WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, Chicago, Ills., 18^2-’^^. WAR DEPARTMENT EXHIBIT. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT UNITED STATES ARMY. No. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE Models of Hospital Steam Vessels From the Army Medical Museum, Washington, 1). C. DIRECTION OF THE SURGEON-GENERAL, U. S. A LOUIS A. LA GARDE, ASSISTANT SURGEON U. S. ARMY, IN CHARGE OF MEDICAL SECTION. CHICAGO, ILLS. 1892-’93. WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, Chicago, Ills., i892-’(93. WAR DEPARTMENT EXHIBIT, MEDICAL DEPARTMENT UNITED STATES ARMY, No. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE Models of Hospital Steam Vessels From the Army Medical Museum, Washington, 10. C. DIRECTION OF THE SURGEON-GENERAL, U. S. A. LOUIS A. LA GARDE, ASSISTANT SURGEON U. S. ARMY, IN CHARGE OF MEDICAL SECTION. CHICAGO, ILLS. 1892-93. WORLD’S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, Chicago, Ills., :Bg2~’g^. Medical Department, United States Army, EXHIBIT. Description of the Models of Hospital Steam-Vessels, From the U. S, Army Medical Museum, Washington, D. C. These models are intended to illustrate the plans actually employed during the war of 1861-G5 for adapting the ordinary steamboats of the interior rivers of the United States, and the merchant steam-vessels of the Atlantic coast, to the transportation of sick and wounded soldiers. It was, of course, on the Mississippi river and its tributaries, in the rear of the great western armies, that the methods of fitting up river- boats were brought to the greatest perfection. The military operations in the Mississippi Valley, during the greater of the Avar, were so related to these streams that they offered the most convenient and eco- nomical routes of transportation, and the numerous large river-steam- boats, Avhich in times of peace are occupied in transporting merchandise and passengers on these waters, required comparatively little alteration to convert them into commodious hospital-boats, well adapted to the transportation of the sick and wounded. From the capacious dimensions of these boats, and their smooth motion through the waters of the broad streams on which they floated, this method of transportation undoubtedly secured greater comfort to the patients than Avas possible in the case of the railroads, or of coast- wise transportation. Indeed, on emergencies, as after battles, these boats often served, without any special fitting up, to convey the wounded in comparative comfort to the base hospitals. But early in the Avar several of the most spacious and commodious of the Mississippi river passenger steamboats Avere specially devoted to the service of the sick 4 and wounded, and were specially fitted up as hospital-boats, or indeed it may be said as floating hospitals; placed under the command of a surgeon in charge, and making frequent trips between the army in the field and the base hospitals, most of which were accessible by the river or its branches. The model of the hospital steamboat 1). A. January is intended to illustrate this class of vessels. Model of the TJ. S. Army Hospital Steamboat D. A. January.—This model was constructed under the immediate supervision of Assistant Surgeon A. H. Hoff, U. S. Army, who was for a long time surgeon-in- charge. It is five feet long, being on the scale of one-fourth of an inch to the foot, and represents the whole vessel, with beds, &c., in position, all details being carefully worked out. The following statement with regard to this vessel was furnished by Dr. Hoff: “The hospital steamer I). A. January was built in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1856. She was a side-wheel steamboat of 450 tons burthen, 235 feet in length, 35 feet beam, and extreme width 65 feet. She had two high-pressure engines, 22-inch cylinders, and seven feet stroke; also a donkey-engine connecting with a steam-pump as a protection against fire. “ She was purchased by the Government in the spring of 1862; un- derwent some alterations, and made her first trip in April, 1862, arriving at Pittsburg Landing in the midst of the battle of Shiloh, loaded with a large supply of hospital stores for the purveyor at that point. “In the fall of 1862 she was completely fitted up, as shown in the model, with all the requirements of a general hospital, with a capacity of 400 beds. (See Fig. 1.) “ The medical officers consisted of one surgeon and three assistant surgeons, with the necessary attendants, nurses, cooks, &c. “ The Commanding-General, by order, arranged the running of all hospital steamers so that they could not be interfered with by the subordinate commanders, and once under way with their load of sick and wounded were not disturbed until their destination was reached. Our flag was considered a flag of truce, fully protected us, and gave us an opportunity of keeping the hospitals always in order. No persons were allowed passage on the steamers except those connected directly with the medical department of the army. “ To overcome the difficulty as to supplies, and the prompt payment of men employed on the boat, the ‘ surgeon-in-charge’ was made an ‘act- ing assistant quartermaster ’ and ‘ commissary of subsistence,’ and this arrangement worked most satisfactorily, and enabled the boat to be always in readiness to leave at a moment’s notice. U. S. HOSPITAL STEAMER D. A. JANUARY. BOILER DECK. MIDDLE DECK. CABIN FLOOR. UPPER DECK or TEXAS. Fig, I.—Deck Plans of the Hospital Steamboat D. A. Januaey. Scale, 54 feet to the inch. Boiler Deck.—A, Foot of the stairs. BB B, Space for wood and coal. C, Boilers. DD, Stores. E, Pastry-room. F, Kitchen. G, Carpenter's shop. H, Blacksmith shop. 11, Engines. J, Doctor. KK, Wheels. MM, Water-closets. NN, Deck. O, Space for beds. PP P, Ice-water stands. Middle Deck.—A A, Lower deck. BB B, Hatchways. C, Boilers. F F, Beds for patients; stairs to lower deck near the letters. GG, Stairs to upper deck. HH, Water-closets. 1111, Ice-water stands. JJ, Nurses’ quarters. LL, Stairs to lower deck. Cabin Floor.—A A, Lower deck. B, Office: main stairs by the letter. C C, Private rooms. EE, Texas stairs. FF, Steamboat smoke-stacks. GGG G, Stoves. I, Nurses’ dining-room. J, Kitchen. KK, Bath-rooms, with hot and cold water. L L, Steamboat wheels. M M, Water-closets. N, Private rooms. O, Drug-store. P, Surgery. Q, Linen-room. K, Looking-glass. SBS S, Ice-water stands. The parallelograms indicate the position of the beds. Upper Decks, or Texas.—A A, Lower deck. 88, Boof. OC, Cabin roof above the skylights. D D Smoke-stacks. E, Water-closet. F, Wash-room. GG, Wheels. H H H, Water-tanks. I, Captain’s room. J, Social hall. K, Texas dining-room. LL L, Booms for steamboat officers. M, Private room. 6 7 “ A large quantity of ice was carried in the hold of the vessel; this was taken advantage of by an arrangement of pipes to convey 4 ice water ’to the different parts of the hospital. A tank was placed on the upper deck forward, connected with the steam-pump, and kept con- stantly filled with water ; pipes from this ran down into the hold of the vessel to a coil embedded in the ice, whence the cold water made its way through pipes to the several parts of the boat where it was re- quired. This worked admirably, giving all hands plenty of ice water, and with great economy in the use of the ice. 44 A fan ran through the whole length of the main ward, worked by the machinery below ; it made about ninety revolutions a minute, and as the transom windows opened just above it at the sides, it created a pleasant current of air, and had besides another effect that was not taken in consideration at the time the fan was ordered, viz., that it drove out all flies and mosquitos. The fan is seen in the model, but the water-pipes could not be shown.” Assistant Surgeon A. H. Hoff, U. S. Army, then surgeon U. S. Volun- teers, was assigned to the command of this boat by order of Major- General Halleck, April 6,1862, and continued to render efficient service as the surgeon-in-charge until February, 1864, when he was succeeded by Surgeon Lewis C. Rice, IT. S. Volunteers, who continued in charge until the boat made her last trip and was turned over to the quarter- master at St. Louis, Missouri, September 25, 1865. During this period the boat made numerous trips from the rear of the western armies to St. Louis, Cincinnati, Mound City, Keokuk, and other points. Moreover, during the months of March, April, May, and June, 1863, she lay near Milliken’s Bend, Louisiana, and served as a floating hospital for the armies under General Grant. Altogether 23,738 patients were carried by her, of whom 530 died en route, as is shown by the following list of trips : Place and Date of Embabkation. Place and Date of Landing. Number carried. Died on the way. 1862. April 11.. April 18.. 1862. April 14 ., April 23.. 431 17 4 2S4 May 2 \ aUy’ nC > 300 39 May 10... May 14... 284 Total 1299 67 List of Trips of the Hospital Steamer D. A. January, 8 £) r& Place and Date of Embarkation. Place and Date of Landing. f| 5 03 Zo £ A 6 Brought forwarc 1299 67 Pittsburg Landing, Tenn 1862. June 9.... Jefferson Barracks, Mo 1862. June 12... 375 3 1 I )-459 Pittsburg Landing, Tenn June 19... -j Jefferson Barracks, Mo June 22... 3 June 23... J July 7 J ’ I 287 2 July 17... July 25... July 21... July 27... 317 10 298 144 Aug. 20... Aug. 23... Aug. 23... Aug. 23... Oct. 3 160 1 30 Sept. 29... Oct. 7 386 273 14 6 Stmr. T_ L. McGill, Colun bus, Ky. Oct. 10.... Oct. 12.... Oct 21 ... Oct. 15.... 372 Oct. 23.,.. 88 Oot. 30.... Nov. 18... Nov. 4 378 1 Nov. 21... 410 2 Nov. 30... 435 Dec. 16 ... 440 13 54 1863. Jan, 14 ... | Memphis, Tenn 1863. Jan.IS ( St. Louis, Mo Jan. 28.,.. r Served as receiving hospital at | 1 Milliken’s Bend, La., during<| j March.... April | Transferred to other hos- 1174 1460 736 46 79 19 55 16 2 tbe months of | i J 1195 Aug. 11... Aug. 27... Aug. 18... 378 387 Vicksburg, Miss Memphis, Tenn Aug. 31... Vicksburg, Miss Sept. 5.... Memphis, Tenn Sept. 8.... 377 9 Vicksburg, Miss Sept. 15... Memphis, Tenn Sept. 18.. 244 5 Sept. 29... Oct. 28.... Oct. 7 78 1 Cairo, 111 100 2 Nov. 25... Memphis, Tenn Nov. 23... Nov.27,28 Dec, 12.... 1345 3 Dec. 9 344 13401 411 - 9 Place and Date op Embabkation. Place and Date of Landing. U pO 0) Q'u AO d >> O e6 v o 13401 411 New Albany, Ind | 1864. Eeb. 11... 1864. Feb. 15 ... 97 Louisville, Ky j Mar. 18,19 March 19. 463 Louisville, Ky ] April 7.... April 8 ... 382 1 Jeffersonville, Ind J April 27... May 1, 2.. | May 8 [• 398 1 J 289 May 14 ... May 22 ... May 17... May 26... 239 120 June 21... June 22... > 498 June 22. Aug. 10... Aug. 22... Sept. 2 ... Sept. 19... Sept. 20... Aug. 16... Aug. 27... Sept. 9.... 345 6 309 1 332 > Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Sept. 24.. 229 4 ' Oct. 19,20 Oct. 12.,.. i u y, >407 21 (Jefferson Barracks, Mo Oct. 22 ... Mouth of the White river, Ark... Mouth of the White river, Ark... Nov 3 127 Nov. 10... Nov. 25... Dec. 1.... Dec. 19... 48 361 1 Dec. 5 416 2 Louisville, Ky I f Covington, Ky "1 1 . 1 Dec, 21 ... 545 Jeffesonville, Ind j I 1 (_Camp Dennison, Ohio J Louisville, Ky I Jeffersonville, Ind j Dec. 26... Cincinnati, Ohio 1 Covington, Ky j Dec. 27... 496 Louisville, Ky 1 1865. Jan. 5 Cairo, 111.,(for transfer to St. Louis.) 1865. Jan. 8 426 1 Jan. 27, to Feb, 4... Feb. 5 1 Feb. 8 > 373 30 Total 20301 483 10 Place and Date of Embarkation. Place and Date of Landing. Number carried. [ Died on 1 the way. j 20301 483 Eastport, Miss 1865. Feb. 12... 1 1865. Waterloo, Ala Jolmsonville, Teim Feb. 14... Feb. 14,., 1 New Albany, Ind J > 1 j Jeffersonville, Ind J Feb. 19... 318 5 Nashville, Term Feb. 16... J Mar 12-19 554 192 April 13.. Apr. 17-18 April 14.. April 24.. (Stmr. Eleanor Carroll at 1169 April 25.. May 15... May 25... y 1389 12 New Orleans, La May 18... j Mound City, 111 J 'I New Orleans, La Vicksburg, Miss ! May 31, June 2 June 5.... 1 i Memphis, Tenn < | Stmr. W. Butler at Cairo, IJQ1., for transfer to Nashville June 10... 1-560 J June 20... | Cairo 111 ) Baton Kouge, La June 21... | Jefferson Barracks, Mo J June 29 .. V 229 7 July 17... July 24... ) July 18... July 24... Aug. 3, 9 I. ’ V328 J Jefferson Barracks, Mo July 26... 'I | Cairo, 111 Aug. 16... Aug. 10... Aug. 12... [-439 11 j Jefferson Barracks, Mo J Aug. 18... New Orleans, La Aug. 26... Sept. 3 ... Aug. 27... Aug. 28... I > 259 1 | Jefferson Barracks, Mo J Sept. 4.... Total 23738 530 11 Model of the U. S. Army Hospital Steamship J. K. Barnes.—On the Atlantic coast a certain number of river steamboats were employed in the transportation of the sick and wounded, especially from the Army of the Potomac to Alexandria, Washington, D. C., and Baltimore. But it was also necessary to employ ocean transportation on a very consid- erable scale, and both in the conveyance of patients from the Army of the Potomac and from the various coast expeditions, the merchant steamships ordinarily used in the coastwise trade served for this pur- pose. Here, too, in times of emergency, the vessels chartered by the quartermaster’s department for the transportation of stores often served to transport the sick and wounded, but a number of vessels were also devoted exclusively to this service and were fitted up as hospital steam- ships. The model of the U. S. Army hospital steamship J. K. Barnes is intended to illustrate the mode of fitting up vessels of this class which was found most convenient. This model was constructed by Mr. Charles Hemje, of New York, under the supervision of Assistant Surgeon A. H. Hoff, U. S. Army, who also directed the original fitting up of the vessel. The model is seven feet long, being on a scale of three-eighths of an inch to the foot, and represents one lateral half of the vessel, the section being made longi- tudinally through the median line, thus permitting the display of the interior arrangement of bunks, &c. The U. S. Army hospital steamship J. K. Barnes was fitted up in New York city during the latter part of 1864, and on her completion Assistant Surgeon Thomas McMilliu, IT. S. A., was assigned as surgeon- in-charge, December 5, 1864. December 23d, the Barnes was ordered to report to the Medical Director of the Department of the South, at Hilton Head, S. C., where she took her first load of sick on board January 1, 1865. The Barnes was 223 feet in length, beam 35 feet 2 inches, depth of hold 22 feet 9 inches. She was of 1,253 tons burthen. Diameter of cylinder 60 inches, stroke of piston 10 feet. In fitting her up, an orlop deck was introduced, and a mess-room was built on the forward deck, in front of the galley. The arrangement of bunks, &c., is shown in Figure 2. Assistant-Surgeon Thomas McMillin, U. S. A., continued to act as surgeon-in-charge of this vessel until November, 1865. During this time 3,655 patients were carried, of whom 29 died en route. The fol- lowing is a list of the trips ; SPAR DECK. GUN DECK. ORLOP DECK. Fig. 2.—Deck-plan op the U. S. Army Hospital Steamship J. K. Barnes. Scale, 38% feet to the inch. S'/tar Deck.—a, Forecastle. &, Table, cc, Hatches, dd d. Mess tables and mess-room, ee. Pantries g, Officers’ mess, h. Galley, i, Ice-honse. k k k k k, Quarters of medical officers, 11, Linen-roomi to, Saloon, nn. Wine-room and office, o, Table, qq, Heaters, r, Bath-room and water-closet, ss- Water-closets, tt, Guard-room. Ward A, 1,2, 3, 72 bunks. Gun Deck.—a, Commissary store-room. &. Engine, cc, Hatches, ddd d d, Ventilators, ee, Wash- tables. //, Water-closets, gg, Closets, hhhh. Steam heaters. Ward B (forward), 1, 2, 3, 4 5, 0,7, 138 bunks. Ward C (midships), 1, 2, 3, 4, 42 bunks. Ward D (aft), 1, 2, 3, 63 bunks. Orlop Deck.—ffi, Quarters for nurses. 6, Knapsack-room, c, Baggage-room, d, Ventilator. Ward E 1, 2, 3, 48 bunks. 12 13 List of Trips of the Hospital Steamer J. K. Barnes 1 Fort Schuyler, McDougall Mar. 19... 320 1 “ (Stnirs. Spaulding & Atlantic.) u 15. 1 ) G. H.,N. Y. Wilmington and Moreliead City, April 5 ... David’s Island, De Camp G. Ainil 11.. 439 6 N. C. H., N. Y. [David’s Island, De Camp"') i G. H., N. Y., Willett’s | { Point, Grant G H., N. Beaufort, Newberne, and More- Apr.24,25 April 28.. 449 2 j bead City, N. C. | Y., Fort Schuyler, Me- i [ Dougall G. H., N. Y J May 11... May 23 ... 385 Savannah, Ga., Hilton Head, S C May 19 ... 375 1 217 July 8.... Aug. 5 July 16... 25 Key West, Fla Barrancas and Fort Pickens, Fla. “ 10 | “ 12 i 1 Beaufort, S. C “ 16 1 [David’s Island, De Camp) ( G. H., N. Y. f Aug. 23... 345 5 Hilton Head, 8. C “ 17 Charleston, S. C “ 19 Morehead City and Newberne, “ 21 N. C. J Sept. 19... “ 26... ( David’s Island, De Camp ) Oct. 1 338 6 j Or. H., N. Y J | Hilton Head, S C “ 27... j New Orleans, Da Oct. 23 ... "j “ 25 ... j “ 27 ... [David’s Island, De Camp) j G. H.,N. Y / “ 30 ... Nov. 4.,., 198 4 Hilton Head, 8 C “ 31 ... Nov. 2 j 3655 29 1