THE
SHIP  AND  SHORE
PHYSICIAN   AND   SURGEON.
BY
  WILLIAM M. CORNELL, M. A., M. D.
PELLOW OP THE MASSACIIUSKTTS MEDICAL mm li Y.—PERMANENT MEMBER
  OP THE AMERICAN MKDICAL ASSOCIATION.—ONE OP TUB MEDICAL
   CORONERS OF MASSACHUSETTS.—PROFESSOR AND LECTURER
        ON PHYSIOLOGY AND HKOIENS, &0. &0.
        BOSTON:
PUBLISHED BY CUIUS STONE.
          1 sr)8. 
PREFACE
      TO THE  SHIP  AND  SHORE  PHYSICIAN.
   For several years, the writer has been contemplating
preparing this little work,  and he  knows of no  cir-
cumstances under which it could more favorably appear,
than  in the  same volume,  and directly  following  the
valuable " Primitive Physic,"  and the additions which
he has made  to that  little work  of the  celebrated
John Wesley.
   It is designed for that numerous class of useful persons
who follow the seas, or, who are  Pioneers  in  the settle-
ment of new lands in the  vast West, and who cannot
readily  obtain  properly  qualified,  nor,  indeed,   any
Physicians.
  It gives a brief description of the most common diseases,
with  their  symptoms   and treatment,  and a domestic
Dispensatory,  in  which  may be  found  the  remedies
named under each disease.
   It is, also, designed  that a medicine chest,  containing
the most useful  medicines herein  named, for ships  and
families, shall accompany the  book, though  it is  not
indispensable that  they should go together.
   Besides, by being comprised in the same volume with
the " Primitive Physic,"  many of the remedies there
named,  both by Mr. W. and  himself, can be available,
also, for this  work.  Such a book  seems pre-eminently
needed.                           The Author. '
   Boston, No. 030 Washington Street.
       June 20th, 1858. 
SHIP  AND SHORE
PHYSICIAN AND  SURGEON.
  Abdomen — The Belly. — In  this is contained the
stomach, liver, bowels, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, blad-
der, omentum, mesentery, and the great  artery  called
the aorta.  The abdomen is separated from the chest by
the midriff   From the fact that  the cavity of the ab-
domen contains so many organs,  it will be readily sup-
posed that its diseases are numerous.

                    Colic.

  Symptoms. — Severe pain in the bowels, principally
about  the umbilical region,  often extending  up  to the
Btomach, and frequently accompanied with vomiting and
spasms.
  The  Windy Colic  is  characterised by costiveness,
griping, a rumbling noise, distension of the stomach, se-
vere pain, and attempts at vomiting.
  Its treatment is a teaspoonful or two of the  fluid ex-
tract  of rhubarb; or  the same quantity  of the aqueous
extract of senna.  A  drink  of spearmint or peppermint 
4
SniP AND  SHORE
tea should be used, and  brisk  friction over the stomach
and bowels.  In some cases, a  teaspoouful  of the emetic
powder may be given, in hot water,  and followed by an
ounce of castor oil.   A fomentation of hops may also be
applied over the abdomen.
   Bilious Colic. — Symptoms. — A bittor taste in the
mouth, fever, thirst, vomiting of bilious matter, and cos-
tiveness.
    Treatment. — Take two tablespoonfuls of the neutral-
ising mixture,  once  in an hour; or two or three of the
compound cathartic  pills ;  or two teaspoonfuls of the
 fluid extract of senna.  An injection of lukewarm water
may  be given, and, if the pain  is  great, a teaspoonful of
laudanum in it.   A  fomentation of hops  may  also be
applied.
   Painters'  Colic. — Symptoms. — Obstinate  costive-
ness, and partial paralysis, in addition to several of the
above-named  symptoms.   It takes  its name from the
supposition that lead  is imbibed into the  system.
   Treatment. — In  addition  to the  remedies named
under bilious colic, if the stomach is  very irritable, an
opium pill may be given;  or the physic pill of croton
Oil, one, to be repeated,  if necessary,  in one hour; or
two teaspoonfuls of the fluid extract of senna and jalap.

           Dropsy  of the Abdomen.

   Symptoms. — This is  a gradual  swelling  of  the ab-
domen, attended usually with  thirst,  fever, and scanty
»irine. 
PHYSICIAN  AND SURGEON.
5
  It generally arises from some diseaso of the liver, or
a sudden  check  of perspiration by a cold, or,it follows
fever and ague,  or is brought on by intemperance.
   Treatment. — The first thing is to evacuate  the fluid
by cathartics of  cream of tartar, drank freely ;  or a tea-
Bpoonful of the fluid extract of jalap  and senna often ;
or by applying a fomentation of foxglove over the whole
abdomen, or rubbing on the tincture with some oint-
ment,  and covering  it with oiled silk; or half a tea-
spoonful of nitre may be  taken  twice a day, largely
diluted with water.   A light bandage may  be applied
round  the  abdomen.  Take  Dover's  powders every
four hours, from  three to five  pills.   To  prevent  the
water  from again accumulating, use  spices freely and
tonic medicine, such  as  quinine  and iron, or the fluid
extract of quassia, in doses  of half a  teaspoonful, gen-
tian,  &.c, and  live  on  a  light and  nourishing diet.
General Dropsy and Dropsy of the Chest will be treated
of under their proper heads.

          Inflammation  of the Bowels.

   Inflammation of the bowels may be known from  colic
by the  steadiness of  the pain in  one spot;  whereas, in
colic it is shifting.   In  inflammation, pressure  hurts;
in colic, it relieves.   In inflammation,  the pulse is quick
and hard ; in colic,  it is quick, but not hard.   Inflam-
mation is also attended with nausea or vomiting,  failure
of the strength, thirst, heat,  and great pain in  the bow-
            El*] 
0
SHIP AND  SHORE
bowels.   It should be carefully distinguished from her-
nia, or a rupture.
   Treatment — Make warm applications to the bow-
els ;  apply leeches to them ; drink flaxseed  or mullein
tea, or gum arabic water; apply  cloths to  the bowels,
dipped in  hot water; take an emollient  injection.  Ro-
chelle powders may be taken,  the cream of tartar, or
the aqueous fluid extract of senna, two teaspoonfuls at a
dose, or castor oil.

Inflammation of the Peritoneum or Covering
                  of the Bowels.

   This  arises from the same causes  as the last-named
disease, and  requires similar treatment; but it  differs
from the above,  in that the bowels are not so much dis-
turbed  by it.

      Acute Inflammation of the Liver.

   The  symptoms  of this disease are pain in the right
side, under the short  ribs, often reaching to the chest
and  right shoulder, always  increased by  pressure; a
dry cough, and inability to lie on the right side.
   This  disease prevails much among seamen who visit
the East Indies.
   Treatment. — Leeches  should  be freely applied over
the region of the liver,  and  small  doses  of wine of
ipecac, or  tincture of lobelia, or a small quantity  of the 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
7
emetic powder, should be administered, keeping the pa-
tient  under  their nauseating effects.   A  dose  of the
aqueous extract  of senna  should be  given every other
day.   Half a teaspoouful of nitre should be given two
or three times a  day,  in a tumblerful of water.  The
employment of nitric acid, rubbed over the liver, and  a
foot-bath of the same, may  be tried.  The acid  should
be  so  far  diluted with water  as to cause only  a  little
irritation when applied.   Equal  parts of  nitric and mu-
riatic acid may be mixed,  and then  enough of this mix-
turn put into a tumbler of  water  to sour it, and then
drunk.   If an abscess  forms and  points outwardly,  it
should bo poulticed.   The  leptandrin and^ podophillin,
fluid extract, or concentrated powder, is the best  physic.

      Chronic  Inflammation of the Liver.

   This often follows intermittent fever.   Its symptoms
are a dull pain in the right  side  and at  the  top of the
shoulder, the stomach disturbed,  an enlargement of the
liver which can be sometimes- felt, jaundiced skin  and
eye, low spirits, clay-colored stools, tongue coated, bow-
els costive and urine high-colored.
   Treatment. — A  teaspoonful  of the  emetic powder
may be given, followed by  three or  four  doses of the
fluid extract of queen's  delight,  for several days.  The
diet should be attended to.

          Inflammation of the  Spleen.
   Seamen are not very  liable to this disease.   It much 
SHIP AND  SHORE
resembles inflammation of the liver, but may be known
from that by  the  pains  being on the left  side.  The
treatment is  similar to that employed in inflammation of
the liver.  A mustard  plaster may be applied to the
affected side,  and sudorific  medicines freely adminis-
tered,  such as the  Dover powder pills,  and small doses
of the fluid extract of senna.

         Inflammation of the Stomach.

   The symptoms  are heat and  pain  in the  pit of the
stomach,  increased  when  anything  is taken into it;
vomiting, hiccup,  cold hands and feet, small, hard and
quick  pulse, and cold sweats.  The symptoms are very
much  aggravated  if anything is taken  very  hot or cold.
It is a very  distressing,  and often qickly fatal disease.
   Treatment. — Cooling and mucilaginous drinks —
slippery  elm bark makes a good drink.   The Rocbelle
or soda powders are good to stop the  vomiting,  or wal-
nut-leaf tea.   Sweet oil, an ounce at a dose, once a day,
has often an excellent effect.   The feet should be bathed
in warm  water,  and a mustard  plaster applied to the
stomach.  The neutralising mixture may be taken,  two
tablespoonfuls,  three times a day.   If  vomiting con-
tinues, the  creosote pill may be  given,  once an hour,
till three have been taken.   Leeches should  be  applied
over the  stomach.   The  warm bath may be used till
fainting takes place.   Injections of warm water should
be employed.   If  poison  has been taken,  an emetic of 
PHYSICIAN AND  SURGEON
9
thirty  drops of blue  flag  fluid extract, immediately
followed by twenty grains of the emetic powder, or half
a toaspoonful.
                    Vomiting.

   Common vomiting may often be checked by an opium
pill; or by a creosote pill; or by a cup of strong green
tea, or spearmint, taken as hot as can be sipped.

Cholera Morbus ; or Vomiting and Purging.

   The symptoms are pain at the  pit  of the  stomach,
vomiting and  purging,  short breathing, thirst, a small,
quick,  feeble pulse, and great prostration  of strength.
   Treatment.—Copious draughts of warm water.   Flan-
nels wrung out of warm  water, well saturated with poppy
heads,  in which a tablespoonful of the  fluid extract of
opium  has been mixed,  should be applied  to the stom-
ach, as hot as can be borne.   When  free vomiting  has
taken place, an opium pill may be given, and  repeated
once in two hours, if necessary.  But if the irritation is
kept up by something which  has been taken  into  the
Btomach, an emetic, a teaspoonful of the powder, should
be given.    When the stomach  is well  emptied,  if  the
opium  pill is rejected, a teaspoonful of  the fluid extract
of opium may be given in an injection of flaxseed tea or
gum arabic  water,  and repeated once an hour, if neces-
sary.   In obstinate cases, leeches may be applied to the
Btomach.   A mustard poultice  applied over the stom- 
10
SHIP AND  SHORE
ach is often  useful.   If the hands and feet are cold,
twenty drops of the fluid extract of cayenne may be put
into half a  teacupful of water, and a teaspoonful often
given.  Peppermint  and other stimulants in  this case
are good.   In some cases, three or  four of the opium
pills must be given.   The compound of leptandrin and
podophillin may  be given in pill, or the  powder.

         Asiatic or Malignant Cholera.

   The "premonitory symptoms" of this disease are a
furred tongue, pains in the stomach  and  head,  and a
watery  discharge  from  the bowels.  A few drops  of
laudanum, five  or six, or  spirits of  camphor, or both
combined, taken at this  stage of the disease, generally
will arrest it.  Perhaps, in nine cases out of ten, when
this epidemic is prevalent,  these admonitory symptoms
show  themselves.   If the disease is not checked, it soon
runs into the second  stage,  when vomiting commences,
rice-colored  discharges  from the bowels are greatly in-
creased, cramp in the hands and feet,  the "stomach, and
of the whole body, come on, the countenance is distort-
ed and the  body  bathed in a cold sweat, the tongue is
cold and moist, collapse comes on, and death soon closes
the awful scene.
   Treatment. — Of  all the modes  of treatment, (and
they are  numerous,)  that of stimulaints has been  the
most successful.   The fluid extract of capsicum may be
taken, five  drops every  half  hour; or  three  of  the 
PHYSICIAN AND  SURGEON.
11
opium pills may be taken at once, or one at a time every
hour ; or two or three of the opium pills, and one of the
physic pills, made of leptandrin and podophillin, or the
common  dose  of  the  fluid extract,  may  be taken at a
time.   The  cayenne  and other  warm  and stimulating
medicines,  with brandy,  should  be administered freely
in the cold stage.   Rocbelle powders are often  service-
able in the great thirst which  attends this disease.  A
mustard plaster should be applied over  the stomach and
bowels, and brisk friction with the extract  of cayenne,
or spirits of turpentine properly reduced.

         Sour Stomach, or Heart Burn.

   The symptoms are a burning  sensation at the  pit of
the stomach, acid and windy eructations, and,  some-
times, nausea and vomiting.
   A weak state of the stomach and undigested food arc
the usual causes of this complaint.
   Treatment.— The neutralising mixture, a tablespoon-
ful, after each meal;  or rhubarb  root  may be chewed.
Lemonade,  or a teaspoonful of the spirits of nitre may
be taken in a glass  of the  infusion of columbo, or the
fluid extract  of quassia may be taken ; or, in place of
the neutralising mixture,  ten  grains  of the soda and
rhubarb powder may be taken.

              Vomiting of Blood.

   The preceding symptoms are a sense  of weight and 
12
SHIP AND  SHORE
dull pain,  and great anxiety.   The blood is  usually
clotted, and sometimes mixed with the undigested food.
  The usual cause is a violent blow,  or strain, or some
injury; sometimes the cause is unknown.
   Treatment. — The skin should be kept cool,  and all
cause of irritation avoided.   If  the bleeding continues,
small doses of the fluid extract of matico  may be taken;
after  it ceases,  take a tablespoonful  of castor oil, or a
teaspoonful of cream of tartar,  or a teaspoonful of the
extract of senna.  The diet should be light.  After the
trouble has subsided, take the quinine-pill, or the fluid
extract of blood root, usual dose, three times a day.

    Looseness  of the  Bowels, or Diarrhea.

   The symptoms are copious and repeated discharges
from   the  bowels,  often  attended with  griping pains,
thirst, nausea, and a bad taste in the  mouth.
   It is usually occasioned by bad water,  the application
of  cold to the surface of the body, new wine, cider,  or
spruce beer,  or a sudden change from salt to fresh pro-
visions.
   Treatment. — The neutralising mixture or  powder,
in doses of one or two tablespoonfuls two or three times
a day, or ten grains  of the powder, or a dose of the fluid
extract of rhubarb, or castor oil.   After these, an opium
pill may be taken, or three or four of  the Dover's pills
may be taken.   After the  disease  has  subsided, the 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.            13
quinine pill may be taken,  three or four a day, or the
fluid extract of quinine, usual dose.

           Dyspepsia,  or Indigestion.

  This is not a common disease among sea-faring men,
but still  a  few words  may be said of it in this con-
nexion.
  Its symptoms are, want of appetite, nausea and vomit-
ing,  or spitting up of the food,  or rising of  it in the
throat, wind and costiveness.
  It arises from errors or irregularities in diet,  cold and
moisture,  hard study,  sedentary habits, depressing pas-
sions, the use of tobacco, opium or spirits.
   Treatment. — The diet must be strictly  attended to ;
it must be  nourishing, but  easy of  digestion.   Coarse
wheat bread, well baked, or ship bread, should be eaten.
The  emetic powder is an  excellent remedy.   The fluid
extract of blood root, or the queen's root, may be taken
three  times a  day.  Ginger  tea  is  often  serviceable.
Half a teaspoonful of pulverised white mustard seed  is
a good medicine, when troubled with sour  stomach and
flatulence,  or  some  of  the  neutralising  powders.   An
established habit of going regularly to stool every morn-
ing is of signal benefit.   Kneading the  bowels,  also,
answers an excellent purpose.    A little French brandy
often assists digestion much, or good ale or porter, when
they  agree with the stomach.
               PI 
14
SHIP AND  SHORE
          Dysentery, or Bloody Flux.

   The symptoms of this disease are a discharge of bloody
mucous by stool;  violent  griping,  usually at the lower
part of the bowels ; a constant sense of bearing down, or
wish to go to stool, without any discharge,  or with a
bloody one void of any fecal matter, pain and fever.
   It is caused by anything that irritates the  bowels, as
putrid food, bad air, cold, strong cathartics;  and when
it prevails as  an epidemic, it is induced by any exhaust-
ing labor, either of body or mind.
    Treatment. — The  ipecac and opium pill,  one every
hour, or a tablespoonful of castor oil with ten drops of
the fluid extract of rhubarb in it; or the fluid extract of
senna  every  two  hours.   I have  cured some of the
most severe cases of dysentery with this medicine.    To
relieve the pain, injections of cold water, about a gill at
a  time,  should be  frequently  administered.  I  have
known the external application of cloths, wrung out of
warm, lukewarm, and  even cold water, to the  abdomen,
of much service.
   As little food as  possible should  be taken ; slippery
elm bark and  mucilage of gum arabic, and a very small
quantity of flour gruel, are the most  that  should be
allowed.
   The excrements,  and all  offensive odors, should be
immediately removed, and the room well fumigated with
vinegar. 
PHYSICIAN  AND 8UKUK0N.
15
                       Piles.

  These are either internal, or external painful swellings,
at the lower extremity  of  the  bowel or anus.  Some-
times they break and bleed,  and  then they have  been
called the bleeding piles.
  The most  common causes are  strong purges, riding
on horseback, costiveness and plethora.
   Treatment. — Mild  laxatives,  consisting of  equal
parts of sulphur and cream of tartar, half a teaspoonful
of each, mixed  in molasses, taken morning and evening;
or three of the  copaiva  pills,  as often; or half a  table-
spoonful of  Epsom salts ;  or a dose  of the fluid extract
of senna.  Apply cloths wrung out  of cold water and
vinegar, or use cold water injections.  An ointment of
sulphur and  hog's lard, equal parts, or tar  water or
alum water,  may  be applied  to the swellings;  or an
ointment made  of galls,  two parts to eight parts of lard,
may be applied to them.

               Hernia, or Rupture.

  This is of two kinds, called inguinal and femoral;
in the  inguinal, the tumor, or the  part of the intestine
or bowel,  which descends, points towards the  scrotum;
in the femoral it points  towards the thigh.
  It is produced by blows, lifting, straining at stool, or
carrying heavy weights.
   Treatment. — The patient being  placed on his back, 
16
SHIP AND  SHORE
the feet raised considerably higher than the head,  and
the thighs bent towards the body,  the hand must be di-
rected, or the  tumor pushed,  upwards and  outwards
for inguinal  hernia, and  backwards and  upwards in
femoral  hernia.  Violent  pressure must not  be  made,
and as soon as it becomes painful  it must be stopped.
If this effort does not succeed, the  jrarm bath  should be
tried, and an  effort made to reduce  the  tumor while
the patient is in the bath.  If this  fails,  pounded ice,
or equal parts of ether and salt,  should be applied to
the tumor.  A tobacco injection,  of a teaspoonful of to-
bacco boiled in a pint of water for fifteen minutes, may
be  given, and while the patient is  under its nauseating
effect another  effort should  be made to reduce the tu-
mor.   When  done,  a  spring truss should  be worn by
day.
                  Fistula in.Ano.

   This  is an abscess formed about the anus,  or funda-
ment, frequently,  by the inflammation and maturation
of the piles.   After the abscess breaks it refuses to heal,
leaving  an  opening  which  discharges an  unhealthy
watery matter.   It usually begins with a hard, red tu-
mor, near the anus or mouth of the outlet  of  the  bow-
els.   When the tumor first appears, it should be bathed
with a gill of water, in  which a third of a teaspoonful of
sucar of lead  has been dissolved.   If this does not scat-
ter  it, it must be poulticed to bring it to a head — any
of the poultices named under poultices  will answer. 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.            17
 Tho bowels must be kept loose by sulphur and cream of
 tartar mixed with molasses, or  by Epsom salts, or  the
 mandrake fluid extract.   When the abscess has  fully
 formed,  if it does not burst itself, it should be opened
 with a lancet.  Three or four of the Dover powder pills
 may now bo  taken.   Eight grains  of nitre dissolved in
 water, and taken evqry two hours, will also  be service-
 able.   Turner's cerate should  be freely  applied to  the
 part.   If tho fistula  is fully formed, nothing may cure
 it but an operation, and this  does not always do it.   I
 have succeeded in curing several cases, at  this stage,  by
 injecting ley. or a drachm  of the carbonate of potash dis-
 solved in  eight ounces of water, and  injected once a
 day.   An issue may be thus kept up, which  in the end
 will lead to a healthy  and healing sore.   The  walnut
 leaf tea may  be drunk, and, also, injected.

    The  Chest—Thorax and its  Diseases.

  The chest, or thorax,   is above the abdomen, and
 separated from it by the midriff.   It contains the lungs,
 or lights, the heart, part of the aorta  or  great  artery,
 and eight pair of nerves and several large  veins.

                      Cough.

  The seat of coughs is usually in the chest,  and there-
fore we commence the diseases of this part of the body
with cough.   Often, cough is a symptom of some other
              P*] 
18
SHIP AND SHORE
disease, and, as such, will be spoken of under those dis-
eases.   But  in some constitutions this is not the case.
If it commenced with a cold, or was at first caused  by
some other disease,  from the irritability or mere sensi-
tiveness of the lungs, it may remain when all the other
diseases have disappeared.
   Treatment. — The emetic powder may be first em-
ployed.  After the emetic, if the cough does not cease,
the cherry bark compound may be taken.  Three of the
Dover's  pills may be taken at bed time.   The cough
mixture, consisting of an  ounce of syrup of squills, an
ounce  of syrup of tolu, and half an ounce of paregoric,
a teaspoonful at a dose, may be taken several  times a
day.   Or the oxymel, made of equal  parts of  vinegar
and honey, may be taken ; or the white mixture of am-
nionic, a teaspoonful at a time, often.

                     Asthma.

   The symptoms are tight breathing, wheezing, sense of
suffocation, fits of coughing and gasping for breath.
   Treatment. — The emetic powder may be taken as a
fit approaches; but a better remedy  is the smoke of
saltpetre,  or of strammonium.  The   latter, however,
must be used  with  great  care,  as too much of  it may
prove fatal.  These are the best remedies known, and
the last two are almost infallible.  I  have known  ten
grains of quinine, taken at a dose, effect a cure ; or  the
concentrated hydrastin powder. 
PHYSICIAN AND SCIiGEON.
19
              Dropsy of the  Chest.

   The symptoms are difficulty of breathing, especially
on  going up  stairs,  palpitation  of the heart, sense of
weight on the chost, intermitting pulse, and great pale-
ness of the face.
   Treatment. — Use the remedies named under dropsy
of the belly.
               Spitting of  Blood.

   The usual  symptoms  are a sense of tightness, weight,
and  anxiety  in the chest, a discharge of florid blood,
with or without coughing, from the  lungs, of a saltish
taste.  This may arise from a ruptured blood vessel, or,
in some  cases, a  small quantity may arise from the
thinness of the coats of the vessels.
   Treatment. — Nitre, in ten grain doses, every hour,
in cold water, and  swallowed while dissolving,  may  be
given.  Also, infusion of foxglove, half a tablespoonful
taken cold every two hours.  Common salt dissolved in
water, taken  cold, is a good remedy;  or  the  fluid ex-
tract  of  matico — this  is the best of all.   Nothing
should be  taken  warm ;  the  patient  should avoid  all
exertions  calculated  to  hurry the blood through the
lungs, and live on a spare diet.

                 Common Cold.

  I  name  this under diseases  of the chest,  because, 
20
SHIP AND  SHORE
  though it often affects the whole system, yet it generally
  seizes the strongest upon the chest.
    It is the same  as  catarrh or influenza.   It is an in-
  flammation of tho mucous membrane of the nose, throat,
  and often of the air passages.
    Treatment. — Sometimes all that is necessary  to do
  is to keep  within doors, use a vegetable diet, and drink
  flaxseed, mullein, or slippery elm tea.   Where this does
  not  answer, the emetic powder may  be given, and,  if
  necessary,  repeated for  two or three successive  days.
  After  the violence of the disease is  past,  three  or four
  of the  Dover's  pills may be take«n at night.   One of the
  best remedies for a cold is the vapor bath, where it can
  be had ; it puts the whole  perspiratory system into the
  most perfect order.   As a preventive of colds,  a free
  use of  cold water to the face, neck, and chest is  of vast
 importance.   Exposure to chills should be avoided.

            Pulmonary Consumption.

   This is a hereditary disease, arising from scrofula.
 There are many diseases accompanied by cough,  expec-
 toration,  emaciation,  and hectic fever, which are not
 properly consumption, though by common people  they
 are so called,
   The developing causes  of consumption are  colds, in-
 flammation of the lungs, pleurisy, eruptive fevers, such
as measles,  small pox, scarlet fever, &c,  living  in un-
healthy  localities, intemperance in eating and  drinking, 
I'llVSICIXN AND SUlUiKON.
21
suppression of natural evacuations, insufficient clothing
and undue exposure, neglect of  breathing pure air,  (a
chief cause,) abu-c of mercury and other medicines, ex-
cessive  mental  exertion, various kinds of  mechanical
labor, such as manufacture  of needles,  filing of iron,
laboring in colton  manufactories,  where much du>t must
be inhaled,  a stooping position  of the body, either  in
sitting or walking, unnatural compresses about the chest,
long and excessively  loud speaking,  playing on wind-
in-truments, excess of the venereal passions, &c, &c.
   Consumption  usually approaches  insidiously  upon
young persons of" light'hair, fair skin, blue eyes, florid
complexion,  long neck,  contracted  chest,  and  high
shoulders."  They  are  generally, though  not  always,
descendants of those who have fallen victims to the same
disease.
   The first ostensible sign  of the disease is a short dry
counh,  much resembling a  common  cold,  and  usually
mistaken for a cold.
   A person in this disease presents a  picture  at  once
deeply  interesting  and  exceedingly  distressing.   The
Bymptoms were  well given  by a physician who lived
several  centuries  ago,  and  are  the following, —" As
soon as the  hectic fever is established, wasting  of the
body becomes manifest,  the  cough,  expectoration,  per-
spiration and diarrhea  are  more  abundant.  The  nose
becomes sharp and  drawn;  the cheeks prominent and
red,  and appear  redder by contrast with the  surround-
ing paleness ; the  conjunctiva of the eves is of a shining 
22
SHIP AND  SHORE
white, or, with a shade  of pearl  blue;  the cheeks are
hollow ; the lips are retracted, and seem  moulded into a
bitter smile ;  the neck  is  oblique,  and  impeded in its
movements;   the shoulder-blades  are  projected  and
winged ;  the ribs become prominent, and the intercostal
spaces sink  in;  the  nails  become bent,  "and  the large
joints of the fingers more prominent."
   These are the marked symptoms of the disease, as it
appears in \lg, worst form.   Dr. James Johnson says, —
" When  consumption is regularly established, it  forms
one of the most  distressing  pictures which the human
frame exhibits in its progress fo corruption.  The  hectic
flush on  the  cheeks, the  vermillion  lips, the burning
heat in the  palms of the hands and  soles of the feet,
with  evening fever,  are  periodically  changed for cold
sweats, hollow,  pale, languid  countenance,  sharpening
features, augmented expectoration, and progressive ema-
ciation.   Such is the series of  heart-rending  symptoms
which are daily presented to the agonised friends,  whose
distress is heightened by the never-dying hopes  which
perpetually spring in the hectic breast."
   Nearly one-fifth of all the deaths which take place in
Boston, in New England, and in Old England, are from
this disease.   The number of deaths in Boston has been
as high as twenty-five in a  single week.
   It used to be  customary to send these  patients  South,
and,  when the doctor could do no more for them, and
they  were fast  sinking  to the grave, they  were sent
abroad to die.   Rarely did they ever  return.   More 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
23
than  twelve  years  ago the writer entered his  protest
against this cruel custom, publishing the following,—" I
once thought favorably of sending the consumptive inva-
lid abroad, but,  I think, I  have grown wiser on this sub-
ject.  To send him from his home, when he most needs
a home,  is but to help him onward to his lasting home.
He is but to  leave the circle of his friends to die among
strangers.  But  few  can  bear  the  shock  of being
wrenched from  friends and home; much less, the  con-
sumptive patient.  The fatigue of travel,  the cold, or
the heat; the worry  and bustle of hotels ; the change
in diet and drink,  with,  not unfrequently,  the badness
of both ;  the risk of damp beds, and other inconveniences
that need not be named, more than overbalance the good
derived from  going abroad.   So thoroughly have I been
convinced of this truth, that  for some time past I have
advised the  consumptive patient to  take his  chance at
home.   The  numerous  lists of such  deaths abroad are
an alarming  beacon  to those  who would thus venture.
They  seem to say, stand off! for death is here! "
   At tho same time, I said, — "If such patients must
go from home, it is better to go North than South;  and
gave  the reasons,  to wit,  that the  patient required  a
steady unchanging climate, which  could be found only
at the North, &c."
   This idea,  twelve  years ago, (when first broached by
the writer,) was laughed  at by three  quarters  of  the
physicians in  the land.  Now,  there is scarcely a medi-
cal man,  or a medical journal, but admits its truth,  and
most of them advocate it. 
24
SHIP AND  SHORE
  Another point, which the writer then advanced, was,
that in true pulmonary consumption, "spirit, or alcohol,
was a useful medicine."   This, also, was then  ridiculed
and reviled.   But, now,  and  for  the  last half dozen
years,  it  has  been promulgated in the journals,  and
recommended by the doctors, till some of them  prescribe
whiskey,  even  in palpitation, or disease of the heart.
In fact, it has been prescribed for all, who have a cough,
or a cold, and for many who have neither of these, nor
any other disease.  Thus, when a thing is  once started,
all jump  at it,  and,  sometimes,  the very persons who
were the first to ridicule it.   One  other thing  then re-
commended was, — "the application of remedies directly
to the lungs,  by inhaling them;" and,  in  the  same
book, it was stated that, — "if progress was ever made,
in remedying consumptive patients, it would, doubtless,
be in this way, — not by addressing  medicines to the
stomach to cure diseased  lungs,  but to  the lungs them-
selves. "
  This plan some of the older  physicians characterised
as " racking one's brains to little  purpose," and many
wagged their heads at the  idea.   But,  if any  one will
consult  the medical journals since that period,  (now
twelve years,)  and medical  practice, both regular and
irregular,  he will find a wonderful change in this prac-
tice,  and  in the  talk and writing about it within this
dozen years here named.
  When these  points were then stated,  every physician 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
25
advised going South  for  consumption; only one,  then,
(within fifty years past, when Scudamore,  Murray and
Barton recommended inhalations, but  very  different
from mine,) used  inhalation at all, to my knowledge,
and he learned it of the writer ; and,  no one had recom-
mended spirituous liquors, as a remedy in this disease.
   Now, there is a  "Lung Institute,"  and a "Consump-
tion Doctor," at almost every corner, attempting to prac-
tice each of these  ways,  and the very staid old medical
journals of the country advocate them,—sending patients
North, recommending whiskey and inhalation.
   The only things, I will here name, for the  consump-
tive patient, are, to be out in the air  as much as possi-
ble ; to drink spirit,  if he has  consumption, and can
get that which  is  not poisoned  with  the   vilest  com-
pounds : and to inhale proper remedies, under the care
of a skilful physician : and take the following medicine,
(living well at  the same time, upon good ripe  fruit,
beef, and a free  use of ale,)  infusion of cascarilla, seven
ounces, citrate of iron  and quinine (the English combin-
ation,) in proportion of five  grains to one  tablespoonful
of the infusion, which spoonful is to be  taken three
times  a day ; and  apply constantly an alcoholic lotion,
half alcohol and half water,  or New England rum, over
the lungs, wearing cloths wet in it day and night.
   After an exporience of  many years with  this disease,
in my own family, and out of  it,  this is the best course,
in my judgment, to be pursued.
3 
26
SHIP AND  SHORE
                     Pleurisy.

   This is an inflammation of the  membrane  called the
pleura, which lines  the chest,  and  covers  or  contains
the lungs.   Its symptoms are cold chills, very sharp pain
in one side of the chest, much increased by coughing
and breathing, or by lying  on  the affected  side.  The
cough is short, dry, and very distressing, while but little
is expectorated, and  that a bloody mucous.   The tongue
is coated, pulse  quick  and hard, face flushed;  thirst,
anxiety and restlessness are present,  the urine is scanty
and of a red color.
   Treatment. — Copious  bleeding has been the first
resort in the treatment  of this disease.   We have,  how-
ever, treated some very severe cases of it  with  entire
success by  the  following  means: — tartar emetic,  in
doses sufficiently large, dissolved  in  water,  to  produce
nausea, and repeated every two or three hours.   Ipecac
and lobelia are the  next best medicines, or  the emetic
powder.   Then the Dover's  pills should be used, two
or three at a time, till rest and a gentle perspiration are
produced.   Stimulating baths, fomentations to the side,
or hot poultices, are  often  very good assistance  to the
medicine.  The  following  treatment has  been  highly
recommended in acute pleurisy : — the opium pills, four,
with  twelve  grains  of  calomel, and three  hours after,
twenty grains of  Dover's powders, or six of the Dover
pills.   This, upon high authority, will cure pleurisy the
quickest of  any remedy.   The  fluid   extracts  of the
blood root, or of the pleurisy root, are excellent. 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
27
             Diseases of the Head.

          Inflammation  of the Brain.

   This is often called Brain Fever.   The symptoms are
severe pain in the head, great disturbance at both light
and noise, wildness of the eyes, quick, hard pulse, rest-
lessness,  dry tongue, and flushed face.
   Treatment. — This disease calls  for blood-letting  as
much as  any  one, and a pint may be taken at once, and
tho operation repeated in three hours, if relief is not ob-
tained.   The compound fluid extract of senna and jalap
should oe given in a full dose.   Then the patient should
take  the emetio powder in sufficient doses,  say half a
teaspoonful often.   Cold water, or ice pounded and put
in a bag  or bladder, should be.applied to the  head.  The
feet should be bathed, or rather soaked, in warm water,
and poultices of mustard seed and Indian meal, or onions,
should be applied to them.
   The diet must be of the lightest kind.
   If all  these fail, the patient should be seated, and a
stream of cold water poured  upon his  head from the
height of three or four feet.

                    Headache.

   This may arise from an overloaded stomach, dyspep-
sia, too great flow  t)f blood to the head, the hot sun,
rheumatism or neuralgia, aud the use of ardent spirits.
   Treatment.'—When  it  is occasioned  by a  foul  or 
28
SHIP AND  SHORE
overloaded stomach, a teaspoonful of the emetic powder
should be taken in warm water; or, the aquaeous  fluid
of senna.   If it arises from too great a flow of blood to
the head,  cold applications should be made to the head,
and warm, or stimulating, ones to  the feet.   One or two
doses of the fluid  extract  of jalap  and senna may be
taken, and the  patient should live  on a low  diet.   If
the headache arises from  rheumatism, nitre should be
taken twice a day in half-teaspoonful doses; or, the fluid
extract  of henbane  may  be  taken twice  a day, in the
dose recommended  under  the extract in  the  domestic
dispensatory.                                 «
                      Earache.

   This is usually a disease of children, and is an  inflam-
mation.    If  it  be severe,  it must be treated like other
inflammatory diseases.  Generally, however, one of the
opium pills at night, and a dossil of lint, wet with a few
drops of sweet oil and cajeput oil,  of each equal parts,
or with  laudanum, are sufficient.   The best remedy will
be three or four of the earache drops put into the  ear,
and then a little cotton to keep it  in.
   For a discharge  from the  ear,  which  often happens
from a severe cold, or as a result of scarlet fever, a few
drops of some astringent, four or five grains of sugar of
lead,  or nitrate of silver, dissolved  in an ounce of water,
dropped into the ear, or put into it on a piece of cotton,
will soon stop it.  Hickory sap, or a strong decoction of
the green nuts, bruised,  is  a good  astringent  for this 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
20
complaint; or, better still, a few drops from a prepara-
tion of two parts of oxgall to one of Peruvian syrup.

                    Toothache.
  This very troublesome disease cannot be cured, if the
tooth  is  much decayed, without extracting  it.   But,
frequently, it will  be relieved by applying a pledget of
cotton, wet with the cajeput oil, or oil of cloves, or a pill
of equal parts of camphor and opium, moistened with  a
little cajeput oil.

              Bleeding at the Nose.
  This is sometimes a very troublesome complaint, and
requires  prompt attention.   During  an attack of the
bleeding,  the patient should apply  cold water freely to
the neck and  head, and put the feet in warm water.  The
cold hip bath is an excellent remedy where the bleeding
is obstinate; it may be taken by filling a wash-tub half
full of cold salt water, and sitting in it from ten to twenty
minutes.   A  still better remedy is the powder of nitrate
of silver,  snuffed up the nostrils,  or the fluid extract of
matico.   In some cases,  simply holding up the arms for
several minutes will stop the bleeding.   The tincture or
powder of matico, snuffed up the nose,  rarely fails to ar-
rest the bleeding.

   Inflammation of the Eye, or  Opthalmia.

  Inflammation of the eyelid is often occasioned by  a
           3* 
30
SHIP AND  SHORE
small ulcer,  at  the  root  of the  eye-lash,  and may be
remedied by the citrine ointment; or an ointment of the
nitrate of silver,  four grains to an ounce of lard;  or by
an  eye lotion of sulphate of zinc,  or  nitrate of silver,
four grains to an ounce of pure water.   If the eye-ball
is inflamed, or, if the inflammation  of  any part of the
eye is severe, two or three leeches may be applied around
the eye.   A  dose of the aquaeous extract of senna may
be taken.   Lukewarm water, and afterwards cold water,
may he often applied with a thin  linen cloth to the eye.

       Diseases of the Throat. — Croup.

   This is an inflammation of the windpipe, and is known
by a peculiar sound, which the child makes in breathing
and coughing, which  has been compared to the crowing
of a cock,  or the barking of a dog.   The pulse is quick
and hard, the mouth dry, and all the  symptoms which
usually attend any local  inflammation.  Sometimes the
disease makes quick work, and the  child dies in an hour
after it is attacked ;  but, usually, it is  two or three days
after croupy symptoms  appear,  or  the  child  seems
"stuffed  up,"  before the disease  is  fully established,
and the sufferer lives till the third or fourth day.
   Treatment. — From time immemorial,  the first rem-
edy usually given in croup has been an emetic.   If no
better one is at hand,  a wine-glassful of lamp oil, or
goose oil, may be given.   A full teaspoonful of powdered
alum, mixed in  molasses,  is a good  emetic in  croup.  It 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
31
should be often repeated.  Lobelia is sometimes an effec-
tual remedy in croup.   Leeches may be applied to the
throat.   Cold water bandages applied to the throat are
sometimes  of great  service.    Warm  fomentations,  or
emollient poultices, to the throat, are often useful.   Vol-
atile liniment, made of sweet oil and water of ammonia.
in proportion to a  teaspoonful of the ammonia to  an
ounce of the oil,  with  half a teaspoonful of the oil  of
turpentine, may  be spread  upon cloth and applied to
the stomach.   Syrup of squills and castor oil, of each
equal  parts,  in  teaspoonful  doses,  is a good remedy
But I have often found the  two following  remedies the
most effectual: — raw  onions pounded and mixed with
sweet oil, and applied to  the throat;  a teaspoonful of
the juice may be given.  A teaspoonful or two of it may
be added to lukewarm  water,  and given in an  injection.
The other remedy is, a solution of nitrate of silver, forty
grains to an ounce of water, and injected into the wind-
pipe by the laryngeal shower  syringe.   This will some-
times save the  life  of the  child  when all other means
fail.  This operation may be performed by any  person,
and a syringe for the  purpose  will be sold with every
medicine chest, if the  purchaser wishes it.   The emetic
powder may  be  given ; the fluid extract of blood root.

  Quinsey, Inflammation, or Ulcerated  Sore
                      Throat.

   These are  not all precisely the same disease, yet they 
32
SHIP AND SHORE
have an intimate relation to each other, and require very
similar treatment.
   Treatment. — The general means to be used are the
same as in other  cases of inflammation.  Leeches should
be applied to the throat.   A dose of Epsom salts should
be given, or a dose of the aqueous fluid extract of senna,
and the feet placed  in warm  water.  The vapor of hot
water may be inhaled;  but the best remedy is the solu-
tion of nitrate of silver, fifty grains to  an ounce- of water,
thrown into the throat with the shower syringe.

 Sore Throat, commonly called Clergyman's
                   Sore Throat.

   This is a very troublesome  disease.  It makes its ap-
pearance by a feeling of something lodged in the throat,
which the person tries to  hawk up,  or swallow  down.
It usually arises  from a depressed or weakened condition
of the whole system, and is  often brought on by indi-
gestion  and mental anxiety.   But,  the reason of its
seating upon the follicles,  or glands of the throat, is, the
frequent over-exercise of this part from speaking.   The
reason why clergymen have it more frequently than law-
yers, or others who speak much, is the use of notes, and
the stiff and awkward manner of reading a manuscript.
This brings much more strain upon the vocal organs than
natural speaking does.
   I have never known a  case of this disease where the
system,  in point of health,  was not below the healthy 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
33
 standard.   The remedy is,  freedom from speaking and
 anxiety, a sustaining tonic course, by quinine and citrate
 of  iron,  in five-grain doses, good beef and plenty of
 ale to recruit the system, and a free application of chlor-
 ate of potash,  five grains to a gill of water, with  which
 the throat should  be gargled three or four times  daily.
 The plan of starving the stomach and burning the  throat
 with caustic, should never  be resorted to, as there is a
 more excellent way.
   The  fluid extract of the  queen's  root, (stillingia,)
 Bhould  be used, in the dose named in the domestic dis-
 pensatary, a teaspoonful, three times a day.

                      Mumps.

   This is a disease which  shows  itself by a swelling
 under the ear, sometimes under one ear, and sometimes
 under both.   Its characteristic symptom is, the pinching
 upon opening  the mouth  to swallow.  There  is some
 fever, but the  disease is slight, unless  the patient takes
 cold,  in which case the testicles are often affected.
   The  treatment  is very  simple,  consisting of a  mild
 cathartic, as Epsom salts, fluid extract  of  senna, and  a
 light diet; but if the  testicles or  brain are affected,  a
 solution of sugar of lead, or leeches should be applied.

          Bronchitis and Laryngitis.

  This consists in inflammation of the bronchial tuoes,
or the larynx.   It prevails much among public speakers. 
34
3HIP AND  SHORE
 The cough in bronchitis is harder and more severe than
 in laryngitis, or even in consumption.  What is called
 latterly " clergyman's  sore throat," is thought to be a
 new, or at least a distinct disease from these, and I have
 treated it as such before.
   Give the emetic powder, and the fluid extract of blood
 root.

                   Scarlet Fever.

   The name of this disease has  been given it from the
 scarlet, or florid color which the  skin assumes when it is
 present.   It is often a very fatal disease.   It commences
 with symptoms very similar to those of other fevers ; —
 chills, shiverings, lassitude, pain in the back and loins,
 sickness,  and vomiting.   Sometimes the skin is hot and
 dry, and  the extremities very cold.   As the disease pro-
 gresses,  the skin grows florid, till it has the appearance
 of  scarlet, or, as some have expressed  it,  the color  of
 a boiled lobster.   But the most  characteristic  symptom
 of the disease is, the soreness of the throat, tongue, and
 whole lining  membrane.  This state  of the  throat soon
 shows ulceration.  I have given enough of the symptoms
 to enable  any one to detect the disease.
   Treatment. — Without giving  the numerous and con-
tradictory modes  of treatment by men  of  equal science
and skill, we  will briefly describe that which we have
found the most successful.  Upon the first  appearance
of the disease, the  feet  should  be soaked in hot water 
PHYSICIAN  AND SURGEON.
35
well seasoned with mustard,  cayenne, or salt.  When
the fever is fully  established,  and when  on,  the skin
burning hot, washing the whole surface in cold water  is
of .signal service.   This  should never be done  during
the cold stage.   In some cases, where the stomach seems
oppressed,  a third, or half a teaspoonful of the emetic
powder may be given, and followed by a teaspoonful or
two of Epsom salts, or castor oil, or a Rochelle powder
For a child ten years old, (and it scarcely need be said,
that this disease generally attacks children,) small doses
of nitre, a  quarter of a teaspoonful, may be given often,
dissolved in  water.   A  good  drink, may be  made  by
dropping forty  drops of the nitric or muriatic acid into
a tumbler,  and filling it with water.    Cayenne, the fluid
extract, both as a gargle and as medicine, is an excellent
remedy in  this disease.  The  following  preparation is
highly recommended  : — two tablespoonfuls of cayenne
pepper, a teaspoonful of salt, add half a pint of boiling
water, and,  in  fifteen  minutes after, add half a pint of
vinegar ;  dose, two tablespoonfuls every half hour, both
to take and for a gargle.  The belladonna fluid  extract
is, in my opinion, the best medicine in this disease.   It
is also an  excellent preventive, where there are children
exposed to it,  but not yet taken sick.  The  dose for a
child ten years old,  when sick, is five drops every two
hours ; for a preventive, three or four drops three times
a day.  It should not be continued more than a day or
two. 
36
SHIP AND  SHORE
         Inflammation of the Kidneys.

   The symptoms are chills and  rigors in the back atid
loins; sometimes the pain is very severe, and extends
to the bladder, loins and thighs.   The urine,  if any,  is
scanty,  red,  comes  away  in  drops,  and is sometimes
bloody.  The  skin  is usually dry, or moist and  smells
of the urine.
   Treatment. — Warm bathing,  fomentations of bitter
herbs, the warm bath, stimulated with mustard or salt,
hot mustard poultices to the affected parts, a dose of the
fluid extract of senna-, followed by the Dover's pill, two
or three, injections of warm water, nitre in small  doses,
slippery elm, flaxseed, and a tea of the upland cranberry,
are the  best  medicines;  or,  the  concentrated  powder,
piburin, of the  domestic dispensatory.

         Inflammation of the Bladder.

   The symptoms are a sense of fulness, pain in the lower
and front part of the abdomen, difficulty in passing water,
pain,  heat, soreness,  sickness at the stomach, thirst, rest-
lessness, &c.
   Treatment. — If  the bladder is full, the water must
be drawn off with the catheter.  But little drink should
be taken,  and nothing that will increase the quantity of
urine.   AVater, not very cold, is  as good as  any liquid.
Leeches should be applied over the region of the bladder 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON
37
freely.  The bowels should  be moved by a spoonful of
Epsom salts or castor oil, or the fluid extract of senna.
Warm injections of soap and water, and the warm  bath,
Bhould not be omitted.  It is a rapid disease, and  what
is done must be done quickly.

                  Bloody Urine.
  This  may  be caused by a blow, or any injury to the
parts, or  by gravel stones.  The urine is bloody, and
settles at the bottom.
   Treatment. — If caused by injury, apply leeches ;
give a dose of Epsom salts, and drink freely of flaxseed,
quince seed,  or water melon seed tea,  or of all of  them
combined.   The opium pill may be given ;  a quarter of
a teasponful  of nitre  every  hour, in a gill or more of
water, or weak alum water.

    Suppression of Urine, or Stranguary.

  If no urine is passed, this disease is called suppression
of urine;  if some  is  passed; but  with  difficulty, it is
called stranguary.   It is caused by gravel, any obstruc-
tion in the urethra, blisters,  or by wounds and bruises.
Often, no other medicine is required but mild teas, made
of flaxseed,  barley, gum arabic,  water melon  seeds,
pumpkin  seeds, winter-green, and the warm water or
vapor bath.   In  the  feverish state, cooling laxatives,
as ca>tor oil,  cream of tartar,  and  Epsom salts,  should
be given ;  and when the fever has subsided, one of the
               4 
38
SHIP AND  SHORE
opium pills, or two or three of the Dover's pills, may be
taken.

             Incontinence of  Urine.

  This is an involuntary discharge of urine.
   Treatment. — If  it arises  from a relaxation  of the
sphincter of the  bladder, a mustard plaster, or blister,
applied to the lower part  of the  back, is often  a good
remedy.  The cold bath, or cold water dashed  upon the
genitals, is often  useful.  The tincture  of cantharides,
in doses of ten drops every  four hours, has often effected
a cure.   Half a pint of alum whey,  night and morning,
often cures  it.   I  have often cured  this troublesome
complaint by giving  from ten to thirty grains of benzoic
acid in phosphate of soda or in water.   The fluid extract
of cranesbill is a good remedy.

              Gonorrhea, or Clapp.

  This  disease is infectious,  and is communicated by
sexual  intercourse.   It makes its appearance sometimes
in a day or two after the infection has been received, and
sometimes not till six weeks after.   The first symptoms
are a sense  of heat  and itching in the urinary passage,
and scalding in passing water.  The  urethra i.s sore, and
a whitish matter is discharged from its mouth.   The dis-
charge increases  daily, and the soreness and  redness.
The color of the  discharged matter  grows darker and
thicker, and the stream of water smaller.  Blood is oc> 
PHYSICIAN  AND SURGEON.            39
casionally passed, and a stricture sometimes takes place,
which prevents all passage of water.
   Treatment. — If the part  is inflamed,  a soft bread
and milk, or flaxseed poultice,  should  be applied to it;
and, occasionally,  it should be washed with a solution of
the sugar  of lead,  four grains to an ounce of  water.
About a third of a teaspoonful  of nitre should be taken
every four  hours, dissolved  in water.   A grain of the
sugar  of lead may be  dissolved in an ounce of water,
and a part of it injected into the urethra.   The sweet
spirits of nitre, in teaspoonful doses, with fifteen or twenty
drops of laudanum, or a dose  of the  fluid  extract of
opium,  at night, will  assist  in  effecting a cure.   If it
continues  more than eight  days, three  or four of the
copaiva pills may be taken,  three times a day.   I  have
often cured this disease with powdered cubebs, either in
substance, or in a tea drank freely,  or  use the ethereal
fluid extract of cubebs.   If there is chordee, or painful
erection of the penis, and it is curved by the inflamma-
tion, a  solution of sugar of lead, one drachm of the lead
to a pint of water, should be applied to the under side of
the penis by a wet cloth, and one, two or three of the
Dover's pills may be taken.   A homeopathic practitioner
told me, a few days since, that he cured the worst stages
of this disease  with one drop  of the tincture of hemp,
given  three  times  a day;  but I did  not believe  him.
The greatest evil in this disease arises  from patients ap-
plying  to  ignorant  and unprincipled  empyrics, who al-
ways sponge but never cure him. 
40
SHIP AND  SHORE
                 Syphilis, or Pox.

   This disease  is propagated by an animal poison con-
veyed from one person to another by sexual intercourse.
It first shows itself in the form of  a  small red pimple,
which soon  breaks  and  forms  a sore, with  hardened
edges, covered  with a white coat at first, and then dis-
charging  a yellowish matter; sometimes, at  first, the
skin appears only reddened.
   Treatment. — Within the first five days, one of these
chaneres,  or pimples,  may be cured  by a free applica-
tion  of the  nitrate  of silver,  or lunar caustic, or they
may be clipped  off with  the curved scissors.   If thus
managed  at this early stage,  the constitution will not be
affected.   The next  best remedy is  a wash of white
vitriol, or sulphuric  acid; a cloth wet  in it should  be
applied to the  ulcer for a  day  or two; then cover it
with calomel or  pulverised blood root, and wash this off
with a solution of sugar  of  lead, and  renew it once a
day.   I  have often  cured  the  disease with the pill of
mercury and opium,  one  at a dose for four or five days.
The mercurial   treatment ought  never to be pushed to
salivation, as thai remedy is worse than the disease.   I
know there are some cases  in  which mercury will not
cure it; and I have  not, for several  years, during which   *
I have employed other remedies, found a case  where  it
has not been cured without mercury.   Water,  made as
sour as can well be drunk with nitric  acid,  strong  tar-
water, decoctions of prickly ash, mesereon, sarsaparilla, 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON
41
lobelia, and the juice of poke berries, are good remedies.
I have found the mandrake fluid extract very useful.
   For secondary symptoms,  or when the constitution is
affected, no better remedy can be used than the follow-
ing  alterative — the fluid extracts  of queen's  delight
and  mandrake.
                       Bubo.

   In case of a bubo, or swelling in the groin, we  must
attempt to drive it  away by  applications of lead-water
and  ice, and cold applications.   If this cannot be done,
it must be poulticed to bring it to  suppurate.  Open it
by a small  puncture.
   General Remark. — Nothing  is more  important in
the treatment  of gonorrhea,  and  the  venereal disease,
than  absolute rest, and avoiding all spirituous liquors.

                       Gleet.

   This is caused by a  badly-managed clapp.  It is a
flowing of a limpid  mucous from the urethra, upon mak-
ing water,  or  at other  times, without pain  or scalding.
The  best remedies are a tea  of the uva ursi, or the co-
paiva pills, or  nitre.
                     Stricture.

   This, also, is caused by the clapp, especially if it has
been accompanied with much inflammation, or been badly
treated.
              4* 
42
SHIP AND  SHORE
  The only remedy is the introduction and wearing of a
bougie, and it may  be  necessary  to  smear the  bougie
with caustic ointment.

                    Phymosis.

  This is such  a contraction of the skin around  the
head of the penis that it cannot be drawn back.   In this
case, warm soap and water should often be injected  be-
tween  the skin and head of  the penis, to allay the in-
flammation and cleanse it.  Warm flaxseed poultices and
leeches may be applied, and a dose of cream  of tartar
taken.   It is sometimes  necessary to divide the stricture
with the curved scissors,  and  to wash the wound freely
and poultice  it.
                  Paraphymosis.

   This is the reverse of the former;  the skin is so con-
tracted that it will not cover the  head of the penis.  The
same treatment  as  in  phymosis should  be employed to
reduce the inflammation.   Cold  water, or ice and sugar
of lead water, in the strength of fifteen  grains of  the
sugar of lead to an ounce of water.  It may be necessary
to divide the skin on each side with a lancet.

                Swelled Testicle.

   In most cases this disease is induced  by the misman-
agement of the clapp, and is often occasioned by cold.
   Treatment. — The first thing  to be  done is  for  the 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
43
patient to go to bed, and suspend the scrotum  in a bag.
If there is much inflammation leeches should be applied
to the infected organ, sugar of lead water and ice.  The
patient should live low, and keep the bowels open with
cream of tartar, and the fluid extract of senna,  and take,
at night, one of the opium pills.   If there is an appear-
ance of matter forming, the scrotum should be poulticed.
If the trouble is  occasioned  by the sudden suppression
of the clapp,  warm mucilaginous injections  of flaxseed
and slippery  elm tea should be administered.

                General Diseases.

   Under  this head  I shall class acute and chronic
rheumatism,  though they sometimes affect the trunk, as
the membranes of the heart, and viscera, and head.
   Acute  rheumutism begins  with a little  pain,  very
sharp, usually some swelling of  some one of the joints.
The greater part of other pains subside when the patient
is warm in bed, while  that  of rheumatism increases.  It
sometimes changes its place, as from one joint to another,
and  from  the back to the bead.   There is usually a full
hard pulse, white tongue, reddish urine,  and a confined
state of the bowels.
   Leeches may be  applied  to the affected part, a dose of
castor oil, or cream of tartar and sulphur, or the aqueous
extract  of senna,  taken to operate  upon  the bowels.
Then, two or three of the  Dover's pills, once in three
hours, may be taken.   A  free use of warm herb teas,
barley water, or crust coffee is useful. 
44                SHIP  AND SHORE
   The chronic form of this disease often results from the
acute, or conies on after the  age  of forty-five or fifty.
The best remedy for this form of the disease is, the fluid
extract of aconite root, as named in the domestic dispen-
satory.   Sometimes, drinking freely of a tea made of the
mayweed,  and  keeping warm in bed, will soon effect  a
cure.  I have  known mustard  seed and horse radish,
steeped in  wine or good cider, with a few drops  of the
tincture  of cayenne in each  glass,  prove an excellent
remedy.   The Dover's pills are also useful in the chronic,
as well as in the acute form of rheumatism.

                Fever and Ague.

   This is generally called  intermittent fever,  because it
intermits, or passes off, when  the patient feels quite well.
Sometimes, there  is  a fit every day; sometimes, every
other day ; and sometimes,  only every third day.   There
is a cold, hot, and sweating stage.   It generally attacks
persons who are  exposed to noxious  exhalations from
marshy districts, and,  more especially, those  who sleep
near the ground.
   Treatment. — The first medicine to be given is the
emetic powder,  or the cathartic fluid extract of senna.
This may be followed by the tonic fluid extract of cin-
chona, according  to  the  dispensatory.   Finely pow-
dered charcoal,  in teaspoonful doses, is a good remedy.
The vapor bath is an excellent remedy in this disease.
The elixir vitriol, in doses  of ten drops, three times a 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
45
day, in water, is useful.  The diet should be light and
nourishing.   The mandrake fluid extract, three or four
times a  day, is  a good  remedy.   If  vomiting  takes
place, the neutralising  mixture, in tablespoonful doses,
every half hour,  will usually stop it.   The opium pill
may be given at the commencement of the cold stage,
and warm herb teas freely taken.

                Remittent Fever.

  This fever differs from tho last-named in that the fever
docs not  entirely leave the patient, with less fever than
ho has when the fever  is on, as  it is temped,  and the
fever-spells are not so regular in their return.
   Treatment. — Take the emetic powder; it  may be
given in  half a teaspoonful of  warm water, at the com-
mencement of the attack,  and followed by the cathartic
fluid extract of senna, of the domestic dispensatory ; and
this  may  be followed  by two  or three of the  Dover's
pills or powder,  three  times  a day.  One thing more
may be properly added to the  treatment, and that is,  a
free  use of cold water, both externally  and intern ally.
This is a most comforting remedy to the patient, as a
drink and applied to the skin, when  hot and dry.   The
use of water should never be prohibited  in the hot stage
of any fever.

          Nervous, or Typhus  Fever.

   Many wi iters have made a difference  between typhus 
46
PHYSTCIAN AND SURGEON.
and  typhoid fever;  but I  shall not,  as ihey are very
similar.
   This disease commences  very gradually,  with symp-
toms of lassitude, dejection, want of appetite, chills and
heat; soon, a slow dull pain in the head comes on, with
more  or  less nausea and looseness of the bowels, and
pain through the back and  loins.   The  pulse is  weak
and feeble, and often intermits.   Nervousuess, giddi-
ness, delirium, and tenderness of the bowels, with diar-
rhea, subsequently ensue.
   It is occasioned by anything which weakens the pow-
ers of nature, or depresses the mind.
   Treatment. — In this disease none  but mild physic
should be administered, as all drastic purges  irritate and
inflame the bowels, the glands of  which are often  the
seat of this disease.   The emetic powder may be given,
and  followed by  a  light dose of the  aqueous fluid  ex-
tract of senna.   This, with  occasionally a Dover's pill,
when the head is not too much  affected, is often all  the
medicine that is required.   Cold applications should be
made to the head,  and draughts applied  to the feet.
The free use of cold water, when the skin is hot and
dry, affords much relief.  A good medicine to allay  the
feverish symptoms is the nitre,  in  doses of four or five
grains, dissolved in water.

                    Ship  Fever.

   This putrid malignant disease has made sad havoc in 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
47
Boston within the last few years.   Its attack is  violent,
manifested by  fainting, severe pain  in the head, hard-
throbbing pulse, nausea and vomiting  of  black  matter,
offensive breath, and black, dry, cracked tongue. Soon,
the pulse grows feeble,  or intermits, putrid symptoms
manifest themselves in the odor of the breath and stools,
and the appearance of purple spots.   It  is supposed to
be very contagious, but usually first shows  itself where
many persons are confined in ill-ventilated places, as in
jails, ships, and over-filled hospitals
   Treatment. — The  emetic  powder may be given at
the commencement of the  attack, to evacuate the  stomach
and bowels, and  this may be  followed by the cathartic
fluid extract of senna.   The bowels should be kept in a
soluble state  through the whole of  the disease.   Occa-
sionally,  two or three of the Dover's pills  may be taken,
to promote gentle perspiration, or the camphorated mix-
ture, or the saline mixture of the domestic dispensatory.
Where there are symptoms of putrefaction, a tablespoon-
ful of yeast has an excellent effect, given  once in two or
three hours.   It  may,  also, be  administered by injec-
tion.   The  effusion,  or  thorough washing with  cold
water, has been  highly recommended, when the skin is
hot and dry, and should not be  omitted, as it has been
eminently successful in the hands of many practitioners.

                  Yellow Fever.
   This fever, in many of  its  symptoms,  resembles  the
intermittent;  vomiting, however, distinguishes  it from 
48
SHIP AND  SHORE
 most other fevers, for, though this symptom be present
 in many other kinds of fever, yet, in yellow fever, it is
 a most prominent symptom.   This should be allayed by
 the remedies recommended  under nausea and vomiting.
 Then, the only treatment which I  would recommend, is,
 the use  of  cold  water,  as  under ship fever, and a free
 use of the chlorate of potash, dissolved iu water.

               Inflammatory Fever.

   This comes on suddenly, with dizziness,  chills,  pain
 in the head  and loins,  restlessness,  great  heat,  thirst,
 hard  full pulse, costiveness, red  scanty urine, and  many
 other of the characteristic symptoms of fever.
   Treatment.—The stomach and bowels may be cleansed
 by the emetic powder, and  the cathartic fluid extract of
 senna.   After these, a free  use of cold water,  both ex-
 ternally  and internally,  is the proper remedy.

                      Scurvy.

  Sailors are very liable to  this disease, on account of
 their exposure to cold and wet, and confinement to salted
 provisions.   One of the most prominent symptoms is
 the spongy,  soft, livid,  swollen state of the gums, so
 much so, that the teeth become loose or fall out.   The
spirits are  depressed, breath offensive, and little dark-
eojored blisters  appear, the legs swell  and have  a glossy
whiteness, the body becomes emaciated,  bleedings take 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
49
place from  the  nose  and mouth,  but the pulse is but
little affected, even up to the close of life.
   Treatment. — The  patient must relinquish all salt
provisions, 60 far  as possible, and, as soon as he can get
them, live on fruit, such  as potatoes,  cabbage,  turnips,
apples, &c.  The potatoes and cabbage preserved in the
form of krout can be usually had  at sea.   If vegetables
cannot be had, acids,  as lemon juice,  cider, (good  cider
i>  an excellent  remedy, and may be carried  to  sea,)
pickles, tamarinds, pine apples,  raisins and figs, should
be used freely.  And when these  cannot be had, small
doses of  nitre,  dissolved  in vinegar  and  water,  and
sweetened, are a good remedy.  Cream of tartar, a tea-
spoonful  to a pint of water,  sweetened, is very useful.
The fluid extract of eenna, is a  good remedy.   Alum-
water should be  applied to the gums, or the fluid extract
of cinchona,  or  any  kind of astringent tooth  powder.
If bleeding takes place from the bowels,  small doses of
alum, or  sugar of lead, or the opium pill, or two of these
combined, should be taken.   The  common soda powders
are a useful remedy in  this disease.  Every ship going
to sea should be well supplied with dried fruits and
herbs.   Sometimes the scurvy is met with among lands-
men, but not often.   The remedies are the same.

                     Jaundice.

  This disease is caused by some obstruction of the bile
The  most  prominent  symptoms are yellowness of the
          5 
50                 SHIP AND  SHORE

eyes and  skin,  high-colored  urine, and light or clay-
colored stools.  If it is  attended  with acute pain, it
usually arises from a  stoppage of gall stones in the gall-
duct.  Sometimes  it is occasioned  by  hard  drinking,
and  is  immediately connected with an indurated, or en-
larged liver.   Jaundice is sometimes produced by nerv-
ous  affections, and anything that renders the  bowels
costive.
   Treatment. — The first thing is  to  give the  emetic
powder, to be followed by the cathartic  fluid  extract of
senna, or  the combination of leptandrin and podophillin,
of the concentrated powders.   The warm bath, or what
is better, the vapor bath, is an  excellent remedy.  Some-
times, when there is great pain, three or four tablespoon-
fuls of olive oil will afford prompt relief.   A teaspoonful
of ether may be given ; and the opium pill affords relief,
when  nothing  else will.   When  the  urgent  symptoms
are removed, the system must be invigorated by  tonic
or strengthening medicines, such as the fluid  extract of
cinchona, and the strengthening bitters, fluid  extract of
quassia.

                   Skin Diseases.

   For diseases of the skin,  such as pimples,  eruptions,
excoriations, unnatural redness, 8to, known among phy-
sicians as eczema,  impetigo, prurigo, &,c, take glycerin
one ounce,  purified tar half a fluid  drachm, warm this
mixture, and then  add enough powdered starch to make 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.            61
a  homogeneous paste,  but not very  thick.   Apply  a
small portion morning and evening to  the diseased skin.
It removes the difficulty  wonderfully.   Or,  take  one
part of the oil of cade, and two of cod liver oil, apply as
above.  It removes the skin difficulties very soon.  With
these simple applications  eruptions will be cured in a
few  weeks  which  had  long  resisted  many  powerful
remedies.
   Arsenic and  mercury  are  frequently  employed  in
cutaneous  diseases, both  internally,  as  medicine, and
externally  as  ointments or washes.   But much more
benefit will be derived from the above-named ointments,
in this whole class of diseases of the skin.
   For internal  use, the sylvatica stillingia, or queen's
root, made into a  tea and  freely  drunk, or the extract,
taken  twenty  drops at a  dose, three  times a  day, will
be found much safer and more  efficient; or the fluid ex-
tract of the domestic dispensatory.  In the debility at-
tending these cases, take the following preparation : —
compound  tincture  of  bark two  ounces,  sulphate of
quinine twelve  grains, muriatic acid twenty drops;  mix
these articles, and take a teaspoonful three times a day.
Another  excellent remedy in  old feeble  constitutions,
and skin diseases, is the nitric acid, taken in such quan-
tity as will render the water drank agreeably  sour, or,
when sweetened, about as sour as good lemonade.   This
wonderfully invigorates  the constitution    It should be
taken through a quill, to prevent injury to the teeth.
   Another excellent  tonic, or  strengthening medicine, 
52
SHIP AND  SHORE
in such cases, is the citrate of iron and quinine, in five
grain doses, three times a day,  either made into a pill,
or dissolved in syrup.
   From a long experience with skin  diseases, the writer
has  found  these simple  remedies very efficacious, and,
hence, he can recommend them with confidence.   He has
known the most aggravated  forms of chronic eruptions
upon the head, face, and other parts of the body, wholly
removed,   and  permanently to  disappear,  under the
above-named treatment,  without a grain of mercury  or
arsenic.
   For spots on  the skin, " liver spots," like patches  of
a light snuff color, or dark brown, looking like a dried
oak leaf imprinted on  the skin, see  the wash  for skin
diseases in the Domestic Dispensatory at the end of the
work. 
SURGERY.
                    Dislocations.

  These are displacements of the joints of the bones.   Lux-
ations are  the same as dislocations.   The sooner these bones
can be replaced the easier it is done.

           Dislocation of the Shoulder.
  The shoulder-bone may be dislocated in  various ways.
Usually, it is downwards ; rarely, upwards.   The  shoulder
is the most liable to dislocation of any bone in the body, on
account of the great amount of motion it possesses.   To set
it. — Put  a strong bandage under the arm-pit of the injured
side, and carry it over the opposite  shoulder.   A band or
strip of cloth  will answer.  A strong  handkerchief  should
then be tied round the dislocated arm, just above the  elbow,
and this last should be gradually drawn upon by some per-
son, in a direction obliquely downwards and outwards, the
body being kept fixed by assistants, drawing the first belt
in an opposite direction.   After keeping up this extension
for a time, the operator must push the head of the bone into
its place.
            Dislocation of  the Elbow.

  The bones of the fore-arm may be dislocated in  almost
any direction.   A protuberance  will be observed on the side
of the arm to  which the bone is  pushed.  See if the patient
can bend the arm; compare it with the other elbow.  Rem-
edied by assistants pulling in opposite directions,  while the
operator puts the bones into their proper place.
            5* 
54
SniP AND  SHORE
  Luxations of the wrist and fingers are to be reduced in
the same manner.

            Dislocation of  the Thigh.

  When the femur is dislocated forward and downward, the
knee and foot are turned out, and the leg is longer than the
other; when it is displaced backward, it is usually pushed
upwards at the same time, by which the limb is shortened,
and the foot turned inwards-   When the bone is displaced
forwards, and downwards, the patient must be laid upon the
back, and fastened there.  Extension  must be made by
slings fixed about the thigh, a little above the knee.   While
this extension  is  being made,  the operator must push the
head of the bone outward,  till it enters the socket.   If the
dislocation  be  outward,  the patient must be laid upon the
face, and, during the extension, the head of the bone must
be pushed inward.

         Dislocation of the Lower Jaw.

  Put the thumbs into the mouth, upon  the back ends of
the bone, and the  fingers under the  jaw,  and lift it up,
pulling it forward, depressing the back ends with the thumbs.
It will go in with a snap.

Sprains, Stretchings or Twistings of the Joints.
  Worse than broken bones; can't keep them still.  Rest,
splints, warm fomentations, subdue inflammation.

    Dislocation of the Patella, or Knec-Pau.

  This bone may be thrown from its place either sidtwise
or upwards.  If upwards, the ligament will be broken,  and 
PHYSICIAN  AND SURGEON.
55
the bone found several inches above, among the muscles of
the thigh.  Sight and touch reveal the nature of this dislo-
cation.  If the dislocation  is made sidewise, the limb must
be firmly extended, and pressure made upon the protruding
edge — the  bone immediately  regains its former position.
When the dislocation is upwards, it is  to be treated as a
transverse fracture of the bone, of which I will speak.

          Dislocation of the  Knee-Joint.

  The principal  bone below the  knee,  the tibia, may be
partially dislocated, either inwards, outwards or backwards-
In each case, it is  obvious  to the  sight.   This dislocation
occurs but rarely.  Extension must be  made upwards, by
the thigh, and downwards, by  the leg, while the operator
replaces the bone by pressure with the hand.

            Dislocation of  the Ankle.

  A dislocation of this joint may take place either inwards,
outwards or forwards.  If it be inwards, or outwards, it may
be readily ascertained by the inclination of the foot, and by
the unnatural  protuberance on one side, and deficiency on
the other.   When the end of the  tibia or fibula — the two
bones of the leg — is forced forward on the foot,  the instep
will be shortened, and the heel  will form an unnatural pro-
jection.  The  bone must be replaced by extension, made in
the same manner as in dislocation of the knee.
  In dislocations of the thumbs, finders, and toes, the bones
are to be replaced by making  extension, and, at the same
time, gently bending the joint, and applying pressure with
the thumb upou the end of the dislocated bone. 
56
SHIP AND SHORE
            Fractures, or Broken Bones.

   In fractures, the patient should be dieted, and an anti-
 phlogistic treatment pursued.  He should  be kept dry and
 clean.  The dressings  should  be applied  anew as often as
 every three days, and oftener, should they become loose;
 and the lint moistened with some cooling lotion, as acetate
 of lead, or acetic acid and water.
   Im Fracture of the bones of the Nose, they may be raised
 to their place by means of a quill, or some other instrument,
 introduced by the nostril, and, usually, they will retain their
 position without further aid.
   In Fracture  of the Lower Jaw, the injury is obvious to
 the sight.   All that is necessary is accurately to replace the
 parts, and keep them firm by an assistant, till the surgeon
 places a thick pad of lint over the seat of the fracture, and
 a bandage,  by means of which the jaw may be firmly held
 upwards and  backwards.  The best way  to do this, is to
 make a bag or purse to receive the chin, with  four  tapes,
 or ends, attached to it;  the  two inferior of which are tied
 over the top of the head, and the two superior are carried
 back  of the head.  The  patient must be  preserved quiet,
 and must not attempt to  use his jaws  in  masticating  his
 food.
   In Fracture of  the Clavicle, or Collar-Bone, the  fracture
 may be known by tracing the clavicle with the fingers until
 one of the fractured ends is found to project over the other;
 and, upon moving it, a crackling noise of the  bones will  be
 perceived.   In treating this fracture, the arms and shoulders
 of the patient are to be firmly drawn backwards by an as-
sistant, when the fractured ends immediately come  in appo-
sition.  The part must now be covered with a thick adhe- 
PHYSICIAN  AND  SURGEON.
57
sive plaster, and a bandage applied to retain the bones in
their place.  It should be a long bandage, and, commencing
with it on the part injured,  it should be carried under the
arm-pit, across the back, and over the other shoulder; then
under the arm-pit of that side, and back over  the  injured
shoulder, thus describing on the back the  figure  8.   The
turns should be repeated two or three times, and be tightly
drawn ; and the arm should then be supported with a sling.
  In Fracture of the Ribs, the chief diagnostic mark is the
crackling or grating of the bones, which may  be both dis-
tinctly fidt and  heard, upon the patient's coughing, or mak-
ing a deep  inspiration, and by a sharp pain in the part at
the same time.   The principal attention of  the  surgeon is
to be given to  the. general symptoms.   Depletion may be
necessary, and such means as are usually demanded to sub-
due or  ward  off  inflammation.  All stimulants must be
avoided.   An adhesive plaster  should be applied over the
fracture, and a  broad bandage made to encircle the body.
  The Fracture of the Arm between the shoulder and elbow
is simple, and  readily recognised.   In order to bring  the
fractured  extremities  into their place, a slight extension
should be made, while the elbow is  bent at a  right angle.
The arm  should then be  encircled with a piece of soft
flannel, and  two splints applied, one on the inside, the other
on the outside of the arm.  They may be  made of paste-
board, or thin slips of wood, an inch and a half broad, and
to extend the whole length of the bone, and bound  on with
a bandage.  The  fore-arm should  be suspended with a
bandage  from  the neck, in such a manner that the wrist
may be more supported than the elbow, so that the weight
of the arm counteracting the  contraction of the  muscles,
may serve to keep the ends of the bone in their proper 
58
SHIP AND SHORE
place.  The bones should be thus retained for two weeks,
when they will usually be found united.
  A Fracture of the  Elbow may  be readily known, as a
piece of the bone will be found drawn upward.   It is to be
replaced, and confined  by a  bandage,  rolled round the
limb, making pressure  upon the protruding edge.  The arm
should be kept nearly  straight,  by a splint bound upon the
inner side, and extending nearly to the hand and shoulder.
By persevering in this treatment, the knob of bone forming
the  elbow  will be joined  to the  arm, from which it had been
broken.
  In Fracture of  the  bones of the Fore-Arm, the course of
the bones from the elbow to the wrist should be traced with
the  fingers,  and  the  limb should  be  compared with the
other.  Also, a cracklmg  or grating of the bones against
each other will be heard.  The same treatment is required
as in fracture of the arm between the shoulder and the
elbow.  The splints should be laid, one on the inside and
the  other on the outside  of the  arm, so as to compress  both
bones at the same time ;  the one on the inside should reach
to the palm of the hand, by means of which the wrist will
be kept steady,  and  the  bones prevented from rolling on
each other.  They may be  confined by  a  bandage rolled
round the limb, and the arm worn in a sling.  The splints
should be loosened every day, and the arm bathed in cold
water, or salt and vinegar. 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
59
                       THE


 DOMESTIC  DISPENSATORY,

             DESIGNED TO ACCOMPANY THE

    SHIP AND SHORE PHYSICIAN.

  [The greater part of those medicines recommended in
the addition by the compiler, in the former part of this
work, " The Primitive Physic," when the manner of pre-
paring the medicine was there given, are omitted in this
dispensatory.]

  Great improvements have recently taken place in the
manufacture and compounding of medicine, rendering ob-
solete almost all the preparations  formerly made in the
domestic dispensatories.  These improvements will be intro-
duced in this little work

                 Fluid Extracts.

  This is an excellent  way of preparing many medicines,
as it renders them compact, the necessary dose small, and
they will keep good for any length of time.  Henry Thayer
& Co. put them up in  excellent  style, at Cambridgeport,
near  Boston, and the  author is permitted to make the fol-
lowing selection from their catalogue, as these " Extracts "
are largely referred to in the " Ship and Shore Physician."

  Aconite Root. Used as an external application to
deaden the pain of neuralgia, rheumatism, gout, &c.  In- 
60                 SHIP AND SHORH
ternally should be  administered  with  extreme caution-
Dose — Three or four drops, diluted.
  Arnica Flowers.   A valuable embrocation, possessing
great efficacy in relieving pain.
  Belladonna.   Useful in neuralgia, fits, &c.  Dose —
Ten to twenty drops, cautiously increased.
  Blackberry Root.  Astringent and tonic, much used
in the bowel complaints of children.  Dose — Thirty drops
to one teaspoonful.
  Bloodhoot.   Emetic, stimulant, diaphoretic.  Used as
an addition to pulmonary compounds;  or alone, in dyspep-
sia, or as an alterative.  Dose — Six to ten  drops, diluted.
  Blue Flag.  Cathartic, alterative, anthelmintic.  An
excellent remedy in humors and all diseases of the skin.
Dose — Ten drops to one teaspoonful.
  Boxwood  Bark.   Tonic  and  stimulant.   Useful in
debility from uterine complaints.  Dose — Fifteen drops to
one teaspoonful.
  Buchu.  Used chiefly in complaints of  the urinary or-
gans, especially in chronic cases.  Dose — Thirty drops to
one teaspoonful.
   Bugle-Weed.  Mildly narcotic, tonic.  Useful  in  pul-
monary diseases, and all kinds of debility.   Dose — Thirty
drops to one teaspoonful.
   Butternut Bark.   A  gentle laxative, operates with-
out producing debilitating effects; a good alterative.  Dose—
 One to three teaspoonfuls.
   Cayenne.  Powerfully stimulant.   Very  useful as an
 addition to irritating liniments.  Dose — Five to ten drops,
 diluted.
   Cherry Bark. Tonic and sedative.  A  favorite remedy
 in  pulmonary diseases.   Dose,— One  to two teaspoonfuls. 
PHYSICIAN AND 8URGB0N.
61
  Cherry Bark Com p.  For pulmonary affections.   A
compound of cherry bark, blood root, ipecac, and opium.
Has been successfully prescribed heretofore in this vicinity,
under the  name  of cherry mixture.   Dose — Thirty drops
to one teaspoonful.  This is a very  valuable medicine in
coughs, colds, and the whole class of lung diseases.
  Cinchona, from Quill Bark.  Dose — Fifteen drops to
one teaspoonful.
  Cinchona Rubra.   Dose — As last.
  Cinchona Calisaya.  Dose — As last.
  Cinchona Comp.   Formula like Tr.  Cincho.  Comp.
Dose — As last.
  Columbo Root.  A valuable  tonic.  Dose — Fifteen
drops to one teaspoonful.
  Conium.  A  good remedy in neuralgia, and stomach
complaints.  Doso — Five to twenty drops,  cautiously in-
creased.
  Cranesbill.   Astringent, of the  same class as  hard-
hack, oak  bark,  and blackberry.  Dose—Thirty drops to
one teaspoonful.
  Cubebs.  Useful in diseases of the mucous membranes.
This preparation  sometimes deposits crystals of cubebin, and
in such case requires to be shaken.  Dose — Fifteen drops
to one teaspoonful, diluted.
  Cubebs Ethereal.  The oleo-resinous extract. Dose—
Four to twenty drops.
  Culver's Root, Leptandra.   Laxative, with specific
action on the liver.  Useful in cases accompanied with  tor-
pidity of that organ.   Dose — Fifteen to twenty drops.
  Digitalis, or Fox-glove.  Narcotic,  Sedative, Diure-
tic.  Has  peculiar cumulative effects, and should be cau-
tiously administered.  Dose — Five to ten  drops.
              6 
62                 SHIP AND SHORE
  Gentian.   A well known bitter Tonic of great value.
Dose — Thirty drops to one teaspoonful.
  Gentian Compound.   Used as " Stoughton's Elixir."
Dose — Thirty drops to one teaspoonful.
  Ginger.  (Jamaica.)   Tonic,  Stimulent,  Carminative.
Useful in exhaustion, weariness, gastric  distress, flatulency,
colic.  Dose — Fifteen drops to one teaspoonful, diluted.
  Hardhack.  A vegetable astringent, applicable for same
purposes as Gums,  Kino and Catechu.  Dose — Thirty
drops to one teaspoonful.
   Henbane, Hyosciamus.  Narcotic.   Good for nervous
complaints.   Dose—Ten to twenty drops.
   Hops, Humulus.  Tonic and Sedative. This preparation
contains the Lupulin, Bitter Extractive, and  Essential Oil
of the original material.  Dose — Fifteen drops to one tea-
spoonful, diluted.
   Horehound, Marrubium.  Tonic, Aperient.   A useful
remedy in coughs, colds, &c.   Dose—One teaspoonful.
   Mandrake,  Podophyllum.   A  drastic Cathartic.  In
small doses,  alterative.   A  useful addition  to Butternut,
Dandelion,  &c.   Dose — One-half to one teaspoonful; as
alterative, five to ten drops.
   Matico.   An excellent  Tonic,  with marked  effect to
increase the appetite and promote digestion.  Dose — Thirty
drops to one teaspoonful.
   Oak  Bark.    Quercus Alba.   Astringent,  useful in
bowel complaints.  Diluted with soft water, forms an excel-
lent astringent gargle, lotion or injection.  Dose — Fifteen
drops to one teaspoonful.
   Opium,  Aqueous.  A preparation of Opium, which
produces less cerebral  distress and excitement than the
alcoholic preparation, with little tendency to produce con-
stipation.   Dose — Ten to forty drops. 
PHYSICIAN  AND SURGEON.
63
  Orris Root, Ins Flor.  This extract  is a delightful
addition to perfumes for the handkerchief, Colognes, Oint-
ments, &c.
  Pareira Brava, Pareira.  For diseases of the urinary
passages.  Dose—Thirty drops to one teaspoonful.
  Peppermint, Mentha Piperita.  Stimulant, Carminative.
Used as the " Essence of Peppermint."
  Pinkroot and Senna.  A valuable officinal vermifuge.
Dose — One to two teaspoonfuls.
  Pipstsskwa, Wintergreen,  Princess Pine, Chimaphila.
Tonic, Diuretic, lessens irritation of the bladder and kidneys.
Dose — Thirty drops to one teaspoonful.
  Pluerisy Root.   Useful in low stages of Fever, Pneu-
monia, Pleurisy, Dropsy, &c.  Dose — One  teaspoonful.
  Prickly Ash, Xanthorylum.   Stimulant, Tonic, Alter-
ative.  Dose — Ten to twenty drops.
  Quassia.   A bitter Tonic without astringency, particu-
larly adapted to feeble states of the digestive organs.  Dose
Fifteen drops to one teaspoonful.
  Queen's-Root,  Stillingia.   Dose — Thirty drops to
one  teaspoonful.  One of  the best alteratives, and very
useful in diseases of the skin.
  Rhatany, Krameria.   Powerfully astringent.  Useful
in diarrhoea, passive hemorrhages, leucorrhoea,  &c.   Also,
when  diluted, as  a local appHcation.  Dose — Fifteen  to
thirty drops.
  Rhubarb, India.   Dose — For adults, one to two tea-
spoonfuls.
  Rhubarb, Turkey.  Dose — as last.
  Rhubarb and Senna.  An excellent combination, and
will be found a valuable cathartic in all cases where  such a
medicine is required.  Dose—One to two teaspoonfuls. 
64
SHIP AND SHORE
  Scullcap,  Scutellaria.   A valuable  Nervine.   Used
like Valerian, Hops, &c, for its sedative properties.   Dose
Thirty drops to one teaspoonful.
  Senna, Aqueous.   From the cold Infusion.   Aqueous
Extract of Senna is agreeable to the  taste, operates in a
small dose, and in its action is  as  mild as  Castor Oil.  It
may be given alone, or mixed with tea, coffee, syrup, &c.
Dose—One to three teaspoonfuls, repeated if required.
  Senna and Jalap.  A combination forming a  strong
drastic cathartic.  Dose—One to two teaspoonfuls.
  Snakeroot.   A stimulant Tonic,  useful in low stages
of disease.  Dose — Fifteen to thirty drops.
  Strammonium, or Thorn  Apple.   From the leaves.
Narcotic ; in large doses, poisonous.  Useful in Epilepsy,
and  other nervous  diseases.   Dose — Four  to six drops,
cautiously increased.
  Thoroughwort, Eupatorium.  Diaphoretic, Aperient.
A favorite remedy in colds accompanied with febrile symp-
toms.  Dose — One to two teaspoonfuls, in hot water.
  Uva Ursi.   It has been  used with success in chronic
affections of the  bladder.  In  this form the patient is more
sure of receiving the full effect of the  remedy than where
the domestic infusion is used.   Dose—Thirty drops to one
teaspoonful.
  Valerian.   Nervine.  A popular remedy, promoting
sleep, relieving pain, allaying the distress of Neuralgia, &c.
Dose—One teaspoonful.

              Concentrated Powders.

  The threat convenience of these medicines, is the  small
doses which are required, and the  little room they occupy.
The following, are chiefly in the form of powders. 
               PHYSICIAN AND  SURGEON.             65

  1. Apocynin—common name, dog's bane, bitter root,&c.
  It is  alterative, tonic, aperient, and diuretic.  Used in
drops}-,  dyspepsia, upon recovering from  fevers, and in
dysentery.   The  dose is  from one to four grains,  three
times a day.
  2.  Asclkpin — common  names, pleurisy  root,  white
root; botanical name, asclepias tuberosa.   It is diaphoretic,
diuretic, tonic, and is used in pleurisy,  inflammatiou of the
lungs, rheumatism, catarrh, consumption,  flatulence,  indi-
gestion, and in measles, scarlet fever, and small-pox.  The
dose is from two to four grains.
  3.  Capsicin—made from the  cayenne pepper.   It is
one of the purest, best and most powerful stimulants, to be
taken for  pain in the  stomach, dyspepsia, lethargy,  palsy,
scarlet fever.  One drachm of the oil  to an ounce of alco-
hol, makes an excellent liniment, to be applied in rheuma-
tism, paralysis, sciatica, neuralgia, &c.  The dose internally,
is from one to two drops, in sugar and hot water.
  4.  Cypripedin — ladies' slipper,  nerve-root.  It pre-
vents spasms, is  nervine, tonic, and slightly narcotic.  In
cases where  opium cannot be taken,  this is a good sub-
stitute.  Dose, from two to four grains.
  5.  Euonimin—burning bush, waahoo.   It is tonic, laxa-
tive, alterative,  and expectorant.  Used in dyspepsia, tor-
pid liver, constipation, and dropsy.  Dose, from one to three
grains, three  times a day.
  6.  Eupatouin—queen of the meadow, gravel-root It
is diuretic,  tonic,  stimulant  and  astringent.  Useful in
Btrancuary,  dropsy, bloody  urine,  gravel, gout, and in all
urinary disorders.   Dose, two to four grains.
   7.  Gelsemin —common names,  yellow  Jessamine,
woodbine,—febrifuge, anti spasmodic,  and narcotic,—used
        6* 
66                 SHIP AND  SHORE
in all fevers, acute and chronic rheumatism, pleurisy, and
inflammation of the lungs, &c.  The dose is  from one-half
a grain to one grain.  The concentrated tincture is as good
as the powder,  and the dose is from five to thirty drops,
in a wine-glass full of water.
  8.  Geranin--botanical name, geranium maculatum—
common names, crane's bill, crow foot, &c.   It is a  power-
ful  astringent, used in diarrhea, dysentery, spitting blood,
ulcers,  sore  mouth,  gleet, the whites, excessive flow ol
urine, &c.  Dose, from one to three grains.
  9.  Helonin—false unicorn root — it is tonic and diu
retic.  It is  very valuable in uterine complaints.  Dose,
from three to six grains.
   10.  Hydrastine — common names, golden seal, golden
root.  It is an  excellent tonic and strengthening medicine,
but little, if any inferior to the quinine, and may be used
in all cases where a tonic  is necessary.  Dose, from one to
two grains.
   11.   Leptandrin—common  names,  black  root,  Cul-
ver's Physic, &c.  It is alterative, laxative, and tonic, com-
bined  with equal  parts of the podophillin,  and taken in
ginger tea, it is the best  alterative in jaundice, dyspepsia,
and all obstructions of the stomach and digestive apparatus.
Dose, from two to four grains.
   12.   Lobelin—lobelia inflata.   It is emetic, diaphoretic,
and expectorant.   It is used in fevers, croup, asthma, her-
nia, and uterine rigidity.   Dose, from one to two grains.
For an emetic, the wine or tincture of Lobelia  is the best
preparation,  to be given  in teaspoonful  doses, till the de-
sired effect is produced.
   13.   Mackotin —black cohosh, squaw root—anti-spas-
modic,  narcotic,  emenagogue, &c, used  in uterine  dis- 
PHYSICIAN AND  SURGEON.
67
cases, leucorrhea,  dysmenorrhea,  sterility, hysteria,  cho-
rea, and as a parturient, and in neuralgia, asthma, delirium
tremens, and gonorrhea.  Dose, from one to three grains,
from three to six times a day.
  14.  Myricin—babery—astringent,  stimulant, and al-
terative.  It is used in scrofula, dysentery,  diarrhea, mixed
with two grains of leptandrin.  The  dose,  is from two to
four grains twice a day.
  15.   Podophillin—May apple, mandrake—alterative
and cathartic.  As an  alterative,  from one-fourth to one-
half a grain, aud from two  to four grains, as an active ca-
thartic.  It  is best, as already stated under Leptandrin, to
combine it  with equal parts of that  In  this way,  it is
one of  the  best alteratives, answering all  the purposes of
mercury without  its injurious effects.  It  is an  excellent
remedy for the round worms, and for pin-worms in children.
  16.  Phytolacin—garget, poke-root.   It is alterative,
narcotic, and emetic.  It is a good remedy in chronic rheu-
matism.  Dose, from one to  three grains. The juice of the
berries may be taken  in teaspoonful doses.
  17.   Rhus in—common names,  sumach, upland sumach
—tonic, astringent, and antiseptic.   It is  very useful in
dysentery, diarrhea, fevers, leucorrhea, aud especially in
chronic diarrhea, occurring in consumptive  patients.  Dose,
from one to two grains.
  18.   Sanguinarin—common name, blood root—a very
valuable medicine.   Used in diseases of the chest, influ-
enza, rheumatism,  diseases  of the liver,  cramp, and as a
caustic.  Dose, from one to  three grains.
  19.   Scutei.arin — scull-cap.  It  is  anti-spasmodic,
nervine, and tonic.   In many eases it will  succeed much
better  than the preparations of opium, especially is this the 
68
SHIP AND SHORE
case, with children.  It  is a valuable remedy in nervous
excitement, chorea, neuralgia, convulsions, restlessness, and
wakefulness.   Dose, from two to four grains.
  20.  Stillingix—common name, queen's delight.   In
dyspepsia, and old broken down constitutions from  disease
and  the  imprudent  use of mercury, it is one of the best
remedies  known.  It relieves the constitution of all  old
standing impurities, whether arising  from syphilis, the itch,
Jackson itch, poisons, &c, and cures all kinds of pimples and
eruptions  upon the skin.   It  should be continued in small
doses for some time.   Dose of the stillingin powder from
two  to four grains;  of  the  fluid  extract, from twenty to
thirty drops,  three times a day.
   21.  Viburin—high cranberry, cramp bark.  It is very
useful in hysteria, asthma, cramp of the limbs or stomach,
convulsions, &c.   Dose, from one to three grains.
   22.  Zanthoxylin—common  name,  prickly ash.  It
is stimulant and alterative—used with great benefit in rheu-
matism, colic, dyspepsia, derangements of the liver.  Dose,
from one to three grains.

                        Acids.
   23.  Aromatic Sulphuric Acid—Very strengthening
dose, sufficient to make a tumbler of water a little sour, or
ten drops at  a time.
   24.  Nitric Acid—Tonic—useful in weak constitutions.
Dose—of the diluted, ten drops,  or sufficient to sour a gill
of water, taken two or three times a day.

                       Balsam.
.  25.  Pulmonary Balsam—Take syrup tolu, one ounce,
wine of squills, one ounce, and paragoric half an ounce  mix.
Valuable in common cough or colds. 
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
69
  26.  Another for the same — Spikenard root, one
dunce; elecampane root, one ounce; comfrey root, one ounce.
Blood root, one ounce; Horehound, of the tops, a handful.
Mix these and boil them in a quart of water—pour off" the
decoction, add  half a pint of spirits, and white sugar,  a
pound, boil again ;  let it stand twenty-four hours, then bot-
tle it.  Dose—a wineglassful three or four times a day.
  27.  Anodyne Balsam—Take of white Spanish soap,
one ounce ; opium, unprepared, two drachms; rectified spirit
of wine, nine ounces.  Digest them  together in a gentle
heat for three days, then strain off* the liquor, and add to it
three drachms of camphor.  This balsam is intended to
ease pain.  It is of service in violent strains and rheumatic
complaints, when not attended with inflammation.  It must
be rubbed with a warm  hand on the part affected, or a
linen rag moistened with it may be applied to the part, and
renewed  every third or fourth hour, till the pain abates.
If the opium is left out, this will be the Saponaceous Balsam.
  28.  Peruvian Balsam, or  Hair Tonic.—Take pre-
pared lard, two drachms;  white wax, one and a half oun-
ces : melt these  together.   Then add  Peruvian Balsam,
two drachms, and oil of lavender, twelve  drops.   This Bal-
sam is useful for the hair.

                      Bitters.
  Bitters are often useful as tonics.
  29. Quinine—Dissolve twenty-four grains in a drachm of
alcohol, then add  three ounces of simple, or orange-peel
syrup.  Dose—one teaspoonful three times  a day, to give
au appetite.  But a better preparation  is the citrate of iron
and  quinine, as  follows:   Ferocitrate  and  Qut'nta, one
drachui dissolved in proof spirits,  and add an ounce  and a 
70
SHIP AND SHORE
 half of orange-peel syrup.  Dose—a teaspoonful.  See  its
 use in the Physician.   This is the best way to take iron
 and quinine.
   30.  Red Centaury—Put an ounce dried into a pint of
 good spirit—let  it stand eight days.  Dose—a teaspoonful
 or two in a wine-glass Of water ; tonio and good for females
 in suppressed menses.
   31. Colombo Bitters—Take of Columbo  bruised, one
 ounce ; boiling water, one pint.  Dose—a large wine-glass-
 ful evey two or three hours.   This is very useful in weak
 stomach and bowels.

   32.           Dutch  Bitters.

              Gentian.......240 grains.
              Orange Peel<--240   "
              Cinnamon.....  70   M
              Calamus....... 70   M
              Birch Root--..  30   "
              Coriander.....180   "
  Reduce all of the ingredients to powder, macerate them
 eight days in good gin, and then add four ounces of simple
 syrup and three ounces of sugar.   These bitters are useful
 in many cases of indigestion and loss of appetite.

                      Boluses.
 33. Astringent Bolus—Take of alum in powder, fifteen
grains; gum kino, five  grains; syrup, a sufficient quantity
to make a bolus.   In an excessive flow of the menses, and
other violent discharges of blood, proceeding from  relaxa-
tion, this bolus may be given  every four or five hours, till
the discharge abates. 
PHYSICIAN  AND SURGEON.
71
   34. Diaphoretic  Bolus.—Take of gum guaiacum, in
 powder, ten grains ; flowers of sulphur and cream of tartar,
 of each one scruple,  simple  syrup, a  sufficient quantity.
 In  rheumatic  complaints, and  disorders of  the skin, this
 bolus may be taken twice a day.  It will be of service in
 the inflammatory quinsy.

              Caustics or Escharotics.
   These are applied to fungous flesh, sometimes called proud
 flesh.
  35. Lunar Caustic—This is nitrate of silver, commonly
 called Lunar Caustic.  It is applied in the form of the stick,
 or by a solution of a certain number of grains to an ounce
 of water.
  36. Caustic Potash.   This can be obtained at the shops
 It is a powerful  escharotic, and should be cautiously  used.
 It must be  kept in closely corked bottles.  If  allowed to
 come to the  air, it deliquesces,  and it may be used in this
 liquid state upon warts, or fungous flesh, or small wens, by
 dipping a small glass or iron spatula in  it, and applying it,
 carefully confining it to the affected part.   A milder article
 to be used in the treatment of fistulas and indolent ulcers,
 may be made by boiling hickory or oak  ashes, till it makes
 a strong ley.  It must be preserved in closed vessels.   It is
 a very valuable caustic for common use.
  37. Blood Root.—Applied  in fine powder,  or the ex-
tract either  dry, or fluid, is often a useful caustic, applied
to old ulcers or " proud flesh."
  38. White Vitriol.—A small quantity applied answers
the same purpose.
  39. Red Precipitate.—This is a mercurial preparation,
and is often  useful in old indolent ulcers.  A small quantity
of the powder may be strewed over the sore. 
72
SHIP AND SHORE
             Clysters, or Injections.
  40. Laxative Clyster.—Take of milk and water each,
six ounces; sweet oil, or fresh butter and brown  sugar, of
each, two ounces—mix them.  If an ounce of Glaubers'
salt,  or two table-spoonfuls of common  salt, be added to
this, it will be the Purging Clyster.
  41. Carminative Clyster.—Take of camomile flowers
an ounce ;  anise-seed, half an ounce.  Boil in a pint and a
half of water to one pint.
  42. Starch Clyster.—Take jelly of starch, four ounces,
linseed oil, half an ounce.  Liquefy the jelly over a gentle
fire, and then mix in the oil.  In the dysentery,  or bloody
flux, this clyster may be given, to heal the ulcerated  intes-
tines.  Forty or fifty drops of laudanum may be added, in
which case,  it  will  generally supply the place of the As-
tringent Clyster.
  43. Stimulating Clyster.—Lobelia, one  drachm;  in-
ner  bark of large hemlock, half an ounce; cayenne pepper,
one  drachm.  Make a tea, and use half a pint as a clyster,
in colic, costiveness, or strangulated hernia.
  44. Tobacco Clyster. — Tobacco  one drachm,  warm
water one pint; infuse for twenty or thirty minutes; this is
used in strangulated hernia or rupture.
  45. Lime Water Clyster.—Common lime water, not
too strong for the mouth.  This is used to destroy the ascarides,
or " pin worm in children."   Many other clysters  are used
for this purpose, such as  salt and water, soot and water, &c
But the lime water is tha best.

                       Drops.

  46. Anodyne.—Take of the extracts of opium, of belladon
na, and of strammonium, each one part; of distilled cherry 
physician and surgeon.
73
laurel water, twelve parts—Dissolve and filter.  Though this
is an extemporaneous preparation, yet, if kept cool, it will
be preserved for a long time.   In cases of ear-ache, and
facial neuralgia, from four to ten drops put into the ear,
and kept in with a little cotton, and the  head inclined to
the side  opposite to the seat of the pain, or, the ear into which
the anodyne is dropped, the most prompt relief is obtained.
  47.  Diuretic.—Sweet spirits of Nitre,  two ounces.
                   Oil of Almonds, two ounces.
                   Balsam Copaiva, one ounce.
                   Spirits of Turpentine, one ounce.
Mix  these, and add thirty grains of camphor.   Dose—from
one-half to a teaspoonful, given in mucilage of  slippery elm
or gum  Arabic.   Useful in scalding of the urine,  inflam-
mation of the bladder, kidneys, &c.
  48.  Eye Drops, for virulent apthalmia.  Take nitrate
of silver grains, eight, vinous tincture of opium, two drachms,
pure water,  two ounces.  Make a wash—five or six drops
to be put into the eye three or four times a day. It effec-
tually destroys the poison, aud saves the eye.          v

                      Gargles.

  These are certain liquids designed for washing the throat
and  mouth  to produce a stimulating or detergent effect.
They are often  very useful.
  49.  Gargle for  sore throat,  from secondary
syphilis.—Decoction of hemlock, three and a  half ounces;
corrosive sublimate, from one-half to three and a half grains.
Apply often.
  50.  Gargle kor  inflammation of the throat.
—Take  sage, one  ounce; hyssop, one ounce ;  mix, and 
74
SHIP and  shore
 pour upon them a quart of boiling water;  let it stand half
 an hour;  strain, and add one drachm of finely powdered
 borax.  This is useful for  canker and for any acute in-
 flammation.  Use it several times a day.
   51.   For  common  sore mouth and  throat.—Put
 a pint of  hot water to  two drachms of chlorate of potash ;
 when cold, gargle often with it.
   52.   For  ulcerated sore throat.—Take creosote,
 thirty-two drops, syrup of  gum Arabic, two ounces, water
 four ounces—one gill.   Gargle the throat often.

                      Mixtures.

   Mixtures are often convenient for giving medicine in a
 liquid form.
   53.   Neutralizing,  or rheubarb and soda mix-
 ture.—Take rheubarb and soda, or saiaeratus, equal parts,
 one teaspoonful; peppermint  leaves pulverized, two tea-
 spoonfuls.  Put  half a  pint of boiling  water to this pow-
 dered compound; sweeten with sugar, and add half a wine-
 glassful of brandy.  Dose—a table spoonful, often.  This
 is a valuable mixture for sour stomach, diarrhea, cholera-
 morbus, &c.
   54.  Mixtures  for  Spasms.— Take  camphor  and
 spirits, four ounces ; essence of peppermint,  four ounces;
 tincture of cayenne, one drachm; syrup of ginger,  three
drachms.   Mix,  and take a table  spoonful often; if for
threatened cholera, every half hour.
   55.   Nervous Mixture.—Liquid carbonate of ammo-
nia, half a drachm;  distilled mint water, one  and  a half
punces; compound tincture  of card anion,  half an ounce. 
physician and surgeon.
75
Mix these, and take two table spoonfuls three times a day,
for faintings, debility, and nervous weakness.
   56.   White  Mixture.—Make an emulsion of gum-
ammoniac, four ounces; syrup of tolu, syrup of squills, wine
of antimony and paragoric, equal parts, one drachm.  Mix,
and take a table spoonful night and  morning.   This has
long been a celebrated mixture for cough.

   57.       Liniments, or Ointments.

   Take veratria, seven grains; dissolve it in a few  drops
of spirits; then mix it with  one ounce of  lard.  Rub a
piece of the size of a pea or two, upon a commencing  white
swelling—rub it for an hour each day.  It is often of more
value than all other treatment.
   58.    Rheumatic  Liniment. — Spirits  of  camphor,
tincture of aconite, and spirits of turpentine, equal parts—
mix, and apply.
   59.   For the  same.—Cayenne, three drachms, pow-
dered camphor, one drachm;  soap, three ounces; new rum,
half a pint—simmer together, and apply.
   60.   Ointment for a feeling like ants crawl-
ing.—Take iodide of potassa,  half a drachm;  simple cerate,
four ounees.   Make and apply it.   Simple  cerate is made
of one  part  spermaceti;  two parts white wax; and one
part olive oil.  It  cures this  very  troublesome complaint,
called by the doctors, Prurigo Formicans.
  61.   Mixture  Physical.—Sulphate of magnesia, one
ounce ; nitrate of  potash, twenty grains ; sulphate of iron,
one and a half grains,  dissolved in a pint  and a half of
water.   This physic is to be taken in three parts, upon an 
76                 ship and  shore
empty stomach in the morning, at intervals of half an hour.
A cup of tea is then to be taken.   This  is the best remedy
known for the gout, and when succeeded  by the following,
rarely fails  to cure : three ounces of the juice of the field
chicory, (succory,)  with an ounce of  the syrup of  wild
strawberry, also, upon an empty stomach.

                         Pills.

   This is a good way to give some medicines, as a pill will
be more likely to be retained than a liquid in nausea and
vomiting; and it, also, conceals the  unpleasant smell and
taste  of some  medicines.  A pill does not act so soon as
liquid medicine.
   62.   Pill of Mercury and Opium. — Take calomel,
half a drachm, opium  and tartar emetic,  each five grains;
crumbs  of bread a small quantity;  syrup,   or  mucilage
enough  to form a mass, make it into  twenty  pills, one pill
may be taken night and morning in derangement of the liver.
   63.   Copaiva Pill. — Take one ounce of copaiva, mag-
nesia half a drachm.   Mix  aDd set  the mixture  aside
till it forms into  a pilular mass, which may be  divided  into
one hundred pills.   From two to  six of these may be taken
at a dose in all cases where a full dose  of this medicine  is
needed.
   64.  Pill Compound Cathartic.— Take compound
Extract of Colocynth one quarter of an ounce, Extract of
Jalap and Calomel,  each, one drachm and a half, Gamboge
in powder, one scruple.   Mix them together, and with water
form a mass.  Divide it into ninety pills.  Dose,  from two
to three as a purgative.
   65.   Croton Oil Pill. — Mix one drop of Croton oil 
PHYSICIAN  AND SURGEON.
77
with crumb of bread, or conserve of roses.  Take one, or
two, in stoppage, obstinate costiveness, or when any brisk
or active physic is necessary.  It operates thoroughly.
   66.  Opium Pill. —Take  half a grain of Powdered
opium for a pill: make it up with crumb of bread, or con-
serve of roses, or gum Arabic, one or more may be taken,
as tho case requires.
   67.  Ipecac and opium pill.— Take one grain  of
Powdered Ipecac,  half  a  grain of Powdered opium and
make it into a pill, with  liquorice.  Take from one to two,
as they may be needed.   They are valuable in diarrhoea,
or dysentery; or any weakness of the bowels.
   68.  Pill kor Hemorrhage, or Flooding. — Take
sugar of lead  six grains,  powdered opium, three grains,
Byrup sufficient to form a mass.  Make into six  pills, one
every hour till the bleeding stops.
   69.  Creosote Pill. — Take three drops of Creosote,
mix with liquorice enough  to make a mass, and divide into
three pills.  One to be taken every  hour for colic, or nausea
and vomiting.
   70.  Hepatic Pill. — Take extract of dandelion, pow-
dered mandrake and blood root, of each equal parts, to
form a mass, add a few  drops of peppermint, and make  in-
to four grain  pills.  Take three  at  night and morning.
This is very useful in disease of the liver, and in all  de-
rangements and torpidity of that organ.
   71.  Nervous,  or  Neuralgic  Pill. — Take assa-
fceitida half an ounce,  opium half an  ounce, carbonate  of
ammonia half an ounce.   Dissolve by beating the medicine,
make into four j_rmin pills;  take one or two for hysterics,
and all nervous complaints.
   72.  Another  for  the  same. — Take sulphate  of
              7* 
78
SHIP AND SHORE
zinc, powdered valerian and extract of Hyosciamus, of
each, twelve  grains,  and make into twelve  pills.  Dose,
one or two, a day.  Considered one of the best  remedies
for neuralgia.   I have the Recipe from Dr. H. G. Barrows
of Boston.
  73.  Pill  of Dover Powder. — Make the Powder
into four grain pills.  Dose, two or three.  These answer
the same purpose as the Powders, and are for the conve-
nience of those who prefer a pill to a powder.
  74.  Deobstruent Pill, or for obstructed menstrua-
tion, take salts of steel, aloes, myrrh, ergot, equal parts, all
powdered,  one drachm — mix; make 50 pills — take two
morning and evening.
   75.   Stomach  Pill. — Take extract of Gentian two
drachms, powdered rheubarb and vitriolated  tartar, of each
one drachm, oil of mint thirty drops, simple syrup sufficient,
make into four grain pills.  Take three or four night and
morning, to strengthen the stomach.
   76.   Common  Physic Pill. — Take powdered com-
pound   extract of Colocynth one  drachm;  best Turkey
Rheubarb one drachm, and simple syrup to make forty eight
pills.   Dose, two, at  4 o'clock,  P.  M.  daily, as  the most
convenient Physic.
   77.   Pill for  Gleet. — Take extract of nnx vomica
twelve grains, Sulphate of Quinine and extract of Hyosci-
amus, equal  parts, twenty four grains.  Mix, make pills
twenty four.  Dose, one three times a day.

                     For  Poison.

   78.  If by opium, take extract of belladonna, eight grains;
water,  two ounces.  Mix — give  it in  teaspoonful doses 
PHYSICIAN  AND SURGEON.
79
every few minutes.  Or, as soon as taken, give mustard, or
the emetic powder;  sulphate of zinc, five grains, or thirty
grains of Ipecac, or a  table spoonful of tincture  of lobelia.
After vomiting, give brandy and strong  coffee, and keep
the patient awake by walking, shaking or whipping him.
  79.  If by Strychnine, give sweet  oil as much as can be
got down.  Or, give camphor freely internally, and apply
mustard externally.
  80.  By Corrosive  Sublimate.— Drink salaeratus
water; or, take magnesia—use the whites of eggs freely.
  81.  For Arsenic.—The same treatment as for Corro-
sive Sublimate.  Or, a drink  composed of equal parts of
lime-water, and sugar  and water may be freely given.
  In cases of  arsenic, an emetic should  be  immediately
given; it may  be six grains of sulphate of zinc, or a spoon-
ful  of the emetic powder, or a  table spoonful of mustard in
half a pint of  water, or thirty grains  of Ipecac. The ap-
plication of tobacco leaves to  the stomach  externally,  or
infusion of it by clyster, or by  swallowing a small quantity
of the liquid will assist the operation of the emetic.
  The same treatment as  that for corrosive sublimate, or
arsenic, may be used  for  poisoning by auy other  metalic
salt.
  82.  For the poison of a Moschetok Bite,—Apply
oil, oi vinegar, lime-juice,  or  spirits of camphor, or cam-
phor mixture.
  83.  Bites of Venomous Serpents.—Apply the caus-
tic potash to the wound ; or, eau de luce is said to be a cer-
tain antidote against the bites or stings of the most venomous
serpents or spiders.  Lint wet with either  of these should
immediately be applied to the injured part, and renewed
as often as it becomes  dry.  Or, a poultice  made of quick- 
80
SHIP AND SHORE
lime and soap should be applied  to the bitten part, and as
much cayenne, or red pepper,  mixed in spirits, swallowed
every hour, as  the stomach will bear.   Or,  a free use of
whiskey may be made.   Or, the juice of plantain and hore-
hound, in doses  of a table spoonful may be  taken every
hour.  Or, the blood may be freely sucked from the wound.
A tight  ligature  should be put around the leg  or arm when
a person is bitten in the leg or hand.  If a toe or finger is
bitten, cutting it off, may save the body.

                       Plasters.
   84.  Common Sticking Plaster. — This can always
be procured at  the shops, and  is useful  for many  pur-
poses.  When this is used in dressing a wound, it should
be applied by straps,  one half being fastened on  one side
of the wound, and the other upon the skin,  on the other
side of the wound,  drawing it tight, and holding it firmly,
till the warmth of the part secures it.
   85.   Strengthninc Plaster.—Take  hemlock gum,
add one fourth the quantity of white  turpentine; dissolve,
and strain it.  This makes a useful plaster for rheumatism,
or any kind of weak back.
   86.   Astringent Plaster.—Take white oak bark, a
sufficient amount; put it into cold water and let it stand a
day ; then put it into a boiler, and evaporate it to an ex-
tract.  It is useful  to be  applied in  hernia or  rupture,
spread on soft leather, upon the removal  of a truss, or be-
fore a truss has been worn.
   87.  Black  Plaster.—Take white oak  bark, bruise,
add urine, let it macerate three days, then boil it till it be-
comes as thick as honey;  add to every five pounds,  one
pound of honey, and one  pound of turpentine strained; 
physician  and surgeon.
81
add  two drachms of  white  vitriol, powdered,  to every
ounce.  Apply on a plaster to a cancer, or ulcer, or white
swelling, if open.   It acts as a caustic.
  88.  Blistering  Plaster.—Take  mutton suet, bees-
wax,  and  white rosin, equal parts of each,  melt  them to-
gether, and add one part of finely powdered Spanish flies.
This applied, soons draws a blister.
  89.  Beach's Irritating Plaster.—Take mandrake,
blood-root, Indian  turnip, and poke-root, finely pulverised,
of each half a pound, cover with alcohol, and let it stand
till nearly dry.  Melt four pounds of pure Burgundy pitch,
and add half a pound of Venice turpentine.   Then, stir in
the powdered roots, and mix the whole thoroughly  together,
Simmer till it forms  a  very soft plaster, spread it on soft
leather and apply it,  keeping it on,  as long as it can be
worn.  It is considered one of the best irritating plasters.

                     Poultices.
  90.  To Stop  Pain.—Take rye flour and vinegar, as
thick as for buck-wheat cakes»  half a teaspoonful of mus-
tard ;  grease the pan well and bake  it—apply to  the pain-
ful part.
  91.  For Gangrene.—Take one pint of milk, warm,
yeast  one  gill, and  slippery elm bark finely powdered,
enough to make a poultice.
  92.  For Scrofular  Swelling. — Take boiled car-
rots one pound, flour one ounce ; mix with hot water enough
to make a  poultice — apply.
  93.   For Bronciiocelk.—This is a tumor or swelling
upon the fore part of the neck—make  a poultice by steep-
ing the bark of shell-bark trees  in  water, mix with flour,
and apply warm, keeping it on day and uight, aud renewing
twice a day. 
82
SHIP and  shore
                Common Powders.
  94.  Emetic Powder.—Take equal parts of pulver-
ized blood-root, green lobelia leaves and ipecac, mixed well.
Take a teaspoonful in hot  water.  Repeat, if necessary in
an hour.  This  is the best common emetic.   It should be
taken in hot pennyroyal or boneset tea.
  95.  Dover's Powder. — Take ipecac and opium, in
powder of each, one drachm, sulphate of potassa, one ounce.
Rub them thoroughly together, and mix into a powder.  The
dose is from five to fifteen grains, according to circumstan-
ces.  It is a good sudorific and used for many diseases.  It
can be obtained ready prepared, at the shops.
  96.  Powder of Camphor and  Nitre. — Camphor
two  scruples, (40  grains) ; nitre, powdered, two drachms.
Moisten the camphor with spirits, and,  after reducing it to
a fine powder, add the nitre.  Divide it into twelve doses,
one to be taken in every two or three hours.
  97.  Common Physic  Powder. — Jalap one  ounce,
senna two ounces, cloves  one drachm, all finely powdered
and  mixed,  makes one of the most active  cathartics in all
billious difficulties.   Dose, one teaspoonful in half a gill of
hot water, and a teaspoouful of sugar.
  98.  Powder for Chill and Heat.—Quinine twenty
grains, powdered  cayenne fifteen grains, mix, and divide
into  eight powders.  Dose, one every three hours, after
taking the above  named  cathartic powder, for fever and
ague.
  99.  Rheubarb and Soda Powder.—Take of  rheu-
barb powdered three grains, soda, or salaeratus, two grains
make a powder.   Two or three  of these powders may be
taken, a day, one after each meal.  They are for the same
purpose as the neutralizing mixture, to  correct acidity, or
dyspepsia, and diarrhea. 
•
               PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.             83

  100. Styptic Powder.—Matico leaves powdered very
fine, and applied to any bleeding surface.  Or, snuffed up
the nose for nose bleeding.
  101.  Cough Powder.—Cayenne pepper and ipecac,
equal  parts, powdered opium one  half as much  as either
of the other, mix well.   Dose, five grains often, mixed with
honey or molasses.  It quiets a cough wonderfully.

                      Syrups.
  102.  Compound  Syrup of Phosphates ;  these  are
very nutritious in consumption.  It is made of the phosphates
in the following proportions—it should be taken immediately
after  eating,  in a  dose  of one teaspoonful, three times a
day—each  teaspoonful  contains   11-2  grains  of phos-
phate of iron, 2  grains  phosphate  of lime, 1 1-2 grains
phosphate of potassa,  2  grains phosphate  of soda, and 2
grains of free phosphoric acid.  This  syrup can be  pur-
chased ready made.
  103.  Cough Syrup.—Iceland  moss 2  ounces, 5  pop-
py heads, 1 table spoonful of barley, whole.   Put these into
three  pints of water and boil down  to two, strain, and dis-
solve  in it one pound of brown rock candy.  Dose, a table
Bpoonful, when a cough is troublesome.
  104. Pectoral Syrup.—Take sassafras pith 1 drachm,
gum arabic  1 ounce,  white  sugar,  21 ounces,  muriate of
morphia 8 grains, water 1  pint.  Put the sassafras pith and
gum arabic into the water, and let it stand 12 hours, stirring it
often  ; the sugar should be dissolved in the mucilage  cold,
which being strained,  should  be made up  to one pint by
adding water.  The morphia  is then  to be added, a few
droDtTof the  oil of sassafras, also.   Dose, one teaspoonful,
often, for cough. 
84
SHIP AND SHORE
  105.  Ayer's Cherry  Pectoral—Achate  of mor-
phine grains 3,  tincture of blood-root  2 drachms, wine of
ipecac, of each, 3 drachms, syrup  of wild  cherry bark 3
ounces, mix.  Dose, one teaspoonful often, for cough,


                     Tinctures.

  106.  Compound  Tincture  of  Bark. — Take of
Peruvian bark two ounces,  Seville  orange peel and  cinna-
mon of each half an  ounce.   Let the bark be powdered
and the other ingredients bruised,  then  infuse the whole in
a pint and a half of brandy, for five  or six days in a close
vessel, afterwards strain  off  the  tincture. The dose i.s
from one drachm to three or four,  every fifth or sixth hour.
It may be  given in any suitable  liquor, and  occasionally
sharpened with a few drops of the spirits of vitriol.  This
tincture is beneficial in intermitting fevers, also in  the slow,
nervous and putrid kinds.
  107.  Volatile  Tincture of   Gum Guaiacum.—
Take of gum guaiacum four ounces,  volatile aromatic spir-
it, a pint.  Infuse without heat, in  a vessel well stopped, for
a few days, then strain  off  the tincture.  In rheumatic
complaints a teaspoonful of this tincture may be taken in a
cup of the infusion of water twice  or thrice a day.
  108.  Volatile  F<btid   Tincture. — Infuse two
ounces of asafoetida in one  pint of volatile aromatic spirit,
for eight days, in a close bottle, frequently shaking it; then
strain the tincture.   This medicine is beneficial in hysteric
disorders, especially, when attended with lowness  of spirits
and faintings.  A teaspoonful  of it may be taken in  a glass
of wine, or a cup of pennyroyal tea. 
PHYSICIAN  and surgeon.
85
               Washes,  or Lotions.

   109.   Cooling  Wash.—Sugar  of lead  one drachm;
soft water, half a pint   This  wash  is very  cooling to an
inflamed part.
   110.   For  Eruptions on  the  Skin.—Take babery,
lobelia and yellow dock, fine, add a table spoonful to one
pint of spirits.  Apply often.
   111.   Eyk  Wash,  or  Water. — Powdered  borax,
one ounce ; pure water, one quart.  Mix,  and let it stand
six hours.  Useful in sore eyes, sore nipples, canker, &c.
   For discoloration  of the skin, or spots, which are often
troublesome, either  of the following  washes may be used—
   Sulphuret ofpotassa, commonly called "liver of suphur,"
one ounce, water, one pint.
   Weak  sulphuric  acid—" white vitriol "—two  drachms;
water, one pint.
   Sidphate of zinc, half an  ounce to  one pint of water.
Or, the sulphur water may be used, half an ounce to a pint
of water.
   112.  Black Wash.—Take lime-water,  one gill,  or
about a  small teacupfnl, add  thirty grains  of calomel to
it.  This wash has been  much  used  in the venereal, or
pox.

                       Waters.

   113.  Walnut Water.—Take  two quarts of walnuts
when  about half grown, bruise them, and with four ounces
of fresh angelica seeds, put them into  an alembic, with a
pint of good brandy, and sufficient water  to prevent their
burning.   Distil  one quart, called  walnut water.   Dose, 
86
ship and shore
a wineglassful for nausea and vomiting.  Or, a strong tea
may be made of the green,  or dried walnut leaves, and
drank  freely.  Nothing is better to stop  sickness,  or for
scrofula, and general weakness.
  114.  Toast  Water.—Take a slice of fine stale bread,
cut thin, and carefully toasted  on each side—browned, but
not burned.  Put  it into a stone jar and pour over it as
much boiling water, as your  wish.  Cover the jar, and
when cool, it is fit for use.   It is nourishing and very valu-
able for weak stomachs.
   116.  Rose Water.—Take  of fresh  gathered  roses,
six pounds, water two gallons, distil ofF one gallon.  It is
valued chiefly on account of its fine flavor.
   115. Cinnamon Water.—Steep one pound of cinnamon
bark, bruised, in  a gallon and  a  half of water, and one
pint of brandy, for two days.  Then, distil off one gallon.
This  is an agreeable,  aromatic water, possessing the fra-
grance and virtue of the spice.
   117. Water of  Gentian. — Take infusion of gen-
tian,  four ounces; aromatic spirits of ammonia, half  an
ounce; tincture of aurantii, half an ounce;  tincture  of
cardamon  half an  ounce; mix —Take a table  spoonful
often, for  loss of appetite.
   118.  Infusion of  Water of Cinnamon. — Take
red bark in powder one ounce, aromatic sulphuric acid a fluid
drachm, water, a pint,  macerate it for twelve hours, shake
often,  strain.   Dose,  three  or  four  table spoonfuls, for
weakness, whites, and general debility in females.
   119.  Water, or Infusion of Quassia.—This may
be made in the same way, and of the same strength, as the
infusion of bark, and taken more freely. 
87
CONTENTS,
TO THE SHIP AND SHORE PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON
                        Pago
Abdomen...................  3
Asthma..................... 18
Blood, Spitting of........... 19
Bleeding at the Nose........29
Bronchitis.................. 33
Bubo....................... 41
Colic, Windy, Billions......  8
  "   Painter's—...........  4
Cholera, Asiatic............ 10
Chest....................... 17
Cough...................... 17
Cold....................... 19
Consumption, Pulmonary... 20
Croup.............•........ 80
Dropsy of the Abdomen.....  4
Dyspepsia, or Indigestion.... 13
Dysentery.................. 14
Dropsy of the Chest........ 19
Dislocation of the  Shoulder. 63
       "   Elbow........... 63
  "    "   Thigh  .......... 54
  "    •*   Lower Jaw.......64
  "    "   The Knee Pan.... 54
  "    "   Knee Joint...... 55
  "    "   Ankle..........65
Earache....................28
Fistula in Ano.............. 1C
Fever,  Scarlet.............  34
  '*     and Ague ........ 44
  "      Remittent ........ 45
  "     Typhus,   or Ty-
  "         phoid.......... 45
  "       Ship.............46
  "       Yellow.......... 47
  "       Inflammatory.... 48
Fracture of the Nose........ 66
  "    "   Lower Jaw.......6fi
  "    "   Collar Bone...... 56
  "    "   Ribs   "......... 57
  "    •'   the Arm.......... 67
  "    "  Elbow........... 68
  "    "  Forearm......... 58
                        Page.
Gonnorrhea, or  Clapp......38
Gleet.......................41
General Diseases............43
Heart Burn, or Sour Stomach 11
Hernia, or Rupture..........15
Headache...................27
Inflammation of the Bowels.  6
  "    "  Covering of  the
  "    "    Bowels.........  6
  "    "  Liver............  6
  "    "  Chronic..........  7
  "    "  Spleen...........  7
  "    "  Stomach.........  8
  "    "  Brain............27
  "    "  Eye............. 29
  "    "  Kidneys..........86
  "    "  Bladder..........3tf
Jaundice. ..................49
Looseness of the Bowels..... 12
Mumps.....................33
Piles....................... 16
Pleurisy....................26
Phimosis...................42
Paraphimosis............... 42
Quinsey,    Ulcerated   Sore
    Throat................. 81
Syphilis, or Pox............40
Stricture................... 41
Scurvy..................... 48
Skin Diseases...............60
Surgery.................... 63
Sprain," Stretchings, &c......61
Toothache..................29
Throat, Sore, clergymen's ... 82
Testicle, swelled............ 42
Urine, bloody............... 87
    "    Suppression of.... 37
    "    Incontinence of.... 38
Vomiting............•"......  9
    "   and Purging.......  9
    "   of  Blood.......... 11 
88
INDEX,
TO THE DOMESTIC DISPENSATORY.
   THE FLUID EXTRACTS
                        Page.                        Page.
Aconite Root...............59 Queen's Root............... 63
Arnica Flowers............. 60 Rhatany.................... 63
Belladonna................. 60 Rhubarb.................. 63
Blackberry Root............ 60Rhubarb  and Senna........64
Blood Root................. 60JScull-Cap..................64
Blue Flagg................. 60Senna, Aqueous............64
Boxwood Bark.
60
Buchu..................... 60
Bugle Weed................ 60
Cayenne................... 60
Cherry, Bark............... 60
Ciuchonia.................. 61
Col umbo Root..............611
Conium.................... 61
Cranesbill.................. 61
Cubebs.....................61
Culver's Root...............61
Digitalis....................61
Gentian.................... 62
Ginger.....................62
Hardhack..................62
Henbane................... 62
Hops...................... 62
Horehound................. 62
Mandrake.................. 62
Matico..................... 62
Oak Bark.................. 62
Opium..................... 62
Orris Root.................. 63
Parira Brava............... 63
Peppermint.................63
Pinkroot and Senna.........63
Pipsissewa................. 63
Pleurisy Root............... 63
Prickly Ash................ 63
Quassia...............
63
      and Jalap............  64
Snakeroot..................  64
Strammonium..............64
Thorough wort..............  64
Uva Ursi...................  64
Valerian....................  64

  Concentrated Powders.

Apocinin...................  65
Asclepin...................  65
Capcicin....................  66
Cypripedin.................  65
Euonomin..................  65
Eupatorin..................  65
Gelsemanin................  65
Geranin....................  66
Helonin....................  66
Hydrastine.................. 66
Leptandrin................. 66
Macrotin................... 66
Myricin.................... 67
Podophillin................ 67
Phytolacin...........~...... 67
Rhiisin.....................67
Sanguinarin................ 67
Scutelarin..................67
Stillingin...................68
Viburin....................68
Zanthoxolyn................68