THE PHII/ABEP'E£.SS.-SUKBAY, DECEMBER 30. 1888^ 
llRSHtiES OF GOOD IB 
hospital makes such provision for its nurses in 
a nurses’home, erected in 18S6 by the Wood 
family in memory of their mother. In addi- 
tion to the necessary sleeping apartments it 
has a pretty sitting-room and well-selected 
library of 100 volumes for their use. 
Baronesse Oertzon, who has been a member of 
the order for tweuty years. The Baronesse is 
a stout, motherly-looking woman, with chest- 
nut-brow u hair, parted and combed smoothly 
back, earnest, kindly eyes and enthusiastic 
manner. She came to Philadelphia in May 
last from Schwerin, the capital of Mecklen- 
burg, to take charge of the hospital and its 
diakonesses and spread the order in this coun- 
try. She has served under Esmarlc and Bil- 
broth, the noted German surgeons, and saw 
active service in the Holy Land. She has an 
excellent command of English, which she ren- 
ders with a charming accent. She said that 
there are upwards of 7000 diakonesses in Ger- 
many. There are accommodations at the Ger- 
man Hospital for 100. 
“I hope soon to have more than that num- 
ber,” she said. “This big country needs 1000. 
I already have calls from various parts of it, 
asking me to send them a diakoness, so that 
she can found the order there. I have a num- 
ber of diakonesses, competent and ready for 
the work, but I can not spare them.” 
The, Episcopal Hospital Training School is 
in its experimental stage, having been in oper- 
| ation only ten months. The course of instruc- 
tion covers two years. 'Pupils are taken be- 
tween the ages of 23 and 35. aftv” monJ1’* 
prSuatlbn. At present there are twenty-fom 
pupil nurses. The hours of service are from 
6 A. M. to 8 P. M. The wages received are $8 
per month for the first year, and $10 a month 
for the second. 
This school was organized by Miss A lmira 
C. Davis. She was born in Philadelphia, but 
the greater part of her life has been spent iu;] 
central New York. She graduated from the 
New York TrainingSchool for Nurses,attached 
to Bellevue Hospital, in 1876, and soon there- 
after became superintendent of a Cottage Hos- 
pital in Quincy, Illinois, after which she re- 
turned to Bellevue ns night superintendent. 
She next wenttothe New England Hospital for 
Women and Children,and subsequently became 
connected with the Boston City Hospital, and 
from there took a six months’ vacation 
to Europe, visiting and studying the methods 
in the St. Thomas, St. Bartholomew’s and 
Guy’s Hospitals in London, spending several 
months as a guest of the Nightingale School. 
On her return to America she became con- 
nected with the Training School at the 
Brooklyn Hospital, after which she went to 
the Church Hospital, Louisville, Ky., as its 
superintendent. She subsequently returned to 
Europe for a six months’ rest and pleasure 
trip, whence she received the call and made 
the arrangements that placed her in charge of 
the Episcopal Hospital's Training School. 
The training school founded at the Phiiadel- 
Shia Orthopaedic Hospital and Infirmary for 
ervous Diseases, at Seventeenth and Summer 
Streets, by Miss Roberta West, is still in ex- 
istence. 
The Women Who Direct the Care of the 
Sick in the City's Hospitals. 
THE CITY’S TRAINING SCHOOLS. 
Something' About the Personality 
Their Chiefs and How the Pupil 
Nurses Get Their Educa- 
tion—Several Portraits. 
NLY a few years ago, 
before the era of 
training schools, the 
Philadelphia institu- 
tion nurse was, as a 
rule, a broken-down 
woman, verging on 
toward middle - age, 
who, unable to eam a 
living at anything 
else, W'as considered 
entirely capable of 
filling the most responsible position-next 
to that ot the- physician—at the sick 
bed. Her knowledge of nursing—if she 
laid claim to any—was derived from her 
experience as the neighborhood midwife. Pri- 
vate nursing, except in obstetrical cases, was a 
luxury indulged in only by the rich. 
To-day there are in this city seven training 
schools for nurses, which furnish a yearly 
average of 150 trained women, and the supply 
is unequal to the demand. These pretty,bright- 
faced, intelligent women are in themselves an 
inspiriting and invigorating tonic in the sick- 
room. 
The cou rse of instruction'pursued in the var- 
ious training schools is abou t the same, and 
comprises all kinds of hospital work and some 
study in text books on general nursing and 
therapeutics. 
Applicants are required to fill out a form of 
application, give references as to their moral 
character and pass a physical examination, 
after which, if these be found satisfactory, a 
written agreement is filled out and signed, 
binding the candidate to remain a specified 
time, and pledging her on the part of the col- 
■>ge thorough instruction in nursing. A pro- 
‘ ion ary period of from one to two months is 
required by all the schools in order to judge of 
the candidate’s ultimate fitness, at the expira- 
of which she either remains or the contract is 
declared void, as the case may be. 
The earlier acquisitions to the ranks were 
mainly saleswomen and seamstresses,withafew 
ex-school-teachers, but since pursing has taken 
a semi-professional status clergymen’s daugh- 
ters, school and music teachers, artists, women 
of T.O tfceeptfcionf but limited means, as well as 
a number who wish to learn nursing as a pre- 
liminary to a course in medicine, are appli- 
cants. One of the city training schools num- 
bers among its pupils both a Vassar and a 
Wellesley College graduate. In all the hos- 
pitals the instruction given is considered an 
equivalent for all services rendered and it is 
expected that the money paid the pupil will 
be expended for the clothing, books, thermom- 
eters, etc., needed during the time. 
The Philadelphia Hospital was the first gen- 
eral hospital in the city to introduce the new 
system. Formerly the nurses in that institu- 
tion were in the main ex-patients, most of them 
bard drinkers, who neglected their duty. The 
place was run on this happy-go-lucky princi- 
ple until the late Alice Fisher, aided by her 
efficient assistant, Miss Horner, brought order 
out of chaos and established a school which 
has sent, and is sending, its graduates to fill 
responsible positions all over the country, in 
private houses and public institutions. Two 
of her distinguished graduates, Miss Marion 
E. Smith and Miss Roberta West, are now' 
holding the positions made vacant by her 
death "and Miss Horner’s marriage to Sen- 
ator Hawley. Although younger in years 
and experience than" their predecessors, 
Miss A . L. Locke. 
Chief Nurse, University Hospital. 
Miss A. L. Locke, the chief nurse, is a Cana- 
dian by birth and was born in Hamilton, On- 
tario. She ifr 3 gssdante 
Hospital of the class of 1887 and took charge 
of the University’s training school in February 
lest. 
The Pennsylvania Hospital, although the 
oldest and most conservative in its manage- 
ment in the city, is not behind the times in the 
introduction of appliances and measures for 
the comfort of nurses and inmates. In ac- 
cordance with the improved idea they recently 
established a nurses’ home in the old Histori- 
cal Society’s building on Spruce Street between 
Eighth and Ninth Streets. The number of 
nurses taken in the training school is limited 
to 22 and the course of instruction covers two 
years. On account of the central location of 
this hospital and the large number of accident 
cases received it affords a better opportunity 
for the study of surgical nursing than any 
other in the city. The pupil nurses graduate 
once a year, the average number being ten. 
During their course of training they receive $9 
a mouth for the first year and $12 per month 
the second. 
POEMS OF THE PERIOD. 
The Musician. 
I. 
As some master wearied long, 
Careless, touching thus the keys. 
Strikes them Into sudden song 
Scarce remembered, so would !, 
Weary, waiting, only try 
y Lightly thus to touch the keys 
into songs like these. 
II. 
What melody now through the silence breaks 
Like the light through the dark in the rosy morn? 
For I touch the keys and the song awakes 
Like the dawn ot the day new born. 
Ihave glimpses of thoughts that I can not tell, 
That strive in articulate sobs to reach 
From the soul of the music in which they dwell 
To the sounds of our broken speech. 
There are tears unshed, there are hopes unfilled, 
There are dreams that never will come again; 
There are faces gone, there are voices stilled, 
And pleasure that ever is mixed with pain. 
But however I strive and however bold 
The spirit may be as the glad songs come, 
There are thoughts, there are dreams that can neve* 
bo told, 
Which lie in the depths of the silence dumb. 
Miss Anna A. Hintze. 
Chief Nurse, Pennsylvania Hospital. 
Miss Anna A. Hintze, the chief nurse, is a 
native of Boston and a graduate of the Massa- 
chusetts General Hospital of the class of 1886. 
After her graduation she took charge of the 
men’s surgical ward in her alma mater, and 
came to the Pennsylvania Hospital in Septem- 
ber last. 
The training school in connection with the 
Woman’s Medical College came into existence 
in 1863. It is at present without a head nurse. 
The course of training covers two years, the 
first of which is spent in the hospital, and the 
second in attendance on private cases outside. 
There are forty-two pupil nurses at present 
under training. The average number gradu- 
ated yearly is fourteen. Women between the 
ages of 24 and 40 are, after a probation of four 
months, received for training. It was a gradu- 
ate of this school who founded the famous 
training school at New Haven, Conn. 
III. 
To some master wearied Ions. 
Careless touching thus the keys, 
Oft returns some sudden song— 
Scarce remembered melodies. 
Careless touching thus the keys. 
Sounds of broken songs 1 hear; 
Scarce remembered melodies 
Of dead days that once were dear. 
Sounds of broken songs I hear, 
From the vanished oast they 3ow; 
'Oldi'ij dor*' auit once Hu*r 
udine utey with the songs 1 know. 
From the vanished past they flow! 
Will Its memories never cease? 
Coma they, sounds of songs I know; 
Break, oh heart, till thou find peace. 
Will its memories never cense? 
Memories of the happy past; 
Break, oh heart, till thou find peace 
In the silence here at last. 
Bennett Bellman, 
What la Flirtation? 
Prom the London Figaro. 
What is flirtation? Really, 
How can I tell you that? 
But when she smiles I see its wiles, 
And when he Hits his hat. 
’Tis walking In the moonlight, 
’Tis buttoning on a glove; 
’Tis lips that speak of plays next week, 
While eyes are talking love. 
’Tis meeting in the ballroom, 
’Tis whirling in the dance, 
’Tis something hid beneath the lid, 
More than a simple glance. 
’Tis lingering in the hallway, 
’Tis sitting on the stair, 
’Tis bearded lips on Anger tips, 
If mamma isn’t there. 
’Tis tucking in the carriage, 
'Tis asking for a call, 
’Tis long good-nights in tender lights, 
And that is—no, not all! 
’Tis parting when It’s over, 
And one goes home to sleep; 
Tlcsf joysmust end, trala, my friend, 
But on# goes home to weep! 
Her Smile His Sunlight. 
Frank Dempster Sherman in the Century. 
Sweetheart, when rhymes I make 
For vour dear sake, 
You bring 
Into your face a smile. 
To cheer me while 
I sing. 
Like to that bird am I, 
Which, when the sky 
At night 
A deeper azure grows, 
No longer knows 
Delight; 
Or like of flowers that one 
Which loves the sun 
And gives 
The beauty of Its bloom 
To him for whom 
It lives. 
Pleasure nor joy to bless 
Have I unless 
Your face 
Over my paper shines 
And lights the lines 
With grace. 
For mo vour smile is day— 
The golden ray 
That climbs 
Imagination’s wall 
And sweetens all 
My rhymes. 
For you the Bird’s song, this— 
The flower’s fresh kiss 
And breath; 
Nor may their nightfall come 
Till both are dumb 
In death! 
Naughty Claude. 
James Whitcomb Riley in St. Nicholas. 
When little Claude was naughty once, 
At luncheon-time, and said 
He’d not say “Thank you” to Mamma, 
She, made him go to b ed, 
And cover up and stay two hours;— 
So when the clock struck 2, 
Then Claude said: “Thank you, Mr. Clock, 
I’m much obliged to you!” 
A Single Hair. 
From the Chicago Mail. 
It is odd how shifts the light, 
For the hair is black as night— 
For the instant, and then quite 
Another hue. It’s bright 
And then It’s dull. My sight 
Is baflled as I note 
What I found upon his coat, 
It is odd how shifts the light! 
Oh, dear! How came it there, 
This tantalizing halt? 
Is it black, or brown, or red? 
Where, I wonder, was it shed? 
Did it come from my own head? 
Have I any cause for dread? 
It is odd how shifts the light— 
What blur is on my sight? 
Dr. Anna M. Fullerton, under whose super- 
intendency the training ,is conducted, is the 
daughter of a Presbyterian missionary to 
India, and a distinguished graduate of the 
Girls’Normal School of this city. After her 
graduation she was for several years a success- 
ful teacher of grammar and the Constitution of 
the United States in the Normal School, but 
reabrned bp”.UQsirion to take up the study nf 
medicine, matriculating at the woman’s Medi- 
cal College of this city. Alter obtaining her 
decree she practiced for a year, when she went 
to Europe for a year, nine months of which she 
spent in study at the Vienna Hospital. She 
went then to Paris and London, On her return 
to America she practiced for a year with Dr. 
Broomall, and three years ago came to the 
Woman’s Medical College as physician in 
charge. 
The Philadelphia Lying-in Charity, at Elev- 
enth and Cherry Streets, was established in 
1832. It was formerly a nurses’ home, and is 
the oldest institution in the city for training 
nurses. It began the work by sending the 
pupils out to nurse in poor families. Every 
nurse took twelve cases, and if she gotthrough 
with them satisfactorily she was given a di- 
ploma. Two years ago the institution resolved 
to train nurses after the methods pursued in 
other places of the kind, and put Miss Alice 
Millspaugh, a native of Baltimore, one of their 
graduates of two years’ standing, in charge. 
There are now fourteen pupil nurses under in- 
struction. The practical experience is largely 
obstetrical,but theoretical instruction is given 
in all other kinds, and the graduates of this 
school have proven themselves fully equal in 
all respects to nurses who have received prac- 
tical instruction in every branch. The aver- 
age yearly number turned out is fourteen. 
There is no specified time for the 
pupils receiving their diplomas as they finish 
their course. The compensation during train- 
ing is $5 per month. 
While necessarily not conducted after the 
pattern of the ordinary training-school, the 
German Hospital affords sunerior instruction 
to a number of noble-hearted women, whose 
service to the sick and suffering means a life- 
work of abnegation, and whose pay is only 
the actual necessaries of life—food, shelter and 
clothing. They are content with the prayers 
and blessings or those for whom they have 
eased a little of life’s heavy burden." Four 
years ago the managers of the German Hos- 
pital brought from Germany a little band of 
seven of these devoted, self-sacrificing women, 
who are known as “Diakonisses,” or deacon- 
esses, and belong to a Lutheran order of that 
name. While pledged to a life of service and 
obedience, they can at any time return to the 
world if a higher duty as, for instance, the 
care of a dependent parent, or helple.ss sisters 
or brothers calls them, but while in the order 
they must hold themselves in readiness 
to go at a minute’s notice to any 
part of the world to engage 
in hospital work, or establish the order in a 
new country. A candidate for admission must 
be a womau of high moral character—a Chris- 
tian, but not necessarily a Lutheran. The 
members of this order travel all over the world 
under the protection of the German Emperor, 
and frequently serve on royalty. In Germany 
its membership is drawn from the best fami- 
lies. At the end of four years’ service they 
receive the cross of the order, which is oblong 
in shape, made of silver, with a small red 
cross enameled in the centre. Under its pro- 
tection they are sacred in times of war. 
Miss Marion E. Smith. 
Chief Nurse, Philadelphia Hospital. 
they have shown themselves more thali equal 
to the responsibility of their positions. Four 
years ago there were fourteen pupil nurses, 
fo-day there are ninety-seven, distributed over 
eleven departments. ’ Each department is 
under the charge ot a graduate nurse, who is 
responsible, under the directions of the chief 
nurse and her assistant, for the welfare of the 
patients, as well as for the conduct and train- 
ing of these pupil nurses. The classes are now 
so large that commencements are held three 
times a year, in January, June and September, 
and an average of twenty-five graduated each 
! time. 
, Miss Marion E. Smith, chief nurse at the 
Philadelphia Hospital Training School, was 
born in Gloucestershire, England. She was a 
rfermnal friend and pupil of the late Miss 
Fisher and served under her a year in Bir- 
| mingham, completing her course of instruction 
at the Philadelphia, Hospital under her be- 
loved perceptor. Miss Smith graduated in 
1886 and went immediately thereafter to the 
Pennsylvania Hospital as head nurse, where 
she remained until July last, when she was 
appointed to fill the vacancy made by Miss 
i Fisher's death. - 
Miss Roberta West. 
Chief Assistant, Philadelphia Hospital. 
Miss Roberta West, the hospital’s chief as- 
sistant nurse is one of its most distinguished 
graduates, having won the gold medal. After 
her graduation in 1886 she went to the Ortho- 
paedic Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous 
Diseases, at Seventeenth and Summer Streets, 
aud organized a training school, taking two of 
her classmates with her. She remained in 
charge, as superintendent, until December, 
1887, when she" was appointed to her present 
position, to fill the vacancy caused by Miss 
Horner’s marriage to Senator Hawley. Miss 
West is a native Philadelphian, and received 
her education at the Lincoln Grammar School, 
at Twentieth Street and Fairmount Avenue. 
The training school at the University of 
Pennsylvania has been established but a little 
over two years, and six weeks ago sent out its 
first graduating class of twelve, including a 
full-blooded Brule Sioux girl. Three of the 
graduates at once went to fill responsible posi- 
tions. 
The number that can be trained in a class is 
limited to thirty-three. The course takes two 
years. The nurses receive $40 for the first 
year’s services and $100 for the second. The 
most improved ideas on nursing require the 
nurses’ sleeping apartments and rooms where 
she is to spend her leisure time to be entirely 
separate from the institution proper. This 
XVan'da, BAwahasa® Of.htzkn. 
Sister Superior, German Hospital. 
There are at present thirty of these good 
women attached to the German Hospital in 
charge of the laundry and kitchen, and in at- 
tendance on the sick. Next year a big chil- 
dren’s hospital is to be established, which, 
together with the opeuing of theDrexel Home, 
wul require the services of many more than 
the present number. 
The deaconesses are under the charge of 
“Frau Oberin,” or Sister Superior Wanda,