THE WORLD’S 
INDUSTRIAL! COTTON S 
CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION 
NEW ORLEANS, LA. J 
1884 k 1885. 
— > mm ■ 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, 
UNITED STATES ARMY: j 
- ' - '% Front Elevation. 
DRAWING OF THE MODEL OF THE REGULATION U. S. A. POST HOSPITAL OF 24 BEDS. 
PLATE A The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
Medical iepartment, Inited States limy 
EXHIBIT-CLASS 1. 
No. 1. 
DESCRIPTION. 
OF THE 
MODELS OF HOSPITALS 
AND 
HOSPITAL TEIXnTTS. 
H E N E Y M c E L D E R E Y, . 
Assistant Surgson, U. S. A. 
IN OITAROF OF TFE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT U. 8. A. 
JSTew Orleans, La., 1884-85. MISCELLANEOUS SPECIMENS OF AND FROM FISHES. 
No. 
104 Entozoa found in Baird’s stone-tugger (Fundulus bairdii). 
132 Entozoa found in gizzard-fish (Coregonus clupeiformis). 
145 Intestinal canal of lake-trout (Christivomer namaycush), exhibiting large 
development of tubular glands. 
630 Specimen of gold-fish (Carassius auratus) with double tail and one sternal 
rib connected with first rib of right side. 
863 Cranium of yellow perch, (Perea americana), with superior maxilla in rudi- 
mentary condition. 
875 Heart of whip-tailed ray (Raia undulata). 
1015 Superior maxilla of saw-fish (Pristis antiquorum). 
1035 Entozoa found in stomach of Jew-fisli (Stereolepis). 
1036 Entazoa from a fish. 
1063 Superior maxilla of saw-fish (Pristis antiquorum). 
1099 Entozoa found in caudal muscles of drum-fish (Pogonias chromis). 
1093 Alimentary canal of Conger eel (Conger oceanica). 
1097 Heart of drum-fish (Pogonias chromis). 
1098 Coecal (vermiform) appendages of drum-fish (Pogonias chromis). 
1173 Heart of dusky shark (Eularnia obscurus). 
1269 Jaws of blue shark (Eularnia milbertii). 
1732 Palate bone of drum-fish (Pogonias chromis). 
219.1 Maxillae of man-eating shark (Squalus car char ias). 
2236 Eggs of sharp-nosed skate (Raia Icevis). 
2382 Embryo of shark six and a half inches long. 
2447 Portion of superior maxilla of drum-fish (Pogonias chromis). Tie World’s Mistrial ail Cotton Ceitennial Exposition. 
NEW ORLEANS, LA, 1884-’85. 
Medical Department, United States Army 
EXHIBIT-GLASS 1. 
DESCRIPTION OP THE MODELS OP HOSPITALS AND HOSPITAL TENTS. 
Model of the Regulation U. S. A. Post Hospital of 24 Beds. 
This model was constructed by Mr. Charles Seltman, of Washington, 
D. C., on a scale of half an inch to the foot, for the World’s Industrial 
and .Cotton Centennial Exposition, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1884-85. 
It is, including the base, T ft. 2" long by 4 ft. 5" wide, and has 
been built in exact accordance with the plans and specifications contained 
in Circular No. 10, War Department, Surgeon General’s Office, October 
20,1877, (rendered authoritative by General Orders No. 98, Headcpiarters 
of the Army, Adjutant General’s Office, Washington, October 20,1877), 
from which the following description has been taken : 
1.—Approved Plan for a Regulation Post Hospital for 24 Beds. 
“ This hospital consists of a central administration building and two 
wards arranged as wings. 
“ The wing for each ward will be 45 feet 8 inches long by 25 feet 4 
inches wide and 15 feet high in the clear from floor to ceiling. For very cold climates the height may be reduced to 12 feet, in which case 
the length will be increased to 50 feet. 
“Attached to each ward, and at the outer end and behind, will be a 
room for earth closets, as shown in the plans. 
“ The administration building will be 36 feet by 4 inches front, by 40 
feet 4 inches deep, and two stories high, with a back building 43 feet 
8 inches by 15 feet 4 inches. Each story of this building will be 13 
feet high from floor to ceiling. 
“ A veranda 10 feet wide will surround the hospital, as shown in plans. 
“ In hot climates the wards will be detached from main building, re- 
maining connected with it by the veranda only, which will thus entirely 
surround the ward. (The ward on the left hand side of model has been 
so detached. See drawing, Plate A). The back building will be sepa- 
rated in like manner. 
“The plan of the first floor, the designations and dimensions of 
rooms, and the positions of doors, chimneys, windows, and beds are 
shown on Plate B,-the plan and dimensions of the second floor on Plate 
C. (For front elevation of building see Plate A.) All of the exterior 
walls will be rough boarded, with inch boarding, well nailed, on which 
will be laid a covering of tar paper or felt. A cistern out of H inch 
dressed stuff, dovetailed and strongly put together with lead, will be 
put over ceiling, when directed, 5 by 5 by 2 feet deep, supplied by a 
pump in sunk cistern through a 1} inch pipe. The roofs of verandas will 
be trimmed with best roofing tin. A 20 by 8 inch galvanized iron venti- 
lating pipe, for ventilation of ward, running between joists, opening 
under floor of veranda, having 2 regulating registers at ends of pipe. 
On the centre of this pipe, on the upper surface, should be an opening 20 
inches square corresponding with a similar opening in the floor of the 
ward, over which a jacketed stove may be placed. 
“In all cases the ground floor must be raised at least 18 inches from 
the ground. On the Gulf coast and in Arizona the wards will not be 
ceiled and will have ridge ventilation their whole length. (The left hand 
ward in the model has been thus constructed). 
“At all posts where continuous artificial heat is required.for three 
months in the year, the wards will be ceiled and have boxed openings 
carried from the centre of the ceiling to the ridge for summer ventila- 
tion. There will be two of these openings, each 10 feet long by 2} feet 
wide, and 10 feet apart, each fitted below with lattice work and above 
with movable shutters. (The right hand ward in the model has been so APPROVED PLAN 
for a 
REGULATION POST HOSPITAL 
of 24 Beds or 12 Beds. 
FIRST STORY PLAN. 
PLATE B. constructed). A ventilating shaft 6 inches square will be placed in each 
earth-closet room, and the lamp or gas burner of this room should be 
directly beneath this shaft.” 
The Hospital Tents. 
The field hospitals of the moving armies during the war of 1861-5 
were usually constructed of hospital tents. In the most general arrange- 
ment, three hospital tents pitched end to end constituted the unit, by the 
repetition of which these hospitals were extended to the necessary 
capacity. Hospital tents were also largely used to provide additional 
accommodations in connection with the great general hospitals. In this 
case four hospital tents pitched end to end very often constituted the 
unit, and a wooden floor was frequently provided. The hospital tents 
thus used were of the regulation pattern used by the Medical Depart- 
ment in time of peace, and were each 15 feet by 14. Three of them 
have been pitched end to end in the manner used during the war, and 
furnished with bedsteads, bedding, etc. 
Holabird’s Tents. 
The three tents pitched, each by itself, are samples of the tent invented 
and patented July 22,1884, by Brig. Gen’l S. B. Holabird, Quartermaster 
General, U. S. Army, viz: 
1 Hospital Tent: 1 Conical Wall Tent; 1 Improved Common Tent. 
The points claimed by the inventor and which he desires to secure by 
letters patent, are: 
“1. A tent having its lower portion divided into several portions 
adapted to be separately lifted and folded. 
“ 2. A tent having a main body and a number of supplemental pieces 
secured to said body and detachably fastened to each other. 
“3. A tent having a main body, a number of supplemental pieces 
secured to said body and detachably fastened to each other, and fasten- 
ing devices for retaining the supplemental pieces in a raised position. 
“4. A tent having its lower portion divided into several portions, one 
portion being provided with looped cords and the adjacent portion with 
eyelets. 
“ 5. The method of fastening the several portions of the tent together 
and to the ground, which consists in passing the loops of the one part through the eyelets of the other part and then through the loop next 
above, and in addition passing the lowest loop over a tent-pin.” 
Tiie Barrack Hospitals of the War of 1861-5. 
These are represented by five models from the Army Medical Museum, 
viz., a model of the barrack ward which served as the unit, by the repe- 
tition of which to the necessary extent the “General Hospitals” were 
formed; and four models representing four of these general hospitals, 
viz: The Lincoln, Hicks, McClellan, and Mower Hospitals. The follow- 
ing descriptions of these models were compiled by the late Surgeon J. J. 
Woodward, U. S. Army. APPROVED PLAN 
for a 
REGULATION POST HOSPITAL 
of 24 Beds or 12 Beds: 
SECOND STORY PLAN. 
PLATE C. 1.—Model of a Barrack Ward. 
This model was constructed by Mr. Charles Seltman, of Washington, 
D. C., and being on the scale of lialf-an-incli to the foot, is 7 ft. inches 
long. All details of framing and construction are faithfully represented, 
except that the roof is hinged, so as to be lifted for the inspection of the 
interior. 
The form of ward represented is that which was finally adopted by 
the War Department in the summer of 1864, as set forth in the follow- 
ing order, which is given in full because it describes not merely the 
barrack ward, but also the general plan of hospital construction, partic- 
ular instances of which are illustrated by the four models described 
below: 
War Department, July 20, 18G4. 
The following instructions are promulgated for the information of officers charged 
with the construction of general hospitals, and will be deviated from only in cases of 
imperative necessity: Buildings will not be'taken or occupied for hospital purposes 
until after full examination and approval by a medical inspector, or other officer 
of the Medical Corps detailed for this purpose; and all alterations will be made 
in accordance with plans submitted by him and approved by the Surgeon-General. 
E. M. STANTON, 
Secretary of War. 
Site.—The site of the hospital should be a well-drained plain, with a subsoil 
of gravel, and sufficiently extensive to accommodate the buildings. The situation 
should be elevated, as remote as possible from marshes or other sources of malaria, 
and must have a convenient supply of pure water. 
Plan.—General hospitals will be constructed on the principle of detached pavil- 
ions, each ward being in a separate building, with beds for sixty patients. Besides 
the wards, there will be detached buildings for each of the following purposes: 
General Administration Building, Dining-room and Kitchen for Patients, Dining- 
room and Kitchen for Officers, Laundry, Commissary and Quartermaster’s Store- 
house, Knapsack-house, Guard-house, Dead-house, Quarters for Female Nurses, 
Chapel, Operating-room, and Stable. The wards, administration building, kitchens, 
dining-rooms, and chapel are to be connected by covered walks, which will have 
floors, but no sides. 
No general plan for the arrangement of the buildings can be directed, as the 
varying character and dimensions of sites render an uniform adherence to any 
one impracticable. Wards may be arranged “ en echelon” in two converging lines, 
forming a V—in this case, the administration building should be at the apex of the 
V, the other buildings between the wings; or as radii from the periphery of a circle, 
ellipse, or rounded oblong—in this case, the administration building should be one 
of the radii, the other buildings within the enclosure; or parallel to each other— 
in this case, the administration building should be in the centre of the row, the other 
buildings in the rear. Other plans may be rendered necessary by the special features 
of the ground. In any case, the important points to be observed are, to place the 
buildings far enough apart, (at least thirty feet should intervene between two par- 
allel buildings,) and to locate them in such a manner that no one shall interfere with 
the ventilation of another. It is preferable to locate the wards so that the long 
diameter may run north and south, or nearly so. PLAN OF WARD 
SIDE ELEVATION 
Ficf.S 
Fig. 4 11 
Each ward will be a ridge-ventilated pavilion 187 by 24 feet. At each extremity, 
two small rooms 9 by 11 feet, one on each side of a passage, 6 feet wide, will be par- 
titioned off. The space remaining for patients will be 165 by 24 feet, see Figure 3, 
A, which gives the location of the beds and position of the doors and windows. 
The small rooms are occupied as follows: Figure 3, a, chief nurse; b, closet for 
medicines, etc.; c, bath-room; d, closet for close stools. Figure 4 is the side eleva- 
tion. 
The wards will be 14 feet high from floor to eaves—the pitch of the roof to vary in 
accordance to the materials composing it. The floor to be elevated at least 18 inches 
from the soil, with free ventilation beneath it. A ward thus constructed will accom- 
modate 60 patients, allowing more than 1,000 cubic feet of air-space to each. The 
number of wards will be regulated by the number of patients the hospital is intended 
to accommodate. A hospital of 1200 beds will require 20 wards. 
Administration Building.—For a hospital of 600 to 1200 beds, this will be a ridge- 
ventilated building, 38 by 132 feet, and two stories high; the first 14 and the second 
12 feet high in the clear. This building contains the general office, office of surgeon 
in charge, linen and store rooms, dispensary, chaplain’s office, lodging-rooms for 
officers, etc. 
Dining-Boom and Kitchen for Patients.—The dining-room will be a ridge-venti- 
lated building, large enough to seat a number equal to two-thirds the number of 
beds. The most convenient form is a long parallelogram, into which the kitchen 
opens in the centre of the long side. The kitchen will be divided into two unequal 
parts—the larger for the preparation of ordinary diet, the smaller for the extra diet 
—the cooking in both to be done on ranges. Where there is an engine, steam may 
be advantageously used for boiling. 
Dining-Boom and Kitchen for Officers.—A small building for this purpose will be 
situated near the administration building. 
Laundry.—A building two stories high, with lodging for the laundresses on the 
second floor. The roof should be flat, with posts for stretching clothes-lines. 
Commissary and Quartermaster Store-Boom.—A small two-story building, fur- 
nished with boxes and shelves for the various parts of the ration—having an ice- 
house connected with it for the preservation of meats and other perishable articles, 
and a room for clothing. The second story to contain lodging-rooms for the cooks. 
Knapsack-House.—A building to receive the effects of the patients while in 
hospital. It will contain as many pigeon-holes, each 2 feet square, as there are beds 
in the hospital. 
Guard-House.—A detached building to lodge the guard, with a guard-room for 
prisoners. 
Dead-House.—A small building containing two apartments, located so as not to be 
observed from the wards, and lighted by sky-lights. 
Quarters for Female Nurses.—-A detached building containing lodging-rooms, 
dining-room, and kitchen for the female nurses 
Chapel.—A detached building, fitted for the purpose of religious services, so 
arranged as to be used also as a library and reading-room. 
Operating-Booms.—Two rooms, each 15 feet square ; one well lighted by sky- 
lights, the other by windows. The first for surgical operations, the second for 
discharge-boards, etc. It should be situated near the administration building. 
Stable.—For ambulance and officers’ horses. 
Water Supply.—Where practicable, a large tank will be erected and kept supplied 
from wells or springs by pumps worked by a steam-engine. The engine, if possible, 
will be situated near the kitchen and laundry, in which case the steam may be made 
serviceable in cooking, and the power may be employed in working the washing and 
mangling machines. 
Sinks.—Where the supply of water is adequate, water-closets may be constructed 
in one of the small rooms in each ward; but where this is not the case, privies will 
be built at a convenient distance from the wards, furnished with water-tight boxes, 
which must be emptied every night. 
Ventilation.—During warm and mild weather the wards will be ventilated by the 
ridge (Figs. 5 and 6,) but during winter the ridge will be closed, (Fig 7,) and ventila- 
tion by shafts substituted. Four stoves will be allowed to a ward, each partly sur- 
rounded by a jacket of zinc or sheet-iron, with an air-box opening beneath it to Fig. 7. 
Fig. 6. 
Fig. 5. 13 
furnish the supply of fresh air. At 8 feet from the stove will be a shaft, properly 
capped, through which the stove-pipe will ascend. Figure 8 gives a section and 
Figure 9 a side view of the arrangement. The shaft should be 18 inches square, and 
should not come below the tie-beams. 
2.—Model of the Lincoln Hospital, Washington, D. C. 
This is a block model, on the scale of 30 feet to the inch, and repre- 
sents the arrangements of the wards and other buildings of this hospital, 
of which the following description was furnished by Surgeon J. C. 
McKee, U. S. A., who was for a long time in charge: 
Lincoln Hospital, Washington, D. C., is located about a mile east of the Capitol 
building. Its site is a gently-undulating, uncultivated plain, without shade-trees. 
East and south Qf the hospital, the plain declines towards the Eastern Branch of the 
Potomac, which is about half a mile distant. The soil is a light sandy loam, resting 
on a deep stratum of gravel. The hospital covers an area of thirty acres of ground, 
and consists of twenty detached pavilion wards, arranged “ en echelon ” in the shape of 
the letter V, the apex of which looks westwardly. The administration building is at 
the apex of the V. The buildings for kitchen, dining-rooms, etc., are in the space 
between the two sides of the letter. The whole is surrounded by a picket-fence, five 
feet high, between which and the wards is a wide road for ambulances. (See Fig- 
ure 8.) 
The Wards are pavilion barracks, built of rough boards, white-washed, with roofs 
of boards covered with tarred paper; they are 20 in number, 10 on each wing. 
Each ward is 187 feet by 24, 16 feet to the eaves and 20 to the ridge, at which there 
is the usual ridge-ventilation the whole length of the ward. They are plastered on 
the inside for about 8 feet above the floor. At the west end of each are 4 rooms, 
occupying 15 feet in length. These are used for clothing, baths, nurses, and sinks. 
Each ward contains 34 windows and 4 doors, one at each end and two in the middle, 
opposite each other. Four ventilating gratings, at regular distances in the floor of 
the ward, communicate by wooden flues under the floor with the air outside, thus 
giving a full supply of fresh air whenever the weather requires the doors and win- 
dows to be closed. With 62 patients, there are 72 square feet of floor and 1447 cubic 
feet of air-space for each. Thirty-one beds are arranged on each side, with a chair 
and bed-side table between each pair. An avenue of 11 feet is left between the two 
rows of beds. The wards are lighted at night by kerosene lamps, and heated by 
stoves in winter. On the inner side of the two wings of the hospital, and running 
the whole length of each, is a raised covered walk or corridor, on which is laid a rail- 
way track 2 feet wide and 2156 feet long. Box-cars convey the food from the main 
and extra kitchens to each ward. 
The Administration building, at the apex of the triangle, is 184 by 38 feet, 22 feet 
to the ridge and 16 to the eaves. A hall, 8 feet wide, runs the entire length of the 
first floor. On the left side of the hall are the following rooms: office of surgeon in 
charge, 14 by 14; office of military assistant, 11 by 14, (employs two clerks;) prin- 
cipal office, 56 by 14, (employs fourteen clerks;) printing-office, 19 by 14, (employs 
two men;) quartermaster’s store-room for clothing, etc., 44 by 14, (employs two 
clerks;) wardmaster’s room, 13J by 14; bath-room, 4f by 14; post-office, 7 by 14, 
(employs a postmaster and assistant.) On the other side of the hall, and on the right 
of the entrance door, are the office of the officer of the day, 15 by 14; office of the 
officer of the guard, 11 by 14, (four clerks;) office of surgical records, 11 by 14, (one 
clerk;) private office of surgeon in charge, 12J by 14; office of medical inspector, 
11 by 14 ; linen-room, 66 by 14; all washed clothing and bed-linen is sent from the 
laundry to this room, and thence distributed to the different wardmasters; one clerk 
and four women are employed here, the latter in mending, etc. The medical store- 
room, 11 by 14, adjoins the dispensary, and is used for storing supplies. The dis- 
pensary, 25 by 14, usually employs four men; the medicines for the whole hospital 
are compounded here, under the charge of a hospital steward. Lastly, the laboratory, Fig. 8.—Ground Plan of Lincoln General Hospital, Washington, D. C. Scale, 200 feet to the inch. 1, Admin- 
istration building. 2 2 2 2, Wards. 3 3, Dining-rooms. 4, Kitchen. 5, Laundry. 6, Stewart’s quarters. 7, 
Sisters’ quarters. 8, Engine-house. 0, Meat-house. 10, Coal-house. 11, Commissary building. 12, Sutler. 
13, Chapel. 14, Stable. 15, Freedmen’s quarters. 16, Guard-house. 17, Dead-house. 18, Barracks for 
guard. 19, 20, Officers’ quarters. 21, Covered way. 22, Tank. 15 
which adjoins the dispensary, is 22 by 14 feet, used for preparing tinctures, oint- 
ments, plasters, etc. 
On the second floor of the administration building is the knapsack-room, 111 by 
37 feet. The effects, accoutrements, etc., of the patients coming into the hospital- 
are deposited in this room for safe keeping. It employs two men, who receive the 
articles deposited, issue tickets for the same, credit them to depositors, and deliver 
them when the patients leave. There are 2184 boxes, arranged.in parallel rows, 
reaching from the floor to the ceiling. Adjoining the knapsack-room is the extra- 
duty men’s room, 50 by 37 feet, used as a sleeping-room by the men employed on 
extra duty, and a clerks’ room, 25 by 23 feet, used by the clerks of the principal 
office for the same purpose. 
Within the triangle formed by the two wings, and east of the administration build- 
ing, is the Tank, resting upon a platform 25 feet high, and holding 12,000 gallons of 
water. It is supplied from a well under the engine-room, and the water forced into 
it by the engine, which drives the machinery of the laundry. This tank supplies 
each ward with water by means of pipes. There are four other wells in the enclo- 
sure, used for drinking and culinary purposes. 
Twenty yards east of the tank is the Laundry, 61 by 24 feet. The building runs 
east and west, is two stories high, and has a platform for drying clothes on the roof. 
Seven men and twelve women are employed in its various departments. The wash- 
ing is done by steam-power, as is also the drying and ironing. The average wash is 
5000 pieces daily—has been pushed to 7000. On the first floor of the laundry is the 
washing apparatus, consisting of a mangle, steam-boiler, revolving drum for wring- 
ing, rinsing-boxes, roller and ironing table; on the second floor is the steam drying- 
room, 36 by 124 feet. This is in addition to the drying arrangements on the roof. 
Separated by a partition from the laundry, on the first floor, is a sleeping-room for 
women, 22 by 24 feet; a kitchen for the same, 94 by 17; a dining-room. by 18. 
The engine is in a building adjoining the laundry on the east; it is of six-horse 
power, and employs one engineer and an assistant. It supplies power for the tank 
as well as for the laundry. The well which supplies the tank is 40 feet deep, with 
usually 4 feet of water; its diameter is 6 feet. The steam pump can raise 2000 
gallons of water per hour. 
The building for Sisters’ Quarters is 23 by 51 feet, with a wing 16 by 28, forming 
a letter “L.” It is divided into chapel, sitting-room, kitchen, etc. Twenty-eight 
Sisters of Charity were on duty, and I must bear evidence to their efficiency and su- 
periority as nurses. The extra-diet kitchen is under the care of a sister, and one is 
detailed by the superior for each ward. They administer medicine, diet, and stimu- 
lants, are under the orders of the ward surgeon, and are responsible to him alone. 
They have been beloved and respected by the men. 
The Stewards' Quarters are 18 feet north of the engine-room, are two stories high 
—contain dining-room, kitchen, sleeping-rooms, etc. Five stewards generally occupied 
this building. 
The Operating-room is 25 feet east of the engine-room. It is 17 feet square, and 
lighted by a skylight on the north side of the roof. A revolving-table is in the centre 
of the room; also a cupboard for instruments, sponges, microscope, etc., with a 
sink in the northwest corner. The Examining-room adjoining it is 17 feet 7 inches 
square, and communicates by a door with the operating-room. 
The Extra-Diet Kitchen is under the same roof with the general kitchen. It is 18 
by 21 feet—has in it a Harrison’s European range, 8 feet front, 3 feet 6 inches deep. 
A room 18 by 12 feet adjoins on the south. This kitchen is under the supervision 
of a sister, who is generally assisted by from four to six men. 
The Main Kitchen is 77 by 24 feet. It contains a cooking-range, 28 feet 10 inches 
long and 3 feet 2 inches wide ; also three of “Peters’ and Johnson’s bake-ovens or 
roasters,” two boilers for tea and coffee, each with a capacity of 120 gallons, five 
boilers or cauldrons for soup or hash, (60 gallons each,) and two for heating water, 
(one 60 gallons, the other 22 gallons.) Full diet is prepared here for all the men in 
the hospital. 
On either side of the kitchen, opening from it north and south, are the Dining- 
rooms, each 146 by 24 feet, with three tables running the whole length of each, capa- 
ble of seating in all 860 men. At the distal end of each room a door opens on a 
corridor and raised walk, so that the patients are protected from the weather in 16 
coming to their meals. Cars, with cans fitted in them, are run around the corridors 
to the several wards with the food for those unable to come to the dining-room. 
On the northwest corner of the kitchen is a room 30 feet long, If feet wide, and 
10 feet high, used for washing dishes, roasting coffee, etc. From 40 to 50 men are 
usually employed in the various departments of the kitchen. 
Opposite the centre of the northern dining-room and distant to the west 30 feet, 
is the Fire- Engine and Hose-House, 26 by 20 feet—contains one fire-engine, three 
hose-carriages, carrying 1850 feet of hose, 34 ladders, 22 hooks, 278 axes, and 300 
buckets. 
Thirteen feet south of the kitchen is the Meat-shop, 14J by 23. In its centre is an 
ice-box, 34 by 14.j-, and 4 feet deep, lined with zinc. The allowance of ice per day 
is one pound for each man. 
East of the kitchen, and connected by a covered way, is the Commissary Building, 
which is two stories high; the upper story is used to lodge attendants ; the lower 
story, used for commissary store-room, is 82 by and is under a commissary 
steward. In the northeastern corner is the liquor-room, by 13, heavily planked 
and secured against marauders. All liquor is issued here on the orders of the ward 
surgeons. The vegetable room is in the northwestern corner, and is 9 by 134. An 
office, 9 by 15Jr, adjoins the liquor-room. The books and accounts are kept in this 
office. The store-room is provided with a counter 524 feet long, and gives employ- 
ment to one steward, one clerk, and two men. At the southern end is the bread- 
room, 144 by 23, which employs two men cutting bread for the tables. Adjoining, 
on the east, is the bakery, 14 by 23j. The oven is 10 by 16 feet. 
The Chapel is situated 63 feet east of the commissary building. It is a structure 
shaped like the letter “T,” one story in height, with a cupola on top. The main 
building is 24 by 78 feet. The northern end is used during the week as a reading- 
room. The left wing, 18 by 26 feet, is used as a library ; it contains 3,000 volumes, 
contributed to the hospital from various sources. The right wing is the same size, 
and is used as a school for the freedmen employed in the hospital, who are instructed 
by two female teachers. 
Twenty-four feet south of the chapel is the Sutler's Store, 24 by 68. The Stahles, 
25 by 101, are 72 feet east of the sutler’s shop; they contain 18 horses, 3 wagons, 3 
ambulances, 3 carts, and 1 night-cart. Thirteen men are employed as hostlers, 
drivers, etc. One hundred and twenty-one feet northeast of the stables is the Guard- 
House, 15 by 47 and one story high. South of this are the Oil-Boom and Freedmen's 
Quarters, 29 by 69 feet. The oil and lamp room is in the northern part. Kerosene 
oil was used in lighting the whole hospital, and all the lamps were filled and trimmed 
in this room. A corporal and two men were employed. Ninety-one feet southeast 
of the oil-room is the Dead-House, 15 by 40 feet. It is divided into two rooms—the 
northern one used in making post-mortem examinations, and the southern for 
plaster-casts, etc. Thirty-two feet south of this room is the Photographic Gallery, 
16 by 24 feet. An operator is employed at $100 per month, paid from the slush 
fund. Surgical cases, pathological specimens, etc., are taken; also likenesses of all 
men discharged on surgeon’s certificate of disability, as a guard against fraud. On 
the base line of the triangle are the Medical Officers' Quarters, 63 by 24 and two 
stories in height; also, in the same line, the quarters for the Veteran Reserve Corps, 
a building two stories high, with an outside entrance-stairway to the second floor. 
Ninety feet further back, 100 hospital tents are pitched, placed four end to end, on 
substantial frames, with floors raised from the ground and a door at each end of the 
frame. The sides of these tents were always easily raised, and gave the best of 
ventilation; hence I selected some of them as gangrene-wards, and, I think, with 
the very best results. In winter, each ward was heated by two stoves, with pipes 
running to a shaft in the centre. Each ward of four tents contained 20 beds. The 
length of the fence around the hospital is 1458 yards. The distance of the fence 
from the tents at the base of the triangle is 124 feet. Sinks were arranged around 
the whole line of fence. They had movable boxes, which were regularly emptied 
and limed. Policing was done by a gang of about 20 freedmen. The hospital could 
accommodate 1240 patients in the 20 barrack wards. Its total capacity in January, 
1865, was 2575 beds, including those in tents and the branch barracks, a short 
distance off. Fig. 9.—Ground Plan of Hicks’ General Hospital, Baltimore, Mb. Beale, 180 feet to the inch. 1111. Wards. 2. Administration building. 
3. Linen-room, etc. 4. Dispensary and operating-room. 5. Dining-hall. 6. Kitchen and laundry. 7. Ward for detailed men. 8. Knapsack- 
room. 9. Commissary store-house. 10. Quartermaster's store-house. 11. Tank. 12. Quarters for guard. 13. Stable. 14. Wagon-house. 
15. Sutler. 16. Steward’s quarters. 17, 18. Officers’ houses (Of whi eh, also, there are several not in the figure.) 19. Guard-room. 20. Guard- 
house, near entrance gate. 21. Work-shop. 22. Contagion ward; 1 his is farther distant than is represented in the figure. The wards, dining- 
room, and administration building are connected by a covered way, which is indicated by faint lines in the plan. This hospital was opened December 23, 1862, and closed August 22, 1865. During 
this period the movements of patients were as follows : 
Prisoners of War- 
Total 
White troops 
to 
''J 
00 
H 
Sick. 
> 
0 
g 
H 
H 
W 
0 
00 
o 
vO OO 
VO Oi 'O 
Wounded. 
VO 
H 0 
OJ M to 
OJ 00 00 
Total. 
3565 
o\ 
Returned from furlough 
and desertion. 
VO 
M 
OJ H^VO 
Aggrbgate. 
vo 
Returned to 
duty and mus- 
tered out. 
w 
w 
(/) 
d 
tr* 
H 
(fl 
0 
OJ 
OJ 
vo 
vo 4k. 
•M»H 
Sent to general 
hospital. 
4^ 
8 
8 
Furloughed. 
VO 
to 
VO 
Transferred to 
Veteran Re- 
serve Corps. 
GO 
ui 
O 
OJ 
Discharged. 
VO* 
u> 
to 
00 
o\ 
Deserted. 
1221 
Ov 
0 
Ch 
0 
Died. 
Deducting those sent to general hospital as cases not terminated, and considering 
that furloughed and deserted amounted to 4686, while only 3565 of these are reported 
as returned from furlough and desertion, we shall have the following statistics for the 
terminated cases of white troops treated : 
Total to be accounted for, excluding those sent,to other hospitals, 10,817; of whom 
6339 were returned to duty, 852 mustered out of service at the close of the war, 
1121 lost by desertion and failure to return from furlough, 1053 discharged for 
disability, 392 transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, and 1060 died. 
3.—Model of the Hicks’ Hospital, Baltimoke, Md. 
This is a block model on the scale of 30 feet to the inch. The fol- 
lowing description of the hospital is taken from circular No. 6, Sur- 
geon-General’s Office, Nov. 1, 1865: 
The Hicks’ Hospital is situated on the continuation of Townsend street, in the 
western suburbs of Baltimore, near the city boundary. It was opened for the recep- 
tion of patients June 9, 1865, and is therefore one of the most recently constructed 
hospitals. The plan was essentially the circular one referred to above, p. 9, but 
many important improvements and additions were devised by Surgeon Thomas Sim, 
U. S. Vols., under whose supervision the details of the plan were prepared. The 
original design contemplated a circular hospital, built on the War Department plan, 
with thirty-six radiating pavilion wards, each to accommodate 60 patients. The ap- 
proach of the end of the war, however, prevented this from being executed, and the 
hospital, as completed, is a semi-circle, in which the wards radiate from a covered 
way. It is, however, both on account of the substantial character of the wooden 
buildings and the numerous conveniences which have been carefully supplied, one 
of the most complete of the hospitals built during the war. (See Fig. 9.) 
The wards are built and ventilated as directed in the circular from the War De- 
partment. The administration building is 132 by 38 feet and two stories high; the 
first story contains offices for the surgeon in charge, executive officer, quartermaster, 
commissary, and their clerks; it also contains the hospital library and printing 
office. On the second floor are sleeping apartments for officers. This building is 
flanked on each end by a smaller one, 70 by 28 feet, one of which contains the linen- 
room and post-office, with the officers’ dining-room, kitchen, and pantry. The other 
contains the dispensary, medical store-rooms, room of the discharge board, and an 
operating-room lighted by a skylight. The dining-room building is 187 by 48 feet, and is two stories high. The dining-room, which is on the first floor, is capable of 
seating about 1,200 patients. The second floor, which is accessible by stairs on the 
outside, is occupied by the chapel and by dormitories for female nurses. At the end of 
the dining-rooni is a T-shaped building for kitchen and laundry. The general 
kitchen, extra-diet kitchen, and bakery occupy separate apartments; the former two 
each contains a suitable range and steam fixtures, the latter two bake-ovens. The 
laundry has a separate room for drying by steam, and immediately adjoins the en- 
gine-room, which is at the extremity of the building. There are, besides the fore- 
going, separate buildings for knapsack-room, quartermaster’s store-house, commis- 
sary store-house, quarters for detailed men, barracks for guard, workshop, contagion 
ward, dead-house, stewards’ quarters, and quarters for married officers. The build- 
ings are plastered inside, are lighted by gas, to be warmed in the winter by stoves, 
and receive their water supply by pipes from the city water-works, besides which 
there is a tank for the purpose of keeping a stock of water constantly on hand in 
case of fire. For the purpose of extinguishing fire, there is abundant hose to fit the 
steam-pump. There are also water-buckets, axes, etc. At the distal end of each 
ward is a lavatory and bath-room and a water-closet. Each bath-room has in it a 
small stove, on which is a boiler for the supply of hot water. In the water-closets 
the excretions are received in troughs, into which a stream of water runs, and which 
are emptied by withdrawing a plug several times daily. They discharge into sewers 
constructed for the purpose, which carry all offensive matters entirely away from the 
hospital. 
This hospital was opened for patients June 9, 1865 ; and closed March 31, 1866. 
The total number of white soldiers received up to this date was 1275, of whom 1011 
were sick and 264 wounded. Of these, 404 were transferred to other general hospitals. 
The number of terminated cases, therefore, was 871, who are thus accounted for: 
Total to be accounted for, excluding those transferred to other hospitals, 871; of 
whom 184 were returned to duty, 447 mustered out of service at the close of the 
war, 69 lost by desertion and failure to return from furlough, 119 discharged for 
disability, 2 transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, and 50 died. 
Besides the above, 290 colored soldiers were admitted, of whom 19 died. 
4.—Model of the McClellan Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. 
This is a block-model, on a scale of 30 feet to the inch. It was con- 
structed, as was the model of the Mower Hospital, described below, by 
Mr. John McArthur, of Philadelphia, the architect by whom the plans 
for the construction of these hospitals were prepared. The following 
description is condensed from an inspection report by Medical Inspector 
John L. Le Conte, U. S. A.: 
The McClellan Hospital is located on a portion of the old Logan estate, named 
Stenton, situated on the Germantown turnpike, within four miles of Philadelphia. 
The ground upon which the hospital stands is a plateau, which slopes gently and 
regularly to Wingahocking creek. 
This small creek has a succession of little falls and ripples, -which, within the dis- 
tance of half a mile, makes a descent of twenty-five feet or more. This creek 
provides one of the great requirements of a hospital—admirable drainage. 
The hospital buildings were turned over to the Government on February 5), 1863. 
They are constructed entirely of wood, boarded outside and inside, the joints oh the 
outside being battened. (See Fig. 10.) 
The plan of the hospital is as follows: 18 wards radiate from a corridor 15 feet 
wide, arranged in the form of a parallelogram, with rounded extremities. In this 
corridor rails are placed, on which food-cars carry meals from the general kitchen to 
the doors of the wards. The wards are each 175 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 13 feet 
high to the eaves, with a pitch of 5 feet from the apex of the roof. Each ward con- 
tains 61 beds: 60 in the ward proper, and 1 in the ward-master’s room. 5 beds out 
of the 61 are intended to be occupied by the nurses and attendants, thus leaving 56 
beds for patients in each ward. It may be stated, however, that most of the nurse Fig.—10. Ground Plan of McClellan Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. Scale, 125 feet to thi inc 1 1 1 1. Wards. 2 2. Corridors. 3. Quartermasters building. 4. Engine-house. 
5. Kitchen building. 6. Stable. 7. Commissary building. 8. Administration build ng. 'J.Officers’ quarters. 10. Cess-pool." 11. Germantown; avenue. 12 Section through 
end of ward. , duty, &e., is performed by convalescents, who are really patients in the hospital. 
The greatest capacity of the hospital proper is 1098 beds. The present capacity of 
the hospital, however, is much greater, 200 beds having been placed in the corridors, 
and 800 in hospital tents pitched in the hospital grounds, thus making the total 
number of beds upwards of 2000. Each ward has a dining-room and pantry at its 
inner extremity next the corridor, and a ward-master's room, lavatory, water-closet, 
and bath-room at its outer extremity. 
In addition to these, small galleries have been put up in the outer extremities of 
the wards, covering the entries, &c., for the purpose of stowing away articles that 
might otherwise encumber the wards. In the ward-master’s room are closets for 
placing the ward clothing, and in the extremity of the entry dividing the above little 
offices large closed boxes have been constructed for receiving soiled clothing. Dress- 
ing closets, boxes, and cupboards have been added from time to time to facilitate the 
working of the wards and provide every convenience for the inmates. Each ward is, 
in fact, a complete hospital within itself, except kitchen and dispensary. 
The Commissary building is situated on the western front of the hospital. It is 
111 feet long, 21 feet wide, and 25 feet high. It contains in the lower story two 
store-rooms, an ice-house and meat-room, cellar for keeping ale, porter, and 
milk, offices for the commissary steward, mess-room for the hospital stewards, and 
paint-shop. On the second floor it contains 2 knapsack-rooms, an office, bath-room, 
and dormitory. 
The Quartermaster's building is situated on the western front of the hospital. It 
is 111 feet long, 24 feet wide, and 25 feet high, and contains 2 store-rooms well pro- 
vided with shelving, an office, dormitory, and green-room on the first floor; on the 
second floor, a store-room, guard-barracks, and prison room. 
The Engine-house is one story high, and is situated on the western front of the 
hospital, between the Quartermaster’s building and laundry. It is 40 feet long, 19 
feet wide, and 17 feet high. There is a small additional building attached to it, used 
as coal-bins, with a capacity of 20 tons. Fourteen feet of the main building is par- 
titioned off for engineers’ quarters, leaving the boiler-room 26 by 19 feet. There is 
a bench with vice attached, and all the necessary tools for making repairs. There 
are 2 tubular boilers, locomotive pattern, 10 feet long, with 38 two-inch tubes. The 
draft is through underground flues leading to the smoke-stack; the stack is 45 feet 
high. The boilers are 10-horse power each, and supply the steam for bathing, cook- 
ing, and washing purposes, and for running 2 steam pumps, 1 of 5-horse power, used 
in case of fire; the other, a 10-horse power pump, for supplying the building with 
water from the wells. 
The Kitchen building is situated at the middle of the western front of the hospital. 
It is 172 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 28i high, and is composed of 2 stories. The 
Laundry is situated at its western extremity. The cooking-room is 90 feet long; a 
small store-room is attached to it, and it is well provided with sinks, hot and cold 
water, cupboards, closets, &c. The arrangements are ample and convenient for the 
original capacity of tbe hospital, but the tent-wards have special cooking arrange- 
ments. I he cooking in the general kitchen is done by means of 2 large ranges 2 
cooking-stoves, and 2 double-jacketed steam-boilers. ’ 
lhe laundiy is <4 feet long. It is well furnished, and the washing accommoda- 
tions are ample, there being 24 stationary wash-tubs, each having 2 faucets 1 for 
cold water, the other for the steam with which it is heated. There are 2 large steam- 
boilers for boiling clothes and making soap. The laundry contains also an office for 
the chief matron, a drying-room, ironing-room, and the room for dirty clothing- 
above the laundry, in the second story, is the linen-room. The whole laundry is 
divided from the kitchen by a 6-foot entry. Five thousand pieces of clothing per 
week have been washed in the laundry, with an average of 25 washing women. 
. u be added, however, that a considerable amount of clothing has now to be 
issued to laundries outside of the hospital. Over the kitchen and laundry are dor- 
mitories for the employes of those departments. 
'lhestable is also situated at the western front of the hospital, between the laundry 
and commissary building. It is convenient and comfortable, having stalls for four 
horses, carriage-house, and mow above capable of holding 10,000 lbs. of straw. 
- 1 h(i/ rlnUn9 and Paint shop are on the first floor of the commissary build- 
ing; the former' is furnished with a small press, with chase 9 by 11 inches. It is 
well supplied with type and all printing appliances. All the printing of the hospital is done here. The paint shop is a small room next the printing office. It is well 
supplied with painting materials. 
• A small building has been constructed north of the commissary building, to be 
used as a Carpenters' shop. All the necessary repairs for the hospital are prepared 
here. 
The Officers' quarters are situated at the eastern front of the hospital, and are well 
located, convenient, and pleasant. The building is 2 stories in height, with 7 cham- 
bers, kitchen, bath-room, and water-closet on the first floor, and 7 chambers, bath- 
room, and water-closet on the second. 
The Doi'mitories for Cooks and Matrons are situated over the kitchen and laundry. 
The guard are quartered in hospital tents. 
The Administration building is situated in the middle of the centre oval, and is. 
connected with the main corridor and officers’ quarters by a transverse corridor run-, 
ning at right angles to the long diameter of the oval. In it are situated most of the, 
offices of the hospital, viz: The offices of the surgeon in charge, executive officer, 
assistant executive officer, military assistant, general office for clerks, reception-room 
for officer of the day, officers’ mess-room, dispensary, and store-room. The offices 
are all small; but being centrally situated, are very convenient to all parts of the 
hospital. 
The dispensary is well arranged and ample. 
The Knapsack-room is on the second floor of the commissary building. It is pro- 
vided with boxes for every bed, and is conveniently arranged. Each ward has metal 
checks, with the number of the ward and number of the bed stamped upon them. 
When patients are received these checks are placed upon their baggage, and it is then 
stored away in the appropriate boxes. 
The water of the hospital is supplied by the Germantown water-works. The 
water bills are all estimated on the basis of 30 gallons per diem for each inmate of 
the hospital. Wells are now being dug, which it is supposed will supply all the 
water needed. Two of the wells are already constructed, and about 8,000 gallons, 
per day are pumped from them. The water from the wells is of very good quality. 
The water is distributed through the hospital by means of galvanized-iron pipes, 
and in case of accident or fire two main reserve tanks, with a capacity of 30,000 
gallons, are kept filled to supply deficiencies. 
Over the northern and southern portions of the corridor are placed 2 large tanks, 
with a capacity of 3800 gallons eafch, the water in which is heated by steam; these 
supply the hot-water for bathing, pantry, and other purposes. 
A similar tank of the same size, heated by steam, is placed over the kitchen, to 
supply it with hot-water. 
The drainage of the hospital is arranged as follows: One line of 12-inch ti’e pipe 
surrounds the whole of the hospital buildings, just outside of the line of the fence, 
with 4-inch pipes leading into the same from the lavatories, bath-rooms, and water- 
closets of each ward. Another line of 12-inch pipe surrounds the inner ova: at the 
margin of the corridor, with 4-inch pipes leading into it from the kitchen sinks*-, laun- 
dry, wash-tubs, and water-closets, both 12-inch mains connect on the south' astern 
portion of the hospital, and empty into a cess-pool about 150 yards in the rear. The 
cess-pool is 20 feet in diameter. The overflow from it is led by means of a drainage 
tile into the Wingahocking creek. The solid materials are cleaned out from lime to 
time as the pool becomes filled. 
Ventilation, Heating, &c.—Each building is furnished with ridge ventilation, and 
in the wards there are also floor ventilators between the windows, capable of being 
closed by sliding frames. The openings are flush with the floor and 8 inches square; 
there are 27 to each ward. The openings in the ridge are covered by falling shut- 
ters, which are elevated and lowered by pulleys. 
The hospital is heated by 256 stoves ; these are watched at night during tl e cold 
season by an organized fire-guard, the same guard doing duty in the wards and corri- 
dors as watchers during the warm weather 
The hospital is lighted by gas from the Germantown gas-works. 
The water-closets are 9 feet 5 inches long by 6 feet wide. The apparatus consists 
of a cast-iron sink 9 feet long and 12 inches wide, covered by a board pierced with 
5 holes; a faucet supplies the water, and a trap removes it whenever it becomes 
necessary. 
Each ward has also a cast-iron drip or sink for washing dishes and other work. Fio. 11.—Ground Plan of Mowf.r Hospital , Philadelphia 1 a- s ■ e, 195 feet to ; he inch. 1111. Ward.' 2. Reception-room, laundry, 
Ac. In the building between this and 12 is the kitcl'en- &c- Knapsack-r tom, band quarters, Ac. 4. Store-rooms, Ac. 5. Operat- 
ing-room. 6. Butcher’s shop. 7. Guard-house. 8. poolers, c () 9 gut er. 10. Carpenter’s shop. 11. Chapel. 12. Administra- 
tion building. 18. Ice-house. 14, 15. Railroad ])ex)ts- ‘'*> 1 Corridors. 18 18. L-shaped buildings used as barracks, store- 
rooms, Ac. The apparatus for subduing fire consists of 2000 feet of 21-inch india-rubber 
hose, with couplings complete, 8 fire-plugs, and one 5-horse power force pump. 
Two large reserve tanks, holding 30,000 gallons of water, are placed over the main 
corridor, on brick walls, for the purpose of furnishing an extra amount of water 
should the supply from the main be insufficient. 
In addition to the above, each ward has a 20-foot section of inch hose, with coup- 
lings and branch pipe, that can be attached in a moment to a small plug in the 
water-closet. Each ward has also in the dining-room a fire-axe, and three fire-buck- 
ets kept constantly filled. It has been stated before that an organized fire-guard 
patrols the hospital at night. 
This hospital was opened March 12, 1863, and closed July 30, 1865. During this 
period the movements of patients were as follows: 
T otal 
White troops.. 
o\ 
04 <CO 
4- tO 
Sick. 
Admitted. 
00 
0 
to Ol 
(Jl4 H 
Wounded. 
VO 
ON 
tO 04 04 
Ol 0004 
Total. 
VO 
. 'O 
Returned from furlough and 
desertion. 
o 
to 04 oT 
Ol 00 to 
Aggregate. 
4? 
00 
04 
04 VO 
cooi oi 
Returned to duty. 
Results. 
■o 
0 
o 
Mustered out. 
00 
04 
vo H CO 
Sent to other general 
hospital. 
04 
vo 
to 
VO 
Furloughed. 
w 
JJ 
Transferred to Veteran 
Reserve Corps. 
§ 
to CO 
Discharged. 
£ 
£ 
Deserted. 
Died of disease. 
4*. 
4* 
CO 
'on 
Died of Wounds. 
Deducting those sent to other hospitals as cases not terminated, and considering 
that the furloughed and deserted amounted to 3883, while only 3119 of these are 
reported as having returned, we shall have the following statistics for the terminated 
cases of ichite troops treated : 
Total to be accounted for, excluding those sent to other hospitals, 5795; of whom 
3395 were returned to duty, 720 were mustered out of service at the close of the 
war, 764 lost by failure to return from furlough and desertion, 698 discharged for 
disability, 111 transferred to the Veteran Beserve Corps, and 107 died. 
5.—Model of the Mower Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. 
This is a block-model on the scale of 30 feet to the inch. The follow- 
ing description is condensed from an inspection report by Medical 
Inspector John L. Le. Conte, U. S. A.: 
The Mower Hospital is situated on an elevated plateau in the village of Chestnut 
Hill, about 9 miles north of the city of Philadelphia. It is on the eastern side of the 
railroad, and trains from Philadelphia pass every two hours. The total capacity of 
the hospital is 3600 beds. 
It is constructed of wood in the best manner, lined with smooth planks on the in- 
side, and lathed and plastered on the outside. It consists of 50 pavilions, radiating 
from a corridor of a rectangular form, with rounded angles. The corridor is 10 feet 
wide and 2400 feet long, enclosing a space of 7 acres. The Administration Building 
is located in the centre of the enclosed space. This building is connected with the 
wards by a transverse corridor. (See Fig. 11.) 
A third corridor connects the entrance to the hospital with the administration 
building, thus dividing the enclosure into three sections. Within the enclosure are 
the chapel and Bible-class room, laboratory, carpenter’s shop, dining-room for at- 
tendants, boiler-room, general and extra-diet kitchen, butcher’s-house, milk-house, 
operating-room, and dead-house, guard-house, and sutler’s shop. In the rear and on each side of the hospital are two buildings, each in the form of 
the letter L, and each connected with body of hospital by means of a corridor. 
One-half of the one located on the northeastern extremity of hospital is used as a 
barracks for convalescents. The lower floor of the other half is occupied by the 
Quartermaster's and Medical Purveyor's stores, while the upper floor is used for 
offices and quarters of officers of Veteran Reserve Corps. 
One-half of the other L-shaped building, which is situated in the northwestern ex- 
tremity of hospital, is used as barracks for the non-commissioned officers and privates 
of the Veteran Reserve Coups, the other half as a dining-room for the occupants of 
both barracks. 
Forty-seven of the pavilions are used as wards for patients. Each pavilion is 175 
feet long, 20 feet wide, 13 feet high to the eaves, and 19 feet to the ridge. The 
Dining-room at the entrance to each ward is 10 by 20 feet; the Scullery adjoining, 8 
by 10 feet. At the opposite end of building is a ward-master’s room 10 by 12 feet, a 
Wash-room 8 by 10 feet, Water-closet 12 by 6 feet, and in an adjoining building, 10 
by 12 feet, a Bath-room. 
The ward proper is 150 by 20 feet. Each ward contains 61 beds. The offices are 
located in the Administration building, on the first floor. In addition to those be- 
longing to the surgeon in charge, there is an executive office and an office for the 
transaction of the general business of the hospital. 
Adjoining the general office is the dispensary, 14A by 60 feet, with a Store-room in 
the rear 29 by 30 feet. Opposite the general office is the Medical Officers' mess-room 
14 by 79 feet. 
The second story is divided into 32 rooms, used as quarters for Medical Officers. 
The Operating-room is in a separate building, 25 by 40 feet, situated to the right of 
the corridor connecting the entrance with the administration building. This build- 
ing is divided into two rooms. The rear room is a lecture-room, containing seats for 
100 persons, where all operations are performed. This room contains closets for in- 
struments, dressings, &c., and the medical library and pathological cabinet of the 
hospital. The front room, 13 by 25 feet, is used as a Dead-house, and contains all the 
conveniences for post-mortem examinations, and a vault 8 feet long, 4 feet wide, 
and 12 feet deep, with windlass and dumb-waiter, for the reception of deceased sol- 
diers preparatory to their burial. 
Near the operating room is the Quard-house, which is strongly built, and contains 
a room 20 by 15 feet, for the guards, and six small cells for prisoners; it is also pro- 
vided with a water-closet. Alongside of the guard-house is the Sutler's shop, 16 by 
50 feet, connecting by a passage way with the main corridor. 
The pavilion to the right of the entrance is divided into 3 rooms ; the front and 
largest is used as a Knapsack-room; the two smaller ones are used by the band. 
The pavilion on the left of the entrance is two stories high. On the lower floor is 
the reception-room, mess-room for stewards, closets, &c., and the Laundry. The 
second story is used as a Barracks for Attendants. The pavilion next on the left 
of this is used for the commissary stores, bread-room, and quarters for stewards. 
On the left of corridor connecting the entrance with the administration building is 
the General Kitchen, 30 by 110 feet. It contains three large-sized hotel ranges, and 
three London kitcheners, eight double-jacketed steam kettles for soup, and three 
large-sized cooking-stoves. At one end of the kitchen is the steward’s room and 
pantry, and the other the surgeon’s kitchen. In the rear of the general kitchen is 
the boiler-room, 29 by feet, containing two large boilers, a steam force-pump 
and fire-engine. On the left of the general kitchen is a large Dining-room, 150 by 
30 feet, for attendants, the Carpenter's shop, 20 by 50 feet, and the Chapel, 60 by 75 
feet, the latter connected with main corridor by means of a passage way. The 
chapel is used as a Reading-room by the patients during week-days, and contains a 
Library of 2400 books. In the rear of the chapel is a Bible-class room, 25 by 30 
feet. 
In the angle formed by the union of main corridor with corridor leading from 
chapel are the Post-office and Barber shop. To the right of the corridor connecting 
entrance with the administration building is the extra-diet Kitchen, 30 by 30 feet, 
containing one large London kitchener complete. The Milk-house and Butcher shop 
are also on the right of the corridor. 
The supply of water is received from the Chestnut Hill water-works into four large 
tanks, in the second story of the administration building, capable of holding 18,000 gallons each, and into two Targe tanks at the junction of the transverse with the 
main corridor, which hold 15,000 gallons each. 
The sewerage consists of two large drains, one extending around the outside of the 
hospital, which is a brick culvert 20 by 30 inches in diameter, into which the water- 
closets, wash-rooms, and bath-rooms of the wards empty. The second runs outside of 
the corridor but within the enclosure, and is a drain of terra-cotta pipe 14 inches in 
diameter, which carries off the waste water from the sculleries of the wards. Empty- 
ing into this smaller drain are others leading from the different buildings of the hos- 
pital. Both these drains unite at the southeastern extremity of the hospital, forming 
one large sewer, which empties its liquid contents into a creek distant from hospital 
lialf-a-mile. The solid contents of sewer are removed once every four months. 
The hospital is ventilated by the “ridge” method, and by square holes through 
the sides of the wards flush with the floor. It is heated by coal stoves, and lighted 
by gas. 
The hospital is well supplied with all necessary apparatus for subduing fire. The 
enclosure is divided into four districts, and each district and ward is connected with 
the administration building by means of a telegraph. In case of fire, the alarm is 
struck by pulling the wire in the corridor, the bell striking the number correspond- 
ing with the number of the district in which the fire exists. 
There is one hose-carriage in each fire quarter, and each district is well supplied 
with hose, fire-buckets, fire-axes, and ladders. A well organized fire-brigade exists 
in the hospital, the members of which are drilled regularly three times a week. 
The tanks inside of the corridor and outside within the enclosure are constantly 
kept filled with water. 
This hospital was opened December 24, 1862, and closed November 14, 1865. Dur- 
ing this period the movements of patients were as follows : 
White troops 
Colored troops 
Total 
00 
VD 
tO VO 
to 
Sick. 
j Admitted. 
8 
Cn 
J 
**0 vj 
Wounded. 
CO 
OJ 
00 
vo 
Total. 
£ I • £ 1 Returned from furlough and 
iS | • iS | desertion. 
w 
o 
w 
ON 
OJ vo 
vo H 
Aggregate. 
gOIOI 
o 
0 
to On 
Returned to duty. 
Results. 
VO 
VO 
o 
VO 
OO 
M VO 
Mustered out. 
CO 
VO 
-*• 
-gb 1 Sent to other general 
Ss'Sk 1 hospital. 
£ : eg Furloughed. 
VO 1 • vo 1 
00 
ON 
• m 1 Transferred to Veteran 
: 1 Reserve Corps. 
S j w S I Discharged. 
1 vj 1 
& 
i & 
Deserted. 
j .£ 1 Died of Disease. 
W 1 OJ 00 1 
: 
: 
Died of wounds. 
Deducting those sent to other general hospitals as cases not terminated, and con- 
sidering that the furloughed and deserted amounted to 6194, while only 4457 of 
these are reported as having returned, we shall have the following statistics for the 
terminated cases of white troops treated : 
Total to be accounted for, excluding those sent to other hospitals, 16,956 ; of whom 
10,106 were returned to duty, 1989 mustered out of service at the close of the war, 
1737 lost by failure to return from furlough and desertion, 1937 discharged for 
disability, 865 transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps, and 322 died. Front Elevation. 
DRAWING OF THE MODEL OF THE REGULATION U. S. A. POST HOSPITAL OF 24 BEDS. 
PLATE A The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial j Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
Medical Department, inited States Army. 
EXHIBIT-CLASS 3. 
No. 2. 
DESORIPTIOIT 
OF THE 
Models of Hospital Steam-Vessels 
FROM THE U. S. ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 
BY THE I.ATE 
Surgeon J. J. WOODWARD, U. S. Army. 
HENRY MeEL DERRY, 
Assistant Surgeon, U S. A., 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT,, V. S. . 
New Orleans, La., 1884-85. Tie World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-’85. 
Medical iepaitmcrif, inifed States Army. 
EXHIBIT—CLASS 3. 
No. 2. 
DESCRIPTION 
OF THE # 
Models of Hospital Steam-Vessels 
FROM THE U. S. ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 
BY THE LATE 
Surgeon J. J. WOODWARD, U. S. Army. 
HENRY McELDERRY, 
Assistant Surgeon, U S. A 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, TJ. 8. A. 
Hew Orleans, La., 1884-85. Tie World’s Industrial and Gotten Centennial Exposition. 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-’85. 
Medical Department, United States Army, 
EXHIBIT. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE MODELS OF HOSPITAL STEAM-VESSELS, 
From the U. S. Army Medical Museum, 
WASHINGTON, ZD. C. 
These models are intended to illustrate the plans actually employed 
during the war of 1861-5 for adapting the ordinary steamboats of the 
interior rivers of the United States, and the merchant steam-vessels of 
the Atlantic coast, to the transportation of sick and wounded soldiers. 
It wTas, of course, on the Mississippi river and its tributaries, in the 
rear of the great western armies, that the methods of fitting up river- 
boats were brought to the greatest perfection. The military operations 
in the Mississippi valley, during the greater part of the war, were so 
related to these streams that they offered the most convenient and eco- 
nomical routes of transportation, and the numerous large river-steam- 
boats, which in times of peace are occupied in transporting merchandise 
and passengers on these waters, required comparatively little alteration 
to convert them into commodious hospital-boats, well adapted to the 
transportation of the sick and wounded. 
From the capacious dimensions of these boats, and their smooth 
motion through the waters of the broad streams on which they floated, 
this method of transportation undoubtedly secured greater comfort to 
the patients than was possible in the case of the railroads, or of coast- 
wise transportation. Indeed, on emergencies, as after battles, these 
boats often served, without any special fitting up, to convey the wounded 
in comparative comfort to the base hospitals. But early in the war 
several of the most spacious and commodious of the Mississippi river 
passenger steamboats were specially devoted to the service of the sick and wounded, and were specially fitted up as hospital-boats, or indeed 
it may be said as floating hospitals ; placed under the command of a 
surgeon in charge, and making frequent trips between the army in the 
field and the base hospitals, most of which were accessible by the river 
or its branches. The model of the hospital steamboat D. A. January 
is intended to illustrate this class of vessels. 
Model of the U. S. Army Hospital Steamboat D. A. January.—This 
model was constructed under the immediate supervision of Assistant- 
Surgeon A. H. Hoff, U. S. Army, who was for a long time surgeon-in- 
charge. It is five feet long, being on the scale of one-fourtli of an inch 
to the foot, and represents the whole vessel, with beds, &c., in position, 
all details being carefully worked out. The following statement with 
regard to this vessel was furnished by Dr. Hoff: 
“The hospital steamer, I). A. January, was built in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
in 1856. She was a side-wheel steamboat of 450 tons burthen, 235 feet 
in length, 35 feet beam, and extreme width 65 feet. She had two 
high pressure engines, 22-inch cylinders, and seven feet stroke; also a 
donkey-engine connecting with a steam-pump as a protection against 
fire. 
“ She was purchased by the Government in the spring of 1862 ; un- 
derwent some alterations, and made her first trip in April, 1862, arriving 
at Pittsburg Landing in the midst of the battle of Shiloh, loaded with a 
large supply of hospital stores for the purveyor at that point. 
“In the fall of 1862 she was completely fitted up, as shown in the 
model, with all the requirements of a general hospital, with a capacity 
of 400 beds. (See Fig. 1.) 
“ The medical officers consisted of one surgeon and three assistant- 
surgeons, with the necessary attendants, nurses, cooks, &c. 
“ The Commanding-General, by order, arranged the running of all 
hospital steamers so that they could not be interfered with by the 
subordinate commanders, and once under way with their load of sick 
and wounded were not disturbed until their destination was reached. 
Our flag was considered a flag of truce, fully protected us, and gave us 
an opportunity .of keeping the hospitals always in order. No persons 
were allowed passage on the steamers except those connected directly 
with the medical department of the army. 
“ To overcome the difficulty, as to supplies, and the prompt payment 
of men employed on the boat, the ‘ surgeon-in-charge ’ was made an ‘ act- 
ing assistant quartermaster ’ and £ commissary of subsistence,’ and this 
arrangement worked most satisfactorily, and enabled the boat to be 
always in readiness to leave at a moment’s notice. U. S. HOSPITAL STEAMER D. A. JANUARY. Fig. 1.—Deck Plans of the Hospital Steamboat D. A. January. Scale, 54 feet to the inch. 
Boiler Deck.—A, Foot of the stairs. B B B, Space for wood and coal. C, Boilers. D D, Stores. E, 
Pastry-room. F, Kitchen. G, Carpenter’s shop. H, Blacksmith shop. I I, Engines. J, Doctor. 
K K, Wheels. M M, Water-closets. N N, Deck. 0, Space for beds. P P P, Ice-water stands. 
Middle Deck.—A A, Lower deck. B B B, Hatchways. C, Boilers. F F, Beds for patients : stairs to 
lower deck near the letters. G G, Stairs to upper deck, H H, Water-closets. I 11 I, Ice-water 
stands. J J, Nurses’ quarters. L L, Stairs to lower deck. 
Cabin Floor.—A A, Lower deck. B, Office: main stairs by the letter. C C, Private rooms. EE, 
Texas stairs. F F, Steamboat smoke-stacks. G G G G, Stoves. I, Nurses’dining-room. J, Kitchen. 
K K, Bath-rooms, with hot and cold water. L L, Steamboat wheels. M M, Water-closets. N. Pri- 
vate rooms. O, Drug store. P, Surgery. Linen-room. R, Looking-glass. S S S S, Ice-water 
stands. The parallelograms indicate the position of the beds. 
Upper Decks, or Texas.—,A A, Lower deck. B B, Roof. C C, Cabin roof above the skylights. D D, 
Smoke-stacks. E, Water-closet. F, Wash-room. G G, Wheels. II H H, Water-tanks. I, Captain’s 
room. J, Social hall. K, Texas Dining-room. L L L, Rooms for steamDoat officers. M, Private 
room. “ A large quantity of ice was carried in the hold of the vessel; this 
was taken advantage of by an arrangement of pipes to .convey £ice 
water ’ to the different parts of the hospital. A tank was placed on the 
upper deck forward, connected with the steam-pump, and kept con- 
stantly filled with water; pipes from this ran down into the hold of the 
vessel to a coil embedded ifi the ice, whence the cold water made its 
way through pipes to the several parts of the boat where it was re- 
quired. This worked admirably, giving all hands plenty of ice water, 
and with great economy in the use of the ice. 
A fan ran through the whole length of the main ward, worked by the 
machinery below; it made about ninety revolutions a minute, and as 
the transom-windows opened just above it at the sides, it created a 
pleasant current of air, and had besides another effect that was not 
taken in consideration at the time the fan was ordered, viz., that it drove 
out all flies and mosquitos. The fan is seen in. the model, but the 
water-pipes could not be shown.” 
Assistant-Surgeon A. H. Hoff, IT. S. Army, then surgeon U. S. volun- 
teers, was assigned to the command of this boat by order of Major- 
General Halleck, April 6,1862, and continued to render efficient service 
as the surgeon-in-charge until February, 1864, when he was succeeded 
by Surgeon Lewis C. Rice, U. S. volunteers, who continued in charge 
until the boat made her last trip and was turned over to the quarter- 
master at St. Louis, Missouri, September 25, 1865. 
During this period the boat made numerous trips from the rear of 
the western armies to St. Louis, Cincinnati, Mound City, Keokuk, and 
other points. Moreover, during the months of March, April, May, and 
June, 1863, she lay near Milliken’s Bend, Louisiana, and served as a 
floating hospital for the armies under General Grant. Altogether 23,738 
patients were carried by her, of whom 530 died en route, as is shown 
by the following list of trips: 
List of Trips of the Hospital Steamer D. A. January. 
Place and Date of Embarkation. 
Place and Date of Landing. 
Number 
carried. 
Died on 
the way. 
1862. 
April it... 
1862. 
April 14.. 
April 18... 
April 23.. 
284 
May 2 ... 
J y’ 
r 3°o 
39 
May 6.... 
May 14... 
May 10... 
284 
Total 
I299 
67 Place and Date of Embarkation. 
Place and Date of Landing. 
Number 
Carried. 
Died on 
the way. 
Brought forwarc 
I299 
67 
1862. 
1865. 
June 9 ... 
375 
1 
I 
f Paducah, Ky 
June 20... 
June 19... 
j- 459 
J 
1 Keokuk, Iowa 
June 23... 
1 
Paducah, Ky 
July 6 ... 
\ "VanSV‘ C’ n 
> 287 
2 
July 8 
J 
Tulv 21... 
317 
10 
Tulv 27... 
298 
x44 
Aug. 2^... 
160 
1 
3° 
386 
J4 
Oct. 7 ... 
Stmr. T. L. McGill, Colum 
Oct. 10... 
273 
6 
bus. Kv. 
372 
88 
378 
I 
410 
2 
435 
440 
13 
i863. 
1863. 
('Memphis, Tenn 
Jan. 18... 
) 
Arkansas Post. Ark 
Ian. 14... 
y 432 
54 
i,St. Louis, Mo 
Jan. 28... 
J 
March.... 
1 
1174 
46 
Served as receiving hospital at 
1460 
79 
Milliken’s Bend, La , during 
f- 
736 
J9 
the months of. 
y 
1 talsteamers’etC 
55 
Aug 
16 
9 
1 
Oct. 28... 
100 
2 
( Cairo, 111 
Nov. 25... 
) 
Memphis, Tenn 
Nov. 23.. 
< 
?- 345 
3 
LSt. Louis, Mo 
Nov.27, 28 
) 
T , rp 
TW 
344 
Total 
13401 
411 Placb and Date of Embarkation. 
Place and Date of Landing. 
Number j 
Carried. 
Died on 
the way. 
New Albany, Ind 1 
Louisville, Ky j 
1864. 
Feb. 11... 
Mar. 18,19 
April 7... 
April 27.. 
May 1.... 
May 3.... 
May 3.... 
May 14... 
May 22... 
June 10... 
June 21... 
June 22... 
Aug. 10... 
Aug. 22.. 
Sept. 2... 
Sept. 19.. 
Sept. 20.. 
Oct. 12... 
Nov. 3 ... 
Nov. 10.. 
Nov. 25.. 
Dec. 1.... 
Dec. 19... 
Dec. 26... 
1865. 
Jan. 5 
Jan. 27, to 
Feb. 4.. 
13401 
97 
463 
382 
• 398 
289 
239 
120 
| 498 
345 
3°9 
332 
229 
j" 4°7 
127 
48 
361 
416 
545 
496 
j- 426 
| 373 
411 
Jefferson Barracks, Mo 
1864. 
Feb. 15... 
March 19 
April 8... 
May 1, 2. 
May 3.... 
May 8.... 
Louisville, Ky. 1 
Jeffersonville, Ind J 
Vicksburg, Miss 
I 
May 17... 
May 26... 
June 12... 
June 22... 
June 25... 
Aug. 16... 
Aug. 27... 
Sept. 9... 
Sept. 24... 
Oct. 19, 20 
Oct. 22... 
Nov. 6.... 
Nov. 14... 
Nov. 29... 
Dec. 5.... 
Dec. 21... 
/ 
Dec. 27... 
1865. 
Jan.8 
6 
1 
5 
4 
21 
j-Jefferson Barracks, Mo 
Mound City, 111 
(Jefferson Barracks. Mo 
Mouth of the White river, Ark 
Mouth of the White river, Ark 
1 
2 
Louisville, Ky J 
Jeffersonville, Ind J 
Louisville, Ky ~) 
Jeffersonville, Ind j" 
Louisville, Ky 'j 
Jeffersonville, Ind 
f Covington, Ky ~j 
l Camp Dennison, Ohio | 
Cincinnati, Ohio 'J 
Covington, Ky j 
Cairo, 111., (for 1 'ansfer to St. 
Louis.) 
I 
3° 
Feb. S.... 
Total 
20301 
483 Place and Date of Embarkation. 
Place and Date of Landing. 
1 
■ Number 1 
Carried. 1 
1 
Died on 
the way. 
Brought forward 
20301 
483 
1865. 
1865. 
Eastport, Miss 
Feb. 12... 
Feb. 14... 
[ w y, m ) 
Feb. 19... 
318 
5 
Nashville, Tenn 
Feb. 16... 
554 
8 
April 13.. 
fStmr. Eleanor Carroll at 
April 24.. 
Apr. 17,18 
- 169 
(Vicksburg, Miss 
April 25.. 
Selma, Ala 
May 6.... 
May 8.... 
May 15... 
r 389 
12 
May 23... 
New Orleans, La 
May 18... 
Vicksburg, Miss 
June 5.... 
June 8.... 
June 2. 
■ 560 
Vicksburg, Miss 
June 5.... 
Stmr. W. Butler at Cairo, 
June 10... 
111.,(for transfer to Nahsville. 
New Orleans, La 
June 20... 
June 28... 
Cairo, 111 
r 229 
7 
Baton Rouge, La 
June 21... 
Tune2Q... 
Jefferson Barracks, Mo 
Vicksburg, Miss 
June 23... 
New Orleans, La 
July 17... 
Cairo, 111 
July 24... 
' 
Baton Rouge, La 
July 18... 
s- 328 
3 
Jefferson Barracks, Mo 
lulv 26... 
. 
Cairo, 111 
July 24... 
New Orleans, La 
Aug. 3, 9 
Cairo, 111 
Aug. 16... 
Baton Rouge, La 
Aug. 10.. 
>- 439 
II 
Jefferson Barracks, Mo 
Aug. 18... 
Vicksburg, Miss 
Aug. 12... 
New Orleans, La 
Aug. 26... 
Cairo, 111 
Sept. 3... 
' 
Baton Rouge, La 
Aue. 27.. 
■ 
y 259 
I 
Jefferson Barracks, Mo 
Sept. 4... 
. 
Vicksburg, Miss 
Aug. 28... 
1 
Total 
23,738 
530 Model of the U. S. Army Hospital Steamship J. K. Barnes.—On 
the Atlantic coast a certain number of river steamboats were employed 
in the transportation of the sick and wounded, especially from the Army 
of the Potomac to Alexandria. Washington, D. C., and Baltimore. But 
it was also necessary to employ ocean transportation on a very consid- 
erable scale, and both in the conveyance of patients from the Army of 
the Potomac and from the various coast expeditions, the merchant 
steamships ordinarily used in the coastwise trade served for this pur- 
pose. Here, too, in times of emergency, the vessels chartered by the 
quartermaster’s department for the transportation of stores often served 
to transport the sick and wounded, but a number of vessels were also 
devoted exclusively to this service and were fitted up as hospital steam- 
ships. The model of the U. S. Army hospital steamship J. K. Barnes 
is intended to illustrate the mode of fitting up vessels of this class which 
was found most convenient. 
This model was constructed by Mr. Charles Hemje, of New York, 
under the supervision of Assistant-Surgeon A. H. Hoff, U. S. Army, who 
also directed the original fitting up of the vessel. The model is seven 
feet long, being on a scale of three-eighths of an inch to the foot, and 
represents one lateral half of the vessel, the section being made longi- 
tudinally through the median line, thus permitting the display of the 
interior arrangement of bunks, &c. 
The U. S. Army hospital steamship J. H. Barnes was fitted up in 
New York city during the latter part of 1864, and on her completion 
Assistant-Surgeon Thomas McMillin, U. S. A., was assigned as surgeon- 
in-charge, December 5, 1864. December 23d, the Barnes was ordered 
to report to the Medical Director of the Department of the South, at 
Hilton Head, S. C., where she took her first load of sick on board 
January 1, 1865. 
The Barnes was 223 feet in length, beam 35 feet 2 inches, depth of 
hold 22 feet 9 inches. She was of 1,253 tons burthen. Diameter of 
cylinder 60 inches, stroke of piston 10 feet. In fitting her up, an orlop 
deck was introduced, and a mess-room was built on the forward deck, 
in front of the galley. The arrangement of bunks, &c., is shown in 
Figure 2. 
Assistant-Surgeon Thomas McMillin, U. S. A., continued to act as 
surgeon-in-charge of this vessel until November, 1865. During this 
time 3,655 patients were carried, of whom 29 died en route. The fol- 
lowing is a list of the trips : Fio. 2.—Deck-plan of the U. S. Army Hospital Steamship J. K. Barnes. Scale, 38J4feet to the inch.. 
Spar Deck.—a. Forecastle, b, Table, cc, Hatches, d d d, Mess-tables and mess-room, e e, Pantries. 
g, Officers’ mess, h, Galley, i, Ice house, k k k k k, Quarters of medical officers. 11, Linen-room, 
in, Saloon. » n, Wine-room and office, o, Table, q q, Heaters, r, Bath-room and water-closet, ss, 
Water-closets. 11, Guard-room. Ward A, 1, 2, 3, 72 bunks. 
Gun Deck— a, Commissary store-room. 6, Engine, c c, Hatches, ddddd. Ventilators, e e, Wash- 
tables. //, Water-closets, g g, Closets, h h h h, Steam heaters. Ward B, (forward,) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, <i, 7, 
138 bunks. Ward C, (midships,) 1, 2, 3, 4, 42 bunks. Ward D, (aft,) 1, 2, 3, G3 bunks. 
Orlop Deck—a. Quarters for nurses. 6, Knapsack-room, c, Baggage-room, d, Ventilator. Ward 
E, 1, 2, 3, 48 bunks. List of Trips of the Hospital Steamer J. K. Barnes. 
Place and Date of Embarkation. 
Place and Date of Landing. 
Number 
Carried. 
c 
0 rt 
v 
S-s 
2 
2 
Hilton Head and Beaufort, S. C.. 
1865. 
Jan. 1 
Jan. 31... 
Feb. 25... 
“ 26... 
Mar. 14. 
“ *5- 
April 5... 
Apr.24,25 
May 7.... 
May 19.. 
June 9 ... 
David’s Island, De Camp G. 
H., N. Y. 
1863. 
Jan. 5, 6 
368 
119 
9 
68 
320 
439 
449 
385 
375 
217 
25 
345 
338 
198 
N. Y. 
Feb. 26... 
“ 27- 
Mar. 19... 
April 11.. 
April 28. 
May 11... 
May 23... 
June 17.. 
July 16... 
Aug. 23... 
Royal. 
I 
1 
6 
2 
“ (Stmrs.SpauldingAtlantic.') 
Wilmington and Morehead City, 
N. C. 
Beaufort, Newberne, and More- 
head City, N. C. 
Hilton Head and Beaufort, S. C. 
Savannah, Ga., Hilton Head, S.C. 
Fort Schuyler, McDougall 
G. H., N. Y. 
David’s Island, De Camp G. 
H., N. Y. 
David’s Island, De Camp 1 
G. H., N. Y., WilletFs | 
Point, Grant G. H., N. }- 
Y.,.Fort Schuyler, Mc- 
Dougall G. H., N. Y.... J 
1 
Aug. s.... 
“ 10.... 
“ 12.... 
“ 16.... 
“ 17—• 
" 19.... 
'• SI.... 
Sept. 19. 
“ 26.. 
“ 27- 
Oct. 23... 
“ 25... 
“ 27... 
“ 3°- 
“ 3i- 
Nov. 2 ... 
David’s Island, De Camp) 
G. H., N. Y J 
L 
r 
5 
6 
4 
Barrancas and Fort Pickens, Fla.. 
Morehead City and Newbern, N. 
C. 
J David’s Island, De Camp 1 
■j G. H., N. Y / 
Hilton Head, S. C 
Nov. 4.... 
David’s Island, De Camp ) 
G. H„ N. Y J 
3655 
29 HOSPITAL STEAMER J. K. BARNES. The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
Medical Department. United States Army. 
EXHIBIT-CLASS 3. 
No. 3. 
DESCRIPTION 
OF T1IE • 
Models of Hospital Cars, 
FROM THE u. S. ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 
HENRY McELDERRY, 
Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MED I CAT. DEPARTMENT, IT. S. A. 
New Orleans,' La., 1884-85. The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
Medical Separtaieni, f nited States Irmij, 
EXHIBIT-CLASS 3. 
No. 3. 
DESCRIPTION 
OF THE 
Models of Hospital Cars, 
FROM THE U. S. ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 
HENRY McELDERRY. 
Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, U. 8- A. 
New Orleans, La., 1884-85. The World's Mistrial and Coitoi Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-’85. 
Medical Department, United States Army, 
EXHIBIT. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE MODELS OF HOSPITAL CARS, 
From the U. S. Army Medical Museum, 
id. c. 
These models are intended to represent especially those methods of 
adapting the ordinary rolling-stock of American railroads to the trans- 
portation of sick and wounded soldiers, which were found to be most 
satisfactory during the war of 1861-5. They are all on the scale of one 
inch to the foot, and are made of hard wood and brass, all details being 
carefully worked out; they are made with their roofs removable to 
permit the inspection of the interior. They were constructed in accord- 
ance with plans furnished from the Surgeon-General's office, by J. G. 
Brill & Co., car builders, Thirty-first and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia, 
Pa. 
Various plans were adopted by the several armies, some of them as 
early as the summer of 1861, a description of which may be found in a 
recent report by Assistant-Surgeon G. A. Otis, United States Army.* 
As might have been anticipated, these methods were brought to the 
greatest perfection in the rear of the great Western armies, after they 
began to move southward from Chattanooga. While these armies were 
operating chiefly on the Mississippi river and its tributaries, hospital 
steamboats, one of which is represented by the model of the 1). A. 
January, afforded a convenient mode of transporting their sick and 
wounded to the general hospitals at the base of operations and in the 
* G. A. Otis, Assistant-Surgeon U. S. Army. A report on a plan for transport- 
ing wounded soldiers by railway in time of war, with descriptions of various methods 
employed for this purpose on different occasions. Washington : War Department, 
Surgeon-General's Office, 1875. Northwestern States; but after they concentrated at Chattanooga this 
was no longer feasible, and it became necessary to extend considerably 
the arrangements already made by the Army of the Cumberland for 
the transportation of its own sick and wounded on the railroad from 
Chattanooga to Nashville and Louisville. The first hospital cars on 
this route were run between Nashville and Louisville, before the con- 
centration alluded to, but the service was subsequently extended to 
Chattanooga, and afterwards to Atlanta. 
Surgeon George E. Cooper reports that when he became Medical 
Director of the Department of the Cumberland, in May, 1864, he found 
a train of hospital cars, which had been fitted up under the direction of 
Acting Assistant-Surgeon J. B. Barnum, already in operation on the 
line, one hundred and eighty-five miles in length, between Louisville 
and Nashville. This service he rapidly extended, using freight cars to 
some extent, but giving the preference to passenger cars fitted up with 
litters, so as to carry the patients in the recumbent position, until, as 
Dr. Otis states in the report above referred to, before the close of the 
year 1864, “ there were three hospital railway trains, each consisting of 
ten or twelve cars, with several freight or baggage cars attached some- 
times, connecting the advance of the army with Nashville and Louisville; 
one train at least daily leaving the vicinity of the field hospitals. In 
each train, one car was fitted up exclusively as a kitchen and store-room, 
and another as a dispensary, with accommodation for the medical officer 
in charge, and an ample supply of medicines, stores, instruments, and 
appliances. 
“These cars were fitted up under the immediate supervision of 
Medical Director Cooper, and of Surgeon O. O. Herrick, 34th Illinois 
volunteers. 
“ General Thomas accorded the fullest authority to Medical Director 
Cooper to select for the hospital trains the best locomotives and cars to 
be found among the rolling-stock, and to have new cars fitted up when- 
ever necessary, and claused to be detailed for the hospital service the most 
experienced conductors, engineers, and other employes of the several 
railway lines. Medical Director Cooper informs the reporter that the 
smoke-pipes of the locomotives of the hospital trains were painted of a 
brilliant scarlet; the exterior of the hood, and of the tender-car with 
water and fuel, were of the same conspicuous color, with gilt ornament- 
ation. At night, beneath the head-light of the engine, three red lanterns 
were suspended in a row. These distinguishing signals were recog- 
nized by the Confederates, and the trains were never fired upon or 
molested in any way. Dr. Cooper was informed by wounded Confeder- 
ate officers in Nashville, who were captured at the battle near that place. of the stringent orders given his troopers by General N. B. Forrest for 
the non-interference with, and protection of, the IJ. S. A. hospital trains, 
by giving them timely warning in the event of the railway being ob- 
structed or torn up. The partisan troops of Colonel John Morgan’s 
command had similar instructions. It is related, that on one occasion 
Colonel Morgan’s scouts stopped the train directed by Dr. Barnum, and 
having switched it off upon a siding, after inquiring if there were suffi- 
cient stores on the train for the sick and wounded, they tore up the 
main track, and then rifled and destroyed five supply trains that suc- 
cessively arrived at the point where the line was interrupted. 
“Ventilation, without exposure to drafts, was well provided for in 
these cars, by windows in the elevated part of the ceiling, and by valvu- 
lar openings near the roof. 
“ When General Sherman’s army was before Atlanta, until the lines 
of communication were destroyed, preparatory to the march to the sea, 
hospital cars ran regularly from the front to base hospitals, some of 
which were four hundred and seventy-two miles distant.” 
Assistant-Surgeon F. L. Town, U. S. A., in a report on these hos- 
pital trains, states that “the conception of a complete hospital, with 
all its appliances and means of comfort, propelled by steam, was first 
carried into practical operation in the medical department of the West, 
and its perfect success was most gratifying to all. In visiting these 
hospital trains the air is found sweet and pure, the wards neat and 
inviting, and it may unhesitatingly be said that men on hospital trains 
are often as comfortable, and better fed and attended, than in many 
permanent hospitals.” 
The operations of the Army of the Potomac led it for a large part of 
its history to occupy such camp sites that water transportation was 
available, and was extensively used for its sick and wounded. While 
this army lay along the Rapidan, however, transportation by rail became 
necessary, and a number of hospital cars were constructed for the pur- 
pose. Specially-constructed hospital cars were also used on several of 
the Northern railroads, and various plans for both freight and passen- 
ger cars were employed by the Confederate authorities. An account of 
these devices will be found in the report of Dr. Otis, already alluded to. 
To illustrate this subject, five models have been constructed. No. 1 
represents the surgeon’s car of a hospital train of the Army of the Cum- 
berland. No. 2, the kitchen car of a hospital train of the Army of the 
Cumberland. No. 3, the form of car found most satisfactory for the 
transportation of sick and wounded in the Army of the Cumberland. 
No. 4, a hospital car of the Army of the Potomac. No. 5, a freight car 
fitted up with litters for transporting sick and wounded. No. 1. Surgeons Car, Hospital Train of the Army of the Cumber- 
land.—This model represents an ordinary passenger car, with the seats 
removed, and with partitions and fixtures introduced, so as to lodge the 
surgeon in charge of the train and his hospital steward, and give 
accommodations for the dispensary of the train, with an office for the 
transaction of business. 
Fig. i.—Horizontal plan of surgeon’s car, Army of the Cumberland. 
Figure 1 represents the arrangements of this car. 
*A, dispensary and steward’s quarters; a, desk and book-case; b, shelves 
for medicines. This apartment contains also a revolving chair at the 
desk and a bed for the steward. 
B, surgeon’s sitting-room; d, lounge; e, water-closet; f clothes- 
closet. 
C, surgeon’s bed-room; c, bed. 
D, office; g, lounge; h, water-cooler; i, wood-box and stove. 
E, wash-room, with water-basin, tank, and dressing locker. 
F F, passage through car. 
G, water-closet. 
No. 2. Kitchen Gar, Hospital Train of the Army of the Cumber- 
land.—This model represents an ordinary passenger car with the seats 
removed, and with partitions and fixtures introduced for a kitchen, store- 
room, and dining-room. 
Fig. 2.—Horizontal plan of kitchen car, Army of the Cumberland. 
Figure 2 represents the arrangements. 
A, kitchen; a, cooking-range; b, sink; c, cupboard; d, table and 
shelves. 
B, store-room; e, ice-box; f shelves for provisions. 
C, dining-room; g, table, surrounded by benches. This apartment 
contains als£> a stove and wood-box. No. 3. Car for Sick and Wounded, Hospital Train of the Army of 
the Cumberland.—This model represents an ordinary passenger car, 
fitted up in the manner reported by Medical Director Cooper to be “ the 
simplest and best form.” 
Fig. 3.—Horizontal plan of one of the hospital cars of the Army of the Cumberland.—(Otis.) 
Figure 3 is a horizontal plan of the arrangements. Figure 4 is 
longitudinal section of a part of the 
car. Figure 5, a transverse section. 
The arrangements were as fol- 
lows : 
The alternate seats of the passen- 
ger car were removed, and suitable 
slats laid upon them for the recep- 
tion of mattresses. On one side of 
the car, one of the beds was omitted, 
and two windows and the adjoining 
panelling being removed,' a wide 
door was introduced, “ affording an 
ample space for the ingress and 
egress of litters with the most se- 
verely wounded patients.” Eleven 
beds were thus formed, above each 
of Avhich an ordinary field stretcher, 
with its handles shortened, was sus- 
pended by means of two iron hooks, 
Fig. 4 —Longitudinal section of one of the hospital cars of the Army of the Cumber- 
land.— (Otis.) 
Fig. 5.— Transverse section of one of the hos- 
pital cars of the Army of the Cumberland. 
(Otis.) one at each end, fixed in the side of the car, and two iron rods termin- 
ating in hooks, which were fastened above to the roof of the car. 
Eleven additional beds were thus provided, so that the car would carry 
twenty-two patients, one to each bed; but the lower beds were so wide, 
(about 44 inches,) that two patients could be carried in each when 
deemed expedient, (especially mild cases,) in which case the car carried 
thirty-three patients. Each car was provided with a water-closet, stove, 
wood-box, and water-cooler. 
No. 4. Hospital Car of the Army of the Potomac.—This model 
represents the form of a hospital car devised by Mr. J. McCrickett, 
Assistant Superintendent of Military Railroads, and recommended for 
construction by Surgeon R. O. Abbott, U. S. A. The cars were not 
passenger cars refitted, but were specially devised for the purpose, the 
frame-work being plain, and constructed with a special view to strength. 
All the details of the frame-work are faithfully worked out in the model. 
Figure G is a horizontal plan. Figure 7, a longitudinal section of a part 
of one of the cars. Figure 8, a transverse section. 
Fig. 6.—Horizontal plan of one of the hospital cars of the Army of the Potomac.—(Otis.) 
Fig. 7.—Longitudinal section of a part of one of the hospital cars of the Army of tne 
Potomac.—( Otis .) 
Tlie cars were 45 feet long and 84 broad, inside measure. Six and a 
half feet were partitioned off at one end of the car for the medical officer 
in charge of the car. This apartment was fitted up with a desk, shelves 
for books and medicines, revolving chair and lounge. In the rest of 
the car, ten beds- were constructed, by placing seats like those used in 
passenger cars, but without backs, at suitable intervals. On these, slats 
were laid for the reception of mattresses. Ten beds were thus formed, which, however, were narrower than 
those of the hospital car of the Army 
of the Cumberland, (viz., thirty 
inches wide,) being intended for the 
reception of a single patient each. 
A passage-way three and a half feet 
wide was thus left. Above each of 
these beds two ordinary field stretch- 
ers, with their handles shortened, 
were suspended in the following 
manner: Opposite the middle of 
each of the seats supporting the 
lower beds, an upright wooden post 
was erected, extending from the floor 
to the roof, and firmly fastened at 
each extremity. Each sti’etcher was supported in its place by means 
of two iron hooks, (one at each end,) fastened to the side of the car, 
and two leather loops, (one at each end,) fastened to the upright posts. 
Beds were thus provided for thirty patients in all. Two stoves, a water- 
cooler, and a water-closet completed the outfit, and in order to give 
ready access to the severely wounded, carried on stretchers, the door at 
the end of the car, intended for patients, was made three and a-lialf 
feet wide. 
* No: 5. Freight Car fitted up for the Transportation of the Sick and 
Wounded.—This model is intended to represent the plan devised by 
Grund, a German master machinist, and adjudged the most suitable for 
freight cars by the Prussian Commission of 1868. 
It consists “ in supporting three ordinary field stretchers in the front, 
and three in the rear part of the freight car, twenty feet long, by means 
of transverse wooden bars, resting on semi-elliptical plate springs. The 
springs are spiked at one end to the flooring, to keep the bars station- 
ary, while at the other end are rollers, to permit the yielding of the 
springs. The latter are surmounted by U pieces, or clips to receive the 
Fig 8.— Transverse section of one of the hos- 
pital cars of the Army of the Potomac.— 
(Otis.) 
Fig. 9.—Enlarged view of the spring used in Grund’s system, and adopted in the 
Bavarian trains, for the support of litters.—(Otis.) cross-bars. Four cross-beams and eight springs constitute the outfit 
requisite for the reception of six litters.” Figure 9 represents one of 
these springs, which are three feet in length. Figure 10 is a longitudi- 
nal section of a part of 
the freight car arranged 
in this manner, showing 
a stretcher in position. 
The freight car repre- 
sented in the model is 
the ordinary box-car of 
the Pennsylvania rail- 
road, which is twenty- 
seven feet long by seven 
and a half broad, inside 
measure. By a different 
arrangement of the 
springs, eight stretchers 
might be accommodated, 
as is shown in a partial 
model, representing the floor of a car of tiie same size. 
Assistant-Surgeon Otis has recommended that, in any future war, the 
Quartermaster’s Department of our army should be authorized to keep 
on hand a supply of these semi-elliptical springs. Trains going to the 
front with provisions, forage, or ammunition, should then each carry, 
suspended under the roof, a sufficient number of these springs, with the 
spikes required, to enable the car on its return, instead of going back 
empty, to carry comfortably, on beds improvised by means of the ordi- 
nary field stretchers, a number of sick or wounded, corresponding to 
its size. Assistant-Surgeon Otis has also suggested that these springs 
might be utilized in connection with field stretchers for the comfortable 
conveyance of the wounded in ordinary army wagons. 
Fig. io.—Longitudinal section of a part of a freight car 
arranged on Grund’s system.—(Otis.) The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
Medical iepartment, United States Army, 
EXHIBIT-CLASS 3. 
H ENRY McELDEEE Y. 
Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 
IN CHARGE OF THF, R E P R ES ENT AT ION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, U. S. A. 
No. 4. 
DESCRIPTION 
OF THE 
U. S. ARMY MEDICAL TRANSPORT CART, 
MODEL OF 1876: 
BY 
D. L. HUNTINGTON, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 
AND 
GEORGE A. OTIS, Assistant Surgeon, XI. S. A. 
New Orleans, La., 1884-85. The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
Medical Separfmeni, Meditates irmp, 
KXII133IrJL1—CTj A.SS 3. 
HENRY McELDERRY. 
Assistant Surgeon, U S. A., • 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, U. S. A. 
No. 4. 
DESCEIPTIOIT 
OF THE 
U. S. ARMY MEDICAL TRANSPORT CART, 
MODEL OF 1876: 
BY 
D. L. HUNTINGTON, Assistant Surgeon, TJ. S. A., 
AND 
GEORGE A. OTIS, Assistant Surgeon, TJ. S. A. 
New Orleans, La., 1884-85. U. S. A. Medical Transport Cart, Model of 1876. Tie World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-’85. 
Medical Department, United States Army, 
EXHIBIT. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE U. S. ARMY MEDICAL TRANSPORT CART, 
MODEL OF 1870. 
The principal means of transport for field medical and hospital 
supplies employed in the Union armies in the late civil war were the 
ordinary wagons of the supply trains, ambulance wagons, the medicine 
wagons of Perot and of Dunton, the regulation army medicine wagons, 
and panniers designed for transport by pack-animals, but usually car- 
ried by the most available wheeled vehicles. For the last ten years, 
field parties of troops engaged in hostile operations against the savages 
of the Plains, or of the mountainous western region, have carried their 
medical supplies either in the regulation medicine wagons, drawn by six 
mules, or in chests or panniers, placed in the ordinary wagons of the 
supply train. The necessity of some convenient means for the rapid 
transport of a limited supply of medical and hospital stores, such as 
might be required in emergencies by a small body of troops, became 
apparent. Scouting parties and escorts to exploring or surveying expe- 
ditions required an outfit of hospital appliances for immediate use, yet 
could not be encumbered with the large medicine wagons that carried 
supplies for brigades. 
Under these circumstances, recalling that Paragraph 1330 of the Army 
Regulations permitted the provision of “ two-wheeled transport carts for 
hospital supplies ” for small commands,* although the provision had 
never been carried into effect, the exigencies of the late war having de- 
* United States Army Regulations of 1861, with an Appendix, containing the Changes and Laws af- 
ecting Army Regulations and Articles of War to June 25, 1863, Washington, 1863, p. 317. U. S. A. MEDICAL TRANSPORT CART, 
manded more bulky means of transport, the Surgeon General decided 
to have built an experimental one-horse, two-wheeled, medical transport 
vehicle, to serve, if it should prove satisfactory, as a model for the con- 
struction of others, for issue to troops likely to be engaged in the field. 
This proposition having been approved by the Secretary of War, the 
Surgeon General indicated certain indispensable requisites to be ob- 
served in regard to the dimensions, weight, and strength of the pro- 
posed vehicle, and instructed Assistant Surgeon G. A. Otis, the medical 
officer on duty with a Board of Officers convened to recommend a pat- 
tern of ambulance wagon for army use, to confer with the command- 
ant of Watervliet Arsenal, Brevet Brigadier General P. V. Hagnek, Ord- 
nance Department, and to prepare specifications for such a hospital 
transport cart. The specifications submitted were as follows: 
MEDICAL TRANSPORT CART. 
REQUISITES. 
1st. To be large enough to carry three (3) boxes for stores, each 18 inches wide, 36 
inches long, and 18 inches high. 
2d. The weight of the finished cart, with wheels and empty boxes, must not ex- 
ceed 600 lbs., and have strength of frame sufficient to withstand a load of 800 lbs. 
3d. The cart-wheels must be interchangeable with the hind wheels of the new 
ambulance wagon. 
SPECIFICATIONS. 
Wheels. The wheels will be 4 feet 2 inches high (without tires ;) the hubs (of best 
elm) 6If inches in diameter at centre, 5| inches at butt, and 4)- inches at the point, by 
0 inches in length ; butt with iron bands on each end mortised for sixteen (16) spokes. 
Size of mortise If inches by 9-16 inch with a £ inch dish. Spokes (best seasoned 
hickory) inches by f inch (hub tenon) felloe tenon, round f inch in diameter; 
felloes (best hickory) If inches, two (2) pieces for each wheel; tire (best charcoal 
iron) 14 inches wide, by f inch thick, fastened on with eight (8) tire-bolts in each 
wheel; two (2) felloe-plates in each wheel over joints. 
Axle. Of best quality refined iron If inch square for 7 inches from each collar- 
washer, the remainder rounded. Collar-washer 2f inches in diameter, | inch thick; 
wheel-boxes of best quality foundry iron, 7f inches long, If inches in diameter, 7-16 
inch thick at butt; If inches in diameter, and 5-16 inch thick at point, with two (2) 
lugs, 2 inches long, f inch high. Oil-chamber, 2 inches long, 1-16 inch deep, to 
commence 2f inches from the butt. Weight of box, not less than 4;) lbs. each. 
Axle to be arranged to track five feet from centre to centre of wheels. 
Body. Outside length 57f inches, width 40f inches, heighth 8 inches. Inside 
length 54f inches, width 38 inches, heighth 6 inches. Frame, of oak, consisting of 
two (2) exterior side-sills and two (2) end cross-bars, size If by 2f inches. Centre 
cross-bar 2 inches by f inch, and two (2) interior cross-bars, at half distance between 
the centre and the ends, 2 inches by f inch; all cross-bars, except the tail-bar, are 
mortised into the side-sills, and are even with them at bottom; the tail-bar is 
mortised to receive the sill-tenons. The tenons of the end bars are of one-third 
thickness; those of the interior bars are of half the thickness. The floor planks will MODEL OF 1876. 
be ash, £ inch thick, and level with the top of the side-sills. The upper rails are 1 cl- 
inches by 1 inch, and extend over the sides and front, and are vertical. The side 
panels of the body are of ash, screwed, each side, to six (6) single studs and to a front 
’double comer stud; the front panel of the body, also of ash | inch thick, is screwed, 
in like manner, to three (3) single studs and the double corner studs, to which the 
sides are attached. These studs are all tenoned into the side-sills and upper rails. 
The studs are 5 inches long; the single ones § inch by 1 inch, and chamfered at their 
exterior corners between the sill and upper rail. The double corner studs are made 
from square pieces If by If inches. The sides and front of the body are stayed by 
upright rods and flat angle-irons about the front corners and the sides, also, by up- 
right and brace-rods at the rear. The ends of the rear cross-bar and the centre-bar 
project 4f inches beyond each side to receive lower ends of these braces. The tail- 
board is framed of § inch (panel) boards of ash, screwed to five (5) studs f by 1 inch, 
mortised into a top and bottom rail 1 inch by If inches. The length of tail-board ex- 
tends even with the exterior of the sides. The tail-board will be hung to the rear 
cross-bar by three light hinges, to stand even with the end of bar when upright, and 
will be held closed by means of hooks attached to the sides, and hooking into eyes 
attached to the irons on the upper rail of the tail-board. 
Spbings. Two (2) side half-springs, perpendicular to the axle, and clipped beneath 
it, connected in front by a cross-spring. The side-springs are to be 48 inches long, 
of English No. 3 oil-tempered steel, of five (5) leaves, 2 inches wide. The cross- 
spring, of the same number of leaves, of the same width and thickness and 38 inches 
long, or of sufficient length to connect the side-springs. The eye will be of double 
thickness, and have eye-bolts 7-16 of an inch. The spread of the springs should be 
as slight as will keep the body off the axle. The cross-spring will be bolted to an 
iron cross-piece, which is bolted to the shafts and side-sills. The side-springs will 
be clipped beneath the axle, by pairs of clips, screwed by nuts, with brass spring- 
blocks. Behind, the side-springs will be bolted to the sills by iron V-pieces, as may 
be found most convenient. India-rubber buffers may be interposed over the clips of 
the side-springs 4o the axle. 
The Shafts are made of ash, If by 2| inches, separated 22 inches in front, and 30f 
inches at the foot-board. They will be somewhat curved, so as to carry the body 
nearly level, or with a slight inclination downwards at the rear. They are bolted to 
the body through the front-cross bar and the forward interior bars, being also locked 
by mortises 1| inches deep at each bolt. A foot-board 4 feet long 8 inches wide and 
1 inch thick, of oak, is bolted to the top of the side-sills, which extend 8 inches in 
front of the body, to receive the foot-board. The bolts also pass through triangular 
blocks placed between the foot-board and the sills, and also on the shafts, which give* 
a suitable inclination to the board. 
Swingle-tbee and Splinteb-bae. The draft is made from the axle by means of 
two (2) wrought-iron rods £ inch in diameter, bolted under the foot-board to an oaken 
splinter-bar, to which the swingle-tree is attached. The swingle-tree will conform to 
that used in the ambulance wagon. 
Chests. There will be three (3) chests, interchangeable, and consequently of uni- 
form dimensions, viz., 36 inches long, 18 inches wide, 18 inches high. They will be 
made of half-inch boards of walnut or ash, and firmly framed, and secured against 
splits or strains by light steel straps and angle braces. The bottoms of the boxes 
will be covered with sheet zinc, and the tops by cow-hide. The under corners will 
be supplied with strong castors, and at the middle of each end there will be strong 
iron folding-handles, which must not project more than half an inch when folded 6 
U. S. A. MEDICAL TRANSPORT CART, 
down. The chests will open from above by hinged lids, and will be secured, each, 
by two suitable bolts and locks equidistant from either end. 
Slide-board. A slide-board, to lower the boxes from the cart to the ground, will 
be carried on iron loops attached underneath the body, so that when drawn to the* 
rear, to be used as a slide, the hooks at the front end will hold by the rear loops, and 
when not wanted for use this board will slide back on its loop, and be secured by a 
thumb-screw. 
Tarpaulin. A canvas cover, about by 5 feet, will be provided with eyelets at 
the four corners, to be secured to suitable adjustable fastenings to the four corner 
studs. 
Painting. The cart will be painted of the color and finish of caissons and other 
orduance carriages, the iron work black. The letters “U. S.,” four inches high, 
will be painted at the centre of each side panel. Near the front end of each side panel 
a stencil mark will be placed with the inscription, in small characters, cart 
Med. Dept. 
The cart was constructed in accordance with the foregoing specifica- 
tions, at Watervliet Arsenal, West Troy, under the direction of Brevet 
Brigadier General P. V. IIagner, U. S. A., and was delivered at the Sur- 
geon General’s Office, in Washington, January 15, 1876, and inspected 
and approved. 
It remained that the three chests, designed to contain respectively sur- 
gical instruments and appliances, medicines and hospital stores, mess 
furniture and utensils, should receive their outfit. 
By direction of the Surgeon General, the fitting up and furnishing of 
the medicine and mess chests belonging to the medical transport cart 
has been entrusted to Assistant Surgeon D. L. Huntington, U. S. A. In 
carrying out this work, the endeavor has been made to select from the 
standard supply table of the Medical Department such medicines, stores, 
appliances, and utensils as experience has proved to be useful and neces- 
sary for the ordinary emergencies of field service, and to arrange them 
compactly and conveniently. 
As the supply table has been strictly conformed to in the preparation 
of the list for furnishing these chests, it will be possible to refurnish 
,them from the stores usually found at even the more remote frontier 
posts. Under the circumstances ordinarily attendant upon scouts, expe- 
ditions, and marches, it is believed that the quantity and variety of the 
supply furnished will be abundantly adequate for a force of not less 
than five hundred troops for a period of three months. The medicine 
chest has been divided by means of accurately fitting trays into five 
divisions, the trays subdivided into spaces and compartments for the 
disposal of medicines, appliances, etc., and, so far as possible, these 
spaces and compartments have been constructed with reference to the 
average size and form of the original package or article furnished for MODEL OF 1876. 
the Medical Department, so that the chest may be readily and quickly 
filled from any dispensary. 
Medicine Chest.—The medicine chest is furnished with five trays cov- 
ered by accurately fitting lids. The trays are of black walnut and are 
seventeen and a half inches long, sixteen and three-quarter inches wide 
and vary in depth and in their subdivisions. 
All the trays are readily raised by apertures for the fingers cut near the 
upper edges of the ends and not represented in the cuts. 
Tray No. 1 is five inches in depth and is subdivided into three com- 
partments as indicated in the accompanying cut (Fig. 2.) One compart- 
ment is intended for stationery, the two others for miscellaneous ar- 
ticles, as enumerated in the subjoined list: 
Fig. 2.— Tray No. 1 0/ Medicine Chest. 
Compartment A contains— 
Paper, cap, ruled, Quire x. 
Paper, Quarto-post, ruled. Quire i. 
Paper, note, ruled, Quire i. 
Envelopes, official, large, No. 25. 
Envelopes, official, small, No. 25. 
Inkstand, traveller's, filled, No. 1. 
Pencils, lead, Faber’s, No. 2, No. 6. 
P5ns, Gillott’s steel, No. 12. 
Penholders, No. 6. 
Ink, carmine, bottles, 1. 
Mucilage, bottles, 1 
Elastic rubber-bands, doz. 1. 
Pocket register for patients, No. 1. 
Compartment B contains— 
Pill Tile, 8 by 6, No. i. 
Probang, No. i. 
Ichthyocolla plaster, in case, yards, i. 
Fountain syringe in case, No. i. 
Assorted corks, box, i. 
Pill Boxes, paper, No. i. 
Matches, in tin box, boxes i. 
Compartment C contains— 
Brass Spirit Lamp, with wicking, No. i. 
Hard Rubber penis syringe, No. i. 
Tape measure, No. x. 
Suspensory Bandages, No. 6. 
Needle-case, filled, No. i. 
Pins, papers i. 
Tape, Roll i. 8 
U. S. A. MEDICAL TRANSPORT CART, 
Tray No. 2, of the same dimensions as tray No. 1, is subdivided into- 
forty-one compartments as indicated in the annexed woodcut (Fig. 3), 
and is intended for medicines and such pharmaceutical appliances as are 
necessary to fit out a temporary dispensary for the field. 
Fig.—3. Tray No. 2 0/ Medicine Chest. 
This tray contains— 
Extractum Hyoscyami, in 1 oz. pots, oz. 2. 
Extractum Conii, in 1 oz. pots, oz. 2. 
Extractum Belladonnae, in 1 oz. pots, oz. 2. 
Sodae Bicarbonas, oz. 6. 
Ipecacuanhae pulvis, oz. 4. 
Pilulae Extracti Colocynth, Comp. (gr. ■> 
iii,) et Ipecacuanhae, gr. ss. J °" 
Pilulae Catharticae Compositae, No. 600. 
PilulaeOpii, No. 500. 
Pilulae Opii et Camphorae, No. 500. 
Pinliuilae Quae Sulphatis (3 grains each) No. 600. 
Pilulae Hydrargyri, oz. 8. 
Acidum Tannicum, oz. 4. 
Calomel. 
Acidum Salicylicum, oz. 4. 
Chloral Hydrate, oz. 4. 
Rhei pulvis, oz 4. 
Acaeiae pulvis, oz. 4. 
Plumbi Acetas, oz. 4. 
Potassae Permanganas, oz. 4 
Zinci Sulphas, oz. 2. 
Zinci Oxidum, oz. 4. 
Morphiae Sulphas, oz. 
Cupri Sulphas, oz. 1. 
Argenti Nitras, (fused) oz. 1. 
Bismuthi Subnitras, oz. 4. 
Collodion, oz. 2. 
Glycerina, oz. 4. 
Fern Perchloridnm, oz. 1. 
Tinctura Catechu, oz. 4. 
Porcelain Table, and Teaspoon, No. 1. 
Minim Glass, No. 1. 
Hypodermic Syringe, No. 1. 
Prescription Scales and weights in case, No. 1. 
Mortar and pestle, Wedgewood, 3 inch, No. 1. 
Spatulae, (large and small,) No. 2. 
Stethoscope, No. 1. 
Scarificator, No. 1. 
Scissors, No. 1. 
Medicine Glass and Case, No. r. 
Corkscrew, No. 1. 
The small half spaces, represented as unoccupied in the cut (Fig. 3), 
are left for the convenience of packing any small articles which may be 
considered of imoortance. MODEL OF 1876. 
Tray No. 3 is six inches in depth, the other dimensions are similar to 
the preceding. The bottles used in both trays are eight, four, and two 
ounce tincture and saltmoutlis. 
Fig. 4.— Tray No. 3 0/ Medicine Chest. 
Linimentum (as per Standard Supply Table) oz. 8 
Aquae Ammonias oz. 8. 
Spiritus aetheris nitrici, oz. 8. 
Tinctura ferri chloridi, oz. 8. 
Extractum gentians fluidum, oz. 8. 
Tinctura Opii, oz. 8. 
Chloroformum, oz. 8. 
Oleum Terebinthins, oz. 8. 
Tinctura Opii Camphorata, oz. 8. 
Oleum Ricini, oz. 8. 
Spiritus Ammonis Aromaticus, oz. 8. 
Extractum Zingiberis fluidum, oz. 8. 
Cough Mixture (per Standard Supply Table) oz. 8. 
Tinctura Aconiti Radicis, oz. 8. 
Potasss Chloras, oz. 8. 
Potassii Bromidum, oz. 8. 
Potassii Iodidum, oz. 8. 
Pulvis Ipecacuanhas et opii, oz. 8. 
Quiniae Sulphas, oz. 8. 
Extractum Ergots Fluidum, oz. 4. 
Extractum Ipecacuanhas Fluidum, oz. 4. 
Spiritus ZEtheris Compositus, oz. 4. 
Acidum Carbolicum, crystals, oz. 4. 
Acidum Aceticum, oz. 4. 
Linimentum Cantharides, oz. 4. 
Acidum Sulphuricum, oz. 4. 
Acidum Nitricum, oz. 4. 
Liquor Potass*, oz. 4. 
Cupping Glasses, No. 6. 
Clinical Thermometer in case, No. 1. 
Urinometer in case, No. 1. 
Spaces for powders. 
Tray No. 4, of the same length and breadth as the preceding, and 
eight inches deep, is not subdivided into compartments, and is designed 
for an assortment of miscellaneous articles. Its arrangement is repre- 
sented by a wood cut on the next page (Fig 5.) 
The tray contains:— 
Unguentum Hydrargyri, Cans 1. 
Ceratum Simplex, Cans 1. 
Extractum Nucis Vomics, oz. 1. 
Castile Soap, lbs. 1. 
Brown Soap, lbs. 2. 
Candles, Sperm, lbs. 4. 
Candlesticks, No. 2. 
Nutmegs, oz. 2. 
Sinapisms prepared, p’k’ge 1. 
Vials, prescription, assorted, doz. 1. 
Trusses, single, No. 2. 
Hard Rubber Syringe, 12 oz., No. 1. 
Sponge, fine pieces, doz. % 
Portfolio, No. 1. 
Towels, doz. 1. 
Muslin, yards 6. 
Red flannel, yards 2. 10 
U. S. A. MEDICAL TRANSPORT CART, 
For a list of the contents of tray No. 4, see the preceding page. 
Tray No. 5, of the same superficial dimensions as the others and 
•eight inches deep, is devoted to hospital stores. 
Fig. 5.— Tray'No. 4 of Medicine Chest. 
tray contains— 
Spiritus Vini Galiici,oz. 24. 
Spiritus Frumenti, oz. 24. 
Spiritus Rectificatus, oz. 24. 
Oleum OlivEe, oz. 12. 
Syrupus Scillie, oz. 12. 
Fig. 6.— Tray No. 5 of Medicine Chest. 
One tin can for Magnesiae Sulphas. 
One tin can for Pulvis Lini. 
One tin can for White Sugar. 
Two spaces left to be filled at discretion. MODEL OF 1876. 
Mess Chest.—The mess chest has been furnished with such utensils as 
are commonly on hand at every post, and is intended to supply the wants 
of a temporary field hospital for twelve patients. It has a set of three 
black walnut trays, each twelve inches wide and sixteen inches long, fit- 
ting one above another. The remainder of the chest is left vacant for 
packing the larger utensils. 
Tray No. 1 is four inches in depth and is subdivided as shown in the 
diagram, (Fig. 7.) 
Fig. 7.— Tray No. 1,0/ Mess Chest. 
This tray contains— 
Knives table, No. 12. 
Knives, carving, No. 1. 
Forks, table, No. 12. 
Forks, carving, No. 1. 
Spoons, table, No. 12. 
Spoons, tea, No. 12. 
Nutmeg grater, No. x. • 
Plates, tin, doz. i. 
Pepperbox, No. i. 
Salt box, No. i. 
Tin case for matches, No. x, 
Tray No. 2 of the mess chest is five inches in depth, and, designed for 
cans and packages of various sizes, is not divided into compartments. 
Fig. 8.— Tray No. 2, of Mess Chest. 
This tray is intended to be packed with extract of beef in cans or jars, 
condensed milk in cans, farina in papers, corn-starch in papers, and any 
other article of nourishment or comfort for the sick which may be re- 
garded as necessary by the medical officer. 12 
U. S. A. MEDICAL TRANSPORT CART, 
Tray No. 3, six inches deep, is divided into compartments and fur- 
nished with tin cans, as indicated in the subjoined cut, (Fig. 9.) 
Fig. 9.— Tray No. 3, of Mess Chest 
This tray contains cans for— 
Butter, 
Coffee, ground or green, 
Pepper, 
Salt, 
Sugar, 
Tea ; or for any other articles desired. 
The large space in the chest unoccupied by the trays is to be packed 
with the following articles: 
Basin, tin, washhand, No. 2. Knives, butchers’, No. 1. 
Cleaver, No. 1. Ladles, No. 1. 
Cups, Britannia, No. 12. Lantern, No. 1. 
Cups, tin, (1 qt., 1 pt.,) No. 2. Pans, frying, No. 1. 
Dippers, assorted, No. 2. Pans, sauce, No. 1. 
Dishes, tin, No. 6 Pots, coffee, tin, No. 1. 
Grater, large, No. 1. Pots, tea, tin, No. 1. 
Gridiron, No. 1. Saws, butchers’, No. 1. 
Kettles, camp, covered, No. x. Steelyards, No. 1. 
Kettles, tea, iron, No. 1. Trays, tin, No. 1. 
To secure the articles contained in the mess chest against injury by 
motion, it will be advisable to pack the spaces firmly with oakum, or 
some yielding and clean material. Oakum is mentioned from the fact 
that it is nearly always found at posts, is cleanly, and, in cases of emer- 
gency, may be taken into use as a surgical dressing, or to pad splints. 
In case it is thought advisable to enlarge the list above given, by the 
addition of the “ Norwegian Kitchen,” or cooking apparatus, the contents 
of the larger space may, by a little practice, be so economically disposed as 
to give sufficient room for it. 
It is believed that every thing which can contribute to the well being 
of the sick men of a small command in the field has been provided in 
these chests, so far as space would allow. 
Surgical Chest.—By direction of the Surgeon General, Assistant Sur- 
geon G. A. Otis, U. S. A., was charged with the outfit of the surgical 
chest. The objects held in view were to provide an adequate supply 
of restoratives, amesthetics, instruments, and appliances for every pri- 
mary dressing or operation needful and practicable in the field, and to 
eschew everything superfluous. MODEL OF 1876. 
This chest contains, in the first place, a set of such carpenter’s tools 
as are requisite for rough and ready work about a field hospital. These 
are packed in the uppermost of two black walnut trays, of the superfi- 
cial dimensions of the interior of the chest, as follows : 
List of Carpenter’s Tools in Tray No. 1. 
Hand Saws, (1 rip, 1 cross) No. 2. 
Key-hole Saw, No. 1. 
Hammer, claw, No. 1. 
Hatchet, with hammer head, No. 1. 
Draw Knife, No. 1. 
Chisel, )4 inch. No. 1. 
Gouge, yz inch, No 1. 
Brace, and complete set of bits, No. 1. 
Screw-driver, 8 inch, No. 1. 
Wire Pliers, 1 round, 1 flat, medium size, No. 2. 
Forceps, assorted, as used by gas-fitters, No. 3. 
Screw or Monkey-wrench, medium size, No. 1. 
Tool Chest (so called) or hollow handle) 
fitted with brad-awls, etc., J °' ** 
Square, Carpenter’s, medium size, No. 1 
Compass, Carpenter’s, medium size, No. 1. 
Tacks, papers, assorted sizes, No. 2. 
Brads, medium size, Papers, 1. 
Nails, shingle, lbs. 1, 8-penny, lbs. 2, 10-penny, 
lbs. 1. 
Screws, assorted, lbs. 2. 
Plane, smoothing, short, No. 1. 
File, half round, medium size, No. 1. 
File, rat-tail, medium size, No. 1. 
Hone, No. 1. 
The second or centre tray is furnished with the following articles: 
Candles, best sperm, lbs. 2. 
Flint and tinder, and steel, in tin box, No. 1. 
Lamp, alcohol, Mauck’s patent, in tin) 
... f No. 1. 
heating vessel, 1 
Note-paper, commercial, quires, 3. 
Penholders, No. 2. 
Memorandum paper, block, 1. 
Pens, steel, No. 12. 
Inkstand, traveller’s, No. 1. 
Roller, bandages, muslin, 1 in. x x yd., "1 
12 ; 2 in. x 3 yds., 24 ; 2, 2)4 ins. x 3 I 
yds.,24; 3 in. x 4 yds., 12 ; 3)4 in. x 5 doz. 8. 
yds., 12; 4 in. x 6 yds., 6; 4 in. x 8 j 
yds., 6 j 
Triangular compresses, large 50, small 50. 
Wire gauge, for splints, yds. 1. 
Adhesive plaster, in tin cases, yds. 10. 
Ichthyocolla plaster, in tin cases, yds. 4. 
Oil silk, yds. 2)4- 
Lint, patent, best flax, in rolls, lbs. 4. 
Ligature, thread, best linen, 16 in. long,) 
waxed, and put up in papers, ) oz' 
Silk, best saddlers’ or ligature, oz. 8. 
Wire, silver suture, on spool, yds. 12. 
Whiskey in flask, pint, 1. 
1 oz. bottle strong liquor Ammoniae. 
1 box of too 1 gr. Opium pills. 
1 leather covered 16 oz. flask Chloroform, with a 
shoulder sling. 
Wax, yellow, in paper, oz. 8. 
Sponges, large, bleached, soft, bell, No. 2. 
Surgeon’s sponge, best velvet, medium, assorted 
sizes, oz. 8. 
Splints, felt, (Ahl’s,) set 1. 
Splints, wire, anterior, (N. R. Smith’s,) No. 3. 
Suspensory bandages, No. 6. 
(Esophageal tube, No. 1. 
Brushes, for gypsum dressing, No. 2. 
Matches, wax, cans 6. 
Matches, ordinary, package 1. 
The third compartment or bottom of the chest is supplied as follows: 
Candlesticks, No. 2. 
Plaster of Paris, in tin cans, lbs. 10. 
Chloroform, in tin can with screw stopper, lbs. 10. 
Simple cerate, in can, lb. 1. 
Powdered mustard, in can, lb. 1. 
Twine, (stout,) 8 oz., finer, 8 oz. 
Jack-knife, stout, with cork-screw, No. 1. 
Spirits of camphor, oz. 16. 
Elastic catheters, English, assorted, No. 6. 
Alcohol, oz. 32. 
Binder’s board, for splints, ins. x 12 ins. 6 
pieces, 4 ins. x 17 ins., 6 pieces,) doz. 1. 
Worsted binding, (1 in. x 6 yds.,) pieces 1. 
Tape, stout linen, yds. 50 
Green silk, for eye shades, yards 
Camel’s hair brushes, in phial, No. 12. 
Wax tapers, boxes 2. 
Needles, sewing, assorted, 25. 
Cotton thread, spools 3. 
Shears, for gypsum bandage, No. 1. 
Brass dressing pan, (army pattern,) No. 1. 
Drainage tubes, No. 6. 
Napkins, for ophthalmia, doz. 1. 
Roller bandages, flannel, (4 ins. x 6 yds.,) doz. 1. 
Towels, doz. J4- 
Oakum, (q. s. to pack closely.) 
Cotton, antiseptic, rolls 2. 
Cotton batting, (q. s. to fill vacant spaces.) 
Steward’s pocket case.* 
Compact fiald case.J U. S. A. MEDICAL TRANSPORT CART, 
As the two cases of surgical instruments allowed medical officers as 
personal sets for capital and minor operations are, necessarily, large and 
inconvenient for field transportation, Dr. Otis was instructed to select 
a set that should constitute a Compact Field Case, mentioned in the 
preceding list (f) as part of the contents of the bottom compartment of 
the Surgical Chest. It has been his endeavor to place in the case such 
instruments as are necessary for primary operations for traumatic cause, 
not reducing their size below the best models in order to pack them in 
a narrow compass, but securing economy of space by careful packing, 
and, in some cases, by making parts of instruments interchangeable. 
TRAY No. I. 
Fig. 10.—Tray of the Compact Field Case fitting over the compartment A, contains 1 strong cartilage 
knife, 1 small amputating knife, 1 medium catling, 1 medium amputating knife, 1 large catling, 1 major 
amputating knife 1 straight sharp pointed bistoury, 1 curved sharp pointed bistoury, 1 probe pointed 
curved bistoury, 1 long straight probe pointed bistoury, 1 tenaculum, 1 large scalpel, 1 small and 1 very 
small knife for dissections and ligations. 
In a few instances, slight modifications, suggested by the experience of 
the war, have been introduced in well-known patterns of the armamen- 
tarium. With the skilful collaboration of Mr. Stohlmann, of Tiemann 
& Co., it is believed that the effort to secure compactness, at least, has 
been remarkably successful. The drawings (Figs. 10, 11, 12) explain 
the arrangement of the case. 
Fig. ii.—Tray of the Compact Field Case fitting into compartment B, contains i Hey’s saw, i torsion 
forceps, i needle forceps, i artery-needle holder with 4 points and 1 key. 
TRAY No.a. 
Two trays containing knives for amputations, excisions, and dissec- 
tions, with artery needles and forceps and a Hey’s saw, fit into the two MODEL OF 1876. 
compartments of the case represented in Figure 12. The upper com- 
partment, B, contains saws, probes, bullet-extractors, etc. The lower 
compartment, A, the tourniquet and large resecting instruments. 
Fig. 12.—Compact Field Case. Compartment A contains : i tourniquet, i large Liston’s bone 
cutter, i gnawing forceps, i sequestrum forceps, i Lion forceps, i conical trephine, x trephine-brush, 2 
German-silver retractors, 1 osteotome, handle with four points, 1 tire-fond, 1 Ollier’s curved osteotome 
and chain saw conductor, 1 scissors, 1 dissecting forceps, 1 artery forceps, 1 silver grooved director. 
Co7npartment B contains : 1 major saw with 2 extra narrower blades, 1 movable back saw, 1 English No. 
6 gum elastic catheter, 1 elevator, 1 bullet forceps, (model Gemiig,) 1 bullet forceps, (model Tiemann,) 1 
long articulated probe or sonde de poitrine, with 2 Nelaton or porcelain tips, and 1 burr-headed ball- 
searcher. In lower end tray, 1 chain-saw (model Charriere) with conducting needle ; in upper end tray, 
10 large serres-fines, 2 coils of annealed iron wire. In tray D, under movable-back saw, silk, linen and 
catgut ligatures, wax, silver suture wire, surgeon’s curved needles, acupressure pins, 2 silver probes. 
To save the surgeon’s pocket case of instruments, it was thought ad- 
visable to add a steward’s pocket case, (*). This is of sheep’s skin, in 
two folds, and holds a stout pair of scissors, a dissecting forceps, two 
probes, a spatula, a scalpel and bistoury folding in a shell-handle, a 
thumb-lancet, and, in a pocket, surgeon’s needles, silk, etc. 
The triangular compresses mentioned among the contents of the cen- 
tre tray, are made by dividing diagonally a yard square of unsized 
muslin. One, in the package, is printed with Esmarch’s illustrations of 
Mayor’s system of scarf-bandaging. With these compresses are put up U. S. A. MEDICAL TRANSPORT CART. 
fifty small compresses for primary application to fresh wounds, etc., 
consisting of a bit of lint and cliarpie, and a folded scrap of muslin ; the 
whole enveloped in waxed paper. 
The several chests were packed under the supervision of Lieutenant- 
Colonel C. Sutherland, Assistant Medical Purveyor, U. S. A. When 
loaded, the surgical chest weighed 203 pounds; the medical chest, 226 
pounds; the mess chest, 173 pounds. 
Three folded double colored blankets, of the hospital pattern, are to 
be strapped on the forward chest, and a rubber blanket to be spread 
and secured over the entire load. It is intended that the driver may sit 
on the front box, and experiment shows that in this position he has 
good control of the reins and as firm a seat as the driver of a caisson. 
Iron loops or holdfasts have been attached to the forward braces of 
cither panel for greater security. 
The cart itself, without a load, weighs 420 pounds. Adding the 
weight of the three packed chests, or 602 pounds, allowing 50 pounds for 
the blankets and 148 pounds for the driver, the total weight to be drawn 
is 1220 pounds. As it is estimated by the best authorities (McAdam 
and others) that a stout cart-horse loi,- hands high should be equal to 
the traction of 3200 pounds over ordinary roads at 3 miles an hour, the 
weight of the entire load is within limits even for long and rapid 
marches. 
Several officers have advised that a detached seat supported by iron 
stays should be constructed for the driver; but to this it has been ob- 
jected that such a seat would add to the complexity and expense of the 
vehicle, and make it more liable to be used for other purposes than that 
for which it is designed, and, principally, that such an arrangement 
would necessitate lowering the forward box and thus destroying the 
uniformity in the dimensions of the chests, which is an important 
feature in the plan. 
This pattern of medical transport cart has not yet been tested in 
actual service ; but the preliminary practical trials that have been made 
with it indicate that it will prove a convenient and important addition 
to the army field equipment. » 
The three chests of the U. S. A. Medical Transport Cart, intended for exhibition 
at the World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, New Orleans, Louisi- 
ana, 1884—’85, was, by authority of the Surgeon G-eneral U. S. Army, repacked 
under the supervision of Bvt. Brig. General Thos. A. McYarlin, Assistant Medical 
Purveyor, U. S. A., New York City. 
Henm McElderry, 
Assistant Surgeon, TJ. S. A, 
In charge of the Representation of the Medical Department, Uf S. A. U. S, A. Medical Transport Cart, Model of 1876. The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
Medical lepariineni, United States irmy, 
EXHIBIT-CLASS <L. 
No. 5. 
DBSORIPTIOIT 
OF 
SELECTED SPECIMENS 
FROM THE 
Medical and Surgical Sections of the Army Medical Museum 
AT 
WASHINGTON, D. O., 
Surgeon JOHN S. BILLINGS, U. S. A., 
Curator of Army Medical Museum. 
HENRY McELDERRY. 
Assistant Surgeon, U S. A., 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, U. S. A. 
New Orleans, La., 1884-85. The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition. 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
Medical Department. United Status Army. 
EXHIBIT CLASS 4. 
No. .5. 
ID ESC ELLIPTIC)IN" 
OF 
SELECTED SPECIMENS 
FROM THE 
Medical and Surgical Sections of the Army Medical Museum 
AT 
WASHINGTON, IT. C., 
BY 
Surgeon JOHN S. BILLINGS, U. S. A., 
Curator of Army Medical Museum. 
HENRY McELDERRY. 
Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, U. S. A. 
New Orleans, La., 1884-85. THE WORLD’S INDUSTRIAL AND COTTON CENTENNIAL 
EXROSIITION 
AT NEW ORLEANS, LA., 
—1884-85. 
DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED SPECIMENS 
FROM 
THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SECTIONS 
OF THE 
ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM 
AT 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 
The exhibition from the Army Medical Museum includes 
specimens illustrating normal and pathological human 
anatomy, comparative osteology and histology ; also means 
of transportation of sick and wounded by land and water, 
plans and models of hospitals, surgical instruments and ap- 
pliances, anthropometrical instruments, microscopes, culture 
apparatus, and surgical photographs. 
The primary object of the Army Medical Museum was 
the collection and preservation of specimens illustrative of 
wounds and of the diseases of armies, as an important step 
in the study of the best means of diminishing disease and 
mortality among soldiers, and of rendering them as effective 
as possible. It was soon found necessary to extend the scope 
of the collection to include all forms of injuries and diseases, 
and also to obtain typical specimens of normal human and 
of comparative anatomy. An effort has also been made to 
form a collection of surgical instruments, of apparatus con- 
nected with the transportation of sick and wounded, and of 
instruments for diagnosis and for physiological research, including microscopes and culture apparatus. At the pres- 
ent time the Museum contains 2,230 specimens in the sec- 
tion of normal anatomy, 2,530 in that of comparative anat- 
omy, 9,280 specimens in the pathological section, 8,400 
specimens in the microscopical section, and 108 specimens in 
the miscellaneous section, devoted to apparatus, instruments, 
etc., forming a total of 22,014 specimens, illustrative of all 
branches of medical and surgical science. Large as these 
numbers may appear, there yet remain many gaps in each 
series, which should be filled as rapidly as possible. The 
appropriations annually made by Congress for the support 
of the Museum are but little more than sufficient for the 
current running expenses of the establishment, leaving only 
a small margin for the .acquisition of additional specimens, 
and the Surgeon General therefore appeals to all medical 
men to aid, by contribution of specimens, an institution 
which is already of great value and interest, having an envi- 
able reputation both in Europe and this country, and which, 
it is believed, is destined to be of great importance in the 
advancement of medical science. In recent through 
the co-operation of the officers of the medical staff and of 
many practitioners in civil life, many interesting patholog- 
ical specimens have been obtained ; and it is gratifying to be 
able to state that the number of contributors is steadily increas- 
ing, as the facilities afforded by the Museum for the permanent 
preservation of pathological specimens, and of the records 
connected with them, are more and more appreciated. Prac- 
titioners—who have not the time or facilities for the making 
of minute dissections or preparations of morbid conditions— 
are usually willing to forward to the Museum the results of 
their operations or autopsies, feeling sure that such speci- 
mens will be carefully examined, and, if of value, properly 
prepared and preserved, so that they may be available for 
study by any physician who chooses to visit the Museum for 
that purpose. It is only necessary that contributors should 
properly pack the material for transportation by express, 
placing them in hermetically-sealed cans, with alcohol when necessary, or, in the case of many specimens, packing them 
in sawdust or salt. Freight charges are defrayed by the 
Museum; and those specimens which are found to be of 
value are mounted permanently, and all data respecting 
them are placed on record. 
In cases of special interest the Museum will return to its 
contributors photographs of the specimens after they have 
been properly prepared. Among the specimens which are 
more particularly desired at present, in order to complete 
the pathological series of the Museum, may be named : 
1. Specimens illustrating the ultimate result of wounds 
and operations, especially if connected with the late war— 
such as Fractures, Resections, Amputation Stumps, etc. 
2. Aneurisms; Embolism; diseases of arteries and veins, of 
bursse, or of synovial sheaths; diseases of the bones or joints; 
hernia. 
3. Hypertrophy localized ; tumors of all kinds. 
4. Effects of osteo-malacia, rickets, syphilis. 
5. Diseases of the Ear, Eye, Pancreas, Skin (including tat- 
tooing), and supra-renal capsules. 
6. Sclerosis or atrophy of brain and spinal cord. 
7. Acute yellow atrophy of liver. 
8. Contracted gouty form of liver. 
9. Calculi; foreign bodies in situ. 
10. Parasites, except lumbricoids and headless tapeworms. 
11. Diseases and results of old injuries in animals. 
12. Casts, drawings, and photographs. 
13. Specimens illustrating the pathological anatomy of 
scurvy, cerebro-spinal meningitis, cholera, leprosy, yellow 
fever. 
14. Abnormities and Deformities of all kinds ; monsters. 
15. Atrophy of old age. 16. Specimens of skeletons, as complete as possible, of very 
old men or women, especially if the ages are known ; also of 
bones of very old animals. 
John S. Billings, 
Surgeon U. S. Army, 
Curator Army Medical Museum. 
I.—Illustrations of Injuries of the Cranium. 
1. (3639.) A calvaria showing the effects of contusion by a shot projec- 
tile an inch behind the coronal suture. There is superficial necrosis with- 
out, and slight fissure and depression within. The patient survived the 
injury seventeen days. (See Cat. 1866, p. 8; Med. and Surg. Hist., Part I, 
Vol. II, p. 146.) Donor, Dr. II. Mullen. 
2. (1568.) Section of left parietal with fracture of the inner table, from 
oblique impact of a musket hall on the outer table. Patient died of menin- 
gitis after nine days. (See Circ. 6, S. G. O., 1865, p. 10; Cat. 1866, p. 7; 
Med. and Surg. Hist., Part I, Yol. II, p. 142.) Contributed by Dr. II. W. 
Coale. 
8. (2121.) Segment of right parietal; one fragment of a conical ball, 
which split longitudinally upon the bone, was extracted from within the 
cranial cavity, the other fragment lodged beneath the occipito-frontalis. 
The patient survived the injury thirteen days. (See Cat. 1866, p. 14, and 
Med. and Surg. Hist., Part I, Yol. II, p. 181.) Donor, Surgeon J. Dwindle, 
106th Pennsylvania. 
4. (3220.) Segment of the calvaria of a quadroon of 21, showing a per- 
foration of the left parietal by a pistol ball at close range. The missile was 
arrested on the opposite side, after traversing both hemispheres of the cer- 
ebrum. The patient survived live days. (See Cat. 1866, p. 25, and Med. 
and Surg. Hist., Part I, Vol. II, p. 318.) Donor, Surgeon E. Bentley, 
U. S. Y. 
5. (1108 .) Part of cranium, showing a conoidal ball embedded and in- 
crusted between the sphenoid and frontal bones. The aperture of entrance 
through the right orbit is partly obliterated by osseous depositions. The 
patient lived G4 days after the injury. No marked cerebral disturbance ap- 
peared until the ninth week. (See Cat. 1866, p. 28; Med. and Surg. Hist., 
Part I, Vol. II, p. 205.) Donor, Dr. G. II. Dare. 
6. (5116.) Base of a cranium, with a round pistol-ball embedded in the 
left carotid canal. The specimen was purchased with the Gibson cabinet. 
It was found in the catacombs of Paris; and, according to tradition, the pa- 
tient survived the injury many years. 
7. (5531.) Cranium of a California Indian, killed by a stone-headed 
arrow, which is seen penetrating the left malar bone and orbit. The skull 7 
Was found by Dr. C. Yates, in Alameda county, California, and was con- 
tributed to the Smithsonian Institution, and numbered 8106. It was trans- 
ferred to the Army Medical Museum January 25, 1867. 
8. (5908.) Cranium of a soldier of the 4th cavalry, killed by Indians 
near Fort Concho, Texas, September 30, 1870. The iron arrow-head im- 
pacted in the left temporal with but slight splintering, produced speedily 
fatal intracranial haemorrhage. (See Circular No. 3, S. G. O., 1871, p. 150.) 
Donor, Brevet-Major \V. M. Notson, Assistant Surgeon U. S. A. 
9. (6900.) Cranium of a colored man, showing comminution and depres- 
sion of the left parietal and frontal bones, the result of “butting.” Donor, 
Dr. J. F. Hartigan. 
10. (9231.) Base of cranium, showing double longitudinal fracture, caused 
by a kick of a horse. Death on the 10th day after the injury from cerebral 
haemorrhage. Donor, Dr. D. S. Lamb. 
11. (9242.) Portion of left side of vault of cranium, showing oval de- 
pressed healed fracture. The injury had been caused by a piece of shell. 
Death from drowning 13 years after injury. Donor, Dr. R. B. Bontecon. 
II.—Illustrations of Injuries of the Trunk. 
12. (2843.) Six dorsal vertebras, showing a shot fracture of the spinous 
and transverse processes and lamina of the third vertebra. The ball passed 
through the left lung, and the patient survived only one [Cat. 1866, p. 
58; Med. and Sure/. Hist., Part I, Yol. II, p. 485.) Donor, H. M. Dean. 
13. (2762.) Third lumbar vertebra with a conoidal ball and shreds of 
clothing embedded. The patient died from tetanus after nine days. [Cat. 
1866, p. 60.) Donor, Dr. G. A. Mursick. 
14. (2902.) Fifth lumbar vertebra and sacrum with a musket-ball im- 
pacted in the upper left sacral foramen, from a soldier, 23 years old, 
wounded May 10, 1864, became paraplegic, and died May 15, 1864. (See 
Cat. 1866, p. 227; Med. and Surg. Hist., Part II, Yol. II, p. 248.) Donor, 
Dr. O. P. Sweet. 
15. (1641.) Left innominatum and longitudinal half of sacrum, from a 
soldier of 21 years, wounded May 3d and died July 8, 1863. A battered 
conoidal ball, which perforated the ilium and lodged in the sacrum, is at- 
tached. (See Cat. 1866, p. 228; Med. and Surg. Hist., Part II, Yol. II, p. 
217.) Donor, Acting Assistant Surgeon Carlos Garvallo. 
16. (4130.) Left os innominatum and sacrum perforated by a shell frag- 
ment, from a soldier 35 years old, wounded April 6th, died April 28, 1865, 
from hemorrhage. (Cat. 1866, p. 228, and Med. and Surg. Hist., Part II, 
Yol. II, p. 223.) Donor, Surgeon J. C. McKee, IT. S. A. 
17. (819.) Round bill 1 impacted near the tuberosity of the right ischium, 
from case of Private \V. L , 23d North Carolina, wounded at South Mountain September 12, 1862, died, as supposed, from the effects of chloro- 
form, October 28, 1862. (See Cat. 1866, p. 224; Med. and Surg. Hist., Part 
II, Vol. II, p. 242.) Donor, Dr. R. Davies. 
18. (1246.) Conoidal ball impacted in right ischium. Case of Private 
S. W , 23d New Jersey, wounded at Chancellorsville May 3d, died of 
secondary hemorrhage May 24,1863. (See Cat. 1866, p. 227; Med. and Surg. 
Hist., Part II, Vol. II, p. 242.) Donor, Assistant Surgeon W. Thomson, 
U. S. A. 
19. (3597.) Aneurismal varix of the left femoral vessels, showing, with 
the varicose veins and dilated arteries, a portion of the aorta. The iliacs 
have been successively tied by Acting Assistant Surgeon J. 11. Cutter. The 
patient died September 21, 1864, four days after the ligation of the primitive 
iliac. (See Am. Jour. Med. Sci., 1864, Vol. XLVIII, p. 36; Ibid, 1865, 
Vol. L, p. 391; Cat. Surg. Sect., 1866, p. 469; Med. and Surg. Hist., Part 
II, Vol. II, p. 336.) Donor, Assistant Surgeon J. Theodore Calhoun, 
U. S. A. 
20. (1926.) A portion of the omentum magnum, in the folds of which is 
lodged a conoidal bullet, which entered the left loin below the twelfth rib, 
traversed the abdominal muscles to the right side, whence it probably ulcer- 
ated through the abdominal wall into the cavity. The patient, a soldier, 
wounded at Antietam, survived the injury six weeks. (See Cat. 1866, p. 
490, and Med and Surg. Hist., Part II, Vol. II, p. 174.) Donor, Dr. W. W. 
Keen, Jr. 
21. (7304.) The third, fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra with a conoidal 
ball lodged with its apex forward and downward in a depression of the pos- 
terior part of the body and the anterior part of the left lamina of the fifth 
vertebra, having apparently entered through the intervertebral foramen of the 
fourth and fifth. Death occurred 18 years after injury. Donor, Dr. J. O. 
Stanton. 
22. (9246.) Adjoining horizontal halves of first and second dorsal verte- 
bra; a knife-blade has perforated the left lamina of the upper vertebra and 
passed forward through the spinal canal as far as the body of the vertebra, 
dividing the cord. Death from tetanus on the 27th day. Donor, Acting 
Assistant Surgeon F. A. Atkins. 
III.—Illustrations of Vesical Calculi. 
1. (6203.) Vesical concretion, weighing 580 grains (Troy,) consisting of a 
pistol-ball enveloped in triple phosphates, removed by lateral lithotomy, by 
Professor H. McGuire, from a man, aged about 40 years, who received an 
accidental shot penetration of the bladder in 1867, and was successfully 
operated on in December, 1870. (See Virginia Clinical Record, 1871, Vol. 
I, p. 46; Med. and Surg. Hist., Part 11, Vol. II, p. 275; Virginia Med. 
Monthly, 1875, Vol. I, p. 543.) Donated by the operator. 9 
2. 5931. Yesical calculus having an iron arrow-head as a nucleus. The 
concretion weighs 857 grains (Troy.) It was successfully removed by lat- 
eral lithotomy by Assistant Surgeon W. H. Forwood, IT. S. A., at Fort 
Sill, August 23, 1869, from Satamore, a Kiowa chief, aged 42" years, 
wounded through the right sciatic notch, near Fort Earned, in 1862, in a 
fight with Pawnees. (See Circular No. 3, S. G. O., 1871, p. 260 ; Med. and, 
Surg. Hist., Part II, Yol. II, p. 276.) Donor, Dr. W. H. Forwood. 
3. (4848.) A mulberry calculus, weighing 1,191.6 grains, successfully re- 
moved by lateral lithotomy, August, 1867, by Dr. N. S. Lincoln, in the 
case of a man of 50 years. (Richmond and Louisville Med. Jour., 1869, Yol. 
VII, p. 423.) Contributed by the operator. 
4. (4846.) A large, nearly globular, urinary calculus, weighing 2,515 
grains, removed by lithotomy, by Dr. J. G. F. Holston. Obtained by ex- 
change from the National Medical College. 
I 
IV.—Illustrations of Injuries of Upper Extremities. 
1. (3161.) Head of left humerus excised on account of penetration by a 
musket-ball, which is impacted. (See Cat. 1866, p. 104; Med. and Surg. 
Hist., Part II, Yol. II, p. 573.) 
2. (4343.) A segment of the head of the right humerus shattered by shot 
and secondarily excised, with a good result, showing that such partial exci- 
sions are not invariably disadvantageous. (See Cat. 1866, p. 97 ; Med. and 
Surg.Hist., Yurt II,Yol. Ill, p. 527.) Honor, Surgeon R. B. Bontecon, IT. S. Y. 
3. (1118.) Upper extremity of right humerus, shattered by a ball and ex- 
cised intermediarily by Assistant Surgeon C. A. McCall, U. S. A. Case of 
Private E. H. Woods, 6th Maine, wounded at Chancellorsville May 3, 
1863. lie was fitted with an apparatus by Dr. E. D. Hudson, who reported, 
in 186;!, that the diaphysis had been partially reproduced. (See Cat. 1866, 
p. 109; Med. and Surg. Hist., Part II, Yol. II, p. 580.) Contributed by 
the operator. 
4. (734.) The left elbow joint, excised by Surgeon T. Moses, U. S. Y., for 
a shot fracture of the inner condyle of the humerus. The patient recovered, 
and was pensioned. (See Cat. 18661, p. 161; Med. and Surg. Hist., Part II, 
Yol. II, p. 890.) Contributed by the operator. 
5. (4249.) The tip of the olecranon and three inches of the lower extremity 
of the left humerus, successfully excised by Assistant Surgeon A. W. Camp- 
bell, 11th New York Cavalry, for compound fracture caused by a fall from 
a horse. (See Cat. 1866, p. 159.) Donor, Dr. M. I). Benedict. 
6. (531.) The right radius, showing a simple consolidated fracture with 
slight angular displacement, without shortening. This specimen, which is 
more than two hundred years old, was picked up upon an ancient battle- 
field on Oaku, Sandwich Islands. [Cat. 1866, p. 194.) Donor, Assistant 
Surgeon W. R. DeWitt, Jr., U. S. Y. V.—Illustrations of Injuries of the Lower Extremities. 
1. (3520.) The upper fifth of the right femur, sawn longitudinally, showing 
a penetrating fracture of the neck by a pistol ball, which lodged, exposing 
its surface just within the capsule. The injury resulted in suppurative de- 
struction of the joint. The patient survived the injury two months. (See 
Cat. 1866, p. 235, and Circ. No. 2, S. G.O., 1869, p. 114.) Donor, Assistant 
Surgeon W. Thomson, U. S. A. 
2. (86.) The upper third of the right femur, fractured by a conoidal ball, 
which entered from the front and perforated the bone at the base of the neck, 
lodging in the great trochanter, and producing a longitudinal fracture ex- 
tending to the articulation and reaching six inches down the shaft. The 
patient died twelve days after the injury. (See Cat. 1866, p. 236, and Circ. 
No. 2, S. G. O., 1869, p. 81.) Donor, Dr. J. P. Arthur. 
The two following preparations illustrate amputation at 
the hip: 
3. (4237.) Upper two-thirds of the right femur, amputated at the hip-joint 
by Surgeon E. Griswold, U. S. V., April 12, 1865, for an oblique shot frac- 
ture at the base of the great trochanter, with a complete longitudinal fracture 
extending eight inches down the shaft, in the case of a soldier of the 2d New 
York Mounted Rifles, aged 17, wounded March 31, 1865. The patient sur- 
vived the operation less than an hour. (Circ. 6, 1865, pp. 50 and 72 ; Cat. 
1866, p. 248; Circ. 7, 1867, p. 39.) Donor, Surgeon E. Griswold, U. S. V. 
4. (4386.) The left femur amputated at the liip-joint by Surgeon E. Bent- 
ley, U. S. V., from complications resulting from an imperfectly united shot 
fracture at the junction of the upper thirds, in the case of Private G. W. 
L , 6th Maryland, aged 30, wounded May 5, 1864, and amputated Octo- 
ber 12, 1865. The patient recovered and was pensioned. [Cat. 1866, p. 248; 
Circ. 7, 1867, p. 42.) Donor, Surgeon E. Bentley, U. S. V. 
5. (3881-’82.) Specimens representing united shot fractures in both 
thigh-bones. The right femur united, two inches shortened, after fracture 
in the upper third. The left wdth two and a half inches shortening and 
angular deformity. The patient survived these injuries seven months and 
thirteen days. (Cat. 1866, pp. 265, 279.) Donor, Acting Assistant Surgeon 
G. M. Paullin. 
6. (3394.) Upper portion of the left femur, badly comminuted by shot 
below the trochanters and united with displacement and profuse deposit of 
callus. A number of large fragments preserved their life, to connect the 
broken shaft. From a soldier in a Nashville hospital. (Cat. 1866, p. 281.) 
Donor, Assistant Surgeon C. C. Byrne, U. S. A. 
7. (4201.) Upper half of the left femur contused by shot at the junction 
of the upper third. An exfoliation at the seat of injury is nearly separated; 11 
the posterior surface is eroded. The patient, a soldier of the 191st Penn- 
sylvania, aged 30 years, survived the injury forty-seven days. {Cat. 1866, 
p. 258.) Donor, Assistant Surgeon W. F. Norris, TJ. S. A. 
8. (3540.) Upper third of the left femur, longitudinally bisected, with an 
impacted pistol hall in the hase of the neck. The pjitient survived the in- 
jury seventy-two days. (Cat. 1866, p. 260 Circular 2, 1869, p. 71.) Donor, 
Assistant Surgeon W. Thompson, U. S. A. 
9. (1907.) The left femur comminuted in the centre of the shaft hy a coni- 
cal ball, which previously passed through the right thigh, and is attached 
to the specimen much flattened. The patient survived the injury sixteen 
days. [Cat. 1866, p. 267; Circular 6, S. G. O., 1865, p. 33.) Donor, Act- 
ing Assistant Surgeon J. Cass. 
10. (1354.) The left femur, firmly united, with an inch shortening and 
slight lateral deformity, after a fracture in the middle third hy a conoidal ball. 
The large fragments that were split oft' occupy the place of splints held by 
the callus. The point of fracture shows portions of dead hone not yet thrown 
off. The patient, Private J. W , 21st Georgia, aged 38, wounded at 
Fort Steadman March 25, 1865, survived the injury one hundred and eighty- 
two days. Dr. G. K. Smith, who treated the case at Armory Square Hospi- 
tal, regarded it as an example of recovery, and the patient was photographed 
five months after the injury at the Museum. {Surg. Series of Phot., S. G. 
O., Vol. II, p. 42; see also Cat. 1866, p. 270.) Donor, Assistant Surgeon 
W. F. Norris, U. S. A. 
11. (2182.) The left femur, fractured at the junction of the middle and 
lower thirds by a conical ball. The displaced fractured ends of the shaft have 
been connected hy arches of callus. From a soldier of a Kentucky regi- 
ment, who survived the injury forty-nine days. {Cat. 1866, p. 270.) Donor, 
Acting Assistant Surgeon 11. T. Higgins. 
The next series illustrates primary or ulterior lesions in 
the shaft of the femur, amputated for shot injury: 
12. (4120.) The lower half of the right femur, amputated primarily by 
Surgeon I). S. Hays, 110 Pennsylvania, for a severe shot comminution by’a 
conical ball, which has flattened in a mushroom shape against the anterior 
surface of the lower third. The patient, a soldier of the 73d New York, 
aged 46 years, wounded September 11, 1864, recovered and was pensioned. 
{Cat. 1836, p. 256.) Contributed by the operator. 
13. (1413.) The lower half of the right femur, amputated for a trans- 
verse shot fracture in the middle third by a conical ball, which is attached, 
flattened. A very small portion of the laminated structure is wanting at 
the point of impact on the outer surface, and directly opposite a longitudinal 
fissure extends into both fragments. {Cat. 1866, p. 225.) Donor, Surgeon 
C. S. Wood, 66th New York. 14. (2039.) Lower half of the left femur, amputated five days after in- 
jury, by Surgeon J. Aiken, 71st Pennsylvania, for a shot communition in 
the middle third by a conical hall, which is attached. The patient, Private 
P. M , 39th N. Y., wounded February 6, 1864, is a pensioner. (Cat. 
1866, p. 256.) Contributed by the operator. 
15. (30.) Lower half of the right femur, amputated a fortnight after shot 
fracture in the middle third, by Assistant Surgeon J. S. Billings, U. S. A. 
The patient, a soldier, wounded at Williamsburg May 5, 1862, recovered. 
(Cat. 1866, p. 285.) Contributed by the operator. 
16. (3875.) Portion of the left femur, amputated one month after injury 
in the upper third, by Assistant Surgeon R. F. Weir, U. S. A., for shot 
comminution in the middle third with a very oblique fracture. The patient, 
Private J. F , 1st N. Y. Cavalry, aged 21, was wounded July 7, 1865, 
and died tw .ve days after the operation. (Cat. 1866, p. 289.) Donor, Act- 
ing Assistant Surgeon J. H. Bartholf. 
17. (4067.) Greater portion of the shaft of the right femur, amputated 
in the upper third nine days after injury, by Surgeon N. R. Moseley, U. S. 
V., for a shot fracture in the middle third, with extensive longitudinal fis- 
sures, by a conical ball, which is attached, flattened. The patient, a soldier, 
of the 198th Pennsylvania, aged 20, survived the operation six days. (Cat. 
1866, p. 288.) Contributed by the operator. 
The next series illustrates necrosed sequestrse frequently 
found after amputation: 
18. (107.) A cylindrical sequestrum two and a half inches long from a 
stump of the left femur, amputated in the middle third for shot comminution 
of the lower third [Spec. 3734, Sure/. Serf. A. M. M.) hv Acting Assistant Sur- 
geon E. G. Waters. The patient, Sergeant E. U , loth New Jersey, was 
wounded October 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, and amputated November 14, 
1864. March 8, 1865, the sequestrum was removed by Acting Assistant Sur- 
geon B. B. Miles. Exarticulation at the hip was successfully performed by 
Dr. T. G. Morton, February 17, 1866. (See Circ. 7, S. G. ()., 1867, p. 51; 
Cat. 1866, p. 305: Am. Jour. Med. ScL, 1866, Vol. LII', p. 17.) Donor, Dr. 
B. B. Miles. 
19. (4281.) A sequestrum of eight inches, removed from the stump of the 
left femur three months after primary amputation for shot injury. The pa- 
tient, a soldier of the 6th N. Y. Cavalry, aged 23, wounded and amputated 
May 7, 1864, recovered. (Cat. 1866, p. 309.) Donor, Assistant Surgeon W. 
Thomson, U. S. A. 
20. (171.) A sequestrum, eight and a half inches long, removed from the 
stump of the left femur, two months after intermediary amputation in the 
lower third for shot injury. The patient, a corporal of the 64th New \ ork, 
aged 30, wounded at Hatcher’s Run, March 25, 1865, recovered. (Cat, 1866, 
p. 309.) Donor, Assistant Surgeon H. Allen, U. S. A. 13 
Illustrations of shot injuries of the knee from the follow- 
ing series: 
21. (3269.) Bones of the right knee, after amputation in the lower third of 
the thigh, by Surgeon N. it. Moseley, U. S. V., for shot fracture of the tibia 
and fibula, in a case in which Dr. W. H. Ensign had excised the upper por- 
tion of the fibula for gangrene and hemorrhage. The patient, a private of 
the 170th New York, aged 44, (wounded August 25th, excised September 
12th, amputated September 18th, 1864,) survived the amputation three days. 
{Cat. 1866, p. 381.) Donor, Dr. H. G. Bates. 
22. (4135.) The upper extremity of the bones of the left leg, fractured by a 
conoidal ball which perforated from within and below, splintering the head 
of the tibia and resting on the articulation. The patient, Private T. J. T., 
57th Massachusetts, was wounded March 25th, amputated March 30th, and 
discharged on October 30, 1865, and furnished with an artifical limb. {Cat. 
1866, p. 319.) Donor, Surgeon W. O. McDonald, IT. S. V. 
23. (1882.) The bones of the right knee, amputated in the lower third of the 
femur by Surgeon A. N. Dougherty, U. S. V., in the case of Private W. G. 
M , 4th Ohio, wounded at Mine Run, November 27, amputated Decem- 
ber 3, 1863, for a shot fracture of the outer condyle and the head of the tibia. 
A conoidal ball, compressed upon itself, is lodged in the latter bone. The 
patient is 'a pensioner. {Cat. 1866, 348.) Donor, Surgeon J. Dwindle, 
106h Pennsylvania. 
24. (2 2 7 6.) The bones of the left knee, amputated in the lowest third of the 
thigh for fracture of the internal condyle of the femur and of the head of the 
tibia by a conoidal ball, which is impacted in the latter. The patient, Priv- 
ate L. R , 23d North Carolina, aged 34, wounded at Spottsylvania May 
12, was amputated May 14, 1864, and died of pyaemia eleven days after the 
operation. {Cat. 1866, p. 345.) Donor, Surgeon O. A. Judson, U. S. Y. 
25. (6812.) The bones of the left knee, showing a bullet imbedded in the 
femur between the condyles. The patient died of pneumonia over fifteen 
years after the injury, the foreign body having remained in the bone ap- 
parently innocuously during all these years, allowing the patient to walk 
without the least sign of lameness. Donor, Dr. J. Foster Bush. 
Shot injuries of the bones of the leg: 
26. (4387.) The right tibia and fibula, from a ca.se of amputation in the 
lower third of the thigh >ix months after shot fracture in the leg. Tolera- 
ble union has occurred in the fibula. The tibia is partly united, is carious 
at tin' point of fracture, and has a very large and complete foliaeeous deposit 
throughout its greatest length. The patent, a sergeant of the 2d Maryland, 
aged 24, was wounded April 2, and amputated October 14, 1865, and recov- 
ered. {Cat. 1866, p. 392.) Donor, Surgeon E. Bentley, IT. S. V. 27. (38.) The lower halves of the bones of the right leg, with the fibula 
transversely fractured and the tibia shattered by a round ball, which lodged 
about 3 inches above the ankle-joint. Three portions of the tibia and fibula 
below the fractures are connected by bony union. Donor, Assistant Surgeon 
J. B. Brinton, U. S. A. 
28. (2778.) Upper portions of the tibia and fibula of the right leg, with 
hyperostosis of the distal extremities of both bones. Prom a soldier of the 
51st Pennsylvania, wounded at White Oak Swamp June 30, 18(52. (See 
Cat. I860, p. 400.) Donor, Dr. T. G. Morton. 
29. (1956.) Head of left tibia and condyles of the femur, excised five months 
after fracture by a spherical ball, which is lodged in the inner condyle. The 
patient died from pytemia twenty-two days after the operation. (Circ. No. 
6, S. G. O., 1865, p. 59; Cat. 1866, p. 335.) Contributed by the operator, 
Dr. P. Hinkle. 
Shot injuries of the ankle: 
30. (36 07.) Bones of right ankle, amputated thirteen and a half months 
after injury by a ball which entered six inches above the ankle-joint and 
escaped at the point of the heel. The patient, a private of the 44tli Ohio, 
wounded at Missionary Ridge, recovered. (Cat. 1866, p. 435.) Donor, 
Assistant Surgeon G. M. Sternberge, U. S. A. 
31. (3356.) Ligamentous preparation of the right tarsus and metatarsus, 
one month after injury, with a conoidal ball lodged in the carious astragalus. 
Case of Private C. H., 33d Massachusetts, wounded at Dallas May 25, 1864. 
Amputated June 26,1864. (Cat. 1866, p. 428.) Donor, Dr. L. B. McNabb. 
32. (27 83.) Portions of the right tibia, fibula, astragalus, and calcaneum, 
from a successful Pirogoff's amputation. Prom Private O. C , 17th 
Wisconsin, wounded at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. (Cat. 1866, p. 422.) Con- 
tributed by the operator, Acting Assistant Surgeon A. Ilewson. 
33. (4543.) The left astragalus and lower borders of the tibia and fibula, 
from a soldier shot through the ankle at Fredericksburg December 12,1862, 
and amputated by a modification of Syme’s method. 
VI.—Illustration of Various Diseases. 
There are four (4) specimens illustrating the lesions in 
enteric fever: one, of thickening of Peyer’s patches; a second, 
showing thickening with ulceration ; a third, in which per- 
foration has occurred; and a fourth, where the ulcerated 
patch has cicatrized. 
1. (7727.) Portion of ileum with thickened Peyer’s patches ; its solitary 
follicles enlarged to polypoid tumors the size of small shot. Pom a soldier 15 
who died in Lincoln Hospital, Washington, D. C., of a fever diagnosed 
“typhus.” Contributed by Surgeon J. H. Bryant, LT. S. Yols. 
2. (8263.) A portion of ileum with Peyer’s patches much thickened and 
ulcerated. The solitary follicles are enlarged to rounded tumors nearly the 
size of peas, many of them ulcerated at the apices; the villi are hypertro- 
phied. The solitary follicles throughout the whole colon were enlarged to 
tumors the size of peas ; their apices ulcerated. From a soldier of the 12th 
U. S. Infantry, age 25, who died of typhoid fever. Contributed by Assist- 
ant Surgeon W. Thomson, U. S. A. 
3. (7926.) Portion of ileum, taken several feet above the ileo-caecal valve, 
with two ulcerated Peyer’s patches, which present a peculiar cribriform ap- 
pearance. Near the bottom of piece is a deep oval ulcer, the long diameter 
of which is transverse to the gut. At the bottom of this ulcer are two oval 
perforations a short distance apart. The peritoneal surface of the piece is 
coated with a thin film of pseudo-membrane ; some of the solitary follicles 
are ulcerated. The small intestines elsewhere presented several other per- 
forations. The patient had contracted fever before Petersburg, Virginia. 
Contributed by Surgeon W. L. Faxon, LT. S. Yols. 
4. (7958.) From near the middle of the ileum showing pin-head enlarge- 
ment of solitary follicles, with adherent shreds of pseudo-membrane and a 
large oval cicatrix, corresponding in situation with a Peyer’s patch. The 
ileum presented a number of such cicatrices. The colon showed many fol- 
licular ulcers, with a few adherent shreds of pseudo-membrane. From a 
patient who recovered from typhoid fever and subsequently died of chronic 
diarrhoea. Contributed by Acting Assistant Surgeon II. C. May. 
The next two specimens are examples of follicular ulcera- 
tion of the colon. In chronic catarrhal inflammation the 
enlarged solitary follicles of the small intestine long abide 
as little tumors; but those of the colon speedily pass into 
ulceration, and the follicular ulceration is usually associated 
with inflammatory thickenning of the submucosa. In such 
cases tenesmus is sometimes present, sometimes absent; and 
they are spoken of as dysentery by some surgeons, as diar- 
rhoea by others. Pseudo-membranous inflammation of the 
mucous surface between the ulcers is apt to supervene in 
these cases, and this lesion is very generally found when 
acute dysenteric symptoms precede the fatal termination of 
a chronic flux. This complication exists in a number of 
the specimens in the Museum. Follicular ulcers can gen- 
erally be distinguished from the ulcers of diphtheritic dysen- tery by their form ; but in the extensive ulcerations found 
in some chronic cases it is sometimes difficult to be sure which 
process has produced the destruction of tissue observed. 
5. (7909 .) Portion of colon taken near the sigmoid flexure, the mucous 
membrane thickened, and present minute follicular ulcers and pseudo-mem- 
branous frosting. From a soldier of the 8th New York Heavy Artillery, 
who died of chronic diarrhoea. Contributed by Acting Assistant Surgeon R. 
B. Hitz. 
6. (7664.) Portion of descending colon, its mucous membrane much 
thickened and presenting numerous well-marked follicular ulcers. From a 
soldier of the 23d New Jersey who had been sick for two months with fever 
and diarrhoea. The descending colon and sigmoid flexure were as in the 
specimen ; Peyer’s patches were also thickened. Contributed by Assistant 
Surgeon E. J. Marsh, U. S. A. 
The next two specimens are illustrative of the morbid pro- 
cesses of diphtheric dysentery. The characteristic lesions 
are pseudo-membranous deposits on the surface of the mu- 
cous membrane, involving also the mucosa and submucosa, 
and giving rise to sloughing, the sloughs invading the tissue 
of the bowel as deeply as the pseudo-membranous deposit; 
the resulting ulcers are usually of considerable size. 
7. (7830.) Portion of ascending colon, the mucous membrane of which 
is thickened, and presents numerous large excavating ulcers occupying a 
large portion of its surface. Detached shreds of mucous membrane, coated 
with lymph, hang from the edges of the ulcers. From a soldier of the 2d 
Battalion Veteran Reserve Corps, who died of dysentery. The colon 
throughout was in the condition of the specimen. Contributed by Assistant 
Surgeon H. Allen, U. S. A. 
8. (7829.) Fibrinous cast, fourteen inches long from the rectum ; com- 
posed of ordinary croupous lymph. From a soldier of the 4th California, 
who died of chronic dysentery, nearly four and a half months after the dis- 
ease began. The cast was passed on the twenty-first day. Contributed by 
Surgeon S. S. Todd, of the same regiment. 
The next specimen illustrates Epidemic Cholera, as it 
appeared at Fort Riley, Kansas, in the summer of 1867. 
9. (8332.) Portion of ileum, the villi hypertrophied, pin-head enlarge- 
ment of solitary follicles, and Peyer’s patches prominent. From a quarter- 
master’s employe, who, after four days of diarrhoea, from which he appeared 17 
to be recovering, was seized with cramps, and died within two hour Con- 
tributed by Surgeon B. J. D. Irwin, U. S. A. 
The next specimen shows the manner in which the 
Diphtheritic process extends into the bronchi. 
10. (8034.) Portion of lung showing diphtheritic casts in the branches of 
the bronchial tubes. From a medical officer who died of diphtheria. Con- 
tributed by Assistant Surgeon G. M. McGill, U. S. A. 
The next two specimens are examples of metastatic foci, 
quite like those which 'occur in pygemia after gunshot 
wounds, but resulting in these cases from other causes. The 
point of departure of the metastatic process appears to have 
been a subcutaneous abscess in No. 78, an ulcerated colon in 
No. 79, and a collection of pus in the left pleural sac in No. 80. 
11. (8255.) Portion of lower lobe left lung containing a number of small 
pvaemic foci, about the size of peas, a colored boy, age 13, with scrofu- 
lous abscesses in groin and chronic peritonitis. From an autopsy by Dr. S. 
S. Bond, at Freedman’s Hospital, Washington. 
12. (7742.) Portion of liver, presenting a number of metastatic foci. 
From a soldier of the 14th Infantry who had colliquative diarrhoea and gen- 
eral peritonitis. Contributed by Assistant Surgeon E. DeW. Breneman IJ. 
S. A. 
The next three specimens are from cases of Scurvy. Nos. 
14 and 15 present the typhoid lesion as modified in scorbutic 
subjects. 
13. (7451,) Larynx, posterior third of tongue, half arches, and tonsils; 
both tonsils the seat of foul, irregular, and gangrenous ulceration. From a 
patient who died in Marine Hospital, N ew Orleans, in 1862. One of a num- 
ber of fatal cases in the same hospital in which gangrenous ulceration of the 
mouth and throat occurred in debilitated and anaemic (scorbutic) men. Con- 
tributed by Acting Assistant Surgeon R. K. Browne. 
14. (7537.) Portion of ileum with a sloughing Peyer’s patch, remarka- 
ble on account of the great size and pultaceous character of its thickening. 
From a soldier of the 126th New York, in whom the fever supervened upon 
chronic diarrhoea. The colon was of a dirty slate color, with streaks of in- 
flammation here and there. Pneumonia on the right side. Spleen large 
and flabby. A number of irregular spots of purpura, from the size of a 
flea-bite to that of a dime, were observed on the skin, and especially on the 
thighs. Contributed by Acting Assistant Surgeon Joseph Leidy. 18 
15. (7915.) Lower portion of ileum, with ileo-csecal valve and part of 
caecum, showing three Peyer’s patches converted into pultaceous sloughs; 
the solitary follicles are enlarged; many of them, especially near valve, 
ulcerated; these ulcers presenting same character-as those of Peyer’s patches, 
hut smaller. There are also a number ot small sloughing ulcers on the 
under surface of the valve and in the caecum. From a soldier who con- 
tracted typhoid fever before Petersburg in the fall of 1864. Petechiae, suda- 
mina, and haemorrhage from the bowels were prominent symptoms. Con- 
tributed by Acting Assistant Surgeon W. C. Miner. 
Of the next five specimens four are from a remarkable 
example of multiple melanotic cancer. 
16. (8675.) Portion of parietal bone, showing two carcinomatous tumors. 
From an old soldier in whom also the liver was cancerous. Contributed by 
Surgeon C. H. Lamb, U. S. A. 
17. (8274.) Spindle-shaped melanotic tumor, five inches long, weighing 
two and a half ounces, which was situated over the left clavicle and upper 
portion of the sternum, and probably consists of lymphatic glands. 
18. (8276.) Portion of lower lobe of right lung, presenting at its inferior 
angle a lohulated melanotic mass about the size of a hen’s egg. 
19. (8277.) Section of liver, presenting several melanotic nodules ; the 
largest over three-fourths of an inch in diameter. 
20. (8278.) Portion of pancreas, presenting a number of melanotic nod- 
ules, the largest about the size of a pea. From a freedman, age 60, in whom 
numerous other similar deposits were found. The melanotic masses were 
soft, and composed for the most part of irregular, more or less polygonal, 
cells about one-thousandth of an inch in diameter, containing large oval 
nuclei and hrownish-hlack pigment granules. Contributed by Assistant 
Surgeon E. Bentley, U. S. A. 
The next specimen is one of Bronchocele in a child. 
21. (8366.) Larynx, portion of trachea, and thyroid gland of a child ; the 
right lobe of the gland is much enlarged, and has undergone cystic degener- 
ation ; the left lobe is normal. Contributed by the Medical Faculty of Co- 
lumbian College, Washington, D. C. 
The next is a specimen illustrating Addison’s disease. 
22. (8740.) Supra-renal capsules, showing cheesy deposits which are 
most numerous in the right capsule. From a white woman, age 31, in 
whom the characteristic bronzing of the skin and anaemia were well-marked. 
Cretified tubercles were found in each lung. Contributed by Dr. J. T. 
Young, Washington. 19 
The next is a specimen of Bright’s disease. 
23. (86 50.) Kidneys from a woman who died in convulsions during labor. 
The right is quite small, and is a typical, gouty kidney; the left is less 
marked. Contributed by Dr. J. T. Young, Washington. 
The next is a specimen illustrating Tuberculosis. 
24. (77 45.) Spleen, studded with small tubercles, from a soldier of the 
145th Pennsylvania, age 29, who died of chronic diarrhoea. There were 
tubercles in both lungs, and the mucous membrane of the colon was ulcer- 
ated. Contributed by Surgeon E. Bentley, U. S. Yols. 
The next two specimens are of Entozoa . 
25. (7494.) Taenia solium, about twenty-five feet long, with the head. 
Prom a soldier of the 96th New York, age 29. It was voided after the use 
of turpentine and castor oil. Contributed by Acting Assistant Surgeon J. 
F. Kennedy. 
26. (87 92.) Echinococcus cysts from the urinary bladder. From a sol- 
dier of the 21st Infantry, age about 40. Similar cysts were found in the 
right lung and spleen ; there were none in the liver; the brain was not ex- 
amined. Contributed by Assistant Surgeon F. C. Ainsworth, U. S. A. 
The next specimen illustrates the fatality of even small 
Aneurisms of the aorta. 
27. (80 06.) Small aneurism of aorta, just above semilunar valves; the 
sac, which is about the size of a walnut, has ulcerated through into the pul- 
monary artery and the pericardium. From a soldier of the 1st Maryland 
Veterans, age 22, who was apparently in good health, and doing guard 
duty, when he suddenly fell insensible, and expired in a few moments. 
The pericardium was found distended with blood escaped from the ruptured 
aneurism. Contributed by Assistant Surgeon A. Ansell, 1st Maryland 
Veterans. 
The next specimen is one of Laryngitis. 
28. (8100.) Larynx and part of trachea, showing great thickening of the 
epiglottis, an incision into which discovered it to be infiltrated with pus. 
From a soldier of the 2d Arkansas Cavalry, age 26, who died of acute laryn- 
gitis. Contributed by Surgeon Wm. Watson, U. S. Volunteers. 
The next specimen illustrates the constriction resulting 
from caustics applied to mucous canal. 
29. (9067.) Alimentary canal of child from tip of tongue to duodenum, 
showing an inflammatory stricture of oesophagus. From a boy two years and six months of age, who drank some’caustic alkali several months before 
death. Temporary relief was given by bougies, and nutritive enemata were 
also used. Contributed by Dr. E. C. Morgan, Washington. 
The next specimen illustrates intussusception of intes- 
tine. 
30. (9051.) An intussusception of the ileum into the ascending colon at 
the ilea-csecal valve; the invaginated position is much swollen and de- 
formed, and dark-colored, as from incipient gangrene. From a man who 
presented symptoms of obstruction of the bowel, which was not relieved. 
Contributed by Dr. T. Gr. Croft, Aiken, S. C. 
The next specimen illustrates an anomaly in number of a 
viscus. 
31. (9103.) Four spleens, each about the size of a walnut, and con- 
nected by adhesions. From a negro woman who died suddenly of hem- 
orrhage from the fallopian tube. Contributed by Dr. ,J. F. Hartigan, 
Washington, D. C. The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-’85. 
iodical Department. United States Army. 
EXHIBIT-CLASS 4. 
No. 6. 
DESCRIPTION 
> OF THE 
MICROSCOPES 
AND 
MICROSCOPICAL PREPARATIONS, 
FROM THE ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 
T*Y 
SURGEON JOHN S. BILLINGS, U. S. A., 
Curator of the Museum. 
HENRY McELDERRY, 
Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. U. S. A 
New Orleans, La., 1884-85. The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
Medical Department. United States limy, 
EXHIBIT-CLASS 4. 
No. 6. 
DESCRIPTION 
OF THE / 
MICROSCOPES 
AND 
MICROSCOPICAL PREPARATIONS 
FROM THE ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 
BY 
SURGEON JOHN S. BILLINGS, U. S. A., 
Curator of the Museum. 
HESBY McELDEKRY, 
Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, U. S. A. 
New Orleans, La., 1884-85. The microscopes exhibited by the Army Medical Depart- 
ment are part of a collection which has been formed at the 
Army Medical Museum to illustrate the successive stages of 
development of the instrument, and of the various appli- 
ances connected with it, both optical and mechanical. 
The majority of the instruments exhibited are of foreign 
make, and it is desired to obtain specimens of old instru- 
ments from American makers to show what has been done 
in this direction in this country. 
John S. Billings, 
Surgeon U. S. Army, 
Curator Army Medical Museum. THE WORLD’S 
INDUSTRIAL and COTTON CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE MICROSCOPES, 
FROM THE 
Army Medical Museum, Washington, D. C. 
BY 
SURGEON JOHN S. BILLINGS, U. S. A., 
CURATOR OF MUSEUM. 
MICROSCOPES FROM THE ARMY MEDICAL 
MUSEUM. 
Spec. 99. Misc. Sect. 
Large old “Andrew Ross & Co.” with fine adjustment 
acting at back of limb. Hinged heel piece to foot. Polarizer 
screwing on bent arm sliding on tail-piece. Analyzer fitting 
over eye-piece; dark well on stem fitting on bent arm on 
tail-piece; disk of diaphragms fitting beneath stage with 
short cylindrical tube. 
Spec. 100. Misc. Sect. 
Large old “Andrew Ross & Co.” Body-tube worked by 
rack on limb extending nearly the whole length at the back, 
(since called the Jackson model, focusing in front of body- 
tube at nose-piece, (since termed “Smith and Peck’s fine ad- 
justment,) double nose-piece (straight) [probably a later 
addition, as it is engraved “Ross, London,” ? T. Ross.] 
Achromatic condenser with centering screws (4) and rack work, fitting beneath stage by three projections correspond- 
ing to slots in the flange of condenser. Polarizer, (fitting 
similarly); analyzer, [“body prism” in separate brass box,] 
fitting in adapter at lower end of draw tube. Optical part 
of achromatic condenser in similar separate box engraved 
A, eye-piece. 
Spec. 101. Misc. Sect. 
Smaller “Andrew Ross & Co.,” No. 65. Early type of Ross 
continued by Ross till after the death of T. Ross [the son of 
Andrew]. A, eye-piece, disc of diaphragms sliding in mov- 
able plate beneath stage, straight arm sliding on tail-piece to 
carry dark wells; two dark wells (one with cork); polarizer 
fitting beneath stage in moving plate ; analyzer fits over eye- 
piece. 
Spec. 102. Misc. Sect. 
Old compound microscope by “ J. Cuff,” (middle of last 
century); sliding Lieberkiibn, stage forceps, mirror,six len- 
ses, eye-piece screws in, fish plate, animalculi cage, black and 
white disk, glass cell (broken), two diaphragms for mirror. 
Spec. 108. Misc. Sect. 
“Chevalier’s Microscope Universel,” with four eye-pieces, 
screws on box, and packs in drawer ; this model lias found 
much favor in the large laboratories on the continent, 
and is seldom met with—nearly all that Charles Chevalier 
made[went into public institutions. 
Spec. 104. Misc. Sect. 
Microscope by Carpenter & Westley. (Very early model 
issued by the firm, say fifty }~ears ago). Rack moving stage 
(coarse adjustment), fine adjustment top of limb as in Ober- 
hauser’s, &c., one eye-piece, disk of diaphragms, spring stage, 
stage condenser. 
Spec. JOS. Misc. Sect. 
Ellis’ aquatic microscope with Wilson’s {vide “Adams”) combined. (Middle of last century). Two Lieberkulm’s, 
three simple lenses, trough, three slides of objects, box of 
talc covers, part of stage forceps. 
Spec. 106. Misc. Sect. 
Jones’ improved aquatic microscope. Two Lieberkuhn’s, 
three simple lenses, cloth-covered stage and ordinary stage ; 
animalculi trough. 
Spec. 107. Misc. Sect. 
Brock’s portable compound microscope, with four lenses 
screwed on base. 
Spec. 108. Misc. Sect. 
Very old solar microscope, with heliostat mirror and 
Wilson’s “simple,” with six powers, (probably dating soon 
after 1740, when G. Adams brought out his “solar micro- 
scope,”) plane glass and long focus lens fitting in heliostat 
(for experiments on light), troughs, with four concave cells, 
two milled head-screws, and two plates for attaching heliostat. 
Spec. 109. Misc. Sect. 
Jones’ solar microscope, [very good example,] {vide 
“Adams,”) with sliding lens, Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, and long 
slide of 6 lenses, forceps, and two milled head-screws, and two 
plates for attaching heliostat. 
Spec. 110. Misc. Sect. 
Jones’ small portable botanical microscope in case with 
fine adjustment at back, one Lieberkuhn’s, one high power, 
three lateral swinging lenses in cells, live box, stage forceps, 
three slides of objects. 
Spec. 111. Misc. Sect. 
Harris’ portable “opaque microscope in case,”three Lieber- 
kuhn’s, with lenses, one simple lens, forceps, trough, object 
holders, (made about 1820). Spec. 112. Misc. Sect. 
Old compound microscope, by Dollond, with rotating disk 
of lenses at nose-piece, disk of diaphragms, folding feet; 
(compound eye lens to eye-piece,) live box, mirror with plas- 
tic plane, (last century or early in this). 
Spec. 113. Misc. Sect. 
Very old “ Dellebarre,” simple and compound (very com- 
plete), two Lieberkuhn’s, with lenses, six lenses, spring stage, 
fish plate, trough, stage forceps, forceps, four slides of objects, 
screw for fixing microscope on tree, &c., box of talc covers, 
carrier for compound body, do., for simple lenses, two dia- 
phragms, flat and concave glass stop plates. 
Spec. 114. Misc. Sect. 
Copy of Janssen’s Magdeburg. 
, Spec. 115. Misc. Sect. 
Abraham’s achromatic prism. 
Spec. 116. Misc. Sect. 
Baker’s traveling microscope devised by Mr. Moginic. 
Spec. 117. Misc. Sect. 
Microscope of J. L. Reddell, Professor of Chemistry in the 
University of Louisiana, binocular microscope in which, 
“behind the objective, and as near thereto as practicable, the 
light is equally divided and bent at right angles, and made 
to travel in opposite directions by means of two rectangular 
prisms,” made in 1852 by Grunow Brothers, New Haven, 
Connecticut. 
Spec. 118. Misc. Sect. 
Binocular inverted microscope of J. and W. Grunow, New 
York. 
Spec. 119. Misc. Sect. 
New student microscope of Joseph Zentmayer, Phila., for 
use of visitors in examining microscopical preparations. Spec. 120. Misc. Sect. 
Large monocular microscope of Joseph Zentmayer, Phila., 
for use of visitors in examining microscopical preparations. 
Spec. 121. Misc. Sect. 
Gilbert & Sons’ microscope. Sold by E. and W. Smith & 
Co., Liverpool. 
Spec. 122. Misc. Sect. 
Nachet’s chemical microscope (inverted), constructed by 
Nachet et Fils, Paris, on the plan devised by Dr. J. Lawrence 
Smith, of Louisiana, for the purpose of reviewing objects 
from their under side when heat or re-agents are applied to 
them. THE WORLD’S 
Industrial and (jotton (Jeutennial jjxposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884~’85. 
LIST OF MICROSCOPICAL PREPARATIONS, 
FKOM 
JLIRIMIM' MEDICAL NdTTTSZETTdVH. 
The microscopic slides exhibited are samples of the extensive 
series of preparations contained in the microscopical section of 
the Museum, which series now contains 8,859 slides. 
John S. Billings, 
Surgeon U. S. Army, 
Curator Army Medical Museum. 
Note.—Medical men acquainted with the use of the microscope, who desire 
to examine these microscopical preparations, will have every facility extended on 
application to the medical officer in charge of the Medical Exhibit, U. S. A., 
Dr. Henry McElderry, IT. S. A. LIST OF MICROSCOPICAL PREPARATIONS. 
HISTOLOGICAL. 
1 (No. , Mic. Sec.) Brain of rabbit (injected). 
2 ( “ 8749, “ “ ) Olivary body, human (double 
stained). 
3 ( “ 7336, “ “ ) Medulla oblongata, human (trails. 
sect.). 
4 ( “ 7392, “ “ ) Nerve cells in spinal cord (trails. 
sect.). 
5 ( “ 1214, “ “ ) Nerve cells, spinal cord of calf. 
6 ( “ , “ “ ) Retina, human (hsematoxylon 
stained). 
7 ( “ , “ “ ) Retina, human (macula lutea). 
8 ( “ , “ “ ) Semilunar ganglion, human. 
9 ( “ 5896, “ “ ) Cornea of frog, (stained chloride of 
gold). 
10 ( “ , “ £< ) Tongue of rabbit (injected). 
11 ( “ 8047, “ “ ) Trachea, human. 
12 ( “ 395, “ “ ) Section of fang of incisor tooth 
(longitudinal). 
13 ( “ 396, “ “ ) Section of fang of incisor tooth 
(longitudinal). 
14 ( “ 397, “ “ ) Section of incisor tooth (longitudi- 
nal). 
15 ( “ 398, “ £‘ ) Section of molar tooth (longitudi- 
nal). 
16 ( ££ 7346, ££ ££ ) Mammary gland, human (trans. 
sect,). 
17 ( “ 8841, ££ ££ ) Submaxillary gland of rabbit. 
18 ( ££ 8840, ££ “ ) Liver of amphiuma. 
19 ( ££ , ££ ££ ) Small intestine of turtle (trans. sect.). 
2Q “ « « l< U U (( 
21 ( ££ 7367, ££ ££ ) ££ ££ rabbit, ilium, mu- 
cous membrane. 
10 22 (No. 4769, Mic. Sec.) Muscle of rat (injected). 
23 ( “ 7381, “ “ ) Muscular fibre, man. 
24 ( “ 7386, “ “ ) Costal cartilage, man. 
25 ( “ 922, “ “ ) Cartilage, rib of calf. 
26 ( “ 7383, “ “ ) Tendon, man. 
27 ( “ 7380, “ “ ) Elastic tissue, cow. 
28 ( “ 7379, “ “ ) Connective tissue, man. 
29 ( “ 7378, “ “ ) Adipose “ “ 
30 ( “ , “ “ ) Chicken embryos, 36 hours old 
(heads). 
31 ( “ 7206, “ “ ) Placenta, 4 mos. 
32 ( “ 8843, “ “ ) Orchis epididymis, rat. 
33 ( “ 7348, “ “ ) Testicle of child (trails, sect.). 
34 ( “ 7374, “ “ ) Penis of monkey “ 
35 ( “ 8016, “ “ ) Prostate gland (enlarged). 
36 ( “ 8839, “ “ ) Ovarium and tube from girl aged 14 
years. 
37 ( “ , “ “ ) Supra-renal capsule of rabbit. 
38 ( “ , “ “ ) " “ “ human. 
39 ( “ 4789, “ “ ) Kidney of dog (injected). 
40 ( “ 4922, “ “ ) “ rat 
41 ( “ , “ “ ) Bladder of frog (nit. silver injection). 
PATHOLOGICAL. 
42 ( “ 8609, “ “ ) Tubercle of lung (Guiteau). 
43 ( “ 7524, “ “ ) “ small intestine(tran.st.). 
44 ( “ 7528, “ “ ) ' “ “ (long. sect.). 
45 ( “ 7531, “ « ) 
46 ( “ 7538, “ “ ) 
47 ( “ 7900, “ « ) 
48 ( “ 7864, “ “ ) Nailer’s phthisis. 
49 ( “ 8654, “ “ ) Syphilitic nodule in lung. 50 (No. 7578, Mic. Sec.) Hepatized lung. 
51 ( “ , “ “ ) 
52 ( “ , “ “ ) Apoplectic lung. 
53 ( “ 7770, “ “ ) Cirrhosis of liver of cat. 
54 ( “ , “ “ ) Fatty liver. 
55 ( “ 6530, “ “ ) “ 
56 ( “ , “ “ ) Nutmeg liver. 
57 ( “ 8701, “ “ ) Amyloid liver. 
58 ( “ 7892, “ “ ) Abscess of liver. 
59 ( “ , “ “ ) Amyloid degeneration with inter- 
stitial nephritis. 
60 ( “ 8789, “ “ ) Kidney, Bright’s disease. 
61 ( “ 7546, “ “ ) Discoloration of skin, Addison’s dis- 
ease. 
62 ( “ 8641, “ “ ) Atheroma of aorta. 
63 ( “ 7411, “ “ ) Cerebral artery, organizing throm- 
bus, man. 
64 ( “ 8834, “ “ ) Atrophy of cerebellum, acute mania. 
65 ( “ , “ “ ) Cerebrum (Guiteau). 
66 ( “ 7289, “ “ ) Colon in dysentery. 
67 ( “ 7220, " “ ) 
68 ( “ 7253, “ « ) 
69 ( “ 7266, “ ) 
70 ( " 7284, “ « ) 
71 ( « 7254, “ « ) Ilium 
72 ( “ 7457, “ « ) Enlarged Peyer’s patch. 
73 ( “ 7453, “ « ) « solitary gland. 
TUMORS. 
74 ( “ 7100, “ 11 ) Colloid cancer of omentum. 
75 ( “ 8564, “ “ ) cancer of breast. 
76 ( “ 2390, « « ) Cancer of liver. 77 (No. 4037, Mic. Sec.) Cancer of gall duct. 
78 ( “ , “ “ ) Colloid cancer of stomach. 
79 ( “ 4293, “ “ ) Cancer of pylorus. 
80 ( “ 4717, “ “ ) 
81 ( “ 5689, “ “ ) “ breast. 
82 ( “ 6557, “ “ ) 
83 ( “ 8603, “ ££ ) Cancerous nodule from peritoneal 
surface of small intestine. 
84 ( ££ 8688, ££ ££ ) Cancer of spleen. 
85 ( ££ 8634, ££ ££ ) Villous cancer of bladder. 
86 ( ££ 8808, ££ ££ ) Melanotic cancer of liver. 
87 ( ££ 8565, ££ ££ ) Medullary ££ breast. 
88 ( ££ 8414, ££ ££ ) Cancer of liver. 
89 ( ££ 5756, ££ ££ ) Muscle in vicinity of mammary 
cancer. 
90 ( ££ , ££ ££ ) Epithelioma of lachrymal gland. 
91 ( ££ 6980, ££ ££ ) ££ of foot. 
92 ( ££ 5869, ££ ££ ) ££ of labium and peri- 
neum. 
93 ( ££ 3723, ££ ££ ) Epithelioma of lower lip (recurring). 
94 ( ££ 6354, ££ ££ ) ££ of leg. 
95 ( ££ 6358, ££ ££ ) 
96 ( ££ 8552, ££ ££ ) Glioma of brain. 
97 ( ££ 8361, ££ ££ ) Psammoma of choroid plexus. 
98 ( ££ 7775, ££ ££ ) Sarcoma of eye. 
99 ( ££ 8836, ££ ££ ) Large spindle-celled melano-sarco- 
ma from large toe. 
100 ( ££ 6128, ££ ££ ) Melanoma from back. 
101 ( ££ 8759, ££ ££ ) Tubular adenoma of breast. 
102 ( ££ 6524. ££ ££ ) Adenoma of breast. 
103 ( ££ 7916, ££ ££ ) 
104 ( ££ 3885, ££ ££ ) Condyloma. 105 (No. 7135, Mic. Sec.) Papilloma from uvula. 
106 ( “ , “ “ ) “ “ penis. 
107 ( “ 8614, “ “ ) Polypus from uterus of child. 
108 ( “ 8838, “ “ ) “ recti. 
109 ( “ , “ “ ) Myoma of uterus. 
110 ( “ 5555, “ “ ) Ovarian tumor. 
111 ( “ 2448, “ “ ) “ cyst (shows bone, cartilage, 
etc.). 
112 ( “ 8533, “ “ ) Tumor from oesophagus (myoma). 
113 ( “ 6464, “ “ ) “ “ parotid. 
114 ( “ 3872, “ “ ) “ “ ear. 
115 ( “ 6932, “ “ ) Goitre. 
BOTANICAL. 
116 ( “ 6591, “ “ ) Nettle leaf, glandular hairs. 
117 ( “ 6584, “ “ ) Saxifraga sarmentosa, stomata in 
clusters. 
118 ( “ 6583, “ “ ) Sanguinaria canadensis, leaf, pareu- 
chymal cells. 
119 ( “ 6597, “ “ ) Annular and spiral deposit from 
root of opuntia vulgaris. 
120 ( “ 6578, “ “ ) Aspidium marginale, stomata. 
121 ( “ 6581, “ “ ) Leaf of galium asprellum. 
122 ( “ 7750, “ “ ) Deutzia crenata. 
DIATOMS. 
123 ( “ , “ “ ) Pleurosigma angulatum. 
124 ( “ , “ “ ) Surirella gemma. 
125 ( “ , “ “ ) Frustulia saxonica. 
INSECTS. 
126 ( “ , “ “ ) Scales of lepisma (new species). 
127 ( “ 5523, “ “ ) Ovipositor of saw fly. 128 (No. 5522, Mis. Sec.) Head and tongue of house fly. 
129 ( “ 5511, “ “ ) Young spider. 
ENTOZOA, ETC. 
130 ( “ 6542, “ “ ) Trachina spiralis. 
131 ( “ 6545, “ “ ) 
132 ( “ 1675, “ “ ) Head of tsenia. 
BACTERIA. 
133 ( “ 8829, “ “ ) Bacillus tuberculosis (sputum.) 
134 ( “ 8444, “ “ ) “ anthracis in lung. 
135 ( “ 8452, “ “ ) “ “ (blood.) 
FIBRES. 
136 ( “ 1888, “ “ ) Flax fibre. 
137 ( “ 1892, “ “ ) Silk fibre. 
138 ( “ 6226, “ “ ) Cotton fibre. 
HAIRS. 
139 ( “ 7505, “ ■“ ) Hair of sheep. 
140 ( “ 7515, “ “ ) “ lamb. 
141 ( « 7504, <£ “ ) “ cow. 
142 ( £< 7517, “ “ ) “ calf. 
143 ( ££ 7508, “ “ ) <c llama. 
144 ( “ 7511, “ “ ) £‘ mixed breed, llama and 
alpaca. The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS,' LA., 1884-85. 
Medical iepartiRcnt, Med States Irmy 
• EXHIBIT-CLASS 4. 
No. 7. 
DESCRIPTION 
OF THE 
COMPOSITE PHOTOGRAPHS OF CRANIA 
• AND OF 
Crania from the Army Medical Museum, 
WASHINGTON. D. C. 
BY 
SURGEON JOHN S. BILLINGS, U. S. A., 
Curator of the Museum. 
HENRY McELDERRY, 
Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A. 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT U. R. A. 
Now Orleans, La., 1884-85. The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
Medical Department. United States irnig 
EXHIBIT-CLASS 4. 
No. 7. 
DESCRIPTION 
OF THE 
COMPOSITE PHOTOGRAPHS OF CRANIA 
AND OF 
Crania from the Army Medical Museum, 
WASHINGTON. D. C. 
BY 
SURGEON JOHN S. BILLINGS, U. S. A., 
Curator of the Museum. 
HENRY McELDERRY, 
Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A. 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT U. S. A. 
New Orleans, La., 1884-85. THE WORLD’S 
Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-’85. 
Description of the Composite Photographs of Crania, 
and of Crania from the Army Medical Museum. 
By Surgeon John S. Billings, U. S. A., 
Curator of the Museum. 
The composite photographs exhibited have been made at 
the Army Medical Museum, in Washington, to illustrate the 
application of this process to the study of craniology. The 
method of composite portraiture, as devised by Mr. Francis 
Galton, F. R. S., consisted in exposing each of a series of 
portraits, which had been reduced to the same size, succes- 
sively before the same sensitive plate for a portion of the 
time required to make a good picture. The composites 
here presented are, however, made directly from the crania 
themselves, and not by combination of separate photographs. 
The process may be briefly described as follows: Taking, 
for example, No. 1, it was found, with the light and exposure 
on that day, that it required about 490 seconds, with a wet 
plate, to obtain a good picture of a single skull. Seven 
adult male Esquimaux skulls were taken at random from 
the collection; that is, without any attempt to select skulls 
of same size or general appearance, the only points borne in 
mind in the selection being that they should be the skulls 
of adult males. These crania were exposed successively 
before the same plate for a period of 70 seconds each, that 
is, one-seventh of the time required for a perfect picture, 
and the result is a composite picture of the seven crania. A part of the composites, as indicated in the list, were 
made by the use of wet plates, the average exposure being 
about seventy seconds for each of seven crania, or a little 
over eight minutes in all for the group. The greater part 
were taken on dry plates, the time of exposure for eacli 
cranium being about three seconds. These composites, 
being only first attempts, are not very satisfactory as photo- 
graphs, the exposure in most of them having been too long; 
but they serve to indicate the amount of variation in shape 
and size which exists in adult crania of the same race and 
sex, and also to show that this method will afford a means 
of comparison of the crania of different groups with refer- 
ence to the question as to how far distinctions of race are 
indicated by cranial variations. 
How far this can be done may be seen, for example, by a 
comparison of the composites relating to the Sioux Indians 
and the Sandwich Islanders. 
It is proposed to perfect the process, and prepare composite 
photographs of the principal groups of crania in the Museum, 
and it is hoped that this method may be made use of in 
other collections, as affording a valuable means of compari- 
son between the crania possessed by them and those in the 
Army Medical Museum—a means of comparison which no 
system of measurements can take the place of. 
The crania exhibited are a few typical specimens selected 
from the collection of the Army Medical Museum. This 
collection is already a large one, containing over 2,100 
crania—the greater part of North American Indians—but 
it is very important that it should be made more complete, 
as regards many races or tribes, it being desirable to have 
at least twenty-five perfect crania in each group, while fifty 
would not be too many. The following table shows the number and character of 
the crania in the collection, and indicates those groups in 
which additions are especially desirable: 
Total. 
Imper- 
fect. 
North American Skulls. 
89 
6 
Mound Builders from Dakota . .. — _ - 
24 
8 
“ 44 Wisconsin 
4 
3 
“ “ Iowa - - - . . — — 
6 
5 
44 44 Illinois — 
19 
15 
“ “ Indiana - ._ 
6 
i 
“ 44 Ohio 
8 
(5 
44 “ California _ . . .. 
1(5 
8 
“ “ Utah - 
6 
5 
44 44 Missouri — 
2 
2 
“ “ Kentucky .. . 
30 
15 
4 “ Virginia _. ... 
1 
“ “ Tennessee ... 
42 
38 
44 44 Mississippi 
50 
32 
“ 44 Louisiana . . 
8 
6 
“ 44 Alabama.. 
1 
1 
“ “ Florida — 
70 
33 
“ “ Arkansas 
25 
23 
Indians from Alaska 
55 
12 
“ “ Peel’s River ..... ... 
2 
Newittee Indians — 
5 
1 
Spokone “ — 
1 
27 
9 
2 
1 
2 
Chehalis “ 
3 
Makah “ . ... 
4 
7 
4 
1 
Watlala “ —. 
2 
23 
1 
14 
7 
7 
1 
2 
6 
1 
1 
(Jkah “ 
4 
1 
2 
1 
Pali Ute 44 _ - 
23 
6 
Q} 
1 
459 
192 
7 
5 
Aztec “ 
10 
5  
Total. 
Imper- 
fect. 
North American Skulls—Continued. 
Wintoon Indians . 
1 
1 
Dinner " . _ 
Cow-cow u 
Navajo “ _• 
22 
7 
Apache “ 
38 
1 
8 
Hare “ ... _ _ .... 
Blackfeet “ 
6 
14 
5 
Piegan “ __ _ 
1 
Gros Ventre “ __ 
4 
1 
Mandan “ . 
3 
Arickaree “ _ 
2 
Assiniboine “ __ 
5 
1 
Sioux “ . . 
36 
31 
15 
6 
Brule Sioux “ ... 
Ogallala “ “ 
1 
Yankton “ 
14 
Sissiton “ _ _ 
16 
2 
Santee “ 
] 
Teton “ ... ..... . 
1 
Wahpeton “ I 
4 
Menominee “ 
1 
15 
1 
Dakota “ 
Ponka “ ._ 
32 
1 
Crow “ . 
2 
Caddo “ . 
3 
Minnetaree “ ... _ 
25 
3 
10 
Winnebago “ ... 
Pawnee “ . 
8 
2 
Kickapoo “ . __ . 
Arapahoe “ 
12 
2 
Cheyenne “ 
38 
9 
Kaw “ 
Shawnee “ 
5 
1 
Pottawatomie'1 .. 
3 
Osage “ .. . 
6 
Seneca “ 
1 
Wishita “ 
10 
5 
Kiowa “ .. ... 
Choctaw “ 
5 
1 
Chickasaw “ 
1 
Iowaulkeno “ 
1 
Kechi “ . .... 
3 
1 
New Mexican" 
7 
Comanche “ 
9 
3 
Lipan " __ _ _ 
3 
6 
Tonka way “ . ... 
Texan “ 
4 
2 
t 
Pueblo “ .... 
Mexican “ 
2 
Cree “ 
1  
Total. 
Imper- 
fect. 
North American Skulls—Concluded. 
Chippewa Indians .. _ _ 
20 
4 
Wisconsin “ 
8 
5 
Sac ** 
1 
Pequod “ . _ 
3 
i 
Miami “ 
1 
Seminole “ 
5 
i 
Connecticut (Tunxis) 
i 
Bannock “ __ __ 
i 
Cceur d’Alene “ _ 
i 
Unknown “ 
67 
21 
Negroes ' 
47 
3 
Whites _ _ . _ 
128 
29 
Central and South American, including 
Yucatan. 
Yucatan Indians .. 
8 
1 
Guatemala “ __ ..... 
2 
1 
U. S. of Columbia Indians - _ 
1 
1 
Peruvian “ .... 
25 
8 
Mat.ieo “ 
4 
Chilian “ 
3 
3 
1 
Patagonian “ 
From Chatham Island 
3 
1 
European Skulls. 
Austrians _ 
3 
Bavarians 
9 
Danes . __ 
1 
English ... 
1 
French _ _ 
2 
Germans _ . __ _. 
4 
2 
Hungarians _ _ _ 
Romans—British _ . _ . 
2 
2 
Laplanders __ _ 
Russians 
3 
11 
Spaniards 
1 
Romans _ 
1 
Asiatic Skulls. 
Esquimaux Asiatics _ 
10 
4 
Chuckchees _ _ 
2 
Japanese 
Coreans.. _ ... 
s 
Chinese.. ... 
6 
3 
Botan Tribe of Formosa. ... 
Jews _ _ 
1 
African Skulls. 
Egyptians _ 
Hottentots _ __ _ 
1 
1  
Total. 
Imper- 
fect. 
Crania from Oceanica. 
Sandwich Islanders — 
147 
36 
South Sea Islanders 
8 
Philippine Islanders — — 
5 
4 
New Zealanders _ — _ 
17 
1 
Fiji Islanders — 
5 
Mixed Kaces - -- - 
12 
3 
Unknown Crania. — - — — 
52 
20 
John S. Billings, 
Surgeon U. S. Army, 
Curator Army Medical Museum. LIST OF COMPOSITE PHOTOGRAPHS OF CRANIA 
FROM ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM. 
Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were prepared by the ordinary wet 
process, with strong-working collodion, under an exposure 
of 70 seconds to each cranium. 
Nos. 6 to 18, inclusive, were taken on Beebe’s Gelatin Dry 
Plate. The exposure of each cranium in Nos. 6 to 13, and 
No. 16, was 3 seconds; in Nos. 14 and 15, only 1| seconds ; 
in Nos. 17 and 18, one second. 
No. Subject. 
1. Composite photograph" of seven adult male Esquimaux 
skulls, side view, Nos. 1189, 1190, 1187, 1206, 1182, 
1191, 1195, Section IV, A. M. M. Wet process, expo- 
sure 70 seconds. 
2. Composite photograph of seven adult male Esquimaux 
skulls, front viewT, Nos. 1189, 1190, 1187, 1206, 1182, 
1191, 1195, Section IV, A. M. M. Wet process, ex- 
posure 70 seconds. 
3. Composite photograph of seven adult male Sandwich 
Islanders' skulls, side view, Nos. 425, 444, 442, 445, 446, 
438,286, Section IV, A. M. M. Wet process, exposure 
70 seconds. 
4. Composite photograph of seven adult male Sandwich 
Islaiiders' skulls, front view, Nos. 425, 444, 442, 445, 
446, 438, 286, Section IV, A. M. M. Wet process, 
exposure 70 seconds. 
5. Composite photograph of seven adult male Sioux Indian 
skulls, front view, Nos. 483, 793, 792, 1119, 665, 330, 
816, Section IV, A. M. M. Wet process, exposure 70 
seconds. 6. Composite photograph of seven adult male Negro skulls, 
side view, Nos. 980, 411, 955, 949, 953, 979, 954, Sec- 
tion IV, A. M. M. Dry process, exposure 3 seconds. 
7. Composite photograph of seven adult male Negro skulls, 
front view, Nos. 980, 411, 955, 949, 953, 979, 954, Sec- 
tion IV, A. M. M. Dry process, exposure 3 seconds. 
8. Composite photograph of seven adult male Apache In- 
dian skulls, front view, Nos. 6578, Section 1,2108,1709} 
329, 209, 907,1168, Section IV, A. M. M. Dry process, 
exposure 3 seconds. 
9. Composite photograph of seven adult male Apache In- 
dian shdls, side view, Nos. 6578, Section I, 2108,1709, 
329, 209, 907,1168, Section I\r, A. M. M. Dry process, 
exposure 3 seconds. 
10. Composite photograph of eight adult male Ponca Indian 
skulls, side view, Nos. 836, 837, 835, 834, 831, 487, 486, 
877, Section IV, A. M. M. Dry process, exposure 3 
seconds. 
11. Composite photograph of eight male adult Ponca Indian 
skulls, front view, Nos. 836,837, 835, 834, 831,487, 486, 
877 Section IV, A. M. M. Dry process, exposure 3 
seconds. 
12. Composite photograph of seven adult male White skulls, 
Nos. 63063, 7023, 6305, Section I, 63, 2118, 2119, 38, 
Section IV, A. M. M. Front view. Dry process, ex- 
posure 3 seconds. 
13. Composite photograph of seven adult male White skulls, 
Nos. 6306?, 7023, 6305, Section I, 63, 2118, 2119, 38, 
Section IV, A. M. M. Side view. Dry process, expo- 
sure 3 seconds. 
14. Composite photograph of eighteen adult male Cheyenne 
Indian skulls, Nos. 5560, 6525, Section I, 526, 2091, 528,8, 715,149, 146, 150,1762, 9, 913, 464, 2121, 2090, 
2035, 773, Section IV, A. M. M. Front view. Dry 
process, exposure 11 seconds. 
15. Composite photograph of eighteen adult male Cheyenne 
Indian skulls, Nos. 5560, 6525, Section I, 526, 2091, 
. 528, 8, 715,149,146, 150,1762, 9, 913, 464, 2121, 2090, 
2035, 773, Section IV, A. M. M. Side view. Dry pro- 
cess, exposure 11 seconds. 
16. Composite photograph of seven adult male Sandwich 
I skulls, base view, Nos. 425, 442,444, 445, 446, 
438, 286, Section IV, A. M. M. Dry process, exposure 
3 seconds. 
17. Composite photograph of seven adult male Sioux Indian 
skulls, base view, Nos. 483, 793, 792,1119,665, 330, 816, 
Section IV, A. M. M. Dry process, exposure 1 second. 
18. Composite photograph of seven adult male Sioux Indian 
skulls, side view, Nos. 483, 793, 792,1119, 665, 330, 816, 
Section IV, A. M. M. Dry process, 1 second exposure. Tie World’s Industrial ant Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-’85. 
LIST OF THE CRANIA FROM THE ARMY MEDI- 
CAL MUSEUM. 
Spec. 937. (Sect. IY.) Cranium of an Aleutian (prehistoric). 
from Ulakla Harbor, Amaknak Island, 1872, 
Collected by W. H. Dali. Received from the 
Smithsonian Institution. 
Spec. 688. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a male Snake Indian, set. 
c. 50. From Fort Boise, Idaho, 1868. Donor: 
Surgeon C. Wagner, U. S. A. 
Spec. 691. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a Chehalis Indian. From 
Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory, 1868. (?) 
Donor: Assistant Surgeon W. E. Whitehead, 
U. S. A. 
Spec. 246. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a Makah Indian. From 
near Old Spanish Fort, Washington Territory, 
1864. Collected by J. G. Swan. Received 
from the Smithsonian Institution. 
Spec. 810. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a male Ukie Indian. 
From Round Valley, California, 1870. Donor: 
Assistant Surgeon E. J. Marsh, U. S. A. 
Spec. 117. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a Flathead Indian. From 
Chinook Burial Place, at mouth of Columbia 
River, 1868. Collected by Mr. Lloyd Brooke. 
Received from the museum of the National 
Medical College. 
Spec. 1158. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a female Flathead Indian, set. c. 55. From Fort Cape Disappointment, 
Washington Territory, 1874. Donor: Assist- 
ant Surgeon John Brooke, U. S. A. 
Spec. 1117. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a male Chippewa Indian, 
set. c. 35. From St. Joseph, 30 miles west of 
Pembina, Dakota, 1874. Donor: Assistant 
Surgeon Ezra Woodruff, U. S. A. 
Spec. 881. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a female Ponca Indian, 
set. c. 30. From Old Ponca Agency, Niobrara 
River, Dakota, 1871. Donor: Acting Assistant 
Surgeon G. N. Hopkins, U. S. A. 
Spec. 083. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a Comanche Indian. 
From Fort Concho, Texas, 1869. Donor: 
Surgeon Wm. M. Notson, U. S. A. 
Spec. 523. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a male Keechie Indian, 
set. c. 40. From bank of Arkansas River, 
1869. Donors: Surgeon B. E. Fryer, U. S. A., 
and Acting Assistant Surgeon E. S. Umbstaetter, 
U. S. A. 
Spec. 2047. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a female Sioux, set. c. 55. 
From Fort Robinson, Nebraska, 1880. Donor: 
Assistant Surgeon W. B. Brewster, U. S. A. 
Spec. 2073. (Sect. I V.) Cranium of an adolescent male Sioux. 
From Fort Robinson, Nebraska, 1880. Donor: 
Assistant Surgeon W. B. Brewster, U. S. A. 
Spec. 176. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a male Navajo Indian, 
set. c. 50. From Fort Sumner, New Mexico, 
1868. Donor: Assistant Surgeon J. F. Weeds. 
U. S. A. 
Spec. 1560. (Sect. IV.) Calvarium of an unknown male In- 
dian, set. c. 60. From Winooski River, Ver- 
mont. Collected by Dr. E. M. Kent. Received 
from the Smithsonian Institution. Internal 
capacity, measured with No. 8 shot, 1920 c. c. Spec. 1236. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a male Esquimaux, set. c. 
55. Collected in 1860-61 by Dr. I. I. Hayes. 
Spec. 259. (Sect, IV.) Calvarium of a male Kaiyuh Khotana, 
ait. c. 35. From Xulato, Yukon River, Alaska, 
1867. Collector : W. H. Dali. Received from 
the Smithsonian Institution. 
Spec. 940. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a male Moundbuilder, 
set. c. 60. From near Fort Totten, Dakota, 
1871. Donor: Acting Assistant Surgeon J. B. 
Ferguson, U. S. A. 
Spec. 168. (Sect. IV.) Cranium of a male Moundbuilder, 
set. c. 50. From near Fort Wadsworth, Dakota, 
1868. Donor: Acting Assistant Surgeon A. I. 
Comfort, U. S. A. The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
No. 8. 
LIST OF CRANIA AND SKELETONS 
IN THE 
SECTION OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 
OF THE 
UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 
REVISED AT THE MUSEUM FOR USE DURING THE EXPOSITION. 
SURGEON JOHN S. BILLINGS, U. S. A., 
Curator of Army Medical Museum. 
HENRY McELDERRY, 
Assistant Surgeon, U S. A., 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAI. DEPARTMENT, U. S. A. 
New Orleans, La., 1884-85. The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
No. 8. 
LIST OF CRANIA AND SKELETONS 
IN THE 
SECTION OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 
OF THE 
UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, 
WASHINGTON, D, C. 
REVISED AT THE MUSEUM FOR USE DURING THE EXPOSITION. 
SURGEON JOHN S. BILLINGS, U. S. A., 
Curator of Army Medical Museum. 
HENRY McELDERRY, 
Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 
IX CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, U. S. A. 
New Orleans, La., 1884-85. THE WORLD’S 
INDUSTRIAL and COTTON CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
LIST OF CRANIA AND SKELETONS 
IN THE 
SECTION OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, 
IN THE 
Army Medical Museum, at Washington, D. C. 
This list of the skeletons and crania, contained in the 
Section of Comparative Anatomy of the United States Army 
Medical Museum, is printed for the purpose of indicating 
the deficiencies of the collection and the contributions to it 
which would be most desirable. It is proposed to enlarge 
this section of the collection in such a way as to make it 
most useful for illustrating human anatomy, both patho- 
logical and physiological ; and to this end it is proposed to 
form, in addition to complete skeletons, sets or series of the 
different bones and organs, to illustrate the development and 
peculiarities of similar bones and organs in man. For this 
purpose it is desired to obtain specimens of pelves; of the 
upper extremity, including the bones of the shoulder girdle; 
of the lower extremity; of the carpus and tarsus, etc., to illus- 
trate the principal types of these bones in the vertebrata. 
The appropriations for the support of the Museum are too 
limited to permit of the expenditure of any considerable 
sums on the collection of comparative anatomy. The speci- 
mens enumerated in the following list were, for the most 
part, collected by medical and other officers of the army on 4 
duty at frontier posts. For the present, substantial increase 
of the collections can only be expected from donations, which 
will be thankfully received from any quarter. 
Skeletons of the following North American animals are 
much desired for this section of the Museum: Wild Cat 
{Lynx rufus); Canada Lynx {Lynx canadensis); Eyra, {Fells 
eyra,) Texas; Yaguarundi, {Felis yaguarundi) Texas; Pan- 
ther {Felis concolar); Jaguar, {Felis onca,) Texas; Ocelot {Felis 
pardalis); Fisher{Mustela pennanti); Wolverine {Gulo luscus); 
Badger (Taxidea americana); White-backed Skunk, (Conepatus 
mapurito,) Texas; Little striped Skunk, {Spilogale zorilla,) 
Pacific slope; Otter {Lutra canadensis); Sea Otter {Enhydra 
marina); Grizzly Bear {Ursus arctos); Black Bear (Ursus 
americanus); Peccary {Dicotyles torquatus); Mountain Goat 
{Mazama montana); Antelope {Antilocapra americana); Arma- 
dillo, {Tatusia peba,) Texas, especially foetuses; Snowy Owl 
{Nydea nivea); Hawk Owl {Surnia ulula); Burrowing Owl 
{Spheotyto cunicularia); Marsh Harrier {Circus cyaneus); 
Mississippi Kite {Ictinia mississipiensis); Swallow-tailed Kite 
{Nauclerus furcatus); Duck Hawk {Falco peregrinus); Fish 
Hawk {Pcindion halisetus); Wood Ibis {Tantalus loculator); 
Cormorant {Gracidus carbo); Courlan {Aramus scolopaceus); 
White Pelican {Pelicanus trachyrhynchus); Gannet {Sula bas- 
sana), and others. 
In skeletons intended for the Museum no attempt should 
be made at cleaning; and especially they should not be 
boiled. If the animal is obtained in a fresh state, the flesh 
should be roughly cut off and the skeleton hung up in the 
shade to dry. Care should be taken that none of the small 
bones are lost, especially the hyoid bones. In taking out the 
ATiscera the costal cartilages should be left attached to ribs 
and sternum; but if it is found necessary in the case of large 
animals to disarticulate the ribs, the costal cartilages should 
always be left attached to the sternum. In animals as large 
or larger than the Prairie Wolf the skull and limbs may be 5 
severed from the body, and the vertebral column divided in 
the lumbar region, for convenience in packing. In animals 
smaller than this the limbs, skull, etc., should be left at- 
tached. The limbs and tail can be neatly folded while the 
ligaments are soft and flexible. In the case of animals that 
have died and decomposed upon the plain, care should be 
exercised in getting all the bones. Skeletons should be 
packed in a tight box, with plenty of hay or straw to prevent 
breakage of the delicate processes. Small animals are best 
preserved in alcohol, in which case an incision should be 
made along the middle line of the abdomen to give the alco- 
hol access to the viscera. 
John S. Billings, 
Surgeon U. S. Army, 
Curator Army Medical Museum. LIST OF CRANIA AND SKELETONS OF MAMMALS. 
Note.—In the preparation of this list the classification adopted is nearly the 
same as that of Dr. Theo. Gill in his paper entitled £tArrangement of the Families 
of MammalsSmithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, No. 230, 1872, and the 
nomenclature of the species is in accordance, for the most part, with the more 
recent views of prominent Mammalogists. 
Class MAMMALIA. 
Sub-Class Eutheria. 
Section MONODELPHIA. 
Order Primates. 
Sub-Order ANTHROPOIDEA. 
Family Simiid^e. 
Cran. j Skel. 
2507 ! 
Troglodytes savagii, Gray (Cast). Gorilla. 
2508 
Troglodytes savagii. Gray (Cast). 9 Gorilla. 
1407 
: Simia satyrus, Linn. Ora.ng Outang. 
! 2526 
Hylobates lar, Linn. Common Gibbon. 
Family CYNOPiTHECin.fi. 
Sub-Family Colobince. 
2482 ! 2481 
Semnopithecus cuculatus. Langur. 
1066 
Cercopithecus fuliginosus, Cuvier.' Moor Ape Monkey. 
1299 
Cercopithecus pygerytbus, Cuvier. Vervet. 
1300 
Macacus senicus (Desm.), Gray. Capped Macaque. 
1382 
Macacus cynomolgus, Desm. The Kra. 
2483 
Cynopithecus niger. Black Macaque. 
1297 
Cynocepbalus procarius, Desm. Chacma. 
Family Cebid.e. 
1298 
Mycetes seniculus, Kuhl. Golden Howler. 
1 1296 i 
Ateles paniscus, Geoff. Spider Monkey. 
| 2203 
! 2418 1 
Lagothrixhumboldtii, Geoff St. Hilaire. Humboldt's Monkey. Cran. 
Skel. 
Family Midid^e. 
1302 
(Edipus titi, Lesson. Pinche. 
2527 
Midas rosalia. 
845 
Hapale jaechus. Marmoset. 
2485 
Sub-Order FROSIMIJG. 
Family Lemurid^e. 
Sub-Family Lemunnce. 
Vareca varia. Ruffed Lemur. 
2525 
Nycticebus tardigradus. Slow Lemur. 
2484 
Sub-Family Lorisince. 
Loris gracilis. Slender Loris. 
2524 
Sub-Family Galagince. 
Galago otolincus. 
1301 
Family Tarsiid;e. 
Tarsius spectrum, Geoff. Tar sms. 
952 
Order Carnivora. 
Sub-Order FISSIFBDIA. 
Family Felidae : Cats, etc. 
Lynx rufus (Guldenstiidt), Raf. Wild Cat. 
1059 
1160 
1080 
Lynx rufus maculatus, Cs. and Yar. Texas Wild Cat. 
1383 
793 
Lynx rufus fasciatus, Cs. and Yar. Red Cat. 
1396 
180 
Lynx canadensis (Geoff and Desm.), Raf. Canada Lynx. 
178 
631 
Felis concolor, Linn. Panther; Painter; Puma; Cougar; 
American or California Lion. 
179 
828 
954 
1412 
Felis oncja, Linn. Jaguar; Mexican Tiger. 
95 
20 
Felis domesticus, Linn. Common Cat. 
181 
182 
183 
1307 
Felis tigris, Cuv. Bengal Tiger. 9 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Family Yiverrid/e. 
2487 
Herpestes mangusta. Mongoose. 
2529 
Gennetta vulgaris. Civet. 
Family Canidje : Dogs, etc. 
184 
712 
Canis lupus occidentalis, Cs. and Yar. American Wolf 
Timber or Buffalo Wolf; Lobo of the Mexicans. 
185 
713 
714 
1235 
1417 
1418 
186 
907 
Canis latrans, Say. Coyote ; Prairie Wolf. 
710 
711 
715 
1323 
1324 
1084 
29 
35 
187 
188 
739 
76 
Canis familiaris, Linn. Common Dog. 
189 
190 
191 
192 
99 
Yulpes vulgaris pennsylvanicus, Cs. Red Fox. 
1161 
1196 
Yulpes macrourus, Baird. Prairie Fox. 
953 
1314 
Yulpes velox, Aud. and Bach. Kit Fox; Swift Fox. 
1546 
1571 
Urocyon littoralis (Baird), Gill. Island Fox. 
193 
194 
195 
196 
2523 
Urocyon cinereo-argentatus (Schreber), Cs. Gray Fox. 
Family : Martins, Weasels, etc. 
Sub-Family Mustelines; Typical Weasels. 
723 
Mustela martes, Brisson. Forest Mink. 
198 
Mustela pennanti, Erxl. Fisher; Black Cat. 
197 
957 
Mustela americana, Turton. Pine Martin; American Sable. 
2088 
852 
1424 
Putorius longicauda, Rich. Long-tailed Ermine. 10 
Cran. 
Skel. 
1058 
722 
1075 
Putorius erminea (Linn.), Cuv. White Weasel; Ermine. 
724 
Putorius foetidus, Linn. European litis. 
730 
Putorius vulgaris Briss. Field Weasel. 
732 
Putorius erminea Linn. Great Weasel. 
199 
695 
1315 
Putorius vison, Rich. Brown Mink. 
1316 
200 
Gulo luscus, Sabine. Wolverine. 
Sub-Family Melinee: Badgers. 
203 
612 
834 
950 
1236 
1244 
1419 
795 
Taxidea americana (Bodd), Baird. Missouri Badger. 
736 
Meles taxus, Schreber. European Badger. 
825 
161 
Mephitis mephitica (Shaw), Baird. American Skunk. 
202 
704 
956 
1193 
2084 
2185 
• Sub-Family Lutrinee: Otters. 
740 
Lutra vulgaris Linn. European Otter. 
201 
951 
Lutra canadensis (Turton), Cuv. American Otter. 
Family : Bears. 
205 
672 
1006 
1043 
2240 
1042 
Ursus arctos horribilis (Ord.), Cs. and Yar. Grizzly Bear. 
2488 
Ursus arctos. European Brown Bear. 
206 
1200 
Ursus americanus, Pallus. Black Bear. 
207 
1210 
208 
1243 
209 
210 
1380 
1381 
2463 11 
Cran. 
Skel. 
211 
Ursus maritimus (Linn.). White or Polar Bear. 
204 
134 
Family Procyonid-E : Raccoons, etc. 
Procyon lotor (Linn.), Starr. Common Raccoon. 
613 
2078 
1060 
2077 
' 
1057 
Sub-Order PINNIPEDIA. 
Family Otariida: : Eared Seals. 
Callirhinus ursinus (Schreber), Gray. Fur Seal. 
1048 
Eumetopias stelleri (Fischer), Gray. Sea Lion. 
261 
Zalophus gilliespii (MacBain), Gill. Sea Dog. 
259 
Family Phocida: : Hair Seals. 
Sub-Family Phocince. 
Phoca vitulina Linn. Common Seal; Harbor Seal. 
2192 
258 
Erignatbus barbatus (O. Fabr.), Gill. Square-Flipper Seal. 
260 
Sub-Family Cystophorince: Crested Seals. 
Cystophora cristata (Erxl.), Nilsson. Hooded Seal. 
888 
1053 
Family Rosmarida: : Walruses. 
Rosmarus obesus (Illiger), Gill. Atlantic Walrus. 
832 
686 
Order Diplarthra. 
Sub-Order ARTIODACTYLI. 
Family Bovidas : Bovines. 
Sub-Family Bovince: Typical Bovines. 
Bison amerieanus (Gmelin), Gray. American Buffalo. 
959 
50 
802 
Bos taurus (Linn.), Cuvier. Cow. 
2221 
671 
1061 
Sub-Family Ovince: Sheep. 
Ovis montana, Cuviar. Rocky Mountain Sheep • Bighorn. 
1049 
1422 
2259 
257 
Ovis aries, Linn. Common Sheep. 
619 
620 
254 
106 
Sub-Family Caprince: Goats, etc. 
Capra hircus. Common Goat. 
255 
256 12 
Cran. 
Skel. 
738 
Rupicapra tragus, Linn. Chamois. 
252 
Family Antilocapridas : American Antelopes. 
Antilocapra americana (Ord.). Antelope; Prong-horn Ante- 
25^ 
lope; Cabree. 
632 
633 
1050 
2491 
Family Camelid^;. 
Llama, pacos. Alpaca. 
247 
1069 
Family Cervidac : Deer. 
Sub-Family Cervince: Typical Deer. 
Cervus canadensis, Erxl. American Elk; Wapiti. 
1022 
1077 
1525 
1537 
248 
1545 
Cariacus macrotis (Say), Gray. Mule, or Black tailed Deer. 
1394 
1589 
2241 
Cariacus macrotis var. columbianus (Rich.), Columbia Black- 
249 
634 
tailed Deer. 
Cariacus virginianus (Bodd), Gray. Virginia Deer ; Red Deer. 
250 
251 
622 
635 
833 
1544 
Cariacus virginianus macrourus (Raf.), Cs. White-tailed Deer. 
1395 
2492 
Family Tragulid.®. 
Tragulus javanicus. Java Musk Deer, or Chevrotian. 
1309 
Family Phacochcerida:. 
Phacochoerus seliani, Gretz. Wart Hog. 
Family Dycotylida: : Peccaries. 
244 
829 
Dicotyles torquatus, Cuvier. Peccary. 
47 
123 
Family Suid.e : Swine. 
Sus scrofa, Linn. Common Hog. 
52 
245 
246 
34 
801 
Sub-Order PERISSODACTYLI. 
Family Equips: Horses, etc. 
Equus caballus, Linn. Horse. Cran. 
Skel. 
1408 
Equus asinus caballus, Linn. Mule. 
Order Sirenia. 
Family Halicorid^e. 
2490 
Halicore australis. Dugong. 
Order Cetacea. 
Sub-Order DENTICETE. 
Family Delphinid.® : Dolphins, etc. 
Sub-Family Delphinince: Typical Dolphin. 
262 
1308 
Delphinus delphis, Linn. 
1148 
1266 
1267 
Delphinus ehymene, Gray. Porpoise. 
2489 
Delphinus tursio. 
1554 
Phocsena americana, Agassiz. Snuffier or Puffing Pig. 
Super-Order INEDUCABILIA. 
Order CMroptera. 
Sub-Order ANIMALIVORA. 
Family JS'octilionid.e : Free-tailed Bats. 
2381 
601 
Nyctinomus nasutus (Spix.), Tomes. Snouty Bat. 
Family Vespertilionidje : Ordinary Bats. 
986 
Oorynorhinus macrotis (Le Conte), Allen. Big-eared Bat. 
981 
2224 
2231 
Antrozous pallidus (Le Conte), Allen. Pale Bat. 
2232 
848 
1192 
1009 
Atalpha (Nycticejus) crepuscularis (Le Conte), Cs. Twilight 
Bat. 
731 
Vesperugo noctula, Bias. Shining Bat. 
728 
Yesperugo pipistrellus, Bias. Common European Bat. 
729 
Vesperugo discolor, Bias. Parti-colored Bat. 
727 
Plecotus auritus (Linn.), Geoff. Long-eared Bat. 
1353 
1198 
Atalapha (Lasiurus) noveboracensis (Erxl.), Cs. Red Bat; 
New York Bat. Cran. 
Skel. 
992 
113 
Vespertilio subulatus, Say. Little Brown Bat. 
996 
997 
1208 
600 
1008 
174 
845 
Vespertilio (Vesperus) fuscus, Beauv. Carolina Brown Bat. 
1134 
849 
Yespertilio ( Vesperugo) georgianus, F. Cuv. Georgia Bat. 
Order Insectivora. 
Family CentetiDj®. 
2486 
Centetes ecaudatus. Tenrec. 
Family Moles. 
Sub-Family Talpince: Typical Moles. 
734 
735 
Talpa europaja, Linn. Black Mole. 
112 
Scalops aquaticus (Linn.), Cuvier. Common Mole. 
2155 
Scalops argentatus, Aud. Silvery Mole. 
1106 
Condylura cristata (Linn.), Illiger. Star-nosed Mole. 
Family Taupaiad^:. 
2521 
Taupaia minor. Squirrel Shrew. 
Family Soricid,®: Shrews. 
232 
Sorex personatus, Geoff. Masked Shrew. 
2166 
2167 
2168 
2169 
Sorex cooperi, Bach. Cooper's Shrew. 
2182 
2183 
Sorex pachyurus, Baird. Thick-tailed Shrew. 
2142 
2143 
2141 
Blarina brevicauda, Gray. Short-tailed Shrew. 
Family Erinaceid,® : Hedgehogs. 
■725 
Erinaceus europseus, Linn. Hedgehog. 
Order Rodentia. 
Sub-Order MYOMORPHA. 
■ 7' 
Family Zapodid.e : Jumping Mice. 
1326 
1707 
2113 
Zapus hudsonius (Zimm.), Cs. Jumping Mouse. 
2136 
2137 15 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Family Murids: Mice. 
Sub-Family Murince: Typical Mice. 
130 
19 
Mus decumanus, Pallas. Common Rat. 
222 
223 
562 
984 
Mus teetorum, Savi. White-bellied Rat. 
985 
225 
69 
Mus musculus, Linn. Common House Mouse. 
226 
1191 
227 
• 
224 
2156 
Neotoma floridana (Say), Ord. Wood Rat. 
983 
2154 
2157 
2111 
1356 
1ST eo tom a cinerea (Ord.), Baird. Rocky Mountain Rat. 
967 
Sigmodon hispidus (Say), Ord. Cotton Rat. 
968 
969 
970 
597 
1406 
Hcsperornys (Vesperimus) leucopus (Raf.). White-footed 
1328 
Mouse. 
1573 
1708 
2138 
2089 
Hesperomys (Onychomys) leucogaster (Mar.), Coues. Mis- 
2135 
souri Mole Mouse. 
• 
1574 
2068 
2069 
Ochetodon longicauda (Baird), Cs. Long-tailed Mouse. 
2070 
2071 
2072 
2073 
Sub-Family Arvicolince: Field Mice. 
608 
1709 
Arvicola (Myonom.es) riparius, Ord. Field Mouse. 
1040 
2037 
1404 
1710 
2086 
726 
Arvicola amphibius, Linn. Water Rat. 
2223 
Arvicola (Myonomes) townsendi, Bach. Tovmsend’s Meadow 
Mouse. ■ 
2133 
2150 
Arvicola (Podomys) austerus, Lee. Prairie Meadow Mouse. 
2134 
2151 
2152 16 
Cran. 
Skel. 
22 
2066 
Fiber zibethicus (Linn.), Cuvier. Musk Rat. 
229 
230 
1194 
1317 
1421 
Family : Pouched Mice. 
Sub-Family Dipodomyince. 
681 
Dipodomys pliillipsi (Woodh.), Cs. Kangaroo Rat. 
1137 
1569 
99C 
Cricetodipus flavus, Baird. Western Mouse. 
1705 
Perognathus hispidus, Baird. 
1706 
Family : Gophers. 
719 
1703 
Geomys bursarius, Shaw. Pouched Gopher. 
827 
1895 
1237 
2062 
2064 
2063 
2065 
1310 
Thomomys talpoides (Rich.), Baird. Fort Union Gopher. 
1704 
1001 
1572 
Thomomys talpoides umbrinus (Rich.), Cs. Black-faced 
1002 
Gopher. 
1551 
2474 
Sub-Order 8CITTROMORPHA. 
Family Castorida: : Beavers. 
220 
1081 
Castor canadensis, Kulil. American Beaver. 
221 
1082 
794 
1901 
822 
Family Sciurid.® : Squirrels, etc. 
Sub-Family Sciurince: Typical Squirrels. 
975 
1357 
Sciurus aberti, Woodh. Tuft-eared Squirrel. 
216 
1355 
Sciurus hudsonius, Pallas. Red Squirrel. 
2059 
2278 
Sciurus hudsonius var. fremonti (Pallas), Allen. Fremont's 
Squirrel. . 
1550 
Sciurus hudsonius var. douglassi (Bach.), Allen. Oregon Red 
Squirrel. 
214 
Sciurus cinereus, Linn. Fox or Cat Squirrel of Middle States. 
216 17 
Cran- 
Skel. 
623 
Sciurus niger var. cinereus (Linn.), Allen. Southern Fox 
624 
Squirrel. 
2208 
Sciurus niger var, ludovicianos (Cret), Allen. Western Fox 
Squirrel. 
10 
Sciurus carolinensis, Grmelin. Gray Squirrel. 
175 
Sciuropterus volucella vas. volucella (Desm.), Allen. Flying 
Squirrel. 
896 
Sciuropterus volucella var. hudsonius (Bach.), Allen. Oregon 
Flying Squirrel. 
596 
2139 
561 
2061 
Tamias striatus (Linn.). Chipmunk. 
1361 
1667 
1687 
1362 
Tamias quadrivittatus (Say), Rich. Four-striped Squirrel. 
2234 
Tamias harrisi (Aud. and Bach.), Allen. Harris' Chipmunk. 
1549 
1363 
Tamias lateralis (Say), Allen. Rocky Mountain Chipmunk. 
974 
1398 
Spermophilus grammurus (Say), Bach. Line-tail Squirrel. 
1312 
1311 
Spermophilus tridecem-lineatus (Mitch.), Aud. and Bach. 
1313 
1686 
2060 
Striped Prairie Squirrel. 
1433 
Spermophilus richardsoni (Sabine), Bd. Richardson's Gopher- 
2126 
Spermophilus richardsoni var. townsendi (Sab.), Allen. 
Townsend's Spermophile. 
2145 
2146 
Spermophilus franklini (Sab.), Lesson. Franklin's Spermo- 
2147 
2138 
2149 
phile; Gray-headed Spermophile. 
2160 
2159 
Spermophilus mexicanus (Licht), Wagner. Mexican Sper- 
2161 
2162 
2163 
mophile. 
1548 
1570 
Spermophilus beecheyi (Rich.), Allen. California Ground 
1547 
Squirrel. 
217 
905 
• Cynomys ludovicianus (Ord.), Bd. Prairie Dog. 
218 
1409 
835 
903 
904 
1410 
2158 
1352 
Cynomys columbianus (Ord.), Allen. Short-tailed Prairie 
Dog. 18 
Oran. 
Skel. 
Sub-Family Arctomyince: Woodchucks. 
219 
2056 
1205 
Arctomys monax, Linn. Woodchuck. 
1858 
Arctomys flaviventer, Aud. and Bach. Yellow-bellied Marmot. 
Sub-Order HYSTRICOMORPHA. 
Family Hystricid.e : Porcupines. 
978 
Erethizon dorsatus, Cuvier. Porcupine. 
231 
1680 
2320 
Erethizon epixanthus, Brandt. Yellow-haired Porcupine. 
869 
870 
1918 
Family Caviid.e : Cavies, etc. 
Cavia cabaya, Linn. Guinea Pig. 
908 
909 
Sub-Order LAGOMORPHA. 
Family : Hares. 
239 
Lepus americanus, Erxl. Great Northern Hare. 
237 
797 
1238 
1360 
1405 
1756 
1896 
Lepus callotis, Wagler. Jackass Rabbit. 
2390 
Lepus campestris, Bach. Northern Prairie Hare. 
240 
241 
242 
243 
164 
Lepus sylvaticus, Bach. Eastern Gray Rabbit. 
2235 
Lepus sylvaticus aud. (Baird), Allen. Audabon Rabbit. 
972 
987 
988 
989 
1239 
1240 
1384 
1669 
1670 
Lepus sylvaticus nuttali (Bach.), Allen. Sage Rabbit. 
2094 
Lepus trowbridgii, Baird. Trowbridge's Hare. 
238 
Lepus palustris, Bach. Marsh Rabbit. 
Family Leporidje : Rabbits, Hares, etc. 
737 
Lepus timidus, Linn. European Hare. 19 
Cran. 
Skel. 
234 
Lepus cuniculus, Linn. English Rabbit. 
235 
48 
237 
1023 
818 
Lepvis madagascarensis, Linn. Lop-eared Rabbit. 
Order Bruta. 
Sub-Order TARDIGRADA. 
Family Bradypodid^e. 
1303 
Choloepus hoffmanii, Gray. Two-toed Sloth. 
Sub-Order ENTOMOPHOGA. 
Family Myrmecophagidje. 
2493 
Cyclothurus didactylus. Silky or Two-toed Ant Eater. 
Family Dasypodid^e. 
2127 
2075 
Tatusia septum-cinctus, Linn. Rio Grande Armadillo. 
Section Didelphia. 
Order Marsiipiallia. 
Sub-Order DIPROTODONTIA. 
Family PHASCOLOMYIDiE. 
2495 
Phaseolomys ursinus. Wombat. 
Family Ph alangistid^e. 
Sub-Family Phaseolarctince. 
2500 
Phascolarctus cinerus. Native Bear. 
Sub-Family Phalangistince. 
1306 
2497 
Phalangista vulpina, Desm. Australian Opossum. 
Family Macropodxdas. 
2501 
Halmaturs thetidis. 
Sub-Order POLYPROTODONTIA. 
Family Dasyurid^e. 
2494 
Dasyurus viverrinus. Viverrine Dasyure, Native Cat. 
Family Didelphid.® : Opossums. 
212 
1 
Didelphys virginianus, Shaw. Common Opossum,. 
213 
162 
787 
163 
945 | 
2074 
Didelphys californica, Ben. Black Opossum. 20 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Sub-Class Prototheria. 
Order Monotremata. 
• 
Family Eciiidnid^e. 
1305 
Echidna aculeata, Gray. Porcupine Ant Eater. 
2496 
Family Ornithorhynchid^e. 
1304 
Ornithorhynchus anatinus, Shaw. Duck-bill Platypus MONSTROSITIES AND MISCELLANEOUS SPECIMENS OF AND 
FROM MAMMALS. 
Order Primates. 
Mo. 
644 Cast of the head of a gorilla [Troglodytes gorilla). 
1067 Entnzoa found in mesenteric folds of a monkey. 
Order Carnivora. 
Family FedidA. 
580 A young cat [Felis domesticus) with two faces. 
683 A young cat [Felis domesticus) with two faces. 
1176 A young cat [Felis domesticus) with two bodies, eight legs, and one head. 
1259 A young cat [Felis domesticus) with cranium slightly larger than a pistol 
hall, without face, and with a very minute rudimentary inferior 
maxilla. 
1260 A young cat [Felis domesticus) with deformed cranium, the nasal hone 
forming a proboscis one inch long ; a single orbit beneath the nose ; the 
superior maxilla rudimentary ; the inferior curving upwards in anterior 
third. 
1261 A young cat [Felis domesticus) with double face. In front and between the 
faces is a single orbit sufficiently large for two eyes ; two mouths form- 
ing one cavity ; inferior maxilla on anterior aspect is about one inch 
square. 
1321 A young cat [Felis domesticus) with double face. 
1368 A young cat [Felis domesticus) with two bodies. 
2170 A young cat [Felis domesticus) with two perfect bodies, one cranium, four 
ears, and three eyes ; one eye between occipital bone. 
2184 A young cat [Felis domesticus) with two perfect bodies and normal cranium- 
22 Oviduct with three embryos of a cat [Felis domesticus). 
1270 Three embryos from a cat [Felis domesticus). 
1177 Organs of respiration and liver of a cat [Felis domesticus). 
1062 Tsenia from intestines of a Canada lynx [Lynx canadensis). 
1591 Entozoa found in intestines of a cat [Felis domesticus). 
family Canids. 
1258 A young dog (Canis famUiaris) with five legs. The right os innominatum 
has two aeetabuli and two legs ; the additional leg has two feet. 
2067 A young dog [Canis famUiaris) with three ossa innominata and five legs. 
2153 A young dog (Canis famUiaris) without superior or inferior maxilla, the 
nasal bones forming a long proboscis. 
2466 Acephalus puppy [Canis famUiaris). 
30 Os penis of a dog [Canis famUiaris). 
100 Os penis of a red fox ( Vulpes vulgaris pennsylvanicus). 
767 Cervical vertebrae of a dog [CanisfamUiaris). 
1083 Os hyoides of a prairie wolf [Canis latrans). 22 
No. 
1366 Os penis of a kit or swift fox (Vulpes velox). 
72 Uterus and appendages of a dog (Canis familiaris). 
1024 Strong Ins gigas from the kidney of a dog (Canis familiaris). 
2470 Fore legs of a large Irish spaniel water dog. Right fore leg fractured and 
united. 
2057 Lumbricoid (?) from the liver of a dog (Canis familiaris). 
Family Mtjstitid.®. 
1041 Odoriferous glands of American skunk (Mephitis mephiticos). 
1423 Os penis of Missouri badger (Taxidea americana). 
Family PROCYONiDiE. 
625 Os penis of a raccoon (Procyon lotor.) 
1065 Os penis of a raccoon (Procyon lotor.) 
Family Ursid.®. 
176 Hand of a grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos horribilis.) 
177 Foot of a grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis.) 
1007 Ligamentous pelvis of a grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos horribilis.) 
Family Rosmarid^e. 
048 Os penis of Atlantic walrus (Rosmarus obesus). 
Family Otaridjs. 
1045 Embryo in uterus of sea lion (Eumetopias stelleri), Alaska. 
1046 Embryo of sea lion (Eumetopias stelleri), Alaska. 
1047 Embryo of sea lion (Eumetopias stelleri), Alaska. 
1056 Os hyoides of fur seal (Callrhinus ursinus), Alaska. 
Order Ungulata. 
Family Bovida;. 
1712 A young cow (Bos taurus), with six legs. The spinous processes of the 
second, third, and fourth dorsal vertebrae are firmly united, and form a 
scapula, at the upper part of which, united by a strong intraspinous 
ligament, is an additional pelvis, of which the lower innominatum is 
normal and the other only rudimentary, terminating in two irregular 
spinous processes. This pelvis has two additional legs; one hind leg, 
thirty-two inches long, with two feet hanging on the right, and one fore 
leg, twenty-one inches long, hanging on the left side of the thorax. 
The articulations of the additional legs are anchylosed. 
2464 Two-headed foetal calf. 
2393 Crania of a double-headed calf (Bos taurus). 
2448 Double head of calf (Bos taurus). 
1254 Leg of a sheep (Ovis aries) with three feet. 
2222 Embryo of one month of a cow (Bos taurus). 
581 Embryo of sheep (Ovis aries). 
159 Costa bifida of American buffalo (Bos americanus). 
160 Costa furcata of American buffalo (Bos americanus). 
670 Molar teeth of an ox (Bos taurus). 
1195 Os hyoides of American buffalo (Bos americanus). 23 
No. 
776 Hoofs of a cow (Bos iaurus). 
816 Bronchial glands and pleura of a cow (Bos tonnes). 
128 Encephalon of a sheep (Ovis aries). 
638 Hair ball from the stomach of a cow (Bos taurus). 
639 Do. do. an ox do. 
650 Ho. do. a cow do. 
651 Do. do. do. do. 
697 Do. do. a steer do. 
698 Do. do. do. do. 
699 Do. do. do. do. 
1068 Do. do. an ox do. 
804 Biliary calculus of a cow do. 
1217 Do. do. do. 
1245 Do. an ox do. 
1263 Do. a cow do. 
1290 Do. a calf do. 
1364 Do. a Texas steer do. 
1526 Do. a calf do. 
1557 Do. a cow do. 
1722 Do. a heifer do. 
1737 Hair hall from the stomach of a cow (Bos taurus). 
1996 Hair hall from the stomach of an ox (Bos taurus). 
2205 Hair hall from the stomach of a cow (Bos taurus). 
2515 
Family Cervid.®. 
685 Embryo of a red deer (Cariams virginianus). 
721 Embryo of an American elk (Cervus canadensis). 
676 Calvarium of an American elk (Cervus canadensis). 
1181 Hairball from the stomach of an American elk (Cervus canadensis). 
2237 Ball of matter rejected from the stomach of a white-tailed deer (Cariacus 
virginianus macrourus). 
Family Antilocaprid.®. 
680 A young hemicephalous antelope (Antilocapra americana, dacota) with two 
perfect faces. 
1257 Foetal cranium of antelope (Antilocapra americana). The superior maxilla 
is so greatly depressed anteriorly that the alvevlar borders meet under- 
neath, and have formed thereby a deep fossa instead of a palatine plate ; 
no tongue; the inferior maxilla is extremely rudimentary and small. 
1721 Embryo of antelope (Antilocapra americana). 
910 Calvarium of an antelope (Antilocapra americana), exhibiting shedding of 
horns. 
Family Camelid.®. 
805 Calculus from the stomach of a camel (Camelus dromedarius), having a peb- 
ble as nucleus. 
Family Suid.® 
579 A pig (Sus scrofa) with two faces. 
791 Incomplete double-headed pig (Sus scrofa.) 24 
No. 
853 A pig (Sus scrofa) with seven legs and eight feet; there are two perfect 
front legs, four hind legs, and a seventh leg stands upward between the 
two thoraces; the head is bifurcated at the os frontis, as if the animal 
bad two mouths. 
856 A pig (Sus scrofa) with two heads, the left being only partially developed. 
1178 A pig (Sus scrofa) with two bodies, eight legs, and one head. 
1189 Foot of a pig (Sus scrofa) with seven toes. 
1218 Four malformed feet of a pig (Sus scrofa); the front feet are clubbed, with 
the hind toes abducted externally ; the hind feet are well developed, the 
front toes being joined together, forming a single hoof. 
1253 A pig (Sus scrofa) with eight legs, four sets of ribs, and two sterna. The 
two thoraces form but one cavity. One cranium, but no inferior max- 
illary. 
1256 A pig (Sus scrofa) with malformed head, the cranium having a very small 
cavity for cerebellum; no facial bones; the inferior maxilla not de- 
veloped. 
1275 A pig (Sus scrofa) with round cranium; the proboscis is long and curved 
upward and backward, resting on top of the head; no orbits; no 
zygomatic arches, the inferior maxilla being a bridge from side to side. 
1320 Malformed cranium of a pig (Sus scrofa). 
2081 Hoof of “ mule-footed pig ” (Sus scrofa). 
2204 Three feet of a pig (Sus scrofa), one with five and two with six toes. 
1255 Skeleton of malformed pig. 
2385 Malformed crania of a pig (Sus scrofa.) 
2468 Leg of a pig with three feet. 
2472 Cranium of a deformed pig (Sus scrofa). 
2473 Fore leg of a pig with two feet. 
792 Maxillae of a hog (Sus scrofa), showing milk dentition. 
889 Eight front foot of a pig (Sus scrofa); ligamentous. 
890 Left hind foot of a hog (Sus scrofa); ligamentous. 
906 Cranial vertebra} of a hog (Sus scrofa). 
841 Generative organs of a hog (Sus scrofa). 
1219 Encephalon of a pig (Sus scrofa). 
Family Equid,®. 
2510 Head of a deformed foetal calf. 
2511 Eye of same. 
2462 Foetus of about three months’ growth delivered of a mule. 
2467 Foetus of a horse. 
687 Ossicula auditus of a horse (Equus caballus.) 
688 Supernumerary bones of carpal articulation of a horse (Equus caballus). 
692 Vertical section of phalanges of a horse (Equus caballus). Ligamentous 
preparation. 
744 Anterior parts of maxillae of a horse (Equus caballus), showing incisor teeth 
at four years. 
745 Anterior parts of maxillae of a horse (Equus caballus), showing incisors at six 
years. 
746 Anterior parts of maxillae of a horse (Equus caballus), showing incisor teeth 
at eight years. 
747 Anterior parts of maxillae of a horse (Equus caballus), showing incisor teeth 
at nine years. 
748 Anterior parts of maxillae of a horse (Equus caballus), showing incisor teeth 
at ten years. 25 
No. 
749 Same at eleven years. 
750 Same at twelve years. 
751 Same at sixteen years. 
752 Same at eighteen years. 
753 Same at twenty years. 
754 Left carpal articulation of a horse (Equus caballus); ligamentous. 
755 Anterior phalanges of a mule (Equus asinus caballus) with lateral and true 
cartilages of the heel. 
756 Anterior phalanges of a horse (Equus caballus); ligamentous. 
757 Same. 
758 Anterior phalanges of a horse (Equus caballus) articulated with rubber. 
759 Posterior phalanges of a horse (Equus caballus) articulated with rubber. 
760 Anterior phalanges of a horse (Equus caballus); ligamentous. 
761 Posterior do. do. do. 
762 Do. do. do. do. 
769 Vertical section of os temporum of a horse (Equus caballus). 
770 Right and left os temporum of a horse (Equus caballus). 
777 Left tarsus and metatarsus of a horse (Equus caballus); ligamentous. 
780 Ligamentous preparation of right carpus and metacarpus of a horse (Equus 
caballus). 
781 Ligamentous preparation of left tarsus of a horse (Equus caballus). 
782 Ligamentous preparation of left carpal articulation of a horse (Equus caballus). 
786 Anterior parts of maxilla? of a horse (Equus caballus), showing alveola? for 
incisor teeth. 
798 Articulated right posterior foot of a horse (Equus caballus). 
799 Articulated right anterior foot of a horse (Equus caballus). 
813 Left anterior extremity of a horse (Equus caballus) articulated with rubber. 
814 Left posterior extremity*of a horse (Equus caballus) articulated with rubber. 
2475 Portion of the foot of a fossil horse (Equus occidentalis). 
689 Arteries, veins, flexor, and extensor tendons inserted into the cartilaginous 
hoof of a horse (Equus caballus) after removal of all the bones. 
690 Cartilaginous hoof of a horse (Equus caballus). 
691 Two feet of a horse (Equus caballus), exhibiting the laminated (sensitive) 
folds in healthy condition. 
693 Right carpus of a horse (Equus caballus), exhibiting tendons, arteries, veins, 
and ligaments. 
694 Foot of a horse (Equus caballus), skin removed. 
695 Vertical section of a front and of a hind foot of a horse (Equus caballus). 
696 Two feet of a horse (Equus caballus) prepared to exhibit the laminated (sen- 
sitive) folds, coronary border, and glandular system in healthy condition. 
763 Internal or laminated structure of the nail or horny hoof of a horse (Equus 
caballus.) 
764 Two nails or hoofs of a horse, exhibiting the laminated structure. 
765 Vertical sections of hoofs of a horse. 
766 Vertical section of nail or hoof of a mule (Equus asinus caballus), showing 
thickness of wall and sole. 
771 Four sound hoofs of a horse (Equus caballus) after several years’ shoeing a 
form of hoof remarkable for durability. 
772 A sound hoof of a horse (Equus caballus) properly shod for several years. 
773 Four sound hoofs of a horse (Equus caballus), four years old, never shod. 26 
No. 
774 An anterior and a posterior hoof of a horse (Equus caballus), two years old, 
properly shod. 
775 Inorganic frog (Inter-ungual cartilage) of a horse (Equus caballus). 
778 Metacarpus and phalanges of a horse [Equus caballus), with ligaments, flexor, 
and extensor tendons. 
779 Ligamentous preparation of a foot of a horse [Equus caballus), with flexor 
and extensor tendons. 
783 Nail phalanges with cartilaginous hoof of a horse [Equus caballus). 
784 Nail phalanges or bony hoofs, in sections, of a horse [Equus caballus), ex- 
hibiting internal structure. 
785 Cartilaginous sole of a hoof of a horse [Equus caballus). 
808 Lower part of anterior extremity of a horse [Equus caballus), skin and hoof 
removed. 
1209 Cast of anterior foot of a horse [Equus caballus), showing arteries, veins, 
tendons, nerves, and ligaments. 
636 Calculus from the stomach of a horse [Equus caballus), with a nail as 
nucleus. 
637 Hair ball from the stomach of a horse [Equus caballus). 
641 Calculus from the stomach of a horse [Equus caballus), with a pebble for a 
nucleus. 
642 Calculus from the stomach of a horse [Equus caballus). 
645 Do. do. do. 
646 Do. do. do. 
647 Do. do. do. 
648 Do. do. do. 
649 Hair ball do. do. 
661 Calculus do. do. 
810 Intestinal calculus of a horse do. 
1440 Do. do. df>. 
1441 Do. do. do. 
1754 Two large urinary (?) calculi from a horse do. 
2055 Salivary calculus from the parotid gland of a mule (Equus asinus caballus). 
Family Rhinocerida:. 
640 A piece of tanned skin of a rhinoceros. 
Order Cetacea. 
1184 Penis of a whale. 
660 Calculus found in tire stomach of a whale. 
Order Rodentia. 
Family Murids. 
1234 Encephalon of a rat [Mus decumanus). 
Family Castoridas. 
953 Five embryos of the American beaver [Castor canadensis). 
Family Sciuridac. 
1411 Three embryos from a prairie dog [Cynomys ludovicianus). 27 
No. 
122 Encephalon of a gray squirrel (Sciurus cnrolinensis). 
Family Caviidje. 
872 A guinea-pig (Cavin caboyn) with rudimentary clavicles. 
873 Caecum with portion of ileum and colon of a guinea-pig (Cavia caboya), ex- 
hibiting large development of vermiform process, which is six inches 
long and one and one quarter inches in diameter. 
Family Leporid/e. 
1755 Two uteri with embryos from a jackass rabbit (Lepus collotis). 
121 Encephalon of an eastern gray rabbit (Lepus sylvaticus). 
1138 Taenia from intestines of a marsh rabbit [Lepus palustris). 
Order Bruta. 
Family Dasypodid^e. 
1524 Two embryos from an armadillo. 
1523 Skin of an armadillo. 
Order MarsupiaIlia. 
Family Macropodid^e. 
1416 Head of a foetal Kangaroo and teat of dam. 
Family Dxdelpiiid^e. 
1220 Encephalon of an opossum (Didelphys virginianus). 
1029 Entozoa from the stomach of an opossum. LIST OF CRANIA, SKELETONS, AND STERNA OF BIRDS. 
Note.—The classification adopted is that of Dr. Elliot Coues, U. S. A., in his 
Key to North American Birds, 1872, and the nomenclature corresponds with his 
Check List of North American Birds, 1873. 
Class AVES. 
Sub-Class Carinatae: Carinate Birds. 
Order Passercs : Perches. 
Sub-Order OSCINES : Singing Birds. 
Family Turdid.e : Thrushes. 
Sub-Family Turdince: Typical Thrushes. 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Ster. 
33 
40 
Turdus migratorius, L. Robin. 
5G 
294 
295 
290 
2282 
2283 
Turdus mustelinus, Gm. Wood Thrush. 
297 
298 
2284 
2285 
303 
Turdus pallasi, Cab., var. nanus (Aud.), Cs. Dwarf Thrush. 
304 
2200 
Turdus swainsoni, Cab. Olive-backed. Thrush. 
2205 
2207 
2305 
2300 
Turdus swainsoni, Cab., var. alieiae (Baird), Cs. Alice's 
Thrush. 
299 
Turdus fuscescens, Steph. Wilson’s Thrush ; Veery. 
300 
301 
302 
Sub-Family Mimince : Mocking Thrushes. 
340 
883 
Mimus polyglottus (L.), Boie. Mockingbird. 
341 
342 
Minius carolinensis (L.), Gr. Catbird.. 
343 
344 
345 
28 29 
Oran. 
Skel. 
Ster. 
846 
45 
2301 
Harporhynchus rufus (L.), Cab. Brown Thrush; Thrasher. 
347 
2300 
1567 
1478 
Harporhynchus redivivus, Cab. Sickle-bill Thrush. 
Harporhynchus curvirostris (Sw.), Cab., var. palmeri, Ridg. 
Curve-billed Thrush. 
1465 
Harporhynchus crissalis, Henry. Red-vented Thrush. 
Family Saxicolidas : Stone Chats. 
305 
1109 
Sialia sialis (L.), Haldeman. Eastern Bluebird. 
306. 
307 
2279 
Family Sylvida: : Sylvia. 
Sub-Family Regulince: Kinglets. 
2307 
2319 
Regulus satrapa, Licht. Golden-crested Kinglet. 
2318 
2443 
Regulus calendula. Ruby-crowned Kinglet. 
Sub-Family Polioptilince: Gnatcatchers. 
355 
Polioptila caerulea, Scl. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. 
356 
Family Farida: : Titmice. 
354 
2196 
Lophophanes bicolor (L.), Bp. Tufted Titmouse. 
2195 
2288 
1495 
1496 
Lophophanes inornatus (Gamb.), Cass. Plain Titmouse. 
1476 
Lophophanes wollweberi, Bp. Bridled Titmouse. 
357 
Parus atricapillus, L. Black-capped Chickadee. 
358 
2407 
2220 
Parus atricapillus, L., var. septentrionalis (Harris), All. 
2408 
Long-tailed Chickadee. 
1371 
Parus atricapillus, L., var. carolinensis (Aud.), Cs. Carolina 
1372 
Chickadee. 
1373 
1374 
Family Sittida: : Nuthatches. 
350 
2200 
Sitta carolinensis, Gm. White-bellied Nuthatch. 
351 
2198 
2199 1 
2398 
2405 
Sitta carolinensis, Gm., var. aculeata (Cass.), All. Slender- 
billed Nuthatch. 
352 1 
Sitta canadensis, L. Red-bellied Nuthatch. 
353 i Cran. 
Skel. 
8ter. 
Family : Creepers. 
1713 
1507 
Certhia familiaris, L. Brown Creeper. 
1616 
1402 
1517 
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus (Lafr.), Gr. Brown-headed 
Creeper- Wren. 
Family : Wrens. 
2317 
Thryothorus ludovicianus, Bp. 
349 
Troglodytes sedon, Y. House Wren. 
1613 
2439 
Troglodytes sedon, Y., var. parkmanni (Aud.), Cs. Western 
House Wren. 
2808 
Anorthura troglodytes (L.), Cs., var. hyemalis (Wils.), Cs. 
Winter Wren. 
348 
Telmatodytes palustris (Nils.), Cab. Long-billed Marsh Wren. 
1348 
Cistothorus stellaris (Licht.), Cab. Short-billed MarshWren. 
Family Alaudidjs : Larks. 
359 
913 
914 
2406 
1434 
1430 
Eremophila alpestris (Forst.), Boie. Horned Lark; Shore 
Lark. 
Family Sylvicolid.e : American Warblers. 
2271 
2292 
2440 
2297 
2531 
2272 
Mniotilta varia (L.), V. Black-and-white Creeper. 
309 
310 
Parula americana (L.), Bp. Blue Yellow-backed Warbler. 
1349 
2276 
2277 
2304 
1350 
Helminthophaga peregrina (Wils.), Cal. Tennessee Warbler. 
321 
322 
1330 
1332 
1331 
Dendrceca aestiva (6m.), Bd. Summer Warbler. 
316 
2273 
2313 
2274 
Dendroeca virens (6m.), Bd. Black-throated Green Warbler. 
316 
2444 
Dendrceca caerulescens (L.), Bd. Black-throated Blue Warbler. 
2238 
Dendroeca cserulea (Wils.), Bd. Cceridean Warbler. 
325 
326 
2298 
2428 
2429 
2299 
Dendrceca coronata (L.), Gr. Yellow-rumped Warbler; Myrtle 
Bird. 31 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Ster. 
327 
2268 
Denclroeca blackburniae (6m.), Bd. Blackburnian Warbler. 
323 
324 
2311 
2312 
Dendrceca striata (Forst.), Bd. Black-poll Warbler. 
317 
318 
2269 
2270 
Dendrceca castanea (Wils.), Bd. Bay-breasted Warbler. 
319 
320 
1347 
2430 
2532 
Dendrceca pennsylvaniea (L.), Bd. Chestnut-suled Warbler 
328 
Dendrceca discolor (Y.), Bd. Prairie Warbler. 
2290 
2316 
2291 
Sciurus aurocapillus (L.), Sw. Golden-crowned Thrush. 
2438 
2442 
311 
312 
Geothlypis trichas (L.), Cab. Maryland Yellow Throat. 
313 
314 
1431 
1432 
Geothlypis macgillvrayi (Aud.), Bd. Maegillivray’s Warbler. 
393 
Icteria virens (L.), Bd. Yellow-breasted Chat. 
329 
330 
Setophaga ruticilla (L.), Sw. Redstart. 
331 
332 
Family Tanaoridj? : Tanagers. 
308 
Pyranga rubra (L.), Y. Scarlet Tanager. 
2264 
Pyranga sestiva (L.), Y. Summer Redbird. 
1510 
Pyranga sestiva (L.), Y., var. cooperi (Ridg.), Cs. Cooper’s 
Tanager. 
1497 
Pyranga hepatica, Sw. Hepatic Tanager. 
Family Hirundinidj; : Sivallows. 
1499 
157 
1521 
Hirundo horreorum, Barton. Barn Swallow. 
335 
&51 
101 
Tachycineta bicolor (Y.), Cs. White-bellied Swallow. 
1013 
1014 
333 
334 
2404 
Petrochelidon lunifrons (Say), Cab. Cliff Swallow; Eave Swal- 
loiv. 32 
Cran. 
Slcel. 
Ster. 
1G29 
2402 
1630 
Cotyle riparia (L.), Boic. Bank Swallow. 
1514 
1515 
Stelgidoptcryx serripennis (Aud.), Bd. Rough-winged Swal- 
low. 
1621 
1622 
1623 
1506 
1624 
Progne purpurea (L.), Boie. Purple Martin. 
2115 
Progne rubris, Baird. Purple Martin. 
Family Ampelid.ts : Waxwings. 
2394 
2395 
2396 
Ampelis garrulus, L. Bohemian Waxwing. 
32 
64 
65 
336 
Ampelis cedorum (V.), Bd. Cedar Bird; Cherry Bird. 
Family V ireonid.u : Oreenlets. 
337 
338 
339 
2314 
2315 
Vireo olivaceus (L.), Y. Red-eyed Vireo. 
1460 
1461 
Vireo vicinior, Coues. Gray Vireo. 
Family Laniip/E : Shrikes. 
1474 
Collurio borealis (V.), Bd. Great Northern Shrike; Butcher- 
bird. 
Family Fringillid/E : Finches, etc. 
377 
378 
379 
1010 
593 
1277 
Fringilla canaria, Linn. Canary Bird. 
1101 
Pyrrhula vulgaris, Cuv. Buljinch. 
1110 
Carduelis elegans, Bp. Goldfinch. 
382 
1375 
Carpodacus purpureus (Gm.), Gr. Purple Finch. 
2095 
Carpodacus cassini, Baird. Cassin’s Purple Finch. 
1501 
1519 
1502 
Carpodacus frontalis (Say), Gr. Crimson-fronted Finch; 
House Finch. 
374 
Loxia curvirostra, L., var. americana (Wils.), Cs. Common 
Crossbill. 
2401 
2400 
Leucosticte tepbrocotis, Sw. Gray-crowned Finch. 
2397 
2399 
Aegiothus linaria (L.), Cab. Red Poll Linnet. 33 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Ster. 
375 
376 
1376 
1207 
Chrysomitris tristis (L.), Bp. American Goldfinch; Yellow- 
bird. 
1493 
1494 
Chrysomitris psaltria (Bay), Bp. Arkansas Goldfinch. 
1684 
Plectrophanes maccrownii, Lawr. McCrown's Lark Bunting. 
2409 
2410 
2533 
Pleetrophanes nivalis (L.), Meyer. Snow Banting. 
383 
384 
385 
1333 
1334 
1335 
Passerculus savanna (Wils.), Bp. Savannah Sparrow. 
1663 
1 f.64 
1666 
Pooccetcs gramineus (Gm.), Bd. Baywinged Bunting. 
1665 
2431 
Pooecetes gramineus, var. confinis (Gm.), Bd. Western Grass 
Finch. 
369 
370 
2303 
2286 
Melospiza palustris (Wils.), Bd. Svmmp Sparrow. 
392 
1379 
2201 
2202 
2130 
2289 
Melospiza melodia (Wils,) Bd. Song Sparrow. 
976 
Melospiza melodia (Wils.), Bd., var. fallax (Bd.), Ridg. 
Gray Song Sparrow. 
386 
387 
388 
389 
4 
2194 
Junco hyemalis (L.), Scl. Snow Bird. 
1518 
Junco cinerous (Sw.), Cab., var. caniceps (Woodh.), Cs. 
Cinereous Snow Bird. 
390 
1378 
2403 
Spizella monticola (Gm.), Bd. Tree Sparrow. 
381 
Spizella socialis (Wils.), Bp. Chipping Sparrow. 
1488 
Spizella socialis (Wils.), Bp., var. arizonae, Cs. Arizona 
Chipping Sparrow. 
380 
1447 
2293 
2294 
2810 ! 
1448 
Spizella pusilla (Wils.), Bp. Field Sparrow. 
1503 
1504 
1505 
Spizella pallida (Sw.), Bp., var. broweri (Cass.), Cs. Brewer's 
Sparrow. 34 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Ster. 
371 
372 
373 
1377 
2302 
Zonotrichia albicollis (Gm.), Bp. White-throated Sparrow. 
2117 
Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forst.), Sw. White-crowned Spar- 
row. 
2112 
Chomlestes grammaca (Say), Bp. Lark Finch. 
368 
2262 
2263 
Passerella iliaca (Merrem.), Sw. Fox Sparrow. 
1486 
1610 
1487 
1611 
Calamospiza bicolor (Towns.), Bp. Lark Bunting; White- 
winged Blackbird. 
367 
1636 
1639 
Euspiza americana (Gm.), Bp. Black-throated Bunting. 
1637 
1638 
1346 
2426 
2427 
1136 
1346 
Goniaphea ludoviciana (L.), Bowdich. Rose-breasted Gros- 
beak. 
1611 
2110 
1512- 
Goniaphea melanocephala (Sw.), . Black-headed Gros- 
beak. 
391 
Cyanospiza cyanea (L.), Bd. Indigo Bird. 
40 
360 
361 
362 
1278 
Cardinalis virginianus (Brisson), Bp. Cardinal Redbird. 
363 
364 
365 
366 
2280 
2281 
Pipilo erythrophthalmns (L.), V. Towhee Bunting; Chevnnk. 
1489 
Pipilo fuscus, Sw. Brown Towhee; Canon Finch. 
Family : American Starlings. 
37 
79 
394 
396 
584 
1344 
Dolichonyx oryzivorus (L.), Sw. Bobolink; Reedbird; Rice- 
bird. 
396 
1325 
Molothrus ater (Gm.), Sw. Cowbird. 
70 
397 
398 
399 
117 
Agebeus phoeniceus (L.), Y. Red-winged Blackbird. 
1492 
1479 
Xanthocephalus icteroeephalus (Br.), Bd. Yellow-headed, 
Blackbird. Cran. 
Skel. 
Ster. 
400 
401 
402 
14 
Sturnella magna (L.), Sw. Field Lark; Meadow Lark. 
1613 
1614 
1615 
1612 
1471 
Sturnella magna (L.), Sw. var. neglecta (Aud.), All. West- 
ern Field Lark. 
403 
1627 
1628 
Icterus baltimore (L.), Daudin. Baltimore Oriole. 
1472 
1520 
2118 
2411 
Icterus bullockii (Sw.), Bp. Bullock’s Oriole. 
404 
405 
406 
809 
Seolecophagus ferrugineus (Gm.), Sw. Rusty Orackle. 
939 
1473 
Scolecophagus cyanocephalus (Magi.), Cab. Blue-headed, 
Orackle. 
39 
407 
408 
409 
824 
1279 
Quiscalus purpureus (Bartr.), Licht. Purple Orackle; Crow 
Blackbird. 
Family Corvidae : Crows. 
Sub-Family Corvince: Havens and Crows. 
410 
707 
927 
1467 
1568 
Corvus corai, Linn. Raven. 
411 
Corvus cryptoleucus, Couch. White-necked Raven. 
412 
413 
838 
133 
Corvus americanus, Aud. Common Crow. 
414 
Corvus ossifragus, Wils. Fish Crow. 
926 
979 
1391 
Picicorvus columbianus (Wils.), Bp. Clarke's Crow. 
971 
Gymnokitta cynanocephala, Maxim. Blue Crow. 
Sub-Family Oarrulince: Jays. 
1400 
2102 
Pica melanoleuca, V., var. nuttalli (Aud.), Cs. Yellow-billed 
Magpie. 
415 
416 
417 
418 
115 
Cyanurus cristatus (L.), Sw. Blue Jay. 
. Cran. 
Skol. 
Ster. 
1469 
Aphelocoina floridana (Bartr.), Cab., var. Woodhousei (Bd.) 
All. Woodhouse’s Jay. 
419 
Perisoreus canadensis (L.), Bp. Canada Jay; Whiskey Jack. 
, 
Sub-Order Clamatores. 
Family Tyrannidjs : American Flycatchers. 
291 
292 
1840 
1341 
1389 
1342 
Tyranus carolinensis (L.), Bd. Kingbird; Bee-Martin. 
1642 
1643 
1644 
1645 
1641 
1646 
Tyrannus verticalis (Say). Arkansas Flycatcher. 
2128 
2287 
1752 
2129 
Sayornis fuscus (Gm.), Bd. Pewee Pewit; Phoebe Bird. 
293 
Contopus virens (L.), Cab. Wood Pewee. 
1508 
1498 
1509 
Contopus virens (L.), Cab., var. richardsonii (Sw.), Cs. 
Western Wood Pewee. 
Order Picarifc : Picarian Birds. 
Sub-Order CYPSELI: Cypseliform Birds. 
Family Caprimulgid.e : Goatsuckers. 
861 
Antrostomus vociferus (Wils.), Bp. Whippoorwill; Night- 
jar. 
1648 
1649 
1650 
1647 
1651 
Chordeiles virginianus (Briss.), Bp., var. henryi (Cass.), All. 
Western Night-Hawk. 
1500 
Family Cypselidte : Swifts. 
171 
Panyptila saxatilis (Woodh.), Cs. White-throated Swift. 
Chaitura pelasgia (L.), Steph. Chimney Swift. 
290 
Family Trociiilidas : Humming-Birds. 
Trochilus colubris, L. Ruby-throated Humming-Bird. 
1456 
1457 
1458 
1459 
Trochilus alexandri, Bourc. Black-chinned Humming-Bird. 
1453 
1454 
1455 
Selasphorus ruins (Gm.), Sw. Rufous-backed. Humming-Bird, 
2233 
1449 
1450 
1451 1 
1452 
Selasphorous platycereus (Sw.), Gld. Bfoad-tailed Humminq- 
Bird. 1 37 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Ster. 
1522 
Stellula calliope ( ), Glcl. Calliope Humming-Bird. 
Family Alciihniiue : Kingfishers. 
155 
Ceryle alcyon (L.), Boie. Belted Kingfisher. 
Family CrrcuLim® : Cuckoos. 
1466 
1788 
1464 
Geococcyx californianus (Less.), Bd. Ground Cuckoo; Chap- 
parral Cock. 
281 
2441 
2140 
Coecyzus erythrophthalmus (Wils.), Bd. Black-billed Cuckoo. 
278 
270 
Coccyzus americanus (L.), Bp. Yellow-billed Cuckoo. 
280 
Family PiciDjE : Woodpeckers. 
621 
718 
550 
Hylotomus pileatus (L.), Bd. PUeated Woodpecker; Logcock. 
2121 
Picus albolarvatus (Cass.), Baird. White-headed Woodpecker. 
1484 
Picus scalaris, Wagl. Ladder-back Woodpecker. 
602 
1370 
Picus villosus, L. Hairy Woodpecker. 
1491 
1477 
Picus villosus, L., var. harrisi (Aud.), All. Harris' Wood- 
pecker. 
282 
283 
2131 
2197 
2132 
Picus pubescens, L. Downy Woodpecker. 
1475 
Picoides america'nus, Brehm., var. dorsalis (Bd.), All. Striped- 
backed Woodpecker. 
1329 
1336 
811 
1276 
Sphyrapicus varius (L.), Bd. Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. 
2309 
1397 
Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Cass.), Bd. Brown-headed. Wood- 
pecker. 
2295 
2275 
2296 
Centurus carolinus, (L.), Bp. Red-bellied Woodpecker. 
1483 
Centurus uropygialis, Bd. Gila Woodpecker. 
2116 
Asyndesmus torquatus (Wils.), Cs. Lewis’ Woodpecker. 
284 
285 
1337 
1206 
1338 
Melanerpes erythrocephalus (L.), Sw. Red-headed Wood- 
pecker. 
286 
287 
288 
289 
118 
1327 
Colaptes auratus (L.), Sw. Golden-winged Woodpecker 
Flicker. 38 
Cran. 
Skel. 
j Ster. 
2079 
2104 
1470 
Colaptes mexicanus, Sw. Red-shafted Woodpecker. 
Order Psittaci : Parrots. 
Family Arida:: Parroquets. 
277 
Conurus carolinensis (L.), Kuhl. Carolina Par roquet. 
Family Psittacidje: Typical Parrots. 
275 
Psittacus erythacus, Linn. Red-tailed Parrot. 
276 
Chrysotis ochrocephala (Gm.). Yellow-fronted Parrot. 
Order Rap tores: Birds of Prey. 
Family Strigidje : Owls. 
1351 
Strix flammea (L.), var. americana (Aud.), Cs. Barn Owl. 
270 
837 
800 
2144 
Bubo virginianus (Gm.), Bp. Great Horned Owl. 
2499 
Bubo maximus. Great Ovil. 
274 
610 
2420 
Scops asio (L.), Bp. Screech Owl; Mottled Owl. 
603 
1241 
Otus vulgaris-(L.), var. wilsonianus (Less.), All. Long-eared 
Owl. 
273 
788 
2091 
591 
Brachyotus palustris (Bechst), Bp. Short-eared Owl. 
272 
156 
Syrnium nebulosum (Forst.), Gr. Barred Owl. 
271 
Nyctea nivea (Daud.), Gr. Snowy Owl. 
897 
Nyctale acadica (Gm.), Bp. Acadian Owl; Saw-whet Owl. 
1403 
Glaucidium passerinum (L.), Bp., var. californicum (Scl.), 
Bidg. Pygmy Owl. 
Family Fai.oonid.e : Diurnal Birds of Prey, 
268 
921 
2388 
2392 
Circus cvaneus (L.), Lacep., var. hudsonius (L.), Cs. Marsh 
Hawk; Harrier. 
2209 
Elanus leucurus (V.), Bp. White-tailed Kite; Black-shoul- 
dered Kite. 
949 
1294 
604 
2461 
1295 
Accipitcr fuscus (Gm.), Bp. Sharp-shinned Hawk; Pigeon 
Hawk. 
266 
717 
800 
Accipiter cooperi, Bp. Cooper's Hawk; Chicken Hawk. Cran. 
Skel. 
Ster. 
265 
139 
2225 
Astur atricapillus (Wils.), Bp. Goshawk. 
922 
Falco (Hiero-falco) gyrfalco (Linn.), var. islandicus, Sabine. 
2230 
1386 
Falco mexicanus (Licht.), var. polyagrus, Ridg. Lanier 
Falcon. 
923 
Falco communis. Peregrine Falcon; Duck Hawk. 
269 
924 
Falco columbarius, L. Pigeon Hawk. 
1594 
2108 
1595 
Falco sparverius, L. Sparrow Hawk. 
263 
264 
716 
2082 
15 
2083 
Buteo borealis (Gm.), V. Red-tailed Buzzard; Hen Hawk. 
1485 
2228 
2229 
1369 
1462 
Buteo borealis (Gm.), V., var. calurus (Cass.), Ilidg. Western 
Red-tailed Buzzard. 
267 
708 
2437 
Buteo lineatus (Gm.), Jard. Red-shouldered Buzzard. 
1685 
2186 
1385 
Buteo swainsoni, Bp. Swainson’s Buzzard. 
936 
937 
938 
2080 
Archibuteo lagopus (Brunn.), Gr., var. sancti-johannis (Gm.), 
liidg. Rough-legged Buzzard. 
1463 
Asturina plagiata, Schlegel. Gray Hawk. 
135 
Pandion haliaetus (L.), Savigny. Fish Hawk; Osprey. 
891 
1197 
2353 
796 
2085 
Aquila chrysaetus, (L.). Golden Eagle. 
836 
892 
893 
2107 
683 
Haliaetus leucocephalus (L.), Savigny. White-headed Eagle; 
Bald Eagle. 
Family : Old World Vultures. 
2460 
Neophron perconopterus. 
Family CathartiD/E : American Vultures. 
709 
138 
Cathartes aura (L.), Illiger. Turkey Buzzard. 
2459 | 
Gyparchus papa. 
Order Columbae : Pigeons, etc. 
Family Columrid-e : Pigeons. 
1490 
Columba fasciata, Say. Band-tailed Pigeon. 40 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Ster. 
424 
958 
Eetopistes migratorius (L.), Sw. Wild Pigeon. 
425 
420 
427 
428 
114 
Zenasdura carolinensis (L.), Bp. Carolina Dove. 
420 
421 
422 
423 
18 
Columba liria (domestica), Linn. Common Pigeon. 
Order Gallinae : Gallinaceous Birds. 
Family M K.r.kagridi d.e : Turkeys. 
429 
430 
141 
Meleagris gallopavo, L. Turkey. 
965 
966 
1446 
1390 
1445 
Meleagris gallopavo (L.), var. americana (Bartr.), Cs. Com- 
mon Wild 'Turkey. 
Family : Pheasants. 
586 
1044 
1824 
Pavo cristatus, Linn. Peacock. 
38 
431 
432 
433 
41 
1365 
Gallus bankivi, Temm. Domestic Fowl. 
Family Numidid.®: Guinea Fowls. 
434 
27 
Numida meleagris, Linn. Guinea Fowl. 
Family Tetraonidje: Grouse, etc. 
Sub-Family Tetraonince: Grouse. 
435 
1677 
1678 
1679 
Tetrao canadensis, L. Canada Grouse; Spruce Partridge. 
1426 
1672 
1673 
1674 
1427 
Centrocercus urophasianus (Bp.), Sw. Sage Cock; Cock-of- 
the-Plains. 
436 
1429 
1428 
Pedioecetes phasianellus (L.), Ell. Northern Sharp-tailed 
Grouse. 
437 
438 
439 
140 
Cupidonia cupido (L.), Bd. Pinnated Grouse; Prairie lien. 
126 
Bonasa umbellus (L.), Stepli. Ruffed Grouse; Partridge; 
Pheasant. 41 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Ster. 
940 
Lagopus albus (Gm.), Aud. Willow Ptarmigan. 
Sub-Family Odontophorince: American Partridge. 
31 
77 
78 
440 
125 
1280 
Ortyx Virginian us (L.), Bp. Virginia Partridge; Quail; liab- 
le kite. 
925 
Oreortyx pictus (Dougl.), Bd. Plumed Partridge. 
973 
Lophortyx californicus (Shaw), Bp. California Partridge. 
1392 
1389 
1393 
Cyrtonyx massena (Less.), Gld. Massena Partridge. 
Order Grallatores: Wading Birds. 
Sub-Order LIMICOL^33: Shore Birds. 
Family Charadiid,® : Plover. 
Sub-Family Charadriince: True Plover. 
868 
920 
867 
Charadriusfulvus, (Gm.), var. virginicus (Borck.), Cs. Golden 
Plover. 
606 
607 
991 
2260 
150 
2261 
iEgialitis vociferus (L.), Cass. Kildcer Plover. 
1681 
1682 
1683 
asiaticus (Pall.), var. montanus (Towns.), Coues. 
Mountain Plover. 
2255 
2256 
2246 
Haematopus palliatus, Temm. Gy ster-catcher. 
Family Eecurvirostrid/E : Avocets 
1598 
1599 
1676 
2100 
1596 
1387 
1597 
Recurvirostra americana, Gm. Avocet. 
2099 
1359 
1552 
Himantopus nigricollis, V. Stilt. 
Family PhalaropodiD/E : Phalaropes. 
1435 
1436 
1640 
1437 
Steganopus wilsoni (Sab.), Cs. Wilson's Phalarope. 
2122 
2123 
2120 
2124 
Lobipes hyperboreus (L.), Cuv. Northern Phalarope. 
Family : Snipe, etc. 
449 
116 
Philohela minor (Gm.), Gr. American Woodcock. 
450 
898 
1291 
151 
1292 
Gallinago wilsoni (Temm.), Bp. American Snipe; Wilson’s 
Snipe. 42 
Oran. 
Skel. 
Ster. 
1481 
1480 
1482 
Ereunetes pusillus (L.), Cass. Semi-palmated Sandpiper. 
1617 
1618 
1619 
1616 
1620 
Tringa minutilla, V. Least Sandpiper. 
1626 
Tringa bairdii, Coues. Baird’s Sandpiper. 
1343 
1653 
862 
1654 
Tringa maculata, V. Pectoral Sandpiper. 
1631 
1632 
1633 
1634 
1635 
Tringa bonapartii, Sohl. White-rumped Sandpaper. 
451 
Tringa alpina (L.), var. americana, Cas. American Dunlin. 
456 
1698 
1652 
Limosa fedoa (L.), Ord. Great Marble Godivit. 
1607 
1608 
1609 
2096 
1605 
1606 
Totanus semi-palmatus, Gm. Tattler; Semi-palmated Tattler 
1293 
Totanus melanoleucus, Gm. Greater Tell-tale. 
452 
102 
Totanus llavipes, Gm. Yellow-Shanks. 
453 
Totanus solitarius, Wils. Solitary Tattler. 
454 
455 
Tringoides macularius (L.), Gr. Spotted Sandpiper. 
1659 
1660 
1425 
1661 
Actiturus bartramius (Wils.), Bp. Bartramian Sandpiper 
Upland Plover. 
2226 
Heteroscelus incanus (Gm.), Coues. Wandering Tattler. 
458 
459 
1079 
Numenius longirostris, Wils. Long-billed Curlew. 
457 
Numenius hudsonicus, Lath. Hudsonian Curlew. 
928 
929 
Numenius borealis (Forst.), Lath. Esquimaux Curlew. 
Sub-Order HERIODIONES : Herons and their Allies. 
Family Tantalidus : Ibises, etc. 
Sub-Family Ibidince: True Ibises. 
448 
2097 
2104 
Ibis falcincllus, (Auct.), var. ordii (Bp.), All. Glossy Ibis. 
447 
Ibis alba (L.), V. White Ibis. 43 
Cran. 
Skel. 
j Ster. 
1016 
1163 
Platalea ajaja, L. Roseate Spoonbill. 
1162 
Tantalus loculator, L. Wood Ibis. 
Family Ardeid.e : Herons. 
Sub-Family Ardeince : True Herons. 
1012 
2189 
582 
2190 
Ardea lierodias, L. Great Blue Heron. 
2227 
Ardea egretta, Gm. Great White Egret. 
442 
Ardea leucogastra, (Gm.), var. leucoprymna (Lieht.), Cs 
Louisiana Heron. 
443 
444 
445 
1011 
1281 
Ardea virescens, L. Green Heron. 
446 
Nyctiardea grisea (L.), Stepli., var. nsevia (Bodd.), Allen 
Night Heron. 
1289 
Botaurus minor (Gm.). Bittern; Indian Hen. 
Sub-Order ALECTORIDES : Cranes, Rails, etc. 
Family Gruid/e : Cranes. 
2076 
Grus americanus (L.), Ord. White Crane; Hooping Crane 
441 
1675 
2098 
1688 
Grus canadensis (L.), Temm. Brown Crane; Sandhill Crane 
Family RAi.LiDiE: Rails. 
Sub-Family Rallince: True Rails. 
2258 
llallus longirostris, Bodd. Clapper Rail; Salt-water Marsh- 
IIcn. 
977 
Rallus virginianus, L. Virginia Rail. 
461 
460 
Porzana Carolina (L-), V. Carolina Rail; Sora; Ortolan. 
462 
463 
464 
124 j 
Fulica americana, Gm. Coot. 
Order iLamellirostres : Anserine Birds. 
Family An atid.e : Swans, Geese, and Ducks. 
Sub-Family Cyegnince: Swans. 
465 
901 
902 
12 
2389 j 
Cygnus americanus, Sharpless. Whistling Swam. 
2419 
1586 
Cygnus olor, L. European Swan. 44 
Cran. 
Skol. 
Ster. 
Sub-Family Anserinee: Geese. 
930 
Ansor hyperboreus, Pall. Snow Goose. 
466 
467 
468 
469 
149 
Anser ferus (domesticus), Linn. Common Goose. 
Ansor cygnoides, Linn. Swan Goose. 
473 
474 
2187 
2188 
Branta bernicla, L. Brant Goose. 
941 
Branta bernicla, var. nigricans (L.), Cs. Brant Goose. 
470 
471 
472 
1127 
17 
Branta canadensis, L. Canada Goose; Wild Goose. 
931 
932 
933 
Branta canadensis (L.), var. hutchinsii (Rich.),Cs. Hutchins' 
Goose. 
Sub-Family Anatince: River Ducks. 
477 
478 
839 
1115 
Anas boschas, L. Mallard. 
479 
Anas obscura, Gm. Dusky Duck. 
97 
98 
475 
476 
1051 
1282 
1283 
Anas boschas (domesticus), Linn. Common Duck. 
Cairina moschata. Muscovy Duck. 
480 
481 
1112 
1284 
Dalila acuta (L.), Jenyns. Pintail; Sprigtail. 
1691 
1692 
1693 
1694 
Chaulelasmus streperus, L. Gray Gadwall; Gray Duck. 
486 
487 
488 
935 
1114 
Mareca americana (Gm.), Stoph. American Widgeon; Bald- 
pate. 
482 
483 
1117 
Querquedula carolinensis (Gm.). Green-winged Teal. 
934 
741 
Querqucdula discors (L.), Steph. Blue-winged Teal. 
1668 
2106 
2119 
1388 
Querquedula cyanoptera (V.), Cass. Cinnamon Teal. 45 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Stcr. 
484 
485 
942 
943 
1122 
1285 
Spatula clypeata (L.), Boie. Shoveller. 
489 
490 
491 
109 
Aix sponsa (L.), Boie. Summer Duck; Wood Duck. 
492 
Sub-Family Fuligidince: Sea Ducks. 
Fuligula marila (L.), Steph. Greater Blackhead. 
493 
494 
495 
1124 
Fuligula affinis, Eyton. Lesser Blackhead. 
496 
497 
498 
2193 
Fuligula col laris (Donovan), Bp. Ring-necked Duck. 
499 
600 
946 
947 
1123 
Fuligula ferina (L.), Sw., var. americana (Eyton), Cs. Red- 
head ; Pochard. 
501 
502 
503 
504 
1125 
Fuligula vallisneria (Wils.), Steph. Canvas-back. 
505 
606 
507 
508 
1128 
1468 
1553 
Bucephala clangula (L.), Gr. Golden-eyed Duck. 
1695 
1696 
1697 
Bucephala islandica (Gm.), Hd. Barrow's Goldeneye. 
509 
510 
511 
512 
129 
Bucephala albeola (L.), Bd. Buffle-headed Duck; Butter-ball 
514 
515 
918 
1119 
• Harelda glacialis (L.), Leach. Long-tailed Duck. 
513 
Histrionicus torquatus (L.), Bp. Harlequin Duck. 
917 
Somateria spectabilis (L.), Leach. King Eider. 
628 
1132 
627 
(Edemia fusca (L.), Sw. (? var. velvetina, Cass). Velvet Scoter 
894 
; (Edemia perspicillata (L.), Fleming. Surf Duck. 
516 
517 
617 
mi 
Erismatura rubida (Wils.), Bp. Ruddy Duck. Cran. 
Skel. 
Ster. 
Sub-Family Mergince : Mergansers. 
C14 
840 
8 
2009 
1286 
Mergus merganser, L. Merganser; Goosander 
2391 
1130 
2380 
Mergus serrator, L. Red-breasted Merganser. 
518 
519 
1118 
Mergus cucullatus, L. Hooded Merganser. 
Family PiKENicoPTKRiDiE. 
2498 
Phoenicopterus antiquorum. Flamingo. 
Order Steganopodes : Totipalmate Birds. 
Family Pelicans. 
520 
1076 
1689 
2092 
1690 
2093 
Pelecanus trachyrhynchus, Lath. Whitt Pelican. 
895 
1087 
Pelecanus fuscus, L. Brown Pelican. 
521 
Graculus carbo (L.), Gray. Common Cormorant; Shag. 
1699 
1700 
1701 
Graculus dilophus (Sw.), Gray. Double-crested Cormorant. 
1287 
Graculus bicristatus (Pall.), Bd. Red-faced Cormorant. 
522 
Plotus anhinga, L. Anhinga; Darter. 
Order Longipennes : Long-winged Swimmers. 
Family Laridje : Gulls, Terns, etc. 
Sub-Family Lestridime: Jaegers, or Skua Gulls. 
916 
Stercorarius parasiticus (Brunn.), Gray. Richardson s Jaeger. 
Sub-Family Larince: True Gulls. 
900 
1246 
Larus glaucescens, Licht. Glaucous-winged Gull. 
1055 
1657 
826 
1658 
Larus argentatus, Brunn. Herring Gull; Common Gull. 
153 
Larus delawarensis, Ord. Ring-billed Gull. 
2101 
Larus delawarensis, var. californicus (Lawe), Coues. Cali- 
fornia Gull.. 
1248 
Larus tridactylus, L. Kitteivake. 
525 
899 
2519 
1625 
2520 
Larus Philadelphia (Ord.), Cs. Bonaparte's Gull. 
Larus franklin, Bich. Franklin's Rosy Gull. 47 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Ster. 
Sub-Family Sterninae: Terns. 
2248 
2249 
2250 
2247 
2251 
Sterna anglica, Montagu. Gull-billed Tern; Marsh Tern. 
2479 
2245 
Sterna regia, Gambel. Royal Tern. 
1702 
2252 
2253 
1662 
2254 
Sterna hirundo, L. Common Tern; Sea Swallow. 
1602 
1603 
1604 
2114 
1600 
1601 
Sterna forsteri, Nutt. Forster's Tern. 
1656 
173 
1656 
Hydrochelidon tissipes (L.), Gray. Black Tern. 
2105 
2125 
2103 
Sub-Family Rhynchopince. 
2476 
2477 
2478 
523 
524 
2257 
Rhynchops nigra, L. Black Skimmer. 
Family Procellariidjs : Petrels. 
Sub-Family Diomedeince: Albatrosses. 
Diomedea nigripes, Aud. Black-footed Albatross. 
Sub-Family Procellariince: True Petrels. 
Fregetta grallaria (V.), Bp. White-bellied Petrel. 
Order Pyg-opodes : Diving Birds. 
Family CoLYMBlDiE: Loons. 
611 
944 
526 
2522 
Colymbus torquatus, Brunn. Loon; Great Northern Diver. 
Colymbus arcticus, L. Black-throated Diver. 
Colymbus arcticus, L., var. pacificus (Lawr.), Cs. Pacific 
Diver. 
527 
Colymbus septentrionalis, L. Red-throated Diver. 
Family Podicipid.e : Grebes. 
2109 
919 
2090 
Podiceps Lawe. Wester-n Grebe. 
Podiceps griseigena (Bodd.), Gray, var. holbOlli (Reinli.), Cs. 
Red-necked Grebe. 
1121 
720 
1120 
Podiceps cornutus (6m.), Lath. Horned Grebe. 
Podilymbus podiceps (L.), Lawr. Pied-billed Dabchick. 48 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Stor. 
1250 
Family Alcid,® : Auks. 
Phaleris psittacula (Pall.), Tornm. Paroquet Auk. 
1251 
Simorhynchus cristatellus (Pall.), Merrem. Crested Auk. 
1249 
Simorhynchus camtscliaticus (Lepech.),Schl. Whiskered Auk. 
1247 
Uria, sp. 
1438 
Sub-Class Ratitae: Struthious Birds. 
Order Strutiliones: Struthious Birds. 
Family Strutiiionidje : Ostrich. 
Struthio camelus, Linn. Ostrich. 
1439 
Family Casuariidje: Emeus, etc. 
Sub-Family: Dromaince: Emeus. 
Dromieus novae-hollandiae, Lath. Common Emeu. MONSTROSITIES AND MISCELLANEOUS SPECIMENS OF AND 
FROM BIRDS. 
No. 
1027 Entozoa found in gray song sparrow (Melospiza melodia). 
1032 Entozoa found in canon finch (Pipilo fuscus). 
1034 Entozoa. found in vireo pusillus. 
2417 Entozoa found in the abdominal cavity of a meadow lark (Sturnella magna). 
2516 Passerculus anthinus (In spirit). 
2517 Passerculus rostratus (In spirit). 
2518 Chrysomitris lawrencii (In spirit). 
127 Encephalon of a woodpecker (Picus villosus). 
1039 Tongue with os hyoides in connection with the bulbi olfactorii of a wood- 
pecker (Hylotomus pileatus). 
136 Stomach of a fish-hawk (Pandion halicetus). 
594 Parasites found in trachea of bald eagle (Halicetus leurocephalus). 
1030 Entozoa from eye socket of swallow-tailed kite (Nauclerusfurcatus). 
1033 Entozoa found in western red-tailed buzzard (Buteo borealis). 
137 Alimentary canal of a turkey buzzard (Cathartes aura). 
1199 Larynx and trachea of a turkey buzzard (Cathartes aura). 
158 Skeleton of a chicken (Gallus bankivi) with double body and one head. 
578 Skeleton a young chicken (Gallus bankivi) with two additional legs attached 
to coccyx. 
618 Embryo of a domestic fowl (Gallus bankivi). 
842 Embryo of a domestic fowl (Gallus bankivi) with four legs. 
855 Skeleton of an embryo of a domestic fowl (Gallus bankivi) with one head, 
two necks, two bodies, and four wings. 
912 Pelvis of a chicken (Gallus bankivi) with a supernumerary os innominatum 
and four legs. 
960 Skeleton of an malformed embryo chicken (Gallus bankivi). The hemi- 
cephalus cranium has two perfect faces; the cervical vertebrae are doubly 
thick; the two thoraces form but one cavity with two well-developed 
sterna; there are four wings and four legs. 
1000 Embryo of chicken (Gallus bankivi) with double cranium, having two hills 
and three eyes. 
1074 Skeleton of a young chicken (Gallus bankivi) with an additional pelvis, four 
legs, and two additional rudimentary wings. 
1139 Skeleton of a chicken (Gallus bankivi) with three legs and four feet. 
1179 A chicken (Gallus bankivi) with two bodies, four wings, four legs, and one 
head. 
1180 A chicken (Gallus bankivi) with two bodies, four wings, four legs, and one 
head. 
1264 Skeleton of a young chicken (Gallus bankivi) with four legs. The cranium 
is hemicephalus, and contains no brain; has a double inferior maxilla ; 
there are spina bifida of the vertebral column. 
1354 Skeleton of a chicken (Gallus bankivi) with an additional pelvis and two 
additional legs. - 50 
No. 
1556 Skeleton of ft chicken (Gallus bankivi) with four legs. 
1917 Skeleton of a chicken (Gallus bankivi) with three logs, the additional leg 
being attached to the os coccygis by two muscular bands. The bones 
of the additional leg are anchylosed. 
2239 Skeleton of a young chicken (Gallus bankivi) with two bodies and one head. 
2386 Egg of a Cochin-China fowl (Gallus bankivi i, weighing about seven ounces. 
When opened, a full-size well-developed egg was found within. 
2456 Four-legged chicken (Gallus bankivi). 
1025 Entozoa from the throat of a chicken (Gallus bankivi) with gapes. 
1268 Pelvis of a domestic fowl (Gallus bankivi). 
1575 Two of eight eggs found in the ovaries of a chicken (Gallus bankivi), which 
carried them for two years. The eggs are thickly covered with a gelat- 
inous substance. 
2425 A double egg. 
2416 Tapeworm from the intestines of a sage-cock (Centrocereus urophasianus), 
with a portion of the intestine, in which the parasite still remains. 
2469 Tumor removed from below anus of a hen. 
2512 Tumor removed from a hen. 
2513 Solid ovarian tumor taken from a hen. 
143 Alimentary canal of a turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). 
643 Duplex embryo of a duck (Anas boschas). 
1108 Skeleton of common duck (Anas domesticus) with three legs. The bones 
of the third leg are anchylosed. 
1242 Cranium of a goose (Anser domesticus), with posterior fontanelle. 
7 Eye of a swan (Cygnus americanus), with palpebral and lachrymal glands. 
119 Encephalon of a duck (Anas boschas). 
1113 Inferior larynx of a sprigtail (Dafila acuta). 
1116 Organs of respiration of a mallard (Anas boschas). 
1126 Inferior larynx of a canvas-back (Fuligula vallisneria). 
1129 Respiratory organs of golden-eyed duck (Bucephala clangula). 
1131 Respiratory organs of red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator). 
1026 Entozoa from the stomach of a brown pelican (Pelicanus fuscus). 
1415 Entozoa from the horned grebe (Podiceps cornutus). LIST OF CRANIA AND SKELETONS OF REPTILIA AND 
BATRACHIA. 
Note.—The classification and nomenclature adopted are substantially, according 
to Prof. Edward I). Cope, in his ‘‘Check List of North American Batrachia ai d 
Reptilia,” Bull. U. S. Nat. 3Ius. No. 1. 
Class REPTILIA. 
Order Ophidia. 
Sub-Order SOLEKOGLYPHA. 
Family : Rattlesnakes, etc. 
Oran. 
Skel. 
545 
1968 
Crotalus horrid us, Linn. Banded Rattlesnake ; Northern Rat- 
615 
tlesnake. 
1582 
2465 
Crotalus adamanteus, var. adamanteus (Beauv.), Cope' 
2214 
700 
1966 
Diamond Rattlesnake. 
998 
1758 
Crotalus adamanteus, var. atrox (Bd. and Gird.), Cope. Sonoran 
1757 
1979 
Rattlesnake. 
2174 
Crotalus lucifer, Baird and Girard. California Rattlesnake. 
2048 
1980 
Crotalus confluentus, Say. Common Western Rattlesnake. 
2211 
Crotalus molussus, Bd. and Girard. Rattlesnake. 
1952 
1953 
Caudisona miliaria, Linn. Sand Rattler ; Small Spotted, Rat- 
1955 
1978 
tlesnake. 
2215 
1992 
Caudisona tergemina, Say. Black Rattlesnake; Prairie Rat- 
tlesnake ; Massassanga. 
1925 
Aneistrodon piscivorous, var. piscivorous (Lac.), Cope. Water 
Moccasin. 
2212 
1003 
Aneistrodon contortrix, Bd. and Gird. Moccasin. 
2213 
1959 
Sub-Order PROTEROGLYFHA. 
Family Elaphde : The Vipers. 
1319 
90 
Elaps fulvius, var. fulvius (Linn.), Cope. Harlequin Snake ; 
1581 
Bead Snake. 
1976 
1956 
Elaps fulvius, var. tener (Baird and Girard), Cope. Harlequin, 
1972 
Snake. 52 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Sub-Order ASINEA. 
Family Colubridte ; Colubrine Serpents. 
1941 
Carphophiops helense, Kennicott. 
859 
94 
Carphophiops amoenus, Say. Red Snake; Ground Snake; 
20,29 
Worm Snake. 
1985 
Ilaldea striatula, Linn. Brown Snake. 
2036 
Tantilla gracilis, Baird and Girard. 
1020 
Tantilla nigriceps, Kenn. 
2041 
1946 
Farancia abacura, Holbrook. Red-bellied Horn Snake. 
2038 
Cemophora coccinea, Blumenbach. Scarlet Snake. 
1733 
1963 
Rhinochi]us lecontci, Baird and Girard. LeConte’s Snake. 
1945 
Ophibolils doliatus, -var. coccineus (Schlegel), Cope. Ring 
Snake. 
1091 
83 
Ophibolus doliatus, var. gentilis (Bd. and Grd.), Cope. King 
Snake. 
1038 
Ophibolus doliatus, var. doliatus (Linn.), Cope. Red Snake; 
Common Snake. 
1961 
Ophibolus doliatus, var. triangulus (Boic), Cope. Milk Snake; 
House Snake; Spotted Adder; Thunder and Lightning Snake; 
Chicken Snake. 
2021 
994 
Ophibolus gctulus, var. boylii (Bd. and Grd.), Cope. Boyle's 
2012 
Chain Snake. 
1090 
1974 
Ophibolus gctulus, var. sayi (Holbrook), Cope. Say’s Chain 
Snake. 
701 
Ophibolus, var. getulus gctulus (Linn.), Cope. Thunder 
Snake; King Snake. 
1947 
1984 
2018 
Ophibolus polyzonus. 
1414 
706 
Diadophis, punctatus var. punctatus Cope. Ring- 
831 
2014 
necked Snake. 
851 
Diadophis punctatus, var. amabilis (Cope), Bd. and Grd. Ring- 
1970 
necked Snake. 
2044 
Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha, Cope. 
1964 
Sibon annulatum, var. septentrionale (Kenn.), Cope. 
1942 
Phimothyra grahamiae, Baird and Girard. Graham's Snake. Cran. 
Skel. 
548 
590 
Gyelophis vernalis, DoKay. Green Snake. 
1281 
2025 
1975 
1971 
Cyclophis aestivus, Linn. Green Snake. 
1089 
Coluber emoryi, Baird and Girard. Emory's Snake. 
1969 
743 
Coluber vulpinus, Baird and Girard. Fox Snake. 
1931 
1958 
2010 
Coluber quadrivittatus, Holbrook. Chicken Snake. 
1018 
Coluber obsoletus, var. obsoletus (Say), Cope. 
2017 
1087 
Coluber obsoletus, var. confinis (Say), Cope. Pilot Black 
Snake; Racer. 
2218 
1213 
Coluber guttatus, Linn. Chicken Snake; Spotted Racer. 
1948 
2011 
1988 
Pityophis sayi, var. sayi (Schlegel), Cope. Pine Snake; Iv ina 
Snake. 
1222 
1221 
Pityophis sayi, var. mexicanus, I)um. and Bib. Gopher Snake. 
1987 
980 
1223 
Pityophis sayi, var. bcllona, Bd. and Grd. Bull Snake. 
2047 
1536 
1999 
53 
Bascanium constrictor ( Linn.), Bd. and Grd. Black Snake. 
1944 
Bascanium, flagelliforme var. flagelliforme (Catcsbv), Cope. 
Whip Snake; Coach-whip Snake. 
702 
1759 
Bascanium flagalliforme var. testaceum (Say), Bd. and Grd 
982 
1991 
* 
2031 
1530 
Bascanium taeniatum, var. laterale (Halowell), Cope. 
1951 
1529 
Bascanium taeniatum, var. tamiaturrt, Halowell 
1934 
705 
Eutsenia saurita, Linn. Ribbon Snake; Swift Garter Snake. 
2002 
995 
1088 
Eutaenia faireyi, Bd. and Gird. Fairie’s Garter Snake. 
2008 
1994 
Eutaenia proxima, Say. Say’s Garter Snake. 
2022 
Eutamia radix, Baird and Girard. IToy's Garter Snake. 
2023 54 
Cran. 
Skel. 
2173 
Eutaenia radix, var. twiningii) (Bd. and Grd.), Cs. and Yar. 
Twining's Garter Snake. 
1973 
Eutaenia macrostemma, var. megalops (Kenn.), Cope. 
547 
84 
Eutaenia marciana, Bd. and Gird. Marcy's Garter Snake. 
1233 
2013 
2048 
1528 
1527 
Eutaenia vagrans (Bd. and Gird.), Cope. Common Western 
2026 
2024 
Garter Snake. 
1229 
Eutaenia elegans, Bd. and Gird. Elegant Garter Snake. 
1998 
Eutaenia ornata, Baird. 
2027 
1318 
85 
Eutaenia sirtalis, var. dorsalis, Bd. and Gird. Eastern Garter 
1933 
Snake. 
1533 
1230 
Eutaenia sirtalis, var. ordinata (Linn.), Bd. and Gird. 
1936 
2176 
546 
42 
Eutamia sirtalis, var. sirtalis (Linn.), Bd. and Gird. 
1228 
1227 
2007 
2001 
911 
Eutaenia sirtalis, var. parietalis (Linn.), Say. 
1898 
Eutaenia sirtalis, var. obscura (Linn.), Cope. Dusky Garter 
Snake; Black Back Garter Snake. 
2030 
Eutaenia sirtalis, var. piekeringii (Bd. and Gird.), Cope- 
Pickering's Garter Snake. 
1939 
Eutaenia cooperii, Kennicott. Cooper's Garter Snake. 
1989 
Storeria occipitomaculata, Storer. Red-bellied Snake. 
2053 
2033 
Storeria dekayi, Holbrook. DeKay’s Brown Snake. 
858 
Tropidonotus grahamii, Bd. and Gird. Graham's Water Snake. 
1982 
2034 
598 
Tropidonotus leberis, Linn. Yellow-bellied Snake; Leather 
1997 
Snake. 
1950 
Tropidonotus fasciatus, Linn. Banded Water Snake; Pig 
1962 
Snake. 
1977 
629 
830 
Tropidonotus sipedon, var. sipedon (Linn.), Cope. Water 
1949 
1558 
Snake; Water Adder. 
1214 
Tropidonotus sipedon var. woodhouseii (Bd. and Gird.), Cope. 
Wood house's Snake. 
2006 
Tropidonotus sipedon, var. erythrogaster (Shaw), Cope. Red- 
bellied Water Snake. 55 
Cran. 
Skel. 
1916 
703 
Heterodon platyrhinus, Latreille. Western Sand Viper; Blow- 
1954 
1086 
ing Hog; Viper Adder ; Nose Snake. 
1957 
1926 
Heterodon platyrhinus, var. atmodes (Baird and Girard), Cope. 
Hog-nose Snake; Spreading Adder. 
Heterodon platyrhinus, var. niger (Baird and Girard), Yarrow. 
2016 
1582 
1587 
Black Viper; Black Adder. 
Heterodon simus, var. simus (Linn.), Cope. Hog-nosed Snake. 
2178 
1226 
768 
Heterodon simus, var. nasicus (Bd. and Girard), Cope. Hog- 
2000 
1760 
nosed Snake ; Sand Viper; Western Spreading Adder. 
. 
1986 
Family : Boas. 
Boa constrictor, Linn. Boa. 
543 
544 
1910 
Order Liacertilia: The Lizards. 
Sub-Order OPHEOSAURI. 
Family Amiuiisb.exid.e. 
Rhineiira floridana, Cope. 
1103 
1995 
962 
Order Pleuroclonta. 
Sub-Order LEPTOGLOSSA. 
Family : Skinks. 
Eumeces obsoletus, Bd. and Gird. Pale Lizard. 
998 
Eumeces guttulatus, Hallo well. Spotted Lizard, or Skink. 
999 
2.81 
Eumeces skiltonianus, Bd. and Gird. Shilton's Skink. 
876 
1215 
Eumeces fasciatus, Linn. Striped Lizard; Blue-tailed Skink. 
1216 
1899 
1271 
1272 
1273 
1274 
2028 
91 
2037 
Family Teid^e. 
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus, Linn. Six-lined Lizard. 
92 
541 
1542 
1543 
1990 
2004 56 
Cran. 
Skel. 
1902 
Cnemidophorus tesselatus, var. tigris (Bd. and Gird.), Cope. 
Tiger Lizard. 
1717 
Cnemidophorus tesselatus, var. tesselatus (Say), Cope. Ten- 
1718 
selated Lizard. 
1719 
1720 
Sub-Order DIPLOGLOSSA. 
Family : The Glass Snakes. 
*1915 
1937 
Opheosaurus ventralis, Daudin. Glass Snake. 
2049 
19G0 
Family Gerriionotid^s. 
190G 
Gerrhonotus multicarinatus, Blainville. 
Family IIelodermid^e. 
1G6 
Heloderma suspectum, Cope. Gila Monster. 
173G 
2243 
Family Iguanas. 
44 
Metapocerus cornutus, Wagler. South American Lizard. 
1307 
1900 
1907 
Iguana rhinolopha, Wregmann. 
1444 
Iguana tuberculata, Wagler. Landed Iguana. 
1908 
Cyclura hemilopha. 
1175 
Iguana ? 
1004 
G84 
Holbrookia maculata, var. maculata (Girard), Cope. Prairie 
1005 
Lizard. 
. 1753 
1909 
Sauromalus ater, Dumeril. Big-bellied Lizard. 
1921 
803 
742 
Crotophytus collaris, Say. Ring-necked or collared. Lizard. 
1584 
1911 
1585 
1927 
1930 
1905 
Crotophytus wislizenii, Baird and Girard. Wislizenius Lizard. 
2015 
1904 
Dipsosaurus dorsalis, Baird and Girard. 
2035 
Uta stansburiana, Baird and Girard. Stransbury's Lizard. 
2040 
Sceloporus poinsetti, Baird and Girard. Poinsett s Lizard. 
88 
8G 
Sceloporus undulatus, var. undulatus (Harlan),Cope. Com- 
mon Lizard; Brown Swift; Pine Tree Swift.; Pine Lizard. 
89 
539 
540 57 
Cran. 
Skel. 
1540 
1967 
Sceloporus consobrinus, Bd. and Girard. Western Lizard. 
1442 
1104 
1929 
Sceloporus spinosus, "Wiegmann. Western Spiny Lizard. 
2175 
Sceloporus clarkii, var. clarkii (Baird and Girard), Cope. 
Clark's Lizard. 
1566 
2032 
1565 
Phrynosoma modestum, Girard. Horned Toad. 
2218 
2219 
2217 
Phrynosoma hernandezii, Girard. 
1564 
1912 
1563 
2045 
Phrynosoma platyrhinum, Girard. Horned Toad. 
1555 
Phrynosoma maccalli, Hallowell. MacCall’s Horned Lizard. 
1534 
Phrynasoma regale, Girard. Regal Horned Lizard. 
638 
82 
1983 
Phrynosoma cornutum, Harlan. Horned Lizard. 
1443 
1913 
2020 
1399 
Phrynosoma douglassii, var. douglassii (Bell), Cope. Douglas' 
Horned Lizard; Horned Toad.- 
1903 
1562 
Phrynosoma blainvillei, Gray. Blainville’s Horned Lizard. 
1561 
1559 
1965 
Phrynosoma coronatum, Plainville. California Horned Toad. 
Family Anolid^:. 
1914 
2042 
Anolis principalis, Linn. Chameleon Green Lizard. 
2502 
Order Rhynchocephalia. 
Family Hatterid^e. 
Hatteria punctata. 
Order Testiulinata : Shield Reptiles. 
Sub-Order CRYPTODIRA. 
Family : Sea Turtles. 
528 
529 
577 
675 
1919 
Thalassochelys caonana, Linn. Hawksbill Turtle. 
630 
682 
789 
Chelonia mydas, Schw. Green Turtle. 58 
Cran. 
Skel. 
2458 
Chelonia caretta, Gm. 
Family Ohelydrid®. 
531 
R43 
49 
Chelydra serpentina, Linn. Snapping Turtle. 
847 
Family Cinosternid®. 
666 
667 
668 
669 
674 
Cinosternum pennsylvanicum, var. pennsylvanicum (Bose), 
Cope. Mud Turtle. 
Family Emydid® : Tortoises. 
652 
653 
654 
655 
9 
Pseudemys rugosa, Shaw. Red-bellied Terrapin. 
1252 
Pseudemys eoncinna, Le Conte. 
532 
154 
Malacoclemmys palustris, Gm. Salt Marsh Turtle; 
mond Back. 
Dia- 
534 
535 
1019 
Chrysemys picta, Hern. Painted Tortoise. 
172 
Chelopus guttatus, Schneider. Yellow-spotted Turtle. 
533 
Chelopus insculptus, Le Conte. Wood Terrapin; Wood Tor- 
toise. 
536 
537 
2 
Cistudo clausa, var. clausa (Gmelin), Cope. Common 
Turtle; Box Tortaise. 
Land 
Family Testudinid®. 
1580 
Testudo Carolina, Linn. Gopher. 
Order Crocodili. 
Family Crocodilid®. 
1576 
1938 
2242 
819 
1185 
Alligator mississippiensis, Daud. Common Alligator. MISCELLANEOUS SPECIMENS OF AND FROM REPTILES AND 
BATRACHIA. 
No. 
1028 Entozoa found in a toad. 
1188 Taenia from a leopard frog (Rana halecina). 
96 Lungs of painted tortoise (Chrysemys picta). 
844 Hyoid arch of a snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina). 
2514 Trachea of green turtle (Chelonia rnydas). 
2387 Deformed shell of a young water turtle. 
87 Oviduct with eighteen embryos of eastern garter snake (Eutaenia sirtalis dor- 
salis). 
1031 Entozoa found in a rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus). 
1182 Ova of anaconda (Boa constrictor). 
1225 Oviduct of water snake (Tropidonotus sipedon), containing eighteen embryos- 
1932 Entozoa found in abdominal cavity of eastern garter snake (Eutaenia sirtalis 
dorsalis). 
2471 Fang of rattlesnake. 
1183 Hyoid hone of iguana ( ). 
1535 Entozoa from thoracic cavity of regal horned lizard (Phrynosoma regale). 
1560 Oviduct, with six ova, of a crown-horned lizard (Phrynosoma coronatum). 
1590 Eggs of a horned frog (Phrynosoma). 
820 Generative organs of an alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). 
821 Larynx of an alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). 
1186 Entozoa from an Alligator (Alligator luscius). 
1187 Larynx, pharynx, and tongue of an alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). LIST OF CRANIA AND SKELETONS OF BATRACHIA. 
Note.—The classification and nomenclature adopted are according to Prof. Ed- 
ward D. Cope, in his “Check List of North American Batrachia and Reptilia,” Bull. 
U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 1. 
Class BATRACHIA. 
Order Trachystomata. 
Family : The Sirens. 
Cran. 
Skel. 
1322 
Siren lacertina, Linn. Mud Eel, or Siren. 
Order Proteida. 
Family Proteida : The Mud Puppies. 
1922 
Necturus lateralis, Say. Menobranchus; Mud Puppy; Water 
Dog; Dogfish. 
Order Caducibranchiata. 
Family Menofomid,® : The Hellbenders. 
1936 
166 
1924 
Menopoma allegheniense, Harlan. Alleghany Hellbender 
Big-water Lizard. 
2503 
Sieboldia maxima. Great Salamander. 
Family : The Big Salamander. 
964 
857 
963 
Amblystoma mavortium, Bd. Spotted Salamander. 
2424 
Amblystoma punetatum, Linn. Spotted Salamander. 
679 
Amblystoma tigrinum Green, Axolotl. Tiger Salamander. 
Order Urodela. 
Family : The Salamanders. 
2019 
915 
Plethedon glutinosus, Green. Salamander; Viscid Sala- 
mander. 
549 
2005 
Spelerpes ruber, var. ruber (Daudin), Cope. Red Triton. 
Family Desmognathidas : The Desmognaths. 
2052 
2054 
Desmognathus fusca, var. fusca (Raf.), Cope. Dusky Sala- 
mander. 61 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Family PLEURODELiDi® : The Nerots. 
2046 
Diemyctylus torosus, Eschl. Western Spotted Nerot or Evet. 
1993 
Diemyctylus miniatus, var. viridescens (Raf.), Cope. Spotted 
2003 
Triton; Nerot; Evet. 
Order Anura. 
Sub-Order BUFONIFORMIA. 
Family Bufonid,® : The Toads. 
2179 
Bufo halophilus, Baird. 
2172 
Bufo columbiensis, Baird. The Columbian Toad. 
1541 
1401 
2177 
Bufo microscaphus, Cope. Western Toad; Small Spade Toad. 
1532 
1531 
Bufo lentiginosus, var. frontosus (Shaw), Cope. 
1539 
Bufo lentiginosus, var. cognatus (Say), Cope. 
80 
Bufo lentiginosus, var. americanus (LeConte), Cope. Amer- 
1943 
lean Toad. 
1102 
Bufo lentiginosus, var. lentignosus (Latr.), Cope. Red-signed 
1981 
Toad. 
1232 
Bufo quercicus, Holbrook. Oak Toad. 
Sub-Order FIRMISTERNIA. 
Family ENGYSTOMiDiE. 
1265 
93 
Engystoma carolinensis, Holbrook. Chestnut-colored Frog. 
Sub-Order ARCIFERA. 
Family Hylid.® : The Tree Frogs. 
167 
Acris gryllus, var. gryllus (Holbrook), Cope. Southern Cricket 
Frog. 
2039 
Hyla carolinensis, Pennant. Carolina Tree Toad. 
2050 
2051 
Hyla versicolor, Le Conte. Common Tree Toad. 
Sub-Order RANIFORMIA. 
Family Ranid.® : The Frogs. 
6 
Rana halecina, var. halecina (Kalm), Cope. Oold-striped 
Frog; Shad Frog. 
1107 
884 
Rana palustris, Le Conte. Yellow-legged Frog ; Marsh Froa ■ 
1940 
Pickerel Frog. Cran. 
Skel. 
60 
1923 
Rana catesbiana, Shaw. Bull Frog. 
2207 
Rana temporaria, var. silvatica (Lee), Cope. Swamp Frog. 
2180 
Rana pretiosa, Baird. LIST OF CRANIA AND SKELETONS OF FISHES. 
Class PISCES. 
Sub-Class Teleostei. 
Order Pediculati. 
Family Lophiid^e. 
Cran. 
1 Skel. 
1156 
1164 
Lophius piscatorius, Linn. Goose Fish; Fishing Frog; Sea 
1157 
2376 
Devil. 
Order Plectognathi. 
Sub-Order GYMNODONTES. 
Family Diodontid^e. 
1723 
Chilomyeterus geometricus (Linn.), Kaup. Spring Box-fish > 
1839 
Rabbit Fish; Erizo ; Porcupine Fish. 
Family Tetrodontida2. 
1920 
1413 
Chilichthys turgidus (Mitch.), Gill. Rough Puffer; Porcu- 
1834 
pine Fish; Blower; Swell-fish; Tambour. 
Sub-Order SCELERODERMA. 
Family Balistidac. 
1837 
Alutera cuspicauda, De Kay. Long-tailed File Fish. 
1714 
1821 
Alutera schoepffi, Walb. Hog Fish; File Fish. 
1814 
Stephanolepis setifer (Bennett), Gill. Storer’s File Fish; 
Fool Fish. 
2345 
Balistes vetula, Linn. File Fish. 
Order Teleocephali. 
Sub-Order HETEROSOMATA. 
Family Soleid^:. 
Sub-Family Soleince. 
1873 
Achirus lineatus (Linn.), Ow. American Sole; Corlico Hog- 
choker; Cover clip; Spotted Sole. 
2347 
2348 
Solea vulgaris, Linn. Sole. 64 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Family Pleuronectid^:. 
1163 
13 
PSeudopleuronectes americanus (Walb.), Grill. Common 
Flounder. 
1795 
Pleuronectes glaber (Storer), Gill. Smooth Plaid; Smooth- 
2369 
back Flounder. 
2373 
Glyptocephalus eynoglossus (Gottsch.), Giinth. Craig-fioun- 
der. 
Sub-Family Rhombince. 
1788 
Lophopsetta maculata (Mitch.), Gill. Spotted Turbot; Win~ 
dowpane; Sand Flounder. 
Sub-Family Hippoglossince. 
107 
Chsenopsetta occellaris (De Kay), Gill. Long-toothed Floun- 
1771 
der. 
1785 
2360 
Chamopsetta dentata (Storer), Gill. Southern Flounder. 
1830 
Chsenopsetta oblonga (Mitch.), Gill. Four-spotted Flounder. 
2454 
Pleuronychthys verticalis, J. and G. 
162 
Hippoglossus americanus, Gill. Halibut. 
2206 
Platysomatichthys hippoglossoides (Wall.), Goode and Bean. 
Turbot. 
Sub-Order ANACANTHINI. 
Family Gadid^:. 
Sub-Family Gadince. 
1832 
Polladrius carbonarius (Linn.), Bou. Pollock; Cod-fish. 
553 
111 
Gadus morrhua, Linn. Common Cod-fish. 
Sub-Family Phycince. 
2368 
Phycis chuss (Walb.), Gill. Codling; Old English Hake; 
Squirrel Hake; Chics; Fork Beard; Ling. 
2363 
2357 
Phycis tenuis (Mitch.), De Kay. Codling; White Hake; 
Squirrel Hake. 
2331 
Urophycis regius (Walb.), Gill. Spotted Codling. 
616 
Microgadus tomcodus (Walb.), Gill. Tom Cod; Frost-fish. 
1772 
554 
26 
Melanogrammus seglefinus (Linn.), Gill. Haddock. 
Sub-Family Lotince. 
1816 
Lota maculata (Les.). Ling; Burbot; Lake Lawyer; Eel- 
pout; Lake-cusk. 65 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Sub-Family Ciliatince. 
2337 
Onas cimbrius (Linn.), Goode and Bean. Rockling. 
Sub-Family Brosmince. 
626 
Brosmius americanus, Gill. European Cush; Polar Codfish. 
Family Merlucidje. 
1141 
1841 
Merlucius bilinearis (Mitch.), Gill. American Hake. 
Family Lycodid^e. 
Sub-Family Zoarciince. 
1777 
Zoarces anguillaris (Peck), Storer. Eelpout; Conger-eel; 
Lamper-eel. 
Sub-Order ACANTHOPTERI. 
Family Cryptacanthid;e. 
81 
2329 
Oryptacanthodes maculatus, Storer. Ghost-fish; Wry-mouth. 
Family Blennid^e. 
1862 
Muramoides mucronatus (Mitch.), Gill. Common Butter-fish. 
Family BATRACHiDiE. 
1726 
Batrachus tau (Linn.). Toad-fish; Oyster-fish. 
1842 
Porichthys porosissimus (Cuv. and Val.), Giintb. 
Family Uranoscopidxe. 
2340 
Astroscopus anoplus. 
Family Gobiid,®. 
Sub-Family Eleotridince. 
1863 
Eleotris, Sp. 
1859 
Dormitator, Sp. Sleeper. 
Family Triglidje. 
Sub-Family Dactylopteriince. 
1794 
Dactylopterus volitans (Linn.), Lac. Flying Robin; Bat- 
2414 
fish; Cuitta de Mare. 
Sub-Family Triglince. 
2356 
1729 
Prionotus evolans (Linn.), Gill. Lined Sea Robin; Flying- 
1730 
fish. 
2530 
Prionotus palmipes. 
1783 
Prionotus carolinus (Linn.), Cuv. and Yal. Web-fingered 
Sea Robin ; Carolina Robin. 66 
Cran. 
' 
Skel. 
Family Agonid^e. 
Sub-Family Leptagoninae. 
2323 
Aspidophoroidesmonopterygius(Bloch.),Storer. Greenlander. 
Family CoTTiDiE. 
Sub-Family Cottince. 
1812 
Cottus octodecemspinosus, Mitch. Slender Sculpin. 
Family Scorp^eniiue. 
2375 
Sebastes marinus (Linn.), Liitken. Red-fish; Snapper. 
2452 
Sebastichthys mystinus, J. and G. 
2423 
Sebastichthys chlorostictus, J. and G. 
2445 
Sebastichthys atrovirens, J. and G. 
2442 
Sebastichthys nebulosus (Ayres), Gill. 
244G 
Sebastichthys carnatus, J. and G. 
2455 
Sebastichthys maliger, J. and G. 
Family Chirid.®. 
2435 
Zaniolepis latipinnis, Grd. 
Family Labrid.®. 
676 
54 
Tautoga onitis (Linn.), Giinth. Black-fish; Tautog. 
1775 
Tautogolabrusadspersus (Walb.), Gill. Gunner; Perch Nipper. 
Sub-Family Julidince. 
1858 
Oxyjulis modestus (Grd.), Gill. 
Family Embiotocid^e. 
2453 
Ditrema atripes, Jor. and Gill). 
2433 
Ampliistichus argenteus, Gill. 
1739 
Holconotus rhodoterus, Girard. California Viraparous 
1740 
Perch. 
2372 
Tseniotoca lateralis (Agass.), A. Agass. 
2371 
Embiotoca jacksonii, Agassiz. 
Family Pomocentridas. 
1813 
1751 
Glyphidodon saxatilis (Linn.), Cuv. and Val. Cowpitot 
Sergeant- Maj or. Cran. 
Skel. 
Family Acanthurid^e. 
1725 
Acanthurus chirurgus, Bloch, and Schneider. Surgeon Fish 
Doctor-fish. 
Family CHiETODONTIDiE. 
Sub-Family C hcetodontince. 
1762 
Sarothrodus binoculatus (Bloch.), Poey. Four-eyed Fish. 
1861 
Heros, Sp. 
1773 
Holocanthus ciliaris, Lac. Isabelita; Angel-fish. 
Family Trichiurid/E. 
1711 
Trichuirus lepturus, Linn. Silvery Hairtail; Sword-fish. 
1869 
Family Scaridje. 
1748 
1743 
1744 
Scams radians, Yal. Spanish Posgy. 
812 
846 
Pseudoscaris guacamaia (Cuv. and Yal.), Giinth. Parrot-fish. 
Family Scombridje. 
1100 
59 
Scomber scombrus, Linn. Mackerel. 
2412 
Scomber pneumatophorus, De la Roche. 
Sub-Family Orcynince. 
1800 
Sarda pelamys (Linn.), Cuv. Bonito ; Skip-jack. 
1169 
1170 
1168 
Orcynus thynnus (Linn.), Goode. Horse Mackerel. 
2378 
Euthynnus pelamys (Linn.), Lutken. Oceanic Bonito. 
1092 
790 
Cybium maculatum (Mitch.), Cuv. Spanish Mackerel. 
Family Carangid.e. 
Sub-Family Vomer him. 
1769 
Vomer setipinnis (Mitch.), Ayres. Horse-fish; Jorobado. 
1894 
Selene vomer (?) (Lac.), Lutken. Jorobado Horseman. 
1715 
Selene capillaris, Mitch. Moon-fish. 
Sub-Family Carangince. 
1801 
Decapterus punctatus (Ag.), Gill. Dotted. Scad; Round Robin. 
1838 
Trachurops crumenophthalmus (Bloch.), Gill. Big-eyed Scad 
Chicharro ; Goggler; Goggle-eyed Jack. 68 
Cran. 
Skel. 
1825 
Paratractus pisqestus (Cuv. and Val.), Gill. Yellow Crevalle; 
Jack; Buffalo Jack. 
1888 
1822 
1828 
Carangus hippos (Linn.), Gill. Horse Crevalle; Jiguagua. 
1768 
Blepharichthys crinitus (Ackerly), Gill. Thread-fish; Taylor. 
Sub-Family Trachynotince. 
1716 
Trachynotus ovatus (Linn.), Gvinth. Short Pompano. 
1211 
1761 
1820 
Trachynotus carolinus (Linn.), Gill. Pompano; Crevalle. 
1811 
Halatractus zonatus (Mitch.), Gill. Rudder fish; Bonito. 
Family Coryphaenid.®. 
1881 
Coryphama sueuri, Cuv. and Val. Lesueur's Dolphin. 
Family Stromateid.®. 
Sub-Family Centrolophince. 
1829 
Palinurichthys perciformis (Mitch.), Gill. Black Rudder-fish. 
Sub-Family Strornateince. 
1774 
1831 
Poronotus triacanthus (Peck), Gill. Harvest-fish; Butter-fish. 
1778 
Peprilus gardenii (Bloch., Schneider), Gill. 
Family Latilid.®. 
2432 
Caulolatilus anomalus, Gill. 
Family Berycid.®. 
Sub-Family Holocentrinoe. 
1760 
1746 
1749 
Holocentrum sogo, Bloch. Squirrel-fish. 
Family SoiABeam®. 
1190 
1146 
Cynoscion carolinensis (Cuv. and Val.), Gill. Spotted Sea 
Trout. 
656 
105 
110 
Cynoscion regalis (Bloch.), Gill. Squeteague; Weakfish; Gray 
Trout. 
2450 
Roncador stearnsii, J. and G. 
Sub-Family Haploidonotince. 
1579 
1796 
Hapliodontus grunniens, Raf. Lake Sheepshead; White 
Perch ; Grunter; Drum. 
120 
1096 
Pogonias chromis, Lacep. Drum; Oyster Drum. Cran. 
Skel. 
878 
877 
Liostomus xanthurus, Lacep. Yellow Tail; Spot. 
886 
885 
887 
2332 
Liostomus obliquus (Mitch.), De Kay. LaFayette ; Goody; 
Chub; Roach. 
Sub-Family Scicenince. 
559 
142 
Sciaenops ocellatus (Linn.), Gill. Red Bass; Bass; Sea Bass ; 
Redfish ; Ocellated Brum. 
1855 
Bairdella punctata (Linn.), Gill. Silver Perch. 
1149 
1145 
Menticurrus nebulosus (Mitch.), Gill. Kingfish; Whiting; 
1151 
1154 
1782 
Hake; Barb. 
2434 
Menticurrus undulatus (Grd.), Gill. 
1846 
Menticurrus littoralis (Hall), Gill. Shore Whiting. 
1147 
1144 
2349 
Micropogon undulatus (Linn.), Cuv. and Yal. Croaker. 
Family Gerridjs. 
1804 
Eucinostomus lefroyi, Goode. Long-boned Shad. 
Family Pimelepteridaj. 
1770 
*1745 
Pimelepterus bosci, Lac. Chopabanca; Bream. 
Family Sparid^:. 
Sub-Family Sparince. 
1892 
Lagodon rhomboides (Linn.), Holb. Sargo. 
574 
61 
1781 
Archosargus probatocephalus (Walb.), Gill. Sheephead. 
2341 
Sargus holbrookii, Bean. 
1202 
1201 
Stenotomus argyrops (Linn.), Gill. Scuj); Porgy. 
1203 
1212 
1204 
1776 
Family Pristopomatid.e. 
2361 
Orthopristis fulvomaculatus (Mitch.), Gill. 
1843 
Hajmulon xanthopterum, Cuv. and Yal. Grunt. 
1891 
Haemulon flaviguttatus, Gill. Yellow-spotted Grunt. 
1871 
Htemulon, Sp. 
2352 
Rhomboplites aurorubens (Cuv. and Val.), Gill. Bastard 
Snapper. 70 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Sub-Family Lutjanince. 
1798 
Lutjanus caxis (Bloch and Sneider), Gill. Gray Snapper. 
2165 
Lutjanus blackfordi, Goode and Bean. Blackford's Red 
Snapper. 
Family Serrantd®. 
Sub-Family Serranince. 
1792 
Epinephelus striatus (Bloch), Gill. Hamlet; Grouper. 
1806 
Epinephelus guttatus (Gmelin), Goode. Hind. 
2354 
Epinephelus morio (Cuv.), Gill. Red Grouper. 
575 
11 
Centopristis atrarius Linn. Black Sea Bass. 
1835 
1734 
Family Etheostomid®. 
2415 
Diplesium blennoides (Raf.), Jordan. Green-sided Darter. 
Family Percid®. 
568 
24 
1833 
1884 
Perea americana, Schranck. Yellow Perch. 
2355 
148 
Stizostethium virtreum (Mitch.), Jor. and Copeland. Pike 
1875 
Perch. 
1741 
2333 
Stizostethium griseum (De Kay), Milner. Sauger; Gray 
Pike; Perch. 
170 
Percina caprodes (Raf.), Girard. Hog-fish. 
74 
Boleichthys fusiformis (Girard), Jor. Darter. 
Family Labracid®. 
558 
23 
Morone americana (Gmelin), Gill. White Perch. 
1870 
Paralabrax clathratus, Grd, 
43 
3 
Roccus lineatus (Bl., Schn.), Gill. Striped Bass; Rockfish. 
1872 
Roccus chrysops (Raf.), Gill. White Bass; Star-fish; Lake 
Bass. 
Family Centrarchid®. 
865 
5 
1886 
Lepomis auritus (Linn.), Gill. Long-eared Sunfish. 
1883 
Lepomis pallidus (Mitch.), Gill and Jord. Pale Sunfish. 
1893 
Lepomis apiatus, Cope. Fly-specked Sunfish. 
1854 
Lepomis sanguinolentus (Ag.), Jordan. Blue and Orange 
Sunfish; Sun Perch. Cran. 
Skel. 
1747 
815 
1735 
Eupomotis aureus (’Walb.), Gill and Jordan. Common Sun- 
jish Pumpkin-seed; Tobacco-box. 
1889 
Eupomotis spinosus (Holb.), Gill. Southern Sunjish. 
1150 
817 
Enneacanthus obesus (Grd.), Gill. Mottled Sunjish. 
1890 
Chaenobrittus viridis (Cuvr. and Yal.), Jordan. Green Sun- 
jish. 
2330 
Telipomus cyanellus, llaf. Blue Spotted Sunjish. 
2413 
Centrarchus irrideus, Cuv. and Yal. Shining Bass. 
823 
1779 
Pomoxvs nigromaculatus (Le S.), Grd. Grass Bass; Calico 
Bass; Bar-Jish; Strawberry Bass; Bitter Head. 
2335 
Pomoxys annularis, llaf. Crappie; Bachelor. 
1799 
147 
1789 
Microptereus dolamieu (Lac.), Gill. Small-mouthed Black 
Bass; Black Bass. 
1787 
1142 
Micropterus salmoides (Lac.), Yaill and Boc. Oswego Bass; 
Large-mouthed Black Bass. 
1877 
Ambloplites rupestris (llaf.), Gill. Hock Bass; Goggle-eye; 
Red-eye. 
Family Ephippiida:. 
850 
68 
Chsetodiptervs gigas. 
1876 
Chsetodipterus quadratus (Gm.), Gill. Moon-fish. 
Family Pomatomida;. 
67 
555 
1158 
63 
Pomatomus saltatrix (Linn.), Gill. Mackerel; Skipjack; 
Horse Mackerel; Green Fish; Taylor; Snapping Mackerel. 
Family Ammodytida:. 
1865 
Ammodytes americanus, De Kay. Sandlance; Sand-eel. 
Family Echeineididas. 
2869 
71 
Leptechcneis naucrates (Zuiew.), Gill. Sucker. 
Family Sppiyrasnida;. 
1815 
Sphyrona borealis, De Kay. Northern Burricuda. 
Sub-Order PERSESOCES. 
Family Mugilida:. 
1887 
Mugil, Sp. 
1880 
Mugil cephalotus (?) 
Family Atherinidas. 
882 
1767 
Chirostoma notata (Mitch.), Gill. Silversides. Cran. 
Skel. 
Sub-Order SYNENTOGNATHI. 
Family BELONiDiE. 
562 
65 
Belone longirostris (Mitch.), Gill. Silver Gar; Bell-fish. 
2350 
Bclone latimanus, Poey. Garfish. 
Family Scomberesocid^e. 
1054 
Exoccetus exiliens, Gmelin. Flying-fish. 
2451 
Exoccetus californicus, Cooper. 
1793 
Hemirhampus pleii, Val. Red-billed Gar. 
1840 
Scomberesox scutellatus, Le S. Skipper; Saury; Slap-jack. 
Sub-Order HEMIBRANCHI. 
Family Gasterosteid.®. 
Sub-Family Gasterosteince. 
1850 
Gasterosteus biaculeatus, Shaw. Two-spined Stickleback. 
2325 
Gasterosteus pungitius, Linn. 
1867 
Apeltes quadracus (Mitch.), Brei. Four-spined Stickleback. 
Order Haplomi. 
Family Esocid^:. 
1817 
Esox nobilior, Thompson. Muskallunge; Great Pike. 
609 
146 
Esox lucius, Linn. Lake Pike; Mascalunge. 
1809 
1790 
Esox americanus, Lac. Banded Pickerel; Trout Pickerel. 
557 
16 
Esox reticulatus, Lesucur. Pickerel. 
Family Cyprinodontid^e. 
1133 
880 
Fundulus heteroclitus (Linn.), Gill. Mummahog. 
103 
Fundulus, Sp. Baird's Stone-tugger. 
1763 
1764 
Fundulus pisculentus (Mitch.), Yal. Mummahog; Minnow. 
881 
Hydrargyra majalis (Walb.), Val. Mummahog. 
1766 
1765 
Family UmbriDjE. 
1848 
Melanura limi (Kirt.), Ag. Mud-minnow; Mud-dace; Dog-fish. Cran. 
Skel. 
Order Isosponilyli. 
Family Synodontida;. 
1847 
Synodus fcetens (Linn.), Gill. Snake-fish. 
Family Microstomidas. 
1064 
Osmerus mordax (Mitch.), Gill. Smelt. 
2321 
Osmerus pacificus. Pacific Smelt. 
Family Salmonidac. 
2362 
Oncorhynchus quinnat (Kich.), Gunther. California Co- 
lumbian or Quinnat Salmon. 
2421 
Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walh.), Jordan and Gill. Salmon. 
2058 
Salmo spilurus, Cope. 
2367 
Salmo sebago, Girard. Land-locked Salmon. 
1885 
Salvelinus ognassa (Grd.), Gill and Jor. Blue-backed Trout. 
671 
58 
1845 
Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitch.), Gill and Jor. Brook Trout. 
1288 
144 
Cristivomer namaycush (Walb.), Gill and Jor. Lake Trout. 
1578 
Thymallus tricolor, Cope. Grayling. 
131 
Coregonus clupeiformis (Mitch.), Milner. White-fish. 
Family Alepidosaurida:. 
2364 
Alepidosaurus ferox, Lowe. Lancet-fish. 
Family Albulida:. 
1780 
2365 
Albula conrhynchus, Bl. and Schn. Lady-fish. 
Family Elopidas. 
1802 
Elops saurus, Linn. Big-eyed Herring. 
1140 
Megalops thrissoides (Bl.,Sch.), Gunther. Jew-fish; Tarpum.. 
Family Dussumierida:. 
1866 
Etrumeus teres (De Kay), Brevoort. Round Herring. 
Family Hyodontida:. 
1797 
Ilyodon tergisus, Le S. Moon-eye; Silver Bass; Toothed Her- 
ring. 
Family Clupeida:. 
1791 
Brevoortia tyrannus (Lat.), Goode. Menhaden; Mossbunker 
Hardhead; Bony fish ; Bunker; White-fish; Fatback; Yel- 
low-tail ; Brig fish. 74 
Cran. 
Skel. 
2358 
Brevoortia patronus, Goode. Alewife. 
570 
36 
Alosa sapidissima (Wilson), Storcr. Shad. 
1879 
Opisthronema thrissa, Gill. Thread Herring; Menhaden. 
1070 
1078 
Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson), Gill. Herring ; Alcwife 
1071 
Sawhelly; Spring Herring; Bluehack. 
1072 
1073 
1786 
Pomolobus mcdiocris (Mitch. 1, Gill. Tailor Herring; Fall 
Shad. 
1807 
Clupea harengus, Linn. English Herring. 
Family Dorosomatidas. 
507 
108 
Dorosoma cepedianum (Lac.), Gill. Toothed Herring. 
Family Engraulid.®. 
1857 
Engraulis, Sp.. Anchovy. 
Order Eventognathi. 
Family Catostomidas. 
572 
57 
1844 
Hypentelium nigricans (Le S.), Jord. Hog Sucker; Stoneroller. 
062 
659 
Catostomus commersonii (Lac.), Jord. Chub-sucker. 
663 
1731 
064 
2346 
665 
1856 
Catostomus longirostrum, Le S. Long-nosed Sucker. 
1805 
Erimyzon sucetta (Lac.), Jord. Creek-fish; Chub-sucker; 
807 
806 
Yellow Mullet; Horned Sucker. 
66 
Carpiodes, Sp. 
Family Cyprinidas. 
569 
28 
Carassius auratus, Bleeker. Goldfish. 
1742 
Cyprinus carpio (Linn.). Carp. 
169 
Semotilus corporalis (Mitch.), Putnam. Common Chub; 
1853 
Horned Dace; Creek Chub. 
573 
585 
Semotilus bullaris (Raf.), Jordan. Fall-fish; Chub; Roach ; 
866 
1874 
Swamp Carp. 
560 
75 
Hybognathus regius, Girard. Gudgeon; River Smelt. 
864 
168 
Luxilus cornutus (Mitch.), Jordan. Shiner; Red fin ; Rough- 
1851 
head; Roach; Rot-gut. Gran. 
Skel' 
73 
Luxilus analostanus, Grd. Gold-striped Dace; Silverside. 
2338 
Idas melanotus, Heskel. The Ide. 
879 
1849 
Hybopsis hudsonius (Clinton), Putnam. Spawn-eater. 
588 
592 
Ceratichthys biguttatus (Kirkland), Grd. Horned Chub; 
Horny-headed Jerker; River Chub. 
1852 
Rhinichthys cataractse (Yak), Jordan. Long-nosed Dace; 
1897 
Niagara Gudgeon. 
599 
Notemigonus chrysoleucus (Mitch.), Jordan. Shiner; Gobler 
1724 
1810 
Shiner. 
587 
Esoglossum masillingua (Lesueur). Tongue-jaw; Day Chub; 
Cutlips; Nigger Chub. 
Order Nimatognathi. 
Family Silurid.e. 
1882 
Ictalurus punctatus (Raf.), Jordan. Channel Cat; Blue Cat 
White Cat. 
1727 
Amiurus albidus (Le S.), Gill. Fork-tailed Catfish ; Channel 
1728 
Cat of the Potomac. 
2336 
1784 
Amiurus lophius (Grd.), Gill. Big-mouthed Catfish. 
1836 
Amiurus nebulosus, Le S. 
563 
21 
Amiurus nigricans (Le S.), Gill. Lake Catfish; Black Cat- 
564 
fish; Great Mississippi Cat. 
2822 
Amiurus melas (Raf.), Jord. and Cope. Small Black Catfish. 
2339 
Amiurus natalis, var. lividus (Le S.), Raf. Catfish; Yellow 
Cat. 
1143 
Amiurus acutus (L.), Gill. Black Catfish; Horned Pout; 
Bullhead; Minister. 
1860 
Xo turns insignis (Rich.), Gill and Jord. Margined Stone Cat. 
2326 
Xoturus exilis, Kelson. Slender Stone Cat. 
2324 
Xoturus gyrinus (Mitch.), Raf. Tadpole Stone Cat. 
2351 
Arius milberti (Val.), Gill. SedfCatfish. 
51 
Rhumdia brachypterus (Cope), Gill. Mexican Catfish. 76 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Order Apodes. 
Sub-Order ENCHELYCEPHALI. 
Family Congrid®. 
Sub-Family Congrince. 
2344 
Conger oceanica (Mitch.), Grill. Conger Eel. 
Family Anguillid®. 
1094 
25 
Anguilla vulgaris, Fleming. Common Eel. 
1095 
1105 
2244 
2210 
Muraenopsis tridactylus, Cuv. 
Family Mur®nid®. 
2374 
Muraena sanctaohelenai, Gunther. 
Family Synaphobranch id®. 
2328 
Synaphobranchus pinnatus, Gunther. 
Family Simenchelyid®. 
2327 
Simenchely8 parasiticus, Gill. Prignosed Eel. 
Sub-Class Ganoidei. 
Super-Order HYOGANOl DEI. 
Order Cyclogunoidei. 
Family Amiid®. 
1803 
Amia calva, Linn. Bow-fish; Dog-fish; Mud-fish. 
Order Rliomboganoidei. 
Family Lepidosteid®. 
565 
566 
62 
1823 
Lepidosteus osseus (Lac.), Ag. Common Garfish. 
2504 
1827 
Litholepis platystomus (Lac.), Jordan. Shoj't-nosed Gar Pike 
Super-Order BRANCHIOGANOIDEI. 
Order Crossopterygla. 
Family Polypterid®. 
2505 
2528 
Polypterus bichir, Auct. 
Super-Order DIPNOI. 
Order Sirenoidei. 
Family Ceratodontid®. 
2480 Ceratodus forsteri. 77 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Super-Order CHONOROGANOIDiE. 
Order Chondrostei. 
Family Acipenseridas. 
1152 
1864 
961 
Acipcnsor oxyrhynchus, Mitch. Sharp-nosed Sturgeon. 
2342 
Acipenser sturio, Linn. Sturgeon. 
1819 
Scaphirhynchops platyrhynchus (Raf.), Cope. Shovel-nosed 
Sturgeon. 
Order Selacliostomi. 
Family Polyodonitida! : Spoon-billed Cats. 
1808 
1577 
Polyodon folium, Lac. 
Sub-Class Elasmobranchii. 
Super-Order HOLOCEPHALI. 
Family Chim^rid^:. 
2377 
* 
Chimaera plumbea, Gill. Brown Chimera. 
Super-Order TLAGIOSTOMI. 
Order Raise. 
Sub-Order MASTICURA. 
Family TRYQONiDiE. 
1165 
1174 
1588 
Trygon centrura (Mitch.), Gill. Sting Ray; Stingaree. 
Sub-Order PACHYURA. 
Family Raiaid^e. 
874 
Raia undulata, Lacep. Whip-tailed Ray. 
1159 
Raia laevis, Mitch. Sharp-nosed Skate. 
2383 
Raia erinacea, Mitch. Clear-nosed Skate. 
2384 
2379 
Raia radiata. Donovan Skate. 
2449 
Raia stellulata, Jor. and Gill. 
Order Squali. 
Family SpinaciDyE. 
1 
1155 
1826 
Squalus americanus (Storer), Gill. Dog-fish ; Dog Shark. 
2366 
Centrophorus ccelolepis, Gunther. 78 
Cran. 
Skel. 
Family GrALEORHINIDiE. 
673 
1878 
Eulamia milbertii (Miill. and Henle), Gill. Blue Shark. 
1172 
1262 
Eulamia obscurus (Lesueur), Gill. Dusty Shark. 
1052 
Galeocerdo tigrinus, Mull, and Ilcnle. Tiger Shark. 
1167 
1818 
Mustela canis (Mitcli.), De Kay. Smooth Dog-Jish. 
Family Sphyrnidte. 
2343 
Sphyrna zygama (Linn.), Mull, and Henle. Hammer-headed 
Shark; Gornida; Magnosa. 
Family Carcharid^e. 
1171 
1106 
Eugomphodus littoralis, Gill. Sand Shark; Shovel-nose. 
Family Hktkrodontid.e. 
2506 
Ce6tracion philippi. 
2436 
lleterodontus francisci (Grd.), Gill.