CONSTITUTION
IB "ST ° ILt A W 0
V
THE  MEDICAL  COLLEGE
PHILADELPHIA.
           PRINTED BY
HASWELL, BARRINGTON, AND HASWELL.
             1840. 
II 
CONSTITUTION
H^dSjAW©
                  OP                jr


THE  MEDICAL  COLLEGE
PHILADELPHIA.

           PRINTED BY
HASWELL, BARRINGTON, AND HASWELL.
             1840. 
LIST  OF  OFFICERS.
           1840.
       PRESIDENT
THOMAS T. HEWSON, M.D.

     I ICE-PRESIDENTS.
THOMAS HARRIS, M.D.
CHARLES D. MEIGS, M.D.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
D. FRANCIS CONDIE, M.D.

       TREASURER.
HENRY BOND, M.D.

  RECORDING SECRETARY.
JOSEPH WARRINGTON,  M.D.

       CURATORS.
FRANKLIN BACHE, M.D.
J. BROOKFIELD, M.D. 
3n Slct
                                TO

INCORPORATE THE  MEDICAL  COLLEGE OF PHILADELPHIA.
  Section 1.—He it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvaniain jjoneral assembly met, and itis hereby
enacted by the authority of the same, Thai [Doctors] Thomas T. Hewson,
Thomas Harris, Robert  M. Huston, George \V. N orris, Robert Bridges, H.
Bond,('. D. Meigs, William Darrach, Reynell Coates, J. Brookfield, Joseph
Warrington, Joseph (/arson,  F. Turnpenny, Franklin Bache, John  Bell,
Jacob J earn  s, J. F. Zorns, W. H. Gillingham, William D. Brinkle, Jacob
Sharp, Thomas O. Goldsmith, J. N. Marselles, H.  D.  Dietrich, David C.
Skerrett, J. M. Putjh, Robert E. James, M.  M. Levis,  Samuel Strohecker,
Adam Schroener, Philip C. Donnelly, Jesse W. Griffiths, John Uhler, F. K.
Morton, Abraham Helfenstein, Isaac Kline, Thomas H. Yardlry, Benjamin
S.Janney, Joseph Parrish, Isaiah R. Matlack, Nathaniel Hatfield, GeorgeB.
Wood, Isaac Hays,  Samuel Jackson, late of Nortliumberlandcounty, Penn-
sylvania,  William Gray, William C. M'Pherson, and  their associates and
successors be, and they are hereby made and created  a body politic and
corporate  in law and in fact, by the name and style of the  Medical  College
of Philadelphia, and by the same name shall have perpetual succession, and
may sue and be sued, have a  common seal,  purchase and  hold and convey
all lands and tenements, moneys, goods, chattels, and effects, make all by-
laws necessary or proper for the uses of a Medical College, and immediately
connected therewith, not contrary to the constitution and laws of this com-
monwealth, and do all and every other  matter and thing for the purposes of
this  act which any corporation or body politic may or can do.
  Section  0.—The objects of the corporation hereby created, shall  be  to
cultivate the science of medicine and all its collateral branches, to encourage
the prolongation of the term of study, and the increase of the extent of pre-
liminary knowledge required of candidates for medical honours, to designate
such courses of instruction as from time to time may be deemed necessary
for the advancement of the science and the elevation of the medical charac-
ter, and to examine  and decide on the qualifications of candidates for medi-
cal degrees.
  Sir/ion  3.—The officers  of  said college shall be  a President, two  Vice-
Presidents,  a Corresponding Secretary, a Treasurer, a Recording Secretary,
and  such  other officers as shall be provided for by the by-laws;  and said
officers shall be elected  by the members of said corporation, at such times,
in such manner, and for such  terms, as shall be provided for by the by-laws ;
and  said corporation shall  have power to enact by-laws for the government,
admission, and expulsion of members—Provided always, that no organized
faculty of professors or teachers shall ever be established  by  the authority
of said College, unless some other collegiate institution, or institutions now
or hereafter established within the city of Philadelphia, shall enact  laws in-
terferinor with the attendance  of any medical student upon such course  or
courses°of medical instruction delivered by authority of such collegiate in-
stitution or institutions as said student may prefer or select.
  Section  1.—Said College shall have power to grant the degree of Bachelor
of Medicine to any such persons as shall have completed a course of study 
4
similar to that now usually required of candidates for the degree of Doctor
of Medicine in other colleges in this State.
  Section 5.—Said college shall have power to grant the degree of Doctor
of Medicine to any persons who shall have fulfilled the requisites hereinafter
mentioned, with such others as from time to time may be presented by the
by-laws.
  Section 6.—Each candidate for the degree of Doctor of Medicine in said
College shall have attained the age of twenty-two years;  he shall have
pursued the study of medicine for the term of  at least three years under the
direction of one or more graduates in  Medicine; he shall  have attended
lectures  in the city or county of Philadelphia  on each  of  the following
branches, or on such subdivisions thereof as  shall  be deemed  collectively
equivalent thereto, delivered by lecturers recognised  by said College,  and
shall have attended the same to the  number  of courses herein designated,
and upon each course for a period of four months; Anatomy, general  and
special, two courses; Chemistn/, one course ; Natural Philosophy, one course;
Physiology and Pathology, two courses ; Materia Medica and  Pharmacy, two
courses ;  Special Therapeutics, two courses; Institutes and Practice of Sur-
gery, two courses;  Obstetric*, two courses; Diseases of Women and Children,
one course; MedicalJurisprudencc, one  course.  He shall,  also, have pur-
sued at least one course of Dissections under the directions of a teacher recog-
nised by the College, and shall have attended for at least one year the prac-
tice of some  hospital containing  not less  than fifty beds,  and in which
clinical instruction is given.  He fihall also produce to the  College satis-
factory evidence that he possesses a good moral  character.
   Section 7.—The degrees herein mentioned shall be granted on such terms
and in  such manner as shall be prescribed by the by-laws,  conformably to
the foregoing sections; and all fees received from persons applying for de-
grees shall be distributed and applied in such manner as shall be  directed
by the by-laws.
   Section 8.—The Legislature may at any time alter, amend, or repeal  the
 privileges hereby granted.
                                               Wm.  Hopkins,
                                   Speaker of the House of  Representatives.

                                               Charles  B. Penrose,
                                                  Speaker of the Senate.
   Approved this eleventh day of October, a.d., eighteen hundred and thirty-
 nine.
                                              DAVID R. PORTER.
 Pennsylvania, S.S.
                                                     Secretary^ Office.
   I do certify that the foregoing is a true copy of an act entitled  " An Act
 to incorporate the Medical College of Philadelphia ;" as the same remains
 filed in this office.  Witness my hand and  seal of  office  at  Harrisburg the
 seventeenth of October, a.d., eighteen hundred and thirty-nine.
                                                      Fr. R. Shunk,
                                           Secretary of the  Comm'wealth.
  [The only difference between this printed copy and that sent by the Se-
cretary is in the  omission of the word Doctor before the names of some of
the corporators, all of whom equally bear it, and a correction, in some few
cases, of their first names.  The prenomen of Parrish should be Isaac.  Dr.
Isaac Parrish was a petitioner for the act of Incorporation, and an original
member of the College.] 
PREAMBLE.-
  Whereas, We, the undersigned, Physicians of Philadelphia,
have agreed to associate ourselves for the purpose of claiming,
on behalf of the Profession, that influence over the regulation of
Medical Instruction, and the means of Medical  Improvement,
which is so essential to the respectability of the Profession and
to the best interests of Humanity ; and
   Whereas, We are desirous of acquiring the rights and im-
munities of a body politic and corporate for the furtherance of
this legal and honorable purpose ;
   Now, therefore, We do hereby associate ourselves, under
the following Constitution, for the purposes therein expressed.
              CONSTITUTION.

                         ARTICLE  I.
  The Association shall for ever hereafter be called and known
by the name of " The Medical College or Philadelphia."

                        article  II.
  The objects of the said College shall be to cultivate the Science
of Medicine, and all its collateral branches ; to designate such
courses of instruction as, from time to time, may be deemed
necessary for the advancement of the  Science and the eleva-
tion of the Medical Character; to examine and decide on the
qualifications of Candidates for degrees, and  to secure these
advantages to the Profession.
  * This declaratory Preamble, together with the Constitution and By-Laws
whl olw were'the same as those adopted in the year 1836 exceptt some
Litalns since made in the two latter, in conformity with the Act of
Incorporation.                     % 
6
                        ARTICLE  III.

   The Officers of the said College  shall be a President, two
Vice-Presidents, a  Corresponding Secretary,  a  Treasurer,  a
Recording Secretary, and  such other officers as may be  de-
signated by the By-Laws, to be chosen annually, from among
the members of said College, on the  first Monday in March, or
within three calendar months thereafter ; and the said officers,
thus elected, shall  be and  remain the  President, Vice-Presi-
dents, &c, respectively, until their  places be supplied by a new
election to  be  made by  the members of the  said  College as
aforesaid;  and all vacancies by death, resignation, or other-
wise, which shall at any time hereafter  happen in  any of  the
said offices, may be filled by a special election, to be holden as
often as occasion  shall  require;  and the duties of the said
officers severally shall be prescribed by the By-Laws.

                        ARTICLE  IV.

   The said College  shall have power to grant and  confirm in
the manner and form prescribed by its By-Laws, such degrees
in Medicine, to such Students  or  others, whom, by their pro-
ficiency in  learning  or other meritorious distinction, they shall
deem entitled to  them, as  are usually conferred in other Col-
leges and Universities; and to  grant to such graduates such
diplomas or certificates, under its common seal, as may authen-
ticate and perpetuate the memory  of such graduation.

                       ARTICLE  v.

   The said College shall establish a Board of Examiners, to
consist of not less than six persons, Physicians, resident in the
city and county of Philadelphia, who shall be chosen at such
times, in such  manner, and for such  periods as the By-Laws
of the College  shall  ordain ; and it shall be the duty of the said
Board to examine into the qualifications of such Students or
others as may  appear before them, and to certify the same to
the College. 
7
                        ARTICLE VI.

  Said College shall have power to grant the degree of Bache-
lor of Medicine to any such person as shall have completed a
course of study similar to that now usually required of candi-
dates for the degree of Doctor  of Medicine in other Colleges of
this State.


                        ARTICLE VII.

  Said College shall have power to grant the degree of Doctor
of M<dicine to any person who shall have fulfilled the requisites
hereinafter mentioned, with such others as from time to time
may be prescribed by the By-Laws.

                        ARTICLE VIII.

  A Candidate for the degree of Doctor of Mkdici.ve must
have attained the age of twenty-two years, and  have pursued
the study of medicine for the term of at least three years  under
the direction of one or more graduates in medicine.  He must
have attended lectures, in the city and county of Philadelphia,
on each of the following mentioned branches, or on such subdivi-
sions as shall be deemed collectively  equivalent thereto,  de-
livered by  lecturers recognised by the College, and during the
number  of courses set  opposite to each branch, herein  de-
signated, and upon each course for a period of four months, viz.:
  1.  Anatomy, General and Special:  Two Courses.
  2. Chemistry :  One Course.
  3. Natural Philosophy :  One Course.
  4. Ixstiti tes of Medicine,  or Physiology and Pathology :
Tiro Courses.
  5. Materia Medica and Pharmacy:  Two Courses.
  0. SiF.ciAL Therapeutics : Two Courses.
  7. Institutes of Surgery :  Two Courses.
  S.  Obstetrics :  Tico Courses.
  9.  Diseases of  Women and  Children : On? Course.
 10.  Medical Jurisprudence : One Course. 
8
   The candidate  must also have pursued at least one course
 of dissections under the direction of a teacher recognised by
 the College, and have attended for at least one year the prac-
 tice of some hospital containing not less than fifty beds, and in
 which  clinical instruction  is given.  He shall also produce to
 the College satisfactory evidence that he possesses a good moral
 character.

                        article  IX.

   The said College shall have power to make, have, and use
 one common Seal, with such device and inscription as it shall
 think proper, and  the  same to break,  alter, and  renew at  its
 pleasure; it shall  have power and authority to  make  Rules,
 By-Laws, and Ordinances, and to do every other act and thing
 needful for the good government and support of the affairs of the
 said College:  Provided always, That the said Rules, By-Laws,
 or Ordinances, or  any of them be not repugnant to the Consti-
 tution  of the  United States, and  the Laws of  this Common-
 wealth, or to this Instrument.


                        article  x.

   The said College shall hold regular  meetings, at least once
 in every period of three months: Provided always, That no
 meeting of said College shall be  held  unless called  and an-
 nounced in two or more  of the daily papers, published in Phi-
 ladelphia, at least one week before the time at which the said
 meeting is intended to be held.


                        ARTICLE  XI.

   No misnomer of the said corporation shall defeat or annul any
gift, grant, devise, or bequest, to or from the said corporation:
Provided, The interest  of the parties shall sufficiently  appear
on the face of  the gift, grant, will,  or other writing, whereby
any estate or other interest  was intended to pass to or from said
corporation. 
9
                BY-LAWS

                       OF TBI


MEDICAL  COLLEGE OF  PHILADELPHIA.
                     CHAPTER  I.


               OF MEM1SKRS AND MEMBERSHIP.

  The College shall consist of Members and Associates.


                       OF MEMBERS.

  Section I.—Any Citizen of the United States and a graduate,
of three  years' standing,  of a respectable  Medical School,
who shall have attained the age of twenty-five years, and who
shall have been a resident  within the  City and County of Phi-
ladelphia, for at least twelve months previously to his nomina- *
tion, may be proposed for  membership,  in  writing, by two
members, at any stated meeting of the College.  And it  shall
be the duty of one of the persons proposing him for member-
ship, to declare that he is  duly qualified  agreeably to the re-
quirements of this Section. 
10
  Sect. II.—At the next stated meeting, the Secretary having
announced in his notices  that  a new member will be balloted
for, the nomination shall be called up, and if the College shall,
by a previous vote, express itself to be prepared, the candidate
shall be balloted for; and provided three-fourths of the votes
given be in the affirmative, the requisite quorum being present,
[see By-Laws, Chap. 3, Sect. 3.] the presiding officer shall de-
clare him  to be duly elected a member of the College.

  Sect. III.—Every member elect shall pay an initiation fee
of five dollars, and at the stated meeting in January an annual
contribution of five dollars; provided, that he shall be at all times
at liberty to  commute this contribution by  the  payment of
fifty dollars in one sum, which payment shall exempt him from
all annual contributions to the College during his life.

  Sect. IV.—No member elect shall be permitted to take his
seat in the College until  he shall have subscribed his name to
the Constitution, and paid his initiation fee as above specified.

  Sect. V.—If any  member shall delay the payment of his
annual contribution for the space of one year from the time at
which it became due, he shall not be allowed to  vote on  any
question before the College until the said contribution be paid  ;
and if he shall delay the payment of any annual contribution for
the space  of two years from the date at which it  became due,
he shall thereby forfeit his right of membership,  excepting in
case of continued absence from Philadelphia.

   Sect.  VI.—Any member removing  permanently from Phi-
ladelphia, or remaining absent therefrom  during the term of
three years,  shall thereby forfeit his  right of voting on  any
question connected with the local interests of the College, or
with the business of  medical instruction by it established ; nor
shall he be permitted to resume that right on again becoming a 
11
resident of Philadelphia until after the expiration of one entire
year; all his other rights as a member  of the  College  shall
however remain unaffected.

   Section VII.—Any physician who is a citizen of the United
States, of well-known and distinguished merit, not resident in
Philadelphia, maybe nominated and elected an associate of the
College, in the manner and form prescribed by the first two
sections of this chapter.   Associates shall  enjoy all the rights
of membership excepting those of voting and eligibility to office.
                      CHAPTER II.

                       OF OFFICERS.

  Section  I.—The officers of the College shall be a President,
two Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer, a Corresponding Secretary,
a Recording Secretary, and two  Curators;  to be  chosen an-
nually,  by ballot, on the first  Monday of March, or  within
three calendar months thereafter ;  also a Board of Examiners,
to be chosen in the manner hereafter specified.

  Sect.  II.—The President shall maintain  order, regulate de-
bates, and sign all warrants upon the  Treasurer, drawn by
order of the  College.  He shall  have  power to call  special
meetings at his own discretion, and it shall be his duty to call
them whenever requested  in writing by five members of the
College.   He shall not discuss any subject while in the chair,
but may assign  his reasons on deciding a question of order.
He shall have no vote, excepting  on a ballot, or upon a call for
the yeas and nays. 
                            12
  Sect.  III.—The  Vice-Presidents shall perform  in rotation
the  duties of the President in the absence of that officer, or at
his  request when present; in the absence of the President and
Vice-Presidents, a Chairman for the meeting shall be appointed,
vivd voce.

  Sect.  IV.—The Treasurer shall collect and receive all mo-
neys due to the College, and shall pay  them only upon  war-
rants drawn by order of the College, and signed by the officer
who shall preside at the meeting at which  the warrants  were
ordered to be  drawn ; which warrants  shall be  the vouchers
for  his expenditures.  He  shall present a statement of the
finances  of the College annually, at the stated meeting in Janu-
ary, and at such other times as the College  may direct.

  Sect.  V.—The Corresponding Secretary shall give notice to
Associates of their elections, and manage all matters of Corres-
pondence, unless otherwise ordered by the  College.  He  shall
copy into a  book provided for the purpose all letters which he
may write officially, and keep a regular  and uniform file  of all
those which he receives.

  Sect.  VI.—The Recording Secretary  shall keep regular and
accurate minutes of the proceeding of the  College, and,  after
their approval, record them in a book provided for the purpose.
He shall keep a list of the members, indicating the date of their
election, the time of their death, resignation, or loss of member-
ship, and also a list of the names and residences of Associates.
He shall  receive and preserve all books of Records and papers
belonging to the College, provide Certificates of membership,
and notify all officers and members elect of their election.   He
shall cause a manuscript copy of all unpublished by-laws  actu-
ally in force, to be inserted in a book provided  for that pur-
pose, and which shall be accessible to members at every stated
meeting of the College, and at such other times as the College
may from time to time direct; and he shall  perform such  other
duties as usually appertain to his office. 
13
   Sect.  VII.—The  Curators shall take charge of,  and pre-
 serve all property belonging to the College, excepting money
 and such books and papers as appertain to the duties  of other
 officers.  They shall keep  an exact  list of the  same, together
 with the names of the donors, in a book provided for the pur-
 pose,  and at all times open  to the inspection of the College.
 They shall make a full and regular  report of the  nature and
 condition of the said property at the  stated meeting in October
 of every year, and shall deliver the same up to their successors
 in office.  Before entering upon the duties of their office they
 shall give to the Treasurer a  receipt  for every thing committed
 to their care.


                    BOARD  OF EXAMINERS.

   Sect.  VIII.—The College shall choose by ballot at the time
 of the first annual  election subsequent  to  its  organization,  or
 as soon thereafter as convenient, six graduates of medicine, of
 at least ten years' standing, and of distinguished reputation in
 their profession, to serve  as a Board  of  Examiners, the duties
 of which are hereafter prescribed.  Of the said six 1 ixaminers,
 two shall be chosen by name to serve for the term of one year,
 two others by name to serve  for the  term of two years, and
 two others by name to serve for the term of three years; and
 annually  thereafter, the College shall elect by ballot two per-
 sons, qualified as above, to serve for the term of three  years,  in
 the place of those whose term  of service shall have expired.

   Sect. IX.—No person shall be elected  a  member  of the
 Board of Examiners who is engaged in  giving public instruc-
 tion, whether by lectures or examinations, upon any branch  of
 Medical Science included in the course  prescribed by the Col-
 lege; and if any person elected  to the  Board of Examiners
shall so engage at any time during his term of service therein,
his  station in  the  Board shall thereby  be  rendered  vacant;
Provided, however, that remarks at the bedside in a hospital,
shall not be considered as constituting lectures.
                             2 
                           14
  Sect. X.—No election for a member or members  of the
Board  of Examiners shall be held at any meeting of the Col-
lege at which there are not at least twenty qualified voters pre-
sent, nor shall any candidate be deemed duly elected unless a
majority of all such as may be present shall vote in his favour.

  Sect. XI.—At the stated  meeting of the  College next suc-
ceeding the election of a member or members of the Board of
Examiners, or as soon thereafter as practicable, the said mem-
ber or members shall appear before the College, and the  Presi-
ding officer shall deliver to  him or them the following address :

" Sir. or Gentlemen,—
  " The Medical College of Philadelphia,  reposing high confi-
dence in your  professional  honour  and scientific attainments,
has publicly expressed the same, by calling you  to aid  in the
performance of the most important duties which devolve upon
it, in electing you a member  (or members) of the  Board of
Examiners instituted by its  Constitution.   In accordance then
with the regulations by law established, do you  solemnly de-
clare and affirm, that so long as you  continue a  member  (or
members)  of the said Board, you will faithfully, justly, and im-
partially discharge the trusts and duties, both legal and  moral,
imposed upon  you  by the  ordinances in  this  case made  and
provided."
   Assent being given by the  said member or  members,  the
presiding officer shall declare him or them duly inaugurated.

   Sect. XII.—If at any time a vacancy or vacancies shall oc-
cur among the officers, by death, resignation, or otherwise, the
College shall proceed to fill the same,  at a  special meeting
called  for that purpose, of which meeting notice shall be given
in writing to every member of the College by the Recording
Secretary, or, in case of that office being vacant  by the Corres-
ponding Secretary, at least one week before the time at which
the said meeting is to be held. 
15
                     CHAPTER III.

            OF  MEETINGS AND RULES  OF  ORDER.

  Section  I.—The College shall hold stated meetings on  the
first Wednesday of January, April, July, and October, in every
year.   The meetings shall  be convened at seven o'clock, p.m,
in the  two first-mentioned  months, and at eight o'clock, p.m.
in the two  last.

   Sect.  II.—On every Wednesday evening when the College
is not in  session, the hall shall be open  to the members and
such friends as they may introduce, for the purpose of reading
and social  intercourse.

   Sect.  III.—The quorum of members  required for enacting
or altering a  by-law  shall be thirty qualified  voters; for the
election of Examiners, and for  the election or expulsion of a
member, twenty qualified voters;  in all  other cases the mem-
bers present shall constitute a quorum.

   Sect.  IV.—At every stated meeting of the College the order
of business shall be as follows :
   1. Reading the  minutes of the last stated and every interven-
ing meeting, and their correction if necessary.
   2. Reports  of Committees.
   3. Communications in writing from others than members.
   4. Stated business of the meeting.
   5. Unfinished and deferred business.
   6. Nominations for membership.
   7. New business.
   8. Written communications from members.
   9. Oral communications from members.

   Sect.  V.__Whenever the  President notifies the  Recording
Secretary to call a special meeting of the College, he shall state
to him, in  writing, the business to  be  brought before  the  said 
                             16
 meeting:  which statement shall be read from the chair imme-
 diately after the meeting is organized, and  entered at length
 upon the minutes;  and no business shall be transacted at  such
 meeting, unless it have an immediate relation to that expressed
 in the statement referred to.

    Sect. VI.—No question shall be considered open for discus-
 sion except when brought forward  by motion  duly made and
 seconded,  and then distinctly stated by the presiding officer.
 The name of the mover of each motion to be entered upon the
 minutes.

   Sect. VII.—When a member speaks he shall stand  up, ad-
 dressing himself to  the presiding officer, and  confining himself
 strictly to the question under consideration.

   Sect. VIII.—No member shall be interrupted whilst speak-
 ing excepting by a call to order.

   Sect. IX.—The  presiding officer shall decide  all  calls to
 order, unless an appeal be made to  the College, the vote upon
 which shall be taken without debate.

   Sect. X.—No member shall be allowed to  speak more than
 twice upon the same question, without previously asking and
 obtaining leave from the members present.

   Sect. XI.—Whilst any question is under  consideration  no
 motion shall be received excepting to divide the question, to
 amend, to postpone, to refer to a committee, or to adjourn.'

   Sect. XII.—Motions for a division of the question, for  its
postponement,  or reference to a committee, and for adjourn-
ment, shall always be determined without debate.

   Sect. XIII.—A motion to adjourn shall take precedence of
all others; a motion for postponement shall preclude commit-
ment;  that for  commitment shall preclude amendment, or a
decision on the original question. 
                           17
  Sect. XIV.—The mover with the consent of the seconder,
may withdraw any motion previously to its amendment, com-
mitment, or to the question upon its final passage being put by
the presiding  officer.

   Sect. XV.—No question shall be reconsidered excepting on
the motion of two members who voted in the majority, submit-
ted at the meeting at which the same was discussed, or at the
next adjourned or  stated meeting.

   Sect. XVI.—A motion that has been negatived cannot be
again brought forward at the same meeting, excepting upon a
motion  to reconsider.

   Sect. XVII.—When a blank  is  to be filled,  the question
shall be first  taken on  the largest sum, greatest number, and
 remotest period.

   Sect. XVIII.—Two members  may demand the yeas and
 nays on any  question which  is not required to be decided by
 ballot, and have them entered upon the minutes.   The presiding
 officer in such cases shall always  vote last.
CHAPTER IV.

 OF  COMMITTERS.
  Section I.—Special committees shall be  appointed in the
following  manner, excepting when  otherwise ordered  by a
special vote of the College;  the presiding officer shall nominate
one member who shall act as chairman of the committee; the
member so nominated shall name a second, the second, a third
and so on until the number of the committee  is completed.
                          2* 
                           18
  Sect. II.—No report of a committee shall be received ex-
cepting it be made in writing and signed by a majority thereof.

  Sect. III.—Committees shall report at the meeting imme-
diately succeeding that of their appointment, unless it be other-
wise determined by an order or by-law  of the  College;  and
failing to  make  a  final  report at  the proper time, unless  a
satisfactory reason  therefor be given,  the committee  shall be
discharged,  and  the subject dropped or referred  to another
committee, as the College shall by vote determine.

  Sect. IV.—The reports of all committees shall be entered at
length upon the minutes, unless when otherwise ordered by the
College.
                    CHAPTER V.

               OF  THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS.

  Section I.—The Board of Examiners shall, as soon as prac-
ticable after its election, meet, and organize by appointing one
of its members to act as Chairman and another as Dean.  The
Board shall hold stated and other meetings as often as it may
deem proper,  and shall adopt  such  rules for its own govern-
ment as may  be found necessary, provided  the same be not in-
consistent with the  Constitution and by-laws of the College.

  Sect. II.—The Board shall meet regularly during the months
of March  and November of every year, for the examination of
such candidates for degrees in Medicine as have complied with
the  requisitions of the College, and duly registered their names
with the Dean.

  Sect. III.—The Board shall have power to make among its
members  such a distribution of the  duty of examination as it 
19
shall judge proper;  but each member thereof present at an ex-
amination shall be required to express his opinion on the general
fitness of the candidate for medical  honors, without especial
regard to the particular  branch or branches upon which he
shall  be called to examine.

   Sect. IV.—For conducting an examination, four members
of the Board must be present during the whole time of its con-
tinuance, and in the event of the member appointed to examine
 on any branch being absent, the examination  on that branch
 shall be conducted by one of the members present.

   Sect.  V.—Not less than one hour shall  be devoted  by the
 Board  to the examination of each  candidate, nor shall more
 than four candidates be  examined within the same day.

   Sect.  VI.—To warrant a favourable report  in relation to
 the qualifications of a candidate, it  shall be required that four
 members of the  Board vote in the affirmative.

    Skct. VII.—Each candidate shall  be  examined on  such
  branches of  medicine and its collateral  sciences as the College
  shall from time to time  direct; Provided, however, that no al-
  teration in relation  to  the course  of instruction shall be  per-
  mitted to prejudice the  interests  of any candidate who shall
  have pursued his preliminary studies, in good  faith, according
  to  the previous regulations of the College.

    Sect. VIII.—No  member of the Board of Examiners  shall
  be permitted to express an  opinion or to vote upon the pro-
  fessional attainments of any candidate, who is at the time or
   has been his private pupil.

     Skct.  IX.—All necessary expenses  incurred by the Board
   of  Examiners in  the performance of the duties assigned to it
   shall  be laid before the College in the form  of a regular account,
   certified as correct by the chairman  : and if approved it shall be
   paid by a warrant  upon the Treasurer of the College. 
                           20
  Sect. X.—The Board of Examiners may, at their  discre-
tion, present written  communications to the  College  recom-
mending such changes in the scheme of instruction, as  well as
in the regulations for the admission of candidates, as may appear
to them to be calculated to increase the usefulness of the insti-
tution and advance the character of the profession.

  Sect. XI.—Each member of the Board of Examiners shall
receive from the College such fees  for the examination of each
candidate, at which he shall have officiated agreeably to the regu-
lations of the College, as it shall from time to time determine.

  Sect. XII.—The Dean shall keep, in  a book provided for
the  purpose, a full and  regular list of all  such candidates as,
upon examination, have been approved of by the Board, showing
their respective  ages,  the States to  which they belong, and the
date of their examination ; which fist shall be open, at all reason-
able times, to the inspection of the  members of the College.

  Sect. XIII.—The Dean shall keep an accurate  account of
all  sums of money received by him as fees from  candidates
registered  for examination, and for  diplomas; and shall pay the
same over to the Treasurer of the College,
                     CHAPTER  VI.

            OF THE RECOGNITION OF  LECTURERS.

  Section I.—Any respectable graduate in medicine who ia
engaged in lecturing, in the city and county of Philadelphia, on
any one of the  branches embraced in the scheme of instruction
laid down for the time being by the College,  and who has de- 
21
livered one or more  courses of lectures thereon, may be pro-
posed as a candidate for recognition at any stated meeting of
the Board of Examiners.   At the subsequent  stated meeting,
the said proposal shall be decided upon by ballot, and provided
four votes are given in favour of the candidate his nomination
shall be presented for the action of the College at its next stated
meeting, when, if a majority of the members present shall con-
firm the nomination, the said lecturer shall be deemed  duly re-
cognised by the college ; Provided, that the  said  recognition
may at any time be recalled by  a vote of the College.

   Sect. II.—All  lecturers, who  shall  have been  duly recog-
nised as above, shall be notified thereof by the Corresponding
Secretary, and the recognition shall take effect from the first
Monday in March,  or the first  Monday in November imme-
diately succeeding the action thereon of the College.

   Sect. III.—Teachers of subdivisions of any of the branches
embraced in the scheme of instruction laid down by the ( ollege
 may be recognised in the manner pointed out in the first Section
 of this  Chapter.   The  subdivisions  which  shall be  deemed
 equivalent to the primary branch being at the same time declared
 by the College.

   Sect. IV.—No lecturer or teacher whose proposal as a can-
 didate for recognition by the College has been rejected by  the
 Board of  Examiners, or whose  nomination to the College has
 been  disapproved of by the vote of the latter, shall be  again
 proposed  in the Board of Examiners or  renominated to  the
 College, until after the expiration of one year from the date of
 action on his first proposal or nomination. 
22
                    CHAPTER  VII.

          OF CANDIDATES FOR DEGREES IN MEDICINE.

  Section I.—Any student of medicine who has complied with
the regulations of the College  may become a candidate for a
degree in Medicine, and if he shall  be found duly qualified by
the Board of Examiners shall  have the degree  for which he
was a candidate conferred upon him by the College.

   Sect. II.—The  candidates for degrees  must have complied
with the  conditions specified in Articles VI. and VIII. of the
Constitution ;  and present the  certificates and tickets in proof
thereof.

   Sect. III.—A candidate for examination shall be required to
register his name with the Dean during either the month  of
February or of October.

   Sect. IV.—The candidate shall likewise, at the time of regis-
try, present to the Dean  a  thesis of his own composition  on
some medical  subject, and also the history in writing of two
cases, the one medical and  the other surgical, which  he has
observed  and investigated in  some  public  institution, in the
private practice of his  preceptor, or otherwise.

   Sect. V.—Each candidate shall pay to the Dean at  the time
of his registry the sum of thirty dollars as the fee  for examina-
tion, and  he shall pay an additional sum of  five dollars for  his
diploma, should he be  approved of by the Board of Exami-
 ners.

   Sect. VI.—The  candidates whose names have  been duly
 registered, shall,  when notified to that effect by the Dean, pre-
 sent themselves,  individually, before the  Board of Examiners, 
23
in order that they may undergo an examination upon the several
branches included in the scheme of instruction laid down by the
College.   The  examination shall be  conducted by  oral and
written  questions  to  be answered accordingly, orally or in
writing,  and shall  embrace the thesis and  cases presented by
the candidate, as well as medicine in general.   The candidate
shall likewise  be  required  to  write  prescriptions  in Latin,
both abbreviated  and at length, agreeably to the customary
 formula.
                    CHAPTER VIII.

                 OF CONFERRING DEOREES.

  Section I.—At the termination of each period of examina-
tion the Dean shall report in writing to the College at its next
meeting  the  names of those candidates who have been  found
deserving of the degrees in Medicine;  when the  presiding
officer shall declare those candidates entitled to their  respective
degrees, and  shall direct the Corresponding Secretary to cause
the necessary diplomas to be prepared.  The College shall then
determine by vote  the  period  at which  the  degrees shall be
formally conferred  upon the said candidates.

   Sect. II.—The degree or degrees shall  be formally conferred
 at a meeting of the College to be held for that purpose, and an
 address  shall be delivered by the President, one of the Vice
 Presidents, or by a member selected by the College.

   Sect. III.—All diplomas for degrees in medicine  granted by
 the College  shall  be  signed  by the members of the Board  of
 Examiners,  and by the President, Vice Presidents, and Corres-
 ponding Secretary ; which officers shall have the right of being
 present at all examinations. 
24
                     CHAPTER IX.

       OF THE ENACTMENT AND AMENDMENT OF BY-LAWS.

  Section  I.—Every proposition  for  making,  altering, or
amending a By-Law, shall be submitted in writing  by five
members at one stated meeting and considered at the next.

  Sect. II.—For the adoption or alteration of any By-Law, the
concurrence of at least two-thirds of the legal quorum  (see
By-Laws, Chap. 3, Sec. 3.) shall be required.

  Sect. III.—Due notice of the proposed alteration or addition
to the By-Laws shall be given  by the Recording Secretary. 
►
\
I
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