale. S. g. .9433: melts at 112°. It is de- mulcent and emollient, and has been given in coughs and dysentery, but is mostly used in oint- ments, Dose, 5SS to 3iiss> rubbed up with sugar or egg. CETERACH OFFICINARUM, Asplenium ceterach. CETINE, Cetaceum. CETRARIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus. CETRARIN, see Lichen islandicus. CETRARIUM, see Lichen islandicus. CEA^ADILLA HISPANORUM, Veratrum sa- badilla. CEVADILLE, Veratrum sabadilla. CHAA, Thea. CH.EREFOLIUM, Scandix cerefolium. CHiEROPHYL'LUM, from xal?">> '* rejoice,' und ipvXXov, 'a leaf.' Scandix cerefolium. Ch^erophyllum Cerefolium, Scandix cerefo- lium— c Angulatum, Ch.sylvestre. Ch^erophyl'lum Odora'tum, Scandix Odo- ra'ta, Myrrhis Odora'ta seu Major, Cicuta'ria odo- ro'ta, Cerefo'lium Hispan'icum, Sweet Cic"ely, (F.) Cerfeuil musquee ou d'Espagne, has the smell of aniseed, and is cultivated on account of its aromatic properties. Chterophyl'lum Monogynum, Ch. sylvestre— c. Sativum, Scandix. Ch^rophyl'lum Sylves'trB, Cicuta'ria, Cha- rophyl'lum tem'ulum seu monog'ynum seu angu- la'tum seu verticella'turn, Anthris'cus hu'milis seu proc"erus, Cerefo'lium Sylves'tx-e, Bastard Hem- lock, Wild Chervil or Cow-weed, (F.) Cerfeuil sauvage, Persil d'Ane, is a slightly fetid aromatic, but is not used. Ch^erophyllum Temulum, Chaerophyllum syl- vestre—c. Verticillatum, Ch. sylvestre. CH.ETE, Capillus. CHAFING, Erythe'ma Intertrigo, Intertrigo, Paratrim'ma, Paratrip'sis, Diatrim'ma, Attri'ta, Attril'io, from echauffer, ' to heat.' Fret. Ero- fdons of the skin; Attrltua, (F.) Echouffemens, Ecorchures. The red excoriations which occur CHAM.EDRYS in consequence of the friction of parts, or between the folds of the skin, especially in fat or neglected children. Washing with cold water and dusting with hair-powder is the best preventive. AA'hen occurring between the nates and in the region of the perinasum, from long walking,—Intertrigo pod'icis, Proctalgia intertrigino'sa, — it is vul- garly designated by the French Entrefesson. CHAIR, Flesh. CHAIR, OBSTETRIC, Labour chair. CHAISE PERCEE, Lasanum. CHALASIS, Relaxation. CHALASMUS, Relaxation. CHALAS'TICUS, from ^aXaoi, 'I relax.' A medicine proper for removing rigidity of the fibres.—Galen. An emollient or relaxant. CHAL'AZA, Chala'zion, Chalazium, Chalazo'- sis, Poro'sis, Grando, Tophus, Hail, (F.) Grile, Gravelle. A hard, round, transparent tumour, developed in different parts of the body, more especially in the substance of the eyelids.— Also, the Cicatricula of the egg. Generally, how- ever, in the language of ovologists, the chalaza or poles are, in the egg of the bird, the more dense internal layer of the albumen, which ad- heres to the yolk, and is continued, in the form of two spirally twisted bands, towards the extre- mities of the egg. The twisting is considered to be produced by the revolving motion of the egg in its descent through the oviduct. Chalaz^e, see Chalaza. CHALCANTHUM, Ferri sulphas — c. Album Zinci sulphas. CHALCEDONIUS, Cornelian. CHALCITAS, Bismuth. CHALCITES, Colcothar. CHALCOIDEUM, (os), Cuneiform bone. CHALCOS, Cuprum, ^Ireolum. CHALCUS, ^Ereolum. CHALEUR, Heat—c. Acre, see Acrid—c. Ani- mate, Animal beat, see Heat — c. des Animaux, CHALEURS DU FOIE, Heat. CHALINI, see Lip. CHAL'INOPLASTY, Chalinoplas'tice ; from XaXivog, 'fraenum,' 'a bridle,' and irXaoow, '1 form.' The operation for forming a new frasnum. CHALK, Creta — c. Red, Rubrica febrilis—c Stones, Calculi, arthritic. CHALYB'EATE, Chalybea'tus, Ferrugin'eiis, Fcrrugino'sus, Ferra'tus, Martia'lis, Ferru'gi- nous, Mar'tial, (F.) Ferrugineux ; from chalybs, ' iron or steel.' Of, or belonging to iron ; contain- ing iron. Any medicine into which iron enters, as chalybeate mixture, pills, waters, Ac. See AVa- ters, Mineral. CHALYBIS RUBIGO, Ferri subcarbonas. CHALYBS, from Chalybes; a people of Pon- tes, who dug iron out of the earth ; A'cies, Steel. The Proto-carbxiret of iron, (F.) Acier. As a medicine, steel does not differ from iron. Chalybs Tartarizatus, Ferrum tartarizatum. CHAMA, Cheme. CHAM.EACTE, Sambucus ebulus. CHAM.EBATOS, Fragaria. CHAMiECEDRIS. Artemisia santonica. CHAMiECISSUS, Glechoma hederacea. CHAMiECLEMA, Glechoma hederacea — c. Hederacea, Glechoma hederacea. CHAMiECYPARISSUS, Artemisia santonica. CHAM^EDROPS, Teucrium chamasdrys. CHAM^EDRYFTES. A wine, in which the Ten'crium Chamadrys has been infused. CHAMJEDRYS, Rubus chamaemorus,Teucrium Ch., Veronica—c. Incana maritima, Teucrium marum—c. Marum, Teucrium marum—c. Minor repens, Teucrium Ch. — c Palustris, Teucrium scordium — c. Scordium, Teucrium scordium__c Vulgaris, Teucrium Ch. 12 CHAM^GEIRON 193 CHARM CHAMJEGEIRON, Tussilago. CHAMJEL^EAGNUS, Myrica gale. CHAMuELAI'TES. A wine impregnated with Shammlea, Daphne Alpi'na. CHAM.ELEA, Cneorum tricoccum. CHAMELEON ALBUM, Carlina acaulis. CHAM.ELEUCE, Tussilago. CHAAUELINUM, Linum catharticum. CHAM^ELIR'IUM LU'TEUM, Vera'trnm hl- teum, Helo'nias lu'tea, H. Dioi'ca, Devil's Rit, Blazing star ; indigenous ; Order, Melanthaceae ; flowering in June; is acrid. An infusion of the root has been given as an anthelmintic; a tinc- ture, as a tonic. CHAM.EMELUM, Anthemis nobilis — c. Foe- tidum, Anthemis cotula — c. Nobile, Anthemis nobilis—c Odoratum, Anthemis nobilis—c. Vul- gare, Matricaria chamomilla. CHAM^EMORUS, Teucrium chamaepitys, Ru- bus chamasmorus—c. Norwegica, Rubus chamas- morus. CHAM^EPEUCE, Camphorosma Monspeliaca. CHAM.EPITUI'NUM VINUM. A wine, in which the leaves of the Chamm'pitys, Teu'crium Chama'pity e,-ha,ve been infused. CHAMAEPITYS, Teucrium chamaepitys — c. Anthyllus, Teucrium iva—c. Moschata, Teu- crium iva. CHAM^EPLION, Erysimum. CHAM^ERAPH'ANUM, from ^ai, 'on the ground,' and paipavog, 'the radish.' So Paulus of Angina calls the upper part of the root of the Apium. CHAM^E'ROPS SERRAT'ULA, Saw Pal- metto. A farina is prepared from the roots of this plant, which is used by the Indians, in Flo- rida, as diet. CHAMBAR, Magnesia. CHAMBER, Cam'era, (F.) Chambre. A term used in speakiirg of the eye, in which there are two chambers, Came'ra oc'uli: — an ante- rior and a posterior ; (F.) Chambre anterieure et posterieure. The anterior is the space between the cornea and the anterior part of the iris :—the posterior, the space between the iris and anterior surface of the crystalline. They are filled with the aqueous humour, and communicate by the opening in the pupil. CHAM'BERLAIN'S RESTOR'ATIVE PILLS. This nostrum, recommended in scro- fula, and all impurities of the blood, has been analyzed by Dr. Paris, and found to consist of cinnabar, sulphur, sul/ihate of lime, and a little vegetable matter. Each pill weighs 3 grains. CHAMBRE, Chamber. CHAMDRIE, Cannabis sativa. CHAMELEA, Daphne Alpina. CHAMOMILE, DOGS', Matricaria chamomilla — c. Dyers', Anthemis tinctoria — c. German, Matricaria chamomilla — c. Spanish, Anthemis pyrethrum — c. Stinking, Anthemis cotula — c. Wild, Anthemis cotula, Matricaria glabrata. CHAMOMILLA FG3TIDA, Anthemis cotula — c. Nostras, Matricaria chamomilla—c. Ro- mana, Anthemis nobilis — c. Spuria, Anthemis cotula. CHAMPACA, Michelia champaca. CHAMPIGNON, Fungns —c. de VAppareil des Fractures, Clavaria—c. de Couche, see Agaric — c. de Malte, Cynomorion coccineum. CHANCELAGUA, Canchalagua. CHANCRE, (F.) Ulcus canero'sum, Ulcus'cu- lum cancro'sum. A sore, which arises from the direct application of the venereal virus; hence it is almost always seated, in men, on the penis. The French use the word Chancre, in popular language, for cancerous ulcers, the malignant aphthae of children, Ac. Formerly, the terms 13 Car'oli and Ca'ries pudendo'rum were used for venereal pustules or sores on the parts of gene- ration. , CHANCRE LARVE. A concealed chancre, such as has been supposed by M. Ricord to give occasion to gonorrhoea virulenta. CHANCREUX, Chancreuse, (F.) Canero'sua, Carcino'des. Having the nature of chancre, or of cancer. Bouton Chancreux. A small tumour of a can- cerous nature, which makes its appearance on the face—most frequently on the upper lip—Noli me tangere. v CHANT DES ARTE RES Sifflement module. CHANVRE, Cannabis sativa — c. Indien, Bangue. CHAOMANTI'A. The alchymists meant, by this word, the art of predicting the future from observation of the air. The word Chaos was used by Paracelsus for the air; (pavrtia, 'divi- nation.') CHAOSDA, Plague. CHAPER ONDE MOINE, Aconitum napellus. CHAPITEAU, Alembic. CHAPPEDONADE, Chappetonade. CHAPPETONADE, Chappedonade, (F.), Vom'itus rabio'sus. Vomiting accompanied by furious delirium, attacking strangers in hot countries. CHARACTER, xapaxrnp, 'A mark or impres- sion.' (F.) Caractere. In Pathology it is used synonymously with stamp or appearance. We say, "A disease is of an unfavourable character," " The prevailing epidemic has a bilious charac- ter," Ac. In Mental Philosophy it means — that which distinguishes one individual from another, as regards his understanding and passions. See Symbol. CHARA'DRIUS. .Elian thus calls a bird, which was reputed to cure jaundicev The word now means the plover. CHARANTIA, Momordica elaterium. CHARBON, Anthrax carbo. CHARRONNEUX, Anthracoid. CHARCOAL, Carbo — c. Animal, Carbo ani- malis. CHARDON AUX AXES, Onopordium acan- thium—c. Benit, Centaurea benedicta—c. a Bon- netier, Dipsacus fullonum — c. EtoiU, Centaurea calcitrapa — c. d Foulon, Dipsacus fullonum—c. Hemorrhoidal, Cirsium arvense—e. Marie, Car- duus Marianus—c. Roland. Eryngium campestre. CHAR'LATAN, from I tal. ciar lore, 'to talk much;' Circula'tor,Circumfora'neus,Periodeu'tes, Pseudomed'icus, Agyr'ta, Anacyc'/eon, A Quack, an Empirical Pretender, an Emp'irie. Origi- nally, one who went from place to place to sell a medicine, to which he attributed marvellous properties. By extension—any individual, who endeavours to deceive the public by passing him- self off as more skilful than he really is. Ac- cording to Manage, the word comes from cix-cu- latanus, a corruption of circulator. CHAR'LATANRY, Agyr'tia, Ranau'sio, the conduct or action of a charlatan. (F.) Charla- tanerie, Charlatanisme, Quackery, Empiricism. CHARLOCK, Sinapis arvensis. CHARM, Lat. Carmen, 'a verse,' because charms often consisted of verses, whence comes the Italian, Ciarma, (F.) Chorine, with the same signification. Cetnta'tio, Incantamen'tnm. A trick, a spell, an enchantment. A sort of magic, or super- stitious practice, consisting of words, characters, Ac, by which it was believed, that individuals might be struck with sickness or death, or bo restored to health. The following are specimens of old charms— verse charms: CHARNIJ2RE Fbr stanching Rlood, (Pepys.) Sanguis mane in te Sicut Christus fuit in se ; Sanguis inane in tua vena Sicut Christus in sua poena; Sanguis inane fixus, Sicut Christus quando fuit crucifixus. For Cramp, (Pepys.) Cramp be thou taintless, As our lady was sinless, When she bare Jesus. For the Foot when asleep, (Coleridge.) Foot! foot! foot! is fast asleep! Thumb! thumb! thumb! in spittle we steep; Crosses three we make to ease us, Two for the thieves, and one for Christ Jesus. The same charm served for cramp in the leg, with this substitution: The devil is tying a knot in my leg! Mark, Luke, and John, unloose it, I beg!— Crosses three, &c. For a Rurn, (Pepys.) There came three angels out of the East; The one brought fire, the other brought frost. Out fire; in frost. Iu the name of the Father and Son and Holy Ghost. Amen. CHARNIERE, Ginglymus. CHARNU, Carneous. CHARPIE, Linteum — c. Brute, see Linteum —c. Rupee, see Linteum. CHARTA ANTIARTHRITICA, Gout paper —c. Antirheumatica, Gout paper—c. Vesicatoria, see Sparadrapum Vesieatorium — c. Virginea, Amnios. CHARTRE, Tabes mesenterica. CHAS, (F.) Aciis fora'men. The eye of a needle. Sometimes, this opening is near the point of the instrument, as in the ligature needle. CHASCHISCH, see Bangue. CHASME, Yawning. CHASPE, Variola. CHASSE (F.), Manu'brium. A kind of handle composed of two movable laminae of horn, shell, or ivory, united only at the extremity, which holds the blade of the instrument, — as in the common bleeding lancet. CHASSIE (F.), Lemu, Lippo, Glama, Gleme, Gra'mia, Lemos'itas ; the gum of the eye. A se- baceous humour, secreted mainly by the follicles of Meibomius, which sometimes glues the eyelids together. CHASSIEUX (F.) Lippus; covered with Ghassie—as Paupieres ehassieuses. CHASTE TREE, Vitex. CHATAIGNE, see Fagus castanea—c. d'Eau, Trapa natans. GHATAIGNIER COMMUN, Fagus castanea — c. Nain, Fagus castanea pumila. CHATEAU-LANDON, AVATERS OF. A town three leagues from Nemours, in France. The waters contain alum and iron. CHATEAU-SALINS, AVATERS OF; a town in the department of La-Meurthe, France. The waters contain carbonate of lime, sulphates of lime and magnesia, and chlorides of magnesium and sodium. CHATELDON, MINERAL WATERS OF. Chateldon is in the department of Puy-de-D6me, France. The waters contain carbonic acid and iron. CHATEL-GUYON, MINERAL AVATERS OF. A village in France, in the department Puy-de- Dome, near which there are five thermal acidu- lous springs. Temperature, 86° Fahrenheit. CHAT.ON (F.), 'a husk.' In pathology, it means mfunda or cavity formed by the irregular or hour-glass contraction of the uterus, in which 14 CHEESE the placenta is often retained or enchatonni after the birth of the child. It is detected by passing the fingers along the cord as far as the part which is contracted, when the placenta will not be dis- coverable. The treatment consists in relaxing by a large dose of an opiate, then passing the fingers along the cord, and gradually dilating the opening through which it passes, until it permits the hand to go through. The placenta must then be grasped and gently withdrawn. CHA TON, Vaginal process. CHATONNE, CALCUL, (F.) Calculus incar- cera'tus, Eucys'ted Calculus, Calcul enkyste. A urinary calculus, adherent to the inner surface of the bladder, so that it is immovable, and can- not pass to the different parts of that organ. This happens when calculi form in some natural or accidental cavity of the bladder; or when the organ, by ulceration, gives rise to fungi, which surround the calculus; or when it is lodged in the orifice of the ureter or urethra. CHATONNE, PLACENTA, (F.) The pla- centa when retained as above described. See Choton. CHATONNEMENT, (F.) Incarcera'tio, Cha- tonnement du placenta, Enkystement.—Hour-glass contraction of the uterus. See Chaton. CHATOUILLEMENT, (F.) This word some- times means the action of tickling or titillation (Titilla'tio,) and, at others, the sensation which gives rise to the action (Pruritus,) Itching. CHAT RE, Castratus. CHATRURE, Castration. CHA IDEA U, Caudle. CHAUDEBOURG, MINERAL WATERS OF. C. is three quarters of a league from Thionville, in France. The waters contain iron, sulphate of lime, sulphate of magnesia, and carbonate of lime. CHAUDEPISSE, Gonorrhoeaimpura—c. Cor- dee, Gonorrhoea cordate — c. Tombee dans lea Bourses, Hernia humoralis. CHAUDES-AIGUES, MINERAL WATERS OF. A small town in the department of Cantal, France, where there is a number of saline springs containing carbonic acid, carbonate of soda, and chloride of sodium. Temp. 190° Fahrenheit. CHA UDIERE, see Alembic. CHAUFFOIR (F.), Linteum Calefocto'rium. According to the Academic, a warmed cloth, used either for the purpose of warming a patient, or to apply to a female recently delivered. CHAUSSE, (F.) Chaussed'Hijipocrate,Ma.nche d'Hippocrate, Man'ica Hippoc'ratis, Man'ica, Hippocrates' Sleeve. A conical bag, made of flannel, for straining liquids. CHAUSSE-TRAPPE, Centaurea calcitrapa, CHAUVETE, Calvities. CHAUX, Calx—c. Richlorure de, Calcis chlo- ridum—c. Chlorure de, Calcis chloridum—c. Hy- drochloride de, Calcis murias — e. Hydrosulfate de, Calcis sulphuretum — c. Muriate de, Calcis murias — c. Muriate oxigene de, Calcis chloridum — c. Muriate suroxigene de, Calcis chloridum — c. Oxichlorure de, Calcis chloridum — c. Oximu- riate de. Calcis ebloridum—c. Vive, Calx viva. CHECKER-BERRY, Arbutus uva ursi. CHEEK, Gena. CHEESE, Sax. cere, (L.) Ca'seus, Tyros,Peete, (F.) Fromage. An aliment, prepared from the caseous and oleaginous parts of milk. Fresh cheeses owe their chief medical properties to the immediate principle, essentially cheesy, to which the name ca'seum or ca'sein has been applied. Those, which have been recently salted, are di- gested with comparative facility. The flavour 1! CHEESE of cheese is owing to an ammoniacal caseate. On the whole, cheese itself is not easy of diges- tion, although it may stimulate the stomach to greater exertion, and thus aid in the digestion of other substances. CHEESE RENNET, Galium verum. CHEE'SY, Casea'riua, Caseo'sus, Tyro'des, (F.) Caseux ou Caseeux. Having the nature of cheese. CHEF, Bandage (tail.) CHEGOE, Ghique. CHEGRE, Ghique. CHEIU'TIS, Chill'tis, from xeiXoy, 'a lip.' Inflammation of the lip. See Chilon. CHEILOCACE, from^eiAoy, 'a lip,' and Kaxog, 'evil.' Labrisulcium. A disease, characterized, it is said, by swelling, induration, and slight red- ness of the lips without inflammation; reputed, but without any authority, to be common in England and Scotland, amongst children. Also, the thickness of the upper lip of scrofulous chil- dren. See Stomacace, and Cancer aquatieus. CHEILOCARCINO'MA, from ^siXo*, 'a lip,' and KapKifwpa, 'a cancer.' Cancer of the lip. CHEILOMALACIA, Cancer aquatieus, Sto- macace. CHEILON, Chilon. CHEILON'CUS, Cheilophy'ma, from xcl*°<> ' lip,' and oyxog, ' swelling.' A swelling of the lip. CHEILOPHYMA, Cheiloncus. CHEILOPLAS'TICE, Chiloplas'tice, from X£«- Xos, ' lip,'and irXaar^mg, 'forming.' The opera- tion for arr artificial lip. CHEILOS, Lin. CIIEIMA, Cold. CHEIMETLON, Chilblain. CHEIMIA, Rigor. CIIEIR, Manus. CHEIRAN'THUS CHEIRI, from Xtlh 'the hand,' and anno, 'I touch.' A troublesome symptom in the itch. CHEIRIATER, Surgeon. CHEIRIS'MA, Cheiris'mus. The act of touch- ing :—handling. Any manual operation. CHEIRIXIS, Surgery. CHEIRONOM'IA, Chironom'ia, from xu9°- voptu), ' I exercise with the hands.' An exercise, referred to by Hippocrates,which consistedin using the hands, as in our exercise of the dumb-bells. CHEIROPLETHES, Fasciculus. CIIEIROSIS, Subactio. CHELA, Chele. This word has several signi- fications. Chela, a forked probe used for extract- ing polypi from the nose. Chela — chaps, or cracks on the feet, organs of generation, Ac. Chelm likewise means claws, especially those of the crab. See Cancrorum Chelae. Chel.e Palpebrarum, see Tarsus. CHELAPA, Convolvulus jalapa. CHELE, Chela. CHELIDOINE GRANDE, Chelidonium ma- jus—c. Petite, Ranunculus ficaria. CHELIDON, xtXiiW, the hollow at the bend of the arm ; Hirundo. CHELIDONIA ROTUNDIFOLIA MINOR, Ranunculus ficaria. CHELIDONIUM, Bryonia alba—c. Haemato- des, Ch. majus. Chelido'nium Majus, Ch. hmmato'des, from YtXthov, ' a swallow,' because its flowering coin- cides with the appearance of the swallow. Pa- pa'ver Cornicula'turn, P. lu'teum, Common Cel- andine, Tetterwort, ( F. ) Chetidoine grande, L'Eclaire. Family, Papaveraoeae. Sex. Syst. 5 CHEMOSIS Polyandria Monogynia. The root and recent plant have been considered aperient and diuretic. Externally, the juice has been employed in some cutaneous diseases. Chelidonium Minus, Ranunculus ficaria. CHELIDO'iNIUS LAPIS. A name given to stones, which, it was pretended, existed in the stomach of young swallows. They were formerly believed capable of curing epilepsy. CHELOID^ Cancroid. CHELO'NE, x^wvi> 'a tortoise.' An instru- ment for extending a limb; so called, because in its slow motions, it resembled a tortoise.—Oriba- sius. See Testudo. Chelo'ne Glabra, Common Snake head, Tur- tle head, Turtle bloom, Shellfloxoer, Balmony. An indigenous plant, Sex. Syst. Didynamia angio- spermia; blossoming from July to November. The leaves are bitter and tonic; without any aro- matic smell, and with very little astringency. C H E L 0' N IA M Y D A S, The Green Turtle. This species of turtle abounds on the coast of Florida. It is the one so prized by the epicure. CHELO'NION, Chelo'nium, from x^-"">, 'a tortoise,' from its resembling in shape the shell of that animal. The upper, gibbous part of the back.—Gorrasus. The scapula. CHELOXOPH'AGI, from ^tXwvi;, 'the tor- toise,' and ipayio, ' I eat.' An ancient name for certain tribes, who dwelt on the coasts of the Red Sea, and who lived only on tortoises. — Pliny, Diodorus of Sicilv. CHEL'SEA PEN'SIONER. An empirical re- medy for rheumatism and gout, sold under this name. (Gum. guaiac, ^j ; powdered rhubarb, £ij; cream of tartar, ^j ; floxcers of sulphur, ^j ; one nutmeg, finely powdered: made into an electuary with a pound of clarified honey.) Dose, two spoonfuls. CHELTENHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF. C. is a town in Gloucestershire, England, nine miles from Gloucester, and 94 W. of London. Its water is one of the most celebrated natural purgatives in England. It is a saline, acidulous chalybeate, and is much frequented. Its main constituents are chloride of sodium, sulphate of soda, sulphate of magnesia, carbonic acid and carbonate of iron. Cheltenham Salts. These are sometimes made from the waters; at others, factitiously. The following is a formula : Sodii chlorid., mag- nes. sulphat., sodm sulph., aa tbj : dissolve, filter, evaporate to dryness; then add Ferri sulph., ^ss. Cheltenham AVater, Artificial, may be made of Epsom salt, gr. xij ; iron filings, gr. j; Glauber's salt, ^iv; water, 4 gallons; impreg- nated with the gas from marble powder and sul- phuric acid, aa -ij. CIIELYS, Thorax. CIIELYS'CION, from xsAus, 'the chest' A short, drycough.—Galen, Hippocrates, Foesius. CIIEME, Chama, Che'ramis. An ancient meet- sure, equivalent to about two teaspoonfuls. CHEMEUTICE, Chymistry. CIIEMIA, Chymistry. CIIEMIATEli, Chymiater. CHEMIATRIA, Chymiatria. CIIEMICO-HISTOLOGY, see Chymico-hia- tology. CHEMICUS, Chymical, Chymist. CHEMIST, Chymist. CHEMISTRY, Chymistry. CIIEMO'SIS, from xif'h 'an aperture,' or from Xvh°s> ' a humour.' A name given to ophthalmia, when the conjunctiva, surrounding the dlmea, forms a high ring, making the cornea seem, as it were, at the bottom of a well. By some, it is used synonymously with ophthalmia, .ucmbrana- rum. See Ophthalmia. 18 CHEMOTICE 1! CHEMOTICE, Chymistry. CHEMOTICUS, Chymical. CHENAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Che- nay is a town in France, two leagues from Rheims. The waters are chalybeate. CHENE, Quercus alba—c. Marin, Fucus vesi- culosa—c. Petit, Teucrium chamaedrys—c. Vert, Ilex aquifolium. CHENE VIS, see Cannabis sativa. CHENOBOSCON, Potentilla anserina. CHENOCOPRUS, from x»", 'a goose,' and Koitpog, ' dung.' The dung of the goose is so de- signated in some old Pharmacopoeias. It was formerly employed as a febrifuge and diuretic. CHENOPODIUxM AMBROSIACUM, Ch.am- brosioides. Chenopo'dium Ambrosioi'des, Ch. suffructico'- eum, from xiv> 'a goose,' and irovg, ' a foot;' Bo- trys Mexica'na, Alriplex Mexica'na, Chenopo'- dium ambroaiacum seu Mexica'num, Botrys, Am- brosio'i'des Mexica'na, Botrys America'na, Arte- mis'ia Botrys, Mexico Tea, Spanish Tea, (F.) Anserine, The du Mexique, Ambrosie du Mexique. The infusion was once drunk as tea. It has been given in paralytic cases ; and in the United States is said to be used as an anthelmintic indiscrimi- nately with Ch. anthelminticum. Chenopo'dium Anthelmin'ticum, Chenopo'- dium, Botrys anthelmin'tica, Wormseed, Worm- goosefoot, Wormseed goosefoot, Jerusalem Oak of America, Goosefoot, Stinkweed, (F.) Anserine an- thelmintique, A. vermifuge. This plant grows plentifully in the United States. The fruit— Chenopodium, (Ph.U.S.)—is much used in cases of worms. Dose of the powder, from a teaspoon- ful to a tablespoonful or more. The oil, O'leum Chenopo'dii, (Ph. U. S.), from 8 to 10 drops, is more frequently exhibited. It is as much used in America as the Semen Santon'ici is in England. Chenopo'dium Bonus Henri'cus, Chrysolach' - anum, Mercuria'lis, Bonus Henri'cus, Tota bona, Lap'athum unctuo'sum, Chenopo'dium, Ch. sagit- ta'tum, Pes anseri'nus, English Mercury, Allgood, Angular-leaved goosefoot, ( F. ) Anserine Bon Henri, Epinard sauvage. The leaves are emol- lient, and have been applied to ulcers, Ac. It has also been considered refrigerant and ecco- protic Chenopo'dium Botrys, Botrys, Botrys vulga'- ris, Ambro'sia, Artemis'ia Chenopo'dium, Alri- plex odora'ta, Alriplex suav'eolens; the Jerusa- lem Oak, (Eng.) (F.) Anserine Botrye, possesses anthelmintic properties, and was once given in diseases of the chest, palsy, Ac. It is useless. Chenopodium Fcstidum, Chenopodium vulva- ria—c. Olidum, Ch. vulvaria. Chenopodium Quinoa, Quinua. A nutritious, wholesome, and agreeable article of food with the Peruvians. The leaves, before the plant attains maturity, are eaten as spinach : bu.t the seeds are most generally used as food, boiled in milk or broth, and sometimes cooked with cheese and Spanish pepper. Chenopodium Sagittatum, Ch. Bonus Henri- cus—c. Suffructicosum, Ch. ambrosioides. Chenopodium Vulva'ria, Alriplex fce'tida, Alriplex olida, Vulva'ria, Garos'mum, Raphex, Chenopo'dium Foe'tidum seu olidum, Stinkixxg Orach or Goosefoot, (F.) Vulvaire, Arroche pu- ant, Anserine fetide. The fetid smell has occa- sioned it to be used as an antispasmodic and nervine. CHEOPINA, Cheopine. CHEQUERBERRY, Gaultheria. CHERAMIS, Cheme. CHERBACHEM, Veratrum album. fHERBAS, Lettuce. CHICKEN-WATER CHERMES, Kermes. CHERNIBIUM, Urinal. CHERRY, BIRD, Prunus padus —c. Tree, red, Prunus cerasus — c. Tree, black, Prunus avium — o. Tree, wild, Prunus Virginiana — c. Water, Kirschwasser — c. Wild cluster, Prunua padus—c. Winter, Physalis. CHERS.E, Faeces. CHERVIL, Scandix cerefolium—c. Wild, Chao- rophyllum sylvestre. CHESIS, from xi£uv> ' *° 8° *° stool.' A more frequent desire to evacuate the bowels. CHEST, Thorax. CHEST-EXPLORATOR, see Explorator, chest. CHESTNUT TREE, Fagus castanea. CHEVAUCHEMENT, (F.) Os'sium superpo- sit"io vel equita'tio, Parallax'is, Parallag'ma, The riding of one bone over another after frac- ture, giving rise to shortening of the limb. See Riding of Bones. CHEVELURE, Scalp. CHEVESTRE, Ohevetre, Capis'trum, from caput, ' the head.' A bandage, applied round the head in cases of fracture or luxation of the lower jaw. According to the mode in which it is made, it is called simple, double, oblique, Ac. CHEVEU, Capillus. CHEVILLE DU PIED, Malleolus. CHE VRE-FEU IDLE, Lonicera pericly- menum. CHEYLETUS SCABIEI, see Psora: CHEZANAN'CE, from Xe&, ' I go to stool,' and avayKn, 'necessity.' An ointment composed of honey and alum, and rubbed on the anus to occasion evacuation.—Paulus of JEgina. CHIA, Chia terra, from Chios, an island where it was found. A kind of white earth, formerly used for burns.—Galen. CHI'ACUM COLLYR'IUM. A collyrium con- sisting of several drugs and Chian wine.—Paulus of iEgina. CHI AD US, Furunculus. CHIAS'MUS, Ohias'ma, Chiasm, from xiafa, to form like the letter x- The crucial union of parts, — as the optic commissure or chiasm of the optic nerves,—Chias'mus seu Chios'ma nervo'rum optico'rum. CHIASTER, Kiaster. CHIAS'TOS. Same etymon. A bandage so called because it resembles the letter x- — Ori- basius. CHIBOU, see Bursera gummifera. CHICHA. A drink made in Peru with Indian meal dried in the sun, and fermented with water. Its taste is that of bad cider. It is also made from rice, peas, barley, Ac CHICKEN-BREASTED, see Lordosis. CHICKEN-BROTH. When chicken-tea is boiled down one-half, with the addition of a little parsley or celery, and the yolk of an egg previ- ously beaten up in two ounces of soft water, it forms a soup much relished by the convalescent. CHICKEN-PEPPER, Ranunculus abortivus. CHICKENPOX, Varicella. CHICKEN-TEA, Chicken-water. This maybe prepared as follows : Take a small chicken, freed from the skin and fat between the muscles; and, having divided it longitudinally, remove the lungs, liver, and every thing adhering to the back and side-bones : cut the whole—bones and muscles — into very thin slices; put into a pan with a sufficient quantity of boiling water; cover the pan; and simmer with a slow fire for two hours. Put the pan upon the stove for half an hour, and strain through a sieve. Used where the lightest animal diet is indicated. CHICKEN-AVATER, Chicken-tea. 16 CHICKWEED 197 CHIRONIA CHICKWEED, Alsine media. OHIOOREE DES JARDINS, Cichorium en- divia—c. Sauvage, Cichorium intybus. CHIENDENT, Triticum repens. CHIGGO, Chique. CHIGGRE, Chique. CHIGOE, Ghique. CHIL'BLAIN, Per'nio, Bugan'tia, Erythe'ma Per'nio, Erythe'ma d Frlgore, Cheimet'lon, Chi- met'lum, Chimon, Malce, from chill, 'cold,' and Main, 'a pustule.' (F.) Engelure. An erythe- matous inflammation of the feet, — hands, Ac, occasioned by cold. It is very common in youth —not so in the adult or in advanced age. It is apt to degenerate into painful, indolent ulcera- tions, called Kibes. Chilblains are prevented by accustoming the parts to exposure; and are treated by stimulant, terebinthinate and balsamic washes, ointments, and liniments. CHILD-BEARING, Parturition. CHILD-BED, Parturient. CHILD-BED FEVER, Puerperal fever. CHILD-BIRTH, Parturition. CHILD-CROAVING, Asthma thymicum. CHILDHOOD, Infancy. CHILD-MURDER, Infanticide. CHILDREN'S BANE, Cicuta maculate. CHILI, see Lima. CHILI, MINERAL WATERS OF. The most celebrated mineral springs of Chili, in South Ame- rica, are those of Peldehues and Cauquenes. The former are not far from St. Jago. They consist of two springs, one thermal, the other cold. The hot spring is clear, inodorous, and contains soda and carbonic acid. The cold spring contains iron and sulphate of soda. Cauquenes is much re- sorted to by invalids during the summer. Mine- ral waters are very common in Chili. CHILIOGRAMMA, Kilogramme. CHILIOPHYLLON, Achillea millefolium. CHILITES, Cheilitis. CHILL, Rigor. CHI'LON, Chei'lon, Cheilitis, from xtl^0(< 'a lip.' Inflammation of the lips.—Vogel. One who has a thick lip; Labeo, Lobes. CHILOPLASTICE, Cheiloplastice. CHIMAPHILA, Pyrola umbellate, CHIMETLUM, Chilblain. CHIMIA, Chymistry. CHIMIATER, Chymiater. CHIMIATRIA, Chymiatria. CHIMIE, Chymistry. CHIMISTE, Chymist. CHIMON, Chilblain, Cold. CHINA, Cinchona, Smilax china — c. Ameri- can or West India, Smilax pseudo-china—c. Oe- cidentalis, Smilax pseudo-china — c. Orientalis, Smilax china — c. Ponderosa, Smilax china — c. Root, Smilax china — c Spuria nodosa, Smilax pseudo-china—c. Vera, Smilax china. CHINCAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila — c. Water, Nelumbium luteum. CHINCHE, Cimex. CHINCHINA, Cinchona. CHINCHUNCHULLI, Ionidium marcucci. CHINCOUGH, Pertussis. CHINESE, MEDICINE OF THE, Medici'na Sin'ica. Medicine has been long, but most im- perfectly, practised by the Chinese. From their therapeutics we have obtained the old operations of acupuncture and moxibustion. CHUNG'S WORM LOZENGES, see Worm Lozenges, Ching's. CHININUM, Quinine. See Chinium. CHINIO'IDINE, Chino'idine, Chinoidi'na, Quinoidine; from China, 'Cinchona.' A substance presumed to be an alkaloid by SertUrner, who separated it from cinchona. It has been sup- posed to be a mixture orriuinia, cinchonia, and a peculiar resinous matter, but according to Liebig it is simply the alkaloid quinia in an amorphous state. CHINIUM ACETICUM, Quiniae acetas —c Arsenicosuin, Quiniae arsenias—c Citricum, Qui- niae citras — c Ferrocyanogenatum, Quinias Fer- rocyanas — c. Hydrochloricum, Quiniae, murias — c Hydroiodieum, Quinias hydriodas — c. Lac- ticum, Quiniae lactas — c Muriaticum, Quiniae murias — c Nitricum, Quiniae nitras — c. Phos- phoricum, Quinias phosphas — c. Salitum, Qui- nias murias — c. Sulphuricum, Quinias sulphas — c. Tannicum, Quiniae et Cinchoniae tannas— c. Valerianicum, Quinias valerianas. CHINNEYWEED, Lichen roccella. CHINOLEINUM, Leukoleinum. CHINQUAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila. CHINWHELK, Sycosis. CHIOCOCCE RADIX, Caineas radix. CHIOLI, Furunculus. CHION, Snow. CHIQUE, (F.) Puce penetrante, Pulex Pen'- etrana, Tick, Chiggre, Chig'oe, Chiggo, Chegre, Cheg'oe, Jigger. A small insect in America and the Antilles, which gets under the epidermis, and excites great irritation. CHIR, Manus. CHIRAETA, Gentiana chirayta. CHI'RAGRA, from xu?> 'hand,' and aypa, 'a seizure.' Gout in the hand. CHIRAPOTHECA, Arsenal. CHIRAPSIA, Friction. CHIRARTHRI'TIS, from Xcip, 'hand,' apBpov, 'joint,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- mation of the joints of the hand. CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chirayta. CHIRAYTA, Gentiana chirayta. CHIRETTA, Gentiana chirayta. CHIRHEUMA, Chirrheuma. CHIRIATER, Surgeon. CHIRIATRIA, Surgery. CHIRIMOYA, Anona tripetala. CHIRISIS, Surgery. CHIRISMUS, Surgery. CHIRIXIS, Surgery. CHIROCYRTO'SIS, from x"?> 'tbe hand,' and Kvprwoig, ' crookedness.' Crookedness of the hand. CHI'ROMANCY, Chiromanti'a, Vaticin'ium chiroman'ticum, Palm'istry, from X£lP> 'the hand,' and pavrtia, ' divination.' (F.) CMromancie. Art of divining by inspection of the hand. CHIRONAX, Surgeon. CHIRO'NIA, (from Chiron, Xtipov, the Cen- taur, who is said to have discovered its use.) A genus of plants. Fam. Gentianeas. Chiro'nia Angula'ris, Amer'ican Cen'taury, Roeepink, Wild Suc'cory, Ritterbloom., Centry, Sabba'tia, S. Angula'rie. Every part of this plant is a pure and strong bitter, which property is communicated alike to alcohol and water. It is used as a tonic and stomachic. Chiro'nia Centau'rium, Centau'rium minus seu vulga're, Centau'rium parvum, Gentia'na cen- tau'rium seu Gerar'di, Centau'rium minus, Ery- thrm'a Centau'rium, Hippocentaurea centau'rium, Centau'reum, Centau'ris, Smaller Cenlaury, Les- ser Centaury, (F.) Centauree petite. The tops of the lesser Centaury, Centau'rii Cacxlmina, are aromatic and tonic, and are sometimes employed as such. Chiro'nia Chilen'sis, Gentia'na Cachen- lahuen, Cachen-lognen, Ghachinlagua, Chancela- gua, Erythrm'a Chilensia, Gentia'na Perucia'na. A very bitter plant, indigenous in Chili. It pos- sesses the virtues of the Chironem. Given im in- fusion—(^j, to water Oj.) CHIRONIUM 198 CHLOROSIS CniRONI'UM, front x*-lP0V> 'the hand,' and iroug, 'the foot.' CHIRORRHEUMA, Chirrheuma. CIIIROSIS, Subactio. CHIROSTROPHO'SIS, from Xt 'the hand,' and Qnxrj,' a sheath.' A bandage for the hand. A kind of bandage in which the fingers and hand are enveloped in spiral turns. AVhen the whole hand and fingers are covered, it is called the double or complete Chirotheca, Ch. comple'ta, Vinctu'ra omnibua dig"itis; and when only a finger is covered, the half or incomplete, Ch. incomple'ta, Vinctu'ra pro uno diy"ito. See Gantelet. CHIROTRI'BIA, from xuP> 'the hand,' and rpipw, ' I rub.' Friction with the hand. Accord- ing to others, dexterity in an art.—Hippocrates, Galen. CIIIRRHEU'MA, Chirorrheu'ma, Rheumatis'- mus manHs, from xuP> 'the hand,' and ptvpa, 'flux.' Rheumatism of the hand. CHIRURGEON, Surgeon. CHIRURGI PHYSICI, see Surgeon. CIIIRURGIA, Surgery—c. Anaplastica, Mo- rioplastice—c. Curtorum, Morioplastice—c. Infu- soria, Infusion of medicines — c. Transfusoria, Transfusion. CHIRURGICUS, Surgical. CHIRURGIE, Surgery—c.Militaire, Surgery, military. CHIRURGIEN, Surgeon—c. Consultant, Con- sulting Surgeon—c. Hernieux, see Hernial. CHIRURGIQUE, Surgical. CHIRURGUS, Surgeon. CHIST. An Arabic word which signifies the sixth part. The sixth part of the Congiua or gallon. CHITON, Tunic. CHITONISCUS, Indusium. CHITTICK'S NOSTRUM, see Nostrum. CHIUM VINUM. From Chioa, the island where it was produced; Chian wine ; used by the physicians of antiquity in cases of defluxions and oph th almise.—S cribonius Largus. CHLI'AROS, ^Xtapot, 'tepid.' A name given to slight fevers, in which the heat is not great.— Galen. CHLIAS'MA, x^la(!ua> same etymon. A tepid and moist fomentation.—Hippocrates. CHLOAS'MA, Pityriasis versicolor, Mac'- ula hepat'ica, Pannus hepalicua, Hepalizon, Phaze, Pha'cea, Phacua, (F.) Taches hepotiquea, Choleura du foie, Epheiide acorbutique, Liver- spot, from x^00l>> 'a greenish-yellow colour.' A cutaneous affection, characterized by one or more broad, irregular-shaped patches, of a yellow or yellowish-brown colour, occurring most fre- quently on the front of the neck, breast, abdo- men, and groins. The patches do not generally rise above the surface. There is usually some degree of itching. The causes are not very evident. Sulphur ex- ternally—in any and every form—generally re- moves it speedily. Should there be difficulty, the external use of the remedy in baths or fumi- gations may succeed. CHLORA, Chlorine. CHLORAS KALICUS DEPURATUS, Po- «u«s8b murias hyperoxygenatus. CnLORASMA, Chlorosis. CHLO RE, Chlorine—c. Liquide, see Chlorine. CHLORETUM CALCARI^E, Calcis chloridum. CHLORIASIS, Chlorosis. CHLORIC ETHER, CONCENTRATED, see Ether, chloric — c. Ether, Strong, see Ether, chloric. CHLORINE, from ^Xoipos, 'green.' Chlo'rinum, Chlorin'ium, Chloro, Oxymurialic Acid Gas, Oxygenated Muriatic Acid Goa, Dephlogiaticated Marine Acid, Halogene, Mu'rigene, Uhlorum, (F.) Chlore. So far as we know, this is an element- ary substance. It is a greenish, yellow gas, of a strong suffocating smell, and disagreeable taste; incapable of maintaining combustion and respira- tion, and very soluble in water. One of its cha- racteristics is, that of destroying, almost imme- diately, all vegetable and animal colours. It ia employed in fumigations as a powerful disinfect- ing agent. A very dilute solution, Aqua seu Li- quor Chlo'rini, (F.) Chlore liquide, has been ad- ministered internally, in certain cases of diarrhoea and chronic dysentery. Immersion of the hands and arms in it has often removed itch and other cutaneous affections. It has also been inhaled in a dilute state in the early stage of phthisis, but it is of doubtful efficacy, and is better adapted for chronic bronchitis. Chlorine, Bisulphuret of, Sulphur, chlo- ride of. CHLO'ROFORM, Chloroform'urn, Carbo'neum chlora'tum, Snperchlo'ridum formylicum, Per- chloride and Terchloride of Formyl, called also, but not correctly, Terchloride of Carbon, and Chloric ether, jEther chlo'ricua, (F.) Ohloroforme, so called on account of the connexion of chlorine with formic acid, is a colourless, oleaginous liquid, of a sweetish ethereal odour, hot, aroma- tic, and peculiar taste. The specific gravity of that of the Ph. U. S. is 1.49. It may be ob- tained by distilling from a mixture of chlorinated lime and alcohol,—rectifying the product by re- distillation, first from a great excess of chlori- nated lime, and afterwards from strong sulphuric acid. It has been used with advantage in asthma, and in diseases in which a grateful soothing agent is required. Dose, f^ss to fgj, diluted with water. It has likewise been prescribed with great success as an anaesthetic agent in spasmodic diseases; and to obtund sensibility in surgical operations and in parturition,—especially in the way of in- halation ; but its use requires caution. See Anaesthetic. Chloroform, Tincture of, Ether, chloric. CHLOROFORMIZA'TION, Chloroformiso'tio. The aggregate of anaesthetic phenomena occa- sioned by tbe inhalation if chloroform. CHLOROPHYLLE, Fecula, green. CHLORO'SIS, from x*">P°s> 'green,' Pal'lidua Morbus, Fmdus Vir'ginum color, Pal'lidua color virgin'eus, Pollidus morbus, Pallor vir'ginum, Icteril'ia alba, Ic'terus albus, Leucopathi'a, Mor- bus virgin'eus, Morbus Parthen'ius, Feedi colo'res, Dyspep'sia chloro'sis, Febris amato'ria, Cachtxia vir'ginum, Febris vir'ginum, Febria alba, Anepi- thym'ia chloro'sis, Chloras'ma, Chloros'ma, Chlo- ri'asis, Citto'sis, Green-sickness, (F.) Chlorose, Pdles-couleurs. A disease which affects young females, more particularly those who have not menstruated. It is characterized by a pale, lurid complexion, languor, listlessness, depraved ap- petite and digestion, palpitation, Ac. The dis- ease generally goes off on the occurrence of the menstrual flux; but sometimes it is long before this is established, and, at times, the catamenia are in much larger quantity than usual. To thia last form M. Trousseau has given the name chlo- rose hemorrhagique. CHLOROSMA 19 The blood of chlorosis is generally thin, light- coloured, and deficient in red corpuscles ; and the clot is in less proportion to the serum than in health. On auscultation, a bellows' sound has been almost invariably detected over the heart, and a continuous blowing sound in the larger arteries, (especially the carotids and subclavians,) re-enforced by each systole of the ventricle, and resembling the buzzing of a humming-top, the cooing of doves, the whistling of air through a key-hole, Ac, (see Bruit.) Very similar sounds are heard in the arteries after copious hemor- rhage: they seem, therefore, to coincide with en- feebled circulation. Tonics—as iron—are usually required in the treatment, — the disease most commonly occur- ring in those in whom there is considerable torpor of the system. Chlorosis .Ethiopum, Chthonophagia—c. Amatoria, Hectic fever — c. Gigantea, see Poly- sarcia. CHLOROSMA, Chlorosis. CIILOROT'IC, Chlorolicus, (F.) Chlorotique. Affected with chlorosis, or pertaining to chlorosis; ■—as chlorotic female, chlorotic symptoms, Ac. CHLORUM, Chlorine. CHLORURE DE CARBON, Chloroform — c. d'Or, Gold, Muriate of. CHLORURETUM OXIDI CALCII, Calcis chloridum. CHOA, Chu. CHOA'CUM EMPLAS'TRUM NIGRUM. A black plaster, mentioned by Celsus, and composed of equal parts of litharge and resin. The litharge was first boiled in oil. CHOAK, Cynanche trachealis—c. Wolf, Ly- canche. CHOANA, Pelvis — c. Cerebri, Infundibulum of the brain. CHOANE, Infundibulum. CHOANORRHAGIA, Epistaxis. CHOAVA, Coffea Arabica. CHOCOLATA, Chocolate—c. cum Osmazoma, see Osmazome. CHOCOLATE, Chocola'turn, Chocola'ta, Suc- cola'ta, Succoeolla'ta. Dr. Alston says, that this word is compounded from two East Indian words: — choco, 'sound,' and atte, 'water,' be- cause of the noise made in its preparation. An alimentary paste prepared from the kernels of Theobro'ma cacao or Cacao, with sugar, and often aromatics. (See Cacao.) The chocolate thus simply prepared — as it is met with, indeed, in commerce — is called in France Chocolat de eante. It is not very easy of digestion. The chocolat d la vanille contains three ounces of vanilla and two of cinnamon to twenty pounds of common chocolate. The addition of the aro- matic renders it somewhat more digestible. Cho- colates may likewise be medicated. CHOCOLATE, OSMAZOME, see Osmazome. CHOCOLATE ROOT, Geum Virginianum. CHOCUS, Chu. CHG3NICIS, Trepan. CHffiNION, Cord. CHG3N0S, Cord. CH03RAS, Scrofula. CHOIROS, Vulva. CHOKE DAMP, Carbonic acid. CHOLA, Chole. CHOLiE'MIA; from ^oX^, 'bile,' and 'atpa, 'blood.' A morbid state, in which bile exists in the blood. Jaundice. CHOLAGO, Cholas. CHOL'AGOGUE, Cholago'gus, Ghole'gos, Fel- lid'ucus, Bililicus, from ^0X17, 'bile,' and ayu>, 'I expel.' The ancients gave this name to cathar- tics, which were reputed to cause the flow of bile. I 9 CHOLERA CHOLANSIS, Cholosis. CHOLAS, x°Xas, plur. x°^a^- The epigastric region. Ghola'go. The intestines.—Homer. CHOLA.SMA, Cholosis. CHOLE, Cholus, Chola, 'bile,' in composition. HtjncG • CHOLECCHYSIS, Cholen'chysis ; from x»Xv, 'bile,' and tyxvig, 'effusion.' Effusion of bile. CHOLECYST, Gall-bladder. CHOLECYSTEURYS'MA, from x°>"i> 'bile,' xvarig, ' bladder,' and tvpvapa, ' dilatation.' Dila- tation of the gall-bladder. CHOLECYSTl'TIS, Inflamma'tio Vesi'cm fell- em, I. cyst'idis fell em, Cysti'tis fellea, Hepati'tis cyst'ica, from %oXr;, ' bile,' and xvong, ' bladder.' (F.) Inflammation de la Vesicule du Fiel, ChoU- cystite. Inflammation of the gall-bladder. CHOL'EDOCH, Choled'ochus; from ^oXt;, ' bile,' and h>xog, ' containing or receiving.' The Ductus choledochus seu hep'ato-cys'ticus, Ductus communis choledochus, (F.) Conduit ou Canal ChoUdoque, is the duct formed by the union of the hepatic and cystic ducts, which pours the hepatic and cystic bile into the duodenum. CHOLEDOCI'TIS, from choledochus, and itis; a suffix denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the choledoch duct. CHOLEDOG'RAPIIY, choledogra'phia, Cho- legraph'ia, Cholograph'ia, from x°^W> ' bile,' and ypatptiv, 'to describe.' A description of what re- lates to the bile and biliary organs. CHOLEDOL'OGY, Choledolog"ia, Chole- log"ia, Chololog"ia, from x°^V> 'bile,' and Xoyog, ' a discourse.' A treatise on the bile and biliary organs. CHOLEGOS, Cholagogue. CHOLEGRAPHIA, Choledography. CHOLEH.EMIA, Icterus. CHOLEIA, Claudication. CHOLELITHIA, Cysthepatolithiasis—c. Icte- rus, Icterus. CHOLELITHIASIS, Cysthepatolithiasis. CHOLELITHUS, Calculi, biliary. CHOLELOGIA, Choledology. CHOLEMES'IA, Cholem'esis,_ from X<>*>1, 'bile,' and tptoig, 'vomiting.' Vomiting of bile. CHOLENCHYSIS, Cholecchysis. CIIOLEPYRA, Fever, bilious. CHOLEPYRETUS, Fever, bilious. CHOLEPYRRHIN, see Bile. CHOLER, Bile. Anger was supposed to be produced by a superabundance of bile; hence the term Choler for anger. CHOL'ERA, Choiera-morbits, Cholera nostras, Cholera vulga'ris, Sporad'ic Cholera, Choler- rha'gia, Pas'sio choler'ica, Fellif'lna passio, Mor- bus fellif'luua, Hoi'era, Bilia flux'io, (F.) Chola- dr6e lymphatique, Hydrocholadree, Cholera-mor- bus sporadique, Ch. Europe'en, Trousse-galant, from x^ii 'bile,' and ptia, 'I flow.' According to others, from x°^a^£s> ' intestines,' or from y»- Xtpa, 'the gutter of a. house to carry off the rain.' The higher degrees have been called Centrogan- gli'i'tis, and Myel<~^axiglxi'tis. A disease charac- terized by anxiety, gripings, spasms in the legs and arms, and by vomiting and purging (gene- rally bilious :) vomiting and purging are, indeed, the essential symptoms. The disease is most common in hot climates, — and in temptrate cli- mates, during summer. In India, Spasmod'ia cholera, Asialic cholera, Malig'nant ch., In'dian ch., Epidem'ic ch., Pestilen'tial ch., Asphyx'ia pestilen'ta, Pestilen'tial osphyx'ia, ClioleHcPest'- ilence, Eastern ch., Orien'tal ch., Cholera orien- ta'lis, Ch. In'dica, Ch. Epidem'ica, Typhus Ben- galen'sis, Choi'ero-typhus, Ganglionitis pcripher'- Iiea et medulla'ris, Hymenoganglii'tis, Pantogo.n- glii'tis, Gholerrhce'a lympholica, Psorenter'iaf 19 00 CHONDROID CHOLERAIC 2( Typhoid Fever of India, Cholera asphyxia, Hy- pe ranthrax'is, Enterop'yra Asiat'ica, Trisplanch'- nia, Triaplanchni'tia, Hmmatoporrho' sis, Hmma- torrho'aia, Morbus oryzeus, Malignant Cholera, Convulsive nervous Cholera, Rice disease, (because supposed by Tytler to be caused by damaged rice,) (F.) Mort de Chien, is frightful in the ra- pidity of its progress, the patient sometimes dying in a few hours from the first outset. In temperate climates, common cholera is not usually a disease of much consequence. It requires that the sto- mach and bowels should be cleared, and after- wards the irritation be allayed by full doses of opium. In the malignant cholera of India, bleed- ing at the outset, without regard to the signs of apparent depression, and large doses of calomel, With opiates, form the great reliance of the prac- titioner. , , CHOLERA-EUROPEEN, see Cholera—c. Indian, see Cholera—c Indica, see Cholera. Cholera Infan'tum, Choleric Fever of In- fants ; Cholera of Infants. A disease so termed by American physicians. It occurs, generally, in the middle states of the Union, in June or July, and continues during the hot weather, hence called the 'summer complaint.' The chief symptoms are vomiting, purging of green or yellow matter, slime or blood, attended with pain or uneasiness; and swelling of the abdomen, with some pyrexia, generally. The heat of the wea- ther seems to be the predisposing, if not the ex- citing, cause. It is a fatal disease in towns; dif- fering little, if at all, from what is vulgarly called the Watery Gripes in England. Clearing, gently, the alimentary canal, so as to remove the offend- ing matter, and then exhibiting chalk mixture and laudanum, with counter-irritants, as sina- pisms to the abdomen, is the most satisfactory plan of treatment. Cholera, Malignant, see Cholera—c. Morbus, Cholera — e. Morbus Sporadique,, see Cholera — c. Nostras, Cholera morbus—c. Oriental, see Cho- lera—c. Pestilential, see Cholera—c. Poison, see Poison—c. Spasmodic, see Cholera—c. Sporadic, see Cholera—c. Sec, Cholera sicca—c. Vulgaris, Cholera morbus. Chol'era Sicca, (F.) Cholera sec. Pneuma- tosis of the digestive passages in which there is a copious discharge of gas upwards and downwards. CHOLERAIC, Choleric CHOLERAPHOBIA, Choleromania. CHOL'ERIC, Choler'icus. Belonging to bile ; also to cholera; Cholera'ic, — as the ' choleric or choleraic virus.' The French use the term Fievre choUrique for the fever accompanying cholera. Choleric Fever of Infants, Cholera infan- tum. Choleric Temperament. The bilious tem- perament. CHOL'ERINE. A diminutive of cholera. The first stage of epidemic cholera; also, the precursory symptoms of cholera. CHOL'EROID, Cholero'i'dea, from cholera, and tiSog, 'resemblance.' Resembling cholera; as a ' choleroid affection.' CHOLEROMA'XIA, Cholerapho'bia, Cholero- pho'bia, from cholera and mania. A dread of cholera to such an extent that the individual fancies himself affected or threatened by it. CHOLEROPHOBIA, Choleromania. CHOLEROPHO'NE, from cholera, and vn, ' voice.' The peculiar voice of one in cholera. CHOLEROPROSO'PON, Cholerop'aia, from cholera, and irpocnairov, 'countenance.' The facial nxpression of cholera. CHOLEROPSIS, Choleroprosopom CIIOLERO-TYPHUS, Cholera, (spasmodic.) CHOLERRHAGIA, Cholera. CHOLERRHffiA LYMPHATICA, Cholera. CHOLESTEARINOMA, Cholesteatoma. CHOLESTEATINE, Cholesterin. CHOLESTEATO'MA, from x°*v, 'bile,' and steatoma. An encysted tumour, which presents upon the interior of the cyst several superim- posed layers of cholesterin, which glisten like pearl. Hence it was named by Cruveilheir the laminated nacreoue fatty tumour. CHOL'ESTERIN, Choiesterine, Cholesteri'na, Cholosteri'na, Cholestcarlne, Cholesteati'ne, from XoXn, ' bile,' and crtptog, ' solid,' or criap, ' suet.' An inodorous, insipid substance, in white, shining scales; fusible and crystallizing, on cooling, -in radiated fibres. Soluble in alcohol. It forms the crystalline part of certain biliary calculi. See Adipocire. CHOLEUMA, Cholosis. CHOLIA, Cholosis. CHOLICE'LE, from x°*i> 'bile/ and *>>*v> 'tumour.' A swelling, formed by the bile mor- bidly accumulated in the gall-bladder. CHOLICUS, Bilious. CHOLIUS, Bilious. CHOLICYSTIECTASIE, Turgescentia vesi- cas felleae. CHOLICYSTITE, Cholecystitis. CHOLOCATAR'RHOPHE, Cholocatar- rhophe'sis, Cholocatarrhoph'ia, from x°^l> 'bile,' and xarappotptiv, 'to sup up.' The absorption of bile. CHOLOGRAPHIA, Choledography. CHOLOLITHUS, see Calculi, biliary. CHOLO'MA, from ^wXoj, 'lame, maimed.' Distortion of a limb: incapacity of moving it Also, the act of limping, claudication. CHOLOPLANIA, Icterus. CHOLORRHOil'A, from x°>>v, ' bile,' and ptia, ' I flow.' An abnormous discharge of bile. CHOLOS, Bile, Chole. CHOLO'SES, from ^oX*?, 'bile.' Alibert in- eludes, under this head, every morbid affection of the liver and spleen. CHOLO'SIS, from ^uXor, ' lame.' Cho'lotes, Cholas'ma, Cholan'sis, Choleu'ma, Cholia, Clau- dication. Hippocrates employs this word par- ticularly for a lameness of the hand, which ren- ders a person one-handed, (F.) manchot. Also, icterus; bilious dyscrasy. Cholosis Americana, Fever, yellow. CHOLOSTERINE, Cholesterin. CHOLOTES, Cholosis. CHOLOZEMIA FEBRILIS, Fever, bilious. CHONDRIN, from xovSpog, 'cartilage.' A va- riety of gelatin, obtained by boiling the cornea, the permanent cartilages, and the bones befor* they are ossified. CHONDRI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Cartilag"inis, from ^ovfyjoj, ' cartilage,' and itis, a termination denoting inflammation. Inflammation of carti- lage. CHONDROCLA'SIS, from xov^P0^ 'cartilage,' and KXaoig, 'fracture.' Fracture of a cartilage. CHONDRODES, Cartilaginous, Chondroid. CHONDROGENES'IA, Chondrogen'esis, from Xov&pog, 'a cartilage,' and ytvtatg, 'formation. Formation of cartilage. A morbid conversion of parts into cartilage. CHONDROGLOS'SUS, from xovSpog, 'a carti lage,' and yXuaea, 'the tongue.' A fasciculus ot fleshy fibres, passing from the lesser cornu ot the os hyoides to the tongue. It forms part of the hyoglossus. CHONDROG'RAPHY, Chondrogra'phia, from XovSpog, 'cartilage,' and ypatn, 'a description.' A description of cartilages. CHONDROID, Chondrdi'des, Chondro'dee, CnONDROLOGY 201 CHORION from x°v&Pf>s, 'cartilage,' and eiSog, 'resemblance.' Cartilaginiform. Resembling cartilage. CHONDROL'OGY, Chondrolog"ia, from ^ov- Spog, 'a cartilage,' and Xoyog, 'a discourse.' A treatise on cartilages. CIIONDRO'MA, Enchondro'ma, from ^ovfyoy, 'cartilage.' A cartilaginous growth proceeding from bones, including spina ventosa, osteo-sar- coma, Ac, of many. CHONDRO-PHARYNGE'US, from XovSpog, 'a rcartilage,' and ipapvy!-, 'the pharynx.' Fibres of the muscular coat of the pharynx, which arise from the lesser cornua of the os hyoides, and form part of the Constrictor medius. See Con- strictor pharyngis. CHONDRO'SES, from x«^P0^ 'cartilage.' A morbid formation or condition of a cartilage. CHONDROSTERNAL,Cftondro«terna7!'s,from XovSpog, ' a cartilage,' and artpvov, ' the breast- bone.' Having relation to the cartilages of the ribs and breast-bone,—as the chondrosternal liga- ments, articulations, Ac. CHONDROSYNDES'MUS, from xovSP°s> 'a cartilage,' and awbtapog, ' a ligament.' Union of bones, by means of fibro-cartilage. Synchon- drosis. CHONDROT'OMY, Chondrotom'ia, fron ^ov- Spog, ' a cartilage,' and rtpvtiv, ' to cut.' Dissec- tion of cartilages. C H 0 N D R O-XIPHOID, Chondro-xiphoi'des, from xov^p°() ' a cartilage,' and xiphoid, the car- tilage so called. Having relation to the xiphoid cartilage, as 'Chondro-xiphoid ligament.' CHONDRUS, Cartilage. The Xiphoid carti- lage, in particular. Chondrus, Alica, Fucus crispus — c. Crispus, Fucus crispus—c Polymorphus, Fucus crispus. CHONOS, Infundibulum. CHOPINE, Chopi'no, Cheopi'na. A measure, which contains 16 ounces. A pint measure. CHORA, x^Pa> 'region.' Any void space. Also, the orbit of the eye. CHORD, TESTICULAR, Spermatic chord. CHORDA, Corda. A string of an instrument. It has several meanings: — as a tendon,—the intestines(Chordm.) Paracelsus calls the genital organs chordm. Chorda seu Funic'ulus Tym'pa- ni, a branch of the 7th pair of nerves, according to some, of the 5th pair, according to others, which passes through the tympanum, (F.) Nerf Tympanique — (Ch.) Oorde du Tambour ou du Tympan. Chordm Willis'ii, Trabec'ulm Willis'ii, the small fibres which cross the sinuses of the dura mater : so called from their first describer, Willis. Chordm Tendin'ea; the tendinous and cord-like substances which connect the columnm oamem of the ventricles of the heart to the valves, Ac. Chorda, Intestine. Chorda Dorsa'lis, Dorsal cord. The axis, around which, according to Von Baer, the first parts of the foetus are formed,—the rudiment of the future vertebral column. Chorda Hippocratis, Aehillis Tendo—c. Lon- gitudinalis Corporis Callosi, see Raphe. CHORDS, Chordee~c Ferrenii, Chords, vocal. Chordae Longitudina'les Lancis'ii. Two or three longitudinal elevations and lines on the upper surface of the corpus callosum. Chordae Penis, Chordee — c Tendineae, see Chorda—c Veneris, Chordee—c.Vocales, Cords, vocal—c. Willisii, see Chorda. CHORDAP'SUS, from x°P&l> 'intestine,' and aicreiv, ' to tie,' Intussuscep'tio. Constriction or twisting of the intestines. — Celsus. The Colica Ileus. See Enteritis and Heus. CHORDEE', Cord.ee', Chorda Ven'eris seu Penis, Phallancylo'sis, Phallocamp'sis, Chorda, Chorda'ta Gonorrhoe'a. A painful affection of the penis, attending gonorrhoea, and happening chiefly at night. It occurs when the violence of the inflammation is such, that the urethra cannot expand as much as the corpora cavernosa during erection, and consequently the glans seems pain- fully drawn downwards. The application of cold water topically and the administration of opium internally, palliate it. CHORE'A, Chorea Sancti Viti, Ch. Sancti Modes'ti, Ch. gesticulato'ria, Choroma'nia, Syn'- clonus saltans, Tripudia'tio spas'tica, from x°Pua\ 'a dance;' sometimes called Scelotyr'be, Viti Saltns, Salta'tio Sancti Viti, Rallis'mns, Con- vul'sio habitua'lis, Siph'ita prava, Syn'clonua Chorea, Mi/otyr'be, Choreoma'nia, Orehestroma'- nia, Epilepsia Saltato'ria, Morbus Saltato'rius, Hieran'osus, M. gesticulato'rius, Scelotyr'be taran- tism'us, St. Vitus's Dance, because the movements resemble dancing; (F.) Choree, Danse de Saint- Witt, Danse de St. Guy. The characteristics are : — irregular and involuntary motions of one or more limbs, and of the face and trunk. It is a disease which usually occurs before puberty; and is generally connected with torpor of the system, and of the digestive organs in particular. Its duration is long, but it is usually devoid of danger; although frequently but little under the control of medicine. The spasms do not continue during sleep. The indications of treatment are ■ to strengthen the general system, and stimulate the intestinal canal. Purgatives, once or twice a week, and chalybeates, with appropriate regi- men, will fulfil these. Chorea, Chronic, see Tic—c. Faciei, Tic—c. Gesticulatoria, Chorea — c. Partial, see Tic — c. Sancti Modesti, Chorea—c. Sancti Valentini, Ta- rantismus—c. Sancti Viti, Chorea. CHOREE, Chorea. CHORE'GIA, from x°P°s> , 'I lead.' Hippocrates uses this term for the whole of the apparatus ne- cessary for a physician or surgeon. CHOBEOMANIA, Chorea. CHORIODEI'TIS, Ohorioidei'tis, Chorioidi- tis, Choroiditis, from xoPoet^li> 'the choroid,' and itis. Inflammation of the choroid coat of the eye. CHORIODES, Choroid. CHORIOIDEA, Choroid. CHORIOIDES, Choroid. CHO'RION, x°Plov> 'skin/ from xu>Petv> 'to contain, include;' Camis'ia Foetus: the chemise or shirt of the foetus in utero. A thin, transpa- rent membrane, formerly confounded with the decidua, which surrounds the foetus in utero on every side, and appears to be developed from nu- cleated cells formed in the Fallopian tube. Some histologists, however, consider, that it exists in the ovary. The general opinion is, that it is formed as above described; and perhaps, also, from the zona pellucida, which disappears in the tube. In the uterus, villous prolongations are formed on its surface, which have given it, with more recent writers, the name 'shaggy chorion.' These villi are probably the agents of the absorp- tion of nutritive matter furnished from the lining membrane of the uterus. By many anatomists, the chorion is considered to be formed of two layers; the outer, called by Burdach Exoch'orion : the inner, Endoeho'rion. By others, the distinction of laminae is denied. It is exterior to the amnion. Chorion also means the true skin. See Cutis. Chorion Fungosum, Decidua—c. Reticulatum, Decidua—c. Shaggy, see Chorion and Decidua— c Spongiosum, see Decidua—c. Spongy, seo De- cidua—c. Tomentosum, see Decidua. 4k CHORIONITIS 202 CHRYSANTHEMUM CHORIONITIS. Induration of the Cellular tissue. CHOROID, Chordi'deus, Chordi'des, ChorioV- dcs, Chorio'des, from x°Pt0V' 'tae chorion,' and uSog, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Several parts are so called, which resemble the chorion, in the multi- tude of their vessels. Choroid Muscle, Ciliary muscle. CHORO'i'DEAseu Chorio'I'dea Tu'nica, Ch. Mem- bra'na, or simply the Chox-oid, Tu'nica vasculo'sa Oc'uli, T. aciniform'is seu rhagoi'des, (F.) Mem- brane choroide, Choro'ide. A thin membrane, of a very dark colour, which lines the sclerotica, internally. The part behind the iris is called Uvea. It is situate between the sclerotica and retina, has an opening, posteriorly, for the pas- sage of the optic nerve; and terminates, ante- riorly, at the great circumference of the iris, where it is continuous with the ciliary processes. According to Ruysch, the choroid consists of two layers, to the innermost of which his son gave the name Tu'nica Ruyschia'no, Membra'xia Ruysch- ia'na, (F.) Membrane Ruyschiexine. The in- ternal surface of the membrane is covered with a dark pigment, consisting of several layers of pig- ment cells, called Pigmen'tum nigrum, Stratum pigmen'ti, Ophthalmochroi'tes, sEtliiops animal, (F.) Enduit chordidien. Its use seems to be, to absorb the rays of light after they have traversed the retina. Choroi'des Plexus, Plexus chordi'deus seu reti- cularis, Vermes cer'ebri, Choroid Plexus. Two membranous and vascular duplicatures of the pia mater, situate in the lateral ventricles. They are fixed to the Tela chordidea by one edge, and are loose and floating at the other. Choroidea Tela, (F.) Toile chordidienne. A kind of vasculo-membranous prolongation of the pia mater,which lines the lower surfaoe of the fornix united with the corpus callosum. It is stretched above the third ventricle, and covers the poste- rior commissure and corpora quadrigemina. An- teriorly, the tela choroidea is continuous with the plexus choroides. Choroidea A'enje, Vena Gale'ni, (F.) Veines choroidieunes. Two veins, that creep along the tela choroidea; into which almost all those of the lateral ventricles, of the upper part of the cerebellum, of the pineal gland, and the corpora quadrigemina open. The Venae Galeni open into the sinus quartus or fourth sinus. CHOROIDE, CEINTURE BLANCHE DE LA, Ciliary ligament—c. Commissure de la, Cili- ary ligament. CHOROIDITIS, Choriodeitis. CHOROI'DO-RETINI'TIS. Inflammation of the choroid and retina. CHOROMANIA, Chorea. CHOSES CONTRE NATURE, Res contra naturam — c. Naturelles, Res naturales — c. non Naturelles, Res non naturales. CHOSIS, Arenatio. CHOU CAB US, Brassica capitate—c. Croute, Sauer Kraut—c. Fleur, Brassica Florida, Cauli- flower excrescence — c. Marin, Convolvulus sol- danella— c. Navet, Brassica rapa—c. Pomme, Brassica capitate—c. Potager, Brassica — c. Ro- quette. Brassica eruca. CUREMMA, Sputum. CHREMPSIS, Exspuition. CHRISIS, from xplb>> 'I anoint.' The action of anointing. Inunction. CHRTSMA, same etymon. The act of anoint- ing. The salve or liniment used. Prurigo. CHRISTI MANUS. Troches prepared from refined sugar boiled in rose-water with or without prepared pearls. CHRISTOPHER HERB, Actaea spicata. CHRISTOPHORIANA SPICATA, Actaea spi- cata. CHRISTOS, xp«TTOf, from XP'<*, 'I anoint.' Any medicine applied under the form of liniment or ointment. CHROA, Chrcea, Chroma. Colour in goneraL The surface of the body. The skin. CHRdAS, Scrofula. CHROMA, Chroa. CHROMATOG"ENOUS, from xpu^a, 'colour,' and ytvvati), ' I make.' Chromatog"enous Appara'tus. A particular apparatus for producing the colouring matter of the skin, composed of a glandular or secreting parenchyma, situate a little below the papillas, and presenting special excretory ducts, which pour out the colouring matter on the surface of the true skin.—Breschet. CHROMATOMETABLEPSIA, Achro- matopsia. CHROMATOPHO'BIA, from xp<»l"*> 'colour,' and 'time.' A prefix to terms denoting inflammation of a part, to show that such inflammation is chronic.—Piorry. CHRONO-HEPATITE, Hepatitis, chronic. CHRONO-NEPHRITE, Nephritis (chronic.) CHRONO-THERMAL, from xpov°s> 'time,' and Stppn, 'heat.' Relating to time and tempe- rature. An epithet given to a fanciful 'system' by Dr. Samuel Dickson, which maintains, that there can be no increase or diminution of tempe- rature without motion ; no motion without time; that motion consists in attraction and repulsion; that attraction and repulsion are peculiar to elec- tric action; and hence, that medicines must change the motions of the system, and be eleotri- cal in their operation. CHROTOPSIA, Chromopsia. CHRUPSIA, Chrcmopsia. CHRYSALEA, Nitro-muriatic acid. CHRYSANTHEMUM, Calendula officinalis. Chrysan'themum Leucan'themum, from ^pu- aog, 'gold,' and avSog, 'a flower.' The Ox-eye daisy, Daisy, Whiteweed, Goldens, Mandlinwort, Bellis major seu proten'sis, Bnphthal'mxim majus, Leucan'themum xmlga're, Matrica'ria Leucanth'e- mum, Bellididi'des, Consol.'ida medio, Oc'ulus Bo- vis, (F.) Chrysantheme, Chrysene. Grand Margue- rite des pres. The flowers and herb are slightly acrid; and were once used in p almonary diseases. CHRYSE 203 CHYMICAL Chrysanthemum Parthenium, Matricaria par- thenium. CHRYSE, from xpv<">s> 'gold.' The name of a yellow plaster, de^cribed by Paulus of iEgina, and composed of thus, alum, lead, colophony, resin, oil, and orpiment, boiled in vinegar. CHR YSENE, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. CHRYSITIS, see Plumbi oxidum semivitreum. CIIRYSOBALANUS GALENI, see Myristica moschata. CHRYSOCALIS, Matricaria. CHRYSOCHALCOS, Brass. CHRYSOCOLLA, Borax. CHRYSOCOMA, Millefolium. CHRYSOLACHANUM, Chenopodium bonus Henricus. CHRYSOL'ITHUS, Chrya'olite, from xpuo-o?, 'gold,' and Xi&og, 'stone.' A precious stone, of a golden colour, regarded by the ancients as car- diac, cephalic, Ac. CHRYSOMELIA, see Citrus aurantium. CHRYSOPHYL'LUM CAINI'TO, from xp^oog 'gold,' and ipvXXov, 'a leaf.' Gainito, Siderox'- ylon, Broad-leaved Star-apple. A tree of the Antilles, which produces one of the best fruits of the country. There are several varieties of it. Chrysophyllum Glyciphl^eum, Monesia. CHRYSOPUS, Cambogia. CHRYPOS, Gold. CIIRYSOSPERMUM, Sempervivum tectorum. CHRYZA FIBRAUREA, Coptis. CHTHONOPHA'GIA, Oachex'ia Africa'na, Mala'cia Afrieano'rum, Pica Africano'rum, Leu- cophlegma'tia JEthio'pum, Chloro'sis JEthiopum, Dirt-eating, (F.) Mal d'Estomac, from ^fluiv, ' earth,' and , ' I eat.' A disorder of the nu- tritive functions observed amongst the negroes of the South and of the West Indies, in which there is an irresistible desire to eat earth. It is accom- panied by most of the signs of chlorosis. CHU, Choa or Ghus, x*s> Chocus. A liquid measure amongst the Greeks, answering to the Congius of the Romans, and containing six sex- tarii, or twelve Attic cotylae, or nine pints.—Galen. CHURRUS, see Bangue. CHUTE, Prolapsus—c. du Fondement, Proc- tocele—c. de la Mat rice, Procidentia uteri—c. des Ouf», see Parturition—c. du Rectum, Proctocele. CHYLA1RE, Chylous. CHYLAR, Chylous. CHYLARION, Chyle. CHYLE, Ghylus, Succus nutril'ius, from xvwi 'I flow.' The word, in Hippocrates, means Tisane or Decoction of Barley, Chyla'rion, ^uXapiov. Ga- len first used it in its present sense; — i. e. for a nutritive fluid, extracted by intestinal absorp- tion, from food which has been subjected to the action of the digestive organs. It is of a whitish appearance; is separated from the chyme in the duodenum, and the rest of the small intes- tines, and is absorbed by the chyliferous vessels, which arise at the mucous surface of the intestine. Along these it passes through the mesenteric glands to the thoracic duct, and is finally poured into the left subclavian. It is composed, like the blood, of a coagulable part and of serum. Chyle corpuscles or globules, exist in it, the average size of which is about l-4600th of an inch. See Chyme. Chyle Corpuscles, see Chyle. CHYLEUX, Chylous. CIIYLIF'EROUS, Chy'lifer, Chijliferus, Chy- loph'orus; from chylus, 'chyle,' and ferre, 'to carry.' Chyle-bearing. Chylif'erous A^essels, Vasa Chyh'f'era seu Chylof'era, Via chylif'erm, Venm lactem, Vasa lactea. The Lacteals. (F.) Vaisseaux chyliferes, V. Lactes. Vessels which convey the chyle from the intestines to the thoracic duct. CHYLIFICA'TION, Chylifica'tio, Chylo'sis, Chylopoie'sis, Prmpara'tio chyli, from chylus, 'chyle,' and faeere, 'to make.' Formation of chyle by the digestive processes. CHYLINE, Cyclamen. CHYLLSMA, Succus expressus. CHYLIS'MUS, from ^tAos, 'juice.' The act of expressing the juice of vegetables, Ac. CHYLOCYSTIS, Receptaculum chyli. CHYLODES, Chylous. CHYLODIABETES, Chyluria. CHYLODIARRHGSA, Coeliac flux. CHYLODOCHIUM, Receptaculum chyli. CHYLOG'BAPHY, from xuXos, 'chyle,' and ypatpn, ' a description.' A description of the ana- tomy, Ac, of the chyliferous vessels. CHYLOPOIESIS, Chylification. CHYLOPOIET'IC, Chylopoielicus, Chxjlopoi'e- xts, from ^uXoj, 'chyle,' and iroitw, 'I make.' Re- lating to or connected with the formation of chyle. Chiefly applied to the organs immediately con- cerned in it; as the stomach, intestines, omenta, and mesentery. Assistant Chylopoietic : — ap- plied to viscera which aid in the formation of chyle, as the liver and pancreas. CHYLORRH03A, Cosliac flux—c Pectoris, Chylothorax—c Renalis, Chyluria—c Urinalis, Chyluria. CHYLOSIS, Chylification. CHYLOSTAG'MA DIAPHORET'ICUM MINDERE'RI. A compound prepared by dis- tilling the theriac o/Andromachus, the mithridate of Damocrates, and other alexipharmics, Ac. It is nearly the same preparation as the Aqua The- riaca'lis Bezoar'dica. CHYLOTHO'RAX,PZeMrorrAce'a chylo'sa, Chy- lorrhce'a Pec'toris, Hydrotho'rax chylo'sus ; from £11X05, 'chyle,' and 0wpa£, 'the chest.'-—Effusion of chyle into the chest, owing to the rupture of a chyliferous vessel. CHYLOUS, Chylar, Chylo'sus vel Chyla'ris, Chylo'des, (F.) Chyleux, Chylaire. Relating to the chyle; or having some analogy to that fluid. CHYLU'RIA, Diabe'tes lae'tea, D. Chylo'sus, Chylodiabe'tes, Galactu'ria, Fluxxts cmliucus per Rencs, Pyu'ria lae'tea, P. Chylo'sa, Cmliaca xtri- na'lis, C. rexia'lis Chylorrhce'a urina'lis, Ch.rena'- lis, from xv^°s> 'chyle,' and ovpov, 'urine.' (F.) Diabite chyleux. A discharge of milky urine, with- out any apparent lesion of the kidneys or bladder. CHYLUS, Chyle, Decoction, Succus. CHYME, Chymus, xvl">S; 'juice,' from xv 'I flow.' The pulp, formed by the food, mixed with the supra-diaphragmatic and gastric secretions, after it has been for some time in the stomach. In this it continues until it reaches the biliary and pancreatic ducts, which open into the duo- denum ; where the conversion into chyle occurs, which is absorbed by the chyliferous vessels,—the excrementitious portion of the food traversing the large intestine to be evacuated per anum. Cas- telli asserts, that Chyme and Chyle were used in an inverse sense by the ancients, from that ac- cepted at present. CIIYMI, Humours. CHYMIA, Chymistry—c. Organica, Chymis- try, organic—c PharmaceUtica, see Chymistry. CHYMIA'TER, Chimia'ter, Chemia'tcr, from Xyptia or xip11") ' chymistry,' and tarpog, ' a phy- sician,' latro-chym'icus. A chemical physician. CHYMIATRI'A, Chymiatri'a,Chemiatri'a, la- tro-chemi'a, Medici'na spagir'iea, Ars Chymial- rica, from ^v/iciaor xvptm, 'chymistry,' andtarpua, 'cure.' The art of curing by chemical means. CHYM'ICAL, Chem'ical, Chem'icus, Chemo'- ticus. A medicine formed by the aid of chymistry, in contradistinction to Galenical. CHYM'ICO-HISTOL'OGY 204 CTCHO'RIUM ENDIVTA CrH.YM'ICO-mSTO-L'OGY,Chym'ico-histolog"- ia, Chem'ico-histology. The doctrine of the or- ganic chemistry and morphology of tissues. CHYMICOPHANTA, Chymist. CHYMICUS, Chymical, Chymist. CHYMIE, Chymistry. CHYMIFICA'TION, Chymifica'tio, Chymo'- eie, from xvP0i> 'Juice/ and/acere, 'to make.' Formation of chyme. CHYMTST, Chem'ist, Chem'icus, Chymico- phan'ta, Chym'icxis, (F.) Chimiste ou Chymiste. One acquainted with chymistry. In Great Bri- tain it has, also, the signification of " one who sells chemicals." CHYMISTE, Chymist. CHYM'ISTRY, Chem'istry, Chemi'a, Chymi'a, Ohimi'a,Chemeu'tice,Chemot'ice, Philosoph'ia per ignem, Spagy'rio, Pyrotech'nia, Pyrosoph'ia, Ars hermelica, Archima' gia, Ars mago'rum, Ars sepa- rata'ria, Ars spagir'ica; from xvu0^ 'juice,' or from Arab, chema, 'a secret.' (F.) Chimie ou Chymie. A branch of the natural sciences, whose object is to investigate the nature and properties of bodies, simple and compound, inorganic and organized; and to study the force or power, by virtue of which every combination is effected. It investigates the action between the integrant mo- lecules or atoms of bodies. Organic Chemistry, Chymi'a orgon'ica, Organo- chemi'a, is the chymistry of organized sub- stances,— animal and vegetable. Animal Chym'ietry, Zooch'emy or Zooch'ymy, Zoochemi'a, is the chymistry of substances af- forded by the dead or living animal body. This branch of chymistry has been farther subdi- vided into physiological, when it considers the changes produced in organized bodies in health, pathological, when it regards those produced by organic or other diseases. Anthropochymy, Anthropochemi'a, is the chymistry of the human body. Chymistry is called Therapeu'tical or Pharmacexl tical, Pharmaco-chymi'a, Chymi'a pharmaceu'tica, when it is engaged in the analy- sis of simple medicines; in improving the pre- scribing and preparing of chemical and Galenical medicines; in the means of preparing them, and detecting adulterations, Ac. Hygien'ic Chym'iatry is that which is applied to the means of rendering habitations healthy, of analyzing the air we breathe, preventing the occurrence of disease, pointing out healthy aliments, and appreciating the influence of professions, Ac. on the health of man. All these different subdivisions, with vege- table chymistry, are, at times, included under the head of Medical Chym'iatry, Phytochymistry ; at others, the term comprehends only the Animal, Vegetable and Pharmaceutical subdivisions. Vital Chemistry, Eiochymi'a, is that which is executed under the influence of vitality. A knowlege of chymistry is of great importance to the physician. Many of the functions are of a chemical nature: many diseases require a che- mical mode of treatment; and, without an ac- quaintance with it, two or more substances might be given in combination, which, by forming a chemical union, might give rise to other com- pounds, possessing very different virtues from the components taken singly, and thus the prescriber be disappointed in the results. Chymistry, Animal, see Chymistry—c. Hy- gienic, see Chymistry—c. Medical, see Chymis- try—c. Organic, see Chymistry—c. Pharmaceu- tio, see Chymistry—c. Therapeutical, see Chy- mistry— c. Aregetable, see Chymistry—c Vital, gee Chymistry. CHYMOCHEZIA, Coeliac flux. CHYMOPLANIA,(G.)Chymoplanien,Dys- chymosen, from ^D/jof,'juice,' and jrXav^/wander- ing.' A transposition of secretion s:—a family of dis- eases in the classification of Fuchs, which includes icterus, uroplania, menoplania and galactoplania. CHYMORRHGLA, Coeliac flux, Lientery. CHYMOSIN, Pepsin. CHYMOSIS, Chymification. CHYMOZEMIA, Hypercrinia. CHYTLEN, RADIX. A cylindrical root, bitter and inodorous, brought from China. It is held by the Chinese to be stomachic. — Murray. CHYT'LON, xvT*0V>from Xt(»>' I Pour out-' •* liquid formerly used for rubbing the body after bathing. CIBARIUM, Aliment. CIBA'RIUS PANIS, ' Coarse bread.' Bread made of second flour. — Celsus. CIBA'TIO. Trophe. The taking of food. In Pharmacy, it is the same as Incorporation. CIBUS, Aliment—c. Albus, Blancmanger— c. Deorum, Asafoetida. CICATRICE, Cicatrix. CICATRICES OVARIORUM, Stigmata ova- riorum. CICATRICULA. Diminutive of Cicatrix. A small cica'trix, Stigma. The term is, also, applied to a small white spot, called the tread, chalaza, chala'zium, observable at the surface of a fecun- dated egg. See Molecule. CICATRISAN'TIA, Epulot'ica, Sxjnnlot'ica, Apulot'ica, Catulot'ica, Ulot'ica. Remedies for- merly considered to be capable of producing cica- trization. CICA'TRTX, Cmca'trix, Ule, Oule, from cacare, 'to conceal,' because it conceals the wound. (F.) Cicatrice. The union of parts, which have been divided. A scar or formation, of a reddish colour, afterwards whitish, and of variable thickness, which takes place at the surface of wounds or ulcers after their cure. A cicatrix may vary much in shape, consistence, and thickness. The cicatrix of a bone is called Callus. A vic"ioua cica'trix, (F.) Cicatrice vicieuee, is one which interferes with the action of the parts on which it occurs. The scars after small-pox, are called Pits or Pock- marks, (F.) Coutures par la petite verole. Cicatrix Variola, Pockmark. CICATRIZA'TION, Cicatrisa'tio, Epulo'sis, Synulo'sia. The process by which a cicatrix is formed. Every tissue, except the nails, epider- mis, hair, and enamel is, probably, capable of cicatrization. CICELY, SWEET, Chasrophyllum odoratum, Osmorrhiza longistylis, Scandix odorata. CICER ARIETI'NUM. The Giver plant, Erebin'thua, (F.) Cicerole, Pois Chiche. The seeds are ground into flour, and used as bread in some countries. Cicer Lens, Ervum lens. CI'CERA TAR'TARI. Small pills of turpen- tine and cream of tartar—of the size of a vetch or cicer. CICERBITA, Sonchus oleraceus. CICEROLE, Cicer arietinum. CICHO'RIUM ENDIV'IA. The systematic name of the Endive, Endiu'ia, Endi'va, In'tubum, In'tybum- (Antiq.), Scariola, In'tybus horten'sis, (F.) Chicoree des Jardins, Scariole. Family, Cichoraceas. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia asqualis. It is a common pot herb, and is eaten as salad. Cicho'rium In'tybus, Seris, Seriola, In'tubum erralicum. The systematic name of the Wild Suc'cory, Wild Cich'ory, Cich'ory, Wild Endive, Ambulei'a, Heliotro'pion, Catanan'ee, Cicho'reum, (F.) Chicoree sauvage. It is bitter, and was once used as a tonic. The root, roasted and ground, is often used instead of, or mixed with, coffee. CHICORY, WILD CICHORY, WILD, Cichorium intybus. CICI, Ricinis communis. CICINDE'LA, Lam'pyris, Noctiluca, Nited'- ula. The Glow-worm. (F.) Ver luisant. This insect was once thought to be anodyne and lithon- triptic ClCIS, see Quercus infectoria. CIGON'GIUS; an ancient measure, contain- ing 12 pints. CICUTA, Conium maculatum. Cicu'ta Aquat'ica, Cicu'ta viro'sa, Cicuta'ria aquulica, Corian'drum cicu'ta, Water Hemlock, Cowbane, (F.) Cigue aquatique ou vireuse. Fa- mily, Umbelliferas. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digy- nia. A violent poison, often eaten by mistake for Wild Smallage, Apium Graveolens. It pro- duces tremors, vertigo, burning at the stomach, and all the symptoms occasioned by the Narco- tico-acrid class of poisons. Cicu'ta Macula'ta, (F.) Cigue d'Amerique, American xeater hemlock, American Hemlock, Snakeweed, Death of man, Water parsley, Poison root, Wild Hemlock, Children's bane, is analo- gous in botanical character and medical proper- ties to the European species. See Conium Ma- culatum. Cicuta Major, Conium maculatum—c. Major fostida, Conium maculatum—c. Stoerkii, Conium maculatum — c. Terrestris, Conium maculatum— C. Virosa, Cicuta aquatica—c. Vulgaris, Conium maculatum. CICUTARIA, Chasrophyllum sylvestre —c Aquatica, Cicuta aquatica, Phellandrium aquati- cum—c Odorata, Chasrophyllum odoratum. CIDER, Poma'ceum, (F.) Cidre. This word is said to have been formerly written sidre, and to have come from Sic'era, aixtpa, which signifies any kind of fermented liquor other than wine. It is made from the juice of apples, and, when good, is a wholesome drink. CIDRE, Cider. CIGNUS; an ancient measure, which con- tained about two drachms. CIGUE AQUATIQUE, Cicuta aquatica —c. cVAmerique, Cicuta maculata—c. d'Eau, Phellan- drium aquaticum—c. Grande, Conium maculatum c. Ordinaire, Conium maculatum — c. Petite, .flSthusa cynapium—c. Vireuse, Cicuta aquatica. CIL'IA, Rlephar'ides, Pilipalpebrarum. The eyelashes. The hairs on the eyelids. (F.) Cits. Their use seems to be, to prevent the entrance into the eye of light bodies flying in the atmo- sphere ; and to diminish, in certain cases, the in- tensity of light. Also, the tarsi. Also, a pecu- liar sort of moving organs, resembling small hairs, vi'bratory or vi'bratile cilia, Cilia vibra- to'ria, (F.) Cils vibratils, which are visible with the microscope in many animals. These organs are found on parts of the body, which are habi- tually in contact with water, or other more or less fluid matters, and produce motion in these fluids, impelling them along the surface of the parts. Cilia have been found to exist in all ver- tebrated animals except fishes, having been dis- covered on the respiratory and uterine mucous membranes of mammalia, birds, and reptiles. The terms "vibratory motion" and "ciliary motion" have been used to express the pheno- mena exhibited by the moving cilia; and it is pro- bable, that this motion is concerned in the pro- gression of fluids along the membranes. As yet, the motion has been observed only in the direc- tion of the outlets of canals. CILIAIRE, Ciliary. CIL'IARY, Cilia'ris, (F.) Oiliaire. Relating to the eyelashes, or to cilia. This epithet has, also, been applied to different parts, which enter 5 CILIARY into the structure of the eye; from the resem- blance between some of them (the ciliary pro* cesses) and the eyelashes. t Ciliary Ar'teries, Arte'ria cilia'res, (F.) Ar- teres ciliaires. These are furnished by the oph- thalmic artery. They are distinguished into 1> Short or posterior (Art. vvSales—Chauss.) 30 or 40 in number, which are distributed to the ciliary processes. 2. Long, (Art. Iriennes of Chauss.,) two in number, which, by the anastomoses of their branches, form two arterial circles at the anterior surface of the iris : and, 3. The anterior, Arte'ria cilia'res anterio'res of Haller, the num- ber of which is variable. These pierce the scle- rotic a few lines from its union with the cornea; and are principally distributed to the iris. Ciliary Body, Corpus Cilia're, Nexus Stamin'- eus Oc'uli, Coro'na Cilia'ris, Ciliax-y Disc, (F.) Corps ciliaire. A ring of the choroid surround- ing the crystalline in the manner of a crown; placed behind the iris and the ciliary circle. It resembles the disk of a radiated flower, and is formed by the union of the ciliary processes. See Ciliary Muscle. Ciliary Canal, Canal of Fonta'na. A small, extremely narrow circular spaee, formed between the ciliary circle, the cornea, and the sclerotica. It can be filled with injection, and it is not cer- tain that it is not the cavity of a blood-vessel. Ciliary Circle, Ciliary ligament — c. Disc, Ciliary body—c Ganglion, Ophthalmic ganglion. Ciliary Lig'ament, C. Circle or Ring, Liga- men'tum seu Instertit"ium cilia're, L. I'ridis, Plexus cilia'ris, An'nulus seu Cir'culus seu Or- bic'ulus cilia'ris, A. cellulo'sus, Com'missure of the Uvea, Commissure de la Choro'ide, — (Ch.,) (F.) Ligament ou Cercle ciliaire, Cercle de la Choro'ide, Ceinture blanche de la Choro'ide. A species of greyish ring, of a pulpy consistence, situate between the choroid, iris, and sclerotica. The internal surface of the choroid is uniform, until it approaches within ten lines and a-half of the edge of the cornea; here a dentated line is observed, termed ora serra'ta. The outer surface presents the an'nulus al'bidus seu gangliform'is, the anterior edge of which unites to the inner surface of the sclerotica and constitutes the cili- ary ligament. Cil'iary Margin or Tarsal Margin of the eyelids; (F.) Bord ciliaire. The edge in which the cilia or eyelashes are situate. Ciliary Motion, see Cilia. Ciliary Muscle, Mus'eulus cilia'ris. The part of the orbicularis palpebrarum in the vici- nity of the ciliary margin. Also, the greyish, semi-transparent structure behind the ciliary ligament and covering the outside of the ciliary body. By its contraction the ciliary processes, and with them the lens, must be drawn towards the cornea. It appears to be the same muscle as the Tensor choroidea or choroid muscle of some anatomists. Ciliary Nerves (Nerfs Iriens,—Chauss.) (F ) Nerfs ciliaires. These are 12 to 16 in number. They arise from the nasal nerve, and particu- larly from the anterior part of the ophthalmio ganglion; and unite in two fasciculi, which pass around the optic nerve, and pierce the scle- rotica near the entrance of that nerve into tho eye. They are lost in the ciliary ligament. Ciliary Plexus, C. Ligament. Ciliary Proc"esses, Proces'sus cilia'res, Rad'ii seu Strim cilia'res, Rayons sovs-iriens — (Ch.,) (F.) Prods ciliaires. Triangular folds, sixty or eighty in number, placed at the side of each other, and radiating, so as to resemble the disk of a radiated flower. They are lodged in depressions at the anterior part of the v:treoua 2( r CILIATED 206 CINCHONA humour. The uses of these processes are not known. Ciliary Ring, Ciliary ligament. Ciliary Stride are numerous, pale, radiated strias in the posterior portion of the Corpus cili- are, but so covered by the Pigmentum nigrum as not to be distinctly seen till the paint is removed. The ciliary processes are formed by these strias. Ciliary Veins, (F.) Veines ciliaires, follow nearly the same course as the arteries. In the choroid they are so tortuous, that they have re- ceived the name Vasa vortico'sa. They open into the ophthalmic vein. Ciliary Zone, Zona seu Zo'nula Cilia'ris, Membran'ula Coro'nm Cilia'ris. Under the cor- pus eiliare, the capsule of the vitreous humour sends off an external lamina, which accompanies the retina, and is inserted, with it, into the fore- part of the capsule of the lens, a little before its anterior edge. This is the Zonula ciliaris, Zo- nula Zin'nii or Zonula of Zinn, Coro'na Cilia'- ris, Orbic'ulus Cilia'ris. It is of a striated ap- pearance and circular form, and assists in fixing the lens to the vitreous humour. CIL'IATED, Cilia'tus; from cilia. Provided with cilia—as "ciliated epithelium," the epithe- lium to which vibratory cilia are attached. CILLEMENT, Nictation. CILLO. A name given by some authors to those whose upper eyelid is perpetually tremu- 'lous ;—a trembling, which in some cases is called Life's blood. " To have life's blood in the eye," in other words, is to have this affection. Vogel calls it Cillo'sis. CILLOSIS, Cillo. GILS, Cilia—c. Vibratils, see Cilia. CIMEX, Koris, xopig, Cimex lectula'rius. The Wall or House or Bed Bug or Chinche. (F.) Punaise. Six or seven of these, given internally, are said to have prevented ague ! There is scarcely any thing which is sufficiently disgust- ing, that has not been exhibited for this purpose, and with more or less success. The bug has also been esteemed emmenagogue. CIMICIFUGA, Actaea racemosa. CIMO'LIA PURPURES'CENS, Terra Sapo- na'ria, Terra Fullon'ica, Fuller's Earth. A com- pact, bolar earth, employed in the arts. Used at times as a cooling application to inflamed nip- ples, Ac Cimo'lia Terra, Cimo'lia alba, Smectis, Smec- Iris, Cimo'lus /" from KtpoiXog, an island in the Cretan Sea, where it is procured. It was formerly used as an astringent, Ac. — Scribonius Largus, Pliny. Probably, the same as the last. CINA CINA, Cinchona—c. Levantica, Arte- misia Santonica. CINABARIS, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- brum. CINABARIUM, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- brum. CIN'ABRA, Grasus. The smell of a he-goat. A rank smell, like that of the armpit, Hircus ala'rum. CINyEDIA, Masturbation. CINARA HORTENSIS, Cynara scolymus—c. Scolymus, Cynara Scolymus. CINCHO'NA. So called from the Spanish Alceroy's lady, the Countess de Cinchon, who was cured of, fever by it at Lima, about 1638. Called also Cortex seu Pulvis Jesuilicus, Jesuit's Bark or Powder, Cortex Patx-um, because it was introduced into Europe by the Jesuits ; and also Pulvis Oomitis'sm or the Countess's Powder, and Cardinal del Lugo's Powder, Cortex Cardina'lis de Lugo, because he introduced it at Rome. It is the pharmacopoeial name of several kinds of barks from various species -of Cinchona, from the western coast of South America. Nat. Order, Cinchonaceas. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogy- nia. Called, also, Cortex, Bark, Peruriin Bark, English Remedy, Cortex Chinee, Cortex China Regius, China, Chinchi'na, Palos de Cahntura, Kina Kino, (Park of Parks,) Kinklna, Cina Cina, Quina Quina, Quinquina, Magnum Dei donum, (F.) Quinquina. Cincho'n.c Cariba;'^ Cortex, from Exos- tem'ma Caribm'um, Cariba'an Rark; Saint Lu- cia Bark, (F.) Ecorce de Saint Lucie, Quin- quixia Piton, from Exoste'ma fioribund'um ; and the Pitaya Bark, Quinquina bi'color, from an exostemma (?) or from strychnos pseudoquina (?), are useful substitutes for the cinchona of Peru. These are the most important spurious barks. They contain neither quinia nor cinchonia. Cinchona Cordifo'll* Cortex, Cortex fiavus, Cinchona officina'lis cortex fiavus, Yellow Bark, Calisay'a Bark, (F.) Quinquina jaune ou jaune royal, Calasaya. Odour aromatic; taste strong, bitter, astringent. Not rolled; often without the epidermis, which is very thick and inert; light, friable; fracture fibrous. Active principle Quinia. Cinchonae Lancifo'li^e Cortex, Cortex Peru- via'nus, Cortex pal'lidua, Cinchona officina'lis cortex commu'nis, Cinchona pallida, Pale Bark, Loxa Bark, Crown Bark, (F.) Quinquina gris de Loxa, Quinquina Orange. Its odour is aromatic; taste pleasant, bitter, and astringent. The pieces are rolled in double or single quills. Epidermis brown, cracked; fracture resinous. Internally of a cinnamon colour. Its active principle is Cinchonia. Cinchona Oblongifo'li^e Cortex, Cortex ruber, Cinchona officina'lis cortex ruber, Red Rark, (F.) Quinquina rouge. Odour and taste the same as the pale, but more intense: in large flat pieces, solid, heavy, dry; fracture short and smooth; of a deep brownish-red colour. Al- though this variety of bark is assigned to the Cinchona oblongifolia by some, it would seem, that nothing is certainly known as to its source. Active principles, Cinchonia and Quinia. The last three are the only officinal varieties in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. There are many other varieties, however, which are genuine cinchona barks, and yet have not been considered worthy of an officinal position. The Edinburgh Pharmacoposia admits, indeed, Cin- chona cinerea, Grey bark, Silver bark or Hnanxico bark, which is obtained around Huanuco in Peru, and belongs to the class of pale barks. Amongst the genuine but inferior barks are those brought from the northern Atlantic ports of South Ame- rica, which, in commerce, are variously called Carthagena, Maracaybo and Santa Martha barks. All these barks are bitter, astringent, tonic, and eminently febrifuge. The yellow bark has been thought equal to any of the others, but the red contains more active principle. The discovery of their active principles is one of the most im- portant gifts of modern chymistry. Still, in per- nicious intermittents, the bark, in substance, is often demanded. It is employed in every disease in which there is deficient tone, but in cases where the stomach is much debilitated, the pow- der had better be avoided in consequence of the woody fibre, which might disagree. Externally, it is used in enemata, gargles, Ac, and in gan- grenous ulcerations. AVhen it excites nausea, an aromatic may be added to it; if purging, opium; if costiveness, rhubarb, Ac. Dose, gss to 5jj or more. Essential Salt of Bark, as it is called, is an extract, prepared by macerating the bruised substance of bark in cold water, and submitting the infusion to a very slow evaporation. CINCHONIA 207 CIRCULUS Cinchona Officinalis ( Cortex Flavus, ) Cinchonae cordifolias cortex—c. Pallida, Cinchonae lancifoliie cortex—c. of Virginia, Magnolia glauca. CINCHONIA, Cinchonine —c Tannate of, Quinae et cinchonias tannas. CINCH'ONINE, Cinehoni'na, Ginchonin, Cin- cho'nia. The active principle of Cincho'na lan- cifo'lia. An organic, crystalline alkali; of a white colour, and bitter, slightly astringent taste; very soluble in alcohol and ether, but almost in- soluble in water. Sulphate of Cinchonia, which is formed directly from cinchonia, is soluble in water and alcohol. The action of the sulphate of cinchonia is similar to that of the sulphate of quinia; but it is less energetic, and consequently requires to be given in a larger dose. Cinchonine, Tartrate of, see Quinine, tar- trate of. CIXCHONISM, Quininism. CINCIN'NULUS. A little lock or curl of hair. CINCIN'NUS. A curled or frizzled lock. The hair on the temples. CINCLICIS, Cinclis'mus, 'agitation; rapid and frequent motion.' The movement of the thorax in dyspnoea.—Hippocrates. It has been used, also, svnonyinously with nictation. CINCLISMUS, Cinclisis. CINEFACTIO, Incineration. CINE'MA, Cine'sis, from xivsia, 'I move.' Motion. CINERARIA MARITIMA, Achaovan, Abiat. CINERES CLAVELLATI, see Potash— c. Gravellati, see Potash — c. Russici, Potash of commerce. CINEREUS, Cineritious. CINERIT"IOUS, Ciner'eus, from cineres, 'ashes;' (F.) Cendre. Of the colour of ashes. The cortical substance of the brain, and the vesi- cular neurine in general, have been so called. See Cortex Cerebri, and Neurine. CINESIS, Cinema, Motion. CINETH'MICS, from xivtia, 'I move.' The science of movements in general. CINETIC, Motory. CINET'ICA. Same etymon. Diseases affect- ing the muscles, and characterized by irregular action of the muscles or muscular fibres, commonly denominated Spasm. The 3d order in the class Neurotica of Good. Also, agents that affect the voluntary or involuntary motions.—Pereira. CINETUS, Diaphragm. CINGULARIA, Lycopodium. CIN'GULUM, Zone, from cingo, 'I bind.' (F.) Ceinture. A cincture. A girdle. The part of the body, situate below the ribs, to which the girdle is applied. The waist. Cin'gulum Hilda'ni, Zo'nula Hilda'ni, (F.) Ceinture de Hildane. A leathern girdle formerly used for the reduction of luxations and fractures of the extremities. Cin'gulum Mercuria'le", C. Sapien'tia, C. Stultil'ia. A woollen girdle, containing mercu- rial ointment. It was used as an antisyphilitic, and in diseases of the skin. (F.) Ceinture de vif urgent. Cingulum Sancti Joannis, Artemisia vulgaris. CINIS F^ECUM, see Potash—c. Infectorius, see Potash. CINNABARIS, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- brum— c. Graseorum, see Calamus rotang. CINNAMOMUM, Laurus cinnamomum — c. Album, Canella alba—c. Aromaticum, see Laurus cinnamomum—c. Culilawan, Laurus Culilawan— c. Indicum, Laurus cassia — c. Masellanicum, Wintera aromatica—c Malabaricum, Laurus cas- gja—c. Zeylanicum, Laurus cinnamomum. CINNAMON, see Laurus cinnamomum — c. Malabar, Laurus cassia—c. Wild, Laurus cassia. CINON'OSI, from xivtu>, 'I move,' and voaog, 'a disease.' Diseases of motion. CINOPLANE'SIS, from Kivtu, 'I move,' and irXavnoig, 'a wandering about.' Irregularity of motion. CINQUEFOIL, Potentilla reptans—c. Marsh, Comarum palustre — c. Norway, Potentilla Nor- vegica. CINZILLA, Herpes zoster. CION, Uvula. CI'ONIS. The U'vula. Also, tumefaction, or elongation of the uvula; Staphylodial'ysin. CIONI'TIS, from xiovig, ' the uvula,' and itis, 'inflammation.' Inflammation of the uvula, Uvuli'tis. CIONORRHAPHIA, Staphyloraphy. CIOT'OMY, Ciotom'ia,Cionot'oxny, Cionotom'ia, from xaav, 'the uvula,' and ropn> 'incision.' Ex- cision of the uvula when too long. CIPIPA, see Jatropha manihot. CIRCiEA, Atropa mandragora, Circaoa Lute- tian a. Circe'a Lutetia'na, Circa'a, Paris'ran Cir- ca'a, from Circe, the enchantress; Enehant'ers' Nightshade, (F.) Herbe de Saint Eticnne, Herbe aux Sorciers. This plant, common in the vicinity of Paris, was formerly considered to be resolvent and vulnerary. It was also supposed to possess wonderful magical and enchanting properties. CIRCINUS, Herpes zoster. CIRCLE, Circulus — c Ciliary, Ciliary liga- ment— c of "Willis, see Circulus. CIRCOCELE, Cirsocele. CIRCONCISION, Circumcision. CIRCONFLEXE, Circumflexus. CIRGONSCRIT, Circumscribed. CIRCONVOLUTION, Convolution. CIRCUIT, Cireu'itus; in pathological lan- guage, generally means ' period,' ' course.' CIRCUITUS, Period, Circuit. CIR'CULAR, Circula'ris, from circulus, 'a circle.' (F.) Circulaire. Having the form of a circle ; as Circular Amputation, Ac The French use the expression "Une circu- laire," for a turn of a bandage around any part. Circular Sinus of Ridley, Sinus coronarius. CIRCULATION, Cireula'tio, Cyclo]>hor'ia, Periodus sailguinis, from circulus, ' a circle ;' or rather, from circum, 'around,' and ferre, latum, ' to carry.' (F.) Circulation. Physiologists give this name to the motion of the blood through the different vessels of the body—sanguimotion ;—to that function, by which the blood, setting out from the left ventricle of the heart, is distributed to every part of the body by the arteries ; — pro- ceeds into the veins, returns to the heart, enters the right auricle, and passes into the correspond- ing ventricle, which sends it into the pulmonary artery to be distributed to the lungs, whence it issues by the pulmonary veins, and passes into the left auricle. From this it is sent into the left ventricle, and is again distributed by means of the arteries. Circulation, Cap'illary, C. des Parenchymes, is that which takes place in the capillary vessels ; and is, in some measure, independent of the ac- tion of the heart. See Capillary Vessels. Circulation, Pi lmon'ic or lesser, is the cir- cle from the right to the left side of the heart by the lungs. — The greater or systematic or system'ic, is that through the rest of the system. CIRCULATOR, Charlatan. CIR'CULATORY, Circulato'rins ; same ety- mon as circulation. Relating to the circulation as of the blood ;—sanguimo'torx/. CIR'CULUS, A circle or'ring, Cyclu*. OV 08 CIRSOMPHALUS CIRCUMAGENTES 21 rios, (F.) Cercle. Any part of the body which is round or annular, as Cir'cuius Oc'uli—the globe, bulb, or orb of the eye.—Hippocr., Galen. It is, also, applied to objects, which by no means form a circle, — as to the Circle of Willis, Cir'cuius arterio'sus Willis'ii, which is an anastomotic circle at the base of the brain, formed by the anterior and the posterior cerebral arteries and the com- municating arteries of Willis. Circulus Arterio'sus I'ridis. The artery which runs round the iris, and forms a circle. Circulus Arteriosus Willisii, Circle of Wil- lis, see Circulus — c. Ciliaris, Ciliary ligament — 0. Membranosus, Hymen. Circulus Quad'ruplex ; a kind of bandage used by the ancients. Circulus Tonsillaris. A plexus formed by the tonsillitic branches of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve around the base of the tonsil. Circulus Veno'sus, Figu'ra veno'sa, Vena seu Sinus termina'lis. The venous circle in the em- bryo, which bounds the Area Vasculosa or Vascu- lar Area. CIRCUMAGENTES, Oblique muscles of the eye. CIRCUMCAULALIS MEMBRANA, Con- junctiva. CIRCUMCISIO, Circumcision — c. Fcemina- rum, see Circumcision. CIRCUMCISTON, Oircumcis'io, Posthet'omy, Pracis'io seu Abscis'io Prapu'tii, Circumcisu'ra, Circumsec'tio, Perit'ome, from circum, 'around,' and cadere, 'to cut.' (F.) Circoncision. An an- cient operation, performed by some nations as a religious ceremony. It consists in removing cir- cularly a portion of the prepuce of infants ;—a custom, which was probably suggested with a view to cleanliness. In cases of extraordinary length of prepuce, or when affected with disease, the operation is sometimes undertaken by sur- geons. A similar operation is performed, amongst the Egyptians, Arabians, and Persians, on the female, Cireumcis'io fcemina'rum, by removing a portion of the nymphas, and at times the clitoris. CIRCUMCISURA, Circumcision. CIRCUMDUCTIO, Perisphalsis. CIRCUMDUCTIONS OPIFEX, Obliquus superior oculi. CIRCUMFLEX, Circumflex'us, from circum, •around,' and flexus. 'bent.' (F.) Circonflexe. Curved circularly. A name given to several organs. Circumflex or Artic'ular Ar'teries of the arm are distinguished into anterior and poste- rior. They arise from the axillary, and are dis- tributed around the shoulder. Circumflex Arteries of the Thigh are dis- tinguished into external and internal,—A. Sous- trochanteriennes—Ch. They are given off from the Profunda, and surround the head of the thigh bone. Circumflex Muscle, Circumflexus Mus'cxtlus, Tensor Palu'ti, Peristaphyli'nus exter'nus vel in- ferior, Cir cum flex'us Pala'ti Mollis, Spheno-sal- pingo - staphyllnus seu Staphyllxius exter'xius, Mus'cuLus tuba nova, Palo!to-salpingeus, Pter'- ygo - staphyli'nus, Petro - salpin'go - staphyllnus, Spheno -pter'ygo -palati'nus, Salpingo - staphyli'- nus, (F.) Palato-salpingien. A muscle, which arises from the spinous process of the sphenoid b'»ne. and is inserted into the velum pendulum palati. Ite use is to stretch the velum. Circumflex Nerve. This arises from the brachial plexus by a common trunk with the museulo-spiral nerve. It divides into numerous branches, which are distributed to the deltoid. Circumflex Veins follow the arteries. CIRCUMFORANEUS, Charlatan. CIRCUMFU'SA. HaUg has thus designated the first class of subjects that belong to Hygiene — as atmosphere, climate, residence, Ac; in short, every thing which acts constantly on man externally and generallv. CIRCUMGYRATIO," Vertigo. CIRCUMLIGATURA, Paraphimosis. CIRCUMLIT"IO, from circumlino, ' I anoint all over.' Perich'risis, Perichris'ton. A term formerly used for liniments, but especially for those applied to the eyelids. CIRCUMOSSALE, Periosteum. CIR'CUMSCRIBED, Circum scrip'trts, (F.)Cir- conscrit. A term applied, in pathology, to tu- mours, which are distinct at their base from the surrounding parts. CIRCUMSECTIO, Circumcision. CIRCUMArALLATJE PAPILLiE, see Papilla? of the Tongue. CIRE JAUNE ET BLANCHE, Cera flava et alba—e. des Oreilles, Cerumen. CIRIOS, Circulus. CIR ON, Acarus, Psora. CIRRHAGRA, Plica — c. Polonorum, Plica. CIRRHON'OSUS; from xippog, 'yellow,' and vocog, ' disease.' A disease of the foetus, in which there is a yellow coloration of the serous mem- branes.—Siebenhaar. CIRRHOSE DU FOIE, Cirrhosis. CIRRHO'SIS, Cirrhono'sis, Kirrhono'sis, from xippog, 'yellow.' A yellow colouring matter, sometimes secreted in the tissues, owing to a morbid process. Also, called Cirx-ho'sis or Kir- rho'sis. Cirrho'sis Hep'atis, see Hepatatrophia, Gran'ulated, gran'ular, mam'millated, tuber'cu- lated, and hob-nailed liver, (F.) Cirrhose du Foie. It appears to be dependent upon repletion of the terminal extremities of the biliary ducts with bile, along with atrophy of the intervening pa- renchyma. Hence the liver is smaller in size, or atrophied. Cirrhosis Hepatis, see Cirrhosis. Cirrhosis of the Lung, Cirrho'sis pulmo'num. Dr. Corrigan has described a condition of the lung under this name, the general character of which he considers to be a tendency to consoli- dation or contraction of the pulmonary tissue, with dilatation of the bronchial tubes. Cirrhosis Pulmonum, C. of the Lung. CIR'SIUM ARVEN'SE, Car'duus hemorrho- 'ida'lis, Ceano'thos, (F.) Chardon hemorrhoidal. A common plant, used in France in the form of cataplasm in hemorrhoids; and worn as an amulet. CIRSIUM MACULATUM, Carduus marianus. CIRSOCE'LE, Circoce'le, Cirsos'eheum, from xipoog, 'varix,' and xnXn, 'hernia;' Vor'icose Her'- nia. The greater part of authors have employed the term synonymously with Varicocele. Pott gives it a different signification. Varicocele, he calls the tumour formed by the veins of the scro- tum ; Circocele, Funic'ulus varico'sus, the vari- cose dilatation of the spermatic veins. The scro- tum feels as if it contained earthworms. It is commonly an affection of no consequence, de- manding merely the use of a suspensory bandage. CIRSOl'DES, Cirso'des, from xipoog, ' varix,' and tihig, 'resemblance.' Varicose, or resembling a varix. Rufus of Ephesus, according to James, applies this term to the upper part of the brain, as well as to the spermatic vessels. CIRSOM'PHALUS, from xipoog, ' varix,' and opipaXog, 'navel.' Varicose dilatation of the veins surrounding the navel. The term has, likewise, been applied to the aneurismal dilatation of the arteries of that region; called also, Varicomph'- alus, (F.) Hargne anevrysmale, Aneurismal Hernia. CIRSOPHTHALMIA 209 CITRUS CIRSOPHTHAL'MIA, Cirsophthal'mus, Te- langiectasia oculi, from xipaog, ' varix,' and oip- SaXpog, ' the eye;' Var'icose ophthalmia, Oph- thalmia varico'sa, Varicos'itas conjunctiva. A high degree of ophthalmia, in which the vessels of the coniunctiva are considerably injected. CIRSOSCHEUM, Cirsocele. CIRSOT'OMY, Cirsotom'ia, from xipaog, 'a 'varix,' and ro/iij, 'an incision.' Any operation for the removal of varices by incision. CIRSUS, Varix. _ CIRSYDROSCHEOCE'LE, from xipoog, 'va- rix,' 'vSo>p, 'water,' oaxtov, the 'scrotum.' Vari- cocele with water in the scrotum. CISEAUX, Scissors. CISSA, Malacia. CISSAMPELOS, Pareira brava. Cissam'pelos Capen'sis, Nat. Ord. Menisper- maceae, grows in almost every mountainous part of the Cape of Good Hope. The root is used as an emetic and cathartic by the Boers. CISSARUS, Cistus Creticus. CISSI'NUM, from xioaog, 'ivy.' Name of a plaster of ivy, used in wounds of the nerves or tendons.—Paulus of iEgina. CISSOIDES, Capreolaris. CISSOS. Hedera helix. CISTERN, LUMBAR, Receptaculum chyli. CISTER'NA, from xwrn, (L.) Cista, 'a chest.' (F.) Cite me. This term has been applied to va- rious parts of the body, which serve as reservoirs for different fluids. The fourth ventricle of the brain has been so called.—Arantius. Cisterna Chyli, Receptaculum chyli. CISTHORUS, Cistus Creticus. CISTOCELE, Cystocelc. CISTUS CANADENSIS, Helianthemum Ca- nadensis. Cistus Cre'ticus, 0. salrifo'lius seu tou'ricue, Cis'thorus, Cis'sarus, Dorycin'ium, Gum Cistus. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. The syste- matic name of the plant whence the Labda'num, Labda'men or Lada'num, Gum'mi Labda'num, is obtained. Lada'num is a gum-resinous substance, of a very agreeable smell, found in the shops in great masses. Its colour is blackish-green; taste, warm and bitter. It is but little used now. For- merly, it was a component of warm plasters, and was prescribed internally as a stomachic. Lada- num is also obtained from Cistus ladanif 'erus, and C. laurifo'lius. Cistus, Gum, Cistus Creticus — c. Salvifolius, C. Creticus—c. Tauricus, C. Creticus. CITERNE LOME AIRE, Receptaculum chyli. CITHARUS, Thorax. CITRAGO, Melissa. CITRARIA, Melissa. CITRAS CHINICUS, Quiniae citras. CITREA MALUS, see Citrus medica, CITREOLUS, Cucumis sativus. CITRIC ACID, Acidum cit'ricum, Acid of Le- mons, Ac"idum Lixno'num, (F.) Acide citrique. This acid is found in the lemon, orange, Ac. It Is in rhomboidal prisms, which slightly effloresce on exposure to the air. It dissolves in a twelfth part of its weight in boiling water, and has an extremely acid but agreeable taste. It is em- ployed in medicine as antiseptic, refrigerant and diuretic. Rubbed up with sugar and with a little of the essence of lemon, it forms the dry Lemon- ade, (F.) Limonade sZche. CITRINE OINTMENT, Unguentum hydrar- gyri nitratis. CITRON, see Citrus medica,—c. Tree, see Ci- trus medica. CITRONELLE, Artemisia abrotanum, Me- lissa. 14 CITRUL, SICILIAN, Cucurbita citrullug. CITRULLUS, Cucurbita citrullus. Citrullus Ama'rus. An African plant, Nat. Ord. Cucurbitaceae, called by the Boers Ritter- appel or Wild Watermelon, the pulp of which, like that of colocynth, is a drastic cathartic. Citrullus Colocynthis, Cucumis colocynthis. CITRUS, see Citrus medica — c. Acida, see Lime. Citrus Axtran'tium. The systematic name of the Orange Tree, Auran'tium, A. Hispalen'se, Malus Auran'tia Major, Malus Auran'tia, Axtran'- tium vulga're, Malus Auran'tia vulga'ris, Ci'trus vulga'ris. Nat. Ord. Aurantiaceas. Sex. Syst. Polyadelphia Icosandria. The fruit are called Mala Au'rea, Chrysome'lia, Neran'tia, Martio'na Poma, Poma Auran'tia, Auran'tia Curassav'ica, Poma Chinen'sia, Oranges. The Flowers of the Orange, Flores Napha, are highly odoriferous, and used as a perfume. On distillation, they yield a small quantity of essential oil — O'leum Auran'tii, Oleum vel Essen1 tia Nero'li, — with spirit and water, the Aqua Florum Auran'tii, Aqua aurantii, Oraxige-flower water. They were once used in convulsive and epileptic cases. The leaves, Fo'lia Auran'tii, have a bitterish taste, and furnish an essential oil. They have been used for the same purposes as the flowers. The yellow rind of the fruit, Cortex Auran'tii, Orange Peel, is an aromatic bitter, and is used in dys- pepsia, and where that class of remedies is re- quired. The Juice, Succus Auran'tii, Orange juice, is a grateful acid, and used as a beverage in febrile and scorbutic affections. Citrus Bergamia, Citrus melia rosa—c. Li- metta, see Citrus melia rosa. Citrus Med'ica, C.Limo'num. The systematic name of the Lemon Tree. The Lemon, Limo'num malum, Limo'num Paeca, Malna Med'ica, Maine Limo'nia Ac"ida, Limon, Cit'rea Malus, Citrus, (F.) Citron, Cedrat, has a fragrant odour, depend- ing upon the essential oil, O'leum Limo'nia, of the rind. The outer rind, Cortex Limo'num, Lemon Peel, Zest, Flave'do Corticxtm Citri, is used in the same cases as the Cortex Auran'tii. The juice, Succus Limo'nis, (F.) Sue du Limon, Sue de Citron, is sharp, but gratefully acid, the acidity depending upon the citric acid it con- tains, and is given as a refrigerant beverage in febrile affections. In doses of half an ounce to an ounce, three times a day, it has appeared to exert a markedly sedative influence on the circulation, and has been given, apparently with benefit, in acute rheumatism and rheumatio gout. Alone, or combined with wine, it is prescribed in scurvy, putrid sore throat, Ac. Its general pro- perties are refrigerant and antiseptic. Sweetened and diluted, it forms Lemonade. Ax-tiflcial lemon- juice is made by dissolving an ounce of citric acid in fourteen fluidounces of water; adding a few drops of essence of lemon. Lemonpeel tea, or water, is made by paring the rind of one lemon, previously rubbed with half an ounce of sugar: the peelings and sugar are then put into a jar, and a quart of boiling water it poured over them. AVhen cold, the fluid must be poured off, and a tablespoonful of lemon juice be added. It is an agreeable drink in fevers. Cilron Tree is likewise considered to belong to the same species — Cit'rus Med'ica. Its fruit is called cedrome'la. It is larger and less succu- lent than the lemon. Citron juice, when sweet- ened with sugar, is called by the Italians Ayro di Cedro. Citrus Mella Rosa of De Lamarck, another CITTA 210 CLAVUS variety of Citrus Medica, affords the Bergamote, as also do Citrus Limet'ta and 0. Rerga'mia. Citrus Vulgaris, Citrus aurantium. CITTA Malacia. CITTARA, MINERAL WATERS OF. These springs are in the Isle of Ischia, near the sea. They contain carbonate and sulphate of lime, and chloride of sodium. Their temperature is 100° Fahrenheit. CITTOS, Hedera helix. CITTOSIS, Chlorosis, Malacia. CIVETTA, Zib'ethum, Civ'et, (F.) Civette. An unctuous perfume, of a very penetrating odour, obtained from different mammalia of the Viver'ra kind, particularly from Viver'ra civet'ta. It is contained in a fold of the skin, situate between the anus and the organs of generation. CLABBER, Bonnyclabber. CLABBERGRASS, Galium verum. CLADES GLANDULARIA, Plague. CLADISCOS, Ramusculus. CLADONIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus. Clado'nia Rangifer'rina. The ancients re- garded this European plant as pectoral and sto- machic It enters into the composition of the Poudre de Chx/pre. CLADOS, Ramus. CLADRAS'TIS TINCTO'RIA, Virgil'ia, Yel- low Ash, Fustic Tree, Yellow Locust. An indi- genous tree, which flourishes from Kentucky to Alabama. The bark of the tree and the roots are cathartic CLAIRET, Claret. CLAIRVOYANCE (F.), 'Clear-seeing.' A clearness of sight, said to be communicated by animal magnetism, which not only enables the magnetized persons to see in the dark, through stone walls, Ac, but even to observe prospects, whilst he may fancy he is flying in the air, which he has never seen previously. It need hardly be said, that the possession of such powers is fabulous. CLAMMY AVEED, Polanisea graveolens. CLAMOR, Cry. CLANGOR, Oxyphonia. CLAP, Gonorrhoea, impura. CLAPIER (F.), A clapper, Latib'ulum, from KXcureiv, 'to conceal.' A purulent foyer of dis- ease ; concealed in the flesh or under the skin. See Sinus. CLAPAVORT, Orobanche Americana. CLA Q UEMENT, Odontosynerismus. CLAR'ET, (Vin clair [?]), Clare'tum, Vin de Bordeaux, (F.) Clairet. A pleasant French wine, which may be used whenever wine is required. Also, a wine impregnated with spice and sugar, called likewise Vinum Hippocral icum seu Medi- ca'tum, Potus Hippocral icus, Hip'pocrae, Hyp'- pocras. Schroder speaks of a Clare'tum alterans, and a C. purqans. CLARETA, Albumen ovi. CLARETUM, Claret. CLARIFICATION, Clarifica'tio,Depura'tion, from clarus, 'clear,' and facio, 'I make.' A phar- maceutical operation, which consists in separating from a liquid every insoluble substance, held in suspension by it, that affects its transparency. Decanting and filtering are the operations neces- |ary for this purpose. CLARY, COMMON, Salvia sclarea. CLASIS, Fracture. CLASMA, Fracture. CLASS, Olas'sis, (F.) Classe. An assemblage of a certain number of objects. In Natural His- tory and in Medicine, a group of objects or indi- viduals having one or more common characters. The classes are divided into orders, the orders into genera, the genera into species, and these last into varieties. CLASSIFICATION, Classifica'tio, from classis, 'a class,' and facio, ' I make.' The formation of classes. A methodical distribution of any objects whatever into classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. See Nosography, and Nosology. CLASSY, MINERAL AVATERS OF. Classy is near Laon in Picardy, France. The waters are chalybeate. CLAUDICATIO, Claudication — c. Anatica, Vacillatio. CLAUDICATION, Claudica'tio, from claudi- care, 'to be lame.' The act of halting or limp- ing. Lameness, Clau'ditas, Cholo'sis, Cholei'a, Cholo'ma, (F.) Claudication, Boitement. This condition does not constitute any special disease, but is produced by different causes or affections. It may be the result of the shortening or elonga- tion of one of the lower limbs, of ankylosis of the joints, palsy of the muscles, pain, Ac. CLAUDITAS, Claudication. CLAUSTRUM GUTTURIS, Isthmus of the fauces — c. Palati, Velum pendulum palati — c. Virginitatis, Hymen. CLAUSU'RA, from claudere, 'to shut.' An imperforation of any canal or cavity. Clausu'ra Uteri. Preternatural imperfora- tion of the uterus. CLAVA MYOSA, Acorus calamus. CLAVALIER A FEUILLES DE FRENE, Xanthoxylum clava Herculis. CLAVA'RIA CORALLOI'DES, Coralldides Fungus, Coralwort. Said to be corroborant and astringent. A kind of clavaria, called (F.) Digital blanc, Digital humain, Champignon de Vappareil des fractures, formed of digitations, grouped to- gether, and two or three inches in length, is said to have been often found, formerly at the H6tel Dieu of Paris, on the splints of white wood used in the treatment of fractures, in autumn.—H.Cloquet. CLAArATIO, Gomphosis. CLA VEA U, Murr. CLA VELEE, Murr. CLAVES CALVARLE, Wormiana Ossa. CLAVICLE, Clavic'ula, Clavis, Claiic'ulns, Lig'ula, Fur'cula, Os Jug'uli, Jug'ulum, Cleis, Clei'dion, from clavis, 'a key,' (F.) Clavicule. The collar-bone. The clavicle is shaped like the letter S, and is placed transversely at the upper part of the thorax. It is articulated, at one ex- tremity, with the sternum ; at the other with the acromion process of the scapula. It gives attach- ment, above, to the Sterno-cleido mastoideus; be- low, to the Subclavixis; before, to the Pectoralis major and Deltoides ; and behind, to the Trape- zius. It serves as a point of support for the muscles of the arm, and protects the vessels and nerves passing to that extremity. The fibres, connecting the lamellae or plates of bones, have also been called Clavic'uli or Noils. CLAVICULAR, Clavicula'ris; same etymon. Relating to the clavicle or collar-bone. Clavicular Nerves, Nervi clavicula'res. Branches of the fourth cervical nerve, which are distributed to the clavicular region. CLAVICULE, Clavicle. CLAArICULI, see Clavicle. CLAVIS, Clavicle, Key—c. Anglica, Key. CLA\TUS. A nail. Helos, Gomphos, (F.) Clou. This word is employed in medicine in various senses. It means, 1. A Corn, from its resemblance to the head of a nail. 2. Certain condylomatous excrescences of the uterus. 3. A callous tumour, which forms on the white of the eye, and resembles a nail, the Clavus Oc'uli, (F.) Clou de I'ceil. This last, by some, is considered CLEANSINGS 211 CLIMATE to be synonymous with staphyloma; by others, with staphyloma of the cornea. Also, the penis. Clavus Hyster'icus, Monopa'gia, Monope'- gia, (F.) Clou hysterique. An acute pain, con- fined to a small point of the head, described by the sick as resembling that which would be pro- duced by a nail driven into the head. It has been particularly noticed in hysterical females;— hence its name. It is called Ovum hyster'icum, when the pain occupies a greater extent. Clavus Secalinus, Ergot—c. Secalis, Ergot— C Siliginis, Ergot. CLEANSINGS, Lochia. CLEAR-SEEING, Clairvoyance. CLEARAVEED, Pilea pumila. CLEAArAGE; from Anglo-Saxon cleojran, 'to split.' The natural line of separation exhibited by certain substances, as minerals, when sub- jected to mechanical force. The term has been applied to the separation of muscles into longitu- dinal and circular striae, when mechanical violence is used. CLEAATIRS, Galium aparine. Cleavers' Bees, Galium aparine. CLEAVEWORT, Galium verum. CLEF DU CRANE, Wormianum os — c. de Garengeot, Key—c. d Noix, see Key—c. d Pivot, see Key—c. d Pompe, see Key. CLEFT, Rima, see Monster — c. Palate, see Harelip. CLEIDAGRA, Cleisagra. CLEIDION, Clavicle. CLEIDO-COSTAL, Costo-clavicular. CLEI'DO-MASTOI'DEUS. Albinus thus de- signates the posterior portion of the sterno-cleido- mastoideus, which he considers a separate muscle. It has been corrupted into clino-mastoideus. CLEIS, Clavicle, Key. CLEIS'AGRA, Cleid'agra, from KXtig, 'the clavicle,' and aypa, 'a seizure.' Gout in the clavicle.—A. Pare. CLEMATIS DAPHNOIDES MAJOR, Vinca minor—c. Corymbosa, C. erecta. Clem'atis Erect'a, C. recta seu flam'mxtla seu corymbo'so, Clematitis erec'ta, Flam'mula Jovis, Upright Virgin's Bower, (F.) Ciematite droite. Family, Ranunculaceas. Sex. Syst. Po- lyandria Polygynia. The leaves contain an acrid principle. They have been esteemed anti-vene- real ; and, in the form of powder, have been used as an escharotic. Clematis Flammula, C. erecta—c. Recta, C. erecta—c. Sepiuin, c. Vitalba. Clematis Vital'ba, C. se'pium seu sylves'tris, Vitalba, Vior'na, Atra'gene, Traveller's Joy, Common Virgin's Bower, (F.) Ciematite, Herbe mix gueux, Aubevigne. It has been used in the same cases as the former. In infusion it has been applied in cases of itch. The leaves of Clematis Crispa—c. Flammula, sweet-scented Virgin's bower—c. A'irgin'ica, common Virgin's bower---and C. VlORNA, Lea- ther-flower, have similar properties. CIEMATITE, Clematis vitalba —c. Droite, Clematis recta. Clematitis Erecta, Clematis erecta. CLEO'NIS COLLYR'IUM. A coll'yrium de- scribed by Celsus, composed of equal parts of Samian earth, myrrh, and thus, mixed with white of egg. Cleonis Gluten. An astringent formula of myrrh, frankincense, and white of egg. CLEP'SYDRA, from xXtirrw, ' I conceal,' and 'vhop, ' water.' An instrument contrived by Pa- racelsus to convey fumigation to the uterus. CLEPTOMANIA, Kleptomania. CLEVES, MINERAL WATERS OF. This spring is a quarter of a league from Cleves, in Westphalia. It contains carbonate and sulphate of iron. CLIFFORT'IA ILICIFO'LIA. Nat. Ord. Rosaceas. A common South African plant, used by the Boers as an emollient expectorant in ca- tarrh. CLIFTON, CLIMATE OF. The vicinity of Clifton and of Bristol, England, appears to be the mildest and driest climate in the west of England; and, consequently, the best winter re- sidence, in that part of the country, for invalids. It is, also, a favourable summer climate, and is surrounded by numerous places of agreeable re- sort, suited for those who may pass the season there. For the mineral waters of Clifton, see Bristol Hot Well. 0L1GNEMENT, Nictation, Seardamygmus. CLIGNOTEMENT, Nictation. CLIMA, Climate. CLIMACTERIC, Olimacter'icus, Climater'i- cus, from xXipaxrnp, 'a step.' (F.) Olimacterique ou Climaterique. A word, which properly signi- fies 'by degrees.' It has been applied to certain times of life, regarded to be critical. At present, the word Climacteric is chiefly ap- plied to certain periods of life, at which great, changes occur, independently of any numerical estimate of years. Such are the period of pu- berty in both sexes : that of the cessation of the menses in women, Ac. Climacteric Years, Anni Olimacter'id, are, according to some, all those in the life of man, which are multiples of the number 7, Septen'ni- ads. Others have applied the term to years, re- sulting from the multiplication of 7 by an odd number. Some have admitted only three cli- macterics; others, again, have extended them to multiples of 9. Most, however, have considered the 63d year as the Grand Climacteric; — 63 being the product of the multiplication of 7 by 9, and all have thought that the period of three, seven, or nine, which they respectively adopted, was necessary to the entire renewal of the body; so that there was, at these times, in the economy, none of the parts of which it had previously con- sisted. The climacteric years have also been culled, (Anni) hebdomad'ici, scala'res, grada'rii, scan'siles, gexieihliaci, nutalil'ii, fata'les, crit'ici, decreto'rii, hero'ici, Ac. All the notions on the subject are essentially allied to the doctrine of numbers of Pythagoras. CLIMATE, C/ima, Inelina'tio cceli, (F.) Cli- mat, Gr. xXtpa, 'a region.' In geography, the word climate is applied to a space on the terres- trial globe, compiised between two circles paral- lel to the equator, and arbitrarily measured ac- cording to the length of the days. In a hygienic point of view, we understand by climate, since Hippocrates, a country or region, which may differ from another in respect to season, qualities of the soil, heat of atmosphere, Ac. Climate, in- deed, embraces, in a general manner, all tho physical circumstances belonging to each region, — circumstances which exert considerable influ- ence on living beings. The dark complexion of the inhabitants of the torrid zone is easily distinguishable from the paleness of those of the frigid, — so are the diseases. They are all modified, more or less, by climate or locality. Hot climates predispose to abdominal complica- tions in febrile affections; cold climates to tho- racic, Ac. One of the most important considerations with regard to climates is their comparative fitness for the residence of invalids, and especially of those CLIMATE 212 CLIMATE who are liable to, or suffering under catarrhal or consumptive affections. The great object, in such cases, is to select a climate which will ad- mit of regular and daily exercise in the open air, so that the invalid may derive every advantage which this form of revulsion is capable of effect- ing. To an inhabitant of the northern and mid- dle portions of the United States—and the same applies to Great Britain, France, and the north- ern parts of the old world—a more southern cli- mate alone affords these advantages in an emi- nent degree. During the summer months, there are few, if any, diseases, which require a milder climate than that of the United States, or of the milder districts of Europe. The temperature of the winter months is, consequently, the most im- portant object of attention. Equability of tem- perature is essential, inasmuch as all sudden changes interfere with the great desideratum— exercise in the open air. In the whole continent of North America the changes are very sudden and extensive. It is not uncommon for the range to be 40°, between two successive days. So far, therefore, as this applies, the American climate is not well adapted to the invalid. In the southern portions, however, of the Union, this objection is counterbalanced by many advan. tages. The following tables exhibit the mean tempe- rature of the year, and of the different seasons— with the mean temperature of the warmest and coldest months at different places in America, Europe, Africa, Ac, as deduced from the excel. lent paper of Von Humboldt on Isothermal Lines, the Meteorological Registers kept by the surgeons of the United States army, the work of Sir James Clark on Climate, Ac. Certain of the tables show the mean monthly temperature, maximum, minimum and range, as well as the greatest daily, and mean daily range during the corresponding months — but of diffe- rent years—at some of the prominent retreats for the valetudinarian in Great Britain, on the con- tinent of Europe, and in the African islands. It is proper, however, to remark, that in no situa- tions, except in those to which an asterisk is affixed, was the register thermometer used. In the others, the observations were made during the day only, and consequently the numbers given are far below the real range throughout the twenty four hours. The places are ranged in the order of their mean temperature. Table of Maximum , Minimum, and Range of Temperature. Places. December. January. February. March. April. Max. Min. Range Max. Min. Range Max. Min. Range Max. Min. Range Max. Min. Ranje Sidmouth*......... 54 56 56 57 59 60 61 68 25 34 25 32 40 31 34 52 29 22 31 25 19 29 27 16 47 54 56 53 58 58 58 69 21 28 21 27 27 29 29 50 26 26 35 26 31 29 29 19 52 55 60 55 58 60 60 68 27 33 35 30 37 33 31 51 25 22 25 25 21 27 29 17 56 59 65 58 65 65 69 69 26 34 35 35 41 37 38 51 30 25 30 23 24 28 31 18 60 62 71 64 69 74 78 72 31 36 43 41 46 44 43 55 29 26 28 23 23 30 35 17 Pau................ Table of Mean Temperature. Places. December. January. February. March. Arm,. 43 .00 46.50 41 .53 46.00 48 .60 49 .62 50 .50 60 .50 36.30 43.00 38 .89 42 .00 45 .85 47.65 46 .50 59 .50 42 .00 44.50 44.96 45 .00 49 .00 49 .45 48.50 58 .50 45 .00 46.50 46 .80 47 .00 51 .45 52 .05 52.00 61 .06 51.00 48 . 50 55. 79 53. 00 57. 00 56.40 57.00 62.50 Pau................ Table of Daily Range of Temperature. Places. December. January. February. March. April. 3 >> o ■= Si Ja 5 i" 0 2 •a £ 6 5 3 7 9 6 9 9 11 13 13 14 15 13 14 4 7 8 8 11 9 11 13 16 16 16 14 17 6 9 9 9 10 11 9 12 16 18 18 19 13 8 9 14 9 12 11 10 12 17 17 19 18 14 9 8 14 11 13 14 9 13 18 18 20 20 13 CLIMATE 213 CLIMATE 1. AMERICA, Ac. Places. I Mean tem- perature of several i temperature of different seasons. Mean temperature of Winter. Spring. Summer. Autumn. Nain.............. Fort Brady, Mich... Quebec, L. C....... Eastport, Me....... Port Howard, Mich. Port Crawford, Miss. Cambridge, Mass.... Council Bluffs, Miss. Newport, R.I....... Philadelphia....... New York......... Cincinnati......... Monticello, Va...... Washington, D. C.. Smithville, N. C____ Charleston, S. C..... Natchez, Miss...... Pensacola, Plor..... St. Augustine, do... Tampa Bay, do... Vera Cruz. Havana .. Bahamas Barbadoes Cumana .. 57°.08' 46 .39 46. 47 44 .54 44 .40 43 .03 42 .21 41 .25 41 .30 39 .56 40 .40 39 .06 37 .58 38 .53 34 .00 32 .47 31 .34 30 .28 29 .48 27 .57 19 .11 23 .10 26 .40 to 27 .5 13 .10 10 .27 26°.42' 41 .37 41 .74 42 .44 44 .50 45 .52 50 .36 50 .82 51 .02 53 .42 53 .78 53 .78 55 .40 55 .56* 58 .88 60 .18 64 .76 68 .77t 72 .23 72 .37 77 .72 78 .08 78 .3* 79 .3 81 .86 0°.60 14 .09 14 .18 23 .44 20 .82 23 .76 33 .98 27 .38 33 .82 32 .18 29 .84 32 .90 37 .67 36 .80 53 .44 51 .09 48 .56 55 .13 59 .29 61 .24 71 .96 71 .24 71. 76 .7 80 .24 23°.60 37 .89 38 .04 38 .58 41 .40 43 .09 47 .66 46 .38 46 .87 51 .44 51 .26 54 .14 54 .67 53 .83 64 .76 66 .73 65 .48 69 .67 71 .47 72 .93 77 .90 78 .98 77. 19. 83 .66 48°.38 61 .83 68 .00 60 .54 68 .70 69 .78 70 .70 72 .84 68 .70 73 .94 79 .16 72 .86 73 .33 75 .90 80 .46 80 .89 79 .16 82 .57 82 .73 80 .14 81 .50 83 .30 83. 81. 82 .04 33°.44 43 .94 46 .04 45 .43 45 .18 46 .74 49 .82 48 .60 53 .83 56 .48 54 .50 54 .86 56 .50 56 .59 68 .15 67 .55 66 .02 69 .05 75 .15 75 .26 78 .62 78 .98 51°.80 62 .87 73 .40 63 .52 73 .67 71 .34 72 .86 75 .92 71 .46 77 .00 80 .78 74 .30 75 .00 79 .13 82 .93 82 .81 79 .70 83 .55 83 .94 80 .72 81 .86 83 .84 24 84 .38 11°.20 12 .65 13 .81 20 .91 17 .95 20 .14 29 .84 27 .19 32 .14 32 .72 25 .34 30 .20 36 .00 34 .66 50 .69 49 .43 46 .94 53 .80 56 .60 58 .70 71 .06 69 .98 64. 79 .16 St. Louis, Missouri, Lat. 38° 46' Mean temp. 55° .86. New Harmony. Lat. 38° 11'. Mean temp. 56° .74 New Orleans, Lat. 30°. Mean temp. 69° .01. Baton Rouge, Lat. 30° .26'. Mean temp. 68° .07. Jamaica, coast, Mean temp. 80° .6. 2. EUROPE, AFRICA, Ac. Latitude. Mean tem- perature of Mean temperature of different seasons. Winter. Spring. Summer. Autumn Mean temperature of nth. Geneva.......... Gosport.......... Newport, Isle of Wight Sidmouth......... Penzance......... Undercliff........ Hastings......... Bute............. Cove of Cork...... Jersey............ Paris............. Pau.............. Sienna........... Nantes........... Bordeaux......... Montpellier....... Avignon.......... Florence......... Nice............. Marseilles........ Toulon........... Leghorn.......... Genoa............ Pisa............. Rome............ Naples........... St. Michaels, Azores Cadiz............ Madeira, Funchal... Algiers............ Canaries, Santa Cruz Cairo 48°.12' 48 .1 50 .40 52 .11 50 .52 55 .42 51 .54 49 .13 48 .50 43 .7 43 .24 47 .13 44 .50 43 .36 43 .46 43 .42 43 .17 43 .07 43 .33 44 .25 43 .43 41 .53 40 .54 37 .47 36 .32 32 .37 36 .48 28 .28 30 .02 49°.28 50 .24 51 .00 52 .10 51 .80 51 .11 57 .00 48 .25 51 .58 53 .06 51 .08 54 .95 55 .60 55 .62t 56 .48 57 .60 58 .20 59 .00 59 .48 59 .50| 59 .90 60 .00« 60 .37 60 .60 60 .40 61 .40 62 .40 62 .88 64 .56 69 .98 70 .94 72 .32 London, Lat. 51° .30'. Mean temp. 50° .36. Perpipnan, Mean temp. 59° .54. Nismes, Mean temp. 00° .26. 34°.70 40 .44 40 .31 40 .43 44 .03 42 .14 40 .11 39 .62 43 .90 43 .82 38 .66 41 .79 40 .50 42 .23 42 .08 44 .20 42 .60 44 .30 47 .82 45 .50 43 .30 46 .30 44 .57 46 .03 45 .86 48 .50 57 .83 52 .90 59 .50 61 .52 64 .65 58 .46 47°.66 47 .63 49 .00 50 .66 49 .63 29 .26 45 .77 46 .66 49 .43 50 .97 49 .28 54 .96 54 .10 53 .10 56 .46 53 .33 57 .13 56 .00 56 .23 57 .56 53 .70 57 .60 58 .60 57 .20 57 .74 58 .50 61 .17 59 .53 62 .20 65 .66 68 .87 73 .58 64°.94 62 .00 63 .09 63 .83 60 .70 60 .28 60 .45 58 .02 61 .26 62 .84 64 .58 67 .41 70 .80 70 .73 70 .88 71 .30 74 .66 74 .00 72 .26 72 .50 74 .30 74 .10 74 .03 75 .15 75 .20 70 .83 68 .33 70 .43 69 .33 80 .24 76 .68 85 .10 50°.00 50 .88 51 .63 53 .50 53 .36 52 .76 51 .00 48 .59 51 .73 54 .63 51 .44 55 .64 57 .10 56 .41 56 .30 61 .30 59 .00 60 .70 61 .63 60 .08 59 .00 62 .00 62 .94 62 .80 62 .78 64 .50 62 .33 65 .35 67 .23 72 .50 74 .17 71 .42 5°.56 65 .30 70 .52 73 .04 77 .00 82 .76 85 .82 34°.16 36 .14 39 .02 41 .00 42 .26 60 .08 56 .12 Environs of London. Mean temp. 48° .81. Lyons, Mean temp. 55° .70. 114 CLONUS CLIMATERIC 2 In the United States, the most favourable re- gion for the phthisical invalid is that of Florida, —especially of Pensacola. St. Augustine is fre- quently chosen, but it is liable to north-east storms, which interfere with the out-door move- ments of the valetudinarian, and are the source of much discomfort. Still, great benefit has often been derived from it as a winter retreat. Of the Atlantic Isles, Madeira appears to be best adapted for the consumptive, and those affected with chronic bronchitis. In Italy, Rome, and Pisa,— and in England, Torquay and Undercliff, are to be preferred. Chronic rheumatism and gout are benefited by a warm climate, which, again; is un- favourable to those who are predisposed to cere- bral diseases, especially to such as are charac- terized by debility and mobility of the nervous system—as paralysis, epilepsy, mania, Ac. Hypo- chondriasis and dyspepsia require rather change of climate and travelling exercise than a sojourn in any one. (See the Author's Human Health, Philad. 1844.) For the mortality of different countries and cities, see Mortality. CLIMATERIC, Climacteric. CLIMATIC, Climalieus. Belonging to, or dependent upon climate. Climatic Diseases, Morbi climat'ici, are such as are caused by climate. CLIMBER, WOODY, Ampelopsis quinque- folia. CLINE, xXivn, 'a bed.' Hence: CLINIATER, Clinical physician. CLINIATRIA, Clinical medicine. CLINIATRUS, Clinical physician. CLINIC, see Clinique. CLINICA, Clinical medicine. CLIN'ICAL, Cliilicua, (F.) Clinique, from xXivn, 'a bed.' Relating to a bed. Clinical Lecture, (F.) Lecon Clinique. One given at the bed-side, or on a particular case or cases. Clinical Med'icine, Cliniatri'o, Clin'ica, Clin'- ice, (F.) Medecine clinique. That which is occu- pied with the investigation of diseases at the bed-side, or individually. Clinical Physician, Clinia'ter, Clinia'trus. One who teaches clinical medicine. CLINICE, Clinical medicine. CLINIC CM, Clinique. CLINIQUE(F.), Clinical. Clinique,Clin'icum, is also used substantively, for Ecole Clinique or Clinical School: a school in which medicine is taught by examining diseases on the patients themselves. Thus, the French say,—La Clinique de la Charite : " The Clinical School of the Hos- pital La CharitS." The term has been intro- duced into this country, and anglicised Clinic. CLINODES, Clinoid. CLINOID, Clinoi'des, Olino'des, ClinoVdeus, from xXivn, 'a bed,' and tiiog, 'form.' Resem- bling a bed. Clinoid Proc"esses, (F.) Apophyses clindides, are four processes at the upper surface of the sphenoid bone, which have been compared to the posts of a bed. On them the pituitary gland rests. They are divided into anterior and poste- rior. Each of the anterior terminates in a point called Transverse Spinous Process. CLINOIDEUS, Clinoid. OLINOPODIA, Thymus mastichina. CLINOPODIUM ARVENSE, C. vulgare — c. Majus, C. vulgare. Clinopo'dium Vulga'rS, from xXivn, 'a bed,' and irovg, ' foot,' so called from the shape of its flowers, C/inopodium arven'se seu majus, Oc"y- mnm sylvestre, Thymus sylvat'icus, Wild Pasil, (E.) Grand Basilic sauvage. A European plant, which Was formerly considered to be an antidote to the bites of venomous animals, to facilitate labour, relieve strangury, stop diarrhoea, Ac. CLIQUETIS, Crepitation. CLISEOM'ETER, Clisiom'eter, from xXicig, 'inclination,' and ptrpov, 'a measure.' An in- strument, intended to measure the degree of in- clination of the pelvis and to determine the rela- tion between the axis of the pelvis and that of the body.—Osiander, Stein. CLITBUR, Arctium lappa. CLITORICARCINO'MA, from xXtiroptg, ' cli- ' toris,' and xapxivwua, 'cancer.' Cancer of the clitoris. CLITORIDES INFERIORES LATI ET PLANI MUSCULI, Constrictores cunni. CLIT'ORIS, from xXnnop, 'a servant who in- vites guests.' (?) Dulce'do Amor'is, Venus, Myr- ton, Murton, Murtuxn, QHstrum, Penis mulie'bris seu fcemineus, Men'tula mulie'bris, Membruxn mulie'bre, Superhlbia, Cerco'sis, Hypoder'mis, Nympha, Nymphe, Epider'i-his, Libi'dinis Sedes, Tunic'ula, Crista. A small, round organ, situate at the upper part of the vulva, and separated by a small space from the anterior commissure of the labia. Its base is surrounded by a slight fold, similar to the prepuce; and it is, internally, of the same structure as the corpora cavex-nosa penis. The artery of the clitoris, (F.) A. Clitorienne, is a branch of the internal pudic. The vein com- municates with the internal pudic, and the nerve with the pudic. CLIT'ORISM, Clitoris'mus. A word, invented to express the abuse made of the clitoris. Also, an unusually large clitoris, Cerco'sis extern'a seu Clitox-'idis, Cauda'tio. CLITORI'TIS, Clitoriti'tis, from xXtiropig, ' clitoris,' and itis, ' denoting inflammation.' In- flammation of the clitoris. CLITORITITIS, Clitoritis. CLITORIUM, Vulva. CLOA'CA, (F.) Cloaque, from k\v£w, 'Iwash.' The pouch at the extremity of the intestinal ca. nal, in which the solid and liquid excretions are commingled in birds, fish and reptiles. In the male, it gives exit to the excrements, sperm and urine: in the female, to the eggs, fajeal matters, and urine. CLOANX, Orpiment. CLOAQUE, Cloaca. CLOCHE, (F.) A popular expression in France for a blister or other vesicle. OL 0 IS ON, Septum — c. des Fosses nasales, Septum narium — c. Transparente, Septum lu- cidum. CLONIC, Clon'icus, from xXovog, 'agitation,' 'motion.' (F.) Cloniqxie. Irregular convulsive motions. Convulsion with alternate relaxation ; in contradistinction to toxiic, which signifies a constant rigidity;—Clonus, Clon'icipartia'les. Clonic Spasm, see Spasm. CLONICI UNIVERSALES, Synclonus. CLONIQUE, Clonic. CLONIS, Sacrum. CLONISM, Clonis'mus ; same etymon. Clonia spasm.—Baumes. CLONO'DES, from KXovog, 'agitation,' and tiSog, ' resemblance.' Convulsive. Galen applies this term to the pulse, when convulsive, as it were, and unequal. He compares the sensation it communicates to the finger to that produced by a bundle of sticks or rods in vibration. CLONOS EPILEPSIA, Epilepsy—c. Hydro- phobia. Hydrophobia. CLONUS, Synclonus — c. Nictitatio, Nictation —c. Palpitatio, Palpitation—c. Pandiculatio, Pan- diculation—c. Pandiculatio maxillarum, Yawning CLOPEMANIA 215 COALITION -—c. Singultus, Singultus—c. Sternutatio, Sneez- ing — c. Subsultus, Subsultus tendinum. CLOPEMANIA, Kleptomania. CLOPORTES ORDINAIRES, Onisci aselli. CLOSE-STOOL, Lasanum. CLOT, Coagulum — c. of Blood, see Blood. CLOTBUR, Xanthium. CLOTHING, Vestitus. CLOTTY, Grumo'sus, (F.) Grumeleux. Com- posed of clots. CLOU, Clavus, Furunculus — c. Hysterique, Clavus hystericus — c. de I'QUil, Clavus oculi. CLOUDBERRIES, Rubus chamaemorus. CLOUDBERRY TREE, Rubus chamsemo- rus. CLOVE, see Eugenia caryophyllata—c. Bark, see Myrtus caryophyllata—c. Pink, Dianthus caryophyllus — c. July flower, Dianthus caryo- phyllus. CLUBFEET, Kyllosis. CLUBMOSS, Lycopodium — c. Common, Ly- copodium complanatum — c. Fir, Lycopodium selago — c. Upright, Lycopodium selago. CLUNES, Nates. CLUNE'SIA, from Chines, 'the nates.' Proc- talgia, Proctitis. An inflammation of the but- tocks.—Vogel. CLUNIS, Sacrum. CLUPEATHRYSSA. The Yellow-billed Sprat; a very poisonous fish of the West Indies. CLUTIA ELUTERIA, Croton coscarilla. CLYDON, Flatulence. CLYPEALIS (Cartilago.) Thyroid cartilage. CLYSANTLIUM, Syringe, Clyster. CLYSIS, Clysmus. Same etymon as clyster. The application of a clyster. Washing out by means of a clyster. CLYSMA, Clysis, Clyster, Enema —c. Toni- cum, Enema foetidum. CLYSMA'TION, same etymon as clyster. A diminutive of clvsma. A small clyster. CLYSMUS, Clysis, Enema. CL YSOIRE, (F.) An apparatus for adminis- tering enemata, consisting of along funnel-shaped tube of elastic gum, furnished with a pipe at the apex. CLYSOPOMPE, Syringe, Clyster. CLYSTER, Clyste'rium, Clysma, Enelys'ma, Clysmus, En'ema, Lavamen'tum, from xXv^tiv, 'to Wash.' (F.) Clystere, Lavement, Remede. A li- quid, thrown into the large intestines by means of a syringe, or bladder and pipe properly pre- pared, Ac.; the nozzle of the syringe or pipe being introduced into the anus. See Enema. Clyster, Anodyne, Enema anodynum — c. Common, Enema commune—c. Domestic, Enema commune — c. Fetid, Enema foetidum — c. Pipe, Elasma — c. Purging, Enema catharticum — c. Starch and opium, Enema anodynum—c. Tobac- co, Enema tabaci — c. Turpentine, Enema tere- binthinae —vc. Uterinus, Sparallium. CL YSTERE, Enema. CNEME, Leg, Tibia. CXEMODACTYL2EUS, Extensor communis digitorum pedis. CNEMOLORDO'SIS, from Kvnpn, 'the leg,' and Xophootg, 'the state of being bent forward.' Bending of the leg forward. CNEMOSCOLIO'SIS, from Kvnpv, 'leg,' and eKoXiwoig, 'bending,' especially sideways. Bend- ing of the leg sideways. The state of being bow- legged, or bandy-legged. CNEORON, Daphne gnidium. CNEORUM TRICOC'CUM, Almere'rion, Ac- nes''tos, Chamale'a, Widow-wail, Spurge- Olive, iF.) CameUe. This plant, a native of Southern Europe, contains a very irritating, acrid prin- ciple. The ancients employed its leaves as a powerful purgative. It is now sometimes used for deterging ulcers. CNESIS, Cnesmos, Cnismos. A painful itching. — Galen. CNESMA, Itching. CNESMOS, Cnesis, Itching, Prurigo. CNICELJE'UM, from xvixog, 'carthamus,' and tXaiov, 'oil.' Oil of carthamus.—Dioscorides. CNICUS, Carthamus tinctorius—c. Sylvestris, Centaurea benedicta. CNIDELiE'ON, Cnidela'um, from xviStig, 'cnidia,' and eXatov, 'oil.' Oil made from the * grana cnidia or mezereon berries.—Dioscorides. CNID'IA GRANA, Cnidii Cocci, Coccognid'ia, jEto'lion, Coccum. The berries of the Daphne gnidium.—Foesius. GNIDIUM SILAUS, Peucedanum silaus—c. Tenuifolium, Sison ammi. CNIDO'SIS. A pungent itching, compared to that produced by the Urtica wens or Nettle. (xvihr.)—Hippoc. Urticaria; urticatio. CNIP'OTES, Pruritus. Itching. The dry ophthalmia, Xerophthalmia. CNISMOREGMIA, Pyrosis. CNISMOS, Cnesmos. CNISSA, see Nidorous. CNISSOREG'MIA, from xvioaa, 'the smell of burnt fat,' and optyoi, ' I put forth ;' Ructus xiido- ro'sus. A nidorous eructation, as of rotten eggs. CNYMA, xwpa. A slight itching. Also, a puncture or vellication.—Galen. COACUM, Phytolacca decandra. COAGMENTATIO, Gomphosis. COAGULABLE LYMPH, Fibrin, Liquor san- guinis. ' COAG'ULANTS, Coagulan'tia, from coagu- lare,—itself from co and agere, 'to act together.' Remedies, or poisons, supposed to possess the power of coagulating the blood, or to give con- sistency to animal fluids. The word and the ab- surd notions connected with it are equally aban- doned. COAGULA'TION, Coagula'tio, Thrombo'sis. The conversion of a liquid into a more or less soft and tremulous mass. Many animal and vegetable fluids are capable of coagulation. COAG'ULUM, Grumus, (F.) Caillot, Grumeau, ('a small clot.') A soft mass formed in a coagu- lable liquid. The Clot of the Rlood is particu- larly so called — the Cruor, Insula, Placen'ta, Hepar San'guinis, Crassamen'tum, Sanguis con- cre'tus ;—the red mass, composed of fibrin, serum, and colouring matter, which separates when the blood is left to itself. See Blood. The word is also applied, in pathology, to the sanguineous concretions, which form in different natural and accidental cavities; and which, when they occur at the mouth of a divided artery, sometimes sus- pend the flow of blood. This is, indeed, one of the means by which hemorrhage is arrested. Coag'ulum Alu'minis, Coag'ulum Alumino'- sum, Cataplas'ma alu'minis, Alum curd or cata- plasm. This is made by beating the white of egg with a little alum, until a coagulum is formed. It is applied in cases of ophthalmia, where an astringent is necessary. COALES'CENCE, Coalescedtia, Coalil'io par'Hum, from coaleecere, 'to run together,' (from cum, 'with,' and alere, 'to nourish,) Sym'physia, Pros'phyaia. The adhesion or union of parts previously separated, as in case of wounds and preternatural adhesions or malformations. See Monster. COALITIO PARTIUM, Coalescence. COALIT"ION, Coalil'io. The same etymon as coalescence. It has been used in the same cases; as well as to express the action of several COALITUS 216 COCHLEARIA parts of the frame, which have the same nu- trition. COALITUS, Symphysis. COALTER'N^ FEBRES. A name given to two intermittents, which attack a person at the Bame time, but whose paroxysms are distinct: so that the attack of one supervenes when the other has ceased. The term Double Intermittent ex- presses the same meaning. COAPTA'TION, Coapta'tio, from cum, ' with,' and aptare, ' to adjust,' ' adapt;' Parago'ge. The act of adapting the two extremities of a fractured bone to each other; or of restoring a luxated bone to its place. Coaptation must be effected gently. Usually, extension and counter-exten- sion are. in the first place, necessary. COARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis, Synarthrosis. COARCTATIO, Arctatio, Coarctation, Stric- ture — c. Ventriculi, Stricture of the Stomach. COARCTA'TION, Coorcto'tio, from coarctare, 'to straiten.' Stricture. Avicenna speaks of Coarctation of the Pulse. COAT, BUFFY,iCorium phlogisticum. COBALT, PROTOXIDE OF, Smalt. COBHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cob- ham is seven miles from Kingston, in Surrey, England. The waters are weak saline purgatives. COBRA DI CAPELLO, Crotalus horridus. COBWEB, Araneae tela. COCASH, Erigeron Philadelphicum. COCCA'RIUM. A very small pill. COCCHIA, Cochia. COCCI GRANUM, Kermes—c. Orientales, see Menispermum cocculus. _, CO CCIGIO- CUT ANE SPHINCTER, Sphinc- ter ani externus. COCCINELLA, Coccus cacti. Coccinel'la Septempuncta'ta, Lady-bird, Lady-cow, Lady-bug. This insect, bruised upon an aching tooth, has long been regarded as anti- odontalgic. COCCION, xoxxiov. A weight, mentioned by Myrepsus ; the same as the siliqua. COCCIONELLA, Coccus cacti. COCCOBALSAMUM, see Amyris opobalsa- mum. COCCOGNIDIA, Cnidia grana. COCCOLOBA UVIFERA, see Kino. COCCONES, see Punica granatum. COCCULiE OFFICINARUM, see Menisper- mum cocculus. COCCULUS CRISPUS, Menispermum tuber- culatum—c. Indi aromatica, see Myrtus pimenta, —c. Indicus, see Menispermum cocculus—c. Pal- matus, Columba—c. Suberosus, Menispermum cocculus. COCCUM, Cnidia grana, Kermes — c. Baphi- cum, Kermes—c. Infectorium, Kermes—c. Scar- latinum, Kermes—c. Tinctorum, Kermes. COCCUS, Coccus cacti—c. Americanus, Coccus cacti. Coccus Cacti. The systematic name "of the Cocllineal Bisect, Coccinel'la, Cochinilla, Coccio- nella, Coceinil'la, Ficus In'dim grana, Coccus Polon'icus, Scarabm' ol us hemispbm'ricus, Cochi- nelif'era cochinilla, Coccus America'nus, Coccus Indicus Tincto'rius, Cochixielle, Coccus; the Coeh'- ineal Animal, (F.) Cochenille, Graine d'Ecarlate. The cochineal insects have a faint, heavy odour; their taste is acrid, bitterish, and astringent: co- lour blackish-red externally,—purple-red within. They are used chiefly for giving a red colour to tinctures, Ac. They were, at one time, esteemed astringent, stimulant, diuretic, and anodyne. Coccus Ilicis, Kermes—c. Indicus tinctorius, Coccus cacti—c. Indicus, see Menispermum coc- culus—c. Polonicus, Coccus cacti. COCCYCEPH'ALUS, Ooccy'go-ceph'alus, from coccyx and KtipaXn, 'the head.' A monster whose head has the shape of the os coccygis. COCCYGEAL, Coccygeus — c. Nerve, see Sa- cral Nerves. COCCYGE'US, Coccyge'al, from kokkv!-, because it is inserted into the coccyx; lschio-Coccygeua, (F.) Ischio-coccygien. Belonging both to the ischium and coccyx. The muscle Ischio-coccy- geus, Leva'tor Coccy'gis, Triangula'ria Coccy'gia. It arises from the spinous process of the ischium, and is inserted into the extremity of the sacrum; and into nearly the whole length of the os coc- cygis laterally. It retains the coccyx in place, and prevents it from being forced backwards during the evacuation of the faeces. COCCYGIO-ANAL, Sphincter ani externus. COCCYGIO-CUTANE SPHINCTER, Sphincter ani externus. COCCYGOCEPHALUS, Coccycephalus. COCCYMELEA, Prunus domestica. COCCYX, ' a cuckoo,' whose bill it is said to resemble; Oa Coccy'gis, Cauda, Oaaia eacri acu'- men, Oa Al'agas, Rump Rone, Crupper Rone, Cu'- culus, Uropyg'ion, Spon'dylis, Spondyl'ium. An assemblage of small bones, attached to the lower part of the sacrum; the curvature of which it prolongs, and of which it seems to be an append- age. Generally, it consists of four bones. Be- hind the base of the coccyx are two small tuber- cular eminences. These are called Cornua of the Coccyx. COCHEMAR, Incubus. COCHENILLE, Coctus cacti. COCHERIA, Cochia. COCHIA, Cocchia, Coche'ria, from xoxxog, 'berry,' 'seed,' or from xoxvia, 'to flow profusely.' An ancient name for several officinal purgative pills; thus called, either because they produced copious evacuations, or were shaped like a seed. COCHIN LEG, see Elephantiasis. COCHINEAL, Coccus cacti. COCHINELIFERA COCHINILLA, Coccus cacti. COCHINILLA, Coccus cacti. COCH'LEA. A Snail's shell, (F.) Limacon, Coquille. Anatomists have given this name to the most anterior of the three cavities, which constitute the labyrinth of the ear, the Ptivis Au'riurn, Concha auris inter'na, Cav'itas cochlea'- ta, C. buccina'ta, Antrum buccino'sum, Concho La- byrin'thi, Troch'lea labyrinth'i: — and that of Scalm of the Cochlea, (F.) Rampes du limacon, to two spiral cavities in the interior of the cochlea. One of these scalae terminates at the Fenes'tra rotuxlda, and is called Scala tympani: the other opens at the anterior and inferior part of the ves- tibule : it is called Scala vestib'uli. Cochlea, Scal.e of the, see Cochlea. COCHLEAR, Cochleare — c. Auriculare, Ear- pick—c. Nerve, see Auditory Nerve. COCHLEA'RE, Ooch'lear, Coehlea'rium, from cochlea; its bowl resembling a shell. A spoonful, (F.) Cuilleree; abbreviated in prescriptions usu- ally to coc^. See Abbreviation. Also, a scoop. Cochlea'rI Magnum, a tablespoonful; C. Me'- dium, a dessert or pap-spoonful; and C. Min'i- mum, a teaspoonful. COCHLEA'RIA, from cochleare, 'a spoon,' so called from its resemblance. C. officinalis. Cochlea'ria Armora'ciA, Raph'anus rusti- ca'nua, Armora'cia, A. sati'va, A. rustica'na, Raph'anus mari'nus, Raph'anus sylves'tris, Raph'anus magna, Horseradish. Family, Cruci- ferae. Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliculosa. (F.) Raifort sauvage, Crarr, Cran de Rretagne. The root of horseradish is frequently used it table; and has long been in the Materia Medica. It is COCHLEARIFORMIS 217 CCELIAC stimulant and diuretic. Externally it is rube- facient. Cochlea'ria Coron'opus, Coron'opus, Coron'- opus Ruel'lii seu depres'stts seu vulga'ris, Le- pid'ium squama'turn, Senebie'ro coron'opus, Wild Scurvy Grass, Swine's Cress, (F.) Come de Cerf. This European plant is considered to be diuretic and antiscorbutic. The term Coron'opus was given, by the ancients, to various plants. Cochlea'ria Hortensis, Cochlearia officinalis. Cochlea'ria Officina'lis, Cochlearia, G. hor- ten'sis seu pyrena'ica seu vulga'ris, Lemon Scurvy Grass, Common Scurvy Grass, (F.) Granson, Herbe aux cuillers. It has been considered a powerful antiscorbutic. It is sometimes eaten in salad. Cochlea'ria Pyrena'ica, C. officinalis — c. Vulgaris, C. officinalis. COCHLEARIFOR'MIS, from cochleare, 'a spoon,' and forma, 'shape ;' (F.) Pec de Cuiller. Cochleariformis Proces'sus, Cochlear'iform process. A small, very thin plate, which sepa- rates the bony portion of the Eustachian tube from the canal for the passage of the tensor tym- pani. COCHLEA'RIS. A gelatinous looking tissue, seen on opening the cochlea, by which the mem- branous zone is connected, at its outer or convex margin, with the outer wall. It is supposed by Todd and Bowman to be muscular; and to have a preservative office, being placed to defend the cochlear nerves from undue vibrations of sound, in a way analogous to that in which the iris pro- tects the retina from excessive light. COCHLEARIUM, Cochleare. COCHO'NE, Koxuvn. The junction of the ischium, near the seat or breech.—Foesius. The breech proper, from the hip-bones to the anus. The perinseum. The coccyx. COCIL'IO. A weight of eleven ounces. COCKLE-BUR, Agrimony. COCKLES, INDIAN, see Menispermum coc- culus. COCKMINT, Tanacetum balsamita. COCK UP HAT, Stillingia. COCLES, Rorgne. COCO, Cocos nucifera. Coco of the Maldives, Cocos de Maldi'vd. The fruit of a palm, called Loddice'a by Com- merson. It was formerly termed, in the shops, Nux Med'ica, and enjoyed great reputation. COCOA, Cacao. COCOA CACAVIFERA, Cacao. COCOBAY, Mal de San Lazaro. COCOS BUTYRA'CEA. The name of the plant which affords the palm oil, O'leum pal'mm, obtained chiefly from the fruit, by bruising and mixing the kernels with water, without the aid of heat, by which the oil is separated and rises to the surface. It is of the consistence of an ointment, with little taste, and a strong, though not disagreeable, smell. It is applied to sprains, Ac.; but has no advantages over other oils. It has been called, also, O'leum Palmm seba'ceum, 0. fix'um nucum cocos butyra'cem and Mackaw fat. It is procured likewise from the Ela'is Guineen' sis, and Ela'is Occidenta'lis, two spe- cies of palms. Cocos Nucif'era, Palma cocos, (F.) Oocotier. Order, Palmas. The systematic name of the plant whose fruit is the cocoa nut. (F.) Coco. It is an agreeable kernel, but not easy of diges- tion. Emulsions, orgeat, Ac, are made from it. The juice of the cocoa, when fermented, forms wine, and arrack is distilled from it. CO COTE, Influenza. COOOTIER, Cocos nucifera. COCTIO, Coction, Digestion—c. Ciborum, Di- gestion—c. Morbi, Coction. COCTION, Coc'tio, Pepsis, Pepan'sis, Pepas'- mos, Syrnpep'sis, Concoc'tion, from coquere, 'to boil.' This word has been employed in various senses. 1. With the ancients, coction meant the particular kind of alteration which the food ex- periences in the digestive organs, particularly in the stomach. It meant a preparation from its crude state. 2. It expressed the maturation or change, which the humeral pathologists believed morbific matter experiences before elimination. It was considered, that coction, Coc'tio mox-bi, was produced during the violence of the disease; and hence this was called the Period of Coction. See Humorism. COD, or CODS, Scrotum. COD-OIL, Oleum jecoris aselli. COD-LIVER OIL, Oleum jecoris aselli. CODAGAPALA BARK, Nerium antidysente- ricum. CODE, Codex. CODEIA, Codeine. COD'EINE, Code'i'a, Oodei'num, Papaveri'num, from xorSia, ' a poppy head.' An alkaloid, disco- vered, by Robiquet, in opium, in 1832. It is soluble in water, alcohol and ether, and unites readily with acids. As a hypnotic, Magendie thinks one grain of codeia equal to half a grain of morphia. The muriate of codeia appears to be stronger than the pure codeia. CODESELLA, Anthrax. CODEX. A collection of laws. (F.) Code. By extension, a collection of approved medical formulae, with the processes necessary for form- ing the compounds referred to in it. The Pari- sian Pharmacopoeia is styled Codex medicamen- ta'rius. Codex Medicamentarius, Formulary, see Codex. CODIA, Papaver (capsule.) CODOCELE, Bubo. CODOSCELLA, Bubo. CCECAL, Ctecal. CCECITAS, Cajcitas. CAECUM, Ca3cum. COEFFE, Caul. CCE'LIA, KoiXia, KoiXn, 'a hollow place.' This word generally meant a cavity in the body:—the abdomen, in particular. It has also been used for the alimentary canal, Ac.: — avu> xoiXia, 'the stomach,' xarut xoiXia, ' the abdomen.' Also, an alvine evacuation; excrement. CCE'LIAC, Cceliacus, Gastx-occe'liacus, Gastro- cce'licus, (F.) Cceliaque ou Ceiiaqne, from xoiXia, ' the cavity of the abdomen.' Relating to the cavity of the abdomen. CffiLiAC Artery, A. Cce'liaca, Coeliac axis, A. opistogastrique, Ch., A. Cceliaque, Tronc cceli- aque, Trepied de la cceliaque, is situate above the panercas, and behind the upper part of the sto- mach. It arises from the anterior part of the abdominal aorta, where it passes between the pillars of the diaphragm, and soon divides into the coronaria ventriculi, hepatic, and splenic ar- teries. Cceliac Flux, Coeliac Passion, Cceliaca chylo'- sa, Diarrhce'a chylo'sa, D. chymo'sa, Flxixus chy- lo'sus seu cceliacus, Passio cceliaca, P. Ventricv- lo'sa, Chymoche'zia, Fluor albus intestino'rum, Chylorrhce'a, Chymorrhce'a, Cceliaca lae'tea., Mor- bus cceliacus, Chylodiarrhce'a, Galactodiarrhce'a, Sedes lactescen'tes, Gastrorrhce'a, (F.) Flux cceli- aque. A species of diarrhoea, in which the food is discharged by the bowels in an undigested condition. By some, defined to be diarrhoea at- tended with discharges of chyle or chyme. It is, in general, symptomatic of tubercular disease of the mesenteric glands. See Lientery. CCELIACA 218 COINCIDENTIA Oceliac Passion, Coeliac flux. Cceliac Plexus, Solar Plexus, Plexus mesen- tvr-'ii pro'prius et max'imus, P. ganglifor'mis semiluna'ria, (F.) Plexus median ou opistogas- trique, (Ch.,) PI. Cozliac ou solaire, Ganglion de Vieussens, is formed of numerous nervous fila- ments, which proceed from the semilunar ganglia of the great sympathetic. It is strengthened by several branches of the right and left pneumo- gastric nerves; is seated around the trunk of the coeliac artery, behind the stomach, and fur- nishes the secondary plexuses — the diaphrag- matic, coronary of the stomach, splenic and he- patic, which accompany the arteries of the same name. CCELIACA, from xoiXiaxog, ' cceliac' Diseases of the digestive organs; the 1st class in Good's Nosology. It comprises two orders, Enterica and Splaneknica. Also, medicines that act on the digestive organs.—Pereira. Cceliaca Chylosa, Coeliac flux — c. Lactea, Coeliac flux — c. Renalis, Chyluria — c. Urinalis, Chyluria. CCELIiE'MIA, Hypera'mia abdom'inis, Con- ges'tio abdomina'lis, from xoiXia, ' the abdomen,' and 'aipa, 'blood.' Hyperaemia or congestion of the blood-vessels of the abdomen. CCELIAGRA, Gastri'tis seu Enteritis seu Col- ica seu Diarrhce'a arthrit'ica. Gout of the ab- domen. CCELIALGIA, Tormina. CCELIAQUE, TREPIED DE LA, Coeliac artery. CCELIOCELE, see Hernia, hypogastric. CCELIOCHYSIS, Ascites. CGELIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, abdominal. CCELIODYNIA, Colic. CCELIOLYSIA, Diarrhoea. CCELION'CUS, Coeliophy'ma, from KoiXia, 'the abdomen,' and oyxog, 'a tumour.' A tumour of the abdomen. CCELIOPHYMA, Coelioncus. CCELIOPHY'MATA, Tuber'cula peritonei, from xoiXia, ' the cavity of the abdomen,' and $vj*a, ' a hard tumour.' Tubercles of the perito- neum. CCGLIOPSOPHIA, Borborygmus. CCELIOPYO'SIS, from xoiXia, ' the abdomen,' and irviixtig, 'suppuration.' Suppuration in the abdomen or its parietes. CCGLIORRHCEA, Diarrhoea. CCELIORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus abdom'- inis, from xoiXia, 'the abdomen,' and ptvpa, 'de- fluxion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the mus- cles of the abdomen. CCELIOSPAS'MUS, from xotXta, 'abdomen,' and oiraapog, 'spasm.' Spasm or cramp of the abdomen. CCELO'MA, from xoiXog, 'hollow.' A round ulcer of the cornea, broader and deeper than that described under the name Bothrion. CCELON, Cavity. CCELOPHTHAL'MUS, from KoiXog, 'hollow,' and oipdaXpog, ' eye.' One who is hollow-eyed. CCELOSTOM'IA, from KoiXog, 'hollow,' and cropa, ' mouth.' A defect in speaking, when the voice seems as if it came from a cavern;—that is, obscure, and as if at a distance. CCELOS'TOMUS, same etymon. One who has a hollow voice. CCELOTES, Cavity. CGENjESTHE'SIS, from xoiveg, 'common,'and aio-$n<*is, ' feeling.' Conasthe'sis. Common feel- ing. Some German writers mean, by this, a sixth sense. It is the feeling of self-existence or indi- viduality, and is manifested by the sense of buoy- ancy or depression, which we experience without any known cause ; — by involuntary shuddering feeling of chill or glow, Ac. CCENOLOGIA, Consultation. CCE'NOTES, Koivorng, 'commonness,' from Koivog, ' common.' The physicians of the metho- dic sect asserted that all diseases arise from re- laxation, stricture, or a mixture of both. These were called Ccenotes: or what diseases have in common. COETUS, Coition. CCEUR, Heart. COF'FEA ARAB'ICA, C. vulga'ris, Jas'minnm Arab'icum, (F.) Oafier, and Cafeyer. Family, Ru- biaceae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. The plant which affords coffee, Choava, Bon, Buna, (F.) Cafe. Originally from Yemen. The infusion of coffee is an agreeable and wholesome article of diet. It is, to a certain ex- tent, a tonic, and is employed as such in conva-i lescence, especially from fevers, Ac. In cases of poisoning by opium, and in old asthmas, its use has been extolled. For this purpose the Moka is the best. It ought to be newly torrefied, but not too much burnt; should be strong, and drunk soon after grinding. Factitious Coffees have been, from time to time, recommended, but they are infinitely inferior to the genuine. Va- rious substitutes have been proposed; wheat, bar- ley, hollyberries, acorns, sunflower seeds, beech- mast, peas, beans, succory-root, seeds of gooseber- ries and currants left in making wine, and washed, —sliced turnips, Ac. These have been roasted, with the addition of a little butter or oil: but they have not the aroma of coffee. The best sub- stitute is said to be the seeds of the Yellow water flag, Gladiolus luteus or Iris pseudacorus. Hunt's QHconomical Breakfast Powder con- sisted of rye, roasted with a little butter. COFFEE-TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis. COFFEE, WILD, Triosteum. COGNITIO PHYSIOLOGICA, Physiology. COHABITATIO, Coition. COHABITA'TION, Cohabita'tio, from cum, 'with,' and habitare, 'to dwell.' The act of dwelling together. In legal medicine, it means the consummation of marriage.—Copulation. COHE'SION, Cohasio, from cum, 'with,' and harere, ' to stick.' Vis cohasio'nis, Vis adha- aio'nis, Vis attractio'nis, Force of cohe'aion, At- traction of cohesion, A. of aggrega'tion, is that force in the particles of matter, whereby they are connected in such a way as to resist any attempt towards their removal or separation. This force has to be attended to, in the management of dis- ease. Emollients, rubbed into a part, act by diminishing the cohesion. COHIBENS, Epischeticus. COHOBA'TION, Cohoba'tio, Coho'bium, Co'- hob, Co'hoph. Distillation of a liquid—already distilled—on the same substances. When this is repeated three or four times, it is called Recoho- • ba'tion. COHOL. Synonym of Alcohol. Also, a dry collyrium.—Avicenna. COHOSH, Actaea racemosa, Caulophyllum tha- lictroides —c. Black, Actasa racemosa—c. Blue- berry, Caulophyllum thalictroides. COHUSH, Caulophyllum thalictroides. COIFFE, Caul. COIGN, see Pyrus cydonia. COIGNASSIER, Pyrus cydonia. COINCIDEN'TIA. Some authors have trans- lated, by this term, the word parempto'sis, used by Galen to designate the occlusion of the fora- men opticum by a humour, proceeding from the base *f the brain, and occasioning blindness.— Castelli. COINDICANT 219 COLICA ACCIDENTALIS COIN'DICANT, Coin'dicans, from con, 'with,' and indico, ' I indicate.' Coin'dicant Signs are those which furnish the same indications; or which confirm the indica- tion afforded by another sign :—avvtvStixvvutva. COIRA, Catechu. COIRAS, Scrofula. CO IT, Coition. COIT"ION, Co'itus, Co'etus, from coeo, (con, and eo, ' to go,') ' to go together.' Copula'tion, Copula'tio, Cop'ula Carna'lis, Aphrodis'ia, Aphro- disiasm'us, Epip'loce, Acces'sus, Basia'tio, Am- plexa'tio, Amplex'us, Conven'tus, Coxnplex'io, Con- ju'gium, Agglutina'tio, Lagne'a, Lagneu'ma, Lag- nela, Mixis, Permis'tio, Permix'tio, Syndyas'mus, Synu'sia, Concu'bitus, Congres'sus, Cohabita'tio, Venus, Res Vene'rea, Concu'bitus vene'reus, Pra'- Hum, Duell'um vene'reum, Noctur'na bella, Con- cilia corpora'lia, Homilia, Ven'ery, Sexual in- tercourse, (F.) Cuit, Approche, Accouplement. The carnal union of the sexes. COITUS, Coition—c. Difficilis, Dyssynodus—c. Sodomiticus, Buggery. COL, Collum—c. de la Matrice, Collum uteri— c. Uterin, Collum uteri. COLA, Articulation. COLATIO, see Colatura. COLATO'RIUM, Hylister, from colore, 'to Strain.' A strainer of any kind. (F.) Couloir. A term by which the ancient physicians described every canal or conduit through which the excre- mentitious humours of the body are evacuated. Ulcers, fistulae, setons, caustics, Ac, have been called artificial or accidental Colatoria, because they were considered to be passages by which the animal economy is freed from some morbific matter. COLATUM. see Colatura. COLATU'RA, from colore, 'to strain.' Cola'- tum, (F.) Colature. A filtered or strained liquor. It likewise means straining a liquid, — Cola'tio, Diy'lisis, Diylis'mus, Hy'lisis, Hylia'mue. COL'CHESTER, MINERAL WATERS OF. Aquo Colceatren'sis. The waters of Colchester are of the bitter purging kind, similar to those of Epsom. COLCHICIA, see Colchicum autumnale. COL'CHICUM AUTUMNA'LE, from the coun- try Colchis. Meadow Saffron, Colchicum, Ooum, (F.) Colehiqxie, Tue-chien, Mart aux chiena, Sa- fran des prea, Safran bdtard. Family, Colchi- caceae. Class, Hexandria. Order, Monogynia. The bulb or root (Bulbus vel Radix vel Cormus,) and the seeds are the parts used in medicine. The taste is acrid, excoriating the mouth ; but the acrimony is lost by drying. It is narcotic, diu- retic, and cathartic; and has been given in dropsy, gout, and rheumatism. Dose, from gr. j to vj of the fresh bulb. It is supposed to be the active ingredient of the Eau medicinale d'Husson. The active principle is called Colchic"ia. The Colchicum, in an over-dose, is an acro-narcotic poison. Dr. Wilson's Tincture for the Gout is said to be merely an infusion of Colchicum, or Col'chicin. Colchicum Zeylanicum, Ksempferia rotunda. COL CHIQUE, Colchicum autumnale. COL'COTHAR, Colcothar Vitrioli, Henri'cus rubens, Ohalci'tis, Rrown red, Rouge, Crocus, Ox- idum Ferri rubrum, Tritox'ydum Ferri, Sulphas Ferri calcina'tum, Ferrum vitriola'tum ustum, Terra vitrioli dulcis, Crocus mortis vitriolatus seu adstrirlgens, (F.) Rouge d'Angleterre, Safran de Mars astringent. The red oxide of iron, ob- tained by calcining sulphate of iron to redness, with or without the contact of air. It possesses the general properties of the preparations of iron, and has been applied to stanch blood, Ac. COLD, Frigus, Psychos, (F.) Froid. The sen- sation produced by the abstraction of caloric from our organs,—Cheirna, Chimon. See Heat. Three degrees of cold are generally distin- guished in disease. 1. The simple feeling of cold (Algor), 2. Chilliness (Horror), and 3. Shivering (Rigor). Cold is employed in medicine, chiefly, as a refrigerant and sedative. Cold in the Eye, Ophthalmia, catarrhal — c. in the Head, Coryza. COLEITIS, Colposis. COLEOCELE, see Hernia. COLECBDEMA, Elytrcedema. COLEOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginas. COLEORRHEX'IS, from x°^°s> 'a vagina or sheath,' and pnfa,' rupture.' Laceration or rup- ture of the vagina. COLEOSITIS, Leucorrhoea. COLEOSTEGNO'SIS, Colpostegno'sis, Colpos- tenochor'ia, Colposynize'sis, from xo^-tos> , 'I flow,' or from KoXXa, 'glue,' and ovpa, 'tail;' (F.) Collyre. The an- cients designated, by this term, a solid medicine, of a long, cylindrical shape; proper to be intro- duced into the vagina, anus, or nostrils. They are said to have given it this name because it was shaped like a Rat's Tail, and because there en- tered into its composition powders and glutinous matters. — Celsus, Oribasius, Scribonius Largus. At the present day, Collyrium means an applica- tion to the eye. Some are pulverulent and dry, Ophthalmempas'ma, Collyr'ium siccum, but the greatest part are liquid, Hygrocollyr'ia ; and receive different epithets, as astringent, emollient, Ac. The term is now little more than synony- mous with Eye-xoater. Collyria are generally extemporaneous formulae. Collyrium Siccum, see Collyrium—c. Siccum Alexandrinum, see Alexandrine. COLOBO'MA, KoXofiwpa, 'any thing truncated wr shortened.' A mutilated or maimed organ. Colobo'ma Iridis, Irido-coloboma. A conge- nital peculiarity of the iris, consisting in a fissure of its lower portion, and a consequent prolonga- tion of the iris to the margin of the cornea. COLOBO'SIS, xoXoPiaoig. The act of curtailing or mutilating; mutilation. COLOCHOLO'SIS, from kioXov, 'the colon,' and xoX/7, 'bile.' Bilious dysentery, Dysenter'ia bilio'sa. COLOCYNTH, Cucumis colocynthis. COLOMBTNE, COMMON, Aquilegia vulgaris. COLO MBA, Calumba. COLON, C. Cacuxn, Monen'terum, Colum, Intes- ti'num majus, I. cellula'turn, I. crassum et plenum, I. grande, I. laxum. That portion of the large intestines which extends from the caecum to the rectum. It is said to have been so called from koiXov, 'hollow,' or from xtaXvu), 'I arrest,' be- cause the excrements are arrested, for a conside- rable time, in its sacs,—cellula. The colon is usually divided into four portions. 1. The right lumbar or ascending, Colon dextrum, situate in the right lumbar region, and commencing at tht caecum. 2. Transverse colon, Colon tronsver'srm transverse arch of the colon, the portion of the colon which crosses from the right to the left side, at the upper part of the abdomen. 3. The left lumbar or descending colon, Colon sinis'trum, ex- tending from the left part of the transverse arch, opposite the outer portion of the left kidney, to the corresponding iliac fossa. 4. The Iliac colon or Sigmoid flexure of the colon, (F.) Colon iliaqxie ou in powder. Corallina Corsica'na, C. rubra, Helmintho- chorton, Helminthochort' urn, Elminthochorton, Muscus helminthochortos, Melithochorton, Muscus coralli'nus seu Marinus seu Cor'sicus, Confer'va Helminthochortos, Spharococcus helminthochor- tos, Gigarti'na helminthochox-ton, Corallina me- litochorton, Lemithochorton, Fucus Helmintho- chorton, Cera'mium helminthochort'us, Corsican Worm-weed, (F.) Coralline de Corse, Mousse de Corse. It is a mixture of several marine plants and zoophytes, as the fucus, eeramium, ulva, co- ralline, conferva, Ac, and has gained great repu- tation for destroying all kinds of intestinal worms, when given in strong decoction. The Geneva Pharmacopoeia directs an officinal syrup — the Sirop de Coralline. CORALLINE DE CORSE, Corallina Corsi- cana. CORALLOIDES FUNGUS, Clavaria coral- loides. CORALWORT, Clavaria coralloides. CORD, Funis, Funic'ulus, Chcenos, Ohce'nion, Xoivog, xoi-fiov, from the Latin Chorda, which is itself derived from x°P^i' 'intestine;' and, after- wards, was applied to musical cords or strings, made of the intestines of animals. See Chorda. Cord, Umbilical, Funiculus umbilicalis. Cords. Vocal, Cords of Ferrein, Chorda vo- ca'les, Cli. Ferre'nii. A name given to the liga- ments of the glottis, which Ferrein compared to stretched cords, and to which he attributed the production of voice. See Thyreo-arytenoid Liga- ment. CORDA, Chorda—c. Hippocratis, Achillis tendo — c. Magna, Achillis tendo — c Spinalis, Medulla spinalis. CORDE DU TAMP OUR, Chorda tympani —c. du Tympan, Chorda tympani. CORDEE, Chordee. CORDIA AFRICANA, Sebestina—c. Domes- tica, Sebestina—c Myxa, Sebestina—c. Obliqua, Sebestina—c Sebestina, Sebestina—c Smooth- leaved, Sebestina. COR'DIAL, Cordia'lis, Cardi'acus, from cor, cordis, 'the heart.' A tonic or excitant medicine, judged to be proper for exciting the heart. A warm stomachic. Cordial, Godfrey's, see Godfrey's Cordial— C. Nervous, Brodum's, see Tinctura gentianae composita — c. Sir Walter Raleigh's, Confectio aromatica—c. Warner's, see Tinctura rhei et sennae. CORDIFORM TENDON OF THE DIA- PHRAGM, Centre, phrenic. CORDINE'MA, from xapa, 'the head,' and hvtw, 'I move about.' Headach, accompanied witn vertigo. See Carebaria. CORDIS EMUNCTORIUM, Axilla. CORDOLIUM, Cardialgia. CORDON (F.), Funiculus, diminutive of funis, ' a cord.' A term applied to many parts, which resemble a small cord. CORDON NERVEUX, Ramus Nervo'sris. A principal division of a nerve, or the nervous trunk itself. CORDON OMBILICALE, Funiculus umbUi- calis—c. Spermotique, Spermatic chord—c. Testi- culaire, Spermatic chord. CORDONS SUS-PURIENS, Round liga- ments of the uterus—c. Vasculaires, Round liga- ments of the uterus. \ CORE, Pupil, see Furunculus. CORECTOMIA, Coretomia. CORECTOP'IA, from xopn, 'the pupil,' tx, 'out of,'and roTroc, 'place.' Displacement of the pupil, A condition of the iris in which one segment is larger than the other; so that the pupil is not in the centre.—Von Ammon. COREDIALYSIS, Coretomia. CORE'MATA, from xopcio, ' I cleanse.' Reme- dies proper for cleansing the skin. — Paulus of iEgina. COREMETAMORPHOSIS, Dyscoria. COREMORPHO'MA, same etymon as the next, A morbid change in the shape of the pupil. COREMORPHO'SIS, Conforma'tio pnpill'a artificia'lis; from xopn, 'the pupil,' and poptpwmg, 'formation.' The operation for artificial pupiL See Coretomia. COREON'CION, Coron'cion, Coreon'cium, from xopn, ' the pupil,' and oyxivov, ' a hook.' An in- strument, used for the formation of artificial pupil by Langenbeck. It is hooked at its extremity. A double-hooked forceps, used by Von Gr'afe, is similarly named. COREOP'SIS TRICHOSPER'MA, Tickweed sunfloxcer, Tickseed sunfloxoer. An indigenous plant, of the Composite Family, with large golden- yellow rays, which flowers in September. It is said to have been used as an alterative. CORETODIALYSIS, Coretomia. CORETOMEDIALYSIS, Coretodialysis. CORETOM'IA, from xopn, 'the pupil,' and rtpvtiv, ' to cut.' Corotom'ia, Ooretotom'ia, Iri- dotom'ia, Corectom'ia, Coretonectom'ia, Iridectom'- ia, Iridectomedial'ysis, IridectomodiaVysis, Core- dial'ysis, Corodial'ysis, Coretodialysis, Coretome- dialysis, Iridodial'ysis. Various operations for the formation of artificial pupil are so termed. The last five signify the separation or tearing asunder of the iris from the ciliary ligament; the preceding five the incision of the iris, with loss of substance; and the remainder signify a simple incision of the iris, without loss of substance. When a portion of the iris is left strangulated in the wound, it is termed Iridenelei'sis, Iridencleis'• mus, and Iridotenclelsis. CORETONECTOMIA, Coretomia. CORETOTOMIA, Coretomia. CORIANDER, Coriandrum sativum. CORIANDRUM CICUTA, Cicuta virosa — C Maculatum, Conium maculatum. Corian'drum Sati'vum, Corian'der, Corian'- non, (F.) Coriandre. Family, Umbelliferas. Sex. Syst. Petandria Digynia. The systematic name of the Corian'drum of the pharmacopoeias; Co- rian'non. The seeds of the coriander have an aromatic odour, and grateful, pungent taste. They are carminative; but are chiefly used to cover the taste of other medicines. CORIANNON, Coriandrum sativum. CORIGEEN, Fucus crispus. CORIITIS, Cytitis. CORINTHIAC^E, see Vitis corinthiaca. CORION, Corium, Hypericum perforatum. CORIS, Cimex—c Monspeliensis, Symphytum Petrasum. CO'RIUM, CbWon, (F.) Cuir. The skin of animals is so called, especially when tanned. The cutis vera, or the thickest part of the human skin. Corium Phlogis'ticum, Crusta pleuret'ica, C. inflammato'ria, C.phlogis'tica,Inflam'matory Crust or Buff, Buffy Coat, (P.) Couenne, C. Pleuretique, C. Injlammatoire. The grayish crust or buff, CORK ■ 239 CORNU varying in thickness, observed on blood drawn from a vein during the existence of violent in- flammation, pregnancy, Ac. It is particularly manifest in pleurisy, and hence one of its names. For its production, it appears to be requisite, that there should be an increase in the proportion of the fibrinous element of the blood over that of the red corpuscles, with increased aggregation of those corpuscles. Under such circumstances, the buffy coat assumes a concave appearance on its upper surface, and the blood is, therefore, said to be cupped. The buff is generally believed to consist of fibrin; but, according to the researches of Mul- der, it is composed of a binoxide of protein, which is insoluble in boiling water, and a tritoxide which is soluble. These oxides are comprehended by him under the name oxyprotein. When the blood presents the above appearance, it is said to be buffy. CORK, Suber. CORMIER, Sorbus domestica. CORMUS. In botany, when the stem of a plant, without creeping or rooting, is distended under ground, retaining a round or oval form, it is so called. The Cormus is vulgarly termed a root,—radix. CORN, (Saxon corn,) (G.) Kern. In Eng- land, this word means the Gerealia, or those seeds, which grow in ears, not in pods. In the United States, Corn always means Indian Corn. Its English sense corresponds to the French Rie or Pled. Corn, Clavus, Clavus Pedis, Ecphy'ma Clavus, Gemur'sa, (F.) Cor, Ognon, from cornu, a 'horn.' A small, hard, corneous tumour, which forms upon the foot, generally on the toes ; and is com- monly produced on the most projecting parts, by the pressure of too tight shoes. A part of the corn is raised above the skin, and forms a round tumour, like the head of a nail: the other por- tion, which serves as its base, is buried more or less deeply in the integuments, and occasionally extends as far as the tendons and periosteum. Corns may, sometimes, be removed, by immers- ing the feet in warm water, but commonly they return. They can, likewise, be destroyed by the knife or caustic, or by paring them down and pulling them out by the roots; but these opera- tions are not always as simple as they seem. In the way of palliation, they must be constantly pared; and, for the purpose of preventing pres- sure, any soft plaster, spread upon linen or leather, may be applied, with a hole in the centre to re- ceive the corn; and layer after layer of plaster be added, until they attain the level of the corn. When very irritable, the lunar caustic, rubbed over the surface, will generally diminish irritabi- lity surprisingly, and in a mode not easy of ex- planation. Corn, Zea mays—c. Guinea, Panicum Italicum —c. Indian, Zea mays—c Wild, Matricaria cha- momilla—c. Flag, Gladiolus vulgaris—c Flower, Centaurea cyanus—c. Salad, Valeriana dentata— c Squirrel, Dicentra Canadensis. CORNALINE, Cornelian. CORNE, Cornu—c. d'Ammon, Cornu ammonis c. de Reiier, Cornu ammonis—c. de Cerf, Cervus, Cornu cervi, Cochlearia coronopus — c. de Cha- mois, Cornu rupicapras—c. de la Peau, Cornu. CORNE, Corneous. COR'NEA, Cornea transpa'rens, C. pellu'cida, C. lu'cida, Ceras, Sclerolica ceratoVdes, OeratoV- des seu Cerato'des membra'na, Ceratome'ninx, Membra'na cornea; from cornw, ' horn.' The transparent cornea. (F.) (7ornee. One of the coats of the eye, so called because it has some resemblance to horn. It is termed transparent to distinguish it from the opake — Cornea opa'ca or Sclerotic. It is convex, anteriorly; concave,. posteriorly; forming nearly one-fifth of the ante- rior part of the eye, and representing a segment of a sphere about seven lines and a half, or in. 0.625 in diameter. It seems to be constituted of laminas in superposition, but of the( precise num- ber anatomists are not agreed. Hehle assigns it four; the third, a very solid cartilaginous lamella, being called Membrane de Demoux-s or M. de Des- cemet. Messrs. Todd and Bowman assign it five layers. Cornea, Conical, Staphyloma of the cornea— c. Opake, Caligo—c. Opaca, Sclerotic—c. Sugar- loaf, Staphyloma of the cornea. CORNEE, Cornea. CORNE1TIS, Ceratitis. CORNEL, AMERICAN RED-ROD, Cornus sericea—c. Large-flowered, Cornus Florida — c. Panicled, Cornus paniculata. CORNE'LIAN, Came'lian, Chalcedo'nius, Came'olus, Lapis Came'olus, Corne'lxis, Cor-ne'olus, Lapia Sard'iue, (F.) Cornaline. A precious, semi- transparent stone, found in Sardinia. The an- cients ascribed to it a number of absurd pro- perties. CORNELUS, Cornelian. . CORXEOLUS, Cornelian. COR'NEOUS, Cor'neus, (F.) Come. Having the nature or appearance of horn. Corneous Tissue is that which forms the nails. The corxieous membrane is the cornea. CORNES DE LIMAgON (F.), Snail's Horns. A name given by Anel to the lachrymal puncta and ducts. CORNES DE LA MATRICE, Cornua uteri —c. de la Peau. Horny excrescences. CORNESTA, Retort. CORNET ACOUSTIQUE, Ear-trumpet—c. Moyen, Turbinated bone, middle—c. de Morgagni, Turbinated bone, superior. CORNETS DE PER TIN, Sphenoidal cornua —c. Sphenoidaux, Sphenoidal cornua. CORNICHON, see Cucumis sativus. CORNICULARIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid process. CORNICULUM, diminutive of cornw, 'ahorn.' ' a little horn.' A species of cupping instrument, shaped like a trumpet, having a hole at the top for sucking the air out, to diminish the pressure in its interior.—Scultetus, Hildanus. Corniculum Laryn'gis, Capit'ulum Santori'ni seu Laryn'gis, Supra-arytenoid Car'tilage, Capit'- ulum Cartilag"inis aryteno'idea. A small, very movable, cartilaginous tubercle, found on the arytenoid cartilages. CORNIER, Cornus Florida. CORNIFICATION, Racornissement. CORNINE, see Cornus Florida. CORNOUILLER, Cornus Florida— c. d Feuilles arrondies, Cornus circinata—c. d Grandes fleurs, Cornus Florida—c. Soyeux, Cornus sericea. CORNU, Ceras, Corn, Horn. (F.) Come. A conical, hard, epidermeous projection, which grows on the heads of certain animals, serving them as a weapon of offence and defence. Ana- tomists have given this name to parts of the hu- man body, which have nearly the same shape as the horns of animals. Cornu. A horny excrescence; a corneous wart, which occasionally forms on the skin, and requires the use of the knife; (F.) Come de la Peau.—See Corn. Also, Cornu Cervi.—See Cervus. Also, a Retort. Cornu Acusticum, Ear-trumpet. Cornu Ammo'nis, Cornu Arie'tis, Hippocom'pue major, Pes hippocarrlpi major; Pes hippopolami major, Protuberan'tia cylind'rica, Vermis Bom- bye"inus, Proces'sus cer'ebri latera'lis, (F.) Come d'Ammon, Come de Beiier, Grande Hippocampe, CORNUA 240 CORONALE Pied de cheval marin, Protuberance cylindrdide (Ch.), Rourrelet rouli. A broad, considerable eminence, curved on itself, and situate at the posterior part of the lateral ventricle. Its sur- face presents two or three tubercles separated from each other by shallow grooves. The Accesso'rius Pedis Hippocamp'i, (F.) Ac- ceseoire du pied d'hippocampe, is a prominence, usually formed by the base of the inferior cornu of the lateral ventricle of the brain. It is merely a fold of the hemisphere, and was by Malacarne called Cuissart ou Armure dea Jombea. Cornu Anterius seu Anti'cum Ventric'uli Latera'lis ; Anterior Cornu of the Lat'eral Ven'- tricle. The portion of the lateral ventricle of the brain, which is lodged in the middle of the lobe, and forms the commencement of that cavity. Cornu Cervi, Cornu, Cornu Cervi'num, Cervi El'aphi Cornu, Hartshorn, (F.) Come de cerf. The horns of various species of the stag. They contain about 27 per cent, of gelatin. The Shav- ings, Raspatu'ra seu Ras'ura Cornu Cervi, 0. G. raspa'tum, boiled in water, have, consequently, been esteemed emollient and nutritive. Hartshorn Jelly may be made as follows:— Hartshorn shavings, gvj ; boil in xoater Oiv to Oij; strain, and add, whilst hot, of lemon-juice, two tablespoonfuls ; white sugar, ^vj ; and Sherry wine, two glasses. A good nutriment for the sick, where wine is not improper. When burnt, the shavings constitute the Cornu cervi calcina'tum, Cornu ustum, Phosphas Calcis, Galea'ria phosphor' ica, (F.) Come de cerf calcinee, which consists of 57.5 per cent, of phosphate of lime. It has been used as an antacid, but is wholly inert, as its composition would indicate. It contains only 1 per cent, of carbonate of lime. Hartshorn was once supposed to possess a be- zoardic power. Cornu Cervinum, Cervus, Plantago corono- pus—c. Ethmoidal, Turbinated bone, middle. Cornu Descen'dens Ventric'uli Latera'lis, Dig"ital Cav'ity, Descending or inferior cornu of the lateral ventricle. The termination of the late- ral ventricle in the middle lobe of the brain, be- hind the fissure of Sylvius. Cornu, Middle, Turbinated bone, middle. Cornu Poste'rius seu Posti'cum Ventric'uli Latera'lis, Cav'itas digita'ta, Posterior Cornu of the Lateral Ventricle. The triangular pro- longation of the lateral ventricle of the brain into the substance of the occipital lobe. Cornu Rupica'pra, (F.) Come de Chamois. The horn of the chamois. It has the same pro- perties as the Cornu Cervi. CORNUA, Turbinated bones. Cornua Cartilag"inis Thyroidea. Emi- nences on the thyroid cartilage, distinguished into great or superior, which are articulated with the great cornu of the os hyoides; — and into email or inferior, united with the cricoid cartilage. Cornua Coccy'gis, Cornua of the Coccyx. Two small, tubercular eminences at the base of the coc- cyx, which are articulated with those of the sacrum. Cornua Cutanea, Horny excrescences. Cornua Hyoidei Ossis, Radices ossis hydi'dei, Cornua of the Hyoid Rone. Four fragments of the os hyoides, situate above the body of the bone, and distinguished into the small or superior, and the great or lateral. Cornua Lachrymalia, Lachrymal ducts — c. Limacum, Lachrymal ducts, see Lachrymal puncta. Cornua Sacra'lia, Cornua of the Sacrum. Two tubercles, situate at the posterior and in- ferior surface of the sacrum, which are some- times united. Cornua, Styloid, see Hyoides, os. Cornua U'teri, Cornua of the U'terus, Ceraa, xtpaiat, Plec'tana, (F.) Comes de la Matrice. The angles of the uterus, where the Fallopian tubes arise. Sometimes applied to the Fallopian tubes themselves. CORNUE, Retort. , CORNUE TUPULEE, see Retort. CORNUMUSA, Retort. CORNUS AMOMUS, C. sericea—c Blue ber- ried, C. Sericea. Cornus Circina'ta, Round-leaved Dogwood, (F.) Comouiller d feuilles arrondies. The bark of this variety has been used for similar pur- poses with the next. Cornus Flor'ida, Dogwood, Dogtree, Poxtree, RitterRedberry,Large-flower edComel,MaleGreat- flowered Dogwood, Florida Dogxcood, Virginian Dogxoood, Roxwood (New England), (F.) Cor- nouiller, Cornier, C. d grandes fleurs. The bark of this beautiful tree, which grows everywhere in the United States, has been long employed as a substitute for cinchona. Dose, from 5Jss to 3J. Its active principle has been separated from it, and received the name of Cornine. Cornus Fcemina, C. sericea — c. Mas odorata, Laurus sassafras. Cornus Panicula'ta, Pan'icled Cornel, indi- genous, has been used as a substitute for Cornus Florida. Cornus Rubiginosa, C. sericea.—c Sanguines, Sebestina, C. sericea. Cornus Seri"cea, Cornus amo'mus, C.fce'mina, 0. rubr'gino'sa, C. Sanguin'ea, Swamp Dogwood, Red Willow, Rose Willow, New England Dog- wood, Female Dogwood, Silky-leaved Doxoood, American Red-rod Cornel, Rlueberried Dogwood, Blueberried Cornus, (F.) Comouiller soyenx. The bark, it is said, has been found little inferior to Cinchona Pallida in intermittents.—Barton. CORNUTA, Retort. CORODIALYSIS, Coretomia. CORONA, Crown—c. Ciliaris, Ciliary body— c. Dentis, Crown of a tooth — c. Glandis, Crown of the glans—c Posterior ulnae, Olecranon. CORO'NA RA'DIANS, Radiating Crown of Reil. Fasciculi of white fibres radiate in all directions from every part of the surface of the optic thala- mus, excepting its inner side, which is free and corresponds to the third ventricle; the anterior of these fibres pass directly forwards, the middle fibres outwards, and the posterior backwards, forming the coro'na ra'dians. Corona Regia, Trifolium melilotus—c. Ulnas, Olecranon—c. Veneris, Crown of Venus. CORONiE CILIARIS MEMBRANULA, CUi- ary zone—c Palpebrarum, see Tarsus. CORONAD, see Coronal Aspect. CORO'NAL, Corona'lis, Corona'rius. Relating to the crown; from corona, 'a crown.' A name formerly given to the frontal bone, because on it partly reposes the crown of kings. Coronal Aspect. An aspect towards the plane of the corona or crown of the head. Coro- nad is used adverbially to signify ' towards the coronal aspect.'—Barclay. Coronal Suture, Sutu'ra corona'lis, S. Fronto- parieta'lis, Puppis Sutu'ra, S. Arcua'lis. The suture of the head, which extends from one tem- poral bone to the other, over the crown of the head, and unites the parietal bones with the frontal. The Suture Coronale of the French anatomists is ,the suture which unites the two halves of the os frontis at the early period of life. It is a prolongation of the sagittal. CORONALE, MINERAL WATERS OF. These waters are found near Lucca, in Italy. They received their name from an erroneous CORONARIUS 241 CORPORA ALBICANTIA notion, that they are particularly adapted for curing diseases of the os frontis. Their tempe- rature is 95° Fahrenheit. They contain free carbonic acid, sulphates of lime and magnesia, chlorides of sodium and magnesium, Ac, and some iron. CORONARIUS, Coronal. COR'ONARY, Corona'rius, (F.) Coronaire, from corona, 'a crown.' Resembling a crown. Cor'onary Ar'tery of the Stomach, Arte'ria Corona'ria Ventric'uli, A. Gas'trica supe'rior, (F.) Artere coronaire atomachique, A. Stomogae- trique (Ch.), is one of the branches of the coeliac, which passes towards the superior orifice of the stomach, extends along its lesser curvature, and ends by anastomosing with the pyloric branch of the hepatic. This artery furnishes branches to the inferior part of the oesophagus, the cardiac orifice, the great cul-de-eac, the middle part of the stomach, the lesser omentum, and anasto- moses with the other arteries of those organs. Coronary Ligament of the liver is a reflection of the peritoneum, which surrounds the posterior margin of the liver. The same term is likewise a'pplied to ligaments which unite the radius and ulna. Coronary Plexus of the Heart. The ante- rior and posterior coronary plexuses of the heart are derived from the anterior and posterior car- diac plexuses. See Cardiac Plexus. Coronary Plexus of the Stomach. This plexus of nerves is given off from the upper part of the solar plexus. Coronary Sinus of the Heart, Sinus, coro- nary, venous — c. Sinus of Ridley, Sinus corona- rius. Coronary Vein of the Stomach, Vena Corq- na'ria Ventric'uli, accompanies the artery, and terminates in the vena porta. Sb'mmering, and some other anatomists, call all the four arteries of the stomach Corona'ria Stomach'ica. CORONCION, Coreoneion. CORO'XTE, from xopwvn, 'a crow.' The coro- noid process of the lower jaw. COR'ONOID, Corondi'des, from Koporvn, 'a 'crow,' and ttSog, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Re- sembling the beak of a crow. This name has been given to two processes. One, situate at the anterior and superior part of the ramus of the os maxillare inferius, and affording attachment to the temporal muscle : the other, called, also, shax-p process, situate at the superior part of the ulna, anterior to the great sigmoid fossa, and forming a part of the hinge of the elbow-joint. CORONOPODIUM, Plantago coronopus. CORONOPUS, Cochlearia coronopus — c. De- pressus, Cochlearia coronopus—c Ruellii, Coeh- learia coronopus — c. Vulgaris, Cochlearia coro- nopus. COROTOMIA, Coretomia. CORPORA ALBICANTIA, Mammillary tu- bercles—c Arantii, Noduli Arantii, Tubercula A. ■—c Bigemina, Quadrigemina corpora—c. Candi- cantia, Albicantia corpora, Mammillary tubercles — c Cavernosa, Cavernous bodies — c. Fibrosa, Corps Fibreux. Cor'pora Fimbria'ta, Tmnia Hippocam'pi, Fimbriated or fringed bodies, (F.) Corps Franges, C. Bordes, Bandelettes des Comes d'Ammon, Ban- delette de I'Hippocampe. The thin, flattened, and very delicate band, situate along the concave edge of the cornu ammonis, which is a continuation of the posterior crura of the fornix. Corpora Genicula'ta, (F.) Corps Genicules, C. genouilles. Eminences situate at the lower and outer part of the optic thalami. Each optic tract commences at the corp'xis genieula'tum ex- tern'um. The corpus genieula'tum intern'um is 16 merely a tubercle inserted into the bend or knee, formed by the corpus geniculatum externum. Corpora Globosa Cervicis Uteri, Nabothi glandulas—c Lutea, see Corpus luteum. Cor'pora Malpighia'na, Malpig'hian Bodies, Ac"ini, Cor'puscles or Glomerules of Malpig'hi. Scattered through the plexus formed by the blood-vessels and uriniferous tubes in the kid- ney, a number of small dark points may be seen with the naked eye, which received tl.eir name from Malpighi, their describer. Each of these, under the microscope, is found to consist of a convoluted mass of blood-vessels, which consti- tutes the true glandule, corpuscle or glomerule of Malpighi. It was at one time supposed that the tubuli uriniferi originate in them; but this does not appear to be the case. Their use is not posi- tively known, but as they have been traced by Mr. Bowman into the commencement of the uri- nary tubes, in which they lie uncovered, it has been supposed that their office may be to sepa- rate the watery portions of the blood to be mixed with the proper urinous matter. Corpora Mammillaria, Mammillary tuber- cles —c. Nervio-spongiosa Penis, Corpora caver- nosa—c Nervosa, Corpora cavernosa. Corpora Oliva'ria, C. ova'ta, Eminen'tim Oli- va'res seu ova'les latera'les, Ollva, Prominentia Semiova'lcs Medulla Oblonga'ta, (Eminences la- teralis, Ch.) Oblong, whitish eminences, situate at the oceipital surface of the medulla oblongata, exterior to the corpora pyramidalia. Corpora Ovata, Corpora olivaria—c Pisifor- mia, Mammillary tubercles. Corpora Pyramida'lia, Eminen'tia pyrami- da'les seu media'na inter'nee, Pyra'mides, (F.) Corps pyramidaux, Pyramides anteriextres (Gall), Eminences pyramidales (Ch.) Two small medul- lary eminences, placed alongside each other, at the occipital surface of the medulla oblongata, between the corpora olivaria. These bodies have also been called Corpora Pyramidalia an- tica, to distinguish them from the C. olivaria, which have been called Corpora Pyramidalia latera'lia. Corpora Pyramidalia Posteriora, Corpora restiformia—c. Quadrigemina, Q. corpora. Corpora Restifor'mia, Crura medulla oblon- ga'ta, Pedun'culi medulla oblonga'tmr Corpora pyramidalia posterio'ra, Proces'sus d cerebello ad medull'am obloxiga'torn, Pos'terior pyramids, Ped'uneles of the medulla oblonga'ta, Inferior peduncles of the cerebellum, (F.) Corps resti- formee, Cuisses posterieures, Pyramides poste- rieures, Racines, Bras ou Jambes du cervelet, Pe,- tites branches de la moelle allongee, Pedoncules du eervelet. Two medullary projections, oblong, and of a whitish appearance, which proceed from each side of the upper extremity of the medulla oblongata, and contribute to the formation of the cerebellum. Corpora Stria'tA, Grand ganglion supirieur du cerveau (Gall), Couches des nerfs etlimoidortx, Corps eannelSs, Eminen'tim Lenticula'res, Col lie.'- vli Nervi. Ethmdida'lis, Ap'iees Crurxtm medulla oblonga'ta, Gan'glion cer'ebri ante'rixts, Anterior cerebral ganglion, (F.) Corps stries. Pyriform eminences of a slightly brownish-gray colour, which form part of the floor of the lateral ventri- cles of the brain. When cut, a mixture of gray and white substance is seen, arranged alter- nately, to which they owe their name. The tract of fibres that ascends from the anterior pyramids passes chiefly into them. Willis considered that the soul resided there. Corpora Striata Superna Posteriora, Tha lami nervorum opticorum—c. Wolffiana, see Cor- pus Wolffianum. CORPS 242 CORPUS CORPS, Body—c. Rordes, Corpora fimbriata e. Calleux, Corpus callosum — c. CanneUs, Cor- pora striata—c. Caverneux, Corpora cavernosa— c. Cendr-e, Corpus dentatum — c. Ciliaire, Corpus dentatum — c. Denteie, Corpus dentatum — c. Etranger, Extraneous body—c. Festonne, Corpus dentatum. Corps Fibreux, Corpora Fibro'sa. Bayle has given this name to adventitious fibrous produc- tions of a round form, more or less adherent, and sometimes having a pedicle, which form in certain parts of the body, particularly in the sub- stance of the uterus. Corps Franges, Corpora fimbriata — c. Geni- cxiUs, Corpora geniculata — c. Godronne, Fascia dentata—c. Hyaldide, Corpus vitreum—c. d'Hyg- more ou d'Highmore, Corpus Highmori—c. Jaune, Corpus luteum—c. Muqueux, Corpus mucosum— c. Organises, Organized bodies—c. Pampiniforme, Corpus pampiniforme — c. Pyramidaux, Corpora pyramidalia—c. Restiformes, Corpora restiformia —c. Rhombdide, Corpus dentatum—c. Stries, Cor- pora striata—c. Thyro'ide, Thyroid gland—c. Va- riciforme, Epididymis—c. Variqueux, Corpus pam- piniforme, Epididymis—c. Vitr-e, Corpus vitreum. CORP'ULENT, Corpulen'txts, Obe'sus, Grassus, Fat, Fleshy. Having an unusual development of fat or flesh in proportion to the frame of the body. CORPULEN'TIA, Cor'pulence, from corpus, 'the body,' and lentus, 'thick,' is synonymous with Obesity and Polysarcia. Corpulentia Carnosa, Torositas. CORPUS, Soma, A Rody. Any object which strikes one or more of our senses. Gases, liquids, metals, vegetables, animals, are so many bodies. Natural bodies have been divided into animal, vegetable, and mineral; or into inorganic, includ- ing the mineral kingdom ; and organized, includ- ing the animal and vegetable. The chief differ- ences between organized and inorganic bodies consists in the former having an origin by gene- ration, growth by nutritioxi, and termination by death : the latter a fortuitous origin, external growth, and a termination by chemical or mecha- nical force. Many parts of the frame have, also, been dis- tinguished by this name, as Corpus Callosum, C. Mucosum, Ac. See Body. Corpus Adeniforme, Prostate—c Adenoides, Prostate — c Adiposum, Pinguedo — c Alienum, Extraneous—c Annulare, Pons varolii. Corpus Callo'sum, Commissu'ra Magna cer'- ebri, Trabs Mc.dulla'ris seu Cer'ebri, Trabec'ula seu Cop'ula magna cer'ebri, (F.) Corps Calleux, Voute uredullaire, Plafond des ventricules du cer- veau, Mesolobe (Ch.) A white, medullary band, perceived on separating the two hemispheres of the brain, which it connects with each other. La Peyronie regarded it as the seat of the soul. On it are seen longitudinal and transverse fibres — Stria longrtndina'les Lands'ii, and Stria transversa Willis'ii. The anterior portion, which bends downwards, is termed genu; the posterior flexure, sple'nium. The fibres, which curve backwards into the posterior lobes from the posterior border of the corpus callosum, have been termed Forceps ; those which pass directly outwards into the middle lobes from the same point, Tape'turn; and those which curve for- wards and inwards from the anterior border to the anterior lobes, forceps anterior. Corpus Ciliare, Ciliary Body, Corpus denta- tum, see Ciliary—c Cinereum, Corpus dentatum — c. Cono'ides, Pineal gland — c. Crystalloides, Crystalline. Corpus Denta'tum, C. Denticula'tum, C. Cili- a'ri, (F.) Corps denteie, Corps festonne. A cen- tral, oval nucleus, of cineritious substance, met with in the cerebellum; the circumference of which exhibits a number of indentations, sur- rounded by medullary substance. — Vicq dAzyr. It is seen by dividing the cerebellum vertically into two equal parts.—The same body has been called Ccps cendre ou ciliaire ou rhombdide, Corpus Cine'reum, C. Rhombdideum seu Rhom- bdidale, Ganglion du cerrelet, Noyau central des Pedoncules du cervelet, Nucleus dentatus seu Jim. bria'tus seu centra'lis seu rhomboida'lis, Substan- tia rhombo'idea, Gan'glion cilia're, Gan'glion ce- rebelli. The term Corpus denta'tum, Nu'cleua oli'va, is also given to the ganglion of the corpus olivare, which, like that of the cerebellum, is a yellowish-gray dentated capsule, open behind, and containing medullary matter, from which a fasciculus of fibres proceeds upwards to the cor- pora quadrigemina and thalami optici. Corpus Denticulatum, c Dentatum — c. Dis- coides, Crystalline—c. Externum, Extraneous body—c Extraneum, Extraneous body — c Ge- niculatum, see Corpora Geniculata — c. Glandi- forme, Prostate — c Glandosum, Prostate — c Glandulosum, Prostate. Corpus Glandulo'sum Mulie'rum, Gland'ula Pros'tata mulie'rum. A vascular, spongy emi- nence, which surrounds the orifice of the urethra, and projects at its under part. Corpus Highmo'ri, C. Highmoria'num, Medi- astinum testis, Mea'tus semina'rius, (F.) Corps d'Hyqmore ou d'Highmore, Sinus des Vaisseaux seminiferes, (Ch.) An oblong eminence, along the superior edge of the testicle, which seems formed of a reflection of the tunica albuginea, through which the principal trunks of the semi- niferous vessels pass before they reach the epidi- dymis. Corpus Incomprehensible, Thymus. Corpus Lu'teum, (F.) Corps jaune. A small yellowish body, perceived in the ovarium, and left after the rupture of one of the vesicles. It was, for a long time, considered an evidence of previous impregnation ; but it is now maintained that Corpora lutea may be met with in unques- tionable virgins; although the corpora lutea of virgins have been generally regarded to differ materially, in size and character, from those of impregnation, which have been called true cor- pora lutea, in contradistinction to the other, which have been called false''corpora lutea. Corpus Muco'sum, C. reticula're, Pete mxtco'- sum, Mucus seu Rete seu Stratum Malpig'hii, Re- tic'ulum cuta'neum seu muco'sum, Mesoderm'um, Mucous web, (F.) Corps muqueux. The second layer of the skin has been so called. It is situ- ate between the cutis vera and cuticle, and gives colour to the body. In the white varieties of our species it is colourless ; in the negro, black. By some anatomists the existence of such a layer, distinct from the epidermis, is denied. Corpus Okense, Corpus Wolffianum. Corpus Pampinifor'me, C. Varico'sum, from parnpinus, ' a tendril.' Cor'pus pyramida'le, He- dera'ceus plexus, Plexus pampiniform'is, Plexus vasculo'sus funic'uli spermatid pampiniform is, (F.) Corps pampiniforme, C. Variqueux. The plexus or retiform arrangement of the spermatic arteries and veins in the cavity of the abdomen, anterior to the psoas muscle. Corpus Papillare, Textus Papillo'ris, Cor- pus reticula're. The nervous and vascular pa- pillae situate beneath the epidermis, called by Breschet Neurothelic apparatus. Corpus Phacoides, Crystalline — c Pituitare, Pituitary gland — c. Psalloides, Lyra — c. Pyra- midale, Corpus pampiniforme—c. Reticulare, Cor- pus mucosum, Corpus Papillare—c. Rhomboidale, CORPUSCLES 243 CORRUPTION Corpus dentatum—c Rhomboideum, Corpus den- tatum—c. Thymiamum, Thymus—c. Thymicum, Thymus —c Thyreoideum, Thyroid gland —c. Turbinatum, Pineal gland—c. Varicosum, Corpus pampiniforme, Spermatic chord — c. Varicosum testis, Epididymis. Corpus Spongio'sum Ure'thra, Substantia spongio'sa ure'thra. This substance arises before the prostate gland, surrounds the urethra, and forms the bulb. It then proceeds to the end of the corpora cavernosa, and terminates in the glans penis, which it forms. Kobelt describes, in the female, as the analogue to the corpus spon- giosum of the male, a venous plexus, which, as it lies between the glans clitoridis, and the part that corresponds, in the male, to the bulb of the urethra, he terms pars interme'dia. Corpus Vit'reum, Humor Vitreus, H. Hya- lo'i'des seu hyal'inus, Glacia'lis humor; Vitreous humor, (F.) Corps viti-e, C. hyalo'ide, Hurneur hyaldide. The transparent mass, of a gelatinous consistence, which fills the eye, behind the crys- talline. It is contained in cells, formed by the tunica hya/oidea. Corpus Wollfia'num, Corpus Oken'se, Wolffian body. At a very early period of foetal formation, bodies are perceptible, which were first described by Wolff, as existing in the fowl, and in the mam- malia by Oken. According to Miiller, they dis- appear in man very early, so that but slight re- mains of them are perceptible after the 9th or 10th week of pregnancy. They cover the region of the kidneys and renal capsules, which are formed afterwards; and they are presumed to be the organs of urinary secretion during the first periods of foetal existence. CORPUSCLES, BLOOD, Globules of the blood —c. Bone, see Lacunae of Bone — c. Caudate, see Caudate — c. Chyle, see Chyle. Corpuscles, Exuda'tion. The organizable nuclei contained in fibrinous fluids, which are the origin of the new tissues formed from such fluids Corpuscles, Ganglion, see Neurine — c Glandiform, Acinus — c. Lymph, see Lymph — c. of Malpighi, Corpora Malpighiana—c. Mucous, see Mucus — c. Osseous, see Lacunae of bone. Corpuscles, Pacin'ian, so called from Filippo Pacini, an Italian physician, who, it is generally conceived, first noticed them in 1830. They ap- pear, however, to have been depicted in 1741 by Lehmann, from a preparation by A. Vater, who called them Papilla and P. nervem. Hence, it has been proposed by J. C. Strahl (1848) to call them Vaterian corpuscles or Corpuscles of Voter (Vater'sche Korperchen.) Small bodies con- nected with the cutaneous nerves of the palm and sole. They have also been found sparingly and inconstantly in nerves at the wrist and elbow; in the upper arm, fore-arm, and thigh, and inter- costal nerve, the sacral plexus, solar plexus and the plexuses adjacent to it. In each corpuscle there is the termination of a nervous filament. Their uses are not known. Corpuscles of Purkin.ie, see Canaliculus—c. Pus, see Pus—c Pyoid, see Pus—c Splenic, see Spleen—c. of Vater, C. Pacinian—c White granu- lated, see Globulin. CORPUSCULA ARANTII, Tubercula A.— C. Glandularum similia intestinorum, Peyeri glandulas — c. Globosa cervicis uteri, Nabothi glandulas — c. Ossium, see Lacunas of bone. CORPUSCULUM ARANTII, see Sigmoid valves — c. Sesamoideum, see Sigmoid valves. CORRAGO, Borago officinalis. CORRE, Corse, from xtipu, ' I shave.' (?) The temples or the part of the jaws, which it is usual to shave.—Gorraeus. CORRECTIF, Corrigent. CORRECTION, Correc'tio, from corrigere, (con, and regere, 'to rule or order,') 'to correct.' The act of correcting medicines; that is, of dimi- nishing their energy or obviating unpleasant ef- fects, by mixing them with substances which mitigate their operation. CORRECTORIUS, Corrigens. CORRELATION, see Synergy. CORRIGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus. COR'RIGENT, Cor'rigens, Correcto'rius, Cas- tlgans, Infrin'gens, Emen'dans : same etymon. (F.) Correctif. That which corrects. A corri- gent, in a pharmaceutical formula, is a substance added to a medicine to mollify or modify its ac- tion. In the following formula, the aloes, if not corrected, might induce tormina. The Oleum Mentha is added as a corrigent. B Aloes &j Old Mentha gtt. v Syrup q. s. utfiant Pilulm xvj CORRIG"IA. A leathern strap. By exten- sion, the term has been applied to the tendons and ligaments. CORROB'ORANT, Corrob'orans, Rob'orans, Musculo!ria, Restau'rons, Restor'ative, Bracing, from corroborare, (con, and robur, ' strength,') 'to strengthen.' (F.) Corroborant, Corroboratif, Fortifiant. Any substance which strengthens and gives tone. Wine, for example, is a corrobo- rant. See Tonic. CORROBORANTIA, Tonics. CORROBORATIF, Corroborant. CORRODANT, Corrosive. CORRODEXS, Corrosive. CORROSIF, Corrosive. CORRO'SION, Corro'sio, Diabro'sis, Anabro-- sis, Ero'sio, from con, and rodere, rosum, ' to gnaw.' The action or effect of corrosive sub- stances. CORRO'SIVE, Corro'dens, Diabrot'icus, Cor- rosi'rus, same etymon. (F.) Corrosif, Corrodant. Corrosives are substances, which, when placed in contact with living parts, gradually disorganize them. Caustic alkalies, Mineral acids, Corrosive sublimate, are corrosives. They act either di- rectly, by chemically destroying the part, — or indirectly, by causing inflammation and gangrene. Corrosive Poison, see Poison. CORRUGATIO, Corrugation — c. Cutis, Wrinkle. CORRUGA'TION, Corrnga'tio, Syna'rema, from con, and ruga, 'a wrinkle.' Wrinkling, Frowning, (F.) Froncement; the contraction of the Corrugato'res Supercil'ii muscles. Corruga- tion of the skin is often owing to the application of styptic medicines: it is rendered by them un- equal and rugous. CORRUGATOR COITERII, Corrugator su- percilii. Corruga'tor Supercil'ii, from corrugare, 'to wrinkle ;' same etymon. Mus'cuius snpercil'ii, Supercilia'ris, Mus'cuius fronta'lis verus seu Cor- ruga'tor Coite'rii, (F.) Cutaneo-sourcilicr,Muscle Sourcilier ou Surcilier, M. Fronto-Sourcilier. A muscle situate in the eyebrows. It is attached, by its inner extremity, to the superciliary ridge, and is confounded, externally, with the occipito- frontalis and orbicularis palpebrarum. It carries the eyebrow inwards, and wrinkles the skin of the forehead. CORRUP'TION, Corrup'tio, Phthora, Diaph'- tJiora, from corrumpere, corruptum, (con, and rampere, 'to break,) 'to destroy.' Act ot cor- rupting. State of being corrupted. Reaction of the particles of a body upon each other. It is probable that something like corruption may take place even in the living body. CORSE 24^ CORSE, Corre. CORSET, from (F.) corps, 'the body.' ss to ^j of cerate.) CREATINE, Cre'atin, Creati'na, Kre'atine, from xptag, 'flesh.' A nitrogenized crystallizable neutral substance, obtained by the agency of water and heat in making broths and soups. It does not combine either with acids or alkalies. By the action of strong acids, creatine is con- verted into Creatinine or Kreatinine, a substance which has a strong alkaline reaction, and forms crystallizable salts with acids. It preexists to a small extent in the juice of flesh; and is found in conjunction with creatine in urine. CREATININE, see Creatine. CREATOPHAGUS, Carnivorous. CREAZOTOXT, Creasote. CREEPER, TRUMPET, Tecoma radicans— c. Virginia, Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Tecoma radicans. CREMASON, Pyrosis. CREMAS'TER, Suspend; c'ulum, Eleva'tor Tes- tic'uli, Mus'cuius Testis, M. Testicon'dus. That which suspends ; from xptpaor, ' I suspend.' The Greeks designated, by this term, the spermatic chord, or all the parts by which the testicle is, as it were, suspended ; but, since Vesalius, it has received its present limited meaning. The cre- raaster is a very thin, muscular fascia—sometimes hardly perceptible — which detaches itself from the internal oblique muscle; passes through the abdominal ring, and vanishes around the tunica vaginalis; serving to draw up the testicle, and to move it slightly. It has been, also, called Tunica ErythroVdes and Suspenso'rium Testis. CREMAS'TERIC, Cremaster'icus, same ety- mon as Cremaster. Appertaining or relating to the cremaster,—as 'cremasteric artery,'—a branch of the epigastric. CREME, Cream—c. de Soufre, Sulphur prasci- pitatum—c. de Tartre, Potassas supertartras. CREMER. The common name for a disease frequent in Hungary, which is produced by ex- cess in eating and drinking.—Chomel. CREMNOI, plural of xpnpvog, 'a steep bank.' The lips of an ulcer. The Labia puden'di.—Hip- pocrates, Foesius. Hence: CREMNON'CUS, from xpnpvog, 'the labia pu- dendi,' and oyKog, 'a tumour.' A swelling of the labia pudendi. CREMOR, Cream—c. Tartari, Potassas super- tartras—c. Urinas, see Urine. CREXA, Crenatu'ra, Dentic'ulus, (F.) (7rene- lure. In the plural, the small teeth or projec- tions in the bones of the cranium, by means of which an accurate junction is formed at the su- tures. Crenelure has also been used in surgery, for the gutter or groove in certain instruments, which is generally intended to secure the passage of cutting instruments; the groove, for example, of a director. CREXATURA, Crena. CRENELURE, Crena. CRE'OLE, (S.) Criollo; from (S.) criar, 'to create or foster.' A native of America, or of the West Indies, born of parents who have emigrated from the Old World, or from Africa. Hence there may be white as well as black Creoles.— Tschudi. CREOPHAGUS, Carnivorous. CREPALIA TEMULENTA, Lolium temu- lentum. CREPANELLA, Plumbago Europasa. CREPA'TIO, Crepa'tura, from crcpare, 'to make a noise.' The action of bursting any seed by ebullition. Coque ad crepatu'ram, ' Boil till it bursts.' CREPATURA, Hernia. CREPIDINES PALPEBRARUM, see Tarsus. CREP'ITANT, Crep'itating, Crepitans; same etymon. Crackling. Role Crepitant Sec d Grosses Bnlles, ' dry crackling noise with formation of large bubbles,' is heard in pulmonary emphysema, when the dis- tention becomes greater and greater, and is fol- lowed by rupture of the vesicles. The air forcing itself a passage in the interlobular areolar tissue, gives rise to this Rale during inspiration. Rale Crepitant Sec of Lae'nnec, R. vesiculaire. The crepitant rattle, heard, during respiration, in severe pneumonia and in oedema of the lung; so termed on account of the analogy between the sound and that occasioned by pressing a healthy lung between the fingers. It resembles the sound produced by rubbing slowly and firmly between the finger and thumb a lock of hair near the ear. The Rhonchus crepitans redux, (F.) Rale crepitant redux, is the sound heard in respiration coexistent with the resolution of pneumonia. It indicates the return of the cells to the pervious condition. CREPITA'TION, Crep'itus, from erepitare, 'to make a noise.' Crackling. Crepitation or crepi- tus, (F.) Cliquetis, has been used, in Surgery, to designate the noise occasioned by the friction of fractured bones, when the surgeon moves them in certain directions. When it cannot be heard at a distance, it may be detected by the immedi- ate application of the ear, or by the use of the stethoscope. Crepitus or crackling is, likewise, met with in cases of gangrene, when air is effused into the areolar membrane—provided the part be carefully examined with the fingers. The same term is used for the cracking of the joints in health or disease. CREPITUS, Crepitation, Fart—c. Lupi, Ly- coperdon. CRESCENTIA, Growth. Crescen'tia Cuje'te; called after Crescentio, an Italian writer on agriculture; Cujete, Narrow- leaved Calabash Tree. The pulp of the fruit of this West India plant is acidulous. It is used in diarrhoea and headach; and, in syrup, for dis- eases of the chest. CRESCENTIA, Waxing kernels. CRESERA, see Cribration. CRESPINUS, Oxycantha Galeni. CRESS, BITTER, COMMON, Cardamine pra- tensis—c. Garden, Lepidium sativum—c. Indian, Tropasolummajus—c. Penny,Thlaspi—c. Swines', Cochlearia coronopus—c. Water, Sisymbrium nas- turtium—c. Water, marsh, Nasturtium palustre. CRESSES, DOCK, Lapsana—c. Sciatica, Le- pidium Iberis. CRESSI, Sisymbrium nasturtium. CRESSON ALENOIS, Lepidium sativum — c. Elegant, Cardamine pratensis—c. de Fontaine, Sisymbrium nasturtium — c. des hides, Tropaso- lum majus—c. des Jardins, Lepidium sativum— c. du Mexique, Tropaeolum majus — c. de Para, Spilanthus oleraceus — c. des Prls, Cardamine pratensis. CREST, Crista —c of the Ilium, see Crista of the Ilium—c of the Pubis, see Crista of the Pu- bis—c of the Tibia, see Crista of the Tibia.—c. o( the Urethra, see Crista urethralis. CRETA 252 CRICOID CRETA, Car'bonas calcis friab'ilis, Car'bonas calca'reus, Glisomar'go, Melia Terra, Chalk, Car- bonate of Lime, (F.) Craie. Native friable car- bonate of lime. Creta Prepara'ta, Car'bonas Calcis prmpa- ra'tus, Prepared Chalk. (Prepared by levigation.) Used externally, as an absorbent; internally, as an antacid. Dose, gr. x to gj or more. CRETA'CEOUS, Creta'ceus, (F.) Crayeux, from , creta, ' chalk.' Containing, or relating to, or having the characters of, chalk; as 'cretaceous mixture, cretaceous tubercles.' CRETE, Crista—c. de Coq, Crista galli—c. de VEthmoide, Crista galli—c. Urethrale, Gallinagi- nis caput. CREATES DE COQ, see Crista. CRETIN. One affected with cretinism. The word is said to come from Chretien, " Christian," because the Cr6tin, being in a state of idiocy, is incapable of committing any sin (?) See Cagot. CRET'INISM, Cretinis'mus, Cret'inage, Cyrto'- eis Cretinis'mus, Kretinis'mus, Micrenceph'alon. An epidemic affection in the low, deep, narrow situations of the Valais; in the valley of Aost, Maurienne, a part of Switzerland, the Pyrenees, Tyrol, Ac. It is a state of idiocy, commonly accompanied by an enormous goitre, and is often hereditary. The unfortunate cretin is little better than the animals around him. He rarely attains an advanced age. Like idiocy, cretinism has been divided into complete and incomplete. GREUSET, Crucible. CREUX DE L'AISSELLE, see Axilla. CREUXDE L'ESTOMAC, Fossette du cceur. CREUX DE LA MAIN, Palm. CREUZNACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. The springs of Creuznach are in Germany. They contain iodine, bromine, and the chlorides of sodium and calcium. CREUZOT, MINERAL WATERS OF. C. is a mountain to the north-east of Mount Cenis. Near it is a saline chalybeate spring. CREVASSE, (F.) Rima, from crever, "to break or crack.' A crack, a cleft. The words crevasse, gerqure, fissure, and rhagade are often used syno- nymously for small longitudinal cracks or chaps of a more or less painful character. Sometimes, crevasse is employed to designate the solutions of continuity or ruptures, which supervene in dis- tended parts, in the urinary passages, uterus, Ac.: it is then synonymous with rupture. CRI, Cry. CRIRLE, Cribratus. CRIBRA, see Cribration. CRIBRA'TION, Cribra'tio, Coscinis'mus, from cribrore, ' to sift.' Sifting. A pharmaceutical operation, which consists in separating the finer parts of drugs from the coarser. Sieves. Drum- sieves are used for this purpose. These were for- merly called Cribra; Cos'cinoi. A sieve for separating the bran from meal was termed Cre'- eera, Aleurote'sis, Cribrum Pollina'rium. CRIBRA'TUS, Cribro'sus, from cribrum, 'a sieve.' (F.) Cribie. Having holes like a sieve. Lame criblee, Crib'riform plate, is the horizontal lamina of the ethmoid bone—so called because it is perforated like a sieve. Through the perfora- tions the olfactory nerves pass. La'mina Cribro'sa of Albinus; Orib'riform la- mella— a circular spot, perforated with small holes, seen when the optic nerve is regarded from the inside, after removing the retina and choroid. From these holes the medullary matter may be expressed. CRIB'RIFORM, Cribrifor'mis, from cribrum, 'a sieve,' and forma, 'form The ethmoid bone Was formerly so called:—Os Cribrifor'me. Cribriform Compress. A square piece of linen pierced with a number of holes. This is spread with cerate and applied to a suppurating surface, the holes being intended for the escape of the pus. Cribriform Fascia, see Fascia, cribriform—c Lamella, see Cribratus—c. Plate of the Ethmoid, see Cribratus. CRIBROSUS, Cribratus. CRIBRUM POLLINARIUM, see Cribration. CRICARYTENODES, Crico-arytenoid. CRICELLA'SIA, Cricila'sia, from xpixog, ' a circle,' and tXawta, 'I drive.' An exercise with the ancients, which appears to have been the same as the childish play of rolling the hoop. CRICK IN THE NECK. A painful rheuma- tic affection of the muscles of the neck, which causes the person to hold his head to one side in a characteristic manner. C RIC 0-A RY T'E NOID, Crico-arytendidens, Cricaryteno'des. Relating to the cricoid and ary- tenoid cartilages. Crico-Aryt'enoid Muscle, Crico-arytendide- us latera'lis, Crico-latero-arytenoidiexi. A muscle which proceeds from the lateral part of the supe- rior edge of the cricoid cartilage to the outer and anterior part of the base of the arytenoid carti- lage. It carries the arytenoid cartilage outward and forwards. Crico-Aryt'enoid, Poste'rior; Crico-aryte- ndideus posticus, Crico-creti-arytendidien, Dila- tateur postedeur du Larynx. A small, triangular muscle, seated at the back part of the larynx. It extends from the prominent line, at the middle of the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage, to the outer and posterior part of the base of the arytenoid cartilage. Crico-Arytenoideus Supe'rior, of Winslow, forms part of the Arytendideus of modern anato- mists. CRICO-CRETI-ARYTENOIDIEN, Crico- arytenoid, posterior — c. Latero-arytendidien, Crico-arytenoid. CRICO - PHARYNGEAL, Crico-Pharyngeus. Belonging to the cricoid cartilage and pharynx. Crico-Pharyngeus muscle, of Winslow, is a fleshy bundle, which forms part of the Constrictor Pharyngis inferior. He calls the other part Thyro-pharynge'us, and proposes to call the whole Thyro-crico-pharyngeus. CRICO-THYREOIDES, Crico-Thyroidean. Crico-Thyroidean, Crico-thyroid, Crico-thy- reo'des, Crico-thyredi'des, Crico-thyredideus. Be- longing to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. Crico-Thyroid Membrane is of a fibrous na- ture, and extends from the upper edge of the cricoid cartilage to the inferior edge of the thyroid. Crico-Thyroid Muscle, Crico-thyroideus,(F.) Dilatateur anterieur du larynx, is a small fleshy bundle, of a triangular shape, at the anterior and inferior part of the larynx. It extends from the outer surface of the cricoid cartilage to the late- ral parts of the inferior margin of the thyroid car- tilage ; and its use is, to approximate, anteriorly, the corresponding margins of the cricoid and thy- roid cartilages; and thus to stretch the ligaments of the glottis, which it contracts by separating the thyroid cartilage from the arytenoid. CRICO- THYRO-PHAR YNGIEN, Constric- tor pharyngis. CRICOID, Cricdi'dexis, CHcdi'des, Orico'deif Annula'ris, Cymbala'x-is, from xpixog, 'a ring,* and ti&og, 'form.' Having the form of a ring. A name given to one of the cartilages of the larynx, Cartila'go innomina'ta, (F.) Cartilage anonyme, which is situate at its lower part, be- tween the thyroid and first ring of the trachea. It is much higher behind than before. CRICOIDES 253 CROCOMAGMA CRICOIDES, Annular, Cricoid. CRICOS, Ring. CRIMNO'DES, Crimndi'des, from xptpvov, * coarse meal,' and tioog, ' resemblance.' Resem- bling meal. Crimno'des Uri'na. Urine that deposits a sediment like meal. CRIMNON, Farina. CRINA'LE, from crinis, 'hair.' An instru- ment formerly used to compress in cases of fis- tula lachrymalis. It has, its name from the cir- cumstance of its having at one end a small cushion stuffed with hair.—Scultetus. CRINA'TUM. A species of fumigation, used by Paulus of iEgina. The roots of lilies entered into the process; hence its name,—from xpivov, 'the lilv.' CRIXES, Hair. CRIXIS, Capillus. CRINOM'YRON, from Kpivov, 'the lily,' and pvpov, ' ointment.' Unguen'tum lilia'ceum, U. JEgyp'tium album, U. Susi'num. An ointment, composed of lilies and some aromatic plants. — Gorrasus, CRINON, Lilium candidum. CRIOLLO, Creole. CRIOMYX'OS. In antiquity, one who had much mucus flowing from his nasal fossae, like the ram; from xpiog, ' a ram,' and pv%a, ' mucus.' CRISIS, Diac'risia, Dijudica'tio, ' decision ;' from xpivo, ' I decide.' This word has been used in various acceptations. Some mean by crisis of a disease, when it augments or diminishes consi- derably, becomes transformed into another, or ceases entirely. Some have used the word to signify only the favourable changes which super- vene in disease; others, for the change going on in the acme or violence of the disease. Others, again, have given this name only to a rapid and favourable change, joined to some copious eva- cuation or eruption; whilst others have applied the term to the symptoms that accompany such change, and not to the change itself; — thus in- cluding, under the same denomination, the criti- cal phenomena and the crisis. CRISPA'TIOXr, Crispatu'ra, from crispare, 'to wrinkle.' A contraction or spasmodic con- striction, which supervenes in certain parts, either spontaneously or by the influence of some mor- bific cause or therapeutical agent. The capillary vessels of a wound are, by the French, termed crispes, when, immediately, after an operation, the blood does not flow from them. The skin is said to be crispee, when contracted, and the oulbs of the hair become more prominent. Cris- pation of the nerves is a slight convulsive motion of external or internal parts, much less than that which occurs in convulsion. CRISTA, Ambe, Ambon. A crest. (F.) Crete. A name given to several bony projections; also, to the clitoris. The word Crites (F.), Crista, is also used, in France, for fimbriated excrescences, which form at the anus, and near the genital organs; and are commonly owing to the syphilitic virus. Cretes de Ooq are syphilitic excrescences, resembling, in form, the crest of the cock. Crista Galli; two Latin words, signifying the comb of a cock, (F.) Crete de Vethmo'ide, G. de Ooq. A flat, triangular process, rising above the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, and re- sembling a cock's comb. It gives attachment to the anterior part of the falx cerebri. Crista or Crest of the Il'ium, is the supe- rior margin of the ilium :—the Crista or Crest of the Tib'ia, the anterior edge, the shin; and the Crista or Creat of the Pubia, the posterior sharp edge on the upper surface of the bone. Winslow calls the nymphae Cristm of the clit'oris; an«3 Chaussier, the veru montanum, Crista Urethra'- lis, Crest of the Urethra. Crista Interna, Frontal spine — c. Tibiae, Shin—c. Urethralis, Gallinaginis caput. Crista Vestib'uli, Eminen'tia pyramida'lis. A crest which divides the vestibule of the ear into two fossas, — one inferior and hemispherical, called Fo'vea hemisphm'rica; the other superior and semi-elliptical, Fovea ellip'tica seu semi- ellip'tica. Morgagni has described a third groove. like fossa, Feces'sus seu Fo'vea sulciform'is, situ- ate at the mouth of the common orifice of tbe two superior semicircular canals. CRISTA CLITORIDIS, Nymphae. CRISTALLIN, Crystalline. CRISTALLINE, Mesembryanthemum crys, tallinum. CRITHE, Hordeolum, Hordeum, Penis. CRITHIDION, Hordeolum. CRITHMUM MARIT'IMUM, Crithmum, Ca- chrys marit'ima, Fcenic'ulum marl num, Samphire, (F.) Passc-pierre, Perce-pierre, Fenouil marin, Racile. Family, Umbelliferas. Sex. Syst. Pen- tandria Digynia. A plant which grows on the sea-coasts, has a spicy, aromatic flavour, and is used, pickled, as a condiment. The Caaponga of Brazil is a kind of crithmum. CRIT'ICAL, Crit'ieus. Belonging to a crisis. Critical Days, Dies crit'ici, D. judicato'rii, D. Decreto'rii, D. Prin'cipes, D. Radica'les, D. Contemplab'iles, D. Internvn'cii, (F.) Jours cri- tiques, are those on which a crisis, it is imagined, is most likely to happen. According to Hippo- crates and Galen, the greatest number of fevers terminate favourably on the 7th day, and many on the 14th; — these two days being the most propitious. Next to these come, in order of effi- ciency, the 9th, 11th, 20th or 21st, 17th, 5th, 4th, 3d, 18th, 27th, and 28th. The sixth day was called by Galen, the Tyrant, rvpavvog, because the crises that happened then were generally un- favourable. After this, the most unfavourable were the 8th, 10th, 12th, 16th, and 19th. The 13th was a sort of neutral day; the crises which happened on it being neither favourable nor un- favourable. Days were, also, divided into Inter'- calory, on which the crises happened less fre- quently, and were less complete than on the cx-itical or indicatory ;—and into vacant and non- decretory, on which a crisis hardly ever occurred. According to this division, they were enumerated as follows: Critical days.......7th, 14th, 20th, 27th, 34th, 40th, 60th, Ac Indicatory days.....4th, 11th, 17th, 24th, Ac. Intercalary days... .3d, 5th, 6th, 9th, Ac Non-decretory days..2d, 8th, 10th, 12th, 13th, Ac Fortunate crises were considered to be indi- cated by favourable signs appearing three days before. CRITICAL PERIOD, see Menses. CROCHET, Crotchet. CROCIDISMUS, Carphologia. CROCIDIXIS, Carphologia. CRO'CINUM, from xpoxog, 'saffron.' Made with saffron ; coloured with saffron. CROCO'DES, from xpoxog, ' saffron,' and tiSog, 'resemblance.' Certain troches into which saf- fron entered as an ingredient.—Paulus of iEgina. CROCODI'LEA, Stercus Lacer'ta. The ex- crements of the crocodile, which the Arabists extolled as a remedy for cutaneous diseases, and which was long used as a cosmetic. CROCODILIUM, Echinops. CROCOMAG'MA, from xpoxog, 'saffron,' and uaypa, a kneaded or squeezed mass.' A kind CROCUS 254 CROWN of troch, composed of saffron and spices.—Galen, Dioscorides, Paulus of iEgina, Scribonius Largus. CROCUS, G. sati'vus seu officina'lis seu Aus- triacus, Medici'na Tristil'im, Ponace'a vegetab'- ilis, Zaffran, An'ima Pulmo'num., C. Orienta'lis, Jovis fios, Saffron, (F.) Safran. Order, Irideas. The stigmata are the parts used in medicine. They are brought from the East. The odour is aromatic, and the taste aromatic, pungent, and bitter :—the colour deep orange red. Its virtues are yielded to alcohol, wine, vinegar and water. Its operation has been considered stimulant, ex- hilarating and diaphoretic. It is not much used. Cake Saffron is sometimes met with. It con- sists of one part of saffron and nine of marigold, made into a cake with oil, and pressed. Crocus, Colcothar — c. Antimonii, Oxydum Stibii sulphuratum — c. Austriacus, Crocus — c. Germanicus, Carthamus tinctorius — c. Indicus, Curcuma longa—c. Martis adstringens, Colcothar —c. Martis aperiens, Ferri subcarbonas—c. Mar- tis vitriolatus, Colcothar—c. Metallorum, Oxydum stibii sulphuratum—c. Officinalis, Crocus—c. Ori- entalis, Crocus—c. Saracenicus, Carthamus tinc- torius—c. Sativus, Crocus. CROCYDISMUS, Carphologia. CROISE, (F.) Crossed. An epithet given to paralysis, when it attacks the arm of one side and the leg of another. CROISSANCE, Growth. CROISSANCES, Waxing kernels. CROISSANTS, Waxing kernels. CROIX DE MALTE, Sple'nium Crucia'tum, Maltese Cross, Cross of Malta. A compress, having the form of the Maltese cross. It is made of a piece of square linen, folded in four, and divided with scissors from each angle to a small distance from the centre. It is used espe- cially after amputation of the fingers, penis, and limbs. When the compress is cut in two of its angles only, it is called the Half Maltese Cross,—Demi- croix de Malte. CROMMYON, Allium cepa. CROMMYOXYREG'MIA, from xpoppvov, 'an onion,' ol-vg, 'acid,' and pnyvvpi, 'to break out.' Sour, fetid eructations, exhaling a smell similar to that of onions. CROPALE, Nerium antidysentericum. CROPSIA, Chromopsia. CROSS, MALTESE, Croix de Malte. CROSSE DE L'AORTE, Arch of the aorta. CROSSES PALM AIRES, Palmar arches. CROSSWORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Lysi- machia quadrifolia. CROTALOPHORUS, Crotalus horridus. CROT'ALUS HOR'RIDUS, Crotaloph'orris. The Rattlesnake, Cobra di Capello, (F.) Crotale. A venomous reptile of North America, its poison is virulent. It is so called from the rattle in its tail, (xporaXov, 'a rattle,' 'a small bell.') C R 0 T 'A PIIE, Crota'phium, from xporatpog, 'temple.' Cephalalgia Pulsat'ilis, Cephalm'a Pulsat'ilis, Sphygmoceph'alus. A pulsatory pain, chiefly in the temples, with drumming in the ears. CROTAPHITE ARTERIES, Temporal ar- teiles. CROTAPHITES. Temporal muscle. CROTAPHIUM, Crotaphe. CROTAPHUS, Temple, Temporal bone. CROTCHET, Hamus. A small hook or crook. (F.) Crochet. An obstetrical instrument, whose name indicates its shape, and which is used ir. the extraction of the foetus, when it becomes necessary to destroy it to expedite delivery. Crotchets are differently formed; some are sharp, others blunt; tome contained in a sheath, others naked. CROTON BENZOE, Benjamin. Croton Cascaril'la, Cox-tex Eleuthe'ria, Cro- ton Eleuthe'ria seu Elute'ria, Clu'tia Elute'ria, Thus Judmo'rum, Chacaril'la cortex, Cascaril'la, Eleute'ria, Gascaril'la. Order, Euphorbiacese. Sex. Syst. Monoscia Monadelphia. (F.) Quin- quina aromatique, Cascorille. The bark of Cro- ton Cascarilla of the Bahamas, Cortex Thuris, has a slightly aromatic odour, and bitterish, art, matic taste. The smoke has the odour of musk. The active parts are an essential oil and bitter extractive. They are completely extracted by proof spirit. It is tonic and stomachic. Dose, gr. xv to gss or more, in powder. Croton Eleutheria, Croton cascarilla—c. Ja- malyota, C. tiglium—c. Lacciferum, see Lacca— c. Oil, Croton tiglium. Croton Racemo'sum, Peenel. A small Mala- bar tree, whose aromatic root, boiled in oil of sesame, is employed, by the orientals, as a lini- ment in headach and rheumatism. Croton Tig'lium, c. Jamalyo'ta, Cadel-Avanacu. A Ceylonese plant, every part of which is en- dowed with medicinal power. The root is a dras- tic cathartic: the wood, Lignum Pava'va, Pa- rana wood, and the seed, have like virtues. The seeds have been long known under the names, Grana Moluc'ca, Til'ii Grana, and Grana Tig'lii seu Tig'lia. From these seeds the Croton Oil, O'leum Tig'lii, is expressed. It is of a pale, brownish-yellow colour, and hot, biting taste; and is a most powerful drastic cathartic. Dose, from half a drop to three drops, made into pills with crumb of bread. It is also applied exter- nally as a rubefacient, 3 to 5 drops being rubbed on the part; or one part of the oil and three parts of olive oil may be added together, and a little of this be rubbe_d on. CROTO'NE, xponavn. A fungus, which grows on trees, and is produced by an insect, from xporwv, ' a tick.' By extension, applied to a fungous tumour developed on the periosteum. CROUP, Cynanche trachealis — c. Bronchial, Polypus bronchialis—c. Cerebral, Asthma thymi- cum—c. Cerebral spasmodic, Carpo-pedal spasm—■ c. Chronic, Polypus bronchialis — c. Faux, Asth- ma thymicum, see Cynanche trachealis. Croup, Hyster'ic. A spasmodic affection of the laryngeal muscles by no means unfrequentin hysterical females,—the paroxysm consisting in a long protracted, loud and convulsive cough, followed at times by crowing respiration, and by dyspnoea so great as to threaten suffocation. The treatment is that advised for hysteria. Croup, Pseudo, Asthma thymicum — c. Pseu- do-nerveux, Asthma thymicum — c. Spasmodic, see Asthma thymicum, and Cynanche trachealis — c. Spurious, Asthma thymicum. CROUPE, see Croupion. CROUP ION (F.) Uropyg'ium, Orris, Orrhos, the Rump. The region of the coccyx. The Crup- per, (F.) Croupe. CROUP-LIKE INSPIRATION OF IN- FANTS, Asthma thymicum. CROUTE, Crusta— c. De lait, Porrigo larvalis —c. Laiteuse, Porrigo larvalis. CROUTEUX, Crustace. CROWFOOT, Geranium maculatum—c. Brist- ly, Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus-—c. Bulbous- rooted, Ranunculus bulbosus—c. Marsh, Ranun- culus sceleratus—c. Meadow, Ranunculus acris— c. Small-flowered, Ranunculus abortivus—c. Wa- ter, smaller, Ranunculus flammula. CROWN, Coro'na, Steph'ane. In anatomy, this name is given to parts of a circular form, which surmount other portions of the same body. Thus, the Crown of a Tooth, Coro'na Dentis, (F.) Cou- ronne du Dent, is the portion of the tooth which projects above the gum. CROWSBEAK-LIKE PROCESS 25. Crown of the Glans, Coro'na seu Tor'ulus glandia, (F.) Couronne du gland, is the round, almost circular, ring, which circumscribes the base of the glans. Crown of the Trepan, Modiolus, (F.) Cou- ronne du Trepan, is a species of saw, in form of a crown, or rather of a portion of a cylinder, having grooves on its external surface, and teeth at its lower extremity; the other being fitted to the handle of the trepan. Crown of Venus, Coro'na Ven'eris, Gutta Ro- sa'cea Syphilitica, (F.) Couronne de Venus. Red, rosy pustules, dry or moist, on the face; but par- ticularly on the forehead and temples, owing to constitutional syphilis. CROWSBEAK-LIKE PROCESS, Coracoid process. CRU'CIAL, from crux, crucis, 'a cross.' Cru- cia'lis, Crucia'tus. Having the shape of a cross. Appertaining to a cross. Crucial Bandage, T Bandage. Crucial Incis'ion, Incieu'ra crucia'lis, (F.) Incision cruciale. An incision made in the form of a cross. Often employed for exposing the cra- nium, for the purpose of applying the trepan. Crucial Ligament of the Atlas, Annular ligament of the Atlas. Crucial Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments croises, L. cruciformes. Two strong ligaments within the knee-joint. The anterior passes obliquely from a depression anterior to the spine of the tibia to the posterior and inner part of the exter- nal condyle of the femur: — the other, the poste- rior, extends from the posterior part of the spine of the tibia to the anterior and outer part of the internal condyle. CRUCIA'TI DOLO'RES, Excruciating pains. CRU'CIBLE, from crux, crucis, 'across:' so called—it has been supposed—from being made in the shape of a cross, or from having a cross impressed upon it: Crucib'ulum, Cati'nus fuso'- rius, Tigil'lum, Albot, Cemente'rium, (F.) Creuset. A vessel of earth, silver, platinum, gold, black- lead, Ac, for receiving substances, which have to be exposed to a strong heat. It is sometimes covered with a top or lid. (F.) Couvercle. CRU'CIFORM, from crux, crucis,' a cross,' and forma, 'shape;' Cruciform'is, Cross-shaped. A name given to the ligaments which close the ar- ticulations of the phalanges; and likewise to the crucial ligaments. CRUDE, Crudus, Omxis : Raw, unripe, not con- cocted. CRUDITAS MORBI, see Crudity—c. Ventri- culi, see Crudity. CRU'DITY, Cru'ditas, Om'otes, Status Crudi- ta'tis,iron\ crudus, 'crude,' 'unprepared,' Incoctue. Rawneea, Crudeneaa. This has received several acceptations. 1. It expresses the quality of cer- tain aliments, which have not experienced the action of fire. 2. The condition of matters in the digestive tube, which have not undergone the di- gestive changes,—cru'ditae ventric'uli; and, 3. In the language of the Humorists, it means the con- dition of the morbific matter in a sick individual, cru'ditae morbi, when it has not yet been pre- pared or concocted by the action of the organs,— Azym'ia humo'rum,. The word is used in the plural, Cru'ditiea, syno- nymously with crude matters. (F.) Matilrcs ernes. It is applied to those, when contained in the sto- mach and intestines. CRUELS, Scrofula. CRUEXTA EXSPUITIO, nasmoptysis. CRUES (Matieres,) see Crudity. CRUME'XA VESrC&. The cavity of the urinary bladder. CRUOR. The signification of this word is 5 CRURAL very vague. It has been used to designate blood in general, venous blood, extravasated or coagu- lated blood, and the colouring matter. Cruor Sanguinis, see Blood. CRUORIN, Hasmatin. CRUPPER, Croupion—c Bone, Coccyx. CRUPSIA, Metamorphopsia. CRURA. The plural of Crus, 'a leg. (F.) Cuisse. Applied to some parts of the body, from their resemblance to legs or roots; as the Crura cerebri, Crura cerebelli, Ac. Crura Anteriora Medulla Oblongata, Pe- duncles of the brain — c. Cerebelli ad Corpora Quadrigemina, see Peduncles of the cerebellum— c. Cerebelli ad Pontem, see Peduncles of the cere- bellum — c. Clitoridis interna, Bulbus vestibuli— c. Medullas oblongatas, Corpora restiformia, Tha- lami nervorum opticorum, see Peduncles of the cerebellum — c. Posteriora medullas oblongatas, Peduncles of the cerebellum. CRUR.EUS, Cruralis. CRURAL, Crura'lis, from crus, 'the thigh, and lower limb.' What belongs to the thigh or lower limb. Crural ARcn, In'guinal Arch, Fern'oral Arch, (F.) Arcade cx-xirale, A. inguinale (Ch.), Pou- part's Lig'ament, L. of Fallo'piua. This arch is formed by the internal portion of the inferior edge of the aponeurosis of the obliquus externus mus- ele, which is attached, at one end, to the pubis; at the other, to the anterior and superior spinous process of the ilium. At its posterior and inner part, the aponeurosis, forming the'arch, sends off a falciform reflection, which is attached along the crest of the pubis, and is known under the name of Gimbernat's Ligament. Beneath this arch, the vessels, nerves, and muscles make their exit from the pelvis to the thigh. Crural Artery, Fem'oral Artery, (F.) Artlre crurale, A. Pelvi-crurale,—(Ch.,) is the continua- tion of the external iliac. It extends from the crural arch to the aperture in the triceps, or to the ham. Chaussier applies the name Artere crurale to the trunk, which extends from the pri- mitive or common iliac to the tibial arteries ; em- bracing, of course, the external iliac, femoral, and popliteal. Crural Canal, Crural Ring, Fem'oral canal or ring. M. Jules Cloquet has described this canal with minuteness, and given it the name Anneau crural, Anneau femoral. It is nearly an inch long, triangular, more spacious above than below, and shorter and broader in the female than in the male. Its upper orifice is bounded, anteriorly, by the crural arch; posteriorly, by the crista of the pubis; on the outer side by the psoas and iliacus muscles, covered by the iliac aponeurosis, and, at the inner, by Gimbernat's ligament. This orifice is covered by the peritoneum, and, accor- ding to M. Cloquet, is closed by a more or less resisting septum, which he has named Septum crurale, Crural eeptum. In its course, the crural canal has its anterior parietes formed by the super- ficial expansion of the fascia lata: the posterior by the pectineus, covered by the deep-seated ex- pansion of the fascia; and more externally by the psoas and iliacus muscles, covered by an expan- sion of the fascia iliaca. Its inferior orifice is formed by the foramen of the fascia lata,, which gives passage to the vena saphasna. It is at the upper orifice of this canal, that Femoral or Crux-al Hernia, Hernie inguinale of Chaussier, occurs: which would be more common, were it not for the fibrous cellular septum there situate. Crural Nerve proceeds from the lumbar plexus, and is situate at the outer side of tho psoas muscle and crural artery. After it has CRURAL 256 CRYSTALLINE passed under the crural arch, it divides into cutaneous and muscular branches. One of the branches, which is larger than the rest, is called the Sapha'na nerve. It gives off filaments to the integuments of the knee, to the inner part of the leg, and to the dorsal surface of the foot. The remainder of the branches of the crural are dis- tributed to the anterior and inner part of the thigh. The Ac'cessory of the Crural Nerve is a term given to the 4th and 5th pairs of lumbar nerves. Crural Plexus of Chaussier is the union of the anterior branches of the last four pairs of lumbar nerves, and the first four sacral; forming the lumbar and sacral plexuses of most anato- mists. Crural Ring, Crural canal—c. Septum, see Crural canal. Crural Vein, Fem'oral Vein, has the same arrangement as the artery. It receives only one great branch, the saphasna. CRURAL, Triceps cruris. CRURA'LIS, Crura'ua. A part of the Tricepa crural of the French, or of the Trifemororotulien of Chaussier. The cruralis is situate at the ante- rior, outer, and inner part of the thigh. It arises, fleshy, from between the two trochanters, adheres firmly to most of the fore part of the os femoris, and is inserted, tendinous, into the upper part of the patella, behind the rectus. Its use is to assist the vasti and rectus in the extension of the leg. Under Muscle Triceps Crural, the French describe the cruralis and the two vasti. Some small mus- cular slips, sometimes found under the cruraeus muscle, and inserted into the capsular ligament of the knee-joint, have been called Sub-crura'i. CRURIS RADIUS, Fibula. CRUS, Leg, Thigh. CRUST, Eschar. CRUSTA. A crust or scab. (F.) Croute. An assemblage of small flakes, formed by the drying up of a fluid secreted by the skin. The lining membrane of the stomach and in- testines has been called Grusta villo'sa. Crusta Adamantina Dentium, Enamel of the teeth. Crusta GenuEqui'na, HippogoxryoVepus, Sweat or ATn.ee Scab, Mock or Encircled Hoof Knees, Hangers, Dew Claws, Night Eyes, Horse Crust. This morbid secretion from the horse has been advised in cases of epilepsy. It is used in the form of powder, (gr. ij to gr. xx;) and of tincture. Crusta Inflammatoria, Corium phlogisticum — c Lactea, Porrigo larvalis, P. lupinosa — c. Membranacea, Peristroma—c. Petrosa, see Tooth c. Phlogistica, Corium phlogisticum — c. Pleure- tiea, Corium phlogisticum—c. Pruriginosa, Gutta rosea—c. Serpiginosa, Gutta rosea—c. Vermicu- laris, Peristroma—c Villosa linguae, see Tongue —c Villosa ventriculi, see Stomach. CR USTACE, (F.) Alibert has substituted this word, in his Nosology, for cro&teux, 'crusty.' Having crusts or scabs; as Dartre crustacee. CRUS'TULA. A small shell or scab. An ecchymosis of the conjunctiva. CRUSTUMFNATUM. A rob, prepared from the Pyra Crustumi'na or Crustumeri'na, (so called from Crustuminum, a town in Italy, where they grew,) boiled witb honey or in rain-water.— Ae'tius. CRUX CERVI. An ancient appellation for the bone in the heart of the stag. It was once considered useful in diseases of the heart. CRY, Clamor, Roe, (F.) Cri. The sound of the unarticulated voice. The native voice, which the idiot and deaf possess equally with the man of genius and hearing. The cry of the new-born child has been called Vagi'tus, (F.) Vagissement. We say, " A cry of joy, of pleasure, of pain," Ac, according to the expression which it may convey to the hearer. CRYMO'DES, from xpvpog, 'cold.' A conti. nued fever, Febris crymo'des, in which the inter. nal parts feel hot, and the external cold; and which was attributed to an erysipelatous inflam- mation of the lungs.—Ae'tius, Gorrasus. CRYMODYN'IA, from xpvpog, 'cold,' and oivx% ' pain.' Chronic rheumatism, and all its modifi. cations.—Baumes. CRYMO'SIS, from xpvpog, 'cold.' Diseases caused by the action of cold.—Baumes. CRYPSOR'CHIS, from xpvirroi, 'I conceal,' and opxig, 'a testicle.' Gryptor'chis, Testicon'dxis. One in whom the testes have not descended into the scrotum. The state is called, Cryptorchidis'- mus, Parox-chid'ium. CRYPTA, from Kpvirrog, 'concealed.' Follie'- ulose gland, Lacu'na, Follic'ulus, (F.) Crypte, Follicule. A crypt or follicle is a small, round- ish, hollow body, situate in the substance of the skin or mucous membranes, and constantly pour- ing the fluid which it secretes on their surfaces. The use of the cryptal or follicular secretion, is to keep the parts on which it is poured supple and moist, and to preserve them from the action of irritating bodies with which they have to come in contact. The little rounded appearances at the ends of the small arteries, in the cortical substance of the kidney, are also called Crypta. CRYPTO SEBACEAE, Sebaceous glands. CRYPTE, Crypta. CRYPTOCEPH'ALUS, from Kpvirrog, 'con- cealed,' and xtipaXn, 'head.' A monster whose head is excessively small, and does not appear externally.—G. St. Hilaire. CRYPTOCOCCUS, Fermentum, Torula cere- CRYPTODID'YMUS, Foetus in feetn. A mon- strosity, in which one foetus is found contained in another. CRYPTOG'AMOUS, Cryptogam'ic, Crypto- gam'icus; from xpvirrog, 'concealed,' and yapog, ' marriage.' An epithet applied by botanists to plants whose organs of fructification arc concealed or not manifest. Ag'amous plants are those whose sexual organs are not known. CRYPTOPY'IC, Cryptopy'icus, from xpvirru), 'I conceal,' and irvov, 'pus.' A state of disease, kept up by an occult abscess. CRYPTOPYICUS, Cryptopyic. CRYPTORCHIDISMS, see Crypsorchis. CRYPTORCHIS, Crypsorchis. CRYPTS OF LIEBERKUHN, see Intestine —c. Synovial, Bursae mucosas. CRYSTAL, MINERAL, Potassae nitras fusn- sulphatis paucillo mixtus. CRYSTAL'LI. Vesicles filled with a watery fluid. They are also called crystal Una. Pro- bably the pemphigus of modern writers. Crystalli Luna, Argenti nitras. CRYSTALLIN, Crystalline. CRYSTAL'LINA, from xpvoraXXog, 'crystal.' A vesicle or phlyctasna, filled Tjrfth serum, and appearing on the prepuce or in the vicinity of the anus, surrounded by a reddish extravasated aure- ola. It may be syphilitic or not. See Crystalli. Crystallina Tunica, Arachnoid membrane. CRYS'TALLINE, Crystallinus. Having the appearance of crystal. Crys'talline, Crys'talline humour, C. Lens, Crys'talline body, Cryetal'linua, Lena crystallina. Lens crystalldi'des vel Corpus Crystalli num, C Discdi'des, C. Crystalldi'des, C. Phacdi'des, Hu- mor crystal linus, H. glaeia'lis, Phaee, Phacea Pha»us, Gemma Oculi, (F.) Cristallin ou Crystal CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS 257 CUCUMIS tin, Humeur crystalline, Corps crystallin, Lent Me crystalline. A lenticular, transparent body, situ- ate between the vitreous and aqueous humours of the eye, at the union of the anterior third with the two posterior thirds of the organ. It is com- posed of a soft exterior substance; and an inte- rior, forming a solid nucleus, in which a number of elliptical layers is perceptible. It is con- tained in a capsule, called Tu'nica ara'nea vel crystal'lina, Cap'sula lentis, and receives, at its posterior surface, a small branch of the central artery of the retina, which is always readily dis- tinguishable in the foetus, prior to the seventh month of utero-gestation. The use of the crystalline is to refract the rays of light, and to serve as an achromatic glass : for which its laminae or layers, increasing in refrac- tive power from the circumference to the centre, admirably adapt it. CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS, see Phacitis. CRYSTALLION, Plantago psyllium. CRYSTALLITIS, Phacitis. CRYS'TALLOID, Crystallin'des, from xpvoraX- \og, ' crystal,' and ttSog, ' form,' ' resemblance.' Resembling crystal or the crystalline. The cap- sule or membrane of the ex-ystalline. Also, the crystalline itself. CRYSTALLUS MINERALIS, Potassas nitras fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus. CRYTHE, Hordeolum. CTEDON, Fibre. CTEIS, Pubes. CTESIPHON'TIS MALAG'MA. A plaster employed and described by Celsus. CUBA, see Havana. CUBAL SIXI, Piper cubeba. CUBATIO, Decubitus. CUBEBA, Piper Cubeba. CUBIFORMIS, Cuboid. CUBIT, Ulna—c. Top of the, Olecranon. CU'BITAL, Cubita'lis, Ulnar, Ulna'ris. Con- nected with or relating to the cubitus, or to the inner and posterior part of the forearm. Cubital Artery, Arte'ria cubita'lis, A. ulna'- ris, arises from the humeral a little below the bend of the elbow; proceeds along the anterior and inner part of the forearm ; passes anterior to the ligamentum annulare of the carpus, and goes to form, in the palm of the hand, the superficial palmar arch. Besides the numerous muscular branches, which it gives off in its course, it sends posteriorly the common trunk of the interosaeoua arteriea, and internally, the two cubital reeur- rents, anterior and poaterior,—articular branches, which anastomose on the inside of the elbow with the divisions of the humeral artery. Cubital Muscles are two in number. 1. The Oubita'lia ante'rior, O. inter'nus, Flexor carpi ulna'ris, Ulna'ria inter'nus, Epitroehli-eubito-ear- pien, Cubito-carpien — (Ch.), is along muscle, situate at the anterior and inner part of the fore- arm. It arises from the inner condyle of the os humeri, at the inner side of the olecranon, and from the posterior edge of the ulna, and is in- serted by a tendon into the os pisiforme. Its use is to bend the hand on the forearm, by di- recting it slightly inwards. 2. The Cubitalis poste'rior seu exter'nua, Extexlaor Garpi ulna'ris, Ulna'ris exter'nus, Cubite'us exter'nus, Cubito- sus-metaearpien—(Ch.), is situate at the posterior part of the forearm. It arises from the external condyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into the superior extremity of the fifth bone of the meta- carpus. Its use is to extend the hand, inclining it a little inwards. Cubital Nerve, Ulnar nerve, Cubito-digital— (Ch.), is furnished by the last two or three nerves of the brachial plexus, and is distributed to the 17 inner and anterior side of the forearm; to the inner part of the palm and of the back of the hand, and to the last two or three fingers. Cubital Veins, deep-seated, and the Recur- rent cubital veins, accompany the corresponding arteries. The superficial cubital veins belong to the basilic Chaussier calls them cuta'neous cu- bital. CUBITALE (OS), Cuneiform bone. CUBITALIS RIOLANI, see Anconeus. CUBITEUS EXTERNUS, see Cubital muscles. CURITO-CARPIEN, see Cubital muscles—c. Cutane (nerf), Cutaneous nerve — c. Phalaxiget- Hen commun, Flexor profundus perforans — c. Radi-sus-metacarpien du poxtce, Abductor longus pollicis—c. Radial, Pronator radii quadratus. CUBITO - SUPRAPALM A' RIS. Belonging to the cubitus and to the supra-palmar or dorsal surface of the hand. Chaussier gives this name: 1. To a small artery, which is given off by the cubital or ulnar, a little above the wrist. 2. To a vein, which accompanies this artery. CURITO-SUS-METACARPIEN, see Cubital muscles—c. Sus-metacarpien du pouce, Abductor longus pollicis — c. Sus-Phalangettien de Vindex, Extensor proprius indicis — c. Sus-phalangettien du pouce, E. longus pollicis — c. Sus-phalangien du pouce, E. pollicis brevis. CU'BITUS, xvfiirov, Cy'biton. The Elbow. Also, one of the bones of the forearm. See Ulna, and Forearm. Cubitus, (F.) Coudee, the ancient name of a measure 18 inches long. Cubitus Supinus, see Decubitus. CU'BOID, Cubdi'des, Cubdl'dens, Cubo'dee, Cubifor'mis; Cybdi'dee, Cyrtdi'des,. Grandino'sum Os, Tes'sara, Tessera os, Os va'rirum, from xvfiog, 'a cube,' and tdog, 'form.' Having the form of a cube. This name was given, by Galen, to one of the bones of the tarsus, and is still retained. It is situate at the anterior and outer part of the tarsus; and is articulated, behind, with the cal- caneum ; before, with the last two metatarsal hones, and within, with the third os cuneiforme, and sometimes with the scaphoides. Its inferior surface has an oblique groove for the tendon of the peroneus longus. CUCKOO FLOWER, Cardamine pratensis. CUCKOW BREAD, Oxalis acetosella. CUCKOW PINT, Arum maculatum. CUCU'BALUS BEHEN, Pehen offrcina'rum seu vulga'ris, Sile'ne infla'ta seu crassifo'lia seu Tho'rei, Visca'go behen. This plant was once considered alexipharmic and cordial. It is the Spatling Poppy. CUCULLARIS, Trapezius. CUCULA'TUM MAJUS. A barbarous term, used by Ruland, for brandy and spirit of wine. CUCULLATA, Sanicula. CUCULLUS, Couvrechef, Cucupha, Infundi- bulum of the coehlea. CUCULUS, Coccyx, Pertussis. CUCUMBER, Cucumis sativus — c. Indian, Medeola Virginica—c Squirting or wild, Momor- dica elaterium—c Star, one-seeded, Sycios angu- latus—c. Tree, Magnolia acuminata. CUCUMER, Cucumis sativus. CUCUMIS, Penis — c. Agrestis, Momordica elaterium. Cu'cumis Colocyn'this, Citrul'lue Colocynthis. Officinal names of the Coloeynth or Fitter Appl*., Colocyn'this, Coloquinlida, Alharldal (Arab.), Ritter Gourd, Ritter Cucumber, (F.) Coloquinte. Family, Cucurbitaccas. Sex. Syst. Moncecia Monadelphia. A Turkey and Cape of Good Hope plant. The spongy part or medulla of the fruit, Colocyn'thidis Pulpa, Cucu'meris Colocyn'- thidis Pulpa, has a bitter, nauseous, and acrimo- CUCUPHA 258 CUMULUS nious taste, and is a strong cathartic, acting chiefly on the upper part of the intestines. It is scarcely ever used, except in combination. Cucumis Melo. The sytematic name of the Melon Plant, Melo, Common Melon, (F.) Melon. The fruit is an agreeable article of diet, but not very digestible, unless when ripe. The seeds possess mucilaginous properties. Cucumis Sati'vus. The systematic name of the Oil cumber plant, Cucumis, Angou'rion, Gitre'- olus, Cu'cumer or Cur'vimer, from its curved shape. (F.) Concombre ordinaire. The cucum- ber is used, when young, as a pickle, when it is called a Gherkin, (F.) Cornichon. It is not a fruit easy of digestion. The seeds are mucilaginous. Cucumis Sylvestris, Momordica elaterium. CU'CUPHA, Cu'cullus, Pi'leus, Sac'culus ce- phal'icus. A sort of coif or cap, with a double bottom, between which is enclosed a mixture of aromatic powders, having cotton for an excipient. It was formerly used as a powerful cephalic. CUCUR'BITA, d curvitate, owing to its shape. A gourd. See Cupping-glass. Cucurbita Anguria, C. citrullus. Cucur'bita Citrul'lus, C. Augu'ria seu pin- natif'ida. The systematic name of the Water- melon plant; Citrul'lus, Augu'ria, Tetraxrgu'ria, Sicilian Citrul, Water-melon. Family, Cucurbi- taceas; Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. (F.) Melon d'eau, Paxteque. The juice of the fruit is very abundant, whence its name. The Water- melon is extremely refreshing and agreeable, when made cool, and is eaten like the common melon. It is very much used in the United States. Cucurbita Leucantha, C. lagenaria. Cucur'bita Pepo, Pepo. The systematic name of the Common Pompion, Cucur'bita. The seeds of this plant, as well.as those of Cucur'bita lage- na'ria, Bottle-gourd, contain a large proportion of oil, capable of forming emulsions; but they are not used. Both the fruit of Cucur'bita Lagena'ria, C. leucan'tha, Pepo lagena'rius, (F.) Calebasses, and that of Cucur'bita Pepo, Pepo vulga'ris, (F.) Potiron, Courge, are eaten. Cucurbita Pinnatifida, C. citrullus. CUCURBITA IN, Cucurbitinus. CUCURBITATIO, Cupping. CUCURBITU, see Alembic. CUCURBITI'XUS, (F.) Cucurbitain. This name was formerly given to the Tania solium, because composed of rings which resemble the seeds of the gourd, — cucurbita. The ancients believed, that the rings, which are sometimes discharged, were so many separate worms. See Taenia. CUCURBITULA, Cupping-glass. Cucurbitula Cruenta, Cupping with the sca- rificator—c. cum Ferro, Cupping with the scari- ficator—c. Siccae, Cupping, dry. CUDWEED, Gnaphalium margaritaceum. CUILLEREE, Cochleare. CUIR, Corium. CUISSART. Aiwooden leg. See Cornu am- monis. CUISSE, Thigh,:Crus — c. Posterieure du cer- velet, Corpus restiforme. OUISSON, (F.) A smarting, burning pain. CUIVRE, Cuprum — c. Ammoniacal, Cuprum ammoniatum — c. et Ammoniaque sulfate de, Cu- prum ammoniatum—c. Limailles de, see Cuprum —c. Sous-acetate de, Cupri subacetas—c. Sulfate de, Cupri sulphas. CUIVREUX, (F.) Copper-coloured, (F.) Teint enivreitx. A copper-coloured complexion, such as is observed in cancerous affections. Syphi- litic ulcers of the throaty Ac, are often cojiper- ooloured. CUJETE, Crescentia cujete. CULBIC'IO. A Latin word, employed by old writers as synonymous with ardor urinae and gonorrhoea. CULBUTE, (F.) ' A tumble head-over-heels.' A movement which the foetus has been supposed to execute at the end of the 7th month of utero- gestation; and by means of which, it was pre- sumed, the head presented towards the orifice of the uterus; a change of situation, which is im- practicable in ordinary circumstances. CULCITA SAUNA, Halotyle. CULEON, Anus. CU'LEUS. A measure containing 20 barrels, or 40 urns, equal to 180 gallons. — Pliny, Gor- rasus. CULEX, (F.) Cousin. A genus of insects, un- happily too well known in almost every part of the world, on account of their bites, which give rise to painful, local inflammation. The gnats and musquitoes belong to this genus. CULI FLOS, Cardamine pratensis. CULILAWAN, see Laurus culilawan. CU'LINARY ART, from eulina, 'a kitchen.' Cookery, Res eulina'ria, Res coqua'ria, Ars culi- xia'ria, A. coquina'ria, Magei'rice. The art of preparing meats for the table. In judging of the dietetic properties of various kinds of aliment, the culinary process to which they have been subjected will always have to be considered. Many of the writers on the culinary art have been physicians. CULLITLAWAN, see Laurus culilawan. CULMIXATIO, Acme. CULTELLAIRE, (F.) from cultellus, a'little knife.' Le cautere cultellaire, known also under the name Couteau de feu, Fire-knife, is used for what the French term the Cautere trauscurrente. (See Cauterization.) It is shaped like a small hatchet. CULTELLUS, Culter, Knife—c Anceps, Knife, double-edged—c. Uncus, Knife, crotchet. CULTER, Cultellus, from colo, cultum, 'I cul- tivate.' A coulter, a knife, scalpel, macha'ra, mocha'rion, machm'ris. Also, the third lobe of the liver, so called from some fancied resemblance. —Theophilus Protospatarius. Culter Curvus, Knife, crooked—c. Falcatus, Knife, crooked—c Lenticularis, Knife, lenticular —c. Rectus, Knife, amputation — c Tonsorius, Razor. CULTRIV'OROUS, Cultriv'orus, from culter, 'a knife.,' and vorare, 'to devour.' Individuals, who have seemed to swallow knives with impu- nity, have been so called ;—Knife-eaters. CULUS, Anus. CULVER'S ROOT, Leptandra purpurea. CUM AM US, Piper cubeba. CUMIN, Cuminum cyminum — c. des Prls, Carum. CUMI'NUM CYMI'NUM. The systematic name of the Cummin plant, Cuminum mixiu'tum seu Roma'num, Cymi'num, Cuminum, Carnaba'- dium. Family, Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pentan- dria Digynia. (F.) Cumin, Anis aigre. The seeds of cummin, which is a native of Egypt, have a warm, bitterish, disagreeble taste. Water extracts their odour, and spirit takes up both odour and taste. They are not used, except in a plaster, which bears their name. When drunk in wine, the ancients believed they produced paleness; hence, Horaoe called cummin exsangue; and Ju- venal, pollens.—Dioscorides, Pliny. Cuminum Minutum, C. cyminum — c. Nigrum, Xigella—c. Pratense, Carum — c. Romanum, C. cyminum. CUMMIN, Cuminum cyminum. CU'-MULUS, 'a heap or pile.' A rounded pro- CUNEALIS 259 CUPRI minence, in the centre of the prollgerous disk, in which there is a small opake cavity that contains the ovum. See Tache embryonnaire. Cumulus, Germinal, Tache embryonnaire—c Germiuativus, Tache embryonnaire — c. Prolige- rus, Tache embryonnaire. CUNEA'LIS SUTU'RA. The suture formed between the great and little alas of the sphenoid bone and_ the os frontis.—Blasius. CUNEEN (F.), Cunea'nus. Relating to the cuneiform bones. Articulations Cttneennes; — the joints between the cuneiform bones, as well as between them and other parts. Ligaments Cuniennesj — the ligaments which hold the cuneiform bones together. CU'NEIFORM, Cuneifor'mis, Sphendi'des, from cuneus, 'a wedge,' and forma, 'shape.' Widge-shaped. This name has been given to several bones. 1. To the sphenoid. 2. To a bone of the carpus, situate between the os lunare and os orbiculare. It is, also, called Os Pyrami- da'le, Os Triq'uetrum, and Os Cubita'le. 3. To the basilary process of the occipital bone: and, 4. To three of the bones of the tarsus, which are distinguished, according to situation, reckoning from within outwards, into first, second, and third, —or internal, middle, and external: and accord- ing to size, reckoning in the same order, into great, small, and middle-sized. The posterior surface of these bones is united to the anterior face of the scaphoides; the anterior surface with the corresponding metatarsal bones; and, in ad- dition, the external surface of the third is articu- lated, behind, with the cuboides. They are also called Chalco'idea or Chalcoidea ossic'ula. Cuneiform Cartilages of the Larynx are two small cylinders of fibro-cartilage, about seven lines in length, and enlarged at each extremity. By the base, the cartilage is attached to the middle of the external surface of the arytenoid ; and its upper extremity forms a prominence on the border of the aryteno-epiglottidean fold of membrane. Thev are sometimes wanting. CU'NEO-CU'BOID, Cuneo-cubdideus. Belong- ing to the cuneiform bones and cuboides. Cuneo-Cuboid Articula'tion is formed by the third cuneiform bone and cuboides. It is fur- nished with a synovial capsule, and two cuneo- cuboid ligaments: — a dorsal and a plantar. CU'NEO-SCA'PHOID, Cuneo-scaphoi'des. Be- longing to the cuneiform bones and scaphoid. Cuneo-Scaphoid Articula'tion is formed by the posterior surfaces of the three ossa cuneifor- mia, and the anterior surface of the scaphoid. It is furnished with a synovial capsule and liga- ments, some of which are dorsal, others plantar. CUNILA, Satureia capitata — c. Bubula, Ori- ganum. Cuni'la Maria'na, Saturei'a organo'i'des, Ca- lamin'tha erec'ta Virginia'na, Ditt'any, American Dit'tany, Mountain Dittany, Mint-leaved Cunila, Maryland Cunila, Stonemint, Wild Pasil, Sweet Horsemint, (F.) Cunile d'Amerique, A small in- digenous herb, growing on dry, shady hills, from New England to Georgia, and flowering in June and July. Its medical properties are dependent Upon essential oil, like the mints. Cunila, Maryland, Cunila mariana—c. Mint- leaved, C. mariana—c. Muscula, Inula dysente- rica— c. Pulegioides, Hedeoma pulegioides — c. Sativa, Satureia hortensis. CUNILAGO, Inula dysenterica. CUNILE D'AMERIQUE, CuDila mariana. CUNXUS, Vulva. CUP, Seutel'la, Cotil'lxis, Patella, Excip'ula, (F.) Palette, Poelette, Pdilette, Vase d suigner. A small vessel of a determinate size, for receiving the blood during venesection. It generally con- tains about four ounces. A bleeding of two cups is, consequently, one of eight ounces. CUPIDITAS, Voluntas —c. Desedendi, Vo- luntas desedendi. CUPIDO, Appetite. Also, Cupid, the god of love, in aneient mythology;—Deus copulatio'nis. CUPOLA, see Infundibulum of the cochlea. CUPPED, see Corimn phlogisticum. CUPPING, Catacasm'us, from (F.) coxtper, 'to cut;' or to draw blood in vessels resembling cups; Applica'tio cucurbita'rum seu cucurbitula'rum, Cucurbita'tio. A species of blood-letting, per- formed by a scarificator, and glass, called a cup- ping-glass, Cucurbit'ula, Cucurb'ita, Sic'ita, (F.) Ventoxise. The lancets are placed in such a man- ner in the scarificator, that, when it is applied upon the affected part, the whole are, by means of a spring, pushed suddenly into it. After sca- rification, the cupping-glass, which has been pre- viously exhausted by heat, or by an exhausting syringe, is applied. The pressure of the air within the glass being thus diminished, the ne- cessary quantity of blood may be drawn. See Bdellometer. Dry cupping, Cucurbit'ula sicca, is the application of the glasses, without previous scarification. (F.) Ventouses seches. It is used to prevent the activity of absorption from any wounded part; occasionally, to excite suppura- tion in indolent abscesses; and to remove the pus when an abscess is opened. Cupping, taken without any epithet, means the abstraction of blood by means of the scarificator and cups:— (F.) Ventouses scarifiees, (L.) Cucurbitrtlm cru- enta, C. cum Ferro. The verb ' to cup,' signifies to draw blood by cupping. CUP-PLAXT, Silphium perforatum. CUPRESSUS, C. sempervirens-—c. Arbor vitas, Thuya occidentalis. Cupress'us Sempervi'rens, C. pyramida'lis. The systematic name of the Cupres'sus, Cyparis'- sus, Cypress, (F.) Cyprls. The berries, leaves, and wood, have been considered astringent and useful in intermittents. The whole plant abounds with a bitter, aromatic, and terebinthinate fluid. CUPRI AMMOXIO-SULPHAS, Cuprum am- moniatum—c et Ammonias sulphas, Cuprum am- moniatum—c. Diacetas, C. subacetas. Cupri Limatu'ra, Filings of Copper, (F.) Limailles de Cuivre, have been used in hydro- phobia. It has been remarked under Cuprum, that they are inert. Cupri Rubigo, Cupri subacetas. Cupri Subace'tas, C.Diace'tas, JEru'go, Ver'- digria, Hispun'icum vir'ide, Prasi'num viride, Cupri Rubigo, Crystals of Venus, Vir'ide JE'ria. JEru'co, Col'eithos, Subac"etote of Copper, (F.) Sous-acetate de Cuivre, Vert-de-gris, Crystaux de Venus, Verdet. Impure subacetate of copper. This, as usually met with, is in masses, difficult to break ; not deliquescent; foliaceous ; of a fine bluish-green colour, and salt taste. It is tonic, emetic, escharotic, and detergent; but scarcely ever employed internally. Chiefly used in de- tergent ointments. Dose, as a tonic, under J gr.: emetic, from gr. j to gr. ij. Powdered verdigris appears to be the active ingredient in Smellome's Eye-salve, which may be imitated by rubbing half a drachm of finely powdered verdi- gris with a little oil, and then mixing it with an ounce of yellow basilicon. An ointment composed of one drachm of finely powdered verdigris, with an ounce of lard or sper- maceti ointment, is used in psoriasis, tetter, Ac Cupri Sulphas, Vitriolvm Cupri, Vitriohtm Ven'eris, V. Cyp'rium, V. Cyp'rinwt, V. Caru'- CUPRUM 2 lenm, V. Roma'num, Cuprum Vitriola'tum, Lapis Caru'leus, Sulphate of Copper, Rlue Stone, Blue Vitriol, Roman Vitriol, Mortooth, (F.) Sulfate de Cuivre, is in rhomboidal, rich, blue, semi-trans- parent, efflorescing crystals. The taste is harsh, styptic, and corrosive. It is soluble in four parts of water at 60°, and is tonic, emetic, astringent, and escharotic As a tonic, it has been used in epilepsy, intermittents, Ac. Dose, as a tonic, gr. i to gr. ij, in pill; as an emetic, gr. ij to x, in water. A very weak solution is sometimes used in ophthalmia and in gleet; and it forms the basis of Bates's Aqua eamphora'ta, which has been recommended, diluted with sixteen parts of water, in the purulent ophthalmia of children. Cupri Sulphas Ammoniacalis, Cuprum am- moniatum—c Vitriolum, Cupri sulphas. CUPRUM, Chalcos, jEs, Venus of the Alchy- mists: Copper, Cyp'rium, Vir'ide moxita'num, (F.) Cuivre. Its odour is peculiar and sensible when rubbed; taste disagreeable and metallic; colour red-yellow. S. g. 7.87 ; ductile; very malleable; less hard than iron; easily oxidized. In its me- tallic state, it exerts no action on the system. When swallowed, it undergoes no deleterious change. Copper cannot be dissolved whilst tin is in the mixture, and hence the utility of tinning copper vessels. Copper culinary vessels are harm- less under ordinary cleanliness, provided the sub- stances be not suffered to remain in them till cold. The salts of copper are very deleterious. Cuprum Ammonia'tum, C. Ammoniaca'le, C. Ammonlacum, C. ammonlaco-sulphu'ricum, Am- monia'ted Copper, Ammonlacal Sulphate of Cop- per, Ammoniure'tum Cupri, Sal anti-epilep'ticus of Weissman, Sulfas Cupri ammoniaca'lis, S. ammonlaca cupra'tus, Sub-sulfas Ammo'nio-cu'- pricus, Sulfas Cupri et Ammo'nia, Deuto-Sulfas Cupri et Ammo'nia, Cupri Ammo'nio-sulphas, Ammo'nia Cupro-aulphaa, Ammo'nio-aulphate of Copper, (F.) Sulfate de cuivre et d'ammoniaque, Cuivre ammoniacal. (Cupri Sulph. 3SSJ Amnion. Carb. ^vj. Rub in a glass mortar till efferves- cence ceases. Wrap the ammoniated copper in bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat. Keep in a well-stopped glass bottle.—Ph. U. S.) A crystalline powder of a rich violet colour, and hot, styptic taste. By exposure to air, it becomes partly converted into carbonate of copper. It is tonic and astringent, and has been chiefly em- ployed in epilepsy and other obstinate spasmodic diseases. Dose, gr. i gradually increased to gr. iv, in pill. Cuprum Vitriolatum, Cupri sulphas. CU'PULAR, Cupula'ria, (F.) Cupulaire; from cupula, 'a small cup.' Of or belonging to a cupula. Cupular Cau'tery, Cautlre cupulaire, is an iron in the shape of a cupula, formerly used to cauterize the skin of the cranium in certain dis- eases, as epilepsy, chronic headach, Ac. CURA, Cura'tio, Merim'na, Merim'ne. At- tention to, or treatment or cure of, a disease. Keuchen defines Cura, 'medicine,'and Curator, 'the physician.' Curatio, also, sometimes means purification; as, Adeps suilla curata.—Scribonius Largus. Cura Avena'cea. A decoction of oats and succory roots, in which a little nitre and sugar are dissolved. Used as a refrigerant. Cura Dervativa, Derivation—c. Fumigatoria, Thymiatechny. Cora Magna. 'Great cure.' A term em- ployed, at times, for a method of treatment pre- ferable to all others. Thus ptyalism has, by many, been considered the "cura magna" for syphilis. Cuka Medeana, Transfusion — c. Palliativa, 0 CURSUS see Palliative — c. Radicalis, see Palliative — e. Revulsoria, see Derivation. CU'RABLE, Sanab'ilis, Aces'tos, Aces'mius, Iiis'imos, (F.) Guerissable. That which is suscep- tible of cure. An epithet applied to both patients and diseases. CURARE, Wourali, Woorara, Wourari, Woo- raru, Wurali, Urari, Urali, Ourary, Voorara. A very energetic vegetable poison, employed by the South American Indians to poison their ar- rows. It is said to be obtained from the bark of a species of convolvulus, called Vejuco de Mani- cure, but is referred by Martius to Strychnos Gui- anen'sis, and by Dr. Schomburg to S. toxica'na. CURA'TIO, Mede'la, Sana'tio, A'cesis, Al- thex'is, Althax'is, Therapei'a, last's, Curation, The aggregate of means employed for the cure of disease. See Therapeutics. Curatio, Cura, Cure — c. Contrariorum per Contraria, Allopathy — c. Morbi per Inediam, Limotherapeia. CU'RATIVE, San'ative, Healing, Accsopho'rus, Acesino'sus. Relating to the cure of a disease. Curative Indications are those which point out the treatment to be employed. Curative Treat- ment, that employed in the cure of disease, in opposition to preservative or prophylactic treat- ment. We say, also, Curative Process, Curative Means, Ac CURATOR INFIRMORUM, Infirmier. CURCULIO, Penis. CURCUMA ANGUSTIFOLIA, see Arrow- root—c. Aromatica, Kaempferia rotunda. Cur'cuma Longa, Cur'cuma, Amo'mum Cur'- cuma, Rorri, Por'riberri, Cobex-'ri, (Hindoostan,) Crocus In'dicus, Terra Mer'ita, Cannae'orus ra- di'ce cro'ceo; Family, Amomeas; Sex. Syst. Monandria Monogynia; May el'la, Kua Kaha, Cype'rus In'dicus, xvirtipog Ivlixog of Dioscorides (?), Turmeric, (F.) Racine de Safran, Safran des Indes, Souchet des Indes. Turmeric root—the rhizoma of curcuma longa—is brought from the East Indies; but is possessed of very little, if any, medicinal efficacy. It is one of the ingre^ dients in Curry Powder. Curcuma Zedoaria, see Kaempferia rotunda— c Zerumbet, see Kaempferia rotunda. CURD, ALUM, Coagulum aluminosum. CURDS, Curds of Milk, (F.) Caille, Lait cailU. The coagulated part of milk. CURE; from cura, 'care.' Aces'ia, A'cesis, Aces'mus, Cura'tio, C. felix, Sana'tio, San'itas, (F.) Guerison. A restoration to health; also, a remedy; a restorative. CURE-ALL, Geum Virginianum, Oenothera biennis. CUREDENT, Dentiscalpium. CURE DU RAISIN, Grape-cure. CURE-LANGUE, (F.) Lingua scalpium, Tongue-scraper. An instrument of ivory, tor- toise-shell, Ac, shaped like a knife or rasp, for removing the mucous coating which covers the tongue after sleep, Ac. CURE-OREILLE, Ear-pick. CURETTE, Scoop. CURMI, Courmi. CURRANT, BLACK, Ribes nigrum—c. Red, Ribes rubrum. CURRANTS, see Vitis Corinthiaca. CURRY or CURRIE POWDER. A condi- ment, formed of various spices, and eaten with rice, particularly in India. The following is one of the forms of its preparation: Sem. coriand. §xviii, pip. nigr. B;ij, cay en. ^j, rod. curcuma, sem. cumini, aix ,^iij, sem. fcenugr. ,^iv: mix. CURSUMA H.EMORRHOIDALIS HERBA, Ranunculus ficaria. CURVAMEN 261 CUTANEOUS CURSUS, Running—c. Matricis, Leucorrhoea c. Menstruus, Menses. CURVAMEN, Curvature. CURVATEUR DU COCCYX, Curvator Coc- cygis. CURVATIO, Campsis. CURVA'TOR COCCY'GIS, (F.) Curvateur du Coccyx. Sommering gives this name to a small bundle of fleshy fibres, which descends on the middle of the coccyx, uniting on each side with the isehio-coccygei muscles. It is a part of those muscles. CUR'VATURE, Curvatu'ra, Curva'men, Flex- u'ra, Gnarnp'eis, from curvus, 'crooked;' Cyrto'- ma, (F.) Courbure. The condition of a line or surface, which approximates more or less to the form of an arc; as the curvatures of the spine, duodenum, stomach, Ac. Accidental curvatures of bones are the effect of rickets, or Mollitiea ossium. The Greeks called the curvature of the spine, 'v@og, o-xoXiog, and Xop&og, according as the deviation was backwards, laterally, or forwards. CURVE OF CARUS, see Pelvis. CURVED LINES, (F.) Courbes Lignes. Two crooked lines or projections on the posterior sur- face of the occipital bone. They are distinguished into superior and inferior. Some lines on the os innominatum are also so called. CURVIMER, Oucumis sativus. CUSCO-CINCHONIA, Aricina. CUSCUTA, C. Europasa. Cuscuta Chlorocarpa, see C. Glomerata. Cuscu'ta Epith'ymum, C. minor. The system- atic name of the Dodder of Thyme. Epith'ymum, Epith'ymum Cuscu'ta seu Gre'ticum. A parasiti- cal plant, possessed of a strong, disagreeable smell, and a pungent taste, very durable in the mouth. It was once used as a cathartic in me- lancholia. Cuscuta Europa'a seu major seu vulga'ris seu tetran'dra seu filiform'is, Cuscu'ta, Epith'ymum officiria'rum, was conceived to possess similar properties. Cuscuta Filiformis, C Europasa. Cus'cuta Glomera'ta, and Cuscuta Chloro- carpa, Dodder, Amer'ican Dodder, indigenous plants, are bitterish, subastringent, tonic, and anti-periodic. Cuscuta Major, C. Europasa—c. Minor, C. Epithymum—c. Tetrandra, C. Europasa—c. Vul- garis, C. Europasa. CUSPARIA BARK, see C. Febrifuge—c. Bark, False, Brueea antidysenterica, and Strychnos nux vomica. Cuspa'ria Febrif'uga, Ponplan'dia trifo- lia'ta seu angustu'ra, Angustu'ra, Galipa'a fe- brifuga. Order, Rutaceas. The South American tree, which furnishes the Cuspa'ria or Angustura Bark, (F.) Angusture vraie, Quinquina faux de Virginie. According to Dr. Hancock, however, the Angustura bark is derived from Galipa'a officinalis, Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia, Nat. Ord. Diosmeas ; and this view has been adopted in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. Its odour is peculiar; taste intensely bitter and slightly aromatic; pieces thin; externally, gray and wrinkled ; internally, yellowish-fawn; frac- ture, short and resinous. It yields its virtues to water and to proof spirit. It is tonic, stimulant, and aromatic. Dose, gr. vto xx or more, in powder. CUSPIS. A spear. This name has been given to the glans penis. — Rolfink. It meant, also, a kind of bandage. CUSTODIA VIRGINITATIS, Hymen. CUSTOS, Vulva. CUT, from (F.) couteau, 'a knife,' or from West Gothic, koto, 'to cut;' or from xoirria, 'I cut.' Casu'ra, Tome, Incis'io, Vulnua simplex, Tresis vulnua simplex, Cope, (F.) Coupure. A common expression for the division or solution of continuity made by a sharp instrument. CUTAM'BULUS, from cutis, 'skin,' and am- bulo,' I walk.' ' Walking in the skin.' An epithet given to certain parasitical animals, which creep under the skin; such as the Guinea-worm; and to certain pains felt between the skin and flesh, as it were. CUTANEAL, Cutaneous. CUTANEO-SOURCILIER, Corrugator su- percilii. CUTA'NEOUS, Cuta'neal, Cuta'neus, (F.) Cu- tane, from cutis, 'the skin.' Belonging to the skin. Cutaneous Diseases, Eruptions, Epiphy'- mata, are the numerous affections of a morbid character to which the skin is liable,—Dermato- pathi'a, Dermato'ses. <■ Chronic cutaneous diseases may be thus classified: f Urticaria. 1. Exanthematous i Roseola. ( Erythema. f Pemphigus. 2. Vesicular...... *uPia- Herpes. - [ Eczema. f Impetigo. 3. Pustular......-] Ecthyma. .. { Scabies. (?) f Lichen. 4. Papular.......} Strophulus. - ( Prurigo. $ f Lepra. 1 5. Squamous.....i Psoriasis. ( Pityriasis. f Acne. | Sycosis. 6. Folliculous .... -j Ichthyosis. Trichosis. Favus. Cutaneous Exhalation and Absorption are those which take place from the .skin. Cutaneous, Middle Posterior, see Sciatic nerve, lesser. Cutaneous Nerves, Cutaneal Nerves, so called, of the upper extremity, are two in num- ber. They are given off from the brachial plexus. The internal cutaneous, Cubito-cutane, (Ch.,) de- scends along the inner part of the arm, and di- vides above the elbow into two branches; the outermost of which follows the outer edge of the biceps, and spreads over the anterior and inner part of the forearm; and the innermost accom- panies the basilic vein, passing to the correspond- ing side of the hand and little finger. The exter- nal cutaneous, Radio-cutane (Ch.,) Mus'culo-Cu- ta'neus, Perforans Casse'rii, passes outwards, perforates the coraco-brachialis; descends along the anterior and outer part of the arm; passes as far as the middle fold of the elbow under the median cephalic; and descends along the ante- rior and outer edge of the forearm. At some distance above the wrist, it divides into two branches; an outer, which is distributed on the back of the hand, the thumb and index finger; and an inner, .which descends on the muscles of the thumb into the palm of the hand, and divides into fine filaments, which may be traced to the fingers. Cutaneous nerves, Middle cutaneous, two in number, are branches of the crural or femoral nerve. They are distributed to the integument of the middle and lower part of the thigh and of the knee. Nervus Cutaneus Minor, Lesser internal cuta neous nerve, Nerve of Wrisberg, takes its origin from the axillary plexus, but is more particu- larly connected with the ulnar nerve. It soon separates from the ulnar, running afterwards be- tween it and the inner side of the arm. A little CUTCH 262 CYCLUS below the axilla it divides into two branches, which are distributed to the arm. Chaussier calls the cephalic and basilic veins the Radial and Cubital Cutaneous. CUTCH, Catechu. CUTI, Catechu. CUTICULA, Epidermis. CUTIO, Oniscus. CUTIS, Pellis, Fella, Co'rium, Derma, Deris, Anthro'pe, Anthro'pen, Skin, (F.) Peau. A dense, resisting membrane, of a flexible and extensible nature, which forms the general envelope of the body; and is continuous with the mucous mem- branes, through the different natural apertures. It is generally considered to be formed of three distinct layers—the epidermis, rete or more pro- perly corpus mucosum, and corium. Some anato- mists, however, separate it into several others. Its outer surface is covered by a number of small eminences, called papillae, which are generally regarded as essentially nervous and vascular. The skin is our medium of communication with external bodies. It protects the subjacent parts; is the seat of touch, and through it are exhaled the watery parts of the blood, which are not needed in the nutrition of the body. The state of the skin, as regards heat and dryness, affords useful information in pathological investiga- tions. Its colour, too, requires attention: the paleness of disease is as characteristic as the rosy complexion of health. The colour of the skin varies according to the age, sex, Ac As a general rule, it is finer in the female and child than in the male and adult. In old age it be- comes light-coloured, thin, and dry. It likewise varies according to the races, Ac. Cutis Anserina, Horrida cutis — c. Carnosa, Panniculus carnosus—c Extima, Epidermis — c. Linguae, see Tongue — c. Suilla, Couenne — c. Summa, Epidermis—c. Tensa Chronica, Indura- tion of the cellular tissue—c. Ultima, Epidermis. CUTITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflammation. CUTTING OX THE GRIPE, see Lithotomy. CUTTLE FISH, Sepia. CUTTUBUTH, Cutubuth, Leucomo'ria, Me- lancholia errabund'a. The Arabian physicians gave this name to a species of melancholy, ac- companied with so much agitation, that the pa- tients cannot remain tranquil for the space of an hour. CUURDO CANELLA, Laurus cinnamomum. CYANODERMIA, Cyanopathy. CYAX'OGEN, (F.) Cyonoglne; from xvavog, 'blue,' and ytvvaor, 'I generate.' So called from its being an ingredient in Prussian blue. It forms, with oxygen, the cyanic and other acids; with hydrogen, the hydrocyanic acid. CYANOP'ATHY, Cyanopathi'a, Cyano'sis, C. cardi'aca,Cyanoder'mia,Acleitro-cardia (Piorry), Hamato-cyano'sis, Kyano'sis, Morbus earu'leus, Carulo'sis neonato'rum, from xvavog, 'blue,' and iraSog, 'affection.' (F.) Cyanose, Maladie bleu, Ictere bleu. A disease in which the surface of the body is coloured blue. It is often symptom- atic, and commonly depends on a direct com- munication between the cavities of the right and left side of the heart. Such communication does not, however, always occasion the blue dis- ease, but it is generally thought that the disease never exists without this state of parts ; or with- out some obstacle to the circulation in the right side of the heart. The blueness does not seem to be owing to the admixture of black and red blood. A child affected with blueness is said to be cyanosed, (F.) Cyanose. CYANOSE, Cyanosis. CYANOSE, see Cyanosis, CYANOSIS, Cyanopathy—c. Pulmonalis, Ate- lectasis pulmonum, CYANURETUM FERRO-ZINCICUM, Zinci ferro-hydrocyanas. CYAXUS, Centaurea cyanus — c. JEgyptiacus, Nymphaea nelumbo. Cy'anus Seg"etum, Bluebottle, (F.) Bluet dee Moissous, Barbeau, Aubifoin, Casse- Lunettes. The flowers of this European plant, when dis- tilled with water, have been used in ophthalmia. CYAR, xvap. 'The eye of a needle,' 'a small hole.' The Meatus audito'rius internus. See Auditory canal, (internal.) CYATHIS'CUS, diminutive of KvaSog, 'a bowl.' The concave part of a sound, made like a small spoon, as in the case of the ear-pick. CY'ATHUS, 'a bowl.' A measure, both of the liquid and dry kind, equal to about an ounce and a half, or to the tenth part of a pint. According to Pliny and Galen, about 10 drachms. Cyathus Cerebri, Infundibulum of the brain. CYBE, Head. CYBITON, Cubitus. CYBOIDES, Cuboid. CYCAS CIRCINALIS, see Sago—c Revoluta, see Sajro. CYC'EON, from xvxaw, 'I mix together.' The ancient name of a medicine of the consistence of pap, composed of wine, water, honey, flour, barley meal, and cheese.—Hippocrates. CYCLAMEN EUROPiE'UM, Arthani'ta, A. cyc'lamen, Cyclam'inus, Cyssan'themon, Oysso- phyllon, Panis porci'nus, Cas'arnum, Chyli'ne, ' sow-bread.' Fam. Primulaceae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. (F.) Pain du Porceau. The fresh root is said to be acrid, bitter, drastic, and anthelmintic. Dose, £}. For external use, see Arthanita. CYCLE, Cyclus, from xvxXog, 'a circle.' A period or revolution of a certain number of years or days. The Methodists gave this name to an aggregate of curative means, continued during a certain number of days. Nine was the usual number. Cycle, Hebdom'adal or Heptal. A period of seven days or years, which, according to some, either in its multiple or submultiple, governs an immense number of phenomena of animal life. CYCLISCUS, Cyclismus. CYCLIS'MUS. A Troch, Troehis'cus. The name, as well as Cyclis'cus, was also given to a circular kind of rasp. They have the same ety- mon as cycle. CYCLOCEPH'ALUS, from KvxXog, 'a circle,' and xcipaXn, 'head.' A monster whose eyes are in contact, or united in one. CYCLOPHOR'IA, from KvKXog, ' a circle,'and ijrtpia, ' I bear.' The circulation of the blood or other fluids. CYCLO'PIA. Same etymon as Cyclops. State of a monster that has both eyes united into one. Called, also, Monops'ia and Rhinencephalia. Cyclopia Genistoi'des ; Nat. Ord. Legumi- nosas. A South African plant, the decoction and infusion of which are used as expectorants in chronic bronchitis and in phthisis. CYCLOPS, KvxXioxp, from xvxXog, ' an orb or circle,' and wxp, 'an eye.' Monoc'ulns, Monops, Monophthalmus, Monom'matus, Unioc'tilus, Unoc'- ulus. A monster having but one eye, and that placed in the middle of the forehead, like the fabulous Cyclops. CYCLOTOME, Cyclot'omus, from xvxXog, 'a circle,' and rtpvtiv, 'to cut.' An instrument, com- posed of a ring of gold and a cutting blade, by means of which the ball of the eye can be fixed, whilst the cornea is cut. It was invented by a surgeon of Bordeaux, named Guerin, for extract- ing the cataract. It is not used. CYCLUS, Circulus. CYDONIA 263 CYNANCHE CYDONIA, Pyrus cydonia — c. Maliformis, Pyrus cydonia—c Vulgaris, Pyrus cydonia. CIDUXIA'TUM, Cydona'tum, Dyacydonites. A composition of the Cydonia mala or quinces, with the addition of spices.—Paulus of ^Egina. CYDONIUM MALUM, see Pyrus cydonia. CYE'MA, xvnpa, from xvu>, 'I conceive.' Con- ception. Likewise the product of conception. See Embryo and Foetus. CYESlOGXO'MOX, from xonoig, 'pregnancy,' and yvwpiav, 'a sign, a token.' A sign of pregnancy. CYESIOGXO'ISIS, from xvno-tg, 'pregnancy,' and yvuiotg, 'knowledge.' Diagnosis of pregnancy. CYESIOL'OGY, Cyesiolog" ia, from xvi/mg, •pregnancy,' and Xoyog, 'a description.' The doctrine of gestation. CYESIS, Conception, Fecundation, Pregnancy. CYESTEIXE, Kiesteine. CYLICH'XH, Oylichnis. A pill-box or earth- enware pot, or small cup; from xvXi!;, 'a cup.'— Galen, Foesius. CYLINDRI, see Villous membranes—c. Mem- branacei renum, see Calix. CYL'INDROID, GylindroVdes, from xvXivhiog, 'cylinder,' and tdog, 'form.' Having the form of a cylinder. Chaussier calls the Cornu Ammo- nis, Protuberance cylindro'ide. CYLINDROIDES, Teres. CYLLOEPUS, see Kvllosis. CYLLOPODA, see Kvllosis. CYLLOPODION, see'Kyllosis. CYLLO'SIS, xuXXuctg. Lameness, mutilation, or vicious conformation. — Hippocrates, Galen. See Kvllosis. CYLLOSMUS; from xvXXot, 'crooked.' A malformation by defect, in which the fissure and eventration are lateral, chiefly in the lower part of the abdomen, the inferior extremity of the side affected with the fissure absent, or very little de- veloped.—Vogel. CYMATO'DES, Undo'sus, from xvpa, 'a wave,' and tiSog, ' resemblance.' The vacillating, undu- latory character of the pulse in weak individuals. CYMBA, Vulva. CYMBALARIA ELATINE, Antirhinum ela- tine—c. Muralis, Antirhinum linaria. CYMBALARIS, Cricoid. CYMBIFORME OS, Scaphoid bone. CYMBOPOGON SCHCENANTHUS, Juncus odoratus. CYMINUM. Cuminum cyminum. CYXAN'CHE, Angi'na, from xvoiv, 'a dog,' and ayx&, 'I suffocate'(?), Sore Throat, Para- cynan'che, Synan'che, Prunella, Squinan'ihia, Empres'ma Paristhmi'tis, Cauma Paristhmi'tis, Isthmitis, Paristhmi'tis, Inflammatio Fau'cium, 'Dog ehoak.' Inflammation of the supradia- phragmatic portion of the alimentary canal, and of the lining membrane of the upper part of the air-passages :—(F.) Angine, Esquinancie, Mal de Gorge, Synancie, Squinancie, Kinancie. It com- prises the following chief varieties. Cynanche Epidemica, Cynanche maligna—c. Externa, C. Parotidaea—c. Faucium, C. tonsillaris —c. Gangraenosa, Cynanche maligna—c. Laryn- gea, Laryngitis. Cynanche Malig'na, C. gangrano'sa, Angi'na uleero'sa, Febris epidem'ica cum Angi'nd, Em- pres'ma Paristhmi'tis Malig'na, Tonsilla'rum gan- gra'na, Tonsilla pestilen'tes, Cynanche epidem'- ica, C. pur'puro-parotida'a, Cynanche ulcero'aa, Epidem'ica gutturia lues, Pestilens fau'cium affec'- tus, Padan'ehone (?), Gangrana Tonsilla'rum, Ulcus Syriacum, Garrotillo, Garbun'culna angi- no'sus, Angina ulcusculo'sa, A. epidem'ica, A. gangrano'sa, A. malig'na, A. fau'cium malig'na, Isthmoty'phus, Putrid, Ulcerous Sore Throat, Gangrenous Inflammation of the Pharynx, (F.) Angine gangreneuse, A. Maligne. It is charac- terized by crimson redness of the mucous mem- brane of the fauces and tonsils ; ulcerations, co- vered with mucus, and spreading sloughs, of an ash or whitish hue; the accompanying fever ty- phus. It is often epidemic, and generally conta- gious; and is frequently found accompanying scarlet fever,—giving rise to the variety, Scarla- tina maligna. Cynanche maligna has been made to include both diphtheritic and gangrenous pha- ryngitis. See Pharyngitis, diphtheritic. The general treatment is the same as in typhus; and stimulant antiseptic gargles must be used, consisting, for example, of the decoction of bark and muriatic acid. Cynanche Maxillaris, c. Parotidaea—c. CEso- phagea, Oesophagitis. Cynanche Parotida'a, Empres'ma Parotitis, Parotitis, P. epidem'ica, P. erysipelato'sa, P. contagio'sa, P. spu'ria, P. sero'so-glu'tine tu'mens, Parolia, Parotiditis, Cynan'che Parotides, C. exter'na, Angina maxilla'ris, Gissa, Angina ex- terna, Angi'na parotida'a exter'na, Erythrochce'- ras, Cynan'che maxilla'ris, Genyocynan'che, Gna- thocynan'che, In flam ma'tio paro'tidum, Infla'tio paro'tidum, Catar'rhus Rellinsula'nxts, Braxrks (Scotch), Mumps, (F.) Inflammation de la Paro- tide, Oreillorrs, Ouxlea. The characteristic symp- toms are :—a painful tumour of the parotid jj-land, or of the cellular tissue surrounding it, or of both, not of the suppurative kind; frequently extend- ing to the maxillary gland. It is very conspicu- ous externally, and is often accompanied with swelling of the testes in the male, and of the mammae in the female; the testes being some- times absorbed afterwards. It is generally epi- demic, and apparently contagious. (?) The treat- ment is very simple; the adoption merely of the antiphlogistic plan, under which it usually soon disappears. When inflammation of the mammas or testes supervenes, it must be treated as if idio- pathic. Epidem'ic Paroti'tia or Mumps is also termed Poroti'tis polymor'pha, P. epidem'ica, P. spe- cif'ica. Cynanche Pharynge'a, Empx-es'ma Paris- thmi'tis Pharyngea, Isthmi'tis, Pharyngitis, In- flamma'tio Pharyn'gis, Parasynan'che, Angina inflammatoria, Sp. iv. — (Boerhaave.) (F.) An- gine Pharyngee, Catarrhe pharyngien. Inflam- mation of the pharynx. This disease can hardly be said to differ, in pathology or treatment, from Cynanche tonsil- laris. The same may be remarked of the Cynan- che CEsophagc'a, Oesophagitis. Cynanche Prunella, C. Tonsillaris — c. Pur- puro-parotidasa, Cynanche maligna—c. Simplex, Isthmitis—c Stridula, C. trachealis. Cynanche Tonsillaris, Emprcsma Paris- thmi'tis Tonsilla'ris, Syrian''che, Cynan'che fau- cium Amygdalitis, Brand, Bronchi, Hyon'ehe, Tonsillitis, Cynanche Prunella, Parrsth'rnia, Paristhmi'tis, Dyspha'gia inflammato' rio, Anti- adi'tis, Angina inflammato'ria, A. cum tumo'ri, A. tonsilla'ria, A. Synocho'lia, A. Sanguin'ea, A. vera et legit'ima, In/lamma'tio Tonsilla'rum, An- tiadorl eus infiommato'rius, Inflammatory Sore Throat, Common Squinancy, Squinsy or Quinsy, (F.) Amygdalite, Inflammation des Amygdales, Angine tonaillaire, Pharyngite tonsillaire, Esqxii- naxicie, Squinancie, Cato.rrhe guttural, Angine gut- turale inflammatoire. The characteristic symp- toms of this affection are, swelling and florid redness of the mucous membrane of the fauces, and especially of the tonsils ; painful and im- peded deglutition, accompanied with inflamma- tory fever. It is generally ascribed to coli, and is one of the most common affections of cold and CYNANCHICA 264 CYOTROPnY temperate climates. It usually goes off by reso- lution, but frequently ends in suppuration. Common sore throat is an affection of no con- sequence. It requires merely rest, and the ob- servance of the antiphlogistic regimen. When more violent, — in addition to this, — bleeding, local or general, or both,—purgatives, inhalation of the steam of warm water; acid, or emollient gargles; rubefacients externally, or sinapisms or blisters. When suppuration must inevitably occur, the continued use of the inhaler must be advised, and an opening be made into the abscess as soon as pus shall have formed. If the patient be likely to be suffocated by the tumefaction, bronchotomy may be necessary. Cynanche Trachea'lis ; the Cynanche laryn- ge'a of some, Suffoea'tio strid'ula, Angina perxii- cio'sa, Asthma infan'tum, Cynanche strid'ula, Ca- tar'rhus suffocatlvus Barbaderlsis, Angina poly- po'sa sive membrana'cea sive pulpo'sa, Empres'- ma Bronchitis, E. Bronchlemrni''tis, Angina in- flammato'ria, A. suffocato'ria, A. strepito'sa, Angina canina, A. exsudato'ria, Laryngitis et Tracheitis infan'tilis, Laryngos'tasis seu Lo- ryngo-traehei'tis, Laryngo-tracheitis with diph- therit'ic exuda'tion, Laryngoc'ace, Orthopnce'a ey- nan'chica, Cynanchorthopnce'a, Pmdanchone(f), A. Trachea'lis, Morbus Strangulato' rius, Tracki'- tis, Tracheitis, Trachelitis, Diphtheri'tis trache- a'lis, Expectora'tio Sol'ido, Cauma Bronchi'tis, Croup, Roup, Hires, Choak, Stuffing, Rising of the lights, (F.) Angine laryngee et tracheale, La- ryngite avec production de fausses membranes, La- ryngite pseudo-membraneuse. A disease charac- terized by sonorous and suffocative breathing; harsh voice; cough, ringing, or like the barking of a dog; fever, highly inflammatory. It is apt to be speedily attended with the formation of a false membrane, which lines the trachea beneath the glottis, and occasions violent dyspnoea and suffocation, but is sometimes expectorated. The dyspnoea, as in all other affections of the air- passages, has evident exacerbations. It differs in its character in different situations; beipg in- finitely more inflammatory in some places than in others, and hence the success obtained by dif- ferent modes of treatment. It chiefly affects children, and is apt to recur, but the subsequent attacks are usually less and less severe. As a general rule, it requires the most ac- tive treatment; bleeding from the arm or neck, so as to induee paleness; leeches applied to the neck, Ac, according to the age,—the warm bath, blisters to the neck or chest, and purgatives. Formidable as the disease may be, if this plan be followed early, it will generally be successful. Many specifics have been recommended, but the search has been idle and fruitless. The majority of cases of what are called croup are not of this inflammatory cast; but are more of a spasmodic character, and have been termed by the French faux croups, and with us are occa- sionally termed spasmodic croup. They generally yield to an emetic and the warm bath. Cynanche Trachealis Spasmodica, Asthma acutum, A. Thymicum — c. Ulcerosa, Cynanche maligna. CYNAN'CHICA. Medicines used in cases of quinsy were formerly so called. CYANCHORTHOPNCBA, Cynanche tra- chealis. CYNAN'CHUM. Same etymon. A genus of plants, Nat. Ord. Asclepiadaceae, of which the following are used in medicine. Cynanchum Argel, *j. oleaefolium—c. Ipeca- cuanha, Asclepias asthmatica. Cynanchum Monspeliacum, Scam'mony of Montpellier. The plant furnishes a blackish kind of gum-resin, which is purgative, and but littl. used. Cynanchum Oleafo'lium, C. argel, Soleno stem'ma argel, Argel. An Egyptian, Nubian ana Arabian shrub, the leaves of which form a por- tion of most samples of Alexandrian senna. They resemble senna in their action. Cynanchum Vincetoxicum, Asclepias vince- toxicum. Cynanchum Vomito'rium, Ipecacuan'ha of the Isle of France. As its name imports, this plant resembles ipecacuanha in properties. It is emetic, in the dose of from 12 to 24 grains of the powder. CYNANTHEMIS, Anthemis cotula. CYNANTHRO'PIA, from kvoxv, 'dog,' and avSpwirog, 'man.' A variety of melancholia, in which the patient believes himself changed into a dog; and imitates the voice and habits of that animal. CYN'ARA, C. Scolymus, Cin'ora scolymus. The systematic name of the Ar'tichoke, Alcoc'- alum, Articoe'alus, Artiscoc'cus Imvis, Costus ni- gra, Car'duus sativus non spino'sus, Cinara hor- ten'sis, Scolymus sati'vxts, Car'duus sativus, Car- dials domeslicus cap'ite majo're, Carduxts al'tilis, (F.) Ax-tichaut. Family, Carduaceas. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia asqualis. Indigenous in the southern parts of Europe. Much used as an agreeable article of diet. The juice of the leaves, mixed with white wine, has been given in dropsies. CYN'ICUS, Cyno'des, from xvwv, 'a dog.' Cynic. Relating to, or resembling a dog. Cynic spasm is a convulsive contraction of the muscles of one side of the face,—dragging the eye, cheek, mouth, nose, Ac, to one side. See Canine. CYNIPS QUERCUS FOLII, see Quercus in- fectoria. CYNOCOPRUS, Album grascum. CYNOCRAMBE, Mercurialis perennis. CYNOCTONON, Aconitum. CYNOCYTISUS, Rosa canina. CYNODECTOS, from xvurv, 'a dog,' and h,K», ' I bite.' One who has been bitten by a dog,—. Dioscorides. CYNODES, Cynicus. CYNODESMION, Frasnum penis. • CYNODESMUS, Frasnum penis. CYNODONTES, Canine teeth. CYNOGLOS'SUM, from xvwv, 'a dog,' and yXurooa, ' a tongue.' Cynoglos'sum officinale seu blcolor, Lingua Cani'na, Hoxmd's tongue, Cabal- la'tion, (F.) Langne de Chien. Family, Boragi- neas. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. It is aromatic and mucilaginous, and has been sup- posed to be possessed of narcotic properties. CY'NOLOPHOI, Spinous processes of the ver- CYNOLYSSA, Hydrophobia. CYNOMETRA AGALLOCHUM, Agallochum. CYNOMOIA, Plantago psyllium. CYXOMO'RIUM COCCIN'EUM, from xvorv, 'a dog,' and porpiov, 'the penis.' (F.) Champignon de Malte. Improperly called Fungus Meliten'sis, or Fungus of Malta, as it is not a fungus. The powder has been given as an astringent in he- morrhage, dysentery, Ac. CYNOREXIA, Boulimia. CYrNORRHODON, Rosa canina. CYNOSBATOS, Rosa canina. CYNOSORCHIS. Orchis mascula. CYNOSPASTUM, Rosa canina. CY"ON, xvuxv. The word sometimes signifies the frasnum of the prepuce; at others, the penis. CYOPHORIA, Pregnancy. CYOT'ROPHY, Cyotroph'ia, Embryot'rophy, Embryotroph'ia, from xvog, ' embryo,' and rpoiptiv, 'to nourish.' Nutrition of the embryo. Foetal nutrition. CYPARISSUS 265 CYSTIDORRHEXIS CYPARISSUS, Cupressus sempervirens. CYPERUS AXTIQUORUM, Lawsonia iner- mis—c. Indicus, Curcuma longa. Cype'rus Longus, C. Roma'nua, from xvirapog, 'a round vessel,' which its roots have been said to resemble. Galangale, (F.) Souchet odorant. It possesses aromatic and bitter properties, but is not used. See, also, Dorstenia contrayerva. Cyperus Odorus, Dorstenia contrayerva — c. Peruanus, Dorstenia contrayerva — c. Romanus, C. longus. Cyperus Rotun'dus, C. tetras'tachys, the Round Cype'rus, (F.) Souchet rond. It is a more grate- fully aromatic bitter than the C. longus. Cyperus Tetrastachys, C. rotundus. CYPHO'MA, Cyphos, Cypho'sis, Cyrto'ma, Cyr- to'sis, Opisthocypho'sis, from Kvipog, ' gibbous.' Gibbosity of the spine. See Vertebral Column, Ac. Cyrtoaia forms a genus in the order Dys- thet'ica, and class Hmmalica of Good, and is de- fined : ' head bulky, especially anteriorly; stature short and incurvated; flesh flabby, tabid, and wrinkled.' It includes Cretinism, and Rickets. CY'PHOSIS, Gibbositas, see Hump, and Ky- phosis. v CYPRES, Cupressus sempervirens. CYPRESS, Cupressus sempervirens—e. Tree, Liriodendron. CYP'RIXUM O'LEUM, Oil of Cypress; pre- pared of olive oil, cypress flowers, calamus, myrrh, cardamom, inula, bitumen of Judaea, Ac. It was formerly employed in certain diseases of the uterus, pleurisies, Ac, and was regarded to be both stimulant and emollient. CYPRIPE'DIUM ACAU'LE, Stemless Ladies' Slipper; Moccasin Flower; indigenous; flowers in May and June. The roots are used by steam- doctors in nervous diseases, like valerian. Cypripedium Calceolus, C. Luteum—c. Fla- vescens, C. Luteum. - Cypripe'dium Lu'teum, C. Calce'olus, C. Fla- ves'cens, C. Pubes'cens, C. Parviflo'rum, Yellow ladies' slipjyer, Moc'casin flower, Yellows, Eleed- ing heart, Amer'ican vale'rian, Yellow urnbil, male Mervine, Noah's ark, (F.) Sabot de Venus jaune. An indigenous plant, Nat. Order, Orchidaceas, which is found all over the United States; blos- soming in May and June. The root is considered to be antispasmodic, and is used in the same cases as valerian. Cypripedium Parviflorum, C. Luteum — c. Pubescens, C. Luteum. Cypripedium Spectab'ile, Showy ladies' slip- per, is the most beautiful of the genus. CYPRIUM, Cuprum. CYPSELE, Cerumen. CYRCEOX", Anus. CYRTOIDES, Cuboid. CYRTOMA, Curvature, Cyphoma. CYRTOXOSOS, Rachitis. CYSSANTHEMOXT, Cyclamen. CYSSARUS, Anus, Rectum. CYSSOPHYLLON, Cyclamen. CYS'SOTIS, from xvoog, ' the anus.' The lower part of the rectum : tenesmus. CYST, Kyst. CYSTAL'GIA, Cystidal'gia, from xvtrrig, 'the bladder,' and aXyog, ' pain.' Pain in the bladder. CYSTANENCEPHA'LIA, fromxvang, 'a blad- der,' and anencepha'lia, ' absence of brain.' A monstrosity, in which, in place of a brain, a bladder is found filled with fluid.—G. St. Hilaire. CYSTA\JCKE'SOTOM'IA,Cystotrachelotom'ia, Cystidotrachelotom'ia, from xvang, 'a bladder,' avxiv, 'the neck,' and ropn, 'incision.' An inci- sion into the neck of the bladder. See Lithotomy. CYST A\JX.'E, Hypertroph' ia vesica urina'ria, Callos'itas vesica; from xvong, ' bladder,' and av^n, 'increase.' Hypertrophy of the coats of the urinary bladder.—Fuchs. See Cysthypersax- cosis. CYSTECTASY, Lithectasy. CYSTENCEPH'ALUS, from xvang, 'bladder,' and xtipaXn, 'head.' A monster having a head with a vesicular brain.—G. St. Hilaire. CYSTEOL'ITHOS, from xvang, 'the bladder/ and Xidog, ' a stone.' Stone in the bladder. Also, a medicine, employed to dissolve or break stone. CYSTERETHIS'MUS, Vesica Irritabilitas ; from Kvcng, 'the bladder,' and tpiOifa, 'I irritate.' Irritability of the bladder. CYSTHEPAT'ICUS,h-omxvcng, 'thebladder/ and 'nirap, 'the liver.' Belonging to the gall- bladder and liver. This name was given, for- merly, to imaginary excretory ducts for the bile, which were supposed to pass directly from the liver to the gall-bladder. CYSTHEPATOLITHI'ASIS,(7ysh'tfeparoftW- asis, Cholelith'ia, Cholelithlasis, from xvang, 'the bladder/ 'nrrap, 'the liver/ and Xi&iaatg, 'pain caused by a calculus.' The aggregate of pheno- mena caused by the presence of biliary calculi. See Calculi, biliary. CYSTHITIS, Kysthitis. CYSTHUS, Anus. CYSTHYPERSARCO'SIS, from Kvcng, 'blad- der/ 'virtp, 'over/ and oapxwotg, 'a fleshy growth;' Excrescen'tia Vesica urina'ria. A fleshy thick- ening of the coats of the bladder. CYrSTIC, Cys'ticus, from xvang, ' a bladder.' Belonging to the gall-bladder. Cystic Artery, Arte'ria Cys'tica, is given off from the right branch of the hepatic, and divides into two branches, which proceed to the gall- bladder. It is accompanied by two cystic veins, which open into the vena porta abdominalis. Cystic Bile. Bile contained in the gall- bladder. Cystic Calculi. Calculi formed in the gall- bladder. Cystic Duct, Ductus cys'ticus, Mea'tus cys'ti- cus. The duct proceeding from the gall-bladder, which, by its union with the hepatic, forms the ductus communis choledochua. Cystic Oxide Calculi, see Calculi. Cystic Sarco'ma, of Ab'ernethy, Emphy'ma Sarcoma cellulo'sum. Tumour, cellulose or cys- tose; cells oval, currant-sized or grape-sized, con- taining serous fluid; sometimes caseous. Found in the thyroid gland (forming bronchocele,) testis, ovarium, Ac CYS'TICA, Cystic Remedies. Such medicines as were formerly believed proper for combating diseases of the bladder. CYSTICER'CUS, from xvang, ' a bladder/ and xtpxog, ' a tail.' A genus of entozoa of the family of the hydatids, distinguished by the caudal vesicle in which the cylindrical or slightly de- pressed body of the animal terminates. The Cys- ticer'cus cellulo'sa seu ccllulo'sa, Hy'datis finna, has been often found in the cellular membrane. CYSTIDALGIA, Cystalgia. CYSTIDELCO'SIS, from xvang, 'bladder/ and 'tXxiooig, 'ulceration.' Suppuration or ulceration of the urinary bladder. CYSTIDEPATICUS, Hepatocystic. CYSTIDEPATOLITHIASIS,Cysthepatolithi- asis. CYSTIDOBLENNORRHffiA, Cvstirrhosa. CYSTIDOCATARRHUS, Cystirrhoea. CYSTIDOCELE, Cystocele. CYSTIDOPLEGIA, Cystoparnlysis. CYSTIDORRHAGIA, Cvstorrh'a-ia. CYSTIDORRHEXIS Cvstonhesis. CYSTID0RRH03A 266 CYSTOSARCOMA CYSTIDORRH03A, Cystirrhosa. CYSTIDOSOMATOTOMIA, Cystosomatoto- mia. CYSTIDOSPASMUS, see Cystospastic CYSTIDOSTENOCHORIA, Stricture of the urinary bladder. CYSTIDOTOMIA, Cystotomia. CYSTIDOTRACHELOTOMIA, Cystaucheno- tomia. CYSTINURIA, Urine, cystinic CYSTINX, Vesicula. CYSTIPHLOGIA, Cystitis. CYSTIRRHAG"IA, from xvang, 'the bladder/ and pnyvxioi,' I break forth.' Hemorrhage from the bladder, (F.) Hemorrhagic de la Vessie. By some used synonymously with cystirrhosa. CYSTIRRHEUMA, Cystorrheuma. CYSTIRRHCE'A, from xvang, 'the bladder/ and ptai, 'I flow.' Paru'ria Stillatl'tia Muco'sa, Pleural ria, Rlennorrhce'a urina'lis, P. vesica, Cysto-blennorrhce'a, Cystorrhce'a, Cystido-blennor- rhce'a, Ischu'ria, Cysto-phlegmat'ica, Tenes'mus Vesica Muco'eus, Urlna muco'sa, Cystocatar'- rhus, Cystido-catar'rhus, Cystidorrhce'a, Urocysto- catar'rhus, Dysu'ria Muco'sa, Pyu'ria Mucosa, P. vis'eida, P. sero'sa, Morbus cystophlegmat'icus, Catar'rhus vesi'cm, (F.) Cystite muqueuse, Flux muqueux de la vessie, Catarrhe vesical. A copious discharge of mucus from the bladder, passing out with the urine, and generally attended with dysu- ria. It is commonly dependent upon an inflam- matory or subinflammatory condition of the lining membrane. The treatment must be regulated by the cause. If it be not produced by an extrane- ous body : the antiplogistic plan,—the exhibition of warm diluents, and keeping the surface in a perspirable state, by wearing flannel, are indi- cated. Some of the turpentines may, at times, be given with advantage; and astringent or other appropriate injections be thrown into the bladder. CYSTIS, Follicle, Urinary bladder—c. Cho- ledochus, Gall-bladder—c. Fellea, Gall-bladder o. Serosa, Hygroma. CYSTITE, Cystitis—c. Muqueuse, Cystitis. CYSTFTIS, from xvang, 'the bladder.' In- fiamma'tio Vesi'cm, Empres'ma Cystitis, Cysti'tis u'rica, Uro-cyeti'tie, Cystiphlo'gia, Cystophlo'gia, Inflammmation of the bladder, (F.) Cystite, In- flammation de la vessie; characterized by pain and swelling in the hypogastric region ; discharge of urine painful or obstructed, and tenesmus. It may affect one or all of the membranes; but com- monly it is confined to the mucous coat. In the chronic condition, it appears in the form of cys- tirrhosa. It must be treated upon the same en- ergetic principles as are required in other cases of internal inflammation. Venesection, general and local, the warm bath, warm fomentations, warm, soothing enemata, diluents, Ae. Cantha- rides must be avoided, even in the way of blis- ters, unless with precautions, as the disease is often occasioned by them. Cystitis Fellea, Cholecystitis—c. Urica, Cys- titis. CYSTITOME, Cystit'omus, Kibis'titome, from Kctng, 'the bladder/ and rtpvtiv, 'to cut.' An instrument, invented by Lafaye, for dividing the anterior part of the capsule of the crystalline in the operation for extracting cataract. It was formed like the Pharyngotome. CYSTOBLAST, Cytoblast. CYSTO-BLENNORRHCEA, Cystirrhosa. CYSTO-BUBONOCE'LE, from Kvang, 'the bladder/ i3ov(iov, ' the groin,' and xnXn, ' a tu- mour.' Hernia of the bladder through the abdo- minal ring. CYSTO-CATA.RRHUS, Cystirrhosa. CYSTOCE'LE, Cyetoee'lia, Cistoce'le, Cystido- ce'le, from xvang, 'the bladder/ and /07A17, 'a tu- mour/ Her'nia vesi'cm urina'ria, Hernia of the bladder, (F.) Hemic de la' Vessie. It is not com- mon. It occurs, most frequently, at the abdomi- nal ring; less so at the crural arch, perinaeum, vagina, and foramen thyroideum. It may exist alone, or be accompanied by a sac, containing some abdominal viseus. The tumour is soft and fluctuating; disappears on pressure, and increases in size, when the urine is retained. It must be reduced and kept in position by a truss. Vagi- nal cystocele is kept in place by a pessary. Cystocele Biliosa, Turgescentia vesieulaa CYSTODYN'IA, from xvang, 'the bladder/ and ohivn, 'pain.' Pain of the bladder; particu- larly rheumatic pain. CYSTOID, Cystdi'deus, Cyst-liker from xvang. 'a bladder or cyst/ and ti&og, 'resemblance. That which resembles a cyst, as ' cystoid tumour. CYSTO-LITHIASIS, see Calculi, vesical. CYSTO-LITH'IC, Cystolith'icus, from xvang, 'the bladder/ and XiSog, 'a stone.' Relating to stone in the bladder. CYSTOMA, see Kyst CYSTO-MEROCE'LE, from xvang, 'the blad- der/ ptpog, ' the thigh/ and KijXn, ' hernia.' Fe- moral hernia, formed by the bladder protruding beneath the crural arch. CYSTON'CUS, from xvang, 'the bladder/ and oyxog, 'tumour.' Swelling of the bladder. CYSTOPARAL'YSIS, Gystidoparalxjsis, Cys- tidople'gia, Cystople'gia, Cystoplex'ia, from xve- ng, 'bladder/ and irapaXvoig, 'palsy.' Paralysis of the urinary bladder. See Enuresis. CYSTO-PHLEGMAT'IC, Cystophlegmat'icus, from xvang, 'the bladder/ and ipXtypa, 'mucus, phlegm.' Belonging to the vesical mucus. Mor- bus cystophlegmat'icus. Cystirrhosa.' CYSTOPHLOGIA, Cystitis. CYSTOPHTHI'SIS, Phthisis vesica'lis, from xvang, 'the bladder/ and ipOiia, 'I consume.' Consumption from ulceration of the bladder,— Ul'cera seu Helco'sis vesi'cm. s CYSTOPLAS'TIC, Cystoplas'ticus: from xvang, ' the bladder/ and irXaoaux, ' I form.' An epithet for operations for the cure of fistulous openings into the bladder; sometimes restricted to the cure by translation of skin from a neighbouring part. CYSTOPLEGIA, Cystoparalysis. CY'STOPLEG"IC, Oystopleg"icus. Belonging to paralysis of the bladder; from xvang, 'the bladder,' and irXnoaw, 'I strike.' CYSTOPLEX'IA, Cystoparalysis. CYSTOPTO'SIS, from rcvong, 'the bladder/ and imrrtiv, ' to fall.' Relaxation of the inner membrane of the bladder, which projects into the canal of the urethra. CYSTOPY'IC, Cystopy'icus, from Kvong, 'the bladder/ and rvov, 'pus.' Relating to suppura- tion of the bladder. CYSTORRHAG"IA, Hamatu'ria cyst'ica, Ha- morrhag"ia vesica, Strangu'ria cruen'ta, San'- guinia fluor vesica, from Kvong, 'the bladder/ and payn, 'rupture.' A discharge of blood from the vessels of the urinary bladder. CYSTORRHEU'MA, Cystirrheu'ma, Rheuma- tis'mus veai'ca urina'ria; from Kvang, 'the blad- der/ and ptvpa, 'defluxion/ rheumatism.' Rheu- matism of the bladder. CYSTORRHEX'IS, Cystidorrhex'is; from kvu- ng, ' bladder,' and 'pn£ig, ' rupture.' Rupture of the urinary bladder. CYSTORRHCEA, Cystirrhosa. CYSTOSARCO'MA, from Kvang, 'a bladder or cyst/ and sarcoma. A tumour consisting of a combination of cysts and cystoids, so called by J. Miiller. CYSTOSOMATOMIA 267 DACRY0PO3US _CYST0S0MAT0M'IA,Q/*ro8omatofom';a.Ci/s- tidosoxnatotom'ia, from xvang, 'the bladder/ curpa, 'body/ and ropn, 'incision.' An incision into the body of the bladder. CYSTOSPASMUS, see Cystospastic. CYSTOSPAS'TIC, Gystospas'ticus, from xvang, 'the bladder/ and triraor, 'I contract.' Relating to spasm of the bladder, and particularly of its sphincter; — Cystidospas'mua, Spasmus Vesica, Ischu'ria spasmod'ica, (F.) Spasrne de la Vessie. CYSTOSTENOCHO'RIA, Cyetidoatenocho'ria, Strictu'ra vesica, Vesica sacca'ta. A stricture, narrowness, inequality or saccated condition of the urinary bladder. CYSTOTHROM'BOID,%sfo^rwnooi'tfe8,from Kvang, 'the bladder/ and Spopfiog, 'a clot.' Relat- ing to the presence of clots in the bladder. CYSTOTOME, Cystot'omus, from Kvang, 'the 1 ladder,' and rtpvtiv, 'to cut.' An instrument intended for cutting the bladder. Instruments of this kind have been more frequently, although very improperly, called Lithotomes. CYSTOTOM'IA, Cystidotom'ia, same etymon. Incision of the bladder. Sectio vesica'lis. Cys- totomia means cutting into the bladder for any purpose; (F.) Incision de la vessie. Commonly, it is applied to the puncturing of the bladder for the purpose of removing the urine ; whilst Litho- tomy has been employed for the incisions made with the view of extracting calculi from the bladder. See Lithotomy. CYSTOTRACHELOTOMIA, Cystauehenoto- mia. See Lithotomy. CYrT'IXUS, Cytinus Hypocist'is, Hypocist'is, As'arum Hypocist'is. A small parasitical plant, which grows in the south of France and in Greece, on the roots of the woody cistus. The juice of its fruit is acid, and very astringent. It is extracted by expression, and converted into an extract, which was called Succus Hypocis'tidis, and was formerly much used in hemorrhages, diarrhoea, Ac. CYTISI'NA, Oytisine. An immediate vege- table principle, discovered by Chevalier and Lassaigne, in the seeds of Cystisns Labur'num or Pean-Trefoil tree. Family, Leguminosas. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. Cytisine has ana- logous properties to emetine. In the dose of one or two grains, it produces vomiting and purging; and, in a stronger dose, acts as an acrid poison. The seeds of the Cytisus Laburnum, (F.) Aubours, have been long known to produce vomiting and purging. CYTISMA ECZEMA, Eczema—c. Herpes, Herpes. CYTISO-GENISTA, Spartium scoparium. CYTISUS LABURNUM, see Cytisina— c. Scoparius, Spartium scoparium. CYTI'TIS, Scyti'tis, Dermatitis, Dermi'tis, Cutltis, Corii'tis, from xvng, 'the skin/ and itis, ' denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of the skin. CY'TOBLAST, Cystoblast, from xvrog, 'cell/ and PXaorog, 'germ.' Cell-germ, Nu'cleus, (F.) Noyau. A primary granule, from which all ani- mal and vegetable bodies are presumed to be formed. When the nucleus or cytoblast forms a cell, and is attached to its walls, the germinal cell, thus formed, is called a nucleated cell. When the nucleus contains a simple granule, the latter is termed a nucleolus, (F.) NucUole, Nu- cleotide. CYTOBLASTE'MA ; same etymon. IxrterceV- lular substance, Hy'aline substance, Substan'tia vit'x-ea seu hyal'ina, Matrix. The gum or mucus in the vegetable, and probably the liquor san- guinis after transudation from the vessels in the animal, in a state fully prepared for the formation of the tissues. — Schwann and Schleiden. By many, Blastema is preferred, inasmuch as it does not convev the idea of cellular development. CYTTAROS, Glans. D. The figure of the Greek A, according to Galen, was the sign for quartan fever. DABACH, Viscum album. DACNE'RON, Saxvnpov, from Sokvuv, 'to bite.' An ancient name for a collyrium, composed of oxide of copper, pepper, cadmia, myrrh, saffron, gum Arabic, and opium. DACRY, Dac'ryma, Dac'ryon, Saxpv, Saxpvpa, Saxpvov, 'a tear:' Hence: DACRYADENAL'GIA, Dacryoddenal'gia, from Saxpvw, 'I weep/ ah/v, 'a gland,' and aXyog, 'pain.' Disease or pain in the lachrymal gland. DACRYADENI'TIS, Dacryoadeni'tis : from Saxpvw, 'I weep/ ahjv, 'a gland/ and itis. In- flammation of the lachrymal gland. DACRYALLCEO'SIS, from Saxpv, 'a tear/ and aXXoiuoig, 'change.' A morbid condition of the tears. DACRYDION, Convolvulus scammonia. DACRYGELO'SIS, from Saxpvia, 'I weep/and ytXaix), ' I laugh.' A kind of insanity, in which the patient weeps and laughs at the same time. DACRYH^MOR'RHYSIS: from Saxpv, '& tear/ and 'aiuoppvaig, 'hemorrhage.' A flow of bloody tears. DACRYNOMA, Epiphora. DACRYrO ADENALGIA, Dacryadenalgia. DACRYOADENITIS, Dacryadenitis. DACRYOBLEXNORRIKE'A, from Saxpvw, 'I weep/ [SXtwa, ' mucus/ and ptoi, ' I flow.' Dis- charge of tears mixed with mucus. DACRYOCYSTAL'GIA, from Saxpvw, 'I weep/ xvang, 'a sac/ and aXyog, 'pain.' Disease or pain in the lachrymal sac DACRYOCYSTIS, Lachrymal sac. DACRYOCYSTITIS, from Saxpvov, 'a tear/ and xvang, ' bladder.' Inflammation of the lach- rymal sac. DACRYOCYSTOSYRINGOKATAKLEI'SIS; from dacryocystis, the 'lachrymal sac/ cvpiy!;, 'a pipe, a fistula/ and xaraxXtiaig, ' a locking up.' A term, proposed by Dieffenbach for the healing of lachrymal fistulaB by transplantation. The operation consists in paring the edges of the fis- tula, loosening the borders, and assisting the re- quisite tegumental displacement by lateral inci- sions. DACRYO'DES, Lachrymo'sus, from Saxp-.n*, 'I weep.' Resembling tears :—hence, Ulcus dacy- o'des. A sanious ulcer, a weeping sore. DACRYOLITE, Dacryol'ithus, from Saxpx,^, 'I weep/ and XiOog, 'a stone.' A concretion found in the lachrymal passages. DACRYOLITHI'ASIS; same etymon as the last. The formation of concretions in the tears. DACRYO'MA. Same etymon. The effusion of tears, occasioned by an occlusion of the puncta lachrymal ia.—Vogel. DACRYON, Tear. DACRYOPCE'US, from Saxpvur, 'I weep/ and iroitia, ' I make.' * substance which excites the DACRYOPS secretion of tears, — as the onion, horse-radish, garlic, Ac. DACRYOPS, from Saxpvw, 'I weep/ and uuV, 'the eye.' A weeping eye. A tumefaction of the lachrymal passages. DACRYOPYORRHCS'A, Pyorrhce'a via'rum lachryma'Hum,,from Saxpv, 'a tear/ irvov, 'pus/ and poo, ' to flow.' A discharge of tears mixed with purulent matter. DACRYORRHCg'A, Dacryrrhce'a, Dacryor'- rhysis, Daeryr'rhysis, from Saxpv, ' a tear,' and ptox, ' to flow.' A morbid flux of tears. DACRYORRHYSIS, Dacryorrhoea. DACRYOSOLENI'TIS, from Saxpv, 'a tear/ miiXnv, 'acanal/ and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the lachrymal ducts. DACRYOSYRINX, Fistula lachrymalis. DACRYRRHCEA, Dacryorrhoea. DACRYRRHYSIS, Dacryorrhoea. DACTYLE'THRA, Dactyli'thra, from SaxrvXog, ' a finger.' A name given by the ancients to dif- ferent topical applications, having the form of a finger, and proper for being introduced into the throat to excite vomiting. DACTYLETUS, Hermodactylus. DACTYL'ION, Dactyl ium, from SaxrvXog, 'a finger.' The union of the fingers with each other. This affection is generally congenital; but it may be owing to burns, ulcerations, inflammation of the fingers, Ac DACTYL'IOS, from SaxrvXog, 'a finger.' A troch or lozenge, when shaped like a finger. The anus. DACTYLITIS, Paronychia. DACTYLIUS, from SaxrvXiog, annulus, 'a ring.' Dactyl'ius Agulea'tus. A worm of a light colour, annulated, cylindrical, but tapering slightly towards both extremities, from two-fifths to four- fifths of an inch long, which has been found in the urine. DACTYLODOCHME, Dochme. DACTYLOSYM'PHYSIS, from SaxrvXog, 'a finger/ and evptpvaig, 'union.' Adhesion of the fingers to each other. _ DACTYLOTHE'KE, from SaxrvXog, ' a finger/ and dnxn, ' a case or sheath.' An instrument for keeping the fingers extended when wounded.— Ambrose Par6. DAC'TYLUS, Dig'Htus, 'a finger.' The smallest measure of the Greeks, the sixth part of a foot. Also, the Date. DJEDA'LEA SUAVEOLENS, Bole'tus seu Fungus Sal'ids, Boletus disco'ideus seu suaveolens, Fungus albus sali'geus, (F.) Agaric odorant, Bolet odorant. A champignon, which grows on the trunks of old willows. It has a smell of anise, which is penetrating and agreeable; and has been recommended in phthisis pulmonalis in the dose of a scruple four times a day. D^DALUS, Hydrargyrum. DvEDION, Bougie. D^EMONOMANIA, Demonomania. DiES, Tasdas. DAFFODIL, Narcissus pseudonarcissus. DAFFY'S ELIXIR, Tinctura sennas compo- sita. DAISY, Cnrysanthemum leucanthemum, Eri- geron Philadelphicum — d. Common, Bellis — d. Ox-eye, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. DALBY'S CARMINATIVE. A celebrated empirical reaieVy, much used as a carminative for children. The following is a form for its pre- paration : (Magnesia alb. ^ij ,' ol. mentha piper. gtt. j ; ol. nuc. moschat, gtt. iij ; ol. anisi, gtt. iij ; tinct. castor, gtt. xxx; tinct. asafcetid. gtt. xv; tinct. opii, gtt. v; sp. pulegii, gtt. xv; tinct. car- dam, c. gtt. xxx; aqua menthas pip. §ij. M.) 3 DAPHNE A Committee of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy recommend the following form: — (Aqua, Ox; Sacchar. alb. ^xxxij; Carbon. Po- tass. 5ss; Carb. Mag. 5xij; Tixict. Opii. f^vj; 01. menth. pip., Ol. Aneth i Fcenicxd. aa, i'Qij. M.) DALTO'NIAN. An absurd name given to one who cannot distinguish colours; becauso the celebrated chemist Dalton had the defect. See Achromatopsia. DALTONISM, Achromatopsia. DAMSON, Prunum Damascenum — d. Moun- tain, Quassia simarouba — d. Tree, Prunus do- mes tica. DANCE, see Mania, dancing. DANCING, Salta'tio, (F.) Danse. A kind of exercise and amusement, composed of a succes- sion of motions, gestures, and attitudes, executed by measured steps to the sound of the voice or musical instrument. It is a healthy exercise. Dancing Mania, see Mania, dancing — d. Plague, see Mania, dancing. DANDELION, Leontodon taraxacum. DANDRIFF, Pityriasis. DANDRUFF, Pityriasis. DANDY, Dengue. DANEVERT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A spring, a league and a half from Upsal, in Swe- den. The waters contain carbonic acid, holding in solution carbonate of iron, sulphate of iron, sulphates of soda and lime, chloride of sodium, and silica. It is frequently employed in medicine. DANEWORT, Sambucus ebulus. DANICH; an Arabic word, signifying the weight of 8 grains. DANSE, Dancing—d. de St. Guy, Chorea.—d. de St. Witt, Chorea. DAPHNE, Laurus. Daphne Alpi'na, Chamale'a, Chamala'a, Widow wail. Family, Thymelaeas. Sex. Syst. Octandria Monogynia. A sort of dwarf-olive. An acrid, volatile, alkaline principle has been separated from the bark of this plant by M. Vauquelin, to which he has given the name Daphnine. The plants of the genus owe their vesicating property to this principle. DAPHNE POISGENTIL, Daphnemezereum — d. Flax-leaved, Daphne gnidium — d. Garou, Daphne gnidium. Daphne Gnid'ium, D. panicula'ta, Thymela'a, Th. Monspeliaca, Thymele'a, Cneo'ron, Spurge Flax, Flax-leaved Daphne. The plant which furnishes the Garou Rark, (F.) Daphne Garou, Sain-bois. It is chiefly used, when used at all, for exciting irritation of the skin. The Grana Gnid'ia, (see Cnid'ia grana,) are acrid poisons, like all the plants of this genus, when taken in quantity. According to others, the garou bark and grana gnidia are obtained from the daphne laureola. t Daphne Laureola, D. major, Thymela'a lau- re'ola. The systematic name of the Spurge Laurel, Laureola. The bark of this plant has similar properties to the last. Daphne Liottardi, D. laureola—d. Major, D. laureola. Daphne Meze'reum, D.Liottar'di, Thymela'a meze'reum. The systematic name of the Meze'- reon, Mezereum, Spurge olive, (F.) Daphne Rois- gentil. The bark of the mezereon, Mezereum, (Ph. U. S.) possesses analogous properties to the other varieties of Daphne. It is considered sti- mulant and diaphoretic ; and, in large doses, is emetic. It has been employed in syphilitic cases, but its efficacy is doubtful. Soaked in vinegar,—■ like the other varieties of daphne, it has been employed to irritate the skin, especially to keep issues open. Daphne Paniculata, D. Gnidium. 26 DAPHNEL.EON 269 DEAMBULATIO DAPHNEL.F'ON, O'leum Laurlnum, from oaipvy, 'the laurel or bay tree/ and eXatov, 'oil.' Oil of Bay. DAPHNINE, see Daphne Alpina. DARNEL, Lolium temulentuin. DARSENI, Laurus cinnamomum. DARSINI, Laurus cinnamomum. DARSIS, from Stput, 'I excoriate/ 'I skin.' The Greek physicians seemed to have used this word to designate the anatomical preparation, which consists in removing the skin for exposing the organs covered by it. DARTA, Impetigo — d. Excoriativa, Herpes exedens—d. Maligna, Herpes exedens. DARTOS. Same derivation ; Membra'na car- no'sa, Tu'nica muscula'ris, T. rubicurlda scroti, Mursu'pium musculo'sum; from Saprog, 'skinned.' A name, given to the second covering of the tes- ticle, which the ancient anatomists conceived to be muscular, but which is merely areolar. Its external surface is towards the scrotum ; the in- ternal towaic's the tunica vaginalis. Frederick Lobstein and Breschet consider, that it proceeds from an expansion of the fibrous cord, known by the name Gubirnaculum Testis. DAR TRE, Herpes, Impetigo, Pityriasis — d. Crustacee, Ecthyma impetigo — d. Crustacee fla- vescenfe, Porrigo lupinosa—d. Croiiteuse, Impetigo —d. Ecailleuse, Psoriasis—d. Fongueuse, Ecthy- ma—d. Furfuracee arrondie, Lepra, Lepra vul- garis—d. Furfuracee volante. Lichen, Pityriasis — d. Phlyeteraiide, Herpes phlyctasnoides — d. Pustuleuse couperose, Gutta rosea—(/. Pxtstuleuse disseminee, Acne—d. Pustuleuse mentagra. Syco- sis— d. Rongeante, Herpes exedens; see Esthio- menus — d. Squammeuse humide, Eczema — d. Squammeuse licheno'ide, Psoriasis — d. Vive, Ec- zema. DAR TRE UX (F.), Herpetic. Participating in the characters of Dartre or Herpes. Also, one affected with dartre. Dartre has been used, at one time or other, for almost every disease of the skin. See Herpes. DAS'YMA, from Saavg, 'rough/ 'hairy.' A disease of the eye — the same as trachoma, but less in degree.—Aetius, Gorraeus. DAS'YTES. Same etymon. Roughness, par- ticularly -of the tongue and voice. Hairiness, Hirsu' ties. DATE, Pal'mula, Dac'tylus, Ral'anos, Phce'ni- cos, the fruit of the Phcenix dactylif'era seu ex- celsa, Palma dactylif'era, (F.) Datte. The un- ripe date is astringent. When ripe, it resembles the fig. The juice of the tree is refrigerant. DATE PLUM, INDIAN, Diospyrus lotus. DATTE, Date. DATURA, D. Stramonium. Datu'ra Sanguin'ea, Red Thorn Apple; called by the Indians of Peru Huacacachu, Yerba de Huaca (huaca, a grave) or Grave-plant, and Ro- vachevo. A plant from which the Peruvian In- dians prepare a narcotic drink called Tonga. Datu'ra Stramo'nium, Strarno' nixim, Stramo'- nia, Parycoe'colon, Sola'num fce'tidum, Stramo'- nium majus album, seu spino'sum seu vulga'tum seu fce'tidum, Pomum seu Malum spino'sum, Nux me- thel, Datu'ra, Dutro'a, Daty'ra, Thorn Apple, Jamestown Weed, Jimston Weed, Stinkweed, (F.) Stramoine, Pomme epineuse. The herbaceous part of the plant and the seeds are the parts used in medicine. They are narcotic and poisonous ; — are given internally as narcotics and antispasmo- dics, and applied externally as sedatives, in the form of fomentation. The seeds are smoked like tobacco, in asthma. The dose of the powder is, gr. j to gr. viii. DA'TURINE, Daturi'na, Datu'ria, Datu'rium. The active principle of the Datura Stramonium, separated by Brandes, a German chemist. It has not been rendered available in medicine. DATURIUM, Daturine. DATYRA, Datura stramonium. DAUCI'TES VINUM. Wine, of which the Daucus or Mrild Carrot was an ingredient. The seeds were steeped in must. It was formerly used in coughs, convulsions, hypochondriasis, diseases of the uterus, Ac. DAUCUS CANDIANUS, Athamantacretensis. Daucus Caro'ta. The systematic name of the Carrot Plant; Daucus, Daucus sylves'tris seu vulga'ris seu sativus, Cauca'lis caro'ta,Pastina'ca sylvestris tenuifo'lia officina'rum, Ado'rion. Or- der, Umbelliferas. (F.) Carotte. The root, and seed, Carota — (Ph. U. S.) — have been used in medicine. The root is sweet and mucilaginous ; and the seeds have an aromatic odour, and mode- rately warm, pungent taste. The root has been used as an emollient, to fetid and ill-conditioned sores. The seeds have been regarded as sto- machic, carminative and diuretic; but they have little efficacy. The seeds of the wild plant are, by some, preferred to those of the garden. Daucus Creticus, Athamanta cretensis — d. Cyanopus, Pimpinella magna — d. Sativus, D. carota — d. Seprinius, Scandix cerefolium — d. Sylvestris, D. carota—d. Vulgaris, D. carota. DA UPHINELLE, Delphinium staphisagria. DAVIDSON'S REMEDY FOR CANCER, see Conium maculatum. DA VIER, Dentagra. DAWLISH, CLIMATE OF. A town in De- vonshire, frequented by phthisical invalids during the winter. It is well protected from northerly winds, and also from the violence of the south- westerly gales. It offers, however, but a con- fined space. DAX, MINERAL AVATERS OF. Dax is a city two leagues from Bordeaux, where there are four springs, that are almost purely thermal; containing only a very small quantity of chloride of magnesium, and sulphate of soda and lime. Temperature 76° to 133° Fahrenheit. DAY"MARE, Incubus vigilantium. DAYT-SIGHT, Hemeralopia—d. Vision, Heme- ralopia. A DAZZLING, Caliga'tio, (F.) Eblouissement. A momentary disturbance of sight, occasioned either by the sudden impression of too powerful a light, or by some internal cause; as plethora. DE VENTRE INSPICIENDO, 'of inspect- ing the belly.' AVhere there is reason to suppose, that a woman feigns herself pregnant, a writ de ventre inspidcndo may be issued to determine whether she be so or not. Until recently, in England, the decision was left to twelve matrons and twelve respectable men, according to the strict terms of the ancient writ. DEAF-DUMBNESS, Mutitas surdorum. DEAFNESS, from Anglo-Saxon bear. Sur'- ditas, Copho'sis, Dysecoi'a, Dysecce'a organ'ica, Earyecola, Hardness of hearing, Hypoeopho'sis, Snbsur'ditas, Pradycola, Pradyecoi'a, (F.) Sur- di'te, Durete de I'ouie. Considerable diminution or total loss of hearing. It may be the effect of acute or chronic inflammation of the internal ear, paralysis of the auditory nerve or its pulpy extre- mity, or of some mechanical obstruction to the sonorous rays. In most cases, however, the cause of the deafness is not appreciable, and the treat- ment has to be purely empirical. Syringing the ears, dropping in slightly stimulating oils, fumi- gations, Ac, are the most likely means to afford relief. Deafness, Taylor's Remedy for, see Allium. DEALBATIO, Paleness. DEAMBULATIO, Walking. DEARTICULATIO 270 DECIDUA DEARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis. DEASCIATIO, Aposceparnismus. DEATH, (Sax. beaS,) Apobio'sis, Abio'sis, Ex- tinc'tio, Ob'itus, Psyehorag"ia, Psychorrhag"ia, Le'thum,Letum, Mors, Inter'itus, Than'atos, Death, (F.) Mort. Definitive cessation of all the func- tions, the aggregate of which constitute life. Real Death, Apothana'sia, is distinguished from as- phyxia or apparent death: — the latter being merely a suspension of those same functions. But it is often difficult to judge of such suspen- sion, and the only certain sign of real death is the commencement of putrefaction. At times, therefore, great caution is requisite to avoid mis- takes. Death is commonly preceded by some distressing symptoms, which depend on lesion of respiration, circulation, or of the cerebral func- tion, and which constitute the agony. That which occurs suddenly, and without any, or with few, precursory signs, is called sudden death. It is ordinarily caused by disease of the heart; apo- plexy ; the rupture of an aneurism, or by some other organic affection. Death is natural, when it occurs as the result of disease: violent, when produced by some forcible agency. It may like- wise affect the whole body, or a part only; hence the difference between somatic and molecular death. The chief varieties of the modes of death may be thus given :— f Suddenly—Syn- Death beginning at the heart, -j cope: Gradual— ( Asthenia. " " in the lungs—Asphyxia. " " in the brain—Apoplexy. in the gray f Paralysis of " " matter of the ^ pneumogastrics, medulla, (Ac. " " in the blood—necrasmia. Death, Apparent, Asphyxia. Death, Black. The plague of the 14th cen- tury was so called, which is supposed to have proved fatal in Europe to 25,000,000 of people.— Hecker. Death of Man, Cicuta maculata—d. Stiffen- ing, Rigor mortis. DEBILIS, Infirm. DEBIL'ITANTS, Debilitan'tia, Arrtidynam'- ica, Philadynarn'ica, from debilitare, itself from debilis, quasi dehabilis, 'weak/ 'to weaken.' Remedies exhibited for the purpose of reducing excitement. Antiphlogistics are, hence, debili- tants. DEBILITAS, Debility—d. Erethisica, see Irri- table— d. Nervosa, Neurasthenia, see Irritable — d. Visus, Asthenopia. DEBIL'ITY, Debil'itas, Asthenia, Rlaci'a, Anerrerge'sia, Anenergla, Weakness, (F.) Fai- blesse. A condition, which may be induced by a number of causes. It must not be confounded vrith fatigue, which is temporary, whilst debility is generally more permanent. Debility may be real, or it may be apparent ; and, in the management of disease, it is important to attend to this. At the commencement of fever, for example, there is often a degree of apparent debility, which prevents the use of appropriate means, and is the cause of much evil. Excite- ment is more dangerous than debility. DEBOITEMENT, Luxation. DEBORDEMENT (F.), from deborder, (de and border) 'to overflow.' A popular term for one or more suddeD and copious evacuations from the bowels. It is chi.ifly applied to bilious eva- cuations <>f this kind—Debordernent di Rile. DEBRIDEMENT (F.), Frmno'rum solu'tio, from (F.) dibrider, (de and brider;) ' ti» unbridle.' The removal of filaments, Ac, in a wound or abscess, which prevent the discharge of pus. In a more general acceptation, it means the cutting of a soft, membranous or aponeurotic part, which interferes with the exercise of any organ what- ever : thus, in paraphimosis, debridement of the prepuce is practised to put an end to the inflam- mation of the glans : in strangulated hernia, de- bridement of the abdominal ring is had recourse to, to remove the stricture of the intestine, &c. DECAGRAMME, from Stxa,' ten/ and yoappa, 'a gramme.' The weight often grammes, 154.34 grains Troy. DECAM'Y'RON, from Sexa, 'ten,' and pvpev, 'ointment.' An ancient cataplasm, composed of malabathrum, mostich, euphorbixim, spikenard, etyrax calamita, carbonate of lime, common pep- per, unguentum nardi, opobalsamum, and toax. DECANTA'TION, Decanta'tio, Defu'sio, Me- tangism'os, Catach'ysis. A pharmaceutical ope- ration, which consists in pouring off, gently, by inclining the vessel, any fluid which has left a deposit. DECAPITATIO ARTICULORUM, see Re- section. DECARBONIZATION, Hasmatosis. DECESSIO, Ecpiesma. DECHARNE, Demusculatus. DECHAUSSEMENT (F.) (de and chansser.) The state, in which the gums have fallen away from the teeth, as in those affected by mercury, in old persons, Ac. Also, the operation of lanc- ing the gums. See Gum lancet. DECHA USSOIR, Gum lancet. DECHIREMENT, Laceration. DECH1RURE, Wound, lacerated. DECIDENTIA, Cataptosis, Epilepsy. DECIDUA, Decidua membrana. Decid'ua Membra'na, Decid'ua, Decid'uoua Membrane, from decidere, ' to fall off/ (de, and cadere.) So called on account of its being consi- dered to be discharged from the uterus at partu- rition. A membrane, formerly defined to be the outermost membrane of the foetus in utero; and still so defined by some—as by Dr. Lee. Chaus- sier calls it Epieho'rion : by others, it has been called Membra'na cadu'ea Huxiteri, M. floeculen'- ta, M. cellulo'sa, M. sinuo'sa, 31. coxnxnu'nis, M. prmexis'tens, Decidua externa, Tu'nica exterior ovi, T. eadu'co, T. crasso, Membra'na cribro'sa, Membra'na ovi mater'na, M. muco'sa, Decidua spongio'sa, Epio'ne, Placen'ta uteri succenturia'- tus, Subplacen'ta, Membra'na u'teri inter'ua ero- lu'ta, Nidamen'txtm, Anhis'tous membrane, (F.) Caduqxte, O. vraie, Membrane caduque, Fpione, Pedone. Prior to the time of the Hunters, called Cho'rion spongio'sxim, C.tomento'sxim, fungo'sum, reticula'turn, Ac, Tu'nica filamento'sa, Shaggy Chorion, Spongy Chorion, Ac. Great diversity has prevailed, regarding this membrane and its reflected portion. It exists before the germ ar- rive? in the uterus,—as it has been met with in tubal and ovarial pregnancies; and is occa- sioned by a new action, assumed by the uterine vessels at the moment of conception. Chaussier, Lobstein, Gardien, Velpeau and others consider it to be a sac, without apertures, completely li- ning the uterus, and that when the ovum descends through the tube, it pushes the decidua before it, and becomes enveloped in it, except at the part destined to form the placenta. That portion of the membrane, which covers the ovum, forms the Membra'na decid'ua reflex'a, (F.) Caduque refle- chie, Membrane caduque refiechie, according to them ;—the part lining the uterus being the De- cidua U'teri. Towards the end of the fourth month, the decidua reflexa disappears. The DECIDUOUS MEMBRANE 271 DECOCTUM very existence of a Tunica decidua reflexa has, however, been denied. This last membrane has received various names. Dr. Granville, regard- ing it as the external membrane of the ovum, has termed it Cortex on. It has also been termed Invola'crtim membrana'cerim, Membra'na reti- form'is cho'rii, Membra'na filamento'sa, M. ad- vent it" i a and M. crassa, Ovuline and Decid'ua protru'sa. To the membrane which, according to Bojanus and others, is situate between the placenta and the uterus, and which he considers to be produced at a later period than the decidua vera, he gave the name membra'na decid'ua se- ro'ti'na. Histological researches seem to show, that the decidua is an altered condition of the lining membrane of the uterus, with a whitish secretion filling the uterine tubular glands. The decidua reflexa is probably formed by the agency of nu- cleated cells from the plastic materials thrown out from the decidua uteri; in the same manner as the ehorion is formed in the Fallopian Tube from plastic materials thrown out from its lining mem- brane. That the decidua reflexa is not a mere inverted portion of the decidua uteri is shown by the fact, that the texture of the two is by no means identical. Decidua Protrusa, Decidua reflexa. DECIDUOUS MEMBRANE, Decidua (mem- brana). DECIGRAMME, Decigram'ma, from deeimus, 'the tenth part/ and ypappa, 'gramme.' The tenth part of the gramme in weight; equal to a little less than two grains. French; 1.543 Troy. DECIMA'NA FEBRIS, from decern, 'ten.' An intermittent, whose paroxysms return every 10th day or every 9 days. It is supposititious. DECLAMA'TION, Declama'tio, from de, and clamare, ' to cry out.' The art of depicting the sentiments by inflections of the voice, accompa- nied with gestures, which render the meaning of the speaker more evident, and infuse Into the minds of the auditors the emotions with which he is impressed. Declamation may become the cause of disease: the modification, produced in the pulmonary circulation,—accompanied by the great excitement, sometimes experienced,—is the cause of many morbid affections ; particularly of pneumonia, haemoptysis, and apoplexy. In mo- deration, it gives a healthy excitement to the frame. DECLIN, Decline. DECLINATIO, Decline. DECLIX'E, Declina'tio, Inclina'tio, Decre- men'tum, Remis'sio, Parae'me, Paracrna'sis, (F.) Dedin, from de, and clinare, ' to bend.' That period of a disorder or paroxysm, at which the symptoms begin to abate in violence. AYe speak, also, of the decline of life, or of the powers, (F.) Dedin de I'age, L'age de dedin, when the phy- sical and moral faculties lose a little of their ac- tivity and energy. See Phthisis, and Tabes. DECLIVE, (F.) Decli'vis, from de, 'from/ and clivus, ' acclivity.' Inclining downwards. This epithet is applied to the most depending part of a tumour or abscess. DECOCTION, Decoc'tio, from decoquere, 'to boil/ (de and coquere,) Epse'sis, Apoz'esis, Zesis, Hepse'sis, Aphepsia, (F.) Decoction. The opera- tion of boiling certain ingredients in a fluid, for the purpose of extracting the parts soluble at that temperature. Decoction, likewise, means the product of this operation, to which the terms Decoetum, Zema, Aphepse'ma, Ap'ozem, Apoz'ema, Hepse'ma, Chylus and Epse'ma, have been ap- plied according to ancient custom, in order to avoid any confusion between the operation and its product;—asprmparatio is used for the act of preparing; prmparatum, for the thing prepared. Decoction of Aloes, Compound, Decoetum, aloes compositum — d. of Bark, Decoetum Cin- chonas— d. of Barley, Decoetum hordei — d. of Barley, compound, Decoetum hordei compositum — d. Bitter, Decoetum amarum — d. of Cabbage tree bark, Decoetum geoffrasae inermis — d. of Cassia, Decoetum cassias—d. of Chamomile, De- coetum anthemidis nobilis — d. of Cinchona, De- coetum Cinchonae — d. of Cinchona, compound laxative, Decoetum kinas kinas compositum et laxans — d. of Colomba, compound, Decoetum Calumbas compositum — d. of Dandelion, Decoe- tum Taraxaci—d. of Dogwood, Decoetum Cornus Floridas—d. of Elm bark, Decoetum ulmi—d. of Foxglove, Decoetum digitalis—d. de Gayac com- posee, Ac, Decoetum de Guyaco compositum — d. of Guaiacum, compound, Decoetum Guaiaci compositum — d. of Guaiacum, compound purga- tive, Decoetum de Guayaco compositum — d. of Hartshorn, burnt, Mistura cornu usti—d. of Hel- lebore, white, Decoetum veratri — d. of Iceland moss, Decoetum cetrarias — d. of Liverwort, De- coetum lichenis — d. of Logwood, Decoetum hae- matoxyli—d. of Marshmallows, Decoetum althaeas — d. de Mauve composee, Decoetum malvos com- positum— d. of Oak bark, Decoetum quercus — d. d'Orge, Decoetum hordei—d. d'Orge composee, Decoetum hordei compositum—d. of Pipsissewa, Decoetum chimnphihv — d. of Poppy, Decoetum papaveris—d. of Quince seeds, Decoetum cydonias — d. de Quinquina composee et laxative, Decoe- tum kinas kinas compositum et laxans — d. de Salsa2)areille composee, Decoetum sarsaparillae compositum — d. of Sarsaparilla, Decoetum sar- saparillae— d. of Sarsaparilla, compound, Decoe- tum sarsaparillae compositum—d. of Sarsaparilla, false, Decoetum aralias nudicaulis — d. of Squill, Decoetum scilla?—d. of Uva ursi, Decoetum uvae ursi — d. of the AVoods, Decoetum Guaiaci com- positum— d. of AVoody nightshade, Decoetum dulcamaras—d. of Zittmann, Decoetum Zittmanni. DECOCTUM, Decoction —d. Album, Mistura cornu usti. Decoctum Al'oes Compos'itum, Balsam of Life, Compound Deeoction of Aloes. (Ext. glyc. JJiv,potasa. subcorb.'fyij, aloesspicat. ext.: myrrha contrit.: croci stigmat. aa gj> aqua Oj. Boil to f§ xij : strain, and add tinct. card, c f^iv. Pharm. L.) The gum and extractive are dissolved in this preparation. The alkali is added to take up a little of the resin. The tincture prevents it from spoiling. It is gently cathartic. Dose, f g ss to gij. Decoctum Altha'a, D. althmm officina'lis: Decoction of Marsh-mallows, (F.) Deeoction de Grtimauve. (Rod. althaa sice. §iv. uvar. paaaar. %ij, aqua, Ovij. Boil to Ov. Pour off the clear liquor. Pharm. E.) It is used as a demulcent. Decoctum Ama'rum; Ritter Decoction. (Pad. gent. £j, aqua Oijss. Boil for a quarter of an hour; add apeeiea omara 3'J- Infuse for two hours and filter, without expressing. Pharm. P.) It is tonic. Dose, f ^ss to 5ij. Decoctum Anthf.m'idis Nob'ilis, D. Chama- me'li; Decoction of Cham'omile. (Flor. anthe- mid. nobil. t^j. sem. carui ,^iv, aqua Ov. Boil for fifteen minutes and strain. Pharm. E.) It contains bitter extractive and essential oil, dis- solved in water. It is used, occasionally, as a vehicle for tonic powders, pills, Ac, and in fo- mentations and glysters; but for the last pur- pose, warm water is equally efficacious. The Dublin college has a compound decoction Decoctum Ara'lia Nudtcau'lis : Demotion of False Sarsaparilla. (Ara/ia niidicanl. 3vj, aqua Oviij. Digest for four hours, and then boil DECOCTUM 272 DECOCTUM to four pints : press out and strain the decoction. Former Ph. U. S.) It is used as a stomachic, but it is an unnecessary and laborious prepa- ration. Decoctum Cassia ; Decoction of Cassia. (Cas- sia pulp, ^ij, aqua Oij. Boil for a few minutes, filter without expression, and add syrup, violar. §j, or manna pur. ^ij. (Pharm. P.) It is lax- ative, in the dose of ^vj. Decoctum Cetra'ria, Decoction of Iceland Moss. (Cetro.r. gss, aqua Oiss. Boil to a pint, and strain with compression. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^iv to Oss, and more. Decoctum Chamameli, Decoctum anthemidis nobilis. Decoctum Chimaph'ila, Decoction of Piipsis'- aewa. (Chiinaph. contus. §j, aqua Oiss. Boil to a pint, and strain. Pharm. U. S.) Dose, f^iss. Decoctum Cincho'n.e, Decoctum Cinchona, D. Oor'ticis Cinchona; Decoction of Cinchona, D. of Park, Decoctum Kinm Kina. (Cinchon. cort. contus. 3J, aqum Oj. Boil for ten minutes, in a slightly covered vessel, and strain while hot. Pharm. U. S.) It contains quinia and resinous extractive, dissolved in water. Long coction ox- ygenates and precipitates the extractive. It can be given, where the powder does not sit easy, Ac. Dose, f^j to §iv. The Pharmacopoeia of the United States has a Decoctum Cinchona flava, Decoction of yellow bark, and a Decoctum Cinchona rubra, Decoction of red bark, both of which are prepared as above. Decoctum Colom'ba Compos'itum; Compound Decoction of Colombo. (Colomb. contus., quassia, aa ^ij, cort. aurant. £j, rhej pulv. ^j, potassa carbonat. gss, aqua §xx. Boil to a pint, and add tinct. lavand. f Jss. Former Ph. U. S.) Given as a tonic, but not worthy an officinal station. Decoctum Commune pro Clystere, D. malvas compositum—d.Cornu cervini, Mistura cornu usti. Decoctum Cornus Flor'ida, Decoction of Dogwood. (Cornus Florid, cont. ^j, aqua Oj. Boil for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and strain while hot. Pharm. U. S.) Dose, f^iss. Decoctum Cydo'nia, Mucila'go Sem'inis Cy- do'nii Mali, M. Sem'inum Cydonio'rum; Decoc- tion or Mu'cilage of Quince seeds. (Cydonia sem. £i}, aqua Oj. Boil for ten minutes over a gentle fire, and strain. Pharm. L.) It is merely a solution of mucilage in water, and is used as a demulcent. Decoctum Daphnes Meze'rei, Decoctum Me- zehrei, Decoction of Meze'reon. (Cort. rod. daphxt. mezerei, £ij, rod. glycyrrh. cont. 3SS> aqua Oiij. Boil over a gentle fire to Oij, and strain.) The acrimony of the mezereon and the saccharine mucilage of the liquorice root are imparted to the water. It is somewhat stimulant, and has been used in secondary syphilis; but is devoid of power. Dose f^iij to §vj. Decoctum Diaphoreticum, D. Guaiaci compo- situm—d. pro Enemate, D. malvas compositum. Decoctum Digita'lis, Decoction of Fox-glove. (Fol. digit, sice ^j> aqua q. s. ut colentur f^viij. Let the liquor begin to boil over a slow fire, and then remove it. Digest for fifteen minutes, and Strain. Pharm. D.) It possesses the properties of the plant. Dose, fsjij to g'ij- Decoctum Dulcama'ra, Decoction of Wuody Nightshade. (Dulcamara cont. ,^j, aqua Oiss. Boil to Oj, and strain. Pharr,. 11. S.) This de- coction has been considered diuretic and diapho- retic, and has been administered extensively in bkin diseases. It is probably devoid of efficacy. Decoctcm pro Fomento, D. papaveris. Decoctum Geoffra'.e Inerm'is; Decoction vf Cabbage-Tree Bark. (Cort. geoffr. inermis in |)ulv. §j, Aqua Oij. Foil over a slow fire to a pint, and strain. Pharm. E.) It is possessed of anthelmintic, purgative, and narcotic proper- ties, and has been chiefly used for the first of these purposes. Dose, to children, f^ij — to adults, f^ss to §ij. Decoctum Guaiaci Compos'itum, D. Guaiaci officina'lis compos'itum, Decoctum Ligno'rurn, D. de Guyaco compos'itum, D. sudorif'icum, D. dia- phoret'icum ; Compound decoction of Guaiacum, Decoction of the Woods. (Lign. guoiac. rasnr. 5iij, fruct. sice, vitis vinifer. ^ij, rod. laxtri. sas- safr. concis., rod. glycyrrh. sia §j, aqua Ox. Boil the Guaiacum and raisins over a slow lire to Ov: adding the roots towards the end, then strain. Pharm. E.) It is possessed of stimu- lant properties, and has been given in syphilitic, cutaneous, and rheumatic affections. The resin of the guaiacum is, however, insoluble in water, so that the guaiac wood in it cannot be supposed to possess much, if any, effect. The Parisian Codex has a Decoctum de Guyaco Compos'itum et Pur- gans, (F.) Decoction de Gayac Composee et Pur- gative ; Compound purgative Decoction of Gua- iacum. (Lign. guaiac. rasp., rad. sarsap. aa ^j, potass, carbonat. gr. xxv. Macerate for twelve hours, agitating occasionally, in xvater Oiv, until there remain Oiij. Then infuse in it fol. senna ^ij, rhej ^.b lign. sassafr., glycyrrh. rad. aa £'j> eem. coriand. gj- Strain gently, suffer it to settle, and pour off the clear supernatant liquor. The title sufficiently indicates the properties of the composition. Decoctum Hamatox'yli, Decoction of Log- xvood. (Hmmatoxyl. rasur. §j, aqua Oij. Boil to a pint, and strain. Pharm. U. S.) Decoctum Hellebori Albi, D. veratri — d. Kinas kinas, D. Cinchonas. Decoctum Hor'dei, Decoctum Hordei Dr's'- tichi, Ptis'ana Hippocral ica, Tipsa'ria, Tap- sa'ria, Aqua Hordea'to, Hydrocri'the, Parley Water, Decoc'tion of Parley, (F.) Dicoction d'Orge, Tisane Commune. (Hord. ^ij, Aqua Oivss. Wash the barley well, boil for a few minutes in water Oss: strain this, and throw it away, and add the remainder, boiling. Boil to Oij, and strain. Pharm. L.) It is nutritive and demulcent, and is chiefly used as a common drink, and in glysters. Decoc'tum Hordei Compos'itum, Decoctum pectora'le, Ptisana commu'nis; Compound De- coction of Parley, (F.) Decoction d'Orge com- posee. (Decoct, hord. Oij, carica fruct. concis. |jij, glycyrrh. rad. concis. et contus. ^*s, antrum pass, demptis acinis. ^ij, aqum Oj. Boil to Oij, and strain. Pharm. L.) It has similar proper- ties to the last. Decoctum KiNiE Kina Compos'itum et Laxans, Decoction de quinquina compoaee et laxative; Compound lax'ative decoction of Cin- chona. (Cort. cinchon. ^j, aqua Oij. Boil for a quarter of an hour, remove it from the fire; then infuse in it for half an hour, fol. senna, soda sulph. aa ^'j : add syrup de senna f§j.) Its title indicates its properties. Decoctum Liche'nis, Decoetum Liehe'nis Is- lan'diri; Deeoction of Liv'erxrort. (Lichen 5jj, aqua Oiss. Boil to a pint, and strain. Pharm. L.) It consists of bitter extractive and fecula, dis- solved in water, and its operation is tonic and demulcent. Dose, f§j to |jiv. It is also nu- trient, but hardly worthy of the rank of an offi- cinal preparation. Drcoctum Lignorum, D. Guaiaci compositum. Decoctum Malva Compos'itum, Decoctum pro enem'ate, Decoctum commu'ne pro clyste're; Compound Deeoction of Mallow, (F.) Decoction de Mauve composee. (Malva exsicc ^j, anthe- DECOCTUM mid. flor: exsicc. §ss, aqua Oj. Boil for fifteen minutes and strain.) It consists of bitter-ex- tractive, and mucilage in water, and is chiefly used for clysters and fomentations. It is un- worthy a place in the pharmacopoeias. Decoctum Mezerei, D. daphnes mezerei—d. Pectorale, D. hordei compositum. Decoctum Papav'eris, Decoc'tum pro Fo- men'to, Fotus commu'nis; Decoction of Poppy. (Popov, somnif. capsul. concis. ^iv, aqua Oiv. Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain. Pharm. L.) It contains the narcotic principle of the poppy, and mucilage in water: is anodyne and emol- lient, and employed as such in fomentation, in painful swellings, ulcers, Ac. Decoctum Polygala Senega, D. Senegas. Decoctum Quercus Alba, D. Quercus Ro'- boris; Decoction of White Oak Rark. (Quercus cort. ^j, aqua Oiss. Boil to a pint, and strain. Pharm. U. S.) It is astringent, and used as such, in injections, in leucorrhoea, uterine hemor- rhage, Ac, as well as in the form of fomentation to unhealthy ulcers. Decoctum Sarsaparil'la, D. Smi'lacis Sar- saparilla ; Decoction of Sarsaparilla^ (Saraa- parill. rad. concis. ^iv, aq. fervent. Oiv. Mace- rate for four hours, near the fire, in a lightly covered vessel; then bruise the root; macerate again for two hours; then boil to Oij, and strain. Pharm. L.) It contains bitter extractive, and mucilage in water; is demulcent, and has been used, although it is doubtful with what efficacy, in the sequelae of syphilis. Dose, f^iv to Oss. Decoctum Sarsaparilla Compos'itum; Com- pound Decoction of Sarsaparil'la, (F.) Decoction de Salsajjareille Compoaee. (Sarsaparill. concis. et contus. ^vj, Sassafr. Cort. concis., Lign. Guaiac. rasur., Rad. Glycyrrhiz. contus. aa ^j, Mezerei, concis. ^i'ji Aqua Oiv. Boil fifteen minutes, and strain. Pharm. U. S.) This is considered to be possessed of analogous properties to the celebrated Lisbon Diet-Drink, Decoc'tumLusitan'icum,vihich it resembles in composition. De c 0 Ct u M S C il l a ; Decoction of Squill. (Scilla, 5UJ> juniper, ^iv, Senega, ^iij, Aqua, Oiv. Boil till one half the liquor is consumed; strain, and add spirit of nitrous ether, f^iv. Former Pharm, U. S.) Dose, f^.ss. Decoctum Sen'ega, D. Polyg'ala Senega ; Decoction of Senega. (Seneg. cont. ^j, aqua Oiss. Boil to Oj, and strain. Ph. U. S.) It is reputed to be diuretic, purgative, and stimulant, and has been given in dropsy, rheumatism, Ac. Decoctum Smilacis Sarsaparilla, D. sarsa- parillas—-d. Sudorificum, D. Guaiaci compositum. Decoctum Tarax'aci, Decoction of Dandelion. (Taraxac contus. ^ij, aqua Oij. Boil to a pint, and strain. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^iss. Decoctum Ulmi, D. Ulmi Campes'tris; Decoc- tion of Elm Park. (Ulmi cort. recent, cont. ^iv, aqua Oiv. Boil to Oij, and strain. Pharm. L.) It is a reputed' diuretic, and has been used in lepra and herpes; but, probably, has no efficacy. Dose, f^iv to Oss. Decoctum Uva Ursi, Decoction of uva ursi. (Uva ursi- "$A, aqua, f5xx. Boil to a pint and strain. Ph. U. S.) Dose, fgiss. Decoctum Vera'tri, Decoctum Helleb'ori albi; Decoction of White Hellebore. (Veratx-i rad. cont. ^j, aqua Oij, spir. rec. f^ij. Boil the wa- tery decoction to Oj, and,, when it is cold,, add the spirit. Pharm. L.) It is stimulant, acrid, and cathartic; but is used only externally. It is a useful wash in tinea capitis, psora, Ac. Should it excite intense pain on being applied, it must be diluted. DECOC'TUM ZlTTMAN'NI, Zitt'mar.n's Decoction. A most absurd farrago, extolled by Theden in 18 3 DECUSSATION venereal diseases, the formula for which, accord- ing to Jourdan, " some blockheads have lately reproduced among us as a novelty." It is com- posed of sarsaparilla, pulvis stypticus, calomel and cinnabar, boiled in water with aniseed,, fennel seed, and liquorice root. A stronger and a weaker decoction were directed by Zittmann. Formulas for its preparation are contained in Jourdan's Pharmacopoeia Universalis; and in Lincke's Voll- standiges Recept-Taschenbuch. Leipz., 1841. DECOLLEMENT, (F.) Deglutina'tio, Reglu- tina'tio, (from de and caller, 'to glue.') The state of an organ that is separated from the sur- rounding parts, owing to destruction of the areo- lar membrane which united them. The skin is decolUe, i. e. separated from the subjacent parts, by a burn, subcutaneous abscess, Ac. DECOLLEMENT DU PLACENTA is the separation or detachment of the whole or a part of the placenta from the inner surface of the ute- rus. Decollement, from de, 'from/ and collum, ' the neck/ obtrunca1tio, also means the separa- tion of the head of the foetus from the trunk, the latter remaining in the uterus. DECOLORA'TION, Decolora'tio, Disoolora'- tio, from de, ' from/ and colorare,. ' to colour.* Loss of the natural colour; Parachro'sis. De- void of colour—Achroma'sia. In Pharmacy, any process by which liquids, or solids in solution, are deprived wholly or in part of their colour, — as by bringing them in contact with animal charcoal. DECOMPOSES, (F.) from de, 'from/ and componere, 'to compose.' Deeompo'sed, Disso- lU'tus. An epithet, applied to the face when ex- tensively changed in its expression and colour; as in the choleric or moribund. DECORTICATION, from de, 'from/ and cortex, 'bark.' An operation, which consists in separating the bark from roots, stalks, Ac. DECOS'TIS, Apleu'ros, from de, priv., and costa, 'a rib.' One who has no ribs. DECREMEXTUM, Decline.. DECREP'ITUDE, Decrepitu'do, Mtas de- crep'ita, Ultima senec'tus, Scnec'ta decrep'ita seu extre'ma seu sxtmma seu ultima, from decrc- pitus, (de, and crepare, ' to creak,') ivery old.' The last period of old age, and of human life; which ordinarily occurs about the eightieth year. It may, however, be accelerated or protracted. Its character consists in the progressive series of phenomena which announce the approaching extinction of life. DECRETORII DIES, Critical days. DECU'BITUS, from decumbere, (de, and cum- bere, 'to lie/) 'to lie down.' Cuba'lio. Lying down. Assuming the horizontal posture, cu'bitua aupi'nns ; (F.) Coueher. Hord decubitus, 'at bed time.' The French say — Decubitus horizontal, sur le dos, stir le cote, for, lying in the horizontal posture, on the back or side. DECURTA'TUS, uttovpog, or ptiovpi(orr, from de, and curtus, 'short.' 'shortened, curtailed,' 'running to a point.' When applied to the pulse, it signifies a progressive diminution in the strength of the arterial pulsations, which, at last, cease. If the pulsations return and gradually acquire all their strength, it is called Pulsus dec vrta'lus re- eip'rocus.—Galen. DECUSSA'TIOX, Decussa'tio, Chias'moe, In- crucia'tio, Intersec'tio, Intricattt'ra, from deenssia, that is, decern asses; also, the figure of the letter X. Union in the shape of an X or cross. Ana- tomists use this term chiefly in the ease of the nerves — a? the decussation of the optic nerves, which cross each other within *he cranium. 27 DECUSSORIUM 274 DEGREE DECUSSO'RIUM, from decutio, (de, and qua- tio,) 'I shake down.' An instrument used by the ancients, for depressing the dura mater, and faci- litating the exit of substances effused on or under that membrane. It is described by Scultetus, Pare^&c. See Meningophylax. DEIiAIGNEUR, Rectus superior oculi. DEDENTITION, see Dentition. DEDOLA'TION, Dedola'tiofiom dedolare, (de, and dolare,) 'to cut and hew with an axe.' This word has been used by surgeons to express the action by which a cutting instrument divides ob- liquely any part of the body, and produces a wound with loss of substance. It is commonly on the head, that wounds by dedolation are ob- served. AAThen there was a complete separation of a portion of the bone of the cranium, the an- cients called it Aposceparnis'mus. DEERBERRY, Gaultheria, Vaccinium stami- neum. DEERFOOD, Brasenia hydropeltis. DEERS' TEARS, Bezoar of the Deer. DEFAILLANCE, Syncope. DEFECA'TIOX, Defaca'tio, from de, and fmces, 'excrements.' The act by which the excrement is extruded from the body. Caca'tio, Excre'tio alvi, E. alvi'na, E. fmcum alviua'rum, Dejec'tio alri, Seces'sio, Expul'sio vel Ejec'tio fmcum, Apago'ge, Hypochore'sis, Ecchorc'sis, Eccopro'sis, Eges'tio. The fasces generally accumulate in the colon, being prevented by the annulus at the top of the rectum from descending freely into that intestine. In producing evacuations, therefore, in obstinate constipation, it is well, by means of a long tube, to throw the injection into the colon, as suggested by Dr. O'Beirne. In Pharmacy, defecation means the separation of any substance from a liquid in which it may be suspended. See Clarification. DEFECTIO AXIMI, Svncope. DEFECTUS LOQUEL2E, Aphonia —d. Are- neris, Anaphrodisia. DEFEXSI'VUM, from defendere, (de, a,nd/cn- derc,).'to defend.' A,.preservative or defence. The old surgeons gave this name to different local applications, made to diseased parts, for the purpose of guarding them from the impression of extraneous bodies, and particularly from the contact of air. DEF'EREXS, from defero, (de, and/erre,) 'I bear away/ ' I transport.' Deferens. Atas, Ductus seu Cana'lis deferens, Vibra'tor, (F.) Conduit spermatique, Conduit de- ferent, is the excretory canal of the sperm, which arises from the epididymis, describes numerous convolutions, and with the vessels and nerves of the testicle concurs in the formation of the sper- matic chord, enters the abdominal ring, and ter- minates in the ejaculatory duct. DEFIBRIXATIOX, see Defibrinized. DEFIB'RINIZED, (F.) Defibrini. Deprived of fibrin. A term applied to blood from which the fibrin has been removed, as by whipping. The act of removing fibrin from the blood has been termed defibrination. DEFIGURATIO, Deformation. DEFLAGRA'TION, Deflagra!tio, from defla- grare, (de, and flagrare, 'to burn/) 'to set on fire.' In pharmacy, the rap'd combustion of a substance with flame; great elevation of tempe- rature ; violent motion, and more or less noise. Thus, we speak of the deflagration of nitrate, and of chlorate, of potasaa, of gunpowder, Ac. DEFLECTENS, Derivative. DEFLECTIO, Derivation. DEFL OR A TION, S tuprum. Deflora'tion, Dfflora'tio, Dex-irgina'tio, Vir- g'n'itas deflora'to, from dcflorescere, (de, andflo- reseere,) 'to shed flowers.' The act of depriving a female of her virginity. Inspection of the parts is the chief criterion of defloration having been forcibly accomplished; yet inquiry must be made, whether the injury may not have been caused by another body than the male organ. Recent de- floration is infinitely more easy of detection than where some time has elapsed. DEFLUVIUM, Aporrhosa —d. Pilorum, Alo- pecia. DEFLUXIO, Catarrh, Diarrhoea—d. Catarrha- lis, Influenza. DEFLUX'ION, Deflxix'io, Deflux'us, Catar'- rhysis, Hypor'rhysis, Catar'rhus. A falling down of humours from a superior to an inferior part. It is sometimes used synonymously with inflam- mation. DEFLUXUS DYSENTERICUS, Dysentery. DEFORMA'TION, Deforma'tio, Cacomor'phia, Cacomorpho'sis, Dysmor'phe, Dysmor'phia, Dys- morpho'sis, Deform'itas, Defigura'tio, Disfigura'- tion, Dcfornlity, Inform'itas, (F.) Difformite, from de, and forma. Morbid alteration in the form of some part of the body, as of the head, pelvis, spine, Ac. A deformity may be natural or accidental. DE'FRUTUM, (F.) Vin cuit,from defrutare, 'to boil new wine.' Grape must, boiled down to one- half and used as a sweetmeat.-—Plin. Columell. Isidor. See Rob. DEFUSIO, Decantation. DEGEXERATIO, Degeneration —d. Adiposa Cordis, Steatosis cordis. DEGENERA'TION, Degeneratio, Notheu'eie, Nothi'a, from degener, 'unlike one's ancestors/ (de, and genm, 'family,') Degen'eracy, (F.) Aba- tardissement. A change for the worse in the in- timate composition of the solids or fluids of the body. In pathological anatomy, degeneration means the change which occurs in the structure of an organ, when transformed into a matter es- sentially morbid; as a cancerous, or tubercular, degeneration. Degenerescence is, by the French pathologists, employed synonymously with Degeneration. DEGENERESCENCE, Degeneration — d. Graissertse du Foie, Adiposis hepatica—d. Gra- nule du Rein, Kidney, Bright's disease of the— d. Noire, Melanosis. DEGLUTIXATIO, Decollement. DEGLUTITIO, Deglutition—d. Difficilis, Dys- phagia—d. Impedita, Dysphagia—d. Lassa, Dys- phagia. DEGLUTIT"ION, Deglutil'io, Catap'osis, from de, and glutire, 'to swallow.' The act by which substances are passed from the mouth into the stomach, through the pharynx and oesopha- gus. It is one of a complicated character, and requires the aid of a considerable number of muscles; the first steps being voluntary, the re- mainder executed under spinal and involuntary nervous influence. DEGMUS, Dexis, Morsus, (F.) Morsxire, — a bite in general, from Saxvux, ' I bite.' A gnawing sensation about the upper orifice of the stomach, which was once attributed to acrimony of the liquids contained in that viscus. DEGORGEMENT, Disgorgement. DEGOUT, Disgust. DEGREE', from degre, originally from gradxts, 'a step.' A title conferred by a college,—as the ' degree of Doctor of Medicine.' Galen used this expression to indicate the qualities of certain drugs. Both he and his school admitted cold, warm,, moist, and dry medicines, and four differ- ent 'degrees' of each of those qualities. Thus, Apium was warm in the first degree, Agrimony DEGUSTATION 275 DELPHINIUM in the second, Roche Alum in the third, and Gar- lic in the fourth. Redegar was cold in the first, the flower of the Pomegranate in the second, the Sempervivum in the third, Opium in the fourth, Ac. The French use the term degr-e to indicate, 1. The intensity of an affection : as a burn of the first, second, third degree, Ac. 2. The particular stage of an incurable disease, as the third degree of phthisis, cancer of the stomach, Ac. DEGUSTA'TION, Degusta'tio, from de, and gustare, ' to taste.' Gustation. The appreciation of sapid qualities by the gustatory organs. DEICTICOS, Index. DEIRONCUS, Bronchocele. DEJECTEDNESS, Depression. DEJECTIO ALVI, Defecation — d. Alvina, Excrement. DEJECTION, from dejicere, dejectum, (de, and jacere,) 'to cast down.' Dejec'tio, Subdue'tio, Hypago'ge, Hypochore'sis, Hypecchore'sis, Apop'- atus, Hypop'atus, Hypoph'ora. The expulsion of the faeces ;—Ejec'tio, Eges'tio. Also, a faecal dis- charge or stool,—generally, however, with alvine prefixed,—as an alvine Dejection, Alvus vir'idis, Dejectio old'na. Also, depression of spirits. DEJECTIOXES NIGR.&, Melasna. DEJECTORIUM, Cathartic. DELACHRYMATIO, Epiphora. DELACIIRYMATIVUS, Apodacryticus. DELAPSIO, Prolapsus. DELAPSUS, Prolapsus—d. Palpebras, Blepha- roptosis. DELATIO, Indication. DEL A YANTS, Diluentia. DELCROIX'S DEPILATORY, see Depila- tory, Colley's. DELETE'RIOUS, Delete'rius, Pemicio'sus, (F.) Pernicieux, from SnXtur, 'I injure.' That which produces destructive disorder in the exer- cise and harmony of the functions. DELETERIUM, Poison. DELIGATIO, Deligation, Ligature, see Ban- dage. DELIGA'TION, Deliga'tio, Epidei'sis, Deli- gatu'ra, Vul'nerum deliga'tio, Fascia'rum Appli- ca'tio, Plaga'rum Vinctu'ra, Fascia'tio, from de- ligare, (de, and ligo,) ' to bind.' The deligation of wounds formerly embraced the application of apparatus, dressings, Ac, — the denomination Deliga'tor Plaga'rum being synonymous with Medicue Vulnera'rius, and in derivation, with the Wundarzt, ' wound physician' or surgeon, of the Germans. Deligation is hardly ever used now as an English word. In France, it is applied to the regular and methodical application of bandages, and to the ligature of arteries. DELIGATURA, Deligation. DELIQUES'CENT, Deliques'cens, from deli- quescere, (de, and liqueaeere,) 'to melt/ 'to dis- solve.' Any salt which becomes liquid by attract- ing moisture from the air. The deliquescent salts require to be kept in bottles, well stopped. Chloride of lime, acetate of potassa, and carbonate of potassa, are examples of such salts. The an- cient chemists expressed the condition of a body, which had become liquid in this manner, by the ivord Deliquium. DELIQUIUM ANIMI, Syncope. DELIRANS, Delirious. DELIRANT, Delirious. DELIRATIO, Delirium— d. Senum, see De- mentia. DEL IRE, Delirium — d. Crapuleux, Delirium tremens—d. Tremblant, Delirium tremens. DELIRIA, Insanity. DELIR'IOUS. Same etymon as Delirium. Deli'rana, Deli'rus, Excrebra'tus, Alloch'o'os, Alie'nns, Parale'rus, Raving. (F.) Deiirant. One who is in a state of delirium. That which is at- tended by delirium. The French use the term Pierre pernicieuse delirante for a febrile inter- mittent, in which delirium is the predominant symptom. DELIR'IUM, from de, 'from/ and lira, 'a ridge between two furrows :' Parac'ope, Phreni- tis, Phledonla, Desipien'tia, Aphros'yue, Para- lere'rna, Paralere'sis, Paralog"ia, Phanta'sia, Paraphros'yne, Emo'tio, Leros, Parana>'a, Al- loph'asis, Delira'tio, (F.) Deli re, Fgarcment d'esprit, Ac, Transport, Ideosynchysie. Stray- ing from the rules of reason; wandering of the mind. Hippocrates used the word pavia, mania, for delirium sine febre, and the Greek words given above for delirium cum febre. In different authors, also, we find the words, Paraph'ora, Pa- raph'x-otes, Paraphrene'sis,Paraphrenia,Pitrene'- sis, Phrcneti'asis, Ac, for different kinds of deli- rium. Delirium is usually symptomatic. Delirium Ebriositatis, D. tremens — d. Epi- leptic, see Epilepsy — d. Furiosum, Mania — d. Maniacum, Mania—d. Potatorum, D. tremens— d. Tremifaciens, D. tremens. Delirium Senile, see Dementia. Delirium Tremens, Ma'nia d Potx\, QZnoma'- nia, Ma'nia e temulen'tid, D. potato'rum, D. ebri- osita'tis, D. tremifa'ciens, D. vig"ilans, Erethis'- mns ebrioso'rum, Dipsoma'nia, Meningitis seu Phrenitis potato'rum, Tromoxna'nia, Tromopara- nce'a, Potoparanoc'a, Pototromoparano'a, (F.) Encephalopathie crapuleuse, Deli re tremblant, D. crapuleux, Folic des Ivrognes. A state of deli- rium and agitation, peculiar to those addicted to spirituous liquors, with great sleeplessness. It is preceded by indisposition, lassitude, watchful- ness, headach, and anorexia; the delirium and tremors most commonly recurring in paroxysms. It is caused by the habitual and intemperate use of ardent spirits or of opium or tobacco; or rather by,abandoning them after prolonged use. The treatment is various. Many have regarded sti- mulants, with large doses of opium to induce rest, to be indispensable. It is certain, however, that the expectant system will often, if not gene- rally, be successful; and, it is probable, a cure effected in this manner will be more permanent than when produced by excitants. DELIRUS, Delirious. DELITESCENCE, see Repercussion. DELITESCEXTIA, see Repercussion. DELIVRANCE, (F.) An expression, which, in common language, signifies the action of deli- vering, libera'tio, but in the practice of obstetrics, means the extrusion of the secundines, either spontaneously or by the efforts of art. This com- pletion of delivery—partus secunda'rius, secundi- na'ruxn expul'sio vel extrac'tio, is produced by the same laws as the expulsion of the foetus. Sometimes, the after-birth follows the child im- mediately ; at others, it is retained ; and requires manual interference to remove it. The following are the chief cases in which this becomes neces- sary. 1. Intimate adhesion between the placenta and paries of the uterus. 2. Spasmodic contrac- tion of the orifice of the uterus. 3. Hour-gla«s contraction. 4. Torpor or hemorrhage after the expulsion of the child, and,—5. Insertion of the placenta at the orifice of the uterus. DELIVERY, FALSE, False water. DELIVRE, Secundines. DELOCATIO, Luxatio. DELPHIN'IUM, from StXfig, or StXtpiv, 'a dolphin/ which the flowers resemble. D. con- sol' ida seu Seg"etnm seu ]-ersic'ulor, Calcitra'pa, Consol'ida Rcga'lis, Branching Larkspur; Stag DELPHYS 276 DENGUE gerweed. Family Ranuncubicese. Sea;. Syst. Polyandria Trigynia. (F.) Pied d'alouette des champs. It has been employed as a vermifuge. The flowers have been used in ophthalmia, and the seeds have the same property as those of Staveeacre. Delphinium Consolida, Delphinium — d. Se- getum, Delphinium. Delphin'ium Staphisa'gria. The systematic name of the Staves'acre, Staphisagria, Phtheiroc'- tonum, Phthelrium, Staphis, Pedicula'ria, (F.) Staphisaigre, Herbe aux Poux, Dauphinelle. The seeds have a disagreeable smell; a nauseous, bittei-L-h, hot taste; and are cathartic, emetic, and vermifuge: owing, however, to the violence of their operation, they are seldom given inter-' nally, and are chiefly used in powder, mixed with hair powder, to destroy lice. The active prin- ciple of this plant has been separated, and re- ceived the name Delphin'ia. It is extremely acrid, and has been recently used, like veratria, in tic douloureux, paralysis and rheumatism. It is used in the form of ointment, or in solution in alcohol, (gr. x to xxx, or more, to gj,) applied externally. Delphin.tjm Versicolor, Delphinium. DELPHYS, Uterus, Vulva. DELTA, Vulva. DELTIFORMIS, Deltoid. DELTOID, Deltoi'des, Delto'des, Deltdideus, Deltiform'is, from the Greek capital letter A, ScXra, and uSog, 'resemblance.' Sous-acx-omio- clavi-humeral of Dumas; Sus-acromio-hum4ral of Chaussier, A triangular muscle forming the fleshy part of the shoulder, and covering the shoulder-joint It extends from the outer third of the clavicle, from the acromion and spine of the scapula, to near the middle and outer part of the os humeri, where it is inserted by means of a strong tendon. This muscle raises the arm directly upwards, when th« shoulder is fixed, and carries it anteriorly or posteriorly, according to the direction of the fibres, which are thrown into action. If the arm be rendered immovable, the deltoid acts inversely and depresses the shoulder. DELUSION, Hallucination. DEM EL MUCA. A name giyen by Prosper Alpinus to a disease, which, he says, is proper to Egypt. He considers it to be inflammation of the brain; but others describe it as a pernicious intermittent. DEMAGNETIZATION, Demagnetise tio. The act of removing the condition of magneti- zation. DEMANGEAISON, Itching. DEMANUS, Acheir. DEMENCE, Dementia—d. Innee, Idiotism. DEMENTED, Insane. DEMEN'TIA, Amen'tia, Fatu'itas, Axice'a, Anoe'sia, Deuterance'a, Eence'a, Parance'o, Mo'- ria demens, Nodsthenla, Incohe'rency, Imbecil- ity, lueohe'rent Insanity; from de, 'from/ or 'out of/ and mens, 'mind/ or 'reason.' (F.) -De- mence, Re.tise. In common parlance, and even in legal language, this word is synonymous with insanity. Physicians, however, have applied it to those cases of unsound mind which are cha- racterized by a total loss of the faculty of 'bought, or by such an imbecility of intellect that the ideas are extremely incoherents there being at the same time a total loss of the power of rea- soning. Mania and melancholy are apt to end in this, if possible, more deplorable state. Dotage is the Dementia of the aged—Mo'ria demens lere'- ma, Lere'ma, Lere'sis, Lerus, Delira'tio Senum, Amen'tia Seni'lis, Pueril'itas, Delir'ium Senile, Anil'itos, Senile Insanity, Senile Dementia, In- sanity of the aged,—a form of moral insanity, in which the whole moral character of the individual is changed. , DEMI, Semi—d. Rain, Semicupium—d. Epi- Semi-spinalis colli — d. Epincnx du dos, Semi-spinalis dorsi — d. Gantelet, Gantelet—d. Interosseux du pouce, Flexor brevis pollicis me- nus— d. Lunaire, Semi-lunar—d. Membraneux, Semi-membranosus — d. Orbicularis, Orbicularis oris — d. Tendincux, Semi-tendinosus. DEMISSIO ANIMI, Depression. DEMISSOR, Catheter. DEMODEX FOLLICULORUM, (Snpog, 'lard/ and Sn%, ' a boring worm/) Acarus folliculorum. DEMONOMA'NIA, Dmmonomania, Theoma'- nia, Entheoma'nia, from Satpwv, ' demon/ a spirit of good or evil, and pavia, ' madness.' Religious insanity. A variety of madness, in which the person conceives himself possessed of devils, and is in continual dread of malignant spirits, the pains of hell, Ac. DEM'ONSTRATOR, from demonstrare, (de and monstrare,) 'to show;' 'exhibit.' One who exhibits. The index finger. Dem'onstrator of Anat'omy. One who ex- hibits the parts of the human body. A teacher of practical anatomy. DEMOTI'VUS LAPSUS, Repenti'na mors, from demovere, (de and movere,) 'to move off/ 'remove/ and lapsus, 'a fall.' Sudden death. DEMUL'CENTS, Demulcen'tia, Involven'tia, Obvolven'tia, Lubrican'tia, from demulcere, (de and mulcere,) 'to soothe/ 'to assuage.' (F.) Adoucissants. Medicines supposed to be capable of correcting certain acrid conditions imagined to exist in the humours. Substances of a muci- laginous or saccharine nature belong to this class. Demulcents may act directly on the pjirts with which they come in contact; but in other cases, ae in catarrh, their effect is produced by contigu- ous sympathy; the top of the larynx being soothed by them first, and indirectly the inflamed portion of the air-passages. In diseases of the urinary organs, they have no advantage over simple diluents. — See Diluents and Emollients. The following are the chief demulcents;—Acacias Gummi; Altheese Folia et Radix; Amygdalae; Amylum ; Avenas Farina.; Cera; Cetaceum ; Cy- donias Semina; Fucus Crispus; Glycyrrhiza; Hordeum; Lichen ; Linum ; Olivas Oleum ; Sas- safras Medulla; Sesamum; Sevum; Tragacantha, and Uknus. DEMUSCULA'TUS, from de, and musculus, ' a muscle.' (F.) Decharne. Emaciated, devoid of flesh. DEN.95US, Chronic DENA'RIUS; a Roman coin, equal in value to about 10 cents, or 8 pence English. It was marked with the letter X, to signify 10 asses. Also, the 7th part of the Roman ounce. DENDROLIBANUS, Rosmarinus. DENERVATIO, Aponeurosis. DEN'GUE, Dingee, Drtxiga, Dandy, Bouquet and Bucket Fever, Rheumatis'mus febri'lis, Scor- loti'xta rheumat'ica, Exanthe'sis arthro'sia, Plan- ta'ria, Febris ex anthem at'ica articula'ris, (F.) Gi- raffe, Erup'tive artic'ular fever, E. rhcumat'ic fever. A disease, which first appeared in the years 1827 and 1828, in the West Indies, and in the southern states of North America. It wa» ex- tremely violent in its symptoms, but not often fatal. It usually commenced with great languor, chilliness, and pain in the tendons about the smaller joints. To these symptoms succeeded burning heat and redness of the skin, pains in the muscles of the limbs or in the forehead, with vomiting or nausea. The fever continued for one, two or three days, and usually terminated by copious perspiration. In different places, it DENIACH 277 DENTIFRICE put on different appearances; but seems in all to have been a singular variety of rheumatic fever. The usual antiphlogistic treatment was adopted, and successfully. DENIACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. De- niach is a village in Swabia, at the entrance of the Black Forest. The waters contain carbonic acid, carbonate of iron, carbonate of lime, sul- phate of magnesia, and carbonate of soda. DEXTGRA'TIO, from denigrare, (de, and ni- aer;) 'to become black.' The act of becoming black, as in cases of sphacelus, sugillation, Ac. DENS, Tooth — d. Leonis, Leontodon taraxa- cum. Dens Pro'lifer. A term used by Bartholin for a supernumerary tooth, which appears to grow upon a primitive or parent tooth. DENT, Tooth — d. de Sagesse, see Dentition. DENTAGOGUM, Dentag'ra. DEX'TAGRA, Deritieeps, Dentar'paga, Denti- du'cum, Dentic'ulum, Dentago'gum, Denta'lis for- fex, Forfex denta'ria, Odonthar'paga, Odon'ta- gra, Odontago'gon, from dens, ' a tooth/ and aypa, 'a seizure.' (F.) Davier. A tooth-forceps. DEXTAL, Denta'lis, Denta'rius, Denta'tus, Denticula'tus, from dens, ' a tooth.' That which concerns the teeth. See Dentiformis. Dental Arches, (F.) Arcades dentaires, are the arches formed by the range of alveoli in each jaw. Dental Ar'teries are those arteries which nouiisii the teeth. They proceed from several sources. The teeth of the upper jaw, e. g., re- ceive their, arteries from the infraorbitar and superior alveolar, — themselves branches of the internal maxillary. The teeth of the lower jaw receive their branches from the inferior dental or inferior maxillary, which is given off by the internal maxillary, and runs through the dental canal, issuing at the mental foramen, after hav- ing given numerous ramifications to the teeth and jaw. Dental Canals, (F.) Conduits dentairea, Max' - illary canals. The bony canals, through which the vessels and nerves pass to the interior of the teeth. Dental Car'tilage, Cartila'go denta'lis. The cartilaginous elevation, divided by slight fissures, on the biting margins of the gums in infants, prior to dentition. It is a substitute for the teeth. Dental Cav'ity, (F.) Cavite dentaire. A ca- vity in the interior of the teeth in which is situate the dental pulp. Dental Fo\JijicijE.,Follic'ulus Dentis, Cap'sula dentis, (F.) Follicule dentaire. A membranous follicle, formed of a double lamina, in which the teeth are contained before they issue from the alveoli, and which, consequently, aids in the for- mation of the alveolo-dental periosteum, and of the membrane that envelops the pulp of tbe teeth. The dental follicles are lodged in the substance of the jaws. Dental Gangrene, Caries Den'tium, Odon- talg"ia cario'sa, Odontonecro'sis, Odontosphacel- isis, Odontosphacelis'mus, Necro'sis Den'tium, (F.) Carie des Dents. Gangrene or caries of the teeth. See Caries. Dental Nerves, (F.) Nerfs dentaires. Nerves which pass to the teeth. Those of the upper in- cisors and canine are furnished by the infra-or- bitar nerve, a branch of the superior maxillary; and those of the molares by the trunk of the same nerve. The teeth of the lower jaw receive the nerves from the inferior maxillary, which, as well as the superior maxillary, arises from the 5 th pair. Dental Pulp, Pulpa seu Nu'cleus seu Sub- atari tia pulpo'sa dentis, Germen denta'le, (F.) Pulpe dentaire. A pultaceous substance, of a reddish-gray colour, very soft and sensible, which fills the cavity of the teeth. It is well supplied with capillary vessels. Dental Surgeon, Dentist. Dental Veins have a similar distribution with the Rrt6ri6S« DENTALIS, Odontoid—d. Forfex, Dentagra. DENTA'LIUM, from dens, '■ a tooth/ the dog- like tooth shell. A genus of shells in the shape of a tooth. They formerly entered into several pharmaceutical preparations, but were useless ingredients; consisting—like shells in general— of carbonate of lime and gelatin. DENTARIA, Anthemis Pyrethrum, Plumbago Europasa. DENTARIUS, Dentist. DEXTARPAGA, Dentagra. DENTATA VERTEBRA, Axis. DENTATUS, Dental. DENTELARIA, Plumbago Europasa. DEN TELE ANTERIEUR PETIT, Pecto- ralis minor—d. Grand, Serratus magnus—d. Pos- tedeur et infedeur; petit, Serratus posticus infe- rior— d. Supedeur, petit, Serratus posticus su- perior. DEXTES, Teeth, see Tooth —d. Angulares, Canine teeth — d. Canini, Canine teeth — d. Cla- vales, Molar teeth—d. Columellares, Canine teeth —d. Ctenes, Incisive teeth—d. Cuspidati, Canine teeth—d. Dichasteres, Incisive teeth — d. Gela- sini, Incisive teeth — d. Gomphii, Molar teeth — d. Incisores, Incisive teeth—d. Lactei, see Denti- tion— d. Laniarii, Canine teeth — d. Maxillares, Molar teeth—d. Molares, Molar teeth — d. Mor- dentes, Canine teeth—d. Oculares, Canine teeth— d. Primores, Incisive teeth — d. Rasorii, Incisive teeth — d. Sapientiae, see Dentition — d. Serotini, see Dentition—d. Sophroretici, see Dentition—d. Sophronistae, see Dentition — d. Sophronisteres, see Dentition—d. Tomici, Incisive teeth. DENTICEPS, Dentagra. DENTICULA'TUM, (Ligamentum,) diminu- tive of dens, ' a tooth.' Ligamerltum denta'tum, Membra'na denta'to. A slender cord, situate be- tween the anterior and posterior fasciculi of the spinal nerves, and between the tunica arachnoi- dea and pia mater. It is attached to the dura mater, where that membrane issues from the cra- nium, and accompanies the spinal marrow to its inferior extremity. It sends off, from its outer edge, about twenty slender processes, in the form of denticuli, each of which passes outwards and connects itself with the dura mater in the inter- vals between the anterior and posterior roots of the nerves. DEXTICULATUS, Dental. DENTICULUM, Dentagra. DEXTICULUS, Crena. DEXTIDUCUM, Dentagra. DENTIER, (F.) from dens, 'a tooth.' Den- ture. A set or row of teeth, mounted on metal or ivory, to be adjusted to the alveolar margin. Dentiers are simple or double. To the latter, that is, to the full set, the name Rdteliere is given. DEX'TIFORM, Dentiform'is, from dens, 'a tooth,' and forma, ' form.' Resembling a tooth in shape. DENTIFORMIS, Odontoid. DEX'TIFRICE, Dent ifric" ium, Remed'iun: dentifrie"ium. Tooth powder, Tooth paste, Odon- totrim'ma, Odontosmeg'iua, from dens, 'a tooth, and fricure, 'to rub;' a name given to different powders and pastes proper for cleansing the ena- mel of the teeth, and removing tne tartar wbicr* covers them. Powdered bark and charco.'il, united to any acidulous salt—as cream of tartar —form one of the most common deitifrices. DENTINAL 278 DEOBSTRUENT Electuaire ou Opiate Dentifrice, of the Codex, consists of coral giv, cuttlefish bones and cinna- mon, aa gij, cochineal ^ss, honey 3[x, alum gr. iv or v. Poudre Dentifrice of the Parisian Codex is composed of Bole Armeniac, red coral, [prepared,] and cuttlefish bones, aa gvj, dragon's blood Siij, cochineal gj, cream o/ tartar gix, cinnamon gij, cloves, gr. xij, well mixed. Charcoal, finely powdered and mixed with chalk, forms as good a dentifrice as any. DEN'TINAL, Dentina'lis, from dens, 'a tooth.' Relating to the dentine of the teeth. DENTIXTE, see Tooth — d. Secondary, see Tooth. DENTISCAL'PIUM, from dens, 'a tooth/and scalpere, 'to scrape.' Odonto'glyphum. This word has been applied to the instrument used for scaling the teeth; to the tooth-pick, (F.) Cure-dent; and to the gum lancet,—the dichaue- soir of the French. DENT'IST, Dentis'ta, Odontia'ter, Denta'rius, Dental Surgeon, Surgeon-Dentist. One who de- votes himself to the study of the diseases of the teeth, and their treatment. DEN'TISTRY, Odontoteeh'ny, Odontiatrla, Odontotherapla, Dental Surgery. The art of the dentist. DENTITIO, Dentition—d. Diflicilis, Dysodon- tiasis. DENTIT"ION, Dentil'io, Dentltis, Odonto- phy'ia, Teething, Odonti'asis, Odonto'sis, from dentire, 'to breed teeth.' The exit of the teeth from the alveoli and gums; or rather the pheno- mena which characterize the different periods of their existence. The germs of the first teeth, dentes lac'tei or milk teeth, (F.) dens de lait, are visible in the foetus about the end of the second month; and they begin to be ossified from the end of the third to that of the sixth month. At birth, the corona of the incisors is formed, but that of the canine is not completed; and the tu- bercles of the molares are not yet all united. Gradually the fang becomes developed; and at about six or eight months begins what is com- monly called, the first dentil'ion, Odon'tia denti- tio'nis laetan'tium. The two middle incisors of the lower jaw commonly appear first; and, some time afterwards, those of the upper jaw; after- wards, the two lateral incisors of the lower jaw; and then those of the upper, followed by the four anterior molares : the canine or eye-teeth, at first, those of the lower, and, afterwards, those of the upper jaw, next appear; and, subsequently and successively, the first 4 molares — 2 above and 2 below, 1 on each side. The whole number of the primary, temporary, deciduous, shedding or milk-teeth, (dentes tempora'rii,) (F.) Dents de lait, is now 20. The eruption of the milk-teeth takes place, ap- proximately, in the following order: Central incisors........6th to 8th month. Lateral incisors........7th to 10th month. First molar............12th to 14th month. Canines...............15th to 20th month. Second molar..........20th to 30th month. The second dentition or shedding of the teeth, odon'tia dentitio'nis pxierllie, Dedentil'ion, be- gins about the age of 6 or 7. The germs or mem- branous follicles of these second teeth—to the number of 32—as well as the rudiments of the teeth themselves, are visible, even in the foetus, with the exception of those of the small molares, which do not appear till after birth. They are contained in alveoli of the same shape as those of the first dentition. Their ossification com- mences at from 3 to 6 months after birth, in the incisors and first molares; at eight or nine months, in the canine; about three years, in the molares, 3£ in the second great molares, and about 10 years in the last. As the alveolus of a new tooth becomes gradually augmented, the septum between it and that of the corresponding milk tooth is absorbed, and disappears. The root of the milk tooth is likewise absorbed; its corona becomes loose and falls out, and all the first teeth are gradually replaced by the permanent teeth, Den'tes serot'ini. This second dentition becomes necessary in consequence of the increased size of the jaws. The new teeth have neither the same direction nor the same shape as the old; and they are more numerous, amounting till the age of 25, (sooner or later,) to 28. About this period, a small molaris appears at the extremity of each jaw, which is called Dens sapien'tia or xvisdom tooth, Deris serot'inus, Dens sophroret'icus, D. sophronis'ta, D. sophroxiis'ter, (F.) Arriere- dent, Dent de sagesse, making the whole number of permanent teeth 32. The eruption of the permanent teeth is remark- able for its general regularity; so that it consti- tutes an important means for ascertaining the age of the individual during the early period of life. First molars.................7th year. Central incisors..............8th year. Lateral incisors..............9th year. First bicuspids..............10th year. Second bicuspids............11th year. Canines....................12th year. Second molars...............13th year. The teeth of the lower jaw precede by a few weeks those of the upper. During the period of dentition, that is, of the first dentition, the infant is especially liable to disease;—the irritation, produced by the pressure of the tooth on the superincumbent gum, some- times occasioning pyrexia, convulsions, diarrhoea, Ac, which symptoms are often strikingly relieved by a free division of the distended gum. This disordered condition is called Teething, Odon'tia dentitio'nis, Odonti'asis, Odontalgia dentitio'nis, Odaxis'mtts. DEXTITIS, Dentition. DENTIUM CORTEX, Enamel of the teeth— d. Dolor, Odontalgia—d. Nitor, Enamel of the teeth — d. Scalptura, (Lancing the gums,) seo Gum lancet—-d. Vacillantia, Odontoseisis. DENTO, from Dens, 'a tooth.' One whose teeth are prominent. DENTOIDEUS, Odontoid. DENTS BICUSPIDEES, Bicuspid teeth—d. Col des, Collum dentium — d. Condides, Canine teeth—d. de Lait, see Dentition—d. Mdchelilres, Molar teeth—d. Molaires, Molar teeth—d. Multi- cusjridees, Molar teeth, great—d. OZillieres, Ca- nine teeth. DENTURE, Dentier. DENUDA'TION, Denuda'tio, Gxjmno'sis, from denudare, (de, and xiudare,) 'to lay bare.' Con- dition of a part, deprived of its natural coverings, whether by wounds, gangrene, or abscess. It is particularly applied to the bones, when deprived of their periosteum, and to the teeth when they lose their enamel or dental substance. DEOB'STRUEXT, Deob'struexrs, Dcplrac'ti- cum, Deoppi'lons, Deoppilati'vxim, F<-j inn:'tic, from de, and obstrttere, (ob, and struere,) • to ob- struct.' (F.) Desobstruant, Deaobstractif, Desopi- latif, Desopilant. Medicines given with the view of removing any obstruction. The word corre- sponds to aperient, in its general, not in its par- DERODORIZER ticular sense. It is now almost abandoned, and, when used, conveys by no means definite ideas. DEODORIZER, Antibromic DEONTOL'OGY, Deontolog"ia; from ra Stovra, 'what is fitting or necessary/ and Xoyog, 'a de- scription.' A word introduced by Bentham to signify morals, or the science of duties. Med'ical Deontol'ogy, Deontolog"ia med'ica, (F.) Deontologie medicale, Medical ethics, Me- dical etiquette. The duties and rights of medical practitioners. DEOPPILATIVUM, Deobstruent. DEPASCENS, Phagedenic DEPAUPERATUS, Impoverished. DEPERDITIO, Abortion. DEPHRACTICUM, Deobstruent. DEPILATIF, Depilatory. DEPILATIO, Alopecia—d. Capitis, Calvities. DEPILA'TIOX, Depila'tio, Dropacis'mus, Ma- de'sis, Mad'isis, Psilo'sis, from de, and pilus, 'hair.' Loss of hair, either spontaneously or by art. DEP'ILATORYr, Depilato'rinm, Dropax, Psi- lo'thron, Eetillot'icus, Epilato'rium, (F.) Depila- toire, Depilatif. Any thing which causes the loss of the hair. Depilatories are, usually caustic applications, in which quicklime or some other alkaline substance, sulphuret of iron, Ac, enter. Depilatory, Collf.y's, seems to consist of quicklime and a portion of sulphuret of potassa. A pitch plaster, Pitch-cap, is sometimes used as a depilatory. It of course pulls the hair out by the roots. Delcroix's depilatory, and Plenck's depilatory, have a similar composition. DEPI'LIS, same etymon. Devoid of hair. Hairless. DEPLE'TIOX", Deple'tio, from depleo, 'I un- load.' The act of unloading the vessels, by blood-letting and the different evacuants. Also, inordinate evacuation. DEPLE'TORY, Depleting. Having relation to depletion:—as 'a depletory or deplctinq agent.' DEPLUMA'TIO, Ptilo'sis, from deplumis, (de and pluma,) ' without feathers.' A disease of the eyelids, in which they are swollen, and the eye- lashes fall out. See Madarosis. DEPOS'IT, Depos'itum, from depono, (de and pono, ' to lay or put/) ' to lay or put down.' (F.) Depot. Any thing laid or thrown down. In physiology and pathology, a structureless sub- stance, separated from the blood or other fluid, as the typhous, tuberculous, purulent, melanic, and diphtheritic deposits. Depos'it, Feculence. DEPOS'ITIVE, Depositi'vus, from deponere, (de and ponere,) to 'depose/ 'to put down.' An epithet used by Mr. Erasmus A\filson to express that condition of the membrane in which plastic lymph is exuded into the tissue of the derma, so as to give rise to the production of small hard elevations of the skin, or pimples. Under " de- positive inflammation of the derma," he comprises strophulus, lichen and prurigo. DEP(JT, Abscess, Sediment—d. Laiteuse sur la Cuisse, Phlegmatia dolens—d. de I'Urine, Se- diment of the urine. DEPRAVATION, Deprava'tio, from de and pravus, 'bad.' Perversion, corruption;—as de- pravation of the taste, Ac. DEPREHENSIO, Diagnosis, Epilepsy. DEPRES'SION, Depres'sio, Impres'sio, from deprimere, depreseum (de, and premere,) 'to de- press ;' Esphia'sis. In Anatomy, it means an excavation, hollow, or fossa. In Surgery, it is applied to a fracture of the cranium, in which the portions of fractured bone are forced inwards; (F.) Subgrondation, Entablement; called also, 9 DEPURATORY Cataplesis, Campsis Depres'sio, Thlasis Deprest- sio. Depression, (F.) Abaissement, means Couch- ing.—See Cataract. Depression also means dejection or dejectednesi —Ademon'ia, Aderno'syne, Demis'sio animi. DEPRESSOIRE, Meningophylax. DEPRESS'OR, (F.) Abaisseur. Same etymon. Several muscles have been so termed, because they depress the parts on which they act. Depressor Ala Nasi, D. la'bii superio'ris alaqxie nasi, Incisi'vus me'dius, Myrtifor'mis, Depressor Labii superio'ris pro'prius, Constricto'- res ala'rum nod ae depresso'res la'bii euperio'ris, 3Iaxillo-alve.oli-na.ial—part of the labialis, (Ch.,) (F.) Abaisseur de I'aile du nez. It arises from the superior maxillary bone immediately above the junction of the gums with the two incisor and canine teeth; and passes upwards to be in- serted into the upper lip and root of the ala nasi, which it pulls downwards. Depressor An'guli Oris, Triangula'de, De- pressor labio'rum commu'nis, Depressor labiorum, (F.) Sousmaxillo - labial, MaxillO -labial (Ch.), Abaisseur de I'angle des levres ou Muscle Trian- gulaire. A muscle, situate at the lower part of the face. Its form is triangular. It arises from the outer oblique line on the lower jawbone, and terminates in a point at the commissure of the lips, which it pulls downwards. Depressor La'bii Inferio'ris; Quadra'tus, Quadra'tus meriti, Depressor labii inferio'ris pro'- prius, — Mentonnier-labial, Mento-lobial (Ch.), (F.) Carre du Menton, Houppe du Menton, Abais- seur de la llvre infedeure. A small, thin, and quadrilateral muscle, which arises from the ex- ternal oblique line of the lower jaw, and ascends to the lower lip, where it becomes confounded with the orbicularis oris. It pulls the lower lip downwards and outwards. Depressor Labii Superioris Proprius, D. Alas nasi — d. Labiorum communis, D. Anguli oris—d. Oculi, Rectus inferior oculi. Depressor Pal'pebra Inferio'ris. A fleshy bundle, which forms part of the palpebrals muscle. Heister describes it separately, but it is not admitted now. DEPRESSORIUM, Meningophylax. DEPRIMEXS AURICULA, Retrahens auris — d. Maxillae biventer, Digastricus — d. Oculi, Rectus inferior oculi. DEPRIMENTIA, Sedatives. DEPURAN'TIA, from depurare, (de, and pu- rus,) 'to purify.' (F.) Depuratifs. Medicines were formerly so called, which were supposed to possess the property of removing, from the mass of blood or humours, those principles which dis- turbed their purity; and of directing them to- wards some one of the natural emunctories. The juices of what were called anti-scorbutic herbs, sulphur, and many other medicines, were ranked under this class. DEPURATIFS, Depurantia. DEPURA'TIOX, Depura'tio. Same etymon. Catharis'mos, Munda'tio. In Pathology, depura- tion has been used for the process by which na- ture purifies the animal economy, either by tho agency of some eruptive disease, or some sponta- neous evacuation, or by the assistance of medi cine. See Clarification, and Depuratory. DEPURATIVE, Depuratory. DEP'URATORY. Same etymon. Depurate rius, Depurative, That which causes depuration, as the urinary and cutaneous depurations. Ap- plied, also, to diseases, which have been consi- dered capable of modifying the constitution aa- vantageously, by acting on the composition of the fluids — such as certair- eruptions, intermit. 27 DERADEN 280 DERONCUS lents, Ac. The word is, also, appropriated to medicines and diet, by which the same effect is nought to be induced. DER'ADEX, from ScpYi, 'the neck/ and aSnv, ' a gland.' A gland in the neck. DERADENI'TIS, from Sipn, 'neck;' aSnv, 'a gland;' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- flammation of the glands of the neck. DERADENOX'CUS, from Stpn, 'the neck/ aSnv, ' a gland/ and oyxog, ' a swelling.' Tume- faction of the glands of the neck. DERANENCEPHA'LIA, from Stpn, 'neck/ and anencephalia, ' absence of brain.' A mon- strosity in which only a small portion of the brain exists, resting on the cervical vertebras — more properly derencepha'lia. DERANGED, Insane. DERANGEMEXT, Insanity. DERBIA, Impetigo. DEREXCEPHALIA, Deranencephalia. DERENCEPH'ALUS, from Stpn, 'the neck/ and KtipaXn, ' head.' A monster whose brain is in the neck.—G. St. Hilaire. DERIS, Cutis. DERIVANS, Derivative. DERIVATIF, Derivative. DERIVA'TION, Deriva'tio, Deflec'tio, Paro- cheteu'sis, Antilep'sis, Antis'pasis, Revulsion, Cura derivati'va seu revulso'ria, from de, and rivus, -' a river.' AVhen a ' centre of fluxion' is established in a part, for the purpose of abstract- ing the excited vital manifestations from some other, a derivation is operated. The term Derivation has likewise been ap- plied to the suction power .of the heart, — an agency in the circulation of the blood. DERIVATIVE, Deflec'tens, Deri'vans, Deri- vato'rius, from derivare, ' to drain off.' Antis- pas'ticus, Revel'lent, Revulsive, Revulsi'vas, Re- vuleo'rius, (F.)Derivattf, RSvulsif. Same etymon. A remedy, which by producing a modified action in some organ or texture derives from the morbid condition of some other organ or texture. Re- vellents are amongst the most important reme- dies : they include, indeed, every physical and moral agent, which is capable of modifying the function of innervation, and therefore almost every article of the materia medica. The follow- ing is a list of the chief local Derivatives. 1. Epispastics. — Acidum Aceticum, Acidum Nitricum, Acidum Sulphuricum, Allium, Ammo- nia, Ammoniacum, Asafoetida, Cantharis, Capsi- cum, Galbanum, Olea Essentialia, Pix Abietis, Sinapis, Caloric, Friction. 2. Vesicants.—Ammonia,.Argenti Nitras, Can- tharis, Cantharis Vittata, Hydrargyri lodidum rubrum, Banuncuius, Sinapis, Caloric. 3. Suppurants. — Acida Mineralia, Antimonii et Potassas Tartras, Cantharis, Mezereum, Pix Abietis, Sabina, Tiglii Oleum, Fonticulus, Seta- ceum. 4. — Escharotics. — A. Erodents. — Acidum Aceticum, Acida Mineralia, Alumen Exsiccatum, Argenti Nitras, Cupri Sub-Acetas, Cupri Sulphas, Sabina, SacchaTum Purissimum.— B. Actual Cauterants. — Caloric, "White Hot Iron, Moxa.— C. Potential Cauterants.—Acidum Arseniosum, Acidum Nitricum, Acidum Sulphuricum, Anti- monii Murias, Argenti Nitras, Calx, Potassa, Potassa cum Calce, Zinci Chloridum. DERIVATORIUS, Derivative. DERMA, Cutis. DERMAD, see Dermal Aspect. DERMAL, Dermic, Derma'lis, Der'micus, from itpua, 'the skim' Relating or belonging to the skLz. Dermal Aspect. An aspect towards the skin or external surface.—Barclay. Derm ad is used adverbially by the same writer to signify 'to- wards the dermal aspect.' DERMAL'GIA, Derrnatal'gia, Dermatodyn'ia, from Stppa, 'the skin/ and aXyog, 'pain.' Pain in the skin. Neuralgia of the skin. Rheumatic Dermolgia or Rheumatism of the skin is a form of neuralgia, which is referred, at times, to the nervous trunks, muscles, Ac, but appeai-s to be seated in the cutaneous nerves. DERMATAGRA, Pellagra, DERMATALGTA, Dermalgia. DEHMATAUXE, Dermatophyma. DERMATIATRI'A, from Stppa, 'skin/ and tarptia, ' healing.' Healing of cutaneous diseases. The treatment of diseases of the skin. Diader- miatri'a, Dermatocrati'a. DERMATITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflam- mation. DERMATOCHOLOSIS, Icterus. DERMATOCHYSIS, Anasarca. DERAIATOCRATIA, see Dermatiatria. DERMATODES. Dermatoid. DERMATODYXIA, Dermalgia. DER'MATOID, Dermatol des, Dermato'des, Dermol des, Dermo'des, Dermoid, from Sippa, 'the skin/ and tiSog, 'form.' That which is similar to the skin. This name is given to different tis- sues, which resemble the skin. The dura mater has been so called by some. Morbi dermato'des, chronic cutaneous diseases. DERMATOL'OGY, Dermatolog"ia, Dermol'. ogy, from Stppa, ' the skin/ and Xoyog, ' a dis- course.' A discourse or treatise of the skin. DERMATOPATHIA, Cutaneous disease. DERMATOPERISCLERISMUS, Induration of the cellular tissue. DERMATOPERISCLEROSIS, Induration of the cellular tissue. DERMATOPHY'MA, Derwatoi(.T'«, from Jtp^a, ' skin,' and ipvpa, ' tumour.' A tumefaction of the skin.' DERMATOPHYMATA VENEREA, Condy- lomata. DERMATORRIIAG"IA, Dermatorrhce'a, from Stppa, ' skin/ and payn, ' rupture.' A discharge of blood from the skin. DERMATORRHCEA, Dermatorrhagia. DERMATOSCLEROSIS, Callosity. DERMATOSES, Cutaneous diseases. DERMAT0S1ES VEROLEUSES, Syphi- DERMATOSPASMUS, Horrida cutis. DERMATOTYLOMA, Callosity. DERMATOTYLOSIS, Callosity. DERMATOTYLUS, Callosity. DERMIC, Der'micus, Dermat'icus, Dermati- nus, Dermatic, Dermal, Derma'lis; from Stppa, ' skin.' Relating to the skin. DERMITIS, Cytitis. DERMODES, Dermatoid. DERMOG'RAPHY,i)e™o<7m/>7i'ia,fromr5Wa, 'the skin/ and ypaip 'a ligament/ and itis, denoting in- flammation. Inflammation of ligaments. DESMOCHAUNO'SIS, from Stapog 'ligament/ and yauvwtris, 'relaxation.' Relaxation of an ar- ticular ligament. DESMODYN'IA, from Stapn, 'ligament/ and oSwn, 'pain.' Pain in the ligaments. DESMOG'RAPHY, Desmograph'ia, from Sttr-\ p->g, ' a ligament/ and ypaipn, ' a description.' An anatomical description of the ligaments. DESMOID TISSUE, from Stapog, 'a ligament/ and tiSog, 'shape.') Ligamen'toua Tissue, Textus desmo'sus. This tissue is very generally diffused over the human body; has a very close connexion with the areolar tissue, and is continuous with it in divers places. It constitutes the ligaments, aponeuroses, Ac. DESMOL'OGY, Desmolog"ia, from Stapog, 'a ligament/ and Xoyog, 'a discourse/ 'a treatise.' That part of anatomy which describes the liga- ments. DESMOPHLOGTA, Desmitis. DESMORRHEX'IS, from Stapog, 'a ligament,' and pn^ii, 'rupture.' Rupture of an articular ligament. DESMOS, Ligament. DESMOSUS, Ligamentous. DESM0T'011Y,>*mo/r,m'ia, from Srr.nog, 'a Ij -am-ont/ and rtuvctv, ' to cut.' The part of anatomy which teaches the mode of dissecting the ligaments. DfiSOBSTRUANT, Deobstruent. DESOBSTRUCTIF, Deobstruent DESOPILATIF, Deobstruent. DISORGANISATION, Disorganization. DESOXYGENESES, from de, and oxygen. M. Baumes includes under this title an order of diseases, which he considers dependent upon a diminution in the quantity of the oxygen neces- sary for the animal economy. DESPOTATS, (F.) Infirm soldiers, formerly charged with the office of removing the wounded from the field of battle : perhaps from desporta'- tor, ' one who bears away.' The class of Despo- tata was introduced by Leo VI., at the commence- ment of the 9th century. DESPUMA'TIOX, Despuma'tio, Apaphris'mos, Epaphris'moa, from desptmare, (de, and spuma,) 'to skin?' 'to remove the froth.' The separation of the lioth and other impurities, which rise, by the action of the fire, to the surface of any fluid. DESQUAMATION, Desqnama'tio Cutis, Ec- lep'isis, Aposyr'ma, Apolep'isis, Apolepis'mus, Moulting, from desquamare, (de, and squama, 'a scale/) ' to scale off.' Exfoliation, or separation of the epidermis, in the form of scales, of a greater or less size. This affection is a common conse- quence of exanthematous diseases. DESQUAMATORIUS, Exfoliative. DESSECHEMENT, Atrophy, Draining. DESSICATIFS, Desicativa. DESTILLATIO, Coryza, Distillation—d. Pec- toris, Catarrh. DESTRUCTIO, Diaphthora. DESUDA'TIO, Ephidro'sis, Sndam'ina, Hi- dre'a,from desudare, (de, and sudare, 'to sweat.') Desadation means a profuse and inordinate sweat- ing, a mucksweat; but, most commonly, the term is applied to an eruption of small pimples, similar to millet seed, which appears chiefly on children, and is owing to want of cleanliness. DESYMPHYSER, see Symphyseotomy. DETENTIO, Catalepsy. DETERGEXS, Abstergent. DETER'GEXTS, from detergere, (de, and ter- gere, 'to clean/) 'to cleanse.' Detex-gen'tia, De- terso'ria, Extergen'tia, Abstergen'tia, Abstersi'va, Absterso'ria, Abluen'tia, Traumatica, Smec'- tica, Emundan'tia, Mundificati'va, Mundificarl- tia, Rhyp'tica, Abster'sives, (F.) Detersifs, Mundi- ficatifs. Medicines, which possess the power to deterge or cleanse parts, as wounds, ulcers, Ac. They belong to the class of stimulants, or to that of emollients. DETERMINATION, DeterminaHio, from de, and terminus, ' a boundary.' Strong direction to a given point; — as 'a determination of blood to the head.' DETERSIFS, Detergents. DETERSORIA, Detergents. DETERSO'RIUM, from detergere, 'to cleanse.' The place, in ancient bathing establishments^ where the bather was cleansed and dried. DETESTATIO, Castratio. DETORSE, Sprain. DETRACTIO SANGUINIS, Bloodletting. DETRITUS, from detercre, (de, and terere,) 'to bruise or wear out' The residuum, occupying the place of the organic texture of parts which have undergone disorganization. DETROIT ABDOMINALE, Pelvis (brim)— (I. Infedetii; Pelvis (outlet) — d. Perineal, Pelvis (outlet)—d. Sapedeur, Pelvis (brim.) DETRONCATION, Detruncatio. DETRUNCATION, Dctrunca'tio, (F.) Detron,- cation, from de, and truneus, ' a trunk.' S'epara- DETRUSION 282 DIABETES tion of the trunk from the head of the foetus, the latter remaining in the uterus. DETRU'SIOXT, Detru'sio; same etymon as the next. The act of thrusting or forcing down or away. Applied by Dr. AValshe to lateral displace- ment of the heart by extraneous pressure. DETRU'SOR URPN.E, Protru'sor, from de- trudere, (de, and trudere,) 'to thrust down or from.' The muscular coat of the urinary bladder was formerly so called. It was, also, named Constrictor Vesica Urina'ria. DETUMESCENCE (F.), Detumescen'tia, from detumere, (de, and tumere,) 'to cease to swell.' A diminution of swelling. This word has nearly the same signification as the French ■word Desen- flure. The latter is, however, more particularly applied to the diminution of oedema or anasarca; the former, to the resolution of a tumour properly 60 called. DEUNX. The ancient name of a weight of 11 Ounces, supposing the pound to consist of 12. DEUREXTS (FEBRIS,) Causus. DEUS COPULATIONIS, Cupido. DEUTERANCSA, Dementia. DEUTERI'A, from Stvrtpog, 'the second.' Vo- gel has used this term for the symptoms produced by retention of the secundines. The word was also applied, by the Greeks, to a second or infe- rior wine. DEUTERION, Secundines. DEUTEROPATHI'A, Hysteropathi'a, Morbus eeeunda'rius, from Stvrtpog, 'the second/ and iraSog, ' disease.' A secondary disease. One pro- duced by another, and of which it is only, in some measure, symptomatic, or the sympathetic effect. DEUTEROS'COPY, Deuteroscop'ia, from Stv- rtpog, ' the second/ and axoirtto, ' I view.' Se- cond sight. A fancied power of seeing future things or events. DEUTO, Stvrtpog, 'second.' A prefix denoting two, or double,—as deutoxide, having two degrees of oxidation. DEVEL'OPMENT, Evolu'tio, from (F.) dive- lopper, 'to unfold.' In Physiology, it means growth or increase; and in Pathology, its signi- fication is similar. By development of the pulse, e. g. is understood an increase in its strength and fulness. Diseases of development, Morbi evolu- tio'xiis, are such as are peculiar to the period of growth. ' Taking Developments.' A term used by practical craniologists to signify the act of mea- suring prominences of the skull, which are re- garded by them as indicating the size of corre- sponding cerebral organs. Development, Vesicle of, see Vesicle of De- velopment. DEVERTICULUM, Diverticulum. DEVIATION, Devia'tio, from de, 'from/ and via, ' the way.' Out of the way. By this word is meant — a vicious curvature of the spine or other bones ; — faulty direction of the teeth or other part; — the passage of blood, bile, urine, milk, Ac, into vessels not natural to them. DEVIATION DES REGIES, Menstruation (vicarious.) DEVIL IN A BUSH, Nigella—d. Bit, Vera- trum viride. DEVIL'S BIT, Aletris farinosa, Scabiosa suc- sisa. Chamaslirium luteum — d. Bite, Liatris — d. Dung, Asafoetida—d. Shoestrings, Galega Virgi- niana. DEVIRGINATIO, Defloration, Stuprum. DE VOIEMENT, Diarrhoea. DEWBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus casing —d. Plant, Rubus ca;sius. DEAVCLAWS, Crusta genu equinse. DEXIS, Degmus. DEXOCAR'DIA, from Stfag, 'right/ and xap- Sia, ' the heart' A case in which the heart ia found to beat on the right side. It is met with occasionally in pleurisy and pneumothorax. DEXTANS. A weight of 10 ounces, suppos- ing the pound to consist of 12. DEXTERINA, Dextrine. DEXTRAD, from dexter, 'right-handed.' A term used adverbially by Dr. Barclay to signify 'towards the dextral aspect' See Mesial. Dextral Aspect, see Mesial. DEXTRAL'ITY, from dexter, 'right.' The state of being on the right side. Rigbt-handed- ness. The state of being right-handed. DEXTRIN, Dextrine, Dextri'num, Dexteri'na, Pritish gum, from dexter, 'right-handed.' So called, from its refracting the rays, in the polari- zation of light, more to the right hand than any substance known. A substance obtained by the continued action of diluted sulphuric acid upon starch at the boiling point It is used in the treatment of fractures, by the ' immovable appa- ratus.' The bandages are soaked in a solution, in water, of the dextrine — previously moistened thoroughly with tincture of camphor, to prevent it from leaking when the water is added. The solution should be of the consistence of molasses. DEXTRINUM, Dextrine. DI, St, Sig, 'bis, twice, double.' Hence, Dicro- tus, Digastricus, Ac DIA, Sia, in composition, 'through, asunder, out of, separated.' When prefixed to any thera- peutical agent, it meant, in ancient pharmacy, a preparation into which that agent entered. DIABEJBOS, Astragalus, Malleolus. DIAEETE, Diabetes—d. Chyleux, Chyluria— d. Faux, see Diabetes—d. Insipide, see Diabetes —d. Sucre, Diabetes (mellitus.) DIABETES, from Sia, 'through/ and faivo, 'I pass.' Uri'na proflu'vium, Hyperdiure'eie, Sipho uri'na, Urorrhag"ia, Polyxlria, Hydrops ad mat'ulam, H. Matel'la, Polyure'sis, Uroze'mia, Ureorrhce'a, Dip'sacos, Diarrhoz'a in Urind, D. urino'sa, (F.) Diabete, Flux d'Urine. A disease, characterized by great augmentation and often manifest alteration in the secretion of urine; with excessive thirst, and progressive emaciation. Cul- len has described two species : —Diabetes insip'- idus and D. Mellitus; the former, (F.) Diablte faux ou insipide, Diabete, being, simply, a super- abundant discharge of limpid urine, of its usual, urinary taste: the latter, D. Mellitus, called, also, Paru'ria Melllta, Diabetes An'glicus, D. verus, tMelitu'ria, Glucosu'ria, Glycyrrhce'a urino'sa, Uroze'mia melllta, Saccharorrhce'a urino'sa, Phthisu'ria, Uro-phthi'sis, Tabes dixiret'ica seu diabe'tica, Dyspep'sia saccharig"ena, Apoceno'- sis Diabetes Mellitus, Sac'charine diabetes, (F.) Diabete sucrc, Hyperurorrhe.e saccharine, Phthi- surie sucree, — falls under the definition given above. The quantity of urine, discharged in the 24 hours, is sometimes excessive, amounting to 30 pints and upwards; each pint containing sometimes 2J oz. saccharine matter. This re- places the urea, which is not found in quantity in the urine of those labouring under diabetes. AVhere the disease is situate is not clear. The whole system of nutrition, however, seems to be morbidly implicated. A part of the urine must be formed at the expense of the system, as the egesta frequently far exceed the Eolid and liquid ingesta. On dissection, no morbid appearance is met with, sufficient to enable us to fix on the seat of this distressing affection. DIABETIC 283 DLERESLS All the remedies that have been tried have usually been found insufficient in D. Mellitus. D. insip'idus, Hyperure'sis aquo'sa, Hydru'ria, Hydrure'sis, P aril ria incori'tinens aquo'sa, Dia- be'tes spu'rius, Urorrhce'a, U'real Diabetes, (F.) Polyurie, Hyperurrorrhee, Diabete insipide, Faux diabete, which occurs in hysterical habits, and has, hence, been called D. hystericus, is of com- paratively trifling moment. Exclusive diet, and attention to the state of the cutaneous transpira- tion, which have sometimes produced good effects in D. Mellitus, have most commonly failed. Diabetes Anglicus, see Diabetes — d. Chylo- sus, Chyluria — d. Insipidus, see Diabetes — d. Lactea, Chyluria—d. Mellitus, see Diabetes—d. Spurius, see Diabetes — d. Ureal, see Diabetes— d. Arerus, Diabetes (mellitus.) DIABET'IC, Diabe'ticus. Same etymon. Re- lating to diabetes. Diabetic Sugar, Glucose. DIABOT'ANUM, from Sia, and (3oravv, 'an herb.' A medicine, prepared with herbs.—Galen. DIABROSIS, Erosion, Corrosion. DIABROTICUS, from Sia, and (Spwaxw, T eat or corrode.' A substance, capable of causing ero- sion of the part to which it is applied. It ordina- rily means a medicine, whose activity places it between escharotics and caustics. See Corrosive. DIACAR'YON, from Sia, and xapvov, 'a'nut' Rob nucum. The rob of nuts or of walnuts. DIACASSIA CUM MANNA, Confectio cassias. DIACATHOL'ICON, Diacathol'ieum, from Sta, and xaSoXixog, ' universal.' The name of a purge, so called from its general usefulness. It was an electuary, and composed of the pulp of cassia, tamarinds, leavea of senna, root of polypody, flow- era of the violet, rhubarb root, aniseed, sugar, liquorice, and fennel. DIACAU'SIS, from Staxavw, 'I burn.' Exces- tive heat. Over-heating. DIACAUST'IC, Diacaust'icus. Same etymon. That which is caustic by refraction ; as a double convex lens, which has been sometimes used for cauterizing an ulcer by directing the sun's rays upon it. DIACELTATESSON PARACELSI, Pulvis Cornachini. DIACHALA'SIS, from SiaxaXauv, 'to be open or relaxed." Hippocrates uses this word for frac- ture of the bones of the skull; or for relaxation and separation of the sutures, in consequence of a wound of the head.—Hippocrates. DIACHALCIT'EOS, from Sta, and xaA« ' ^ae band.' The preparation, administration, and dispensing of medicines.—Hippocrates. DIACHORE'MA, Diachore'sis, from Siaxorptto, 'I separate from.' Every kind of excreted mat- ter and excretion; but more particularly the faeces and alvine excretion. — Foesius, Gorrasus. See Excrement. Diachorema Xysmatodes, see Ramenta intes- tinorum. DIACHORESIS, Excretion. DIACHRISIS, Inunction. DIACHRIST'A, from Sia, and x°lu>> 'I anoint' Medicines, applied as abstergents to the velum palati, the palate itself, the tongue, Ac. Pro- bably gargles.—Paulus of ^Egina. DIACH'YLON, Diach'ylum, Emplas'trum di- uch'ylon, from Sia, and j^uAoj, 'juice;' i. e. com- posed of juices. The plaster of this name was formerly made of certain juices. The term is now confined to the Emplastrum Plumbi or Lead Plaster. Diachylon cum Gummi, Emplastrum gummo- sum—d. Gomme, Emplastrum cum gumnii-resin.'S —d. Gum, Emplastrum gummosum—d. Mn.gnum cum gummi, Emplastrum galbani comp.—d. Sim- plex, Emplastrum plumbi—d.AY'hite, Emplastrum plumbi—d. Yellow, Emplastrum gummosum. DIACHYT'ICA, from Sia, and X™, 'I pour out' Medicines which discuss tumours. DIACINE'MA, from Sta, and xivtw, ' I move.' A slight dislocation. — Celsus, Galen. A sub- luxation. DIACLASIS, Refraction. DIACLY'SIS, Diaclys'mus, from Sia, and kXv- £av, ' to wash out' Rinsing or cleansing—espe- cially of the mouth. DIACLYSMA, Gargarism. DIACOCCYMELON, Diaprunum. DIACODION, Syrupus papaveris. DIACO'DIUM, Confec'tioex Capit'ibus Papav'- eris, from Sia, and xwSia, 'a poppyhead.' ^(F.) Diacode. The ancients had various forms for preparing it. The Syrup of Poppies—Syr'upus Papav'eris seu Diaco'dion — is now substituted for it. -DIACOPE, Abscission, Dissection, Intersection. Diac'ope, En'cope, from Sia, and xoirrtiv, 'to cut' A cut, incision, fissure, or longitudinal fracture. AVhen used, since Galen, it generally signifies an oblique incision, made in the cranium by a sharp instrument, without the piece being removed. It is not now employed. Diac'ope' Cra'nii, Prmcis'io seu Dissec'tio Cra'nii. Opening the head; and separation of the bones of the cranium. DIACOPRjE'GIA, from Sia, xoirpog, 'excre- ment/ and ail, aiyog, ' a goat.' A name given, in Blancard's Lexicon, to a medicine, composed of goat's dung, which the ancients praised in dis- eases of the spleen, parotids, Ac. DIACRISES, from Sia, and xptvor, 'I separate.' A class of diseases characterized by alterations of secretion.—Gendrin. DIACRIT'ICA SIG'NA. Same etymon. Signs by which one disease can be accurately discriminated from another:—differencial diag- nosis. DIACYDONITES, Cydoniatum. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA, Geoffrasa vermifuga. DIALE'MA, Fascia cap'itis, Red imic'ulum, from SiaStw, (Sta, and Sttv, ' to bind.') ' I sur- round.' A sort of bandage ; advised in headach, in which relaxation of the sutures was appre- hended.—Forestus. DIADEX'IS, Diad'oche, Metatopto'sis, from SiaStxopai, (Sta, and Stxopai, 'to take or receive.') ' I transfer/ ' I succeed to.' A transformation of a disease into another, differing from the former both in its nature and seat DIADOCHE, Diadexis. DIAD'OSIS, from SiaStSwpt, 'to distribute.' In some authors, it means the distribution of nutritive matter over the whole body,—in other words, nutrition ; whilst, in others, it is synony- mous with the remission or cessation of a disease DliEDCE'US, from St, 'double/ and atSota, 'tho parts of generation.' A monster whose organs of generation and urinary bladder are double. It has only been observed in animals. DI^E'RESIS, from Statptw, (Sta, and atptax, *'I take away/) ' I divide/ ' I separate.' A division or solution of continuity. A surgical operation. DLERETICUS 284 DIAPHRAGM which consists in dividing any part of the body. Hamorrhag"ia per dia'resin is hemorrhage ow- ing to separation or division of vessels. Diuresis Ungula, Onychoptosis. DIURETIC US, Caustic DI^ETA, Diet—d. Lactea, Galactodiasta. DI/ETE'MA has the same signification as diet, with most authors. Galen gives it a more extensive meaning, comprising, under it, what constitutes Hvgiene. DliETETICA, Dietetics. DIAGNOSE, Diagnosticate. DIAGNO'SIS, Digno'tio, Diagnos'tice, Depre- hen'sio, from Sta, and ytvoaxti), ' I know.' Discri- mination, (F.) Diagnose, Diagnostique. That part of medicine whose object is the discrimination of diseases, the knowledge of the pathognomonic signs of each. It is one of the most important branches of general pathology. Diagnosis, Differential, see Diacritica signa. DIAGNOSTIC, Discretlvus, Diagnos'ticus ; same etymon. A symptom which is characteris- tic of a disease. DIAGNOS' TICATE, — sometimes diagnose. To discriminate one disease or phenomenon from another. DIAGRYDIUM, Convolvulus scammonia. Diagryd'ium Cydonia'tum, from diagrydium, 'scammony,' and cydonium, 'quince.' A phar- maceutical preparation, obtained by inspissating and drying, by means of heat, two parts of scam- mony and one of quince juice. It was formerly used as an energetic purgative. Diagryd'ium Glycyrrhiza'tum. An analo- gous preparation, containing extract of liquorice in place of quince juice. Diagryd'ium Sulphura'tum. Scammony, which has been exposed to the vapour of burning sulphur. These diagrydia are not now used. DIALEIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermission. DIALEIPYRA, Intermittent fever. DIALEMMA, Apyrexia. DIALEP'SIS, Intercep'tio, from StaXap(3avu>, 'I intercept'—Hippocrates employs this word for the interstices, or intervals, left between the turns of a bandage. DIALIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermissio. DIAL'YSIS, Dissolxt'tio, from Sia, and Xv<7i?, 'solution.' A dissolution or loss of strength. Resolu'tio vir'ium. AVeakness of the limbs. Also, a solution of continuity. DIAMANT, Diamond. DIAMASTEMA, Masticatory. DIAM'BRA SPE'CIES. A name given by the ancients to powders, one of which bore the name — Spe'cies diam'bra sine odora'tis,—the other, that of Spe'cies diam'bra cum odora'tis. The former was composed of cinnamon, angelica root, cloves, mace, nutmeg, galanga, cardamom, and numerous other substances; the latter, be- sides, had ambergris and musk. These powders were used as tonics, in cases of debility of the Stomach, and in certain nervous affections. DIAMXES, Enuresis. DIAMOND, Ad'amas, from a, privative, and Sapaw, T conquer.' 'Invincible;' (F.) Diamant. So called from its hardness. It is the most pre- cious of all stones, and was formerly conceived to possess extraordinary cordial virtues. DIAMO'RUM, Rob ex mods, from Sia, and utooav. 'a mulberry.' An ancient syrup prepared With honey and mulberry juice. It was em- ployed as a gargle in sore throat.—Galen. DIAMOTO'SIS, from porog, 'charpie/ 'lint' The introduction of lint into an uleer or wound. DIANA, Argentum. DIANANCAS'MUS, from Sia, and avayxafr, 'I force.' Coaptation, reduction of a fractured or luxated limb. DIANOEMA, Imagination. DIANTHUS CARYOPHYL'LUS, from Aij, 'Jove.'(F) av&og, 'flower/ and caryophyllum, 'the clove.' Clove Pink. Also called Caryo- phyllum rubrum, Tu'nica, Tu'nica hortcn'aia, T. rubra, Caryophyl'lus horten'sis, Clove July flower, Gil'lifloxcer, Carna'tion. Order, Caryophylleas. (F.) (Eillet girofl.ee. The flowers were once much used; but are now only employed in syrup, as a useful and pleasant vehicle for other medicines. DIAPAL'MA, Phcenic"ium Emplas'trum. A plaster composed of equal parts of litharge, olive oil, axunge, xvater, a certain quantity of sulphate of zinc dissolved in water, and white xvax. It is classed amongst the topical, desiccative, emol- lient, resolvent, detersive, and cicatrizing medi- cines. Mixed with a quarter of its weight of olive oil, it acquires the consistence of an oint- ment, and forms the Cerate of Diapal'ma. DIAPASMA, Catapasma, DIAPEDE'SIS, Transuda'tio, Persuda'tio, Persulta'tio, from StairnSaur, 'I leap through.' Exhalation, as of blood, in the form of dew, at the surface of the skin, or of any membrane; Sweating of blood, (F.) Sueur de Sang, Hamor- rhag"ia per diapede'sin, Hmmatopede'sis, Hmmi- dro'sis. DIAPENSIA CORTUSA, Sanicula. DIAPEXTES or DIAPEXTE, from Sia, and irtvrn, ' five.' A medicine composed of five in- gredients. See Diatessaron. DIAPHGE'XICON, Diaphce'nix, Mcdicamen'- tum ex Pal'mulis, from Sia, and ipoivt^, ' a date.' A drastic electuary,, of which the date was the chief excipient DIAPHORE'SIS, from hatpopcte, (Sia, and tpoptur, ' I convey/) ' I dissipate.' A greater de- gree of perspiration than natural, but less than in sweating. Every kind of cutaneous evacuation. DIAPHORET'IC. Same etymon; Diapno'- icxts, Diaphoret'icus. A medicine which excites diaphoresis. Diaphoretics are very uncertain as a class. The following is a list of the most re- puted:—Ammoniae Acetatis Liquor; Ammonias Carbonas; Antimonialis pulvis; Antimonii et Potassae Tartras; Antimonii Sulphuretum pras- cipitatum ; Asclepias tuberosa; Camphora; Con- trayerva ; Dulcamara; Eupatorium perfoliatum; Guaiaci Lignum; Guaiacum; Ipecacuanha; Me- zereum ; Opium, and its active principle Mor- phia; Sarsaparilla; Sassafras; Serpentaria; Spi- ritus A5theris Nitrici; Sulphur; Xanthoxylum; Caloric; Exercise, (active;) and Friction. The epithet Diaphoretic has also been given, by some, to continued fever, accompanied with constant perspiration. Diaphoretic, Mineral, Antimonium diapho- reticum. DIAPHORETICUM JOVIALE, see Anti- hectic DIAPHRAGM, Diaphrag'ma, Diaphrax'is, Rcspirato'rium Ventris, Discreto'rium, Phrenes, Septum transver'sum, Discri'men Thora'cis et Ventris, Diseeptum, Gine'tus, Diazo'ma, Pra- cinc'tus, Diazos'ma, Diazos'tra, Hypezo'cus, Hy- pozo'ma, Perizo'ma, Dissep'tum, Dissip'iitm, Pra- cor'dia, Succin'gens membra'na vel mus'cuius, Succinc'tus, Suecinctu'ra, the Midriff, from Sia, ' between/ and tppacoio, ' I close.' A large, azy- gous muscle ; stretched transversely between the thoracic and abdominal cavities, which it sepa- rates from each other; tendinous in the centre; thin, almost circular, and unequally convex, up- wards. It is fleshy at its circumference, which is attached to the cartilago ensiformis, to the DIAPHRAGMA AURIS 28! laot six ribs, to the aponeurosis stretched from the last rib to the transverse process of the first lumbar vertebra; and, lastly, to the bodies of the first three or four lumbar vertebras. When it contracts, its fibres become straight, the chest is enlarged, and the abdomen diminished. It is then an inspiratory muscle. It may, also, dimi- nish the capacity of the chest, and be an expira- tory muscle. This muscle plays an important part in sighing, yawning, coughing, sneezing, laughing, sobbing, crying, hiccoughing, singing, vomiting, the excretion of the faeces and urine, the expulsion of the foetus, Ac. DIAPHRAGMA AURIS, see Tympanum—d. Cerebri, Tentorium — d. Narium, Septum narium d. Ventriculorum lateralium cerebri, Septum lu- eidum. DIAPHRAG MAL 'GIA, Dictphragmatal'gia, from Siaippaypa, ' the diaphragm,' and aXyog, 'pain.' Pain in the diaphragm. DIAPHRAGMATALGIA, Diaphragmalgia. DIAPHRAGMAT'IC, Diaphragmalicus. Be- longing to the diaphragm. A name given to several vessels and nerves. Diaphrag mat'ic or Phrenic Ar'teries. These are distinguished into superior and inferior. The former, called, also, supradiaphragmatic, are two in number, one on each side. They arise from the internal mammary, and descend along the phrenic nerve, to be distributed on the upper surface of the diaphragm. The latter, or infra- diaphragmat'ic, are also two in number. They arise from the upper part of the abdominal aorta, or from the cceliac artery, and divide into two principal branches, which are distributed on the lower surface of the diaphragm and in its sub- stance. The superior diaphragmat'ic veins follow the same course as the arteries, and empty them- selves— the right, into the vena cava superior; the left, into the corresponding subclavian vein. The two inferior diaphragmatic veins open into the vena cava inferior. Diaphragmat'ic Her'nia, Phrenic Hernia, Diaphragmatoce'le. The abdominal viscera are occasionally protruded through the diaphragm, either through some of the natural apertures in the muscle, or through deficiencies, or wounds, or lacerations in it. Diaphragmat'ic or Phrenic Nerves, Inter- nal respiratory of Sir Charles Bell, are two in number; one on the left side, the other on the right. They arise from the second and third nerves of the cervical plexus, about the middle of the neck, and receive two or three filaments from the brachial plexus, after which they de- scend into the chest at the sides of the pericar- dium, and are distributed on the diaphragm. Diaphragmat'ic Plex'uses are two in num- ber ; one right, and the other left. They arise from the upper part of the solar plexus, by a small number of branches, which are distributed to the diaphragm, following exactly the branches of the inferior diaphragmatic arteries. Diaphragmat'ic Ring, (F.) Anneau diaphrag- matique of Chaussier, is a name given to the irregularly quadrilateral aperture by which the vena cava inferior passes through the diaphragm. DIAPHRAGMATITIS, Diaphragmitis. DIAPIIRAGMATOCELE, see Hernia. DIAPHRAGMITIS, from Siatppaypa, 'the di- aphragm/ and itis, a suffix denoting inflamma- tion. Diaphragmati'tis, Inflarnma'tio septi trans- ver'si, Paraphrenltia, Empresma Pleuri'tis Dia- phrag mar' ica, Paraphrene'sis D'tajihrugmalica, Inflammation of the Diaphragm. The terms, Paruphi cnltis and Paraphrene'sis have been obtained from the Peripatetic philosophy, which 5 DIARRH03A supposed the seat of the , 'I rise between.' Interstif'ium, Discrimina'tio : ' an interstice, in- terval, division.' Any thing that separates two bodies. Also, the middle part or body of a long bone, Corpus Ossis. One of the ligaments of the knee.—Hippocrates, Pare. DIA'PIA. Some lexicographers use this word synonymously with Diapyesis or Suppuration, others have employed it in opposition to Myopia. DIAPLASIS, Conformation, Reduction. DIAPLASMUS, Conformation, Reduction. DIAPNEUSIS, Perspiration. DIAPXOE, Perspiration. DIAPNffiA, Perspiration. DIAPXOGENOUS APPARATUS, see Per- spiration. DIAPNOICUS, Diaphoretic. DIAPOPIIYSES, Transverse processes of the vertebrae. DIAPORE'MA. Anxiety, jactitation; from Siairoptia, 'I doubt.' DIAPRU'NUM, Diacoccyme'lon. A purgative electuary, of which the palps of primes and rhu- barb formed the basis. By adding to the dia- prunum simplex a 24th part of powdered scam- mony, the Diapru'num resoluti'vum seu compos'- itum was formed. It was more active than the former. DIAPYEMA, Empyema, Suppuration. DIAPYESIS, Suppuration — d. Oculi, Hypo- pyon. DIAPYrET'ICA, Dyapye'mata, from Stanvnpa, Stairvnoig, (Sia, and irvov, 'pus,') 'suppuration.' Medicines which promote suppuration. DIAPYETICUS, Suppurative. DIARiE'MIA, (F.) Diaremie, from Sta, ' through,' piu>, ' I flow/ and 'atpa, ' blood.' A pathological condition, said to be common in sheep, in which the globules of the blood are di- minished in quantity; the blood itself thinner, and transuding through the coats of the vessels into the cavities.—Delafore. DIAREMIE, Diarasmia. DIARIA, Ephemera. DIARRHAGE, Fracture. DIARRHffi'A, from Sia, 'through/ and ptoi, ' I flow.' Entc.rorrhce'a, Incontinexltia aid, Alvi proflu'ridm, A. fluxus aquo'sns, Ventris pruflil- r.ium, Co?liorrhce'a, Cceliolyxia, Alms cito, Cuco- to'ria, Coprorrhce'a, Catar'rhus intestina'lis, Alvi fluxus, Rheuma, Epiph'ora Alvi, Fluxus alvlnus, Lux'itas alvi, D'jlnx'io, Lax, Looseness, Pun/irtq, (F.) Diarrhec, Derailment, Gatarrhe intestinal, Flux de Ventre, Cours de Ventre, durante. A disease characterized by frequent liquid alvine evacuations, and generally owing to inflammation or irritation of the mucous membrane of the in- testines. It is commonly caused by errors in regimen, the use of food noxious by its quality or quantity, Ac, constituting the Diarrhie'a ster- cora'ria, D. Crapulo'sa of writers. It may be acute or chronic. Many varieties have bv- wpt, 'to gird/) ' I surround.' The twelfth ver- tebra of the back, because it corresponds to the girdle, faomp. DIAZOSTRA, Diaphragm. DICENTRA CANADEN'SIS, Squirrel corn, Colic weed. Family, Fumariaceas. An indigen- ous plant, growing from Maine to AViseonsin, which flowers in May, the flowers having the odour of hyacinths. It has been given internally in syphilis, and applied externally in syphilis and gonorrhoea. DICEPHALIUM, Bicephalium. DICEPH'ALUS, Piceph'alus, Derod'ymus et Iod'ymus, Janus, from St, ' double/ and xctpaXn, 'head.' A monster with two heads. DICERAS RUDE, Ditrachyceras rudis, see AArorms. DICHALCON. A weight, equal to a third part of the obolus. DICHOPHY'IA, from cUx", ' double/ and pvw, ' I grow.' A disease of the hairs, in which they split and grow forked. DICHROMOS, Verbena officinalis. DICIATRIA, Medicine, legal. DICLIDOSTO'SIS, from StxXtg, 'a double door/ and oortaoig, ' ossification.' Ossification of valves—as of the heart DICLIS, Yalve. DICOR'YPHUS, Dicra'nue, from Si, 'double/ xopvipn, 'the crown of the head.' A monster with a double vertex or cranium. Dicoryphus Dihypogastrius, Hemipages. DICRANUS, Dicoryphus. DI'CROTUS, Riafer'iene, from Sig, 'twice/ and xpvw, 'I strike.' An epithet given to the pulse, when it seems to beat twice as fast as usual. It is synonymous with the term rebounding, the artery rebounding after striking, so as to con- vey the sensation of a double pulsation. It has been considered, and with truth, to frequently foretell hemorrhage. In bad cases of typhus, it certainly announces such a tendency. D1CTAMNE, Dictamnus albus— d. de Crete, Origanum dictamnus. DICTAM'XUS ALBUS, from Dictamnus, a town in Crete ; D. Fruxinel'la, Fraxixie/la Dic- tamnus, White Fraxinel'la, Bastard Di'tany, Fraxinel'la, (F.) Dictanne, FraxindU. The fivsh DICTYITIS 288 DIET root has been considered ne#Vine, anthelmintic, ammenagogue. It is not used. Dictamnus Creticus, Origanum dictamnus— d. Fraxinella, Dictamnus albus. DICTYITIS. Retinitis. DICTYON, Rete. DIDELPHYS, Dihysteria. DIDYMAL'GIA, from SiSvpot, 'the testicles/ and aXyog, ' pain.' Pain in the testicles. DIDYMIS, Epididymis. DIDYMITIS, Hernia humoralis. DIDYMOS, Gemellus. DIDYMUS, Testicle —d. Symphyogastrius, Gastrodidymus—d. Symphyohypogastricus, Hy- pogastrodidymus — d. Symphyoperinasus, Pygo- didyinus — d. Symphyothoracogastrius, Thoraco- gastrodidymus. DIECBOL'ION, from Sta, and txjlaXXa, 1 30 3 30 4 4 2 30 2 30 4 2 30 333 500 352 545 500 333 400 266 333 285 333 303 285 250 235 206 571 302 285 285 400 500 2-22 333 400 302 235 285 285 303 500 206 363 250 222 333 285 333 285 444 500 666 285 250 250 400 400 250 400 500 Aliments. Form of prepara- Marrow, animal, spinal Meat and vegetables ... Milk................... Do.................... Mutton, fresh.......... Do. do........... Do. do........... Ovsters, fresh.......... Do. do........... Do. do........... Parsnips............... Pig, sucking........... Pigs' feet, soused....... Pork, fat and lean..... Do. recently salted.... Do. do........., Do. do......... Do. do......... Do. do.......... Potatoes, Irfsh............ Do. do............. Do. do............. Rice...................... Sago..................... Salmon, salted............ Sausage, fresh............ Soup, barley.............. Do. bean............... Do. beef, vegetables, and bread............. Do. chicken............ Soup marrow bones....... Do. mutton............. Do. oyster............... Suet, beef, fresh........... Do. mutton............. Tapioca.................. Tendon, boiled............ Tripe, soused............. Trout, salmon, fresh...... Do. do............... Turkey, domestic......... Do. do............ Do. wild............. Turnips, flat.............. Veal, fresh................ Do. do................ Vegetables and meat hashed ........... Venison, steak........... boiled hashed boiled raw roasted broiled boiled raw roasted stewed boiled rousted boiled roasted boiled fried broiled raw stewed boiled roasted baked boiled do. do. broiled boiled do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do, do. do. do. fried roasted boiled roasted boiled broiled fried warmed broiled f- c h.m. 2 40 2 30 2 15 15 3 3 2 55 3 15 3 30 2 30 2 30 1 5 15 4 30 4 15 3 15 3 3 3 30 2 30 3 20 1 1 45 4 3 20 1 30 3 4 3 4 15 3 30 3 30 5 30 4 30 2 5 30 1 1 30 I 30 2 30 2 25 2 1 3 30 4 4 30 2 30 1 35 If §t ~. Z - - oi - " V. JS 375 400 500 444 307 333 333 342 307 285 400 400 1000 190 222 235 302 333 333 285 400 400 1000 571 250 300 666 333 250 333 235 285 285 181 222 500 181 1000 666 666 400 511 435 285 250 222 400 631 * Pigs' feet soused, rice, and tripe soused, being the most digestible articles in the table, are esliinated at 1000. f In the case of oils, and other substances of similar nature, which undergo little digestion in the stomach, the time merely indicates the period that elapses before they are sent into the duodenum. DIGESTIO DEPEAVATA, Dyspepsia—d. Difficilis, Dyspepsia — d. Laesa, Dyspepsia. DIGES'TION, Digest'io, from digere, 'to dis- solve' ; Coctio, C. Cibo'rxim, Pep'sis, Diges'tive P,-oc"ess. Digestion is a function, by means of which alimentary substances, when introduced into the digestive canal, undergo different altera- tions. The object of this is to convert them into two parts; the one, a reparatory juice, destined to renew the perpetual waste occurring in the economy: the other, deprived of its nutritious properties, to be rejected from the body. This function is composed of a series of organic ac- tions, differing according to the particular organi- zation of the animal. In man they are eight in number, viz. 1. Prehension of food. 2. Mastica- tion. 3. Insalivation. 4. Deglutition. 5. Action of the stomach. 6. Action of the small intestine. 7. Action of the large intestine. 8. Expulsion of the fseces. Digestion is also a pharmacexttical operation, which consists in treating certain solid substances with water, alcohol, or other menstruum, at a slightly elevated temperature,—in a sand-bath, for example, or by leaving them exposed for some time to the sun. DIGESTIVE. See Digestives — d. Principle, Pepsin—d. Process, Digestion. Digestive Texture. The particular organic condition of substances which affects their diges- tibility. Digestive Tube, Canal, alimentary. Diges'tives, Digesti'va, Digeren'tia; same etymon as Digestion. (P.) Digestifs. A term given, by surgeons, to substances, which, when applied to a wound or ulcer, promote suppura- tion ; such as the ceratum resina, warm cata- plasms, fomentations, . crenata. Dios'ma Crena'ta, from Siog, 'divine,' and ea-pn, ' odour/ Paroa'ma crena'ta, Agathoa'ma crena'turn, Ruchu Leaves, Diosma (Ph. U. S., 1842, Buchu, 1831) Buckho, (F.) Dtosmee cre- neUe. Nat. Ord. Diosmeae. A South African plant, the powder of whose leaves is used by the Hottentots to perfume their bodies. It has been employed in chronic affections of the bladder and urinary organs in general. It has also been given in cholera. It is often adulterated in commerce, by the substitution of less potent plants of the same family, as Diosma serratifo'lia, and Eu- pleu'rum serrula'tum. Diosma Serratifolia, D. crenata. DIOSMEE CRENELEE, Diosma crenata. DIOS'PYROS LOTUS, apparently from hot, 'divine,' and irvpog, 'wheat,' but why is not clear; Faba Graca, Indian Date Plum, (F.) Plaqnemi- nier d'Europe. This tree grows in some of the southern parts of Europe. Its fruit is very as- tringent, and has been recommended in dysentery and hemorrhages. Dios'pyros Virginia'na, Lotus Virginia'na, Persim'mon. A common tree in the middle parts of the United States. The fruit, Persim'mons, Yellow Plums, Winter Plums, Seeded Plums, which is only eatable after frost, (when it is tolerable,) is sometimes made into cakes with bran. These, being dried in an oven, are kept to make beer. When bruised in water, fermentation takes place, The unripe fruit is distressingly acerb and astrin- gent. The bark of the tree, Diospyros, (Ph. U. S.,) is extremely bitter, and may be used where bitters are indicated. DIOTA, Dyota, from Stg, and ovg, genitive ovrog, 'ear.' Two-eared, two-handled. Applied to a wooden cup, lined with a composition of resin, cinnamon, cloves, and ginger, to give more flavour to beer. It was formerly much used in the north of Europe. DIPHORUS, Diphrus. DIPHRUS, Dlphorus, from Stg, 'two,' and ipepio, ' I carry.' Properly a seat for two. A close stool. Diphrus Maieu'ticus, Sella obstetric"ia. An obstetric chair. DIPH'RYGES; from Stg, and , 'I tor- refy.' The oxide of copper, more or less pure. The ancients reckoned three kinds of diphryges, which they used as astringents. DIPHTHERIA, Diphtheritis. DIPHTHERITE RUCOALE, Stomatitis, pseudomembranous. DIPHTHERI'TIS, Diphther'ia, Diphtherit'io Inflammation, Pellic'ular Inflammation, from Sttp- dtpa, ' a membrane.' A name given by M. Bre- tonneau to a class of diseases, which are charac- terized by a tendency to the formation of false membranes, and affect the dermoid tissue,—as the mucous membranes, and even the skin. Diphtheritis of the Throat, Angina pellicu- laris—d. Trachealis, Cynanche trachealis. DIPLASIASMUS, Duplication. DIPLECOIA, Double hearing. DIP'LOE, from SnrXour, ' I double.' Diplo'sxs, Meditul'lium, Medium Calva'rim Discri'men. The cellular structure, which separates the two tables of the skull from each other. The ancients ap- plied the term, also, to the proper coat of the uterus (?)—Rolfink, in Castelli. The Diploe has the same use as the cellular structure of bones in general. See Cancelli. DIPLOGEN'ESIS, StirXoog, ' double,' and ytvi- otg, 'generation.' An organic deviation, which ia owing to the union of two germs. DIPLOLEPIS GALL.E TINCTORIA, see Quercus infectoria. DIPLO'MA. Same etymon as Diploe. A letter or writing conferring some privilege; usually applied to the document, certifying that a person has obtained the title of Doctor. It was so called because formerly written on waxed tables, folded together. Diploma is also used in pharmacy for a vessel with double walls,—as a water-bath. DIPLO'PIA, from StirXoog, ' double,' and orrro- pai, ' I see.' Visus Duplica'tus, Ditta'pia, Dit- top'sia, Amphamphoterodiop'sia, Amphodiplo'pia, Double Vision, (F.) Bivue. An affection of the DIPLOSIS Bight, in which two distinct sensations are pro- duced by the same object, which consequently seems double. Sometimes more than two are 6een; but still the disease is termed Diplo'pia and Suffu'eio Mult'iplicans. This affection arises from some derangement in the visual axes, in consequence of which, the images are not im- pressed on corresponding parts of the retina of each eye. The diplopia of both eyes has been termed Amphodiplo'pia and Amphoterodiplo'pia. DIPLOSIS, Diploe, Duplication. DIPLOSO'MA, from StirXoog, 'double,' and triiiuit, * body.' The Diplosoma crena'ta is an im- perfectly described entozoon, which has been passed from the urinary bladder. It varies in length from four to six or eight inches, and is thinnest in the middle, where it is bent at an acute angle upon itself, so that the two halves hang nearly parallel, and give to it an appear- ance as if two worms had been tied together by their heads. It has been confounded with the Spiroptera hominis. DIPNOOS, from Stg, and irvon, 'breath.' Hav- ing two vent holes; Biepi'rua. An epithet ap- plied to wounds which pass through a part, and admit the air at both ends.—Galen. DIPROSO'PUS, Iriod'ymus et Opod'ymus, from St, ' double,' and irpooonrov, ' countenance.' A monster having a double face. Diproso'pus Di^edcs'us, from Si, 'double,' and irpooonrov, 'countenance;' and 'St, 'double,' and atSoia, 'parts of generation.' A double monster, in whom the duplication affects superiorly the face, and inferiorly the anterior pelvic region.— Barkow. Diproso'pus Dihypogas'trius, from St, ' dou- ble,' and irpooonrov, 'countenance,' and from St, 'double,' and 'viroyaarptov, 'the hypogastrium.' A double monster in whom the duplication affects superiorly the face, and inferiorly the lower part of the body—four lower extremities being always present;— Tetras' celus. DIPSA, Thirst. DIPSACOS, Diabetes. DIP'SACUS FULLO'NUM, Herba Car'dui Ven'eris, Car'duus Ven'eris, (F.) Cardere cultive, Chard'on dfoulon, Chardon d bonnetier, has had similar properties ascribed to it. Both have been also regarded as stomachic. Dip'sacus Sylves'tris, from Snpa, 'thirst,' said to be so called owing to the leaves being so placed as to hold water. Cultivated Teasel, (F.) Carde're. The roots of this European plant are diuretic and sudorific. The water, which col- lects at the base of the leaves, has been recom- mended as an eye-water. DIPSET'ICOS, from Si^a, 'thirst.' A remedy believed to be capable of exciting thirst. See Alterative. DIPSO'DES, Sil'iens, Siticulo'sus, from St\pa, 'thirst,' and ctSog, 'resemblance.' Thirsty. Caus- ing thirst. DIPSOMANIA, from St^la, 'thirst,' and mania. Really, thirst-mania. Often, however, applied to habitual drunkenness and to delirium tremens. An insatiable desire for intoxicating liquors. DIPSOP'ATHY, Dipaopathi'a, from Si-la, 'thirst,' and iraOog, 'disease.' A mode of treat- ment, which consists in abstaining from drinks. DIPSO'SIS. Same etymon. Morbid thirst. The desire for drinking, excessive or impaired. A genus in the class Cceliaca, order Enterica, of Good. Dipso'sis Avens, Polydypsia — d. Expers, Adipsia. DI'PYGUS, from St, 'double,' and irvyn, 'the nates.' A double monster, the duplication being confined to the posterior portion of the lower end of the irunk—the coccygeal region. r DISEASE DIPYRE'NON, from Stg, 'twice,' and irvpnr, ' a kernel.' A specil'lum or probe with two but- tons or kernels—one at each end. DIPYRITES, Biscuit. DIPYROS, Biscuit. DIRCA PALUS'TRIS, Leatherwood, Swamp Leatherwood, Moosewood, Swampwood, Rope- bark, Bois de plomb, (Canada.) An indigenous shrub, which grows in boggy woods and low wet places throughout the United States. It is ana- logous to mezereon, in its action, — six or eight grains of the fresh bark producing violent vomit- ing, preceded by a sense of heat in the stomach, often followed by purging. Applied to the skin, the bark vesicates. DIRECTOR, Itinera'rium, from dirigere, di- rectum, (dis, and regere, 'to rule,') 'to direct.' A Conductor. A grooved sound for guiding a knife, in dividing any part; (F.) Sonde canneUe. Director Penis, Ischio-cavernosus. DIRIBITORIUM, Mediastinum. DIRT-EATING, Chthonophagia. DIRUPTIO, Rhexis. DIS, Di. DISC, see Disk. DISCEPTUM, Diaphragm. DISCHARGE', (disband charge,) Ec'roi, Fluxus, Proflu'vium, (F.) Ecoulement. In patho- logy, an increased discharge from any part, that naturally secretes a fluid. DISCHROA, Dyschroea. DISCREET', from diseervere, discretum, 'to separate.' Discre'txis, Intertixic'txts, Separated, (F.) Discret. This epithet is given to certain exanthemata, in which the spots or pustules are separated from each other. It is opposed to confluent. DISCRET, Discreet. DISCRE'TA PURGA'TIO. The purgation or expulsion of some particular matter. DISCRETIVUS, Diagnostic. DISCRETORIUM, Diaphragm. DISCRI'MEN, Separation, Division. A ban- dage, used in bleeding from the frontal vein ; so called, because, in passing along the sagittal su- ture, it divides the head into two equal parts. Discrimen Calyarijb Medium, Diploe — d. Narium, Septum N. Discrimen Nasi; a bandage, in the form of the letter X, intended to support the hose, in transverse wounds of the organ. Discrimen Thoracis et Ventris, Diaphragm. DISCUS PROLIGERUS, Proligerous disc — d. Vitellinus, Proligerous disc. DISCUSSIFS, Discutients. DISCUSSIO, Resolution. DISCUSSIVA, Discutients. DISCUSSORIA, Discutients. DISCU'TIENTS, Discutien'tia, Resolven'tia, Discuss fva, Discusso'ria, from discutere, 'to shake apart,' (die, and quatere, 'to shake.') (F.) Dis- cussifs. Substances which possess the power of repelling or resolving tumours. DISEASE', old French desaise;—from dis, and ease: Morbus, Nosos, Nose'ma, Noseu'ma, Nusus, Pathos, Pathe'ma, Lues, Malum, Passio, jEgritu'- do, ASgrota'tio, Vil'ium, Arrhos'tia, Arrhoste'ma, Arrhoaten'ia, Valetu'do adver'ea, Malady, Com. plaint, Sickness, Distem'per. (F.) Maladre. An opposite state to that of health, consisting in a change either in the position and structure of parts, or in the exercise of one or more of their functions, or in both. By some, Diseaae is applied to structural change, whilst Disorder is restricted to functional derangement. The following table, essentially that of Dr. C. J. B. Williams, comprises the chief elements of structural disease. 29 DISECOIA 298 DISPENSATORY ' Increased—Hypertrophy, Altered Mechanism. Diseased Nutrition. " Contraction, Dilatation, Obstruction, Compression, Displacement, Rupture, Ac. Diminished- •Atrophy. Inflammation, Induration, Softening, ^ Transformation and Degeneration. Deposits Perverted . ■ Cacoplastic. Growths Disease, Blue, Cyanopathy — d. of Bright, Kidney, Bright's Disease of the — d. English, Rachitis — d. Extrinsic, External disease — d. Family, see Hereditary — d. Fungoid, Encepha- loid—d. Gastro-enteric, Gastro-enteritis—d. Hae- inato-cerebriform, Encephaloid — d. Hereditary, see Hereditary—d. Pretended, Feigned disease— d. Simulated, Feigned disease—d. Surgical, Ex- ternal disease. DISECOIA, Baryecoia. DISFIGURATION, Deformation. DISGORGE'MENT, (F.) Degorgement, from de, and gorge, 'the throat.' An opposite condi- tion to tbat of Engox-gement. The discharge or abstraction of a certain quantity of fluid, which had previously collected in a part; as Disgorge- ment of bile. It also means particularly, a vomit. DISGUST', from de, and gustare, 'to taste.' Cibi fastid'ium, Aposit'ia, Asit'ia, Apoclelsis, Abomina'tio, Siccha'sia, Horror Cibo'rum, Loath- ing. An aversion for food. (F.) Degout. Dis- gust is not the same as Anorexia. The latter is only a want of appetite; the former consists in real repugnance for food. DISINFECTANT, Di sin fee'tans, from dis, and infect. This term has been restricted by some to agents that are capable of neutralizing morbific effluvia; but the author includes under it, also, antiseptics or agents that are capable of removing any incipient or fully formed septic condition of the living body, or of any part of it. DISINFECTING LIQUID, SIR WILLIAM BURNETT'S, see Burnett's Disinfecting Liquid — d. Liquid, Labarraque's, Liquor sodae chlori- natae—d. Liquid of Ledoyen, see Ledoyen's dis- infecting liquid. DISINFECTION, Disinfec'txo. The act of destroying miasmata, with which the air, cloth- ing, Ac, may be infected. Various means have been proposed for this purpose. Those most comm^uly employed are: — chlorine, sulphurous and chlorohydric acid gases, vapours of vinegar, nitrous acia; and, what is, perhaps, the most manageable of any, and equally efficacious, — chlorinated lime, or any of the chlorides of the alkalies. It is questionable if any chemical ac- tion occur between these agents and the mias- mata, whence results a compound which is harm- less. Disinfection also includes the action of antiseptics. Chlorine or Oxymuriat'ic Fumiga'tion, Solxl- tio alexite'ria Gaubia'na, Fumiga'tio antiloim'- ica Garlbii, Alexite'rium chlo'ricum, Fumiga'tio Guytonien'sis, is made by adding common salt giij, to black oxide of manganese 3jj, sulphuric membranes, f Cirrhosis, J Fibro-cartilage, 1 Gray tubercle, [ Atheroma, Ac. ( Yellow tubercle, Aplastic......i Calcareous ( matter, Ac. f Cysts, f Nonmalignant. < Tumours, ( Hydatids, Ac. -{ f Carcinoma, [ Malignant.....< Encephaloma, (Melanosis, Ac. acid ^j, and water f§ij. This may be carried through an apartment, or be shut up in it. Nitrous Fumiga'tion, Alexite'rium Ni'tricum, Fumiga'tio Smythia'na, may be formed by pla- cing nitrate of potass £iv, and sulphuric acid 5Jij, in a saucer on hot sand. DISJUNCTI MORBI. (From dis, and jun- gere, junctum, 'to join.') Disjoined diseases. Fernelius has thus denominated diseases which occupy different organs, and are not produced by each other. DISK, BLOOD, Globules of the blood—d. In- tervertebral, Intervertebral Cartilage—d. Prolige- rous, see Proligerous Disk. DISLOCATIO LIENIS SEU SPLENISj Splenectopia. DISLOCATION, Luxation. DISOD'ICUS, from Sig, 'twice,' and oSot, 'threshold.' Having a double opening. DISORDER, see Disease. DISORGANIZATION, Organo'rum destruc- tio, (F.) Desorganisation. A complete morbid change in the structure of an organ, or even total destruction of its texture. In sphacelus, and sloughy ulcers, we have examples of this change. DISPENSAIRE, Dispensary, Dispensatory. DISPEN'SARY, Dispensa'rium, from dispen- dere, (dis and pexidere, 'to weigh,') 'to take from a weight or mass,' ' to distribute.' The shop or place in which medicines are prepared. Also, an institution in which the poor are furnished with advice and necessary medicines. (F.) Dispen- saire. This word is also used by the French sy- nonymously with Dispensatory. DISPENSATION, Dispensa'tio, Dicece'sis, Epineme'sis. The composition and distribution of medicines according to prescription. In France, it is more commonly applied to the weighing, measuring, and arranging of the ar- ticles, which have to enter into a formula, prior to combining them. DISPENSATOR, Apothecary. DISPEN'SATORY, Dispensato'rium; same etymon. Antidota'rium, Liber Pharmaceut'icus, (F.) Dispenaaire. A book which treats of the composition of medicines. A Dispensatory dif- fers from a Pharmacopoeia, in containing the phy- sical and medical history of the various substances; whilst the Pharmacopoeia is mainly restricted to the mode of preparing them. The Pharmacopoeia too, is published under the authority of, and by, the members of a college or association; whilst a dispensatory contains the whole of the Pharma- copoeia or Pharmacopoeias, with additions by the author, under whose authority, alone, it usually DISPLACED 29$ appears. The Pharmacopoeia, in other words, is officinal; the Dispensatory, generally, private. Formerly, the words were used indiscriminately. See Formulary, and Pharmacopoeia. DISPLACED, see Percolation. DISPLACEMENT, Percolation. DISPOSIT"ION, Disposil'io, from dis, and ponere, 'to put or set.' A particular condition of the body, which renders it susceptible of altering, suddenly, to a state of health or disease; — of improving, or becoming changed for the worse. The disposition to phthisis pulmonalis is sometimes so strong, owing to original conforma- tion, that the disease will make its appearance, notwithstanding every care. See Diathesis. DISPUTATIO, Thesis. DISQUE PROLIGERE, Proligerous Disk. DISRUP'TIO, from disrumpere, 'to break off.' A puncture, which interests deep-seated parts. DISSECTING ANEURISM, see Aneurism. DISSECTIO, Dissection —d. Tendinum, Te- notomy. DISSECTION, Dissec'tio, from dissecare, (dis, and secare, 'to cut,') 'to cut open;' Diac'ope, Sec'tio Anatom'ica, Practical Anatomy, Necrol- omy. An operation, by which the different parts of the dead body are exposed, for the purpose of studying their arrangement and structure. Dis- section has received various names, according to the organ concerned; — as Osteotomy, Syndesmo- tomy, Myotomy, Angiotomy, Neurotomy, Desmot- omy, Ac. DISSECTOR, Prosec'tor, Pro'tomua, same etymon. (F.) Proaecteur. A practical anatomist. One who prepares the parts for the anatomical DISSEPIMENTUM NARIUM, Septum na- rium—d. Thoracis, Mediastinum. DISSEPTUM, Diaphragm. DISSERTATION, INAUGURAL, Thesis. DISSIDENTIA, Diastasis. DISSIPIUM, Diaphragm. DISSOLUTIO SANGUINIS, Haemateclysis .—d. Ventriculi, Gastromalacia. DISSOLUTION, Dissolu'tio, Dialysis, from dissolvere, (dis, and solvere,) 'to loosen,' 'to melt.' This word is in frequent use, in the writings of the humourists. It is employed, particularly, in speaking of the blood;—to designate, not its en- tire decomposition or putrefaction, but a diminu- tion in its consistence. DISSOLUTION, Solution. DISSOL VANTS, Dissolventia. DISSOLVEN'TIA, Solvents, (F.) Diaaolvanta. Medicines believed to be capable of dissolving swellings, concretions, Ac. Discutients, Resol- vents. DISTAD; from dieto, (dia, and ato,) 'to stand apart.' Away from a centre. Towards the far extremity. In anatomy, used by Dr. Barclay adverbially, to signify ' towards the distal aspect.' DISTAL ASPECT. An aspect of a bone from the trunk, or towards the extremity.—Barclay. DISTEMPER, Disease. DISTEMPERANTIA, Dyscrasia. DISTENSIO, Diatasis, Tension, Tetanus —d. Nervorum, Convulsion. DISTENSION DE LA VESICULE DU FIEL, Turgescentia vesicae felleae. DISTICHI'ASIS, Diatich'ia, Districh'ia, Dis- trichi'asis, Distce'ehia, Distcechi'asie, from Stg, ' double,' and anxog, ' a row.' An increased num- ber of eyelashes; some turned towards the eye, and irritating the organ ; whilst others preserve their natural direction.—Galen, Paulus of ^Egina. See Entropion. DISTILLATIO UTERI, Leucorrhoea. DISTIhhA'TION,Destilla'tio,Stalag'mos,iiom 9 DITTANY destillare, (de, and stillare,) 'to drop, little by lit- tle.' Catastalag'mos. An operation, by which—by the aid of heat and in close vessels—the volatile are separated from the fixed parts of bodies, with the view of collecting the former, when condensed in appropriate receivers. The ancients distinguished distillation per latus, per aecen'eum, and per de- scen'sum, according to the direction which the volatilized matters were made to take. In dis- tillation per latua, the apparatus is so arranged, that the vapour passes horizontally through a succession of spaces before reaching the receiver. Distillation per ascensum is the ordinary method by the still. In distillation per descensum, the fire is applied above and around the top of the appa- ratus; and it is so arranged that the vapour must pass downwards. When dry organic matter is placed in an apparatus for distillation, and heat is applied until all volatile matter is driven out, the process is called dry or destructive distillation. Distillation, Destructive, see Distillation— d. Dry, see Distillation — d. Per Ascensum, see Distillation—d. Per Descensum, see Distillation— d. Per Latus, see Distillation. DISTOCIA, Ditoc'ia, from Stg, 'twice,' and roxog, 'birth.' Delivery of twins. DISTffiCHIA, Distichiasis. DISTGECHIASIS, Distichiasis. DIS'TOMA HEPAT'ICUM, from Stg, and oropa, 'mouth.' Fasci'ola hepat'ica, Plana'ria latius'cula, Fasciola huma'na, P. lanceola'ta, Gourd-xoorm, Fluke, Liver Flxtke, (F.) Douve, D. du Foie. An obovate, flat worm, an inch in length, and nearly an inch broad; sometimes found in the gall-bladder of man, whence it oc- casionally passes into the intestinal canal. It is one of the most common varieties of worms, in- festing the livers of the sheep, goat, ox, stag, fallow-deer, horse, ass, hog, hare, Ac. The treat- ment is like that required for other worms. Distoma Oc'uli Huma'ni. A parasite once observed in the eye of a child who had suffered from lenticular cataract.—Gescheidt. DISTORSIO, Distortion, Sprain, Strabismus —d. Oris, Canine laugh. DISTOR'TION, Distor'sio, Intor'sio, from dis- torquere, (dis, and torquere,) 'to wrest aside.' Diastrem'ma, Dias'trophe, Ligys'ma, (F.) Distor- sion. Usually applied to the preternatural cur- vature of a bone; as distortion of the spine, limbs, Ac. It signifies, also, a morbid state of the muscles of the eye, constituting squinting or stra- bismus. DISTORTOR ORIS, Zygomaticus major. DISTRIBUTORS LACTEA THORACICA, Thoracic duct. DISTRICHIA, Distichiasis. DISTRICHIASIS, Distichiasis. DISTRIX, from Stg, 'double,' and Sp 'long,' and xttyaXn, 'head.' Longheads. Nations of men whose cerebral lobes completely cover the cerebellum — as the Kelts, Germans, negroes, Ac.—Retzius. DOL'ICHOS, from SoXtxog, 'long.' A genus Of plants of the leguminous family. It includes a number of species, generally indigenous in India or America. The Dolichos Lablab, or Lablab, is found in Egypt. (Prospero Alpini.) Its fruit is eaten there, like the haricot with us. The Dol'ichoa Sinen'sis, is eaten in China, and is Btored up as a provision for long voyages. The Dolichos Tubero'sus, (F.) Pois Rotate of Mar- tinique, has tuberous roots of the size of both fists, and has the consistence and taste of the turnip. The Dolichos Rulbo'sus of the West In- dies resembles the turnip; — and from the Doli- chos Soja, the Japanese prepare the well-known sauce Soy, which they term Sooja. Tho most important in medicine, is the Dol'ichos Pru'riens, Dolichos, Stizolo'bium, Mucu'xia pru'riens, Negre'tia pru'riens, Cowhage, Cowitch, Adsaria Pala. Order; Leguminosse. (F.) Pois d gratter. The stiff hairs of the Doli- chos Pods, called Dolichos Pubes, D. Prurien'tie pubes, Dolichi Seta Legu'minum, Lanu'go Sili- qua hirsu'ta, Mucu'na, (Ph. U. S.,) are the parts used in medicine. They excite an intolerable, prurient sensation when applied to the skin; but do not irritate the mucous membrane over which they pass, when administered internally. The Dolichos is a mechanical anthelmintic, and is useful in cases of ascarides lumbricoides, and oxyures vermiculares. Dose, gr. v to x, of the pubes, in molasses. Mucu'na pruri'ta, a distinct species, but pos- sessing similar properties, grows in the East Indies. DOLOIRE (F.), As'cia, Dola'bra, 'a carpen- ter's axe.' A Pondage en doloire is one in which the turns are so placed, that each one covers two- thirds of that which is immediately beneath it. It has received the name Doloire from its repre- senting the obliquity of the edge of the instrument whose name it bears. See Bandage. DOLOR, Pain—d. Ani, Proctalgia—d. Capitis, Cephalalgia—d. Cephalicus, Cephalalgia—d. Co- licus. Colic—d. Crucians faciei, Neuralgia, facial —d. Dentium, Odontalgia—d. Dentium I. stridore, Haemodia—d. Faciei, Neuralgia, facial—d. Ischi- adicus nervosus, Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea—d. Lenis, Hypodynia—d. Mitis, Hypodynia—d. Ne- phreticus, Nephralgia—d. Pectoris externus, Pleu- rodynia—d. Pudendorum, Pudendagra—d. Rheu- maticus et arthriticus, Rheumatism. DOLORES AD PARTUM, Pains, labour—d. Intestinorum, Colic — d. Parturientis, Pains, la- bour—d. Post partum, Pains, after—d. Puerpera- rum, Pains, after—d. Rodentes, Pains, gnawing. DOMBEY'A EXCEL'SA, Arauca'ria Dom- bey'i. A tree, which inhabits Chili, and furnishes Dombeya turpentine; a glutinous, milky-looking fluid of a strong odour and taste. DOMES'TIC, Domes'ticus, from domus, 'a house.' The term Domestic or Pop'ular Med'i- cine, has been given to treatises written for the purpose of enabling those who are not of the pro- fession to treat diseases, which may occur in their families, without the necessity of calling in a physician. The term, likewise, signifies—Medi- cine, when thus practised. It is probable, that such works have been attended with mischievous as well as advantageous results. DOMINA'RUM AQUA. A medicine described by Myrepsus, which he considered emmenagogue. DOMPTE-VENIN, Asclepias vincetoxicum. DOMUS LEPROSARIA, Ladrerie. DONDO, Albino. DONESIS, Agitation. DORADILLA, Asplenium ceterach. DORCADIZON, Caprizans. DOREA, Hemeralops. DOREMA AMMONIACUM, see Ammoniac, Gum. DORMITATIO, Somnolency. DORMITIO, Sleep—d. Lucumoriana, see Lu- cumorianus. DORONIC, Doronicum pardalianches — d. d'Allemagne, Arnica montana. DORONICUM ARNICA, Arnica montana— d. DORSAD 302 DOUCHE Cordatum, D. Pardalianches — d. Germanicum, Arnica montana—d. Officinale, D. Pardalianches —d. Oppositifolium, Arnica montana. Doros'icum Pardalian'ches, D. Roma'num seu Corda'turn seu Officinale, Roman Leop'ard's Pane, (F.) Doronic, Mart aux Pantheres. The root of this plant resembles Arnica Montana in its properties. DORONICUM ROMANUM, D. Pardalianches. DORSAD, see Dorsal Aspect. DORSAL, Dorsa'lis, from dorsum, 'the back.' Notia'us, Notal, Tergal. Relating to the back of the body, or of one of its parts; as the Dorsal vertebra, nerves, Ac.; Dorsal artery of the tongue, penis, Ae.; Dorsal region of the foot, hand, Ac.; Dorsal Consumption, Ac. Dorsal Aspect. An aspect towards the dor- sum or backbone.—Barclay. Dorsad is used by the same writer adverbially, to signify ' towards the dorsal aspect.' DORSAL, LONG, Longissimus dorsi. DORSALIS, Dorsal. Dorsa'lis Penis, (Nervus.) The branch of the internal pudic nerve, which is distributed to the upper part of the male organ; and to the clitoris of the female. DOR SO-COSTAL, Serratus posticus superior —-d. Lombo-costal, Serratus posticus inferior—d. Lombo-sacro-hurneral, Latissimus dorsi—d. Sus- acromien, Trapezius — d. Tracheion - occipital, Complexus. DORSTENIA BRASILIENSIS, Caa-apia. Dorstenia Contrayer'va, called after Dr. Dorsten ; Contrayer'va, Drake'na, Cype'rus lon- gus, o'dorus seu Perua'nus, Pezoar'dica Radix, Dorste' da Housto'nii, Lisbon Contrayer'va, (F.) Racine- de Chords, R. de Dracke, Racine des Philippines. Family, Urticeas. Sex. Syst. Te- trandria Monogynia. A plant of South America, whose root, Contrayer'va (Ph. U. S.), is aromatic, bitter, and astringent. It has been given as a tonic, stimulant and sudorific. Dose, gr. xij to 3SS- Dorstenia Cordifolia, D. Brasiliensis — d. Plaeentoides, D. Brasiliensis—d. Vitella, D. Bra- siliensis. DORSUM, Notos, Noton. The back. Metaph'- renon, Tergum, (F.) Dos. The posterior part of the trunk, extending from the inferior and poste- rior region of the neck as far as the loins. The back of the foot, Dorsum pedis, is the upper part of that organ, opposite the sole: the back of the hand, Dorsum mantis, the part opposed to the palm. In the same sense, we say Dorsum penis, Dorsum, nasi, for the upper part of those organs. Dorsum, Vertebral column — d. Manus, Opis- thenar. DORYCIMUM, Costus creticus. DOS, Dorsum. DOSE, Dosis, Pra'bium. The quantity of any substance, which ought to form part of a com- pound medicine, or ought to be exhibited singly, to produce a desired effect. Many circumstances influence the doses of medicine. Women require smaller doses, as a general principle, than men. Habit has a great effect, as well as climate, age, and idiosyncrasy: all these, and other circumstances, must be taken into account; and every general rule on the subject will be found to have numer- ous exceptions. Some of the mechanical physi- cians laid it down as a rule, that the doses of medicines must always be as the square of the ^institution !—A matter not easy of calculation. The following Tables will exhibit an approxi- mation to the proper doses (according to age) of most substances Table op Doses according to Age. Age 24 18 14 7 4 3 2 1 Let the full dose be will require 1 2-3ds. half. l-3d. l-4th. 1-tith. 1-eth. l-12th. 1 drachm. 2 scruples. i drachm. 1 scruple. 15 grains. 10 grains. 8 grains. 5 grains. The table of doses, according to age, recommen- ded by Dr. Thomas Young, differs in some respects from the above. Either affords a sufficient gene- ral approximation. His rule is, that For children, under txoelve years of age, the doses of most medicines must be diminished in the proportion of the age to the age increased by twelve : 2+12 Thus, at two years, to l-7th; i. e., l-7th = At twenty-one the full dose is given. Doses, Broken. When an agent is given in small portions it is said to be in broken doses,— refractis dosibus. DOSIOLOGIA, Posology. DOSIS, Dose. DOSSIL, Pourdonnet. DOTAGE, Dementia. i\ DOTHIEN, Furunculus. > DOTHIENENTERIA, Dothinenteritis. DOTHIENENTERIE, Dothinenteritis. DOTH1NENTERIA, Dothinenteritis. DOTHIENTERI'TIS, properlyDothienenteri'- tis, Dothienenter'ia, Dothinenter'ia, Enteritispus- tulo'sa, Enterodothie'nia, Helcenteri'tis, Follic'- ular Gastroenteritis, from So&tnv, 'a pustule,' and tvrtpov, 'intestine.' (F.) Dothinentedte, Do- thirrenterie,Dothienenterie,Dothicnenterite. An in- flammation and ulceration of the glands or folli- cles of Peyer and Brunner, which Bretonneau considers to be the essence of a large class of fevers, particularly of those of the typhoid cha- racter. See Typhus. DOTHION, Furunculus. DOTTRINA MEDICA ITALIANA, Contro- stimulus, (doctrine of.) DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS, see Conscious- ness, double. DOUBLE-HEARING, Dipleco'ia, Ditteco'ia, Paracu'sis duplica'ta, P. Imperfec'ta. The ac- tion of the one ear unaccordant with that of the other: sounds heard doubly, and in different tones or keys. DOUBLE-MONSTERS, see Duplication. DOUCE AM ERE, Solanum dulcamara. DOUCHE, (F.) In Italian, doccia; modern Latin, duda; Cataclys'mus, Douse. This term is applied to a column of fluid, of a determi- nate nature and temperature, let fall upon the body. Pumping is a variety of the Douche. In using this kind of bath, the fluid is directed upon the part on which we are desirous of acting. The douches descendarxtes are those in which the fluid falls from a height, — the douches ascendan- tes, those administered in diseases of the uterus, —the douches horizontals, where the fluid is im- pelled horizontally, Ac. They may be cold or warm, according to circumstances. The appa- ratus consists of a reservoir of water having a pipe or plug, by means of which the water can be directed as the practitioner may desire. The Douche communicates a considerable and peculiar shock to the nervous system; and is one of the most successful means for taming the furious' DOULEUR maniac. It is, also, useful in chronic rheumatism, stiff joints, Ac. Douch"s of air are, also, occasionally used, as in cases of obstruction of the Eustachian tube by mucus. They are sent from an air-press—of which Deleau and Kramer have invented one each—through a catheter introduced through the nose into the tube. DOULEUR, Pain— d. de C6t(, Pleurodynia— d. des Dents, Odontalgia—d. de I'Estomac, Cardial- gia—d. Nevralgique de VEstomac, Cardialgia—d. Pulsative, see Throbbing. DOULEURS,Pains,labour—d. Conquassantes, Bee Conquassant. DOUSE, Douche. DOUVE, Distoma hepaticum — d. du Foie, Distoma hepaticum—d. Petite, Ranunculus flam- mula. DRACHION, Pugillus. DRACHM, Drachma, Dram, (F.) Gros. The ancient name of a piece of money, weighing the eighth part of an ounce. At the present day it is used for this weight. DRACO MITIGATUS, Hydrargyri submurias —d. Sylvestris, Achillea ptarmica. DRACOCEPH'ALUM CANARIEN'SE, D. Moldav'icum, Melis'sa Tur'cica, Cedronel'la triphyl'la, Melis'sa Canariensis, Alpi'ni Bal'sa- mum, Turkey Balsam, Cana'ry Balsam, Balm of Gilead Tree, (F.) Melisse de Moldavie. A Turkish and Siberian plant, which has an aromatic taste, joined with an agreeable flavour. It has been used as a tonic. DRACONTH^SMA, see Calamus rotang. DRACONTIUM, Dracunculus. See, also, Dra- contium foetidum. Dracon'tium Fce'tidum, Dracon'tium, Icto'des fce'tidus, Symplocar'pus fce'tida, Pothos fce'tida, Arum America'num beta fo'lio, Pothos Puto'rii, Spathye'xna fce'tida, Skunk-cabbage, Skunk-weed, Poleeat-collard, Cow-collard, Collard, Itch-weed, Stink-poke, Swamp-cabbage, Pole'cat-weed, Hel- lebore, El'lebore, Irish cabbage. Nat. Ord. Aroi- deae. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. This indigenous plant, as some of its names import, is extremely fetid. The property on which its me- dical virtues are dependent, resides in a volatile principle, which is impaired by long keeping, especially in powder. Dose, of the dried root, Dracontium, (Ph. U. S.,) ten to twenty grains. It resembles asafoetida and other fetid gums in its properties; in other words, belongs to the class of reputed antispasmodics. Dracontium Angustis'patha, Symplocar'pus Angustis''patha, Narrow-spathed Skunk-cabbage, is possessed of similar properties. DRACUN'CULUS, Dracon'tium, Vena Medi- na Ar'abum, Vena seu Gor'dius Medinen' sis, Ver- mic'ulus Capilla'ris, Dracun'culus Gordius, Fila'- ria Medinen'sis seu Guineen'sis, Mali* Dracun'- culus, Mails Gor'dii, Helminthoxleus Medinensis, Muscular Hairworm, Pichios, Richo, Guinea Worm or Threadworm, (F.) Dragonneau, Ver de Guinee, Ver Filaire, V. de Midine, V. cutane, Veine de Medine. A genus of worms, frequently met with in Indian and African climes. They are characterized by a filiform body, and are smooth and nearly of equal thickness throughout. The Guinea worm, when small, insinuates itself through the cutaneous pores, and penetrates into the areolar membrane and between the muscles; especially between those of the lower limbs, where it occasions a tumour like a boil, which subse- quently suppurates, and the head of the worm appears and emerges gradually. The head must then be seized, and the worm be cautiously rolled round a small cylinder of linen or other sub- stance. Care must be taken not to break it, as 5 DRIBURG great pain and obstinate suppuration might be the consequence. Considerable obscurity rests on this subject. Some even deny that the cases of Dracunculus, on record, are really those of worms. Dracunculus Polyphyllus, Arum dracuncu- lus—d. Pratensis, Achillea ptarmica. DRAGEES, (F.) Almonds or dried preserves, covered with white sugar; Sugar-plums. DRAGEES DE KEYSER. A pharmaceuti- cal preparation, formerly much celebrated in syphilis. It was composed of acetate of mercury, manna, starch, mucilage and gum tragacanth. DRAGMA, Pugillus. DRAGMIS, Pugillus. DRAGON (F.), Dragon. Some authors have given this name to opake spots on the cornea, and to cataract. Dragon Claw, Scaly, Pterospora andromedea — d. Root, Arum triphyllum, Pterospora andro- medea—d. Turnip, Arum triphyllum. DRAGON'S BLOOD, see Calamus rotang. DRAGONNEAU, Dracunculus. DRAINING, Desicca'tio, (F.) Dessechement. The act of drawing off the water from marshes, for the purpose of destroying the unhealthy ema- nations which proceed from them. It is a well known fact, that from marshes arise certain ema- nations or miasmata, with the nature of which we are, however, totally unacquainted, but which are the fertile source of intermittents and other diseases. Draining the soil and converting it into arable land changes its character, and the malaria ceases to be given off. It has happened, however, that although in some such situations intermittents have been got rid of, consumptions have taken their place. DRAITSCH WATER, Godesberg, mineral waters of. DRAKENA, Dorstenia contrayerva. DRAPE A U, (F.) Vexillum, from drop,' cloth.' A bandage, used in wounds, Ac, of the nose, to keep the dressings in situ. It is composed of a small triangular compress, having two openings at its inferior part, corresponding to those of the nostrils. It is fixed by means of a bandage, passing from its superior angle over the head, and another passing round the head, under the orbits, so as to join the first at the nape of the neck. Also, Pterygion. DRAP FANON, see Fanon. DRASTIC, Dras'ticus, Cenot'ic, from Spata, 'I operate strongly.' Active. An epithet given to purgatives, which operate powerfully; as elate- rium, oil of croton, Ac. DRAUGHT, Haustus. A term also applied by nurses to the sudden rush of blood to the mamma}, occasioned in the mother by the sight, or even thought, of her infant, and which occa- sions a greatly increased secretion of milk. Draught, Black, see Infusum sennae compo- situm. DRAX, Pugillus. DREAM, Somnium—d. Waking, Hallucination. DRECHE, Malt. DREGS, Feculence. DREPANOIDES, Falciform. DRESS, Vestitus. DRESSER, from (F.) dresser, 'to put right.' An hospital assistant, whose office it is to dress wounds, ulcers, Ac. He corresponds in function to the Eleve externe of the French hospitals. DRESSING, Cura, Cura'tio, (F.) Pansement. The methodical application of any remedy or ap- paratus to a diseased part. Also, the remedy or apparatus itself. DRIBURG, MINERAL AVATERS OF. At 30 DRIMYPHAGIA 30 the small town of Driburg, near Pyrmont, in Germany, there are nine springs, which are rich La saline ingredients, iron, and carbonic acid gas. Their action on the economy is like that of Pyr- mont water. They contain chloride of sodium, sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, carbonate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of iron, chloride of calcium, and chloride of magnesium. DRIMYPHA'GIA, from Sptpvg, 'acrid,' 'aro- matic,' and ipayur, ' I eat.' An aromatic and ex- citing diet. DRIMYS WINTERI, Wintera aromatica. DRINK, from Sax. bjienean,Poma,Po'tio,Potus, Bev'erage, (F.) Roisson. Every liquid introduced into the alimentary canal for the purpose of re- pairing the loss of the fluid parts of the body. The necessity for its use is indicated by the sen- sation of thirst. Fluid, taken during a meal, aids in the digestion of the food. Some drinks are exciting and tonic, as the different varieties of beer, wine, and spirits, which we use at table. In a therapeutical point of view, drinks are used to appease the thirst which prevails in febrile affections, or to act as diluents in those and other cases. The ordinary drinks, according to their chemi- cal composition, are — 1. Water, spring water, river water, well water, Ac.—2. Juices and infu- sions of Animal and Vegetable substances, lemon juice, currant juice, whey, tea, coffee, mattee, Ac. —3. Fermented Liquors, wines, ale, beer, cider, perry. — 4. Spirituous Liquors, brandy, alcohol, ether, kirschwasser, rum, arack, gin, whiskey, ratafias, cordials, Ac. DRIVELLING, Slavering. DROGUE, Drug. DROGUIER, (F.) Same etymon as drug. A collection of different simple medicinal sub- DROGUISTE, Druggist. DROIT DE L'ADD OMEN, Rectus abdominis —d. Antedeur de la cxiisse, Rectus femoris—d. Antedeur de la tete, Rectus capitis internus minor d. Anterieur de la tete, grand, Rectus capitis in- ternus major—d. Externe de I'ceil, Rectus exter- nus oculi — d. Infedeur de I'ceil, Rectus inferior oculi—d. Interne de la cuisse, Gracilis—d. Interne de I'ceil, Rectus internus oculi—d. Lateral de la tete, Rectus capitis lateralis — d. Postedeur ds la tete, grand, Rectus capitis posticus major—d. Postedeur de la tete, petit, Rectus capitis posticus minor—d. Superieur, Rectus superior oculi. DROP, Gutta. Drop, Ague, tasteless, Liquor arsenicalis — d. Black, Guttse nigrae—d. Red, Ward's, see Vinum antimonii tartarizati—d. Serene, Amaurosis. DROPACISMUS, Depilation. DROPAX, Depilatory. DROPPED HANDS, see Hands, dropped. DROPS, ABBE ROUSSEAU'S, Laudanum Abbatis Rousseau—d. Anodyne, Liquor morphi- nae acetatis—d. Antiscorbutic, Marsden's, see In- fusum gentianae compositum — d. Anti-venereal, Bee Tinctura ferri muriatis — d. Chamomile, see Anthemis nobilis—d. Dutch, Balsam of sulphur, Balsam of Turpentine—d. Fit, Spiritus ammoniae fcetidus, see Fuligo —d. Golden, de la Motte's, Tinctura seu alcohol sulfurico-aethereus ferri—d. Green's, see Liquor Hydrargyri oxymuriatis—d. Jesuit's, Tinctura benzoini composita—d. Laven- der, Spiritus Lavandulae compositus — d. Nitre, Bpiritus aetheris nitrici—d. Norris's, see Antimo- nium tartarizatum—d. Norton's, Liquor Hydrar- gyri Oxymuriatis —d. Pectoral, Pectoral drops, Bateman's— d. Peppermint, Pastilli de mentha piperita—d. Soot, see Fuligo — d. Wade's, Tinc- tura benzoini composita—d. White, Ward's, see Hydrargyri nitras. 4 DUALITY Drops, Warburg's. A secret preparation used in Demarara under the name of Warburg's Fever Drops. See Bebeeru. DROPSICAL, Hydropicus. DROPSY, Hydrops—d. of the Belly, Ascites— d. of the Brain, Hydrocephalus—d. of the Cellu- lar Membrane, Anasarca — d. of the Chest, Hy. drothorax—d. of the Eye, Hydrophthalmia. Dropsy, Fibrinous. Dropsy in which the effused fluid contains fibrin. Dropsy, General, Anasarca—d. of the Head, Hydrocepbalus—d. of the Lachrymal Sac, Fistula lachrymalis, Lachrymal hernia — d. of the Peri- cardium, Hydropericardium — d. of the Perito- neum, Ascites — d. of the Pleurae, Hydrothorax — d. Water of, Serum of Serous membranes—d. Wind, Emphysema — d. of the Womb, llydro- metra. DROPWORT, Spiraea filipendula —d. Hem- lock, GSnanthe—d. Water, Hemlock, (Enanthe— d. Western, Gillenia trifoliata. DROS'ERA ROTUNDIFO'LIA. The sys- tematic name of the Sundew, Ros solis, Drosio- bot'anon, Dro'sium, Rorel'la, (F.) Rossalis. This plant has a bitter, acrid, and caustic taste. It has been used as a rubefacient, and to destroy warts and corns. It has, also, been regarded as a pectoral. DROSIOBOTANON, Drosera rotundifolia. DROSIUM, Drosera rotundifolia. DROSOMELI, Fraxinus ornus. DRUG, Medicamen'tuxn, (F.) Drogue. A name ordinarily applied to simple medicines, but, by extension, to every substance employed in the cure of disease. Menage derives it from droga., and this from the Persian droa, 'odour;' because many drugs have a strong odour. It is, doubt- less, from the Teutonic trocken, Sax. bpigan, 'to dry.' Drug. To prescribe or administer drugs. Most commonly, perhaps, to dose to excess with drugs. Drug Disease. A morbid condition, which is—or is presumed to be—caused or kept up by the administration of drugs. Drug-grinder, see Pulverization — d. Mill, see Pulverization. DRUGGIST, Drugger, Drugster. Same ety- mon. Pharmacopo'la, Materialis'ta, Seplasia'- rius, Pharmacopce'us, (F.) Droguiste. One who sells drugs. DRUM OF THE EAR, Tympanum. DRUM-SIEVE, see Cribration. DRUNKENNESS, Temulentia. DRYING, Desicca'tion, Sicca'tio, Xeran'sis, Auan'sis, Desicca'tio, Exsicca'tio; same etymon as Drug. Evaporation or removal of the super- fluous humidity in a body. Drying of Plants, Desicca'tion of Plants. Those which are very succulent should be dried quickly. They must be spread upon lattice work, covered from the light, and exposed to the heat of the sun or to that of a stove, not exceeding 110° Fahrenheit. The drying of less succulent plants can be effected at a lower temperature. Floxcers must be dried very carefully, excluding light. Seeds are dried in a place where there is a free current of air. Pulpy fruits may be exposed to a gentle heat in a stove, which may be gradually elevated. Roots may also be dried in the stove: the tuberous require to be cut in slices. DTHOKE, Frambcesia. DUAL'ITY, Dual'itas, from duo, 'two.' The state or quality of being two. Duality op the Mind, or Brain. As the organ consists of two hemispheres, they bav« been regarded by some as separately and dia- DUCKFGOT 305 FWARFISHNESS tinctly concerned in the mental and moral mani- festations. DUCKFOOT, see Kyllosis. DUCKSFOOT, Podophyllum montanum. DUCT, ALIMENTARY, Canal, alimentary, Thoracic duct;—d. of Bellini, Uriniferous tube — d. Nasal, Lachrymal duct—d. of Pecquet, Tho- racic duct — d. Vitelline, see Vesicula umbilicalis —d. of Wirsung, see Pancreas. DUCTIO PR.EPUTII, Masturbation. DUCTOR CANALICULARS, Gorget —d. Urinae, Ureter. DUCTUS, Canal, Meatus—d. Arteriosus, Arte- rial duct—-d. Auris palatinus,. Eustachian tube. Ductus Bartholinia'nus, Bartholin's Duct, (V.) Caxial de Bartholin. The excretory duct of the sublingual gland. Ductus Bel lini ani,. Uriniferous tubes — d. Biliarii, Pori biliarii — d. Botalli, Arterial duct — d. Choledochus, Choledoch duet — d. Chyliferus, Thoracic duct—d. Cibarius, Canal, alimentary — d. Ferreini, Ferrein, canal of—d. Hepaticus, Hepatic duct—d. Incisivus, Palatine duct (anterior)—-d. Intestinalis, Canal, alimen- tary— d. Lacteus, Thoracic duct—d. Lachryma- lis, Lachrymal duct — d. Lacrumalis, Lachrymal duct—d. Nasalis orbitae, Lachrymal or nasal duct —d. Nasalo^palatinus, Palatine duct (anterior)— d. ad Nasum, Lachrymal or nasal duct—d. Nu- tritii, Canals, nutritive—d. Omphalo mesenteri- eus, see Vesicula umbicalis—d.. Pancreaticus,. see Pancreas — d. Pecqueti, Thoracic duct—d. Punc- torum lachrymalium, Lachrymal ducts—d. Rivi- niani, see Sublingual gland—.d. Rorifer, Thoracic duct. Ductus Saliva'lis Infe'rior,. 2?ucras Whar- tonia'nus, (F.) Canal de Warthon. The excre- tory duct of the submaxillary gland. Ductus Saliva'lis Supe'rior, Ductus Steno- nia'nxts, Steno's Duct, (F.) Canal de Stenon. The excretory duct of the parotid gland which opens into the mouth opposite- the second upper molar tooth.. Ductus Semi-Circulares Labyrinthi, Semi- circular canals—d. Serosi, Lymphatic vessels—d. Spirales cochleae, Scalae of the cochlea—d. Ste- nonianus, Ductus salivalis superior-—d. Thora- cicus, Thoracic duct—d. Urinae, Ureter—d. Url- narius, Urethra*—d. Uriniferi Bellini, Uriniferous tubes—d. Varicosi uteri, Tubae Fallopianae — d. Venosus, Canal, venous — d. Vitellarius, see Ve- sicula umbilicalis—d. Vitello-intestinalis,.see Ve- sicula umbilicalis — d. Waltheriani, see Sublin- gual gland—-d. Whartonianus, Ductus salivalis inferior. DUELECH, Dulech. DUEL'LA. The ancient name of a weight, which was equivalent to eight scruples. DUELLUM' VENEREUM, Coition. DUG, Nipple. DULCAMARA, Solanum dulcamara—d. Flex- nosa, Solanum dulcamara. DULCEDO AMORIS, Clitoris. DULECH, Due'lech. A term employed by Paracelsus and Van Helmont to designate a pre- tended tartarized substancej which forms, in the human body, and produces aeute pain, accompa- nied with great danger; DULSE, Rhodomelapalmata—d. Pepper, Lau- rentia pinnatifida. DUMBNESS, Mutitas. DUNBLANE, MINERAL WATERS OF. The springs of' Dunblane,, in Scotland, contain sulphate of soda, chlorides- of sodium and cal- cium, and carbonate of ironi. DUNG, Fimus—d.. Cow's, Fimus Vaccae—d. Goose, Fimus anseris — d. Stone-horse, Fimus equinus. 20 DUNGA, Dengue. DUODENI'TIS, Dodecadaotyli'tis^ A hybrid term, from duodenum, and itis, denoting inflam- mation. Inflammation of the duodenum,.charac- terized by white tongue, bitter taste, anorexia, fulness and tenderness in the region ofr the duo- denum, and often yellowness of skin,, along with the ordinary signs of febrile irritation. DUODE'NUM, Ventrio'ulus Succenturia'tus, Ec'physis seu Appen'dix seu Proces'sxts Ventric'- uli, Portona'rium, Dodecodac'tylon, (from SorStxa, 'twelve,' and SaxrvXvs, 'a finger.) The duode- num is the first part of the intestinal canal, com- mencing at the pyloric orifice of the stomach, and terminating in the jejunum. Its length is about twelve fingers' breadth, and as it is only partially covered by the peritoneum, it is susceptible of considerable dilatation; hence its name Vcntri- culus suceenturiatus. In the duodenum, chylifi- cation takes place after the admixture of the biliary and pancreatic fluids with the chyme. DUO-STERNAL. Beclard thus names the second osseous portion of the sternum, which corresponds to the second intereostal space. DUPLICATION, (duo, 'two,! andplicare, 'to fold.') Duplica'tio, Duplic"itas,. Diplasias'mus, Diplo'sis. A species of malformation or mon- strosity, characterized by the parts ooncerncd being doubled. Double monsters.—Meckel. Duplication of the Fcetus, Evolution, spon- taneous. DU'PLICATURE,. Duplicatu'ra, Reflec'tn.n, from duplex, 'double,''twofold.' The folding or reflection of'a membrane upon itself; as Dupli- catxtre or reflection of the plexira, peritoneum, Ac. DUPON'DIUM. A weight of, foun drachms.. —Galen. DUR, Hard.. DURA MATER, Crassa meninx, Dura meninx, Sclerome'ninx, Meninx exte'rior, Meninx sclera, M. paehei'a of Galen, Dura membra'iiaaeir'ebrum am'biene, Cutiexila' ris membra'na, M. dermato'des, Meninge, (Ch.) It has been called dura, because of its great resistance ; and mater; because it was believed to give rise to every membrane of the body. (F.) Dux-e mere, Dure-taye (Pare'*,) It is a fibrous semitransparent membrane,.of a pearly- white colour, thick, and very resisting; lines the cavity of the cranium, and contains the spinal marrow; protects the brain and marrow; and, by its various expansions—the faix cerebri, ten- torium, Ac,—supports the different parts of the cerebral mass. The largest artery of the dura mater is the A. meningm'a me'dia. Dura- M*ater, Lateral Processes of the, Tentorium — d: m. Testis, Albuginea. DURATION OF LIFE, see Life—d. of Preg- nancy, see Preprnancy. DURE MERE, Dura mater. DURE^ TA YE, Dura mater. DUREE DE LA VIE, see Longevity. DURETE D'OREILLE, Baryecoia- I. de I'Ouie, Deafness. DUR ILL ON, Callosity. DURUS, Hard. DUSTING BAG. In pharmacy, a kind of sieve, which consists of a bag made of lawn or other like material, hung inside of a wide-mouthed bottle or tin oanister, to the mouth of which it ia secured. The powdered substance is put into the bag, and the mouth being closed with a cover, the apparatus is shaken, and the finer particle* pass into the bottle or canister. DUTROA, Datura stramonium. DWARF, Nanus — d. Flag, Iris lacustrio. DWARFISH, see Nanus. DWARFISHNESS, Nanosomus. 'I DYCTOIDES 306 DYSENTERIC DYCTOIDES, Reticular. DYERS' BROOM, Genista tinctoria—d. Weed, Genista tinctoria. Reseda luteola. DYNAMETER, Dynamometer. D Y N A M' I C, Dynam'icus, (F.) Dynamique : same etymon. In Mechanics, Dynam'ics investi- gates the powers whereby bodies are put in mo- tion, and the laws connected therewith. In Bi- ology, that which relates to-the vital forces, Vital Dynamics. The influences of agents on the or- ganism, which are ascribable to neither mecha-1 nical nor chemical causes, are sometimes termed dynamic Dynamic Diseases, see Organic. DYNAMICS, VITAL, see Dynamic DYXAMICUS, Dynamic. DYNAMIS, Faculty, Force. DYNAMOM'ETER, Myodynamiom'eter, Myo- dynamometer, from Swapig, 'force,' ' vital power,' and ptrpov, ' measure.' An instrument, contrived by M. Regnier, for measuring the comparative muscular strength jf man and animals. It con- sists of a spring, which, when pressed upon, causes a needle to move upon a portion of a circle, furnished with a scale of kilogrammes and one of myriagrammes. To measure the strength of the hands, the two branches of the spring are firmly grasped, and brought as near together as the force can carry them. This effort makes the needle traverse, and indicates, on the scale of kilogrammes, the strength of the experimenter's bands. A man,-25 or 30 years of age, exerts a force commonly equal to 50 kilogrammes or 100 pounds. The strength of the loins of a man, about 30 years of age, as indicated -by thk instrument, is usually about 30 myriagrammes, or 265 pounds, which shows the weight he is capable of raising. From experiments made by Peron, in his voy- age, on 12 individuals of Van Diemen's Land, 17 of New Holland, 56 of the Island of Timor, 17 Frenchmen belonging to the expedition, and 14 Englishmen in the colony of New South Wales, he found their comparative strength, indicated by the dynamometer, to be as follows: Natives of STRENGTH of the arm. of the loins. Kilog. lbs. Myri. lbs. 1. Van Diemen's Land. 2. New Holland. 3. Timor. 4. France. 5. England. 50.6 50.8 58.7 69.2 71.4 101.2 101.6 117.4 1.38.4 142^ 10.2 11.6 15.2 15.2 208.08 238.64 310.08 332.52i Dynamometer or Dynameter, Medic"inal. An instrument, invented by Dr. Paris, for the purpose of showing the quantity of active matter contained in a given weight or measure of any officinal compound, with the dose of any prepa- ration, which will be equivalent in strength to a given quantity of any other of the.same class. The instrument is more ingenious than useful. DYOTA, Diota. DYS, Svg, in composition, ' difficult, faulty:" sometimes privative; mostly answering to the particles dis, in, mis, or un, in English. Hence: DYS^E'MIA, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and mpa, 'blood.' A morbid condition of the blood. DYSiESTHE'SIA, Dysasthe'sis, from Svg, 'with difficulty.' and atoSavouai, 'I feel.' Ob- scure, diminished, or even abolished sensation. Dysesthesia Auditoria, Cophosis—d. Gus- tatoria, Ageustia — d. Interna, Amnesia—d. 01 factoria, Anosmia. Dysesthesia Visua'lis, Parov'sis. Sense of sight vitiated or lost. DYS.ESTHESIS, Dysesthesia. DYSANAGO'GOS, from <5tiS, 'with difficulty,' and avayox, ' I bring up.' That which is expecto- rated with difficulty. An epithet given, by the Greek writers, to the sputa, when expectorated with difficulty, on account of their viscidity. VYSA'NNA'RKHOPHF'SIS,Dysanarrhoph'ia; from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and avappoipnotg, 'ab- sorption.' Diminished absorption from morbid causes. DYS'APHE, Dysaph'ia, from Svg, and 0^17, 'feeling.' Morbid feeling. DY'SAPULO'TUS, Dysapu'lus, Dysepulo'ticus, Dysulo'tus, from Svg, and airovXow, ' to heal.' Healing with difficulty. DYS ARTHRITIS, Gout, irregular. DYSCATABROSIS, Dysphagia. DYSCATAPOSIS, Dysphagia. DYSCATAPO'TIA, from Svg, and xarairtvio, 'I drink.' Difficulty of swallowing liquids. This term is recommended by Dr. Mead as a substitute for hydrophobia, which means dread of liquids. The dread seems to be partly caused by the diffi- culty of deglutition. DYSCIIE'ZIA; from Svg, and xfyv, 'to go to stool.' Difficult and painful defecation. DYSCHRCE'A,from Svg, 'with difficulty,'and XPoa or XPota> ' colour.' Dischro'a. Sickly and unhealthy colour of the skin. Used synony. mously with the maenlm of Willan. DYSCIIROMATOPSIA, Achromatopsia. D YSCHYMOSEN, Chymoplania. DYSCINE'SIA, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and Ktvtor, ' I move.' Difficulty or utter incapability of movintr.—Galen. DYSCOILTA, Constipation. DYSCOPHO'SIS, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and xotpoia, ' I am deaf.' A defect in the sense of hearing.—Hippocrates. DYSCO'RIA, Caremetamorpho'sis, from Svg, and xopn, ' the pupil.' Irregularity of shape of the pupil. DYSCRA'SIA, from Svg, and xpaotg, 'tempera- ment.' Intempe'ries, Distemperan'tia, Dys'crasy. A bad habit of body. Dyscrasia Scrofulosa, Scrofula — d. Tuber- culosa, see Tubercle. DYSCRASIACUM, Spanaemic. DYSCRASLE, Dysthetica. DY'SCRASY, Dyscrasia—d. Bilious, Cholosis, Icterus. DY'S'CRITOS, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and xptatg, 'judgment.' That which it is difficult to judge of.—Hippocrates. DYSDA'CRIA, Dysdacryo'sis, from Svg, and Saxpvov, ' a tear.' A morbid condition of the tears. DYSDACRYOSIS, Dysdacria. DYSECCRIS'IA, from Svg, and txxptatg, 'ex- cretion.' Difficult or defective excretion. DYSEC(EA, Baryecoia, Deafness. DYSEL'CIA, Dysepulo'tus, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and 'tXxog, ' an ulcer.' An ulcer diffi- cult to heal.—Hippocrates, Foesius. DYSEMESIA, Vomiturition. DYSEXTERIA, Dysentery—d. Biliosa, Colo- chqlosis.—d. Hasmatera, Dysentery—d. Hepatica, Hepatirrhcea—d. Maligna, Enterocace — d. Pu- trida, Enterocace— d. Scorbutica, Enterocace — d. Splenica. Melaena—d. Typhodes, Enterocace. DY'SENTER'IC, Dysenter'icus, Dysen'tcrue, DYSENTERIUM 307 DYSPATHIA same etymon as Dysentery. Relating to dysen- tery. DYSENTERIUM, Dysentery. DYSENTERONERVIA, Colic—d. Saturnina, Colica metallica. DY'S'ENTERY, Dysenter'ia, Dysenter'ium, Dysenter'ia hamate'ra, Difflctd'tas intestino'ram, from Svg, and tvrtpov, ' an intestine;' Dissolu'tus morbus, Diarrhce'a carnosa, Colitis, Coloni'tis, Colo-recti''tis, Endocoli'tis, Esocoli'tis, Deflux'us Dysenter'icus, Febris Dysenter'ica, Flumen dy- senter'icum, Fluxua dysenter'icus, F. cruen'ttts cum Tenes'mo, Rheumotis'mus intestino'rum cum ulcere, Tor'mina Celsi, Tor'mina, Rlennenter'ia, Morbus dissolu'tus, Sedes cruen'ta, Lues dyaen- ter'ica, Bloody Flux; Flux, (F.) Flux dysente- rique, Flux de Sang. Inflammation of the mu- cous membrane of the large intestine; the chief symptoms of which are:—fever, more or less in- flammatory, with frequent mucous or bloody evacuations; violent tormina and tenesmus. When the evacuations do not contain blood, it has been called Dysenter'ia alba or simple Dysen- tery. The seat of the disease is, generally, in the colon and rectum. It occurs, particularly, dur- ing the summer and autumnal months, and in hot climates more than in cold : frequently, also, in camps and prisons, in consequence of impure air, and imperfect nourishment: and is often epidemic. Sporadic cases of dysentery are, gene- rally, easily managed; but when the disease oc- curs epidemically, it often exhibits great malig- nancy. Generally, it yields to mild laxatives, as castor oil, combined with diaphoretic narcotics, such as the pulvis ipecacuanha compositus, and counter-irritants to the abdomen; but, at times, the inflammation runs on so speedily to ulcera- tion, that, unless a new action be rapidly excited, death will be the consequence. In such cases, mercury must be rapidly introduced into the system, and narcotics may be combined with it. The whole management in acute dysentery must, of course, be strictly antiphlogistic. Dysentery, Bilious, Colocholosis. DYSEPULOTICUS, Dysapulotus. DYSEPULOTOS, Dyselcia. DYSGALACTIA, Dysgalia. DYSGA'LIA, Dysgalac'tia, from Svg, and yaXa, 'milk.' An unhealthy condition or depravation of the milk. DYSGENNE'SIA, from Svg, and ytwnoig, 'ge- neration.' Lesion of the generative organs or functions. DYSGEU'SIA, Disgeus'tia, from Svg, and ytvoig, ' taste.' A morbid condition of the sense of taste. DYSH^EMORRHCE'A, from Svg, 'a-.pa, 'blood,' and ptu>, ' to flow.' Difficulty in the flow of blood, —according to some, of the hemorrhoidal flux. Also, symptoms occasioned by its diminution or suppression.—Sagar. DYSH^E'MIA, from Svg, and 'atpa, 'blood.' A morbid condition of the blood. DYrSHAPH'IA, Dysaph'ia, from Svg, and 'aTn, 'touch.' A morbid condition of the sense of touch. DYSHI'DRIA, Dysi'dria, from Svg, and 'tSpiag, ' sweat.' A morbid state of the perspiration. DYSIA'TOS, Svatarog, from Svg, 'with diffi- culty,' and taopat, 'to heal;' Cttra'tu difflc"ilis. Difficult of cure.—Hippocrates. DYSLALIA, Balbuties, Bradylogia. DYSLOCHI'A, Colica lochia'lis, Hysteral'gia lochia'lis, from Svg, and Xo^ioj; 'relating to par- turition.' Diminution or suppression of the lo- chial discharge. DYSMASE'SIS, Dysmasse'sis, Pradymasse'sis, from Svg, ' with difficulty,' and paanatg, ' mastica- tion.' Difficult or impeded mastication. DYrSMENIA, Dysmenorrhcea. D YSMENORRHEE, Dysmenorrhea. I)YTSMENORRII03'A, Dysme'xiia, Parame'nia diffic"ilis, Menorrha'gia stillati"tia, Men'slrua difficil'ia, M. Doloro'sa, Amenorrhea iliffic"ilis seu partia'lis, Menses dolorif'iea, Menorrha'gia dijjflc"ilis, Menstrua'tio diffic"ilis, 31. dolorif'- iea, Labo'rious or Difficult Menstrua'tion, (F.) Dysmenorrhee, Menstruation difficile, Rfgles diffi- ciles, Strangurie menstruelle. Catamenia passed with great local pain, especially in the loins :— with sometimes a membranous discharge. Dys- menorrhoea is very difficult of removal, and pre- vents conception. In the married female, if she should be able to pass one period without pain, and subsequently become pregnant, the morbid action may be broken in upon by gestation, and a perfect cure be obtained. Change of air, soon after marriage, will sometimes give occasion to this desirable result. The affection generally de- pends upon erethism of the interior of the uterus, called into action at each catamenial pe- riod. The violence of the pain requires the libe- ral use of narcotics. DYSMNE'SIA; from Svg, 'badly,' and pvnotg, 'memory.' Defective memory. DYSMORPHE, Deformation. DYSMORPHIA, Deformation. DYSMORPHOSIS, Deformation. D YSNEPHRONER VIE, Nephralgia, DYSODES, Fetid. DYTSO'DIA, Dysod'mia, Dysos'xnia, Fcctor, 'foetor,' from Svg, 'badly,' and »c>, 'I smell.' (F.) Puanteur. Sauvages has given this generic name to all diseases, characterized by fetid ema- nations, from whatever part proceeding; — from the mouth, nasal fossae, bronchia, stomach, axil- las, groins, Ac. Also, a stench or stink, Psoa. DYSODMIA, Dysodia. DYSODONTFASIS,Denf»y'u> diffic"ilis, from Svg, ' with difficulty,' and oSovriaotg, ' dentition.' Difficult dentition. DYSOXEI'ROS, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and ovttpog, 'a dream.' Insomnia, with restlessness. DYSO'PIA, properly Dysop'sin, Dysora'sis, signifying ' shame,' from Svg, ' with difficulty,' and anropat, ' I see.' Difficulty of seeing : obscu- rity of virion. Dysopia Dissitqrum, Myopia. Dysopia Latera'lis, Parop'sis latera'lis, Slue-sight, Sight askew. Vision only accurate when the object is placed obliquely. This state is generally caused by some opacity of the cornea. Dysopia Luminis, Nyctalopia — d. Proximo- rum, Presbytia—d. Tenebrarum, Hemeralopia. DYSOPSIA, Dysopia. DYSORASIS, Dysopia. DYSOREX'IA, Inappeten'tio, Appeli'tus de- fle"iens, from <5ij, 'with difficulty,' and opt^ig, 'appetite.' Diminution of appetite. DYSOS'MIA, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and oapn, 'smell.' Diminution of smell. DYSOSPHRE'SIA, Dysosphre'sis, Dysosphra'- sia, Dysphre'sis, from Svg, and oo-ippnctg, 'the sense of smell.' A morbid state of the sense of smell. DYSOSTOSIS; from Svg, and oortov, 'a bone.' A faulty conformation or morbid condition of bone. DYSPATHIA, see Serious. DYSPEPSIA 30! DYSPEPSIA, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and xttirrij), ' I concoct.' Limo'sis Dyspe2)'sia, Ano- rex'ia, Apep'da, Rradypep'sia, Gastroatax'ia, Diges'tio deprava'ta, D. diffic"ilis, D. lasa, Gas- tro-oto'nia, Concoc'tio tarda, Stom'achi reaolu'tio, Cru'ditae, Paaaio stomach' ica, Indigestion, Diffi- culty of Digestion. A state of the stomach, in which its functions are disturbed, without the presence of other diseases, or when, if other dis- eases be present, they are of but minor import- ance. The symptoms of dyspepsia are very va- rious. Those affecting the stomach itself are:— loss of appetite ; nausea; pain in the epigastrium or hypochondrium; heart-burn; sense of fulness, or weight in the stomach; acrid or fetid eructa- tions ; pyrosis, and sense of fluttering or sinking at the pit of the stomach. The sympathetic affec- tions are of the most diversified character. Dys- pepsia, being generally of a functional nature, is devoid of danger. When arising from disease of the stomach itself, it is, of course, more serious. It is usually dependent on irregularity of living; either in the quantity or quality of the food taken: and the most successful treatment is, to put the patient on a diet easy of digestion; to combat the causes, where such are apparent; and, by proper remedies and regimen, to strengthen the system in every practicable manner. A great error exists in regarding it as always a disease of debility. It is often connected with an inflammatory or subinflammatory condition of the mucous lining of the stomach, and of course a very different plan of treatment is required in the two cases. Dyspepsia is often attended with too great a se- cretion of the gastric acids; but, on other occa~ sions, they would appear to be too small in quan»- tity, so as to constitute alkaline indigestion or neutral indigestion. Dyspepsia Chlorosis, Chlorosis — d. Hypo- chondriasis, Hypochondriasis — d. Pyrosis, Py- rosis. DYSPEPSIODYNIA, Cardialgia. DYSPEPSODYNIA, Cardialgia. DlrSPEP'TIC, Dyspep'ticus, Dyspep'tus, Apep'tic, Apep'ticus ; same etymon. Having re- lation to dyspepsia, as 'dyspeptic bread.' One who suffers from dyspepsia. DYSPEPTICUS, Dyspeptic. DYSPEPTODYNIA, Cardialgia. DYSPEPTUS, Dyspeptic. DYSPERMA'SIA, Dyspermatr's'mus, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and o-ntppa, 'sperm.' Difficulty —sometimes incapacity—of voiding the sperm. DYSPERMATISMUS, Bradyspermatismus. DYSPHA'GIA, Dyscatabro'sis, Dyscatap'osxs, Deglutil'io diffic"ilis, D. la'sa, D. impedi'ta, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and ifrayio, 'I eat.' Difficulty of deglutition. Dysphagia is almost always symptomatic, either of inflammation or of other disease of the organs of deglutition, or of incomplete obstruction of the oesophagus, by some obstacle within it, or by a neighbouring tu- mour. At times, it is produced by spasm or pa- ralysis of the oesophagus. The prognosis and treatment vary according to the cause. Dysphagia Atonica, Pharyngoplegia. Dyspha'gia Constric'ta, D. Pharyngea, D. (Esophagea, D. Callo'sa, Strictu'ra Pharyn'gis Beu CEsoph'agi vera, S. CE. Callo'sa, Stenocho'- ria QZsoph'agi, CEsophagiarc'tia, Lamosteno'sis. Stricture of the pharynx and oesophagus is an affection which may be the result of pharyngitis or oesophagitis; but more frequently of malignant disease in the parietes of the tube. The only remedy is the bougie. Dyspha'gia Inflammatoria, Oesophagitis — d Pharyngea. D. Constricta—d. QSsophagea, D. 8 DYSTOCIA Constricta—d. Spasmodica, ffisophagismus—d. Callosa, D. Constricta — d. Paralytica, ffisopha- goplegia, Pharyngoplegia—d. Nervosa, (Esopha- gismus—d. Torpida, Pharyngoplegia—d. Globosa, Angone—d. Hysterica, Angone—d. Inflammato- ria, Cynanche tonsillaris — d. Linguosa, Para- glossa—d. Ranula, Ranula—d. Uvulosa, Staphy- loedema—d. Scirrhosa, Laemoscirrhus — d. Spas- tica, (Esophagismus. DYSPHO'NIA, from Svg, and iporvn, 'the voice.' Difficulty of producing and articulating sounds: voice imperfect or depraved. Apho'nia, (of some.) Dysphonia Immodulata Nasalis, Rhinopho- nia—d. Immodulata palatina, Asaphia. DYSPHOR'IA, Inquietu'do, Asta'sia. Dissatis- faction ; restlessness; suffering; indisposition; from Svg, and epu>, ' I bear.' Dysphoria Anxietas, Anxiety — d. Nervosa, Fidgets—d. Simplex, Fidgets. DYSPHOTIA, Myopia. DYSPHRESIS, Dysosphresia. DYSPIO'NIA, from Svg, and muv, 'fat.' A morbid condition of the adipous substance. DYSPLASMATIC, Cacoplastic. DYSPLASTICUM, Spansemic. DYSPNffi'A, from Svg, and irvtio, 'I breathe." Pseudo-asthma, Amphipneu'ma, Respira'tio dif- fic"ilis seu brevis et rara, Prachypnce'a, Retentio ae'rea, Anhela'tion, Short breath, Difficulty of breathing, (F.) Courte Haleine. Dyspnoea may be idiopathic or symptomatic. The latter accom- panies almost all thoracic diseases. Urgent dys- pnoea has been called amphipneu'ma, apiptirvtvpa. —Hippocrates. Dyspncea Convulsiva, Asthma — d. Hydro- thoracica, Hydrothorax — d. Physothoracica, Pneumothorax—d. Pinguedinosa, Pursiness — d. Pneumatica, Pneumothorax — d. Pyothoracica, Empyema. DYSSIA'LIA, from Svg, and ctaXog, 'saliva.' A morbid condition of the saliva. DYSSYrN'ODUS, Dyssynu'sia, from Svg, and rmvoSog, ' coition.' Co'itus diffic"ilis. Difficulty in coition. DYSSYNUSIA, Dyssynodus. DYSTHAN'ATOS, from Svg, and Savarog, ' death.' That which causes a slow and painful death. One who experiences this kind of death. —Hippocrates, Galen. DYSTHELA'SIA, from Svg, and 5^Xa^, 'I give suck.' Inaptitude for suckling. DYSTHERAPEU'TOS, Diffrciliter cura'bilis ; from Svg, and Stpavtta, ' medical treatment.' That which is difficult of cure. DYSTHE'SIA, from Svg, 'badly,' and nhph 'I am situate.' Dys'thesis, Cachex'ia. Morbid habit. Bad humour. Impatience in disease.—Erotian. DYSTHET'ICA, Cachex'ia, Cachexies; san:e etymon. A morbid condition of the blood or blood-vessels; alone or connected with a morbid state of other fluids, producing a diseased habit. The fourth order in the class Hamatica of Good, including Plethora, Hmmorrhagia, Ac. DYSTHYM'IA, from Svg, and Svpog, 'mind.' Depression, Despondency. A bad sign in acute diseases. Also, Melancholy. DYSTOCIA, Mogostoc'ia, Rradytoc'ia, Reten'- tio fcetus, from Svg, and roxog, 'accouchement.' A laborious accouchement, Labo'rious labour, Parodyn'io, morbid labour, difficult labour, Par- tus diffie"ilis. See Laborious. Dystocia Abortiva, Abortion—d. Dyscyesis, Pregnancy, morbid—d. Dyscyesis extra-uterina, see Pregnancy, preternatural. DYSTCECHIASIS 309 EAU DYST03CHI'ASIS,fl7*j9uZ'/7a9, from Svg, 'bad,' and oroi^oc, ' order.' Irregular position of the eye-lashes.—Forestus. DYSTON'IA, from Svg, and rovog, ' tone.' Mor- bid condition of the tone of a tissue or organ. DYSTROPHIA, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and rpotpn, ' nourishment.' Imperfect or defective nutrition. DYSULOTUS, Dysapulotus. DYSURE'SIA, Dysure'sis; from Svg, and ovpn- atg, 'passing the urine.' Defective secretion and evacuation of the urine. I EAGLE-STONE, Writes. EAR, Auris, Ous, ovg, Ac'oe, Saxon, earte, (F.) Oreille. The organ of audition. It is composed of a series of more or less irregular cavities, in which the sonorous rays are successively received and reflected, until they agitate the nerves which are destined to convey the impression to the brain. The ear is contained partly in the substance of the temporal bones; and a part projects exter- nally, behind the joint of the lower jaw. It may be divided into three portions;—the outer or ex- ternal ear; formed by the auricle and meatus au- ditorius ; the middle ear, comprising the cavity of the tympanum and its dependencies; and the internal ear, comprehending the three semicircular canals, the cochlea and the vestibule; which, to- gether, constitute the osseous labyrinth. Within the cavity of this labyrinth are contained mem- branes having nearly the shape of the vestibule and semicircular canals, but not extending into the cochlea. These membranes form the mem- branous labyrinth. Between the osseous and the membranous labyrinth is situate the liquor of Cotunnius, and within the membranous labyrinth is a fluid, termed, by De Blainville, vitrine audi- tive, from its supposed analogy to the vitreous humour of the eye. The form of the membranous vestibule is not an exact imitation of the osseous cavity, being composed of two distinct sacs, which open into each other,—the one termed the Sae'- culua veatib'uli; the other Soc'cultts. Each sac contains in its interior a small mass of white cal- careous matter resembling powdered chalk, which seems to be suspended in the fluid of the sacs by means of a number of nervous filaments pro- ceeding from the auditory nerve. These are the otoconies and otolithes of Breschet. The auditory nerve is distributed to the cavi- ties of the internal ear. EAR-DOCTOR, Aurist —e. Flap, Proptoma auficularum. EAR-PICK, Otog'lyphis, Otog'lyphum, Coch- lear auricula're, Auriscalpium, (F.) Cure-oreille. A species of small scoop, used for extracting hardened cerumen from the meatus auditorius externus; or to remove foreign bodies from the ear. If carelessly used, it is apt to excite inflam- mation of the tube. EAR-SURGEON, Aurist—e. Surgery, Otiatria. EAR-TRUMPET, Tubus acus'ticus, Acus'ticum Cornu, (F.) Cox-net ac.oustique. An instrument for collecting sound and increasing its intensity, used by those who are hard of hearing. It is, com- monly, a kind of cone, formed of silver, tin, or elastic gum, the base of which is turned towards the person who is speaking, and the apex placed in the entrance of the meatus auditorius externus. DYSU'RIA, Uri'na diffic"ilis excre'tio, from Svg, 'with difficulty,' and ovpov, 'urine.' Stran'- gury, (of some.) Difficulty of passing the urine. In this affectien the urine is voided with pain, and a sensation of heat in some part of the urethra. Dysuria is the first degree of retention of urine. It differs from strangury, in which the urine can only be passed in drops and with great straining. Dysuria Calculosa, Calculi, vesical — d. Irritata, Calculi, vesical — d. Mucosa, Cystir- I rhoea. EARWAX, Cerumen. EARWIG, Forficula auricularia. EARTH CLUB, Orobanche Americana — e. Fuller's, Cimolia purpurescens — e. Gall, Vera^- trum viride—e. Heavy, Baryta—e. Japan, Cate- chu—e. Lemnian, Terra Lemnia—e. Nut, Pignut, Bunium balboeastanum—e. Ponderous, Baryta— e. Samian, Sami terra—e. Sealed, Terra sigillata —e Talc, Magnesia. EATABLE, Esculent. EAU, Water — e. d'Aix-la-Chapelle, see Aix- la-Chapelle. EAU D'ALIROUR. This compound is made of sxdphate of zinc, and aulphate of copper, each ^j ,* camphor, ten grains; saffron, four grains; xvater, four fluidounces. Employed in chronic inflammation of the eyelids, and as a vulnerary. EAU DE L'AMNIOS, Liquor amnii — e. d'Amandea amlrea, Aqua amygdalarum concen- trata. EAU ANTIPUTRIDE DE PEAUFORT. Mineral lemonade prepared with sulphuric acid. EAU D'ARMAGNAC, Tinctura cinnamomi composita—e. de Rolarxic, Balaruc waters—e. de Paregea, Bar6ges water — e. de Rinelli, Aqua Binellii — e. Blanche, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus — e. de Bonferme, Tinctura cinnamomi composita—e. de Bonxies, Bonnes, mineral waters of—e. de Boule, see Ferrum tartarizatum — e. de Bonrbonne-les-Bains, Bourbonne-les-Bains, mi- neral waters of—e. de Brocchieri, Aqua Broechi- erii — e. des Carmes, see Melissa — e. de Chaux, Liquor calcis—e. de Chaux composee, Liquor cal- cis compositus. EAU DE COLOGNE, Cologne water. A cele- brated perfume, so called from the place where it is made. The following is one formula: Oil of bergamot, ,^iij ; Oil of lemon, 3jij ; Oil of Laven- der, g'inss; Oil of neroli, %'uss ; Oil of origanum, O'j > Oil of rosemary, £j ; Essence of vanilla, JJij ; Musk, ten grains; Rectified spirit, Oxiij ; Rose- xoater, Oij; Orange-flower water, Oj. Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. EAU DE CUIVRE AMMONIACALE, Li- quor cupri ammoniati — e. Distiliee, Water, dis- tilled— e. de Fontaine, Water, spring — e. dea Fontaines de la Mnreguerie, Rouen, mineral wa- ters of—e. contre In Gangrene, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici—e. de Goudron, see Pinus sylvestris—e. de Goulard, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. EAUHEMASTATIQUE DE TISSERAND. A hemastatic water reputed to possess the same properties as the Aqua Brocchierii. It may be prepared by digesting dragon'a blood, and turpen- tine of the Vosges in xvater. EAU D'HUSSON, Vinum colchici — *. dee E. EAU 310 ECDEMIOMANIA Hydropxques, Serum of serous membranes — e. Hydroaulfuree aimple, Hydrosulphuretted water. EAU DE JAVELLE, Pleaching liquid, Aqua alkali'na oxymurialica, Labarraqtte's Solution, (Common salt, Ibij ; black oxide oj' manganese, ft)j; xvater, Ibij. Put into a retort, and add, gra- dually, oil of vitriol, Ibij. Pass the vapour through a solution of subcarbonate of potassa ^iij in water §xxix, applying heat towards the last. S. g. 1.087.) It is stimulant, detergent, and antiseptic, —applied externally. EAU DE LAC, Water, lake—e. de Luce, Spi- ritus ammonias succinatus—e. Magnesienne, Mag- nesia, fluid—e. de Marais, Water, marsh—e. Me- dicinale d'Husson, see Colchicum autumnale—e. de Mer, Water, sea — e. Mercurielle, Liquor hy- drargyri nitrici—e. Minerale, Water, mineral-—e. de Monterossi, Aqua Binellii—e. de Naples, Na- ples water, factitious — e. de Ndge, Water, snow —e. de Pluie, Water, rain—e. de Potasse, Liquor potassas — e. de Puit, Water, well — c de Rabel, Elixir acidum Halleri—e. Regale, Nitro-muriatic acid—e. de Source, Water, well—e. Styptique de Rrocehieri, Aqua Brocchierii—e. Sucree, Hydro- saccharum — e. Vegeto-minerale, Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis dilutus—e. de Vichy, Vichy water— e. de Vie, Brandy—e. de Vie Allemande, Tinctura jalapii composita — e. de Vie camphree, Spiritus camphoras. EAUX, LES, Liquor amnii — e. Hepatiques, Waters, mineral, sulfureous—e. Minerales artifi- cielles, Waters, mineral, artificial — e. Minerales factices, Waters, mineral, artificial—e. Minerales ferrugineuses, Waters, mineral, gaseous, Ac.—e. Minerales gaseuses ou acidulcs, Waters, mineral, gaseous, Ac—e. Minerales salines, Waters, mine- ral, saline — e. Minerales sulfureuses, Waters, mineral, sulfureous—e. Sulfur-ees, Waters, mine- ral, sulfureous. EBEAUPIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. An acidulous chalybeate, in the department of Loire Inferieure, near Nantes. FBLOUISSEMENT, Dazzling. EBRIECA'SUM. A term employed by Para- celsus to denote a disturbance of the reason, simi- lar to what occurs in drunkenness. EBRIETAS, Temulentia. EBRIOSITAS, Temulentia. EBULLITIO, Ebullition, Strophulus—e. Sto- machi, Ardor ventriculi, Pyrosis. EBULLPT'ION, Ebullrfio, jEstuat"io,Anaz'- esis, Caasis, from ebullire, 'to bubble up.' Roil- ing ; (F.) Bouillonnemcnt. The motion of a liquid, by which it gives off bubbles of vapour, by heat or fermentation. The boiling point of liquids varies according to the pressure to which they are subjected. For the point of ebullition of different substances, see Heat. Ebullition is used in France, in a vague man- ner, for every kind of transient eruption of the skin, occurring without fever or with a slight febrile attack. EBIILUS, Sambucus ebulus. EBUR, Ivory. E B U R NIFIC A'T 10 N, Eburnifiea'tio, from ebur, 'ivory,' and fio, 'to be made.' An incrus- tation of the articular surfaces of bones with phosphate of lime, which gives them the white- ness and hardness of ivory. EC, (before a vowel, Ex,) tx, t%, ' out of, from, of Hence, Ecchymoma, Eclectic, Ac. ECAILLE, Scale. EC'AILLES D'HUITRES, Ostreaa testes. ECAILLEUX, Squamous. ECBALIA ELATERIUM, Momordica elate- rium. ECBESOMENON, Eventus. ECBLOMA, see Abortion. ECBOLE, Abortion. ECBOLIC, Abortive. ECBOLICUS, Abortive. ECBOLIUM ELATERIUM, Momordica ela- terium. ECBOLIUS, Abortive. ECBRAS'MATA, from tx0pa£w, 'I boil up.' Ecchym'ata. Hippocrates uses the word for cer- tain burning eruptions. ECCATHARTICUS, Cathartic. ECCEPHALO'SIS, Excerebra'tio, Cephalo- tom'ia, from tx, ' out,' and xcipaXn, ' head.' The removal of the brain of the child to facilitate delivery. ECCHELYSIS, Expectoration. ECCHORESIS, Defecation. ECCHYLOMA, Succus expressus. ECCHYMATA, Ecbrasmata. ECCIIYMO'MA, Ecchymo'sis, Pelidno'ma, Pe- lio'ma, Hypha'ma, Hypoa'ma, Hypoa'mia, from tx, 'out of,' and xvu0i> 'Juice/ 'humour;' Effxl- sio, Exsucca'tio, Stiffu'sio san'guinis. A livid, black, or yellow spot, Livor sanguin'eus, pro- duced by blood effused into the areolar tissue from a contusion. Spontaneous effusions, occur- ring as the result of disease or after death, are called sxtggillations. Ecchymoma Arteriosum, see Aneurism — e. Capitis recens natorum, Cephalsematoma — e. Hyponychon, Hyponychon — e. Lympbaticum, Phleginatia dolens—e. Melasma, Melasma. ECCHYMOSIS, Ecchymoma. ECCHYSIS, Effusion. ECCLISIS, Luxation. EC'COPE, Ec'tome, Ectom'ia, from tx, and xoirrtiv, ' to cut.' The act of eutting out: also, a perpendicular division of the cranium by a cutting instrument. See Entaille. ECCOP'EUS. Same etymon. A knife or in- strument for cutting. An ancient instrument— the raspatory—used in trepanning. ECCOPROSUESTHE'SIS, from tx, xoirpog, 'ex- crement,' and aiodnotg, 'sensation.' The sensa- sion or desire to evacuate the bowels. ECCOPROSIS, Defecation. ECCOPROT'IC, Eccoprol icus,Ectoprot' ic, from £?, 'out of,' and xoirpog, 'excrement.' Mild pur- gatives or laxatives, whose operation is confined to simply clearing out the intestinal canal. ECCORTHAT'ICUS, from tx, 'out of,' and xopOaox, ' I collect.' An ancient epithet for reme- dies to which was attributed the property of evacuating collections of humours. ECCRINOL'OGY, Eccdnolog"ia, Eccrido- log"ia, from txxptvor, (tx, and xpivio,) 'I separate,' and Xoyog, ' a discourse.' A treatise on the secre- tions. ECCRISIOLOGIA, Eccrinology. ECCRISION'OSI, Eecresionu'si, from ixxptotg, ' excretion,' and vooog, ' disease.' Diseases of excretion. # ECCRISIOS'CHESIS, from txxpiotg, 'excre- tion/ and o-^to-ic, ' retention.' Arrest or retention of excretions ; or of a critical evacuation. EC'CRISIS, Excretion. ECCRTT'ICA. Diseases of the excernent function. _ The 6th class in Good's Nosology Also, medicines that act on the excernent system. ECCYTESIS, Pregnancy, extra-uterine—e. Ab- dominalis, Pregnancy abdominal — e. Ovaria, Pregnancy, ovarial—e. Tubalis, Pregnancy, tubal. ECCYTIO'SIS, from tx, 'out of,' and xvXttiv, 'to turn round.' Morbus evolutio'nis. A disease of evolution or development. ECDEMIOMA'NIA, Ecdemion'osus, from txStt- ECDEMIONOSUS 311 ECONOMY ptw, ' I travel about,' and pavta, ' mania.' A mor- bid desire to be travelling about. ECDEMIONOSUS, Ecdemiomania. EC'DORA, from ex, and Stpux, 'I flay.' Anad'- ora, Excorin'tio. Excoriation in general, but more especially of the urethra. EC'DYSIS, from txSva, (tx, and Sua,) 'I put off.' Moulting of the skin of animals. Desqua- mation. ECHALOTTE, Eschalotte, Allium Ascalon'- icum. Cepa Ascalon'ica. The shallot'. A species of allium, employed in culinary preparations. ECHANCRURE (F.), Emargina'tio, Emargi- natu'ra, Incisu'ra. A French word, employed by anatomists to designate depressions and notches of various shapes, observed on the surface or edges of bones. ECHANCRURE ETHMOIDALE is on the nasal bone, which unites with the ethmoid. See Ethmoid. ECHANCR URE NASA LE, Nasal Notch, be- longs to the os frontis, and is articulated with the bones of the nose. ECHANCRURE PAROTIDIENNE is a tri- angular space, comprised between the parotidean edge of the inferior maxillary bone and the mas- toid process, so called because it lodges the pa- rotid gland. ECHANCRURE SOAPULAIRE, Notch, sca- pular—e. Scintique grande, see Sciatic Notch—e. Seiatique petite, see Sciatic Notch. ECHARDE, Splinter. ECHARPE GRANDE, et E. MOYEN, see Sling—e. de J. L. Petit, see Sling—e". Petite, see Sling. ECHAUROULURES (F.), Sudam'ina, Hi- dro'a. A word whose meaning is hot fixed. It is applied to any eruption on the surface of the body, accompanied with pricking and other un- easy sensations. ECU A UFFANTS, Calefacients. ECHAUFFEMENS, Chafing. ECHAUFFEMENT (F.) Calefac'tio, Excale- fac'tio, from. (F.) echauffer, (calefaeere,) 'to make warm.' Augmentation of heat in tbe animal economy ; the symptoms of which are a more than ordinary sensation of heat, disposition to perspiration, great thirst, general indisposition, flushed countenance, Ac. It goes off by the use of antiphlogistics and abstinence. In the vulgar language it is often used synonymously with con- atipation, and sometimes for simple gonorrhoea, and for chafing. EC1IEC0L'L0XT, from t^w, 'Ihave/andicoAAa, 'glue.' Echeeollum. Any topical glutinous re- medy.—Gorrasus, Galen. ECHELLES DU LIMAgON, Scalaa of the cochlea. ECHEXTEIS, Remora Hildani. ECIIETROSIS, Bryonia alba. ECHID'XTA OCELLA'TA, Rrpxcn ten-inch- long viper. A most formidable viper in the forests of Peru, the bite of which is so rapidly fatal, that it kills a strong man in two or three minutes. Tschudi. ECHINA'CEA PURPU'REA, Purple Cone- flower, Plack Sampson, of the Composite Family; indigenous in Ohio and westward; its dull pur- ple flowers appearing in July. The root is aro- matic, and used popularly as a carminative. ECHINE, Vertebral column. ECHINOCOCCUS HOMINIS, see Worms e. Humanus, Hydatid. ECHINODERMI, Porcupine men. ECHINOGLOSSUM, Ophioglossum vulgatu ECHINOPHTHAL'MIA, from f^tvoy, 'a hedge- hog,' and oipSaXpia, ' inflammation of the eye.' Ophthalmia of the eyelids, in which the cilia pro- ject like the quills of the hedgehog. ECHi'NOPS, from txivog, 'hedgehog,' and ord/, 'appearance.' Crocodilion, Acanthalzuca, Scabio'-sa' carduifo'lia, Spharoceph'ala ela'tior, Echlnopus,Echinops Spharoceph'alus. The globe thistle. The root and seeds are reputed to be moderately diuretic. ECHIXOPUS, Echinops. ECHINUS SCANDENS, Allamanda. ECHOS, Sound, Tinnitus aurium. ECHOSCOPE, Auscultation. ECHOSCOPIUM, Stethescope. ECHTHYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra- uterine. ECLACTIS'MA, Eclamp'sia, Eclamp'sia, Epi- lamp'sis, Effulgescen' tio, from txXaxnfa, ' I kick.' Epilepsy is often accompanied with flashings of light; and hence Hippocrates has used the last two words for epilepsy. They have all been ap- plied to the convulsions of children. ECLAIRE, Chelidonium majus—e. Petite, Ranunculus ficaria. ECLAMP'SIA, Convulsion: also, the convul- sions of children, Eclamp'sia infan'tum, Epilep'- sia acu'ta infan'tum, E. febri'lis infa-n'tum, E. pucri'lis, (F.) Convulsions des Exifans, Eclampsie. Eclamp'sia Gravida'rum et Parturien'- tium; Puerperal Convulsions, (F.) Oonvttlsiona desfemmes enceintes et en couche. Convulsions of pregnant and parturient women. Eclampsia Infantum, see Eclampsia — e. Nu- tans, Convulsion, Salaam—e.Typbodes,Raphania. ECLAMPSIE DES ENFANS, Eclampsia infantum. I ECLECTIC, (PHYSICIANS,) Eelec'tici Med'id, from txXtyur, 'I choose.' A sect of phy- sicians, who professed to choose, from other sects, all the opinions which appeared to them best founded. Agathinus of Sparta, master of Archi- genes of Apamasa, in Syria, was its reputed founder; and Archigenes and Aretaeus were its greatest ornaments. The doctrine was called Eclec'tism, Eclectis'mus, Medici'na eclec'tica, Eclectic med'icine. Every judicious physician must be an eclectic. ECLECTISM, see Eclectic ECLEC'TOS, Eclig'ma, Elig'mo. Elix'is, Lam- bitlvum, Linetus, Lirictua'rittm, from txXixox, 'I lick.' (F.) Looch. A medicine, of a thick, sy- rupy consistence, chiefly used to allay cough, and consisting of pectoral remedies. It was formerly sucked from the end of a liquorice stick, made into a kind of pencil; hence its name Linetus, from lingere, 'to lick.' Although the linetus is usually exhibited in thoracic affections, it may have tonic virtues combined with it. ECLEGMA ALBUM, Looch album—e. Gum- moso-oleosum, Looch album. ECLEIPISIS, Exfoliation. ECLEPISIS. Desquamation. ECLEPISITREPANON, Exfoliative trepan. ECLIGMA, Eclectos. ECLIMIA, Boulimia. ECLIPSIS, Syncope. FCLISSE, Splint. ECLYSES, Adynamia*. EC'LYSIS, Exeolu'tio; from exXvw, 'Iloosen.' Resolution, prostration of strength ; faintness. Eclysis Pneumo-cardiaca, Asphyxia. ECMYZESIS, Exsuctio. ECNGEA, Dementia. KCOLE, School. ECON'0MYr, GEcono'mia, from otxta, 'a house, a family,' and vtpu, 'I rule.' By *he term ani. ECORCE 31! mal economy is understood,—the aggregate of the laws which govern the organism. The word eco- nomy is, also, used for the aggregate of parts which constitute man or animals. ECORCE, Cortex — e. Cariocostine, Canella alba—e. de Saint Lucie, Cinchona: Caribaeae cor- tex — e. de Winter; see Wintera aromatica — e. Fausse de Winter, Canella alba. ECORCHURES, Chafing, Excoriation. EGOULEMENT, Discharge, Gonorrhoea — e\ Bla.xc, Leucorrhoea — e. de Sang par I'Litest in, Htematochezia. ECOUVILLON, see Ecoxtvillonnement. ECOUVILLONNEMENT (F.), from ecou- villon, ' a kind of mop, the sponge of a gun.' A term used by the French therapeutists for the act of cleansing or applying remedies to a part by means of a mop or brush fixed to the end of a piece of whalebone. Such mop or brush is termed Ecouvillon. ECPHLOGOSIS, Inflammation. ECPHLYSIS, Vesicula—e. Herpes, Herpes— e. Herpes circinatus, Herpes circinatus— e. Her- pes exedens, Herpes exedens—e. Herpes miliaris, Herpes phlyctaenodes—e. Herpes zoster, Herpes zoster—e. Pompholyx, Pompholyx — e. Rhypia, Rupia. ECPHRACTIC, Deobstruent. ECPIIRAX'IS, from txtypaaoto, 'I remove ob- struction.' The action of ecphractic or deob- struent remedies. ECPHRONIA, Insanity—e. Melancholia, Me- lancholy. ECPHYAS, Appendix vermiformis caeci. ECPHYMA, Excrescence, Tumour—e. Callus, Callosity — e. Caruncula, Caruncle — e. Clavus, Corn — e. ffidematicum, OEdema, Phleginatia do- lens— e. Physconia, Physconia—e. Trichoma, Plica—e. Verruca, Verruca. ECPHYMATA, Rubeola. ECPHYSE'SIS, Effla'tio, Ejfla'tns, from txfv- eaox, ' I breathe through.' Exsuffla'tio. A quick and forced expulsion of air from the lungs. ECPHYSIS, Apophysis —e. Ventriculi, Duo- denum. ECPIES'MA, from «iru£&>, 'I compress.' Ef- fractor a, Impaction, Deces'sio. A fracture of the cranium, with depression of the fragments and compression of the brain. ECPIES'MOS, Expres'sio, Ex'itus, Eepies'- mon, same etymon. Celsus uses these words to signify the forcing of the eye from the orbitar cavity, with apparent but not real augmentation of the orn> '& suture.' The operation of closing the vagina by suture in cases of prociden- tia uteri. EM and EN, tv, 'in, into, within.' Also 'ex- cess ;'—frequently used in this last sense by Dr. Good. A common prefix, generally answering to the prefixes im and in, in English. In composi- tion, before /?, ir, a), \1, and p, the v is ehanged into p; before y, x, (, and x> lnto Y j before X, into X, and before p generally into p. EMACIATE, Maces'cere, Tabes'cere, (F.) Amaigrir. To lose flesh, to become lean, to waste away. EMACIA'TION, Emacia'tio, from emaciare, (e, and maeeo, 'to be lean,) 'to grow lean.' Ex- tenua'tio, Ma'cies, Macritu'do, Macror, Marco'- res, Skeleti'a, Leptysm'us, Leptyn'sis, Pingued'- inis diminu'tio, (F.) Amaigrissement, Maigrenr. That condition of the body, or of a part of the body, in which it grows lean. The state of one who is lean;—Leanness; Isch'notes. EMAIL DES DENTS, Enamel of the teeth. EMAILLOTAGE (F.), from maillot, 'swath- ing or swaddling clothes.' The ' wrapping up,' or 'packing up' in dry or wet sheets, which is prac- tised in hydropatbic establishments to induco sweating. ExMANA'TION, Emana'tio, Efffu'rium, from emanare, (e, and manare,) 'to issue or flow from.' The term is applied to a body which proceeds or draws its origin from other bodies; such as the light which emanates from the sun; the miasma which arise from the putrid decomposition of ani- mal or vegetable substances, Ac. See Miasm. EMAN'SIO MEN'SIUM, from e, and mancre, 'to stay.' This term has been applied to ame- norrhoea or obstruction of the menses before they have been established. Some have used it for the retention which occurs even after they have been established. The former is the general ac- ceptation. , EMARGINATIO, Echancrure, Notch. EMARGINATURA, Echancrure, Notch. EMASCULA'TION, Emascula'tio, from emas- culare, (e, and xnasculus, ' a male,') ' to render impotent.' The act of removing or destroying the generative organs of a male animal. EMASCULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch. EMBALM'ING, from em, en, 'in,' find balsa- mum, ' balsam.' Palsama'tio, Smyrnisfmos, Ce- deia, Pollinctu'ra, Necrocedla, Conditu'ra Ca- dax'erum, (F.) Embaument, Imbalsamation. An operation which consists in impregnating the dead body with substances capable of preventing it from becoming putrid, and thus putting it in a condition to be preserved. EMBAM'MA, Apobam'xna, Pamma, from tp- fiuirrur, 'I immerse.' A medicated pickle or sauce. —Gorraeus. EMRARRAS 319 EMETINE EMRARRAS, Emphraxis. EMBARRAS GASTRIQUE (F.),-Ga*tric dis- order or impediment, Collu'vies gas'trica, Sordes prima'rum- via'rum, Status gas'tricus. Disorder of the stomach, in which there is loss of appetite, with bitterness and clamminess of mouth, white and yellow tongue, feeling of oppression in the epigastrium, and sometimes pain in that region, nausea and bilious or bitter vomiting; this state being accompanied with headach, lassitude, and pain in the back and limbs. EMRARRAS GASTRO-INTESTINAL, Gas- tro-intestlnal disorder. Slight gastro-enteritis, according to the Broussaists, in which the symp- toms of the Embarras gewtrique and E. intestinal are united. EMBARRAS INTESTINAL, Ixrbea'final dis- order. The principal characters assigned to this are :—tension of the abdomen, colic, borborygmi, discharge of flatus per anuxn, constipation or diar- rhoea, Ac. EMBARRURE, Engisoina. EMB A UMENT, Embalming. EMB 01TEMENT (F.). ' Encasdng,' from em, 'in,' and boite, 'a box.' Enadelph'ia. This term has been applied to the theory of generation which considers that the germs are encased in each other in the ovary of the female, in such sort that they are developed in succession after impregnation. It is the theory of encasing of germs, or of monstrosity by inclueion. EMBOilJL'RE, Diarthrosis. EM'BOLB, from tpfiaXXu, 'I put in place/ Reduction of a luxated bone. Repoail'io. EMBOLIMOS, Intercalary. EMBOLUM CEREBRI, Infundibulum of the brain. EMBONPOINT, (F.) 'In good point or plight' Bona cor'porie habitu'do. The state of the animal body when in full health. Exces- sive embonpoint constitutes corpulence and obe- sity, and may become a morbid condition. EMBONPOINT EXCESSIF, Polysarcia adi- posa. EMBORISMA, Aneurism. EMBROCATIO, Embrocation, Irrigation. EMBROCA'TION, Embroca'tio, Embreg'ma, Em'broche, Implu'vium, from epffptxot, 'I sprinkle.' A fluid application to be rubbed on any part of the body. It is often used synonymously with liniment. Originally it was employed in the sense of Fomentation. Embrocation, Guestonian, see Oleum Terebin- thina? rectificatum. EMBROCHE, Embrocation. EMBRYEMA, Embrocation. EM'BRYO, Em'bryon, from ev, 'in/ and (ipvw, 'I grow.' Oye'ma. The fecundated germ, in the early stages' of its development in utero. At a certain period of its increase, the name foetus is given to it, but at what period is not determined. Generally, the embryo state is considered to ex- tend to the period of quickening. EMBRYOCTONY, Fcetue trucida'tio, from tpffpvov, 'the embryo/ and xrovog, 'destruction.' The act of destroying a foetus in utero, when in- surmountable obstacles — as certain deformities of the pelvis—oppose delivery. EMBRYOG'RAPHY, Embryogra'phia, from tpfipvov, 'the embryo,' and ypaipn, 'a description.' The part of anatomy which describes the embryo. EMBRYOL'OGY, Embryolog"ia, from tpfipvov, 'the embryo,' and Xoyog, 'a description. The doctrine of embryonic development. E.MBRYON'IC, Embryorlicus, (F.) Embryo- tiique, Embryonnaire; same etymon as embryo. Relating or appertaining to an embryo :-«aa 'embryonic life.' EMBRYONIQUE, Embryonic. EMER YONNAIRE, Embryonic EMBRYOTHLAS'TA, Em'bryothlas'tes, Em- bryothlas'tum, (F.) Embryotome, from tpftovov, ' the embryo,' and 9Xaw, ' I break.' An instru- ment for dividing the foetus piecemeal, in order to effect delivery. A crotchet or other instru- ment, used, in certain ca-s-es of laborious parturi- tion, to break the bones of the foetus, for the purpose of extracting them with greater facility. —Hippocrates, Galen. EMBRYOTOCIA, Abortion. EMBR YO TOME, E uibryothlasta EMBRYOTOMY, Embryotom'ia, from tpPpvov, 'an embryo,' and rtpvuv, 'to cut.' A division of the foetus into fragments, to extract it by piece- meal, when the narrowness of th**pelvis or other faulty conformation opposes delivery. EMBRYOT'ROPHY, Embrxjotroph'ia, from tpfipvov, ' the embryo,' and rpwpn, ' nourisbment.' Foetal nutrition ; Cyot'rophy. EMBRY'UL'CIA, Embrynsternl'cia, from tp- (Spvov, 'embryo, foetus,' and tXxa, 'I extract,' 'I draw.' A surgical operation, by which the foetus is extracted by means of appropriate instruments, when faulty conformation or other circunst-anees prevent delivery by the natural efforts. EMBRY^UL'CUS, Elcus'ter, same etymon. An iron hook or crotchet, described by Fabricius ab Aquapendente, which was used to extract the foetus in some cases of laborious labour. EMBRYUSTERULCIA, Embryulcia, EMENDANS, Corrigent. EM ERA IDE, Smaragdus. EMESIA, Vomiturition. EMESIS, Vomiting. EMETATROPH'IA, from turn, 'I vomit/ and arpoipta, 'want of nourishment.' Atrophy induced by vomiting. EMETIA, Emetine. EMET'IC, Emet'icum, Vomito'rium, Vom'itory, Vomit, Puke, from tptur, ' I vomit.' A substance capable of producing vomiting. (F.) Emetique. [This term is also restricted by the French to tartarized antimony — the emetic, as it were, par excellence.] Vomitif. Tartarized antimony, emetine, ipecacuanha, and sulphate of zinc, are the chief emetics. They are valuable agents in disease, and may either act primarily on the stomach, or seconda- rily on other parts of the system, — the sym- pathy between the stomach and other parts of the body being very extensive, and an'impor- tant object of study. The following are the usual emetics : — Anti- monii et Potassae Tartras; Cupri Acetas; Cupri Sulphas; Emetina; Gillenia; Hydrargyri Sul- phas Fiavus; Ipecacuanha; Lobelia; Sftnguina- ria; Scilla; Sinapis, and Zinci Sulphas. Emetic Root, Euphorbia corollata—e. Tartar, Antimonium tartarizatum — e. Weed, Lobelia inflata. EMETICOLOGIA, Emetology. EM'ETINE, Emeti'na, Emelia, Vom'itine. A vegetable alkali, discovered by M. Pelletier in ipecacuanha, and to which it owes its emetic power. It is obtained from different ipecacu- anhas, but chiefly from pnychot'ria exnet'ica, collicoc'ca ipeene.uan'ha, and viola emet'icn. It is in transparent scales, of a reddish-brown colour, almost inodorous, of a bitter, slightly acrid taste; is unchangeable in the air, soluble in water and alcohol, and insoluble in ether. Three grains of impure emetia or one grain of pure are equal lo 18 of ipecacuanha. See Ipecacuanha. JEMe'tIQUE 320 EMPHYMA E MET I QUE, Antimonium tartarizatum, Emetic. EMETO-CATHARSIS, see Emeto-cathartic. EM'ETO-CATHAR'TIC, Em'eto-cathar'ticus, from tptrog, 'vomiting,' aud xaSapnxog, 'a purga- tive.' A remedy, which at the same time excites vomiting and purging—Enleto-cathar'sis. EMETOL'OGY, Emetolog"ia, Emeticolog"ia, from tptrog, ' vomiting,' and Xoyog, ' a discourse.' A treatise on vomiting, and on emetics. EM'INENCE, Eminen'tia, Protuberarl tio, Ex'- oche, Exanthe'ma. A projection at the surface of a healthy or diseased organ. EMINENCE PORTE ANTER1EURE, Lo- bulus anonymus — e. Porte posterieure, Lobulus Spigelii—e. Sus-pubienne, Mons veneris. EMINENCES PIGEMINEES, Quadrigemi- na corpora — e. LatSralea, Corpora olivaria — e. Pyramidoles, Corpora pyramidalia — e. Vermi- formes du cervelet, Vermiformes processus. EMINEXTLA, Protuberantia — e. Annularis, Pons varolii—e. Pyramidalis, Crista vestibuli—e. Tympani, Pyramid. EMINENTLY BIGEMEN7E, Quadrigemina tubercula—e. Candicantes, Mammillary Tubercles — e. Lenticulares, Corpora striata — e. Magnae cerebri, Thalami nervorum opticorum — e. Medi- anas Internas, Corpora pyramidalia—e. Olivares, Corpora olivaria—e. 0vales Laterales, Corpora oli- varia—e. Pyramidales, Corpora pyramidalia—e. Quadrigeminas, Quadrigemina tubercula — e. Te- retes, Processus teretes. EMISSAIRE, Emunctory. EMISSA'RIA SANTORI'NI. A name given to some small veins, which communicate with the sinuses of the dura mater, by apertures in the cranium. Such are the parietal, posterior con- dyloid, mastoid veins, Ac. EMISSIO, Emission — e. Seminis, Sperina- tismus. EMIS'SION, Emis'sio, from emittere, (e, and mittere,) 'to send out,' 'drive out.' The act by which any matter whatever is thrown from the body. Thus, we say Emission of urine, Emission of semen, Ac. EMISSION SANGUINE, Bloodletting. EMMEN'AGOGUES, Emmenago'ga, Emmeni- ago'ga, Ame'nia, from tppnva, 'the menses/ and ayoi, 'I drive,' or 'expel.' Men'agogues. A name given to medicines believed to have the power of favouring the discharge of the menses. There is probably no substance which possesses this power directly. According to different condi- tions of the system, the most opposite reme- dies may act as emmenagogues. Rlack helle- bore, savin, madder; polygala senega, and ergot, are reputed to be specific emmenagogues. The following list comprises the chief of them : — Cunila Pulegioides; Helleborus Niger; Mentha Pulegium; Rosmarinus; Rubia; Sabina; Secale Cornutum ; Senega, and Tanacetum. EMMENAGOLOG"IA, from tppnvaytoya, and Xoyog, ' discourse.' A treatise of emmenagogues. EMMENIA, Menses. EMMENIAGOGA, Emmenagogues. EMMENOLOG"IA from tppnva, 'menses/ and Xoyoi, 'a discourse.' A treatise on men- struation. EMMENOLOG"ICAL, Emmenolog" icus: same etymon as the last. Relating or appertaining to menstruation. EMMYXIUM ARTICULARE, Hydrarthrus. EMOLLIENTIA, Emollients. EMOL'LIENTS, Emollien'tia, Malthac'tico, Relaxarltia, Epiceras'tiea, Malac'tiea, Lubri- ean tia, Malacopce'a, Mollien'tia, from email ire, (e, and mollire, ' to soften.') Substances which relax and soften parts that are inflamed, or too tense. They are used both internally and exter- nally: as the former, however, consist of muci- laginous substances, they are generally reckoned as demulcents: the latter, or proper emollients, consist of oils, cataplasms, fomentations, Ac. Oleaginous bodies, rubbed on a part, act by di- minishing its cohesion. Fomentations, in cases of internal inflammation, act probably through contiguous sympathy. The following are the chief emollients : — Adeps; Amygdalae Oleum; Avcnos Farina; Cera; Cetaceum; Linuni; Qlivse Oleum ; Sesamum; Tritici Farina, and Ulmus. EMOLLITIES, Mollitics—e. Morbosa, Molli- fies—e. Ossium, Mollities ossium—e. Uteri Mor- bosa, Hysteromalacia. EMOLLITIO, Mollities—e. Ventriculi, Gastro- malacia. EMONCTOIRE, Emunctory. EMOPTOE, Haemoptysis. EMOTIO, Delirium, Luxation. Passion.. EMO'TIONAL, from emotio, (e, 'from/ and moveo, motus, 'to nlove.') Relating to emotion or passion independently of the will: — hence an 'emotional or instinctive impulse.' EMPASMA, Cataplasma. EMPATEMENT, from empdter, 'to render pasty or doughy.' A non-inflammatory engorge- ment, which retains, more or less, the impression of the finger. EMPATHE'MA, Ma'nia a pathe'mate, (F.) Manie sans delire; ungovernable passion ; from tp, or iv, ' in,' and sa&og, ' suffering.' Fixed de- lusion. EMPEIRIA, Experience. EMPETRUM, Herniaria glabra. EM'PHLYSIS, from tp, or tv, 'in,' and jiXvatg, ' a vesicular tumour or eruption ;' Ich'orons Ex- an'them. An eruption of vesicular pimples, filled progressively with an acrid and colourless, or nearly colourless, fluid; terminating in scurf or laminated scabs. A genus in the order Exanthe- matica, class Hmmatica of Good. Emphlysis Aphtha, Aphthae, Stomatitis, aph- thous — e. Erysipelas, Erysipelas — e. Miliaria, Miliary fever — e. Pemphigus, Pemphigus — e. Vaccina inserta, Vaccina—e. Varicella, Varicella. EMPHRACTIC, Emphracticus. EMPHRACTICA, Physconia. EMPHRACTICUS, Ernphrac'tic, from tptppar- ro>, ' I close,' ' I obstruct.' Ernplas'tieus, Fmplat- toxn'enos. Any substance which, when applied to the skin, was presumed to close the pores. EMPHRAG'MA, same etymon. Obturamen'- tum, Impedimen'tum. Anything that obstructs. Hippocrates uses this term to designate the ob- stacle to delivery on the part of the foetus, when the presentation is preternatural. Emphragma Lachrymale, Fistula lachryma- lis—e. Salivare, Ranula. EMPHRAX'IS, Obstrxic'tio, Obtura'tio, Oppi- la'tio, Infarc'tus, Farctus, Fartus. Same etymon. ' Obstruction.' An Embarras or repletion of ca- nals or cavities by any substance, which is either morbid from quantity or quality. Emphraxis Hepatis, Hepatemphraxis. EMPHYMA, Tumour—e. Encystis, Encystis —e. Encystis atheroma, Atheroma—e. Encystis ganglion, Ganglion, Testudo — e. Encystis meli- ceris, Meliceris — e. Encystis steatoma, Steatoma —e. Exostosis ossea, Exostosis—e. Exostosis pe- riostea, Node—e. Sarcoma, Sarcoma—e. Sarcoma adiposum, Adipose sarcoma—e. Sarcoma cellulo- sum, Cystic sarcoma—e. Sarcoma mammarum, Mammary sarcoma — e. Sarcoma pancreaticum, Pancreatic sarcoma — e. Sarcoma scirrhosum, Scirrhous sarcoma — e. Sarcoma tuberculosum, EMPHYSEMA 321 EMPLASTRUM Tuberculate sarcoma — e. Sarcoma vasculosum, Sarcoma, vascular. EMPHVSE'MA, from tp$vo~aa>, (tv, and ipvoaur, 'I blow/) ' I inflate.' Infla'tio, Empneumato'sis, Sarci'tes flatuo'sua, Emphyse'rna cellttla're, Em- physe'ma pneumato'sis, Physon'cus, Tumor flatu- len'tus, Pneumato'sis, Infla'tion, Wind-dropsy, (F.) Emphyslme. This term is commonly applied to any white, crepitant, shining, elastic, indolent tumour, caused by the introduction of air into the areolar texture. Injuries of the larynx, trachea, or lungs; fractures of the ribs, or wounds pene- trating the chest, are the most frequent causes of this affection, which is owing to the air escaping from the air-passages and insinuating itself into the areolar texture surrounding the wound. There are some cases of emphysema, which are owing to internal causes; and hence a division has been made into the accidental and sympto- matic, and the spontaneous and idiopathic. Emphysema Abdominis, Tympanites. Emphyse'ma of the Lungs, E. Pulmo'num, Asthma aereum ab Emphyse'mate Pulmo'num, Pneumato'sis Pulmo'num, Pneumonec'tasis, Pneu- mec'tasis, (F.) Pneumoectasie, Emphyslme du Poumon. A considerable pressure or contusion of the chest, or any violent concussion of the lung, may produce a laceration in that viscus, without injury being done to the parietes of the thorax, and may give place to the infiltration of air into the areolar texture, interlobular emphy- sema. Laennec has described another species of emphysema of the lungs, Vesicular emphysema, consisting in excessive dilatation of the air-cells, some of which become as large as hemp-seed, ul- timately break, and give rise to irregular vesicles at the surface of the lung, some of which are as large as a hazel-nut. Physical signs. The tho- rax externally, generally or locally, appears un- naturally convex and prominent. The intercos- tal spaces are widened, but depressed. The inspiratory efforts are increased. The sound on percussion is morbidly clear, but not tympanitic On auscultation, the inspiratory murmur is feeble or suppressed. The expiration, which is more frequently audible is prolonged, laborious and wheezing. There are no certain physical signs which can distinguish interlobular emphysema from the vesicular. Kmphysema Pectoris, Pneumothorax—e. Sorou, Physocele—e. Tympanites, Tympanites— e. Uteri, Hysterophysis, Physometra. EMPHYSEMATOUS, Emphysemato'sus; same etymon. Relating or appertaining to emphysema. EMPHYSEME, Emphysema—e. du Poumon, Emphysema of the lungs. EMPHYTUM THERMUM, Biolychnium. EMP'IRIC, Emplricus, from cpirttpta, (tv, and rtipa, ' a trial,') ' experience.' One who follows only experience. A sect of physicians, who re- jected all theory, and took for their guide expe- rience alone. It was opposed to the dogmatic sect. The Empiric sect prevailed till near the time of Galen. Among its most eminent mem- bers, after Philinus and Serapion, were Apollo- nius, Glaucias, Bacchius of Tanagra, and Zeuxis, both disciples of Herophilus, —Heraclides of Ta- rentum, Cleophantus, master of Asclepiades, Me- nodotus of Nicomedia, and Theudas of Laodicea. They occupied themselves, chiefly, with discover- ing the properties of drugs, and did important service, in this manner, to medicine. At the present day, the word Empiric is only taken in a bad sense, being employed in nearly the same signification as charlatan or quack. EMPIRICE, Empiricism. EMPIR'ICISM; same etymon. Empi'dca Ars, Empi'rice, (F.) Empiriame. Medicine 21 founded on experience. It generally, at the present day, signifies quackery. EMPIRISME, Empiricism. EMPLAS'TICUS. Same etymon as the next Also, a remedy which adheres, as a plaster, to the surface, and in this manner may obstruct the pores: an emphractic. EMPLASTRO-ENDERMIC, Endermic. EMPLAS'TRUM, from the Greek tpuXarna, (tv, and irXacativ, ' to form,') ' I spread upon/ (F.) Empldtre. A solid and tenacious compound. adhesive at the ordinary heat of the human body. Some of the plasters owe their consistence to wax and resin; and others to the chemical union which takes place between the semivitreous oxide of lead and oil. Most of them become too consistent by ago. When such is the case, they may be re- melted by a gentle heat, and oil be added to them. Emplastrum Adh^sivum, Emplastrum resinae — e. Adhassivum Woodstockii, see Sparadrapum Adhassivum—e. Alexandri, Alexandrine — e. de Althaea^, Unguentum de Althaea. Emplastrum Ammoni'aci, Ammonlacum Plas- ter, (Ammoniac, pur. £v, acidi acetici dil. Oss. Dissolve the ammoniac in the vinegar, and strain: then evaporate the solution by means of a water bath, stirring constantly until it acquires a proper consistence. — Ph. U. S.) It is used as a discu- tient plaster. Emplastrum Ammoni'aci cum Hydrar'gyro, Ammoniacum plaster with mercury (Ammoniaci Ibj, hydrarg. £ iij, old oliv. %j, sulphur, gr. viij. Rub the mercury with the oil until the globules disappear, then add the ammoniac, previously melted, and mix. Ph. U. S. Emplastrum Andrew de Cruce, E. de pice et resinis glutinans—e. Anglicum, see Sparadrapum adhassivum. Emplastrum Aromat'icum, Aromat'ic Plaster. (Thuds ^iij, cerm flavm ^ss, pulv. cort. cinnam. 3vh °l- eBS- Piment., ol. ess. Limon. aa 3fij. Melt the frankincense and wax together, and strain; then add, as it cools, the cinnamon, previously rubbed with the oils, and form a plaster. Ph. Dubl.) Used as a stimulating plaster. A spice plaster, made by incorporating pow- dered cinnamon and any other spices-with melted suet, has been used in cholera infantum. It is spread on leather or linen, and is renewed twice in the twenty-four hours. Emplastrum AsAFfE'TiiD.E, Asafoetida plaster, E. axitihyster'icum, (Ernp. plumb., Asafa-t., sing. Ibj, Galban., Cerm flavm, aa Ibss, Alcohol, dilnt. Oiij. Dissolve the asafoetida and galbanum in the alcohol, in a water bath, strain while hot, and evaporate to the consistence of honey; add the lead plaster and wax previously melted together, stir the mixture well, and evaporate to the proper consistence. — Ph. U. S.) Used as an antispasr modic and anodyne plaster. Emplastrum Attrahens, E. ceras—e. Auricu- lare, Hypotium. Emplastrum Belladon'n.t;, Plaster of Pella- don'xia. (Empl. resin, ^iij, Ext. Pelladon. 5iss. Add the extract to the plaster, previously melted in a water bath, and mix.—Ph. U. S.) Emplastrum Calefa'ciens, E. Picis cum can- thar'ide, (Ph. U. S.,) Calefa'cient plaster; Warm plaster, (F.) Empldtre ichanffatit. (Cerat. can tharid. (Ph. U. S.) Ibss, Picis abiet. Ibiijss. Melt together, and form into a plaster. Ph. U. S.) It is rubefacient and stimulant. Emplastrum Cantharidis, E. lyttas — e. Can- tharidis vesicatorii compositum, E. lyttas comp. —e. Cephalicum, E. picis comp. Emplastrum Cerje, E. simplex, Wax plaster, E. At'trahens. (Cerm flavm, Sevi Prmp. aa Ibiij, resina flava ft>j. Melt them together and strain, EMPLASTRUM 322 EMPLASTRUM Ph. L.) It has been considered drawing. It is Stimulating. Emplastrum Cicu'ta, E. de Cicu'td, E. coni'i macula'ti, Unguen'tum sol'idum de cicu'td, Hem- lock plaster, (F.) Empldtre de Cigue. (Resina abiet. 960 p. Cera flav. 640 p. Picis alba, 448 p. Ol. cicuta per decoct, praparat. 128 p. Fol cicut. recent. 2000 p. Melt the resins, wax and oil; add the cicuta leaves, and boil; strain and add, after having dissolved it in vinegar of squills and cicuta juice, gum ammoniac. 500 p. Ph. Par.) It is used as a discutient, especially to scirrhous tumours. Emplastrum Citrinum, Unguentum de althaea e. Commune, E. Plumbi—e. Commune cum re- sina, E. resinae—e. Conii, E. cicutae. Emplastrum C\mi'si,Cummin plaster. (Cumin, semin., carui sem., lauri bacc. sing. §iij, picis arida Ibiij, cera flava ^iij. Melt the pitch and wax together, then add the other ingredients. Ph. L.) It is used as a warm, discutient plaster. Emplastrum Diachylon, Diachylon, E.plumbi —e. Divinum Nicolai, see Magnet—e. Emolliens, Unguentum de althaea—e. Epispasticum, E. lyttas. Emplastrum Ferri, E. rob'orana, Iron Plaster, Strength'ening Plaster. (Ferrieubcarb. ^iij, Emp. plumbi, Ibij, Picia abietis, Ibss. Add the sub- carbonate of iron to the lead plaster and Bur- gundy pitch previously melted together, and stir constantly until they thicken upon cooling.—Ph. U. S.) Emplastrum Ferri Rubri, E. oxidi ferri rubri—e. Flavum, Unguentum de althaea—e. ad Fonticulos, Ceratum Galeni. Emplastrum Gal'bani, Galb'anum plaster, (Empl. litharg. Ibij, gum. galban. Ibss, cerm flavm §iv. Melt the galbanum before adding the plas- ter and wax, then melt all together. Ph. D.) A stimulant and discutient. Emplastrum Gal'bani Compos'itum. E. li- .har'gyri compos'itum, Diach'ylon magnum cum gummi, Compound galbanum plaster. (Galb. pur. ^viij, Emp. plumbi, Ibiij, tereb. vulg. £x, abietis resin, contus. ^iij. Melt the galbanum and tur- pentine together, then mix in the resin, and af- terwards the plaster, previously melted. It is stimulant and discutient. Emplastrum Glutinosum, see Sparadrapum adhassivum—e. cum Gummatibus, E. gummosum. Emplastrum Gummo'sum, Gum plaster, Em- filastriim lithar'gyri cum gummi, E. cum grtmmat'- ibua, E. e gummat'ibua resino'sia, E. Ox'ydi Plumbi eemivit'rei gummo'sum, Yellow diach'ylon, Gum diachylon, Diachylon cum gummi. (Emp. oxid. 2ilumbi aemivitr. p. viii, g. resin, ammoniac, g. resin, bubon. galbani, cerm flavm, aa, p. i. Ph. E.) Properties and uses like the last. Emplastrum e Gummatibus Resinosis, E. gummosum. Emplastrum cum Gummi-Resi'nis, (F.) Em- pldtre de gomme resine, Diachylon gomme, Plas- ter of gum resina. (Emplastr. eimpl. p. 1600, cerm flora, p. 96, picis alba, p. 96, terebinth, p. 96. Melt by a gentle heat, and add gum ammo- niac, p. 32, bdellium 32, galban. 32, and sagape- nxtm, p. 32. Dissolve in a sufficient quantity of alcohol, evaporate to the consistence of honey, and mix carefully all together. Ph. P.) A discu- tient. Emplastrum Hydrar'gyri, Mercu'rial plas- ter, Emplastr. lithar'gyri cum hydrar'gyro. (Hy- drarg. 3vj, ol. oltv., resin, aa ^ij, ernplast. plumbi, Ibj. Melt the oil and resin together, and when cool rub the mercury with them till the globules disappear, then gradually add the lead plaster, previously melted, and mix all. Ph. U. S.) It is ptimulant, resolvent, and discutient. Applied as a discutient to j, aq. bullient. f^iv. Melt together the lead plaster and Burgundy pitch; then add the opium pre- viously mixed with the water, and boil over a EMPL A TRE 323 EMPYEMA gentle fire to the proper consistence.—Ph. U. S.) It is employed as an anodyne, and to give sup- port. Emplastrum Ox'idi Ferri Rubri, E. Ferri rubri, E. Rob'orana, Floater of red oxide of iron, Strength'ening ploater. (Empl. oxid. plumb, semi- vitr. p. xxiv, resina pin. p. vi, cerm flava, old olea Europ. sing. p. iij, oxidi ferri rubr. p. viij. Rub the red oxide of iron with the oil, and add the other ingredients melted. Ph. E.) It is employed as a strengthening plaster. Emplastrum ex Oxido plumbi semivitreo, E. plumbi—e. Oxidi plumbi semivitrei, E. plumbi —e. Oxidi plumbi semivitrei gummosum, E. gum- mosum. Emplastrum Phceniceum, Diapalma — e. ex Oxido plumbi rubro compositum, E. Norimber- gense. Emplastrum Picis Burgun'dice, Emplastrum Picis, Rurgundy Pitch Plaster, Pitch Plaster; (Picis Rurgund. Ibvj; cera flavm, Ibss.—Ph. U. S.) Emplastrum Picis Compos'itum, E. cephal- icum, Cephalic plaster, Compound pitch plaster. (Picis arid. Ibij, abietis resina Ibj, resina flavm, cerm flavm, aa, ^iv, myrist. ol. 2jj, ol. oliv., aqum, aa f^ij. To the pitch, resin, and wax, melted together, add the other matters and mix. Ph. L.) It is stimulant and rubefacient. Sometimes used in headach, — applied to the temples. See De- pilatory. Emplastrum Picis cum Cantharide, E. Ca- lefaciens. Emplastrum de Pice et Resi'nis Glu'ti- NANS, E. Andrem de Cruce, Empldtre d'Andre de la Croix, E. collant de poix et de resines, Adhe- sive plaster of pitch and resins. (Picis albm, p. 128, resin elemi, p. 32, terebinth, pur. p. 16, ol. laur. p. 16. Melt with a gentle heat, and pass through linen. Ph. P.) Used in contusions and fractures as a support. Emplastrum Plumbi, E. lythar'gyri, E. com- mu'ne, E. diach'ylum, E. ox'idi plumbi semivi- trei, E. ex oxido plumbi semivitreo, Diach'ylon simplex, White Diach'ylon, Lead plaster, Diach'- ylon plaster. (Plumbi oxid. semivitr. in pulv. fi>v, olei oliv., cong., aqum Oij. Boil together over a slow fire, stirring constantly until the oil and oxide of lead cohere. Ph. U. S.) Emplastrum Polychrestum, E. resinae. Emplastrum Resi'nm, E. adhmsi'vum, E. li- thar'gyri cum resina, E. resino'sum, E. nygrnal- icnm, Resin plaster, Adhe'sive or Sticking plaster, Emplastrum commu'ne cum reai'nd, E. Polychres'- tum, E. lithnrgyr'icum cum resi'nd pini. (Resin. Ibss. emp. plumb. Ibiij. Melt the plaster, with a gentle heat, add the resin, and mix. Ph. U. S.) Employed in wounds and ulcers. Baynton's adhesive plaster is made by melting one pound of lead plaster and six drachms of resin together. Emplastrum Resinosum, E. Resinas—e. Ro- borans, E. Ferri (Ph. U. S.), E. oxidi ferri rubri —e. Rubefians, E. lyttas. Emplastrum Sapo'nis, E. sapona'ceum, Soap plaster. (Saponis concis. ^iv, ernplast. plumb. Ibiij. Mix the soap with the melted plaster, and boil to a proper consistence. Ph. U. S.) It is a mild discutient. Applied to tumours, corns, Ac. Emplastrum Simplex, E. ceras—e. Spermatis ceti, Ceratum cetacei. Emplastrum Thuris, Frank'incense plaster. (Emp. lithargyri, Ibij, thuria, Ibss, oxid. ferri. rubr. ^iij. Ph. D.,) Use:—the same as the plaster of red oxide of iron. Emplastrum Vesicatorium, Blister, E. lyttas — e. de Vigo cum mercurio emendatum, E. hy- drargyri compositum. EMP LAT RE, Emplastrum—e. d'Andri de la Croix, Emplastrum de pice et resinis glutinans— e. de Cigue, Emplastrum cicutas—e. Collant de poix et de resines, Emplastrum de pice et resinis glutinans—e. de Gomme reaine, Emplastrum cum gummi-resinis — e. de Nuremberg, Emplastrum Norimbergense. EMPLATTOMENOS, Emphracticus. EMPNEUMATOSIS, Emphysema, Inspira- tion. EMPOISONNEMENT, Poisoning. EMPO'RIUM, tpiroptov, (tp or tv, and -ropot,' 'a way,) 'a market or depot.' The brain was so called, of old, because there all the mental affairs are transacted. Emporium Spirituum, Sensorium. EMPOSIS, Imbibition. EMPREINTE, Impression. EMPRESIS, Empresrua. EMPRES'MA, Empres'mns, Empre'sis, from tpirpn&u, ' I burn internally.' Inflammation. Phlegma'tim membrano'sm et paryxichyxnato'sm, Phlogis'tici, Febres continum inflammato'rim, In- flamma'tio inter'no, Catt'ma, Inter'nal inflamma- tion. A genus in the class hmmatica, order phlo- gotica, of Good. Empresma Bronchitis, Cynanche tracheali"— e. Bronchlemmitis, Cynanche trachealis—e. Car- ditis, Carditis — e. Cephalitis, Phrenitis — e. Cys- titis, Cystitis—e. Enteritis, Enteritis — e. Gastri- tis, Gastritis—e. Hepatitis, Hepatitis—e. Hyster- itis, Metritis—e. Nephritis, Nephritis—e. Orchitis, Hernia humoralis — e. Otitis, Otitis — e. Paristh- mitis, Cynanche—e. Paristhmitis tonsillaris ma- ligna, Cynanche maligna. — e. Paristhmitis pha- ryngea, Cynanche pharyngea — e. Paristhmitis tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris—e. Parotitis, Cy- nanche parotidaea—e. Peritonitis, Peritonitis--e. Peritonitis mesenterica, Mesenteritis—e. Periton- itis omentalis, Epiploitis—e. Picis cum Cantharide, E. calefaciens—e. Pleuritis, Pleuritis—e. Pleuritis diaphragmatica, Diaphragmitis—e. Pneumonitis, Pneumonia—e. Splenitis, Splenitis. EMPRESMUS, Empresma. EM'PRION, from tv, and irpaav, 'a saw.' Ser- rated. Galen has given this name to the pulse, when the sensation produced by the artery under the fingers is analogous to that which would be caused by the unequal teeth of a saw. EMPROSTHOCYRTOMA, Lordosis. EMPROSTHOT'OXOS, Emprosthoton'ia, En- ta'aia tet'anua onti'cua, Tetanua anticua, from tpirpoc&tv, ' forwards,' and rttvor, ' I stretch,' ' I extend.' A variety of tetanus, in which the body is drawn forwards by the permanent contraction of the muscles. EMPSYCHO'SIS, from tp^vXour, (tv, and ^xv, 'life,') 'I animate,' 'I vivify.' A word formerly used for the a<-t of animating. The union of the soul with the body. EMPTOE, Hasmoptysis. EMPTOICA PASSIO, Hasmoptysis. EMPTYSIS, Hasmoptysis. EMPTYSMA, Sputum. EMPYE, Empyema. EMPYE'MA, Empye'aia, Em'pxje, from tv, 'in, and irvov, 'pus.' Aposte'ma empye'ma. A collec- tion of blood or pus, and, conventionally, of other fluid, in some cavity of the body, and particu- larly in that of the pleura. Empyema is one of the terminations of inflammation of the pleura, and is called, also, Pyotho'rax verue, Pleurorrhce'a purulen'ta, Diapye'ma, Eepye'ma, Ecpye'eis, Em- pye'sis pec'toris, Pyo'sia pec'toris, Hydrotho'rax purulen'tue, Dyspnce'a pyothorac"ica, Pneumo'nia- suppurato'ria, Absces'sus pec'toris, A. Thora'de, Pleur aposte'ma, Pleuropye'sis, (F.) Pyopleurite. EMPYESIS 324 EMYS The operation for empyema properly means the making of an opening into the thorax for the pur- pose of giving issue to the matter collected in the cavity of the pleura, although it has been used for the operation required for the evacuation of any fluid from the chest, or synonymously with Paracentesis thoracis. EMPYE'SIS; same etymon. Suppuration. An eruption of phlegmonous pimples, gradually filling with a purulent fluid, and terminating in thick scabs, frequently leaving pits or scabs. Pus'tulous Exan'thern. A genus in the order Ex- anthematica, class Hmmatica of Good. See Em- pyema. Empyesis Oculi, Hypopyon—e. Pectoris, Em- pyema—e. Variola, Variola. EMPYMELIUM POLYSARCIA, Polysarcia adiposa. EMPYOCE'LE, from tv, 'in/ irvov, 'pus/ and KnXy, 'tumour,' 'hernia.' A tumour, formed by an accumulation of pus in the scrotum. Diffe- rent diseases have been described under this name, such as suppuration of the testicle, empy- ema of the tunica vaginalis, accumulation of pus in the cavity of a hernial sac, abscesses of dif- ferent kinds formed in the cellular texture of the scrotum, Ac. EMPYOM'PHALUS, from tv, 'in/ irvov, 'pus/ and opipaXog, 'the navel.' This word has been used to designate a suppurating tumour at the umbilicus; or, at times, umbilical hernia, the sac of which is filled with blood. EMPYOS, Purulent. EMPYREU'MA, from tpirvptvur, (tv, and irvp, 'fire,') 'I kindle.' The burnt smell and acrid taste, which volatile products—gaseous and liquid —contract, when animal or vegetable substances are decomposed by a strong heat. The cause of this smell is seated in an oil, called empyreu- mat'ic, which does not exist in the substance sub- jected to the operation, but is the result of its decomposition. If the empyreuma occurs when the organic substance is placed in a still with a liquid, it is owing to the solid matter touching the bottom of the vessel to which the fire is ap- plied. EMPYREUMAT'IC, Empyreumat'icus: same etymon. Belonging to empyreuma, — as an em- pyreumatie odour. EM'PYROS, Febric"itans, from irvp, 'fire or fever.' One who has fever.—Hippocrates. EMS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Celebrated springs on the river Lahn, duchy of Nassau. They are thermal (from 83 to 115° Fahrenheit,) and carbonated salines, containing carbonic acid, bicarbonate of soda, and chloride of sodium; and are much used in gastric and intestinal affec- tions, Ac EMUL'GENT, Emul'gens, from emulgere, (e, and mxdgere,) 'to milk out,' 'to draw out.' A name given to the renal artery and vein, because the ancients imagined they milked, as it were, the urine through the kidneys. See Renal. EMULSIN, see Amygdalin. EMUL'SIO, Emulsion; same etymon. A pharmaceutical preparation, of a milky-white opaque appearance, which is composed of oil, di- vided and held in suspension in water by means of mucilage. Emulsions have been divided into the true and oily, and into the false or not oily; the latter being composed of resinous substances, balsams, or camphor, rubbed up with dilute al- cohol, mucilage, or yolk cf egg. Emulsio Aca'cia Ai.ab'ice, Emul'sio Arab'- ica ; Gum Ar'abic Emulsion. (Nucleor. amygd. comm. %j, aqua Ibijss, mucilay. acac ^ij, sacch. giv. While beating the decorticated almonds with the sugar and water, add the mucilage. — Ph. E.) Used in the same cases as the last. Emulsio Amyg'dal^b, Lac amyg'dala, Emul'- sio simplex, Amygdala'txtm, Mistu'ra amygdala, Emulsio sive Lac Amygdaln'rum, Almond Emul- sion, Almond Milk, (F.) Lait d'amandes. (Amyg- dal. dulc. ^ss; Acacim, in pulv. ^ss; Sacchar. gij; Aqum destillat. f^viij. Macerate the al- monds in water, and having removed their ex- ternal coat, beat them with the gum Arabic and sugar, in a marble mortar, till they are thoroughly mixed; then rub the mixture with the distilled water gradually added, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) It is used as a diluent and demulcent. Emulsio Antihysterica, Mistura asafoetidte —e. Arabica, Emulsio acacias Arabicae. Emulsio Cam'phor^jE'. Camphora'ta, Mistu'ra Camphora; Camphor Emulsion. (Camphora 9j, amygd, com. decortic, sacch. dur., aa giv, aqua §vj. — Ph. E.) A convenient form for giving camphor. Emulsio Guaiacina, Mistura guaiaci—e. Le- niens, Looch ex ovo. ^Emulsio O'lei Amygdala'rum ; Emulsion of Oil of Almonds, (Ol. amygd. Zj, guru acac. pulv. gij, syrup, ^j, aqua destill. 51V. Mix. A good pectoral or cough mixture. Emulsio O'lei Ric"ini ; Castor Oil Emulsion (Ol. ricini ^ss, vitelli ovi q. s., aqxta destillat. §j.) An aperient draught. Emulsio O'lei Terebin'thinje ; Emulsion of Oil of Tur'pentine, (Ol. tereb. red. 9ij. sacch. alb. ^ss. vitell. ovi j, emuls. amygd. vel aqua de- stillat. §vj. Mix. In rheumatic and nephritic affections. Dose f^fiss. Emulsio Oleosa, Looch ex ovo. Emulsio Purgans cum Jala'PjE Resi'na, Purging Emulsion with Resin of Jalap. (Ja- lapa resin, gr. xij. sacch. alb. g\j. Triturate for some time, and add gradually half the yolk of an egg; continue to triturate, adding by degrees emuls. simpl. §v, oq.flor, aurant. gij.—Ph. P.) Emulsio Purgans cum Scammo'nio; Purging Emulsion with Scammony. It is prepared like the preceding, substituting only Scammony for the jalap. Emulsio Simplex, E. Amygdalas. EMULSION, Emulsio —e. Almond, Emulsio amygdalas—e. Camphor, Emulsio Camphoras—e. Castor oil, Emulsio olei ricini — e. Gum Arabic, Emulsio acacias Arabicae — e. Huileuse, Looch ex ovo—e. of Oil of Almonds, Emulsio olei amygda- larum—e. of Oil of Turpentine, Emulsio olei tere- binthinas—e. Purging with resin of jalap, Emul- sio purgans cum jalapae resinS,—e. Purging, with scammony, Emulsio purgans cum scammonio. EMUL'SIVE, Emulsi'vas; same etymon. An epithet given to seeds whence oil may be ex- tracted by expression ; such as almonds, apricots, peaches, hemp, rape, melons, gourds ; those of the nut kind, and cucurbitaceous and cruciferous plants in general. EMUNCTORIUM, Emunctory —e. Cerebri, Nasus. EMUNC'TORYT, Fmuncto'rium, from emnngere, (e, and mungere,) 'to drain off,' 'to cleanse.' Emissa'rium, (F.) Emonctoire, Ernissaire. Any organ whose office it is to give issue to matters which ought to be excreted. The ancients be- lieved that some organs were more particularly destined to serve as emunctories of others: the nasal fossae, for example, they believed to be thi emunctories of the brain. EMUNDANTIA. Detergents. EMYS PALUS'TRIS, Salt Water Ter'ropin. This species of turtle is found exclusively in salt or brackish waters, near the sea shore, along ttie whole Atlantic coast. It is much prized by the EN 325 ENCEPHALOID epicure, and is nutritious and tolerably easy of digestion when dressed plain. EN, see Em. ENADELPHIA, Emboitement. EK33MA, Hasmostatica. EN2EM0N, Styptic. ENiEORE'MA, from tv, 'in/ and ampm, 'I lift up/ 'that which hangs or floats in.' The Neph'ele, Nubes, Sublimamen'tam, Sublima'tio, Sublime, Suspen'sum, S. Uri'na, Suspen'sa, Nu- bec'ula or cloud, which is suspended in the urine as it cools. ENAM'EL OF THE TEETH, Den'tium Nitor, Cortex, Cortex stria'ta, Substantia fllamento'sa of Malpighi, S. Adaman'tina den'tium, Crusta Den'tium adaman'tina, Adamantine substance. The substance which covers the coronas of the teeth, and which has, also, been called the vitre- ous substance, Substjxn'tia vit'rea, (F.) Substance vitree ou emailiee, Email des Dents. The enamel is of a milky-white colour, and sufficiently hard to strike fire with steel. Its surface is very smooth and polished, and it forms a thicker layer towards the part where the teeth come in contact, and becomes thinner towards the cervix. The fibres of the enamel are perpendicular to the surface of the teeth, on the ivory of which they seem, as it were, planted. This gives them a velvety appearance, when examined by the mi- croscope. The enamel has no blood vessels, and is not renewed when removed. It is formed of phosphate of lime, and a very small portion of animal matter. ENANTHE'MA, same etymon as the next. A name recently given to certain eruptions of the mucous membrane, as exanthema is to certain eruptions of the skin. ENANTHE'SIS, from tv, 'in/ and avStor, 'I flourish.' Rash exan'them. Eruption of red, level or nearly level patches, variously figured, irre- gularly diffused, often confluent, and terminating in cuticular exfoliations. A genus in the order Exanthematica, class Hamatica of Cullen, inclu- ding scarlet fever, measles, Ac. Enanthesis Rosalia, Scarlatina — e. Urtica- ria, Urticaria. ENANTIOPATHIC, Palliative. ENARTHRO'SIS, Inarticula'tio, Pall and Socket-joint, from tv, 'in,' and apSptaoig, 'an arti- culation.' A kind of diarthrodial articulation, in which the head of a bone is received into the cavity of another, and can be moved in all direc- tions. The joint of the os femoris with the os- innominatum is one of this character. ENAR'THRUM, from tv, 'in/ and apBpov, 'a joint.' A foreign body in a joint, ENAUSMA, Fomites. ENCAN'THIS, from tv, 'in/ and xavGog, 'the angle of the eye.' A tumour, formed by an in- crease in size, or a degeneration, of the caruncula lachrymalis. Any morbid growth in the inner angle of the eye. Encanthis Benig'na. Simple excrescence of the caruncula. It commonly yields to astringent collyria. Encanthis Fungo'sa. A condition of the se- milunar fold and lachrymal caruncle, in which they are the seat of morbid growths. Encanthis Inflammato'ria. Inflammation with enlargement — swelling — of the semilunar fold and lachrymal caruncle. Encanthis Malig'na has often a cancerous oharacter, and requires extirpation before it has attained any considerable size. ENCARPOS, Pregnant. ENCASIXTG, Emboitement. ENCATALEPSIS, Catalepsy. ENCATHIS'MA, Semicu'pium. With the an- cients Encathis'ma, eyxadtepa, meant a vapour- bath taken sitting. ENCAU'MA, from tv, 'in/ and xavoi, 'I burn.' Epieau'mis, Epicau'sis, Encau'sis. A tumour produced by a burn. A burn. Also, an ulcer of the transparent cornea, occasioning loss of the humours.—Ae'tius, Gorrasus. ENCAUSIS, Burn, Encauma, Moxibustion. ENCAUSSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. En- causse is a village in the department of the Haute-Garonne, which possesses several saline, acidulous springs. ENCA VURE, Argema. ENCEINTE, Pregnant. ENCENS, Juniperus lycia. ENCEPHALALGIA, Cephalalgia—e. Hydro- pica, Hydrocephalus internus. ENCEPHAL'IC, Encephalicus, from tv, 'in/ and xttpdXn, 'the head.' That which is situate in the head. A name given to several parts which relate to the encephalon, as, the encephalic mem- branes, muscles, Ac. ENCEPHALI'TIS: same etymon. This term has been used, by some nosologists, synonymously with Cephalitis and Phrenitis. By others, it has been appropriated to inflammation of the brain, in contradistinction to that of the membranes. Encephalitis Exsudatoria, Hydrocephalus internus — e. Infantum, Hydrocephalus internus —e. Insolationis, Coup-de-soleil—e. Membranosa, Meningitis—e. Peripherica, Meningitis—e. Pota- torum, Delirium tremens. ENCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum. ENCEPHALOCE'LE, from tyxttpaXov, 'the brain/ and xnXr,, 'a tumour.' Hernia Cer'ebri, Fungus Cerebri, Cranioce'le, Hernia of the Prain. This may be a congenital or accidental affection. In the former case, it is dependent upon tardy ossification of the fontanelles or some faulty con- formation. In the latter, it is owing to some considerable loss of substance in the parietes of the cranium, produced by fractures, wounds with a cutting instrument, caries, the application of the trephine, Ac. In slight congenital encepha- locele, gentle pressure may be exerted upon the protruded portion. When the disease is of con- siderable extent, it is fatal. In accidental ence- phalocele, similar means must be used for eon- fining the tumour, and preserving it from the action of external bodies. ENCEPIIALOCHYSIS, Hydrocephalus inter- nus—e. Senilis, Apoplexy, serous. ENCEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia. ENCEPHALOHiEMIA, Cephalasmia. ENCEPHALOHEMIE, Cephalasmia. ENCEPH'ALOID, Encephaldides, Ceph'aloid, Cephnloides, Cephalo'ma, from tyxttpaXov, 'the brain/ and tiSog, 'resemblance.' Laennec has given the term Enceph'aloid or Cer'ebriform matter to one of the morbid substances commonly formed by scirrhous or cancerous tumours. It is either encysted, in irregular masses without cysts, or infiltrated into the texture of the diseased or- gan. This name was given to it in consequence of its resemblance, when fully developed, to the medullary substance of the brain. It is also called Fungus medulla'ris, F. Canero'sus medul- la'ris, Sarco'ma medulla're, Spongoid inflamma- tion, Fungus cerebra'lis, Cancer cerebrifor'me, Cancer mollis, C. Medulla'ris, Carcino'ma medul- la're, C. Spongio'sum, Carclnus spongio'sus, Mye- lo'ma, Myelomy'ces, Myelospon'gus, Tela accidci- ta'lis medulla'x-is, (F.) Matiere cerebriforme, Car- cinome mou et spongcux, Tumeur encephalo'ide, Fongus medrtllaire, Carcindme eanglant, Cancer mou; Milt-like tumou , Med'ullary sarcoma, CeV• ENCEPHALOLOGIA 326 ENDERMIC hilar concur,Fungoid disease, Hamatocer'ebriform disease. See Cancer. Encephaloid Tumour of the Lung, Phthisis, cancerous. ENCEPHALOLOG"IA, from tyxttpaXog, 'the encephalon/ and Xoyog, ' a description.' A de- scription of the encephalon. ENCEPHALOMALACIA, Mollities cerebri. ENCEPHALOMALAXIS, Mollities cerebri. ENCEPH'ALON, Enceph'alum, Enceph'alus, from tv, ' in/ and xtipaXn, the head.' That which is situate in the head. This name has generally been given to the brain, cerebellum, and mesoce- pholon. At times, it includes likewise the me- dulla spinalis, when it is also called the Cerebro- spinal axis and Neural axis. ENCEPHALOPATHY, from tyxttpaXog, 'the encephalon/ and iradog, ' disease.' A disease of the encephalon. Encephalopathy Puerperalis, Mania,puer- peral — e. Saturnina, see Encephalopathie satur- nine. ENCEPHALOPATHY ORAPULEUSE, Delirium tremens. ENCEPHALOPATHIE SATURNINE, En- cephalopathy a Saturnina, from tyxttpaXog, ' the encephalon,' iradog, 'disease/ and saturnus, 'lead.' Encephalic disorder occasioned by the poison of lead. ENCEPHALOPHY'MATA, Phymato'ses seu Strumo'ses seu Tuber'cula cer'ebri. Tubercles of the brain. ENCEPHALOPHTHISIS, see Encephalo- pyosis. ENCEPHALOPYO'SIS, from tyxttpaXog, 'the brain,' and irvov, ' pus.' Aposte'ma seu Absces'sus seu Helco'sis cer'ebri. Suppuration of the brain. When accompanied with emaciation and hectic, it is called Encephalopthi'sis. ENCEPHALORRHAGIA, see Apoplexy. ENCEPHALOSCOPIA, Craniology. ENCEPHALOSEPSIS, Mollities cerebri. EXCEPHALOSIS OF THE LIVER, Hepa- toscirrhus. ENCEPHALOSISMUS, Concussion of the brain. ENCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS, see Hydrocepha- lus internus. ENCEPHALUM, Encephalon. ENCEPHALUS OPISTHIUS, Cerebellum. ENCEROSIS, Inceration. ENCHARAXIS, Scarification. ENCHEIRE'SIS, Enchire'sis,Enchei'ria, from tv, and xu9> 'the hand.' Galen uses this term as a part of the title to one of his works, which treats of dissection. It means the manual treatment of any subject. ENCHEIRIA, Encheiresis. ENCIIIFRENEMENT, Coryza. ENCHIRESIS, Encheiresis. ENCHONDROMA, Chondroma. ENCHORIONOSUS, Endemic. ENCHORIOS, Endemic. ENCHRISTON, Liniment. ENCHYLOSIS, Extraction. ENCHYMA, Infusum, Plethora. ENCHYMO'MA, Enchymo'sis, from tv, and Xvo, 'I pour.' By the ancients, this word was used to designate the sudden effusion of blood into the cutaneous vessels which arises from joy, anger, or sname; in the last instance constituting blushing. It differs from enchymosis in there being, in the latter, extravasation of blood into the areolar texture, and its being produced by an external cause; a contusion, for example.— Hippocrates. ENCHYSIS, Infusion. ENCLAVEE, Wedged. ENCLA YEMENI', see Wedged. ENCL UME, Incus. ENCLYDAS'TICOS, intus fluc'tuans, from «y- xXvSa^opat, ' to float in.' Applied to liquids, e. g. to serum, pus, Ac, contained in any cavity. ENCLYSMA, Clyster, Enema. ENC03'LIA, from tv, 'in/ and xoiXia, 'thebel- ly.' The abdominal viscera. The entrails. ENC03LIALGIA, Tormina—e. Inflammatoria, Encoslitis. ENCffiLI'TIS, Enccelii'tis, Enccelialg"ia in- flammato'ria, Inflamma'tio abdomina'lis, from tyxotXta, 'the abdominal contents,' and t'h'», in- flammation. Inflammation of any of the abdo- minal viscera. ENCOLPIS'MUS, from tv, 'in/ and xoXirog, 'the vagina.' Injection or introduction of any thing into the vagina. ENCOPE, Diacope, Incision. ENCRANION, Cerebellum. ENCRANIS, Cerebellum. ENCRE, Atramentum. ENCY'ESIS, Fecundation, Pregnancy. ENCYMON, Pregnancy. ENCYMOSIA, Fecundation, Pregnancy. ENCYSIS, Pregnancy. ENCYST'ED, Cyetide obduc'tus, Sacca'tus, Saccula'tus, Sac'cated, Sac'culated, Pouched. Enclosed in a kyst or cyst, or pouch; from tv, 'in/ and xvang, 'bladder.' (F.) Exikyste. An epithet given to certain tumours, or solid or fluid collections enclosed in a particular envelope or cyst. They are movable and often elastic to the touch. ENCYS'TIS, Tumor tunica'tus, T. cys'iicus, Emphy'ma encys'tis. Same etymon. Lxt'pia, Glan'dula Avicen'na, Nodus. An encysted tu- mour. ENDAN'GIUM; properly Endangi'on, from tvSov, ' within/ and ayyttov, ' a vessel.' The se- rous or lining membrane of vessels. ENDEICTICOS, Indicant. ENDEIXIOL"OGY, Endeixiolog"ia- from tv- Stti-tg, 'indication/ and Xoyog, 'a discourse.' The doctrine of indications. ENDEIXIS, Indication. EXDEMIA, Endemic. ENDEMTC, Endem'ical, Ende'mia, Regiona'- lis morbus, Endem'icus, from ey, 'in,' and Snpos, 'the people;' Encho'rios, Enchorion'osus, Ver. nac'xi/us seu Exidemius mor'bus, Endemy. A dis- ease is said to be endemic, or to arise from ende- mic"ity, (F.) endemicite, when it is owing to some peculiarity in a situation or locality. Thus, ague is endemic in marshy countries ; goitre at the base of lofty mountains, Ac. Some authors use the term in the same sense as epidemic. We have no accurate knowledge of the emanations or other circumstances which give occasion to en- demic affections. We seem to know that some emanation from marshy lands does produce in- termittents ; but we are ignorant of the nature of such emanation. ENDEMICITE, see Endemic. EXDEMICITY, see Endemic. ENDEMIOL'OGY', Endemiolog" ia, from evJi?. pia, 'an endemic,' and Xoyog, 'a discourse.' The doctrine of endemic diseases. ENDEMY', Endemic. ENDEPIDERMIS, Epithelium. ENDER'MIC, Ender'micus, Endermat'icus, Emplas'tro-endex'mic, from tv, 'in/ and Stppa, 'the skin.' An epithet given to the method of treat- ing diseases by placing the therapeutical agent in contact with the skin, especially after the cu- ticle has been removed ; Endermiam, Fndermie.'- mua, Endermo'sis, MelVodus ender'mica seu en- ENDERMIS 327 ENEMA dermal ica. Morphia, strychnia, Ac, are often administered in this way. ENDERMIS, see Endermic. ENDERMISMUS, see Endermic. ENDERMOS'IS, see Endermic. EN'DESIS, from tv, 'in,' and Stto, 'I bind.' A ligature, bandage, connexion. Hippocrates has so termed the ankle-joint. ENDIVE, Cichorium endivia—e. Wild, Cicho- rium intybus. ENDIVIA, Cichorium endivia. ENDIXIS, Indication. EXDO, from tvSov, 'within.' A common prefix, as in the following terms : ENDO-AORTI'TIS, from tvSov, 'within,' and aortitis, ' inflammation of the aorta.' Inflamma- tion of the lining membrane of the aorta. EXDO-ARTERITIS, see Arteritis. EXDOCAR'DIAC, Endocardial, Endocardl- acus : same etymon as the next. Relating to the endocardium, or to the interior of the heart; as ' endocardiac sound or murmur,' — a sound pro- duced within the cavities of the heart, in contra- distinction to exocardiac or exocardial sounds or murmurs, which are induced by conditions of the external surface of the organ. ENDOCARDI'TIS, Carditis inter'na, Inflam- ma'tio auperfic"iei inter'na cordia, Inter'nal Car- ditis, Inflamma'tion of the internal membrane of the heart, from Endocard'ium, the lining mem- brane of the heart, and itia, inflammation. In this disease, the heart's action is visibly in- creased, and very manifest to the touch; the hand is strongly repelled, and, at moments, is sensible of a trembling vibratory motion. Per- cussion gives a dull sound over a surface of seve- ral inches, owing, according to Bouillaud, to the inflammatory turgescence of the heart, and the engorged state of its cavities. On auscultation a bruit de soufflet is generally heard, masking one or both sounds of the heart; and the ear is I sensible of a metallic ringing with each systole of the ventricle. The pulsations are rapid as well as strong, and, with few exceptions, irregu- lar, unequal and intermittent. The pulse, by the way, does not always indicate the force or num- ber of the heart's contractions. ENDOCAR'DIUM, from tvSov, 'within/ and xapSia, 'the heart.' The membrane that lines the interior of the heart. ENDOCHORION, see Chorion. ENDOCOLITIS, Dysentery. ENDODONTI'TIS, (F.) Inflammation de la Pulpe dentaire, Inflammation of the Dental mem- brane, from tvSov, 'within,' oSovg, 'a tooth,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the lining membrane of a tooth. ENDO-ENTERITIS, see Enteritis. ENDOGASTRI'TIS, Esogastri'tis; from tvSov, 'within,' and gastritis, 'inflammation of the sto- mach.' Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach. ENDOGEN, see Endogenous. ENDOGENOUS; from tvSov, 'within/ and ytwato, 'I engender.' A term first applied to plants—hence called End'ogens—in which the new woody matter is deposited within the old and towards the centre. In the animal, cells are often formed endogenously, or within the cells, as in the case of the sperm vesicles. ENDOLY^MPH, Vitrine auditive. ENDOMETRITIS, from tvSov, 'within/ and metritis, 'inflammation of the uterus.' Inflam- mation of the lining membrane of the uterus. ENDONARTERITIS, see Arteritis. ENDOSIS, Remission. ENDO-SKELETON, see Skeleton. ENDOSMOSE, Endosmo'sis, Imbibil'ro, Tm- bibil'ion, from tvSov, ' within/ and oiouog, ' im- pulse.' A term used by Dutrochet, to express the action by which fluids pass from without to within organic membranes. The action of two fluids on each other, when separated by a membrane. The general conditions of the phe- nomena are:—first, that they should have an affinity for the interposed membrane; and se- condly, that they should have an affinity for each other, and be miscible. At the present day, endosmose is generally used to signify the passage of the more transmissible fluid, whilst exosmose signifies that of the least transmissible. The rapidity with which endos- mose is accomplished varies according to the nature of the septum or tissue and of the pene- trating body, and to the penetrability of the tissue. ENDOSMOT'IC, Endosrnolicus; same etymon. Belonging to endosmose :—as an 'endosmotic cur- rent.' ENDOSTEPTIS, from tvSov, 'within/ oartov, 'a bone,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- flammation of the internal periosteum. ENDOSTEUM, Medullary membrane. ENDOUTERITIS, see Metritis. END UIT (F.), from induere, 'to put upon, 'to put on.' A coat; a fur. This term is often applied to a layer of greater or less thickneas which covers the surface of certain organs, and particularly of the tongue and the interior of the mouth. The enduit is designated variously, ac- cording to its appearance,—enrfm'f bilieux, jaune, blanc, Ac. — a bilious, yellow, white coat or fur; Ac. It is at times owing to the evaporation of the watery portions of the secretions; at others, to a morbid condition of the secretions: — gene- rally, to both causes combined. ENDUIT CHOROIDIEN, see Choroid. ENDURCISSEMENT, Induration — e. du Cerveau, Sclerencephalia—e. Rouge, see Hepati- zation—e. du Cceur, Cardiosclerosie—e. du Tissu cellulaire, Induration of the cellular tissue. ENDYMA VENTRICULORUM, Ependyma ventriculorum. EXECIIEMA, Tinnitus aurium. ENECIA, Synocha—e. Cauma, Synocha—e. Synochus Puerperarum, see Peritonitis—e. Syno- chus, Synochus. EX'EMA, from tvmpi, (tv, and tnpi,) 'to inject.' Clysma, Clysmus, Enclys'ma, Lavamen'tum, Lo'tio. An Injection, Clyster, (F.) Clystlre, Lavemextt. A well-known form of conveying medicine into the intestinal canal. See Clyster. Enema Anod'ynum, Enema O'pii; An'odyne Clyster, Starch and Opium Clyster. (Gclat. arnyli Oss, tinct. opii gtt. 40 vel 60.) Exhibited in cases of severe diarrhoea or dysentery. Enema Cathar'ticum ; Purging Clyster. (Manna ^j, decoct, ehamam. comp. ^x, olei oliv. £}, sulph. magnes. ^ss. Ph. D.) Enema Commu'ne ; Common Clyster, Domestic Clyster. ( Water gruel, or molasaea and xvater Oss or Oj ; add a little oil or lord, and a apoonful of common salt.) Given as a cathartic enema; and, without the common salt, as an emollient. Enema Foet'idum, Fetid Clyster; Mia'tura asvu- fcet'ida pro clya'xnate, Clysma ton'icum et anti- epasmod'ieum seu in'citans et sedans, (F.) Lave-' ment antrspasmodique. (The last, with the addi- tion of £\j of the tincture of asafoetida. Ph. D.) Given as an antispasmodic and anodyne. Enema Nicotia'n>b; Tobac'co Clyster. Thin generally consists of from half a pint to a pint of the Infusum Tabaci. It is employed in cases of strangulated hernia; but occasionally acts as a fatal poison when given in this way. The smok* ENEPIDERMIC 3: ftf tobacco is sometimes thrown up the rectum to produce the same medicinal effects as the infusion. Enema Opii, E. anodynum. Enema Terebin'thin^b j Tur'pentine Clyster. (Ol. tereb. f ^iij, gruel Oss, one yolk of egg. In- corporate the turpentine with the yolk, then add the gruel.) To be administered in cases of asca- rides, (oxyures.) ENEPIDERM'IC, Enepider'micus, from tv, 'in,' tin, 'upon,' and Stppa, 'the skin.' An epi- thet given to the method of treating diseases, which consists in the application of medicines; as plasters, blisters, Ac, to the skin. ENEREISIS, Compression. ENERGIA, Action, Force. EN'ERGYT, Energi'a, from tvtpytta, (tv, and tpyov, 'action,') 'I act.' Action. Acting power. Also, vigour; as the 'muscular energy;' the 'brain acts xcith energy.' ENERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Enervation. ENERVA'TION, Enerva'tio, from e, ' out of/ and nervxts, 'strength.' The act of weakening— the state of being weakened. See Debility. ENERVATIONES TENDINE^l, Inscripti- ones tendineas musculorum. ENERVITAS, Inertia. ENFANCE, Infancy. ENFANT, Infans—e. d Terme, see Foetus—e. Legitime, see Legitimate. ENFLURE, Swelling, QMema—e. des Jambes et des cuisses de la femme accouchee, Phlegmatia dolens. ENFONCEMENT SCAPHOIDE, Scaphoi- des fossa. ENGASTERION, Laboratory. EXGASTRIMISME, see Engastrimyth. EXGASTRIMYSME, see Engastrimyth. ENGAS'TRIMYTH ; Engastrimy'thus, En- glottogas'tor, Gastriloquus, Ventriloquus, Gas- friloquist, Eu'rycles, Eurycli'tus, Enteroman'tie, Gastroman'tis, from tv, ' in,' yaornp, ' the belly,' and pvStopai, ' I discourse.' A Ventriloquist. (F.) Ventriloque, Gastdloque. One who pos- sesses the art of modifying his natural voice, so that it seems to come from a greater or less dis- tance, and from different directions. It was for- merly believed that such persons spoke from the belly ; hence their name. It is an imitative art, and is called Ventriloquism. (F.) Engastri- misme, Engastrimysme. ENGEISOMA, Engisoma. ENGEL URE, Chilblain. EXGHIEN MONTMORENCY, MINERAL WATERS OF. A hydrosulphurous water, four leagues from Paris, near Montmorency, which is possessed of some celebrity. It contains chloride of sodium, chloride of magnesium, sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, carbonate of magne- sia, carbonate of lime, silica, sulphohydrate of lime and magnesia, sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid and azote. ENGISO'MA, Engeiso'ma, Engizo'ma, from iyyifa, 'I approximate.' (F.) Embarrure. A species of fracture of the skull, in which a splin- ter passes beneath the sound portion of the bone, and compresses the brain.—Galen. Also, a kind of instrument used in fractures of the clavicle. ENGLISH DISEASE, Rachitis. EXGLOTTOGASTOR, Engastrimyth. ENGOMPHOSIS, Gomphosis. ENGORGEMENT, from en, ' in/ and gorge, 'the throat.' An obstruction occurring in the vessels of a part, giving rise to augmentation of Volume. Congestion. ENGORGEMENT DES MEMPRES AR- VOMINAUXA LA SUITE DES COUCHES, 8 ENSTROPHE Phlegmasia dolens—e. Hepatic, Hepatohasmla— e. Laiteux des membres abdominaux, Phlegmatia dolens. ENGOUEMENT (F.), Obstruc'tio, Iner'tia, from angere, ' to choke.' Accumulation in a hollow organ, of the matters secreted by it or carried into it. There is said to be Engonemcxit des bronches, when the mucus accumulates in the bronchia; and Exigoxtement des intestine, when the matters which ought to pass through the in- testines are detained; as in a case of strangulated hernia. ENG 0 UEMENT DES P 0 UMONS, E. of the lungs, in Pathological Anatomy, signifies that state of the lungs, in which a mixture of air and thin fluid escapes from them when cut into. ENGOURDISSEMENT, Torpor. ENGRENURE, Suture. ENH.EMATOSIS, Hasmatosis. ENIXA, Puerpera. ENIXIO F03TUS, Parturition. ENIXUS FGETUS, Parturition. ENKYSTE, Encysted. ENKYSTEMENT, Chatonnement. ENNEAPHAR'MACOS, from twta, 'nine/ and ipappaxov, ' a medicine.' A medicine, com- posed of nine simple ingredients. A pessary, so formed. — Galen, Paulus. The Antid'otus Hera- cli'dis, described by Galen, and some plasters by Ae'tius and Celsus, are, likewise, termed Ennea- pharmaca.—Gorrasus. ENOR'MON, tvuppurv, Hormon, Im'petum fa'- ciens, from tv, ' in,' and oppata, ' I rouse, ' excite.' A word used by Hippocrates in the same sense as vital principle is by modern physiologists. ENOSIS, Insertion. ENOSTOSIS, Entosto'sis, from tv, 'in/ and oortov, 'a bone.' A morbid growth of bone in- wards—the opposite to exostosis. ENRYTH'MOS, from tv, andpvSpog, 'number.' Having rhythm. An epithet applied to the pulse when its pulsations occur with some degree of order. It is opposed to Aryth'mos, and differs from Eurythmos, which signifies 'regular.' ENROUEMENT, Raucedo. ENS. A being. Paracelsus meant, by this term, the power exerted by certain beings on our body. He speaks of the Ens Dei, the Ens Astro'rum, the Ens natura'le, the Ens virtu'tis, Ens morbo'rnm, Ens de potexltibus spirilibus, Ac. These absurd denominations suggested to some of the ancient chymists a name for certain chemi- cal preparations. The muriate of ammonia and iron was called Ens martis; the muriate of am- monia and copper, Ens veneris; and Ens primum was, with the alchymists, the name of a tincture which they considered possessed of the power of transmuting metals. Ens Martis, Ferrum ammoniatum—e. Veneris Boylei, Ferrum ammoniatum. E N ' SIF 0 R M, Ensifor'mis, from ensis, ' > sword/ and forma, 'form.' Sword-like. Ensiform Apoph'yses or Proc"esses are the lesser alas of the sphenoid bone. Ensiform Appen'dix or Car'tilage is the xiphoid appendix of the sternum, Ac. See Xi- phoid. ENSIFORMIS, Xiphoid. ENSI-STERNAL. Relating to the ensiform process of the sternum. BSclard gave this name to the last osseous portion of the sternum. He also called it Vos ultimi-sternal. See Ultimo- sternal. ENSOMATOSIS, Incorporation. ENSTALAX'IS, Instillation. EN'STROPHE, from tv, 'in/ and erptria, 'I turn.' Inversion of a part, as of the eyelids. ENTAELEMENT 329 ENTEROCACE : ENTAELEMENT, Depression. ..ENTAILLE (F.), from en, 'in,' and tailler, 'to cut.' Excis'io, Ec'cope, Ec'tome. A deep wound made by a sharp instrument obliquely. Entailles and Taillades are, also, used to desig- nate deep scarifications, made for the purpose of producing a speedy degorgement of any tumefied part; such, for example, as are made in the tongue in certain cases of glossitis. ' ENTANTHEMA, Eisanthema. ENTASIA, Tonic spasm—e. Articularis, Con- tracture — e. Loxia, Torticollis — e. Priapismus, Priapismus—e. Systremma, Cramp—e. Tetanus, Tetanus — e. Tetanus anticus, Emprosthotonos— e. Trismus, Trismus. ENTASIS, Tonic spasm. ENTAT'ICUS, Intenslvus, from tvrtivux, 'I make tense.' A medicine which excites the ve- nereal appetite. ENTELIPATHIA, Nymphomania. ENTELMINTHA, Worms. ENTENDEMENT, Intellect. ENTERAD'ENES, from tvrtpov, 'an intestine,' and ai5r;i<, 'a gland.' The mucous glands of the Intestines. See Peyeri glandulas. ENTERADENOG'RAPHY, Enteradenogra'- phia, from tvrtpov, 'intestine/ aSnv, 'gland,' and ypatpn, ' a description.' A description of the in- testinal glands. ENTER AD ENOL'OGY, Enteradenolog"ia, from tvrtpov, 'intestine/ aSr/v, 'gland/ and Xoyog, 'a treatise.' That part of anatomy which treats of the intestinal glands. ENTERAL'GIA, Enterodyn'ia, from tvrtpov, ' intestine/ and aXyog, ' pain.' Pain in the intes- tines. Colic. Enteralgia Acuta, Enteritis — e. Inflamma- toria, Enteritis—e. Saturnina, Colica metallica. ENTERANGExMPHRAXIS, Enterangi- etnphraxis. ENTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS, Enteran- gemphrax'is, from tvrtpov, ' intestine/ ayx^j ' I strangle,' and tptppao-our, ' I obstruct.' Obstruction of the vessels of the intestines. ENTERATROPH'IA, Atroph'iaIntestino'rum, {torn tvrtpov, 'intestine/ and atrophia, 'want of nutrition.' Atrophy of the coats of the intestines. EXTERAUXE, from tvrtpov, 'intestine/ and av^n, 'increase.' Hypertrophy of the muscular- coat of the intestines.—Fuchs. ENTERECHE'MA, Son'itus intestina'lis. The sbund of the movement of the intestines, heard by the stethoscope. ENTERECTASIS, Dilata'tio Intestino'rum, from tvrtpov, 'intestine/ and txraaig, 'dilatation.' Dilatation of the intestines, as in tympanites. ENTERELCO'SIS, Enterhelco'eie, Enterohel- co'aia, from tvrtpov, 'intestine/ and 'tXxoratg, 'ul- ceration.' Ulceration of intestines — Ulcera'tio intestina'lis, Ulcera inteatina'lia. EXTERELESIA, Ileus. EXTERELOSIS, Ileus. EXTEREMPHRAX'IS, Infarc'tus Intestino'- rum, Incarcera'tio intestino'rum inter'na, (F.) Etranglement des Inteatixie, E. Intestinale, from tvrtpov, 'intestine/ and tptppal-tg, 'obstruction.' Obstruction of the Intestines from accumulation of fasces or otherwise. Also, Enterangiemphraxis. ENTEREN'CHYTA, Enteren'chytes, from tv- rtpov, 'an intestine/ tv, 'in/ and xtu>> '■"■ pour.' Any surgical instrument for administering injec- tions.—Scultetus. ENTEREPIPLOCELE, Enteroepiplocele. ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCE'LE, from tvrt- pov, 'intestine,' eimrXoov, 'omentum/ tptpoXog, ' navel,' and xnXn, ' rupture.' Hernia of the um- bilicus with protrusion of the omentum and in- testine. ENTERHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis—e. Nervosa, Typhus (abdominal.) ENTERHYPERTROPH'IA, Hypertroph'ia in- testino'rum, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' and hyper- trophic, 'excessive nutrition.' Hypertrophy of the coats of the intestines. ENTER'ICA, from tvrtpov, 'an intestine.' Dis- eases affecting the alimentary canal. Order I., Class I. (Cceliaca,) of Good. Also, medicines affecting the alimentary canal. ENTERITE FOLLICULEUSE, see Typhus —e. Typhohemique, Typhoid fever. ENTERI'TIS, from tvrtpov, ' an intestine/ and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the intestines. Empres'ma Enteritis, Intestino'rum inflamma'tio, Ileo-coli'tis, Chordap'sus, Cauma Enteritis, Enterophlog"ia, Enterophlogo'sis, Co'- lica acuta, C. inflammato'ria, Il'exis inflammato'- rius, Enteralgia acu'ta, E. Inflammato'ria, Fe- bris intestino'rum, F. ili'aca inflammato'ria; Fn- terop'yra, (F.) Entente, Inflammation des Intestine. The essential symptoms of this disease are:— violent abdominal pain, increased on pressure; with vomiting and inflammatory fever. Enteritis may affect both the peritoneal and the mucous. coat of the intestines; and, in violent cases, all the coats may be implicated. The structure of the mucous and peritoneal coats is different; so are their functions in health and disease. The inflammation of the serous coat, Sero-enteritis, resembles that of the cellular membrane; the inflammation of the mucous coat that of the skin. The former is usually, therefore, of a more active character. Inflammation of the mucous coat, Eso-enteri'tis, Endo-enteritis, Muco-entex-i'tis, Mucous Enteritis, Phlegmymeni'tis enter'ica, is generally attended with diarrhoea, and its patho- logy is identical with that of dysentery. Inflam- mation of the peritoneal coat is, on the other hand, generally attended with constipation. Enteritis of the peritoneal coat, for such usually is the meaning of the word in the abstract, re- quires the most active treatment. Copious bleed- ing, followed up by a large dose of opium — and, if the symptoms be not decidedly ameliorated, repeating the bleeding and opium—warm fomen- tations, and blisters, are the chief agents to be relied upon. Purgatives ought not to be exhibited until the inflammation and spasm are abated by the use of the bleeding and opium. When the physician is called early, this plan will usually succeed. Sometimes, Enteritis passes into a chro- nic state, requiring much careful management. Broussais considered inflammation of the mucous coat of the stomach and intestines as the proxi- mate cause of the phenomena of fever. Enteritis Arthritica, Cosliagra — e. Colica, Colitis — e. Epiploitis, Epiploitis — e. Follicular, Typhoid fever — e. Folliculosa, see Typhoid — e. Mesenterica, Mesenteritis—e. Mucous, see Ente- ritis—e. Pustulosa, Dothinenteritis. ENTERO, from tvrtpov, 'an intestine,' in com* pound words signifies intestine, as in the follow- ing :— ENTEROBRO'SIS, Enter■orrhex'is, Perfora'tic Intestino'rum, (F.) Perforation des Intestins, from tvrtpov, 'an intestine/ and Ppurotg, 'the act of gnawing.' Perforation of the intestines. ENTEROCACE, Dysente'ria pu'trida seu ty- pho'des seu scorbutica seu malig'na, from tvrtpov, 'an intestine/and xaxog, 'evil.' Adynamic dy- sentery, accompanied by phenomena indicating a pseudo-membranous and gangrenous state of *Jtu lining membrane of the large intestine. ENTEROCELE ENTEROCE'LE, Hernia intestina'lis, from tv- rtpov, 'an intestine/ and xnXn, 'a hernia,' 'tu- mour.' Abdominal hernia, which contains only a portion of intestine, is so called. ENTERO-CEPHALOPYRA INFANTUM, Hydrocephalus Internus. ENTEROCffi'LICUS, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' and xoiXia, ' the cavity of the abdomen.' Relating to the cavity of the abdomen. ENTEROCYSTOCE'LE, from tvrtpov, ' an in- testine,' xvang, ' a bladder,' and xnXn, ' a tumour.' Hernia formed by the bladder and a portion of intestine. ENTERODAR'SIS, from tvrtpov, 'intestine/ and Sapotg, ' skinning.' Excoriation of the mu- cous membrane of the intestines. ENTERODOTHIENIA, Dothinenteritis. EXTERODYNIA, Enteralgia. ENTERO-EPIPLOCE'LE, Enterepiploce'le, Her'nia intestina'lis omenta'lis, from tvrtpov, 'in- testine/ tirnrXoov, 'the omentum,' and xnXn, 'tu- mour.' Hernia, formed by intestine and omentum. ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUS, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' tirnrXoov, 'the omentum/ and opipaXog, 'the umbilicus.' Umbilical hernia, containing intestine and omentum. Almost all umbilical hernias are of this kind. EXTEROG'RAPHY, Enterogra'phxa, from tv- rtpov, ' intestine,' and ypatpn, ' description.' The part of anatomy which describes the intestines. EXTER0-HJEM0RRHAGIA,H83matochezia. ENTEROHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis. ENTERO-HYDROCE'LE, from tvrtpov, 'in- testine, 'vSwp, 'water/ and xnXn, 'tumour.' In- testinal hernia complicated with hydrocele. ENTERO-HYDROM'PHALUS, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' 'vSuip, 'water/ and op 'the scrotum,' and xnXn, 'tumour.' Scrotal hernia consisting of in- testine. ENTEROSCIRRHUS, Enteropathia cance- rosa. ENTERO'SES, from tvrtpov, 'an intestine.' A class of diseases, comprehending all those that are seated in the intestines.—Alibert. ENTEROSPHIGMA, Enteroperistole. ENTEROSTENO'SIS, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,* and ortvuiatg, 'stricture.' Stricture or constriction of the intestines. See Ileus. Enterostenosis Volvulus, Heus — e. Orga- 3! ENTEROTOME 331 ENURESIS nica, Enteropathia cancerosa — e. Scirrhosa, En- teropathia cancerosa. ENTEROTOME, Enterot'omus, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' and rtpvta, 'I cut.' A name given by J. Cloquet to an instrument for promptly opening the intestinal canal through its whole extent. It consists of a pair of scissors, one blade of which is much longer than the other, and rounded at its extremity. This is passed into the intestine. ENTEROTOM'IA, Enterot'omy, same etymon. In anatomy, it signifies dissection of the intes- tines. In surgery, it means an operation, little used, which consists in opening the intestines, in order to evacuate the faecal matters accumulated in it; for example, in certain cases of hernia, ac- companied with contraction of the intestinal canal; in operations for an artificial anus, per- formed on the new-born, where the rectum is imperforate or not existing, Ac. ENTEROTOMY, Enterotomia. EXTEROTYPHUS, see Typhus. EXTEROZOA, Worms. EXTERYDROCE'LE, Enterohydrace'le, from tvrtpov, 'intestine/ 'vSurp, 'water/ and ^17X17, 'rup- ture.' Intestinal hernia with hydrocele. ENTHELMINTHES, Worms. ENTHEOMANIA, Demonomania. EXTHLA'SIS, Esphla'sis, from tv, 'in/ and $Xau>, ' I break.' A fracture of the cranium, with comminution, in which the bone is depressed, or has lost its level. Enthlasis Cranii, Effractura Cranii. ENTITE, Entity. EN'TITY, En'titas, (F.) Entite, from ens, entia, 'a being.' The being or essence of anything. It has been used somewhat vaguely, in modern French medicine more especially, to signify ap- parently a general or essential disease, the nature and seat of which cannot be determined.— Nvsten. ENTOCELE, Ectopia. Entoce'le Lentis. Dislocation of the crys- talline into the anterior chamber of the eye. ENTOGONYAN'CON, from t*r0?, 'within,' yovv, 'the knee/ and ayxorv, 'a bend. Bending of the knees inwards. The state of being knock- kneed, or in-kneed. ENTOHYALOID MUSCJE, see Metamor- phopsia. ENTONIA, Tension, Tonic spasm. ENTONIC, Enton'icua, from tv, denoting ex- cess, and rovog, ' tone.' Having great tension or exaggerated action. ENTONNOIR, Calix, Infundibulum — e. du Ventricule Moyen du Cerveau, Infundibulum of the brain. ENTOPARASITES, Worms. ENTOPHTHAL'MIA, from tvrog, 'within/and otpBaXpta, 'inflammation of the eye.' Ophthalmia affecting the interior of the eye. EN'TOPHYTE, Entoph'yton, from tvrog, 'with- in/ and tpvrov, 'a vegetable.' A vegetable pa- rasite. ENTOPHYT'IC, Entophyt'icua, same etymon. Of or belonging to an entophyte, — as 'an ento- phvtic growth.' ENTORSE, Sprain. ENTOSTHETHIDIA, Entrails. ENTOSTHIA, Entrails. ENTOSTOSIS, Enostosis. ENT0TORRHO3A, Otirrhosa. ENTOTOZvENA, Ozena. ENTOXICISMUS, Poisoning. ENTOXISMUS, Poisoning. ENTOZOA, Worms. ENTOZOAIRES, Worms. ENTOZOARIA, Worms. ENTOZOOGENESIS, Helminthiasis. ENTOZOON FOLLICULORUM, Acarus Fol. liculorum. ENTRAILLES, Entrails. EN'TRAILS, Splanchna, Encce'lia, Viscera, Entoethid'ia, Entos'thia, Entoathethid'ia, Intera'- nea, from enteralia, a word of bad Latin, coming from tvrtpov, ' intestine.' It is used for the vis- cera enclosed in the splanchnic cavities, and espe- cially for those in the abdomen; Boxvele, Guts, (F.) Entrailles, Visceres. ENTRE-FESSON, Chafing. ENTRICHO'MA, from tv, 'in/ and rpix«>fia, 'hair.' The tarsal cartilage, and the edge of the eyelids, in which the cilia are implanted. ENTROP'ION, Entrop'ium, from tv, 'in,' and rptirur, ' I turn.' Inver'eio palpebrarum, Capillit"- ium, Trichi'aaia, Introsuscep'tio entropium, Ple- pharelo'sis, Plepharopto'sis entropium, Tri'chia, Tricho'sis. A name given to the inversion or turning inwards of the eyelids, so that the eye- lashes are directed towards the globe of the eye; irritate and inflame it, and give rise to the affec- tion called Trichiasis. The contact of the hair with the surface of the eye occasions considerable irritation of the con- junctiva, which is soon followed by chemosis, ulceration of the eye, and other symptoms, such as fever, watchfulness, Ac. If the disease be entropion, as above defined, that is, dependent upon the inversion of the eye- lids, it must be remedied, — either by dispersing the oedema or swelling of the eyelids, or by cut- ting out a portion of the skin. When the disease is dependent on a vicious direction of the cilia, they must be plucked out and the bulbs be cau- terized. ENTROPIUM, Entropion. ENTYPOSIS, see Glene. ENUCLEA'TION, Enuclea'tio, from enuelrare, (e, and nucleus,) 'to take out a kernel.' This term has been proposed for the operation of re- moving tumours, Ac, without cutting into them. —Percy. _ The word is used in Pharmacy, for the opera- tion of shelling or removing the kernels of any nut. ENULA CAMPANA, Inula Helenium. ENU'LON, from tv, 'in/ and ovXov, 'the gum.' The inner part of the gums. The external part was called ovXor, and that between the teeth appog. —Pollux. rr ENURE'SIS, from tvovptw, (tv, and ovptio,) 'I void the urine in bed.' Paru'rx'a iucorltinens, Incontinentia uri'na, Excre'tio Ux-ina inrolun- ta'ria, Mic'tio involunta'ria, E. inopportu'na, Uracra'tia, Urorrhoe'a, Perirrhce'a, Strangu'ria, (Galen,) Anischu'ria, Hyperure'sis, Diaxn'nes, Involuntax-y discharge of xtrine, Incontinence of urine. This affection is most common in advanced life. It may depend on too great irritability of the bladder, or on distension, or injury of the fibres about its neck, paralysis of the organ, Cysto-paral'yeis, Cysto-ple'gia, the presence of an irregularly shaped calculus impacted in the urethra near its commencement; rupture of the bladder and urethra; renal disease; or on pres- sure exerted on the bladder by the distended womb or by a tumour. It often occurs after dif- ficult labour, but generally yields, in the course of a week or ten days; the catheter being intro- duced twice a day in the mean time. The treatment must of course vary according to the cause; and when the affection, on which it is dependent, cannot be removed, the discharge ; of urine may be prevented by exerting a degree. ENVIE 332 EPICANTHIS of compression on the urethra, by means of ap- propriate instruments; or a urinal may be em- ployed to receive the urine as it passes off. ENVIE, Hangnail, Malacia, Nasvus — e. de Vomir, Nausea. ENYTNION, Somnium. EXYSTRON, Abomasus. ENZOOTIA, Enzooty. EXZOOTY, Enzoot'ia, (F.) Enzobtie, from tv, ' in,' and $orov, ' animal,' An endemic disease at- tacking animals. EP, EPH, EPI, tir, tip, tin, 'upon, above;' in composition, generally means, ' augmentation, addition, increase, reciprocal action, repetition.' TJghcg * EPACMAS'TICOS, from tm, and axpafa, 'I increase.' An epithet applied to fevers, Febres epacmas'tica, whose symptoms go on augmenting in violence, from the commencement to the ter- mination. Such fevers are, also, called Epana- didon'tes. EPAGOGIUM, Phimosis, Prepuce. EPANADIPLOSIS, Anadiplosis. EPANALEPSIS, Anadiplosis. EPANASTASIS, Pustule. The formation of a tumour. The breaking out of an eruption — Erup'tio exanthe'matis. EPANASTEMA, Exanthem, Swelling. EPANCHEMENT, Effusion. EPANESIS, Remission. EPANETUS, Remittent —e. Hectica, Hectic fever — e. Malignus flavus, Fever, yellow — e. Mitis, Remittent fever. EPANORTHOSIS, Restauratio. EPANTIIEMA, Exanthem. EPANTHISMA, Exanthem. EPAPH^E'RESIS, from tiratpatptw, 'I take away.' Repctlta subla'tio vel evocuo'tio. A re- peated abstraction or evacuation. It was formerly used synonymously with repeated bloodletting; Phlebotom'ia itera^ta.—Galen. EPAPHRISMOS, Despumation. EPARMA, Tumour. EPARSIS, Tumour. EPAULE, Humerus. EPENCRANIS, Cerebellum. EPENDYMA, Membrane. Epen'dyma Ventriculo'rum, En'dyma seu Indumen'tum ventriculo'rum, from tin, 'upon/ and tvSvio, 'I enter;' hence, tirtvSvpa, 'an upper gar- ment or cloak.' The lining membrane of the ventricles of the brain, formed by a prolongation of the pia mater, and probably also of the arach- noid. EPER ON, Hippocampus minor — i. dee A< tires, Spur. JEPER VIER, Accipiter. E"PER VIE RE DES MURAILLES, Hiera- cium murorum. EPHEB^E'ON, from em, 'upon/ and 'n0n, ' pubes.' The parts of generation: also, the re- gion of the pubes, as well as the hair upon the pubes. It meant likewise a part of the ancient gymnasium in which the rhetoricians, philoso- phers, Ac, disputed. EPHEBEUM, Mons veneris. EPHE'BIA, Ephebi'a, Pubertas. Same ety- mon. The age of puberty. EPHEBOSYNE, Puberty. EPHEBOTES, Puberty. EPHE'BUS, Pubens, Ruber, (F.) PubZre, Ephebe. One who has attained the age of pu- berty. EPHEDRANA, Nates. EPHEL'CIS, from tin, 'upon/ and 'tkicog, 'an nicer. The crust or scab of an ulcer. EPHELIDE SCORBUTIQUE, Chloasma. EPHE'LIDES, from tm, 'upon/ and 'nXtog, 'the sun.' Epichro'sis, Muc'ula sola'ris, Mac'- ula fusca, M. lenticula'res, Ephe'lis lentic'ula, Vitilig" ines, Phaci, Paxxnus lenticula'rie, Lentic'- ula, Lentigo, Ephelis Lentigo, Ephelis d sole, Nigre'do a sole, Spilo'aia ephelia, JEsta'tea, Effrla, Freckles, Sunburn, (F.) Taches de roussure, Hale. This term includes not only the yellow lentigines, which appear on persons of a fair skin, and the larger brown patches, which also arise from ex- posure to the direct rays of the sun, but also those large dusky patches which are very similar in appearance, but occur on other parts of the surface, that are constantly covered. See Chlo- asma. They do not extend farther than the skin. Many cosmetics have been recommended for their removal. Simple spirituous lotions or weak mineral acids, applied a few times in the day, are as effectual as any other means. EPHELIS, see Ephelides — e. Lentigo, Ephe- lides—e. d Sole, Ephelides. EPHELOTES, Leucoma. EPHEM'ERA, Dia'ria, from tm, 'during,' and 'nptpa, 'a day.' That which continues a day. This epithet is given to diseases, and particularly to fevers, which last only a day.—Febris dia'ria, Ephemerop'yra, Febris sixnplex, F. Ephe'mera, Febric'ulu, Ephem'eral Fever, Diary Fever, Sim- ple Fever. The term prolonged ephem'era is sometimes used for fevers, which cease after two or three days' duration. Ephemera Anglica Pestilens, Sudor angli- cus—e. Britannica, Sudor Anglicus—e. Maligna, Sudor Anglicus—e. Mortifera, Plague—e. Pesti- lentialis, Plague—e. Sudatoria, Sudor Anglicus. EPHEMEROPYTRA, Ephemera. EPHEMERUS. Quotidian. EPHIALTES HYPOCHONDRIACA, Incubus vigilantium—e. Nocturnus, Incubus—e. Vigilan- tium, Incubus vigilantium. EPHIDRO'SES, (G.) Ephidrosen. A divi- sion of the family Ekzematosen of Fuchs, comprising morbid varieties of sweating. EPHIDRO'SIS, from tm, 'upon/ and 'tSpoa, 'I sweat.' Hidro'sis, Idro'sis. A copious sweat. Ephidrosis Profu'sa, E. sponta'nea, E. idio- path'ica, Hydropede'sis, Exsuda'tio, Fxuda'tio, Hyperephidro'sis, Hyperhydro'sis, Hydrorrhea, Hidropede'sis, (F.) Flux de Sueur. An excessive sweating, including debility and emaciation. A colliquative sweat. Such copious perspirations are generally owing to debility of the exhalants, and require the use of tonics, especially of the mineral acids, opium, Ac. Ephidrosis, Desudatio — e. Cruenta, Sudor cruentus—e. Saccharata, Sudor dulcis. EPHIPPIUM, Pituitary fossa, Sella Turcica. EPH'ODOS, from em, 'upon/ and 'oSog, 'a way/ ' a road or avenue to a place.' Hippocrates uses this word in three senses : 1. For the vessels? or canals, which give passage to the excrements of the body. 2. For a periodical attack or acces- sion of fever; and 3. For the approach of similar or dissimilar things which may be useful or hurt- ful to the body.—Castelli. EPI, Spiea. EPI'ALOS, Hepialos. A name given by the ancients to fever, when the hot stage was mingled with irregular chills. Also, the cold stage of fever. EPIALTES, Incubus. EPIAMA, Lenitive. EPIAN, Frambcesia. EPIBLEMA, Catablema. EPIBOLE, Incubus. EPICANTHIS, Canthus. EPICAUMA 333 EPIDIDYMIS Epican'this, from tm, 'upon,' and vm-floc, 'the angle of the eye.' A defective formation, in which a fold of skin passes from the root of the nose over the inner canthus of the eye. EPICAR'PIUM, Pericar'pium, from tm, 'up- on,' and xaptrog, ' the wrist.' An application made to the wrists or to the region of the pulse was so called. EPICAUMA, Encauma. EPICAUSIS, Encauma. EPICERASTICA, Emollients. EPICHOLOS, Bilious. EPICHORDIS, Mesentery. EPICHORION, Decidua. EPICIIORIUM, Epidermis. EPICHRISIS, Inunctio. EPICHRO'SIS, Spilo'sis, from tm, and XP«W 'colour.' Simple discoloration of the surface.— Good. Ephelides. Epichrosis Spili, see Nasvus. EPICHYSIS, Affusion. EPICOE'MASIS, from tmxoipaopai, (tm, and xoipaopat,) 'to lie down to rest,' 'to sleep.' De- cxlbitus ad dormien'dum et Dormil'io. The po- sition of sleeping, as well as sleeping itself. EPICOL'IC, from £7rt, 'upon,' and xurXov, 'the colon.' The epicolic regions, regio'nes cpicoliea, are those parts of the abdomen which correspond to the colon. EPICOLLESIS, Agglutination. FPICO^'DYLF, Epicon'dylus, from tm, 'upon,' and xovSvXog, 'a condyle.' A name given, by Chaussier, to an eminence at the outer part of the inferior extremity of the os humeri; so called, because it is seated above the condyle. The epi- i.apndyle gives attachment to the outer lateral ligament of the elbow joint, and to a very strong tendon to which several of the muscles of the posterior part of the forearm are attached. EPICONDYLO-CUBITALIS, see Anconeus— e. Radial, Supinator radii brevis — e. Sus-meta- carpien, see Radialis — e. Sus-phalangettien com- mun, Extensor digitorum communis—e. Sus-pha- langettien du petit doigt, Extensor proprius minimi digiti. EPICOPHO'SIS, from tm, ' upon/ and xoxporoig, 'deafness.' Deafness supervening on another disease. EPICRA'NIUM, from em, 'upon/ and xpaviov, ' the cranium.' A name given to different parts seated on the cranium. The skin, aponeurosis between the occipital and frontal muscles, and the whole of the scalp, have been so called. Portal includes under this name the occipito-frontalis muscle, pyramidalis nasi, and superior and ante- rior auricular muscles. The pericranium. EPICRANIUS, Occipito-frontalis. EPICRA'SIS, Contempercltio, from tmxtpavvv- pt, (tm, and xtpavwpt, ' I mix/) ' I temper.' A term used by the humourists for an amelioration Of the humours. They called Cure by Epicrasis, —per epicrasin, a mode of treatment by imagined alteratives, which they supposed to be possessed of the power of gradually correcting the vitiated humours. EPICROUSIS, Percussion. EPICTENIUM, Pubes. EPICTETI MORBI, Acquired diseases. EPICYEMA, see Superfostation. EPICYESIS, Superfostation. EPICYLIUM, see Palpebra. EPICYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. EPIDEISIS, Deligation. EPIDEM'IC, Epide'mius, Epidem'icus, ( F.) Epidemiqxie. Same etymon as Epidemy. Ap- pertaining to an epidemy. An epidemy. Epidemic Constitution, Epidemy—e. Disease, Epidemy—e. Influence, see Epidemy. EPIDEMICITE, see Epidemy. EPIDEMICUS, Epidemy. EPIDEMIOLOG"IA, from m, 'upon/ Snpog, 'the people,' and Xoyog, 'a description.' The doctrine of epidemics. EP1DEMIQUE, Epidemy. EPIDEMIUS, Epidemy. EP'IDEMY, Epidem'ic, Epide'mia, Morbus pub'licus, M. popula'x-is, E. epidem'icus seu epi- de'mius, (F.) Epidemie ; Epidem'ic disease, Epi- dem'ic influence, Epidem'ic constitution; from tm, ' upon/ and Snpog, 'the people.' A disease which attacks at the same time a number of individuals, and which is depending upon some particular constitutio aeris, or conditio! of the atmosphere, with which we are utterly ignorant. It differs from endemic, the latter being owing to locality; but it is obvious, that should a particular epide- mic constitution of the air—epidemic"ity, (F.) epi- demicite—exist along with a favouring endemic condition, these combined influences may act in the causation of several of those serious and fatal complaints, which at times visit a district, and are never afterwards met with, or at least not until after the lapse of a considerable period. EPIDENDRUM VANILLA, see Vanilla. EPID'ERIS, Epider'rhis, Hypod'eris, Hypo- der'mis, Hypoder'rhis, from tm, ' upon/ and Stpag, 'the skin.' This word, with some, means the nymph as; with others, the clitoris; with others, again, the prepuce of the clitoris. EPIDERMA, Epidermis. EPIDERMATIS, Epidermis. EPIDER'MIC, Epidex-m'icus, Epiderm'al, Epi- derma'lis; same etymon as epidermis. Belonging to the epidermis,—as EPIDERMIC CELLS, see Cell, epidermic. EPIDERMIDON'OSI, Epidermidonu'd, from tmStppig, ' epidermis/ and vooog, ' disease.' Dis- eases of the epidermis. EPIDERMION, Epidermis. EPIDER'MIS, Epider'mion, Epider'matrs, Epider'ma, Epicho'rium, Sum'mitos cutis, Cutie'- ula, C. ex'tima, G. extre'xna, Cutis extima, C. surnma, C. ultima, Pellis summa, Pellic'ula sum- ma, P. supe'rior, Lam'ina prima cutis, Opercu- lum cutis, from tm, 'upon,' and Stppa, 'the true skin.' Scarf-skin, cuticle. (F.) Surpeau, Cuticule. A transparent, dry, thin membrane, devoid of nerves and vessels, which covers all the surface of the body, except the parts that correspond to the nails. It appears to consist of minute scales, placed one above the other. Chaussier considers it to be formed and reproduced by an excretory action of the true skin ; to act like a dry varnish, which prevents the immediate contact of bodies with the nervous papillae, and consequently to deaden tactile impressions, which, without its in- tervention, might be painful. The Epider'mic, Epider'meous, or Epidex-'moid (as Bichat called it) System, in general anatomy, comprises three parts. 1. External Epidermis. 2. Epidermis spread over the mucous membranes. 3. The Nails and Hair. Epidermis Linguae, see Tongue. EPIDERRHIS, Epideris. EPIDERRHITIS, Nymphitis. EPIDESIS, see Bandage—e. Haemostasia, Li- gature. EPIDESMIS, Epidesmus. EPIDESMUM, Epidesmus. EPIDES'MUS, Epides'mis, Epides'mum,Super- liga'mexi, from tm, 'upon/ and Star, 'I bind.' A Fascia, bandage or ligature, by which dressings are secured.—Hippocrates. EPIDID'YMIS, from tm, 'upon,' and StSvpot, ' a testicle.' Epidid'ymus, Did'ymis, Paras'taut. 134 EPILEPSY EPIDIDYMITIS 3 Testic'ulus acceso'rius, Caput testis, Corpus vari- to'sum sou varicifor'xne testis, Supergemina'lis, (F.) Corpus variqueux ou variciforme. That which is placed upon the testicle. A small, oblong, ver- miform, grayish body, lying along the superior margin of the testicle. The Epididymis is a canal, formed by the union of all the seminiferous vessels folded several times upon themselves, after having traversed the Corpus Highmoria'- rrum. Its lower portion or tail, Cauda vel globus minor, is curved upwards, and is continuous with the vas deferens ; the opposite extremity is called the head, globus major. The length of this canal, folded as it is upon itself and describing numerous curvatures, is, according to Munro, 32 feet. EPIDIDYMITIS, Parastatitis — e. Blennor- rhagic, Hernia humoralis. EPID'OSIS, from em, 'upon,' and StSorpi, 'to give.' Augmentation, increase. A word applied to the natural increase of the body, or to the in- crease of a disease. EPID'ROME, Epidrom'ia, Epiph'ora, from tmSptpur, (tm, and Sptpur,) 'I run upon.' An afflux or congestion of humours.—Galen. EPIDROMIA, Epidrome. EPIFAGUS AMERICANUS, OrobancheVir- giniana—e. Virginianus, Orobanche Virginiana. EPIGiE'A REPENS, Trailing Ar'butus, Ground Laurel, Mayflower. A small, trailing plant, of the Family Ericaceae, which grows in sandy woods, or in rocky soil, especially in the shade of pines. Its flowers appear early in spring, and exhale a rich, spicy fragrance. The leaves and Stems are prepared and used like uva ursi. EPIGASTRAL'GIA, from tmyaerpiov, 'the epigastrium,' and aXyog, ' pain.' Pain at the epigastrium. EPIGAS'TRIC, Epigas'tricus, Epigas'trius, from tm, ' upon/ and yaarnp, ' the stomach.' This name has been given to several parts. Epigastric Ar'tery, Arte'x-ia epigas'trica, A. eus-pubienne, (Ch.) It arises from the external iliac, on a level with the crural arch; sometimes by a trunk proper to it, at others by one com- mon to it and the Obturator artery. It ascends upwards and inwards, behind the spermatic cord, follows the outer edge of the rectus abdominis muscle, and anastomoses, towards the umbilicns, with the internal mammary. The epigastric ar- tery anastomoses, also, with the obturator, sper- matic, lumbar, and intercostal vessels. Epigastric Region, Regio epigas'trica, R. car- di'aca, R. stomach'ica, R. stomacha'lia, is the su- perior region of the abdomen, comprised between the false ribs on each side, and extending from the lower surface of the diaphragm to two fingers' breadth above the umbilicus. It is divided into three parts, one middle, the epigas'trium, — and two lateral, the hypochon'drxa. Epigastric Vein follows nearly the same course as the artery. EPIGASTRICUS, Epigastric. EPIGAS'TRIUM. Same etymon. The belly; the epigastric region. EPIGASTRIUS, Epigastric. EPIGASTROCE'LE, from tm, 'upon/ yaarnp, 'the stomach/ and xnXn, 'a tumour.' Hernia, formed by the stomach; Gas'troce'le. This name has been given more especially to hernia, which occurs towards the upper part of the linea alba or in the epigastric region, whether formed or not by the stomach. EPIGENEMA, Epigenesis. EPIGEN'ESIS, from*™, 'upon/and ytvtmg, 'generation.' A theory of conception, according to which the new being is created entirely anew; aud receives at once from each parent the ma- terials necessary for its formation. Also, a new formation. Epigenksis, as well as Epigene'mo, or Epigen- ne'ma, is, also, applied to any symptom occurring during a disease, without changing its nature. An accessory symptom. Epiginom'enos, Super- ve'niena, has a similar acceptation. EPIGINOMENOS, see Epigenesis. EPIGLOT'TIC, Epiglolticua: same etymon. Relating to the epiglottis. Epiglottic Gland, Periglot'tia, Caro glandu- lo'sa. A collection of small, glandular granula, situate in the adipose, areolar texture at the base of the anterior surface of the epiglottis, in a triangular space, bounded anteriorly by the thy- rohyoid membrane and thyroid cartilage. It pours out an unctuous and mucous fluid, which lubricates the epiglottis, keeps it supple and movable, and prevents the larynx from being irritated by the constant passage of the air, in the act of respiration. EPIGLOT'TIS, from tm, 'upon/ and yXtamg, ' the glottis.' Epiglol tic cartilage, Lig'ula, Oper- culum laryn'gis, Lingua Ex'igua, Lixi'gula fis'tu- la, Sublin'guum, Superlig'ula. A fibro-cartilage, situate at the upper part of the larynx, behind the base of the tongue. Its form is oval; texture elastic; thickness greater below than above, and greater in the middle than at the sides. By its smaller extremity, which is the lower, it is at- tached to the thyroid cartilage; its two surfaces are covered by the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx. The special use of the epiglottis would seem to be to cover the glottis accurately at the moment of deglutition, and, thus, to assist in opposing the passage of alimeftp tary substances into the air tubes. EPIGLOTTITIS, Inflpmma'tio Epiglof'tidis, (F.) Inflammation de I'Epiglotte, Angi'na epi- glottide'a. Inflammation of the epiglottis. EPIGLOT'TUM. An instrument, mentioned by Paracelsus, for raising the eyelids. It resem- bled the epiglottis in shape. EPIGLOU'TIS, from £*«,.,„'upon/ and yXovrog, 'the buttocks.' Tbe superior^ region of the nates. —Gorrasus. EPIGONATIS, Patella. EPIG'ONE, Gone, Hypoph'ysis, Progen'ies, Proles, Sob'oles, Sub'oles, from tm, 'upon/ and yovn, 'sperm.' Offspring. Progeny. Also, Su- perfostation. EPIGONION, Foetus. EPIGONIS, Patella. EPIGONON, Superfostation. EPIGOUNIS, Patella. EPIGUNIS, Patella. EPILATORIUM, Depilatory. EPILEMPSIS, Epilepsy. EPILENTIA, Epilepsy. EPILEPSIA, Epilepsy — e. Acuta Infantum Eclampsia — e. Algetica, see Algos — e. Febrili? infantum, Eclampsia—e. Nocturna, Incubus—e. Puerilis, Eclampsia infantum—e. Saltatoria, Cho- rea— e. Uterina, Lorind matricis. EPILEPSIE, Epilepsy—e. Uterine, Hysteria —e. Vertige, see Epilepsia. EP'ILEPSY*, 'tepn vovaog, atXnvata voveog, Epi- lep'sia, Epilep'sis, Epilemp'sis, Epilen'tia, Sys- pa'sia Epilepsia, Catalen'tia, Deciden'tia, Pas'sio cadi'va, Morbus comil'ialis, M. cadu'cus, M. Hercu'leus, Heracle'us morbus, M. sacer, M. as- tra'lis, M. sidera'tus, M. damoni'acus, M. Sancti Johan'nis, M. fcedus, Hieran'osus, M. pueri'lis, Deprehen'sio, Clonos epilep'sia, Hieran'osos, Pre- hen'aio, Perdil'io, Epilep'tico paa'aio, Morbus magnus, 31. Major, M. Interlu'nius, M. divi'nus, M. damo'nius, M. son'ticus, M. eeleni'acue, Mm EPILEPTIC 335 EPIPHORA + lunat'icus, M. menea'lis, M. deif'icxis, 31. sceles'- tus, M. vitriola'tus, 31. viridel'lxis, M. Sancti Va- lenti'ni, 3Ialum cadu'cum, Analep'sia, Catapto'sis, Insa'nia cadi'va, Apoplex'iaparva, Cadu'ca pas'- eio, Lues divi'na, Vil'ium cadu'cum seu divi'num seu Hereu'leum, Falling sickness, (F.) 3Ial caduc, 3Ial divixi, Mal Saint-Jean, 31al de Terre, Haut- mal. The word is derived from trnXap^avor, ' I seize upon.' It is a disease of the brain, which may either be idiopathic or symptomatic, sponta- neous or accidental, and which occurs in parox- ysms, with uncertain intervals between. These paroxysms are characterized by loss of sensation and convulsive motions of the muscles. Fre- quently, the fit attacks suddenly; at other times, it is preceded by indisposition, vertigo, and stu- por. At times, before the loss of consciousness occurs, a sensation of a cold vapour is felt, hence called aura epilep'tiea. This appears to rise in some part of the body, proceeds towards the head; and as soon as it has reached the brain the patient falls down. The ordinary duration of a fit is from 5 to 20 minutes. Sometimes it goes off in a few seconds; at others, it is pro- tracted for hours. In all cases, there is a loss of sensation, sudden falling down, distortion of the eyes and face; countenance of a red, purple or violet colour; grinding of the teeth; foaming at the mouth; convulsions of the limbs; difficult respiration, generally stertorous; with, some- times, involuntary discharge of fasces and urine. After the fit, the patient retains not the least re- collection of what has passed, but remains, for some time, affected with head-ach, stupor, and lassitude. The disease is in the brain, and is generally rganic; but it may be functional and sympto- matic, of irritation in other parts, as in the sto- mach, bowels, Ac. The prognosis, as to ultimate recovery, is unfavourable. It does not, however, frequently destroy life, but is apt to lead to men- tal imbecility. Dissection has not thrown light on its pathology. To the attacks of epilepsy which are unaccom- panied by convulsions, as is sometimes the case, the French give the name Petit-mal, and Epi- lepsia Vertige. When furious mania succeeds to a paroxysm, it is termed Mania epileptica and Epileptic Delirium. In the treatment, the cause must be sought after, and if possible removed. In the paroxysm, but little can be done; but as the tongue is liable to be injured by the teeth, the jaws may be kept open by putting a cork or piece of wood between them. If the fit has been brought on by indi- gestible food, the stomach must be cleared. It is between the paroxysms that the great effort must be made. Generally, there is considerable irritability and debility of the nervous system, and hence tonics have been found the best reme- dies. Of these, perhaps the most powerful, in epilepsy, is the argenti nitras, given regularly and continued for months, if necessary. Prepa- rations of iron, copper, and zinc, have also been used, and vegetable tonics and antispasmodics in general. Counter irritants, as blisters, moxa, Ac, may be employed, if necessary, along with this course. Unfortunately, in many cases, these means are found insufficient, and all that can be done is to palliate, removing carefully the exciting causes; such as the use of spirituous liquors, strong emo- tions, violent exercise, Ac.; and regulating the diet. EPILEP'TIC, Epilep'ticus, Epilep'tus, Lunat'- icus, Cadu'cans; same etymon. One attacked with epilopsy. Any thing relating to epilepsy; as an epilep'tic individual; an epilep'tic symp- tom. Some authors also speak of epileptic reme- dies. EPILEP'TOID, Epileptoi'des ; same etymon. Resembling epilepsy—as ' epileptoid symptoms.' EPILO'BIUM AUGUSTIFO'LIUM, Great Willow herb. An indigenous plant, Order, Ona- graceas, which flowers in July. The root is emol- lient and slightly astringent. Epilobium Colora'tum, Purple-veined Willow herb, has similar properties. Epilobium Villo'sum, a South African plant, is used at the Cape of Good Hope as a domestio remedy for cleansing foul ulcers. EPIM'ANES. A name given to a maniao when in a paroxysm. EPIMELE'TAI, from tmpiXtopat, (tm, and ptXur,) 'I take care of.' A name by which the ancient Persians called the curers of wounds, who followed their armies. EPIMOR'IOS, 'unequal;' from tm, and pttpia, ' I divide.' An epithet applied to the pulse when unequal.—Galen. EPINARD, Spinacia — e. Sauvage, Chenopo- dium bonus Henricus. EPINE, Spine — e. du Doe, Vertebral column —e. Gutturale, Nasal spine, inferior and posterior — e. Sphenoidale, Sphenoidal spine — e. Vinette, Oxycantha Galeni. EPINEMESIS, Dispensation. EPINEPH'ELOS, Nubilo'sus. Presenting a cloud. Applied to the urine.—Hippocrates. EPINE UX, Spinous — £. du Dos, grand, Spi- nalis dorsi major: see Interspinals dorsi et lum- borum — e. du Dos, petit, see Interspinals dorsi et lumborum. EPINGLE, Pin. EPINIERE, Spinal. EPINOTION, Scapula. EPINYCTIDES, from tm, 'upon.' and w?, 'the night.' Eruptions which appear on the skin in the night, and disappear in the day. Pus'tula livens et noc'tibus xnqxiie'tans.—Pliny. EPINYCTIS PRURIGINOSA, Urticaria. EPIONE, Decidua. EPIPAROXYrS'MUS. A paroxysm super- added to an ordinary paroxysm. EPIPASTUM, Catapasmum. EPIPE'CHU, tmirnxv, from tm, 'upon/ and mixvg, ' the elbow.' The upper part of the elbow. —Gorrasus. EPIPEPHYCOS, Conjunctiva. EPHMUENOM'ENON, Post appa'rens ; same etymon. Any kind of adventitious symptom which occurs during the progress of an affection : and which is not as intimately connected with the existence of the disease as the symptoms properly so called. EPIPHA'NIA, from tm, 'upon/ and tpatvar, 'I exhibit.' The external appearance of the body. —Castelli. EPIPH'LEBUS, from tm, 'upon/ and ipXt$, 'a vein.' An epithet given to those whose veins are very apparent,—Hippoc, Aretasus. EPIPHLEGIA, Inflammation. EPIPHLOGISMA, Erysipelatous inflamma- tion. EPIPHLOGOSIS, Hyperphlogosis. EPIPH'ORA, Dacryno'ma, Lachryma'tio, De- lachryma'tio, Illachryma'tio, Stillicid mm luehry- ma'rurn, Oc'ulus lach'rymans ; from t-tqrtpur, (tm, and iptpor,) 'I carry to.' Weeping. (F.) Larmoie- ment. The watery eye; — an involuntary and constant flow of tears upon the cheek. It is al- most always symptomatic of some disease of the lachrymal passages, and occurs when the tears cannot pass into the ductus ad nasum. Occa- EPIPHYMATA 336 EPIPLOSCHEOCELE sionally, it is owing to the tears being secreted in too great quantity; as in certain cases of oph- thalmia. The treatment must of course be di- rected to the removal of the cause. Epiphora, Epidrome, Ophthalmia—e. Alvi, Diarrhoea — e. Ptyalismus, Salivation. EPIPHYMATA, Cutaneous diseases. EPIPH'YSIS, Additamen'tum, from tm, 'upon/ and 0uoi, ' I arise.' Any portion of a bone, sepa- rated from the body of the bone by a cartilage, which becomes converted into bone by age. The epiphysis of the foetus becomes the apophysis of the adult. Epiphysis Cruris Longioris Incudis, Os or- biculare. EP'IPHYTE, Epiph'yton, from tm, 'upon,' and tpvrov, • a plant.' A parasite derived from the vegetable kingdom. Epiphytes are divided by Vogel into 1. Vegetations in the human fluids, as the tor'ula cerevis'ia in vomited fluids and faecal evacuations, and the sar'cina ventric'uli, 2. Vegetations on the external skin and its ap- pendages, as in tinea favosa, mentagra, herpes tonsurans and plica polonica, and, 3. Vegetations on the mucous membrane,—for example, in the aphthae of children; in the cicatrices of the mu- cous membrane after typhus, Ac. EPIPLASMA, Cataplasm. Galen uses it es- pecially for an application of wheaten flour, boiled in hydrelmum, and applied to wounds. EPIPLE'GIA, from em, 'above/ and xrXnyn, 1 a stroke. Paralysis of the upper extremities. EPIPLERO'SIS, from tm, 'augmentative/ and irXripiocng, 'repletion.' Excessive repletion; distention. EPIP'LOCE, from tm, 'upon/ and trXtxoi, 'I twine.' Coition. Entanglement. Epip'loce Intestina'lis, Conglomera'tio in- testino'rum. Conglomeration of the intestines. EPIPLOCE'LE, from tmirXoov, 'omentum/ and xnXn, 'tumour.' Epip'loic her'nia, Zirba'lis her- nia, Hernia omenta'lis, Omental hernia, (F.)Her- nie de I'epiploon. Omental hernia is recognised —but at times with difficulty—by a soft, unequal, pasty tumour, in which no gurgling sound is heard on pressing or reducing it. It is less dan- gerous than hernia of the intestines. EPIPLO-ENTEROCE'LE, from tmirXoov, 'the omentum,' tvrtpov, 'intestine,' and xnXn, 'tumour.' Hernia, formed by the epiploon and a portion of intestine. It is more commonly called En'tero- epiploce'le. EPIPLOENTEROOSCHEOCE'LE, Epiplo- enteroschoce'le, from tm-Xoov, ' omentum/ tvrtpov, 'intestine/ oaxtov, 'scrotum/ and xnXn, 'rupture.' Hernia with omentum and intestine in the scro- tum. EPIP'LOIC, Epiplo'icus. Relating to the epiploon. Epiploic Appen'dages; Appendic'ulm epi- plo'ica, A. pinguedino'sa, Fim'bria carno'sa coli, Suprplemen'ta epiplo'ica. Prolongations of the peritoneum beyond the surface of the large intestine, which are analogous in texture and arrangement to the epiploon. Epiploic Ar'teries; Arte'ria Epiplo'ica. The arterial branches, which are distributed to the epiploon, and which are given off by the gas- tro-epiploicas. EPIPLO-ISCHIOCE'LE, from tmirXoov, 'the epiploon,' inxtov, ' the ischium/ and xnXn, ' a tu- mour.' Hernia formed by the epiploon through ihe ischiatic notch. EPIPLOI'TIS, from tmirXoov, 'the omentum,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation tf the omentum; Omentitis, Empresrna perito- nitis omenta'lis, Omenti inflantma'tio, Enteri'tit epiploitis, Ornente'sis. A form of partial perito- nitis. EPIPLOMEROCE'LE, from tmnXoov, 'the omentum,' pnpos, 'the thigh,' and xr/Xn, 'a tu- mour.' Femoral hernia, formed by the epiploon. EPIPLOMPHALOCELE, Epiplompbalon. EPIPLOM'PHALON, Epiploom'phalon, Epi- plomphaloce'le, Hernia umbilica'lis, from tmirXoov, ' the omentum,' and opipaXog, ' the navel.' Umbi- lical hernia, formed by the epiploon. EPIPLOM'PHRASIS, from tmirXoov, 'the epi- ploon/ and tpippaooo), ' I obstruct.' Induration of the epiploon. EPIPLOOCOMIS'TES, from tmirXoov, 'the epi- ploon,' and xopifa, 'I carry.' One who has the omentum morbidly large. Also, one labouring under epiplocele. EPIP'LOON, Epiploum, from tm, 'above,' and irXtor, ' I swim or float.' Omen'turn, Pete, Retie'- ulum; Dertron; Zirbus, Gan'game, Gungarnum, Operimen'tum intestino'rum, Saccus epiploicut, Sage'na. The Caul. A prolongation of the pe- ritoneum, which floats above a portion of the in- testines, and is formed of two membranous layers, with vessels and fatty bands distributed through it. Anatomists have described several epiploons. The uses of the omentum are but little known. The chief one seems to be, to retain the viscera in situ, and to give passage to vessels. Epiploon, Colic, Colic Omentum, 0. co'lieum, Third Epiploon or Omentum, is a duplicature of the peritoneum, situate along the ascending por- tion of the colon, as far as its junction with the transverse portion. It is behind the great epuLg ploon, and fills up the angle formed by the junqJP' tion of the ascending with the transverse colo<| Its two laminae are separated by colic aAries and veins. Epiploon, Gastro-Colic, Great Omentum, Omentum gastro-co'licum, Omentum majus, Peri- tona'um duplica'tum, Pete majus, Zirbus adipi'- nus, consists of an extensive duplicature, which is free and floating on the folds of the intestines. It is quadrilateral, and longer on the left side than on the right:—its base being fixed, ante- riorly, to the great curvature of the stomach; and, posteriorly, to the arch of the colon. It is formed of two laminae, each consisting of two others. In this epiploon a number of vessels is distributed, and there is much fat. Epiploon, Gastro-Hepatic, Lesser Omentum, Omentum hep'ato-gas'tricum, Omentum minus, 3Iembra'na macilen'tior, is a duplicature of the peritoneum, which extends transversely from the right side of the cardia to the corresponding ex- tremity of the fissure of the liver, and down- wards from this fissure to the lesser curvature of the stomach, the pylorus and duodenum. Be- low it is the foramen or hiatus of Winslow ; and between its laminas are lodged the biliary and hepatic vessels. It contains but little fat. If air be blown in at the foramen of Winslow, the cavity of the 'omentum will be rendered percep- tible. Epiploon, Gastro-Splenic, Gastro-Splenic Omentum, 0. Gastro-sple'nicum. A reflection of the peritoneum, which passes between the con- cave surface of the spleen and the stomach, from the cardiac orifice to near its great curvature, and which lodges the vasa brevia and splenic vessels between its laminae. EPIPLOSARCOM'PHALUS, from tTrtirXoov, 'the epiploon,' capf, 'flesh/ and opipaXog, 'the navel.' Umbilical hernia, formed of indurated omentum. EPIPLOSCHEOCE'LE, Epiploechoce'le, from EPIPLOUM txrnXoov, 'the epiploon,' oox^ov, 'the scrotum,' and xnXn, 'tumour.' Scrotal hernia, formed by a displacement of the epiploon. EPIPLOUM, Epiploon. EPIPNOIA, Afflatus. EPIPORO'MA, from tmirarpoii), (em, and mopoor,) 'I harden.' A tophaceous concretion which forms in the joints. ^The callus of fracture. EPIR'RHOE, Epirrhce'a, from tm, 'upon,' and pfuj, ' I flow.' Afflux or congestion of humours. —Hippocrates. EPIRRH03A, Epirrhoe. EPISARCIDIUM, Anasarca. EPIS'CHESIS, Retention; from tmex™, 'I restrain.' A suppression of excretions. EPISCHET'ICUS; same etymon. Sistens, Rep'rimens, Co'hibens. 'Restraining.' An agent that diminishes—secretion, for example. EPISCHION, Abdomen, Pubes, Pubis os. EPISCOPALES VALVULE, Mitral valves. EPISEIOXT, Pubis (os), Vulva, Labium Pu- dendi, Tressoria. EPISEMA'SIA, from tmonpaivu, (tm, and anpa, 'a sign,) 'I afford some sign.' Sema'sia. It bas been used synonymously with sign, and also with the invasion of an attack of fever. See Annotatio. EPISIOCELE, see Hernia, vulvar. EPISICEDE'MA, from tmattov, 'the labia pu- dendi/ and oiSnpa,' oedema.' CEdema of the labia pudendi. EPISIOX", Episeion. EPISIOXT'CUS, Episiophy'ma, from tmo-ttov, (modern,) 'the labium pudendi/ and oyxog, 'a tumour.' Tumor labio'rum. A swelling or tu- mour of the labia pudendi. EPISIOPHY'MA, Episioncus. EPISIORRHAG"IA, from tmattov, 'the labia pudendi,' and payn, 'rupture.' Hemorrhage from the labia pudendi. EPISIOR'RHAPHY, Episiorrhaph'ia, from tmattov, (modern,) 'the labium pudendi/ 'the vulva,' and paipn, ' suture.' An operation prac- tised in cases of prolapsus uteri, which consists in paring the opposing surfaces of the labia pu- dendi, bringing them together and uniting them by suture, so as to diminish the outlet of the vulva. EPISOI'TIS, from tmauov, 'the labia pudendi/ and itis, denoting 'inflammation.' Inflammation of the labia pudendi. EPISPA'DIA ; Hyperspa'dia ; same etymon as the next. The condition of an Epispadias. EPISPA'DIAS, Epispadia'us, Anaspa'dias, Anaspadia'us, Hyperspa'dias, Hyperspadia'xts, from £iri, ' above,' and oirata, ' I draw.' The op- posite to Hypospadias. One who has a preter- natural opening of the urethra at the upper part of the penis. EPISPAS'TICS, Epi spas'tica, Ves'icants, Helc'tica, (F.) Epispastiques; same etymon. An epithet for every medicinal substance which, when applied to the skin, excites pain, heat, and more or less redness, followed by separation of the epidermis, which is raised up by effused serum. Cantharides and mustard are epispastics. See Blister and Derivative. EPISPASTICUM, Blister. EPISPASTIQUES, Epispastics. EPISPASTUM, Catapasma. EPISPHjE'RIA, from tm, 'upon/ and atpatpa, 'a sphere' Some physiologists have applied this term to the different convolutions and sinuosities presented by the external surface of the brain. EPISPHAGISMOS, Signature. EPISTACTIS'CHESIS, from tmora^tg, 'epis- taxis,' and toxuv' *t0 restrain.' Arrest of bleed- ing from the nose. 22 r EPISYNTHETIC EPISTAPHYLINI, see Azygos Muscle. EPIS'TASIS, Insiden'tia, from tm, 'upon,' and trraor, ' I rest.' A substance which swims at the surface of urine. It is opposed to the hypos- tasis or sediment. Epistasis has also been em- ployed synonymously with suppression. EPISTAX'IS, from tm, 'upon,' and ora£o>, 'I flow drop by drop.' Hamorrhag"ia activa na'- rium, H. narin'ea, H. na'x-ium, Epistax'is junio'- rum, Epistax'is arterio'sa, Hamorrhin'ia, Ha- morhinorx-hag"ia, Hamatis'mus, Choanox-rhag"ia, Rhinorrhag"ia, Stillicid'ium seu Stilla'tio Sang'- uinis e nar'ibus, Hemorrhage from the pituitary membrane, Bleeding at the nose, Nosebleed, (F.) Hemorrhagic nasale, Saignement du nez, Hemor. rhinie. This is one of the most common varie- ties of hemorrhage; the organization of the Schneiderian membrane being favourable to it, as the blood-vessels are but slightly supported. It does not generally flow from both nostrils, and is very apt to recur. Puberty is the period at which it is most common. Its exciting causes are: — any thing that will induce local conges- tions, as running, coughing, blowing the nose, Ac, provided there be a predisposition to it. A common case of epistaxis requires but little treat- ment, especially if in a young person. Light diet and a dose or two of the sulphate of magne- sia will be sufficient. In more severe attacks, cold and astringent washes of alum, sulphate of zinc, weak sulphuric acid, or creosote, may be used, and the nostrils be plugged anteriorly ; but if the bleeding goes on posteriorly, the posterior nares must be plugged likewise,—the patient being kept with the head raised. The flow of blood has been arrested by directing the patient to stand up with his head elevated, compressing the nostril whence the blood flows with the finger, raising the corresponding arm perpendicularly, and holding it in this position for about two mi- nutes. A less vigorous circulation through the carotids appears to result from the increased force required to carry on the circulation through the upper extremities when raised. — N6grier. To prevent the recurrence, strict diet must bo in- culcated. EPISTER'NAL, Episterna'lis, from tm, 'upon,' and ortpvov, ' the sternum.' An epithet applied to two bones which form part of the sternum, and are situate upon its superior and lateral part. In the young subject, they are attached to the ster- num by a synovial membrane, and a fibrous cap- sule. They have somewhat the appearance of the pisiform bones, but are of a greater size. According to Professor Owen, the piece of a segment of an articulate animal, which is imme- diately above the middle inferior piece or sternum. EPISTHOT'ONOS, from tmoOtv, 'forwards,' and Tttvio, ' I extend.' A spasm of the muscles, drawing the body forwards. The word empros- thotonos is more commonly employed. EPISTROPHE, Relapse. EPISTROPHEUS, Axis. EPISTROPHUS^Axis. EPISYXAX'CHE, (tm, and synanche or cynan- che,) Episynangi'na. A Greek word, used by a modern writer for spasm of the pharynx, by which deglutition is prevented, and the solid and liquid food driven back towards the mouth or nasal fossae. EPISYNTHET'IC, Episynthet'icus, from tm. rrvvnSnpt, (tm, aw, and nQripi,) 'to collect, accu- mulate.' The name of a medical sect, whose ob.. ject it was to reconcile the principles of the Me- thodists with those of the Empirics and Dogma tists. Leonides of Alexandria seems to have been one of the first partisans of this sect; of which we know little. 83 EPITASIS EPIT'ASIS, from cm, and rttvtiv, 'to extend.' The period of violence of a fever, (Febris xnten'- sio,) attack or paroxysm; sometimes it is used in the same sense as epistasis, for 'suppression.' EPITELIUM, Epithelium. EPITHE'LIAL, Epithelia'lis; same etymon as epithelium. Appertaining or relating to the epithelium,—as 'epithelial cells, or scales.' EPITHE'LIUM, Epite'lium, Epithe'lis, Ende- piderxn'is, from tm, ' upon/ and &nXn, ' a nipple.' The thin layer of epidermis, which covers parts deprived of derma, properly so called, — as the nipple, mucous membranes, lips, Ac. Modern histological researches have shown that it ex- ists, in different forms, pavement, cylinder and vibrotile or ciliated epithelium. Tesselated epi- thelium covers the serous and synovial mem- branes, the lining of blood-vessels, and the mu- cous membranes, except where cylinder epithe- lium exists. It is spread over the mouth, pha- rynx and oesophagus, conjunctiva, vagina, and entrance of the female urethra. Cylinder epithe- lium is found in the intestinal canal, beyond the cardiac orifice of the stomach; in the larger ducts of the salivary glands; in the ductus com- munis choledochus, prostate, Cowper's glands, vesiculae seminales, vas deferens, tubuli uriniferi, and urethra of the male; and lines the urinary passages of the female, from the orifice of the urethra to the beginning of the tubuli uriniferi of the kidneys. In all these situations, it is con- tinuous with tesselated epithelium, which lines the more delicate ducts of the various glands. For the uses of the ciliated epithelium, see Cilia. EP'ITHEM, Epith'ema or Epithe'ma, from tm, 'upon,' and nSnpt, 'I put.' This term is applied to every topical application which cannot be classed either under ointments or plasters. Three sorts of epithems have been usually dis- tinguished,— the liquid, dry, and soft, which comprise fomentations, bags filled with dry sub- stances, and cataplasms. EPITH'ESIS. Same etymon. The rectifica- tion of crooked limbs by means of instruments. EPITHYMT^E, from tm, 'upon,' and Ovpog, ' desire.' Morbid desires or longings. EPITHYMIAMA, Fumigation. EPITHYMUM, Cuscuta epithymum — e.Offi- cinarum. Cuscuta Europasa. EPITROCH'LEA, from tm, 'upon,' and, rpoxaXia, ' a pulley.' Tbat which is situate above a pulley. Chaussier gives this name to the un- equal, round protuberance situate on the inside uf the inferior extremity of the humerus above its urticular trochlea. It is the part usually called the inner or lesser condyle of the humerus. From it originate several muscles el the forearm, to which it has given part of their names, according to the system of Chaussier. EPITROCHLO- CARPI- PALM AIRE, Pal- maris longus—e. Cubito-carpien, see Cubital mus- cles—e. Metaca.rpien, Palmaris magnus—e. Pha- langinien commun, Flexor sublimis perforatus— i. Radial, Pronator radii teres. EPIZO'A, (F.) Epizodirea, Ectoparasites, from iirt, 'upon/ and £wov, 'an animal.' Parasitic ani- mals, which infest the surface of the body, or the common integument. EPIZOO'TIA, Epizooty. Same etymon. A disease which reigns amongst animals. It corre- sponds, in the veterinary art, to epidemy in me- dicine. EPIZOOT'IC, Epizoot'icxis, same etymon. Re- lating or appertaining to an epizooty, — as an • epizootic aphtha.' EP'OCHE, from riri, and t^u, 'to have or to bold.' Doubt, suspension of judgment— Suspen'sa IS EQUITATION senten'tia. Sometimes employed in the same sense as epiechesie or suppression. EPOCHETEUSIS, Derivation. EPODE, Incantation. EPO'MIS, Superhumera'le, from tm, 'upon,' and oxpog, 'the shoulder.' The acromion. The upper part of the shoulder.—Hippocrates, Galen EPOMPHALICUM, Epomphalium. EPOMPHALION, Uterus. EPOMPHA'LIUM, Epomphal'icum, from tm, 'upon/ and opipaXog, 'the navel.' A medicine, which, when placed upon the umbilicus, moves the belly.—Paulus of Mgvna. EPONGE, Spongia—e. d'Eglantier, Bedegar. EPOQUES, Menses. EPOSTOMA, Exostosis. EPOSTOSIS, Exostosis. EPREINTES, Tenesmus. EPSEMA, Decoction. EPSESIS, Decoction, Elixatio. EPSOM, MINERAL WATERS OF. Epsom is a town in Surrey, about 15 miles from London. The water is a simple saline ;—consisting chiefly of sulphate of magnesia, which has consequently received the name of Epaom Salts, though no longer prepared from the Epsom water. EPUISEMENT, Exhaustion. EPU'LIS, from tm, 'upon/ and ovXov, 'the gum.' Odon'tia excres'cena, Sarco'ma epu'lis, Ulon'cus, Excreacen'tia gingiva. An excrescence on the gum, sometimes ending in cancer. EPULOSIS, Cicatrization. EPULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. EQUAL, JEqua'lis. An epithet applied parti- cularly to the pulse and to respiration. The pulse and respiration are equal, when the pulsations and inspirations which succeed each other are alike in every respect. EQUILIB'RIUM, from aquus, 'equal,' and librare, 'to weigh.' In medicine, this word ia sometimes used to designate that state of organs, fluids, and forces, which constitutes health. ..EQUINA CAUDA, see Cauda Equina. EQUI'NIA, from equinus, 'belonging to a horse.' Glanders, (F.) Morve. A dangerous con- tagious disorder, accompanied by a pustular erupj tion, which arises from inoculation with certain idjgeased fluids generated in the horse, the ass and alus mule. Two forms are met with, — E. mitx's, ipontracted from horses affected with grease, and "E. glandulo'aa, a dangerous and commonly fatal disease communicated to man, either in the acute or chronic form, from the glandered horse. The veterinary surgeons make two varieties of the disease in the horse—Glanderr, 31a'lia, 3Ialias'- mus, 3Ia'lie, 3Ialis, Malleus; and Farcy glanders, Farcino'ma, 3Iallens farcimino'sus, 3torbxis far- dmixw'eus, Cachex'ia lympholica farcimino'sa, (F.) Morve farcinense :—the former affecting the pituitary membrane and occasioning a profuse discharge from the nostrils, with pustular erup- tions or small tumours, which soon suppurate and ulcerate, being attended by symptoms of malig- nant fever and by gangrene of various parts: — the latter being the same disease, but appearing in the shape of small tumours about the legs, lips, face, neck, Ac. of the horse; sometimes very painful, suppurating and degenerating into foul ulcers. They are often seen together. The mild cases require little treatment but rest; the more severe generally resist all remedies. EQUISETUM ARVENSE, Ac, see Hippurig vulgaris—e. Minus, Hippuris vulgaris. EQUITA'TION, Equita'tio, Hippei'a, Hippa'- sia, Hippeu'sis, from equus, 'a horse.' Horseback exerdse. A kind of exercise, advisable in many diseases, although improper in others—in uterine 3! * EQUIVOROUS 339 ERGOTISM affections, for instance. It has been much recom- mended in phthisis pulmonalis. It is less fatigu- ing than walking, and consequently more avail- able in disease. But to prevent disease, where much exercise is required, the latter is preferable. EQUIVOROUS, Equiv'orus, Hippoph'ogous, from equus, ' a horse,' and voro, ' I devour.' Feeding or subsisting on horseflesh. EQUIVOCAL, Equiv'ocus, from aquus, 'equal,' and vox,' voice.' Those symptoms are occasion- ally so denominated which belong to several dis- eases. Generation is said to be ' equivocal,' when it is, or seems to be, spontaneous. See Genera- tion. EQUUS, Hippus. ERARLE, Acer saccharinum. ERADICATION, Eradica'tio, from e, 'from,' and radix, ' a root.' The act of rooting out, or completely removing a disease. ERAD'ICATIVE, Eradi'cans: same etymon. Any thing possessed of the power of completely rooting out a disease. ERAILLEMENT DES PAUPIERES, Ec- tropion. EREBINTHUS, Acer arietinum, ERECHTHI'TES HIERACIFO'LIA, Sene'do hieracifo'litis, Fireweed. An indigenous plant, Order, Composites, which flowers from July to September. It is said to be an acrid tonic, and astringent, and in large doses emetic. ERECTILE TISSUE, Tela erec'tilis, from trigere, (e, and rigere,) 'to erect/ 'to become erect.' A tissue, wbose principal character is :— to be susceptible of dilatation, i. e. of turgescence and increase of size. It is formed of a collection of arteries and veins, intermixed with nervous filaments; which form, by their numerous anas- tomoses, a spongy substance, whose areolae com- municate with each other. Smooth muscular fibres have been detected in it. This tissue ex- ists in the corpora cavernosa of the penis and clitoris, at the lower and inner surface of the va- gina, in the spongy part of the urethra, the lips, nipples, iris, Ac. Sometimes it is developed ac- cidentally, and constitutes a kind of organic transformation. ERECTION, Erec'txo, Arrec'tio; same ety- mon. The state of a part, in which, from having been soft, it becomes stiff, hard, and swollen by the accumulation of blood in the areolae of Ws tissue, as in the case of the penis ;—Styma, Stysis. ERECTOR CLITORIDIS, Ischio-cavernosus —e. Penis, Ischio-cavernosus. EREMACAU'SIS, from tpnpog, 'waste,' and xavotg, ' combustion.' A term applied by Liebig to the slow combustion, oxidation, or decay of organic matters in the air. EREMIA, Acinesia. ERETHILYTICUM H^EMATOLYTICUM, Spanaemic. ER'ETHISM, Erethis'mus, Erethis'ia, Trrita- merltum, Irrita'tiq, from tptStfa, 'I irritate.' Ir- ritation. Augmentation of the vital phenomena in any organ or tissue. Orgasm. Under this name, Mr. Pearson has described a state of the constitution produced by mercury acting on it as a poison. He calls it Mcrcu'rirtl Erethis'mus. It is characterized by great depression of strength; anxiety about the prascordia; irregular action of the heart; frequent sighing; tremors; small, quick, sometimes intermitting, pulse; occasional vomiting; pale, contracted countenance, and sense of coldness; but the tongue is seldom furred, nor are the vital and natural functions much disturbed. In this state any sudden exer- tion may prove fatal. ERETHISMA, Rubefacient. ERETHISMUS, Erethism, Irritation-c. Ebrio- sorum, Delirium tremens—e. Hydrophobia, Hy- drophobia—e. Oneirodynia, Incubus, Paroniria— e. Simplex, Fidgets. ERETHISTICUS. Erethiticus, Rubefacient, ERETHIT'IC, Erethilicus, Erethis'ticus. Be- longing or relating to erethism, — as "erethitic phenomena," or phenomena of irritation. EREUGMOS, Eructation. EREUXIS, Eructation, Flatulence. ERGASMA, Myrrha. ERGASTERION SPIRITUS, Pulmo. ERGASTERIUM, Laboratory. ERGOT, (F.) Ergot, 'a spur.' Er'gota, Seco'le cornu'tum, Clavus secali'nus, Clavus eeca'lis, Spcr- moe'dia clavus, 3Iater eeca'lie, Calcor, Seeo'lit mater, Seca'le luxu'riana, Uatila'go, Clavus silig"- inis, Frumen'tuxn cornu'tum, F. cornicula'tum, F. luxu'rians, F. tur'gidum, F. temulexltum, Prizoc'- eras, (?) Melanophy'ma, Spurred or Horned Rye, the Spur; Hornseed, (F.) Seigle ergote, Rle cornu. Ergot is generally considered to be the result of a disease in rye, occurring most frequently when a hot summer succeeds a rainy spring. Decan- dolle, however, regards it as a parasitic fungus, and calls it, Sclero'tium clavus; whilst LeveillS esteems it to be a fungus giving a coating to the diseased grain; the medical virtues residing in the coating. Tbis parasitic fungus he calls Spha- ce'lia seg"etum. More recently, it has been main- tained, that it is a diseased state of the grain oc- casioned by the growth of a fungus not pre- viously detected, to which the names Ergota'tia abortans seu abortifa'ciens, Oidium abortifa'ciens, Ergot-mould, have been given. It is found pro- jecting from among the leaves of the spike or ear; and is a long, crooked excrescence, resem- bling the spur of a cock; pointed at its extremi- ties ; of a dark brown colour externally, and white within. • This substance has been long used in Germany to act on the uterus, as its names Mutterkorn and Gebarpulver (womb-grain, pulvis partu- riens) testify. Upwards of forty years ago, it was recommended in this country, by Dr. John Stearns, of Saratoga County, New York, for ac- celerating parturition ; and since that period, nu- merous testimonials bave been offered in its fa- vour. Half a drachm of the powder is gently boiled in half a pint of water, and one-third part given every 20 minutes, until proper pains begin. Some recommend the clear watery infusion; others advise the powder; others the oil, and others the wine. It is obvious, that in many cases the uterine efforts would return in the pe- riod which would necessarily elapse in the admi- nistration of ergot, so that several of the cases, at least, of reputed efficacy, may not have been dependent upon the assigned agent. Ergot also possesses—it is affirmed—narcotic virtues, which have rendered it useful in hemorrhagic and other affections of excitement. Bread, made of spurred rye, has been attended with the effects described under Ergotism. ERGOT, Hippocampus minor. ERGOT-MOULD, see Ergot. ERGOTA, Ergot. ERGOT^ETIA ABORTANS, see Ergot —e. Abortifaciens, see Ergot. ER'GOTIN, Extrac'tum Er'gota, Extract of Ergot, (F.) Ergotine, Extrait hemostatiqtie de Bonjean. The extract of ergot has been found an excellent hemastatic in the dose of two grains several times a day. It has also been used ex- ternally. ERGOTINE, Ergotin. ER'GOTISM, Ergotis'mxis, from ergota, 'ergot. Morbus cerea'lis. Poisoning by ergot. An affec- tion produced by the use of spurred rye. At times, the symptoms are limited to vertigo, ERG0TIS3IE CONVULSIVE 340 ERVUM spasms, and convulsions. See Convulsio cerealis. Most commonly, there is torpor with numbness of the hands and feet, which waste away, lose sensation and the power of motion, and separate from the body by dry gangrene; Ergotis'mus Sphacelo'sus, Sphac"elus cerea'lis, Necro'sis ce- rea'lis, Gangra'na ustilagin'ea, Necrosis ustila- girlea, Ergot or 3Iildew mortification, (F.) Ergo- tisme gangreneux, Gangrene des Solonois, Mal de Sologne. ERGOTISME CONVULSIVE, Convulsio ce- realis. ERGOTISMUS, Ergotism —e. Spasmodicus, Convulsio cerealis—e. Sphacelosus, Ergotism. ERI'CA VULGA'RIS, Callu'na vulga'ris seu Erica, Common Heath, (F.) Pruylre vulgaire. This has been regarded as diuretic and diapho- retic ERIG"ERON BELLIDIFO'LIUM, Robin's plantain. An indigenous plant of the Composite family; flowering in May. It is said to possess properties like the next. Erig"eron Philadel'phicum, Scabious, Ske- visch, Philadelphia Flea-Pane, Skevisch Flea- Pane, Daisy, Gocash, Frostweed, Fieldweed, Squa.w-weed, (F.) Vergerette de Philadelphie. The plant has been used in decoction or infusion for gouty and gravelly complaints, and is said to operate powerfully as a diuretic and sudorific. Erigeron Canaden'se, Oan'ada Fleabane, is considered to be allied in properties to the above, and the same may be said of Erigeron Hetero- phyV'lum, Sweet Sca'bious or various-leaved Flea- bane ; all of which are in the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. ERIGERUM, Senecio. ERIGNE, Hook. ER[NE, Hook. ERIOCEPH'ALUS UMBELLULA'TUS, Wild Rose'mary. A South African shrub, Nat. Ord. Composites, which is diuretic, and used by the farmers and Hottentots, in various forms of dropsy. ERIOSPERM'UM LATIFO'LIUM. A South African plant, the tuber of which is muculent, and used externally in abrasions of the skin, and in superficial ulcers. It is also employed by the Mohammedans, in decoction, in amenorrhoea. ERIX, tp'f. This word signifies, in Galen, the upper part of the liver. ERODENS, Caustic. ERODIUM MOSCHATUM, Geranium mos- chatum. EROMANIA, Erotomania. ERON'OSUS, Eronu'sos, from np, 'spring/ and vooog or vovoog, ' disease.' A disease which ap- pears chiefly in spring. EROS, Love. EROSIO, Corrosion — e. et Perforatio sponta- nea Ventriculi, Gastromalacia. ERO'SION, Ero'sio, Diabro'sis, Anabro'sis, Corro'sion, from erodere, (e, and rodere,) 'to eat away.' The action of a corrosive substance, or the gradual destruction of a part by a substance of that kind. It is often employed in the same sense as ulceration, spontaneous erosion. EROT'IC, Ero'ticus, from tpurg, 'love.' That which is produced by love; — as Erotic melan- choly, E. delirium, Ac. EROTICOMANIA, Erotomania. EROTION, Melissa. EROTOMA'NIA, Eroma'nia, 3Ia'nia erot'ica, from tptag, 'love/ and pavia, 'mania.' A species of mental alienation caused by love. Erotic me- lancholy is Love melancholy. Some authors write it Erot'ico-mania. Also, Nymphomania. ERPES, Herpes. ERRABUNDUS, Planetes. ERRAT'IC, Errat'icus, Atac'tos, At'ypos; from errare, 'to err.' Wandering, irregular. That which disappears and recurs at irregular inter- vals. This name is given to intermittents. Fcbrcs errat'ica, which observe no type. Most com- monly, it is applied to pains or to any diseased manifestations which are not fixed, but move from one part to another, as in gout, rheumatism, erysipelas, Ac. ERREUR DE LIEU, Error loci. ER'RHINE, Errhi'num or Er'rhinum, Sternn- tato'rium, Ster'nutatory, Ptar'micurn, A]>ophleg- mat'isans per nares, Nasa'le, from tv, ' in/ and piv, ' the nose.' A remedy whose action is ex- erted on the Schneiderian membrane, exciting sneezing and increased discharge. Errhines have been mainly used as local stimulants in head affections. The chief are: Asari Folia, Euphor- bias gummi-resina, Hydrargyri sulphas fiavus, Tabacum, and Veratrum album. ERRHINUM, Sternutatory. ER'RHYSIS, from tv, 'in,' and ptia, 'I flow.' With some, a draining of blood. A trifling he- morrhage. ERROR LOCI, Apoplane'sis, (F.) Erreur de Lieu. A term, frequently used by Boerhaave to express deviation of fluids, when they enter ves- sels not destined for them. Boerhaave admitted several orders of capillary vessels, the diameters of which went on decreasing. The largest re- ceived red blood: those which came next re- ceived only white : others only lymph ; whilst the last of all were destined for yet more subtle fluids — for a kind of vapour. When the red globules entered vessels destined for the white, or the white those intended for the thinner fluids, there was, according to the theory of Boerhaave, an error loci, the proximate cause of inflammation and other mischiefs. See Aberration. ERUCA, Brassica eruca, Sinapis—e. Barbarea, Erysimum barbarea—e. Fostida, Brassica eruca.— e. Sativa, Brassica eruca. ERUCTA'TION, Ructa'tio, Ereug'mus, Er'yge, Eructa' tio, Ructus, Rxicta'men, Ructua' tio, Ereux'is, Restagna'tio, Ruft, (N. of England,) from eructare, (e, and ructare, ' to belch.') Retching, (F.) Rot, Rapport. A sonorous emis- sion, by the mouth, of flatus proceeding from the stomach. When so frequent as to occasion a dis- eased condition, this is termed Ructuo'situs, Mor- bus ruetuo'sus. ERUGATORIA, Tetanothra. ERUGINEUX, ^ruginous. ERUPTIO, Eruption —e. Exanthematis, Epa- nastasis—e. Sanguinis, Hasmorrhagia. ERUP'TION, Erup'tio, from erumpere, (e, and rumpere,) ' to issue with violence/ ' to break out' This word has several meanings. 1. The sudden and copious evacuation of any fluid from a canal or cavity; — of serum, blood, pus, Ac, for exam- ple. 2. The breaking out of an exanthem ; and, 3, the exanthem itself, whether simply in the form of a rash, or of pustules, vesicles, Ac. ERUPTION AN0MALE, Roseolas — e. Ro- sace, Roseolas—e. Violet, Ionthus. ERUP'TIVE, Eruptirus. That which is ac- companied by an eruption. Thus small-pox, measles, scarlet fever, miliaria, Ac, are eruptive fevers. The term eruptive disease is nearly sy- nonymous with cutaneous disease. ERVA DE SANCTA MARIA, Arum Dracun- culus. ERVALENTA, see Ervum. ERVUM, E. Ervil'ia, E. p/ica'tum, Vic"ia er- vil'ia, Or'obus, (F.) Lentille Era ou Orobe. In times of scarcity, the seeds have been made into bread, but it is said not to be wholesome. The meal was one much used in poultices: it •/!•& for- ERYGE 341 ERYTHEMA tterly called Orob'ion, opofitov. Under the name Ervalent'a, a secret preparation has been intro- duced into Paris. It is a vegetable powder, which, when mixed with milk and soup and taken night and morning, is said to have succeeded in remo- ving old and obstinate obstructions! Buchner thinks it is bean-meal, Ditterich, the meal of the seed of Ervum Ervilia.—Aschenbrenner. Ervum Ervilia, Ervum. Ervum LENS,d'cer Lens,Lens esculexi'ta,Phacos, the Lentil, (F.) Lentille. The seed, Phace, Pha'- cea, Phacus, is eaten in many places like peas: they are flatulent and difficult of digestion. Ervum Plicatum, Ervum. ERYGE, Eructation. ERYXGIUM, see E. Aquaticum. Eryn'gium Aquat'icum, Water Eryn'go, But- ton Snake Root. Nat. Order, Umbelliferas. This root, Eryn'gium, (Ph. U. S.,) is nearly allied to the contrayerva of the shops, and acts more espe- cially as a sudorific. It is a secondary article in the Pharm. U. S. Eryngium Campes'tre, E. vulga're, Centum Cap ita, Lyrin'gium, Aster inquina'lis, Capit'u- lum Martis, Acus Ven'eris, (F.) Panicaut, Char- don-Roland, is sometimes used for E. maritimum. Eryngium Marit'imum seu Mari'num. The Sea Holly or Eryngo, JEthe'rea Herba, (F.) Pa- nicaut 3Iaritime. Eryngo root has a slightly aro- matic odour, and sweetish and warm taste. It is considered to be diuretic and expectorant, but its powers are so weak, that it is scarcely ever used. Eryngium Vulgare, E. Campestre. ERYNGO, SEA, Eryngium maritimum — e. Water, Eryngium aquaticum. ERYS'IMUM, Erys'imum officinale, Sisym'- brium officinale, Ghama'plion. Hedge-mustard, (F.) Velar, Tortelle, Herbe aux Chantres. This was, formerly, much used for its expectorant and diuretic qualities. The seeds greatly resemble mustard. Erysimum Alliaria, Alliaria. Erysimum Barba'rea, E. lyra'tum, Ar'abis barba'rea, Sisymbrium barba'rea, Eru'ca barba'- rea, Rarba'rea, P. stric'ta, (F.) Herbe de Sainte Barbe, has been ranked amongst the antiscor- butic plants. See Alliaria. Erysimum Cordifolium, Alliaria.—e. Lyratum, E. barbarea. ERYSIPELA'CEA. Same etymon as the next. A family of eruptive diseases, comprising erysi- pelas, variola, rubeola, and scarlatina. ERYSIP'ELAS, from tpvor, 'I draw in/ and viXag, 'near.' Febris erysipelato'sa, Febris ery- eipela'cea, Erythrop'yra, Emphlysis Erysip'elas, St. Anthony's fire, Ignis Sancti Anto'nii, I. Colu- mella, Hieropyr, Icteril'ia rubra, Ignis sacer, Rose, Rubea icteril'ia, Vicinitra'ha, Vicinitrac'- tus, Prunus, Lugdus, (F.) Erysipele, Feu St. An- toine, Feu aacre, 3Ial Saint Antoine. A disease, so called because it generally extends gradually to the neighbouring parts. Superficial inflamma- tion of the skin, with general fever, tension and swelling of the part; pain and heat more or less acrid; redness diffused, but more or less circum- scribed, and disappearing when pressed upon by the finger, but returning as soon as the pressure is removed. Frequently, small vesicles appear upon the inflamed part, which dry up and fall off, under the form of branny scales. Erysipelas is, generally, an acute affection : its medium du- ration being from 10 to 14 days. It yields, com- monly, to general refrigerant remedies. Topical applications are rarely serviceable. At times, when the disease approaches the phlegmonous character, copious bleeding and other evacuants may be required, as in many cases of erysipelas Of the face; but this is not commonly necessary. In most cases, indeed, the general action seems deficient, and it becomes necessary to give tonics. When erysipelas is of a highly inflammatory character, and invades the parts beneath, it is termed Erysip'elas phlegmono'des, (F.) Erysipele phlegmoneux: when accompanied with phlyc- tenas, and the inflammation terminates in gan- grene, Erysip'elas gangrano'sum, (F.) Erysipele gangreneux; and when associated with infiltra- tion of serum Erysip'elas cedemato'sum, (F.) Ery- siplle cedemateux. Erysipelas Gangrenosum, see Erysipelas — e. GMematosum, see Erysipelas — e. Phlegmo- nodes, see Erysipelas — e. Periodica nervosa chronica, Pellagra — e. Phlyctenoides, Herpes zoster—e. Pustulosa, Herpes zoster—e. Zoster, Herpes zoster. ERYSIPELATODES, Erysipelatous. ERYSIPELATOUS, Eryeipelato'dee, Erysi- pelato'sus. Belonging to erysipelas; as an ery- sipelatous affection. Erysipelatous Inflammation, Inflomma'tio erysipelato'sa, Epiphlogis'ma, Cuti'tis, Dermati- tis, is the character of inflammation which distin- guishes erysipelas, Erythe'ma erysipeloto'sum. ERYSIPELE, Erysipelas — e. Axnbulant, see Ambulant — e. Gangreneux, see Erysipelas — e. CEdemateux, see Erysipelas—e. Phlegmoneux, see Erysipelas — e. Serpigineux, see Serpiginous—e. Pustuleux, Herpes zoster. ERYSOS, Erythema. ERYTHE'MA, from epvBpaiog, tpvOpog, 'red, rose-coloured.' Erythre'ma, (F.) Fry theme. This name is, sometimes, given to erysipelas, especially when of a local character. It is, also, applied to the morbid redness on the cheeks of the hectic, and on the skin covering bubo, phlegmon, Ac. It forms the 6th genus of the 3d order, Exanthemata, of Bateman's classification of cutaneous diseases; and is de- fined, "a nearly continuous redness of some portion of the skin, attended with disorder of the constitution, but not contagious.' Many varie- ties are described by dermatologists, — for exam- ple, E. intertrigo, E. fugax, E. papula'tum, E. tubercula'turn, E. nodo'sum, E. lave, E. centrif- ugrtm, E. margina'turn, and E. acrodyn'ia. Erythema Acrodynia, Acrodynum—e. Am- bustio, Burn—e. Anthrax, Anthrax. Erythe'ma Centrif'ugum. A variety of ery- thema attacking the face, commencing with a small red spot, and spreading around, so as, at times, to affect the whole face. Erythema Endemicum, Pellagra — e. a, Fri- gore, Chilblain. Erythe'ma Fugax. Patches of erythema, that sometimes appear on the body in febrile dis- eases, teething children, Ac, and which are of brief duration. Erythema Gangrenosum, Anthrax—e. Icho- rosum, Eczema mercuriale—e. Intertrigo, Chafin"-. Erythe'ma Leve, (F.) Erytheme Uger. Slight erythema affecting the skin, as in oedema. Erythe'ma Margina'tum, (F.) Erytheme mar- ginal. A form in which the prominent patches of erythema are distinctly separated from the skin at their margins. Erythema Mercuriale, Eczema mercuriale. Erythe'ma Nodo'sum, (F.) Erytheme noxieux. A more severe form of Erythema tuberculatum. Erythe'ma Papula'tum, (F.) Erytheme papu- lexix. Patches of erythema, which are at first pa- pulated, appearing on the face, neck, breast, Ac, of females, and young persons more especially. Erythema Pellagrum, Pellagra—e. Pernio Chilblain. ERYTHEMATOUS 342 ESSENCE Erythe'ma Sola'rE. A name given by the Italians to Pellagra, owing to its being attended with an eruption of small red spots or patches on the parts that are exposed to the sun. Erythe'ma Tubercula'tum, E. tuberculo'sum, (F.) Erxjthlme tuberculeux. A form of erythema in which the patches are in small lumps. ERYTHEM'ATOUS, Erythemat'ic, Erythema- to'sus, Erythemat'icus, (F.) Erythemateux. Ap- pertaining or relating to Erythema. ERYTHEME, Erythema—£ Leger, Erythe- ma lasve—e. Marginal, Erythema marginatum— e. Noueux, Erythema nodosum — e. Papuleux, Erythema papulatum—e. Tuberculeux, Erythema tuberculatum. ERYTHR.EA CENTAURIUM, Chironia cen- taurium — e. Chilensis, Canchalagua, Chironia Chilensis. ERYTHRjEMIA.JPlethora. ERYTHRAN'CHE, Angi'na erysipelato'sa, from tpvdpog, ' red,' and ayx^x, ' I suffocate.' Ery- sipelatous or erythematous sore throat. ERYTHREMA, Erythema. ERYTHRINA MONOSPERMA, Butea fron- dosa. ERY»THR0CH03RAS, Cynanche parotidasa. ERYTHRODANUM, Rubia. ER'YTHROID, Erythro'des, ErythroVdes. Reddish. Erythroid Coat. Tu'nica erythro'des. Vagi- nal coat of the testis. Er'ythroid Ves'icle, Vesic'ula Erythrdidea. A vesicle of the foetus described by Pockels and others. It is pyriform, and much longer than, although of the same breadth as, the umbilical vesicle. Velpeau, Weber, and others, doubt its being a physiological condition. ERYTHRONIUM, E. Americanum. Erythro'nium America'num, E. flavum, E. dens caw's, E. lanceola'turn, E. longifo'litim, Com- mon Erythro'nium, Yellow Snake-leaf, Yellow Adder'a tongue, Adder-leaf, Dog violet, Rattle- snake vi'olet, Lamb's tongue, Scrofula root, Yel- low Snowdrop. This plant is possessed of emetic properties, but is rarely, if ever, used. The root and herb, Erythro'nium, (Ph. U. S.,) are in the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. Erythronium Dens Canis, E. Americanum— e. Flavum, E. Americanum — e. Lanceolatum, E. Americanum—e. Longifolium, E. Americanum. ERYTHROPYRA, Erysipelas. ERYTHROSIS, Plethora. ES'APHE, from taatpaur, ' I touch with the fin- gers.' (F.) Le Toucher. The introduction of a finger or fingers into the vagina, for the purpose of examining the condition of the uterus. It is employed to verify the existence or non-existence of pregnancy and its different stages; to detect certain affections or faults of conformation in the genital organs and pelvis; and, during the pro- cess of accouchement, to examine into the pro- gress of labour, Ac. ESCA, Aliment. ESCARA, Eschar. FSCARGOT, Limax. ESCHALOTTE, Echalotte. ESCHAR. Es'chara, Es'char, a slough, a crust or scab. The crust or disorganized portion, ari- sing from the mortification of a part, and which is distinguishable from the living parts by its colour, consistence, and other physical properties. The inflammation which it excites in the conti- guous parts, gives ocoasion to a secretion of pus between the living and dead parts, which ulti- mately completely separates the latter. ESCHARA, Vulva. ESCHAROT'IC, Escharot'icum, from te^af*, 'eschar.' Any substance, which, when applied upon a living part, gives rise to an eschar, such as caustic potassa: the concentrated mineral acids, Ac. Escharotic Poison, see Poison. ESCHELLOHE, MINERAL WATERS OF. This water rises at the foot of a mountain near the convent of Etal in Bavaria. It is a sulphuro- saline. ESCHID'NA OCELLA'TA. A very poisonous viper, which inhabits the sugar-cane fields of Peru. Its bite is almost instantaneously fatal. ESCORZONERA, Seorzonera. ESCREVISSE, Crab. ESCULAPIAN, Medical. ES'CULENT, Esculen'tus, Ed'ible, Eat'able, from esca, 'food.' (F.) Comestible. Such plants or such parts of plants or animals as may be eaten for food. . ESO, tour, 'within.' A prefix which signifies an affection of an internal part; as Esoenteritis, inflammation of the inner membrane of the intes- tines:— Esogastri'tis, inflammation of the inner membrane of the stomach, Ac. ESOCHAS, Esoche. ES'OCHE, Es'ochas. A tumour—as a hemor- rhoid—within the anus. ESOCOLITIS, Desentery. ESODIC, Afferent. ESOENTERITIS, see Enteritis. ESOGASTRITIS, Endogastritts. ESOTER'IC, tctartpog, 'interior/ from tea, 'within.' Private; interior; in contradistinction to Exoter'ie, public, exterior. Hence, we speak of ' esoteric and exoteric causes of disease.' ESOT'ERISM, MED'ICAL. Same etymon as Esoteric. A term used by M. Simon, in his D6- ontologie medicale, for that esotery, or mystery and secresy, with which the practitioner performs his daily duties, and which, he conceives,.he is compelled to adopt by the prejudices and igno- rance of his patients. ESP ACES INTERCOSTAUX, see Costa. ESPECE, Powder, compound. ESPECES VULNERAIRES, Falltranck. ESPHLA'SIS, from tig, 'inwards/ and tpXau, ' I break, bruise/ Ac. A fracture of the skull by comminution, the fragments being depressed. See Depression, and Enthlasis. ESPRIT, Spirit—e. d'Ammoniaque, Spiritus ammonias—e. d'Arris, Spiritus anisi — e. de Cam- phre, Spiritus camphoras—e. de Cannelle, Spiritua cinnamomi — e. de Carvi, Spiritus carui — e. de Genievre compose, Spiritus juniperi composites— e.deLavande, Spiritus lavandulas—e.deLavande compoae, Spiritus lavandulas composites — e. de 3Ienthe poixn-ee, Spiritus menthas piperitae—e. de 3Iuscade, Spiritus myristicas—e. de Pouliot, Spi- ritus pulegii—e. de Raifort compose, Spiritus ar- moracias compositus — e. de Romarin, Spiritus rosmarini—e. de Vin deiaye, Spiritus tenuior—e. de Vin rectifle, Spiritus rectificatus. ESPRITS ANIMAUX, Nervous fluid. ESQUILLE, Splinter. ESQUINANCIE, Cynanche, Cynanche ton- sillaris. ESQUINE, Smilax China. ES'SENCE, Essen'tia, corrupted from existen- tia, 'standing out.'(?) By some, used synony- mously with volatile oil; by others, with simple tincture. The oil of peppermint is the oil obtained by distillation; the essence, the oil diluted with spirit. See Tinct. olei menthas. Essence of Bardana, Hill's, Tincturi guaiaci ammoniata—e. of Coltsfoot, see Tinctura benzoini oomposita — e. of Musk, Tinctura moschi—e. ot ESSENCES 343 ETHMYPHITIS Mustard Pills, Whitehead's, see Sinapis — e. of iMustard, Whitehead's, see Sinapis — e. of Pep- permint, Tinctura olei menthas piperitae—e. of Spearmint, Tinctura olei menthas viridis — e. of Spruce, see Pinus Abies. ESSENCES, Olea volatilia, ESSENTIA, Essence, Tincture —e. Abietis, see Pinus abies — e. Aloes, Tinctura aloes — e. Absinthii amara, Tinctura A. composita—e. Ab- sinthii composita, Tinctura A. composita—e. An- timonii seu stibii, Vinum antimonii tartarizati — e. Antiseptica Huxhami, Tinctura cinchonae com- posita—e. Aromatica, Tinctura cinnamomi com- posite—e. Castorei, Tinctura castorei—e. Catho- lica purgans Rothii, Tinctura jalapii composita— e. de Cedro, Oleum cedrinum — e. Chinas, Tinc- tura cinchonae composita — e. Cinnamomi, Tinc- tura cinnamomi—e. Neroli, see Citrus aurantium —-e. Corticis Peruviani antiseptica Huxhami, Tinctura cinchonas composita—e. Corticis Peru- viana' composita, Tinctura cinchonas amara. ESSEN'TIAL, Essentia'lis. The word essential has been applied to the immediate or active prin- ciples of vegetables, which were believed to be endowed with the properties of the plants from which they were extracted. Essential oil was so called because it was regarded as the only imme- diate principle which was essential. This expres- sion is retained. Essential salts are true salts or extracts which exist, ready formed, in vegetables; and which are obtained by distillation, incinera- tion, or some other process. An essential disease is synonymous with a ge- neral disease ; that is, one not depending on any local affection;—not symptomatic. See Entity. ES'SERA, Es'sere, Sora, Saire, Sore, Morbus porclnus, Rosa saltans, Urtica'ria porcella'na, (F.) Ampoules, Porcelaine. A species of cutane- ous eruption, consisting of small, reddish tuber- cles over the whole body, accompanied by a troublesome itching. It seems to be a variety of lichen or urticaria. See Lichen tropicus. ESSIE U, Axis. ESSOUFFLEMENT, Anhelatio. ESTHEMA, Vestitus. ESTHESIS, Vestitus. ESTHIOMENE, Esthiomenus. ESTHIOM'ENUS, Estiom'enus, from ttsGtur, ' I eat' Ex'edens. (F.) Esthiomene. That which devours or eats away. Certain ulcers and erup- tions—Dartres rongeantes—are so called. ES'TIVAL, ^Esti'vus; happening in summer, belonging to summer. This epithet is given to summer diseases, so called because they reign at that season, and appear to depend on the influ- ence exerted by it on the,animal economy. In the United States, the term summer disease or complaint means disorder of the bowels, as diar- rhoea, cholera morbus, Ac. ESTOMAC, Stomach. _ ESULA CYPARISSIAS, Euphorbia cyparis- eias — e. Major, Euphorbia palustris — e. Minor, Euphorbia eyparissias. ESURIES, Hunger. ESURIGO, Hunger. ESURITIO, Hunger. ESYCHIA, Acinesia. ETAGE, Stage. ETAIN, Tin —£ de Glace, Bismuth—£ Gris, Bismuth. ETAT GRANULEUX DU REIN, Kidney, Bright's Disease of the. E'TERNUEMENT, Sneezing. ETESTICULATIO, Castration. ETHER, jEther, either sulphuricus—e. Acetic, Bee either. Ether, Chloric, Chloroform. Under the names concentrated chloric ether and strong chloric ether, a compound of pure chloroform and nearly absolute alcohol — in the proportion of one-third of the former to two-thirds of the latter —has been used as an anassthetic by inhalation, in the same cases as sulphuric ether and chloroform. It is properly an alcoholic solution or tincture of chloroform. Ether, Chlorohydric, Chlorinated, see JEther muriaticus—e. Chlorohydrique ehlor-e, see ..Ether muriaticus. Ether, Compound. A preparation consisting of a solution of chloroform in sulphuric ether,which has been used as an anaesthetic by inhalation, in the same cases as chloroform. Ether, Hydrochloric, see either—e. Hydro- cyanic, JEther hydrocyanicus—e. Muriatic, JEther muriaticus—e. Nitric, see iEther—e. Nitrous, see iEther—e. Phosphoric, see JEther—e. Rectified, ^Ether sulphuricus — e. Sulphuric, jEther sul- phuricus— e. Terebinthinated, either terebin- thinatus. ETHEREAL, ^Ethereal. E THE REE, Ethereal. ETHEREOUS, ^Ethereal. ETHERINE, HYDROCYANATE OF, JEther hydrocyanicus—e. Muriate of, ./Ether muriaticus. ETHERIZA'TION, uEtheriaa'tio. The aggre- gate of phenomena induced by the inhalation of ether. E'THERIZED, JEtheriaa'tus. Presenting the phenomena induced by the inhalation of ether. ETHICS, MEDICAL, Deontology, medical. ETHIOPIAN, see Homo. ETHIOPS, see JSthiops. ETHISIS, Filtration. ETHISMUS, Filtration. ETH'MOID, Ethmo'dee, Ethmdi'dea, EthmoV- deus, from ndpog, 'a sieve/ and tiSog, 'form.' Shaped like a sieve. Ethmoid Bone, Os ethmo'ideum, Oa multiforme, Oa apongio'aum, Oa apongo'i'des, Os cribro'sxim, Oa cribrifor'me, Os cu'bicum, Os crista'turn, Oafora- minulexltum, Os colifor'me, Os colato'rium, (F.) Os cribleux. One of the eight bones which com- pose the cranium; so called, because its upper plate is pierced by a considerable number of holes. The ethmoid bone is situate at the ante- rior, inferior, and middle part of the base of the cranium. It seems to be composed of a multitude of thin, fragile, semi-transparent laminae, which form more or less spacious cells, called the Eth- moidal labyrinth or cells, distinguished into ante- rior and posterior. These communicate with the nose, and are lined by a prolongation of the pituitary membrane. The ethmoid bone is con- stituted of compact tissue, and is surrounded by the Ethmoid suture. It is articulated with the frontal and sphenoidal bones, the cornua sphexio- 'idalia, the superior maxillary bones, the palate bones, the ossa turbinata inferiora, the vomer, the proper bones of the nose, and the lachrymal bones. ETHMOID'AL, Ethmdida'lis. Belonging to the ethmoid bone; as, Ethmoidal cella, E. auture, Ac. The Ethmoidal apoph'yaia or proceaa is the advanced part of the sphenoid bone, which articu- lates with the ethmoid. The ethmoidal arteries are two in number, the anterior of which arises from the ophthalmic artery. The origin of the other varies. The Echancrure ethmdidale of the os frontis receives the ethmoid bones. The Ethmoi- dal veine correspond to the arteries. ETHMOSYNE, Habit. ETHMYPHE, Cellular tissue. FTRMYFIII'TIS, Inflamma'tio tela cellulo'sa, from ndpog, 'a sieve/ 'vq>n, 'texture/ and itis, de- noting inflammation. Inflammation of the cel- lular membrane. ETHMYPHOTYLOSIS 344 EUPATORIUM ETHMYPHOTYLOSIS, Induration of the cel- lular tissue. ETHOS, Habit. ETHULE, CYANURET OF, .Ether. ETHUSE, .Ethusa cynapium—£. 3teum, JEthu- sa meum. ETHYLE, CHLORIDE 0F, either muri- aticus. , ETIOLA'TION, Blanching, (F.) Etiolement. That state of plants which occurs in consequence of privation of light, when they become pale and watery. In pathology, it is sometimes used to denote the paleness produced in those persons who have been kept long without light; or a similar paleness, the result of chronic disease. ETIOLEMENT, Etiolation. ETIOLOGY, JStiologia. ETIQUETTE, MEDICAL, Deontology, me- dical. ETISE, Heetisis—e. Mesentedque, Tabes me- Benterica. ETOILE, Stella. ETONNEE, Stunned. ETOUFFEMENT, Suffocation. ETOURDISSEMENT, Vertigo. ETRANGLEMENT, Strangulation, Hysteria —e. des Intestine, Enteremphraxis. E TRIER, Stapes. ETRON, Abdomen, Hypogastrium. ETRON'CUS, from Vrpov, 'the lower belly,' and oyxog, 'a tumour.' A tumour of the lower belly.. ETUVE, Stove—e. Humide, Bath, vapour. ETUVER, to Foment. EU, tv, ' good, proper/ when prefixed to words. Hence: EUiE'MIA, from tv, 'well,' and 'atpa, 'blood.' A good condition of the blood. EU^ESTHE'SIA, from tv, 'well/ and atednoig, ' perception.' Vigorous perception. A good con- dition of the perceptive faculties. EU^ESTHE'TOS. Same etymon. One whose senses are in full vigour. EUANALEP'SIS, from tv, 'good/ and ava- \n*Pls< 'recovery.' Rapid restoration to strength. EUANTHEMON, Anthemis nobilis. EUCALYPTUS RESINIFERA, see Kino. EUCHROB'A, from tv, 'good/ and xpola> 'c0_ lour.' A good or healthy colour of the skin. A good appearance of the surface. EUCHYM'IA, from tv, 'well/ and xvl">(> 'juice.' A good state of the humours. EUCRA'SIA, from tv, 'well,' and xpaatg, 'tem- perament' A good temperament. EUDIAPNEUS'TIA, from tvSiairvtverog, 'one who breathes well.' Easy transpiration. EUECTICA (medicina) Gymnastics. EUEL'CES, from tv, 'well,' and 'tXxog, 'an ulcer.' One in whom wounds and ulcers are readily healed. EU'EMES, Extern'etos, from tv, 'well/ and tptto, ' I vomit' That which readily excites vomiting. One who vomits with facility. EUETHES, Benign. EUEX'IA, from tv, 'well/ and 't%tg, 'constitu- tion.' A good constitution. EUFRAISE, Euphrasia officinalis. EUGE'NIA CARYOPHYLLA'TA, called after Prince Eugene. Garrophyl'lue, CaryophyVlus aro- mat'xcus, Myrtxt) caryophyVlus. The Indian tree which affords the clove. Order, Myrtaceae. The Clove, Caryophyl'lua, C. aromat'icua, is the unex- pended bud, (F.) Girofle, Gerofle, Girophle. Its odour is strong, aromatic, and peculiar; taste, pungent and acrid. Like all substances, whoso virtue depends upon essential oil, it is stimulant and carminative. It is generally used as a cor- rigent to other remedies, and in cases where sub- stances containing the essential oils are demanded. The oil, (F.) Huile de Gerofle—Oleum enryophyl''- li, Oil of Clovca—has the properties of the cloves. EUGION, Hymen. EULOPHIA, see Salep. EUNUCH, Eunu'chus, from tvvn, 'the bed,' and txo>, ' I keep.' Hemian' drus, Hemianor, He- mi anthro' pus, Semimas, Semimas'cuius, Scmivir, Thla'dias, Thla'sias, Thlib'ias, Castra'tus, Gallas, Excastra'tus, Edra'tus, Emascula'tus, Spado, Ex-. eec'tus, Extesticula'tus, Extom'ius, Sem'ivir, Semi- mascula'tus. One wbose organs of generation have been removed, or so altered, that he is ren- dered incapable of reproducing his species, or of exercising the act of venery. Eunuchs were common with the ancient Romans. In Italy, this horrible mutilation still takes place to im- prove the voice; and in the East, eunuchs have the surveillance of the seraglio. EUNUCHISMUS, Castration. EUNUCHIUM MECONIS, Lettuce. EUNUCHUS, Castrates, Eunuch. EUODES, Beneolentia. EUONYMUS, Quassia simarouba. Euon'ymus America'nus, Strawberry bush, Straxvberry tree, Eurning bush, Indian arrow- wood. A shrub of the Nat. Ord. Celastraceas, Sex. Syst. Pentandria monogynia, which, like the next, is found throughout the United States and Canada; flowering from May to June. Euon'ymus Atropurpu'reus, Burning bush, Spindle tree, Indian Arrow wood, flowers from June to July. From these varieties of Euonymus the Wahoo or Whahoo bark is said to be obtained. It is diu- retic, antiperiodic, tonic, and a hydragogue ca- thartic, and has been used in dropsy in infusion, in the proportion of an ounce to a pint of water. EUPATHI'A, Euphor'ia, from tv, 'well,' and ira&og, ' suffering.' A disposition for being affected by pain easily. Also, a good state of health. EUPATOIRE D'AVICENNE, Eupatorium cannabinum—e. Pex-cefeuille, Eupatorium perfo- liatum. EUPATORIUM, Eupatorium perfoliatum. Eupato'rium Ageratoi'des, White Snakeroot; indigenous; flowering in August and September; has the same properties as Eupatorium perfo- liatum. \ Eupato'rium Cannab'inum, called after Mi- thridates Eupator, Eupato'rium, E. Arab'icnm seu Japon'icum seu trifolia'tum, Cannab'ina aqxiat'ica, Hemp agrimony, Eupatorium of Avi- cenna, Herb of Saint Cunegonde, Trifo'lium cer- vi num, Orig'anum aquat'icum, (F.) Eapatoire d'Avicexine. Family, Synanthereas; Sex. Syst. Syngenesia asqualis. The juice of this plant proves violently emetic and purgative, if taken in sufficient quantity. It has been considered diuretic, cathartic and emetic. Eupatorium Connatum, E. perfoliatum — e. Guaco, Guaco—e. Japonicum, E. Cannabinum— e. Mesues, Achillea ageratum. Eupatorium Perfolia'tum, E. Conna'tnm, Eupatorium—(Ph. U. S.) (F.) Eupatoxre perce- feuille; Poneset, Thor'oughwort, Thor'oughstem, Thor'ongwox, Vegetable antimony, Crosswort, Agueweed, Feverwort, Indian sage, Joe-pye, Teazel, Suieatirrg plant, is a plant which grows in low, wet meadows throughout the United States. It I is considered to be stimulating, tonic, emetic, pur- EUPEPSIA 345 EUSTACHIAN gative, diuretic, and sudorific. Dose, gr. xv. of j the powder, as a gentle purgative. Eupatorium, Purple-stalked, E. purpureum. Eupatorium Purpu'reum, 3Iohawk tassel, Purple-stalked Eupato'rium, Trumpet weed, is used in similar cases, as well as Eupatorium Sessilifo'lium, Upland Boneset, and Eupatorium Teucrifo'lium, Wild horehound, Germander-leaved horehound. Eupatorium Trifoliatum, E. Cannabinum. EUPEP'SIA, from tv, 'well,' and irtirria, 'I di- gest.' A good digestion. The antithesis to dys- pepsia. EUPEP'TIC, Eupep'tus, Exipep'ticus. Same etymon. Relating to a good digestion. One en- dowed with a good digestion. EUPHLO'GIA, from w, 'well/ and tpXtyur, 'I burn.' Mild inflammation. Variola. EU'PHONY, Exipho'nia, from tv, 'well,' and $wvn, 'voice.'- An agreeable or regular voice. EUPHORBE CYPRES, E. cyparissias — e. des 3Iarais, E. palustris—e. Vomitive, E. ipecac- uanha. EUPHOR'BIA CAPITA'TA, Caa cica. Ord. Euphorbiaceas. A Brazilian plant, which is strongly astringent and not poisonous. It is considered to be one of the best remedies for the bites of serpents. It is, also, called Colubri'na Lusitan' ica. Euphorbia Corolla'ta, Large flowering spurge, Milkxoeed, Snakes' milk, Ipecacuan'ha, Hippo, Picac, Ip'ecac, 3Iilk purslain, Purge root, Emet'ic root, Rowman's root, Apple root, Indian Physic, has similar properties to the last. The dose of the root is the same. Euphorbia Cyparis'sias, Es'ula minor seu Cyparissina, Euphor'bio Cypread'na, Tithym'- alus Cyparis'sia. The Cypresa apurge, (F.) Eu- phorbe cypres. This, like most of the spurges, is very acrimonious. Amongst the rustics, it was formerly called poor man'a rhubarb, and was, consequently, a laxative. It is not used. Euphorbia Cypressina, E. Cyparissais. Euphorbia Hypericifo'lia. A native of the United States. It is astringent and tonic. Used in infusion—f.^ss to Oj of boiling water. Dose, a tablespoonful. Euphorbia Ipecacuan'ha, Anieophyllum Ipe- cacuanha, Ipecacuanha spurge, (F.) Euphorbe vomitive. This species of spurge is common in the southern and middle parts of the United States. The root is a powerful emetic, in the dose of from five to fifteen grains: twenty grains act as a cathartic likewise. In large doses, it acts as a narcotico-acrid. Euphorbia Lath'yris. The systematic name of the plant which affords the leaser cotapu'tia seeds, Catapu'tia minor, Caper spurge, Lath'yrie, Gar'den spurge, Caper plant, Mole-plant, Ti- ihym'alus lotrfo'lius seu la'thyris, Galarhce'us Lath'yris. The seeds possess cathartic properties, and an expressed oil of the seeds — O'leum Eu- phor'bim Lathyr'idis — has been given as a ca- thartic in the dose of six to twelve drops. Euphorbia Officina'rum. The systematic name of the plant which affords the Euphorbium, Euphorbim gummi-resi'na, Gummi euphorbim, in greatest abundance. The euphorbium is an in- odorous gum-resin, in yellow tears, which have the appearance of being worm-eaten. It enters into the composition of some plasters, and has been used as an errhine. Euphorbia Palus'tris, E. panicula'ta, Greater apurge, Ea'ula major, Tithym'alus palun'- tris, Galarhce'us palus'tdt, Marsh apurge, (F.) Euphorbe dea maraia. The juice is given, in Russia, as a common purge. It is used, too, afl an irritant in tinea, warts, Ac. Euphorbia Palustris and E. Villosa, or E,. Pilo'sa have been brought forward as preven- tives of hydrophobia — the bitten part being washed with a decoction, and, at the same time, the decoction being taken internally. Euphorbia Paniculata, E. palustris. Euphorbia Paral'ias, Tithym'alus paralios, Sea spurge. This is violently cathartic and irri- tating, and is seldom used. Euphorbia Pilosa, see Euphorbia palustris— e. Villosa, see Euphorbia palustris. J^@** All the spurges are vesicant and rubefa- cient, when applied externally. EUPHORBIUM, Euphorbia officinarum. EUPHORIA, Eupathia. EUPHRAGIA, Euphrasia officinalis. EUPHRA'SIA, E. Officina'lis seu 3Iin'ima seu Imbrica'ta, Ocula'ria, Euphra'gia, OphihaVmica, Eyebright, (F.) Eufraise, Casse-Lunette. It has been recommended in diseases of the eye, but is unworthy of notice. EUPLAS'TIC, Euplas'ticus: from tv, 'well,' and irXacata, ' I form.' Having the capacity of becoming organizable in a high degree, — as in false membranes resulting from acute inflamma- tion in a healthy person. EUPLEURUM SERRULATUM, Diosma cre- nata. EUPNCE'A, from tv, 'well/ and irvtur, 'I re- spire.' Freedom or facility of respiration. EURHYTH'MIA, from tv, 'well/ and pvSpos, 'rhythm.' Regularity of the pulse. EURIBALI, Juribali. EURODES, Carious. EURODON'TICUS, from tvpog, 'caries/ and oSovg, ' a tooth.' Suffering from carious teeth. EURUS, tvpvg, 'mould, putrefaction/ Mucor, Caries. Corruption of the humours. EURYCHORIA, Sinus. EURYCLES, Engastrimyth. EURYCLITUS, Engastrimyth. EURYSMUS, Dilatation. EURYTH'MIA, Eurxjth'mus, from tv, 'well/ and pvdpog, ' rhythm.' Regularity of pulse, both as regards quantity and quality. EUSAR'CUS, from tv, well/ and aapl, 'flesh.' One who is fleshy, robust, muscular. EUSEMI'A, from tv, 'well/ and cnpttov, 'a sign.' A collection of good signs. EUSPLANCH'NIA, from tv, 'well/ and arrXayxvov, 'a viscus.' A healthy state of the viscera. EUSTA'CHIAN TUBE, Tuba Eustachia'na, Syrin'ga, Syrinx, 3Iea'tus emeus, Tuba AristoteV- ica, Ductus auria paloti'nua, Iter a Pala'to ad Aux-em, (F.) Trompe ou Conduit d'Ettstache, Con- duit guttural de I'oreille—Ch. This tube was so called from its discoverer, Eustachius. It is partly bony and partly cartilaginous : extending from the cavity of the tympanum to the upper part of the pharynx. Its length is about two inches; the bony portion which belongs to the temporal bone, is about three-fourths of an inch long. It is. lined, internally, by a prolongation of the lining membrane of the pharynx. Its nerves are furnished by the palatin branches of the ganglion of Meckel, and its vessels proceed from those of the pharynx and velum pendulum. The use of the tube seems to be, to permit the renewal of air in the cavity of the tympanum. Eusta'chian Valve, Valve of Eusta'chius, Valvule d'Enatachi ou d' Eustache. A membra- nous, semilunar fold, which corresponds to the opening of the vena cava inferior into the right auricle of the heart. EUSTHENIA 346 EXAMBLOSIS EUSTHENI'A, Vigor, Exuberan'tia, from tv, 'well,' and aQtvog, 'strength.' Flourishing, exu- berant health.—Hippocrates. EUSTOM'ACHUS, from tv, 'well/ and trro- ftaxog, 'stomach.' Digesting rapidly. Having a good stomach. EUTAXTA, from tv, 'well/ and raaota, 'I ar- range.' Euthe'sia. A well-ordered constitution, in which every part has its proper relation. The ready return of a rupture, or of a luxated bone. EUTHANA'SIA, from tv, 'well/ and Qavarog, * death.' An easy death. EUTHESIA, Eutaxia. EUTHYENTERON, Rectum. EUTHYENTEROSTENOMA, Stricture of the Rectum. EUTHYM'IA, An'imi tranquillitas, from tv, ' well,' and Svpog, ' mind.' Tranquillity of mind. A good state of the mental faculties. EUTHYPNOE, Orthopnosa. EUTHYPN03A, Orthopnosa. EUTOCIA, from£u,'well/ androKoj, 'delivery.' An easy labour. Fecundity. EUTROPH'IA, from tv, 'well/ and rpotpn, ' nourishment' A good state of nutrition. EUTROPH'IC, Eutroph'icus, same etymon. A term introduced into medical terminology, by the author, for an agent whose action is exerted on the system of nutrition, without necessarily oc- casioning manifest increase of any of the secre- tions. The chief eutrophics are,—mercurials, the pre- parations of iodine, bromine, cod liver oil, the preparations of gold and silver, sulphur, sugar, and sarsaparilla. EUZOODYNAMIA, Sanitas. EVACUANTS, Evacuan'tia, from e, and va- cuare, • to empty.' (F.) Evacuatifs. Medicines are so called which occasion a discharge by some emunctory ; such as purgatives, emetics, Ac. EVACUATIFS, Evacuants. EVACUATIO, Evacuation, Excretion. EVACUA'TION. Same etymon. The dis- charge of any matter whatever by the natural passages or by an artificial opening. jUVANOUISSEMENT, Syncope. EVAN ROOT, Geum Virginianum. EVAPORA'TION, Evapora'tio, Vapora'tio, Exhala'tio, from e, and vaporare, ' to emit a va- pour.' Transformation of a liquid into vapour, in order to obtain the fixed matters contained in it dry and separate from the liquid. When the vapour is received in a proper vessel and con- densed, the process is called distillation. Evapo- ration produces cold, and this is one of the pro- cesses by which the body is cooled, through the evaporation of the perspiratory fluid. EVAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Evaux is situate in Auvergne, in France. The waters are hydrosulphurous and thermal. EVENTRATION, Eventra'tio, Hypogastro- rix'is, from e, ' out of/ and venter, ' the belly.' A tumour, formed by a general relaxation of the parietes of the abdomen, and containing a great part of the abdominal viscera. Also, ventral hernia, or that which occurs in any other way than through the natural openings of the abdo- minal parietes. Lastly, any very extensive wound of the abdominal parietes, with issue of the greater part of the intestines. EVEN'TUS, from e, 'out of/ and venire, 'to come.' Apobai'non, Apobesom'enon, Ecbesom'- enon, Termina'tio morbi. The event or issue of a disease, either favourable or unfavourable. EVERLASTING, DI02CI0US, Antennaria dioica. EVERRIC'ULUM, Specil'lnm. A sort of sound or scoop, used for extracting sand or frag- ments of stone or clots of blood from the bladder, after or during the operation of lithotomy. EVERSIO PALPEBR.E, Ectropion. EVIGIL AT ION, see Sleep. EVIL, THE, Scrofula—e. King's, Scrofula. EVIRATIO, Castration. EVIRATUS, Castrates, Eunuch. EVISCERATION, Exenterismus. EVOLUTIO, Development — e. Spontanea, Evolution, spontaneous. EVOLU'TION, SPONTANEOUS, Ver'sio sen Evolu'tio sponta'nea, from e, and volvere, ' to roll.' Sponta'neous ver'sion, Sponta'neous expulsion, Duplication of the fcetus. A term, applied, by Dr. Denman, to what he considered to be a spon- taneous turning of the foetus in utero, in an arm presentation, in consequence of powerful uterine contractions forcing out the breech and feet, whilst the arm recedes. It is now usually considered to be a doubling of the foetus, so that the arm changes its position but little, whilst the breech is forcibly expelled before the upper extremity; —the case becoming similar to a breech presen- tation. Evolution, Vesicle of, Vesicle of develop- ment. EVOMITIO, Vomiting. EVONYMUS, Euonymus. EVUL'SION, Avulsion, Evul'sio, from evellere, (e. and vellere,) ' to pluck out.' Apotil'mos, Ec- til'mos, Tilmos. The action of plucking out; forcible extraction. (F. ) Arrachexnent. This word is oftener used by the French than by the English surgeons, for the act of extracting certain parts, the presence of which is injurious,—as the teeth, Ac. EX MARIBUS, Castrates. EXACERBATIO, Exacerbation, Paroxysm. EXACERBA'TION, Exacerba'tio, Exaspera'. tio, Excrescen'tia, from exacerbare, (ex, and acer- bus,) ' to provoke.' (F.) Redoublement. An in- crease in the symptoms of a disorder. Often used synonymously with paroxysm. EXACUM SPICATUM, Coutoubea alba, EX.EMATOSIS, Hasmatosis. EX.EMIA, Anasmia. EX.EMOS, Exanguious. EX^E'RESIS, from tf, 'out of/ and atptm, 'I take away.' A surgical operation, which consists in drawing, extracting, or removing, from the human body, every thing that is useless, noxious, or extraneous. It is a generic term, which in- cludes extraction, evulsion, evacuation, excision, ablation, amputation, Ac. Ex.s:resis, Extraction. EXAGION. The sixth part of an ounce:— four scruples.—Actuarius. EXAGGERATED, Exaggera'tus, (F.)Exagert. Heightened. Increased by expression. An epi- thet for sounds heard on auscultation and per- cussion; when much increased — Hypereche'sis, Hypereche'ma. EXAL'MA, from tf, out of/ and aXXopat, 'I leap.' Exalsis. Hippocrates calls thus the dis- placement of the vertebrae. EXALSIS, Exalma, Leap. EXALTA'TION OF THE VITAL FORCES, Exalta'tio vi'rium. This expression has been used, by modern pathologists, to designate a morbid increase in the action of organs, and partly that which occurs in an inflamed organ. Some use exaltation of the vital forces, and in- fiammation, synonymously. EXAMBLOMA, Abortion. EXAMBLOSIS, Abortion. EXAMEN 547 EXCITATION EX^AMEN RIGORO'SUM. 'Rigorous exa- mination.' An examination of a Candidate for the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the Prussian Universities, which, like the Tentamen medicum, is conducted in Latin, and takes place before the medical faculty on all branches of medicine. EXANASTOMOSIS, Anastomosis. EXANASTROPHE, Convalescence. EXANGI'A, from tfayytfa, (t!-, and ayyog, 'a vessel,') 'I evacuate from a vessel.' Exangei'a. An enlargement or rupture of a blood-vessel, without external owning. A genus in the order Dysthetica, class Hmmatica of Good. It com- prises aneurism and varix. Exangia Aneurisma, Aneurism. EXAN'GUIOUS, Exa'mos, Exsan'guis, from ex, out of,' and sanguis, 'blood.' One who seems bloodless ; as a female, who has suffered largely from uterine hemorrhage. EXANIA, Proctocele. EXANIMA'TION, Exanima'tio, from ex, 'out of,' and anima, ' the spirit.' This word has two acceptations. Sometimes, it means real death, eorresponding with the Greek Savarog, mors. At others, it signifies apparent death, corresponding with the Greek a^vxia, txtpvxta, txXvatg, Ani'mi jdeli' qui urn. EXAN'THEM, Exanthe'ma, Anthe'maerup'tio, Epanthe'ma, Efflorescen'tia, Exanthis'ma, Ecthy'- ma. Epanaete'ma, Epanthe'ma, Epanthie'ma, Ef- flora'tio, from t^avStto, (t%,andavdtot,) 'I flourish.' A rash. (F.) Elevure. Under this term, is com- prehended, by some, every kind of eruption, of -which the skin is the seat Others comprehend by it those eruptions that are accompanied by fever, Febres exanthemalica: including, under the head of the major exanthemata, those which Attack a person but once in his life, and which are communicated by specific contagion ; and, under the minor exanthemata, those which are not marked by these characteristics. Small-pox, measles, cow-pox, Ac, belong to the major:— chicken-pox, herpes, lichen, Ac, to the minor. The general acceptation of Exanthem is, how- ever, a more or less vivid, circumscribed, or dif- fuse redness of the skin, which diminishes or disappears transiently under the pressure of the linger. Exanthem, Carbuncular, Anthracia—e. Icho- rous, Emphlysis — e. Pustulous, Empyesis — e. Rash, Enanthesis. " EXANTHEMA, Eminence—e. Internum, Eis- anthema. Exanthe'ma Iod'icum. An eruption of dark- red definite spots, of various sizes, spreading over the whole body, without the formation of scales, and disappearing only after a long time, which .seems to be produced occasionally by the use of iodine. Exanthema Miliaria, Miliary fever—e. Pes- tis, Plague,—e. Antivariolosum, Vaccina—e. Se- rosum, Pemphigus—e. Strophulus, Strophulus— ,e. Urticatum, Urticaria—e. Vaccina, Vaccina—e. Varicella, Varicella. EXANTHEMAT'ICA. Same etymon. Erup'- tive fevers. Cutaneous eruptions, essentially ac- companied with fever; — the third order in the •Class Hamatica of Good. EXANTHEMATIS'CHESIS, Exanthematos'- chesis, from t^avOnpa, 'exanthem/ and io-^eiv, 'to withhold.' Suppression of a cutaneous eruption. EXANTHEM ATOL'OGY,Exanthematolog"ia, from tfavOnpa, 'exanthem,' and Xoyog, 'a dis- course.' The doctrine of cutaneous eruptions. EXANTHEMATOPHTHAL'MIA,0/>fctWm'- ia exanthemal ica, from t^avdnpa, ' exanthem,' and oipQaXiiia, 'inflammation of the eye.' Oph- thalmia in the course of, or succeeding to, a cu- taneous eruption. EXANTHE31E INTESTINALE, see Ty- phus. EXANTHESIS, see Efflorescence—e. Arthro- sia, Dengue, — e. Roseola, Roseola—e. Rubeola, Rubeola. EXANTHISMA, Exanthem. EXANTHROPIA, Misanthropia. EXAPSIS, Inflammation. EXARAG'MA, from t^apacau, 'I tear away/ ' I break.' Collision, violent fracture or friction. EXARCHIA'TER. Chief of the archiatri or chief of physicians, a title, like that of Comes Ar- chiatro'rum, given to the chief physician of an emperor or king. Archiater appears to have meant, at times, the same thing. EXARMA, Swelling. EXAR'SIO. A burning heat. EXARTEMA, Amuletum. EXARTERI'TIS, Exarterii'tis, from t$, 'out of,' and arteria, 'an artery.' Inflammation of the outer coat of an artery. EXARTHREMA, Luxation, Sprain. EXARTHROMA, Luxation. EXARTHROSIS, Luxatio, Sprain—e. Pareti- ca, see Pareticus. EXARTICULATIO, Amputation, joint, Luxatio. EXARYSIS, Exhaustion. EXASPIRATIO, Exacerbation. EXCECARIA AGALLOCHA, Agallochum. EXCALEFACTIO, Echauffement. EXCARNA'TION, Excarna'tio, from ex, and caro, 'flesh.' A mode of making anatomical pre- parations, which consists in separating injected vessels from the parts in which they are situate. This is done by means of corrosion by an acid or by putrefaction. EXCASTRATIO, Castration, Eunuch. EXCATHISMA, Bath, half, Semicupium. EXCEREBRATIO, Eccephalosis. EXCEREBRATUS, Delirious. EXCERNENT, Secreting. EXCIDENTIA, Ecptoma. EXCIP'IENT, Excip'iens, from excipere, (ex, and eapere,) 'to receive.' (F.) Interxnide. A substance, which, in a medicinal prescription, gives form and consistence to it, and serves as a vehicle or medium for the exhibition of the other ingredients. EXCIPULA, Cup. EXCISIO, Entaille. EXCIS'ION, Excia'io, from excidere, (ex, and cmdere,) 'to cut off.' Ec'tome. A surgical opera- tion, by which parts of a small size are removed with a cutting instrument. EXCITABIL'ITY, Excitobilitas. Irritability. The faculty, possessed by living beings, of being sensible to the action of excitants. The doctrine of excitability forms an important part of the Brunonian svstem. EXCITANT, Stimulant. EXCITA'TION, Excita'tio, Exdte'mexrt; sarse etymon; from excitare, (ex, and citare,) 'to ex- cite.' The act of exciting; the state of an organ or organs excited. Excitement is, sometimes, used synonymously with augmented arterial action. The effect of the exciting powers acting on the excitability, according to Brown, consti- tutes excitement. Cullen used the term to express the restoration of the energy and action of the brain, which had been interrupted by sleep or some debilitating cause,—a state opposite to that of collapse. Not unfrequently it is employed in the sense of excessive action, — Super-excita'tio (F.) Sur-excitation. EXCITED DISEASES 341 EXCITED DISEASES, Feigned diseases. EXCITO-MOTION, see Excito-motory. EXCI'TO-MO'TORY. An epithet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to a division of the nervous system—comprising the gray matter of the spinal marrow, with the afferent and efferent nerves con- nected with it; — all of which are concerned in reflex actions; or those by which impressions are transmitted to a centre, and reflected so as to ' produce muscular contraction without sensation or volition. See Nerves. The term excito-motion has also been employed to signify motion no matter how excited, by the reflex nerves or by volition—C. J. B. Williams. EXCORIATIO, Ecdora. EXCORIA'TION, Excoria'tio, Excoriatxlra, Am'yche, from ex, and corium, 'skin.' (F.) Ecor- chure. A slight wound, which removes only the skin. EXCORIATURA, Excoriation. EXCREA'TION, Excrea'tio, Exscrea'tio, Screa'tus, Rasca'tio, from ex, and screare, 'to spit' Act of spitting. (F.) Orachement. See Exspuitio. EX'CREMENT, Excremon'turn, Retrimen'tum, Excre'tum, Excre'tio, Perito'ma, Diachore'ma, Aph'odos, Aphodeu'ma, Apocho'reon, Apoc'risis, Ardas, Ar'dalos, from excernere, (ex, and cernere,) 'to separate,' 'cleanse.' Every tbing, which is eva- cuated from the body of an animal by the natural emunctories, as superfluous; such as the faecal matters, the urine, perspiration, nasal mucus, Ac. Generally, however, the term is restricted to the faecal evacuations ;—t-Purgamenta, Hedra, Sedes, Faces, Stercus, Cacce, Spat'ile, (especially when liquid,) Dejec'tio alvi'no, O'nera alvi, Sordes ven- tris, Hypochore'ma, Coz'lia, Hypochore'sis, Merda, 3Ierdus, Catax-rhex'is, Gopros, Scor. Excrement, Human, Stercus humanum. EXCREMENTIT"IAL, Excremexttil'ious, Ex- crementit"ius, (F.) Excrementeux, Excrementitiel. That which is similar to excrement, and forms part of it. Excrementitial humours or parts are those destined to be evacuated as incapable of administering to the nutrition of the body. EXCREMEN'TO-RECREMENTIT"IAL,£'a;- eremento - recrementit"ious. Animal fluids, in- tended to be partly absorbed and partly rejected. EXCRES'CENCE, Excrescen'tia, Ecphy'ma, Phymato'sis, Hyperaarco'ais, Sarcophy'ia, Caro excres'cens, from excrescere, (ex, and creacere,) 'to grow outwards.' (F.) Excroissance. A tu- mour, which forms at the surface of organs, and especially on the skin, mucous membranes, or ulcerated surfaces. Excrescences differ in size, shape, cause, Ac, and each requires its own treatment. Warts, condylomata, polypi, hemor- rhoids, belong to this head. EXCRESCENTIA, Exacerbation, Protube- rance, Tumour — e. Carnosa, Sarcoma — e. Fun- gosa, Fungosity—e. Gingivae, Epulis—e. Vesicae urinarias carnosa, Cysthypersarcosis. EXCRETA, see Excretion. EXCRETIO, Excretion, Excrement— e. Alvi- na, Defecation—e. Fascum alvinarum, Defecation —e. Urinae involuntaria, Enuresis. EXCRE'TIOX, Excre'tio, Ec'crisis, Evacua'- tic, Ejec'tio, Expul'sio, Eges'tio, Diachore'sis, from excernere, (ex, and cernere,) 'to separate.' The separation or throwing off of those matters, Excre'ta, Eges'ta, Ion'ta, Apiorlta, from the body of an animal, which are supposed to be useless, as the urine, perspiration, and faeces. EX'CRETORY, Excreto'rius; same etymon. An Excretory vessel or duet is one which trans- mits the fluid secreted by a gland, either exter- nally or into the reservoirs into which it has to be deposited. The existence of an excretory 8 EXFOLIATIVE duct was regarded as a distinctive character of the glands properly so called. Excretory Organ means any one charged with the office of excreting: thus, the skin is said to be an excretory organ, because through it the perspiration takes place. EXCRETUM, Excrement. EXCROISSANCE, Excrescence. EXCU'TIA VENTRIC'ULI, Stomach Rrush. An instrument, composed of iron or brass wire, at one of the extremities of which is a pencil of bristles. Some ancient authors proposed this to extract foreign bodies fronfl the oesophagus, as well as to cleanse the stomach of viscid and tena- cious matters adhering to it. EXECHEBRONCHUS, Bronchocele. EXECIIEGLUTI, Exischioi. EXEDEXS, see Herpes exedens. EXELCOSIS, see Ulceration. EXELCYS'MOS, from £?, 'from/ and tXxvto, 'I draw.' Extraction. Also the act of breaking out into ulcers. EXELCYSMUS, Extraction. EXENTERATION, Exenterismus. EXENTERIS'MUS, Exenter'ieie, Exentera'. tio, Exenteration, Eviscera'tion, Uvbow'ellivg, Viscera'tion, from tf, ' out of/ and tvrtpov, ' an intestine.' The operation of disembowelling or eviscerating. EXERA'MA, from t^tpaia, ' I throw out' Any thing cast out. Vomiting; or the matter vomited. —Hippocrates. EX'ERCISE, Exercita'tio, Exercit"ixim, Asce'- eia, Gymna'aion, from exercere, 'to work.' Every motion of the body arising from the contraction of muscles subjected to the will. Also, the action of any organ whatever. Exercise may be active or paaeive. The passive are referred to, under the head of Gestation. The chief active exer- cises are:—walking, running, dancing, hunting, fencing, playing at ball, cricket, racket, quoits, swimming, declamation, singing, Ac. Exercise is an important prophylactic, particularly for those disposed to be plethoric. It improves the digestion; augments the secretions; and, when used in moderation, gives strength to the body; but when carried to excess, produces debility and disease EXERRHO'SIS, from £|, 'out of/ and ptw, 'I flow.' The discharge which takes place by in- sensible perspiration. EXFffiTATION, see Pregnancy. EXFOLIA'TION, Exfolia'tio, Deequama'lio, Eclep'iaia, from ex, and folium, 'a leaf.' By this is meant the separation of the dead portions of a bone, tendon, aponeurosis, or cartilage, under the form of lamellae or small scales. Exfoliation is accomplished by the instinctive action of the parts, and its object is to detach the dead por- tions from those subjacent, which are still alive. For this purpose the latter throw out fleshy gra- nulations, and a more or less abundant suppura- tion occurs, which tends to separate the exfoli- ated part,—now become an extraneous body. The ancients distinguished exfoliation into sensi- ble and inaeneible, according as the dead portions of bone were detached in fragments of greater or less size, or in very thin pieces, and in an almost insensible manner. When the dead part em- braces all or almost all the substance of a bone, it takes the name Sequestrum. EXFO'LIATIVE, Exfoliativa, Desquamato'. rixis. That which takes away by leaves or scales. The torm has been applied to certain medicines, which were regarded as proper to hasten exfo- liation, such as alcohol, oil of turpentine, tincture of myrrh, Ac. Exfoliative Trepan, Eclepisitrep'anum. An EXHALAISON 31 ancient raspatory, or instrument for scraping ex- foliating portions of bone. EXHALAISON, Exhalation. EXHA'LANT, Exha'lent, Exha'lans, from ex- halare, (ex, and halare, 'to breathe/) 'to exhale/ 'throw out' Exhalant Vessels, Vasa exhalan'tia, are very minute, and rise from the arterial capillary system. They are situate in every tissue of the body, and on the surface of the mucous and se- rous membranes and skin; on which each pours its particular fluid. Bichat distinguished three sets. 1. The external, terminating on the mucous and external dermoid system, where they pour the matter of perspiration. 2. The internal, com- prising those of the areolar and medullary tis- sues, and of synovial surfaces; and, 3. The nutri- tive exhalants, which vary in each organ where they are found, and preside over the phenomena of composition and increase of every part of the body. The exhalants are the antagonists of the absorbents. They are imaginary vessels, inas- much as they cannot be detected. EXHALATIO, Evaporation. EXHALA'TION, Exhala'tio ; same etymon. Anathymi'asis, Apopneu'sis, (F.) Exhalaison. A function, by virtue of which certain fluids, ob- tained from the blood, are spread, in the form of dew, in the areolae of the different textures, or at the surface of membranes ; either for the sake of being thrown out of the body, or to serve certain purposes. The sweat is a liquid, excrementitious exhalation; the serous fluid of the pleura, a liquid, recrementitious exhalation. Exhalation is, also, applied to that which ex- hales from any body whatever, organic or inor- ganic, dead or living. Exhalation, Pulmonary, see Perspiration. EXHAUS'TION, Exar'ysis, Vires exhaust'a, from exhaurire, (ex, and haurire,) ' to draw out.' (F.) Epuissement. Loss of strength, occasioned by excessive evacuations, great fatigue or priva- tion of food, or by disease. EXHIL'ARANT, Exhilarans, from ex, and hilaro, ' I make merry.' An agent that exhila- rates or enlivens. EXHUMA'TION, Exhuma'tio, Effos'sio, from ex, and humus, 'the ground.' The disinterment of a corpse. The circumstances which render this necessary are: — 1. Judicial investigations relative to the body of the person inhumed. 2. The removal of a body from one cemetery to another; and, 3. The evacuation of cemeteries or sepulchral vaults. The operation is attended with much unpleasant smell and annoyance, and requires the use of disinfecting agents, of which the most powerful is chlorinated lime. See Dis- infection. The putrid effluvia from animal sub- stances are not, however, found to excite endemic EXIDIA AURICULA JUD.E, Peziza auricula. EXISCHIUM. Same etymon as the next. Prominence of the hips. EXIS'CHIUS, Exis'chus, from tl, 'out of,' and taxiov> 'the ischium.' A luxation of the os femoris. Those with large nates, and prominent hips, were formerly called Exis'chioi and Exeche- glu'ti. EXITU'RA. According to some, any abscess which discharges. Paracelsus calls thus every kind of putrid excrement EX'ITUS, from exire, 'to go out' The outer termination or exit of a canaL The termination of a disease. EXOARTERITIS, see Arteritis. EXOCARDIAC, see Endocardiac. EXOCARDIAL, see Endocardiac. EXOCARDITIS, Pericarditis. 9 EXOPHTHALMIA EX'OCHAS, Ex'oche, from £|w, 'without,' and e^oj, ' I have.' A soft tumour—as a hemorrhoid —without the anus. An outward pile. EXOCHE, Eminence, Exochas. EXOCHORION, see Chorion. EXOCOLITIS, see Colitis. EXOCULA'TIO, from ex, 'out of,' and oculus, ' an eye.' Want of eyes. Want of vision. Blind- ness. EXOCYS'TE, Exocys'tis, from t£, 'out of/ and xvang, ' the bladder.' A prolapsus of the bladder into the urethra. Also called Prolap'sus vesi'cm, JEdopto'sisved'ca, (F.) Renversement de la vessie. Exocys'te Noelia'na. Protrusion of the in- ner membrane of the bladder. So called from M. Noel, who first accurately described it. Exocys'te Solingenia'na. Protrusion of the neck of the bladder. Called after M. Solingen, who first accurately described it. EXGEDESIS, Swelling. EXODIC, Efferent. EXOG"ENOUS, from t£ 'out of,' and ytvvata, 'I engender.' A term first applied to plants— hence called Ex'ogens—in which the wood in- creases by annual additions to the outside. In animal anatomy, processes which shoot out from every part are termed exogenous. EXOGENS, see Exogenous. EXOGOGE, Extraction. EXOGONYAN'CON, from tfa, 'outwards,' yow, ' the knee/ and ayxtov, ' an elbow.' Bowing of the knees outwards. EXOINE, Exohre, from ex, ' out of/ and ido- n.us, 'fit,' or rather from exonerare, 'to exone- rate.' In France, a certificate of excuse, exemp- tion, or dispensation, given to those summoned to appear before a court of justice, and who are unable to do so. EXOLCE, Extraction. EXOLUTION, Syncope. EXOMETRA, Prolapsus uteri. EXOMOIOSIS, Assimilation. EXOMPHALOCELE, Exomphalus. EXOM'PHALUS, Exumbilica'tio, Exom'pha- loce'le, Om'phaloce'le, Hernia umbilica'lis, Om- phalex'oche, Omphalopropto'sis, Prolap'axia umbi- lici, (F.) Hernie ombilicale, H. du nombril, Um- bilical hernia, from «f, ' out of/ and opipaXog, ' the navel.' Hernia occurring at the navel. This affection happens more frequently in infants, and takes place by the umbilical ring. In adults, it occurs more commonly in females than in males; and, when it does so, the sac passes in the vici- nity of the umbilicus. The organs, found in this kind of hernia, are particularly,—the epiploon, the jejunum, the arch of the colon, and some- times the stomach. The tumour is, in general, round, and presents all the characters of hernia. It is, commonly, readily reducible, and not sub- ject to strangulation. It must be reduced, and retained by an elastic bandage, made in the form of a girdle, and furnished with a pad at its middle part When strangulated, the stricture may be divided upwards and towards the left side. EXONCO'MA, Exonco'sis, from e|, and oyxog, 'a tumour.' A large, prominent tumour. Used, by Galen, for protuberance of the vertebras after luxation. EXONCOSIS, Exoncoma —e. Linguae, Gloj- soncus. EXONEIROGMUS, Pollution, nocturnal. EXONEIROSIS, Pollution, nocturnal. EXONEURISM, Magnetism, animal. EXOPHTHAL'MIA, Ptosis seu Prolap'sus seu Prociden'tia Oc'uli seu Pulbi Oculi, Exorbitis' - mus, Ophthalmoce'le, Ophthalmopto'sis, Oculi totius prominentia, from tf, ' out of/ and o. tempora'lis, from ex, and tempore, 'out of time.' Those prescriptions are called ' extemporaneous/ or 'magistral,' which are made on the spot, and composed according to tbe prescription of the physician. EXTENSEUR C03I3IUN DES DOIGTS, Extensor digitorum communis — e. Commun dea orteils, Extensor communis digitorum pedis — e. Court du Pouce, Extensor pollicis brevis—e. Long du pouce, Extensor longus pollicis — e. Petit des orteils, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis — e. Propre du petit doigt, Extensor proprius minimi digiti — e. Propre de VIndex, Extensor proprius indicis. EXTENSIBILITY, Extensibil'itos. A pro- perty, possessed by certain bodies, of being capable of extension or elongation. EXTENSIO, Extension, Tetanus. EXTEN'SION, Exten'sio, Tasis, Ec'tads, Ca- talans, Anal asis, from extender e, (ex, and ten~ dere,) 'to stretch out' An operation in surgery, in which either with the hands alone, or by straps, a fractured or luxated limb is pulled strongly, to restore it to its natural position. It is the op- posite of Counter-extension. EXTENSOR. Same etymon. (F.) Extenseur. A muscle, whose office is to extend certain parts. Extensor Brevis Digito'rum Fum$,,Ped'icii», Calcaneo-phalanginien commun, of Dumas; (F.) Muscle pedieux, 3fuscle petit extenseur des orteila, Calconeo-sus-phalangettien commun—(Ch.) Carri du pied; Short Extensor of the Toes. A muscle, situate on the dorsal region of the foot It arises from the external surface of the calcaneum, and at the anterior edge of a ligament, which unites that bone to the astragalus. Anteriorly, each of its divisions terminates by a small tendon, which is fixed successively, at the superior part of the posterior extremity of the first phalanx of the great toe, and to the second and last phalanges of the next three toes. Its use is to extend the first four toes, and to direct them a little outwards. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, see Radi- alis — e. Carpi radialis longus, see Radialis— e. Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital muscles. Extensor Commu'nis Digito'rum Pedis, E. Longus Digitorum Pedis, E. Digitorum longus, Peroneo-tibi-sus-phalangettien commxtxi, Ciemodac- tyla'us, Peroneo-sus-phalangettien commun, (F.) EXTENSOR Extenseur commun des Orteils. This muscle, also, is situate at the anterior part of the leg. It is long, thin, flattened, simple, and fleshy above, and divided into four tendons below. It arises from the outer tuberosity of the tibia and the an- terior surface of the fibula, and is inserted into the superior part of the posterior extremity of the second and third phalanges of the last four toes. It extends the three phalanges of these toes. Extensor Digito'rum Commu'nis, Extensor digitorum communis manus cum extenso're pro'- prio auricula'ris, Digito'rum Tensor; (F.) Epi- condylo-sits-phalangettien commun—(Ch.,)—Com- mon Extensor of the Fingers, Extenseur commun des Doigts. A long, flattened muscle; simple above, and divided into four portions inferiorly. It is situate at the posterior part of the forearm; arises from the external tuberosity of the hume- rus ; from the aponeurosis of the forearm, and from the aponeurotic septa situate between it and the neighbouring muscles, and is inserted at the posterior surface of the second and third pha- langes of the last four fingers. This muscle ex- tends the phalanges of the last four fingers upon each other, and upon the metacarpal bone. It can, also, extend the hand on the forearm. Extensor Digitorum Longus, E. communis digitorum pedis — e. Longus digitorum pedis, E. communis digitorum pedis—e. Proprius hallucis, E. proprius pollicis pedis—e. Indicis, E. proprius indicis—e. Internodii ossis pollicis, E. longus pol- licis — e. Primi internodii, Abductor longus pol- licis. Extensor Pol'licis Brevis, Exten'sor minor pol'licis xnaxiUs, E. primi ixiterno'dii, E. pol'licis prixnus, E. Secun'di interno'dii, (Douglas,) E. secun'di interno'dii ossis pol'licis; (F.) Cubito-sus- phalangien du pouce,—(Ch.,) Court extenaextr du pouce. Seated at the posterior and inferior part of the forearm. It is thin, long, and broader at its middle than at the extremities. It arises from the posterior surface of the ulna and the inter- osseous ligament, and is inserted behind the su- perior extremity of the first phalanx of the thumb. It extends the thumb, and aids in supi- nation. Extensor Pol'licis Longus ; Extensor major pol'licis manils, Extensor secun'di interxio'dii, Extenaor pollicia aecxm'dua, Extenaor ter'tii inter- no'dii (Douglas,) Extenaor interno'dii osais pol'- licis, (F.) Cubito-sus-phalangettein du pouce,— (Ch.,) Muscle long extenseur du pouce. This muscle is long, flat, and fusiform; and is seated at the posterior part of the forearm. It arises from the posterior surface of the ulna and the in- terosseous ligament, and is inserted at the pos- terior part of the superior extremity of the first phalanx of the thumb. It extends the last pha- lanx of the thumb upon the first. Extensor Pro'prius In'dicis, E.proprius pri- mi dig"iti manus, E. In'dicis, Indica'tor, Exten- sor secun'di interno'dii in'dicis pro'prius, (F.) Cu- bito-sus-pho.langettien de I'Index,—(Ch.,) Exten- seur propre de I'Index. This muscle is long and thin ; broader in the middle than at the extremi- ties; and is situate at the posterior part of the forearm. It arises from the posterior surface of the ulna, and is inserted at the posterior part of the upper extremity of the second and third pha- langes of the index-finger. It extends the three phalanges of the index-finger; and has, besides, the same uses as the other extremities of the lingers. Extensor Pro'prius Min'imi Dig"iti, (F.) Epicondylo-sus-phalongettien du petit doigt, — (Ch.,) Extenseur propre du petit doigt. Situate on 2 EXTRA the inside of the Extensor communis digito'rum. It arises from the external condyle of the os humeri and the aponeurotic septa seated between it, the extensor communis digitorum, and the extensor carpi ulnaris ; and is inserted into the last two phalanges of the little finger. Its use is to extend the little finger, and even the hand upon the forearm. • Extensor Pro'prius Pol'licis Pedis, E.pro- prius Hallucis, E. Longus (Douglas), E. pollicia longus, Peroneo-sus-phalangiexi du pouce, Peronfo- sus-phalangettien du pouce,—(Ch.) This muscle is situate at the anterior part of the leg. It is fleshy, broad, flat above; small and tendinous below. It arises from the anterior part of the middle third of the fibula, and is inserted into the posterior part of the superior extremity of the last phalanx of the great toe. It extends the last phalanx of the great toe upon the first, and the first upon the first metacarpal bone. Extensor Primi Internodii, E. pollicis brevia — e. Secundi internodii, E. pollicis brevis, Ex- tensor longus pollicis — e. Secundi internodii in- dicis proprius, E. proprius indicis—e. Tertii inter- nodii, E. longus pollicis—e. Tertii internodii indicis, Prior annularis — e. Tertii internodii mi- nimi digiti, Abductor minimi digiti — e. Ossis metacarpi pollicis mantis, Abductor longus pol- licis—e. Pollicis longus, E. proprius pollicis pedis —e. Pollicis secundus, E. longus pollicis—e. Mi- nor pollicis manus, E. pollicis brevis—e. Primua pollicis, Abductor longus pollicis. Extensor Tarsi Magnus, E. Tarsi sura'lia. A name given, by some anatomists, to the gas- trocnemius and soleus combined. Extensor Tarsi Minor, Plantar muscle. EXTENUATIO, Emaciation. EXTERGENTIA, Detergents. EXTER'NAL DISEASES, Extrin'sic Dis- eases, 3tox-bi extrin'seci, Surgical diseases, (F.) Maladies externes. Those diseases which occupy the surface of the body, and form the object of surgical pathology, requiring, generally, external means, or surgical operations. EXTERNA T. The post or office of an externe. EXTERNE, see House-surgeon. EXTERNUS AURIS, Laxator tympani—e. Mallei, Laxator tympani. EXTESTICULATUS, Castrates, Eunuch. EXTINCTIO, Death —e. Hydrargyri, Ex- tinction of Mercury — e. Mercurii, Extinction of Mercury. Extinctio Vocis, (F.) Extinction de voix. The French use this term for cases in which the voice is not wholly suppressed, but produces only fee- ble sounds :—Incomplete aphonia. EXTINCTION OF MER'CURY, Extinc'tio 3fercu'rii vel Hydrar'gyri. Trituration of mer- cury with lard or other substance, until the me- tallic globules disappear. The mercury is then so divided, that it forms a black powder, gene- rally considered to be a protoxide of mercury, but, perhaps, erroneously. EXTIRPATIO, Extirpation—e. Linguae, Glos- sosteresis—e. Testiculorum, Castratio. EXTIRPA'TION, Extirpa'tio, Exstirpa'iio, Abla'tio, Apha'resis, from extirpare, (ex, and stirps,) 'to root out' The complete removal or destruction of any part, either by cutting instru- ments or the action of caustics. Thus, we speak of the extirpation of cancer, polypus, encysted tumour, Ac. EXTOMIUS, Eunuch. EXTOZOA, Ectozoa. EXTOZOAIRES. Ectozoa, EXTOZOARIA, Ectozoa. EXTRA - PEL VIO - P UBI- TR 0 CHANT&- RIEN, Obturator externus. 35 EXTRACT 353 EXTRACTUM EXTRACT, Extractum — e. of Aconite, Ex- tractum aconiti—e. of Aconite, alcoholic, Extrac- tum aconiti alcoholicum — e. Alcoholic, see Ex- tractum— e. of Aloes, purified, Extractum aloes purificatum—e. of Bark, Extractum cinchonas— e. of Bark, resinoas, Extractum cinchonas resino- sum—e. of Belladonna, Extractum belladonnas— e. of Belladonna, alcoholic, Extractum belladon- nas alcoholicum — e. of Bittersweet, Extractum dulcamaras — e. of Broom-tops, Extractum cacu- minum genistas — e. of Butternut, Extractum ju- glandis — e. of Cascarilla, resinous, Extractum cascarillae resinosum — e. of Chamomile, E. an- themidis—e. of Cinchona, Extractum cinchonae— —e. of Colchicum, acetic, Extractum colchici aceti- cum — e. of Colocynth, Extractum colocynthidis e. of Colocynth, compound, Extractum colocyn- thidis compositum — e. of Cubebs, fluid, Extrac- tum cubebas fluidum—e. of Dandelion, Extractum taraxaci—e. of Elaterium, Extractum elaterii—e. of Ergot, Ergotin—e. Ethereal, see Extractum— e. of Gentian, Extractum gentianas —e. of Hem- lock, Extractum cicutte — e. of Hellebore, black, Extractum hellebori — e. of Hemlock, alcoholic, Extractum conii alcoholicum — e. of Henbane, Extractum hyoscyami—e. of Henbane, alcoholic, Extractum hyoscyami alcoholicum — e. of Hops, Extractum humuli—e. of Jalap, Extractum jala- pae — e. of Lettuce, Extractum lactucas — e. of Liquorice, Extractum glycyrrhizas — e. of Log- wood, Extractum hasmatoxyli — e. of Mayapple, Extractum podophylli—e. of Meat, saponaceous, Osmazome — e. of Oak-bark, Extractum corticis quercus—e. of white Poppy, Extractum papave- ris — e. of Quassia, Extractum quassias — e. of Quinia, Extractum quinias — e. of Rhatany, Ex- tractum kramerias — e. of Rhubarb, Extractum rhei — e. of Rhubarb, fluid, Extractum rhei flui- dum— e. of Rue, Extractum rutae — e. of Sarsa- parilla, Extractum sarsaparillas—e. of Sarsaparil- la, fluid, Extractum sarsaparillae fluidum — e. of Savine, Extractum foliorum sabinae—e. of Senna, fluid, Extractum sennas fluidum — e. of Spige- lia and Senna, Extractum spigelias et sennae—e. of Stramonium, Extractum stramonii—e. of Va- lerian, Extractum Valerianae — e. of Wormwood, Extractum cacuminum absinthii. EXTRA CTIF, Extractive. EXTRACTION, Extrac'tio, Exm'resis, Ex- ogo'ge, Exolci, Exelcys'mus, Enchylo'sia, from extrahere, (ex, and trahere,) 'to draw out' The act of removing an extraneous substance from any part of the body. Thus, a splinter is said to be extracted. It is, also, applied to the removal of certain parts. The cataract is said to be ex- tracted : a tooth is extracted, when carious, Ac. EXTRACTIVE, (F.) Extractif. Same ety- mon. A peculiar, immediate principle, which has been admitted in extracts. Thus, bitter extractive is the immediate principle of bitter vegetables, Ac EXTRACTUM, Extract, Ecchylo'ma, ( F. ) Extrait. An extract is prepared by evaporating vegetable solutions, till a tenacious mass is ob- tained. When prepared from an infusion or de- coction, it is called a watery, — from ether, an ethereal,—and from alcohol, an alcoholic or a spi- rituous extract. Both kinds contain all the prin- ciples of the vegetable, that are soluble in the menstrua with which they are prepared; but the volatile parts are dissipated, and some of the fixed parts are decomposed; the proper extrac- tive is oxygenized, and tbe virtues of the vege- table substance consequently altered or destroyed. Extracts are hard, soft, or fluid : the consistence of the soft being such as to retain tbe pilular form without the addition of a powder. A patent was taken out many years ago, bv a Mr. Barry, ! 23 of London, for preparing them in vacuo; and, aa the temperature is much lower than in the ordi- nary method, the virtues of the plant are less altered, and the extracts are generally green. Extracts are also prepared by displacement or percolation. They have, likewise, received dif- ferent names, according to their predominant principle. The gummy or mucous, or mucilaginous, are those which are mainly composed of gum or mucilage. Gum tragacanth may be considered a pure gummy extract. Gelatinous extracts are those composed especially of gelatin; resinous extracts, those of a resinous character; extracto- resinous, those composed of extractive or colour- ing matter and resin; gum-resinous, those con- taining gum and resin; and sapona'ceous or sapona'ceous saline, those containing a notable quantity of saline substances and a resinous mat- ter, so combined with mucus and other soluble substances, that they cannot be separated. Extractum Absin'thii Cacu'minum, Extract of Wormxoood. (A decoction defecated and eva- porated.) The flavour is dissipated along with the essential oil. It is a bitter tonic. Dose, gr. x to ^jj in pill. Extractum Aconi'ti, Extract of Aconite, Suc- cus spisso'tus aconiti xiapelli, (from the insjrissated juice without defecation.) It is esteemed to be narcotic and diuretic; and has been given in the cases referred to under Aconitum. Dose, gr. j, gradually increasing it Extractum Aconi'ti Alcohol'icujt, Alcoholic Extract of Aconite. (Aconit. in pulv. crass. Ibj ; Alcohol, dilttt. Oiv. Moisten the aconite with half a pint of diluted alcohol: let it stand for 21 hours: transfer it to a displacement apparatus, and gradually add the remainder of the diluted alcohol. When the last portion of this has pene- trated the aconite, pour in from time to time water sufficient to keep the powder covered. Stop the filtration when the liquid which passes begins to produce a precipitate, as it falls, in that which has already passed. Distil off the alcohol, and evaporate to a proper consistence.— Ph. U. S.) Extractum Al'oes Purifica'tum, Pn'rifled extract of aloes. (The gummy part extracted by boiling xvater, defecated and insjrissated.) Dose, gr. v to gr. xv. Extractum Anthem'idis, E. anthemidis no'- bilis, E. chamame'li, E. florum chamame'li, Ex- tract of Cham'oxnile. The volatile oil is dissipated in this preparation. It is a pure, grateful bitter, and is tonic and stomachic. Dose, gr. x to gr. xx, in pills. Extractum Asparagi, see Asparagus. Extractum Belladon'n.k, Succus spisso'tus at'ropa belladon'na, Extract of Pel la don'no, (an expressed juice inspissated.) Properties same as those of the plant Dose, gr. J, gradually increased. It dilates the pupil when applied to the eye. Extractum Belladonna Alcohol'icum, Al- coholic extract of Pelladonna. (Prepared like the extractum aconiti alcoholicum.—Ph. U. S.) Extractum Cannabis, see Bangue. Extractum Cascaril'la Resino'sum, Rce'- inoua extract of cascaril'la. (Cort. cascarilla, in pulv. crass. It)j ; Sp. vini rect. Ibiv. Digest for four days; then decant and strain; boil the resi duum in ten pints of water to two; filter and evaporate the decoction, and distil the tincture in a retort, till both are thickened ; then mix and evaporate to a pilular consistence.) Dose, gr. x to gr. xx, in pills. Extractum Catharticum, E. Colocynthidis compositum—e. Catechu, Catechu — e. Chamai- mel'i, E. Anthemidis—e. Cicuta:, E Conii. EXTRACTUM 354 EXTRACTUM Extractum Cathol'icum, (F.) Extrait Catho- lique. This epithet is given to pills composed of aloes, black hellebore, and colocynth, resin of jalap, and scammony. See, also, Extractum co- locynthidis compositum. Extractum Cincho'sta, Extract of Cincho'na, E- Cor'ticia Peruvia'ni, E. Cincho'tia Molle, E. of Bark. (A decoction evaporated.) The active principles are similar to those of the bark in substance; but it is not so effectual — owing to the chytnical change induced in the drug during the boiling. When reduced, by drying, to a state fit for being powdered, it is called the Hard Ex- tract of Rark, Extrac'tum Cor'tieis Peruvia'ni durum, E. Cincho'na durum. Dose, gr. x to 5SS- Extractum Cinchona Resino'sum, E. Cin- chona lancifo'lia, E. Cinchona Rubra resino'• nam, Res'inons Extract of Park, E. Cincho'na Resi'nm. The aqueo-spirituous extract contains both the extractive and resin of the bark. Dose, gr. x to xxx. Extractum Cinchona of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, (1842,) is directed to be pre- pared as follows : — Peruvian Park, in coarse powder, Ibj; Alcohol, Oiv; Water, a sufficient quantity. Macerate the Peruvian bark with the alcohol for feur days; then filter by a displace- ment apparatus, and when the liquid ceases to pass, pour gradually >on the bark water sufficient ta keep its surface covered. When the filtered tincture measures four pints, set it aside, and proceed with the filtration until six pints of infu- sion are obtained. Distil off the alcohol from the tincture and evaporate the infusion till the liquids are respectively brought to the consistence of thin honey; then mix aud evaporate to form an ex- tract—Ph. U. S. Extrac'tum Col'chici Ace'ticum, Ace'tous or Ace'tic Extract of Colchicum. (Colehic rod. in pulv- crass. Ibj, Acid. acet. fj;iv, Aqua q. s. 'To the acid add a pint of water, and mix this with the root. Put the mixture in a percolator, and pour on water until the liquid that passes has little or no taste. Evaporate to a proper consist- ence. Ph. U. S.») Dose, gr. j to gr. iij. Extractum Colocyn'thidis, Extract of Col'o- cyuth. A cathartic, in the dose of from gr. v to £ss. Extractum Colocyn'tkidis Compos'itum, Ex- t/actum Cathar'ticum, E. Cathol'icutn, E. Qu-er- ceta'ni, Compound Extract of Colocynth. {Colo- cynth. pulp, concis. ^vj, Aloes pulv. Sxij, Scarn- mon. pulv. .^iv, Cardamom, pulv. gj, Saponis ^iij, Alcohol, dibit, cong. Macerate the pulp in the spirit at a gentle heat for four days; strain: add the aloes and scammony; then distil off the spirit and mix in tiie cardamom seeds. Ph. U. S.) It is a powerful cathartic, and is used in obstinate visceral obstructions, Ac. Dose, gr. vj to %±z. Extractum Coxi'i, E. Cicu'ta, Succus cicuta bpissa'tus, Extract of Hemlock, Succus spissatrts conii macula'ti. (Expressed juice inspissated without defecation.*) Employed in the same cases as the conium. Dose, gr. iij to ^j- Extractum Conii Alcohol'icum, Alcoholic Extract of Hemlock. (Prepared like the Ex- tractum aconiti alcoholicum.—Ph. U. S.) Extractum Convolvuli Jalapa, E. jalapse— e. Corticis Peruviani, E. Cinchonas. Extract'um Cubeb'a Flu'idum, Fluid Ex- tract of Cube.be. (Cubebs exhausted by ether through percolation, and the solution evaporated. Ph. U. S.) Extractum Dulcama'ra, Extract of Ritter- tweet. i Prepared by displacement from bitter- iweet in coarse powder.—Ph. U. -S.) Extractum Elate'rii, Elate" ritmu. Extract of Elaterium. (The fecula of the expressed juice.) It is violently cathartic, hydragogue, and some- times emetic. Dose, gr. ss. every hour till it operates. Extractum Ergota, Ergotin. Extractum Genis'ta Cacu'minum, Extract of Broom Tops. Diuretic and stomachic. Dose, 3SS t0 Zh Extractum Gentia'na, Ext. Gentia'na lu'tea, Ext. Radlcis Gentia'na, Extract of Gen'tian. (The evaporated decoction.) Prepared also by displacement — Ph. U. S.) Properties like those -of Gentian. Dose, gr. x to 5Jss. Extractum Glycyrrhi'za ; Extract of Li- quorice, Succus Glycyrrhi'za inspissa'tus, Succus Liquiril'im. {The evaporated decoction.) It is •demulcent, taken ad libitum. Refined Liquorice, which is sold in the form •of cylinders, is made by gently evaporating a solution of the pure extract of liquorice with half its weight of gum Arabic, .rolling the mass and .cutting it into lengths, and then polishing, by rolling them together in a box. Extrac'tum Gram'inis, 'Extract of Grass.' An extract prepared from Triticum repens. It ia considered by the Germans to be a mild tonic; and is greatly used, especially in convalescence from fever. It is probably devoid of all injurious properties, and as probably totally inefficacious. Extractum Hamatox'yli, E. Hmmatox'yli Campeehi Sacchar. §xij, Alcohol, dibit. Oviij. Macerate, with the exception of the sugar, for 14 days; express and filter; evaporate to i^xij; and add the sugar. Ph. U. S.) Extractum Saturni, Goulard's, Liquor plumbi subacetatis—e. Scobis hasmatoxyli, E. hasmatoxyli. Extractum Senna flu'idum, Fluid Extract of Senna. (Sennm in pulv. crass. Ibijss ; Sac- char. ,^xx; Ol. Fieniextl. f£Jj ," Sp. jEther. com- pos, fgij ; Alcohol, dilut. Oiv. Mix the ser.na and diluted alcohol; let the mixture stand for 21 hours; put it into a percolator, and gradually pour on water mixed with one third its bulk of alcohol, until a gallon and a half of liquid shall have passed; evaporate to f^xx; add the sugar, and, when it is dissolved, the compound spirit of ether, holding the oil in solution. Extractum Spige'lia et Senna flu'idum, Fluid Extract of Spigelia and Senna. (Spigel. in pulv. crass. Ibj; Senna in pulv. crass, ^vj; Sacchar. Ibiss; Potass, carbon, gvj ; 01. Garni, Ol. Anisi, aa f^ss > Alcohol, dibit, q. s. Pour on the spigelia and senna Oij of diluted alcohol; let it stand for 48 hours ; place it in a percolator, and pour on gradually diluted alcohol until half a gallon has passed: evaporate to a pint; add the carbonate of potassa; and afterwards the sugar, previously triturated with the oils, and dissolve. Ph. U. S.) Extractum Stramo'nii, E. Stramo'nii folio - rum, Extract of Stramo'nium, Extract of Stramc. nium leaves. (The expressed juice inspissated.) The Extractum Stramonii Sem'inis, Extract of Stramonium Seed, is made from the powdered seed by means of diluted alcohol, and with the aid of the percolator ;—the solution being evapo- rated. Ph. U. S. Used as a narcotic in asthma and other spasmodic affections. Dose, gr.ij to gr.x. Extractum Tarax'aci, Ext. Herba et Radi'- cis Tarax'aci, Extract of Dandelion. (The strained juice evaporated.) It has been consi- dered deobstruent, laxative, and diuretic. Dose, gr. x to 3j. Extractum Thebaicum, E. Opii. Extractum Valeria'na, Extract of Vale'- rian. (An expressed decoction evaporated.) The virtues of the valerian being dependent upon its essential oil, this is an objectionable preparation. Dose, gr. x to £j. A fluid extract of Valerian, Extractum Vale- ria'nm flu'idum, has been introduced into the last edition of the Pharmacopoeia U. S. (1851). It is prepared by exhausting the valerian by ether and alcohol, through the percolator, and evaporating. There are some other extracts in the American and other Pharmacopoeias, but they are prepared in the ordinary mode, and possess merely the virtues of the plants. They are besides, gene- rally, of an unimportant character. EXTRAIT, Extract—e. Alcoholique de noix vomique, see Strychnos nux vomica—e. des Fruits, Rob—e. Hemostatiqtie de Ronjean, Ergotin. EXTRA'NEOUS BODY, from extra, 'with- out' Corpus extra'neum, C. exter'num, C. a/ie'- num, (F.) Corps etranger. Any solid, liquid, or gaseous substance, inanimate or animate, pro- ceeding from without, or formed in the body; and wbieh constitutes no part of the body, but occupies, in the substance of the textures, or soma of the cavities, a place foreign to it. EXTRAVASATION 356 FACE EXTRAVASA'TION, Extravasa'tio, from ex- tra, ' out of,' and vasa, ' vessels.' Escape of a fluid—e.rtravasa'tum—from the vessel contain- ing it, and infiltration or effusion of the fluid into the surrounding textures. EXTRAVASATUM, see Extravasatio. EXTREM'ITY", Extrem'itas; from extremus, ' the outermost;' the end or termination of a thing. The limbs, acrote'ria, have been so called, — as the upper and lower extremities. It has been, also, used to express the last moments of life; as when we say, a patient is in ' extremity,' (F.) le malade est d I'extremitS, d toute extrimiti. See Membrum. EXTRIN'SIC, Extrin'secus. That which comes from without. This term has been used for mus- cles, which surround certain organs and attach them to the neighbouring parts; in order to dis- tinguish them from other muscles, which enter into the intimate composition of these organs, and which have been named intrinsic Thus, •here are extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue, ear, Ac. EXTROVERSIO, Exstrophia. EXTUBERANTIA, Protuberance. EXTUBERATIO, Protuberance. EXTUMEFACTIO, Swelling. EXTUS'SIO, from ex, and tussis, 'a cough.' ' I cough with expectoration.' EXU'BER, from ex, 'out of/ 'devoid of/ and ubera, ' breasts ;' Apogalac'tos. ' A child which has been weaned.' EXUDATION CORPUSCLES, see Corpus- cles, exudation. EXULCERATIO, Ecthlimma, Ulceration—e. Uteri, Hysterelcosis — e. Ventriculi, Gastrelcosis. EXUMBILICATIO, Exomphalos. EXUSTIO, Cauterization. EXUTORIUM, Fonticulus. EXUTORY, Fonticulus. EYTE, Sax. eas, Teuton. Auge, 0'cuius, Ops, Ornma, Ophthal'mos, Illos, Op'tilos (Doric,) Vi- eo'riurn Org'anum, (F.) CEil. The eye is the im- mediate organ of vision. It is seated in the orbit, while its dependencies, called by Haller Tut am'- ina Oc'uli, occupy the circumference of the ca- vity, and are composed of the eyebrows, the eye- lids, cilia, glands of Meibomius, Ac. The Pall, Globe, or Rtdb of the Eye, Bulbus Oc'uli, is co- vered anteriorly by the tunica conjunctiva; is moved by six muscles, four straight, two oblique, and is constituted, of membranes, as the sclerotic, cornea, choroid, tunica Jacobi, retina, iris, hya- loid, and, in the foetus, the membrana papillaris; and of fluids, called Humours, or Media, — the aqueous, crystalline, and vitreous. The eyeball is invested with a membranous tunic, which sepa- rates it from the other structures of the orbit, and forms a smooth, hollow surface, by which its mo- tions are facilitated. This investment has been FABa, Phaseolus, Vicia faba — f. JEgyptiaca, Nymphasa nelumbo — f. Cathartica, Jatropha curcas — f. Crassa, Sedum telephium — f. Febri- fuga, Ignatia amara—f. Graeca, Diospyros lotus — f. Indica, Ignatia amara — f. Major, Vicia faba — f. Pechurei, Tetranthera Pechurim — f. Pechurim, Tetranthera. pechurim — f. Purgatrix, Ricinus communis — f. Sancti Ignatii, Ignatia •irnara — f. Suilla, Hyoscyamus — f. Vulgaris, Vicia faba. called cellular capsule of the eye, oc'nlar capsule, tu'xiica vagina'lis oc'uli, vag"inal coat, and sub- mus'cular fascia of the eye. The vessels of the eye proceed from the ophthalmic artery. The nerves, except the optic, are chiefly furnished from the ophthalmic ganglion. The following are the dimensions, Ac, of the organ, on the au- thority of Petit, Young, Gordon, and Brewster: Length of the antero-posterior diameter of the eye,..............................0.91 Vertical chord of the cornea,..............0.45 Versed sine of the cornea,................0.11 Horizontal chord of the cornea,...........0.47 Size of pupil seen through the cornea, 0.27 to 0.13 Size of pupil diminished by magnifying power of cornea to, from.............. .0.25 to 0.12 Radius of the anterior surface of the crystal- line, .................................0.30 Radius of posterior surface,...............0.22 Principal focal distance of lens,...........1.73 Distance of the centre of the optic nerve from the foramen centrale of Sb'mmering,......0.11 Distance of the iris from the cornea,.......0.10 Distance of the iris from the anterior surface of the crystalline......................0.02 Field of vision above a horizontal line, 50° 1 -„„(, Field of vision below a horizontal line, 70° J Field of vision in a horizontal plane,.......150° Diameter of the crystalline in a woman above fifty years of age,.....................0.378 Diameter of the cornea,.................0.400 Thickness of the crystalline,.............0.172 Thickness of the cornea,................0.042 Eye, Apple, see Melum—e. Balm, Hydrastis Canadensis—e. Bright, Euphrasia officinalis, Lo- belia— e. Cat's, amaurotic, see Amaurotic—e. Cellular capsule of the, see Eye — e. Drop, Tear. Eye Glass, Scaphium oculare, see Specta- cles. Also, a glass adapted for the application of collyria to the eye. Eye, Gum of the, Chassie—e. Lashes, Cilia^- e. Lid, Palpebra—e. Lid, Granular, Trachoma— e. Melon, see Melum—e. Purulent, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants — e. Salve, Singleton's, Un- guentum Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi; Eye-salve, Smellome's, see Cupri subacetas—e. Sight of the, Pupil. Eye Stone. The shelly operculum of small turbinide*. Used at Guernsey to get things out of the eyes. Being put into the inner corner of the eye, under the eyelid, it works its way out at the outer corner, and brings out any foreign substance with it.—Gray. Eye Teeth, Canine teeth—e. of Typhon, Scil- la—e. Water, Collyrium—e. Water, common, Li- quor zinci sulphatis cum camphor^ — e. Water, blue, Liquor cupri ammoniati — e. Watery, Epi- phora—e. White of the, see Sclerotic. FABiE, Onisci aselli. FABAGELLE, Zygophyllum fagabo. FABARIA CRASSULA, Sedum telephium. FABRICA AXDROGYXA, Hermaphrodeity. FACE. Fades, Vnltus, Voltns, Proso'pon, (F.) Face. The face is the anterior part of the head. It is formed of 13 bones, viz. the two superior maxillary, the two malar, the two ossa nasi, the two osea unguis, the vomer; the tiro oisa spongiosa inferiora, the two palate bones, and the inferior F. FACE 357 FAGUS maxillary, without including the frontal portion of the os frontis, and the 32 teeth, which may be considered to form part of it Its numerous muscles are chiefly destined for the organs of sight, hearing, taste, and smell. Its arteries proceed from the external carotid: its veins end in the jugular, and its nerves draw their origin immediately from the brain. The face experiences alterations in disease, which it is important to attend to. It is yellow in jaundice, pale and puffy in dropsy ; and its expression is very different, according to the seat of irritation, so that, in infants, by an attention to medical physiognomy, we can often detect the seat of disease. Hippocrates has well depicted the change which it experiences in one exhausted by long sickness, by great evacuations, excessive hunger, watchfulness, Ac, threatening dissolution. Hence this state has been called Fades Hippocral ica, Fades Cadaver'ica, F. Tortua'lis. In this, the nose is pinched; the eyes are sunk ; the temples hollow; the ears cold, and retracted; the skin of the forehead tense, and dry; the complexion livid ; the lips pendent, relaxed, and cold, Ac. The term Face (F.) is likewise given to one of the aspects of an organ; thus, we say, the supe- rior face of the stomach. FACE, INJECTEE, see Vultueux—f. Vul- tuense, see Vultueux. FACET', (F.) Facette. Diminutive of Face. A small face. A small, circumscribed portion of the surface of a bone, as the articular facette of a bone. FACHINGEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. These springs are at no great distance from those of Geilenau, and two miles north of Wisbaden. They contain free carbonic acid; carbonate, sul- phate, and phosphate of soda; chloride of sodium, carbonate of lime, magnesia, and iron. FA'CIAL, Facia'lis. Belonging to, or con- nected with, the face. Facial Angle, see Angle, facial. Facial Artery, La'bial artery, An'galar or external max'illary artery, A. palato-labial— (Ch.) is a branch of the external carotid, which rises beneath the digastricus, and is distributed to almost every part of the face. It furnishes the inferior palatal, submental, superior labial, inferior labial, and dorsalis nasi. Facial Line, see Angle, facial. Facial Xterve, Portio dura of the 'lih pair, Ramus du'rior aep'tima conjugatio'nis, Sympa- thet'icus minor, Res'piratory nerve of the face, Par sep'timum sive facia'le, Commu'nicans faciei nervus. This nerve arises from the inferior and lateral part of the tuber annulare, in the groove which separates it from the medulla oblongata, external to the corpora olivaria, and by the side of the auditory nerve. It issues from the cranium by the meatus auditorius internus; enters the aqueduct of Fallopius; receives a branch of the Vidian nerve; forms a gangliform swelling—Intn- mescen'tia gangliform'is;—sends off filaments to the internal muscles of the malleus and stapes; furnishes, according to many anatomists, that called Chorda Tympani; makes its exit at the foramen stylo-mastoideum, and divides into two branches—the temporo-facial, and cervico-facial. On the face it is termed, Pes anaeri'nns, Plexua nervo'rum anseri'xins. See Portio Wrisbergii. Facial Vein, Palato-labial—(Ch.,) arises be- tween the skin and frontalis muscle, and bears the name V. Fronta'lis, (F.) Veine frontnle ou V. Prepnrate. It then descends, vertically, to- wards the greater angle of the eye, where it is called Angula'ris; and afterwards descends, obliquely, on the face, to open into the internal | jugular, after having received branches, which correspond with those of the facial artery. It is only in the latter part of its course that it is called Facial Vein. Chaussier calls the external carotid artery, Facial Artery. FA'CIENT, faciens, 'making,' from facio, 'I make.' A suffix, as in Calefacient, Rubefacient, Ac, 'warm making,' 'red making.' FACIES, Face — f. Cadaverica, see Face — f. Concava pedis, Sole—f. Hippocratica, see Face— f. Inferior pedis, Sole—f. Tortualis, see Face. FACTICE, Factitious. FACTITIOUS, Factit"ixis, (F.) Factice, from faeere, 'to make.' Artificial. That which is made by art, in opposition to what is natural or found already existing in nature. Thus, we say, factitious mineral xvaters, for artificial mineral waters. FACULTAS, Faculty—f.Auctrix, Plastic force —f. Formatrix, Plastic force — f. Nutrix, Plastic force—f. Vegetativa, Plastic force—f. Zotica, Vis vitalis. FACULTATES NATURALES, see Function. FACULTY', Facultas, Dy'naxnis, Poxcer; Vir- tue. The power of executing any function or act The collection of the intellectual faculties consti- tutes the understanding. We say, also, vital fa- culties for vital properties, Ac. FJ3CAL, Stercoraceous—f. Retention, Consti- pation. FAECES, Plural of Fax; Feces, Chersa, 'the dregs of any thing.' Fec'ulerrce, (F.) Feces. The alvine evacuations are so called ; (F.) Garderobes; the excrements, Impurita'tes ulvinm, Facal mat- ter: See Excrement. F.eces Indurata, Scybala. F^ECOSITAS, Feculence. FECULA, Fecula. FJSCULENTIA, Feculence. F^ECUNDATIO, Fecundatio. FiECUNDITAS, Fecundity. FJEX, Feculence. FAGA'RA OCTAN'DRA, Elaph'rium tomen- to'sum, Am'yris tomento'sum, from fagus, ' the beech/ which it resembles. The systematic name of the plant, which affords Tacamaha'ca, a resi- nous substance, that exudes from the tree Taca- mahaca, which has a fragrant, delightful smell, was formerly in high estimation, as an ingredient in warm, stimulating plasters, and was given in- ternally, like the balsams generally. The East India Tacamahac, Bal'samum Vir'ide, O'leum Mar'ia, Bal'samum Cttl'abo, Balsamum maria, Baume vert, is yielded by Calophyllum ixtophyl- lum seu Balsama'ria Ixrophyllum. The name Tacamahac is also given to a resin furnished by Pop'ubis balsamif era seu tacama- ha'ca, which grows in the northern parts of Ame- rica and Siberia. Fagara Piperi'tA, (F.) Fagarier poivre; a native of Japan, possesses the qualities of pepper, and is used as such by the Japanese. It is, also, employed as a rubefacient cataplasm. FAGARAS'TRUM CAPEN'SE. Nat. Ord. Xanthoxylea?. A South African plant, the frui)^ of which is known to the Colonists as wild Car- damom; and, on account of its aromatic quali- ties, is prescribed in flatulency and paralysis. FAGARIER POIVRE, Fagara octandria. FAGOPY'RUM, Polygonum fagopyrum. FAGUS, F. sylvatica. Fagus Casta'nea. The systematic name of the Chestnut Tree; Casta'nea, C. vulga'ris. Cas til ilea vcsc/i, Ln'pima, Motet, Glans Juris TlIEO- PIIRASTI, .In'pitcr's Acorn, Sardin'inn Acorn; the Common Chestnut, (F.) Chatagnier eommrixr. Fa- mily, Amentaceas. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Polyan- FAIRLESSE 358 FALSIFICATION rfria. The Chestnut, Casta'nea nux, (F.) Cha- taigne, is farinaceous and nutritious, but not easy of digestion. Fagus Castanea Pu'mila. The Chin'copin or Chinquapin, Castanea Pumila, (F.) Chataiqnier nain. The nut of this American tree is eaten like the chestnut. The bark, Castanea, (Ph. U. S.) has been used in intermittents. Fagus Purpurea, F. sylvatica. Fagus Sylvat'ica. The systematic name of the Reech, Fagus, F. sylves'tris seu purpu'rea, Oxya, Ralan'da, Valan'ida; the Peech Tree, (F.) Hetre. The Beech-nut or Beech-mast, (F.) Faine, affords an oil, by expression, which is of a palatable character, and is eaten in some places instead of butter. It has been supposed to be a good vermifuge, but it is no better than any mild oil. Fagus Sylvestris, F. Sylvatica. FAIBLESSE, Debility. FAIM, Hunger—/. Canine, Boulimia—/. de Loup, Fames lupina. FAINE, see Fagus sylvatica. FAINTING, Syncope. FAINTING-FIT, Syncope. FAINTISHXESS, see Svncope. FAINTNESS, Languor, Svncope. FAIRBURN, MINERAL WATERS OF. The mineral waters at this place, which is in the county of Ross, in Scotland, are sulphureous, and frequented. FA1SCEAU, Fasciculus—/. Intemediaxre de Wrisberg, Portio Wrisbergii—/. Petit, Fasci- culus. FALCADINA, Scherlievo. , FAL'CIFORM, Falrifor'mie, Drepandi'des, from falx, ' a scythe,' and forma, 'shape.' Having the shape of a scythe. This term has been ap- plied to different parts. See Falx, and Sinus. Falciform Expansion of the Fascia Lata is the scythe-shaped reflection of the fascia lata, which forms, outwards and upwards, the opening for the vena saphaena, and is attached to the crural arch by its superior extremity, forming the anterior paries of the canal of the same name. FALLACIA, Hallucination. Fallacia Optica. An optic illusion. FALLOPIAN TUBE, see Tube, Fallopian. F ALLTR ANCK, Faltranck (G.),literally, a drink against falls. A vulnerary. It is a mixture of several aromatic and slightly astrin- gent plants, which grow chiefly in the Swiss Alps, and hence the name—Yulniraire Suisse— given to such dried plants cut into fragments. They are called, also, Especea Vulnerairea, and The Suisse. Within the present century, in Eng- land, a kind of vulnerary beer was often pre- scribed, in country practice, in all cases of in- ward bruises. It bore the name Cereds'ia nigra, or black beer, and was formed by infusing certain reputed vulnerary herbs in beer or ale. The infusion of the Falltranek is aromatic, and slightly agreeable, but of no use in the cases for which it has been particularly recommended. FALMOUTH, CLIMATE OF. The climate of Falmouth in Cornwall, England, resembles that of Penzance: and, like it, is in many re- spects, a favourable retreat for the phthisical during the winter months. FALSA VIA, False passage. FALSE, Falsus,Nothus,Pseudo, Spu'rioxts, Bas- tard, (F.) Faux, Pousse. This epithet has been frequently added to peripneumony, pleurisy, Ac, to designate a disease similar to these, but less severe. Most commonly, a severe catarrh or pleurodynia has received the name. See Peri- pneumonia notha. False Passage, FalsaVia, (F.) Fansse Route. An accidental passage, made in surgical opera- tions, and particularly in introducing the cathe- ter. The catheter is sometimes passed through into the rectum. False Waters, Hydrallon'te, False Delivery. Water, which sometimes collects between the amnion and chorion, and is commonly discharged before the birth of the child. We say, also, False Ribs, False Rhubax-b, Ac. FALSETTO VOICE, see Voice. FALSIFICATION, Atlultcra'tio, from falsus, 'false/ and fa cere, 'to make.' A fraudulent imi- tation or alteration of an aliment or medicine by different admixtures. Jluuga'niuni, Manganisa'- tio. It is synonymous with adulteration and eophietication. TABLE OF COMMON FALSIFICATIONS OF SOME OF THE MOST USEFUL DRUGS, Ac. Medicines. Adulterations. Mode of Detection. Acacia Gummi. Acetum tum. Acidum cum. Destilla- Muriati- Nitricum. Sulphur:- ClTRICUM. f G. S. is clammy and tenacious. The A. G, Gum Senegal...........-j perfectly soluble in water, and its solution ( limpid. Sulphuric Acid......... Acetate of barytes causes a white precipitate Nitric Acid.........( By evaPoratini? i*» the residuum deflagrates, when { thrown on burning charcoal. Conner... .. {Supersaturate with ammonia — a blue colour is ■'■' .....{ produced, Lead.................. Sulphuretted hydrogen causes a dark precipitate. fDeposites by evaporation the salts it may con Sulphuric Acid.........1 tain; precipitates with solution of hydrochlo ( rate of baryta if it contains sulphuric acid. (The presence of chlorine is indicated by a preci Muriatic and Sulphuric) pitate with nitrate of silver : that of sulphuri Acids. Jin ria tic Acids. Tartaric Acids. and Nitr and Oxalic ilphuric acid by the same result with hydrochlorate of baryta. The presence of muriatic and nitric acid is indi cated by the smell, when the aeid tested is strongly heated. Their presence is indicated by forming a granu lar sediment in a concentrated solution of a neutral salt of potassa FALSIFICATION 359 FALSIFICATION Medicines. Adulterations. Mode of Detection. iETHER Rectifica- tus. Aqua Ammonia. Ammonia Carro- NAS. Too dilute. Sulphuric Acid Alcohol....... Carbonic Acid . Ammoniacum. Ammonii Sulphure- tum. Lead. Arsenic............ 3Ianganeae and Iron. Copper............. Argenti Nitras. Absenicum Album. Balsamum Peruvi- anum. Capsicum. Cayenne Pepper. Castoreum. Castor. Cera Flava. Yellow Wax. 1 Nitrate of Potassa. Chalk, Sulphate of Lime, Sulphate of Baryta. ' A mixture of Pea in and aome Volatile Oil, with Benzoin. ' Chloride of Sodium The S. G. detects this. By acetate of baryta. Precipitate white. f With phosphorus a milky instead of limpid solu- ( tion is formed. A precipitation occurs on adding a solution of muriate of lime. It should be capable of complete volatilization by heat f The Gutta Ammoniaci are white, dear, and dry. ■) The lump Ammoniacum, lapia Ammoniaci, is often ( adulterated with common resin. It ought to be entirely volatilized by a red heat. Imparts a foliated texture, and is not vaporizable. f A smell of garlic is emitted when thrown on live | coals, Ac Are not vaporizable. ' The solution assumes a blue colour, when super- saturated with ammonia. It may be suspected when the salt deliquesces. : The adulteration with nitrate of potassa is easily recognized by the fracture of a stick of it, which is radiated when pure, and granular if adulte rated; or by precipitating a solution of the salts with a sufficient quantity of muriatic acid, and evaporating the clear liquor: the nitrate of potassa or other salts will remain. Not volatizable by heat Red Lead . A mixture of dried blood, gum ammoniac, and a little real castor, stuffed into the aerotum of a goat. Earth or Peasmeal..... Not easily detected. This disposes it to deliquesce. (" Digest in acetic acid, and add a solution of sul- ■j phuret of ammonia — a dark-coloured precipi ( tate will be produced. Resin. Tallow Cera Alba. White Wax. Cinchona. Bark. Coccus. Cochineal Colomba. Copaiba. Ralsam of Copaiva. ( White Lead........... { Tallow ............... C This is variously adulte- rated, but generally with the Carthagena and [ other inferior barks. (Pieces of dough formed < in moulds, and coloured [_ with cochineal. Oil. Crocus. Saffx-on. Fibres of smoked Beef.. Petals of the Calendula officinalis, and Cartha- mus Tinctorixis. Smell and taste will generally detect the fraud. f May be suspected when the cake is brittle and j colour grayish. f Put it in cold alcohol, which will dissolve the | resin, without acting on the wax. Is known by the greater softness and unctuosity, and its smell when melted. Turmeric is gene- rally added in this case to obviate the paleness Melt the wax, the oxide will subside. The cake has not its ordinary translucency. Can only be detected by practice, and examining into the quantity of quinia or cinchonia it contains. Throw it into water, the adulteration will appear. ( The true is distinguishable from the false Colomba by adding to an infusion of the root, a few drops of solution of sulph. iron, which gives to the infusion of the false Colomba a greenish black colour; but produces no change in the other. If it does n ot retain its spherical form when dropped into water, its adulteration may be inferred. Mix one part of strong liquid ammonia of 22°, with three parts of copaiba. If pure, the mix- ture will, in a few minutes, become transparent; if not, it will remain opake. Affords an unpleasant odour when thrown on live coals. Infuse tbe specimen in hot water, and the diffe- rence will be perceptible* FALSIFICATION 360 FALSIFICATION Medicines. Adulterations. Mode of Detection. Cubeba. Cubebs. Cusparia Cortex. Angustura Bark. Guaiaci Resina. Resin of Guaiacum. Hydrargyri Oxi- dum Rubrum. Red Precipitate. Hydrargyri Sul- phuretum Rubrum' Hydrargyri Sul- phuretum Nigrum. Iodine. Jalapa Radix. Jalap Root. Magnesia. Magnesia Subcar- bonas. Carbonate of Magne- sia. Manna. Morphia et ejus Sales. Morph ia and its Salts. Moschus. 3Iusk. Olea Destillata. Essential Oils. Oleum Ricini. Castor Oil. Turkey Yellow Perries, ( or the dried fruit of the \ Detected by attentive examination. Rhamnus Catharticus. (_ „ , Af ( The epidermis of the true Cusparia is character- y.'f .. ~i ized by being covered with a matter resembling J l ' { the rust of iron. n t> • \ Detected by the turpentine smell emitted when Gammon liesin.........\ ., J , , l , ( thrown upon hot coals. ( Add to the tincture a few drops of spirit of nitre, 3Ianchineel Gum.......1 and dilute with water ; the guaicum is pi-Bespi- ts tated—the adulteration floats in the white striae 'A precipitation will be produced by the carbonate of potass, from a solution made by boiling the suspected sample with a small portion of mu riate of ammonia in distilled water; or, the presence of deuto-chloride of mercury is indi- cated, by warming gently a small quantity of calomel in alcohol, filtering and adding to the clear liquor some lime-water, by whicb a red- dish yellow precipitate is afforded. When calomel is rubbed with a fixed alkali, it ought to become intensely black, and not exhibit any orange hue. Digest in acetic acid : add sulphuret of ammonia, which will produce a dark coloured precipitate. It should be totally volatilized by heat p j r j j Digest in acetic acid, and add sulphuret of am- monia—a black precipitate will be produced. Hydrargyri Chlo- . ___, -.f__ Vorrosive Sublimate, ana ridum Mite. Calomel. Subnitrate of Pismuth. Red Lead . Iv ory Plumbago, Charcoal, and Oxide of Jlanganese. Bryony Root, spurious or false Jalap Root, and Liquorice Root. Lime................. j., , J Throw a suspected portion on hot coals—the re Sulphuret of Lime. Chalk Gypsum............... A factitious article, con- sisting of honey or sugar, mixed with scam- mony, is sometimes sold for it. Dried Rlood. Asphaltum........... Fine particles of Lead Fixed Oils.........., Alcohol............... Olive or A Imond or Pop- py Oil. siduum will detect the fraud. The tests of its purity are — that it is perfectly soluble in ether. Heated on a piece of glass or porcelain, it sublimes without residuum. f Bryony root is of a paler colour, and less compaot < texture, and does not easily burn at the flame [ of a candle. Liquorice is detected by the taste, f Detected by the solution in dilute sulphuric acid { affording a precipitate with oxalate of ammonia. f Gives off when moistened, the smell of sulphu- ( retted hydrogen f Detected by adding dilute sulphuric acid to the < suspected substance, when, if chalk be present, ( there will be a white insoluble precipitate, ( Boil in distilled water, and test the solution by a ( barytic and oxalic reagent. i The colour, weight, transparency and taste detect it. Morphia and its salts, when placed in contact with nitric acid, are coloured red; with per- salts of iron, blue. They are perfectly soluble in warm alcohol, and acidulated warm water. When morphia is mixed with narcotina, the adulteration is ascertained by mixing them with sulphuric ether, which dissolves the narcotina, without sensibly affecting the morphia. The bag must not appear to have been opened. This may be suspected, if it emits a fetid smoke when inflamed. Discovered by its melting and running, before it inflames. Rub with water. The metallic particles will subside Touch writing paper with it, and hold it before the fire: fixed oil leaves a stain of grease. I Add water. A milkiness and increase of tempe ( rature occurs. f Alcohol S. G. *820 will mix with any proportion < of castor oil, whilst it dissolves very little of ( the others. FALTRANCK 361 FARCTURA Medicines. Adulterations. Mode of Detection. Opium. Potassii Iodidum. Iodide of Potassium. Quinia Sulphas. Sulphate of Quinia. Strychnia et ejus Sales. Strychnia and its Salts. Zinci Oxydum. Flowers of Zinc Extract of Liquorice, Pullets and Stones sometimes in it; Ex- tract of Poppy, of Che- lidonium majus; G. Arabic, G. Tragdeanth, Linseed Oil, Cow's Dung. Chlorides of Potassium and Sodium, Nitrate of Potassa. 3Iannite. Brucia. f Choi [ Whi Ik....... te Lead. The best opium is covered with leaves and the reddish capsules of a species of Rumex. The inferior kinds have capsules adherent It is bad when soft and friable, when intensely black or mixed with many impurities, and when sweet, The quantity of morphia affords the best test. The adulteration is ascertained by precipitating a solution of the salt with nitrate of silver, and treating the precipitate with ammonia, which dissolves the chloride of silver, without acting upon the iodide of this metal. Leaves no residue when submitted to calcination is perfectly soluble in warm alcohol, and in water slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid. They are free from brucia when no colour is pro- duced by contact with nitric acid. Sulphuric acid excites an effervescence. Sulphuric acid forms an insoluble sulphate of lead, FALTRANCK, Falltranck. FALX. Anatomists have given this name to several membranous reflections having the shape of a falx or scythe. Falx Cerebel'li, (F.) Faux du cervelet, Falx minor, Septum median du cervelet (Ch.,) Septum Cerebel'li, Proces'sus falcifor'mis Cerebel'li, Sep- tum Parvum occipita'le, is a triangular process of the dura mater opposite the internal occipital protuberance. Its base is attached to the middle of the tentorium, and its top or apex bifurcates, to proceed to the sides of the foramen magnum. Its convex surface is towards the cranium, and its concave in the fissure or groove, which sepa- rates the two lobes of the cerebellum. Falx Cer'ebri, Septum Cerebri, Falx major, Ver'tical supe'rior longitu'dinal proc"ess, 3Iedia- eti'num cerebri, (F.) Faux du cerveau, Repli longi- tudinal de la meninge, (Ch.,) Proces'sus falcifor- mis dura matris. The greatest process of the dura mater. It extends from the fore to the hind part of the skull, on the median line; is broad behind, and narrow before, and is lodged in the groove which separates the hemispheres from each other—the interlobular fissure. At its supe- rior part is situated the longitudinal ?.inus (supe- rior,) and at its lower, corresponding to the edge of the scythe, the inferior longitudinal sinus. Its anterior extremity is attached to the crista galli; its posterior is continuous with the tentorium ce- rebelli, and contains the straight sinus. Falx Major, Falx cerebri — f. Minor, Falx cerebelli. Falx of the Peritoneum, Great, Falx peri- tone'i max'ima, (F.) Grande faux du peritoine, Faux de la Veine Ombilicale, Falx of the umbi- lical vein, is a reflection of the peritoneum, which ascends from the umbilicus to the anterior and inferior surface of the liver. Falces of the Peritone'um, Lesser, Falces Peritone'i min'ima, (F.) Petitesfaux dup>eritoine, are the lateral ligaments of the liver and the re- flections which the peritoneum forms, raised up by the umbilical arteries. Falx of the Umbilical Vein, Falx, groat, of the Peritoneum. FAMEL'ICA FEBRIS, from fames, 'hunger.' Fever accompanied with insatiable hunger.— Sylvius. FAMELICUS, Hungry. FAMES, Hunger — f. Bovina, Boulimia — f. Canina, Boulimia. Fames Lupi'na, Ly cor ex'is, (F.) Fairn de Loup. Authors have described, under this name, a kind of boulimia, or depravation of the digestive func- tion, in which the patient eats voraciously, and passes his food, almost immediately afterwards, per annrn. FAMEX, Contusio. FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM EMPLAS'TRUM, from fama,' fame,' and gero, ' I wear.' A plaster, extolled in ague, and made of aromatic, irritating snbstances. It was applied to the wrist. FAMILIARICA SELLA, Close stool. FAMILY DISEASES, see Hereditary. FAM IS, Contusio. FAMIX, Contusio. FANCULUM, Anethum. FANCY MARK, Nasvus. FAXG, Radix. FANON (F.) from (G.) Fahne,'a banner/ 'ensign/ 'standard.' Fer'xtla, Lec'ttibie stra- min'eus, Thor'ulus stramin'eus. A splint of a particular shape, employed in fractures of the thigh and leg to keep the bones in contact. The Fanons were divided into true and false. The true consists of a cylinder of straw, strongly surrounded with a cord or riband, in the centre of which a stick is usually placed to ensure its solidity. The false consists of a thick piece of linen, made flat like a compress, and folded at the extremities. It was placed between the frac- tured limb and the true f'anon. The Drap-fanon is a large piece of common cloth placed between the fractured limb, in which the fanons or lateral splints are rolled. FANTOM, Phantom, from fyavraapa, 'a spectre.' (F.) Phant6me, Fantome, 3/aunequin, Alan'nekin. This word has two acceptations. It means the spectres and images which the imagination pre- sents to the sick, when asleep or awake; and, also, the figure on which surgeons practise tho application of bandages, or the accoucheur the manual part o£ midwifery,— Phanto'ma obstet- ric 'ium. FARCIMINALIS MEMBRANA seu TU- NICA, Allantois. FARCIXOMA, Equinia. FARCTU'RA, Fartu'ra; from farcire, 'to stuff.' The operation of introducing medicinal FARCTUS 36! Bubstances into tbe cavities of animals or of fruits, which have been previously emptied. FARCTUS, Emphraxis FARCY GLANDERS, sc<> Equinia. FARD, Paint FARDEAU, Mole. FARFARA, Tussilago—f. Bechium, Tussilago. FARI'NA, Al'phiton, Crimnon, Al'eton, Aleu'- ron, Ale'ma, from far; ' corn,' of which it is made. Ileal or flour. The powder, obtained by grind- ing the seeds of the gramineous, leguminous, and cucurbitaceous plants in particular. It is highly nutritious, and is much used, dietetically as well as medicinally. Leath's Alimen'tary Fari'na, or Homcepath'ic Farina'ceous Food, is said to consist principally of wheat flour, slightly baked, and sweetened with sugar, together with potato flour and a very small quantity of Indian corn meal and tapioca. Farina Amygdalarum, see Amygdala. Farina, Compounded, Baster's, is said to consist of wheat flour, sweetened with sugar. Farina, Nutritious, Maidman's, is said to consist of potato flour, artificially coloured of a pink or rosy hue, the colouring matter being pro- bably rose pink. Farina Trit'ici, wheaten flour; F. Seca'lis, Rye flour or meal; F. Hordei, Barley meal; F. Avena'cea, Oat meal, Ac. See Amylum. Farina Resolvent'es, (F.) Farines Resolu- tives. This name was formerly given to a mix- ture of the farina of four different plants; the lupine, Lapinus albua, the Ervum Ervilia, the Vicia faba, and the Barley, Hordeum diatichum. They were recommended to form cataplasms. FARINA'CEOUS, Farina'ceua, Farino'aus, (F.) Farineux, 3Iealy. Having the appearance or nature of farina. A term given to all articles of food which contain farina. The term Farina- cea includes all those substances, called cerealia, legumina, Ac, which contain farina, and are em- ployed as nutriment. Hard's farinaceous food is fine wheat flour, which has been subjected to some heating process. Braden's farinaceous food is said to be wheat flour, baked. In Pathology, the epithet farinaceous, (F.) fa- rineux, is applied to certain eruptions, in which the epidermis exfoliates in small particles similar to farina. Farinaceous Food, Braden's, see Farina- ceous—f. Food, Hard's, see Farinaceous—f. Food, Homoeopathic, see Farinaceous. Farinaceous Food, Plumbe's, is said to con- sist principally of bean or pea flour, most pro- bably the former, with a little Tacca arrowroot, some potato flour, and a very little Maranta arrowroot Farinaceous Food, Prince Albert's, "for infants and invalids of all ages," is said to con- sist entirely of wheat flour, slightly baked. FARINARIUM, Alica. FARINES RESOLUTIVES, Farinae resol- ventes. FARINEUX, Farinaceous. FARINOSUS, Farinaceous. FARRIER, Hippiater. FART, Sax. yapc, from Teut fahren, 'to go :' —fart,'a voyage.' (G.) Furz. Rdcllus, Rdobis, Bdelyg'mia, Bdelyg'm,us, Porda, Physa, Physe, Flatus, Crep'itus, (F.) Pet. A sonorous or other discharge of wind from behind? A low word, but of respectable parentage. FARTURA, Farctura. FARTUS, Emphraxis. FAS'CIA. from fascis, 'a bundle.' Liga'tio, Ligatu'ra, Alligatu'ra, Anades'mus, Virlcula, Bparganon, Epides'mos, Vinctu'ra. A bandage, 2 FASCIA fillet, roller, ligature. The aponeurotic expan- sions of muscles, which bind parts together, are, likewise, termed Fasciae : — Aponeuroses, Peri. mya'ia-. See, also, Tasnia. Fascia Aponeurotica Femoris, Fascia lata aponeurosis — f. Capitalis, Ronnet d'Hippocrnte, Capelina — f. Capitis, Diadema—f. Cooperi, F. Transversalis. Fascia, Crib'riform, Faacia Cribrifor'mrs. The sieve-like portion of the fascia lata; so called from its being pierced by numerous openings for the passage of lymphatic vessels. Fascia Denta'ta, Corpa godronne of Vicq d'Azyr. A band of gray matter seen beneath the tasnia hippocampi on raising it up, which runs along the inner border of the cornu ammonis. It is, as it were, crenated by transverse furrows. Fascia Digitalis, Gantelet—f. Diophthalmica, Binoculus — f. Dividens, Dividing bandage—f, Heliodori, T bandage. Fascia Ili'aca, Iliac aponeurosis. An apo- neurosis which proceeds from the tendon of the psoas minor, or which arises from the anterior surface of the psoas magnus, when the former muscle does not exist. It is attached, externally, to the inner edge of the crest of the ilium, below, and anteriorly — on one side, to the crural arch, sending an expansion to the fascia transversalis; and on the other, continuous with the deep- seated lamina of the fascia lata, which forms the posterior paries of the crural canal. Within and behind, the fascia iliaca is attached to the brim of the pelvis, and is continuous with the aponeu- rosis, which M. Jules Cloquet has called Pelvian. The iliac aponeurosis covers the iliac and psoas muscles, which it separates from the peritoneum. Fascia Inguinalis, Spica. Fascia Lata. A name given by anatomists to an aponeurosis, and to a muscle. Fascia Lata Aponeurosis, Fascia aponeu- rot'ica fem'oris, Vagi'na fem'oris, Crural or Fem'oral Aponeurosis, is the most extensive in the body, and envelopes all the muscles of the thigh. Above, it is attached to the outer edge of the ilia; before, it arises from the crural arch by two distinct laminae, separated by the femoral vessels, and becoming confounded a little below the part where the great vena/- saphasna opens into the crural vein. Of these two laminae, the one is more anterior and thicker than the other, and may be considered as a prolongation of the aponeurosis of the external oblique. It is inti- mately united to Poupart's ligament. The other, which is thinner, is behind, and deeper seated, and, after its union with the former, proceeds to be inserted into the pubis. Inferiorly, the fascia lata becomes confounded with the tendon of the triceps, and is attached to the external tuberosity of the tibia. The use of the fascia lata, like that of other aponeuroses, is to strengthen the action of the muscles, Ac. Fascia Lata Muscle, Tensor vagi'na fem'o- ris, Fascia'lis, 3Iembrano'sus, 3Ius'cxdus aponeuro'- sis vel fascia lata, 3fus'cuius fem'oris membrano'- aus, (F.) Ilio-oponevrosi-femoral, Ilio-aponevroti- femoral—(Ch.), Tenseur de I'aponevrosefexnorale. A muscle, situate at the upper and outer part of the thigh. It arises, above, from the outer part of the anterior and superior spine of the ilium; and is inserted, below, between the two laminss of the fascia lata, which it stretches and raises when it contracts. Fascia, Obturator, see Pelvic aponeuroses— f. Pelvic, Internal, see Pelvic aponeuroses — f. Pelvic, Lateral, see Pelvic aponeuroses—f. Pel- vic, Superior, see Pelvic aponeuroses. Fascia Pro'pria. A layer of areolar tissue derived from the sheath of the femoral vessels,— FASCLE 363 FATTY or according to some from the cribriform fascia. It is one of the coverings of femoral hernia, and is generally pretty dense about the neck of the hernia; but thin or even wanting on its fundus. Fascia Repens, Spica—f. Scapularis, Scapu- lary — f. Sculteti, Bandage of separate strips—f. Semicircularis, Tasnia semicircularis—f. Spiralis, Ascia—f. Stellate, Stella — f. Submuscular, see Vaginal, (of the eye.) Fascia, Subperitone'al, Subperitone'al apo- neurosis. A thin tendinous layer on the outer surface of the peritoneum. Fascia Superficia'lis, Superficial aponeuro'- tis of the abdomen and thigh, (F.) Aponevrose su- perficielle de I'abdomen et de la cuisse. A very thin aponeurosis, which covers the muscles and aponeuroses of the abdomen; passes before the crural arch, to which it adheres with some degree of force; sends a membranous sheath, which sur- rounds the spermatic cord; and is continuous with the dartos, which it assists in forming. The fascia superficialis presents, beneath the crural arch, very distinct fibres, whose direction is pa- rallel to the fold of the thigh. It is applied over the fascia lata aponeurosis, and is attached, inter- nally, to the ascending ramus of the ischium, near the root of the corpus cavernosum. Before the descent of the testicle from the abdomen, the fascia superficialis is very manifestly continuous with the Gubernaculum testis. Fascia Tformis, T bandage—f. Tortilis, Tour- niquet. Fascia Transversa'lis, F. Cooped. An apo- neurosis, which separates the transversalis mus- cle from the peritoneum in the inguinal region. It arises above the posterior edge of the crural arch, where it seems to be continuous with the aponeurosis of the greater oblique muscle. Above, it is lost in the areolar tissue at the internal sur- face of the transversalis abdominis. Within, it is continuous with the outer edge of the tendon of the rectus muscle and Gimbernat's ligament; be- low, it is continuous with the aponeurosis of the greater oblique, and receives an expansion from the Fascia Riaca. Towards its middle and a little above the crural arch, the fascia transversalis has the wide orifice of a canal, which is occupied, in the female, by the round ligament of the uterus; and, in man, furnishes an expansion, that serves as a sheath to the spermatic vessels. FASCLE, Swathing clothes—f. Ligamentosae Coli, see Colon. FASCIALIS, Fascia lata muscle, Sartorius—f. Longus, Sartorius—f. Sutorius, Sartorius. FASCIARUM APPLICATIO, Deligation. FASCIATIO, Deligation, see Bandage—f. Cu- cullata, Couvrechef. FASCICULI INNOMINA'TI. Two large bundles of fibres in the interior of the medulla oblongata, behind the corpora olivaria, and more or less apparent between those bodies and the corpora restiformia. They ascend, and become apparent in the fourth ventricle, under the name Fascic'uli seu Proces'sus ter'etes. Fasciculi, Median Posterior, of the Me- dulla Oblongata, Funiculi graciles—f. Muscu- lorum, see Muscular fibre—f. Pyramidales, Fer- rein, pyramids of—f. Teretes, Processus teretes, see Fasciculi innominati—f. Teretes Cordis, Co- lumnar carneas. FASCICULUS, Phacelbis, Pha'celns, Fas'- cicle, from fascis, ' a bundle;' Desme'dion, ' a small bundle.' In Anatomy, it is employed in this sense; as " a fasciculus of fibres." (F.) Fais- ceau OU Petit Faisceau, Trousseau. In Phar- macy, it means manip'xdus, Chexrople'thes, XC'P°- n\n$'ig, 'a handful:'—Musa Brassavolus says,— as much as can be held in two fingers. Fasciculus Cuneatus, Reinforcement, fascicu- lus of—f. of Reinforcement, Reinforcement, F. of. FASCINOSUS, Membrosus. FASC1NUM, Penis. FASCIOLA, Bandelette—f. Cinerea, Tubercu- lum cinereum — f. Hepatica, Distoma hepaticum —f. Humana, Distoma hepaticum—f. Lanceolate, Distoma hepaticum. FASELUS, Phaseolus vulgaris. FASTID'IUM, abridged from fatis tadium. Fastidiousneas, Squeamishness, or the condition of a stomach that is readily affected with nausea. Fastidium Cibi, Asitia, Disgust FASTIGIUM, Acme. FASTING, from Sax. pser^an, Limo'sis expere protrac'ta, Anorex'ia mirab'ilis, Ine'dia, Jeju'- nium. Loss or want of appetite, without any other apparent affection of the stomach ; so that the system can sustain almost total abstinence for a long time without faintness. Some won- derful cases of this kind are on record. See Ab- stinence. FAT, Pingue'do, Pim'ele, Piar, Piei'ron, Li- pos, Stear, Adeps, Sevxtm, Sebum, Corpus adipo'- sum, Axun'gia, Fat, (F.) Graisse: from G. and A. S. Fett. A soft, white, animal substance; inodorous ; insipid; oily ; inflammable, easy to melt; spoiling in the air, and becoming rancid by union with oxygen : almost insoluble in alco- hol ; insoluble in water; soluble in fixed oils. Fat is formed of the immediate principles, stearin, margarin and olein, all of which are regarded as salts composed of stearic, margaric and oleic acids, and a common base, to which, from its sweetish taste, the name Glyc"erin has been given. To these are, almost always, joined an odorous and a colouring principle. Glycerin, Gly- ceri'na, has been introduced into the last edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the U. S. (1851), in which it is directed to be prepared as follows: — Lead plaster, recently prepared and yet fluid; boiling water, of each a gallon; mix : stir briskly for 15 minutes; allow it to cool and pour off the liquid. Evaporate until it has the s. g. 1.15, and pass slowly through it a current of sulpho-hydric acid until a black precipitate is no longer thrown down. Filter and boil until the sulpho-hydric acid is driven off, and evaporate the liquid until it ceases to lose weight Glycerin is a colourless or straw-coloured syrupy fluid; s. g. 1.25. It is soluble in water and in alcohol, but not in ether. It is used in the form of lotion, composed of half an ounce to ten fluidounces of water, in cutaneous diseases, as psoriasis, pityriasis, lepra and ichthy- osis. It forms a kind of varnish, and might be useful in cases of burns. Fat is found in a number of animal tissues, and is very abundant in the neighbourhood of the kidneys and in the epiploon. It is generally fluid in the cetacea; soft, and of a strong smell in the carnivora; solid, and inodorous in the ruminat- ing animal; white, and abundant in young ani- mals ; and yellowish in old. It generally forms about a twentieth part of the weight of the human body. The fat, considered physiologically, has, for its function, to protect the organs; maintain their temperature; and to serve for rvatrition in case of need ; as is observed in torpid animals. Fat, Corpulent—f. Cells, Fatty vesicles — £ Mackaw, see Cocos butyracea. FATIGATIO, Copos. FATIGUE, Copos. FATTY, Adipo'sus, Adipa'txis, Pimel'icus, Pi- melo'des, Sax. paet; past participle ofpeban, to feed, Ad'ipous, Pxxiguid, Pinguid'inorts. Rela- ting to fat. Resembling or containing fat. The cellular membrane has been called fatty or adi- pous; from an opinion that, in its areolae, the fat ij FATUITAS 364 FEBRIS deposited. The areolar membrane, however, merely lodges, between its lamellae and filaments, the vesicles in which the fat is contained. Fatty Lig'ament, Ad'ipous ligament. This name has been given to a reflection of the syno- vial membrane of the knee joint, which passes from the ligamentum patellae towards the cavity that separates the condyles of the femur. Fatty Membrane, Adipous membrane, Adi- pous tissue. The subcutaneous areolar tissue, or that containing the fatty or adipous vesicles. Fatty Ves'icles, Adipous vesicles, Sac'culi adipo'si, Fat cells. This name is given to small bursas or membranous vesicles which enclose the fat and are found situate in the areolas of the areolar tissue. These vesicles vary much in size. Generally, they are round and globular; and, in certain subjects, receive vessels which are very apparent. They form so many small sacs without apertures, in the interior of which are filaments arranged like septa. In fatty subjects, the adipous vesicles are very perceptible, being attached to the areolar tissue and neighbouring parts by a vascular pedicle. Raspail affirms that there is the most striking analogy between the nature of the adipose granules and that of the amylaceous grains. Fatty Vessels, Adipous vessels. The vessels connected with the fat. Some anatomists have called Adipous canals, (F.) Conduits adipeux, the vessels to which they attribute the secretion of fat. Fatty Degeneration of the Liver, Adiposis hepatica—f. Liver, Adiposis hepatica. FATU'ITAS, Moro'sis, Stultil'ia, Stupor men- tis, Amen'tia; from fatuus, 'foolish.' Mental imbecility. Idiotism. Dementia. One affected with fatuity is said to be fat'uous. FATUOUS, see Fatuity. FAUCES, Isthmus, Pharynx, Throat. FAUCETTE VOICE, see Voice. FAUNO'RUM LUDIB'RIA. The sports of the Fauni. Some authors have called thus the incubus; others, epilepsy. FA USSR, False. FAUSSE COUCHE (F.), Vanum partu'rium. Some authors have used this term for the expul- sion of different bodies constituting false concep- tions ; such as moles, hydatids, clots of blood, Ac. Most accoucheurs use the term synony- mously with abortion. FAUSSE POSITION (F.), False position. The French use this term, in vulgar language, to indicate any attitude in which torpor, tingling, and loss of power over the motion of a part, are produced by too strong contraction or painful compression. FAUSSE ROUTE, False passage. FAUSTI'NI PASTIL'LI, Faustinus's Lo- zenges. These were once celebrated. They were composed of burnt paper, ouicklime, oxide of ar- senic, eandarach, lentila, Ac. FAUX, False—/. du Cerveau, Falx cerebri — /. du Cervelet, Falx cerebelli—/. Grande du pe- ritoine, Falx, great, of the peritoneum—f. Petite du peritoine, Falx, lesser, of the peritoneum—f de la Veine ombilieale, Falx, great, of the perito- neum. FAVEUX, Favosus. FAVIFORMIS, Favosus. FAVO'SUS. Similar to a honeycomb. Favi- form'is, Favous, from favus, cerion, 'a honey- comb.' (F.) Faveux. An epithet given to a spe- cies of porrigo. Cerion, Favus; means also a state of ulceration, resembling a honeycomb. FA'VULUS ; diminutive of favus, ' a honey- comb.' Favuli is used by Dr. Morton, of Phila- delphia, for the honeycomb-like depressions in the lining membrane of the stomach — the stomach- eells of Messrs. Todd and Bowman. FAVUS, Porrigo, Porrigo favosa, see Favosus. FEATHERFEW, Matricaria, FEBRIC'ITANS, Feb'riene, Enip'xjros. One attacked with fever; from febricitare, 'to have a fever.' FEBRICITATIO, Feverishness. FEBRICOSUS, Feverish. FEBRICULA, Fe'veret. Diminutive of fe- bris, 'fever.' A term employed to express a slight degree of fever. Ephemera. FEBRICULOSITY', Feverishness. FEBRIENS, Febricitaris, Feverish. FEBRIFACIEXT, see Feverish. FEBRIF'EROUS, Feb'rifer, from febris, 'fe- ver/ and fero, ' I carry.' Fever-bearing, as a febriferous locality. FEBRIFIC, see Feverish. FEB'RIFUGE, Lexipyret''icus, Lexipyr'etus, Pyret'icus, Alexipyret'icus, Antifebri'lia, Antipy- ret'ic, Febrif'ugua, from febris, ' a fever,' and fugare, ' to drive away.' A medicine which pos- sesses the property of abating or driving away fever. FEBRIFUGUM LIGNUM, Quassia. FE'BRILE, febri'lis. Relating to fever, as febrile movement, febrile pulse, Ac. FEBRIS, Fever —f. Acmastica., Synocha —f. Acuta, Synocha—f. Acuta continua, Synocha—f. Adeno-meningea, Fever, adeno-meningeal — f. Adeno-nervosa, Plague—f. Africana, Fever, Afri- can—f. Agrypnodes, see Agrypnodes and Agryp- nos—f. Alba, Chlorosis—f. Algida, see Algidus— f. Amatoria, Chlorosis, Hectic fever—f. Ame- ricana, Fever, yellow—f. Amphemera, Quotidian — f. Amphimerina hectica, Hectic fever—f. Am- phimerina latica, Latica (febris)—f. Ampullosa, Pemphigus — f. Anabatica, Continued fever—f. Angiotenica, Synocha — f. Anginosa, Angina —f. Annua, see Annual diseases — f. Anomala, Fever, anomalous—f. Aphonica, Fever, aphonic — f. Aphthosa, Aphtha — f. Apoplectica, Fever, apoplectic—f. Ardens, Synocha—f. Arte promota, Fever, artificial—f. Arthritica, Gout—f. Asodes, Fever, bilious, see Asodes—f. Assidua, Continued fever—f. Asthenica, Fever, asthenic, Typhus— f. Asthmatica, Fever, asthmatic—f. Ataxo-adyna- mica, Fever, ataxo-adynamic—f. Azodes, see Aso- des— f. Biliosa, Fever, bilious — f. Bullosa, Pem- phigus— f. Cardialgia, Fever, cardialgic—f. Ca- tarrhalis, Catarrh—f. Catarrhalis epidemica, In- fluenza— f. Caumatodes, Synocha — f. Causodes, Synocha—f. Cephalalgia, Fever, cephalalgic—f. Cephaliea, Fever, cephalic—f. Cholepyretica, Fe- ver, bilious — f. Cholerica, Fever, bilious, Fever, choleric — f. Chronica, Fever, chronic—f. Coal- terna, see Coalternas febres—f. Colliquativa, Fe- ver, colliquative—f. Comatodes, Fever, apoplec- tic— f. Communicans, see Subintrantes F. — f. Confusa, see Confusas febres—f. Continens, Ty- phus— f. Continens non putrida, Synocha — f. Continens putrida, Typhus—f. Continua inflam- matoria, Empresma—f. Continua putrida, Syno- chus—f. Continua putrida icterodes Caroliniensis, Fever, yellow—f. Continua non putris, Synocha —f. Continua sanguinea, Synocha—f. Convulsiva, Fever, convulsive — f. Crymodes, see Crymodes, and Algid fever—f. Culicularis, Miliary fever—f. cum Delirio, Fever, delirious — f. Depuratoria, Fever, depuratory!—f. Deurens, Synocha—f. Di- aphoretica, Fever, diaphoretic—f. Diaria, Ephe- mera— f. Duodecimana, Fever, duodecimane—f. Dysenterica, Dysentery—f. Elodes, see Elodes— f. Elodes icterodes, Fever, yellow — f. Enterica, see Typhus — f. Enteromesenterica, Entero-me- senteric — f. Epacmastica, see Epacmasticos— f. Ephemera, Ephemera—f. Epidemica cum anginS,, Cynanche maligna—f. Epileptica, Fever, epileptio —f. Erotica, fever, erotic—f. Erratica, Fever, ano» FEBRUA malous, Fever, erratic, see Erratic and Planetes —f. Erronea, see Planetes—f. Erysipelacea, Ery- sipelas—f. Erysipelatosa, Erysipelas—f. Esserosa, Miliary fever — f. Exquisita, Fever, regular — f, Exanthematica articularis, Dengue—f. Famelica, see Famelica Febris—f. Flava, Fever, yellow—f. Flava Amerieanorum, Fever, yellow—f. Gangrae- nodes, Fever, gangrenous—f. Gastrica, Fever, bi- lious, Fever, gastric—f. Gastrico-biliosa, Fever, gastric—f. Gastro-adynamica, Fever, gastro-ady- nainic — f. Haemoptoica, Fever, hasmoptoic — f. Hebdomadana, Octana—f. Hectica, Hectic fever — f. Hectica infantum, Tabes mesenterica — f. Hectica maligna nervosa, Typhus mitior—f. He- meresia, Quotidian—f. Hemitritasa, Hemitritasa— f. Hepatica, Fever, bilious — f. Hepatica inflam- matoria, Hepatitis—f. Horrifica, see Algidus—f. Horrida, see Algidus — f. Humoralis, Fever, hu- moral—f. Hungarica, Fever, Hungaric—f. Hydro- cephaliea, Hydrocephalus internus — f. Hydro- phobica, Fever, hydrophobic—f. Hysteretica, see Postpositio—f. Hysterica, Fever, hysteric—f. Ic- terica, Fever, icteric—f. Iliaca inflammatoria, En- teritis— f. Infantum remittens, Fever, infantile remittent—f. Inflammatoria, Synocha—f. Inten- sio, Epitasis—f. Intermittens, Intermittent fever —f. Intermittens cephaliea larvata, Cephalalgia periodica—f. Intestinalis ulcerosa, see Typhus— f. Intestinorum, Enteritis — f. Irregularis, Fever, anomalous — f. Lactea, Fever, milk — f. Larvata, Fever, masked—f. Lenta, Fever, infantile remit- tent, Hectic fever, Synochus — f. Lenta nervosa, Typhus mitior, Fever, nervous—f. Lenticularis, Miliary fever—f. Lethargica, Fever, apoplectic— f. Loehialis, Fever, lochial — f. Lymodes, fever, singultous—f. Lyngodes, Fever, singultous — f. Maligna, Fever, malignant — f. Maligna biliosa Americas, Fever, yellow—f. Maligna cum Sopore, Typhus — f. Maligna flava Indias occidentalis, Fever, yellow—f. Marasmodes, Hectic fever, Ma- rasmopyra—f. Meningo-gastricus, Fever, gastric —f. Mesenterica, Fever, adeno-meningeal, Fever, mesenteric—f. Methemerina, Quotidian—f. Mili- aris, Miliary fever—f. Minute, Fever, syncopal— f. Morbillosa, Rubeola—f. Mucosa, Fever, adeno- meningeal— f. Mucosa Verminosa, Fever, infan- tile remittent — f. Xautica pestilentialis, Typhus gravior—f: Nephritica, Fever, nephritic—f. Ner- vosa, Fever, nervous—f. Nervosa epidemica, Tyr- phus—f. Nervosa enterica, see Typhus — f. Ner- vosa exanthematica, Typhus — f. Nervosa gas- trica, see Typhus — f. Nervosa mesenterica, see Typhus—f. Nervosa petechialis, Typhus—f. Neu- rodes, Fever, nervous—f. Nocturnus, see Noctur- nal— f. Nonana, Fever, nonane — f. Nosocomio- rum, Typhus gravior—f. Nycterinus, see X'octur- nal—f. Octana, Fever octane — f. Oscitans, Osci- tant fever—f. Paludosa, see Elodes — f. Pan- nonica, Fever, Hungary — f. Pemphingodes, Pemphigus — f. Pemphygodes, Pemphigus — f. Pempta, Quintan — f. Periodica, Fever, periodic —f. Perniciosa, Fever, pernicious—f. Pestilens, Plague—f. Pestilens maligna, Typhus gravior — f. Pestilentialis, Fever, pestilential — f. Pesti- lentialis Europae, Typhus gravior—f. Petechialis, Typhus gravior—f. Phthisica, Hectic fever—f. Planetes, see Planetes—f. Pleuritica, Pleuritis—f. Podagrica, Gout—f. Polycholica, Fever, bilious— f. Pneumonica, Fever, pneumonic, Pneumonia— f. Puerperalis biliosa, Metrocholosis — f. Puerpe- rarum, Puerperal fever—f. Puncticularis, Mili- ary fever, Typhus gravior-—f. Puerperalis, Fever, puerperal—f. Purpurate rubra et alba miliaris, Miliary fever—f. Purulenta, Fever, purulent — f. Putrida, Typhus gravior—f. Putrida nervosa, Typhus mitior—f. Quart ana, Quartan — f. Quer- quera, see Algidus—f. Quinta, Quintan—f. Quin- tana, Fever, quintan, Quintan — f. Quotidian.a, Fever, quotidian, Quotidian—f. Re^ularis, Fever, 5 FEE regular—f. Remittens, Remittent fever—f. Re- mittens infantum, Fever, infantile remittent—f. Rheumatica inflammatoria, Rheumatism, acute— f. Rubra, Scarlatina—f. Rubra pruriginosa, Urti- caria—f. Sanguinea, Synocha—f. Sapropyra, Ty- phus gravior — f. Scarlatinosa, Scarlatina—f. Scorbutica, Fever, scorbutic — f. Seniitertiana, Hemitritasa—f. Septana, Fever, septan—f. Ses- quialtera, Hemitritasa—f. Sextana, Fever, sextan — f. Simplex, Ephemera, Fever, simple — f. Sin- gultosa, Fever, singultous — f. Soporosa, Fever, apoplectic — f. Stercoralis, Fever, stercoral — f. Sthenica, Synocha—f. Stomachica inflammato- ria, Gastritis—f. Subintrans, Fever, subintrant— f. Sudatoria, Fever, diaphoretic, llydropyretus, Sudor anglicus—f. Syncopalis, Fever, syncopal— f. Syphilitica, Fever, syphilitic—f. Tabida, Fever, colliquative, Hectic fever — f. Tertiana, Fever, tertian, Tertian fever—f. Tonica, Synocha—f. Topica, Neuralgia, facial—f. Toxica, Fever, yel- low— f. Tragica, Fever, tragic — f. Traumatica, Fever, traumatic—f. Tropica, Fever, yellow—f. Typhodes, Typhus—f. Urticata, Urticaria—f. Ute- rina, Metritis —f. Vaga, Fever, anomalous, see Planetes—f. Variolosa, Variola—f. Verminosa, Fever, infantile remittent, F. verminous, Helmin- thopyra-—f. Vernalis, Fever, vernal—f. Vesicu- laris, Miliary Fever, Pemphigus—f. Virginum, Chlorosis. FEB'RUA ; from febrtto, ' I purge.' In an- cient mythology, a goddess who presided over menstruation. FECAL, Stercoraceous. FECES, Fasces. FECONDATION, Fecundation. FECONDITE, Fecundity. FECULA, Fm'cula, diminutive of fax, 'lee.' An immediate principle of vegetables, composed of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon. It exists in several plants, and has different names, accord- ing to that which furnishes it. AVhen extracted from wheat or barley, it is called starch, Am'y- lurn. AVhen from Cycas circina'lis, Sago ;—from Orchis mo'rio, Salep. AVe say, also, Fecula of the Potato, Bryony, Arum, 3Ianioc, Ac. Fecula, G keen. This name is given to a green, solid matter, of variable character, which is be- lieved to be resinous, and which renders turbid several kinds of juices, extracted from vegetables. It is, also, called Chlorophyll. Fecula Amylacea, Amylum — f. Marantes, Arrow-root—f. Tapioka, see Jatropha manihot. FECULENCE, Faculen'tia, Fmcos'itas, Fax, Lemma, Fa'ces, Lee, Deposit, Dregs. In J'?/t>r- macy, feculent, albuminous, or other substances, which are deposited from turbid fluids. FECULENT, Faculcn'tus, liiij-ot'rygus, Try- go'des. 'Foul, dreggy, excremcutitious;' as a feculent fluid, feculent evacuations, Ac FECUND, Fecun'dus, Facun'tlus, (F.) Fi'cond. Same etymon as the next Fruitful, Prolific. FECUNDATION, Facunda'tio, Impregna- tion, Impragna'tio, Ingrarida'tio, Prmgna'tio, Gravida'tio, Pragna'txis, Fruetific.a'tio, Cye'sis, Encye'sis, Eucymo'sia, Procreu'tion, (F.) Fecun- dation. The act by which, in organized beings, the material furnished by the generative organs of the female, unites with that prepared by those of the male, so that a new being results. FECUN'DITY, Eutoc'ia, Facun'ilitas, Pro- ductiv'itas, (F.) Recondite. The faculty of repro- duction, possessed by organized bodies. It has been estimated that throughout a coun- try, taking one marriage with another, not more than 4 children are the result; and in towns only 35 children to 10 marriages. FEE, Sostru-nL, 36 FEET 366 FEIGNED DISEASES FEET, BURNING OF THE. A singular ca- chectic disease, described by Mr. Malcolmson as occurring in India, the prominent symptom of which was a sense of burning in the feet. FEGARITE, Cancer aquatieus, Stomatitis, pseudo-membranous. FEIGNED DISEASES, Morbi diasimxda'ti seu simula'ti seu cela'ti seu infitia'ti sen 2)seuda'- lei, Sim'ulated diseases, Pretend'ed diseaaea, (F.) 3raladiea dissimulees, M. simuUcs, 3f. feintea, M. supposees. The tricks employed, by impos- tors, to induce a belief that they are attacked with diseases when they are not. These are ge- nerally assumed by beggars to obtain alms; by criminals to escape punishment; and by soldiers to be exempt from duty. The following table exhibits the chief feigned diseases, with the means of detection. A TABLE OF FEIGNED, PRETENDED, SIMULATED, OR EXCITED DISEASES OR DISQUALIFICATIONS. Diseases, Ac. How Feigned. How Detected. 1. Abortion. 2. Abstinence. 3. Amaurotic Blindness. 4. Apoplexy. 5. Cachexia, Ana- mia, and Debility. 6. Excretion of Calculi. 7. Cancerous Ul- cer. 8. Catalepsy. 9. Chorea. 10. Contraction of Joints in Gene- ral 11. Contraction of TnE Fingers. 12. Convulsions. 13. Opake Cornea. 14. Cutaneous Dis- eases By staining the clothes and body with borrowed blood. By applying the extraot of bella- donna or datura stramonium to the eye. By falling down as if deprived of sensation and consciousness. Using substances to make the face appear pale and livid. Indulging freely in wine, and privation of sleep prior to examination. Putting sand, pebbles, Ac, into the urine. By gluing on a portion of a spleen with the smooth side to the skin, leaving on the outside the ap- pearance of an ulcerated surface. By seeming to be suddenly motion- less, the joints remaining flexible, and external objects making no impression. By assuming the convulsive motions of a part which characterize cho- rea. Produced by the application of a strong acid, by acrid powders, as quicklime, Ac. Some articles of diet will bring on urticaria or nettle-rash, in parti- cular individuals, as shell-fish, bitter almonds, Ac. By acrids, acids, or any irritants applied to the surface. An ointment of tar- tarized antimony causes a painful pustular eruption. See Porrigo, in this list By constant and minute attention. Amaurosis is characterized by dila- ted pupil. AVhere these sub- stances have been applied, the effects will go off in ten days or a fortnight. By powerful stimulants; an electric shock; application of hot water, sternutatories, actual cautery, Ac. By examining if the pulse be strong, and the skin hot, and whether there be loss of appetite or of strength, or swelling of the limbs. By the aid of chymistry. AVe are acquainted with the chymical composition of urinary calculi. By noticing whether there be signs of cachexia, and by attentive ex- amination of the part By powerful stimulants, as recom- mended under apoplexy. Letting fall a drop of boiling water on the back. Proposing to use the ac- tual cautery, and seeing whether the pulse rises. By examining the patient whilst he may imagine himself unobserved, and seeing whether the convul- sive motions go on. By anaes- thetics, i?) Mode of discrimination sometimes so obscure as to deceive the most practised and attentive. Introduce a cord between the fin- gers and the palm of the hand, and gradually apply weights so as to expand the fingers. Confine him so that he cannot obtain his food without using his clenched hand. AArhen feigned, they do not present the rigidity of muscles or the ra- pidity of action which characte- rize the real. The mode of de- tection must be the same as in epilepsy. The existence of the opacity can be detected by attentive observation . By careful examination on the part of practitioner and nurse. FEIGNED DISEASES 367 FEIGNED DISEASES Diseases, Ac. How Feigned. How Detected. 15.Deaf-Dumbness. - 16. Deafness. It may be assumed or excited by putting a pea in the ear, or by inserting irritants, so as to induce inflammation and temporary loss of function. 17. Death. 18. Debility, see Cachexia. 19. Deformity. 20. Delivery. 21. Diarrhcea. 22. Dropsy. 23. Dysentery. 24. Epilepsy. 25. Fever. 26. Fistula in Ano. 27. Fractures. Some persons er vaginam. 58. Stammering. By examining whether- the arteries of the two arms beat alike; and if a ligature be placed on the arm.. By examining the general habit, and observing whether the ulcer rations be glandular, and the dis- charge of a scrofulous character. By examining the general habit; whether debilitated, cachectic, and possessing the usual general signs of scorbutus. Simulators of this defect generally state, that it is connate, or ascribe it to a fit of apoplexy or severe fever. AVhere the organs of speech were perfect, and the mo- ral evidence of the previous ex- istence of the infirmity was not satisfactory, the French authori- ties used to confine the soldiers, and not supply them with food, until they called for it without stammering. :j 24 FEL 370 FEMUR Diseases, Ac. How Feigned. How Detected. 59. Stricture of the Urethra. 60. Swelling of the Legs. 61. Syncope. 62. Tympany. 63 Ulcer Ear. 64. Ulcers of the Legs, Ac. 65. Bloody Urine. i. Incontinence of Urine. 67. Varicose Veins. - | By ligatures round the thighs. Ligatures are sometimes used to prevent the pulse being felt. By applying lotions to the face to make it pale. Persons have possessed the power of swallowing air, so as to distend the stomach, and simulate tympany. By introducing a tent, imbued with blistering plaster into the ear, and repeating the application, until the tube becomes ulcerated, and a discharge of puriform mat- ter is established. The fetid smell is imitated, by dropping into the ear & mixture of empyreumatic oil, asafoetida, and old cheese. Also, by introducing a little honey into the meatus. By corrosives, or irritants. Some- times by abrasion, by rubbing sand on the shin-bone. At others, they are pretended, by gluing on a piece of spleen or tbe skin of a frog. The fruit of tbe Indian Fig (Cactus opuntia) colours the urine as red as blood. Cantharides will cause it. Blood may also be procured and mixed with the urine. By passing a bougie. Examine the limbs uncovered. By using sternutatories. By the absence of some of the symptoms of syncope. Examine the naked arms. AVash the face. By a ligature, placed tightly round the limb. They may be excited in this manner, or aggravated if already existing. - By careful examination. Artificial ulcers have, usually, a more distinct margin, and are more readily healed than others; the latter being generally indi- cative of an impaired constitu- tion. By making the patient pass his urine in the presence of the phy- sician, and examining the vessel before and after. By cutting off the supply of any substance,which could cause the appearance. Difficult, at times, of detection. Give the person a full dose of opium, and introduce the catheter when he is asleep. If there be urine, the incontinence is feigned. By examining the limb. FEL, Bile—f. Anguillas, see Bile—f. Bovinum, Bile of the Ox — f. Bovis, see Bile — f. Naturae, Aloes—f. Tauri, see Bile — f. Terras, Ludus Hel- montii—f. Ursi, see Bile—f. Vitri, see Vitrum. FELDSCIIEEREN, Bathers. FELIXEUS, Bilious. FELLEUS, Biliary, Bilious. FELLIDUCUS, Cholagogue. FELLIS OBSTRUCTIO, Icterus —f. Super- fusio. Icterus—f. Suffusio, Icterus. FELON, Paronychia. FELTING, from Anglo-Saxon pelt;, cloth or stuff made without xceaving. Tangling. A term applied to the hair when inextricably interlaced, as occurs occasionally in women from inattention. FELURE DE GLASER, Fissure, glenoid. FELWORT, Gentiana lutea. FEMALE, Fcem'ina, Gyne, (F.) Femelle, from orrhcea. FLUX'ION, Flux'io, Afflux -ia A flow of blood or other humour towards any organ with greater force than natural. A determination. Thus we say, in those disposed to apoplexy, there is a fluxion or determination of blood to the head. FLUXION CATARRHALE, Catarrh—/ eur les Dents, Odontalgia. FLUXION DE POITRINE, (F.) By this name, the French often understand acute pulmo- nary catarx-h, or pleurisy, but most commonly perxpneumony. FLUXUS, Discharge—f. Alvinus, Diarrhoea— f. Chylosus, Coeliac flux—f. Cosliacus, Coeliac flux — f. Cosliacus per Renes, Chyluria—f. Cruentus cum tenesmo, Dysentery — f. Dysentericus, Dy- sentery—f. Hepaticus, Hepatirrhosa, see Hepate- ros—f. Lientericus, Lientery—f. Lunaris, Menses —f. Matricis, Leucorrhoea—f. Menstrualis, Men- struation — f. Menstruus, Menses — f. Muliebris, Leucorrhoea—f. Salivas, Salivation—f. Splenicus, Melasna — f. Venereus, Gonorrhoea impura — f. Ventriculi, Gastrorrhoea. FLYTRAP, Apocynum androsasmifolium. FOC'ILE. This name was formerly given to the bones of the leg, as well as to those of the forearm. Focile Majus, Tibia — f. Inferius seu majus, Tllna—f. Minus, Fibula—f. Minus seu superius, Radius. F03CUNDATI0, Fecundation. F03CUNDITAS, Fecundity. F03CUNDUS, Fecund. FffiDI COLORES, Chlorosis. FffiMEN, Perinosum. FffiMINA, Female. FffiMINESCENTIA, Feminescence. F(EXICULUA1, Anethum—f. Aquaticum, Phel- landrium aquaticum—f. Erraticum, Peucedanum silaus—f. Marinum, Crithmum maritimum — f. Officinale, Anethum — f. Porcinum, Peucedanum —f. Arulenao''rium Testis, (F.) Gouvernail du testicu.le. A triangular, fibro-cellular cord; which, in the foetus, arises from the ramus of the ischium and the skin of the scrotum, and proceeds to the posterior part of the testicle, before this organ issues from the abdomen. It has been supposed to be a continuation of the fascia superficialis with muscular fibres from the internal oblique muscle, which pass upwards to the testis when in the abdomen; and by their contraction draw the testis down, and ultimately form the cremas- ter muscle. GUEPE, Wasp. GUERISON, Cure. GUERISSARLE, Curable. GUI, A'iscum album. GUILANDI'NA MORIN'GA, Hyperanthe'ra moringa. A plant, which affords the Ben nut, and tbe lignum nephriticum. It is also called 3Iorin'ga Ole'ifera seu Zeylan'ica seu Nux ben seu Pterygosper'ma. The nut Ben, Glans un- guenta'ria, Ben Nux, Bal'anus 3Iyrep'aica, San'- dalum cmru'leum, Oily Acorn or Ben nut, is a West India nut which furnishes an oil, O'leum Balanlnum, that does not become rancid by age, and is hence used by perfumers. It is purgative, The wood of the Guilandina is called Lignum Ncphrilicnm, and has been used in decoction, in affections of the urinary organs. GUI3IAUVE, Althaea—g. Veloutee, Hibiscus abelmosehus. GULA, Oesophagus, Pharynx. GUL.E IMBECILLITAS, Pharyngoplegia— g. Principium, Pharynx. GULLET, Oesophagus. GULOSUS, Glutton. GUM ANIME, Anime — g. Arabic, Acacia? gummi — g. Bassora, Bassora gum—g. British, Dextrin — g. Butea, see Butea frondosa — g. Ca- ranna, Caranna — g. Dragon, Tragacantha—g. Elastic, Caoutchouc—g. Falling away of the, Ulatrophia — g. Hemlock, see Pinus Canadensis — g. Indigenous, Gummi nostras—g. Juniper, Sandarac—g. Orenburg, see Pinus larix—g. Red, Strophulus—g. Resin, Gummi resina—g. Sanda- raeh, Sandarac — g. Seneca, Acacias gummi — g. Senega, Acacias gummi — g. Shrinking of the, Ulatrophia—g. Sweet, Liquidambar styraciflua— <*. Tragacanth, Tragacanth—g. Tree, brown, see Kino — g. White, Strophulus—g. Yellow, Icterus infantum. Gum-Lancet, Dentiecal'pium, Odontog'lyphon, (F.) Dechauaaoir. An instrument for separating the gum from the cervix of the tooth, prior to extraction. It is formed much like a fleam. The operation itself is called Lancing the gums, Den'- tium aeolptu'ra, (F.) Dechaussement. GUMBOIL, Parulis. GUMMA, (F.) Gomme. An elastic tumour, formed in the periosteum, occupying particularly GUMMI 419 GUTTA the cranium and sternum, and produced by the syphilitic virus, when it has been long in the con- stitution. It is so called, because, when opened, it contains a matter like gum. GUMMI, Commi, xoppi, (F.) Gomme. An im- mediate principle of vegetables. It is a solid, uncrystallizable, inodorous substance, of a mawk- ish taste, unchangeable in the air, insoluble in alcohol, but soluble in water, with which it forms a mucilage. It is obtained from various species of mimosa and prunus; and consequently there are many varieties of gum. They are used in medicine as demulcents, emollients, and relax- ants, particularly in catarrh, intestinal irritations, Ac.; and in Pharmacy, they are employed in the formation of emulsions, pills, Ac Gummi Acaci.e Arabice, Acacias gummi — g. Acanthinum, Acacias gummi—g. Adstringens Fo- thergilli, Kino—g. Ammoniacum, Ammoniac—g. Anime, Anime—g. Arabicum, Acacias gummi—g. Astragali Tragacanthas, Tragacantha—g. Bogia, Cambogia—g. Brelisis, Caranna—g. Copallinum, Copal—g. Elasticum, Caoutchouc—g. Euphorbias, see Euphorbia officinarum—g. Gamandras,Cambo- gia—g. Gambiense, Kino—g. de Goa, Cambogia— g. Gutta, Cambogia—g. Hederas, see Hedera helix —g. de Jemu, Cambogia—g. Juniperi, Sandarac ■—g. Laccas, Lacca — g. Ladanum, see Cistus cre- ticus—g. Lamac, Acacias gummi—g. Laricis, see Pinus larix—g. Leucum, Acacias gummi. Gummi Nostras, (F.) Gomme du Pays ; Tndig"- enous Gum. These generic names are given to several species of gum, which flow spontaneously from certain indigenous fruit trees, — such as the almond, cherry, peach, apricot, Ac. The indige- nous gums have nearly the same properties as gum Arabic ; but they are inferior to it. Gummi Orenburgense, see Pinus larix—g. Pa- naris, see Pastinaca opoponax—g. ad Podagram, Cambogia. Gummi-Resina, Gum-Resin. A milky juice, obtained by making incisions into the branches, stalks and roots of certain vegetables. Gum-re- Bins are compounds of resins, gum, essential oil, and different other vegetable matters. They are solid, opake, brittle, of a strong odour, acrid taste, variable colour, and are heavier than water. AA'ater dissolves a part of them, and alcohol an- other ; hence proof spirit is the proper menstruum. The generality of the gum-resins are powerful stimulants to the whole or to parts of the econo- my. The chief are asafoetida, gum ammoniac, euphorbium, galbanum, camboge, myrrh, olibanum, opoponax, scammony, aloes, Ac Gummi Rubrum Adstringens Gambiense, Ki- no, see Butea Frondosa—g. Seneca, Senegal gum — g. Senega, Senegal, gum—g. Senegalense, Se- negal, gum — g. Senica, Senegal, gum — g. Sera- pionis, Acacias gummi — g. Thebaicum, Acacias gummi — g. Tragacantha, Tragacantha—g. Ura- lense, see Pinus larix. GUMMIDODES, Mucilaginous. GUMMIODES, Mucilaginous. GUMMOSUS, Mucilaginous. GUMS, Gingivae. GUN-COTTON, see Collodion — g. c. Ethereal solution of, Collodion. GUNJAH, see Bangue. GUNNERA PERPEN'SA. A South Afri- can plant, Nat. Ord. Urticaccae ; the decoction of which is taken as a domestic remedy by the farm- ers, as a tonic in dyspepsia. A tincture has been used in gravel. An infusion of the leaves is de- mulcent, and js employed in pulmonary affections. The leaves are applied fresh, to cure wounds and aloers. GURGITELLO, MINERAL WATERS OF. A thermal spring in the isle of Ischia. Temp, at its source, 176° Fah. It contains carbonic acid, carbonates of lime, magnesia, iron and soda, sul- phates of lime and soda, chloride of sodium and silica. GURGLING. ' Gushing with noise,' as water from a bottle. (F.) Gargouillemexrt, same etymon as gargle. The rhonchus or rdle heard on aus- cultation when there is a cavity in the lungs con- taining pus. It is the ' cavernous rattle or rhon- chus,' Rale caverneux. The size of the bubbles heard varies, and hence the rhonchus has been called cavernous and eavern'ulous, (F.) Rdle ca- vemuleux. If the cavern be large, this rdle will nearly resemble the gurgling of a bottle (glouglou d'une bouteille;) if, on the contrary, the cavern be small, it will not differ from the rdle mu- queux. GURGULIO, Penis, Uvula. GUSTATIF, (Nerfi) see Lingual nerve. GUSTATION, Degustation, Taste. GUSTATORY NERVE, see Lingual Nerve. GUSTUS, Taste—g. Depravatus, Parageustia. GUT, Intestine—g. Blind, Cascum. GUTS, SLIPPERINESS OF THE, Lientery. GUTTA, Apoplexy, Cambogia, Gout — g. Ga- mandras, Cambogia — g. Gamba, Cambogia — g. Opaca, Cataract. Gutta. A Drop, Stalag'ma, Alun'sel, Stilla, (F.) Goutte. A quantity of liquid, generally va- lued, in pharmacy, at the weight of a grain. The weight, however, varies according to different circumstances, as the degree of tenacity of the fluid, and the extent of moist surface to which the suspended drop is attached before it falls ; and it was found by Mr. Alsop to be influenced by the size of the bottle, and the angle of inclination at which it was held during the operation of drop- ping. The following are some of his results as to the number of drops reiruired to measure a fluidrachm, when dropped from a large and a small bottle. From a large From a small bottle. bottle. (f^j) Diluted sulphuric acid... .24 drops 84 drops Scheele's hydrocyanic acid 35..... 70 Distilled water...........31..... 54 Solution of ammonia.....40..... 48 Tincture of opium........84.....135 Rectified spirits.........100.....130 Tincture of chloride of iron 100.....150 Gutta Perciia. The concrete juice of a tree —Isonan'dra gutta—which is indigenous in Sing- apore and its vicinity, and belongs to the Natural order Sapotaceas. Plunged in boiling water it softens, when it may be moulded like caoutchouc to any form, which it retains on cooling. Splints and other instruments have been made of it. Gutta Rosacea Syphilitica, Crown of Venus. Gutta Rosea, Gutta Rosa'cea, lon'thxts co- rymb'ifer, Crusta serpigino'sa, C. prurigino'sa, Acne rosa'cea, Rose'ola acno'sa, Thylacii'tia, Rac- chia, Rutiga, Carbuncled Face, Rosy Drop or Whelk, Copper-nose, Rottle-nose, Grog-blossoms, Grog-roses, (F.) Couperose, Goutte Rose, Roxir- geons, Dartre puatn'euse couperose. An eruption of small, suppurating tubercles, with shining red- ness, and an irregular granular appearance of the skin of the part of the face which is affected. The redness commonly appears first at the end of the nose, and then spreads on both sides. It is often produced by hard drinking. Its cure must be attempted by regular regimen, and cool ■ GUTT.E 42i ing means internally: weak spirituous or satur- nine lotions externally. The affection is usually very obstinate. Gutta Serena, Amaurosis. GUTTLE ABBATIS ROUSSEAU, Laudanum abbatis Rousseau—g. Ammoniaci, see Ammoniac gum—g. Acidas tonicas, Elixir Acidum Halleri— g. Nervinas, Alcohol sulfurico-aethereus ferri. Guttle Nigr.e, Ace'tum o'pii, Common Rlack Drop. (Opii ^viij, aceti destillat. Ibij, Infuse.) The celebrated Plack Drop, Lan'caster or Qua- ker's Rlack Drop, may be made as follows. Take half a pound of opium sliced ; three pints of good verjuice, (juice of the wild crab,) one and a half ounce of nutmegs, and half an ounce of saffron. Boil to a proper thickness, and add a quarter of a pound of sugar, and two spoonfuls of yeast. Set the whole in a warm place, near the fire, for six or eight weeks; then place it in the open air un- til it becomes a syrup. Lastly, decant, filter, and bottle it up,' adding a little sugar to each bottle. One drop is equal to three of laudanum; and it is nearly devoid of all the unpleasant exciting effects of the latter. An analogous formula is contained in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States under the name Ace'tum opii, Vinegar of Opium. GUTTALIS CARTILAGO, Arytenoid Carti- lage. GUTTERIA, Bronchocele. GUTTUR. The throat; the larynx; the trachea. Guttur Globosum, Bronchooele—g. Tumidum, Bronchocele. GUT'TURAL, Guttura'lisr from guttur, 'the throat.' Relating or belonging to the throat. The Superior Thyroideal Artery is sometimes called Guttural Artery. A Guttural Cough is one occasioned by irrita- tion of the larynx or trachea. A Guttural Sound is one produced, as it were, in the throat. GUTTURIS OS, Hyoides os. GUTTURNIA, Arytenoid cartilages. GYMNA, Genital Organs. GYMNASION, Exercise. GYMNA'SIUM, from yvpvog, 'naked.' Palms'- tra. An establishment amongst the ancients, in- tended for bodily exercises, as wrestling, running, Ac.; a term now used in Germany, more espe- cially for an academy or higher school. GYMNAST, Gymnas'tes, Gymnas'ta; same etymon. The manager of a gymnasium. One, whose profession it is to prevent or cure diseases by gymnastics. GYMNAS'TICS, Gymnae'tica, 3Iedx'ci'na gym- nas tica seu euect'ica, Somacet'ics. Same etymon. That part of hygienic medicine which treats of bodily exercises. It is called Med'ical Gymnas- tics. The ancients had also Athlet'ic Gymnastics, and Military Gymnastics. Herodicus, of Seli- vrasa, first proposed gymnastics for the cure of disease. GYMNOC'LADUS CANADEN'SIS, Coffee Tree, 31ahogarty, Nickar Tree, Bondue. An in- digenous tree, which grows from Ohio to Louisi- ana. The leaves are cathartic, and said to con- tain cytisin. The seeds are a good substitute for coffee. 0 GYRUS GYMNOGRAMME CETERACH, Asplenium ceterach. GYMNOSIS, Denudation. GYNiE'CANER, from ywn, 'a woman,' and avnp, ' a man.' Vir effmmina'tus. An effeminate man. GYN^ECEA, Gynasceia. GYNiECEI'A, Gynmci'a, Gynmce'a, from ywn, 'a woman.' The catamenia; — the lochia. The diseases of women in general.—Hippocrates, Ga- len, Foesius. GYNjECEUM, Antimonium, Vulva. GYN^ECE'US, from ywn, ' a woman.' Belong- ing to women. Female. Feminine. GYN^ICIA, Gynasceia, Menses. GYNjECOLOC'IA, Gynecology, from yvvn, 'a woman,' and Xoyog, 'a description.' The doc- trine of the nature, diseases, Ac. of women. GYNiECOMA'NIA, from ywn, 'woman,' and pavta, 'mania,' 'rage.' That species of insanity, which arises from love for women. Some have used the word synonymously with nymphomania. GYN^ECOMAS'TUS, Gynacomas'thus, from yvvn, 'woman,' andpaarog, 'abreast.' A man whose breasts are as large as those of a woman.—Galen, Ingrassias. A considerable enlargement of the breasts of a female was formerly called Gynacomas'ton. GYNiECOMYS'TAX,from ywn, 'woman,'and fiuoraf, 'the beard.' The hair on the pubes of women.—Rolfink. GYN,ECOPHO'NUS, from ywn, 'a woman,' and ipoivn, 'voice.' A man who has an effeminate voice. GYNANDRIA, Hermaphrodeity. GYNANDRUS, Gynanthropus. GYNANTHRO'PUS, Gynan'drus. An her- maphrodite who belongs more to the male than to the female sex. GYNATRE'SIA, from ywn, 'a woman,' and arpnrog, 'imperforate.' Closure or imperforation of the external parts of generation of the female. GYNE, Female. GYNECOLOGY, Gynascologia. GYNIDA, Hermaphrodite. GYNOARIUM, Ovarium. • GYNOPLAS'TIC, Gynoplas'ticus, from yvvn, 'a woman,' and irXaaow, 'I form.' The gynoplas- ty operation is employed for opening or dilating the closed or contracted genital openings of the female. GYPSY-WEED, Lycopus sinuatus, and L. Vir- ginicus. GYRI CEREBRI, Anfractuosities (cerebral,) Convolutions (cerebral,)—g. Cochleae, Scala? of the Cochlea. GYROMIA VIRGINICA, Medeola Virginica. GYROPHLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata. GYROPHORA, see Tripe de Roche. GYRUS, Anfractuosity, Convolution. _ GYRUS FORNICA'TUS, 'Arched convolu- tion.' A large convolution of the brain, which lies horizontally on the corpus callosum, and may be traced forwards and backwards to the base of the brain, terminating by each extremity at the fissure of Sylvius. The surface of the hemi- sphere, where it comes in contact with the corpus callosum, is bounded by it. HAB-EL-KALIMBAT 421 H.EMATEMESIS H. HAB-EL-KALIMBAT, Pistacia terebinthus. HABBI, Hugenia Abyssinica. HABE'NA. A Rridle, Tel'amon. A bandage for uniting the lips of wounds; which, in many instances, replaced the suture.—Galen. HABENiE OF THE PINEAL GLAND, see Pineal gland. HABIL'LA DE CARTHAGE'NA, Bejuio, Carthage'na Bean, (F.) Feve de Carthagene. A kind of bean of South America, famed as an ef- fectual antidote for the poison of all serpents, if a small quantity be eaten immediately. HABIT, Habitu'do, from habere, 'to have or to hold;' Assuetu'do, 3fos, Usus, Consuetu'do, Ethos, 't%ig, Hexis, Ethmos'yne, (F.) Habitude, Accoutumance. Habit is the aptitude for repeat- ing certain acts : — or, a facility, which results from the frequent repetition of the same act. It is, according to vulgar expression, ' a second na- ture.' Habit may predispose to certain diseases, or it may protect us against them. It ought not to be lost sight of, in attending to the progress of disease, or of its treatment. Habit of Body, Constitu'tio, Hab'itus, Hab'- itus Cor'poris, Catas'tasis, Hexis, Epiphani'a, (F.) Habitude exterieure, Habitude du corps. The aggregate of the physical qualities of the human body. HABITUDE, Habit — h. du Corps, Habit of body—h. Exterieure, Habit of body. HABITUDO, Habit. HABITUS, Habit of body —h. Apoplecticus, Apoplectic habit—h. Corporis, Habit of body. HACHICH, see Bangue. HACHISCH, Bangue. HACKBERRY, Celtis occidentalis. H^EMA, 'atpa, 'aiparog, 'blood.' H^MACHROINE, Hasmatine. H^EMACHRO'SES, ((G.) Ham achrosen,) from 'aipa, ' blood,' and xP^eng, ' coloration.' A family of diseases in which the blood has its co- lour different from usual, as in purpura and cya- nosis.—Fuchs. HiEMACY'ANIN, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and xvavog, 'blue.' A blue colouring matter, detected by Sanson in healthy blood, and in bile by some chemists, but not by others. H/EMADON'OSUS, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and vooog, ' a disease.' Hamatangion'oaua, Hmmatan- gionu'sus, Hamatangio'sis. Disease of the blood- vessels. H^MADOSTO'SIS, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and ooriaoig, ' a bony tumour.' Ossification of the blood-vessels. H.EMADYNAMETER, Hasmadynamometer. H^EMADYNAMOM'ETER, Hamatodyna- mom'eter, Hamadynam'eter, Hamom'eter, Hama- tom'eter, (F.) Hemadynamltre, Hemometre ; from 'aipa, 'blood,' Swaptg, 'power,' and ptrpov, 'a measure.' An instrument for measuring the force of the blood in the vessels. It consists of a bent glass tube, the lower bent part of which is filled with mercury. A brass head is fitted into the artery, and a solution of carbonate of soda is interposed between the mercury and the blood, which is allowed to enter the tube for the pur- pose of preventing its coagulation. The pressure of the blood on the mercury in the descending portion of the bent tube causes the metal to rise in the ascending portion; and the degree to which it rises indicates the pressure under which the blood moves. H^EMAGASTRIC PESTILENCE, Fever, yellow. H^MAGOGUM, Pasonia. H-,.5'a>- matos'cheum, from 'aipa, 'blood,' oaxtov, 'scrotum,' and xnXn, 'rupture.' Effusion of blood into the scrotum. HEMATOSCHEUM, Hasmatoscheocele. HEMATOSCOP'IA, Hamoscop'ia,(F.) Hemor- rhoseopie, from 'atpa, 'blood,' and oxoirtor, 'I view.' An examination of blood drawn. HEMATOSEPSIS, Hasmateclysis. HEMATOSIN, Hasmatin. HEMATO'SIS, Examato'sis, Enhamato'sxs, Hamatopoie'sia, Hamatopoe'sis, Proereo'tio san- guinis; Decarboniza'tion, Atmospheriza'tioxx of the blood; Sanguiflea'tion; from 'aipa, 'blood.' The transformation of the venous blood and chyle into arterial blood by respiration. Called, also, Aera'tion, Artex-ioliza'Hon of the blood. Forma- tion of blood in general. HEMATOSPILIA, Purpura hsemorrhagica. HEMATOSPONGUS, Hasmatodes fungus. HEMATOSTAT'ICA, from 'aipa, ' blood,' and arurtxn, 'statics.' Ischa'mia, Hamastot'ica, Ha- rnatostalios, Hamostalics, Ena'ma, (F.) Hernatos- tatiquea, HemaMatiquea, Hemostotiques. The doc- trine of the motion of the blood in living bodies. Also, remedies for stopping blood.— Catoataltica. HEMATOS'TEON, from 'atpa, ' blood,' and oarttav, ' a bone.' Effusion of blood into the bones or joints. HEMATOSYMPHORESIS, Congestion. HEMATOSYNAGOGE, Congestion. HEMATOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia. HEMATO'TIS, Hmma'tus, from 'atpa, 'blood,' and ovg, gen. urrog, ' the ear.' Effusion of blood into the inner ear. HEMATOTHO'RAX, Hmmatho'rax, Hmmo- tho'rax, Hmmop'tysis inter'na, Pleurorrhce'a san- guin'ea, Pxieumorrhag"ia inter'na, Hemorx-hag'Ho Plen'risy, Pleural hem'orrhage, from 'atpa, ""blood,' and duipal, ' the chest.' Extravasation of blood into the chest. HEMATOX'YLON CAMPECHIA'NUM, Aca'cj'o Zeylon'ica, Logwood. The part of the tree, used in medicine, is the wood, Hmmatox'yli Lignum, Lignum Campechen'se, L. Campechia'- HEMATURESIS 424 HEMOPTYSIS num, L. Campesca'num, L. In'dicum, L. Sappan, L. Brasilia'num rubrum, L. ceeru'leum, (F.) Bois de Campeche. Family, Leguminosas. Sex. Syst. De-sandria Monogynia. Logwood is almost ino- dorous ; of a sweetish, subastringent teste; and deep red colour. Its virtues are extracted both by water and alcohol. It is astringent and tonic, and is used in the protracted stage of diarrhoea and dysentery. HEMATURESIS, Hasmaturia. HEMATU'RIA, Hamature'sis, from 'atpa, 'blood,' and ovptta, 'I make urine.' Voiding of blood by urine. Hmmorrhag"ia hmmatu'ria, H. ex viris xirina'riis, Hmmure'sis, Hmmtlria, 3tictio cruen'ta, 31. Sanguin'ea, 3Iietus Cruexltus seu Sanguineus, Hmmorrha'a via'rum urinaria'rum, Sanguis in Uri'na, Bloody xtrine, (F.) Pissement de Sang, Hematurie. Hemorrhage from the mu- cous membrane of the urinary passages. Like other hemorrhages, it may be active or passive. It may proceed from the kidneys, bladder, or urethra. The essential symptoms are : — blood, evacuated by the urethra; preceded by pain in the region of the bladder or kidneys, and accom- panied by faintness. Whencesoever it proceeds, hasmaturia usually takes place by exhalation. Rupture of vessels is by no means common in the mucous membranes. Active hmmaturia requires general or local blood-letting; diluent and cool- ing drinks; absolute rest, and the horizontal posture. The chronic kind is more troublesome. It requires acidulated or aluminous drinks; cha- lybeates and tonics in general. When hasmaturia is excessive, cold injections may be thrown into the rectum or into the vagina of women, and to- pical applications be made to the perinasum. Hematuria Cystica, Cystorrhagia—h. Ejacu- latoria, Spermatocystidorrhagia — h. Seminalis, Spermatocystidorrhagia—h. Stillatitia, Urethror- rhagia. HEMATUS, Hasmatotis. HEMAXIS, Blood-letting. HEMENCEPHALUS, Apoplexy. HEMERYTHRUM, Hasmatin. HEMIDROSIS, see Diapedesis. HEMISCHESIS, Hasmatischesis. HEMI'TIS, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the blood. (F.) Hemite. The alteration of the blood that occurs in inflammatory diseases.— Piorry. HEMO-ARTHRITIS, Rheumatism, (acute.) HEMOCARDIORRHAG"IA, Apoplex'ia cor- dis, Apoplexy of the heax-t, from 'aipa, 'blood.' xapota. 'the heart,' and 'pnywpi, ' I break forth.' Effusion of blood into the substance of the heart. HEMOCERCH'NOS. This term has received two acceptations, owing to the different senses in which xtpxvog is employed; signifying, some- times, hissing; at others, dry. Consequently, the Hellenists have translated the compound word, at times, by spitting of blood, with hissing in the throat; at others, by evacuation of dry matters. HEMOCRYPHIA, Hasmatischesis. HEMODES, Sanguine. HEMO'DIA, Hmmodias'mus, Hemo'dia, He- betu'do seu Stupor Den'tium, from 'atptaStur, ('atpa, 'blood,' and obovg, 'a t^oth,') 'I have pain in the teeth.' Pain in the teeth,—and more especially Agacement, or the setting on edge of those bodies fey acid or acerb substances. It is also called Odon'tia Stupo'ris, Odontal'gia hjpmo'dia, Dolor den'tium d strido're, Catapfex'is, Odontamblyog'- mus, Odonthx/permsthe'aia, Tooth-edge. HEMODIASMUS, Hasmodia. HEMOIDES, Sanguine. HEMOPATHIA, Haematonosus. HEMOPERICAR'DIUM, Pericarditis exeu- dato'ria, from 'atpa, ' blood,' and pericardium. Effusion of blood into the pericardium. HEMOPERITONE'UM, from 'atpa, 'blood,' and mptrorvaiov, 'peritoneum.' Effusion of blood into the peritoneum. HEMOPEX'IE, (G.) Hamopexien, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and irn^tg, 'coagulation.' An order of diseases in which there is increased coagu- lability of the blood.—Hyperino'aia san'guinis.— Fuchs. HExMOPHEUM, Hasmaphein. HEMOPHILIA, Hasmatophilia. HEMOPHOBIA, Hasmatophobia. HEMOPHTHAL'MIA, Hmmatophthal'mia, Hamatop'sia, from 'atpa, 'blood,' and oijrdaXijpg, ' eye.' Hamalo'pia, Hamalo'pia, Ha'malopa. Ef- fusion of blood into the eye. When the extrava- sation is external, it is called H. exter'na, Hypos\ phag'ma and Hamalope externua; when internal, Hmmophthal'mio inter'na, Hydrophthal'xnus cru- en'txts, Hypoch'ysis bmmato'des,Hmmatom'ma, and Ha'malops inter'nus. A blood-shot eye. HEMOPLANIA MENSTRUALIS, Menstru- ation, vicarious. HEMOPLETHORA, Plethora. HEMOPROCTIA, Hasmorrhois. HEMOPTOE, Hasmoptysis —h. Laryngea et Trachealis, Tracheorrhagia. HEMOPTOSIS, Hasmoptysis. HEMOP'TYSIS, from 'atpa, 'blood,' andtrrou, 'I spit.' Spitting of blood, Hamorrhag"ia Ha- mop'tysis, Hamap'tysis, Hamatoptys'ia, Hama- top'tysis, Emp'toe, Emop'toe, Empto'ica pas'sio, Hamoptys'mus, Harnopto'sis, Sputum sang'uinis, San'guinis fixior pulmo'num, Emopto'ica pas'sio, Hamotis'mus, Haxnorrhce'a pulmona'lis, Cruen'ta exspui'tio, Hmmorrhag"ia pulmo'nis, Pas'sio ha- mopto'ica, Rejec'tio sang'uinis e pxdmo'nibus, Ex- pectora'tio sang'uinis, Hamorrhag"ia Rron'chica, Pneumorrhag" ia,Piieumonorrhag"ia,Pncumonor- rhce'a, Pronchorrhag"ia, Emp'tysis, Harnop'toe, Sputum cruen'tum, (F.) Hemoptysie, Crachement de sang, Expectoration de sang. Hemorrhage from the mucous membrane of the lungs; cha- racterized by the expectoration of more or less florid and frothy blood. It is generally preceded by cough ; dyspnoea; sense of heat in the chest, Ac. It is important to discriminate between hasmoptysis, produced by some accidental cause acting irregularly or periodically on the lungs; and that which is, as it were, constitutional, and dependent on some organic affection of the lungs, or some faulty conformation of the chest. These two varieties differ as much in their prognosis and method of treatment, as in their causes. Con- stitutional hasmoptysis is a serious disease, almost always announcing phthisis pulmonalis. The ac- cidental variety is chiefly dangerous by frequent recurrence, or too great loss of blood. The general causes of hasmoptysis are the same as those of other kinds of hemorrhage. It has, besides, particular causes; such as too great ex- ercise of the lungs; — loud speaking, playing on wind instruments, breathing acrid vapours, Ac. It usually occurs between puberty and the age of 35. A sudden and terrific kind of hasmoptysis is sometimes met with; consisting in a great afflux of blood to the lungs. This has been called Pulmonary Ap'oplexy, Apoplex'ia pulmo- na'lis, A. pulmo'num, Pneumorrhag"ia, Ixtfarc'tus hamorrhag"icus pxilmo'num, (F.) Apoplexie pul- monaire, Hemoptysie foudroyartte, Hemorrhag'ie interstitielle dxi Poumon. Infiltration of blood into the air-cells may occur without any hasmop- tysis. Physical signs. Percussion may not always aid us 'ji hasmoptysis, but generally a circum- 25 HEMORRHOIDAL HEMOPTYSMUS 41 scribed dulness will be perceived. The inspira- tory murmur, on auscultation, is feeble or absent, locally; and is replaced by bronchial respiration and bronchophony. A fine liquid crepitus is de- tected around the affected part; and in the larger tubes, near the spine, a liquid bubbling rhonchus is usually heard. The value of these signs is de- termined by the nature of the expectoration. The treatment of hasmoptysis must be like that of in- ternal hemorrhage in general. Hemoptysis Interna, Hasmatothorax—h. La- ryngea et Trachealis, Tracheorrhagia—h. Phthi- sis. Phthisis pulmonalis. HEMOPTYSMUS, Haemoptysis. HEMORMESIS, Hyperasmia. HEMORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica. HEMORRHAGE, Hasmorrhagia. HEMORRHAG"IA, from 'aipa, 'blood,'and pnyvvpt, ' I break forth.' San'guinis profiu'vium copio'sum, Sanguiflux'us, Hamatoch'ysis, Aimor- rhaz'a, Hamorrhoe'a, Hamatorrhag"ia, Hamatis'- mus, Hamatorrhce'a, Hamator'rhysis, Hamorr'hy- ds, Profiu'vium seu Prorup'tio seu Eruptio son- guinia, Profu'sio Sang'uinis, Hem'orrhage, Ha- morrhage, Pleeding, Loss of blood, Rupturing, bursting, or breaking of a blood-vessel, (F.) He- morrhagic ou Hemorhagie, Perte de sang, Flux de sang. Any discharge of blood from vessels des- tined to contain it; with or without rupture of their coats. Hemorrhages may be spontaneous or traumatic: the first belong to the domain of me- dicine, the latter to that of surgery. They may, also, be internal or external; general—as in scurvy—or local. The hemorrhages by exhalation —those which chiefly interest the physician— have been classed, by Pinel, as follows : — 1. He- morrhage of the 3Iucori8 3tembrane8; Epistaxis, Hasmoptysis, Haematemesis, Haemorrhoids, Has- maturia, Uterine Hemorrhage. 2. Hemorrhage of the Tissues; Cutaneous, Cellular, Serous, Sy- novial. Hemorrhages have generally been distinguished into active and passive: in other words, into those dependent upon augmentation of the organic ac- tions, and those dependent upon debility. Ac- cording to Broussais, no spontaneous hemorrhage is passive; all are active, — that is, produced by increased action and excess of irritation of the blood-vessels : they may occur xrith debility, but not from debility. He calls those only pasaive hemorrhages, which are owing to an external lesion of the vessels. Hemorrhages have been, by some, divided into conafitutional, or those de- pending on original conformation : — accidental, or those produced by some adventitious cause; supplementary, or those which succeed others; symptomatic, critical, Ac. AVhen hemorrhage takes place into any tissue, or is interstitial, it receives the name, with many, of apoplexy. Active Hemorrhage, Hemorrhag"ia acti'va, H. arterio'aa, Caurna hamorrhag" icum, Angrior- rhag"ia, occurs chiefly in the young and pletho- ric. Good living; the use of fermented liquor— excessive exercise, or too sedentary a life, may perhaps be ranked as predisponent causes. It is commonly preceded by heaviness and pulsation in the part, — owing to the afflux of blood and consequent hyperasmia, — and by coldness of the extremities. The blood, evacuated, is generally of a florid red. In such active hemorrhages, the great indications of treatment will be, to dimi- nish plethora where it exists, and to lessen the heart's action. Bleeding, purgatives, and cold, will be the chief agents. Pa8aive Hemorrhage, Hamorrhag"ia pasai'va, H. Veno'sa, Profu'sio, P. hmmorrhag"ica, occurs in those of weak constitution; or who have been debilitated by protracted disease, poor diet, long watching, excessive evacuations, Ac. The direct causes may be:—previous active hemorrhage; scorbutus, or any thing capable of inducing atony or asthenic hyperasmia of tho small vessels. These hemorrhages are not pre-y ceded by excitement or by any signs of local de- termination. They are usually accompanied by paleness of the countenance; feeble pulse ; faint- ing, Ac. The indications of treatment will be :— to restore the action of the small vessels and the general tone of the system : hence the utility of styptics and cold externally; and of tonics and astringents, creosote, mineral acids, Ac, inter- nally. Hemorrhage also occurs from mechanical hyperasmia, as when hasmoptysis is produced by tubercles in the lungs; hasmatemesis by disease of some of the solid viscera of the abdomen, Ac. In Traumatic Hemorrhages, or those whicb are the consequences of wounds of arterial or venous trunks, the blood is of a florid red colour, and issues by jets and pulses, if it proceed from an artery; whilst it is of a deeper red, issues slowly and by a continuous flow, if from a vein. If the capillary vessels be alone divided, the blood is merely effused at the surface of the wound. Of the means used for arresting these traumatic he- morrhages, some act mechanically as abaorbents, ligature, and compression; others chymically, as fire, caustics, creosote, astringents, Ac. Hemorrhagia Activa Narium, Epistaxis — h. Bronchica, Hasmoptysis—h. Cerebri, Apoplexy —h. per Cutem, Sudor cruentus — h. per Diasre- sin, see Diasresis—h. perDiapedesin, Diapedesis— h. Faucium, Stomatorrhagia — h. Gingivarum, Ulorrhagia—h. Hasmatemesis, Hasmatemesis—h. Hasmaturia, Hasmaturia — h. Haemoptysis, Has- moptysis—h. Hepatica, Hepathasmorrhagia — h. Hepatis, Hepatorrhagia — h. Intestinorum, Has- matochezia—h. Mucosa, see Hasmorrhois—h. Na- bothi, see Parturition—h. Narinea, Epistaxis—h. Narium, Epistaxis—h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia—h. Penis, Stimatosis—h. Pulmonis, Hasmoptysis—h. Renum, Nephrorrhagia—h. Universalis, Purpura hasmorrhagica — h. Uterina, Metrorrhagia—h. Ventriculi, Hasmatemesis — h. Vesicas, Cystorr- hagia. HEMORRHINIA, Epistaxis. HEMORRHINORRHAGIA, Epistaxis. HEMORRHffi'A, from 'atpa, 'blood,' and ptta, 'I flow.' Hamorrhag"ia, Loss of blood. Some writers have proposed to restrict this name to passive hemorrhages. Hemorrhcea Petechialis, Purpura hasmor- rhagica—h. Pulmonalis, Hasmoptysis—h. Uterina, Metrorrhagia — h. Vasorum hasmorrhoidalium, Hasmorrhois — h. Ventriculi, Hasmatemesis — h. Viarum urinarium, Hasmaturia. HEMORRHOI'DAL, Hemorrhoidal, Hamor. rhdida'lis, Hamorrhdideus. Relating to hemor- rhoids ; as hemorrhoidal flux, hemorrhoidal tu- mours, Ac. Hemorrhoidal Arteries have been distin- guished into superior, middle, and inferior. 1. The first is the termination of the inferior me- senteric artery, which assumes the name auperior hemorrhoidal, when it reaches the upper and pos- terior part of the rectum. 2. The middle hemor- rhoidal is furnished by the hypogastric or inter- nal pudic It ramifies on the inferior and ante- rior part of the rectum. 3. The inferior hemor- rhoidal arteries are branches of the internal pudic, furnished to the inferior part of the rectum and to the muscles of the anus. Hemorrhoidal Nerves. These emanate from the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses; and covel the rectum with their numerous filaments. HEMORRHOIDALES 42i Hemorrhoidal Veins follow the same distri- bution, and generally empty themselves into the lesser mesenteric Some of them assist in the formation of the hypogastric vein. Hemorrhoidal Vessels, Vasa seda'lia, are those vessels which are distributed to the rectum —the seat of hemorrhoids. HEMORRHOIDALES NODI, Haemorrhois. HEMORRHOIDES, see Hasmorrhois — h. Cascas, see Hasmorrhois — h. Fluentes, Hasmor- rhois—h. Furentes, see Haemorrhois — h. Maris- cosas, Hasmorrhois — h. non FluentSs, Hasmor- rhois—h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia. HEMOR'RHOIS, Aimor'rhdis, Asclepias'mus, from 'aipa, ' blood,' and ptur, ' I flow.' Aimor'rdis, Proe'tica 31aris'ca, Maris'ca, Proctalgia Ha- morrhoida'lis, 3torbus Hamorrhoidalis, Piles, (F.) Hemorrhoides. The essential symptoms of this affection are : — Livid and painful tubercles or excrescences, (Hemorrhoid'al Tumours,) usu- ally attended with a discharge of mucus or blood, (Hemorrhoidalflux, Proctorrhce'a, Hamoproc'tia, Hmmorrhce'a vasorum hamorrhoida'Hum, (F.) Hemaproctie.) The most common causes of piles are a sedentary life; accumulation of faeces in the rectum; violent efforts at stool; pregnancy, Ac. The precursory symptoms are : — pains in the loins; stupor of the lower limbs; and un- easiness in the abdomen and rectum, with more or less gastric, cerebral, and indeed general dis- order;— constituting the Diath'esis Hamorrhoi- da'lia, 3Iotus seu Turba Hamorrhoida'lis, and Moll men Hamorrhoida'le, of most of the writers of Continental Europe. To these symptoms fol- low one or more round, smooth, renitent, painful, pulsating, and erectile tumours, around the mar- gin of the anus, or within the anus; some pour- ing out blood occasionally. After having re- mained, for a time, tense and painful, they gra- dually shrink and disappear. The chief symp- toms, occasioned by hemorrhoidal tumours, when much inflamed, are ;—constant pain, liable, how- ever, to exacerbations, and obliging the patient to preserve the horizontal posture, and to become augmented by the least pressure, or by the pas- sage of the fasces. Hasmorrhoids have generally been distinguished into —- Hamorrho'ides Fluen'tes seu 31ariaco'aa, Proe'tica 3Iaris'ca cruen'ta, Bleeding or Open Piles; and into II. iron fluen'tes, Proe'tica 31a- ris'ca caca, HamorrhoVdee caca seu furen'tea, Hamorrhoida'les nodi, Shut or blind piles. They have, also, been divided into internal or occult, and external, according to their situation; and into accidental or constitutional. Hemorrhoidal Tumours are extremely trouble- some, by their disposition to frequent recurrence; and they are apt to induce fistula; otherwise, they are devoid of danger. When anatomically examined, they are found not to consist in a va- ricose dilatation of the veins of the rectum; but to be formed of a very close, spongy, texture; similar to that which surrounds the orifice of the vagina; and to be erectile, like it. They are surrounded by a delicate membrane, and have no internal cavity. The treatment, in mild cases of hemorrhoidal tumours, is simple. Rest; the ho- rizontal posture; the use of mild laxatives, as sulphur, castor oil, and emollient glysters, will be sufficient. If they be much inflamed, leeches may be applied; and warm cataplasms or cold lotions, according to circumstances, be prescribed, with abstinence, and cooling drinks. Afterwards, an ointment, composed of powdered galls and opium, may afford relief. It is in the relaxed kind, that such ointment, and the internal use of Ward's Paste, can alone be expected to afford 6 HEMOTELANGIOSIS much benefit. If, after repeated attacks, the tu- mours remain hard and painful, aud threaten fistula, they may be removed. By Hemorrhoidal Flux, Fluxus hamorrhoida- lis, Proctorrhag"ia, is meant the hemorrhage which takes place from the rectum, owing to he- morrhoids. It is a common affection. The quan- tity of blood discharged is various: at times, it is very trifling; at others, sufficient to induce great debility, and even death. It is announced and accompanied by the same symptoms, as pre- cede and attend hemorrhoidal tumours. Like other hemorrhages it may be active or pasaive; accidental or constitutional. The prognosis is rarely unfavourable. The affection may, almost always, be relieved by properly adapted means. These resemble such as are necessary in hemor- rhages in general. Perfect quietude, — mental and corporeal, light diet, cooling drinks; bleeding if the symptoms indicate it; astringents, (if the disease be protracted and passive,) such as the Tinctura Ferri Chloridi; aspersions of cold water on the anus: astringent injections; plug- ging and compression. Such will be the principal remedial agents. When the hemorrhage has be- come habitual or is vicarious, some caution may be required in checking it; and, if inconvenience arise from a sudden suppression, its return may be solicited by the semicupium, sitting over warm water; aloetic purgatives, glysters, irritating sup- positories, Ac.; or leeches may be applied to the anus. To the internal bleeding pile, a soft, red, straw- berry-like elevation of the mucous membrane, Dr. Houston, of Dublin, gives the name vascular tumour. For its removal he recommends the ap- plication of nitric acid, so as to produce slough- ing of its surface. Some authors have described a species of Leu- corrhce'a Ana'lis or whitish discharge from the anus, which often attends ordinary hasmorrhoids. This they have called Proctica maris'ca muco'sa, Hamor'rhdis alba, Hamorrhag"ia muco'sa, Leu- cor'rhdia, Ac. It requires no special mention. Hemorrhois ab ExaniI, Proctocele—h. Pro- cedens, Proctocele. HEMORRHOIS'CHE SIS, from*a<,ioppoIf, 'hamorrhoia,' ptur, 'I flow,' and ict^eo), 'I restrain.' Reten'tio fluxus hamorrhoida'lia. Suppression or retention of the hemorrhoidal flux. HEMORRHOPHE'SIS, Abaorp'tio aang'uinis, from 'aipa, ' blood,' and potpau, ' I sip up.' Ab- sorption of blood. HEMORRHOPHILIA, Hasmatophilia. HEMORRHOSCOPIA, Hasmatoscopia. HEMORRHYSIS, Hasmorrhagia. IIEMOSCHEOCELE, Hasmatoscheocele. HEMOSCOPIA, Hasmatoscopia. HEMOSPASIA, see Haemospastic. HEMOSPAS'TIC, (F.) Hemoapaaique, from 'atpa, ' blood,' and , ' I draw.' An agent which draws or attracts blood to a part; as a cupping-glass. The operation is termed Hamos- pa'sio, (F.) Hemospasie. It is generally applied to a process by which the air is exhausted over a considerable surface, as over one or more of the extremities, by an appropriate pneumatic appa- ratus. IIMMOST A'SIA, Hamos'tasis, Epid'esis, San'- guinis stagna'tio, (F.) Hemostasie, from 'aipa, ' blood,' and araaig, ' stagnation.' Stagnation of blood. This name has, also, been given to any operation, the object of which is to arrest the flow of blood. HEMOSTATICS, Hasmatostatica. HEMOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia. HEMOTEXIA 427 HALMYRODES HEMOTEXIA, Hasmateclysis. HEMOTEXIS, Hasmateclysis. HEMOTHORAX, Hasmathorax. HEMOTISMUS, Hasmoptysis. HEMOT'ROPHY, Hamotroph'ia ; from 'aipa, 'blood,' and rpofn, 'nourishment-.' Excess of sanguineous nourisbment.—Prout. HEMURIA, Hasmaturia. HEMURESIS, Hasmaturia. HEMYDOR, Serum of the blood. HEREDITARIUS, Hereditary. HESITATIO, Balbuties. HEVEA GUIANENSIS, see Caoutchouc. HAGARD, Haggard. HAGE'NIA ABYSSINTCA, Brayera anthel- min'tica, Bank'sia Abyssin'ica. An Abyssinian tree of the family Rosaceae; Sexual system, Ico- sandria Digynia, which the natives plant round their habitations, as an ornament. The infusion or decoction of its flowers is employed by them as an anthelmintic, especially in cases of tape- worm. It is called, there, Cusso or Kosso, and Habbi. HAGGARD, (F.) Hagard. The French use the term Air hagard, QUil hagard, ' Haggard air,' ' Haggard eye,' for a physiognomy, in which there is at once an expression of madness and terror. HAGIOSPERMUM, Artemisia santonica. HAGIOXYLUM, Guaiacum. HAIL, Chalaza. HAIR, Sax. hasp, Crines, Pilus, Thrix, Pile, (F.) Pori. A conical, corneous substance, the free portion or shaft, scapus, of which issues to a greater or less distance from the skin, to the tissue of which it adheres by a bulb, Bulbus pili, seated in the areolar membrane,—where alone it is sensi- ble. The hair receives various names in different parts — as Beard, Cilia, Eyebrows, Hair of the head (Capilli,) Ac. Hair, Falling off of the, Alopecia—h. Mat- ted, Plica—h. Muscular, Dracunculus—h. Plaited, Plica — h. Trichomatose, Plica — h. Worm, Seta equina, see Ectozoa. HAIRY, Pileous. HAL, Salt. HALA'TIOXT, Hala'tium; diminutive of 'aXg, 'salt.' A pungent remedy, with tbe ancients, which contained salts. HALCHEMI'A. The alchymists so called the art of fusing salts: from 'aXg, ' salt,' and ^£&>, ' I pour out.'—Libavius. HALCYON, Alcyon. HALCYONIUM ROTUNDUM, Pila marina. HALE, Ephelides. HALEINE, Breath—h. Courte, Dyspnoea. HALELE'ON, Halela'um, from 'aXg, 'salt,' and tXatov, 'oil.' Oleum Soli mixtum. A mix- ture of oil and salt, for removing swellings of the joints.—Galen. HALETERATION, Alteration. HALF-CASTE, Half-Cast, see Caste. A term applied, in India, to the offspring of a Hindoo and a European. Since, extended to the offspring of mixed races. The subjoined list from Tschudi's Travels in Peru, 1838 —1842, shows the parent- age of the different varieties of half-casts, and also the proper designations of the latter, as ob- served in South America. Parents. Children. White Father and Negro Mother, Mulatto. White Father and Indian Mother, Meztizo. Indian Father and Negro Mother, Chino. White Father and Mulatta Mother, Cuarteron. f Creole (only distin. guished from the White Father and MestizaMother-^ white by a pale brownish complex- (.ion.) White Father and China Mother, Chino-blanco. White Father and Cuarterona ( „ . , Mother............. .'.........j uuimero. White Father and Cluintera Mo- ,,.,.. ther...........................} White. Negro Father and Mulatta Mother,Zambo-negro. Negro Father and Meztiza Mother,Mulatto oscuro. Negro Father and China Mother, Zambo chino. Negro Father and Zamba Mother, i P"'boMnT? &eT' 5 / fectly black.) Negro Father and Cuarterona or j Mulatto (rather (Suintera Mother..............j dark.) Indian Father and Mulatta Mo- I „,. „ „ ,u . j China-oscuro. ttler...........................ftiful.) Indian Father and China Mother, Chino-cholo. Indian Father and Zamba Mo- j Zambo-claro. ther,.........................) Indian Father with China-chola ( Indian (with rather Mother.......................( short frizzy hair.) Indian Father and Cuarterona or ( Meztizo (rather Cluintera Mother,.............( brown.) Mulatto Father and Zamba Mo- j Zambo (a misera- ther......................) ble race.) Mulatto Father and Meztiza Mo- Chino (of rather ther.........................( clear complexion.) Mulatto Father and China Mother,Chino(ratherdark.) See Mulatto. HALICA, Aliea. HALICACALUM, Physalis. HALICES, Pandiculation. HALIDRYS VESICULOSA, Fucus vesicu- losus. HALINA'TRUM, Halini'trum, Haloni'trum; from 'aXg, ' salt,' and natrum or natron. A name given by the ancients to subcarbonate of soda, containing a little subcarbonate of ammonia, which is found, ready-formed, on the plaster of damp walls, in places inhabited by man or ani- mals. Also, Potassa? nitras. HALINITRUM, Halinatrum. HALINUS, Saline. HAL'ITUOUS, Halituo'sus, from halitus, 'va- pour.' (F.) Halitueux. The skin is said to be ha- litueuse, when covered with a gentle moisture. The vapour, exhaled in all the cavities of the body, so long as the blood is warm, is called Halitus. The odorous vapour, exhaled by the blood itself whilst warm, is called Halitus San'- guinis. Halitus, Breath—h. Oris Fcetidus, Breath, offensive—h. Sanguinis, Gaz sanguinis. See Ha- lituous. HALL, MINERAL WATERS OF. The springs of Hall, in Upper Austria, contain iodine. HALLUCINATIO HYPOCHONDRIASIS, Hypochondriasis—h. Vertigo, Vertigo. HALLUCIS A'TIO~N,Hallucina'tio,Halucina'- tio, Falla'cia, Illu'sio sensus, Socor'dia, Alu'aia, Rlu'sio, Allucx'na'tio, Porora'sis, Somnia'tio in statu vig"ili, Ido'lum, Waking dream, Phan'tasrn, from allucinari, 'to err;' 'to be deceived.' A morbid error in one or more of the senses. Per- ception of objects, which do not in fact exert any impression on the external senses. Hallucination or delusion almost always, if not always, depends on disorder of the brain, but is not an index of insanity, unless the patient believes in the exist- ence of the subject of the hallucination. HALLUS, Pollex pedis. HALLUX, Pollex pedis. HALME, Muria. HALMYRO'DES, Salsugino'sxis, Saisusig"i- nous, from 'aXpvpig, ('aXpn, 'sea-water,' 'uXf, salt,*) 'a salt liquor,' saltish. An en;*het given to any HALMYRUS 428 HARMONY affection, in which the heat feels pungent under ihe finger of the physician.—Hippocrates. HALMYRUS, Saline. HALO, Areola. Halo Signa'tus. The impression made by the ciliary processes on the anterior surface of the vitreous humour. So called from its consisting of a circle of indentations.—Sir C. Bell. Called by Haller, Stria ret'ina subject's ligamen'to dlia'ri. HALODERE'UM.from 'aXg, 'salt,' and Stpatov, 'a collar,' (Stpn, 'neck.') Colla'rium soli'num. A collar of salt applied to the neck, as in cases of croup. HALOGENE, Chlorine. HALOIDUM OXYGENATUM, Potassae mu- rias hyperoxygenatus. HALONIITIS, Induration of the cellular HALONITRUM, Halinatrum. HALOPE'GE, from 'aXg, 'aXog, 'salt,' and irnyrr, ' a spring.' Mineral waters whose chief in- gredient is common salt—chloride of sodium. HALOS, Areola. HALOT'YLE, Cul'citasali'na, from 'aXs, 'salt,' and rvXn, ' a bolster.' A bolster or pillow of salt recommended in croup. HALS, 'aXg,' salt;' hence Halogene, Haloid, Ac. HALTE'RES. Pieces of lead held in the hands by the ancients to assist them in leaping. HALUCINATIO, Hallucination. HALYCODES, Saline. HALYCIS MEMBRAXTACEA, Bothriocepha- lus latus—h. Solium, Tasnia solium. HAM, Poples. HAMAME'LIS VIRGINIA'NA, H. Virgin'i- ca, Witch hazel, Winter witch hazel, Snapping Hazelnut, Winter bloom. The bark of this tree, which is a native of the United States, is some- what bitter and sensibly astringent; but it has not been much used. A cataplasm of the inner rind of the bark is said to have been found effica- cious in painful inflammation of the eyes. HAMARTHRI'TIS, Holarthri'tis, Catholar- thri'tis, Arthritis uxtiversa'lis, from 'apa, ' at once,' and apdpirtg, 'gout.' Gout in all the joints. Universal gout. HAM'MA, Nodus, 'a tie.' A knot, used for retaining bandages on any part. — Hippocrates. A truss. HAMPSTEAD, MINERAL WATERS OF. These waters, situate in the neighbourhood of London, are a good chalybeate. HAMSTRING, To, see Hamstrings. HAMSTRINGS, (F.) Jarretiers. The strings or tendons of the ham. The Hamstring Muscles are the biceps femo- ris, whose tendon forms the outer hamstring ; and the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis and sartorius, whose tendons form the inner hamstring. ' To hamstring' means to cut the strings or ten- dons of the ham. HAMULAR PROCESS, see Hamulus. HAM'ULUS. Diminutive of hamus, 'a hook.' A hook or crook: Ancis'tron. Also, any hook- like process; as the hamulus or hamular process bf the pterygoid process. Hamulus Lamine Spiralis, see Lamina spi- ralis. HAMUS, see Hamulus. HANCHE, Haunch. HAND, Manus. HANDS, DROPPED, Hand-drop, Wrist-drop. A popular term for the paralysis of the hand, in- duced by the action of lead. HANGERS, Crusta genu equinas. HANGNAIL, (F.) Envie. A portion of epi. dermis, detached so as to tear the integument in the vicinity of the finger nails. HANNERANE, Hyoscyamus. HAPANTIS'MUS, Badly formed from nag, or 'airag, ' all.' Oblitera'tio eomple'ta. The mat- ting or growing together of organic parts. HAPHE", 'attn, 'feeling, touch.' Hence: HAPHON'OSI, Haphonu'si, from '0^17, 'the touch.' 3Iorbi ta^us. Diseases of the sense of touch. HAPLOACNE, Acne simplex. HAPLOPATHI'A, fiom 'anXog, 'simple,'and iradog, ' disease.' Alorbus simplex. A simple or uncomplicated affection. HAPLOTOM'IA, Simplex sec'tio, Incis'io sim- plex, Opera'tio simplex, from 'airXog, 'simple,'and ropn, ' incision.' A simple incision. HAPSIS, Touch. HAPTODYSPHOR'IA, Tactus dolorif'icus; from 'atprt, ' touch,' and ivoifiopog, ' difficult to be borne.' Painful to the touch. HAPTOT'ICA, Haptot'ice, from 'aipn, 'touch.' The doctrine of the phenomena of toucb. HARD, (G.) hart, Durus, Scleras, (F.) Dur. That which offers much resistance. In anatomy, the hard parts are those which compose the os- seous basis of the body; in other words, the skele- ton. See Pulse, hard. HARD'S FARINACEOUS FOOD, see Fari- naceous. HARDESIA, Hibernicus lapis. HARDHACK, Spiraea tomentosa. HARE-LIP, Lagochi'lus, Lagos'toma, Lagon'- tornum, Lagen'tomum, La'bium Lepori'num, Olo- pho'nia Labii Loba'ta, Lepori'num rostrum, (F.) Rec de Lievre. A fissure or perpendicular divi- sion of one or both lips. It has been so called, in consequence of the upper lip of the hare being thus divided. Hare-lip is generally congenital; at other times it is accidental, or produced by a wound, the edges of which have not been brought into contact, and have healed separately. It is simple, when there is but one division; double, when there are two ; and complicated, wben there is, at the same time, a division or cleft of the su- perior maxillary bone and of the palate—Cleft or fia'axired palate, Wolf's jaw, Rictxts lupi'nus; or a projection of the teeth into the separation of the lip. In the Hare-lip operation, there are two indi- cations to be fulfilled. First, to pare, with the knife or scissors, the edges of the cleft, and, af- terwards, to preserve them in contact; in order to cause adhesion. This last object is accom- plished by means of pins, passed through the edges of the division; in other words, by the twisted suture. The projecting teeth must, of course, be previously removed. If there be sepa- ration of the palate, it will become less and less after the union of the lip, or the operation of sta- phyloraphy may be performed upon it. Hare's Ear, Bupleurum rotundifolium — h. Eye, Lagophthalmia. HARGNE, Hernia—h. Anevrysmale, Cirsom- phalus. HARICOT, Phaseolus vulgaris—h. Grand de Peroxi, Jatropha curcas. HARMALIA, Aliment. HARMONY, Hormo'nia, Harmoa, primarily from apio, ' I adjust.' Anatomists have called Su- ture by Harmony or simply Harmony, Falae or superficial auture, Sutu'ra os'sium spu'ria, Com- pa'ges os'sium per lin'eam sim'plicem, an immov- able articulation, in which the depressions and eminences, presented by'the bony surfaces, are but slightly marked; so that it might be pre- HARMUS sumed that the junction of the bones took place by simple apposition of their surfaces. An in- stance of harmony occurs in the union of the superior maxillary bones with each other. HARMUS, Articulation, Harmony. HAR'ROWGATE, MINERAL WATERS OF. The villages of High and Low Harrowgate are situate in the centre of the county of York, near Knaresborough, twenty miles from York, and fifteen from Leeds. Here are several valuable sulphurous and chalybeate springs. The sulphu- reous springs contain chloride of sodium, chloride of calcium, chloride of magnesium, bicarbonate of soda, sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, carbu- retted hydrogen, and azote. The chalybeate springs contain protoxide of iron, chloride of so- dium, sulphate of soda, chloride of calcium, chlo- ride of magnesium, carbonic acid, azote, and oxy- gen. For the former, Harrowgate is celebrated and frequented. Harrowgate Salts, Artificial, are much employed, and not unfrequently by those who drink the genuine water, for the purpose of in- creasing its aperient power. They may be made as follows :—Sulph. Potass, cum Sulph. j^vj ; Po- taaa. bitart. 3J ; 3Iagnea. Sulph. in pulv. ^vj. M. The usual dose is a teaspoonful, in a small tum- blerful of tepid water, early in the morning. Harrowgate Water, Artificial, may be formed of common salt, £v; water, Oiij; impreg- nated with the gas from aulphuret of potoaa, and sulphuric add, aa ^iv. The following form has also been recommended. JL Sulphat. Potaaa. cum eulph. (Ph. Ed.) gj >' Potass, bitart. SjiSS; Magnea. aulphat. ^vj ; Aqua deetillat. Oij. One- half to be taken for a dose. HARTFELL, MINERAL WATERS OF. Hartfell Spa is about five miles from Moffat, in Scotland. The water is a chalybeate, and is much used. HARTSHORN, Cervus, Cornu cervi, Liquor cornu cervi — h. Red, Spiritus lavandulas com- posites— h. and Oil, Linimentum ammonias car- bonatis. HARTS' TONGUE, Asplenium scolopendrium. HARTWORT OF MARSEILLES, Seseli tor- tuosum. HASCHICH, see Bangue. HASTA, Penis —h. Nuptialis, Penis —h. Vi- tilis, Penis. HASTELLA, Splint. HASTINGS, CLIMATE OF. This place has the reputation of being one of the mildest and most sheltered winter residences on the south coast of England. Owing to its low situation, and the height of the neighbouring cliffs, it is protected in a great degree from all northerly winds; and hence is found a favourable residence generally for invalids labouring under diseases of tbe chest. HASTULA REGIS, Asphodelus ramosus. HATFIELD'S TINCTURE, see Tinctura Gua- iaci ammoniata. HAUNCH, Coxa,Coxen'dix,oftheLatins; ayxv, or texiov, of the Greeks; Ancha, Tachion, Oaphya, Hip, Gossa, (F.) Hanche. The region of the trunk which is formed by the lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip-joint, including the soft parts. In women, on account of the greater width of the pelvis, the haunches are more marked and pro- minent than in men. HAUSTEL'LATE, Hauatella'tue, from haurio, haustus, 'I drink up.' An epithet for tbe struc- ture of mouth, which is adapted for drinking or pumping up liquids. Insects, which possess that kind of mouth, are so named. Ehrenberg refers the fancied spermatozoon to the haustellate en- tozoa. 3 HEART HAUSTUS, Po'tio, Potiun'cula. A Draught. A liquid medicine, which can be taken at a draught. Haustus Niger, see Infusum sennae compo- situm. HA UT MAL, Epilepsy. HAVAN'A or HAVAN'NAH, CLIMATE OF. The climate of Cuba is often selected for the phthisical invalid during the winter months, and so far as regards elevation and comparative equa- bility of temperature, it is more favourable for those of weak lungs than that of the United States. The mean annual temperature is high (78°), but the difference between the mean tem- perature of the warmest and coldest months is twice as great as at Madeira. HAW, BLACK, Viburnum prunifiolium. HAWKNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum. HAWKWEED, VEINY, Hieracium venosum. HAWTHORN, WHITE, Mespilus oxyacan- tha. HAY, CAMEL'S, Juncus odoratus—h. Asthma, Fever, Hay. HAYRIFF, Galium aparine. HAZEL, BEAKED, Corylus rostrate—h. Crot- tles, Lichen pulmonarius—h. Nut, snapping, Ha- mamelis Virginiana—h. Nut tree, Corylus avel- lana—h. Witch, Hamamelis Virginiana. HEAD, Sax. heajro6, heap6, heaved; the past participle of hear;an, ' to heave up.' Caput, Ce- phale, Cxj'be, (F.) Tete. The head forms the upper extremity of the body, and tops the skele- ton. It consists of the cranium and face. The first, which comprises all the superior and poste- rior part, has the encephalon in its cavity: the latter forms only the anterior part, and serves as the receptacle for the greater part of the organs of the senses. Head, Water in the, Hydrocephalus. Head Ach, Cephalaea, Cephalalgia — h. Ach, intermittent, Cephalalgia periodica—h. Ach, sick, Cephalaea spasmodica. HEADY, same etymon as Head. (F.) Capiteux. That which inebriates readily. An epithet, ap- plied to wines, which possess this quality. HEAL-ALL, Collinsonia Canadensis, Prunella vulgaris, Scrophularia nodosa. HEALING, Curative—h. Art, Medicine. HEALTH, Sanitas. HEALTHY, Salutary. HEARING, HARDNESS OF, Deafness —h. Perverse, Paracusis perversa. HEART, Sax. heopt,Germ. Herz, Cor, Cear, Cer, Car'dia, xtap, xnp, xaphta, (F.) Cceur. An azygous muscle, of an irregularly pyramidal shape; situate obliquely and a little to the left side, in the chest;—resting on the diaphragm by one of its surfaces :—suspended by its base from the great vessels; free and movable in the rest of its extent, and surrounded by the pericardium. The right side of the body of the heart is thin and sharp, and is called 3Iargo acn'tus: the left is thick and round, and termed 3Iargo obfa'aua. It is hollow within, and contains four cavities; two of which, with thinner and less fleshy walls, receive the blood from the lungs and the rest of the body, and pour it into two others, with thick and very fleshy parietes, which send it to the lungs and to every part of the body. Of these cavities, the former are called auricles, the latter ventricles. The right auricle and right ventricle form the Pulmonic or right or anterior heart, (F.) Cceur du poumon, C. du sang noir, C. droit, C. anterieur: and the left auricle and ventricle, the systemic, corporeal, left, or aortic heart, (F.) Cceur du corps, C. gauche, C. aortique ou C. rouge. In the adult, these are totally distiuct from each other, being separated by a partition ; — the sep- 42 HEART 430 nEAT turn cordis. Into the right auricle, the venae cavas,—superior and inferior,—and the coronary vein, open. The pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle; the four pulmonary veins open into the left auricle, and the aorta arises from the left ventricle. The mean weight of the heart, in the adult, from the twenty-fifth to the sixtieth year, is, ac- cording to Bouiltaud, from eight to nine ounces. The dimensions, according to Lobstein andBouil- laud, are as follows: — Length, from base to apex, five inches six lines; breadth, at the base, three inches; thickness of the walls of the left ventricle, seven lines; at a finger's breadth above the apex, four lines; thickness of the walls of the right ventricle, two and a quarter lines; at the apex, half a line; thickness of right auricle, one line; of the left auricle, half a line. The heart is covered, externally, by a very thin, membra- nous reflection from the pericardium. The mus- cular structure of which it is constituted is much thicker in the parietes of the ventricle than in those of the auricles. Its cavities are lined by a very delicate membrane, the endocardium, which is continuous with the inner membrane of the arteries, as regards the left cavities, and with that of the veins, as regards the right. Its arteries— the coronary—arise from the commencement of the aorta. Its nerves proceed, chiefly, from the pneu- mogastric and the cervical ganglions of the great sympathetic The heart is the great agent in the circulation. By its contraction, the blood is sent over every part of the body. Its action does not seem to be directly owing to nervous influ- ence received from the brain or spinal marrow, or from both. The circulation may, indeed, be kept up, for some time, if both brain and spinal marrow be destroyed. When the ear is applied to the chest, a dull, lengthened sound is heard, which is synchronous with the arterial pulse. This is instantly suc- ceeded by a sharp, quick sound, like that of the valve of a bellows or the lapping of a dog, and this is followed by a period of repose. The first sound appears to be mainly produced by the con- traction of the ventricles; the second, by the re- flux of the blood against the semilunar valves. These are what are called the Sounds of the Heart. Dr. C. J. B. Williams thinks that the word lubb-dup conveys a notion of the two sounds. The Reating or Impulse of the heart, Heart-stx-oke, against the parietes of the chest is mainly caused, perhaps, by the systole of the heart, which tends to project it forwards. It is doubted, however, by some, whether* the impul- sion be produced by the dilatation or the con- traction of the ventricles. The following table exhibits tbe different ac- tions of the heart, and their coincidence with its sounds and impulse. It presumes, that the period from the commencement of one pulsation to that of another is divided into eight parts ; and if the case of a person, whose pulse beats sixty times in a minute, be taken, each of these parts will represent the eighth of a second. Eighths of a Second. Last part of the pause,.. .1. .Auricles contracting; ventricles distend- ed. First sound and impulse,. 4. .Ventricles contract- ing; auricles dilat- ing. Second sound,.........2. .Ventricles dilating; auricles dilating. Pause,........ .......1. .Ventricles dilating; auricles distended. The heart is subject to different organic dis- eases ; the chief of which are aneurism, contraom tion of the apertures, and rupture of its parietes. Heart, Atrophy of the, Atroph'ia seu Ari- du'ra Cordis, Phthisis Cordis, Cardiatroph'ia, Acardiotroph'ia. A condition of the organ in which there is diminution in the thickness of the parietes of the whole organ. Heart, Beating of the, see Heart — h. Dila- tation of the, see Aneurism—h. Displacement of the, Ectopia Cordis — h. Fatty, Steatosis cordis. Heart, Hy'pertrophy of the, Hypertroph'ia Cordis, Hypercor'dia, Hypersarco'sis Cordis, Hy- percardiotroph'ia, Cardiaux'e, Aneurys'ma cor- dis acti'vum (Corvisart), Cor bovi'num, (F.) Hy- pertrophic du Cceur. Supernutrition of the mus- cular parietes of the heart, which are thicker than usual; the cavities being generally diminished. The physical signs which indicate it are tho fol- lowing. In cases of long standing, the precordial region is generally prominent; the pulsations of the heart are visible over a greater extent than natural; and a marked vibration is communi- cated to the hand when placed on the cardiac region. The dull sound on percussion is more extensive than natural; and on auscultation there is a permanent increase of the force and extent of the heart's action ; there is no increase, however, of frequency, and the rhythm is regular. The pulse is generally strong, full, and hard. Heart, Hypertrophy with Dilatation of the, Active an'euriam, Eccen'tric hy'pertrophy. In this affection, the pulsations eau be seen and felt over a larger space, and the apex is more to the left and lower down than natural. The im- pulse is less steady, but at times more violent than that which accompanies simple hypertrophy. Percussion gives more distinct evidence of the en- largement, the sound being more extensively dull. On auscultation, the impulse is often violent, but irregular: in extreme cases, it produces the sen- sation of a large mass of flesh rolling or revolving beneath the ear. The pulse is strong, full, and vibratory. The shock of the heart's action is often transmitted to the whole person, and to the bed on which the patient is lying. Heart, Concentric Hypertrophy of the, Car- diarctie, is when the parietes augment at the ex- pense of the cavities. Heart, Impulse of the, see Heart—h. Neu- ralgia of the, Angina Pectoris—h. Rupture of the, Cardiorrhexis — h. Sounds of the, see Heart—h. Stroke, see Heart. HEART'S EASE, Viola tricolor. HEARTS, LYMPH, Lymphatic hearts — h. Lymphatic, Lymphatic hearts. HEARTBURN, Ardor ventriculi, Cardialgia. HEARTWORT, Laserpitium album. HEAT, past participle of Sax. hasran, 'to make warm.' Oalor, Therma, Stppn- (F.) Chaleur. The material cause, which produces the sensa- tion—or the particular sensation itself—produced by a body of an elevated temperature, on our or- gans, especially on the organs of touch. Modern chymists have given the name Calo'ric to the principle, whatever may be its nature, which is the cause of heat. When we touch a body of a temperature superior to our own, a portion of caloric passes from the body to the hand, and produces the sensation of heat. If, on the con- trary, we touch a body of a temperature inferior to our own, we communicate a portion of our caloric to it, and experience the sensation of cold. Our own sensations are but imperfect indexes of temperature. Two men meeting at the middle of a mountain,—the one aBcending, the other de- scending,— will experience different sensations. The one ascending, passes from a warmer to a HEAT 431 HEAT colder atmosphere; — the one descending from a colder to a warmer. The chief instrument for measuring heat, used in medicine, is the thermometer. Of this there are three kinds: — that of Fahrenheit, that of Reaumur, and that of Celsius or the Centigrade. The following Table exhibits the correspondence of these different thermometric scales. Fah. Reau. Centig. Fab.. Reau. Centig. Fah. R6au. Centig. Fah. Reau. ----- Centig. o o o o o 0 o o o o 0 o 212a 80.00 100.00 148 51.55 64.44 85 23.55 29.44 22 — 4.44 — 5.55 211 79.55 99.44 147 51.11 63.88 84 23.11 28.88 21 — 4.88 — 6.11 2106 79.11 98.88 146 50.66 63.33 83 22.66 28.33 20m — 5.33 — 6.66 209 78.66 98.33 145 50.22 62.77 82 22.22 27.77 19 — 5.77 — 7.22 208 78.22 97.77 144 49.77 62.22 81o 21.77 27.22 18 — 6.22 — 7.77 207 77.77 97.22 143 49.33 61.66 80 21.33 26.66 17 — 6.66 — 8.33 206 77.33 96.66 142y 48.88 61.11 79 20.88 26.11 16 — 7.11 — 8.88 205 "li.SS 96.11 141 48.44 60.55 78 20.44 25.55 15 — 7.55 — 9.44 20-1 76.44 95.55 140 48.00 60.00 77 20.00 25.00 14 — 8.00 —10.00 203 70.00 95.00 139 47.55 59.44 76p 19.55 24.44 13 — 8.44 —10.55 202 75.55 94.44 138 47.11 58.88 75 19.11 23.88 12 — 8.88 —11.11 201 75.11 93.S8 137 46.66 58.33 74 18.66 23.33 11 — 9.33 —11.66 200 74.66 93.33 136 46.22 57.77 73 18.22 22.77 10 — 9.77 —12.22 199 74.22 92.77 135 45.77 57.22 72 17.77 22.22 9 —10.22 —12.77 198 73.77 92.22 134 45.33 56.66 71 17.33 21.66 8 —10.66 —13.33 197 73.33 91.66 133/i 44.84 56.11 70 16.88 21.11 tv —11.11 —13.88 196c 72.88 91.11 132 44.45 55.55 69 16.44 20.55 6 —11.55 —14.44 195 72.44 90.55 131 44.00 55.00 68 16.00 20.00 5 —12.00 —15.00 194 72.00 90.00 130 43.55 54.44 67 15.55 19.44 4 —12.44 —15.55 193 71.55 89.44 129 43.11 53.88 66 15.11 18.88 3 —12.88 —16.11 192 71.11 88.88 128 42.66 53.33 65 14.66 18.33 2 —13.33 —16.66 191 70.66 88.33 127 42.22 52.77 64 14.22 17.77 1 —13.77 —17.22 190 70.22 87.77 126 41.77 52.22 63 13.77 17.22 0 —14.22 —17.77 189 69.77 87.22 125 41.33 51.66 62 13.33 16.66 — 1 —14.66 —18.33 1S8 69.33 86.66 124 40.88 51.11 61 12.88 16.11 — 2w —15.11 —1S.88 187 68.88 86.11 123 40.44 50.55 60 12.44 15.55 — 3 —15.55 —19.44 186 68.44 85.55 122 40.00 50.00 59 12.00 15.00 — 4 —16.00 —20.00 185 68.00 85.00 121 39.55 49.44 58 11.55 14.44 — 5 —16.44 —20.55 184 67.55 84.44 120 39.11 48.88 57 11.11 13.88 — 6 —16.88 —21.11 183 67.11 83.88 119 38.66 48.33 56 10.66 13.33 — 1x —17.33 —21.66 182 66.66 83.33 118 38.22 47.77 55 10.22 12.77 — 8 —17.77 —22.22 181 66.22 82.77 117 37.77 47.22 54 9.77 12.22 — 9 —18.22 —22.77 180 65.77 82.22 116 37.33 46.66 53 9.33 11.66 —10 —18.66 —23.33 179 65.33 81.66 115 36.88 46.11 52 8.88 11.11 -lly —19.11 —23.88 178a" 64.88 81.11 114 36.44 45.55 51 8.44 10.55 —12 —19.55 —24.44 177 64.44 80.55 113 36.00 45.00 50q 8.00 10.00 —13 —20.00 —25.00 176 64.00 80.00 112 35.55 44.44 49 7.55 9.44 —14 —20.44 —25.55 175 63.55 79.44 111 35.11 43.88 48 7.11 8.88 —15 —20.88 —26.11 174e 63.11 78.88 HOt 34.66 43.33 47 6.66 8.33 —16 —21.33 —26.66 173 62.66 78.33 109 34.22 42.77 46 6.22 7.77 —17 —21.77 —27.22 172 62.22 77.77 108 33.77 42.22 45 5.77 7.22 —18 oo oo —27.77 171 61.77 77.22 107 33.33 41.60 44 5.33 6.66 —19 —22.66 —28.33 170 61.33 76.66 106.; 32.88 41.11 43 4.88 6.11 —20 —23.11 —28.88 169 60.88 76.11 105 32.44 40.55 42 4.44 5.55 —21 —23.55 —29.44 168 60.44 75.55 104ft 32.00 40.00 41 4.00 5.00 —22 —24.00 —30.00 167/ 60.00 75.00 103 31.55 39.44 40 3.55 4.44 —23 —24.44 —30.55 166 59.55 74.44 102Z 31.11 38.88 39 3.11 3.88 —24 —24.88 —31.11 165 59.11 73.88 101 30.66 38.33 38 2.66 3.33 —25 —25.33 —31.69 164 58.66 73.33 lOOm 30.22 37.77 37 2.22 2.77 —26 —25.77 —32.22 163 58.22 72.77 99 29.77 37.22 36 1.77 2.22 —27 —26.22 __32.77 162 57.77 72.22 98n 29.33 36.66 35 1.33 1.66 —28 —26.66 —33.33 161 57.33 71.66 97 28.88 36.11 34 0.88 1.11 —29 —27.11 —33.88 160 56.88 71.11 96 28.44 35.55 33 0.44 0.55 —30 —27.55 —34.44 159 56.44 70.55 95 28.00 35.00 32r 0.00 0.00 —31 —28.84 —35.00 158 56.00 70.00 94 27.55 34.44 31 —0.44 —0.55 —32 —28.00 —35.55 157 55.55 69.44 93 27.11 33.88 30s —0.88 —1.61 —33 —28.88 —36.18 156 55.11 68.88 92 26.66 33.33 29 —1.33 —1.66 —34 —29.33 —36.66 155 54.66 68.33 91 26.22 32.77 28< —1.77 —2.22 —35 —29.77 —37.22 154 54.22 67.77 90 25.77 32.22 27 —2.22 —2.77 —36 —30.22 —37.77 153 53.77 67.22 89 25.33 31.66 26 —2.66 —3.33 —37 —30.66 —38.23 152 53.33 66.66 68 24.88 31.11 25 —3.11 —3.88 —38 —31.11 —38.88 151 52.88 66.11 87 24.44 30.55 24 —3.55 —4.44 —39z —31.55 —39.44 150 52.44 65.55 86 24.00 30.00 23 —4.00 —5.00 —40 —32.00 -40.00 149 52.00 65.00 a Water boils (Barom. 30 inches.) b Heat of a stove, borne by Dr. So- lander. c Heat of a stove, borne for 10 mi- nutes by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. Solander. d Water simmers. e Alcohol boils. f Very pure ether distils. g Bees' wax melts. h. Spermaceti melts. i Temperature at which liquids are often drunk. ,; Heat observed in Scarlatina. k Temperature of the common hen. I Temperature of arterial blood. [?] m Temperature of venous blood. Phosphorus melts. n Ether boils, o Nitric ether boils. p Muriatic ether boils. q Medium temperature of the globe. r Ice melts. s Milk freezes. t Vinegar freezes. u Strong wine freezes. v A mixture of one part of alcohol and three of water freezes. u< Cold at the battle of Eylau,1807 r A mixture of equal parts of al- cohol and water freezes. y A mixture of two parts of alco- hol and ont of water freezes. z Melting point of quicksilver. To reduce Centigrade degrees to those of Fah- renheit, multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32: thus, 40° Cent. X 9 -=r 5 + 32 = 104° Fahr. To reduce Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Centigrade, eubtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9 : thus, 104° Fahr. — 32 X 5 -f- 9 =- 40° Cent. To re- duce Reaumur's degrees to rhose of Fahrenheit, multiply by 9, divide by 4, and add 32 : thus, 32° Reaum. X 9 -f- 4 + 32 = 104° Fahr. To reduce Fahrenheils degrees to those of Reaumur subtract nEATH 431 52, multiply by 4, and divide by 9: thus, 104° Fahr. — .",2 X 4 -7- 9 = 32 Rianm. To reduce Reaumur's degrees to those of Centigrade, multi- ply by 5, and divide by 4: thus 32° RSaum. X 5 -7- 4 = 40° Cent. ; and, lastly, to reduce Cen- tigrade degrees to those of Reaumur, multiply by 4, and divide by 5 : thus, 40° Cent. X 4-7- 5 = 32° Reaum. The human body can bear a high degree of heat diffused in the atmosphere. There are cases on record, where afr of 400° and upwards, of Fahrenheit's scale, has been breathed with im- punity for a short time. It can likewise with- stand very severe cold. In the expedition of Capt. Back to the Arctic regions, the thermome- ter was as low as —70° of Fahr. Excessive heat disposes the body to gastric and intestinal dis- eases, and particularly to inflammation and en- largement of the liver; hence, the frequency of such affections within the torrid zone. Heat is often used therapeutically : the actual cautery, at a white heat, disorganizes the parts to which it is applied: a lesser degree occasions violent in- flammation. Heat higher than that of the human body is excitant; of a lower degree, sedative. Excessive cold acts as a powerful sedative — in- ducing sleep, the tendency to which, after long exposure, becomes irresistible. See Cold. Many of the topical applications — as cataplasms — act wholly by virtue of their warmth and moisture. Heat, Ardor vene'reus, Pruritus, (F.) Cha- leur des Animaux, Rut, is the periodical sex- ual desire experienced by animals, — QSstrua'- tion. It is supposed by some to be owing to the periodical maturation and discharge of ova,— Ovula'tion. Heat, Acrid, see Acrid — h. Animal, see Ani- mal Heat. Heat, Inter'nal, (F.) Chaleur interne, is a sensation of heat felt by the patient, but not sen- sible to the touch. External heat, (F.) Chaleur exterieure, that which can be felt by others. Heat, Ardor, is called moist, (F.) haliteuse, when accompanied with moisture, like that felt after bathing; dry, (F.) seche, when the skin has not its ordinary softness. It is called acrid and pun- gent, (F.) dcre et mordicante, when it conveys a disagreeable tingling to the fingers. The French employ the terms nervous heat and errat'ic heat, Chaleur nerveuse and Chaleur erratique, for that which comes by flushes, alternating with chills, and which moves rapidly from one part to ano- ther. M. Double has used the term septic heat, (F.) Chaleur septique, for that which produces a pungent .sensation on the hand, similar to that of the acrid heat, but milder and more uniform, and which is accompanied with feebleness and frequency of pulse, &c. Heat, Prickly, Lichen tropicus. HEATH, COMMON, Erica vulgaris. HEAUTOPHONICS, see Autophonia. HEAVINESS, Somnolency. HEAVING, Vomiturition. HEAVY, Gravis, (F.) Gravatif, from Sax. heapan, 'to heave.' An epithet given to any pain which consists in a sensation of weight or heaviness, or is accompanied by such sensation. HEBDOMADAL CYCLE, see Cycle. HEBDOMADARIA, Octana. HEBE, 'n(3n> Juven'ta, Juven'tas, Juven'tus, flora In antiquity, the goddess of puberty. The word has been employed to designate, 1. The first hair that grows on the pubes, 2. The pubic region, and 3. Puberty. HEBETES, Adolescens. HEBETOR, Adolescens. HEBETUDO ANIMI, Imbecility —h. Den- tium, ITixinodia—h. Visus, Amblyopia, Caligo. 2 HEDERA HEBRADENDRON CAMBOGIOIDES, see Cambogia. HEBREWS, MED'ICINE OF THE. Medi- cine seems to have been at a very low ebb with the ancient Hebrews. Of anatomy they knew nothing. Their physiology was imperfect and filled with superstitions; and their therapeutics unsatisfactory. Hygiene appears to have been most attended to. Of the other departments of medicine we cannot judge of their knowledge. HECATOMA PALUSTRIS, Ranunculus soe- HECATOMPHYLLUM, Rosa centifolia. HEC'TEUS, 'txrtvg. A Greek measure, con- taining about 72 chopines or pints. HECTIC FEVER, Febris hec'tica, Hecticop'. yra, Hecticopyr'etos, Hec'tica, Amphimer'ina hec'- tica, Febriaphthia'ica, Syntecop'yra, Syxitectictrp'. yra, Febria maraemo'dea, 31urnsmop'yra, Febria tab'ida, Leucopyr'ia, Epan'etus hec'tica, Febris lenta, F. amphimer'ina hec'tica, Febris amato'ria, Chloro'sis amato'ria, (F.) Fievre Hectique, F, Etiqxie, from 't^tg, 'habit of body;' because in this disease every part of the body is emaciated; or, perhaps, from txrnxta, ' I consume,' ' I am ex- hausted.' The name of a slow, continued, or re- mittent fever, which generally accompanies the end of organic affections, and has been esteemed idiopathic, although it is probably always symp- tomatic. It is the fever of irritation and debi- lity ; and is characterized by progressive ema- ciation, frequent pulse, hot skin, — especially of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet,— and, towards the end, colliquative sweats and diarrhoea. Being symptomatic, it can only be removed by getting rid of the original affection. This is generally difficult and almost hopeless in the disease, which it most commonly accompa- nies,—consumption. HECTICA, Hectic Fever—h. Infantilis, Fever, infantile remittent. HECTICOPYRA, Hectic fever. HECTICOPYRETOS, Hectic fever. HEC'TISIS, (F.)Etisie. Same etymon. The state of those who have hectic fever. HECTOGRAMME, Hectogram'ma, from 'txa- rov, 'a hundred,' and ypappa. A measure of 100 grammes, i. e. 3 ounces, 1 drachm, and 44 grains, Troy. HECTOLITRE. A measure containing 100 litres or 26.42 wine pints. IIECUSIUS, Voluntary. HEDEO'MA, Hedeo'ma pulegidi'des, Cunila pulegidi'des, 3Ielx's'sa pulegioides, Pennyroyal, Tickxveed, Stinking Palm, Sqnaxr.xnint. Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia; Nat. Ord. Labiates. An indigenous plant, common in all parts of the United States, and which, where it is abundant, perfumes the air for a considerable distance. It is employed in the same cases as the mints and the English pennyroyal. In popular practice it is used as an emmenagogue. The O'leum Hedeo'ma (Ph. U. S.) or Oil of Pennyroyal is used as a stimulating carminative, dropped on sugar. Dose, 2 to 6 drops. HEDERA ARBOREA, H. Helix. Hed'era Helix, Hed'era arbo'rea, Rac'ch'ca, Cissos, xtaaog, Cittos, xtrrog, Ed'era, Corymbs'tra, Corym'bos, Ivy, (F.) Lierre. The taste of ivy leaves is bitter, styptic, and nauseous. They are not used in medicine. According to Haller, they were recommended in Germany against the atro- phy of children; and the common people of Eng- land sometimes apply them to running sores and to keep issues open. The berries were supposed, by the ancients, to have an emetic and purgative quality; and a watery extract was made from HEDERULA 433 HELLEBORISMUS them, ealled by Quercetanus Extractum purgane. From the stalk of the tree a resinous juice ex- udes, in warm climates, called Gummi Hed'era, (F.) Gomme de lierre, Reaine de lierre. It is possessed of tonic and astringent properties, but is not used. Hedera Terrestris, Glechoma hederacea. HEDERULA, Glechoma hederacea. HEDISARUM ALHAGI, Agul. HEDRA, 'tSpa, 'topn, 'a vestige,''a seat.' A seat. A fracture of the bones of the cranium, in which the trace of the fracturing instrument is Btill perceptible. It was, also, used by the an- cients, for the anus, the breech, excrement, a privy, a night-chair, and for the bottom of an abscess. HEDROCELE, Proctocele. HEDYCH'ROUM,from 'nSvg, 'sweet,' and x?oa, ' colour.' A remedy of a pleasant colour. Applied to certain trochs, the chief constituent of which was Theriac. HEDYPHO'NIA, from 'nSvg, 'sweet,' and tfmrvn, 'voice.' Sweetness of voice. HEDYPNEUS'TUS, Hedyp'nous, from 'nSvg, 'sweet,' and irvtut, 'I breathe.' Breathing sweet- ly or softly. Smelling sweetly. HEDYPNOIS TARAXACUM, Leontodon ta- raxacum. HEDYSARUM ALHAGI, Agul. HEDYSMA, Condiment. HEEL, see Calcaneum. HELCENTERITIS, Dothinenteritis. HELCO'DES, Ulcerated, Ulcerous. HELCOL'OGY, Helcolog'Ha ; from 'tXxog, 'ul- cer,' and Xoyog, ' discourse.' The doctrine of, or a treatise on, ulcers. HELCOMA, Ulcer. HELCOPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthalmia ulcero'sa. Ophthalmia with ulceration. HEL'COS, from 'tXxog, 'an ulcer.' Hence: HELCOSIS, Elcosis, Ulceration — h. Cerebri, Encephalopyosis—h. Laryngis, Phthisis laryngea —h. Pulmonalis, Phthisis pulmonalis—h. Rena- lis, Nephrelcosis — h. Uteri, see Metrophthisis — h. Vesicas, Cystophthisis. HELCOSTAPHYLO'MA; from 'tXxog, 'ulcer,' and oratpvXtirpa, ' staphyloma.' Staphyloma end- ing in ulceration. HELCOXERO'SIS, from 'tXxog, 'ulcer,' and Inpoxaig, ' dryness.' The drying of an ulcer. HELCTICA, Epispastics. HELCUS, Ulcer. HELCYD'RION, Helcyd'rium, 'tXxvSpiov, Ul- cus'culum, a small ulcer, a superficial ulceration of the cornea.—Galen, Paulus, Foesius. HELCYS'TER, from* 'cXxor, ' I draw.' An iron hook or crotchet for extracting the foetus. See Crotchet. HELENIUM, Inula helenium. Helen'ium Autumna'le, False Sunflower, Sneezewort, Sneezeweed, Swamp Sunflower, Yel- low star, Ox-eye. An indigenous herb, with large golden-yellow compound flowers, which appear in August. All its parts are bitter and somewhat acrid, and when snuffed up the nos- trils in powder are powerful sternutatories. HELIAN'THEMUM CANADEN'SE, Cistus Canaden'sis, Frostwort, Frostroeed, Rock-rose. An herbaceous plant, having large yellow flow- ers, which grows in all parts of the United States, and flowers, in the Middle States, in June. It has an astringent, slightly aromatic, and bitterish taste. It has been prescribed in scrofula, but probably is nothing more than an aromatic tonic. Helian'themum Cory.mbo'sum, Rock rose, an indigenous plant, is used in the same cases. 28 HELIASIS, Astrabolismus, Insolation. HELICHRYSUM NUDIFO'LIUM, Coffer* tea. A South African plant, Nat. Ord. Compo- sitos, which is demulcent, and, in the form of in- fusion, is recommended in catarrh, phthisis, and other pulmonary affections. Helichrysum Serpyllifo'lium, Hottentole tea, and Helichrysum Auricula'tum have simi- lar virtues. HELICIA, Age. HEL'ICINE, Helic"inus, Helicdi'des, Helico'- des, from helix, 'the tendril of the vine.' Re- sembling the tendril of the vine. Helicine Arteries of the penis, as described by J. Miiller, are short vessels given off from the larger brancbes, as well as from the finest twigs of the artery of the organ: most of those come off at a right angle, and project into the cavity of the spongy substance, eitber terminating ab- ruptly or swelling out into a club-like process without again subdividing. Almost all these vessels are bent like a horn, so that the end de- scribes half a circle or somewhat more. They have a great resemblance to the tendrils of the vine, whence their name. A minute examina- tion of them, either with the lens or the micro- scope, shows that, although they at all times project into the venous cavities of the corpora cavernosa, they are not entirely naked, but are covered with a delicate membrane, which, under the microscope, appears granular. HEL'ICIS MAJOR. A muscle of the ear, which originates from the anterior, acute part of the helix, upon which it ascends and is inserted into the helix. It pulls the part into which it is inserted a little downwards and forwards. Helicis Minor. This muscle originates from the under and fore part of the helix, and is in- serted into the helix, near the fissure in the carti- lage, opposite the concha. Its use is to contract the fissure. HELICOIDES, Helicine. HELICOTRE'MA, from 'tXi£, ' helix, cochlea,' and rpnpa, ' a foramen.' The hole by which the two scalas of the cochlea communicate at the apex. HELIGMUS, Convolution. HELIKIA, Age. HELIONOSIS, Insolation. HELIOSIS, Astrabolismus, Insolation. HELIOTROPE, Heliotropium Europasum. HELIOTROPION, Cichorium intybus. HELIOTRO'PIUM EUROPiE'UM, H. erec- titm seu canes'cens seu suplnum, Verruca'ria, The He'liotrope, (F.) Tournesol, Herbe aux ver- mes. This plant is considered to possess aperient properties ; and to be capable of destroying cuta- neous excrescences ; hence one of its names. HELIX, Capre'olxts, from ttXttv, 'to envelop,' ' surround.' The fold is thus called, which forms the outer circumference or ring of the external ear. Helix, Limax. Helix Poma'tia. A large kind of snail, trans- ported from the south of Europe to England by Sir Kenelm Digby, for his lady when in a de- cline. It was considered highly restorative. HELLEBORASTER, Helleborus foetidus —h. foetidus, Helleborus foetidus. HELLEBORE, Dracontium foetidum—h. Amo • rican, Veratrum viride—h. Black, Helleborus niger —h. Plane, Veratrum album—h. Noir, Helleborus niger—h.Stinking,Helleborus foetidus-—b. Swamp, Veratrum viride—h. White, Veratrum album. HELLEBORIS'MUS, Elleboris'xnus. The me- thod of treating disease, amongst the ancients, by hellebore. This comprised not only the choico, preparation, and administration of the medicine, but, likewise, the knowledge and employment uf HELLEBORUS 434 HEMICRANIA preliminary precautions and remedies proper for aiding its action, and preventing the pernicious effects which it might occasion. HELLEBORUS, II. niger—h. Albus, Veratrum album — h. Grandiliorus, H. niger — h. Trifolius, Coptis. Helleb'orus Fce'tidus', Helleboraa'ter, H. fce'- tidua, Elleboraater, Stinking Hellebore or Reor'a foot, Setterwort, (F.) Hellebore ou Ellebore fetide, Pied de Griffon. The leaves of this plant are said to be anthelmintic. The smell of the fresh plant is extremely fetid, and the taste bitter and acrid. It usually acts as a cathartic. Helleborus Niger, H. grandiflo'rus, Elleb'- orus niger, 31 elampo' dium, 3Ielanorrhi'zum, Ee'- tomon, Black Hellebore, 3Ielampode, Chriatruaa Roae, (F.) Hellebore xioir. The root of this Eu- ropean plant—Helleborua, (Ph. U. S.)—has a dis- agreeable odour, and bitter, acrid teste. It is possessed of cathartic properties, and has been recommended as an emmenagogue. It has been given in mania, melancholia, dropsy, suppressed menses, &c. Dose, gr. x to 3j, as a cathartic. HELLECEBRA, Sedum. HELLENIA GRANDIFLORA, Costus. HELMET-FLOWER, YELLOW, Aconitum Anthora. HELMET POD, Jeffersonia Bartoni. HELMINS, Plur. Helmin'thea seu Elmin'thes, from 'tXpivg, ' a worm.' A worm; an entozoon : —hence: HELMINTHAGOGUE, Anthelmintic. HELMINTHI, Worms. HELMINTHIA, Helminthiasis —h. Alvi, Worms. Hklmin'thia Errat'ica. Worms, introduced by accident and without finding a proper habita- tion in the stomach or intestines ; producing spasmodic colic, with severe tormina, and oc- casionally vomiting or dejections of blood ; the 12th genus of the order Enterica, class Cceliaca, of Good. Helminthia Podicis, AVorms. HELMINTHI'ASIS, from 'tXpivg, 'a worm.' A generic name for the condition which gives occasion to the presence of intestinal worms. It is, also, called Helrnin'thia, Vermina'tio, 3Iorbus verinino'sus, Status vermino'sus, Sabur'ra vermi- no'sa, Scoleci'asis, Scolece'sis, Eatozoogen'esis, Parasitis'mus intestina'lis, Worm diseaae, Inver- mina'tion. See Worms. HELMINTHIC, Anthelmintic. HELMINTHOCHORTUM, Corallina Corsi- Ot.ua. HELMINTHOCOLICA. Colica verminosa. HELMINTHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana. HELMINTHOL'OGY, Helmintholog" ia, from 'tXpivg, 'a worm,* and Xoyog, 'a description.' A treatise on worms. HELMINTHONCUS, Malis —h. Medinensis, Dracunculus. HELMINTHOP'YRA, Helminthopyr'etoa, Fe- bris vermino'sa, from 'tXptvg, ' a worm,' and irvp, ' a fever.' Fever occasioned by worms. See Fever, verminous. HELMINTHOPYRETOS, Helminthopyra. HELMINTHUS GORDII, Seta equina. HELODES, Elodes. HELONIAS DIOICA, Chamasleriumluteum— h. Lutea, Chamaelerium luteum—h. Officinalis, see Veratrina. HELOPYRA, Elodes (febris.) IIELOPYRETUS, Elodes (febris.) HELOS, Clavus, Marsh. HELO'SIS, Helo'tis: from 'tXo>, 'I turn.' Eversion of the eyelids, and convulsions of the muscles of the eyes. Plica Polonica. Strabismus. HELOTIS, Helosis, Plica. HELUS, Clavus, Helos. HELXINE, Parietaria. HEMACHROIN, Hasmatin. HE3IAD YNA3IETRE, Hemadynnmomcter. HEMAPERITONIRRHAGIE, Hamaperito- nirrhag"ia ; from'aipa, 'blood,' peritoumum, and pnywpt, ' I break forth.' Hemorrhage into the peritoneum. HE3IAPROCTIE, Hasmorrhois. HE MAST A TIQUES, Hasmatostatica. HE3IATIDROSE, Sudor cruentus. HEMATIN, Hasmatin. HEMATO-ENCEPHALIE, Apoplexy. HEMATOID, Hasmatodes. HE3IATOLOGIE, Hasmatology. HEMATOLOGY, Hasmatology. HE MAT 031 YE LIE, Hemorrhagic de la Mo- elle Epinxere. HEMATONCIE, Hasmatoncus, see Hasmato- des fungus—h. Fongdide, Haematodes fungus. HE3IATOPISIE, Hasmatops. HEMATORRHACHIS, Apoplexiamyelitica. HEMATOSIN, Hasmatin. IIEMERA, 'nptpa, 'a day.' Dies. Hence: HEMERALOPIA, see Nyctalopia. Hemeralo'pia, from 'npvpa, 'the day,' and oirropat, ' I see.' Hameralops, Dyso'pia tenebra'- rnm, Caligo tenebra'rum, Parop'aia Noctif'uga, Viaue diur'xma, Nyctalo'pia, (of aome,) Nyctoty- phlo'aia, Amblyo'pia crepuacula'ria, Cacitas cres- puscula'ris seu noctur'na, A'cies diur'na, Day- sight, Day-vision, Hen blxndneaa, Night blindness, (F.) Vue diurne, Avenglement de Nuit. A dis- ease, in which the eyes enjoy the faculty of see- ing, whilst the sun is above the horizon, but are incapable of seeing by the aid of artificial light. Its causes are not evident. The eye, when care- fully examined, presents no alteration, either in its membranes or humours. IIEM'ERALOPS, Dorea. One labouring under hemeralopia. Also, Hemeralopia. HEMERATYPHLOSIS, Nyctalopia. HEMERODROMA, (febris) Ephemera. HEMEROPATHI'A; from 'nptpa,' a day,' and nadog, ' an affection.' A disease, which continues only a day; or, which is only observed during the day. HEMI, 'npt, 'npiavg, 'half,' 'semi.' Hence: HEMIAMAUROSIS, Hemiopia. HEMIANDRUS, Eunuch. HEMIANOR, Eunuch. HEMIAXTHROPIA, Mania. HKMIANTHROPUS, Eunuch, Maniac. HEMIAZYGA, (Vena*) see Azygos vein. HEMICEPHAL^EA, Hemicrania. HEMICEPHALiEUM, Sinciput. HEMICEPHALIUM, Sinciput. HEMICEPHALUM, Sinciput. HEMICEPH'ALUS, Semiceph'alue, from 'npt, 'half,' and xttpaXn, 'head.' One who has half a head. HEMICRA'NIA, Hemicephala'a, Aligra'na, Grana, Hcmipa'gia, Hemipe'gx'a, Heterocra'nia, 31onopa'gia, 3Ionope'gia, Cephala'a Hemicra'nia, Hemipathla, 3Iegrim, from 'npiovg, 'half,' and xpaviov, 'cranium.' (F.) 3ligrainc Pain, con- fined to one half the head. It is almost always of an intermittent character;—at times, continu- ing only as long as the sun is above the horizon; and hence sometimes called Sun-pain, — and is cured by cinchona, arsenic, and the remedies adapted for intermittents. Hemidrania Idiopathica, Neuralgia, facial. HEMIDES'MUS IN'DICUS, Periplo'ca In'- HEMIDESMUS dica, Ascle'pias Pseudosar'sa, Sarsaparil'la In'- diea, Nannari, Indian Sarsaparilla. A Hindoos- tanee plant, the root of which has a peculiar aromatic odour, and a bitterish taste. It is used in India as a substitute for sarsaparilla. HEMIDIAPHORE'SIS, Transpira'tio Uni- lat'era; from 'npi, 'half,' and Siaipopneig, 'perspi- ration.' Perspiration of one half the body. HEMIEC'TON, Hemiec'teon, Semisex'tum. A vessel capable of containing 36 chopines or pints, and in which fumigations were made in diseases of the uterus and vagina.—Hippocrates. HEMIM'ELES, from 'npiovg, 'one half,' and ptXog, ' a limb.' A genus of monsters, in which the upper or lower extremities are very defective — mere stumps,—and the fingers and toes are en- tirely wanting or very imperfect.—G. St. Hilaire. HEMIMCS'RION, from 'nptavg, and potpa, 'a part.' ' One half.'—Foesius. Also, half a drachm. ■—Erotian. HEMTNA. A Greek measure, answering to the Cotyle, xorvXn, i. e. one half the sextarius, or about half a pint, English. HEMIOBOL'ION, Hemiob'olon. Half the obo- lus. A weight of about five grains.—Gorrasus. HEMIO'LION. A weight of 12 drachms, or oz. 1^.—Galen. See Sescuncia. HEMIO'PIA, Hemiop'sia, Hemioplaaia, Suf- fu'aio dimid'ians, Visaa dimidia'tua, 31ormor'yge Hippoc'ratis, Hemiamauro' sis, Amauro'aia dimi- dia'ta, from 'nptovg, 'one half,' and oirropai, 'I see.' Depraved vision, in which the person sees only one half of an object. HEMIOPIASLS, Hemiopia. HEMIOPSIS, Hemiopia. HEMIPA'GES, Dicor'yphus dihypogos'trius, Oc'topus aynopheoceph'alus, from 'npi, 'half,' and vnyvvpt, ' I fasten.' A monstrosity, in which twins are united from the navel to the vertex.— I. G. Saint Hilaire. HEMIPAGIA, Hemicrania. HEMIPATHIA, Hemicrania. HEMIPEGIA, Hemicrania. HEMIPHO'NIA, from 'npi, 'half,' and vn, 'voice.' Great weakness of voice. HEMIPLE'GIA, Hemiplegia, Paral'ysis He- miplegia, Serniple'gia, Semi-sidera'tio, from 'npi- cvg, ' one half,' and irXnoato, or rXnrrta, ' I strike.' Paralysis of one side of the body. See Paralysis. One so palsied is said to be hemipleg"ic, semi- sidera'tus. Hemiplegia Facialis, Paralysis, Bell's. HEMIPLEXIA, Hemiplegia. HEMIPROSOPLEGIA, Paralysis, Bell's. HEMISPH,ER.E CEREBRI, Hemispheres of the brain. HEMISPHERE, Hemispha'ra, Hemxspha'ri- um, from 'nptavg, 'one half,' and etfraipa, 'a sphere.' One half of a sphere or of a body having a sphe- roidal shape. Hemispheres of the Brain, Hemiapha'rm. cer'ebri, Hemispherical gan'glia, are the upper spheroidal portions of the brain, separated from each other by the falx cerebri. HEMISPHERICAL GANGLIA, Hemispheres of the brain. HE3IITE, Hasmitis. HEMITRIT^l'A, (FEBRIS,) F. Semi-terti- a'na, Febris sesquial'tera, (F.) Semi-tierce, Fievre demitierce. A semi-tertian fever, so called be- cause it seems to possess both the characters of the tertian and quotidian intermittent. — Galen, Spigelius. HEMIUNCIA, Hemiuncion. HEMIUN'CION, Hemiun'cia, Semun'cia, Se- miun'cia. Half an ounce. i HEPAR HEMLOCK, Conium maculatum—h. Ameri- can, Cicuta maculate—h. Bastard, Chasrophyllum sylvestre—h. Common, Conium maculatum — h. Dropwort, Olnanthe — h. Gum, see Pinus Cana- densis— h. Pitch, see Pinus Canadensis - h. Spruce, Pinus Canadensis — h. Water, American Cicuta maculate—h. Water, fine-leaved, Phellan- drium aquaticum—h. Water, Cicuta aquatica—h. Wild, Cicuta maculate. HEMOCARD10PLASTIES, see Polypus. HEMODIA, Haemodia. HE3IO-ENCEPHA L ORRHA 6?Z#, Apoplexy. HEMOHEPA TORRHAGIE, Hepatorrhagia. HE3103IETRE, Hasmadynamometer. HE 31031YEL ORRHA GIE, Apoplexy, spinal. HE3IOPTYSIE, Hasmoptysis—A. Foudroy- ante, see Hasmoptysis. HEMORRHAGE, Hasmorrhagia—h. Acciden- tal, see Haemorrhagia—h. Active, see Hasmorrha- gia—h. from the Bladder, Cystirrhagia—h. Con- stitutional, see Hasmorrhagia — h. Critical, see Hasmorrhagia—h. by Exhalation, see Hasmorrha- gia—h. External, see Hasmorrhagia—h. General, see Hasmorrhagia — h. from the Intestines, Me- lasna—h. Internal, see Hasmorrhagia—h. Inter- stitial, Apoplexy—h. Local, see Hasmorrhagia— h. of the Mucous Membranes, see Hasmorrhagia —h. Passive, see Hasmorrhagia—h. from the Pi- tuitary Membrane, Epistaxis—h. Pleural, Haema- tothorax—h. from the Skin, Sudor cruentus—h. Spinal, Apoplexy, spinal — h. Spontaneous, see Hasmorrhagia — b. Supplementary, see Hasmor- rhagia—h. Symptomatic, see Hasmorrhagia—h. of the Tissues, see Hasmorrhagia—h. Traumatic, see Hasmorrhagia—h. Uterine, Metrorrhagia. HEMORRHAGIC PLEURISY, Hasmatotho- rax. HE3IORRHAGIE RUCCALE, Stomatorrha- gia—A. Cerebrale, Apoplexy—A. du Foie, Hepa- torrhagia— h. Interstitielle, Apoplexy—A. Ixrter- stitielle du Poumon, Hasmoptysis — h. des Intes- tine, Haematochezia— h. de la 3Iatrice, Metror- rhagia— A. 3leningee, Apoplexy, meningeal — A. de la 3Ioelle epiniere, Apoplexia myelitica — A. Nosule, Epistaxis—A. de la Vessie, Cystirrhagia. HEMORRHAGIP'AROUS, (F.) Hemorrhagi- pare, from hamorrhagia, 'hemorrhage,' and pa- dre, 'to bring forth.' That which gives occasion to hemorrhage: thus, softening of the neurine maj' be hemorrhagijxarous. HEMORRHIN1E, Epistaxis. HEMORRHOIDAIRE, (F.) One who is sub- ject to hemorrhoids. HEMORRHOIDES, Hasmorrhois —A. Aveu- gles, Cascas hasmorrhoides. See Hasmorrhois. HEMORRHOSCOPIE, Hasmatoscopia. HEMOSPASIE, Hasmospasia. HEMOSPASIQ UE, Hasmospastic. HEMOSTASIE, Hemostasia. HE!310STA TIQUES, Hasmatostatica. HEMP, INDIAN, Apocynum cannabinum, Bangue—h. Wild, Ambrosia trifida. HEMPSEED, see Cannabis sativa. HENBANE, Hyoscyamus. HENBIT, La.mium amplexicaule. HEN-BLINDNESS, Hemeralopia. II'ENNE, Lawsonia inermis. HEXRICEA PHARMACEARCHA, Gentiana chirayita. HENRICUS RUBENS, Colcothar. HEPAR, 't/irap, 'genitive,' 'nirarog, 'liver.' A name for substances resembling liver in appear- ance. The ancient name for the liver of sulphur, Hepar aul'phuris; which is sometimes a com- pound of sulphur and potassium; at others, of sulphur and potassa. See Potassas sulphuretum. 43 HEPATALGIA 43 Hepar Adulterinum, Spleen. Hepar Antimonia'tum is a compound of a lulphuret of antimony and an alkali. See Oxy- dum stibii sulphuretum. Hepar Martia'le. A compound of sulphuret of potass and an oxide of iron. Hepar Sanguinis, see Blood — h. Sinistrum, Spleen — h. Sulphuris salinum, Potassas sulphu- retum—h. Sulphuris volatile, Ammonias sulphu- retum—h. Uterinum, Placenta. HEPATAL'GIA, Hepatodyn'ia, Neuralgia he'patia, Colica hepat'ica, from 'nirap, 'liver,' and aXyog, ' pain.' Pain in the liver. Neuralgia of the Hver, (F.) Nevralgie du Foie. Hepatalgia Calculosa, Colica hepatica—h. Petitiana, Turgescentia vesiculae felleas — h. Phlegmonoides, Hepatitis. HEPATAPOSTE'MA, from V«p, 'the liver,' and airoornpa, ' an abscess.' Abscess of the liver. HEPATARIUS, Hepaticus. HEPATATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia seu Aridu'ra he'patis, from 'nrrap, ' the liver,' and atrophia, ' atrophy.' Atrophy of the liver:—a general con- comitant of Cirrho'sis he'patis. HEPATAUXE, Hypertroph'ia he'patis, (F.) Hyperhe'patotrophie, Hypertrophic du foie. Hy- pertrophy of the liver. HEPATECHE'MA, Son'itus hepat'icus, from *ntrap, 'liver,' and 'nxnpa, 'sound.' Sound ren- dered by the liver on percussion. HEPATEMPHRAX'IS, from 'n~ap, 'liver,' and tptppaoow, 'I obstruct.' Emphrax'ia hepatis, Hepatic obstruction.—Ploucquet. HEPATENCEPHALO'MA, Hepatomyelo'ma, Fuxigus he'patia medulla'ris, from 'nirap, ' liver,' and tyxtipaXog, 'encephalon.' Encephaloid of the liver. HEPATE'RUS, Hepat'icus, Jecora'rius. A variety of diarrhoea, Fluxus hepaticus.—Gorrasus. HEPATH.FMORRHAG"IA, Hamorrhag"ia hepat'ica, Hepatorrhag"xa, Apoplex'ia hepat'ica, (F.) Hemorrhagic du foie, Hemohepatorrhagie, from 'nirap, 'liver,' and 'atpoppayta, 'hemorrhage.' Hemorrhage from the liver. HEPAT'IC, Hepat'icus, Hepata'riua, Hepate'- rus, Hepato'ides, Hepato'dea, Jecoro'rx'ua, from 'nirap, ' the liver.' Belonging or relating to or resembling liver. Hepatic Ar'tery, Arte'ria Hepat'ica. One of the three branches given off by the coeliac. It passes towards the inferior surface of the liver; where it divides into two branches, a right and a left, which proceed towards the corresponding parts of that organ. The right branch gives off the cystic artery. Before dividing, the hepatic artery sends off two considerable branches, the A. pylorica and Gaatro-epiploiea dextra. Hepatic Duct, Ductus hepat'icus, (F.) Canal hepatique, is about three fingers' breadth in length, and of the size of a quill. It is formed by the union of the biliary ducts, and joins the cystic duct at a very acute angle, to form the ductus choledochus. Its function is to convey the bile from the liver towards the duodenum. Hepatic Plexus, Plexua hepat'icus, consists of nervous filaments, sent by the coeliac plexus to the liver, which accompany the hepatic artery. Hepatic Veins, Supra-hepatic Veins, Vena ear-a hepat'ica, (F.) Vrines sxis-hepatiques, Intra- lob'ular veins, do not follow the course of the arteries of the same name. They arise in the substance of the liver; converge towards the posterior margin of that viscus, and open into the vena cava inferior. They convey away the blood carried to the liver by the hepatic artery and vena porta. 16 HEPATITIS HEPAT'ICA. Medicines believed to be ca- pable of affecting the liver. Hepatica, H. triloba — h. Americana, H. tri- loba— h. Font-ana, Marchantia polymorpha—h. Nobilis, H. triloba—h. Stellate, Asperula, odorata, Hepatica Tril'oba, H. America'na, Anemo'ni hepat'ica seu nob'His, Herba trinita'tis, Hepat'ica, Hepat'icus flos, Trifo'lium hepat'icum, Trifo'lium au'reum, Liverxcort, Liverweed, Trefoil, Noble Liverwort, Herb Trin'ity, (F.) Hepatique des jardins. This plant—Hepat'ica (Ph. U. S.)—is a gentle astringent, but not possessed of much virtue. HEPATICULA, Hepatitis, chronic. HEPATICUS, Hepateros — h. Flos, Hepatica triloba. HEPATIFICATIO, Hepatization. HEPATIQUE ETOILEE, Asperula odorata —A. des Fontaines, Marchantia polymorpha—A. des Jardins, Hepatica triloba. HEPATIRRHffi'A, Fluxus hepat'icus, Dysen- ter'ia hepat'ica, Diarrhce'a hepat'ica, Hepator- rhce'a, Hepatocholorrhce'a, Hepatodysenter'ia, He- patox-rhag"ia, Hamate'ro, Aimate'ra, (F.) Flux hepatique, from 'nirap, ' the liver,' and ptor, ' I flow.' A species of diarrhoea in which the ex- creted matters seem to come from the liver, or are much mixed with bile. HEPATIS EMUNCTORIA, Inguen—h. Sus- pensorium, Ligament, suspensory, of the liver. HEPATISATIO, Hepatization — h. Pulmo- num, Hepatization of the Lungs. HEPATISATION, Hepatization — A. Grise, see Hepatization—h. Rouge, see Hepatization. HEPATITES VENA, Cava^vena. HEPATI'TIS, Empres'ma' hepatitis, Caxtma hepatitis, Infiamma'tio he'patis, I. Jecino'ris, Febria hepat'ica inflammato'ria, Hepatalgia phlegmondi'des, 3Iorbus jecino'ris, Hepatophleg'- mone, Inflammation of the liver, (F.) Hepatite, Inflammation du foie, Piice (Provincial). It may be seated either in the peritoneal covering, Sero-hepati'tis, or in the substance of the liver, or in both*, Puro-hepati'tis, and may be acute or chronic. The peculiar symptoms are :—pain in the right hypochondrium, shooting to the back and right shoulder, and increased on pressure; difficulty of lying on the left side; sometimes jaundice with cough, and synocha. Its termi- nation is generally by resolution : — in tropical climates it often runs on to suppuration, Jec'oris vom'ica, Hepatitis apostemato'sa, the abscess breaking either externally, or forming a commu- nication with the intestines or chest, or breaking into the cavity of the abdomen. The caxises are those of inflammation in general. Heat predis- poses to it; hence its greater frequency in hot climates. On dissection of those who have died of it, the liver has been found hard and enlarged; colour of a deep purple ; or the membranes have been more or less vascular; or adhesions, or tu- bercles, or hydatids, or abscesses, or biliary cal- culi may be met with. The treatment must be bold. Bleeding, general and local, fomentations, blisters, purgatives, and the antiphlogistic regi- men. In hot climates especially, a new action must be excited by mercury as early as possible. Hepatitis Apostematosa, see Hepatitis. Hepatitis, Chronic, Hepatitis chron'iea, In. flamma'tio he'patia lenta, Hepatitis occulta, He- patic'ula, Sribinflamma'tro he'patis, (F.) Chrono- he.potite, Chronic liver disease, is not as common as is believed. It may be suspected from the existence cf the symptoms above mentioned, when in a minor degree ; enlargement, constant dull pain in the region of the liver; sallow coun- tenance ; high - coloured urine ; clay - coloured \ HERBA HEPATIZATION 4 faeces, &c. The great object of treatment is to excite a new action by mercury and counter- irritants, and to keep the liver free by cathartics. Hepatitis Cystica, Cholecystitis—h. Occulta, H. chronic. HEPATIZATION, Hepatisa'tio, Hepatifica'- tio, from 'nirap, ' the liver.' Conversion into a liver-like substance. Applied to the lungs when gorged with effused matters, so that they are no longer pervious to the air;—Hepatisa'tio pulmo'- num, Carnifica'tio pulmo'num. In such state, they are said to be hepatized. Hepatization, Red, (F.) Hepatisation rouge, Endurcissernent rouge, Ramollissement rouge, cha- racterizes the first stage of consolidation of the lungs in pneumonia. Hepatization, Gray, (F.) Hepatisation grise, Induration grise, Ramollissement gris, Infiltration purulente, characterizes the third stage, or stage of purulent infiltration. HEPATIZON, Chloasma. HEPATOC'ACE, from 'nirap, 'liver,' and xaxog, 'evil.' Gangrene of the liver. HEPATOCE'LE, from 'nirap, 'the liver,'and KrrXn, 'a tumour;' Her'xiia hepat'ica ; Hernia of the liver. The liver has never been found en- tirely out of the abdominal cavity. Increase of its bulk, or injuries of the parietes of the abdo- men, have been the sole cause of the protrusions which have been occasionally met with, espe- cially in infants, in whom the upper part of the linea alba is very weak, and indeed scarcely seems to exist. Sauvages has distinguished two species of hepatocele : — the ventral (in the linea alba), and the umbilical or hepatomphalum. HEPATOCHOLORRHCEA, Hepatirrhosa. HEPATOCO'LICUM. A ligament of the liver, described by Haller, as passing from the gall- bladder and contiguous sinus portarum, across the duodenum to the colon. Another, termed Hepato-renal, descends from the root of the liver to the kidney. They are both peritoneal. HEPATOCYS'TIC, Hepatocys'ticua, Cystide- palicus, from 'nrrap, 'the liver,' and xvang, 'blad- der.' Relating to the liver and gall-bladder. Hepatocystic Duct, Ductus hepatocyst'icus. The choledoch duct. HEPATODYNIA, Hepatalgia. HEPATODYSENTERIA, Hepatirrhosa. HEPATOGASTRIC, Gastrohepatic. HEPATOGASTROCHOLOSIS, Fever, bilious, Fever, gastric. HEPATOG'RAPHY, Hepatogra'phia ; from 'nirap, 'the liver,' and ypaipn, 'a description.' The part of anatomy which describes the liver. HEPATOH^l'MIA, Hyperemia he'patis, He- patic Engorgement, (F.) Hyperemie du Foie, from 'nrrap, 'the liver,' and 'atpa, 'blood.' Sanguineous congestion of tbe liver. HEPATODES, Hepatic. HEPATOIDES, Hepatic. HEPATOLITHI'ASIS, from 'nmip, 'the liver,' and Xtdtatrig, ' formation of stone.' The formation of concretions, Hepatolithi, in the liver. HEPATOL'OGY, Hepatolog"ia, from 'nirap, 'the liver,' and Xoyog, 'a discourse,' 'treatise.' A treatise on the liver. HEPATOMALA'CIA, Malaco'sis he'patis, (F.) Ramollissement du Foie. Softening of the liver. HEPATOMYELOMA, Hepatencephaloma. HEPATON'CUS, from 'nirap,' the liver,' and oyxog, 'a tumour.' Tumefaction of the liver. HEPATOPAREC'TAMA, from 'nmip, 'the liver,' and iraptxrapa, 'considerable extension.' Excessive enlargement of the liver. HEPATOPATHI'A, from 'nirap, 'liver,' and vadog, ' suffering.' Liver-Disease. Disease of the liver. HEP ATOP ATHIE CANCJEREUSE, Hepa- toscirrhus—A. Tuberculeuse, Hepatostrumosie. HEPATOPHLEGMONE, Hepatitis. HEPATOPHTHI'SIS, Phthisis hepat'ica, fr^m 'nmip, 'the liver,'and 4>8iw, 'I consume.' Con- sumption from suppuration of the liver. HEPATORRHAGIA, Hepatirrhosa, Hepathae- morrhagia. HEPATORRHEX'IS, from 'nirap, 'liver,'and pn&g, 'rupture.' Rupture of the liver. HEPATORRHCEA, Hepatirrhosa. HEPATOSARCOMIE, Hepatoscirrhus. HEPATOSCIR'RHUS, from 'nirap, 'liver,' and axtppog, ' cancerous induration.' Scirrhus he'patia, Encephalo'sis of the liver, Carcinoma of the liver, (F.) Hepatosarcomie, Hepatopathie can- cereuse, Cancer du Foie. Scirrhus or Cancer of the liver. HEPATOSTRUMOSIE, Tuber'cula he'patis, (F.) Tubercules du Foie, Hepatopathie tubercu- leuse; from 'nrrap, 'the liver,' and struma, 'a tu- mour,' ' a scrophulous tumour.' Tubercle of the liver. HEPATOT'OMY, from 'nirap, 'the liver,' and rtpvor, ' I cut.' Dissection of the liver. HEPIALOS, Epialos. HEPS, see Rosa canina. HEPSEMA, Decoction. HEPSESIS, Decoction. HEPTAL CYCLE, see Cycle. HEPTAL'LON GRAVEOLENS, Hogwort, Rear's fright. An indigenous plant, which has a fetid porcine smell * and is said to be used by the Indians as a diaphoretic, cathartic, &c. HEPTAPHAR'MACUM, from 'trrra, 'seven,' and ipappaxov, 'aremedy.' A medicine composed of seven substances; cerusse, litharge, pitch, wax, colophon j, frankincense, and bullock's fat. It wad regarded as laxative, suppurating and healing. HEPTAPHYLLUM, Tormentilla. HEPTAPLEURON, Plantago major. HERACLEUM, see H. lanatum — h. Branca, H. spondylium. Heracle'um Spondyl'ium, H. Rran'ca, Rranct urslxia, R. German'ica, Spondyl'ium, Sphondyl■■ ium, Cow Parsnep, All-heal, (F.) Rerce, Rranc- ursine bdtarde, Faueae Acanthe. Family, Um- belliferas. «SV^-. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The root of this plant has a strong, rank smell; and a pungent, almost caustic taste. It has been given as a tonic, stomachic and carminative; both in powder and in decoction. The Russians, Lithuanians, and Poles obtain from its seeds and leaves, by fermentation, a very intoxicating spi- rituous liquor, which they call Par at. The root of Heracle'um Lima'turn, 3tasterwort, Cow parsnep,—Heracle'um (Ph. U. S.)—is in the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. HERACLEUS MORBUS, Epilepsy. HERB, Herba, Rolane. Any ligneous plant which loses its stalk during the winter. Herb Christopher, Actaea spicata. Herb-Doctor, Rotan'ical Doctor, Rotarlical physic"ian. One who treats diseases altogether by herbs; as the—so called—" Thompsonians." Herb op Grace, Gratiola officinalis—h. Mas- tich, common, Thymus mastichina— h. Mastlch, Syrian, Teucrium marum—h. Robert, Geranium Robertianum — h. of Saint Cunegonde, Eupato- rium cannabinum—h. Sophia, Sisymbrium sopbia —h. Trinity, Hepatica triloba. HERBA, Herb — h. Alexandrina, Smyrnium olusatrum—h. Althaeas, Pelargonium cucullatuui — h. Anthos, Rosmarinus — h. Benedicta, Geum urbanum—h. Britannica, Rumex hydrolapathum — h. Canni, Artemisia santonica — h. Cardiaca, Leonurus cardiaca — h. Cardui veneris, Dipsacm HERBJJ 43 fullor-um—h. Dorea, Solidago virgaurea—h. Fe- lis, Nepeta—h. Genipi, Achillea atrata—h. Ignis, Lichen pyxidatus — h. Melancholifuga, Fumaria —h. Militaris, Achillea millefolium — h. Papilla- ris, Lapsana — h. Paralyseos, Primula veris — h. Paralytica, Primula veris—h. Patas lapinas, Leo- nurus cardiaca — h. Pulicaris, Plantago psyllium — h. Quercini, Lichen plicatus — h. Sacra, Ver- bena officinalis — h. Salivaris, Anthemis pyre- thrum— h. Sideritidis, Galeopsis grandiflora—h. Tabaci, Nicotiana tabacum — h. Trinitatis, Ane- mone hepatica, Viola tricolor — h. Veneris, Adi- antum pedatum — h. Ventis, Anemone Pulsatilla — h. Vitri, see Salsola kali—h. Zazarhendi, Ori- ganum. HERBiE PRO ENEMATE, Glyster herbs — h. pro fotu, Fomentation herbs. HERBALIST, Herborist. HERBA'RIUM, from herba, a plant. A col- lection of plants. Generally applied to a collec- tion of dried plants — Hortus siccus. In Phar- macy, a plant that is used entire. HERBARIUS, Herborist. HERRE, Herb—A. au Cancer, Plumbago Eu- ropasa— A. aux Chantres, Erysimum — A. aux Charpentiers, Justitia pectoralis — A. axtx Chats, Nepeta, Teucrium marum — A. au Coq, Tanace- tum balsamita — A. au Cuillers, Cochlearia offici- nalis — A. aux Ecrouelles, Scrophularia nodosa— h. aux Ecus, Lysimachia nummularia—A. d Eter- nuer, Achillea ptarmica—A. aux Gueux, Clematis vitalba—A. d la Houette, Asclepias Syriaca — A. d'Ivrogne, Lolium temulenium—A. aux Mamelles, Lapsana — A. aux 3Iouches, Conyza squarrosa — A. au Pauvre homme, Gratiola officinalis — A. aux Perles, Lithospermum officinale — A. d Pisser, Pyrola umbellate — A. d la Poudre de Chypre, Hibiscus abelmosehus—A. aux Poxix, Delphinium Staphisagria — A. aux Puces commune, Plantago psyllium — h. d Robert, Geranium Robertianum — A. de Sainte Rarbe, Erysimum barbarea — A. Sainte Chrietophe, Actaea spicata — A. de Saint Etienne, Circasa lutetiana—A. de Saint Jean, Ar- temisia vulgaris—A. de Saint Roch, Inula dysen- terica—A. aux Sorciers, Circasa lutetiana—A. aux Vermes, Heliotropium Europasum. HERBIVOROUS, Herbiv'orus, from herba, ' grass,' and voro, ' I eat.' An epithet applied to animals which feed on herbs. HER'BORIST, Herba'rius. One who deals in useful plants. An Herb'alist or Herb'ariat. HERBORIZA'TION, Herba'rum inquieil'io. An excursion, made with the view of collecting plants. Such excursions are directed by the Apothecaries' Company of London, for the use of their apprentices, Ac. HERBS, FIVE CAP'ILLARY, Quinque herbm capilla!rea, were, anciently, hart's tongue; black, white, and golden maiden-hair, and spleenwort. Herbs, Five Emol'lient, Quinque herbm emol- lien'tea, were, anciently, beet, mallow, marsh- mallow, French mercury, and violet. HERCULES ALLHEAL, Pastinaca opoponax. HERCULEUS MORBUS, Epilepsy. HEREDITAIRE, Hereditary. HERED'ITARY, Hmredita'riua, Heredito'- rixia, Gentilit"ius, Sym'phytoa, Syn'genea, (F.) Hereditaire, from hmree, 'an heir.' An epithet given to diseases, communicated from progeni- tors. Such diseases may exist at birth ; or they n.ay supervene at a more or less advanced period of existence. Hereditary diseases, Morbi heredi- .a'rii, (F.) 3Ialadii.s hereditaix'es, often prevail amongst several members of a family, or are family diseases or complaints. H E R M A P H R 0 D E'l T Y, Hermaphrodia'ia, Hermaphr oditis'mus, Hermaphrodis'mus, Fab'rica 58 HERNIA androg"yna, Androgyn'ia, Gynan'dria, HermaptV. rodism; from 'Eppng, ' Mercury,' and AQpo&trn, 'Venus.' Appertaining to Mercury and Venus. Union of the two sexes in the same individual. HERMAPHRODISIA, Hermaphrodeity. HERMAPH'RODITE. Same etymon. Her. maphrodltus, Gynida, Androg"ynxts. One who possesses the attributes of male and female : who unites in himself the two sexes. A term, applied to an animal or plant which is, at the same time, both male and female. True bermaphrodites are only met with in the lower degrees of the animal scale, amongst the zoophytes, mollusca, or gaste- ropoda. The individuals of the human species, regarded as hermaphrodites, owe this appearance to a vicious conformation of the genital organs; a kind of monstrosity, which renders them unfit for generation, although an attentive examination may exhibit tbe true sex. Hermaphrodites have, likewise, been described, which, instead of uniting .the attributes of both sexes, cannot be considered male or female. These have been called neutral herm aphroditea. HERMAPHRODITISM US, Hermaphrodeity. HERMAPHRODITUS, Hermaphrodite. HERMET'ICA DOCTRI'NA, Hermetica are, (F.) Hermetique. The doctrine of Hermes, a celebrated Egyptian philosopher, who is con- sidered the father of alchemy. That part of chymistry, whose object was the pretended trans- mutation of the metals. HERMODAC'TYLUS, Dactxjle'tus, Axlixna ar- ticulo'rum, from 'Eppng, ' Mercury,' and iaxrvXog, 'a finger;' or rather from Hermits, a river in Asia, upon whose banks it grows, and 6axroXost 'a date;' or from 'Kppng, 'Mercury,' and SaxrvXog, 'a date;' (F.) Hermodoctyle, Hermodacte ou Her- modate. The root of the Hermodactyl was for- merly used as a cathartic. By some, it is sup- posed to be identical with the Iris tubero'sa. The best testimony seems to be in favour of its being a variety of the colchicum,— Col'chicum Illyr'icum. HERMODATE, Hermodactylus. HERMOPH'ILUS, from 'Eppng, 'Mercury,' and tplXog, ' a lover.' One who is fond of mercury as a medicine. HER'NIA, Ramex, Ruptu'ra, R. hernio'aa, Crepatu'ra, Ectop'ia hernia'sa, Cell, Rupture, Rurst, (F.) Hargne, Descente, Effox-t, Grevextre, Rompeure. Any tumour, formed by the displace- ment of a viscus or a portion of a viscus, which has escaped from its natural cavity by some aper- ture and projects externally. Hernias have been divided into,—1. Hernia of the Brain; Encepha- locele; 2. Hernia of the Thorax; Pneumocele; 3. Hernia of the Abdomen. Abdom'inal Hernim are remarkable for their frequency, variety, and the danger attending them. They are produced by the protrusion of the viscera, contained in the abdomen, through the natural or accidental apertures in the parietes of that cavity. The organs, which form them most frequently, are the intestines and the epi- ploon. These hernias have been divided, accord- ing to the apertures by which they escape, into: 1. Inguinal or Supra-Pu'bian Hernia. These issue by the inguinal canal: they are called Bu- bonoce'le, when small; and Scrotal Hernia or Oscheocele, in man, when they descend into the scrotum ; — Vulvar Hernia or Puden'dal or La'- bial Hernia, Episioce'le, in women, when they extend to the labia majora. 2. Crural or Fem'- oral Hernia, Me'roce'le, when they issue by the crural canal. 3. Infra-Pu'bian Hernia, (F.) Her- nie sous-pubienne, Oodeoce'le, Her'nia foram'inis ova'lis, when the viscera escape through the opening, which gives passage to the infra-pubian HERNIA 439 HEROIC vessels. 4. Ischiat'ic Hernia; when it takes place through the sacro-sciatic notch. 5. Umbilical Hernia, Exom'phalos, Omphaloce'le ; when it oc- curs at the umbilicus or near it. 6. Epigas'tric Hernia ;—occurring through the linea alba, above the umbilicus. 7. Hypogastric or Infra-xtxnbil'- ical Hernia, Ccelioce'le, Hypogastx-oee'le, — when it occurs through the linea alba below the umbi- licus. 8. Perinm'al Hernia, Alesoscelocele, Her'- nia perinm'i, Perinmoce'le, Perineocele—when it takes place through the levator ani, and appears at the perineum. 9. Vag"inal Hernia, Coleoce'le seu Elytrocele — through the parietes of the va- gina. 10. Diaphragmat'ic Hernia, Diaphrag- matoce'le; when it passes through the diaphragm. Hernias are likewise distinguished,—according to the viscera forming them, — into Enteroce'le, Epiploce'le, En'tero-epiploce'le, Gastroce'le, Cys- toee'le, Hepatoce'le, Splenoce'le, &c. When a hernia can be restored to its natural cavity, by tbe aid of pressure, Ac, properly ap- plied, it is said to be reducible. It is, on the con- trary, irreducible, when adhesion, bulk, &c, op- pose its return. When the aperture, which has given passage to the hernia, occasions more or less constriction on the protruded portion, the hernia is said to be incarcerated or strangulated: and, if the constriction be not removed, consti- pation, hiccough, vomiting, and all the signs of violent inflammation, followed by gangrene, su- pervene, with alteration of the features, small pulse, cold extremities, and death. The therapeutical indications are, — 1. As re- gards reducible hefnia: — to replace the viscera in the abdomen by the taxis; and to retain them there by the use of a truss, which, if properly adapted, may effect a radical cure. 2. As regards irreducible hernia: — to support the tumour by an appropriate suspensory bandage. 3. As re- gards strangulated hernia: —to have recourse to the taxis; blood-letting; warm bath; tobacco glysters ; ice to the tumour; and, if these should not succeed, to perform an operation, which con- sists in dividing the covering of the hernia, and cutting the aponeurotic ring, which causes the Strangulation ; — reducing the displaced viscera, unless their diseased condition should require them to be retained without;—dressing the wound appropriately ;—restoring the course of the fasces by means of gentle glysters ;—preventing or com- bating inflammation of the abdominal viscera;— conducting the wound to cicatrization, by appro- priate means ; and afterwards supporting tbe ci- catrix by a bandage. The word hernia was also used, of old, for the scrotum, and, not unfrequently, for the testicle. Hernia, Aneurismal, Cirsomphalus — h. Ar- teriarum, see Aneurism—h. of the Bladder, Cys- tocele— h. Bronchialis, Bronchocele—h. Carnosa, Sarcocele — h. of the Cerebellum, Parencephalo- cele—h. Cerebri, Encephalocele. Hernia, Congen'ital, Hernia congen'ifa, is a protrusion of some of the contents of the abdomen into the Tunica vaginalis testis, owing to a want of adhesion between its sides, after the descent of the testicle. Hernia Corner, Ceratocele — h. Crural, Me- rocele — h. Epiploic, Epiplocele — h. Femoral, Merocele — h. Foraminis Ovalis, see Hernia — h. Gutturis, Bronchocele — h. Hepatica, Hepa- tocele. Hernia Humora'lis, Empres'ma Orch.i'tis, Di- dymi'tis, Orchitis, Orchidi'tis, Infiamma'tio tes'- tium, Inflamma'tion of the Testicle, Sxoellcd Tes- ticle, Hernia Ven'eris, Orchioce'le, Orehidoce'le, Orchidon'cxis, (F.) Inflammation du testicule, Or- chite. Swelling and inflammation of the testicle is a common symptom of gonorrhoea—Chaudepisse tombee dans les Bourses; but it may arise from external injuries, or from other causes. It is a disease, which cannot be mistaken, and the treat- ment must obviously be strongly antiphlogistic, supporting the testicle during the treatment, and for some time afterwards: methodical compres- sion has also been found useful. The disease is not generally of a serious character, going off as suddenly as it comes on. As it affects the epidi- dymis more especially, when supervening on go- norrhoea or blennorrhosa, it is sometimes termed blenorrhag"ic ejxididymi'tis. Hernia Incarcerata, Entero-peristole — h. Inguinalis, Bubonocele—h. Intestinalis, Entero- cele—h. Intestinalis omentalis, Entero-epiplocele —h. Iridis, Ptosis Iridis — h. Ischiatica, Ischio- cele—h. Lienalis, Splenocele. Her'nia Litt'rica, H.e Divertic'ulo Intesti'ni. Hernia first described by Littre, in which the in- testinal canal proper is not included in the hernial sac, the protruded portion of intestine consisting of a digital prolongation of the ileum, which Littre concluded was formed by the gradual extension of a knuckle of the bowel, that had been engaged in the inguinal canal. Hernia of the Liver, Hepatocele—h. Omen- tal, Epiplocele — h. Parorchido-enterica, Paror- chido-enterocele — h. Perinasi, see Hernia — h. Pharyngis, Pharyngocele—h. Phrenic, Diaphrag- matic hernia—h. Pinguedinosa Scroti, Liparocele — h. of the Pleura, Pleurocele— h. Pleurica et pulmonalis, Pleurocele — h. Pudendal, Pudendal hernia—h. Sacci lachrymalis, Lachrymal hernia, Mucocele—h. Scrotalis, Scrotocele—h. Seminalis scroti, Spermatocele — h. of the Stomach, Gas- trocele—h. Suprapubian, H. inguinal—h. of the Tongue, Glossocele — h. Umbilicalis, Epiplom- phalon, Exomphalos — h. Umbilici Aquosa, Hy- dromphaluin—h. Urachi, Uromphalus—h. Uteri, Hysterocele — h. Varicose, Cirsocele — h. Vari- cosa, Varicocele — h. Venarum, Varix — h. Ve- neris, Hernia humoralis—h. Ventosa, Physocele — h. Ventral, see Ventral — h. Ventriculi, Gas- troeele—h. Vesicas Urinarias, Cystocele—b. Zir- balis, Epiplocele. HERNIAIRE, Hernial, Herniaria glabra. HER'NIAL, Hernia'x-ixis, (F.) Herniaire. Be- longing to, or concerning hernia: — as Hernial Bandage, Hernial Sac, &c. The (F.) Hemic, is applied to a part enveloped in a hernial sac. (F.) Hernieux, Cele'ta, Celo'tes, Rup'tured, Rurst, Pursten, means one affected with hernia; and Chxrxtrgien herniaire, one who devotes himself to the treatment of hernia. HERNIA'RIA GLABRA, H. vulga'ris seu hirsu'ta seu alpes'tris seu an'nua seu cine'rea seu frutieo'sa, 31illigra'na, Em'petrnm, Rupture-wort, from hcx-nia, 'rupture.' (F.) Herniaire, Tarquette, Herniole. This plant, which, as its name imports, was formerly considered efficacious in the cure of hernia, seems destitute of all virtues. HERNIARIUS, Hernial. HERNIE CHARNUE, Sarcocele—A. del Epi- ploon, Epiplocele—A. de VEstomac, Gastrocele— A. Inguinale, Bubonocele — h. du Nombril, Ex- omphalos—A. Ombilicale, Exomphalos—A. de la Vessie, Cystocele. HERNIE, Hernial. HERNIEMPHRAG'MUS, Herniemphrax'is, from hernia, and cptjrpaypog, ' obstruction.' The mechanical obstruction of a hernial canal for the radical cure of the hernia. HERNIEUX, Hernial. HERNIOLE, Herniaria glabra. HERNIOTOMY, Celotomia. HERO'IC, Hero'icus, Hero'ina, Hero'us, from 'npors, 'a hero.' An epithet applied to remediel or practice of a violent character. HERPEDON 440 HEUCHERA HERPEDON, Herpes. HERPEN, Herpes. HERPES, Erpes, Herpe'don, Herpen, Serpens, from 'tpiria, ' I creep;' because it creeps and Bpreads about the skin; Ecphly'sis Herpes, Cy- tis'ma Herpes, Tetter, Fret, (F.) Dartre, Olo- phlyctide. A vesicular disease, which, in most of its forms,, passes through a regular course of increase, maturation, decline, and termination in from 10 to 14 days. The vesicles arise in dis- tinct, but irregular clusters, which commonly ap- pear in quick succession, and near together, on an inflamed base ; generally attended with heat, pain, and considerable constitutional disorder. The term, like all others which refer to cutaneous diseases, has not been accurately defined. The aneients had three varieties: the miliary, xty- Xptatog; vesicular, and ero'ding, eoSioptvog. Bateman has the following varieties : 1. Herpes Phlyctjeno'des, Herpes milia'ris, Ec- phly'sis Herpea 3Iili a'ria, (F.) Dartre phlyctendide, in which the vesicles are millet-sized; pellucid ; clusters commencing on an uncertain part of the body, and being progressively strewed over the rest of the surface; succeeded by fresh crops. 2. Herpes Zoster, Zoster, Zona ig'nea, Z. serpi- gino'sa, Ignis Per'aicua, Cinzilla, Sacer ignia, Ec- phly'sis Herpes zoster, Herpes peris' cells, Erysip'- elas zoster, Eryaip'elaa phlyctmnoldea, E. puatu- lo'ao, Zona, Cir'cinus, Perizo'ma, (F.) Ceinture, C. dartreuse, Feu Persique, Erysipele pustuleux, Shingles, in which the vesicles are pearl-sized; the clusters spreading round the body like a gir- dle ; at times confluent, and occasionally pre- ceded by constitutional irritation. 3. Herpes Circina'tus, Formica ambulato'ria, An'nulus re- pens, Herpes Serpigo, Serpi'go, Ecphly'sis Her- pes Circina'tus, Ringworm, Vesie'ular Ringworm, consisting of vesicles with a. reddish base, uniting in rings; the area of the rings slightly discoloured, often followed by fresh crops. 4. Herpes La- bia'lis, and 5. Herpes Pr.eputia'lis, Aphtha prapu'tii, Ulcus'cula prapu'tii, appearing, re- spectively, on the lips and prepuce. 6. Herpes Iris, Iris, Rainbow-xoorm, occurring in small cir- cular patches, each of which is composed of con- centric rings of different colours. To these may added, Herpes Ex'edens, Ecphly'sis Herpes ex'- edens, Herpes esthiom'enus, H. depas'cens, H. ferns, H. estiom'enas, H. ferox, Darta excoriati'va seu malig'na, Lupus vorax, Fox'mi'ca corrosi'va, For- mix, Pap'ula fera, Ulcerative Ringworm, Nir'les, A'gria, (F.) Dartre rongeante, in which the vesi- cles are hard; clusters thronged; fluid dense, yellow or reddish, hot, acrid, corroding the sub- jacent skin, and spreading in serpentine trails. All the varieties demand simply an antiphlo- gistic treatment, when attended with febrile irri- tation. The herpes circinatus, alone, requires the use of astringent applications which have the power of repressing the eruption. Herpes Depascens, H. exedens — h. Esthio- tnenus, H. exedens—h. Estiomenus, H. exedens -—h. Farinosus, Pityriasis—h. Ferox, H. exedens —h. Ferus, H. exedens—h. Furfuraceus, Pityri- asis— h. Furfuraceus circinatus, Lepra, H. exe- dens— h. Miliaris, H. phlycteenoides — h. Peris- celis, H. zoster — h. Serpigo, H. circinatus — h. Tonsurans, Porrigo decalvans. HERPET'IC, Herpet'icus, (F.) Dartreux. Pos- sessing the nature of herpes. HERPETOG'RAPHY, Herpetograph'ia, from 'tpirns, ' herpes,' and ypat/rn, ' a description.' A description of the different forms of herpes. HERPE'TON, Herpet'icon, from 'tpmtv, 'to creep.' A creeping eruption or ulcer. — Hippo- crates. HERPYLOS, Thymus serpyllum. HERRENSCHWAND'S SPECIFIC, see Spe- cific of Herrenschwand. HESPERIS ALLIARIA, Alliaria. HETERADELPH'IA,from 'trtpog, 'other,' and aStXipog, ' a brother.' A double monstrosity, in which the components of the double bodies are very unequal, and of which one portion may be regarded as the stem or trunk, to which another organized part, or even a whole body, less deve- loped than itself, is affixed like a parasite. HETEROCHRON'ICUS, Heteroch'roxnis, from 'trtpog, ' other,' and xPov°s> ' time.' Relating to difference of time. Pulsus heterochron'icus. A pulse of varying rhythm. An irregular or intermittent pulse. HETEROCHYMEU'SIS, from 'trtpog, 'other,' and xvh£V("S> 'mixture.' A state of the blood in which it contains other matters than in health, as urea, bile, 'shape.' A de* viation from the natural shape of parts. HETEROMORPHOUS, see Homology. HETEROPATHIC, Allopathic. HETEROPHO'NIA, from 'trtpog, 'other,'and tptavn, 'voice.' A cracked or broken voice. A change of the voice or speech—Heterola'lia. HETEROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'trtpog, 'other,' and o