AJST ADD/IE88 
m 
HENRY 15ERGH, ESQ.., 
President of the American Society for the Prevention of 
Cruelty to Animals. 
ENTLEMEN: It id an undeniable fact, which each one of you no 
doubt recognizes, that domestic animals are the indispensable 
population of the farm, and form its principal riches. Without 
these creatures, Agriculture is no longer possible. It follows, there- 
fore, that it is the duty, and policy of Agricultural Societies, to im- 
press upon the minds of cultivators of the soil, the necessity of employing the 
best means in their power, for the improvement of their stock, their care, and 
their humane and intelligent utilization. Every living creature has assigned 
to it a limit of endurance and power, and 'whoever attempts to exceed it, 
commits a blunder and a sin, which is certain to avenge itself, at a cost vastly 
disproportionate to the advantage contemplated. 
There is a perfectly natural accord betw een this admirable Society of yours, 
gentlemen, and the one w hich I have the honor to represent. You seek to 
make the w'orld profit by the labor of the toiling animal; we, to protect and 
preserve its powers, from that cruel deterioration consequent on unreasonable 
treatment. We, therefore, should be—as I trust we are—the best of friends. 
That agriculture may reap the full benefit of the labor of the brute creation, 
it is essential to estimate carefully the distance to be traveled, the weight to 
be carried, and the number of hours in the day, and the days in the wreek, to 
which their strength may be profitably applied. There is a universal law, 
affecting the material interests of living and inanimate things, and that is 
Economy. Transgress this law in any of its relations to this world’s affairs, 
and it speedily avenges itself; by wasted physical power, deterioration of the 
elements of production, sterility and death. Agriculture prospers quite as 
much by the law of repose as by the law of labor. 
Your farms, gentlemen, as you are aware, require nourishment and rest 
quite as regularly—if at greater intervals—as do your teams of horses and 
oxen. Subject these latter to twenty hours of labor daily, and it requires but 
a short time to satisfy you of its unprofitableness, if not immorality. It is a 
stupid delusion to suppose that any of the law’s of the Creator of all things, 
can be subverted or disobeyed by mankind with impunity. 
You may overwork, overload, or overdrive your patient and submissive ani- 
mal, but you abstract so much wealth from your possession by so doing. The 
laws of vital economy are aptly illustrated by a little story which I remember 
to have read somewhere, in substance as follows: A youth and an old man 
start off together on a long journey, the former mounted on a jet black fiery charger, the latter on a quiet, undemonstrative gray nag. At the start, the 
black steed was soon out of sight, and ere a quarter of the journey wTas per- 
formed by the steady old gray, already had the youth put one-half the road 
behind him. Thus they journeyed on, until at length the old man, on looking 
up, thought he discerned in the distance a dark moving spot, which suggested 
to his mind the possibility of his young friend having met with some acci- 
dent, and had been compelled to moderate his speed. As he progressed, the 
dark speck became more and more distinct, until at last it assumed the form 
and aspect of a horse and rider, which soon thereafter resolved itself into 
what had been at the start his dashing companion; but, alas! how changed! 
Where were now the freshness, vigor, and impatient confidence which charac- 
terized the onset—where the spirit, elegance, and proud assurance of the 
start ? Gone! all gone! and in their stead, pallor, exhaustion, and dismay ! 
And so, they reached the appointed goal at the same instant of time; the black 
steed and its rider broken, strained and weary; and the old man and his plod- 
ding servant, tired, it is true, but ready for a future journey. 
I am admonished, by the brevity of time allotted me to address you to-day, 
that if I would present to you, even the most rapid enumeration only, of 
the pecuniary interests affected by a disregard of the rights of the lower 
animals, I must exercise dispatch. 
So interwoven with, and dependent on the brute creation, is the prosperity 
and even life of mankind, that often the meanest insect and bird stands senti- 
nel over their property. It would astonish and confound an individual, 
addicted to the wanton destruction of little birds, for example, to learn the 
value to agriculture of these seemingly insignificant creatures. Permit me to 
cite an example of the inappreciable utility of only one of them, the martin, 
a species of sparrow. From the loth of April to the 29th of August, eighteen 
of these birds were once killed, in the stomachs of which were discovered not 
less than 8,690 insects, destructive to the produce of the farm : which gives 
for each day and bird, a total of 483 insects destroyed. 
Even though the senseless butchery of these feathered friends of man, were 
done under the pretence of supplying food for the table ; imagine, if you can, 
how many bushels of wheat, or barrels of wine, or bales of cotton, are repre- 
sented in each of these little victims ! 
It may be truthfully said, that Lucullus, in all his glory, never made 
such a costly repast; and to find a parallel to such luxury, it is necessary to 
cite the famous pearl-feast of Cleopatra! Nor is this war of extermination 
carried on alone by men; but children, of that age, as La Fontaine says, “ which 
is without pity,” take part in this wanton savagery, by destroying the nests 
and killing the helpless young of these unpaid servants of the tillers of the 
soil. 
Let us see what wre protect when we defend the brute creation. Take only 
four species of animals for example. In 1800 there were in the United States— 
9,000,000 of Horses and Mules. 
29,000,000 of Neat Cattle. 
24,000,000 of Sheep 
37.000,000 of Swine, 
Their aggregate value was $1,000,000,000, having doubled in ten years. One- 
tenth of this sum was owned in the State of New York. Their annual revenue, 
calculating 12,000,000 working horses, mules, and yokes of oxen, at 50 cents 
per day for 300 working days only, is one billion, eight hundred millions 
of dollars per annum! To this must be added their flesh and other pro- 
ducts of their bodies, making a total revenue of over $2,000,000,000, almost 
as much as our national debt! That from fowl is projmrtionately great. This 
is the mere mercenary point of view; the moral is even more remarkable. 
In casting our eyes over tli4 numerous catalogue of human crimes and 
frailties; over the list of those who have perished on the scaffold, or died 3 
some other death of violence—the result of blasted character and the 
world’s scorn—it is useful and interesting to know, if the germs of their 
turpitude were perceptible in the days of their youthful innocence; whether 
the cold-blooded murderer of after-life, gave evidences of his future ferocity, 
by the torture of dumb, unoffending brute creatures. 
The tyrant Domitian, while yet an infant, history informs us, foreshadowed 
that diabolical character which subsequently terrified the world, in his love of 
cruelty to flies and other insects, by tearing off their wings and legs. 
A royal child, afterwards Louis XIII. of France, once crushed beneath the 
heel of his boot a little sparrow, which had taken refuge in his bosom: seeing 
which, the good king, his father, Henry IV., exclaimed to his queen : Wife, 
I pray that I may outlive that son, else he will be sure to maltreat his mother;” 
and the prediction was verified: for we know that Marie Medicis died at 
Cologne at «t>8 years of age, exiled and reduced to the greatest extremes of 
misery by her son. Henry IV. proved a prophet. Moreover, at the siege of 
Montauban, this same cruel child, now become a monarch and a man, heart- 
lessly stood by and mimicked the dying contortions of his Protestant pri- 
soners. 
Hogarth, you may remember, in his “ Four Phases of Cruelty,” makes the 
child that is represented as torturing a dog in the first picture, terminate his 
career by a murder in the last. 
To owners of horses, cattle, and other animals, I would respectfully offer a 
suggestion or two, namely : to physic their creatures as little as possible; and 
leave to nature to doctor her own disorders. Physic, oftener kills, than cures. 
Shoeing is another matter worthy of their serious consideration. I have 
owTned horses, a large portion of my life ; and make it an invariable rule, to 
instruct blacksmiths not to remove any more of the hoof, than is required to 
level the shoe; and, even this should be done with a rasp, only. My advice to 
all persons, desirous of having their animals possess sound feet, and be free 
from lameness, is, never to send them to be shod, at a shop where the barbar- 
ous instrument called a Buteris is in use. . 
The hoofs of an animal are to it, wha™ the foundations are to a house: 
remove them, and both alike fall. 
A very worthy gentleman, keeping a hotel at the Lake of Mahopac, told 
me, the other day, that the cruel practice of tying the legs of sheep and calves, 
whereby circulation is suspended, swellings near the ligatures, and the secre- 
tion of fetid mucus, were occasioned, which soon extends up toward the 
body, poisoning the flesh, and rendering it necessary, in his experience, to cut 
off and throw away a large quantity of the animal! It is horrible to contem- 
plate the probability of our having such food served up to us to eat. 
The prevailing mode of transporting your cattle and smaller animals to 
market, and their subsequent mode of slaughter, is not only barbarous in the 
extreme, but is known to be pernicious to the flesh destined for human food. 
Before the creation of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 
the most revolting spectacles were daily exhibited in the streets of New York 
of sheep and calves tightly bound by the legs and piled on top of one another, 
with as little regard to their sufferings as if they had been so many stones. 
Those horrors, I am happy to say, no longer shock the sensibilities of the 
kind-hearted of that metropolis; although. I am pained to add, that the cruel 
practice is here conspicuous. 
A careful analysis has been made of the blood of animals thus treated, and 
it has been ascertained by*frequent trials, that if it be given to hogs, it will 
kill them! 
In a spirit of mercy and compassion, I have, on several occasions, taken the 
liberty of remonstrating with persons passing by my house at Mahopac, and 
have implored them to use crates in their transportation, thereby allowing 4 
the poor wretches to stand while on their way to the shambles, to offer up 
their lives for the profit and nourishment of mankind. But, I am sorry to 
say, my respectful and humane appeals have, thus far, with few gratifying 
exceptions, been wholly disregarded! 
I shall, however, persist in my merciful entreaties, encouraged by our suc- 
cess in the great city of New York; and in the firm belief that the American 
farmer, after due reflection, will not be behind his fellow-countrymen of the 
Empire City in the practice of humanity. 
The working of horses with large running sores beneath their collars, or 
other portions of the harness, manifests a cruel indifference to the sufferings 
of those patient slaves ; and it must require a hard heart to daily inflict it on 
them. Let such persons remember the agony their own excoriated flesh 
occasions them, and correct such needless cruelty without another hour’s delay, 
I implore. • 
The plucking of geese and other fowls, while alive, and the forcible re- 
moval of the infant calf and lamb from the parent, before the maternal affec- 
tions have been satisfied; are deeds of pitiless cruelty, not sufficiently appre- 
ciated, even by the merciful inclined. 
But it is in the slaughter-house and dissecting-room, that murder in its most 
appalling hideousness reigns supreme ! I could occupy far more of your time 
than you, perhaps, can allow me, by a dreary recital of the atrocious deeds of 
cruelty, needlessly inflicted on these dumb servants of mankind, by their 
inhuman butchers, which have come to my knowledge, since our Society was 
chartered by the State. 
Not a day passes—nay, scarce an hour of the day is numbered with the 
past—but that acts of fiendish barbarity are perpetrated on these defenseless 
creatures—acts, the refined ferocity of which might make demons shrink 
back with horror! 
1 have lately caused the arrest in New York of three of these monsters; one 
of them a late member of the Common Council of that city, himself a master 
butcher, who deliberately chopped off the two hind legs of a pair of steers 
in his back yard, and there let theiwlie in the scorching summer sun for hours 
before they were finally slaughtcm 1! And wherefore, you may naturally 
inquire, was this infernal deed performed? Why, to use the language of the 
wretch himself—“ Because they were unruly—we always do it! ” One word 
more, and I dismiss this barbarian from further consideration. When 
required to sign his name; he gave Ireland as the place of his nativity, and 
made his cross, not having yet learnt to write—a faculty of advanced civil- 
ization, it seems, not necessary to a member of that virtuous body of rulers 
and law-givers! 
Not to dwell longer on this painful subject, let me apprise you of the fatal 
consequences resulting to the consumers of the flesh of animals, thus tortured 
out of their lives. The microscope has exposed to the eye, the fatal germs 
which afflict our bodies with, perhaps, half the diseases from which we suffer. 
Parasites are formed in the flesh of such animals, which are transferred to our 
own bodies; and although at first they arc not larger than a grain of hemp- 
seed, they penetrate the muscular and other portions of the body, and pro- 
duce in process of time the intestinal tape-worm. The milk, even, of the 
human mother, is thus also contaminated. Every physiologist knows the 
sudden and important results arising from the transfusion of blood : every 
nurse knows the almost immediate effect of her own food upon the sucking 
child ; and every reflecting mind must perceive the direct influence which the 
meat of a panting, thirsting, fevered, agonized beast or fowl, must have on 
the system of those who feed on it. 
There are inspectors of weights and measures; inspectors of timber and 
rum; appointed by authority; but, strange to say, there is not a single inspector 
of slaughter-houses or of animals destined for human food! As with creatures which live on land, so is it with those inhabiting the 
water. A more positive error can not well be made, than to strive to keep 
fish alive after being captured. Turtles, lobsters, and scale-fish, as well as all 
others, should be instantly killed when taken, as every moment of captivity 
injuriously acts on the flavor of the food. To scrape off the scales of fish, to 
plunge them into boiling w'ater, and cut them up while living, as many 
thoughtless and inhuman persons do, is simply a revolting cruelty. 
I have thus for principally considered this subject in its mercenary and 
cruel aspects. 1 shall now invite your attention a short time longer, an liile I 
speak of it, more in detail, in a moral point of view. 
It has been permitted to us by God, to take the lives of such animals as 
have been created for our food; and the necessities of civilization have de- 
manded that many others should be sacrificed, to afford us clothing and other 
articles of usefulness. But this permission to kill is only granted to supply 
our absolute wants; and, to take the life of an innocent, unoffending animal, 
solely because we have the wish or power to do so, is an act of wanton wick- 
edness, which, sooner or later, will bring upon us the punishment that inevi- 
tably awaits on sin. 
The laws of self-defense also justify us in destroying those animals that 
would destroy us; that injure our properties or annoy our persons; but not 
even these, whenever their situation incapacitates them from hurting us. I know 
of no right which a sportsman has to shoot a bear on an inaccessible island 
of ice, or an eagle on the mountain-top, whose lives can not injure us, nor 
death procure us benefit. 
We are unable to give life, therefore ought not wantonly to take it away 
from the meanest insect, without sufficient reason : they all receive it from the 
same benevolent hand as ourselves, and have an equal right to enjoy it. 
The sufferings of the lower animals are really felt by them; in this they are 
not impostors like ourselves; we feign sickness and lameness—they never. 
These poor creatures look, tremble, and give forth the very indications of 
agony that we do—but they are always genuine. Theirs is the unequivocal 
physiognomy of pain. They put on the same aspect of terror when menaced 
with a blow, and exhibit the same distortions! of agony after its infliction, 
that we do. The bruise, the burn, the fracture, and the deep incision, affects 
them similarly to ourselves; their blood circulates, and they have pulsations 
in various parts of their body, just as we have. Ihey sicken and grow feeble 
with age, and finally die, just as we do. In their affections, too, the similitude 
is the same. The lioness,' robbed of her whelps, causes the wilderness to ring 
with the proclamation of her wrongs; and the little bird, whose household 
has been stolen, saddens the grove with melodies of deepest pathos. 
To the eye of the most unlearned, and general observer, all this is palpable; 
but when the scalpel of the physiologist lays open the secret recesses of their 
system—under which they shrink and are convulsed just as we are—there 
stands forth to view the same sentient apparatus, furnished with the same 
conductors for the transmission of feeling, to every pore upon the surface. _ 
Yes, theirs is unmixed, unmitigated pain—the agonies of martyrdom, with- 
out the hopes and sentiments which religion inspires. 
When they lay them down to die, their only fellowship is with suffering; 
for their bounded faculties deny them communion with other objects and 
interests. There is but room in their mysterious economy for one inmate, 
and that is the absorbing sense of their own single and concentrated anguish, 
without an articulate voice to give it utterance ! 
But we often hear it said, “ They are only dumb, stupid beasts—why trouble 
ourselves about them, otherwise than to make use of them?” What pro- 
fanity ! Not trouble themselves about creatures wdiich the Omnipotent Ruler 
of the world has seen fit to trouble himself with the creation of? 6 
I wish vou had the time and patience to hear all I could relate to you, 
touching the intellectual and moral characteristics of these “ stupid beasts.” 
Ancient philosophers generally agreed that brutes reason, and of this opinion 
were Anaxagoras, Celsus, Galen, Plutarch and Plato. 
Moreover, the learned of almost every, age have not hesitated to accord to 
many animals, the power of communicating by Language. Certain it is that 
there exists a similitude of dialect, for they recognize one another by their 
voices, have sounds for anger, pain, joy, sorrow, and other passions. True, 
their idiom seems strange to us : so do the German, Greek, and Chinese lan- 
guages, until we have learnt them. 
Again, some persons are pleased to regard brutes as mere breathing ma- 
chines, or automata, absolutely destitute of all reason, and pretend that their 
actions are only consequences of the exquisite mechanism of their bodies! Is 
the half-reasoning elephant only a machine ? How is the reasoning dog 
to distinguish a man from a hare or pheasant—how recognize its master ( 
Is the admirable mechanism of the web, the bird’s nest, the honey-comb, 
formed without reason ? 
History informs us, that the Emperor Domitian had a troop of elephants 
which Avere taught to dance to the sound of music, and that one of them that 
had been beaten for not being perfect in his lesson, was afterward seen in a 
field practicing it by himself! 
But, say others, ail this is mere instinct. Well, it matters little by what 
name such admirable intelligence is called; it bears too close a resemblance to 
the intellectual attributes of mankind, to abuse and torment them as is done. 
Moreover, it is claimed by the most eminent philosophers of our race, that 
Ave owe to the brute creation the discovery of many medicines, and the inven- 
tion of many arts. For example, it is the spider which taught man to spin; 
of the sparrow he learnt achitccture ; of the goose swimming; of the fish 
navigation, and of the silk-Avorm sewing. 
Let it be remembered that the earth was first inhabited by the inferior ani- 
mals, sent in advance, as it seems, to prepare the way for that paragon of 
creatures; man, and prompt his reason by their natural intelligence. 
Then, as to another attribute of the poor despised brute—sociality. It is 
well known that that n*)ble creature, the horse, will not quietly tolerate sepa- 
ration from his kind, but will leap any possible barrier of a field in order to 
get near one of his race. Oxen and cows, I am told, will not fatten by them- 
selves; but neglect the finest pasture not recommended by the charm of society. 
And slieep flock together as naturally as do the particles of which the water 
of the ocean is composed. Even disparity of size, and incongruity of species 
form no impediment. . . 
I have heard of a person whose whole stock consisted of a horse aiul one 
solitary hen. These twain spent most of their time in an orchard, where they 
saw no other creature than themselves. By degrees an apparent regard took 
place between them. The fowl Avould approach the quadruped with accents 
of complaisance, rub herself gently against his legs; and the horse, on his 
part, would manifest his attachment by moving about with the greatest cir- 
cumspection, lest he should step upon his diminutive companion. 
The affections, also, I repeat, are quite as deep seated in the brute as in the 
human creature. Let the violent bellowings of the poor cow attest this fact, 
when her calf is prematurely dragged from her. 
Nor are these contemned creatures bereft of sympathy tor one another, when 
in distress. A gentleman residing in a market town of England, had a valu- 
able Newfoundland dog, which once preserved his life. The animal, which 
was called Rover, having run a thorn into his foot during the temporary ab- 
sence of liis master from home, the family had taken no lurtlier notice ol it 
than to observe that it was lame. By the time his master returned, the poor 
creature’s leg, as well as foot, were in a most inflamed state, and he could not 7 
walk. Alarmed at his situation, lie ordered his servant to carry him to the 
surgeon, who extracted the thorn and dressed the wound, and in a short time 
Rover was able to limp about tolerably well. His master, aware of his 
sagacity, turned him out at the time of the morning when he used to be car- 
ried, and the dog regularly went to the surgeon's, scratched at the door till ad- 
mitted, and then walked into the doctor's office, where his foot was dressed 
as usual, until he was perfectly cured. Notwithstanding this, however, habit 
prompted him to continue his visits at the regular hour, when the surgeon 
used, good-humoredly, to take the foot in his hand and say, “Well, Rover, your 
foot is well now; you need not come any more.” But, so long as some notice 
was taken of the foot, Rover thought it was professional service, and departed 
well satisfied; but, not understanding the words, he continued his visits for a 
fortnight longer. At length, one morning, the surgeon was surprised to find 
that he did not depart after the customary handling of the foot, but that he 
whined and fidgetted, making toward the door, then returning and staring the 
doctor in the face, and still wffiining and wagging his tail, till finding he was 
not understood, he took the doctor’s coat-skirt in his teeth, and endeavored 
to pull him along. The doctor, concluding there was some reason for this, 
folio-wed him to the door, against which Rover scratched—opened it, and lo ! 
there stood another lame dog which Rover had brought writh him, and which 
the servant had shut out, not considering him a companion of Rover’s. The 
good natured doctor, from the whimsicality of the thing, performed 
what was necessary to his leg, and Rover and his friend -went away, but re- 
turned regularly every day at the same hour, until the strange dog was cured. 
Nor was this the only dog which he had to cure, for every lame or wounded 
canine creature, with which Rover became acquainted, he regularly accompanied 
to the doctor’s, who, from humanity as well as the amusement of the thing, 
cured them all; until gratitude—yes, that’s the Avord—attached them all to him, 
so that whenever any of them saw him, they were sure to folloAv him, some- 
times three and even six together ! 
Now, as dogs generally run to the places where they see a number of their OAvn 
species, strange dogs joined them ; until at last the doctor became so well known to 
all the canine race in the town, that the moment he showed his face outside his 
door, his retinue began to attend him, increasing as he went along, until some- 
times he had two or three dozen followers; so that, in the end, it became a 
nuisance, rendering him an object of observation and laughter, and he went by 
the name of the “ Dog-Star.” 
But his humanity, as all good deeds do, brought its reAvard ; he AAras the theme 
of conversation, his business increased, and Doctor Dog-star rose in liis profession. 
One shudders at the contemplation of the fearful barbarities inflicted on that 
generous and faithful servant—the horse; Avhicli, in return for the profit and 
pleasure he yields us, asks but a little fodder and Avater, and that necessary repose 
which will enable him to renew his toil. 
Christian men and women, are not some of you that are present amenable to 
the charge of having greatly over-taxed his trembling limbs, Avhilst engaged in 
the giddy pursuit of pleasure or gain, and forgotten for the time that, like to 
your own, his flesh and bones and strength have limits to their endurance ? 
Sportsmen ! you that train him under the influence of the wild screech and 
merciless lash, to snap asunder his throbbing sinews, in order to indulge a bar- 
ren, senseless instinct of speed : have you ever paused to estimate at what cost 
to him, each second of time which you so needlessly covet the reduction of, is 
purchased by him ? 
Coachmen and teamsters, do you ever reflect on the rugged, slippery streets 
and highways o\’er which you force his struggling footsteps; the crushing 
burdens with which you overload his yielding back ; the midnight hours stolen 
from nature’s laAvful rest, until the outraged slave of avarice or folly stumbles, 
panting, to the ground, to be reanimated by your cruel scourge ? Have you ever 
heeded the rebuking of your consciences, at sight of your prostrate and dying 
chattel upon the flinty street or highway—his eyes, perchance, reproachfully 
turned on you, his cruel master, until death, his only friend on earth, has sealed 8 
Ms sightless orbits in oblivion ? If you have, then let the retribution of that 
hour, melt your stern natures to dispensing unto these faithful drudges, a share 
of that justice which you so obstinately contend for from your fellow-men. 
But I forget, I am trespassing too long on your patience, and must close this 
imperfect appeal. 
The treatment of dumb animals, is a test and touchstone of character to a 
much greater degree than at first sight seems reasonable. Men who display 
ferocious instincts toward animiils, will generally be found heartless in their 
dealings with their own species. 
The Roman populace, in the degenerate days of the Empire, soon passed from 
the exhibitions of lions and panthers, tearing each other to pieces in the amphi- 
theater ; to gloat with an appetite which daily required a mightier sacrifice, over 
the mutual destruction of captives and slaves ; until, at length, it was the select 
and favorite amusement of Roman ladies, to laugh over the death-throes of 
Christian bishops and saints ! 
Apart from all questions of policy and interest, the observance of mercy and 
kindness toward dumb animals is rich, in pure, indefinable satisfaction. It 
blesses not only the lower being which is the recipient of it, but doubly him 
who practices it. It hightens the animation of the breast. It is an humble, 
yet real imitation of the daily working of the Sovereign of the Universe; who 
hears the cry of the young raven; who teaches the airy insect to float on its 
transparent and many-colored wing; who fills the cup of nectar for the bee . 
and who for one providential arrangement which involves pain and suffering, 
manifests ten thousand which contribute to the enjoyment of His multitudinous 
creatures. 
The annals of many a family, record instances of children rescued from 
drowning and wild beasts, by the energy, nay, almost human reason and love of 
their faithful dog. 
That wandering son of the desert who treated his horse as if it had been his 
son; found, when he was a captive, that his faithful steed bore him by his teeth 
to a place of freedom and safety; and then died a willing martyr at his feet. 
The despairing, fugitive has learnt a lesson of hope and perseverance from the 
spider he has fostered ; and the prisoner has been cheered and sustained by the 
friendsMp of a mouse ! 
In conclusion, fellow-citizens, I pray you remember, that 
“ A man of kindness to his beast is kind, 
But brutal actions show a brutal mind. 
Remember, he who made thee made the brute, 
Who gave thee speech and reason, formed him mute. 
He can’t complain—but God’s all-seeing eye 
Beholds thy cruelty—He hears his cry. 
He was designed thy servant, not thy drudge. 
And know that his Creator is thy Judge.”