A. BRIEF DESCRIPTION --OF— JAMES A. FOSTER'S Patent Union Artificial Limbs. MANUFACTURED AT PHILADELPHIA, I»a , CI1VCTIVIVA.TI, Ohio, DETROIT, Mldiiffan, and ROCHESTER, N. Y. THE BEST SUBSTITUTE FOR NATURAL LIMBS EVER INVENTED, CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, Pa., 60 WEST FOURTH STREET, CINCINNATI, Ohio, 172 JEFFERSON AVENUE, DETROIT Michigan, 123 STATE STREET,ROCHESTER, N^w York. NOTICE .US Any one seeing this notice, who has a relative, friend or acquain- tance that has lost a limb, will confer a favor by sending me their address. All communications should be addressed to JAMES A FOSTER, ?/* wm iDhestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa., 60 West Fourth St., Cincinnati, Ohio 172 Jefferson Avenue, Detroit, Mich., Or, 123 State Street, Rochester, N. Y. % CLERGYMEN, POSTMASTERS And others who may receive this pamphlet, will confer a favor by placing it in the hands of persons requiring such information. 003STTE3STTS- PAGK. Special Instructions, - -......1 How to prepare the stump for an artificial limb, - - 1 How to order a limb, - - - 1 Can a soldier draw the money instead of artificial limh, - 3 Terms of payment,...... 3 Description,..........3 Why my attention was called to artificial limbs, 6 My choice in a limb, ........ 7 My commencement,........7 To those suffering from loss of limb,.....8 Is it best to have an artificial limb, ----- 8 Why is it that many get limbs and do not wear them, - *nLtit* What class of men ought to manufacture artificial limbs, - 11 Points of election, -.......12 Description of Apparatus for shortened limbs - 15 Artificial hands and arms, - - - - - - - 16 Stump arms, and how to prepare the stump for artificial limb, 17 How to order a limb,.......18 What the Press of Detroit say......19 Testimonials of Surgeons,.......20 Testimony of those wearing the leg.....22 Testimonials of the Press throughout the West - - 41 \* SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS. Ox page 17 I gave a few instructions to be observed in obtaining an artificial limb ; and as patients do not seem to notice or under- stand them, I thought best to print them more fully and put them in the most conspicuous place. If they are properly observed, it will save asking many questions and me much time in writing answers to them. HOW TO PREPARE THE STUMP FOR AN ARTIFICIAL LIMB. As free and perfect action of the stump as is possible should be obtained. A joint should never be allowed to become flexed or semi- flexed if it can be avoided. As soon as the stump is healed, a non-elastic sock made to fit tightly should be worn, or it should be kept bandaged, in order to solidify and bring it to its proper form. It jshould also be moved as much as possible to keep the joints working freely until a limb is obtained. HOW TO ORDER A LIMB. Whenever a patient wishes a limb, he should write, stating the case minutely, where amputated, whether the joints are flexible or not, inject every particular. A blank will be sent for measurement, wHBl 'ffe' to be filled up and returned to the office, where it will be placed on file to await its turn. The limb will be commenced in its proper order, and at the proper time the patient will be notified to come and have it fitted, which, to be properly done, will require the patient's presence for two or three days to fit a leg, and one for an arm. When a leg is to be fitted, bear in mind to bring a shoe or boot, such as you wish to wear, (the lighter the boot the better) so that the foot may be made to correspond with the natural one. No limb will be allowed to go out of my manufactory until the patient presents himself and has it properly fitted, or a cast of the stump taken, except an arm for an amputation above the elbow, which, in most cases, can be fitted by measure, if properly taken. If any man would blindly throw away his money by having a leg made from the measures alone and sent to him, he must apply to some other manufacturer. I pride myself upon the fact that my legs are ■used, and not laid away in the garret and kept for exhibition, and I would not run the risk of sending out a limb that would be of no service to the purchaser. I know that some manufacturers advertise that they can fit a limb II. by mea.-uce, but' any one thai has ever had an artificial limb fitted at the manufactory knows better, and the manufacturer knows better himself; but rather than lose a job, they say they will warrant it to lit, and if it does not, they will alter it free of charge. That is all very well so far ; but suppose the leg does not tit, the patient has to send the leg back to the manufactory, and write him as near as he can how it is to be altered. The manufacturer alters it a little, and returns it, saying it is all right now. The patient puts it on and wears it. It may hurt him still, but the manufacturer says it is all right, and the patient thinks, then, it must be so, and that the fault must be in him or his stump; and consequently, he will grin and bear it, or lay it aside, and say his stump is not right for an artificial limb, and return to the use of his crutches and mourn over the loss of money he paid for the limb. T find there are many in the West who have ordered limbs from the East, and had them fitted by measure, and but a very few ever wear them but a little. Some lay them aside for another kind, and some discard them forever and take to a peg-leg, or crutches. I know there has been some limbs fitted by measure that have done very well, but those are cases where the patient has never worn an artificial limb, and the stump was very fleshy, so that it would adapt itself to any socket that was large enough. But even such cases are very few. I am thus plain for the reason that many patients write me, asking 'if they can't save the expense of a journey to the manufactory ; and when I write them that it is necessary for them to be at the manu- factory, some say that Mr.----, of Philadelphia or New York (as the case may be), will make me one and fit it by measure, and why can't you ? To such I would say I can do it just the same as any other manufacturer, if I would ; but those that wish to try the experi- ment, I had rather they would apply to some other : . ; i ■ ;: Most every week I have a practical illustration of such ~i^i.fc.*^fc^;g artificial legs. ^^ I am often asked why a soldier has to pay extra out of hi3 own money to get oiie of the best kind of artificial arms. The reason is this : Congress appropriated a certain amount of money to buy each soldier an artificial limb that had the misfortune to lose a limb while in the service of the United States, and authorized the Surgeon- General of the United States Army to contract with the different manufacturers to furnish the same. The Surgeon-General then appointed a board of eminent surgeons, to meet in New York in March, 1865, to inspect different samples of artificial limbs, and to report to him their relative value and merits, and to establish a price on each manufacturer's limbs that should be approved as being worthy of being furnished to soldiers by Government, and the different manufacturers were notified that if they wished to compete for a Government work they must present models, samples and prices of limbs to this board for inspection. Some of the inferior limbs were offered and accepted for the amount appropriated by Congress. The manufacturers of the best arms would not offer theirs' in competition with the inferior ones and for the amount appropriated by Congress. Consequently, it was III. agreed between the Surgeon-General and the owners of some of the best patent artificial arms, that, should soldiers desire to procure the more expensive limbs, the maximum price for each will be allowed in part payment, and the soldiers charged with the balance; but in no case is the manufacturers allowed to charge any more than the price agreed upon between them and the Surgeon-General. The Lincoln arm was the only one for an amputation above the elbow that was offered for the government order, and the arm I manufacture (the National Leg and Arm Company's Patent,) is the only one for amputations below the elbow that the manufacturers are allowed to charge anything more than the government order. This arm was considered superior to any other arm offered, and an agreement was, made between the Surgeon-General and the proprietors of this arm to supply soldiers that wish it with this arm for the small sum of $30, besides the government order for amputation either above or below the elbow. I will supply soldiers with any other arm at prices agreed upon between the Surgeon-General and the manufacturers. When soldiers apply for an arm and do not state which kind they want, I shall expect they want the best kind, which is $30, besides their Government order, including free transportation to and from the manufactory. CAN A SOLDIER DRAW THE MONEY INSTEAD OF AN ARTIFI- CIAL LIMB ? This is a question that is often asked, and in answer to all such inquiries I would say that Government pays no money instead of an artificial limb. A soldier that has lost a limb in the army is obliged to accept an order on some manufacturer that has a contract for supplying soldiers with artificial ones, or have nothing as compen- sation. The reason for this is very plain. Congress knew when they appropriated this money that it was better for the soldiers to have an artificial limb than to have the worth of it in money to use for other purposes. || v TERMS OF PAYMENT. I am often asked what are the terms of payment for an artificial limb. In reply I have to say that as most of our work is done for strangers, living far away, and as an artificial limb made for one will not fit another person without a heavy expense to me in altering it, I have adopted the same rule as all other first class artificial limb manufacturers, to wit: that twenty or twenty-five per cent, of the purchase money must accompany each Order for a new limb (except Government orders,) before the limb will be so far completed but what it could be easily altered for another, in case the party ordering it should fail to come after it. When the limb is fitted the balance is considered due. All bills either for new work or repairing are pay- able at' the office, and any bills sent away by express will be marked C. O. D., and charged with the express charges on return money. Money can be safely sent either by postoffice orders, draft on New York or by express. J. A. FOSTER. 2 PREFACE. In offering this, the fourth edition, to the public, I do not intend to deceive any one, but merely to show the improvements that have been made in Artificial Limbs, and the advantages I possess over other manufacturers for making such improvements. For the truth of my statements, I refer the reader to the certificates published in this pamphlet. I know that the attention of the ingenious and humane has long been directed to the construction of a substitute for a lost limb, some- thing that should possess symmetrical beauty and graceful movement, combined Avith durability. For some time before I suffered an ampu- tation, I felt a great interest in the result of these efforts, and when it was ascertained for a certainty, that I must have my limb amputated, the anxiety with which I watched and hoped for their success cannot be expressed. The limbs invented have been as various as the minds that origi- nated them, though but few have proved of sufficient utility to find favor with the public for any great length of time. The war through which we have just passed called into activity the inventive g*enious of our people in a remarkable degree, and many kinds of artificial limbs will date their origin from the great struggle of the past six years. The wooden peg leg which was used by the disabled hero, according to the cuts in our old books, is now displaced by the handsomely turned and graceful limb of late inventors. In the case of the loss of a limb, a simple peg or hook is found to be quite useful and easily applied, but is neither graceful nor beaui^il. The great object now to be attained is to combine those qualitiesin the limb that will make it practically available in the rough and tumble of every day life, as well as beautiful in form and finish. I believe my Patent Union Leg now stands pre-eminent amono- its rivals for lightness and durability, combined with beauty of form and finish, affording the wearer the satisfying consciousness, that what he uses to conceal his loss is not a disgusting appendage, but on the con- trary, a limb entirely worthy to conceal his loss. After reading the following pages I leave the reader to judge whether I have had supe- rior advantages in experimenting with the artificial leo-. I consider the person, tbat has suffered an amputation, and, after wearino- a limb made by another manufacturer procured one of mine, the best judo-e for he (not like myself) is only interested in getting the best that°is made. I, therefore, earnestly request a perusal of the certificates herewith appended, and, if they have any doubts of their authenticity, correspond with any of their authors. Their addresses are given in full, it will be observed, for that purpose. 3 DESCRIPTION OF James A. Foster's PATENT UNION ARTIFICIAL LIMB. PATENTED AUGUST 8th, 1865. I call it the Union Limb, because it combines all the qualifications that can be expected to be found in artificial limbs, namely : lightness, strength, simplicity of construc- tion, durability, naturalness of motion and anatomical beauty. Although this patent is of recent date, the im- provements have been in use over five years—long enough to test their durability. In giving a description of the Union Limb I will state where some of the most prominent manufacturers fail, and how I remedy their imperfections. In speaking of their imperfections, I do not wish it understood that I consider them failures, for some of them have proved good substi- tures for the natural limb, and have gladdened the hearts of many, who by their assistance, have been enabled to walk again. But, while I allow that some have brought honor to the inventors, there are, undoubtedly, others that every man who attempts to wear one of them, will pronounce nuisances. Admitting that they have all been very good and serviceable and all that, is it any reason that there can be no improvements made on them as well as on any other article of manufacture? In these days of mutilated soldiers, railroad employes, &c, I know of no branch of the manufacturing business that needs to be brought nearer perfection than this. Most of the 4 manufacturers make their limbs after patents issued some time ago— Palmer's over twenty years, it having been renewed once. I claim that no other manufacturer has had the same facilities for making improvements' in artificial limbs that I have, for I had served a regu- lar apprenticeship and wa? a practical mechanic before I lost my limb, which was amputated in February, 1860, since which time I have served my time with the best manufacturer in the State of New York, where repairing limbs made by other manufacturers enabled me to see what improvements might be made and to test them by practical experience. The knee joints I discovered were very defective. The knee pin being too small and not properly bushed, of course, soon wears loose, thereby causing—as all who wear artificial limbs will know—a very disagreeable noise when walking, which the wearer cannot obviate without sending the limb to the manufacturer's for repairs. The knee spring in general use causes a very unnatural step and appearance by its rigidness. When the knee is flexed, in the act of taking a step, the foot is brought forward with such force that it causes a very dis- agreeable appearance, for often the foot is brought with such force, that it is thrown so high that when it is brought in contact with the floor it makes a very disagreeable sound, which notifies all passers that an artificial leg is worn. Another and still more important failure is in the way the knee is adjusted, which is not noticed by spectators, unless a person is seen prostrate on the ground, or picking himself up, either of which position is very disagreeable to the wearer. I would ask any one who has worn an artificial leg, manufactured by Palmer and many others for a thigh amputation, whether, if he hap- pens to put his weight upon it when the knee is partially flexed in the act of taking a step, if it will not give way and cause him to fall unless he is very active. An old man is sure to get a fall in such a case. Some have tried to obviate this defect by making the knee- spring of sufficient rigidity to insure safety, thus causing the unnatural gait and thumping sound which characterize most of all artificial legs now in use. Some manufacturers of late have tried to get rid of that disagreeable rattling of the knee-joint, but without success so far. It is very essential that the knee-joint should be so constructed as to do away with this tendency to fly out forward unless kept in a cer- tain position, and at the same time possess the power to draw the foot forward with an easy, natural motion, that will resemble very closely the motion of the natural limb. It is also necessary to have some method of regulating it so that it will compensate for the wear- ing of the bolt and prevent the rattling so often heard in artificial joints. In the first artificial limb I made and wore, the knee-joint was constructed after the most common pattern used at the time. I used this limb for some time, but found it necessary to be very careful to prevent falling. One day while at work in the shop, in an ungarded moment, the knee-joint bent forward so suddenly that I had no time to save myself, and measured my length on the floor. Although not very pleasant,'it resulted in some good, for I soon conceived the idea that there could be some improvements made that would remedy this 5 fault. I immediately began experimenting, and, after several unsuc- cessful experiments, I finally succeeded in constructing a joint that was perfectly free from such tendencies. It comprises three very essen- tial qualities, viz: It takes the place of the knee-spring, regulates the motion of the lower part of the limb, causing it to move in harmony with the natural one, and compensates for any wear in the bushing of the knee bolt, thereby entirely doing away with the tending to rattle which is a characteristic of all other artificial limbs. All three of these very important improvements can be regulated by the turning of one screw, which is placed in a position to enable the wearer to operate it without difficulty. The Achilles or heel cord, in the most of artificial legs, often proves a nuisance. Those made of catgut would be sufficiently strong, were it not for the short bend caused by the motion of the foot. This material is so brittle that it soon breaks close to the foot, and all who have worn limbs with this kind of a cord well know the trouble and expense necessarily incurred in getting it replaced. They usually last from one to two years, and are made in such a way that none but the manufacturer can replace them. I make them of the best linen thread, consequently the short bend will not break them. I insert them in such a way that if one should give way (which never has happened yet, although in use over five years) that the wearer can replace it himself without damaging or defacing the foot. The ankle joint in an artificial limb is the most important part. I say most important, because most liable to get out of repair, and should be made as light, simple and durable as possibe. The Palmer and many other ankle joints are defective on account of the small pin that goes through the foot, which wears too fast, thus causing a great deal of trouble to keep it properly bushed to prevent noise, . The above extracts I publish without his knowledge. I do it to show how a man sometimes gets" disappointed. Mr. Morse is fifty one years of a*e, and at the time he came to see about getting a limb he was very fleshy and clumsy, and it was with difficulty that he ascended a flight of stairs. He said if he could get an artificial leg that he could get around on he would be perfectly satisfied for he did not expect to do any more labor. Mr. Morse of late has been engagedd in farming, but was formerly a'practical mechanic, and the following letter needs no*comments : Columbus, Wis., October 23d, 1866. J as. A. Foster.— Dear Sir, —I am perfectly satisfied with the arti- ficial leg you made for me last April. When I examined into the princi- ples upon which your limb was constructed I thought it superior to any other, and a trial of it has only served to confirm me in that opinion. It works admirably—I can get around better and do more worK than any person I ever met with wearing an artificial leg; in faet I do not believe there is a limb manufactured in the country that can compete with it. Yours respectfully, HENRY MORSE. The following extracts from letters received from Miss M. J. Hanna are published without her knowledge, but judging from the tone of her letter sent me for publication that she will not be offended, and therefore I take the liberty to publish them. June 10th, 1866, she writes :— I received my artificial limb last Thursday, and cannot find language to tell you how well I am pleased with it. I have worn it three days and am able to jump the rope with any of my scholars. I have now been in school three weeks ; I have forty scholars; I get along nicely with them and enjoy myself very much, as teaching is my favorite occupation. July 8th. I get along nicely with my artificial limb; I like it better everyday I wear it. The longest walk I have taken yet is three miles. August 18th. I think it terrible to be deprived of the privilege of; walking, and often think what a blessing the men who brought artificial limbs to such perfection have conferred upon their unfortunate fellow creatures. I have not known what real comfort was for the last eleven years until I procur- ed this artificial limb of you, and I cannot feel thankful enough for the enjoyment it has afforded me. I use it with perfect ease, and do not hesitate to walk off two aiid. a half miles in an evening. 25 October 4th. ^ My brother wishes me to say to you, that jhis artificial limb works capitally and shows no signs of getting out of repair. He met a man last Wednesday who was wearing an artificial limb manufactured by Dr. Bly, and after walking a while and comparing notes he told my brother he should get one of your manufacture. Ravena, Mich., November oth, 1866. Mr. Jas. A. Foster, 192 Jefferson Avenue, Detroit, Mich. Dear Sir, — Hearing you are about to publish a list'of voluntary testimonials from those that are wearing your limb, I hasten to bear wit- ness to its goodness. Really I am doing so well with it that I do not know on what particular point to speak. I can do house work with perfect ease; I can again mix in an assem- blage of people without being gazed upon or pointed at, or what is still worse to hear that harsh though often kindly meant exclamation 'there is a cripple.' Your artificial limbs need no eulogy from my pen, they only need to be seen and applied to be appreciated. I shall take much pains to recommend them, when I meet with those in need of a substitute for a lost limb. Yours very respectfully, MISS MARY JANE HANNA, Ravena, Mich., November 5th, 1866. Jas. A. Foster,—Dear Sir,—I have been wearing the artificial leg which you fitted to me a little over a year. Since the first week I have worn it without inconvenience. I think it is the best artificial limb made for utility, because the construction is so simple that there is very little machinery to get out of repair. To all wishing artificial limbs I would say, hjy all means procure one of Mr. Foster's patent. Yours respectfully, ALEXANDER HANNA. Detroit, December 5th, 1866. J. A. Foster,—Dear Sir,—I have worn one of your legs one year without its Keing once out of order or needing repairs. I am a machinist by occupation, and run the largest lathe in the Detroit and Milwaukee R. R. machine shop without difficulty. Previous to getting a limb of you I had worn one of Dr. Bly's ball and socket legs for five years, which got out of order so often that it cost me more for repairs during that time than I paid for it new, whereas with yours it ds quite the contrary, it being as good to day as the day I purchased it, and for comfort, natural- ness of movement, and beauty of finish it cannot be surpassed. I examined many kinds of legs before purchasing 'of you, and have arrived at the conclusion that you make the best that can be procured on this continent, and most cheerfully recommend it to all who need such a substitute. Yours respectfully, HENRY MERDIAN,, 26 F. G. RAND, OF DETROIT, MICH. AS HE IS. AS HE WAS. Detroit, Mich., December 10th, 1866. James A. Foster,—Dear Sir,—It is with profound sentiments of gratitude and thankfulness that I now beg leave to give you my experi- ence thus far with the two artificial legs which you applied to me. For the benefit of those that may have the misfortune to have both feet ampu- tated, and have any doubts about being able to wear two artificial legs, I will state my case. On the night of the 9th of December, 1863, I froze my hands and feet. On the 25th of the same month it became necessary to have both feet amputated, and eight days after both hands. My case has always been considered a hopeless one, for I had no hands to carry a [cane in learning to walk; but your encouragements inspired me with hope, and all I have to regret is that I did not get them sooner. Thus far in using them they have far exceeded my expectations, for the first time I put them on I walked and descended a flight of stairs without difficulty. The result is a complete triumph. No one can sufficiently esteem the importance of a pair of artificial legs to mankind save those whom mis- fortune compels to wear them. yours respectfully, F. G. RAND. 2? Detroit, December 10th, 1866. Mr. James Foster,—Dear Sir,— The limb you manufactured 'for me works admirably, and thus far has more than equalled my expecta- tions. A1; the time I applied to you for a leg I had very little hope of getting one that I could wear with any comfort or feeling of security. I had been wearing one of the celebrated ball and socket inventions called artificial limbs, manufactured by Dr. Bly, until my patience was nearly worn out and the leg completely used up. It required about eighteen month's to accomplish this. During that time I had to send the leg to Rochester for repairs twice, besides having a new set of cords and springs which I put in my- self. I have examined several other kinds of artificial limbs, and I have no hesitancy in saying that it is my opinion that the Foster leg is superior to any I have yet seen. Yours truly, JAMES R. DUTTON. 141 Grand River St., Detroit, Mich., December 21st, 1866. Mr. James Foster,—Dear Sir,—As you are about to publish a few voluntary testimonials from those that are wearing your Patent Artificial limbs, you may say for me, that if any one wishes to know how I like the artificial leg you made for me about sixteen months ago, they can write to me or call and see it in use. Yours, &c, WM. E. SPRINGSTEEN. Flint, Mich., December 9th, 1866. Jas. A. Foster,—Dear Sir,—I received my artificial leg yesterday all right. I think it is very nice; it is a much better shape than I thought you could make it, on account of the stump being so long. I havi worn it all day yesterday and it feels quite comfortable. I can walk so much easier with it than I could with the old one (made by Pal- mer) that I almost feel as though I had "my natural leg. I will write you again in a few days after I see how I can work with it, but I think I will be able to do about as much work as ever. Later, the 20th.—My artificial leg works finely. Yours respectfully, JOHN H. CAREY. Lisbon Centre, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., Dec. 7, 1863. Me. Jas. A. Foster,—Dear Sir,—I hardly know what to say about my leg; I can wear it all the time and feel scarcely any pain. The trouble is all in the knee joint, I think the bolt is too near the back side of the leg, causing it to tip forward too easy. I have worn it ev«ry day I have been home. I wore it to church last Sunday and the folks thought I walked very well, but I have to be very oareful of the knee or I should get some hard falls. If it were not for the knee joints bothering me by flying out, I could walk five miles per day; as it is, I can walk one mile. Yours respectfully, JAMES J. HARPBR. 28 Nan—The above is taken from a letter written a few days after he got hfs l7g He seems to think the knee is not quite right, and I think no one will wonder at it when they read his next letter and find that his stump is only one inch and seven-eights in length from the hip joint. Nearly all, when learning to walk with an artificial knee, ™^~ *«? » »™ thing wrong with it. This is a natural consequence from the fact that a person with a thigh amputation always sits or stands with the stump in- clined forward, thereby acquiring a habit of carrying it m that position which has to be corrected when the limb is put on. They soon learn that the trouble is with themselves and not the leg, by using it. J. A. b. Additional Testimony from Jas. J. Harper. Lisbon Centre, Sept. 26, 1864. Mr. James A. Foster,—Dear Sir,—I am still wearing the artificial limb you made me, and feel a satisfaction in saying that it more than meets my expectation for its lightness, adaptation, durability, anatomical beauty and naturalness of motion. For the benefit of those who have been as unfortunate as myself, I will give a short history of my case, which I believe has never had its parallel since the invention of artificial limbs. You have a perfect right to make use of it in any way you please or refer to me at any time. Having had the misfortune to lose my leg close to the body—stump one inch and seven-eights long—and being very desirous to know if it were possible for me to wear an artificial limb, I wrote to Mr. Condell telling him my condition ; he .considered my case so hopeless that he did not answer my letter. I then visited Dr. Bly of Rochester; he did not think J could wear one, but said if I would bandage my stump awhile and come again, he would tell me whether he could do anything for me or not. He had written to me of men wearing limbs with stumps as short as mine, bet when I was there he had nothing to say of such cases, and told me it would be no credit to him or to me to make me a limb, as he considered my case hopeless. I went home thinking I should be forced to go upon crutches the remainder of my life, and think I should not have been so happily disappointed had I not accidentally met you at Potsdam, walking perfectly well without the aid of a cane. I would not give you my measure at that time because I doubted your having made the limb you^wore, but when I ascertained that such was the case, and that you were about going west to start business on your own account, I determined to have you try to set me walking. How well you succeeded you can judge when I tell what I can do and have done. I am a farmer, and thej past season hoed, mowed, pitched hay, and done many other kinds of work that is to be done on a farm. I am a commissioner of highways, and a few days since had occasion to survey a new road through woods a distance of three miles. The weather was very warm, but I went through without trouble and could have gone farther. I think anyone wearing an artificial leg with an artifi- cial knee will agree with me in saying it would be as easy to walk six miles on a good road. I think on a cool day on a good road I could walk eight miles without starting the skin. Everyone that has seen me use it has been astonished, and Dr. Brydges of Ogdensburg, who amputated my leg, 2^ considers it a miracle, and that I should be grateful to you as long as I live. In conclusion 1 would say that I consider myself qualified to re- commend your limbs, and will be most happy to give any information in my power to any who mav wish it. I have never seen one who could walk better than you with an artificial knee, and feel justified in advising all who have lost limbs to go to yOu, from the fact that no person is so well qualified to fit a limb as he who wears one himself. Yours respectfully, JAS. J. HARPER. Additional testimony from Jas. J. Harper. Lisbon Centre, Jan. 81, 1865. Mr. Jas. A. Foster,—Deaf Sir,—My leg is all right. I have worn it every day and failed to find any weak points in it. It would surprise you to see how well I can walk. I have done my own chores nearly all the winter; have drawn my own wood, and can do more work than I ever expected to be able to do again. I am sorry you have settled so far away as it will be so far to go if I should happen to break down. Dr. Bridges, Dr. Ftirness and Dr. Crookshank of Ogdensburg, say that I am walking better than they (ever thought any one could with so short a stump, and I am improving every day. Truly yours, JAS. J. HARPER. After reading the above letters, can any one doubt the ability of a person to walk and do business with a good limb if he has as much stump as Mr. Harper. The reason so many persons do not wear limbs after being to the expense of getting them, is because they are not properly fitted. The advantage that I possess over others in fitting is that I wear a, full length limb myself and of course can tell how it should fit to work with ease and comfort. I often find persons who have purchased limbs, and after trying them a few months lay them aside, concluding it impos- sible for them to wear one. Any who have brought them to me with such complaints I have never failed to set walking. J. A. F. The following testimony is from a man who has worn three other ar- tificial legs. He said, when he came to me, that he did not believe there could be one made that would hold him. How I have succeeded, his Tel- ler will show: West Stockholm, N. Y., Oct. 12, 1864. Mr. James A. Foster,—Dear Sir,—The leg you made for me is the fourth I have had, and [ consider it much better than any I have tried before. I tend saw-mill and get as much wages as those with two good legs, and I challenge the State to produce a man who will outdo me in like circumstances. I can carry two bushels of wheat up stairs, plac- ing the false foot forward alternately, and step upon a platform 2 1-2 feet high with perfect ease. I hunt, fish, run, scuffle and jump—have worn your leg six months, trying it thoroughly, and, in conclusion, will say I consider yours the best artificial limb manufactured in the United States. Yours truly, I. F. FOLSOM. 30 Additional testimony from L F. Folsom. December 25, 1864. Mr. Foster—&r,—My leg works first-rate. I work on it all the time, boarding one-half mile from the mill, which I travel at present through snow one foot in depth. I am sawing shingles, and 1 do not be_ lieve there is a leg made that will do better service. If there can, 1 would go twenty miles to see and test it. You know that proof ot the pudding is eating it, andan artificial leg by wearing. Yours, &c, L F. 10LSOM. Still later evidence from the same source: January 14, 1865. Mr. Foster,—Dear Sir,—I sawed five and one-half thousands of cedar shingles yesterday and walked one mile, besides going visiting in the evening, and having a good time generally, Yours, &c, I. F. FOLSOM. Rouse's Point, N. Y., August 18,1864. Jas. A. Foster,—Dear Sir,—I promised to let you know how I liked my limb. I will tell you. I have worn Palmer's eleven years, and also one of James Drake's, and yours surpasses them both for lightness, durability and beauty. I have worked five months, ten hours per day, walking, as near as I can calculate, five miles each day. I would recom- mend all who have lost limbs to procure one of your make, and I think you will find plenty of business, without going West, as you talk of doing. I intend coming to see you the first of next month. Yours truly, THOS. HAYES. Later from the same source: Rouse's Point, N. Y., March 27, 1865. Mr. Foster,—Dear Sir,—My leg gives perfect satisfaction so far, and if I wished another I should certainly come to you. I have worn it about one year, and it shows no signs of failing as yet. Respectfully, &c, THOS. HAYES. Helena, N. Y., Sept. 11,1864, Mr. Jas. Foster,—£{r,—With the greatest satisfaction I Write these few lines to inform you and the public at large, that the leg you made me is a perfect fit, and in durability cannot be surpassed. I am a farmer by occupation—have used your leg for some time, and the longer I use it the better I like it. I have seen limbs made by Mr. Hudson, New York, and by a gentleman in Brockville—am persuaded that this surpasses them both. Trusting this information may do some other one good, I subscribe myself, Your friend, NICHOLAS SCULLEN. 31 Additional testimony from Nicholas Scullen: Helena, January 2, 1865. Mr. Foster,—My leg does remarkably well, and I am very much pleased with it. I nevser imagined I could be made to walk so well. Yours, NICHOLAS SCULLJEN. West Potsdam, August 26, 1864. Jas. A. Foster,—Sir,—I am happy to say the leg you made for me last winter is better than I anticipated. I put it on in March and have worn it ever since, only taking it off nights. I have walked a mile and back several times ; in fact the leg goes first-rate. You'fBwould be surprised to see me walk, I have improved so much, and I advise all who have lost a limb to avail themselves of one of your substitutes. Respectfully yours, ANDREW J. COLE. The following letter is from a boy only fifteen years of age, whose father was opposed to his having a leg while so young, because he feared he would not learn to use it, or, if he did, would (soon outgrow it. The first objection is answered by the letter itself. As for the last, I will have to say that it is not necessary for a person to go on crutches until they get their growth. The sooner one gets a limb, after the stump is thoroughly healed, the better. For a person who has not his growth,the limb can be made a little longer, and then, by putting very little heel on the boot upon the false limb and a high one upon the other, a variation of from One to three inches can be made, by taking from one boot and adding to the other, as necessity requires. It can be done also by mak- ing the lower part of the leg a very little longer than the natural one, and the upper part enough shorter to get the right length, and after the person has his growth splicing it with a new fit. Some might think this would appearfawkward, but it will not be noticed when walking, and only slightly perceptible when sitting. J. A. F. Potsdam, N. Y.. Sept. 8, 1864. Jas. A. Foster,—Dear Sir,—I take this opportunity to let you know how I get along with my leg. I am able to walk off pretty well without crutches, and father is very much pleased—says I am learning to walk very fast. I can wear it all day without removing it, and if I im- prove as fast for the next two weeks as I have for the last two, I shall be able to do almost as well as you do with yours. Please let me know where you stop when you go West. Yours truly, JOHN A. HAIG. Stockholm, N. Y., Jan. 16, 1865. Mr. Foster,—Sir,—The leg you made for me suits me well. I am so much attached to it that I have laid my other leg, that I got from Mr. Condell, entirely aside. I can walk and work with this with perfect ease, and would recommend your limbs to all who need such, as the 32 lightest, most substantial, and in all respects the best I have ever seen. Yours -pectful^iNGT()N ^^ Detroit, Mich., June 17, 1865. Mr. Jas. A. FosTER,-Dear Sir,-I send you this note to let you know how the leg suits which you made me. It is all right, and 1 feel with it—after going upon crutches so long-almost a new man, and am liking it better every day I use it. I think the apparatus you use in place of a knee spring a great improvement, for, since having mine chang- ed, I like the leg much better. I seem to be able to control it better, and feel safer upon it; besides, the satisfaction I have of knowing that it moves in a more natural manner, and all who see,me will not be able to tell, by the motion of the lower part, that I am wearing a wooden leg. I find no difficulty in walking with any of the wooden legged gentry, (al- ways excepting yourself,) even those wearing limbs made by the Eastern manufacturers, and have come to the conclusion, that it is possible for mechanics in the West to make the artificial limbs that are needed for their own section, and that there is no need of our submitting to the trou- ble and expense of a long journey merely for the privilege of paying our money to Eastern monopolists. You are at liberty to refer any wishing information to me, and I will be happy to show them the working of the article with which you have succeeded in making one ffeel almost a man again. Yours respectfully, D. D. DAVIS. Cambria Mills, Hillsdale Co., Mich., June 16, 1865. Mr. James A. Foster,—Dear Sir,—It is now five weeks since re- ceiving my leg, of your manufacture, and, in reply to your inquiry as to how I like it, I feel happy to state that for lightness, strength, form and motion, and ease in walking, it far exceeds my most sanguine expectations. I have worn it every day except one since receiving it, and do not pre- tend to use crutches. I can walk quite well without a cane even, and feel perfectly safe in saying that I can walk with any man whose stump is no longer than mine (7 inches,) and who has used his leg no longer. I care not where it was made. Previous to seeing your work I had de- termined to procure one of Bly's ball and socket limbs, but, after compar- ing and utterly failing to find any advantage to be derived from the side motion, by talking with and finding out the experiences of those who had worn both, I at once concluded to get yours, and can say I have found no reason to regret my ehoice. Respectfully, &c, ROBT. McDOUGALL. The writer'of the following has had his leg but a few days, but seems t© think he will learn to use. East Ogdbn, Mich., April 12, 1865. Mr. Foster,—-Dear Sir,—My leg has arrived all right, and I have worn it all day. So far it does not hurt me much, .and I do not use my 33 crutch at all. It is very awkward getting up or down stairs, or stepping over anything with it, but for all that I could walk eight or ten miles a day now, and not mind it much. I have seen a number of artificial legs, and I think yours the easiest and most natural to walk with of any. Yours very respectfully, MATTHEW BROCKWAY. Additional testimony from the above: East Ogden, May 31, 1865. Jas. A. Foster.—Dear Sir,—I can say you make the [best ft, and your limbs possess the most natural movement of any I have yet seen. All who see me say they could not tell that I had a false leg by my walk. Yours, &c, MATTHEW BROCKWAY. 34 LOUIS BLACK. ALBERT LANDSBEI.G X^. BLACK Ac OO., OWX0XA»ST8 9 194 JEFFERSON AVENUE, Corner of Bates St., - DETROIT, MICII. Importers of and Dealers in Spectacles, Eye-Glasses, Micrascopes, Telescopes, Opera and Marine-Glasses, Draughtsmen's Instruments, Stereoscopes, Stereo-Views, Barometers, Compasses, Picture-Frames, Moulding-s, Photographs, etc., etc. Artificial Human Eyes Inserted without Pain. 35 It will be seen by reference to an advertisement on the next page that the Proprietor of the « WESTEaBtIV -RTTIR^L," Is now offering great inducements in the way of PREMIUMS ! not only to Disabled Soldiees, but to all who will procure subscribers for that LARGE QUARTO WEEKLY, a valuable Journal for the Farm and Fireside, published at Chicago and Detroit. Never before were such liberal inducements offered to those who have been so unfortunate as to lose a LEG- to procure the very best kind of an artificial one. The offer is such that any deserving person in need can, with a very little exertion, procure one of the very best kind. I believe, with this very liberal offer, there can be no excuse to be hobbling about on crutches, or to drag out a miserable existence on an old fashioned peg leg. I be- lieve there is hardly a person in the country who would refuse to sub- scribe to aid such an undertaking after seeing a copy of the paper. His PREMIUMS of Sewing Machines, Clothes Wringers, Photo- graph Albums, &c, are offers of most extraordinary liberality. It is something over two years since I became acquainted with Mr. Lewis, the proprietor, and his paper the Western Rural. Although I am not a farmer, I always find it very interesting and useful to all classes of persons. To show how easy it is to obtain subscribers for the Western Rural, and how well pleased the recipients are with the premiums, and how prompt the proprietor is in forwarding all premiums due, I will here publish a letter received from the person that received the first premium Sewing Machine, and one from a "War Widow," both of which I have seen, and as they speak plainly for themselves they need no comments. J. A. FOSTER. Appleton, Wis., Nov. 15, 1866. Mr. H. N. V. Lewis, 1C4 and 166 Randolph Street, Chicago, 111.: Dear Sir:—The Sewing Machine was duly received, in fine order, and works admirably. It was easily obtained, because It was so easy to obtain subscribers to your interesting "Western Rural," As you will see by the new list which follows, I have not yet exhausted the field, but expect soon to call for another machine. I am compelled to seek my support by such means as I have at hand, and brains must make up for lack of physical resources. I looked about and found that your "Rural" would pay lor exten- sive circulation—pay both myself and those who would subscribe for it. Speaking from expeiience,'l can advise all disabled soldiers to try the introdnction of your paper in their respective sections. Yours, O. B. Stevens. Forksville, Lake Co., III., Dec. 18,1866. Mr H N. F Lewis—Dear Sir.—I write to return my thanks lor your prompt attention in for- warding the No. 3 Wheeler and Wileon Sewing Machine by the U. S. Express Co., which came to hand in gocd order, and I am glad also to add gives entire satisfaction. As I am a " war widow," dependent upon my labors for a livelihood, the Machine will be a great help to me. I can also say that the twenty-five subscribers are nearly all of them farmers, who will appreciate your excellent paper, and I have no doubt will deem it indispensable at the end of the year. . ' Yours respectfully, Mrs. A. E. Smith. 36 For WesternFarms and WestemHomes. ._____m » »■---■—" THE WESTERN RURAL, A Large Quarto Weekly Journal for the Farm and Fireside, PUBLISHED at OHIOAGO and DETROIT. The Western Rural commenced its Fifth ™™^ nuarj 1st 18G7. It has been received" with emphatic approval b[^* *J^ *™ Peonle and now finds its way regularly to more than 20,000 firesides, rnduwards of 100,000 readers, embracing nearly every post office in the Western States. The Publisher will spare no effort to make it constantly mOTQ^&:goe^T^^ to the West and North-West gene, allv and that at Detroit more particularly to Michigan, matters of merely local interest in one being omitted in the other-each comprising some- thing of yeneral value-thus combining the facilities and advantages ot two papers in one. ____________ WHAT THE PRESS SAYS: From a great number of complimentary notices we extract: The Western Rural possesses uncommon excellence as an agricultural journal, and has al- ready won a very large circulation throughout the West.—Chicago Journal. The fact that the circulation of the Western Rural steadily Increases is proof that the people like it.—Detroit Advertiser and Tribune. Western Farmers find it better adapted to their wants than Eastern journals.—Chicago Times. The Western Rural has established a popularity beyond precedent.— Detroit Free Press. Our readers should give it preference to any Eastern agricultural paper.—Chicago Tribune. TERMS.—Single copy, $2.50 per year; $2.00 in clubs of four and more—with a copy free for a club of eight. SPLENDID PREMIUMS AND PRIZES. One half of the entire Receipts will be given on all subscriptions (not less than ten subscribers) at our Club Rate, ($2.00 per year,) procured and forwarded by disabled soldiers, or other uorthy disabled persons, payable in Cash Orders for Foster's Celebrated Artificial Leys, manufactured in Cincin- nati or Detroit. A Wheeler & Wilson Family Sewing Machine, No. 3, worth $60, will be given for 25 new subscribers at our single subscription price, $2.50 per year each, or for 50 subscribers at our club rate ($2.00 per year each.) Machines warranted and shipped from New York, Chicago or Detroit, as most convenient to recipient. Also liberal premiums of Books, Photograph Albums, Clothes Wringers, etc., for clubs of four and upward, with Cash Prizes for largest lists. Subscriptions can commence with the first of any month. A club need not all be at one post office, and names may be sent as fast as procured. No charge for changing addresses. Specimen Copies, Supplements for distribution, etc., sent free in any quantity desired, and full particulars. Address, H. N. F. LEWIS, Publisher Western Sural, at either Chicago or Detroit Printing Offices: Chicago, 164 and 166 Randolph St., Detroit, 192 Jefferson Ave. ADDITIONAL TESTIMONIALS. Since the foregoing was in type I have received the following cer- tificates and notices from the leading papers published in the West: ANOTHER CASE OF A DOUBLE AMPUTATION. Bay City, Mich., February 5, 1868. James A. Foster—Sir: In relation to your inquiry how I get along with the pair of artificial legs which you applied to me a year ago, I am happy to inform you that they are a success, beyond my hopeful expectation. I can now chop, saw and split wood, and do many kinds of out-door labor. I can walk out two miles from home, and back with ease. I never anticipated that I could accomplish what I can with a pair of artificial limbs. I can now walk about in a crowd of people, and no one would mistrust that I walk on a pair of artificial legs. Yours, &c, Frederick Stockle. Detroit, July 12, 1867. Mr. James A. Foster, Cincinnati: Dear Sir—I take this opportunity to express my entire satisfaction with the artificial limb that you made for me last winter. I have now worn it about eight months, and have not spent a moment in keeping it in order; in fact, so strongly is it made that it seems almost impos- sible for it, with ordinary wear, to get out of order. It is more than a pound lighter than my "Bly" limb, and I pronounce it by far the best in every respect that I ever saw. I have worn each of the two most celebrated limbs in the country, and can truly say that I think that neither of them approximate yours in any point of worth, more especially the " Bly" limb, whose excellence must, I think, consist mainly in its reputation, as the one for which I paid $175 became al- most worthlesss in six months wear, notwithstanding the amount of time that I daily devoted to keeping it in order. I have seen a num- ber of persons who have discarded the "Bly" limb for yours, and they all concur in pronouncing yours the ultima thule of perfection in artificial limbs. I urge all wishing a leg to come to you, as your yoke is easy and your burden (leg) comparatively light. Wishing you and your admirable limb the success you merit, I remain, sir, yours truly, J. H. McMillan, 38 Ailsa Craig, C. W., February 6,1868. James A. Foster, Detroit, Mich. Dear Sir—Doctor Blv's superintendent in his artificial limb manu- factory, at Chicago, 111., wanted I should write him a piece for publi- cation, stating how I like his artificial legs, and I have concluded to comply with his request; and as I have one of your manufacture, I thought I would send it to you and let you publish it, too, hoping you will send Mr. Gardner a copy of it, as I do not wish to show any partiality to either manufacturer. The following letter i* the recommendation that Mr. Gardner asked for: Ailsa Craig, C. \V., February 6, 1868. To Mr. John Gardner, Superintendent of Dr. Bly's Artificial Limb Manufactory, Chicago, III. Dear Sir—As you requested me to write, stating how I liked the artificial legs you made for me, I will do so. The first one you made for me was the celebrated Bail and Socket leg, with side motion at the ankle, which I used about fourteen month* and laid it aside completely used up. I then bought one of your Army and Navy legs, which I tried to use (with poor success) for three months and then laid it aside for one of Foster's Patent Union Artificial Legs, which I have now been using every day with success for the last sixteen months, which is all right now, and looks fair to be so for some time to come. In conclusion I would say, if Foster's leg proves in the future what it has in the past, I shall not want any more of your Anatomical, Ball and Socket, Universal and Side Motion legs. Yours very respectfully, Joseph Storehouse. Detroit, Mich., February 10, 1868. James Foster—Dear Sir : For the benefit of yourself and those who are so unfortunate as to be compelled to wear an artificial leg, I will give you a little of my experience in artificial limbs, which you are at liberty to publish or make use of in any way you see fit, or refer to me at any time. While serving my country I was wounded so that it became neces- sary to amputate my leg above the knee. I purchased one of Doctor Bly's celebrated Ball and Socket Anatomical artificial legs (which I supposed to be the best at the time), which I used for some three years. I had to overhaul it about once a week to keep it in running order. After witnessing the success of your artificial limbs (for almost three years,) which you applied to yourself and others, 1 thought best to try one of yours, and I am free to say that I do not regret it. The leg you manufactured is lighter, less complicated, less likely to get out of repair, more beautiful, easier to wear and the movement is more like nature's own work. The improvement vou have over all others in the knee joint is a decided success. E. F. Shepherd, 66 Washington Avenue. 39 Aurora, Ind., August 18, 1867. Mr. Jas. A. Foster—Dear Sir: Your note, asking me how I like the artificial leg which you made for me, is received, and I can say I am very well pleased with it. I like it much better than the one I had before, made by Mr. Jewett, of Washington, D. C, for it is not so complicated. The regulator you put in the knee is far superior to the old-fashion knee spring. I have not had one cent's worth of damage to it since I got it, and I can say that I think the leg suits me as well as any artificial leg I can get; and my friends tell me they think I walk more natural on it than on the one Jewett made for me. Yours very respectfully, James J. McConnell. Green Oak, Mich., January 28, 1868. James A. Foster, Detroit, Mich. It is now four months since I began wearing one of your " patent artificial legs." I can walk better and do more than I ever antici- pated when I lost my leg. I can walk four or five miles a day with- out a cane, pitch hay off and on the wagon, have plowed some since I put it on. I never take it off except when I go in for the night. Go up and down a ladder sixteen feet high without difficulty. Yours respectfully,. Geo. W. Dean. Almont, Lapeer Co., Mich., February 1, 1868. Mr. James A. Foster—My Dear Sir : It must be a great source of satisfaction to an inventor, after years of sedulous toil and study, to see his efforts crowned with success, and know his labors are appre- ciated ; that they have contributed their mite to assauge in a degree the great volume of human misery with which we find ourselves cir- cumscribed ; and, my dear sir, it gives me great pleasure to say that I believe this to be pre-eminently applicable to your patent artificial limb. And to those who have met with like affections, permit me to say I feel it a duty to recommend Mr. J. A. Foster's artificial limb, believing it to be the best now extant, all things considered, to wit: for beauty of finish, which we consider unique, for perfection of anatomical construction, for lightness, strength, last but not least, for durability. , The above qualification, associated with a perfect fit, which you are sure to get there, without which no limb can be of much worth (as well as the most courteous and kindly treatment), render it one of the most invaluable substitutes to be found anywhere on this terrestial g ° On the 18th day of July, 1866, my right leg was amputated four inches below the patela (knee pan) by Drs. O. P. Strobndge and Stone of Almont. About ten months since, by advice of Professors Gun and Pitcher, of Detroit, I applied to Mr. J. A. Foster for a substi- tute So weak was I at the time of adjustment that I could not raise my foot from the floor. Strength gradually returned to the stump. Some time since mv cane was laid bne side, in fact T do not pretend to 40 u,e one at all. Mv avocation is farming. I do my own chores, which is no small job for a sound man. With the assistance of one small bov, manage to attend 250 sheep, 16 head of cattle, 8 horses &c, &c. saw fire-wood for two fires and attend to considerable official .business besides. Now, permit me to say in conclusion, no money would induce me to do without one of your "limbs. My friends, be assured I write not this to cajole the inventor, nor for any mercenary purposes, but to act upon the old adage, to wit: (give the devil his due), and discharge an imperative duty to my suffering fellow beings, is my object. The foregoing you are at liberty to publish should you see fit. Most respectfully voure, Virgil S. Parmlee, J. I*. FOR SALE. Views of the Great Wire Suspension Bridge Across the Ohio River, at Cincinnati. As I have had many inquiries for a View of this Mammoth Bridge, and not being able to supply them, I hare, at a heavy expense, had a view of it engraved. The engraving is 10 by 17 inches, besides the statistical information. It is printed in two colors, and, when framed, it makes a beautiful picture of 14 by 19 inches. This is not a picture of what might be or is to be, but is engraved from a photograph taken of what is really the longest and most splendid suspension bridge yet made. The view is taken from the Covington, Ky., side of the river, which, not only shows the bridge, but levee, river, steam and other boats, and the great commercial and manufacturing city of Cincinnati. This engraving being so large, and showing the wires and other material so [>lain that a person that never saw a suspension bridge, will easily see how it is censtructed and immagine that he is looking at the real bridge itself, and wonder how man ever got such a mass of material stretched so high across such a long distance without any support in the middle. At the bottom of the engraving, suitable for coming within the frame, so as to be always handy for reference, are printed statistics (of the bridge, such as every one that ever sees the picture or bridge would naturally ask), such as giving the length and width of the bridge, length of main span rover the river, height of bridge from the water, height of tower, weight and strength of bridge, amount of lumber used in its construction, number of wires in the cable, cost of bridge, Ac, &c. Owing to the large amount of applications for this beautiful engraving, I am enabled to put the price at the small sum of Fifty Cents, or three to one ad- dress for Oxe Dollar. Parties living at a distance, and wishing a copy of this engraving, can have it sent, postage paid, on receipt of the above prices. The money may be sent at mv risk in a letter addre^.->d to James A. Foster, t\nrinnati, Ohio, Or Detroit, Mich. I 41 TESTIMONIALS FROM THE PRESS. The following complimentary notices by the the press of my Patent Union Artificial Limbs were received while they were on exhibition at the following State Agricultural and Mechanical Fairs : Michigan, held at Detroit. Ohio, " " Dayton. Kentucky, " " Louisville. Indiana, " " Terre Haute. Missouri, " " St. Louis. Western Rural, published at Chicago, 111., and Detroit, Mich., December 22d, 1866, in an editorial, said: Mr. Foster's limbs, as testimonials of surgeons and hundreds who have worn them will sbow, are unexcelled in America, if not in the world. He is a thorough practical mechanic, and the only manufac- turer of artificial limbs in the United States who himself wears a full-length limb, which he uses without a cane. Every department ;ind detail of his business is under his most vigilant supervision, and nothing is spared to render his limbs the very acme of perfection, Detroit Free Press, September 12th, 1867, speaking of articles on exhibition in Floral Hall, said : We notice a fine display of arti- ficial legs and arms by J. A. Foster, of Detroit and Cincinnati. These limbs have very flexi- ble knee, ankle and toe-joints, and a facsimile of a letter alleged to have been written by a soldier who has been furnished with arms of this pattern, showing a plain and legible hand writing, better far, might say the typos, than others " we wot of." Louisville, Kt., Journal, September 20th, 1S67, said : We also notice the artificial arms and legs manufactured by Mr. James A. Fos- ter, of Cincinnati, Ohio. They are, seemingly, the perfection of such work, and possess many advantages over most of the artificial limbs now in use. Mr. Foster lost his leg, and studied out the best form of a substitute. He has succeeded in making wooden substitutes that cannot be told from real flesh and blood when they are worn. The Palmer leg and the Bly leg are more complicated, more costly and more liable to get out of order. We saw some writing done by a soldier, who had lost both arms, but used Foster's artificial ones to such a purpose that the writing was better than that of some men who have good natural arms. We were very much interested in Mr. Foster's display, and can refer those afflicted to him for assistance. Louisville, Ky., Courier, September 21st, 1867, under the head of " valuable and praise- worthy," said: The premium awarded to Jas. A. Foster, of Cincinnati, yesterday, for the best collection of artificial limbs, was just and right, for at no time in the world's history was there more need of having them to per- fection than at the present time. The limbs surpass anything of the ki»d we have ever examined, and we see no chance for improve- ment in form, finish or utility. We think that any one who will call on Mr. Foster and ex- amine his improvements will be easily con- vinced that he has the best artificial leg and arm now manufactured; and as we sympa- thize with those who were so unfortunate as to lose a limb in battle or otherwise, we would advise those wishing, anything in his line to apply to him for a descriptive pamphlet. Ohio State Fair Gazette, September 26th, 1867, said : James A. Foster, 60 West Fourth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio, exhibits in Fine Art Hall splendid specimens of artificial legs and arms. His manufactory is the only place where these articles are made and fitted west of New York and Philadelphia. His make of limbs has been highly recommended by the Surgeon-General of the United States army. Those so unfortunate as to require articles of this kind will do well to take note of this fact. Cincinnati Gazette, September 27th, 1867, said : Jas. A. Foster, 60 West Fourth street, Cincinnati, exhibits several specimens of arti- ficial arms and legs, manufactured by himself. The exhibitor, unlike the physicians who dis- like their own medicines, wears a "leg of his own," and says he is the only manufacturer in America who wears a full length artificial leg, and who was a practical mechanic at the time of amputation. There are many whose good fortune has kept them whole, who look with much interest on these wonderful substitutes for nature's handiwork. Mr. Foster has been located for some time in Detroit, Michigan, where he still has a manufactory. Dayton, Ohio, Journal, September 27th, 1867, said: Not far from the center of Fine Art Hall, can be seen an exhibition of artifi- cial limbs from the manufactories of Mr. James A. Foster, 60 West 4th street, Cincin- nati, and 192 Jefferson avenue, Detroit, Michigan. Many manufacturers of artificial members have no more knowledge of their occupation than a carpenter. Not so, how- ever, with Mr. Foster. When by accident he was deprived of a leg, he was a practical mechanic, and was therefore enabled to sup- ply himself with a limb of such perfectness as to almost defy detection. Possessing the advantages heretofore enumerated, Mr. Fos- ter claims that he can fit and adjust a limb better than any other manufacturer in the United States, and numerous testimonials substantiate his claims. The specimens ex- hibited are of superior workmanship, and their design and finish bespeak Mr. F. a genuine artist. The Morning Journal, Published at Columbus, Ohio, September 27th, 1867. under the head of meritorious articles on exhibition at the State fair, said : In Fine Art Hall is to be seen a contribution of artificial limbs from the manufactories of James A. Foster, 60 West Fourth street, Cincinnati. andlfcMeffcr- \-i son a\ onue. Detroit, .Mi'iii^in. The niiiMi- factnrii. wiio is a practical mechanic, wears a lull length limb of his owfT make, and its operations arc so perfect as to almost defy detection. With the advantages of practical experience, Mr. Foster claims that he van fit and adjust a limb better than any other man- ufacturer in the country. These limbs arc made with great skill, are beautifully poli.shed and arc the finest speeimei s of artificial mem- bers we ever examined. Parties deMiing full particulars should write and obtain circulars and pamphlets. Tm: Cincinnati CoMMicm ial. September ■_\sth, l^iT, said: A feature in Art Hall is the display made of artificial limbs, by J. A. Fos- ter, of Cincinnati, whose stand is suriniinded by the "boys in blue," who came out of the great conflict with the slave power minus leg or arms; and, as nearly all of these have interesting incidents of ensanguined fields to relate, in which they were maimed, they attract as much attention as the finest picture.-' in the hall. And mine of the questions the soldiers ask of the. " ]■■%. and arm man" are really amusing. The Toledo Blade, of October 4th, HOT, under the head of Notices of a few of the inventions and improvements exhibited at the State fair, Dayton, Ohio, said: Mr. James A. Foster had on exhibition some re- markably fine specimens of artificial limbs. He calls them " Union" Artificial Limbs, for the reason that they combine all that can be wanted or expected in lightness, strength, simplicity of construction, durability, beauty and neatness. Mr. Foster, having been a practical mechanic and losing a leg, set him- self to work to find out just what was wanted, and he claims to have accomplished it. They certainly look very finely, and his large list of testimonials from those who have used them —the best possible test—will go to establish his claims. They are manufactured at 60 West Fourth street, Cincinnati, and 192Jeffcr- >on avenue, Detroit, Mich. A correspondent of the Cincinnati Com- mercial, writing from the Indiana State! Fair Ground, at Terre Haute, Ind., in giving a description of the fine arts on exhibition in Fine Art Hall, (which was published in thej "Commercial," October 4th, 1867, after men- tioning some other things,) says: We come now to one of those tip-toeing crowds, such as accasiona.lly check the current of humanity that flows through these avenues of art,-and, adding ourselves to the tip-toe fraternity, we erlimpse at one of your Cincinnati men named Foster, but known on the fair ground as the " arm and leg man." Foster wears one of his wooden legs, and displays it to admirable purpose. We saw him kick as high as our head with his wooden leg, and we rejoiced that our chin didn't stop it as it went up. The Terre Haute Express, of October 4th, 1867, said : James A. Foster has his posi- tion in the center of Fine Art Hall with his artificial limbs. These limbs attract the same degree of attention here that they did at the Daytoli Fair, on account of their perfection and beauty. Tin c,nc\(io Khi'UJsLIOAN. of October oth, l.v!7 iWnoticing the fine arts on exhibition in- line Art Hall, at the Indiana State fair, said r In I his hall is James A. Foster, of Cincinnati «m' Detroit, with his Union Artificial Limbs. These limbs arc far superior to anything invented : the arm is almost as good as a natural one, being susceptible of n variety of motions of the elbow, wrist and fingers, the |e" when used cannot be detected. Mr. .Pos- ter' the inventor, a practical mechanic, wears one of the legs, having lost his, and one would I never know it unless told. Soldiers and others wi>o have lost their limbs can almost replace tln-m by using the Union. The Indianapolis Journal, of Uctobcr 7th 1867 said: In Fine Art Hall, James A. Foster, 60 West Fourth street, Cincinnati, !Ohio, shows some of his patent artificial limbs. I leg and arms, which attract great attention, iand are really the nicest and most convenient 'thing in this line ever patented. Mr. Foster wears one of the legs himself, but no one would ever detect it unless told. Any one unfortunate enough to need such a thing will find these the best in the country. He has n depot also in Detroit, Michigan. The Missouri Democrat, published at St. Louis, October 10th, 1867, said: James A. foster, the inventor, exhibits his Patent Union Artificial Limbs. Mr. Foster is wearing one himself, having lost his leg at mid-thigh. He moves about with ease and comfort to nimself without cane or crutch, and the casual ob- server cannot see anything artificial. As a proof of the excellence attained by these limbs we have a "fac simile" letter written by a man who lost both arms at Gettysburg, who is now able to handle books, feed himself and Uv write a legible hand. Those who have been so unfortunate as to lose a limb will be cheered by the knowledge that the loss can be supplied by an excellent substitute. -Mr. Ko.-ter manufactures these limbs at Cincinnati and Detroit. The Missouri Republican, published at St. Louis, October 10th, 1867, said : James A. Foster, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and Detroit. Michigan, has on exhibition artificial limbs, including legs, arms, feet and hands. The legs and arms are suited to either up-per or lower amputation; and where any one ha*- been so unfortunate as to lose any of the natural members mentioned, these artificial substitutes are of inestimable value. This b one of the achievements of art of great value to unfortunate humanity, which deserves especial commendation. Westliche Post, No. 16 and 18 Chestnut street, St. Louis, October 12th, 1867, said : We have carefully examined the Patent Union Atrificial Limbs of James A. Foster, of Cincin- nati, Ohio, and Detroit, Michigan, and can say with veracity that they cannot be equalled by any other. Nor can all other kind of limbs be compared to Mr. Foster's—limbs without life —which cannot be said of those of any other manufacturer, as they are manufactured in such a way as to imitate every movement of the human body. The press in every State and city has recomrnonded them in the most flattering terms. The following is taken from an editorial in the September (1868) number of the Mechanic and Inventor, published in Chicago, 111., and Detroit, Mich. The Manufactcrk of Artificial Limbs.— Until a short time since, the manufacture of arti- ficial substitutes for human limbs was confined to two or three houses in the eastern States: but when the late war and its attendant consequences had progressed a few months, a great demand for artificial limbs at once sprung up. The few estab- lishments referred to were overrun with, and una- ble to nil their orders, which multiplied day by day At that time, Mr. Jimes A. Foster, now of Det- roit, Mich., then a workman in the leading limb manufactory, seeing the defects in the article! then produced, gave the subject his entire attention and invented an artificial limb, combining several new and valuable improvements, and constructed, we believe, upon correct and philosophical principles. For his improvements, letters patent were granted hi in August 8th, 1865. Heat once established a manufactory In Detroit, and ottered his produc- tions to the public; up to that time the limbs made and sold by other manufacturers gave general sat- isfaction, lor the reason that no better substitutes were known, but soon the great merits of his in- vention and its superiorly over all others mani- fested itself in the demand for the Foster fimb. which constantly increased. Ho great was the call tor them from that section, that in January 1867, he opened a manufactory at Cincinnati, ()., and he has since been solicited to open others at Chicago and other cities. Mr. Foster exemplifies in person the auberiority of his manufacture, wearing, as he does, a lull length leg, and his gait will puzzle a close ohserver to distinguish the production of art trom that vf nature. He has lately perfected an artificial knee joint, for which letters patent are now pending, through the Mechanic and Inventor Agency. To all those who are so unfortunate as to require artificial limbs, we would advise to con- sult with Mr. Foster or his experienced assistants, at either manufactory, before ordering limbs else- where, or to write for descriptive circulars, which will be sent on application. James A. Foster exhibits some artificial limbs which are far superior to anything invented ; the arm is almost as good as if natural, being suscepti- ble of a variety of motions of the elbow, wrist and fingers. The leg, when used cannot be detected. Mr. Foster, the inventor, a practical mechanic, wears one of the legs, having lost one of his, and one would never know it unless told. He moves about with ease and comfort to himself, without cane or crutch, and the casual observer cannot see anything artificial about the limb. To any one who has lost any of the natural members, the ar- tificial limbs ; are of inestimable value.—Detroit Advertiser and Tribune, Sept. 17' 1868. James A. Foster, has a case of artificial limbs on exhibition, which attract considerable attention from their naturalness. They are made so as to move with all the freedom of motion which a nat- ural limb has, and can scarcely be detected. The [manufacture has been carried to the greatest de- gree of perfection.—Detroit Free Press Sept. lh' 1868. Foster's Patent Union Artificisi. Limbs. - James A. Foster, has on exhibition at the State Fair specimens of his artificial legs and arms. We examined the limbs and can say for them thai they come as near nature as anything artificial can. performing with wonderful certainty almost all the functions ot the natural limbs. In Mr. Fos- ter'* pamphlet will be found certificates from per- sons who have worn them, each testifying mot only to the ease of wearing them but their' dura- bility. We haye never seen stronger endorse- ments. One gentleman who had worn Bly's and others, styles the Foster admirable, and urges all needing limbs to procure it. They are light, easy. durable, and what is better st\\\,reliable.—Toledo Blade, (Nasby's) paper, Sept. 'Zb, J868. Artificial Limbs.— A noticeable feature in the upper part of Domestic Hall, at the Fair, is a case of artificial limbs manufactured by James A. Foster. We understand that he has now made arrangements with Mr. W. H. Montgomery to manufacture them in this city. Some years since Mr. F. had one of his legs amputated above the knee, and is now wearing one of his artificial members, which he uses with seeming ease. Judg- ing from his step no one would suspoet artificial support. Mr. F. comes well recommended by the press, and, what is more creditable, he holds good testimonials from many eminent physicians in the West; also from many who are now using his wares, some who, before taking them, used those of other patents. They are believed to be the most practical limbs yet invented.—Rochester, N. Y. Chronicle, Oct. 1,'1868. Triumph or Human Art.-Some three years ago a German immigrant. Frederick Htockle by name, on his voyage to this country contracted, on shipboard, a disease which, settling in his feet, ■ rendered amputation of both legs necessary. He came on to Bay City, where he engaged in cigar making, laboriously moving from place to place on his knees. Some eighteen months since Mr. Stoekle came to this city and procured a pair of ar- tificial legs from the manufactory of Mr. Jas. A. Foster, which he has sirtee worn continually and thoroughly tested Happening to be in the Tri- bune office yesterday, we requested him to give us a specimen of his walking, which he did, and many a man with good limbs have we seen loco- mote more clumsily. In fact, without knowing Mr. Stockle's intimity, no one would have sus- pected that he was supported by other than bis own natural limbs, and in regard to the comfort and durability of the artificial ones he uses, he as- sures us t hat he has never experienced any trouble with them whatever. There is very little doubt that Mr. Foster manufactures the very best artifi- cial limbs made, being a scientific man, a thorough mechanic, and himself a wearer of one of his own make. We are happy to know that he is build- ing up a very large custom, and is about to estab- lish branches in various other cities.—Detroit, Ad- vertiser and Tribune, Dec. 15th, 1868. An old saying that "necessity is the mother of invention," has proved a true one in regard to the invention of my PATENT UNION ARTIFICIAL LIMBS, for had I not been compelled to want one for my use, and failing to find one to satisfy my expectation, the invention of my Patent Un- ion Artificial Limbs would never have originated with me. These limbs were offered in competition with all others then in use, some of which done good service and have been an honor to their investors, but like all other articles which have been improved, Artificial limbs invented and manufactured years ago, have to give way to the latest and most improved. In the year 1858 I became convinced that I should sooner or later have to have one of my limbs amputated, on account of a white swelling on my knee. I then commenced to inform myself where I could get the best substitute, (see page 6.) In February, I860, I had my limb amputated above the knee. In June, 1862, I went to buy me an artificial limb, but for a good reason, I did not. (See page 7.) In November, 1862,1 made the first artificial limb I ever used. (See pages 7 and 8.) In March, 1863, I went to serve my time with an artificial limb manufacturer, and while there in that capacity, repairing^all kinds of artificial limbs, of every manufacturers make, and saw where they tailed, and the result was the invention of my Patent Union Artific- ial Limbs. In November, 1864, I opened the first office and manufactory to manufacture my Patent Union Artificial Limbs, at Detroit, Mich- igan. No artificial limb manufacture? before ever met with such gratifying success, for in the short space of time which they have been in use, they are now used in almost every state in the Union. as the demand for them increased I opened offices and manufactories to meet the emergency, until I now have manufactories at No. 1106 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia Pa., No. 60 West Fourth Street, Cin- cinnati, Ohio, No. 172 Jefferson Avenue, Detroit, Mich., and No. 123 State Street, Rochester, N. Y., and am solicited by many to open offices in other large cities. JAMES A. FOSTER.