PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
ALUMNI SOCIETY 
OF Til K 
MEl)I CAL I)EPARTMENT 
OF THE 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
For 1879. 
WITH THE 
ANNUAL ADDRESS 
TRAILL GREEN, A.M., M.D., LL.D., 
PROFESSOR OF GENERAL IN LAFAYETTE COLLEGE; MEMBER OF THE MEDICAL 
SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA \ MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION ; 
ASSOCIATE MEMBER OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA 
ASSOCIATE MEMBER OF THE OBSTETRICAL SOCIETY, PHILADELPHIA \ 
FELLOW OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF MEDICINE ; 
MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL 
SOCIETY, ETC. ETC. ETC. 
WORDS OF ENCOURAGEMENT TO TIIE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 
DELIVERED MARCH 13, 1880. 
PHILADELPHIA: 
COLLINS, PRINTER, 705 JAYNE STREET. 
1880. PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
ALUMNI SOCIETY 
OF THE 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
OF THE 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
For 1879. 
WITH TnE 
ANNUAL ADDRESS 
BY 
T R AI Ll"g REEN, A.M., M.D., LL.D., • 
PROFESSOR OF ORNBRAL CHEMISTRY IK LAFAYKTTB COLLEGE ; MEMBKK OF THE MEDICAL 
SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA ; MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION J 
ASSOCIATE MEMBER OF THB COLLBHE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA J 
ASSOCIATE MEMBER OF THE OBSTETRICAL SOCIETY, PHILADELPHIA ; 
FELLOW OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF MEDICINE ; 
MEMBER or THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL 
SOCIETY, ETC. ETC. ETC. 
WORDS OF ENCOURAGEMENT TO T1IE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 
DELIVERED MARCH 13, 1880. 
PHILADELPHIA: 
COLLINS, PRINTER, 705 JAYNE STREET. 
1880. ADDRESS. 
Mu. ClIAIUMAN AND GENTLEMEN OF THE SOCIETY OF THE ALUMNI OF TIIE 
Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania :— 
Ox the fourth instant I celebrated the forty-fifth anniversary 
of my entrance into our profession. I presume I may suppose 
this long intercourse with its members has prompted you to ask 
me to address you on this anniversary of the Alumni Associa* 
tion. While I thank you for placing me in this honorable 
position, I cannot help thinking that you have imposed upon 
me a duty which is not easily discharged. There arc not many 
professional subjects which have not occupied the thoughts of 
men so thoughtful and so busy as you all are in the practical 
as well as theoretical work of our profession. Some of the 
great questions of the day have been discussed at these annual 
meetings, and you have heard so much concerning the deficien- 
cies of professional work, the wants of education, preparatory 
and professional, the faults of the schools, the defects of the 
Code of Ethics, and the professional sins of medical societies, 
that I thought I would come to-day and relate what I have 
learned, in these forty-five years, of good things, and so say some- 
thing to make us glad in this hour of our annual gathering, 
thoughts to carry with us from our meeting to cheer us in our 
work during the coming years, and so be a help to us iu our 
aim to advance the interests of our profession. 
I see around me on every hand in this city evidences of pros- 
perity. How large its growth since I was a pupil! In the early 
morning hours, when I walked for air and exercise from the 
vicinity of the University on Ninth Street to the Market Street 
bridge over the Schuylkill, to see, as an exciter to walk, whether 
the river was covered with ice, much of Market Street was not 4 
well built up. In the year following my graduation, acting as 
physician in the Fifth Street Dispensary, and having the district 
from Market Street to Vine, and from Broad to the Schuylkill, 
I found the residences of my patients widely scattered over that 
portion of tlie city, now adorned with beautiful residences, and 
affording, I doubt not, a lucrative practice to many of the best 
physicians of the city, where the whole practice was in the 
hands of one, at that time, and not worth much in money, but 
exceedingly valuable in the cases which it furnished to the 
voung practitioner. Our professional home was then in Ninth 
Street; these beautiful and well-arranged buildings, with all 
the appointments for study, denote professional progress—pro- 
visions to meet the demands of a growing profession. Every- 
thing I behold betokens to me the advances which the times 
require from a profession designed to meet the wants of an ad- 
vancing science and civilization. I think we can truthfully say 
that there is a very general feeling that we are now entering 
upon a better and more hopeful condition. A voice comes to 
us from the Alumni of a sister institution, “It is in the air that 
medical education is undergoing a reform. The increased num- 
ber of instructors, the more thorough examinations, the nume- 
rous prizes, and the better character of the students indicate 
this.”* 
Another comes from the Pacific Coast. “At no moment in 
the world’s history was so much mental power directed in the 
channel of medical study; never were there so many giant in- 
tellects laboring to advance the various departments of medical 
science.”f To me everything seems hopeful, and I name as my 
theme, “Words of Encouragement for the Medical Profession.” 
I refer first to the good organization of the profession which 
has been effected. When I entered it there were eleven State 
Medical Societies in existence, and some of these were not very 
active in their work. There was no general organization of the 
profession. In 1879 there were thirty-nine State Societies in 
the United States, in connection with the American Medical 
* I)r. Roosa’s Address before the Alumni of the University of the City of 
New York, Feb. 19, 1880. 
f Pacific Medical and Surgical Journal. 5 
Association ; showing that wc have at present a very general 
organization of the profession through the County Societies 
which are represented in the State Medical Societies, and the 
American Medical Association. The general interests of the 
profession found no place where they could be discussed; and 
subjects which the profession, assembled in organized bodies, 
could have considered for the advancement of medical science, 
could not be considered in the presence of those who were in- 
terested in them. The practitioners scattered over this vast 
country, with the exceptions named, did not associate with each 
other. They met in the ordinary intercourse of society, and 
occasionally in consultation, when the needs of a patient, or the 
necessity of support in the treatment of a case, occurred. There 
was less professional intercourse than there was of agricultu- 
rists or mechanics—more slender bonds of union between 
physicians than those which united men in far inferior walks 
of life. Apart from the papers which arc read and resolutions 
passed in the American Medical Association, and in State and 
County Societies, the association of the members of these organi- 
zations has accomplished great good. There has been received 
at every meeting higher views of the grandeur of the profes- 
sion ; the weaker have gained strength by association with the 
stronger; new stimulus has been given to work, and love for 
the profession rekindled. I have heard the remark, again and 
again from those who have attended these meetings, “I have 
attended a meeting of the society, and I have returned with 
new convictions of the importance of our profession, and with 
new purposes to work for its advancement.” 
There is no question of professional interest which cannot 
find support in County, State, and National Associations. Wo 
are prepared to work in concert, and we feel that we have com- 
mon interests, and the profession is more deeply interested in 
medical progress. The organization of alumni associations 
forms another branch of professional fellowship which must 
accomplish good. We cannot help the thought that it is strange 
that we so long neglected this aid to professional improvement 
through the medical schools. Such associations had existed in 
our literary institutions, and numbers of them formed in our 
cities; and had been found useful long before the graduates of 6 
medical schools thought of their value to the profession. Schools 
and academies had societies which united their graduates in 
work, by which these institutions were fostered. We left the 
full care of the medical schools to the trustees and faculties, 
apparently having no interest in them after we entered upon 
professional life. The graduates of our medical schools could 
have accomplished all that has been desired in the way of im- 
provement in medical education. Had each one insisted on the 
necessity of a better preparatory education, none unqualified 
could have entered our ranks. Under our system the precep- 
tor’s office is the door of entrance; this well guarded, all within 
would be found qualified to go forward in their studies, and 
would eventually be found worthy of the degree. Alumni 
associations will henceforth give their support to the officers of 
the schools ; and the promise is that greater interest will be/elt 
in everything that is designed to promote medical progress. 
Second. The medical journalism of to-day is a subject which 
encourages me in my hopefulness for the profession. To pre- 
pare the vast amount of matter which weekly, monthly, and 
quarterly is collected in our medical journals is good evidence 
that we have writers and thinkers who are worthy members of 
the profession. Then the readers of these journals are constantly 
receiving useful information, and through this reading alone are 
becoming better qualified to perform the duties of the profes- 
sion. When I began my professional life the medical journals 
of this country could be counted on the fingers of one hand, and 
all the fingers would not have been used. In 1848 the number 
had reached twenty, and to-day this number exceeds this many 
times, and the number is increasing annually. These journals 
nurtured or formed a taste for reading when the text-books had 
lost their interest. They have led many of the profession to 
cultivate a talent for writing, and in this way the science has been 
advanced. New remedies, new pathological views, and new 
methods of treatment have been through the journals made 
known to the readers of them residing in every part of the 
land. Many who cannot add books to their libraries do in this 
way learn much that is valuable to them in their daily work. 
Our journals are rich repositories of medical truth, and have 
influenced medical reading for almost a century. We find refer- 7 
ences in works on the practice of medicine and surgery to arti- 
cles in them of so much value that nothing equal to them can 
be found in other works. Our weekly and monthly journals are 
constantly collecting and sending over the land information on 
the great facts of medicine which is doing great good, and will 
be collected as material for permanent works. Dr. Yandell, in 
his address on “Medical Literature,”delivered before the Inter- 
national Medical Congress, remarked that “the growth of our 
periodical literature has been unprecedented. Since the origin 
of the first, in 1797, one hundred and ninety-five, including re- 
prints of foreign journals, have been set on foot, of which more 
than fifty, counting those that relate to pharmacy and dentistry, 
are still in progress. In all, they have made one thousand six 
hundred and thirty-seven volumes, a bulk which exceeds that 
of our monographs and manuals. Hardly any other country in 
the world has projected so many in the same period, or is now 
sustaining so large a number. Germany and Austria together 
have only fifty-seven ; France has but fifty-two; Great Britain 
has but twenty-nine ; Italy thirty-one; Holland six; and Spain 
the same number.” 
I doubt whether a number of any of them is ever read that 
does not furnish some useful hint to the practitioner who reads 
it; and in a consultation or an occasional conversation with a 
physician it is not difficult to determine whether he is in the 
habit of reading a medical journal, as much of treatment and 
the use of new remedies is learned from the journals before it is 
collected together in more permanent works. 
We may be allowed on an occasion like the present to indulge 
in a pardonable pride, while we remember the good work of 
this Class which our University has carried forward. The 
“Journal,” so long a welcome visitor to our physicians, was 
founded by our beloved Chapman, and for more than fifty years 
was ably conducted by an alumnus ; and now his son, also an 
alumnus, worthily bears the honors of his father, and ably per- 
forms the duties which have been imposed upon him as the 
editor. All that I have said in reference to the influence of 
journalism applies in a high degree to the “American Journal 
of the Medical Sciences.” Another, founded in 1853 by an 
alumnus of this University, and long edited by him, has also 8 
exerted a happy influence upon our profession, and still lives to 
do good under its present able editor. Another, though younger, 
is ably conducted by one of our accomplished professors, also 
an alumnus. Its growth of ten years gives promise of a strong 
and useful life, and ability to be an able support to our pro- 
fessional growth. All this has been done under the shadow of 
our home tree, and is but a part of the good work which has 
been accomplished by our fellow-alumni in other parts of our 
country.* 
I find a third subject for encouragement in the acceptation 
which is given to the proposition for a better education of can- 
didates for medical degrees. 
It is a ground of hopefulness that all the propositions made 
for an advancement have been so well received by the public. 
Of Harvard we learn that, “ in regard to the Medical School, 
we observe that its prosperity continues and increases. In 
1878-9, the number of students increased ten per cent., and the 
excess of receipts over expenditures was $9540.07, although 
each of the clinical instructors received an honorarium, which 
was a new charge upon the school. The number of students 
who possess literary or scientific degrees has doubled in ten 
* Prof. Still6 has given his testimony to the value of liberal studies in the 
education of Dr. Hays, as well as to the design of education. “Dr. Hays’s 
school education was acquired while the traditions of English scholarship were 
still living influences, and when it was a cardinal doctrine that education was 
designed, not so much to fill the memory with facts as to cultivate all the natu- 
ral powers and fit them for use in any field whatever. Dr. Hays graduated 
A.B. from the University of Pennsylvania, in 1816. In those days the ameni- 
ties of scholarship were habitually associated with the courtesies of life, as the 
frequent use pf the phrase * a scholar and a gentleman’ sufficiently attests, as 
well as the term ‘ litera humaniores,’ which described a literature that was 
supposed to refine the mind and manners, and of which the classical languages 
were the indispensable foundation. It cannot be doubted, I think, that the 
delicate and refined literary taste of Dr. Hays was developed by his liberal 
education, although he was by nature fitted to bear more perfect fruit in such 
a soil than in one which, according to modern ideas of excellence, is filled with 
the hard facts of physical science. The infiuence of his severer and mathemat- 
ical training was exhibited in his acute and very critical judgment, which expe- 
rience sharpened into a sagacious instinct.”—(Memoir of Isaac Hays, M.D. 
Read before the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, Feb. 4, 1880.) 9 
years, and now amounts to fortv-eiglit per cent, of the whole 
number.”* 
We doubt not the same good reports will be made of all the 
colleges which may adopt a fuller course, and require a prelimi- 
nary examination. Here “the pecuniary success of the new 
plan is assured. A class of nearly four hundred students, 
yielding a revenue almost one-third larger than that received 
by the school previous to its change of plan, marks the present 
session. As more than one-third of the whole present class is 
composed of lirst-year men, and as the number of these medi- 
cal beginners is about ten per cent, greater than last year, the 
success of the future, as well as of the present, may be con- 
sidered as determined.”t 
Our State Medical Society, at its meeting in Pittsburg, in 1878, 
resolved that the county societies should appoint a committee 
to examine all who would enter the offices of their members as 
students of medicine, and ascertain their fitness to commence 
their studies. In Northampton we acted in obedience to this 
resolution at our first meeting, and I doubt not other county 
societies will do or have already done the same. 
I shall not discuss the subject of liberal studies. This has 
been so frequently presented, and was so well considered by my 
accomplished predecessor, Dr. Lewis II. Steiner, in the position 
which I now occupy, and also before the American Academy 
of Medicine, that I need not occupy your time in a discussion 
on the manner in which these studies accomplish good in pre- 
paring the mind for professional studies. It will suffice on this 
occasion to examine the fruits of liberal culture. 
It is probable we have spent too much time on the discussion 
as to modes of education without looking at the results. I think 
we are beginning to look more at the fruits of culture than we 
were in the habit of doing. I do not doubt that there has been 
a great advance in the estimation which is made of liberal stu- 
dies preparatory to the study of medicine, and I make it one of 
the encouragements to hope for the improvement of the pro- 
fession that so many of its members are using their titles of 
* Boston Mid and Surg. Journal, Jan. 22, 1880, j). 88 
f Editorial, Pliila. Med. Times, Oct. 25, 1879. 10 
degrees in the liberal arts. I have remarked for several years 
past that medical men, in articles which they contribute to 
medical journals and in their works, use these titles—a practice 
very rarely observed ten years ago. This has also been noticed 
within a few years in connection with the names of the editors 
of our leading medical journals. My friend, Dr. Charles Mcln- 
tire, Jr., Secretary of our Easton Medical Book Club, examined 
at my request a large number of journals, and I find from his 
report that the number of writers using the title of A.M. exceeds 
a third of the whole number of writers in one of the journals, 
and varies from one-fifth, one-seventh, to one-tenth of the whole 
number of writers in other journals. This is evidence of a 
growing appreciation of degrees in the liberal arts, for it was 
very unusual to see them affixed to names of men who had long 
been in possession of them. 
The testimony of those who have observed the ability with 
which those who have improved opportunities of liberal culture 
carry forward professional studies is so positive, that all specu- 
lations as to its utility are of no value. 
August Duprd, in his address at the opening of the session, 
1879-80, at Westminster Hospital, said: “ My boyhood fell in a 
time in which many of the best minds of Germany were enthu- 
siastic in the cause of so-called technical as opposed to classical 
education, and these years were in consequence passed by me in 
schools in which technical education—that is, natural science, 
mathematics, mechanics, etc.—took precedence over the classics. 
It was a time in which even leaders in science, like the late Baron 
Liebig, expressed their conviction that a new national life would 
commence for Germany, and that future generations would, in 
consequence of this increased knowledge of natural science, be 
intellectually superior to past generations, brought up chiefly in 
the old classical schools. Unfortunately this bright vision has 
not been realized, and Germany is reverting more or less to the 
old style. Liebig himself confessed in after years that his earlier 
opinions had been erroneous. He stated that he frequently ob- 
served among his own students in chemistry, that although those 
coming from technical schools appeared at first, in all that re- 
lated to natural science, as giants compared to those having 
received a chiefly classical education, yet that the latter in most 11 
cases not only soon made up their deficiencies in this respect, 
but in the end generally outstripped their technically educated 
rivals.” 
I)r. .Jager, director of the Frederic William Gymnasium, at 
Cologne, a mixed school, with both the classical course and 
classes in real or practical studies, and, from being at the head of 
the two different departments, well qualified to judge, “assured 
me it was the universal opinion that the Realschulen were not 
at present successful institutions, lie declared that the boys in 
the corresponding forms of the classical school beat the Real- 
schule boys in matters which botli do alike, such as history, 
geography, the mother tongue, and even French, though to 
French the Realschule boys devote far more time than their 
comrades of the classical school. The reason for this, Dr. Jager 
affirms, is that the classical training strengthens a boy’s mind so 
much more. This is what, as I have already said, the chief 
school authorities everywhere in France and Germany testify. 
I quote Dr. Jager’s testimony in particular, because of his ability, 
and because of his double experience.” 
“ Fven mathematicians find that students from a good gym- 
nasium make better progress than those who come from practical 
high schools where the classics are excluded.”—Professor Frede- 
rick Thiersch. 
“I have known cases where the leading prizes in French and 
German have been monopolized by leading prize-holders in 
Uitin and Greek, although among their competitors have been 
lads whose linguistic studies have been confined almost entirely 
to the modern tongues.”—Professor D’Arcy W. Thomson. 
“Not a few [schoolmasters] declared that boys who had 
learned Latin beat boys who did not know Latin, even on other 
subjects in which Litin had no direct connection.”—Schools’ 
Commission Ileports, vol. i. p. 2d. 
The following statements were made at a recent meeting of the 
Philological Association at Poughkeepsie, by Professor Boise, of 
Chicago University, and for many years of the University of 
Michigan. Two courses were organized at Ann Arbor about 
seventeen years since. “ The so-called scientific course embraces 
the modern languages, sciences, history, etc.—all those studies 
which are claimed to be specially practical, but excluding the 12 
ancient languages. All the Professors have given a fair share 
of their time and strength to that course, except the two Profes- 
sors of the ancient languages. The results, after a long and fair 
trial, have been somewhat as follows:—• 
“1. The number of the students in the scientific course has 
generally, I think, always remained considerably less than in 
the classical. 
“ 2. Nearly every year several students have left the scientific 
course; have gone back and begun the study of Latin and 
Greek, and prepared themselves for the classical course. 
“3. The classical graduates have been much more fortunate 
in obtaining responsible and lucrative positions than the sci- 
entific. 
“ A member of the last class with which I was connected at 
Ann Arbor, that of ’68, has given me the names of ten men— 
nearly a third of the classical section—who obtained at once on 
their graduation salaries ranging from one thousand to seven- 
teen hundred dollars a year. Not one of the scientific men, so 
far as he has been able to ascertain, obtained so large a salary. 
Thus in financial value a classical education is superior, not to 
speak of its superiority in other and far more important respects.” 
(From Taylor’s “Classical Study.”) 
“ It should not be forgotten what the classical free schools 
scattered through England have done in times past to furnish her 
great men. Take only the names which meet the eye in turn- 
ing over the pages of Carlisle, omitting all the best known pub- 
lic schools, that is, the most successful free schools, formed on 
the same type. From Abingdon and Norwich came Chief 
Justices Holt and Coke; from Huntingdon, Cromwell; from 
Grantham, Newton; from Kingston, Gibbon ; from Giggles- 
wick, Paley; from Newcastle, Ridley, Akenside, Eldon, and 
Stowell. From other schools, now not more distinguished than 
these, came Wallis and Harvey, and Jenner and Davy ; Jewel 
and Laud; Stillingfleei, Waterland, Barrow, and Clarke; Ken- 
nicott, Lightfoot, and Prideaux ; Huskisson, Clarkson, and Wil- 
berforce; Heber, and Martyn. It would be easy to lengthen 
the list from other and more recent sources.” (From Farrais’ 
“ Essays on a Liberal Education.”) 
Our colleges furnish abundant evidence of the practical influ- 13 
cncc of the higher education. “Harvard College was founded 
in ld38, only eighteen years after the first landing on Plymouth 
Iiock, when Boston was a small village of not more than twenty 
or thirty houses, and when only twenty-five towns had begun 
to be settled in Massachusetts. It was one of the first things th6 
Pilgrim Fathers thought of, and, as Cotton Mather well says, 
‘it was the best thing they ever thought of.’ What would the 
so-called friends of practical education have done? Here is 
this great wilderness to be cleared, we have but few houses: we 
need axes and trowels, and mechanics to use them. We must 
have practical men—schools to teach the English language, 
arithmetic, and writing, mensuration and surveying—these are 
sufficient for our times. Ilad the Pilgrims so thought and 
acted, would New England be what it is today? Would her 
people be as practical as they are ? Let the friends of prac- 
tical education, as they style themselves, show why it is that 
more useful inventions are produced in New England—more 
churns, buckles, more clocks and watches, more shoes, more 
agricultural implements, more cotton spun and woven than else- 
where in the United States; yes, and more poetry written, more 
school-books for the whole nation, and college text-books? 
Why the highest mental culture there combined with the most 
useful material work ? Some one may say, The soil is poor and 
unfitted for agricultural purposes. True, but why arc the bar- 
ren districts in the Middle and Southern States, separately as 
large as some of the New England States, occupied by an igno- 
rant population? We ask why it is, if it be not that in the 
Eastern States there has always been a higher mental culture— 
more colleges and better schools—for within thirty years after 
the landing of the Pilgrims they had laid the foundation of a 
complete system of education from the common school to the 
university. 
“The civil and political history of New England and the 
Middle States for half a century before and after the Revolu- 
tion, may almost be read in the large capitals which distinguish 
the governors and judges, the Senators and Representatives in 
Congress, on the catalogues of Harvard, Yale, Nassau Hall, and 
Columbia Colleges. Let those who doubt the practical utility 
of colleges, or the political capacity of college-educated men, 14 
examine these catalogues. We should like to put those dema- 
gogues, who would fain create a prejudice against colleges in 
the public mind, to the study of those triennials (if. indeed, they 
are capable of mastering the easy Latin in which they are com- 
posed). Few books would teach them sounder doctrines; few 
furnish them brighter examples. Yale College has educated 
four of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, three 
members of the Convention for framing the Constitution of the 
United States, one Vice-President, four Judges of the Supreme 
Court of the United States, seven members of the Cabinet, 
thirty-nine United States Senators, one hundred and thirty-nine 
Representatives in Congress, four Foreign Ministers, twenty-two 
Governors, eighteen Lieutenant-Governors, and eighty Judges of 
the Supreme Court in different States; thirteen Presidents of 
Medical Societies, thirty-six Presidents of Colleges, and one 
hundred and five Professors. The College of New Jersey has 
furnished one President, two Vice-Presidents, four Judges of the 
Supreme Court of the United States, fifteen Judges of Supreme 
Courts in the several States, twenty Governors of States, six 
members of the Cabinet at Washington, and one hundred and 
twenty members of Congress. Harvard College has graduated 
two Presidents of the United States, one Vice-President, and 
Governors, Lieutenant-Governors, Secretaries, etc. etc., too 
numerous to mention. Of the thirty-five thousand graduates 
that have been sent out from American colleges, nearly two 
hundred have been Governors, more than five hundred Repre- 
sentatives in Congress, one hundred and thirty Senators of the 
United States, and nearly four hundred Judges of Supreme 
Courts.” 
Professor Morse, the inventor of the electric telegraph, was 
not only a college graduate and professor, but made his great 
experiments within the walls of a university.* 
If the higher education prepares for the business and compe- 
tition of life, we may look with favor upon every movement 
which tends to furnish it to those who shall enter our profession. 
After an intercourse of many years with college students, I 
can testify to the advantages derived from regular courses of 
* Professor Tyler’s Premium Essay, 1855. 15 
study. It is not uncommon to see young men who tire of the 
higher curriculum, and imagine that a course of reading in his- 
tory, biography, or literature is of far more value than the 
studies of the recitation room. I never knew one who equalled 
in mental power those who pursued the course so long tried and 
approved by tl\e world’s best educators. For a time the fre- 
quenter of the library or reading-room appears to better advan- 
tage to his fellows than the diligent student of the studies of the 
regular course. It will be observed that he who occupies his 
time on the studies which give the best mental discipline soon 
outstrips those who suppose they are pursuing a more practical 
course; for soon after he has entered upon professional life he 
acquires all the knowledge that the other gained, but gained at 
the expense of loss of training. 
Practitioners who have given any time to the instruction of 
office students, and professors in medical schools, must have ob- 
served a difference between those who enter upon their studies 
with imperfect preparation and those who have had the advan- 
tage of a better culture. There is much in learning how to 
study, and after a course of four years in college, and several 
spent in the preparation for the four years’ course, it must be 
that a young man has learned how to apply himself to profes- 
sional studies. I have had young men to apply in the midst of 
their college course for instruction in medicine, and I have in- 
variably directed them to finish the first before they entered 
upon the other. I know several who are now in good positions 
who never could have entered upon them had they neglected 
my advice, and all of them, I know, feel that they owe me a 
debt of gratitude for the advice which I gave them, and which 
they followed. A very large number of young men who seek 
office instruction would gladly follow the advice of preceptors; 
they wish to know what is necessary in the way of preparatory 
studies, and if not directed to the proper course, I doubt not 
they will in after years feel that they had not received the 
counsel which should have been given. Students who have 
been in preceptors’ offices, and read many medical books with- 
out the requisite preparatory education, appear for a time after 
they have entered the medical college to better advantage than 
others who have not read so much, but have the ability to ac- 16 
quire knowledge, and do so, and soon show their better culture. 
The editor of the “London Medical Times and Gazette” (Dec. 
1879) said recently, “A somewhat prolonged experience teaches 
us that of those who enter our schools from the surgery, and 
those who enter from the public school or college, the former 
may have for a short time the pull over their opponents, but the 
scientific training soon tells, and it is not long till the order is 
reversed.” 
It is safe to rest the utility of liberal studies on the testimony 
of history, which shows that the highest professional distinc- 
tion has so constantly followed it, and that the greatest advances 
in the profession have been made by those who have entered it 
with the best mental training. The early English writers in 
our profession enriched its literature as none could have done 
without their culture. 
The controversy relative to liberal studies is renewed in al- 
most every generation. You will be surprised to hear perhaps 
that in 1827 a resolution was passed at a meeting of the Presi- 
dent and Fellows of Yale College, appointing a committee to 
consider the expediency of dispensing with the study of the 
classics. At nearly the same time Amherst College proposed 
two parallel courses for graduation—one to include, the other 
to omit this study, but substituting other studies for that of the 
classics. The parallel course, however, was soon abandoned, 
and the classics required as a part of the curriculum. 
No propositions like these would be entertained in these in- 
stitutions now—Yale and Amherst still maintain their liberal cur- 
riculum—classical learning is not neglected, and the same is 
true of other colleges. In Michigan University, in 1879, 219 
students were studying Greek. Princeton and Harvard have 
maintained their liberal courses. 
The discussion has come up again within a few years past, 
but the friends have not been driven from the field, and as the 
smoke of this last battle is now passing away, the friends of 
liberal studies appear unharmed, and the good cause lives, and 
will be stronger for another contest, which will, it is not im- 
probable, arise again in the next generation. Horner, Xeno- 
phon, and Sophocles, Cicero, Yirgil, and Horace never had so 
many readers as they have this day, and the languages in which 17 
they wrote still inspire our youth, give beauty and strength to 
their thoughts, and culture for practical work; and it is good 
evidence of the estimate put upon classical learning. 
Further, a degree in the liberal arts would be accepted every- 
where as proof of the holder’s fitness to enter upon professional 
studies. The law of Harvard is, “Persons who hold no degree 
in arts or science must pass an examination for admission.” 
The same law would be observed wherever preliminary exami- 
nations are required, and all would hold that the studies of the 
college curriculum are a sufficient guarantee that the applicant 
is qualified to pursue the medical course, and is worthy to be 
introduced into the profession. 
I mention next a higher education of the people as a ground 
of encouragement to hope for greater advancement in our pro- 
fession. Our high schools and academies are now educating the 
masses, and the pupils will expect that those who practise medi- 
cine shall not fall below them in mental culture. The occa- 
sional success of the illiterate does not affect the truth of this 
statement, because they do not derive their support from the 
best educated classes of society ; this rather confirms the truth 
of the statement. Physicians are expected to take part in the 
various .societies and institutions the object of which is to pro- 
mote the intellectual advancement of the community in which 
they reside; and they must be prepared to give their support 
to every good work of this kind. Our educated merchants, 
manufacturers, and artists expect their physicians to be better 
educated than themselves, and they look to them as educated 
men for help in the various institutions which are sustained for 
intellectual and scientific culture. A young man who has 
passed through one of our public high schools would not enter- 
tain a very exalted opinion of the intellectual culture of a phy- 
sician who has not passed beyond a grammar school; and a girl 
who has been educated in the same way would be likely to re- 
member in her womanhood the doctor who had not opportuni- 
ties equal to her own. I have known young men to rely upon the 
possession of the medical degree as a passport to influential 
positions in society. The medical degree is what its holder 
makes it to be for himself, and is in this like all other gifts and 
possessions. A medical degree without the culture which it 18 
implies will not commend the doctor. The lack of culture, soon 
discerned, forbids the taking of a position which a member of 
a liberal profession should take, and in which he might make 
himself useful to the community. 
I have known the laity to determine the value of the degree 
in the case of individuals upon whom it had been conferred, and 
they decided upon its value on the ground of the impossibility 
of the individuals to merit it on account of the lack of proper 
preparatory education and mental ability; and they did not err, 
and the wonder to them was that the schools did not see that 
these persons as medical students were unworthy of the degree. 
There is a standard in the intelligent public mind to which mem- 
bers of the liberal professions are compared, and the present 
popular system of education will not permit that standard to be 
lowered. It is one of the encouragements of the times that this 
improved system of education will demand a higher education 
than was common prior to the adoption of our present common 
school system. The simple possession of the title conferred by 
the medical schools will not be a passport to the best positions 
in which the profession is to be pursued, nor will it give its 
owner the status due to a liberal culture when he does not pos- 
sess that culture.* The learned professions surely imply a 
liberal culture. 
No man was more practical than Dr. Franklin, or more in- 
terested in practical education, yet no one took more interest in 
the higher education. It is forgotten, when the work of his 
riper years is considered, how much he was indebted to such 
studies as we now commend. We must not forget that young 
Franklin in a grammar school pursued classical studies, and 
stood at the head of his class, and that he was by the circum- 
stances of his father prevented from going forward to a college 
course.f 
We must remember that he afterward studied navigation, 
* After this paragraph was written, I found the same thought expressed by 
the accomplished editor of the New York Medical Record. “ It is certain 
that with the increased intelligence of a people more will be demanded of a 
medical man, and this demand, history shows, has always been responded to.” 
(Medical Record, Feb. 7, 1880.) 
f Sparks’ “Life of Franklin,” p. 10. 19 
Locke on the Tinman Understanding, and the Art of Thinking 
by Messrs, de Port Royal, the Arts of Rhetoric and Logic, in 
the latter of which he learned the Socratic Method of dispute, 
of which he learned more in Xenophon’s Memorable Things of 
Socrates,* and attained an acquaintance with the French, Italian, 
and Spanish, and was surprised to find, in looking over a Latin 
Testament, that he understood more of that language than he 
had imagined, which encouraged him to apply himself again to 
the study of it, and he met with more success.f 
He organized a literary society—a Junto, which met weekly 
—composed of young men like himself, who delighted in the 
study of letters. Essays were read and discussed as in our col- 
lege literary societies to-day. Here his mind was cultivated, 
his taste improved, and a correct habit of conversation acquired. 
The society existed almost forty years, and Franklin himself 
says, “It was the best school of philosophy, morality, and poli- 
tics, that then existed in the province of Pennsylvania.”^: 
It is proper to refer to Dr. Franklin, on an occasion like the 
present, as the founder of this University. lie first called at- 
tention to the demands for a higher education. “ He drew up 
the plan of an Academy to be erected in the city of Philadel- 
phia, suited to the state of an infant country; but in this, as in 
all his plans, he confined not his views to the present time only, 
lie looked forward to the period when an institution on an 
enlarged plan would become necessary. With this view he 
considered his academy as a foundation for posterity to erect a 
seminary of learning more extensive and suitable for future 
circumstances.Ӥ 
He says, “The trustees of the Academy, after a while, were 
incorporated by a charter from the Governor; their funds were 
increased by contribution in Britain, and grants of land from 
the Proprietaries, to which the Assembly has since made con- 
siderable addition ; and thus was established the present Uni- 
versity of Philadelphia. I have been continued one of its 
trustees from the beginning, now near fortv years, and have had 
* Sparks’ “ Life of Franklin,” p. 20. 
t Ibid., p. 127. J Ibid., p. 82. 
§ Life of Franklin by Henry Stuber, Now York, 1825, p. 99. 20 
the very great pleasure of seeing a number of the youth, who 
have received their education in it, distinguished by their im- 
proved abilities, serviceable in public stations, and ornaments to 
their country.”* 
He was a patron of learning. Ilis influence is still felt in the 
library which he established—the American Philosophical So 
ciety which originated with him, and this University of which 
he was the founder. All are monuments of his appreciation of 
letters, and sciences, and evidences of his sentiments being dif- 
ferent from those of the reformers of education of the present 
day. He has left his estimate of classical learning in his pro- 
posals for an Academy. “ When youth are told that the great 
men, whose lives and actions they read in history, spoke two of 
the best languages that ever were, the jnost expressive, copious, 
beautiful; and that the finest writings, the most correct compo- 
sitions, the most perfect productions of human wit and wisdom, 
are in those languages, which have endured for ages, and will 
endure while there are men; that no translation can do them 
justice, or give the pleasure found in reading the originals; that 
those languages contain all science; that one of them is become 
almost universal, being the language of learned men in all 
countries; and that to understand them is a distinguishing 
ornament; they may be thereby made desirous of learning those 
languages, and their industry sharpened in the acquisition of 
them. All intended for divinity should be taught the Latin and 
Greek; for physic, the Latin, Greek, and French ; for law, the 
Latin and French.”f 
The reformers of education would have boys educated by the 
studies of the physical sciences, forgetting that the application 
of physics requires the highest mathematics. The mind must 
first be disciplined ere the study of the natural sciences can be 
pursued to advantage. They do not stand alone, separated from 
the circle of sciences, including mental philosophy and lan- 
guages. The sciences of Davy, Lavoisier, Black, Faraday, Buck- 
land, Playfair, Hutton, Scheele, Young, Henry, and Silliman are 
not school-boys’ early studies, to qualify them for professional 
* Sparks’ “ Life of Franklin, p. 161. 
f Ibid., Appendix, No. ILL, p. 574. 21 
life. The highest questions of philosophy are to be solved here ; 
and a great variety of studies must be mastered ere those who 
would pursue the study of these sciences can derive that benefit 
from them which will qualify them to make useful application 
of them. Professional studies are not pursued for mental dis- 
cipline, but for application in practical life. 
To the alumni of the Dental Department of this University, 
who joined with you in your invitation to me to deliver this 
address, I am happy to say that their profession has made 
great advances within the period of my professional life. Much 
of its work was done by men who had no knowledge whatever 
of the science of dentistry. In our smaller towns they appeared 
as itinerants who spoiled teeth, and left the place before the mis- 
chief was discovered, and never returned to hear their bad work 
spoken of. There were few advantages for study. We now 
have in the United States thirteen dental schools. In the best 
of them, connected with the medical colleges, the medical and 
dental students have the same studies during the first year, with 
the same examinations; later, more special studies, and courses 
vary from four to eight and a half months, and two courses are 
required before graduating. With these advantages Ave may be 
assured this department of our profession will continue to ad- 
vance. The formation of the American Academy of Dental 
Science indicates a purpose to sustain an elevated felloAA’ship; 
and the folloAving resolutions adopted at their meeting, October 
30, 1878, show that they intend to govern themselves by a 
proper code. 
“ Resolved, That the use of public prints for advertising 
pretended professional merit is derogatory to the dignity of 
the profession, and should be strongly discountenanced by its 
members. 
“ Resolved, That among regular practitioners any disparage- 
ment of their FcIIoavs to patients or the public is a serious in- 
fraction of true ethics, tends to lower the profession in public 
estimation, and to debase the individual detractors, and should 
be condemned by all Avho have the best interests of the profes- 
sion at heart.’'* 
* Boston Journal, Nov. 27. 1879, p. 778. 22 
American dentists have a good reputation abroad; and we 
trust that all who are educated in this institution will make 
themselves, by their character and scientific attainments, worthy 
of the good name we hope they may bear as its alumni. 
In conclusion, let me say that I believe that there has not 
been any period in the history of our profession in this country 
when the educated physician was held in higher esteem than he 
is to-day. A member of it who brings to it the qualifications 
which are universally conceded to belong to those who are its 
true votaries is everywhere welcomed to the best circles of so- 
ciety. He is welcomed on festive occasions to the homes of the 
families in which he ministers in times of sickness, and is counted 
among their dearest and best friends. The children grow up to 
love and respect him. He is often made the recipient of their 
choicest gifts, expressive of the love and gratitude of his patients, 
apart from the customary fee. I should count myself ungrateful 
to the public did I not give this as my testimony to the good 
feelings of our patrons towards us. 
As to their valuation of our services, it can be shown that 
better fees have never been received by the profession than we 
now receive, so that the material estimate put upon our services 
was never before so high. An aged physician, and one very 
competent to practise his profession, told me that in the early 
years of his professional life the fee for a visit was twelve-and- 
a-half cents, and his professional life overlapped my own for 
fifteen or twenty years. 
Dr. Fothergill, notwithstanding his sad report of the status of 
the profession in England, tells us that “in the United States of 
America a doctor holds at least a respectable status.”* What- 
ever might seek to elevate itself above us we may count the 
knowledge of this wonderful human frame, the ability to restore 
its health when disease assails it, the acquaintance with the 
laws of this beautiful world, so familiar to the educated phy- 
sician, as sufficient to maintain an honorable position among all 
classes and the other professions as well. 
Let us be hopeful for the future. The progress made in the 
profession during the period of which I have been speaking 
* Phila. Med. Times, Oct. 11, 1880, p. 11. 23 
encourages us to look for great advances in the years before us. 
If the course of study which so long produced physicians and 
surgeons who were equal to any educated in other lands; if 
the preparatory attainments, the diligence and careful study of 
•former students, made good practitioners, much more may we 
hope that, by proper preliminary education now insisted upon 
by examination long so necessary, and the right use by stu- 
dents of the extended courses and improved methods of study, 
society will be supplied with physicians who will be equal to 
the work they will be called to do. 
As alumni of our venerable Alma Mater, let us rejoice in her 
present prosperity; and as her sons come up from year to year 
to this annual festival may they bring as offerings the rich fruits 
which they gather in the fields in which they labor, and, offer- 
ing them with the best affections of dutiful sons, may they see 
her complete establishment among her daughters, and her sister 
institutions of our country, and that she is equal in character 
to those of other lands ! 
While the foregoing address was passing through the press 
the writer found the following report made in a New York 
letter to the Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner, and copied 
into the Boston Medical and'Surgical Reporter, Oct. 28, 1880:— 
“It is a fact useful to be noted in the cause of higher educa- 
tion, that in the competitions for the hospitals—competitions 
in which the best men of all the colleges enter—those who 
have had a previous academic training almost uniformly come 
out ahead. Five-sixths of the house-staffs on the large city 
hospitals are Bachelors or Masters of Arts. In these days, 
when the practical value of a classical education is so often 
doubted, I for one am glad to furnish a little evidence in its 
favor. At the last commencement of this University three of 
the four who took the thesis prize held the degree of A. B.; 
one of the same A. B.’s took the gold medal Anatomical Prize.” ANNUAL MEETING. 
University of Pennsylvania, 
March 13, 1880. 
I he Tenth Annual Meeting of the Society of the Alumni of the Medical 
Department of the University of Pennsylvania was held at 0 P. M. this day. 
Professor Wm. Pepper, M.D., in the chair. 
The minutes of the last annual meeting were read and approved. The re- 
port of the Executive Committee, in the absence of Dr. E. Hartshorne, was 
read by Dr. Cleemann, vide Report No. 1. 
The report of the Alumni Managers of the University Hospital was pre- 
sented and read by the same gentleman, vide Report No. 2. 
Dr. Sinkler, Treasurer, then presented his account, ride Report No. 3. 
Dr. Evans, Chairman of the Committee on Catalogue, reported that there 
was yet the sum of §172.75 of the printer’s bill unpaid. 
On motion these reports were accepted, and the following amendment of 
Section 8, Article III. of the Constitution, on recommendation of the Executive 
Committee, was unanimously adopted :— 
Section 8th of Article III. shall be amended by substituting the words “« 
tpecial" for the words u the annual'’ on the first line; and by the insertion of 
the words “ the month of February” after the word “ meeting” on the same 
line ; also bv the insertion of the word “ month” after the word “ anniversary” 
on the next line to the last. So as to make the amended section read as fol- 
lows :— 
Sec. 8. “ The Orator shall deliver, at a special meeting in the month of 
February succeeding his election, an appropriate discourse to the Society, or, 
in case of declination or inability to perform the duty, shall so inform the Ex- 
ecutive Committee as soon as practicable after his election, and not later than 
thirty days previous to the anniversary mouth for which he may have been 
elected.” 
Dr. William Pepper presented the following resolution, which was adopted, 
viz.: “That the President of this Society be requested to appoint, at his conve- 
nience, a committee consisting of live members of this Society, who shall con- 
fer with similar committees from the Alumni Societies of the other departments 
of the University, in regard to the creation of a central committee, who shall 
take into consideration questions relating to the general interests of the Uni- 
versity ; and, also, the particular subject whether it is practicable and advisable 26 
to provide some plan by which the Alumni of the various departments of the 
University of Pennsylvania shall have more real and influential connection 
with the administration of the Institution.” 
The resolutions in regard to the decease of Urs. Geo. B. AVood, Isaac Hays, 
and John Neill, as reported by the Executive Committee, were adopted, and 
the Secretary was ordered to transmit a copy of the same, with expressions of 
the sympathy of the Society, to their respective families. 
The tellers of the election reported the following as the officers for the 
ensuing year, 1880 :— 
President, John L. Atlee. 
Vice-Presidents 
Alfred StillIs, Meredith Clymer, W. S. W. 
Ruschenberger, Thomas J. Gallaher. 
Treasurer, Rush Shippen Huidekoper. 
Corresponding Secretary, H. R. Wharton. 
Recording Secretary, bio race Y. Evans. 
Hiram Corson, 
Andrew Nebinger, 
John H. Packard, 
H. Lenox Hodge, 
James H. Hutchinson, 
John Ashhurst, Jr., 
Wm. F. Norris, 
Samuel Ashhurst, 
Thomas J. Yarrow, 
R. A. Cleemann, 
James Tyson, 
Wm. Pepper, 
S. S. Stryker, 
Wharton Sinkler, 
Executive Committee. 
Charles T. Hunter, 
C. B. Nancrede, 
Louis Starr, 
C. M. Seltzer, 
Thomas H. Cathcart, 
John Whitehead. 
Orator, .1. Forsyth Meigs. 
The Annual Oration was then delivered by Prof. Traill Green, M.D., of 
Easton, Penna. 
After which it was resolved that the thanks of the Society be tendered to 
Prof. Green for his valuable address, and that it be requested for publication 
with the Proceedings of the Society. 
HORACE Y. EVANS, 
Recording Secretary. 
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
In submitting their Tenth Annual Report, the Executive Committee may rea- 
sonably look back upon the ten years’ history of this Society with encourage- 
ment and pride. They have good reason for congratulating their fellow-members 
upon their intimate and active association with the ten years’ progress of the 
Medical Department of the University since they first banded together as the 
Alumni Society. The stated object of this Association, to sustain and advance 
the interests and influence of that Department, “ by the promotion of senti- 
ments of general brotherhood and amity among the graduates, and by aiding 
in all efforts to elevate the standard of medical education and to extend the 
progress of medical science and art,” has been well adhered to. The gather- 
ing of the graduates of the school at the commencement of 1870 was the result 
and expression of a demand for improvement which had long been growing in 27 
depth anti strength—of a sense of need that required only such an organized 
vitality to spring at once into an activity which has justified the movement to 
an extent which is beyond the most sanguine expectations of those who started 
it. 
Step has followed step, with steady and certain, and often rapid pace, until 
we already have before us an amount of permanent and successful progress 
which no one would have ventured to predict ten years ago. 
Let us summarize the salient features only. The admirable hospital and dis- 
pensary buildings and arrangements ; the spacious and well-adapted and beau- 
tiful Medical Department buildings, new as well as old, with their ample labo- 
ratories for every practical purpose, including the new anatomical rooms which 
are probably unexcelled if equalled; the time-honored and noble Wistar and 
Ilorner Museum, with its collections of specimens and means and appliances, 
and those belonging to the different chairs, unequalled in America in extent and 
value, of every possible kind; the enlargement of the Faculty by additional 
professorships of purely clinical and special character; the thorough, practical 
and special training, and more extended theoretical instruction in graded 
courses ; the liberal endowments by which these extensions have been secured ; 
the preliminary education henceforth to be required ; the superior merit of the 
graduation essays under the stimulus of competition as well as the better means 
of learning and of engaging in original research, due not only to the laboratory 
facilities and study, but to the invaluable opportunities of the Stilly library; 
the marked advance also in the intellectual character and attainment of the 
classes, and in their preparation for examinations, whether final and general, 
for the degree or in the successive terms; and last in order, but neither least 
nor latest, the effect of these changes for the better already evident upon the 
highest class of students and upon the community, in expressed and practical 
appreciation, and the similar effect of the good example and its unmistakable 
success, upon other schools of medicine;—all of these lire welcome proofs of 
progress for which we, as a society, working separately and together, have the 
best right to claim a large share of credit. 
They seem to ns now, in their ten years’ development, only natural and proper. 
They amply prove, at all events, how well was recognized the actual demand 
for progress, and how little else was needed than the systematic effort, and the 
earnest appeal to a community already more than ripe for action, to arouse 
and stimulate the well-directed movement of the Trustees and Faculty of the 
University in aid and behalf of which this Society was started. 
We need not occupy the time in dwelling on details either as to particular 
measures or their mode of operation. These are already, for the most part, 
matters of record and notoriety, and are excellently presented in the Annual 
Announcement. It will suffice to refer in a few words to the practical results 
in the status for the present graduating term. This we are very glad, but not 
surprised, to learn is satisfactory in all respects. The excellence of the theses 
is well maintained, and that of the examinations has been especially gratifying 
to the Faculty. 
The term just ended was the first in which all had entered as matriculates on 28 
the three year and graded plan, except the graduates and advanced students 
from ad eundem schools; and hence the class was the first one composed in 
great part of beginners on the extended and graded course of study. But in- 
stead of being smaller, as expected by many on that account, it was the 
largest the school has yet had. This increase is only in accordance with the 
growth in each succeeding year since the new curriculum began three years ago. 
It is characterized, and we may say emphasized, also in the same manner by 
the gradual accession of graduates and advanced students from other medical 
schools. There is nothing in these facts, nor is there anything in the experi- 
ence of the Faculty, to suggest or justify the idea of discouragement as to the 
working of the graded plan, or to militate against its preference as the natural 
and most effective one. On the contrary, the testimony of pupils and teachers 
is strongly in its favor. 
In short, the advantage, in every sense, of the progressive policy of our 
honored Alma Mater, in every step yet taken, is already so obvious and encour- 
aging that it must go on hereafter by its own momentum. It will go on to 
prosper, and to stimulate its own inherent growth and expansion, in spite of all 
misapprehension and undervaluing from without, and—what is even more to 
be objected to—of indifference and want of confidence within, the ranks of the 
reformers and best friends of the school. 
We need not be reminded that the mission of this Society is yet only in its 
early youth—that it is not only far from being done; but that, in our day at 
least, it is not likely to be done. Non progredi est regredi. Not to go for- 
ward is to go backward. These must be our watchwords ! 
The latest advance ordered is the preliminary requirement as to intellectual 
education. This is intended to secure a moderate and reasonable amount of 
academical or scholastic training, in habits of study and observation, which is 
notoriously essential to the competent student of medicine, and which very few 
University pupils, if any of latter days at least, have been without. It is to be 
hoped, however, that experience may very soon suggest that this preliminary 
standard may be so raised as to include some amount of acquirement not even 
yet demanded, and thus to advance the preliminary test to where we think it 
ought to be, and might be even now, without material discouragement of any 
kind, and with direct advantage to the school. 
The prolongation of the sessions is another improvement which is doubtless 
contemplated in the near future, and cannot be long deferred. The extension 
of the whole term of study, beyond the present and still insufficient limit of 
three years, of course must come in time. Additional chairs, on subjects 
already excellently taught in the auxiliary summer course, so far as the time 
allows, as Hygiene, Medical Jurisprudence, and others, but especially these two 
important branches—Hygiene and Medical Jurisprudence—should be estab- 
lished without delay. 
The students of dentistry should be required to take the entire medical course, 
so as to fulfil the whole object of the department in elevating the standard, by 
obliging all to attain beyond a question the place in the fraternity, which many 
now deserve and all should desire to hold, as genuine graduates in medicine. 29 
These are some of the advances which are earnestly desired, and must be kept 
in view as imperatively needed, to sustain the growing strength and reputation 
of our Alma Mater. 
But for these high purposes her children must support her and help her on. 
The aid and comfort in the struggle must come from the Alumni and their 
friends. They must come, mostly if not entirely, through the efforts, singly 
and together, directly and indirectly, of active and sympathizing members of 
this Society. 
Endowments must be sought for other chairs like that which so appropriately 
honors and preserves the memory of John Rhea Barton in the Chair of Surgery. 
This memorial philanthropy is obviously the most effective as it is the most 
humane and attractive form of intellectual beneficence. It is the surest and 
most elevated means of perpetuating at once the monumental tribute of the 
benefactor and the prosperous influence of the school. 
The classes must be increased, by individual effort also, in spreading the fame 
of the especial merits of the University course. The community at large, which 
after all is the party most concerned, must be interested as much as practicable, 
at every opportunity. It must be roused into the cordial good-will which 
needs only an intelligent attention to the self-evident effect of the progressive 
enterprise of the Trustees and the Faculty, and the consequently higher aims 
and attainments of the pupils of the school. No occasion should be lost for 
impressing the common-sense idea that the advanced teaching of the University 
is so much superior in reputation and advantages that the community in gene- 
ral, and the students in particular, are bound alike to foster and resort to it. 
The sum of the matter is, then, that although much has been done and well 
done, much remains undone; so that this is no time for us to fold our hands in 
satisfaction either at the progress hitherto or at the present flattering success. 
Our Alma Mater must not only prosper in her undertaking,—she must go for- 
ward. She must be upheld and hastened onward, not merely by approval and 
congratulations—her children must put their shoulders to the wheel and keep 
them there without a pause, except to gather force, in the contest with the 
fears and prejudice and the inertness which are ever standing, like the prover- 
bial lion, in the pathway of reform. 
As already stated, the graduating essays of f 879 were characteristically worthy. 
The Committee had the pleasure of presenting the annual prize as usual. It 
was divided between Thomas Holmes Catheart, M.D., of Pennsylvania, and 
David Cerna, M.l)., of Mexico, these gentlemen being considered equally de- 
serving. The undivided prize was, at the same time, awarded to William (i. 
Davis, M.D., of Pennsylvania. The Committee are glad also to report seven 
graduates as having received awards of distinguished merit, and eight of hon- 
orable mention. 
The report of essay honors for the present year is expected to be quite as 
creditable to the class of 1880. It assures us of the continued superioritv of 
tin1 essay writing, notwithstanding the high character of the examination record. 
This pari passu improvement in proficiency with that in theses, which has con- 
tinued as predicted in a former report, therefore fails to justify the fear sug- 30 
gested at one time that the general interest in study might be interfered with 
by the particular interest in essay competition. The fact is that improvement 
in one respect is the natural accompaniment of improvement in the other, and 
that both are the logical results of the successful efforts of the school, as ex- 
pressed in the same report (for 1878), “to provide for the thorough theoretical 
and practical training in each and every branch to an extent which has not hith- 
erto been equalled in this country.” 
In further illustration of these efforts we propose to submit presently the brief 
Annual Report of the Alumni Managers of the University Hospital, and to 
present the much more elaborate and exhaustive Annual Report of the Gene- 
ral Board of Managers of the Hospital, which is now ready for distribution. 
Both of these, and especially the larger one, exhibit a large amount of useful 
work accomplished in the wards and dispensaries for purely beneficiary pur- 
poses ; but they afford a very limited idea of the real amount and importance 
of the clinical instruction—demonstrative, illustrative, and practical—which has 
been imparted in the different wards and rooms. None but those who have 
watched the different sections of the classes absorbed in their most interesting, 
because individually personal and practical, exercises can form an idea, not only 
of the vastly more successful mode of teaching but of the vastly larger amount, 
in detail and in general, in theory and application, that is regularly taught. 
It need hardly be said that this truly industrial and technical activity is more 
striking in the various laboratories, because more easily and fully applicable, 
than in the wards and lecture rooms of the Hospstal; and yet it is none the less 
attractive and important, since, careful subdivision of the classes has greatly 
lessened the difference, as to separate and personal instruction, between the 
sick wards and the work-rooms. 
Turning now to other matters, the Committee have again to remind the 
Alumni of the fact that a considerable part of the edition of the Alumni Cata- 
logue oi'dered by the Society remains unsold and still unpaid for. The report 
of the Committee on the Catalogue, to be read presently, will show the actual 
state of the account to which the attention of the members is requested. The 
current expenses of the Society are wholly restricted to the ordinary printing 
and the essay prize. But, as the annual subscriptions amount to little more 
than enough to meet these moderate demands, the extra tax upon the treasury 
from this unsettled bill, for the printing of the Catalogue, has become a burden 
which ought to be removed. 
Another subject for consideration is the proposition to change the day for the 
delivery of the Annual Address. This anniversary oration has hitherto been 
delivered on the day before Commencement, as the natural and appropriate 
occasion for the purpose. For various reasons this day has been found incon- 
venient ; so that the assembling of a suitable audience is uncertain and too often 
incompatible with the other calls upon those most interested in the day. After 
different attempts, both as to hour and place, without encouraging results, the 
Committee have determined to propose the middle or latter part of the Winter 
Session as the most convenient time for an evening meeting and a proper audi- 31 
cnee. For this purpose they beg leave to submit an amendment to the Consti- 
tution, which accompanies this report. 
The object of this amendment is to substitute, for the annual meeting, a 
special meeting on some evening of the month of February of each year, as 
the occasion for the annual address, the particular day of the month being left 
unstated, so as to allow for the selection according to convenience from year to 
year. 
In conclusion, it becomes our duty to place upon the record the loss the So- 
ciety has incurred, since the last annual meeting, in the decease of ten of our 
fellow-alumni. All of them were favorably known ; and some were especially 
distinguished, two of them towering above the others—in letters and science 
and professional honor—its grand masters of our fraternity. 
The first in order is the late venerated President of this Society, Emeritus 
Professor George B. Wood, who died March 30, 1879, aged 82 years. Dying 
in the fulness of his age, and after a long interval of infirmity, his departure is 
not to be regretted as a personal affliction; and yet the severance of the tie 
which has united so many of us with him, in the last and most absorbing in- 
terest of his life, and as the honored head of this Society, is not to be thought 
of without sorrow. To some of us this tie is a bond of nearly half a century’s 
growth, to many that of more than a generation, and to all it must be that of 
a memory of good works and exalted precepts, and generous benefactions, 
which must long survive our day. Among the distinguished members of 
this Society who have gone from us—a list already large—in the first ten 
years, it is well known that there is not one whose name has been so closely 
identified with this Society in its aims, objects, and action, or so highly honored 
in association with our Alma Mater and with our scientific and professional 
bodies. To say more than this of Professor Wood, especially at this time and 
place, would be idle and unbecoming repetition of what has been already said 
elsewhere, and has long been familiar to the members of this Society. Our 
duty is fulfilled in the resolutions here submitted. 
Resolved, That this Society takes the earliest occasion, after the decease of 
its lamented President, Emeritus Professor George B. Wood, to express the 
entire and deep-felt sympathy of its members with the various learned, scien- 
tific, charitable, and other public bodies, of which he was so prominent a mem- 
ber, in their action in relation to his death. 
Resolved, That, although prevented by declining strength from taking part 
in bur public meetings and executive councils, no one was more interested in 
onr action, and more constantly and materially instrumental in forwarding the 
objects of this Society. So long as increasing age and infirmity allowed he 
continued with his Alumni brethren, as lie expressed it in his last written words 
to them : “Always present in spirit, although absent in the body.” Trusting that 
the influence of that spirit may ever dwell with us in its purity and power, we 
treasure the lesson taught by his good works, and gratefully cherish the memory 
of his many tokens of good-will towards men in his regard for his Alma Mater. 32 
Within two weeks of the decease of Dr. Wood, the Society was again de- 
prived, in the death of Dr. Isaac Hays, on the 12th of April, 1879, in the 83d 
year of his age, of another of the truly great men of the age, a former Vice- 
President of this Society, and the only member who ranked in years and merit 
as the peer of Dr. Wood. Pur nobile fratrum, however trite the phrase, 
comes unbidden to our thoughts, at the view of this companionship in death of 
the two leaders in so much that was honorable and exalting, alike in letters 
and science and morals, as exemplified in our profession. They were the last 
and by no means the least of a galaxy of brilliant and distinguished men, the 
best years of whose lives were devoted to similar work. As journalists, au- 
thors, teachers, and practitioners all have combined “to shed lustre on the 
name and fame’’ of Philadelphia, and to add to that of the University of 
Pennsylvania which had sent them forth. 
As the veteran editor of the American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 
from its foundation over half a century ago, Dr. Hays has been the leader of 
this host throughout their professional lives, not only surviving every one, but 
still seated in the editorial chair until his only remaining compeer had been 
carried to the grave. More than fifty years ago he had stated that their “ object 
Avas to advance the interests of medical science, to foster and de\relop native 
talent, to disseminate useful medical knoAvledge, to elevate the character and 
dignity of the profession, and to supply a want deeply felt by the American 
practitioner.” How Avell this object has been fulfilled need not be stated here. 
To dwell further on a history, so rich and so familiar to this company, Avould 
be a waste of time and words. We, therefore, submit the resolutions:— 
Resolved, That in the death of Dr. Isaac Hays, the late venerable editor of 
the American Journal of the Medical Sciences, and recently Vice-President of 
this Society, Ave mourn the loss of the most distinguished of the then living 
University Alumni, and one of the most revered and valued members in the 
world of the profession Avhose best interests he so ably and faithfully defended 
and advanced. 
Resolved, That the influence and example of his Avhole course, for more 
than half a century of constant editorial, literary, scientific, and professional 
activity of the highest character, cannot be estimated in their value to the Pro- 
fession and its institutions, not only of this country but of the Avhole world. 
Resolved, That we cherish his memory, in common Avith that of our late 
President, as of one of the ablest, earliest, and most poAverful advocates of the 
elevation of the standard of medical education in America ; and Ave derive 
much consolation from the fact that they both surviAred long enough to enjoy 
some measure of reAvard in the recent advancement of their Alma Mater, and 
the certainty of the progress which was so near to their heart. 
Next in the order of announcements come the names of five junior members 
of the Society: Dr. Jas. M. Boisnot, W. Mason Turner, F. G. Smyth, J. K. 
Uhler, and B. B. Yokum—all Avorthy men, and all of whom, except the last 
and youngest, are well knoAvn as active members of the Society for some years 
past. 33 
The three senior members not yet named are Drs. Chas. Evans and Edward 
Peace and Emeritus Professor of Clinical Surgery I)r. John Neill. l)rs. Chas. 
Evans and Edward Peace had passed their three-score-and-ten, and had long 
retired from active life. They will be remembered as much respected and useful 
men, each of high character and reputation in his particular sphere ; Dr. Evans 
as for many years the faithful and distinguished attending physician to the 
Frankford Asylum for the Insane; and Dr. Peace as, for many years also, a 
sagacious, accomplished, and eminently practical attending surgeon to the Penn- 
sylvania Hospital, and lecturer on surgical diseases. 
The last to be recorded is the death of Dr. John Neill, Emeritus Professor 
of Clinical Surgery and formerly Demonstrator of Anatomy, in the University, 
who died on the 11th of February, 1880, after a long and distressing illness, in 
his sixty-first year. 
It is unnecessary to repeat what has so recently been published, in regard to 
our late Fellow, of his prominent professional career in hospitals and schools, 
and other fields of service. The older members of this Society will all remem- 
ber with pleasure, along with his genial companionship, his clear and animated 
demonstrations in the dissecting-rooms and the anatomical theatre of the old 
University medical hall, and his no less interesting and earnest expositions, 
and ready and skilful operations, at the Pennsylvania Hospital. His appoint- 
ment to the Chair of Clinical Surgery, on its institution as a separate professor- 
ship, was gratifying to his friends, as a gain to the teaching of the school quite 
as much as on his personal account. He prepared for its responsible duties, 
with characteristic alacrity, in reviving and rearranging the valuable collection 
of pathological and other material for illustrating purposes which is now, in the 
AN istar and Ilorner Museum, a valuable memento of his scientific industry and 
skill and devotion to the practical objects of his chair, lint he was soon destined 
to disappointment. An insidious disorder gradually sapped his energy and 
obliged him to retire at the end of his second year of service, and to accept the 
seat of Emeritus Professor. From this sad eminence he has since followed his 
honored preceptors and associates, Professors Jackson, Hodge, Carson, Gurney 
Smith, and NVood, all of whom have left us in the last ten years. 
Wo submit the following resolutions : — 
Resolved. That this Society receives with sincere regret the announcement 
of the death of Doctor John Neill, Emeritus Professor of Clinical Surgery, and 
formerly Demonstrator of Anatomy, in the University. 
Resolved, That the retirement of Dr. Neill was regretted at the time, not 
only on his personal account but as the loss of an able and accomplished teacher 
at a critical period in the development of the practical system of instruction 
just started in the school. 
lit-solved. That, although reconciled bv his long and painful illness to its re- 
cent close in death, we nevertheless deplore his removal as that of an associate 
whose genial and earnest character, and ever active and intelligent interest in 
his professional and scientific work, and whose loyal devotion to his Alma Mater, 
have endeared him to their memory. 34 
Resolved, That a copy of this minute be communicated to the family with 
the respectful sympathy of the Society. 
Resolved, Also, that copies of the minutes relating to the deaths respectively 
of Professor Wood and Doctor Isaac Hays be communicated to their families 
with the respectful sympathy of the Society. 
In behalf of the Executive Committee. 
EDWARD HARTSHORNE, 
Chairman. 
The Alumni Managers of the University Hospital respectfully submit the 
following Annual Report:— 
The Hospital has successfully continued the usual routine, in the care of the 
sick and wounded inmates of the wards and private rooms, and of the out- 
patients in the different dispensary departments. In the discharge of this duty 
a very large amount and variety of clinical instruction have been given to nu- 
merous subdivisions of the University medical classes. For this purpose all 
the public patients of the wards and dispensaries have been more or less avail- 
able, the pay patients in the private rooms being of course excused, unless will- 
ing to be exhibited, for the sake of the experience, in the interests of science. 
A glance at the list of dispensaries will afford some idea of the opportunities 
thus provided. We find, in addition to the general medical and general surgical 
departments, in which all the ordinary ailments and injuries are dealt with, 
departments of Gynecology, of Nervous Diseases, Diseases of the Eye, Diseases 
of the Ear, Diseases of the Throat, Diseases of Children, an Orthopoedic and a 
Venereal department. From each and all of these departments cases are culled 
for demonstration in the wards and lecture rooms, and, if need be, for treatment 
and observation in the wards. 
The whole number of patients treated in the Medical Dispensary proper for 
the year was 2070; and in the Surgical Dispensary proper, 928. In the differ- 
ent special dispensaries the whole number was 2733 ; making a total of 5731 
out-patients, with an aggregate of 22,459 visits, in the course of the year. The 
number of cases treated in the wards, in the course of the year, was 704, pre- 
senting every form of disease and injury, and requiring in the Surgical depart- 
ment a very large amount of operative treatment, the greater part of which was 
open to the class. The ten rooms for private patients were mostly occupied, 
throughout the year, by surgical, medical, or gynajcological patients. These 
private rooms have proved interesting to the Hospital staff, and of great value 
to patients desirous of securing special professional care and good nursing, at 
moderate cost and without the discomforts of hotels and boarding-houses. 
From the statement of Dr. Hamel, the Superintendent, we learn that, in- 
cluding $9733.87 for board of patients and from payments in the Dispensary, 
there have been received in 1879 from all sources, of endowment income, con- 
tributions and donations, $20,502.93. Of this income $18,061.47 have been 
REPORT OF THE ALUMNI MANAGERS OF THE HOSPITAL. 35 
expended for the household, and $2152.98 for the medical and surgical require- 
ments, leaving a balance of $288.48. 
The Hospital is kept in excellent order, and is administered with the utmost 
economy consistent with the needs of such an institution, especially engaged as 
it is in clinical demonstration and instruction, and exposed to the consequent 
ingress and egress of crowds of visitors from day to day, as well as to greater 
cost for dressings and other therapeutic demands. Much of the good order and 
economy arc due to the watchful care of the Superintendent and Matron, and 
to the active interest of the lady visitors and of the Hoard of Managers. 
Efforts have been made for some time past to secure the endowment of a de- 
partment for Chronic Diseases and so-called incurables. There is no doubt as 
to tin* value and present need of such provision for this always interesting and 
too much neglected class of sufferers. Nor is there any doubt as to the im- 
portance of securing patients of this character as objects of clinical study, since 
the care of such cases constitutes a large and very important portion of ordinary 
practice. For this purpose, $100,000 are required to begin with, $54,100 of 
which have already been subscribed ; but as each bed requires a principal en- 
dowment of not less than $5000, or an income of $.'100 a year, the sum asked 
for will provide only for twenty beds. Even this, however, would be a great 
gain to the Hospital, in its character of a charitable institution quite as much as 
that of a clinical school. 
, The Endowment Fund of the Hospital available for permanent income, ac- 
cording to the statement of the Treasurer, amounts to $202,445.48, together 
with a lot of city property valued at $50,000, but at present unproductive. 
This fund is entirely inadequate for the general hospital expenditure. It 
must be continually supplemented with the receipts from pay patients and the 
dispensary, and with voluntary contributions in money and material. We must 
not forget that the University Hospital, like most hospitals, depends largely 
for its usefulness upon the aid afforded from time to time by generous friends. 
The Alumni Ward Fund remains but little more than the $10,000 originally 
collected, although several alumni have handsomely contributed, with other 
benefactors, to the current expenses of the Hospital in periods of emergency. 
It is earnestly desired that they may be followed in this excellent example by 
other members of this Society, not only in occasional contributions but in per- 
manent additions to the Ward Fund. 
In conclusion, we beg leave to invite attention to the very interesting and 
comprehensive Annual Report which has been published by the Hoard of Man- 
agers of the Hospital, and is now ready for distribution. 
EDWARD HAItTSHORNE, 
R. A. CLEEMANN, 
H. Y. EVANS, 
Alumni Managers. 36 
REPORT OF THE TREASURER. 
Wharton Sinkler, Treasurer, in Account with the Alumni 
Association. 
Du. 
March 11, 1879. To balance from previous account . . $107 65 
“ “ 1880. To dues collected since March 11, 1879 . 264 00 
$371 65 
Cr. 
March 11, 1879. By cash for Alumni Prize .... $100 00 
“ 18, 1879. “ to Dr. Cleemann, Sec’y Account . 9 76 
“ 25, 1879. “ T. K. Collins, Catalogue Account . 100 00 
April “ H. Y. E vans, Secretary . . 4 00 
“ “ Dr. Wharton, Secretary . . 8 02 
“ “ Collins, printing annual address . 70 51 
“ “ Collins, other printing . . . 12 75 
“ “ Treasurer, postage, etc. . . 7 40 
. $312 44 
By balance ........ 59 21 
371 65 
NOTICE. 
In renewing the annual invitation to their fellow Alumni to join them in the 
effort to advance the objects of the Society by taking an active part in it as 
members and by increasing the membership throughout the country, the Ex- 
ecutive Committee consider it unnecessary, now, to dwell upon the action of 
the Society which has established a claim to a material share in the credit for 
the recent progress of their professional Alma Mater. Their earnest desire is 
to urge the claims of the Society upon the interest and support of their fellow- 
graduates—and especially to call the attention of all who have not yet come 
forward, to the importance of joining its ranks as active members. 
To all of those, therefore, who have not yet united with us in this associa- 
tion, we cordially renew our annual invitation to forward their names (under 
the usual conditions for identification and of good standing) to the Correspond- 
ing Secretary of the Society or to the Secretary of the Faculty of the Medi- 
cal Department of the University. 
For the information of the graduates, generally, as to the method of secu- 
ring membership in the Society, the following extracts from the Constitution 
are here appended. 37 
ARTICLE V.—Members. 
Skct. 1. The members shall consist of graduates of the Medical, and of the 
Dental, Departments of the University of Pennsylvania. 
Skct. 2. Any graduate, in good standing, may become a member of this 
Society by signing the Constitution and paying to the Treasurer the sum of 
one dollar. 
Skct. 8. Honorary members may be selected at any stated meeting of the 
Society. 
Skct. 4. Any member of the Society who has paid his annual assessments 
for five years, upon paying the sum of five dollars, and any other graduate in 
good standing, upon paying the sum of ten dollars—each in lieu of the annual 
dues—may become a life-member of the Society ; the funds arising from such 
payments to be invested for the benefit of the Society. 
ARTICLE VII.—Payments. 
Skct. 1. Every member shall, on signing the Constitution, pay into the hands 
of the Treasurer the sum of one dollar, which shall be his first annual contribu- 
tion ; and there shall be an annual contribution of one dollar. 
Skct. 2. Any member who shall, for two successive years, decline the pay- 
ment of his annual assessment, shall be de facto dropped from the list of mem- 
bers. 
ARTICLE VIII.—Of Local Societies. 
Skct. 1. A Local Society of the Alumni of the Medical Department of the 
University of Pennsylvania may be instituted in any district (composed of a 
city, township, county, or group of townships or counties of one or more States) 
in which there may be at least five resident Alumni. 
Skct. 2. The objects of such Local Society shall be those of the Society of 
the Alumni, and may include the exercises, for professional improvement, of 
other medical societies. 
Skct. 8. The Local Society shall be instituted by the members of the So- 
ciety of the Alumni residing in the district, who may have agreed upon an or- 
ganization and a code of regulations for this purpose, a certified copy of such 
organization and regulations, signed by not less than five of said members, 
having been accepted and approved by the Executive Committee. 
Sect. 4. The Local Society shall be organized by the election of a Presi- 
dent and Secretary, and of such other ofiicers as may be considered necessary, 
the election of the President and Secretary to take place annually, and to be 
subject to the confirmation of the Executive Committee, the certificate of elec- 
tion having been signed by a quorum of not less than five members of the 
Society present at the meeting for election. 
Skct. 5. The President of every Local Society of the Alumni shall be ex- 
officio Local Vice-President of the Society of the Alumni, and, as such, an 
ex-officio member of the Executive Committee; provided, that no Local Vice- 38 
President shall become responsible for any action of the Executive Committee, 
except what may have been agreed upon by said Committee in his presence. 
Sect. 6. The Secretary of the Local Society shall keep a list of the names 
of the officers and members of his Society, and of the Alumni residing in his 
district; he shall notify the Recording Secretary of the Society of the Alumni 
of all changes in the list, from any cause ; he shall assist the Treasurer of the 
Society of the Alumni in the collection of dues from the members of the So- 
ciety on his list; and shall aid his fellow-officers and members in obtaining new 
members, and in developing an interest in the general objects of the Society 
among the Alumni of the University and other graduates in medicine within 
their reach. He shall have charge of the correspondence of his Local Society, 
and shall submit an annual report to the Executive Committee of the Society 
of the Alumni at the stated meeting in February of each year. He shall be 
ex-officio a member of said Executive Committee, but shall not be held respon- 
sible for the action of this Executive Committee, unless he shall have been 
present during the taking of such action. 
Officers of the Executive Committee. 
Chairman, James H. Hutchinson,* 
Vice-Chairman, Charles T. Hunter, 
Secretary, ex-off. H. R. Wharton. 
Officers of Local Societies. 
Who are Ex-officio Members of the Executive Committee. 
Richard R. Rogers, President of the Trenton (N. J.) Local Society, and 
Ex-officio Local Vice-President of the Society of the Alumni. 
Charles P. Britton, Secretary and Treasurer of the Trenton (N. J.) Lo- 
cal Society. 
James Fowler, of Columbia, Tenn. Secretary of the Jj)cal Society. 
Benjamin H. Riggs, of Selma, Ala., Secretary of the Local Society. 
G. Owen, of Mobile, Ala., Secretary of the Local Society. 
H. Smith, of New Orleans, La., Secretary of the Local Society. 
* Vice Dr. Edward Hartshorne declining re-election to the Executive Committee.