* * *'*£teticS a* ■ >***xS3SSSt '^CtwSgJP £&^£u$S8 W*&: ■?<' ^ ■fr^.^V/, ^r^- gBP - £;«*»5j SWra^noi'^ $o£^ ffiSttSIS W$s£t£ r/'^ti^.ur *<£ W8, )ia3w do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3nidiq3w do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3nidio3w do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3noiq3w do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiQ: i?\S5mm IONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATION/ I 3NDI03W ^^^— ( jo Aavaan Aa * VNOjILVM 3HLJOAW3d0>W TIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATION/ iDiadw do Aavaan ivnoiivn SNiDiasw do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3nidici3w do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3nidio3 TIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE " NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATION/ iDiasw do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3NIDI03W do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiosw do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiosw do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3Nioiaa % A/ - TIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATION/ iDiasw do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3nidioe TIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATION Diasw do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3nidiq3w do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiosw do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3nidio3w do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3nidiq iONHl iSRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATION VNOIIVN 3NOIQ3W dO Aavaan IVNOIIVN 3NIDIQ3W dO Aavaan IVNOIIVN 3NIDIQ3W dO ' ! JR |. /LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBR > do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3nidiq3w do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3nidio3w jo Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do / LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBR/ ' Vk ' ^ l: y do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3nidiq3w do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do / ^ . LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBR/ s v do Aavaan ivnoiivn 3nidiqsw do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do / z. cr NE L LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBR/ ,, w do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do ; kL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBR/ w do Aavaan ivnoiivn snioiosw do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiqsw do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiosw do Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiosw do I / L LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBR, ^n^X i /NS^\ *. rt^S-/' X £ / Y§&^ * r^S&Y X PHARMACY " and PHARMACOLOGY MEDLARS Indexing Instructions U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service National Institutes of Health National Library of Medicine PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY MEDLARS Indexing Instructions by Thelma Charen :mii;.i :: :)ii i h. Index Section BSD 1969 Z- t>1S.° 19^9 NATIONAL LIB/MOT OF IWEDICiMfc ^ BU.'iioM 14, MD. - PREFACE Since so much active research in medicine today is devoted to drugs, their pharmacology and therapeutic use, it is natural then, in turn, that much of the lit- erature indexed in INDEX MEDICUS be devoted to journals from the fields of pharmacy, pharmacology and drug ther- apy, with an important offshoot, the field of toxicology. Because of the widespread interest in drugs and their effects, we have compiled this brochure entitled PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: INDEXING INSTRUCTIONS. Its purpose is to give MEDLARS Analysts hints' on approaches to the index- ing and retrieval of articles in the aforementioned fields. This indexing guide is intended primarily for the use of MEDLARS Analysts at the National Library of Medicine and at MEDLARS and Indexing Centers. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface ........................... i Scope of Pharmacology ............. 1 Indexing Policy ................... 4 Geographic Headings ............... 8 Provisional Headings.............. 10 Check Tags ........................ 11 Subheadings....................... 13 Injurious Effects of Drugs ........ 21 References and Tools .............. 23 Appendix I: Subcategory B6 ....... 26 Appendix II: MeSH Headings 1969 ... 32 Appendix III: Category D ......... 46 Appendix IV: NIM Headings ........ 48 Appendix V: Indexing Instructions.. 50 Appendix VI: Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Journals ........ 61 - ii- PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY INDEXING INSTRUCTIONS Scope of Pharmacology If one thinks of pharmacology as the study of drugs in the broadest sense, it can be said to be divided, then, into pharmacognosy, pharmacy, pharm- acodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics and toxicology. To a MEDLARS Analyst the field would be arrayed thus: PHARMACOLOGY PHARMACOGNOSY PHARMACY *pharmacodynamics DRUG THERAPY TOXICOLOGY Before we enter into the details of indexing in- structions for this field, we should define the sub- divisions of pharmacology to show the MEDLARS Analyst the professional and intellectual scope of each. A brief reference will document each definition; the detailed bibliographical reference will be found in the section of this brochure entitled "Reference and Tools." Pharmacology will be understood to be the sum of all "knowledge of the history, source, physical and chemical properties, compounding, biochemical and phys- iological effects, mechanisms of action, absorption distribution, biotransformation and excretion, and ther- apeutic and other uses of drugs" (Goodman & Gilman). - 1 - Pharmacognosy is etymologically from the Greek for "the knowledge of drugs": pharmaco for drugs and gnosis for knowing, the same gnosis as in dia- gnosis and pro-gnosis. Pharmacognosy "deals with the origin, structure and chemical composition of crude drugs. The obsolescent title 'Materia Medica1 includes also the action and uses, now generally called 'Pharmacology1" (Sollmann). A broader definition speaks of it as the "science which treats of the history, production, commerce, collection, selection, identification, valuation, preservation and use of drugs and other economic mat- erials of plant and animal origin" (Youngken). An- other textbook of pharmacognosy extends the concept of "crude drug" to minerals too (Wallis). The word "pharmacognosy" itself is little used in American literature. In the 1968 CUMULATED INDEX MEDICUS of only 12 entries under PHARMACOGNOSY, 11 were foreign; the root "pharmacognos-" appeared in eight of these foreign titles. Pharmacy is the "preparing, compounding and dis- pensing of medicines" (Goodman & Gilman). Pharmacodynamics is "the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action... the absorption, distribution, biotrans- formation and excretion of drugs" (Goodman & Gilman). Pharmacotherapeutics is "the use of drugs in the prevention and treatment of disease" (Goodman & Gilman). Toxicology "is the science of the noxious effects of drugs. It is concerned not only with drugs used in therapy but also with the many other chemicals that may be responsible for household, environmental, or indus- trial intoxication" (Goodman & Gilman). - 2 - The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act defines drugs as "(1) articles recognized in the official United States Pharmacopeia, official Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States, or official National Formulary, or any supplement to any of them; and (2) articles in- tended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals; and (3) articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals; and (4) articles intended for use as a component of any articles specified in clause (1), (2), or (3); but does not include devices or their components, parts, or accessories." The MEDLARS Analyst will accept the term "drug" as defined above, of course, but will as usual broaden "drug" to be used interchangeably with the word "chem- ical" and, in fact, both "drug" and "chemical" will be used loosely to relate to all Category D terms. Pharmaceutics as a specialty is a synonym for the word "pharmacy"; as a substance (or, as the excerpt above says, article), it will be considered a synonym for "drug" as defined above. The instructions in this brochure will deal pre- dominantly with pharmacy and hints on the indexing approach to this field. Pharmacology will be handled in its broadest sense as the field and as it overlaps pharmacy. Its interpretation as pharmacodynamics will be handled here only in passing. - 3 - INDEXING POLICY In the field of pharmacy, all the usual patterns of indexing under MEDLARS will obtain. In this field as in all others, the analyst will adhere to the policy of indexing both for publication in INDEX MEDICUS (IM) and for storage in the MEDLARS computer for retrieval upon demand (NIM or non-INDEX MEDICUS). Too, the in- dexer will follow the principle of depth and non-depth indexing as outlined in the MEDLARS Indexing Manual. Obviously there is no need to repeat here what is in the Indexing Manual regarding the indexing of drugs and chemicals. All specific details concerning index- ing principles for Category D (Chemicals and Drugs) are found in the MEDLARS Indexing Manual in sections 18.1 through 18.35. Instructions on headings from other categories of interest to pharmacy, pharmacol- ogy and toxicology are given throughout the manual. These instructions can be found by merely looking up the term in the index to the manual and following through as instructed. We shall give below a brief summary of indexing the literature of pharmacy and pharmacology in the most general terms. 1. Index a drug or chemical as specifically as possible, using the term as given in MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH) . 2. If a drug or chemical is not in MeSH, index under a chemical heading which applies, making it IM (i.e., indicate it for publication in INDEX MEDICUS) and also whenever possible under a function group (ANTIHYPERTENSIVES; ANALGESICS AND ANTIPYRETICS; TRANQUILIZING AGENTS; etc. - drugs with a designed action) as discussed in the article. Make this also IM. Use the same subheading for both. - 4 - 3. If a drug is a compound related to a MeSH term, or a homolog of a MeSH term or a simulant or a derivative, index under the MeSH term provided it is a plural chemical (PHENOTHIAZINES; AZOLES; SULFONAMIDES). 4. If a drug is a homolog, derivative, simulant or related compound of a MeSH term but the MeSH head- ing is not a plural chemical or a group name, submit the article for indexing to the Chemical Indexer who will determine the correct MeSH head- ing under which the article is to be indexed. 5. Index drugs and chemicals as IM and technics for determining their structure or presence in other substances or in biological matter as NIM (i.e., non-INDEX MEDICUS or indicated for storage in the computer for future retrieval). 6. Index drugs and chemicals as IM but technics for studying them or administering them experimentally or therapeutically as NIM. 7. See pages 35-40 for a list of MeSH technics and methods which are almost always NIM when a specific drug or chemical is IM. 8. If a technic for studying, analyzing or administer- ing a drug or chemical is specific to that drug, make it NIM, whether or not the technic is stated in the title of the article. 9. If, however, the author states that the technic is new or if the author states and the analyst feels that it has a wide application beyond the specific chemical the author is writing about, the analyst may make the technic IM. This is not usual. 10. Index the chemistry or chemical structure of a drug under the name of the drug without a subhead- ing (IM) and the coordinate CHEMISTRY (NIM). - 5 - See Appendix IV for specific CHEMISTRY coor- dinates which are almost always NIM. 12. Index the in vitro chemical interaction of one drug with another under the name of each drug or chemical without a subheading, making each IM. Coordinate with CHEMISTRY (NIM) . 13. Index the synthesis of one drug from another (see the definition of *chem synthesis on page 16) under the name of the drug being synthesized with the subheading *chem synthesis (IM) and the name of the drug from which it is being syn- thesized without a subheading (IM or NIM depend- ing upon the point of the article). Synthesis of quinolines from aromatic amines: QUINOLINES *chem synthesis (IM) AMINES (IM) 14. Index the isolation of one drug from another under the name of the drug being isolated, with the subheading *isolation & purification (IM) and the drug from which it is being isolated without a subheading (IM). Isolation of cholesterol from lanolin: CHOLESTEROL *isolation & & purification (IM) LANOLIN (IM) 15. When indexing simple compounds for which the in- dexer must use two or more MeSH headings to show a coordination, index each with the same subhead- ing, but make the pharmacologically active head- ing IM and the inactive one, NIM. See the Index- ing Manual 18.33. 16. When indexing a drug with the subheading *admini- stration & dosage, always try to specif^ as an NIM coordinate a MeSH heading to cover the type - 6 - of administration or the type of dose. Intramuscular injection of penicillin: PENICILLIN *administration & dosage (IM) INJECTIONS, INTRAMUSCULAR (NIM) 17. Assume that all administration of drugs is oral UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED. 18. For the injurious effects of drugs or chemicals, consider the three subheading qualifiers, *ad- verse effects, *poisoning and ^toxicity, following closely the MeSH restrictions in the definitions (see page 21-22). 19. There is a main heading ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE (G3) as a Provisional Heading for 1968 and 1969. Use this as defined by MeSH in cases where the above three subheadings do not apply within the restrictions of the MeSH definitions. See page 22. 20. When indexing a chemical to induce a physiological condition or a disease state deliberately under experimental conditions, index the name of the drug or chemical without a subheading. This has been introduced as policy since the deliberate induction of an injurious effect does not fit the definition of *adverse effects, ^poisoning or *toxicity. See the Indexing Manual 18.18 and 18.18.1. 21. Index known anesthetics used to induce anesthesia under the name of the anesthetic without a sub- heading (Indexing Manual 18.27). Always try to specify the specific type of anesthesia. Halothane anesthesia: HALOTHANE (IM) ANESTHESIA, INHALATION (IM) - 7 - GEOGRAPHIC HEADINGS Tend to use the MeSH Geographic Headings to locate the legislative, economic, educational, social, professional and related concepts in the field of pharmacy and pharmacology. It is important to MEDLARS users that articles on drug legislation in France, for example, be re- trieved specifically in a computer search on LEGIS- LATION, DRUG associated with FRANCE. A user want- ing this information may not want to receive in- formation on drug legislation in our country. To index or search under only LEGISLATION, DRUG does a user a disservice. Similarly, if the user wants information on legislation only in this country, he does not want French legislation. Indexing or searching on only LEGISLATION, DRUG will give the user the French as well as American legislation, and so waste his time. Using the correct Geographic Heading in the indexing operation, will enable the search to re- trieve or reject at will specific geographic areas. The following headings in MeSH in the field of pharmacy will be those for which the geographic loca- tion should be specified in indexing. Although there may be other headings to be used with good sense by the indexers, the following garner much material to which the identity of the country is pertinent. - 8 - Pharmacy Headings to be Used with MeSH Geographic Headings CATALOGS, DRUG CHEMICAL INDUSTRY COMMUNITY PHARMACY SERVICE DICTIONARIES, CHEMICAL DICTIONARIES, PHARMACEUTIC DIRECTORIES DISPENSATORIES DRUG AND NARCOTIC CONTROL DRUG INDUSTRY DRUG UTILIZATION (Prov) EDUCATION, PHARMACY EDUCATION, PHARMACY, CONTINUING EDUCATION, PHARMACY, GRADUATE ETHICS, PHARMACY FEES, PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULARIES FORMULARIES, DENTAL FORMULARIES, HOMEOPATHIC FORMULARIES, HOSPITAL HOSPITAL PHARMACY SERVICE INSURANCE, PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES LEGISLATION, DRUG LEGISLATION, PHARMACY LICENSURE, PHARMACY PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES PHARMACIES PHARMACISTS PHARMACY PHARMACY ADMINISTRATION PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS COMMITTEE PHARMACOPEIAS PHARMACOPEIAS, HOMEOPATHIC SCHOOLS, PHARMACY SOCIETIES, PHARMACEUTICAL STUDENTS, PHARMACY - 9 - PROVISIONAL HEADINGS A Provisional Heading in MEDLARS is a main subject heading which enters the system each year after the annual publication of MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH) each January. It appears usually as a new term or a new concept needed immediately for indexing and for storage within the computer until the publication of the next annual MeSH. From the time it enters the computer until the imminent publication of MeSH, a computer count is kept on a Provisional Heading. Upon analysis of its use in indexing, a decision is made to elevate it to the status of a main heading In the forthcoming MeSH or to retain it for further use and further analysis later. Provisional Headings serve two extremely useful purposes: (1) they give exact access to a store of large volume terms less easily scanned without the specificity of a Provisional, and (2) they furnish a fine source of new main headings for each ensuing year. Each year the indexers and searchers are supplied with about 500 Provisional Headings for that year. Of these, more than half are drug and chemical terms. For this reason, many Provisional Headings are available for indexing the drug literature and should be freely used by MEDLARS personnel. Except for their designation as Provisional (as such they do not appear in the printed INDEX MEDICUS) they are subject to all indexing rules and are to be treated as any other MeSH heading. Each is assigned to a proper category and each may be paired with the subheadings available to that category. In the arrays given on pages 32-45, the Provis- ional Headings are indicated (Prov). - 10 - CHECK TAGS 1. IN VITRO The effect of a drug on the liver can be studied in two ways: (1) by administering the drug to man or animal, then taking a sample of liver tissue and examining it in vitro or (2) by taking a sample of human or animal tissue, administering the drug to it in vitro and then examining it. Under MEDLARS, (1) is NOT checked IN VITRO but (2) is. To state it differently, in (1) the action of the drug took place in vivo while in (2) the action of the drug took place in vitro. It is this difference that MEDLARS puts to work in separating for retrieval the routine obvious in vitro studies from deliberately performed and non- routine in vitro studies. Checking the tag IN VITRO tells the MEDLARS Search Analyst that the research was performed under the conditions illustrated in (2) above. A detailed exposition of IN VITRO is given in the Indexing Manual 11.15-11.15.5. Many articles in pharmacy and pharmaceutical journals will discuss chemical processes taking place in test tubes or verified in test tubes. Do NOT use IN VITRO for these. Many articles from pharmacology journals will be on the effect of a drug or chemical on organs or organ- isms. Use IN VITRO only under the conditions of (2) above. Do NOT check IN VITRO for articles on chemistry, chemical structure, chemical reactions, chemical syn- thesis, chemical analysis or quantitative or quali- tative chemical determinations. - 11 - 2. CLINICAL RESEARCH Under MEDLARS the term "clinical research" has a restricted definition: the article must be on research done under highly controlled conditions with a dis- tinct pre-arranged research design. It does not refer to research done on humans as opposed to animals, nor does it refer to research on patients as opposed to healthy volunteers. Most articles correctly checked CLINICAL RESEARCH will concern research on drugs performed under strict medical control to test the therapeutic value in a specific disease. Double-blind studies or triple-blind studies should be examined closely, for they are usually correctly check-tagged as CLINICAL RESEARCH. The use of PLACEBOS in a study should be examined closely, for articles involving these are usually cor- rectly tagged CLINICAL RESEARCH. More information on this tag is found in the In- dexing Manual 11.18-11.18.5. 3. COMPARATIVE STUDY A quotation from the Indexing Manual (11.19.1) best defines the use of this check tag: "This check tag must be used to make available for retrieval articles comparing two or more therapeutic or diag- nostic procedures, or two or more determinative technics." Do NOT tag COMPARATIVE STUDY for a comparison of the effects of a single drug on two or more organs or two or more organisms. Check COMPARATIVE STUDY for the comparison of two or more drugs on a single organ or organism. - 12 - SUBHEADINGS Category D The subheadings in this section are those of particular interest to MEDLARS Analysts handling the literature of pharmacy, pharmacology and toxi- cology. They are presented in various arrangements. Below is an alphabetical list of MEDLARS sub- headings available for indexing and searching terms found in Category D - Chemicals and Drugs. For the definitions see either MEDICAL SUBJECTS HEADINGS, January 1969, pages VII-IX or the MEDLARS INDEXING MANUAL 1969, Sections 12.4.1 through 12.4.60. Ap- plications of these subheadings will be found through' out the Indexing Manual. Administration & dosage ^adverse effects *analysis Antagonists & inhibitors *biosynthesis *blood •^cerebrospinal fluid *chem synthesis Classification *diagnostic use *history *isolation & purification *metabolism ^pharmacodynamics *physiology *poisoning *radiation effects *secretion *standards *supply & distribution ^therapeutic use *toxicity *urine Next follows an arrangement showing the subheadings in various relationships in discrete areas. It is to be used in this way: if the MEDLARS Analyst is con- sidering a given subheading in the field of pharmacy or pharmacology or toxicology, he can locate it below in relation to others which suggest possibly greater spec- ificity. The official subheadings are preceded as usual by an asterisk ( * ); words in parentheses are typed to facilitate a grouping. - 13 - Category D Subheading Relationships Analysis (in) *blood (in) Cerebrospinal fluid (in) *urine *isolation & purification *radiation effects Atandards *pharmacodynamics Administration & dosage Antagonists & inhibitors (injurious effects) Adverse effects *poisoning Aoxicity *physiology *metabolism *biosynthesis (in) *blood (in) Cerebrospinal fluid (in) *urine Aecretion *therapeutic use Administration & dosage Atandards (other) Ahem synthesis Classification Aiagnostic use Aistory Aupply & distribution - 14 - Instructions on the use of the various subhead- ings pertinent to pharmacy and pharmacology follow. As said above, the definitions are not given here since they appear in both MeSH and the Indexing Manual. Nor are all of them covered here since each is better discussed in the manual. You will find here no deviations from policy but only cautions and reminders on the usual use of the common ones. Administration & dosage Interpret this as "administration OR dosage." Use it in reference to the form of the dose and the amount of the medication as well as in ref- erence to the route, the frequency or the dura- tion of the administration. When using this subheading, tend to make NIM the specific type of administration in the form of the many available MeSH dosage and administra- tion headings. Assume that all administration is ORAL (for there is no MeSH term to cover this) unless otherwise specified. Analysis This is for articles discussing the identi- fication or quantitative determination of a sub- stance in an organ or organism. If the author Is discussing the qualitative or quantitative determination of a substance or its presence in the blood, urine or cerebrospinal fluid, index instead under each of these directly as *blood, Crine or Cerebrospinal fluid. - 15 - Analysis must refer to the determination of the drug or chemical in an organ or organism, or to its presence there. It does NOT mean the chemical structure of a drug, nor does it mean its chemistry. To index the chemistry of a drug, index under the name of the drug without a sub- heading (IM) and coordinate with CHEMISTRY (NIM). Chem synthesis Note that the subheading Chemical synthesis is modified in daily use to Chem synthesis. This is done to distinguish it from the subheading Chemically induced (used with names of diseases) internally within the computer which at present distinguishes among subheadings for purposes of alphabetization only within the first eight letters of any subheading. 123456781 Chemicallly induced Chemical! s ynthesis would be indistinguishable. Chem synthesis may be used for articles on the chemical synthesis of drugs or chemicals on any level, i.e., the synthesis may take place in a test tube or on a large industrial scale. Take care to distinguish Chem synthesis from Aiosynthesis in that in using Aiosynthesis, be certain that living (bio-) matter is involved. For example, the synthesis of penillin by Penicil- lium is indexed PENICILLIN Aiosynthesis; the syn- thesis of penicillin in Italian factories is in- dexed PENICILLIN Chem synthesis. - 16 - Aiagnostic use This is a little-used subheading although the concept "diagnostic use" may refer to the use of the drug or chemical either in the diag- nosis of a disease or in performing studies of clinical function of an organ or system. An article on bromsulphalein in liver func- tion tests is indexed under SULFOBROMOPHTHALEIN Aiagnostic use (IM) and LIVER FUNCTION TESTS (IM). When using radioisotopes as tracers in meta- bolic studies, do not use the subheading Aiag- nostic use with the name of the isotope: index without a subheading and do not coordinate with RADIOMETRY. See the Indexing Manual 18.23.3.1 and 18.23.4. *isolation & purification Interpret this as "isolation OR purification." It may apply to one substance being separated from another, usually in vitro, or for the preparation of purified constituents of a substance. *metabolism This is for articles on the absorption, dis- tribution, biotransformation and excretion of drugs and chemicals. If the article discusses the metabolism and ultimate appearance of the drug or its metabolites in the blood, urine or cerebrospinal fluid, index this with a specific subheading Alood, Crine or Cerebrospinal fluid, and not with Aietabolism. Alood, Arine and Cerebrospinal fluid are to be used to cover the metabolic processes into the blood or the metabolic processes taking place in the blood and not exclusively to cover the mere presence of a substance in the blood. - 17 - *pharmacodynamics Loosely speaking, this can be used practi- cally any time an author speaks of the "effects" of a drug in or on a living organism. In MEDLARS at this time it is not restricted to the mechan- ism of action of a drug: it may apply to any eff- ect of a drug on the structure, physiological process, metabolic process, etc., of an organ or organism. Naturally it will be used for articles on mechanism of action. Do not index under *pharmacodynamics, how- ever, the in vitro effect or reaction of one drug with another. This is indexed under the name of each drug (IM) and the coordinate CHEMISTRY (NIM). *physiology The emphasis of the MeSH definition of *physi- ology as used with Category D terms is on "biochem- ical substances ENDOGENOUSLY produced, for the physiologic role of the substance." This means that an article on the effect of insulin injections must be viewed as INSULIN *pharmacodynamics since the insulin is being ad- ministered from the outside. On the other hand, an article on the effect or role of insulin in the control of blood sugar is viewed as INSULIN *physiology because - one will find upon reading the article - the insulin is being discussed as endogenous and as exerting a physiological role within the body. An indexer can never use this subheading in reference to any substance not found naturally in the body (by that we mean in the sense that a hormone or enzyme or blood protein is found nat- urally in the body). - 18 - *radiation effects Drugs are studied by subjecting them to various types of radiation to learn the effect of the irradiation on the chemistry or pharma- codynamics of a specific drug. This may be done in vitro or in vivo. The effect of radiations on a drug or a chemical is indexed, generally, under the name of the drug with the subheading Aadiation effects (IM) , RADIATION EFFECTS (IM) and the specific type of radiation (IM) . See the Indexing Manual 18.32, 18.32.1 and 18.32.2. If the article is on the chemical effects of irradiating the drug or on the chemistry of the drug after irradiation, index under the name of the drug with the subheading Aadiation effects (IM), RADIATION EFFECTS (IM), the specific type of radiation (IM) and RADIOCHEMISTRY (NIM). Aecretion Use this for the act or mechanism of secre- tion of a substance by an organ or organism. Here the emphasis of the secretion is on an ENDOGENOUS substance being secreted: the discharge of a drug administered from outside the body and then secreted during the metabolic processes within the body is NOT to be handled by Aecretion, for it was not endogenously produced. Here *metabolism is the correct. Compare this with the cautions regarding *physiology above. This subheading as well as *physiology and detabolism will be used more in indexing the lit- erature of metabolic and endocrine diseases than in indexing pharmacy and pharmacology literature. The MEDLARS Analyst, however, should be acquainted or reminded here of the restrictions in all areas. - 19 - *therapeutic use This may be used to cover the actual treat- ment of a disease or its prevention. The treat- ment or prevention of diseases in both humans and animals applies.Too it may be used for the treat- ment of diseases induced in experimental animals as well as for animal diseases occurring naturally If the emphasis of the therapeutic use is on the administration of the drug, bypass this sub- heading and use Administration & dosage instead. If the article is on both the therapeutic use but also on the administration, index under both but make the point of the article IM. Classification Aistory Atandards Aupply & distribution Atilization These are all useful breakdowns of articles on drugs but are not required as frequently in indexing as the others above. They should be used freely as required. Except for Alassification, the remaining four should always be used in relation to a Geographic Heading, if possible and if applicable, for better retrieval. Atandards may refer to standards in Identi- fying drugs, standards in their quality, standards in their potency and standards in their manufact- uring . - 20 - Injurious Effects of Drugs and Chemicals There are restrictions in the use of the three available subheadings for the injurious effects of drugs or chemicals built into the subheadings by the MeSH definitions. It is good to discuss them here from the standpoint of the cautionary instruc* tions. The quotations are from the MeSH definitions. Adverse effects The restriction in regard to Adverse ef- fects lies in the MeSH words "for unintended or undesirable reactions occurring at doses normally used..." This means that the article must be discussing the adverse effects of a drug or chem- ical given THERAPEUTICALLY at normal doses. *poisoning Here the author generally leaves no question of degree to the analyst: he generally used the word "poisoning" (in foreign literature, "intox- ication") in discussing the injurious effects of the drug or chemical. MeSH gives latitude in applying the term "poisoning" as used by the author since it states that *poisoning may be used "for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, homicidal, by self medi- cation, by medication error, or by environmental exposure." Aoxicity In this definition, an analyst will rely usually on the fact that most articles are on the experimental study of the toxic effects and that the emphasis of the study is usually on _ 21 . "the margin of safety or the reactions accom- panying administration at various dose levels." When a drug or a chemical is administered delib- erately to induce a disease state, index under the name of the drug or chemical WITHOUT a subheading (Indexing Manual 18.18 and 18.18.1). This is indexed without a subheading since in such experiments the injurious effect of the given drug is usually known to the experimenter, and there- fore this cannot fit properly into the MeSH defini- tion of Aoxicity where the study is on the not-as- yet-known toxic effects. Moreover, since the in- jurious effect of said drug was not the result of therapeutic use, it cannot meet the requirements of Adverse effects as defined. The fact that a subheading is not used with the drug does not affect the use of Chemically induced with the name of the disease (Indexing Manual 16.32, 16.32.1 et passim). ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE (G3) , a 1969 Provisional Heading, is available as an excellent coordinate with drug terms when an injurious effect is a result of environmental exposure to the substance. The surroundings need not be exclusively industrial. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE can cover the harmful effects which cannot correctly meet the MeSH definition of Adverse effects, *poisoning or Aoxicity. When *poisoning or Aoxicity - by the MeSH defin- ition - is used and when the injurious effect of the chemical is a result of environmental exposure, index under both the drug term with the proper injurious- effect subheading and coordinate for more specific delineation under ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE (NIM). - 22 . REFERENCES AND TOOLS As in all indexing, the best reference is the article itself and the word of the author. Obtain from the article the maximum amount of information to be described in terms of MEDICAL SUBJECT HEAD- INGS. The following is a list of additional useful reference works for the indexing of pharmacy and pharmacology. 1. American Drug Index. Ed. by C.O. Wilson & T. E. Jones. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1967 2. American Hospital Formulary Service. Washington, American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1959 (with supplements to date) 3. Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 7th ed. Ed. by A. & E. Rose. New York, Reinhold, 1966 4. Desktop Analysis Tool; a special compilation of information from the common data base. Publ. by Chemical Abstracts Service for the Food and Drug Administration, the National Library of Medicine and the National Science Foundation. 1967 5. Drill's Pharmacology in Medicine. 3d ed. Ed. by J. R. DiPalma. New York, Blakiston, 1965 6. Gehes Codex der pharmazeutischen Spezialpraparate 9th ed. Stuttgart, Wissenschaftliche Verlags- gesellschaft, 1960 with supplement 1964 7. Goodman, L. S. & Gilman, A. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 3d ed. New York, Macmillan, 1965 - 23 - Grollman, A. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1965 Husa's Pharmaceutical Dispensing. 6th ed. Ed. by E.W. Martin. Easton, Pa., Mack, 1966 Jablonski, S. Russian Drug Index. Bethesda, National Library of Medicine, 1967 Jones, L. M. Veterinary Pharmacology and Thera- peutics. 3d ed. Ames, Iowa State University Press, 1965 MEDLARS Indexing: Integrated Authority File. Chemi- cal Section. Bethesda, National Library of Medicine, 1968. Merck Index: an Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs. 8th ed. Rahway, N.J., Merck, 1968 Modern Drug Encyclopedia and Therapeutic Index. 10th ed. & supplements. Ed. by R.S. Goodhart. New York,Donnelley, 1965. Suspended publ. 1967 National Formulary. 12th ed. with addenda. Wash- ington, American Pharmaceutical Association, 1965 New Drugs evaluated by the A.M.A. Council on Drugs. Chicago, American Medical Association, 1966 Organisch-Chemische Arzneimittel und Ihre Synonyma. Berlin DDR, Akademie-Verlag, 1966 Pharmacological and Chemical Synonyms. 4th ed. Comp. by E.E.J. Marler. New York, Excerpta Medica, 1967 Pharmacopeia of the United States of America. 17th rev. & supplements. Easton, Pa., Mack, 1965 Physicians' Desk Reference to Pharmaceutical Spec- ialties and Biologicals. 21st ed. Oradell, N.J., Medical Economics, 1966 - 24 - Prescription Pharmacy. Ed. by J.B. Sprowls Jr. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1963 Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 13th ed. Easton, Pa., Mack, 1965 Sollmann, T. A Manual of Pharmacology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1957 Trease, G.E. & Evans, W.C. A Textbook of Pharma- cognosy. 9th ed. London, Bailliere, Tindall & Cassell, 1966 United States Adopted Names (USAN). No. 5 (1961- 1966) New York, U.S. Pharmacopeia1 Convention, 1967 United States Dispensatory and Physicians' Pharm- acology. 2d ed. Ed. by A. Osol, R. Pratt & M. Altschule. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1967 Unlisted Drugs. Chatham, N.J., Special Libraries Association. Monthly publication. Van Lenten, E.J. MEDLARS Classification of Steroids. Bethesda, National Library of Medicine, 1968 Wallis, T.E. Textbook of Pharmacognosy. 5th ed. London, Churchill, 1967 Youngken, H.W. Textbook of Pharmacognosy. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Blakiston, 1948. - 25 - APPENDIX I Subcategory B6 (Mosses, Ferns and Higher Plants) Many of the terms in the B6 subcategory of MeSH are of interest to pharmacists and to those indexing pharmacy literature, although most of the headings are of historical character rather than of pressing immediacy. The arrays below are useful in showing the MeSH coverage of many plants appearing In the literature devoted to pharmacognosy and especially in the liter- ature of foreign countries leaning heavily on the use of medicinal plants in their therapeutic or pharm- acal armamentarium. A few botanical terms which are useful in indexing pharmacy are found in Category J (Technology, Commerce and Industry) . They are included below with the B6 terms but are marked (J). Several groupings are given below. An additional one is given in the 1969 MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS: TREE STRUCTURES where the arrangement of the specifics in Subcategory B6 divides them into HERBS or TREES. This grouping is not reproduced here. A potpourri of notes on specific terms follows at the end. - 26 - Arrangement by plant structure: PLANTS FRUIT (J) NUTS (J) POLLEN SEEDS WOOD (J) Arrangement by plant taxonomy: PLANTS GRASSES HERBS TREES Arrangement by use: PLANTS PUNTS, EDIBLE CASSAVA CEREALS (J) CORN GRAIN MALT (J) RICE WHEAT FRUIT (J) CITRUS FRUITS (J) GRAPES (J) NUTS (J) CACAO COCONUT (J) PEANUTS (J) RHUBARB VEGETABLES (J) SOY BEANS (J) PLANTS, MEDICINAL HERBS TREES - 27 - Plants of commercial importance: ALFALFA COFFEE ARECA COTTON CACAO PAPAVER CANNABIS RUBBER (J) CASSAVA TEA CINCHONA TOBACCO COCA CONDIMENTS (J) or spices: CLOVE GARLIC MUSTARD THYME PLANTS, MEDICINAL ACACIA ADONIS AESCULUS ALOE ASPIDIUM BELLADONNA CAJEPUT CAPSICUM CASTANEA CHELIDONIUM CHENOPODIUM COLCHICUM COLOCYNTH CONVALLARIA CRATAEGUS CUBEB DIGITALIS ECHINACEA ERYTHRINA EUCALYPTUS EUPATORIUM EUPHRASIA FERULA FRANGULA GELSEMIUM GENTIAN GERANIUM GINSENG GLYCYRRHIZA HELIANTHUS HYDRASTIS IPECAC JUNIPER LITHOSPERMUM LOBELIA MANDRAGORA MARRUBIUM MYRICA NUX VOMICA (D2) OLEANDER PODOPHYLLUM POLYGONUM PSYLLIUM PYRETHRUM RAUWOLFIA RHUBARB RHUS RICINUS ROSA SALIX SARSAPARILLA SEDUM SENECIO SENNA SPHAGNUM SQUILL STRAMONIUM TAMARIND UVA URSI VALERIAN VERATRUM VISCUM - 28 - NOTES AESCULUS This is the horse chestnut. ARECA This is betel nut. ASPIDIUM This is the plant called male fern. CACAO Index chocolate here. CACAO will be used for the cacao plant or products from it, such as cocoa and chocolate. If chocolate candy, index under both CACAO and CANDY. CANNABIS This is hemp. Index under CANNABIS for both the plant and the hashish from it. CAPSICUM This is pepper. CASTANEA This is chestnut. CEREALS Index under CEREALS the plant itself or the seeds of the plant used as food, whether in the natural state or com- mercially processed. MeSH, however, gives several specific cereal terms. CINCHONA This is the source of quinine. COFFEE Index both the beverage and the coffee plant here. CONVALLARIA This is the lily-of-the-valley. CORN Index both the plant and the food here. COTTON Index both the plant and the textile here. CRATAEGUS This is the hawthorn. - 29 - DIGITALIS FERULA FRUIT GARLIC GELSEMIUM GLYCYRRHIZA GRAIN HELIANTHUS HERBS IPECAC MARRUBIUM MUSTARD MYRICA PAPAVER Index only the plant here: the alkaloids from the plant are in- dexed under DIGITALIS GLYCOSIDES. This is asafetida ("fetid gum"). Botanically the fruit of a plant is a matured ovary while the seed is a matured ovule. Index both the plant and the condi- ment here. This Is jasmine. Index both the plant and licorice as candy, flavoring or medicament here. This is defined by Webster as "the seed or fruit resembling seed of any cereal grass (as wheat, oats, rice, millet)." This is the sunflower. This is defined by Webster as "a seed-producing plant that does not develop persistent woody tissue but dies down at the end of a growing season." Index both the plant and the drug here. This is horehound. Index both the plant and the condiment here. This is bayberry. Do not confuse with Myristica which gives us nutmeg and mace. Index only the plant here; index opium under OPIUM. - 30 - PODOPHYLLUM This is mandrake. RAUWOLFIA Index both the plant and its alkaloids here but see MeSH for headings for specific alkaloids. RHUBARB Index both the plant and the prepared dish here. RHUS This is for various species of both ivy and sumac. RICE Index both the plant and rice as food here. RICINUS Index only the castor plant here. Castor oil is indexed as CASTOR OIL. RUBBER Index both the plant and the elastic substances here. SALIX This is the willow. TEA Index both the plant and the beverage here. VERATRUM This is hellebore. VISCUM This is mistletoe. - 31 - APPENDIX II MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS 1969 The pages that follow give the 1969 MeSH coverage in the fields of pharmacy, pharma- cology and toxicology. The headings are grouped into more or less natural subject blocks under these rubrics: 1. Pharmaceutical Sciences 2. Pharmacy Education 3. Pharmacy Practice 4. Pharmaceutical Services 5. Drug Information Sources 6. Pharmaceutical Technology 7. Analytical Chemistry 8. Physical Chemistry 9. Chemistry and Chemical Reactions 10. Miscellaneous Substances of Interest to Pharmacy 11. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics 12. Drug Interactions 13. Drug Therapy 14. Toxicology 1. Pharmaceutical Sciences PHARMACOLOGY DRUG THERAPY HERBALISM HOMEOPATHY PHARMACOGNOSY HERBALISM PHARMACY CHEMISTRY, PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY, PHARMACEUTICAL TOXICOLOGY - 32 - 2. Pharmacy Education All terms below are found in Category I. EDUCATION, PHARMACY EDUCATION, PHARMACY, CONTINUING EDUCATION, PHARMACY, GRADUATE SCHOOLS, PHARMACY FACULTY, PHARMACY STUDENTS, PHARMACY 3. Pharmacy Practice Except for PHARMACY (E5,G2), all terms below are found in Category N. PHARMACY PHARMACISTS PHARMACIES DRUG UTILIZATION (Prov) ETHICS, PHARMACY FEES, PHARMACEUTICAL INSURANCE, PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES LEGISLATION, DRUG LEGISLATION, PHARMACY DRUG AND NARCOTIC CONTROL LICENSURE, PHARMACY PHARMACY ADMINISTRATION PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS COMMITTEE SOCIETIES, PHARMACEUTICAL UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION - 33 - 4. Pharmaceutical Services All terms below are in Category N. PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES COMMUNITY PHARMACY SERVICE HOSPITAL PHARMACY SERVICE INSURANCE, PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES 5. Drug Information Sources All terms below are in Category L, CATALOGS, DRUG DICTIONARIES, CHEMICAL DICTIONARIES, PHARMACEUTIC DIRECTORIES DISPENSATORIES FORMULARIES FORMULARIES, DENTAL FORMULARIES, HOMEOPATHIC FORMULARIES, HOSPITAL PHARMACOPOEIAS PHARMACOPOEIAS, HOMEOPATHIC - 34 - 6. Pharmaceutical Technology The terms below come from Categories D, E and J, with the exception of DRUG ADULTERATION (G3). To improve legibility, the category numbers are not given with this large grouping. Use the alpha- betical MeSH to obtain the category number for coordination with correct subheadings. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY DRUG INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY, PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS (and types of administration) AEROSOLS CAPSULES DELAYED-ACTION PREPARATIONS TABLETS, ENTERIC-COATED EMULSIONS ENEMA GELS INFUSIONS, PARENTERAL INHALATION THERAPY INJECTIONS INJECTIONS. INTRA-ARTERIAL INJECTIONS INJECTIONS INJECTIONS INJECTIONS INJECTIONS INJECTIONS INJECTIONS INJECTIONS IONTOPHORESIS LINIMENTS OINTMENTS PERFUSION ISOLATION PERFUSION POWDERS SOLUTIONS HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONS INTRA-ARTICULAR INTRADERMAL INTRALYMPHATIC (Prov) INTRAMUSCULAR INTRAPERITONEAL INTRATHECAL INTRAVENOUS SUBCUTANEOUS - 35 - SUPPOSITORIES SUSPENSIONS TABLETS TABLETS, ENTERIC-COATED DRUG ADULTERATION DRUG COMPOUNDING PHARMACEUTIC AIDS FLAVORING AGENTS SWEETENING AGENTS VANILLIN POWDERS KAOLIN STARCH TALC VEHICLES COLLODION LANOLIN MINERAL OIL DRUG LABELING DRUG STABILITY DRUG STORAGE EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES DISPOSABLE EQUIPMENT DRUG CONTAINERS AND CLOSURES FILTERS (Materials) CELLOPHANE CERAMICS (Prov) GLASS PAPER RUBBER SYRINGES THERMOMETERS WEIGHTS AND MEASURES - 36 - 7. Analytical Chemistry The terms below come predominantly from Category H (Physical Sciences). Those coming from Subcategory E5 are so marked and one, INDICATORS AND REAGENTS, comes from Subcategory D13. CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL ACTIVATION ANALYSIS AUTOANALYSIS (E) BIOLOGICAL ASSAY (E) CALORIMETRY CENTRIFUGATION (E) ULTRACENTRIFUGATION CENTRIFUGATION, DENSITY GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION, ZONAL CHROMATOGRAPHY CHROMATOGRAPHY, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY, PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY, THIN LAYER GEL FILTRATION COLORIMETRY CONDUCTOMETRY COUNTERCURRENT DISTRIBUTION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY X-RAY DIFFRACTION DIALYSIS ELECTROPHORESIS ELECTROPHORESIS, DISK (Prov) INDICATORS AND REAGENTS (D) DYES ACRIDINES AZO COMPOUNDS CONGO RED DIMETHYLAMINOAZOBENZENE TRYPAN BLUE FLUORESCENT DYES FLUORESCEIN INDOCYANINE GREEN PHENOLPHTHALEINS SULFOBROMOPHTHALEIN - 37 - ROSANILINE DYES GENTIAN VIOLET METHYLENE BLUE ROSE BENGAL TETRAZOLIUM SALTS GUAIAC PHLOROGLYCINOL MANOMETRY (E) MICROCHEMISTRY MICROSCOPY (E) MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY, INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPY, PHASE CONTRAST PHOTOMICROGRAPHY MICROSCOPY, POLARIZATION MICROSCOPY, X-RAY MICROMANIPULATION MICRORADIOGRAPHY PHOTOMICROGRAPHY OSCILLOMETRY (E) PHOTOMETRY (E) DENSITOMETRY (E) DENSITOMETRY, X-RAY (E) FLUOROMETRY (E) POLAROGRAPHY POTENTIOMETRY RADIOMETRY SPECTRUM ANALYSIS ELECTRON PROBE MICROANALYSIS (Prov) ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE GAMMA SPECTROMETRY (E) (Prov) NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE OPTICAL ROTATORY DISPERSION (Prov) SPECTROPHOTOMETRY GAMMA SPECTROMETRY (E) (Prov) When indexing, specify INFRARED RAYS or ULTRAVIOLET RAYS as the NIM coordinate if stated by the author. - 38 - 8. Physical Chemistry All the terms below are from Category H unless otherwise specified. The 1969 MeSH gives METHODS and TIME FACTORS as Provisional Headings which are useful as parameters with many of the items below when pertinent. CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL ABSORPTION ADSORPTION CALORIMETRY CATALYSIS COLLOIDS CRYSTALLIZATION DIALYSIS DIFFUSION (G1,H) (Prov) ELECTROCHEMISTRY CONDUCTOMETRY ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY (G1,H) ELECTROGALVANISM (E6,H) ELECTROLYSIS ELECTROPHORESIS ELECTROPHORESIS, DISK (Prov) POLAROGRAPHY POTENTIOMETRY (E5) ENERGY TRANSFER (G1,H) HARDNESS HARDNESS TESTS (E5) (Prov) HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM (G1,H) BUFFERS (G1,H) ION EXCHANGE KINETICS LUMINESCENCE FLUORESCENCE MEMBRANES, ARTIFICIAL MOLECULAR WEIGHT OXIDATION-REDUCTION - 39 - PERMEABILITY OSMOSIS OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION (Prov) OSMOTIC PRESSURE (Prov) PRECIPITATION PRESSURE PARTIAL PRESSURE RADIOCHEMISTRY RHEOLOGY SOLUBILITY SPECIFIC GRAVITY SURFACE PROPERTIES (Prov) SURFACE TENSION CAPILLARITY TEMPERATURE (G3,H) COLD FREEZING FREEZE DRYING FREEZE ETCHING (E5) (Prov) REFRIGERATION (E5,J) HEAT THERMODYNAMICS VISCOSITY X-RAY DIFFRACTION ,9. Chemistry and Chemical Reactions ALKYLATION (H) METHYLATION (H) BIODEGRADATION (G1,H) (Prov) BIOTRANSFORMATION (Gl) (Prov) ESTERS (D2) FERMENTATION (Gl) FREE RADICALS (D1,D2) (Prov) HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION (H) ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM (G1,H) BUFFERS (G1,H) MACROMOLECULAR SYSTEM (D10,D11) MODELS, CHEMICAL (H) MOLECULAR WEIGHT (H) STEREOISOMERS (H) (Prov) - 40 - 10. Miscellaneous Substances of Interest to Pharmacy Although most of the substances below appear in Sub- category D13, several appear in other places as well within Category D. If the substances is in Category D, no specific location has been given since the cat- egorization does not affect the available subheading Since Category D and Category J differ in the sub- headings available, those substances taken from Cate- gory J are indicated (J). APHRODISIACS CAUSTICS CHARCOAL DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, TOPICAL ASTRINGENTS COAL TAR ICHTHAMMOL LANOLIN METHOXSALEN PETROLATUM PODOPHYLLUM SUNSCREENING AGENTS (Prov) EXPECTORANTS ACETYLCYSTEINE GUAIACOL GLYCERYL ETHER IPECAC IRRITANTS CANTHARIDES LINIMENTS SCLEROSING SOLUTIONS OILS CASTOR OIL CHAULMOOGRA OIL COTTONSEED CROTON OIL FISH LIVER OILS GOSSYPOL LINSEED MINERAL OIL OILS, VOLATILE SESAME OIL - 41 - PETROLEUM KEROSENE (Prov) MINERAL OIL PARAFFIN PETROLATUM POLYMERS FLUOROCARBON POLYMERS LATEX PARTICLES PLASTICS NYLON (J) POLYETHYLENES POLYSTYRENES POLYURETHANES POLYVINYLS RESINS ACRYLIC RESINS BALSAMS BENZOIN EPOXY RESINS ION EXCHANGE RESINS CHOLESTYRAMINE SILICONES SOLVENTS (Sundries) COSMETICS (D13,J) DENTIFRICES (D13) DEODORANTS MOUTHWASHES PERFUME SOAPS SUNSCREENING AGENTS (Prov) SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS DETERGENTS SOAPS TARS COAL TAR ICHTHAMMOL VEHICLES COLLODION LANOLIN MINERAL OIL WATER ICE (G3) STEAM (G3) WAXES PARAFFIN - 42 - Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamic All of the terms in this group are in Subcategory Gl. PHARMACOLOGY BIODEGRADATION (Prov) BIOTRANSFORMATION (Prov) DEPRESSION, CHEMICAL DRUG TOLERANCE INSULIN RESISTANCE TACHYPHYLAXIS PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY RECEPTORS, DRUG STIMULATION, CHEMICAL 12. Drug Interaction DRUG ANTAGONISM DRUG INCOMPATIBILITY (Prov) DRUG SYNERGISM 13. Drug Therapy DRUG THERAPY MEDICATION ERRORS NOSTRUMS PLACEBOS PRESCRIPTIONS SELF MEDICATION - 43 - 14. Toxicology The National Library of Medicine publishes a quarterly entitled the TOXICITY BIBLIOGRAPHY. It covers the "adverse and toxic effects of drugs and chemicals reported in approximately 2,300 bio- medical journals..." The references are "selected from the monthly issues of INDEX MEDICUS for the corresponding period." (TOXICITY BIBLIOGRAPHY: In- troduction, page ix, January-March 1969) It contains references under "any subject head- ing for a chemical, drug or similar substance to which one of the following three subheadings has been applied": Adverse effects, *poisoning and Aoxicity. For this reason, these three subheadings have been discussed separately in this brochure, pages 21-22. The TOXICITY BIBLIOGRAPHY contains citations ap- pearing under several disease headings. These dis- eases are indicated in the array below by their Category C (Diseases) number. TOXICOLOGY (Gl) POISONS (D13) CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS (D13) PESTICIDES (D3,D13) HERBICIDES (D3) INSECT REPELLENTS (D3) INSECTICIDES (D3) BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE (D3) CHLORDAN (D3) DDT (D3) DIELDRIN (D3) PARATHION (D3) PYRETHRUM (D3) ROTENONE (D3) MOLLUSCACIDES (D3) RODENTICIDES (D3) - 44 - (Diseases) ABNORMALITIES, DRUG-INDUCED (C14) ALCOHOLIC INTOXICATION (C14) DERMATITIS MEDICAMENTOSA (C14) DRUG ABUSE (F1,F2,I) DRUG ADDICTION '(F2) DRUG WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS (F2) GLUE SNIFFING (F1,F2,I) MORPHINE ADDICTION (F2) DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY (C14) ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE (G3) (Prov) HEPATITIS, TOXIC INERT GAS NARCOSIS (C10,C14) (Prov) PHOTOSENSITIZATION POISONING (C14) CARBON TETRACHLORIDE POISONING (C14) FLUORIDE POISONING (C14) GAS POISONING (C14) CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING (C14) (Metals) ARGYRIA (C14) LEAD POISONING (C14) MERCURY POISONING (C14) PLANT POISONING (C14) ERGOTISM (C14) LATHYRISM (C14) (Therapy) ANTIDOTES (D13) EMETICS (D6) CHELATING AGENTS (D13) DEFEROXAMINE (D13) DIMERCAPROL (D13) DTPA (D13) EDTA (D13) PENICILLAMINE (D10,D13) - 45 - APPENDIX III Category D - Chemicals and Drugs The fields of pharmacy and pharmacology are represented in MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS to some degree in every category from B through N. Only Category A (living organisms) yields no direct headings for pharmacy. And yet any MEDLARS Analyst knows that, certainly, the fields of pharmacology and, even more, pharmacodynamics are seldom in- dexed or searched without recourse to an organ or organism in the light of its response to various drugs and chemicals. Of all the categories in which the Analyst will find headings of pharmaceutical or pharma- cological interest, Category D yields the greatest bounty: it contains over 2600 terms out of the approximately 7400 terms in the whole of MeSH. Obviously this appendix cannot supplant or repro- duce Category D in MeSH, nor should it. Both the categorizations and the alphabetical listing are indispensable to the MEDLARS Analyst and must be used constantly. The following page gives a list of the titles or coverage of the 13 subcategories into which Cate gory D is divided. It is supplied here in this brochure for ready reference and for a concise over all view of the MeSH coverage of large chemical and drug groups. - 46 - Category D Dl Inorganic chemicals: elements, simple compounds and related terms D2 Organic chemicals and structural groups D3 Anti-infective agents and pesticides D4 Antineoplastic agents and immunosuppressive agents D5 Autonomic drugs, cardiovascular agents and muscle relaxants D6 Central nervous system drugs, antiemetics, antihistaminics and antitussive agents D7 Hematologic agents, gastrointestinal agents and agents for fluid therapy D8 Hormones, precursors, metabolites, sub- stitutes and antagonists D9 Enzymes, coenzymes, enzyme inhibitors and precursors D10 Amino acids, peptides, proteins and nucleic acids Dll Carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and related compounds D12 Immunologic factors, biological factors and substances D13 Miscellaneous chemicals and drugs - 47 - APPENDIX IV NIM Headings In indexing under MEDLARS, the Indexer evaluates the MeSH headings assigned to an article as to whether the heading is to be printed in INDEX MEDICUS or is to be stored in the computer for possible retrieval by a searcher to meet a specific research need. Those terms destined for publication in INDEX MEDICUS are termed IM or INDEX MEDICUS terms and those to be stored in the computer are called NIM or non- INDEX MEDICUS terms. In general, those appearing in INDEX MEDICUS (IM) represent the salient points of an article indexed and those stored in the computer (NIM) are valuable data but not necessarily the basic point of the articles. This policy is referred to many times throughout this brochure and is repeated endlessly in the MEDLARS Indexing Manual. The basic philosophy of IM versus NIM appears in the manual in sections 4.1 through 4.2.2.7 and again with more specific examples in 13.11 through 13.11.5. Here is a pertinent illustration in pharmacy. An article on the value of chemistry to a pharmacist is indexed as CHEMISTRY (IM) since here chemistry is a scientific discipline. But in an article on the chem- istry of penicillin, we say that basically the subject is penicillin - but discussed from the chemical aspect. This is indexed now as CHEMISTRY (NIM) with the PENI- CILLIN as IM. Below we list a set of main headings which may be indexed as IM if the articles discuss them as special- ties or disciplines or fields of study. But if the articles discuss them as qualifiers of specific drugs or chemicals, they should be indexed as NIM. - 48 - The sections in the Indexing Manual where these headings are discussed are given in parentheses after the term. BIOCHEMISTRY (14.15) CHEMISTRY (14.15, 18.12, 18.12.1, 18.17, 18.31.1, 25.2, 25.2.1, 25.2.2, 25.3) CHEMISTRY, AGRICULTURAL (25.2) CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL (18.12, 25.2, 25.3) CHEMISTRY, CLINICAL CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC (25.2, 25.2.1, 25.2.2, 25.3) CHEMISTRY, PHARMACEUTICAL (25.2, 25.2.1, 25.2.2) CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL (25.2, 25.2.1, 25.2.2) ELECTROCHEMISTRY (and all indentions on page 39) MICROCHEMISTRY RADIOCHEMISTRY (18.32.3) Pages 35-40 of this brochure list over a hundred MeSH terms which the indexers encounter constantly in the literature of pharmacy and pharmacology. They are predominantly chemical reactions and analytical and physicochemical technics. In accordance with both indexing policy in general and notations on page 5 here, all of these technics are important for search retrieval for scientists using MEDLARS. They should be indexed routinely. How- ever, in accordance with the IM/NIM policy, they should also routinely (in general) be indexed as NIM. The exception is given in item 9 on page 5. - 49 - APPENDIX V Indexing Instructions for Miscellaneous Terms in Pharmacy and Pharmacology The MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH) terms in the fields of pharmacy, pharmacology and toxicology will be found In Appendix II, arranged in natural groups for easy memorizing or easy reference. In this appendix are terms encountered in indexing the literature of these fields for which there are no main headings in MeSH. In many instances many concepts are candidates as future MeSH headings, but in other cases, many need not be so considered and, instead, require only a little direction in the form of index- ing instruction. Indexing instructions are given for all of these terms in the usual form of Integrated Authority File (IAF) entries. Each of the entries in this appendix will find its way also into the official IAF. This appendix contains instructions for two types of terms: for terms met in the literature and for terms appearing in the 1969 MeSH as see or see under cross- references. The printed MeSH cross-references are indicated in the following pages by a + in front of the entry. - 50 - absorption Index with proper sub- heading (IM) ABSORPTION (NIM) + addiction Index DRUG ADDICTION + adhesive plaster Index BANDAGES alkalinity Index HYDROGEN-ION CON- CENTRATION + allergy Index HYPERSENSITIVITY or specific in- dention + amino acid analyzer Index AUTQANALYSIS ampules Index DRUG CONTAINERS AND CLOSURES + anion exchange resins Index ION EXCHANGE RESINS + antipruritics Index DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS (IM) PRURITUS Arug ther- apy (IM) + apparatus and instruments Index EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES + belladonna alkaloids Index BELLADONNA + betel Index ARECA bioassay Index BIOLOGICAL ASSAY + biopolymers Index MACROMOLECULAR SYSTEMS blood levels Index with Alood boiling point Index CHEMISTRY, PHYS- ICAL (NIM) HEAT (NIM) + botany, medical Index PLANTS, MEDICINAL or BOTANY if appli- cable brand names Index DRUGS or specific drug (IM) NOMENCLATURE (IM) + butter yellow Index DIMETHYLAMINOAZO- BENZENE carminatives Index CATHARTICS + arbutin Index UVA URSI + barley Index GRAIN + cation exchange resins Index ION EXCHANGE RESINS - 51 - + centrifugation, isopycnic Index CENTRIFUGATION, DENSITY GRADIENT chemical depression Index DEPRESSION, CHEM- ICAL (NIM) chemical stimulation Index STIMULATION, CHEM- ICAL (NIM) chemical structure Index CHEMISTRY (NIM) + chocolate Index CACAO coatings Index TABLETS or specific indention + cocoa Index CACAO + cod liver oil Index FISH LIVER OILS coloring agents Index PHARMACEUTIC AIDS (IM) COLOR (NIM) column chromatography Index CHROMATOGRAPHY + community pharmacies Index PHARMACIES + complexons Index CHELATING AGENTS concentration Index with Administration dosage or Analysis or Alood, etc. cough remedies Index ANTITUSSIVE AGENTS or EXPECTORANTS if applicable + counterirritants Index IRRITANTS creams Index OINTMENTS cryptenamine Index VERATRUM + crystal violet Index GENTIAN VIOLET + DAB Index DIMETHYLAMINOAZO- BENZENE + dacron Index POLYMERS + Datura Index STRAMONIUM decoctions Index CHEMISTRY, PHARM- ACEUTICAL decomposition Index with *metabolism or CHEMISTRY (NIM) + defoliants, chemical Index HERBICIDES depot preparations Index DELAYED-ACTION PREPARATIONS or TABLETS, EN- TERIC-COATED + desferrioxamine Index DEFEROXAMINE desiccation Index CHEMISTRY, PHARM- ACEUTICAL d e terminat ion Index Analysis distillation [E CEUTICAL Index CHEMISTRY, PHARMA- distribution Index *metabolism + dithizone Index INDICATORS AND RE- AGENTS dosage (in English) Index ^administration * dosage dosage (in foreign languages) Index Analysis dose Index Administration & dosage (IM) specific dosage form or type of administra* tion (NIM) dose/effect relationship Index Administration & d osage double-blind Index with Check tag CLINICAL RESEARCH + dressings Index BANDAGES + drug benefit plans Index INSURANCE, PHARMA- CEUTICAL SERVICES + drug catalogs Index CATALOGS, DRUG + drug committee Index PHARMACY AND THER- APEUTICS COMMIT- TEE + drug degradation Index DRUG STABILITY + drug dependence Index DRUG ADDICTION + drug distribution systems, hospital Index HOSPITAL MEDICATION SYSTEMS + drug insurance Index INSURANCE PHARMA- - 53 - CEUTICAL SERVICES drug interaction Index CHEMISTRY (NIM) or DRUG SYNERGISM or DRUG ANTAGONISM + drug packaging Index DRUG CONTAINERS AND CLOSURES + drug potentiation Index DRUG SYNERGISM + electron microscopy Index MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON elimination Index Arine usually or other route of elimination elixirs Index CHEMISTRY, PHARMA- CEUTICAL or SOLU- TIONS or ALCOHOL, ETHYL if applica- ble + emollients Index DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS essential oils Index OILS, VOLATILE evaporation Index CHEMISTRY or CHEMISTRY, PHARMA- CEUTICAL + excipients Index PHARMACEUTIC AIDS excretion Index Arine usually or other route of ex- cretion extracts Index specific drug (IM) CHEMISTRY, PHARMA- CEUTICAL (NIM) or PLANT EXTRACTS (Prov) if applicable + eyedrops Index OPHTHAMEC SOLUTIONS fate of drugs Index Aietabolism + FEP Index FLUOROCARBON POLYMERS filtration Index CHEMISTRY or CHEMISTRY, PHARMACEUTICAL flavors Index FLAVORING AGENTS fluidextracts Index CHEMISTRY, PHARMA- CEUTICAL + fluon Index FLUOROCARBON POLYMERS + fluorescence microscopy Index MICROSCOPY, FLU- ORESCENCE + Food and Drug Administration Index UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINIS- TRATION + food and drug laws Index LEGISLATION, DRUG + Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act Index LEGISLATION, DRUG + food plants Index PLANTS, EDIBLE or specific plant + Formulary Committee Index PHARMACY AND THERA- PEUTICS COMMITTEE + fractional crystallization Index CRYSTALLIZATION + fractional precipitation Index PRECIPITATION + fractionation Index CHEMISTRY, ANALYT- ICAL + fuel oils Index PETROLEUM + fungal toxins Index MYCOTOXINS galenicals Index DRUGS - 54 - + gasoline Index PETROLEUM generic names Index DRUGS or speci- fic drug (IM) NOMENCLATURE + injections, sclerosing Index SCLEROSING SOLU- TIONS intracutaneous injections Index INJECTIONS, INTRADERMAL + gum-resins Index RESINS gums Index RESINS + hashish Index CANNABIS + heavy metal detoxicants Index CHELATING AGENTS intradermal injections Index INJECTIONS, INTRADERMAL intraspinal injections Index INJECTIONS, INTRATHECAL ionization Index CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL + horehound Index MARRUBIUM -I- hyoscyamine Index BELLADONNA hypodermic administration Index INJECTIONS, SUBCUTAN- EOUS + ichthyol Index ICHTHAMMOL idiosyncrasy Index DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY infusions (as administration) Index Administration & dosage and specific technic infusions (as extractions) Index CHEMISTRY, PHARMACEUT- ICAL isopycnic centrifugation Index CENTRIFUGATION, DENSITY GRADI- ENT keratolytic agents Index DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS + lacquer Index PAINT + latex microspheres Index LATEX PARTICLES + latex rubber Index RUBBER laxatives Index CATHARTICS LD Index Aoxicity - 55 - liquid petrolatum mechanism of action Index MINERAL OIL Index *pharmacodynamics + lithium aluminum hydride Index INDICATORS AND RE- AGENTS local administration Index Administration & dosage lotion Index SOLUTIONS or DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS if applicable + lucerne Index ALFALFA + lye Index CAUSTICS + lyophilization Index FREEZE DRYING + magnetic resonance Index ELECTRON SPIN RESON- ANCE or NUCLEAR MAG- NETIC RESONANCE + male fern Index ASPIDIUM + manioc Index CASSAVA + marihuana Index CANNABIS mass spectrometry Index SPECTRUM ANALYSIS measures Index WEIGHTS AND MEASURES medical botany Index PLANTS, MEDICINAL or BOTANY if ap- plicable + metamucil Index PSYLLIUM + methyl violet Index GENTIAN VIOLET + methylrosaniline chloride Index GENTIAN VIOLET metric system Index WEIGHTS AND MEASURES + microphotography Index MICROFIIHING or PHOTOMICROGRAPHY milks (as milk of magnesia) Index CHEMISTRY, PHARMA- CEUTICAL + millet Index GRAIN + mistletoe Index VISCUM mixtures Index CHEMISTRY, PHARM- ACEUTICAL + morphine derivatives Index MORPHINANS mucilages Index PHARMACEUTIC AIDS - 56 - + mycotoxicoses Index MYCOTOXINS *poisoning + narcotic control Index DRUG AND NARCOTIC CONTROL + narcotic laws Index LEGISLATION, DRUG needles Index SYRINGES or SURGICAL EQUIPMENT if applicable + neuropharmacology Index AUTONOMIC DRUGS or PSYCHOPHARMA- COLOGY + paramagnetic resonance Index ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE particle size Index POWDERS if appli- cable or CHEM- ISTRY, PHYSICAL or CHEMISTRY, PHARMACEUTICAL patent medicines Index NOSTRUMS percolation Index CHEMISTRY, PHARM- ACEUTICAL + petrolatum, liquid Index MINERAL OIL neutron activation analysis Index ACTIVATION ANALYSIS + pharmacotherapy Index DRUG THERAPY + ninhydrin Index INDICATORS AND RE- AGENTS + oats Index GRAIN + oils, essential Index OILS, VOLATILE + ointment bases Index PHARMACEUTIC AIDS and OINTMENTS oral administration Index Administration & dosage + packaging, drug Index DRUG CONTAINERS AND CLOSURES 4- phosphorescence Index LUMINESCENCE physical activity (of a drug) Index CHEMISTRY, PHYS- ICAL if in vitro ^pharmacodynamics if in vivo pills Index CAPSULES or TABLETS + plantago Index PSYLLIUM plasters Index Administration & dosage or BANDAGES if applicable - 57 - + podophyllin (Provisional) Index PODOPHYLLUM + polytetrafluorethylene Index FLUOROCARBON POLYMERS pomades Index OINTMENTS posology Index Administration & dosage poultices Index Administration & dosage or BANDAGES if applicable + prescription fees Index FEES, PHARMACEUTICAL + prescription insurance Index INSURANCE, PHARMA- . CEUTICAL SERVICES + preservatives, pharmaceutical Index PHARMACEUTIC AIDS + prolonged-action preparations Index DELAYED-ACTION PRE- PARATIONS proprietary drugs Index NOSTRUMS pulverization Index POWDERS purgatives Index CATHARTICS purification Index isolation & puri- fication + pustulants Index IRRITANTS qualitative determination Index Analysis quantitative determination Index Analysis + reagents Index INDICATORS AND REAGENTS rectal administration Index Administration & dosage and SUPPOSITORIES or ENEMA if ap- plicable + resinat Index ION EXCHANGE RESINS + royal jelly Index BEES + rubefacients Index IRRITANTS + rye Index GRAIN + saccharin Index SWEETENING AGENTS + scillaren Index SQUILL + scintillation counter Index RADIOMETRY + scopolamine derivatives Index TROPANES 58 - + sedatives Index HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES separation Index *isolation & purification + snuff Index TOBACCO + spectroscopy Index SPECTRUM ANALYSIS + spices Index CONDIMENTS spirits Index SOLUTIONS or ALCOHOL, ETHYL if applicable standards Index Atandards structure/activity relations Index CHEMISTRY (NIM) and ♦pharmacodynamics subarachnoid injection Index INJECTIONS,INTRATHECAL subdural injection Index INJECTIONS,INTRATHECAL + sustained-re lease preparations Index DELAYED-ACTION PREP- ARATIONS syrups Index VEHICIJES and appropri- ate sugar term + tarichatoxin Index TETRODOTCKIN taste disguisers Index FLAVORING AGENTS + teflon Index FLUOROCARBON POLYMERS TFE Index FLUOROCARBON POLYMERS + therapeutics committee Index PHARMACY AND THER- APEUTICS COMMIT- TEE tincture Index SOLUTIONS tolerance Index specific drug (IM) DRUG TOLERANCE (NIM) + toothpaste Index DENTIFRICES topical administration Index Administration & dosage triple-blind Index with Check tag CLINICAL RESEARCH + tritons Index SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS troches Index TABLETS + turbid ime try Index DENSITOMETRY - 59 - + tweens Index SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS unguents Index OINTMENTS urinary levels Index Arine utilization (as stockpiling) Index specific drug (IM) DRUG UTILIZATION (NIM) utilization (metabolic) Index *metabolism + varnish Index PAINT + vesicants Index IRRITANTS weight (as measure) Index WEIGHTS AND MEASURES weight (of substances) Index CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL or CHEMISTRY, PHARM- ACEUTICAL as applicable + wetting agents Index SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS + withdrawal symptoms Index DRUG WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS - 60 - APPENDIX VI Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Journal Coverage in INDEX MEDICUS This is a list of journals from the fields of pharmacy, pharmacology and toxicology indexed in INDEX MEDICUS. Select titles have been extracted from the Subject Listing of the LIST OF JOURNALS INDEXED IN INDEX MEDICUS (LJI) from under the en- tries "Anesthesiology", "Botany", "Chemistry", "Pharmacy", and "Pharmacology." The list of journals here will be of greater value to searchers and users of MEDLARS products than to indexers. For this reason, we are citing for each journal title, the journal title code (JTC) which is used for searching the MEDLARS magnetic tapes for specific journals. As in the LJI, the s) preceding a title in<- dicates a journal indexed selectively. - 61 - Journal Title ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA (Padova) ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA BELGICA (Bruxelles) ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA (Aarhus) ACTA PHARMACEUTICA HUNGARICA (Budapest) ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA (Peking) ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SUECICA , ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA et TOXICOLOGICA ^ (Kobenhavn) > ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA et PHARMACOLOGICA NEERLANDICA (Amsterdam) ACTA POLONUE PHARMACEUTICA (Warszawa) ACTUALITES PHARMACOLOGIQUES (Paris) ADVANCES in CHEMOTHERAPY (New York) ADVANCES in DRUG RESEARCH (London) ADVANCES in PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (London) Abbreviation JTC Acta Anaesth (Padova) 07G Acta Anaesth Belg 082 Acta Anaesth Scand 080 Acta Pharm Hung 1P8 Acta Pharm Sinica 1PU Acta Pharm Suec 1Q5 Acta Pharmacol (Kobenhavn) 1QG Acta Physiol Pharmacol Neerl 1SW Acta Pol Pharm 1VC Actualites Pharmacol 2GQ Advances Chemother 2K3 Advances Drug Res 2LB Advances Pharm Sci 20V Journal Title ADVANCES in PHARMACOLOGY (New York) ADVANCES in TRACER METHODOLOGY (New York) AGRESSOLOGIE (Paris) s) AMERICAN JOURNAL of BOTANY (Oxford, Ohio) AMERICAN JOURNAL of HOSPITAL PHARMACY (Washington) AMERICAN JOURNAL of PHARMACY and the SCIENCES SUPPORTING PUBLIC HEALTH (Philadelphia) 1 ANAESTHESU (London) i ANAESTHESIST (Berlin) ANESTHESU and ANALGESU; CURRENT RESEARCHES (Cleveland) ANESTHESIE, ANALGESIE, REANIMATION (Paris) ANESTHESIOLOGY (Philadelphia) ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANCAISES (Paris) ANNUAL REVIEW of PHARMACOLOGY (Palo Alto) ANTIBIOTICA (Roma) Abbreviation JTC Advances Pharmacol 20Z Advances Tracer Meth 2PM Agressologle 311 Amer J Bot 3DF Amer J Hosp Pharm 310 Amer J Pharm 3SE Anaesthesia 4MC Anaesthesist 4MY Anesth Analg (Cleveland) 4R8 Anesth Analg (Paris) 4RU Anesthesiology 4SG Ann Pharm Franc 5UY Ann Rev Pharmacol 61D Antibiotica (Roma) 6FQ Journal Title ANTIBIOTICA et CHEMOTHERAPIA (Basel) ANTIBIOTIKI (Moskva) ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS and CHEMOTHERAPY (Detroit) APPLIED THERAPEUTICS (Toronto) ARCHIV der PHARMAZIE und BERICHTE der DEUTSCHEN PHARMAZEUTISCHEN GESELL- SCHAFT (Weinheim) ARCHIV fur TOXIKOLOGIE; FUEHNER- WIEUNDS SAMMLUNG von VERGIFTUNGS- FAELLEN (Berlin) ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES de PHARMACO- DYNAMIE et de THERAPIE (Gand) ARCHIVIO ITALUNO di SCIENZE FARMACO- LOGICHE (Modena) ARCHIVOS del INSTITUTO de FARMACOLOGIA EXPERIMENTAL (Madrid) ARHIV za HIGIJENU RADA i TOKSIKOLOGIJU (Zagreb) ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG (Aulendorf) Abbreviation JTC Antibiot Chemother (Basel) 6F4 Antibiotiki 6GC Antimicrob Agents Chemother 6HK Appl Ther 6KM Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 8AC Arch Toxik 8JI Arch Int Pharmacodyn 7EK Arch Ital Sci Farmacol 7MI Arch Inst Farmacol Exp 7AW (Madrid) Arh Hig Rada 8MK Arzneimittelforschung 91U Journal Title BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY (New York) BOLLETTINO CHIMICO FARMACEUTICO (Milano) BRITISH JOURNAL of ANAESTHESU (Altrin- cham) BRITISH JOURNAL of PHARMACOLOGY (London) BULLETIN of NATIONAL INSTITUTE of HYGIENIC SCIENCES (Tokyo) BULLETIN of the PARENTERAL DRUG ASSOC- UTION (Philadelphia) ' BULLETIN of PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH S. INSTITUTE (Takatsuki) i CAHIERS d 'ANESTHESIOLOGY (Paris) CANADIAN ANAESTHETISTS' SOCIETY JOURNAL (Toronto) CANADUN JOURNAL of PHYSIOLOGY and PHARMACOLOGY (Ottawa) CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY REPORTS (Washington) CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY REPORTS. SUPPLEMENT Abbreviation JTC Biochem Pharmacol 9Z4 Boll Chimicofarm AKO Brit J Anaesth AUO Brit J Pharmacol BOO Bull Nat Inst Hyg Sci BQ8 (Tokyo) Bull Parenteral Drug Ass BSG Bull Pharm Res Inst BSW (Takatsuki) Cah Anesth CBV Canad Anaesth Soc J CG7 Canad J Physiol Pharmacol CJM Cancer Chemother Rep CMP Cancer Chemother Rep [Suppl] CMW Journal Title CESKOSLOVENSKA FARMACIE (Praha) s) CHEMICAL and PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN (Tokyo) CHEMOTHERAPY (Basel) CLINICA TERAPEUTICA (Roma) CLINICAL ANESTHESIA (Philadelphia) CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and THERAPEUTICS (St. Louis) COMPTES RENDUS de la SOCIETE SUISSE de 1 PHYSIOLOGIE, CHIMIE PHYSIOLOGIQUE £ et PHARMACOLOGIE issued with HEL- VETICA PHYSIOLOGICA et PHARMACOLO- GICA ACTA (Basel) CURRENT MEDICINE and DRUGS (London) CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH (New York) DANSK TIDSSKRIFT for FARMACI (Kobenhavn) DRUG and THERAPEUTICS BULLETIN (London) EXPERIMENTAL'NAU KHIRURGIU i ANESTEZIOLOGIU (Moskva) Abbreviation JTC Cesk Farm CSU Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) CZP Chemotherapy (Basel) D15 Clin Ter DKN Clin Anesth DBS Clin Pharmacol Ther DHR C R Soc Suisse Physiol CAS Curr Med Drugs Curr Ther Res Dansk T Farm Drug Ther Bull Eksp Khir Anest DUR DWK DYX EC8 EE7 Journal Title ERGEBNISSE des PHYSIOLOGIE, BIOLOGISCHEN CHEMIE und EXPERIMENTELLEN PHARMAKO- LOGIE (Berlin) EUROPEAN JOURNAL of PHARMACOLOGY (Amsterdam) FARMACO; EDIZIONE PRATICA (Pavia) FARMACO; EDIZIONE SCIENTIFICA (Pavia) FARMACOGNOSU; ANALES del INSTITUTO JOSE CELESTINO MUTIS de FARMACO- GNOSU (Madrid) FARMAKOLOGIU i TOKSIKOLOGIU (Moskva) -J i FARMATSEVTYCHNYI ZHURNAL (Kiev) FARMATSIU (Moskva) FOLU PHARMACOLOGICA JAPONICA (Kyoto) FOOD and COSMETICS TOXICOLOGY (Oxford) FORTSCHRITTE der ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG (Basel) GIORNALE ITALIANO di CHEMIOTERAPU (Milano) Abbreviation JTC Ergebn Physiol ELP Europ J Pharmacol EN5 Farmaco LPrat] ESX Farmaco [SciJ ET7 Farmacognosia ETH Farmakol Toksik ETR Farm Zh (Kiev) ESN Farmatsiia EU6 Folia Pharmacol Jap F2X Food Cosmet Toxic F3W Fortschr Arzneimittelforsch F55 G Ital Chemioter FBJ Journal Title HELVETICA PHYSIOLOGICA et PHARMACO- LOGICA ACTA (Basel) HINDUSTAN ANTIBIOTICS BULLETIN (Primpri) HIPPOKRATES (Stuttgart) INDUN JOURNAL of PHYSIOLOGY and PHARMACOLOGY (Lucknow) INSTITUT FARMAKOLOGII I KHIMIOTERAPII UCHENYE ZAPISKI (Moskva) INTERNATIONAL ANESTHESIOLOGY CLINICS (Boston) i gj INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of NEUROPHARMA- , COLOGY (Oxford) INTERNATIONALE ZEITSCHRIFT fur KLI- NISCHE PHARMAKOLOGIE, THERAPIE und TOXIKOLOGIE (Munchen) JAPANESE JOURNAL of ANESTHESIOLOGY (Tokyo) JAPANESE JOURNAL of ANTIBIOTICS (Tokyo) JAPANESE JOURNAL of PHARMACOLOGY (Kyoto) JOURNAL of the AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION (Washington) Abbreviation JTC Helv Physiol Pharmacol Acta . G5J Hindustan Antibiot Bull G81 Hippokrates G8B Indian J Physiol Pharmacol GID Inst Farmakol Khimioter GOP Uchen Zap Int Anesth Clin GP4 Int J Neuropharmacol GS6 Int Z Klin Pharmakol Ther GUY Toxik Jap J Anesth Jap J Antibiot Jap J Pharmacol J Amer Pharm Ass KHR KHV K07 H8N Journal Title JOURNAL of ANTIBIOTICS (Tokyo) JOURNAL of CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and the JOURNAL of NEW DRUGS (New York) JOURNAL of MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (Washington) JOURNAL of PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (Washington) JOURNAL of the PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY of JAPAN (Tokyo) JOURNAL de PHARMACIE de BELGIQUE i (Bruxelles) * JOURNAL of PHARMACOLOGY and EXPERI- 1 MENTAL THERAPEUTICS (Baltimore) JOURNAL of PHARMACY and PHARMACOLOGY (London) s) JOURNAL of SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS; JOURNAL of PHYSICS E (London) s) LLOYDU; a QUARTERLY JOURNAL of PHARMA- COGNOSY and ALLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (Cincinnati) MEDICAL LETTER on DRUGS and THERAPEUTICS (New York) Abbreviation JTC J Antibiot (Tokyo) HCF J Clin Pharmacol HTB J Med Chem JOF J Pharm Sci J07 J Pharm Soc Jap JON J Pharm Belg JNB J Pharmacol Exp Ther JP3 J Pharm Pharmacol JNR J Sci Instrum K27 Lloydia L7A Med Lett Drugs Ther M52 Journal Title MEDICINA EXPERIMENTALIS (Basel) MEDITSINSKAU PROMYSHLENNOST' SSSR (Moskva) s) MIKROCHIMICA ACTA (Wien) MINERVA ANESTESIOLOGICA (Torino) MITTEILUNGEN der DEUTSCHEN PHARMA- ZEUTISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT und der PHARMAZEUTISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT der DDR issued with ARCHIV der PHARMAZIE und BERICHTE der DEUTSCHEN PHARMAZEUTISCHEN GE- 1 SELLSCHAFT (Weinheim) o , MODERN TREATMENT (New York) MOLECUUR PHARMACOLOGY (New York) NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE for POISON CONTROL CENTERS; BULLETIN (Washington) NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIV fur PHARMA- KOLOGIE und EXPERIMENTELLE PATHOLOGIE (Berlin) OMNIA MEDICA et THERAPEUTICA (Pisa) Abbreviation JTC Med Exper (Basel) LY6 Med Promyshl SSSR MA6 Mikrochim Acta NO 6 Minerva Anest N26 Mitt Deutsch Pharm Ges NDQ Mod Treatm NG6 Molec Pharmacol NGR Nat Clearinghouse Poison NRS Contr Cent Bull Naunyn Schmiedeberg Arch NTQ Pharm Exp Path Omnia Med OHC Journal Title PATOLOGICHESKAIA FIZIOLOGIU i EXPERI- MENTAL'NAU TERAPIU (Moskva) PESTICIDES MONITORING JOURNAL (Atlanta) PHARMACEUTICA ACTA HELVETUE (Zurich) PHARMACEUTISCH WEEKBLAD (Den Haag) PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS (Baltimore) PHARMACOLOGY (Basel) PHARMACOLOGY for PHYSICUNS (Philadelphia) PHARMAKOTHERAPU (Munchen) PHARMAZEUTISCHE PRAXIS; Beilage zur die PHARMAZIE (Berlin) PHARMAZIE (Berlin) PUNTA MEDICA (Stuttgart) PROCEEDINGS of the WESTERN PHARMACOLOGY SOCIETY (Seattle) PROGRESS in CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (New York) PROGRESS in MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (London) PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIA (Berlin) Abbreviation JTC Pat Fiziol Eksp Ter ORQ Pestle Monlt J OZV Pharm Acta Helv POE Pharm Weekbl P2X Pharmacol Rev P40 Pharmacology (Basel) P43 Pharmacol Physicians P3T Pharmacotherapia P46 Pharm Prax P27 Pharmazie P4D Planta Med P9F Proc West Pharmacol Soc PZ2 Progr Chem Toxic QON Progr Med Chem Q31 Psychopharmacologia (Berlin) QGE Journal Title Abbreviation JTC s) s) -si tS) 8) PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN; NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE for MENTAL HEALTH INFORMATION (Bethesda) RASSEGNA INTERNAZIONALE di CLINICA e TERAPU (Napoli) RESIDUE REVIEWS; RESIDUES of PESTICIDES and OTHER FOREIGN CHEMICALS in FOODS and FEEDS (New York) REVIEW of SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS (New York) REVISTA BRASILEIRA de ANESTESIOLOGU (Rio de Janeiro) REVISTA ESPANOLA de ANESTESIOLOGU y REANIMACION (Barcelona) REVUE d'IMMUNOLOGIE et de THERAPIE ANTIMICROBIENNE (Paris) SEMAINE THERAPEUTIQUE (Paris) STEROIDS (San Francisco) SUDHOFF'S ARCHIV; VIERTELJAHRSSCHRIFT fur GESCHICHTE der MEDIZIN und der NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN der PHARMAZIE und der MATHEMATIK (Wiesbaden) Psychopharmacol Bull Rass Int Clin Ter Residue Rev Rev Sci Instrum Rev Brasil Anest Rev Esp Anest Rev Immun (Paris) Sem Ther Steroids Sudhoff Arch QG1 QV5 R7T T62 RG1 RSX S7L UMT V10 V84 Journal Title TERATOLOGY; JOURNAL of ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT (Philadelphia) THERAPEUTIQUE (Paris) THERAPIE (Paris) THERAPIE der GEGENWART (Berlin) TOXICOLOGY and APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY (New York) TOXICON (Oxford) Abbreviation JTC Teratology VM8 Therapeutique VPZ Therapie VQ6 Ther Gegenw VOQ Toxic Appl Pharmacol VWO Toxicon VWT y^ .* & a. ,•:.-'.-. ATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIE ATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATION* A SIS N £ £ ~Y midiqsw jo Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiosw jo Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiosw jo Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiosw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidios ATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONA if' NiDicnw jo Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiosw jo Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiosw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiosw jo Aavaan ivnoiivn 3nidiq31 NiDiasw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiosw jo Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiosw jo Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiosw jo Aavaan ivnoiivn snidiosi IATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATION/ nidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aava8n tvnouvn snidiqs IATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATION/ VNJ nidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiq IATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATION midiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn 3nidiq3w jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn 3> NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIO snidiosw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiosw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiosw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiosw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidi NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIOI I /\gf | snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidm NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIOI snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn 3ni:)I -a NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIOI I / V^^T^^^ "° ^^(SY/'vft? ^ \Y^vY•^