1/ lfohm: a..j SANITARY COMMISSION. CAMP INSPECTION RETURN. Abbreviations.—Y, " Fes;" N, "ATo;" n. e., "not exact;" Q? "So reported, but Inspector doubts if correctly." Where one subdivision of a question is answered, the others may be disregarded. Itei arcnccs.—Reference is made to the revised edition of the Army Regulations—that published pursuant to the order of the Secretary of War, dated August 10,1861. Special Note.—March 1,18C2. Inspectors will be careful to remember that the answers of this Return are expected to present evidence of Investigation. Except in a few necessary cases, the answers are not intended to be those of the persons whom the Inspector examines, but to express his own conviction after due inquiry and reflection. I. DESCRIPTION AND GENERAL CHARACTER OF BODY INSPECTED. Name and locality of camp, (carefully giving direction and distance from some well-known locality)?............. State? 8. Military department ? ............... 4. Date of conclusion of inspection ? 5. Name of inspector?................... ti Designation (or designations if more than one) of the body inspected?..... whose brigade ?.. whose division?. 7. Name and exact military title of its commanding officer?....................... 71. Was he educated at West Point?...........!..........................................................7' 7". Had he previous military experience Where recruited ? (Specifying counties, if practicable)............................... 9. Predominating nativity?................... American?............................. Irish?................................... German?.............................. Foreign, not Irish or German?.. 10. When recruiting began ?........... ......... 11. When mustered into United States ser- vice?........................................... 12. At what places stationed since, and how long at each ?................................ .10 .11 .12 12'. How long at the present camp site?.............................................................. 12' 13. How strong when mustered in ?. .13 have died?................. have resigned?........... have been transferred?. 13'. How many have since been discharged?..........................................................13i have deserted?...................... 3 13". How many have since been added to the regiment?..................................... how many have been promoted?. how many have been reduced to the ranks ?........................... 14. Present strength ? . .13" .14 II. CHARACTER OF CAMP SITE. 15. Who selected present camp site 15*. Was the Surgeon consulted in the selec- tion?........................................... was his advice regarded ?. 16. Had the site been occupied shortly be- fore for the same purpose ?.............. If so, date and condition* when last evacuated?.................... 16*. How often previously occupied, and by what regiments ?............................ 17. Was the selection influenced by military considerations which might overrule sanitary?..................................... 18. Situation of camp— upon a hill-top?............... upon a hill-side?.............. upon a hill-foot?.............. in a glen?....................... on a plain?..................... Blightly elevated?............ 19. Is the site unshaded?................. " in the shade of woods?. .15 .15' .16 .16* .17 .18 .19 * As good, bad, or indifferent. 4 20. Is it sheltered by higher land?*............ " wood?*..................... 21. From what quarter is the prevailing w iud ? 21'. What the authority for this reply ?........ 21". Is a meteorological registerf systemati- cally kept by the surgeon, or under his immediate supervision, and copies thereof transmitted monthly to the medical director?........................... 21'". On how many days, according to the register for the calendar month last completed, was the direction of the wind— 21' North?................... Northeast?.............. East?.................... Southeast?............. South?................... Southwest?............. West?.................... Northwest?............. How many days were fair? were cloudy?.......... of rain?................. of snow?................ 22. As to malaria, what is the reputation of the site?...................................... unknown?.......... good?............... not wholly good ? bad?................. very bad?.......... .20 ..21 .21' .21" ,21'" 21" .22 * If so, Bhow on what side by letters, as S. W. 1 Rev. Reg. pp. 281, 2S5, 320-323; pp. 1254,12C4. 5 23. Local conditions presumptive of malaria: near a swamp ?.............................. near a pond?......... near a river?........ near a river delta?. 24. Soil of camp site— sandy?................ loose gravel?........ loose loam?.......... firm loam?........... agglomerated pebbles, gravel, or sand,(hardpan)?.................. impervious clay ? 25. Sub-soil— sandy?.............., loose gravel?...... loose loam?......... firm loam?.......... agglomorated pebbles, gravel, or sand,(hardpan)?.................. impervious clay ?. 26. Is the site favorable for surface drain- age (as to inclination) ?.................., .23 .24 .26 III. ARRANGEMENT AND CONDITION OF CAMP. 27. Is the camp arranged mainly in accord- ance with the "army regulations?".. .27 more crowded?, more open?..... 27'. If not, are satisfactory reasons given for departing from them?..................... 28. How far apart are the tents in the rows ?* .27' ,.28 * Distances should be stated in paces, (not feet;) a military pace U 28 inches, or 2}^ feet. 6 29. How is the artificial drainage?.... systematic and complete?. partial, and with no general sys- tem?.................................. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. '6V. 35. entirely neglected?.................... Are the drains mainly straight?............ are the drains very sinuous?....... About how deep are the drains generally ''. About how wide at the top are the drains generally?.................................... Are the drains kept clean?................... " foul or clogged ?............ Is there a good outlet for all the drains?. What officer is charged with the super- intendance of the drainage?............ 36. Condition of the camp streets— very clean ?........................... moderately clean?..................... dirty or neglected?.................... Edges of tents and spaces between tents— very clean?............................. moderately clean ?..................... neglected and littered?.............. 36*. How often in the week is the camp po- | liced?............................................. IV. CHARACTER, VENTILATION, AND MANAGEMENT OF TENTS. .29 .30 .31 .32 .33 ..34 .34' .35 .36 .36' 37. In what sort of tents are the privates mostly ?....................................... Sibley or conical, with ventilator at top?............................... regulation wall-tents?. regulation "servants," "com- mon," or "wedge shape?"..... .37 7 37*. If not of the above regulation patterns, state form and size ?........................ 37". What apparatus is used for heating the tents?.......................................... stoves?....... earth flues ?. peculiar?.... 37'". What provisions or arrangements for ventilation?................................... 38. Average number of men to each tent?. 39. Is the ventilation of the tents looked after by any officer at n'ght?*.........., 39'. By what officer?. 40. Are the tents struck on certain days for the purpose of a thorough cleansing and airing?................................... if so, how often?. 40*. Are other means used for airing the tents?f........................................ 40". What is the present condition of the company quarters ?......................... neat and well ordered?. tolerably well kept?— dirty and neglected?.... V. BEDDING AND CLOTHING. .37' 37" .37'" ...33 .39 .39' .40 ,.40' .40" 41. On what do the men sleep?................... rubber blankets?...................... wooden tent floor?.................... straw, hay, or leaves?............... blankets laid on the bare ground ? 42. Do the men generally make any change of clothing at night?....................... or after exposure to wet ?. .41 * Describe in '• General Remarks" the method of ventilation insisted on at night. + If the men are quartered in huts or barracks, state in report elsewhere how these are constructed, heated and ventilated, and whether medical officers were consulted in regard to these questions. 4_'. Is th?re a systematic inspection as to such changes?............................... .42* 42:». What officer is charged with the enforce- ment of orders in this respect?..................................................................42" 43. Are the men supplied with two shirts each ?........................................... .43 44. Have they blankets?....................................................................................44 i 1 each?..................................!............................................................ 2 each?...................... 45. Of what quality are they?...... regular U. S. A.?......... not regular, but good?.. not regular, poor?........ 46. Have they overcoats?............. how many are without ? .45 47. Is the overcoat of fair quality and in good condition ?............................. .46 48. Is the body coat or jacket of fair quality and in good condition?.................... 49. Are the trowsers of fa'r quality and in good condition ?............................. 49'. Is the regiment clothed in the regulation uniform ?...................................... .47 .48 .49 ,.49' .49" 49". Is it equally neat and serviceable ? .... 49"'. Do they take pride in it?.........................................................................491" 49'-. What thecolor of the coat?.......................................................................491 trowsers ?. 49-. What sort of boots or shoes are gene- rally worn?................................... .49' 4'J". In what condition are they?.......................................................................49vi how many are without ?......................................................................... 49-". Are they well provided with socks?............................................................49,^ 49vm. What proportion are without?............j.........................................................viii 49ix. Have they a fatigue jacket?......................................................................491* trowsers ?. 9 50. Are they required to regularly wash their underclothing?.............................. if so, how often ?. 50*. Are there any laundresses* with the companies ?................................... 50". How many to each company?........... 50'". Are they furnished with certificates?. .50 50'-. Has the price of washing soldiers' cloth- ing been fixed by the Council of Ad- ministration ?................................. 51. Are the men required to remove dust from and otherwise cleanse their other clothing?..................................... 52. Is a careful and systematic inspection with references to these matters un- dertaken ? .................................... by whom ?.. how often ?. ..50* ..50" .50'** .50*- .51 53. Do you think it efficient (judging by the appearance of the men ?)................, .53 VI. PERSONAL CLEANLINESS. 54. Do the men bathe frequently? 55. Are they required to bathe under the eye of an officer?................................ if so, how often each man?........ 50. (Omitted.) 56'. Do the officers systematically enforce Reg- ulation 100, requiring the feet of the men to be washed at least twice a week ?j 56". Do they enforce the same regulation with regard to the hair and beard?.... 50m. Do they, as a regular part of their duty, enforce Regulation 101, in respect to the washing of theface and hands daily' 56'-. Are the faces and necks of the men generally cban?............................ 56-. Is Regulation 101 carried out, in respect to the combing of the head?............. Revised Reg., pp. 24,112, rr 128, 783. 10 57. Is evidence of neglect of cleanliness of person looked for at inspection?........ 58. Are the men infested with vermin?....... 59. If so, has any application been made to remove them ?............................... VII. CLEANLINESS OF CAMP. 60. Do yru observe scraps of food, bones, or rubbish collected in the edges of tents ?, in the drains?............... in the camp streets ?....... between the tents?......... near the cooking places?. 61. Are refuse slops and food disposed of systematically, so as not to be offen- sive ?.......................................... 02. Do you observe odors of decay in the camp 63. Do the men void their urine within the camp at night?................ both day and night?. 64. How far is the men's privy from the tents of the body of the camp, (in paces,) and in what direction there- from ?.......................................... 65. Is there a sufficient pit or trench for the purpose .57 .58 .00 .61 .62 .63 .64 .65 .66 66. Is it provided with a sitting rail ?....... 07. Is it provided with a screen?.........................................................................67 68. Is earth regularly thrown in it daily ?... 69. Are disinfectants used in it, and what ?. JO. Are the men forbidden to ease themselves elsewhere?..................................... .08 .69 71. Do you find this prohibition to have been enforced?...................................... 71*. Are the privies of the men frequently inspected by the commanding officer ?*, .71' * Rev. Reg., p. 46, r 3C5. 11 What officer is charged with the enforce- ment of all rules regarding privies ?.. 71" 72. Is there a separate sink for officers ? how far from nearest sleeping tents?................................ 73. 73'. 74. At what distance from the tents are the cattle or horses picketed ?................ If too near, for what reason ?. What number?...................... .73 .73' .74 Is their dung daily removed, or so placed or covered as to be unobnoxious?....... What is the average number of horses, mules, and cattlo accompanying the regiment ?.................................... Of these what number died during the calendar month last completed ?........ At what distance from the camp were they buried, and at what depth?....... VIII. WATER, SOURCE AND QUALITY. 70. From what source is water procured?..... surface springs?....................... wells?..................................... stream?.................................... pond ?..................................... ditch, slough, or puddle?............ swamps?.................................. 77. Is the water clear?.............................. 78. Does it seem to be of unwholesome quality? 79. Has it a reputation of being of unwhole- some quality?................................. .78 ,79 IX. RATIONS AND COOKING. 8(>. Do the captains make requisitions for the rations of their companies ? *............ .80 See form 13, page 207, Revised Army Regulations. 12 Do they instruct their sergeants as to the amount due to their companies from the regimental commissary?.............. )". Do they cause strict accounts with the regimental commissaries to be kept,— so that, by comparing what is received from the commissary with what is due to their companies from the Govern ment, they can ascertain the surplus which remains due to them from the Government?................................ 80"'. Do they frequently direct what articles, and what quantities of each, shall be issued to their men?....................... 81. Do the captains generally look after the supplies of their companies, to see that they are not used too rapidly, and that they are properly served and cooked ?* 82. Is any officer required to examine and taste the food of the men before it is served at any moil, or is this done generally by the captains or other offi- cers, either by order or voluntarily?.. Do any of the officers mess with their men' Are the calls for meals beaten at regu- lar hours?.................................... Are these hours the same for all the companies?................................... 83. 84. 85. 86. Are the rations found sufficient in quantity ?..................................... Are they generally considered good in quality, each of its kind? If not, mention what is alleged to be poor?.. Are you satisfied of the justness of this allegation?................................... About how often is fresh meat served?. fresh vegetables?.................... desiccated vegetables?....... desiccated meats or soups ? , dried fruits?..................... S7. Is the cooking in most instances done with tportable stoves?.............................. with earth flues?. .80" .80" .81 ..82 .82' .82" .82"' .83 .84 .86 .87 * See Revised Army Regulations, fi 116, page 23. 13 in trenches?.................. on the unbroken ground?. 88. 89. Is " the greatest care observed in wash- ing and scouring cooking utensils ?':*. Is most of the food of the regiment pre- pared by cooks who perform that duty regularly? (a)............................... or by men taking short terms at it, and who generally have no skill? (6)............................. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 94'. 95. How is it probable that the food is gene- rally cooked—well?........................ badly ?f. Is the last question answered with the more confidence from personal obser- vation ?........................................ Is tea sometimes drawn in the ration instead of coffee?.......................... .89 .90 .91 (Omitted.) Is soft bread served ?. .94 Is it served hot?........................................................................................94' or moderately stale?.............................................................................. Is it baked in the regiment, or at a gen- eral bakery?............................................................................................95 96. Is it generally of good quality?............ 90'. Have any companies been able to save from their rations?......................... in kind ?............................... or, in money, by commutation ?. ,.96 .9''.' 96". From what articles mainly have the savings occurred?........................... .96" X. REGIMENTAL AND COMPANV FUNDS. 90'". What was the amount of the Regimen- tal Fund according to the last four- monthly report of the treasurer of the regiment?J........................................ .96"' 96'-. How much was contributed to this fund from the tax on the sutler?......................................................................90'- * Revised Army Regulations, •" lis.-page 23. f £ee Revised Arinv Regulations, V 117, page -J. t Rev. Reg., p. 35, V" 2"1, 204. 14 how much from the saving on the flour ration?............................ how much from fines ?. how much (if anything) from other sources?..................... 96-. How much over and above expendi- tures remained for distribution to the Company Funds ?*.......................... 90-*. Is there a Regimental Council of Ad- ministration?.................................. 96-". Is it convened at least once in every two months, as required by the Army Regulations ? f............................... when was it last convened !. 97. Has the Company Fund arrangement been fcuccessfully established in any case?t.......................................... with several companies ? with all?..................... 97'. What the aggregate amount of the seve- ral company funds, according to the last four-monthly accounts submitted by the company officers to the com- manding officer of the regiment ?$..... (.>7". How much of this aggregate was re- ceived from the distribution of the regimental fund?............................ how much consisted of savings from the company rations?..... how much (if any) from other sources ?.............................. 97"'. Are Company Councils convened at least once in every two months, as re- quired by the Army Regulations?..... in several companies?. in all?..................... 97'-. When were the regimental books and papers last examined by a Govern- mental Inspector ?||........................... .96- .97iv * Rov. Reg., p. 36, «^T 202, 204. t Rev. Reg., pp. 34, 36, 6, p. 289. t Revised Army Regulations, % 129S, p. 290. .134 .135 .136 .137 .138 .139 .139' ..140 ..141 .142 .142' 20 143. How long since requisition has been made for any of the above articles which ai*e wanting ?........................ 143a. By whom, and upon whom?........ 143'. Is an ambulance corps organized ?. 143". Has the ambulance corps been drilled in its duty ?................................... 144. Is the large (regulation) hospital tent appropriated to its proper purpose?*. 145. Is the regimental hospital in a house, temporary structure, or tent ?........... 146. If in a house or temporary structure, is it fairly adapted to its purpose ?........ 147. Is it fairly well ventilated ?. 147'. How is it heated ?............ 147". What is the largest number of patients ever accommodated at one time in the hospital ?...................................... 147"'. What is the aggregate space of all the wards in cubic feet?...................... 148. If in a tent, is it well drained?........... 148'. Is its floor covered with boards ?........ 148". How is it heated?............................ by stoves?.............................. by earth-flues?......................... peculiarly?............................. 149. Is it well ventilated ?......................... 149'. Are the hospital floors sanded?.......... 149'*. Are spittoons provided in the hospital?. 149'". Is smoking allowed in the hospital ?.... 150. Is there a separate sink for hospital patients?...................................... 151. Is it well arranged?....................... 152. Is it carefully and adequately deodorized ? 152'. What disinfecting agents are used?f. .146 .147 .147' .147" .147'" ...148 ..148' .148" ..149 ..149' ,.149" .149'" .150 .151 .152 * In some instance* it has been found misused for the colonel's headquarters or a mess-room. t If fumigations have been used, carefully investigate the results, and make a special reporc of them 21 153. Are there a few sheets and suitable | hospital dresses ?............................. ........................................................1-33 154. Are there any special hospital stores, j (delicacies and cordials?)..................j........................................................154 154*. Whence were the above-mentioned arti- cles received or obtained ?. from the hospital fund ? from other (and what) sources?. 154". Is there a hospital fund? 154'". What was its amount on the 1st of January, 1862?............................... 154'-. 154-. What its present amount ?, Does the senior medical officer of the regiment or hospital transmit monthly to the medical director of the depart- ment a copy of the " Statement of the Hospital Fund," as required by the regulations ?*................................, 154-'. 154- Is the diet of the sick of suitable quality?........................................ and quantity?. Is the hospital inspected on the last day of each month by the command- ing officer?!.................................. 154-'". I* inspection of the hospital, the men's quarters, the guard-house, &c, fre- quently made at other times by such officer ?J........................................ 154' When was the hospital last visited by him?........................................... XX. SICKNESS AND MORTALITY". .154" .154"' .154*' ,154- .154-i ,154-" .154-"' .154* 155. What are the prevailing diseases?.........;........................................................155 * Revised Army Regulations, pp 2S5. 339. *T 12G4, and Form 19. f Re\ i-M'd Army Regulations, p. 46, «;*' 304, 321. J Revised Army Regulations, p. 40, r 305. 00 155i. If varioloid or small-pox has occurred, were proper means taken to prevent either from spreading?.................... 155". If measles have prevailed, are trouble- some sequela) more frequent than in civil life, iu the judgment of the sur- geon ?........................................... 156. How many patients from the regiment are now in general hospital?............. 157j How many patients are in the regimental hospital?...................................... 158. How many "sick in quarters?" excused from all duty ?.... on full or light duty ?...... 159. Are there any serious cases in the regi- mental hospital ?............................ 160. If so, has it been impracticable to re- move them to the general hospital ?.., and why ?. 160' Have any instructions been received in resard to the distribution of patients between general and regimental hos- pitals ? ....................................... if any, what?. 161. 162. 163. 164. 105. 166. 166'. 166". Are there any contagious or infectious cases ?.......................................... Are they kept in a separate tent or house from the others ?.................... Are the discharges from the latter placed in the privy used by others ?............., (Omitted.) (Omitted.) Are the dead buried near the camp ?. At what depth ?............................ How many were under treatment in regimental hospital and quarters at the beginning of the calendar month last completed?............................. .155' 155" ..156 .157 .158 ,159 .160 .160* .161 .162 .163 ..166 .166* .160" sick ? 23 convalescent ?. 166Ui. Of these, how many were excused from all duty?.......................................1.....................................................1661' 166'-. How many new cases came under treat- ment during the month ?.................. 166-. How many cases during the month were sent to general hospital?.......... how many returned to duty ?. absent on furlough at close of month?................................ discharged from service?. deserted?..................... died?........................... 166-'. How many were remaining in regi- mental hospital and quarters at the close of the month ?......................... sick?............. convalescent?. 160-*'. Of these, how many were excused from all duty?............................... 166-"'. Does the surgeon make monthly re- ports of the sick and wounded to the medical director, as required by the regulations?.......................... 166ix. Date of last report?. 160x. How many from general hospital re- turned to duty during the month ?..... how many, at general hospital— belonging to the regiment— were discharged from service during the month ?................. how many—belonging to the regi- ment—died at general hospital during the month?................ 107. Is the general health of the regiment improving or deteriorating ?*........... 167*. Is malingering (or feigning sickness) often attempted, in the opinion of the surgeon ?......................................... .166" .166v .166-' .166-" .leO1-'" ....49'* .160* .107 .107' * If the change should be considerable, state, under " General Remarks," its presumptive causes 24 XXI. PREVENTIVE DUTY OF SURGEON.* 108. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 170. Does the surgeon understand that he is responsible for all conditions of the camp or regiment unfavorable to hea'th, unle«she has warned the com- manding officer of them ?................. Does the surgeon make a daily inspec- tion of the camp, with reference to its cleanliness?.............................. Does he inspect the food, and see how the cooking is done?....................... Does he report on these matters, and urge remedies upon the company offi- cers, and, when necessary, upon the commanding officer?....................... Is anything administered to the well men to guard against the effects of malaria? (Prophylactics)............... .168 .169 .170 .171 .172 Is there a drill before breakfast?.........'........................................................173 If so, does the surgeon approve of it?. If not, has ho remonstrated against it with the commanding officer?........... .174 .175 What is the length of time the men are on drill daily?................................'........................................................176 XXII. ARMS AND ACCOUTREMENTS. What is their arm?..............................'........................................................177 177'. Have the men confidence in it ?. 178. Is there any limit placed upon the weight of the knapsack for heavy marching order?......................................................................................................j 7^ .1; 179. If so, what?. 180. Is the cirtridge-box sustained only by a belt?.............................................. or, has it the additional support of a shoulder strap?................ if, by belt alone, what effect has the surgeon observed, if any ?f. .179 .180 * State in "Geueral Remarks" how often and en what subjects the Surgeon has reported to the Commar 1 ing Offic t. f It is alleged to induce hernia. 25 XXIII. GENERAL INSPECTIONS. 181. Are the regulations as to periodical in- spections complied with? *.............. 181*. By commanders of regiments or posts on the last day of every month?....... 181". By commanders of companies every Sunday morning?........................... 181*". By mustering officer, regimental or otherwise, when troops are mustered for payment?................................. 181". By Governmental Inspectors other than those in the regimental organi- zation?......................................... 182. If clothing is found deficient, (lost or destroyed,) is it at once again fur- nished, and charged to the person occasioning the loss?...................... 183. Is the sutler compelled to keep regula- tion under-clothing on hand, from which deficiencies can be supplied ?...., ,..181 ..181' .181" .181'" .181'- .182 .183 XXIV. COURTS MARTIAL. 184. Is discipline frequently enforced by regimental courts martial?...............'........................................................184 185. Have any been held?............................ 186. How many during the last month ?....... 187. How many during the last six months? 188. Are fines occasionally imposed for ne- glect of duty?................................. 189. Of what amount?. 190. Are the Articles of War, or extracts therefrom, read every Sunday morning to each company of the regiment? f.. if not, how often ?J. 191. Are the fines imposed by the Articles of War 2d and 3d, exacted upon oc- casion? ............................................ for indecent behavior in any place ' of divine worship?............... for profane language'. * Revised Army Regulations, pp. 40-49,