BOSTON MEDICAL POLICE. 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
OF THE 
BOSTON MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
BOSTON: 
PRESS OF J. H. EASTBURN. 
18 30. BOSTON MEDICAL POLICE. At a meeting of the Boston Medical Association, held at 
Vila’s on thefrst Wednesday in March, 1808. 
The Committee of the preceding year, having, in conformity 
tvith their instructions, reported on a code of Medical Police, 
which was read and accepted by sections; 
It was voted, That the Report of the Committee be recom- 
mitted, with instructions to print five hundred copies of the 
same, and that they present to each member of the Associa- 
tion three copies of the Report, and distribute the remaining 
copies to such other physicians of the state as they may think 
proper. 
Voted likewise, That the thanks of the Association be 
presented to the Committee for their judicious and useful 
Report. 
J. GORHAM, Secretary. BOSTON MEDICAL. POLICE. 
THE Standing Committee of the Association of Boston 
Physicians for the year, commencing on the first Wednes- 
day of March, 1807, having been instructed to propose a 
code of Medical Police, to be submitted to the considera- 
tion of the Association at their next annual meeting, beg 
leave to report:— 
1. That having examined the different publications of 
Gregory, Rush and Percival upon this subject, they first se- 
lected from them such articles, as seemed most applicable 
to the circumstances of the profession in this place. 
2. That with these articles as a ground work, they have 
proceeded to form a short system of police, containing gen- 
eral principles for the government of this Association, by mak- 
ing such alterations, or additions to them, as they thought 
necessary for rendering them both practicable and useful. 
3. That they have added such new articles, as they judged 6 
conducive to the general views of this Association, and adapt- 
ed to the particular situation of medical practice in America. 
The result of which is submitted in the form following : 
CONSULTATIONS. 
Consultations should be encouraged in difficult and pro- 
tracted cases, as they give rise to confidence, energy, and 
more enlarged views in practice. On such occasions, no ri- 
valship or jealousy should be indulged ; candour, justice and 
all due respect should be exercised towards the physician who 
first attended : and as he may be presumed to be best ac- 
quainted with the patient and his family, he should deliver all 
the medical directions as agreed upon. It should be the pro- 
vince, however, of the senior consulting physician to propose 
the necessary questions to the sick. 
The consulting physician is never to visit without the attend- 
ing one, unless by the desire of the latter, or when, as in sud- 
den emergency, he is not to be found. No discussion of the 
case should take place before the patient or his friends; and 
no prognostications should be delivered, which were not the 
result of previous deliberation and concurrence. Theoretical 
debates, indeed, should generally be avoided in consultation, 
as occasioning perplexity and loss of time ; for there may be 
much diversity of opinion on speculative points, with perfect 
agreement on those modes of practice, which are founded, not 
on hypothesis, but on experience and observation. Physi- 
cians in consultation, whatever may be their private resent- 
ments or opinions of one another, should divest themselves of 
all partialities, and think of nothing but what will most effectu- 
ally contribute to the relief of those under their care. 7 
If a physician cannot lay his hand to his heart and say, that 
his mind is perfectly open to conviction, from whatever quarter 
it may come, he should in honor decline the consultation. 
All discussions and debates in consultations, are to be held 
secret and confidential. 
Many advantages may arise from two consulting together, 
who are men of candour, and have mutual confidence in each 
other’s honour. A remedy may occur to one, which did not 
to another ; and a physician may want resolution or a confi- 
dence in his own opinion, to prescribe a powerful, but precari- 
ous remedy, on which, however, the life of his patient may de- 
pend ; in this case, a concurrent opinion may fix his own. 
But when such mutual confidence is wanting, a consultation 
had better be declined, especially if there is reason to believe, 
that sentiments delivered with openness, are to be communi" 
cated abroad, or to the family concerned ; and if, in conse- 
quence of this, either gentleman is to be made responsible for 
the event. 
The utmost punctuality should be observed in consultation 
visits ; and to avoid loss of time, it will be expedient to estab- 
lish the space of fifteen minutes, as an allowance for delay, 
after which the meeting might be considered as postponed for 
a new appointment. 
INTERFERENCES. 
Medicine is a liberal profession ; the practitioners are, or 
ought to be, men of education ; and their expectations of busi- 
ness and employment should be founded on their degrees of 
qualification, not on artifice and insinuation. A certain unde- 
finable species of assiduities and attentions, therefore, to fami- 8 
lies usually employing another, is to be considered as beneath 
the dignity of a regular practitioner, and as making a mere 
trade of a learned profession ; and all officious interferences in 
cases of sickness in such families, evince a meanness of dispo- 
sition, unbecoming the character of a physician or a gentle- 
man. No meddling inquiries should be made concerning 
them, nor hints given relative to their nature and treatment, 
nor any selfish conduct pursued, that may, directly or indirect- 
ly, tend to weaken confidence in the physicians or surgeons, 
who have the care of them. 
When a physician is called to a patient, who has been under 
the care of another gentleman of the faculty, before any exami- 
nation of the case, he should ascertain, whether that gentleman 
understands that the patient is no longer under his care ; and 
unless this be the case, the second physician is not to assume 
the charge of the patient, nor to give his advice, (excepting in 
instances of sudden attacks) without a regular consultation ; 
and if such previously attending gentleman has been dismissed, 
or has voluntarily relinquished the patient, his practice should 
be treated with candour, and justified so far as probity and 
truth will permit; for the want of success in the primary treat- 
ment of the disorder, is no impeachment of professional skill 
and knowledge. 
It frequently happens, that a physician, in incidental commu- 
nications with the patients of others, or with their friends, may 
have their cases stated to him in so direct a manner, as not to 
admit of his declining to pay attention to them. Under such 
circumstances, his observations should be delivered wfith the 
most delicate propriety and reserve. He should not interfere 
in the curative plans pursued; and should even recommend a 
steady adherence to them, if they appear to merit approba- 
tion. 9 
DIFFERENCES OF PHYSICIANS. 
The differences of physicians, when they end in appeals to 
the public, generally hurt the contending parties; but, what is 
of more consequence, they discredit the profession, and ex- 
pose the faculty itself to contempt and ridicule. Whenever 
such differences occur, as may affect the honor and dignity of 
the profession, and cannot immediately be terminated, or do 
not come under the character of violation of the special rules 
of the Association otherwise provided for, they should be re- 
ferred to the arbitration of a sufficient number of members of 
the Association, according to the nature of the dispute; but, 
neither the subject matter of such references, nor the adjudi- 
cation, should, if it can be avoided, be communicated to the 
public, as they may be personally injurious to the individuals 
concerned, and can hardly fail to hurt the general credit of 
the faculty. 
DISCOURAGEMENT OF QUACKERY. 
The use of quack medicines should be discouraged by the 
faculty, as disgraceful to the profession, injurious to health, and 
often destructive even of life. No physician or surgeon, there- 
fore, should dispense a secret nostrum, whether it be his in- 
vention or exclusive property ; for if it is of real efficacy, the 
concealment of it is inconsistent with beneficence and profession- 
al liberality ; and, if mystery alone give it value and importance, 
such craft implies either disgraceful ignorance, or fraudulent 
avarice. 10 
CONDUCT FOR THE SUPPORT OF THE MEDICAL 
CHARACTER. 
The esprit du corps is a principle of action, founded in 
human nature, and, when duly regulated, is both rational and 
laudable. Every man, who enters into a fraternity, engages, 
by a tacit compact, not only to submit to the laws, but to pro- 
mote the honor and interest of the association, so far as they 
are consistent with morality and the general good of mankind. 
A physician, therefore, should cautiously guard against what- 
ever may injure the general respectability of the profession, 
and should avoid all contumelious representations of the facul- 
ty at large, all general charges against their selfishness or im- 
probity, or the indulgence of an affected or jocular scepticism, 
concerning the efficacy and utility of the healing art. 
FEES. 
General rules are adopted by the faculty in every town, re- 
lative to the pecuniary acknowledgements of their patients j 
and it should be deemed a point of honor to adhere to them ; 
and every deviation from, or evasion of these rules, should be 
considered as meriting the indignation and contempt of the 
fraternity. 
Gratuitous services to the poor are by no means prohibited ; 
the characteristical beneficence of the profession is inconsis- 
tent with sordid views and avaricious rapacity. The poor of 
every description should be the objects of our peculiar care. 
Dr. Boerhaave used to say, they were his best patients, because 
God was their paymaster. 
Jt is obvious also, that an average fee, as suited to the general 
rank of patients, must be an inadequate compensation from the 
rich, (who often require attendance not absolutely necessary) 11 
and yet too large to be expected from that class of citizens 
who would feel a reluctance in calling for assistance, without 
making some decent and satisfactory remuneration. 
EXEMPTION FROM CHARGES. 
The clergymen of the towns, and all members of the medi- 
cal profession within it, together with their families, should be 
attended gratuitously ; but visits should not be obtruded offi- 
ciously, as such civility may give rise to embarrassments, or 
interfere with that choice on which confidence depends. 
But distant members of the faculty, when they request atten- 
dance, should be expected at least to defray the charges of 
travelling ; and such of the clergy from abroad, as are quali- 
fied by their fortunes or incomes, to make a reasonable remune- 
ration for medical attendance, are not more privileged than any 
other order of patients. 
Omission to charge, on account of the wealthy circumstan- 
ces of the physician, is an injury to the profession, as it is de- 
frauding, in a degree, the common funds, for its support, when 
fees are dispensed with which might justly be claimed. 
VICARIOUS OFFICES. 
Whenever a physician officiates for another by his desire, in 
consequence of sickness or absence, if for a short time only, 
the attendance should be performed gratuitously as to the 
physician, and with the utmost delicacy towards the profession- 
al character of the gentleman previously connected with the 
patient. 12 
SENIORITY. 
A regular and academical education furnishes the only pre- 
sumptive evidence of professional ability, and is so honorable and 
beneficial, that it gives a just claim to pre-eminence among 
physicians at large, in proportion to the degree in which it may 
be enjoyed and improved. Nevertheless, as industry and 
talents may furnish exceptions to this general rule, and this 
method may be liable to difficulties, in the application, seniority 
among practitioners of this town, should be determined by the 
period of public and acknowledged practice as a physician or 
surgeon in the same. This arrangement being clear and ob- 
vious, is adapted to remove all grounds of dispute among med- 
ical gentlemen : and it secures the regular continuance of the 
established order of precedency, which might otherwise be 
subject to troublesome interruptions, by new settlers,perhaps not 
long stationary in the place. 
JOHN WARREN. 
LEMUEL HAYWARD. 
JOHN FLEET. RULES AND REGULATIONS 
/ 
OF THE 
BOSTON MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. At a special meeting of the Members of the Boston Medical As- 
sociation, holden at the Massachusetts Medical College, April, 1830. 
It was voted, That Dr’s. Warren, Bigelow and McKean, be a Com- 
mittee to revise the Rules and Regulations of the Association, and report 
at the next annual meeting. 
At the annual meeting holden at the Exchange Coffee-House, May 
1830, 
The Committee reported ; and 
It was voted, That the report be recommitted and printed ; and the 
further consideration thereof referred to an adjourned meeting to be held 
on the second Wednesday of June. 
At the adjourned meeting holden at the Massachusetts Medical Col- 
lege, June 1830. 
The Committee reported ; and 
It was voted, That their report be accepted, and that the Secretary 
be directed to have printed, the Rules and Regulations of the Association, 
as amended together with the Medical Police, and a List of Members. 
Attest, 
WINSLOW LEWIS, Jr. Secretary. RULES AND REGULATIONS. 
I. There shall be a stated meeting of the “BOSTON 
MEDICAL ASSOCIATION ” on the first Monday in May, 
annually. 
II. At every stated meeting, there shall first be chosen a 
chairman to preside at the same ; and then there shall be 
chosen by ballot a Secretary and a Standing Committee of five 
members, who shall continue in office until the next stated 
meeting, and until others are elected in their room. 
III. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to keep a record 
of the proceedings of the Association, and those of the Stand- 
ing Committee, whose meetings he shall attend for this purpose 
and to perform such other services as are pointed out in other 
regulations. 
IV. It shall be the duty of the Standing Committee to at- 
tend to and decide on all matters, which regard the honor or 
interest of the Association, especially to act upon all infringe- 
ments of its regulations, which may come to their knowledge, 
and to call special meetings of the Association, when they judge 
proper. In all cases, there may be an appeal from the judge- 16 
merit of the Standing Committee to the Association. This 
Committee shall fill any vacancy in their own body, or in the 
office of Secretary, which may occur by death or resignation, 
until the next stated meeting of the Association. 
V. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to call a special 
meeting of the Association, whenever directed so to do by the 
Standing Committee, and likewise whenever seven members of 
the Association request him in writing so to do. In the cases 
of both stated and special meetings, he shall send a notification, 
printed or written, to each member, one week at least before 
the day of meeting, and shall advertise the same, during the 
week preceeding the meeting, twice in two news-papers printed 
in the town. 
VI. No member of this Association shall consult with, or 
voluntarily meet in a professional way, or aid or abet any 
practitioner resident in this town, who is not a member of this 
Association. 
VII. If any member becomes acquainted with the conduct 
of another member, which be considers as a breach of the 
rules and regulations of the Association, it shall be his duty to 
make the same known to the Standing Committee, who shall in- 
quire into the case, and decide upon the same as they may 
think proper. 
VIII. If a Physician be called to a patient who has usually 
been attended by another physician, on account of the urgency 
of the case or the absence of the regular physician ; he shall 
before leaving, direct that the latter be sent for to continue the 
attendance, if necessary ; and in no case shall he continue his 
visits, unless he receive subsequent notice from the patient, that 
his continued attendance is desired. 17 
IX. When a physician, engaged to attend a case of midwife- 
ry; is absent, and a second delivers the patient, the second 
shall receive the fee, and relinquish the patient to the first. If 
the first arrive while the second is present, and before the pa- 
tient is delivered, the second shall resign the patient to the 
first. 
X. The members of this Association shall charge for their 
professional services the fees in the following table, subject 
however, to the several rules contained in this code relative to 
the same. 
For a visit, $1 50 
For a visit and first consultation, 5 00 
For a visit and each subsequent do 3 00 
For a visit on board a vessel in the stream, above Fort In- 
dependence, 5 00 
For a visit on board a vessel off or below do 10 00 
For a visit out of town, for every mile from the centre of 
Boston, 1 50 
For a visit out of town in consultation, the fee as above 
for a visit and consultation, with the addition for every 
mile except the first, of 1 50 
In like manner, for every other service, when out of 
town, the fee for the service shall first be charged, and 
for every mile excepting the first, 1 50 
For a visit and passing catheter, 5 00 
For a visit and passing catheter, when frequently repeat- 
ed, and for that purpose only, 1 50 
For a visit and prescribing and performing venesection, . 3 00 
For a visit and performing venesection only, without ad- 
vice 1 50 
For a visit and extracting a tooth, 1 50 
For a visit and dressing only, 1 50 
For venesection, extracting a tooth, or dressing, at the 
surgeon’s house, 1 00 
For prescription and venesection at do 2 00 
For rising in the night* and visit, 8 00 
For rising in the night and visit in consultation, .... 10 00 
For rising in the night and advice at the physician’s house, 3 00 
For advice at the physician’s house, according to the im- 
portance of the case and the time occupied, . 1 00 to 10 00 
For a letter of advice, 5 00 
For an opinion involving a question of law, in which a 
physician may be subpcened, . . 5 00 18 
For a post-mortem examination, in a case of legal investi- 
gation, . . 5 00 
For a case of gonorrhsea, 10 00 
For a case of syphilis, 15 00 
For a case of midwifery in the day time.f 15 00 
if any part of the attendance is in the night, .... 20 00 
For capital operations, such as amputations of large limbs, 
lithotomy, trepanning and extirpation of large tumours, 40 00 
For the operation for fistula in ano, 20 00 
For tapping for dropsy, and for reducing luxations or frac- 
tures of large bones, 10 00 
For amputations of fingers or toes, and for excision of 
small tumours, 8 00 
For reducing luxations or fractures of small bones, for 
stitching recent wounds, opening large abscesses, and 
similar operations, 5 00 
For v accine inoculation, . . . , 5 00 
For cupping, 3 00 
XI. The foregoing table is designed to state the regular 
fees, which shall be charged for the services, to which they are 
respectively annexed ; and they are the lowest fees, which the 
members of this Association shall demand, with the exceptions 
mentioned in the following regulations. And in all cases of ex- 
traordinary detention or attendance, also in proportion to the 
importance of the case and of the responsibility attached to 
it, and to the service rendered, where these are extraordinary, 
the charges shall be increased according to the judgement of 
the practitioner concerned ; and the duty to make such increase 
in the charges, shall be considered obligatory on the members 
of this Association. 
XII. It shall be considered proper, but not obligatory, to 
* The night, in this table, is considered as beginning at 11 o’clock, 
P. M. and ending at 5 o’clock, A. M. or at sunrise, when that is later 
than 6 o’clock, A. M. 
t Whenever it is necessary to make more than three visits to women 
after delivery, all additional visits shall be charged as in ordinary cases. 
N. B. In all the cases stated in the table, following that of midwifery, 
a visit is implied, yet the charge should be the same if performed at the 
practitioner’s house. 19 
charge from two to five dollars for a first visit in every case. 
Likewise, all visits made at a late hour in the evening shall be 
considered as extraordinary attendance, and may be charged 
accordingly. 
XIII. If, in any case of midwifery, a second physician is 
called in consultation, both the attending and consulting physi- 
cian shall charge at least the usual fee for delivery ; except 
that, where the consulting physician in such a case pays only a 
consultation visit, and is not detained in attendance on the case, 
he may charge the fee for a consultation visit. In common 
cases of consultation the attending physician may charge a lar- 
ger fee than for ordinary visits, provided that he does not 
charge more than the usual fee for consultation. 
XIV. In cases of midwifery, when the child is born, but 
not the placenta before the arrival of the accoucheur, the whole 
fee is to be charged. When both the child and placenta are 
born before the arrival of the accoucheur, half or the whole fee 
is to be charged according to the circumstances. This rule 
is not to be applied to cases, where the delay arises from the 
accoucheur. 
XV. It is not designed by these regulations to prevent the 
members of this Association from rendering their services gia- 
tuitously to persons, who are incapable of remunerating them 
without distressing themselves or their families ; but, in such 
cases, the whole services must be gratuitous, as by charging 
fees for some of the services and not for all, it is obvious that 
the intention of the fee-table would be effectually frustrated. 
In any case, where the physician believes that his patient can- 
not afford to pay the regular fees, and is yet able to make some 
compensation, the following deductions may be made, \iz. 
three dollars on the fee for rising in the night; three dollars on 
the fee for a case of midwifery in the day time, and jive dollars 20 
on the fee for the same service in the night; three dollars on 
the fee for vaccination; and one third on the fees for all 
other services, excepting only cases of gonorrhaea and syphilis, 
from which no deduction shall be made. These deductions 
may be made either in the original charges, or on making 
out the account, at the pleasure of the practitioner; but they 
are not to be made after presenting an account, except where 
the practitioner learns, after presenting an account, that the 
pecuniary circumstancess of his patient are not so good as he 
had believed them to be. 
XVI. No member of this Association shall omit charging 
any necessary visits made on the same day, on account of 
their number. 
XVII. No member of this Association shall make a previ- 
ous contract with any family for a definite sum, as a remunera- 
tion for his annual attendance on that family. 
XVIII. Those physicians of the adjoining towns, who are 
members of the Massachusetts Medical Society, or have been 
by it, shall be requested to conform in their charges to 
the fee-bill of this Association, whenever they attend patients in 
this town. 
XIX. When the circumstances permit, every physician 
shall present his account immediately after his attendance in a 
fit of sickness. This shall be particularly attended to in cases 
of midwifciy. In ordinary cases of attendance in families, an 
account shall be presented every January; and it shall be an 
invariable custom to endeavonr to settle all accounts in that 
month, or at least annually. 
XX. Printed blanks may be used of the following form : 
Mr. to Dr. 
For Medical Attendance on 21 
XXI. The regulations of the Association shall be offered 
for subscription to all candidates for medical practice in this 
town, who have received a medical degree at Harvard Univer- 
sity, or are Fellows of the Massachusetts Medical Society, or 
have received letters testimonial of approbation or of license 
from the Censors of said society ; and the Secretary shall be 
charged with the execution of this regulation, with which he 
shall comply, in every instance, so soon as he shall learn that 
any candidate of the above description may have established 
himself in this town; or in case the Secretary has doubts, in 
any instance, respecting the propriety of offering the articles to 
any candidate above described, he shall call on the Standing 
Committee for advice and direction; and in case any person, to 
whom he offers the regulations, shall refuse or neglect to sign 
the same, the Secretary shall make known such refusal or ne- 
glect to the Standing Committee. 
XXII. Every candidate, at the time of becoming a member 
of the Association, shall sign the following obligation, which 
shall be in a book deposited with the Secretary : 
The undersigned approve of the Regidations of the Boston 
Medical dissociation, and agree upon their honor to comply ivith 
the same. 
It shall also be his duty to transmit a circular note signed by 
the Secretary, to every member, informing them of his admis- 
sion ; and he is not to be entitled to the rights and privileges of 
the Association until this has been done. For these Circulars 
he shall pay One dollar, to the Secretary. 
XXIII. The members of this Association, after arriving at 
the age of sixty, shall be exempted from all assessments; but 
in other particulars shall be governed by the rules and regula- 
tions of this Association. 
XXIV. The Secretary shall pay all expenses of this Asso- 22 
ciation, and once in a year at least, and oftener when any con- 
siderable expense has been incurred, he shall assess the amount 
due to him upon the members of the Association, equally, with 
the exception stated in the 23d rule. He shall employ at the 
expense of the members, a person to collect the assessments; 
and if any member refuses or neglects to pay his assessment, his 
connexion with the Association shall thereupon cease, and the 
Secretary shall inform the members of the same by a circular 
note ; and the assessment left unpaid shall become a charge 
against the Association. 
XXV. The Secretary’s records and accounts shall be sub- 
ject to examination by the Standing Committee, and by the 
Association, when they judge proper. 
XXVI. All resignations of members shall be made in writ- 
ing to the Secretary, who shall immediately lay them before 
the Standing Committee, who shall either notify each member, 
or call a meeting of the Association, as they may think proper. 
XXVII. No rule or regulation of this Association shall be 
altered, amended or repealed, nor any additional regulation 
adopted at any meeting, unless the proposed alteration or 
amendment, has first been referred to a Committee, who shall 
report on the same, at a subsequent meeting, which shall be 
held at a time not less than one month from the time of the 
appointment of the Committee. And no amendment or addi- 
tional regulation shall be adopted except by a vote of three- 
fourths of the members present. MEMBERS 
OF THE 
Boston JRctrfcal Usscciatfow. 
FROM ITS FORMATION IN 1806, TO JULY 1830. 
1806. 
ORIGINAL MEMBERS. 
*James Lloyd. 
*Samuel Danforth. 
*Isaac Rand. 
*John Jeffries. 
* Charles Jarvis. 
Hayward. 
*David Townsend. 
*Thomas Kast. 
*John Warren. 
*Thomas Welsh. 
*-j-JAaron Dexter. 
William Spooner. 
*John Fleet, jr. 
*Isaac Rand, jr. 
William Ingalls. 
*Thomas Danforth. 
*Asa Bullard. 
*John G. Coffin. 
JJacob Gates. 
John Dixwell. 
James Jackson. 
Benjamin ShurtlefF. 
*John C. Howard. 
John C. Warren. 
fCyrus Perkins. 
*Horace Bean. 
*William Gamage. 
John Randall. 
*John Gorham. 
j-Thomas I. Parker 
1807. 
*Samuel R. Trevett. 
1808. 
George C. Shattuck. 
* Daniel Newcomb. 
JGeorge Bates. 
1809. 
John B. Brown. 
fBenjamin James. 
*Joshua Thomas. 
1810 
Walter Channing. 
fNathaniel Bemis. 
Jacob Bigelow. 24 
f Auguste Lemosy. 
-{-Joseph Lovell, 
f Daniel Cook. 
1812. 
Erving. 
f John Revere. 
*Peter St. Medard. 
*Elisha Clap. 
1813. 
*Benjamin Read. 
George Hayward. 
1814. 
*f Oliver Prescott. 
George Parkman. 
Amos Farnsworth. 
*John Gardner. 
*fEzekiel D. Cushing. 
*Nathaniel Lovell. 
fLa Fayette Perkins. 
1815. 
*Asa Bucknam. 
-{-Andrew Foster. 
Theodore Dexter. 
Bradford. 
James Mann. 
Abner Phelps. 
1816. 
f Pliny Hayes. 
-{•Josiah Batchelder. 
JSamuel Clarke. 
JEdward H. Robbins. 
Zabdiel B. Adams. 
Solomon D. Townsend. 
1817. 
fBenjamin Austin, Jr. 
*Joseph Bossuet. 
John Ware, 
f Peter G. Robbins. 
David Osgood. 
fNathaniel Niles. 
Samuel A. Shurtleff. 
*Samuel Hemmenway. 
Enoch Hale. 
1818. 
Samuel Adams. 
Edward Reynolds, jr. 
f JJohn W. Webster. 
Thomas Pratt, jr. 
f f John Bartlett. 
1819. 
Woodbridge Strong. 
j-William Sweetser. 
John Jeffries, jr. 
Thomas W. Parsons. 
-f-Frederick A. Parker, 
f Jesse Smith. 
Bradford. 
Josiah F. Flagg. 
fShelometh S. Whipple. 
1820. 
j-John Locke. 
George B. Doane. 
Chandler Robbins, jr. 
fGeorge Russel. 
John P. Spooner. 
-{-John D. Wells. 
1821. 
Caleb H. Snow, 
f Joseph Osgood. 
1823. 
*f JDaniel Ingalls. Jr. 
Jerome V. C. Smith. 25 
George W. Otis, jr. 
Edwin Adams. 
*Warren Abbott. 
1824. 
Samuel Morrill. 
fErastus H. Bartlett. 
■{•William B. Duggen. 
*Moses Gage. 
Winslow Lewis, jr. 
f Augustus Plympton, 
Joshua H. Hayward. 
1825. 
*Thomas O. Folsom. 
*William H. Bass. 
Hezekiah Eldredge. 
Charles T. Hildreth. 
D. Humphreys Storer. 
Joshua B. Flint. 
Horatio Robinson. 
■{•James M. Whittemore. 
1826. 
•{•Theodore Kittredge. 
Charles W. Winship. 
J. Greely Stevenson. 
John Flint. 
-{•John C. Hayden. 
fRalf Farnsworth. 
Jonas H. Lane. 
Joseph Palmer. 
Edward G. Davis. 
Joseph W. McKean. 
Martin Gay. 
1827. 
Alexander Thomas. 
4 
John D. Fisher. 
Nathan C. Keep. 
Frederick A. Sumner, jr. 
f Francis Shurtleff. 
fHenry S. Wade. 
John B. Stebbins. 
Walker Booth. 
1828. 
Joseph Clark. 
Charles Choate, 
f Benjamin Lincoln. 
John O. Fay. 
William Grigg. 
f Philip I. Dumaresq. 
George Stearns. 
Charles Walker. 
Benjamin T. Prescott. 
Charles G. Greene. 
John H. Richards. 
Nathaniel Peabody. 
j-John A. Bulfinch. 
fCharles H. Stedman. 
f Giles H. Lodge. 
Francis J. Iligginson. 
John C. Howard. 
1829. 
j-Charles T. Jackson. 
Daniel T. Coit. 
•{-Nathaniel B. Shaler. 
Thomas Gray. Jr. 
f John Jackson. 
John Homans. 
D. H. Gregg 
Edward Davenport. 26 
llenry Dyer. 
1830. 
Daniel Harwood.' 
Augustus A. Gould. 
Calvin Ellis. 
Marshall S. Perry. 
Abraham A. Watson. 
Thomas H. Thompson. 
* Dead. 
t Lelft town. 
t Relinquished Practice.