International Exhibition of 1876. HOSPITAL OF THE Medical Department, United States Army. No. 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE Models of Hospital Steam-Vessels Exhibited in Room o. 2. J. J. WOODWARD, AssuUu*t*$urgeon, U. S. A., IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. U. S. A. Philadelphia, 1876. International Exhibition of 1876. HOSPITAL OF THE Medical Department, United States Army. 1 No. 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE Models of Hospital Steam-Vessels Exhibited in Room No. 2. J. J. WOODWARD, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, U. S. A. Philadelphia, 1876. CtIBSON BROTHERS, Printed. Washington, D. C, International Exhibition of 1870. HOSPTT A T, OF Medical Department, United States Army. Description of the Models of Hospital Steam-Vessels. These models are intended to illustrate the plans actually employed during- the war of 18(51-5 for adapting- the ordinary steamboats of the interior rivers of the United States, and the merchant steam-vessels of the Atlantic coast, to the transportation of sick and wounded soldiers. It was, of course, on the Mississippi river and its tributaries, in the rear of the great western armies, that the methods of fitting up river- boats were brought to the greatest perfection. The military operations in the Mississippi valley, during the greater part of the yon', were so related to these streams that they offered the most convenient and eco- nomical routes of transportation, and the numerous large river-steam- boats, which in times of peace are occupied in transporting merchandise and passengers on these waters, required comparatively little alteration to convert them into commodious hospital-boats, well adapted to the transportation of the sick and wounded. From the capacious dimensions of these boats, and their smooth motion through the waters of the broad streams on which they floated, his method of transportation undoubtedly secured greater comfort to the patients than was possible in the case of the railroads, or of coast- wise transportation. Indeed, on emergencies, as after battles, these boats often served, without any special fitting up, to convey the wounded in comparative comfort to the base hospitals. But early in the war several of the most spacious and commodious of the Mississippi river passenger steamboats were specially devoted to the service of the sick 4 and wounded, and were specially fitted up as hospital boats, or indeed it may be said as floating hospitals ; placed under the command of a surgeon in charge, and making frequent trips between the army in the field and the base hospitals, most of which were accessible by the river or its branches. The model of the hospital steamboat />. A. .January is intended to illustrate this class of vessels. * Model of the IT. S. A rmy Hospital Steamboat 1). A. January.—This model was constructed under the immediate supervision of Assistant- Surgeon A. H. Hoff, U. S. Army, who was for a long time surgeon in- charge. It is five feet long, being on the scale of one-fourth of an inch to the foot, and represents the whole vessel, with beds, &c., in position, all details being carefully worked out. The following statement with regard to this vessel was furnished by Dr. Hoff: “The hospital steamer, I). A. January, was built in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1856. She was a side-wheel steamboat of 450 tons burthen, 235 feet in length, 35 fe$t beam, and extreme width G5 feet. She had two high pressure engines, 22-incli cylinders, and seven feet stroke; also a donkey-engine connecting with a steam-pump as a protection against fire. “ She was purchased by the Government in the spring of 18G2 ; un- derwent some alterations, and made her first trip in April, 1862, arriving at Pittsburg Landing in the midst of the battle of Shiloh, loaded with a large supply of hospital stores for the purveyor at that point. “In the fall of 1862 she was completely fitted up, as shown in the model, with all the requirements of a general hospital, with a capacity of 400 beds. (See Fig. 1.) “ The medical officers consisted of one surgeon and three assistant- surgeons, with the necessary attendants, nurses, cooks, &c. “ The Commanding-General, by order, arranged the running of all hospital steamers so that they could not be interfered with by the subordinate commanders, and once under way with their load of sick and wounded were not disturbed until their destination was reached. Our flag was considered a flag of truce, fully protected us, and gave us an opportunity of keeping the hospitals always in order. No persons were allowed passage on the steamers except those connected directly with the medical department of the army. “ To overcome the difficulty as to supplies, and the prompt payment of men employed on the boat, the ‘ surgeon-in-charge ’ was made an ‘ act- ing assistant quartermaster ’ and ‘ commissary of subsistence,’ and this arrangement worked most satisfactorily, and enabled the boat to be always in readiness to leave at a moment’s notice. BOILER DECK. MIDDLE DECK. GABIN FLOOR. UPPER DECK or TEXAS, Kig. i.—Duck Plans of the Hospital Steamboat I). A. January. Scale, 54feet to the inch. Boiler Deck—A, Foot of the stairs. I! B B Space for wood and coal. C. Boilers. D D, Stores. E, Pastry-room. F. Kitchen, G, Carpenter’s shop. H. Blacksmith shop I I, Engines. J, Doctor. K K, Wheels. M M, Water-closets. N N, Deck. (.), Space for beds. P P P, Ice-water stands. Middle Deck.—A A, Lower deck. B B B. Hatchways C. Boilers. F F. Beds for patients ; stairs to lower deck near the letters. G G, Stairs to upper deck. H H, Water-closets. I I I I, Ice-water stands. J J. Nurses’ quarters. L L, Stairs to lower deck. •Caliin Floor—A A. Lower deek. B, Office ; main stairs by the letter. C C, Private rooms. E E, Texas stairs. F F, Steamboat smoke-stacks. G G G G. Stoves I, Nurses’ dining-room J, Kitchen. K K, Bath-rooms, with hot and cold water. I, L, Steamboat wheels. M M. Water-closets. N, Private room. O, Drug-store. P, Surgery. (J, Linen-room. R, Looking-glass. S S S S, Ice-water stands. The paral- lelograms indicate the position of the beds. v- l'/>/>er Deck, or Texas.—A A, Lower Deck. B B, Roof. C C, Cabin roof above the skylights. IJ D, Smoke-stacks. E, Water-closet. F, Wash-room. G G, Wheels. H 11 H, Water-tanks. 1, Captain’s room. J, Social hall. K, Texas dining-room. I. I, L, Rooms for steamboat officers. M, Private room. 6 “A large quantity of ice was carried in tlie hold of the vessel; this Avas taken advantage of by an arrangement of pipes to convey ‘ ice Avater ’ to the different parts of the hospital. A tank Avas placed on the upper deck forward, connected Avitli the steam-pump, and kept con- stantly filled Avitli Avater; pipes from this ran down into the hold of the vessel to a coil embedded in the ice, whence the cold Avater made its Avay through pipes to the several parts of the boat Avhere it was re- quired. This worked admirably, giving all hands plenty of ice water, and Avitli great economy in the use of the ice. A fan ran through the Avliole length of the main ward, Avorked by the machinery beloAV; it made about ninety revolutions a minute, and as the transom-windows opened just above it at the sides, it created a pleasant current of air, and had besides another effect that was not taken in consideration at the time the fan Avas ordered, viz., that it drove out all flies and mosquitos. The fan is seen in the model, but the water-pipes could not be slioAvn.” Assistant-Surgeon A. H. Hoff, U. S. Army, then surgeon U. S. volun- teers, Avas assigned to the command of this boat by order of Major- General Halleck, April 6, 1862, and continued to render efficient service as the surgeon-in-charge until February, 1864, Avhen he Avas succeeded by Surgeon LeAvis C. Rice, U. S. volunteers, who continued in charge until the boat made her last trip and Avas turned over to the quarter- master at St. Louis, Missouri, September 25, 1865. During this period the boat made numerous trips from the rear of the Avestern armies to St. Louis, Cincinnati, Mound City, Keokuk, and other points. Moreover, during the months of March, April, May, and June, 1863, she lay near Milliken’s Bend, Louisiana, and served as a floating hospital for the armies under General Grant. Altogether 23,738 patients Avere carried by her, of Avhom 530 died en route, as is slioAvn by the folloAving list of trips: List of Trips of the Hospital Steamer D. A. January. Place and Date of Embarkation. Place and Date of Landing. Number 1 carried. Died on the way. 1862. 1862. Pittsburg Landing, Tenn April it... April 18 .. St. Louis, Mo April 14.. 431 *7 4 Pittsburg Landing, Tenn May 2 ... Ohio May 6.... r 3°° 39 Pittsburg Landing, Tenn May 10... Jefferson Barracks, Mo Total May 14... 284 I299 7 67 Place and Date of Embarkation. Place and Date of Landing. Number Carried. Died on the way. Brought forward 1299 67 1862. 186.2. Pittsburg Landing, Tenn June 9 ... Jefferson Barracks, Mo June 12... 375 I f Paducah, Ky June 20... 1 Pittsburg Landing, Tenn June 19... •J Jefferson Barracks, Mo June 22... [ 459 3 ( Keokuk, Iowa June 23... i July 7 ) Paducah, Ky... July 6 ... > 287 2 j Helena, Ark July 17... Jefferson Barracks, Mo July 21... 3*7 IO July 25... July 27... 298 llg ft Aug. 23... Aug. 23... 3° 386 Helena, Ark Oct. 7 ... Stmr. T. L. McGill, Coluin- Oct. 10... 273 6 bus, Ky. 88 jenerson narracKs, i>io 13 1863. 1863. (' Memphis, Tenn Jan. 18... Arkansas Post. Ark Jan. 14... > 432 54 ( St. Louis, Mo Jan. 28... i f March.... 1 f 1174 46 Served as receiving hospital at | I 1460 79 Milliken’s Bend, La , during \ 1- -f May 736 19 the months of. | y Sept. 5... Sept. 8.... 377 Sept. 15... Sept. 18... 244 Sept. 29.. 78 (Cairo, 111 Nov. 25... J Memphis, Tenn Nov. 23.. y 34? 3 Louis, Mo Nov.27,^8 l Total 13401 4” Place anu Date of Embarkation. Place and Date of Landing. Number , Carried. Died on the way. Brought forwarc 13401 411 New Albanv, Ind ) 1864. 1864. • Feb. 11... Jefferson Barracks, Mo Feb. 15... 97 Louisville, Ky i Mar. 18,19 463 Louisville, Ky 1 New Albany, Ind i April 7... Madison, Ind April 8... 382 Jeffersonville, Ind J M-.y 398 I Mny R Mound City, 111 May 14 .. 289 May 26... y 498 6 Sept. 9... 332 Helena, Ark Sept. 19.. ) VJefferson Barracks, Mo Sept. 24... 229 4 Memphis, 1 enn ... Sept. 20.. ) f Mound City, 111 Oct. 19, 20 j Duvall’s Bluff, Ark Oct. 12... r 4° 7 21 1 Jefferson Barracks Mo Oct. 22... J Nov. 3... 127 aK Dec. 5.... 416 f Covington, Ky 4 Louisville, Ky ) y Dec. 19... OT r ir Jeffersonville, Ind J l Camp Dennison, Ohio j Louisville, Ky ) Cincinnati, Ohio J y Dec. 26... Dec. 27... 496 Jeffersonville, Ind ) Covington, Ky ) 1865. 1865. Louisville, Ky ) Cairo, 111., (for transfer to St. (an. 8 ) y Jan. 5 Louis.) y 426 1 i JlH 9 l j Feb. 5.... Feb.'4.. y 37.5 30 Waterloo. Ala j Memphis, Tenn Feb. 8 f Total 20301 483 i 9 Place and Date of Embarkation. Place and Date of Landing. Number jj Carried. H Died on the way. Brought forward 20301 483 1865. 1865. Eastport, Miss leb. 12.. Feb 14... Feb. 19... 3l8 5 Johnsonville, Tenn Feb. 14... Jeffersonville, Ind ) Nashville, Tenn Feb. 16... 8 April 13.. (Stinr. Eleanor Carroll at April 24. Apr. 17,18 ■ 169 (Vicksburg, Miss April 25. Selma, Ala May 6.... May 8.... . > 389 12 May 9.... May 25... \ New Orleans, La May 18.. Vicksburg, Miss June 5.... May 31, June 2. 560 Vicksburg, Miss June 5.... Stmr. W. Butler at Cairo, June 10... III.,(for transfer to Nahsville New Orleans, La June 20... June 28... 1 Cairo, 111 y 229 7 Baton Rouge, La June 21.. June 20.. 1 Jefferson Barracks, Mo Vicksburg, Miss June 23... New Orleans, La July 17... Cairo, 111 July 24... ) Baton Rouge, La July 18... y 328 3 Jefferson Barracks, Mo Tulv 26... ) Cairo, 111 July 24... New Orleans, La Aug. 3, 9 Cairo, 111 Aug. 16... 1 Baton Rouge, La Aug. 10.. r 439 II Jefferson Barracks, Mo Aug. 18... ) Vicksburg, Miss Aug. 12... New Orleans, La Aug. 26... Cairo, 111 Sept. 3... Baton Rouge, La Aug. 27.. ' s 259 I Jefferson Barracks, Mo Sept. 4... Vicksburg, Miss Aug. 28... Total 23-738 530 Model of the TJ. S. Arm)/ Hospital Steamship J. I\. Barnes.—On the Atlantic coast a certain number of river steamboats were employed in the transportation of the sick and wounded, especially from the Army of the Potomac to Alexandria, Washington, D. C., and Baltimore. But it was also necessary to employ ocean transportation on a very consid- erable scale, and both in the conveyance of patients from the Army of the Potomac and from the various coast expeditions, the merchant steamships ordinarily used in the coastwise trade served for this pur- pose. Here, too, in times of emergency, the vessels chartered by the quartermaster’s department for the transportation of stores often served to transport the sick and wounded, but a number of vessels were also devoted exclusively to this service and were fitted up as hospital steam- ships. The model of the U. S. Army hospital steamship J. K.. Barnes is intended to illustrate the mode of fitting up vessels of this class which was found most convenient. This model was constructed by Mr. Charles Hernje, of New York, under the supervision of Assistant-Surgeon A. H. Hoff, U. S. Army, who also directed the original fitting up of the vessel. The model is seven feet long, being on a scale of three-eighths of an inch to the foot, and represents one lateral half of the vessel, the section being made longi- tudinally through the median line, thus permitting the display of the interior arrangement of bunks, &c. The U. S. Army hospital steamship J. K. Barnes was fitted up in New York city during the latter part of 1864, and on her completion Assistant-Surgeon Thomas McMillin, TJ. S. A., was assigned as surgeon- in-cliarge, December 5, 1864. December 23d, the Barnes was ordered to report to the Medical Director of the Department of the South, at Hilton Head, S. C., where she took her first load of sick on board January 1, 1865. The Barnes was 223 feet in length, beam 35 feet 2 inches, depth of hold 22 feet 9 inches. She was of 1,253 tons burthen. Diameter of cylinder 60 inches, stroke of piston 10 feet. In fitting her up, an orlop deck was introduced, and a mess-room was built on the forward deck, in front of the galley. The arrangement of bunks, &c., is shown in Figure 2. Assistant-Surgeon Thomas McMillin, TJ. S. A., continued to act as surgeon-in-cliarge of this vessel until November, 1865. During this time 3,655 patients were carried, of whom 29 died en route. The fol- lowing is a list of the trips : SPA& DECK, CUN DECK, ORLOP DECK. Fig. 2.—Deck-plan of the U. S. Army Hospital Steamship J. K. Barnes. Scale, 38feet to the inch. Spar Deck.—a, f'orecastle. b, 'fable, cc. Hatches, d d d, Mess-tables and mess-room, c e, Pantries. g, Officers’ mess, h, Galley. i, Ice house, k k k k k, Quarters of medical officers. 11, Linen-room. /;/, Saloon, n n, Wine-room and office o, Table, q q, Heaters, r, Bath-room and water-closet, .r s, Water- closets. t t, Guard-room. Ward A, 1, 2, 3 72 bunks. Gun Deck.—a, Commissary store-room, b, Engine, c c. Hatches, d d dd d, Ventilators, e e, Wash- tables. yy, Water-closets, gg, Closets. h h h h, Steam heaters. Ward 1>, (forward,) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 138 bunks. Ward C, (midships,) 1, 2, 3, 4, 42 bunks. Ward D, (aft,) 1, 2, 3, 63 bunks. Orlop Deck.—a, Quarters for nurses, b, Knapsack-room, c, Baggage-room, d, Ventilator. Ward K, 1, 2, 3, 48 bunks. 12 List of Trips of the Hospital Steamer J. K. Barnes. OJ'O 0 Place and Date of Embarkation. Place and Date of Landing. E'E rt .H 0 AU at 1865. 1865. Hilton Head and Beaufort, S. C.. Jan. 1 Dav;d’s Island, De Camp G. Jan. 5, 6 368 2 H., N. V. Jan. 31... 2 N. Y. Feb. 25... “ 26... St’m’r Northern Light, Port Royal. “ 27... 68 Mar. 14. 1 I'ort Schuyler, McDougall Mar. 19... 32° 1 “ (Stmts.Spaulding Atlantic.) “ is. ) G. H., N. Y. Wilmington and Morehead City, April 5... David’s Island, De Camp G. April 11.. 489 6 N. C. H., N. Y. f David’s Island, De Camp ) G. H., N. Y., Willett’s | Beaufort, Newberne, and More- head City, N. C. Apr.24,25 Point, Grant G. H., N. j- Y.. Fort Schuyler, Mc- Dougall G. H., N Y ... J April 28.. 449 2 Hilton Head and Beaufort, S C. Savannah, Ga., Hilton Head,S.C. May 7.... May 19... May 11... May 23... 385 375 Alexandria, Va I June 9 ... Tulv 8 June 17... July 16... 217 25 Key West Fla Aug 5.... Barrancas and Fort Pickens, Fla.. “ IO.... “ l6.... David’s Island, De Camp) G. H., N. Y / Aug. 23... 345 5 “ 17.... Morehead City and Newbern, N. t% 21,.... c. 1 Sept. 19. “ 26.. David’s Island, De Camp ) G. H., N. Y / 338 6 Oct. 23... David’s Island, De Camp ) G. H„ N Y J (f < Nov. 4.... 198 4 ft Nov. 2... . T otal 3655 29 Floor Plans of Hospital, Medical Department, U. S. Army. International Exhibition of 18 PLANS POST HOSPITAL lor 24 Peds. Hospital, Medical Department, IT. 8. Army. International Exhibition of 187<>.