REPORT OF S MOKE COMM ITTE E OF THE Cm zhns’ Association OR 7 OHIOAGO. ROOM 83, MERCHANTS’ BUILDING. MA y, IS so. CHICAGO: Gko, Marshall & Co., Stationers and Printers, 144 & 146 MONROE STREET, : !A< M.. REPORT OF SMOKE COMMITTEE OF THE ' Citizens’ Association if i OF CHICAGO. ROOM 33, MERCHANTS’ BUILDING. MA.Y, I&&O. CHICAGO : Geo. IJ. Marshall & Co., Stationers and Printers, 144 & 146 MONROE STREET. ESTABLISHED 1874. Citizens’ Association OK CHICAGO. ROOM 33, MERCHANTS’ BUIRDING. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, 1889. JOHN J. GLESSNER, President. E. NELSON BLAKE, Vice-President. FRANCIS B. PEABODY, ' CHRISTOPH HOTZ, JAMES H. McVICKER, EDWIN LEE BROWN, EDSON KEITH, JOHN G. SHORTALL, O. S. A. SPRAGUE, HENRY FIELD, WM. A. FULLER, J. HARLEY BRADLEY, LOUIS WAMPOLD, MURRY NELSON, J. V. FARWEEL, JR. GEO. SCHNEIDER, Treasurer. J. C. AMBLER, Secretary. To the Executive Committee of the Citizens' Association : The undersigned, Committee on Smoke, in accordance with the request and instructions transmitted to them in January, proceeded to the investigation of the “smoke nuisance,” after due deliberation as to the proper method of conducting it, in the light of past experience and of more recently acquired information. They called to their assistance a mechanical engineer of intelligence and acquirements, who has made a thorough examination of the methods employed for the prevention of smoke in stationary boilers, and has condensed and tabulated his observations, as will be seen by reference to the accompanying statements. The observations so made extended to 333 establishments where steam is in constant use for various purposes, including 839 boilers, of which 234 places have in use devices for the prevention of smoke, and 99 have no apparatus for the purpose ; the particulars are minutely set forth in the tables prepared by the expert. From an analysis of these tables it will be seen that, although the devices in use have a very marked effect on the result, as to whether the smoke emitted from the chimneys is very black or offensive, so much so as to incline us to the opinion that a proper apparatus is almost indispensable for the complete suppression of the smoke nuisance ; yet we believe that the greatest amount of good can be accomplished by careful attention to the firing, and the use of a good quality of coal. By combining these three conditions—an efficient smoke preventing device, a fair quality of coal, and careful firing—the offense arising from the chimneys in the business and manufacturing parts of the city can be reduced to insignificance. Good results have been obtained by mingling coke, or anthracite screenings, with soft coal; but that is practiced to but a small extent, and its beneficial effect is commensurate, after all, with the observance of proper conditions as to use, which are a part of, and included in the general term—careful firing. We see, by examination of the tables given, that the smoke arising from some chimneys where the poorest quality of coal is used, is reported as very light, when accompanied by the observation of careful, or automatic mechanical stoking. 5 The practice of “crowding the furnaces” with fuel is one of the most prolific sources of offensive smoke that we have to contend with ; this is made necessary, or believed to be necessary from the insufficient size of boilers, or of chimneys, to perform their work. The fires have to be urged to their utmost capacity to keep up the requisite amount of steam, and this is done at a great waste of coal, the custom being to put on as much fuel as the furnace will hold, and then rake it out from below when insuffic- iently, or not thoroughly, burned, to make room for a fresh supply above ; the result being that the outer air gets an amount of dense smoke that annoys the public, while the proprietor of the establish- ment pays for a large amount of fuel of which he gets no benefit. The same result occurs from heedlessness of engineers and firemen who, from indolence or ignorance, completely fill their furnaces with coal at certain periods, and pay no further attention to their fires until the time conies to give the furnace a fresh charge of fuel ; all chimneys where such practices obtain emit dense smoke more than half the time. Firing should be as intelligently done as any other work ; modern requirements call for perfection in most occupations or trades; yet in many cases this important business is left to the discretion, or want of discretion, of men who seem to take ncr interest in the welfare of their employers, or the convenience of the public. Sometimes a mistaken idea of economy induces merchants to keep a cheap man in the boiler room, who will waste more fuel than the amount of his monthly wages. Instead of crowding the furnaces by heaping up fuel upon half burned coal, the stoking should be done a little at a time, so that the greater surface of the fire will show, at all times, either an incandescent mass, or a bright flame ; the last charge of fuel should be pushed back and spread over this, and the new charge put in its place ; the ashes should be carefully raked out at fixed and frequent periods ; by this process the steam can be kept up at two-thirds the cost of the fuel used in the practice usually adopted—that of crowding the furnace to its utmost capacity; but to accomplish it there must be intel- ligence and integrity in the boiler room as well as in the other departments of the establishment. We are of opinion that the suppression of smoke, as a nuisance, is within the power of those who own the stationary boilers, and of the men who have charge of them ; the former have no moral or legal right to subject their immediate neighbors, or the public, to the damage to health and property caused by their own inattention ; they should act in unison, and exert their undisputed authority to compel their employes to do their manifest duty. We have made several attempts to get an ordinance passed inflicting a fine upon engineers and firemen, in cases where the proprietors of establishments have furnished them with a suitable device for the prevention of smoke; but it has been hitherto found impossible to pass such an ordinance, and nothing remains to be done, but to bring about a consensus of opinion, and unity of action in the premises by those interested. If the proprietors will but insist upon the observance by their engineers of certain conditions, '(which should include the constant application of the smoke preventing apparatus, where there is one, under the penalty of suspension or discharge,) and supply them with a suitable device, and the quality of coal found from observa- tion to be appropriate to the set of the boiler, the height of the chimney, and the kind of smoke preventing apparatus adopted, the greater part of this appalling nuisance can be abated. The proprietors must, however, give to this matter the proper measure of their personal attention to insure the desired result. The principle of smoke prevention is extremely simple; but, as it is not generally understood, it may be well to explain here the cause of. smoke, and the method of its prevention. When heat is applied to bituminous coal a gas is generated which is our ordinary illuminating gas in a crude state. It burns freely when mixed with the proper quantity of air. Smoke results from the failure to burn this gas in the furnace. The failure to burn the gas in the furnace results invariably from one of two causes ; either, because air has not been admitted to mix with it in proper quantities and in the proper manner—in a thin sheet, or through small perforations—oi, because thd fireman has so completely covered the grate bars with fresh coal, as to leave no flame or heat to ignite the gas after it has received the proper admixture of air. Any device which admits air in proper quantities into the furnace will prevent smoke, unless its operation is defeated by bad firing; that is, by piling coal upon the grate until the flames are smothered, or until more gas is created than can be absorbed by the amount of air ordinarily admitted. It is somewhat easier and less troublesome to fire badly than to fire well, because good firing requires that a small quantity of coal shall be applied at frequent intervals; and an indolent fireman prefers to throw a large quantity on the grate, and to have a longer interval of rest. The fireman, or the friendly engineer, persuades the proprietor that any device which he may have adopted is a failure, as this excuses the acts of the fireman. We consider the first step in the direction of an abatement of the smoke nuisance to be the education of the proprietors of steam boilers to the fact that they have in their own hands the cure of the evil, as far as their own furnaces are concerned. In view of the large percentage of inefficient firemen, and of their ability to defeat the action of most devices, we regard the various self-feeding furnaces as more to be relied upon for the prevention of smoke than any others, as they are automatic in their action, and the best of them seem almost invariably to produce good results. The automatic furnaces commend themselves to those who count the cost of heat and power and of smoke prevention, as they admit the use of the cheapest fuel without making smoke. Several of the devices mentioned in the accompanying tables are excellent for the purpose required ; specimens or patterns of all are within easy visiting distance of every business establishment in the city ; the inventors are but too anxious to exhibit their appar- atus ; inefficient systems should be discarded ; and a brief but thorough examination should be made of the most approved patterns, with the object of selecting the device best suited to the existing conditions, which can be readily compared with others. It certainly is not unreasonable to ask for as much attention to this important subject as would be given to the purchase of a carriage, or to the introduction of house-lieatiug .apparatus, or a kitchen range. The City Council has formed a committee to visit and inspect the various devices so that they can report on several patterns, some one of which may be found useful in any given case: it will afford us pleasure to aid them in every way'. We shall, ourselves, make such a visit for the purpose of verifying our expert’s report. These remarks and considerations apply equally to the prevent- ion of smoke in tugs and locomotive engines; the law with regard to the offense in their case makes the engineers subject to the penalty imposed ; but no regard is paid to it. Observations made after navigation opened, this spring, demonstrated that the greater part of the nuisance can be abated by careful attention to the firing ; trips made with our expert on board showed this conclusion ; also that soon after he had left the smoke burst forth again without abatement; there are devices on some of these vessels which modify its volume when in use; but they are not sufficient, and are seldom in operation. As to locomotives, there is muclf difference in the degree of annoyance on different roads, depending, as in all other cases, on the care taken by the firemen. Recent observations show, however, that there is an apparatus which will absolutely prevent smoke on locomotives, and probably on tugs, and we refer to the notes of our expert for an account of it. We have entered into correspondence with the magistrates of some English cities relative to the means of suppression in vogue there ; these do not differ very materially from ours ; the devices do not vary in principle of construction from those in use here. The powers conferred by law on municipal authorities are, in some instances, greater than ours; they have the authority, which ours have not, to compel the alteration of flues, and the use of appliances. Their mode of procedure in case of offenses is by summons and fine, which apply to the employe as well as the proprietor of an establish- ment offending. Our recommendations are : That, as the Mayor has appointed a competent officer whose sole duty it has become to thoroughly investigate the smoke question, with a view to its speedy and permanent solution, the Citizens’ Association shall tender to the city authorities their co-operation in all efforts for the suppression of the nuisance; and that, as a means to the end desired, an ordinance be passed amplifying the scope of the present city law with regard to the liability of firemen and engineers of stationary engines, and enabling the officers to suppress the nuisance at sight; and, that the City Smoke Bureau be so constituted that daily observations shall be made, with the object of pointing out to delinquents how their smoking chimneys can be remedied, and of enforcing the ordinance in all respects. We would, also, suggest that in any general revision of the Building Ordinance, provision be made for scientific construction of the boiler rooms and smoke stacks of factories and large mercantile buildings, with an especial view to smoke prevention. Respectfully submitted, BRYAN LATHROP, JOHN H. LONG, AUGUSTUS NEWELL, FRED. BAUMANN, W. J. CHALMERS, Committee. Chicago, May 20, 1889. Notes by the Expert Examiner. A fireman who understands his business, and has a good grade of coal, can prevent a great amount of smoke if the details of his steam plant are proper ; in many cases the boiler capacity is entirely inadequate to the demands upon it, and the fires have to be crowded to the utmost ; smoke of the blackest kind is thus commonly evolved, without accomplishing the object. In numerous other cases the chimney capacity is entirely too small for the number of boilers attached to it; sometimes two, three, or even four boilers are dependent upon a small chimney, projecting but a few feet above the roof of the building, and often surrounded by others much higher ; the draft is, in such cases, impeded, and much unneccessary smoke the consequence; a "smoke burner” of the proper pattern will assist materially in increasing the draft. The majority of the smoke preventing devices are of but little benefit, and in some cases have been of positive injury to the boilers ; and even where the better style are in use, carelessness in firing, the use of an inferior grade of coal, or the sudden or habitual " crowding ” of the fires, one or all together, cause much smoke at times, or at all times ; of course, an apparatus will not prevent smoke, if not applied, or improperly handled. One of the first conditions for success is "don’t crowd the boilers”—to use the common ex- pression. In some establishments in the business district the engineer has to do duty as stoker,—do his own firing ; he has also charge of the elevator, and the steam-heating, and of other business ; if any- thing occurs iiY any part of the building he is sent for to" fix things leaving his post to go to the top story, perhaps, without knowing when he shall return, he crowds his furnace full of coal, with the result of sending a dense volume of smoke out of the chimney. These observations show that there are many instances where good apparatus does not prevent smoke, while the same device works perfectly in other cases. The causes are very evident: inadequate chimney capacity, inferior coal, imperfect and faulty setting of the boiler, or careless management of fires: here again TO there is evidence that unless all details are properly arranged, and the fires carefully attended to,—in short, unless there is careful and judicious management of the whole plant, smoke will be apparent. There were expressions, in some cases, of ill-feeling with regard to the prosecutions by the city authorities, but, on the other hand, the infliction of a fine has often, confessedly, done good. Every tug, and nearly every locomotive engine observed, was belching forth great volpmes of intensely black smoke; the exceptions were on the Illinois Central suburban trains : on inquiry it was found that this Company uses bituminous coal; but the nuisance was, in their case, much less than on other locomotives, owing to careful firing. A number of tugs have steam jets in their smoke-stacks, which helps to some extent : that careful firing is the best remedy was demonstrated on the trips made, the same tugs were very offensive before and after the trips. The difficulties to be overcome on tugs and locomotives are greater than in the case of stationary boilers. May 17. Trip on engine No. 93, Wisconsin Central Railway, —accompanied by the inventor of the device attached thereto, W. C. Thayer. The trip from Chicago to Harlem and return was made without any visible smoke issuing from the stack of the engine, except once, when upon the suggestion of your examiner, the valves leading to the consumer were closed, whereupon dense volumes of black smoke instantly issued from the stack, to be just as quickly dispelled by again opening the steam valves. Observa- tions were made on the following day, and another trip was made as a passenger, unknown to anybody, to see if the device would show equally good results, and it was found to work just as perfectly, as when the writer rode on the engine. There seems to be no further excuse for so much black smoke from locomotive engines in the city of Chicago, while there is such a simple, inexpensive and efficient device within the reach of all, and it would seem that the adoption of this cannot be urged any too strongly, especially as a considerable saving of fuel is said to be effected by its use. The same device is suited to tug furnaces. Name of Device. NUMBER BOILERS OBSERVED. MODE OF FIRING. NUMBER MAKING SMOKE. GOOD. INDIFF. OR BAD BLACK. MEDIUM. little OR NONE. McGinnis.. .. 89 76 13 4 10 75 Steam Jets . 73 42 31 23 20 30 Murphy Furnace . 70 70 0 0 0 70 Hutchinson ... 55 32 23 26 14 15 Arches over Bridge Waee . 54 31 23 15 16 23 Butman 34 30 4 2 10 22 Smith ... 34 22 12 10 2 22 Bowe 40 36 4 4 5 31 Murphy Jets ... . ... ... ... 13 11 2 2 5 6 Orvis 14 12 2 5 6 3 Rooney Furnace . 12 10 2 2 0 10 A. Ritter 12 12 0 0 0 12 Kelley 11 5 6 1 4 6 Ritchie 14 12 2 0 8 6 Olson . 13 12 1 1 0 12 Farr 24 20 4 0 0 24 McLaughlin . ... ... . .. 8 6 2 2 2 4 Rafferty 7 3 4 4 1 2 Thayer 4 4 0 0 0 4 Miscellaneous and nameless de- vices; for particulars see daily reports of observations 93 No Device Used 165 53 112 107 27 31 Recapitulation of Smoke Observations, 1889. Recapitulation of Smoke Observations where no Smoke Preventive Device is used. Number of places visited, -------- 98 “ where firing is bad, (64 per cent), - - - - 63 “ good, (35 per cent), - 35 “ making black smoke, - - - - - - - 54 light or very light smoke, .... 29 medium smoke, - - - - - - 15 WITHOUT ANY DEVICE. Out of 63 cases of improper firing, 54 made black smoke, or 85 per cent. “ 35 “ good firing, 29 made very little smoke, or 83 per cent. “ 63 “ bad firing, only 2 are shown making light smoke. DATE. NAME. BOILERS. HORSE POWER. DEVICE IN USE. MODE OF FIRING. COAL USED. CONDITION OF SMOKE. THERMO- METER. ei 6 K Pi g < * REMARKS. Feb. 19 Swannel Mfg. Co. N. S. 1 BabcSck & Wilcox, 15 none. indiff. 111. coal. black. 0 30 March 20. Very black. “ Gormully & Jeffery. tubular 75 Grucox & Yeiter. careful. Ind. block. light. 4 30 “ C. A. Smith & Co. i tubular 65 none. careful. 111. coal & shavings. light. 6 30 “ Brunswick B. & Collender. 4 tubular 250 brick arches. careful. 111. coal. light. 7 30 “ Shufeldt Distillery. 8 tubular 300 none. crowded & careless. 111. coal. very black. 9 30 “ A. Richter. 2 tubular 75 Smith. indiff. soft coal & shavings. black. 8 30 Consumer not in use. “ Cribben, Sexton & Co. 2 tubular 100 1 tubular 50 Hutchinson. heavy and indiff. soft coal. medium. 10' 30 Sometimes very black smoke. “ C. F. Elmes. W. S. brick arches. careful. 111. coal. none, or very light. 10 30 Gave drawing of device. “ Gradle & Strotz. S. S. 1 tubular 40 Buschick. indiff. Streator. medium and black. 10 30 “ Storm & Hill. tubular McGinnis. careful. Minonk. very light. 11 30 “ Strauss, Ullman & Guthman. 2 tubular 100 McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. very light. 10 30 Say will smoke if crowded. “ Norton Milling Co. W. S. 2 tubular 150 Murphy furnace. automatic. Streator. none, or very light. 9 30 “ Wholesale H. Carson, Pirie & Co. S. S. 3 tubular 120 McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. very light. 9 30 March 20. Black. Smoke Observations, 1889. Feb. 19 Selz, Schwab & Co. 3 tubular 150 Olson. careful. 111. coal. medium and light. 8 30 Consumer not in use when visited. 30 Franklin MacVeagh & Co. 2 tubular 100 steam jets. careful Ind. block. medium, sometimes very black. 0 30.2 Retail, Marshall Field & Co. 8 tubular 4(H) McGinnis. careful. Pittsburgh. very light. 2 30.2 March 20. Black. First National Bank. g tubular 1(H) Fitch. indiff. Ind. block. light, but at times black. 4 30.2 March 20. Black. S. A. Maxwell & Co. tubular 75 steam jets, but not used careful. Ind. block. black. 5 30.2 Tobey Mfg. Co. S. S. 2 tubular 75 Olson. careful. Ind. block. light. 0 302 Fairbanks, Morse & Co 2 tubular 100 Butman. careful. soft coal. light. 8 30.2 A. Hillman & Co. i tubular 4.i 1 Hutchinson. light and careful. Ind. block, screenings. light. 10 30.2 Chicago Refrigerator W. House Co. W. S. 1 tubular 40 steam jets. light and careful. Pittsburgh. light. 12 30.2 Eckhardt & Swan. 2 tubular 120 Smith, Acme, steam jets and brick arches. indiff. 111. coal. black. 12 30.2 Tappan & Wheeler. 2 tubular steam jets. careful. soft coal. a little bl’k smoke. 12 30.2 Salter & Bilek. 2 tubular 100 steam jets and arches. indiff. soft coal & shavings. light. 11 30.2 Chicago Hardware Mfg. Co. N. S. 1 tubular 50 Hutchinson. careful. 111. coal. light. 10 30.2 When crowding, much smoke. B. V. Page. tubular 100 Murphy furnace. automatic. soft coal. very light. 10 30.2 21 Ph. Rinn. N. S. 2 tubular 1(H) none. crowded. soft coal & shavings. much black smoke. 10 30 “ M. Schultz. W. S. 1 tubular 50 none. indiff. soft coal & shavings. black. 12 30 DATE. NAME. BOILERS. HORSE POWER. DEVICE IN USE. MODE OF FIRING. COAL USED. CONDITION OF SMOKE. HERMO- METER. ARO- METER. REMARKS. H 21 N. W. Lead & Oil Mfg. Co. 2 tubular none. careful. nut coal & hard coal light. 13 30 100 screenings. (i Schumacher & Betzel. 2 tubular 100 none. careless. shavings & soft coal, much bl’ck smoke. 15 30 << Dawson Bros. 2 drum in front. Pittsburgh very light. 18 30 100 nut. it Pitkin, Bond & Co. S. S. 2 tubular 75 Farr. careful. Ind. block. none or very light. 24 30 il Chicago Edison Co. 4 Heine Safety Jarvis furnace. careful. Ind. block. light. 30 30 400 2 it Blake, Shaw & Page. tubular 120 Farr. careful. Ind. block. very light. 32 30 it Insurance Ex. Bldg. 2 tubular 100 8 Ritchie. careful. Ind. block. light. 34 30 Wholesale H. Marshall Field & Co. tubular McGinnis. careful. Pittsburgh. very light. 38 30 March 20. Black. S. S. 400 2 tubular 75 it Chas. P. Kellogg & Co. Bowe. careful. Pittsburgh. light. 40 30 ti Sweet, Dempster & Co. 2 tubular 75 Fitch. careful. 111. coal. medium. 40 30 March 20. Black. it Cahn, Wampold & Co. 1 tubular 80 2 tubular 100 McGinnis. careful. Pittsburgh. light. 40 30 ii Phelps, Dodge & Palmer. brick arches. careful, but a little crowded. Minonk. medium. 40 30 March 20. Black. 2 medium, at 25 Tremont House. tubular Murphy jets. indiff. 111. coal. times very 10 30 March 20. Very black. 120 black. Smoke Observations, 1889.—Continued. 25 Sherman House. 2 tubular steam jets. iudiflf. Pittsburgh. medium. 10 30 March 20. Very black. 150 2 McCormick Block. tubular McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. light. 12 30 100 Opera House Block. 0 tubular 240 Hutchinson. careful, but crowded. Iud. block. very black. 13 30 March 20. Very black. Chicago Club Bldg. 2 tubular HO McLaughlin. indiff. Ind. block. light and black. 14 30 Crerar, Adams & Co. 1 tubular 40 air'ducts. careful. Wilm’gton medium. 16 30 N. W. corner of I.ake & Franklin Sts. 2 tubular 80 none. careful. Wilm’gton light. 18 30 Chicago Arc-Light & Power Co. 4 tub 8 “ 700 H. P. Bowe. Butman. careful. Ind. block. light to medium. 20 30 March 20. Very black. W. S. Vaughan & Bushnell. tubular 50 brick arches. careful. soft coal screenings. light. 22 30 Gauu -se. 2 tubular KM) 1 tubular 50 Murphy furnace. soft coal screenings. light. 20 30 Platnondon Mfg. o. brick larches. careful. 111. coal. light. 20 30 Wacker & Birk 4 none. careful. soft coal ordinarily 20 30 Brewery Co. 250 light. N. S. Adams & Westlake. 5 tubular none. careful. soft coal. light. 20 30 300 2 25 S. S. Metropolitan Block. tubular McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. light. 27 30 March 20. Very black. 120 2 light, but al “ Daily News. tubular brick arches. ordinary. 111. coal. times very 28 30 March 20. Very black. 120 2 tubular black. Major Block. Hutchinson. careful. Laurel Hill black. 2!) 30 March 20. Very black. 100 3 “ Taylor Building. tubular steam jets. careful. soft coal. light. 30 30 100 6 »i X BOILERS. HORSE POWER. MODE OF FIRING. CONDITION OF SMOKE. B DATE. NAME. DEVICE IN USE. COAL USED. §! < REMARKS. E *3 H K 26 National Life Ins.Bldg. 75 1 tub. 120 2 “ Olson. McGinnis. crowded. Iiul. block. light, but at times black 31 30 March 20. Black. “ Gore’s Hotel. 4 tubular Murphy jets. careful. Ind. block. light. 32 30 150 4 “ Traders Building. tubular Rafferty. indiflf. soft coal. black. 32 20 160 4 “ Phenix Ins. Bldg. tubular brick arches. careful. 111. coal. medium. 33 30 250 2 “ W. Union Tel. Bldg. tubular Hutchinson. careful. Ind. block. medium. 34 30 100 2 1 Siegel, Cooper & Co. tubular Olson. careful. Ind. block. light. 34 30 150 3 '* Exchange Building. tubular steam jets. indifif. Ind. block. black. 34 30 120 0 “ Rialto Building. tubular Farr. careful. Ind. block. light. 34 30 300 6 Board of Trade Bldg. tubular 400 Butman. careful. Ind. block. light. 34 30 27 N. S. Vogler & Geudtner. 1 Babcock & Wilcox, 100 Hutchinson. indiflf. Ind. block & shavings black. 33 30 “ McEwen Mfg. Co. 2 tubular 120 Smith. crowded. soft coal & shavings. light. 33 30 At times they make very black smoke. « Theo. A. Kochs. 2 tubular Smith. careful. 111. coal. light. 34 30 When consumer was turned off, very 1(H) 2 tubular black smoke. . “ Spielman Bros. none. careless. soft coal. very black. 34 30 Much very black smoke produced at all HO times. Smoke Observations, 1889.—Continued. 27 Union Wire Mattress Co. 1 tub. 1 “ 120 Hutchinson. none. indiff. Ind. block & shavings medium. 34 30 “ N. S. Chicago Rawhide Mfg. Co. 1 tubular 50 fan for forced draught. careful. soft coal .screenings. light. 34 30 Have seen some blach smoke occasionally. Chicago Drop Forge Co 2 H. T. Russell’s patent crude none or 34 30 100 petroleum burner. petroleum. very light. Streeter Iron Works. 1 tubular 50 Kelley. crowded. Pittsburgh nut. medium. 34 30 S. S. Ashland Mock. 2 tubular 120 Murphy jets. careful. Ind. block. medium. 35 30 March 20. Very black. At times much black smoke. Portland,Mock. 2 tubular 80 Ritchie. careful. Ind. block. light. 30 30 March 20. Very black. 111. Bank Building. 2 tubular 100 2 none. careful. Ind. block. medium. 35 30 Howland Block. tubular 80 steam jets. indiff. Ind. block. medium. 35 30 Adams Ex. Bldg. 4 tubular 200 2 Kelley. indiff. Ind. block. medium. 34 30 Temple Court Bldg. tubular 100 Rafferty. careful. all kinds. light. 34 30 March 20. Black. James H.Walker_&Co. 2 tubular 100 steam jets. indiff. Ind. block. light. as 30 28 N. S. Superior Nickel Works 1 tubular 00 McGinnis. careful. 111. coal. some smoke. 28 30 Claimed that arch was out of order, other- wise no smoke made. “ H. J. Berry. 1 tubular 50 none. careless. 111. coal. much bl’ck smoke. 28 30 “ R. W. McCready. 1 tubular 50 none. careful. nut coal. light. 29 30 “ John Mohr & Son. 1 tubular 50 1 tubular 75 Murphy furnace. automatic. 111. nut. light. 30 30 “ Empire Steam Cooked Feed Co. brick arches. careful. Ind. block. very light. 31 30 The arrangement here was the engineer’s own invention. Would not give partic- ulars until patented. o x 2 « x ft oi w DATE. NAME. BOILERS. HORSE POWER. DEVICE IN USE. MODE OF FIRING. COAL USED. CONDITION OF SMOKE. REMARKS. X S H PQ 28 Davidson & Sons. 2 tubular 150 1 tubular 50 steam jets. indiff. Ind. block. at times light. 32 30 Much black smoke at times. “ Tudor Buggy Co. none. careful. soft coal. medium. 33 30 “ Galena Elevator. tubular McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. light. 34 30 150 “ N. s. Cable Car Eng. House Da Salle & 111. Sts. 2 tub, 200 1 “ 100 H. P. Rooney furnace, none. crowded. soft coal screenings. much bl’ck smoke. 35 30 2 hard coal “ S. s. Borden Block. tubular none. careful. scr’ings & light. 36 30 100 lump coal. “ N. s. Kirk’s Soap Factory. 16 tub. 1200 H. P. Murphy furnace. automatic. soft coal screenings. very light. 35 30 “ S. 9. Sherman Bros. & Co. 1 tubular 50 Hutchinson. careful. soft coal. light. 34 30 March. The condition of the weather to-day being rather peculiar—murky, with low barometer—the day was spent in taking observations on the ground already gone over; in order to note the effect of the weather upon the smoke production It gives me pleasure to be able to report that 1 taking it altogether, there was much less smoke produced, than at auy time since my observations were beguu. A few places were vomiting forth the usual amount of smoke, as for instance the Sherman, the Chicago Opera house block, and some of the factories on the North side, prominf»t among which were those at Market and Huron streets; and at 56 Erie street, the last of which I have repeatedly observed, and found to emit volumes of smoke at times; they have a consumer, but it is evidently not in use. Other buildings giving forth less smoke than usual, it might possibly be due to the fact, that the day being rather mild less steam was used for heating purposes than usual, and consequently firing was pro- portionately lighter, and in places visited this was substantiated in every case. 2 W. S. Bradley Mfg. Co. 4 tubular 200 McGinnis. crowded and indiff. 111. coal. medium. 34 30 “ J. C. Meyer. 1 tubular 50 Hutchinson. crowded. nut coal. black smoke. 34 30 Consumer not in use. Smoke; Observations, 1889.—Continued. 2 Chicago White head & Oil Works. 3 tubular 200 brick arches. careful. Ind. block. light. 34 30 New England Mills. 2 tubular 120 none. indiff. soft coal. much bl’ck smoke. 34 30 Fraser & Chalmers. tubular 200 Hutchinson. careful. soft coal. light. 34 30 Brewer & Hoffman Brewery Co. 2 tubular 120 none. careful. Ind. block. light. 34 30 “ S. S. Merchants’ Building. 2 tubular 100 McGinnis. careful. soft coal screenings. very light. 34 30 Heath & Milligan Co. tubular 150 McGinnis. crowded and indiff. soft coal. much bl’ck smoke. 34 30 88 and 90 ha Salle St. 2 tubular 80 steam jets. indiff. Ind. block. black smoke. 34 30 S. IX Kimbark. 1 tubular 50 1 tubular 50 Murley. careful. 111. coal. verjr light. 34 30 Would apparently make no smoke regard- less of firing. 4 4 McNeil, Higgins & Co. Orvis. careful. 111. coal. light. 34 30 2 34 30 Fedore Block. 100 2 tubular 80 Hutchinson. careful. haurel Hill medium. 34 30 Equitable Building. 1 tubular 50 Orvis. indiff. Ind. block. medium. 34 30 March 20 Very black 4 95 & 97 Washington St. 1 tubular 50 steam jets. indiff. Ind. block. medium. 35 29.7 “ Hawley Block. 1 tubular 50 Butman. indiff. Ind. block. medium. 35 29.7 March 20. Very black. “ Willoughby, Hill & Co. 2 tubular 120 2 tubular 120 Hall. careful. Ind. block. very light. 35 29.7 Have never seen any black smoke from this place. “ Montauk Block. Ritchie. careful. hazel. ordinarily light. 35 29.7 Have seen some very black smoke issue from here. 21 6 C6 % w ei h w w d . w o DATE. NAME. BOILERS. HORSE POWER. DEVICE IN USE. MODE OF FIRING. COAL USED. CONDITION OF SMOKE. REMARKS. B S < s H PQ 2 4 S. S. Bay State Building. tubular 100 McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. light. 35 29.7 « Brevoort House. 2 tubular Smith. careful. soft coal black. 35 29.7 80 “ Franklin Building. 2 tubular 120 1 tubular 50 McGinnis. light and careful. soft coal screenings. light. 35 29.7 “ I,oeb Building. Murphy jets. careful. 111. coal. medium. 35 27.7 “ Rubel Bros. Building. 2 tubular 100 McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. light. 35 29.7 “ . Girard Building. 2 tubular 120 Farr. careful. soft coal screenings. light. 35 29.7 “ Commerce Building. 6 tubular :ioo Ritchie. careful. soft coal screenings. medium. &5 29.7 ■< Royal Ins. Building. tubular Butman. careful. Ind. block. light. &5 29.7 200 2 The Fair. tubular 120 Bowe. ..careful. Ind. block. very light. 35 29.7 March 20. Very black. 5 W. S. Burton Block. 2 tubular brick arches. iudiff. Ind. block. medium. 38 29.5 120 4 • “ Fortune Bros. Brg. Co. tubular Murphy furnace. automatic. 111. coal. very light. 38 29.5 200 3 Knisely Building. tubular 150 1 tubular brick arches. careful. 111. coal. light. 38 29.5 “ Munson’s Building. McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. light. 38 29.5 50 Smoke Observations, 1889.—Continued. 5 S. E. corner of Canal & Washington. 1 tubular 50 none. indiff. nut coal & shavings. medium. 38 29.5 « Gates Building. 1 tubular 60 drum in front. indiff. 111. coal. light. 38 27.5 “ Jackson Building. 2 tubular 100 Hutchinson. crowded. 111. coal. black. 38 29.5 « St. Taul Elevator. 4 tubular McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. very light. 38 29.5 200 2 “ S. S. Calumet Building. tubular 100 Bowe. careful. • Ind. block. very light. 38 29.5 “ s. s. Home Ins. Building. Rand, McNally & Co. 4 very light. light. 38 29.7 200 2 tubular Smith & Bowe. careful. Ohio coal. 38 29.7 Will smoke at times. 100 4 “ Mandel Bros. tubular Farr. careful. Pittsburgh. verv light. 38 29.7 200 3 “ D. B. Fisk & Co. tubular none. careful. Ind. block. light, 38 29.7 120 “ Lenox Building. 2 tubular 100 brick arches and steam jets. careful. Ind. block. light 38 29.7 0 L. J. McCormick Bldg. 2 tubular McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. light. 48 29.20 100 Hibbard, Spencer & Co 2 tubular 100 2 tubular arches. crowded. Ind. block. medium. 48 29.20 March 20. Very black. Sometimes very black. « G. W. Ludlow & Co. steam jets. careful. 111. coal. medium. 48 29.20 100 “ 68 & 70 Wabash Ave., C. H. Blakeley. 1 tubular 60 1 tubular 40 J. D. Lee’s patent. crowded. 111. coal. none. 48 29.20 “ Lord, Owen & Co. McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. light. 48 29.20 “ A. F. Risser. 2 tubular 75 none. light and careful. 111. coal. medium. 48 29.20 6 A w DEVICE IN USE. COAL USED. S W PATE. NAME. HORSE POWER. FIRING. OF SMOKE. a « REMARKS. % S 8 H « 6 French, Potter & Wilson. 3 tubular 120 Backus. careful. Ohio. medium. 48 29.20 March 20. Black. Chicago Carpet Co. Rookery Building. 2 tubular 100 8 tubular Stanton. A. Ritter. careful. Laurel Hill Ind. block. medium. very light. 48 48 29.20 29.20 4 and 87 Fifth Ave., White Building. 1 tubular 40 none. careful. Ind. block. light. 35 29.2 “ Monroe St., 237 & 239. tubular UK) 2 tubular 120 none. indiff. Pittsburgh. black. 35 29.2 “ Wheeler Building. Farr. careful. Ind. block. none or very light. 38 29.2 “ Br. Jonathan Bldg. 2 tubular 120 1 tubular Orvis. careful. Iud. block. light. 38 29.2 / <* Schniedewend & Lee Co. none. careful. soft and hard coal light. 38 29.2 (10 3 tubular screenings. “ Geo. F. Kimball. Smith. light. Ind. block. black. 38 29.2 150 2 ' “ S. S. A. C. McClurg & Co. tubular Farr. careful. Ind. block. light. 38 29.2 100 2 9 w. s. Hake Bakery. tubular 120 2 tubular 120 Hutchinson. careful. Ind. block. light. 30 30 “ Rice & Whitacre. McGinnis. careless. Wilm’gtou light to medium. 30 30 “ Wm. J. Moxley. 1 tubular 50 Thayer. careful. Wilm’gton light to medium. 30 30 6 'a oi DATE. NAME. BOILERS. HORSE POWER. DEVICE IN USE. MODE OF FIRING. COAL USED. CONDITION OF SMOKE. S w X p w « w REMARKS. < A H « 9 Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co. 1 tubular 60 none. careful. Ind. block. light. 30 30 “ Collins & Burgie. 1 tubular steam jets. indiff. 111. coal. black. 60 30 “ Wright & Lawther Mfg. Co. 3 tubular 200 McGinnis. careful. Wilm’gtoti light. 30 30 2 Babcock & “ Young & h'arrell. Wilcox none. careful. Streator. light. 30 30 150 2 “ s. s. F. H. Hill Co. tubular Douglas. careful. Wilm’gton light. 30 30 Device not in use at the time. 120 “ Geo. H. Taylor & Co. 2 tubular 100 Smith. careful. Ind. block & coke. light. 30 30 “ Applebv Building. tubular Murphy jets. careful. 111. coal. medium. 30 30 150 11 Fuller & Fuller. 2 tubular 100 none. light and careful. I.aurel Hill and Ind. block. light. 34 30.2 “ M. D. Wells & Co. tubular 100 steam jets, hardly ever used. light and careful. Ind. block. light. 34 30.2 “ Tabernacle Building. 4 tubular 200 McGillicuddy. careful. Pittsburgh lump. light. 34 30.2 March 20. Much smoke. “ Kahn, Schoenbrunn & Co. tubular 100 McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. light. 34 30.2 “ Market & Jackson, McCormick Building. 2 tubular 150 McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. light. 34 30.2 “ Kuh, Nathan & Fischer. 3 tubular 150 Thayer. careful. Ind. block. light. 34 3.02 Smoke Observations, 1889.—Continued. 11 Commercial Building. 2 tubular 100 Bowe. indiff. Ind. block. medium to . black. 34 30.2 “ s. s. American Exp. Bldg. 4 tubular 200 steam jets. crowded and indiff. 111. coal. black, and lots of it. 34 30.2 March 20. Very black. Ayer Building. tubular ltX) 2 tubular Ritchie. indiff. Ind. block. light to medium. 34 30.2 March 20. Very black. Mackin Building. Hutchinson. careful. Ind. block. medium. 34 30.2 100 2 C. J. Fry Building. tubular 80 none. crowded. Ind. block. black. 34 30.2 Pitkin & Brooks. o tubular 80 steam jets. light and careful. Pittsburgh. light. 34 30.2 March 20. Very black. Doggett Building. 2 tubular 100 arches. light. 111. coal. light. 34 30.2 S. G. Wilkins. 1 tubular 40 2 tubular arches. light. 111. coal. light. 34 30.2 12 J. A. Tolman & Co. McGinnis. careful. Wilm’gton light. 42 29.8 120 2 A. R. Bremer & Co. tubular UK) 2 tubular ltX) 2 tubular arches. indiff 111. coal. medium. 42 29.8 Sprague, Warner & Co. steam jets. indiff Kentucky lump. very black. 42 29.8 March 20. Very black, and lots of it. C. H. Slack. none. indiff Ind. block. very black. 42 29.8 March 20. Very black, and lots of it. 1(K) Mentor Block. 1 tubular 50 steam jets. careful. Ind. block. black. 42 29.8 March 20. Black. Claim jets good, if properly used. 4 Babcock & Illinois screenings. Studebaker Building. Wilcox 400 Murphy furnace. automatic. very light. 42 29.8 Jones School. tubular steam jets. light. 111. coal. black. 42 29.8 March 20. Very black. UK) « Regan Printing House tubular steam jets. indiff soft coal. black. 42 29.8 1(K) 6 £ £ 7 w W DATE. NAME. BOILERS. HORSE POWER. DEVICE IN USE. MODE OF FIRING. COAL USED. CONDITION OF SMOKE. o £ REMARKS. B * < * H « 12 Brown, Pettibone & Co. 1 tubular (50 Olson. light and careful. soft coal screenings. very light. 42 26.8 “ Rawson Building. 2 tubular 120 Bowe. careful. Kentucky lump. light. 42 29.8 “ W. F. Mclyaughlin & Co. 2 tubular 120 Smith. irnliff. Oakhill. black. 42 29.8 “ N. S. Weber Boot & Shoe Factory. 1 tubular 50 none. careful. 111. coal. very black. 42 29.8 “ Price Bkg. Powder Co. 2 tubular 120 Hutchinson. light and careful. Ind. block. light. 42 29.8 “ H. H. Shufeldt & Co. Warehouse. 1 tubular 50 steam jets. indiflf 111. coal. medium. 42 29.8 “ Fill & Bullen’s Malt House. 2 tubular 100 Stege. indiff. hard and soft coal screenings. ordinary light. 42 29.8 At times very black smoke is produced here. 13 Western Toy Co. ■ 3 tubular 200 none. indiflf. shavings & Wilm’gton medium and black. 38 30 “ Cable Fng. House, Flm St. 8 tubular 800 Rooney furnace. automatic. soft coal & screenings. very light. 38 40 “ Aug. Beck Tobacco Factory. 2 tubular 1(X) steam jets. light and careful. Hocking Valley. light. 38 30 2 cheap and 30 “ Chicago Marble Co. tubular none. indiflf poor 111. very black. 38 120 coal. “ Samuel Bliss. 1 locomotive (50 1 tubular 50 Smith. careful. Ind. block. light. 38 30 2 refuse and “ Spaulding & Merrick. tubular Hutchinson. careful. soft coal light. 38 30 120 screenings. Smokk Observations, 1889.—Continued. 13 S. S. Ft. Dearborn Block. 1 tubular none. indiff. Pittsburgh. medium. 38 30 50 2 “ Thompson & Taylor. tubular McGinnis. careful. Pittsburgh. light. 38 30 100 1 “ W. M. Hoyt. tubular Kelley. careful. Wilm’gton light. 38 30 50 “ Central Elevator. tubular 300 1 tubular McGinnis. careful. 111. coal. light. 38 30 *< Ely Block. none. indiff. 111. coal. medium. 38 30 00 1 soft and “ John C. Neemes & Co. tubular Hutchinson. careful. hard coal light. 38 30 00 screenings. “ Royal Hotel. tubular none. indiff. 111. coal. very black. 38 30 50 1 14 n. a. Franklin School. tubular 75 none. indiff. Ind. block. very black. 50 20.8 “ “ Brusclike Furniture Co •> tubular 120 Hutchinson. indiff. shavings & soft coal. black. 50 29.5 “ 107 &. 10!) Elm Street. tubular none. careful. nut coal. light. 50 29.5 30 1 s Oak Street School. tubular 75 none. careful. Ind. block. light. 50 29.5 Chicago Brewing Co. tubular none. careful. Ind. block. light. 50 29.5 150 “ 100 & 108 Wood Street, Aug. Huske. 1 tubular 100 none. indiff. shavings & nut coal. light. 50 29.5 “ Zangerle Mfg. Co. 2 tubular 100 2 tubular none. careless. shavings & nut coal. very black. 50 29.5 s. s. Sibley Block. steam jets. careful. Ind. block. light. 50 29.5 100 2 “ Kelley, Maus & Co. tubular McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. light. 50 29.5 120 O X X BOILERS. HORSE POWER. MODE OF FIRING. CONDITION OF SMOKE. gw w DATE. NAME. DEVICE IN USE. COAL USED. as h W « 2 M x S REMARKS. X S H < « X 14 C. & N. W. Office Bldg. 3 tubular 150 arches and Ashcroft doors. careful. Ind. block. light. 50 29.5 March 20. Very black. .< A. L. Singer & Co. tubular Butman. careful. Ind. block. light. 50 29.5 150 “ Kolin Bros. 2 tubular 150 2 tubular 100 Cregier. light and careful. Pittsburgh. light. ' 50 29.5 “ Willoughby Building. none. light and careful. Ind. block. light. 50 29.5 March 20. Very black. “ J. W. Ostrander. 2 tubular 100 steam jets. light and careful. Ind. block. medium. •r*0 29.5 15 W. S. Chicago Sugar Works. 32 Babcock & Wilcox Murphy furnace on part. automatic. 111. coal black. 52 29.3 The black smoke was caused by the use - 5000 of a few boilers that had not yet been << << Wilson Street, 2 none. indiff. soft coal black. 52 29.3 fitted with the Murphy furnaces. Crane Bros. Mfg. Co. 100 City Rlevator. 1 tubular none. careful. Ind. block. light. 52 29.3 120 2 “ s. s. Union Bag & Paper Co. tubular McLaughlin. careful. Ind. block. light. 52 29.3 Spoke very highly of consumer. 120 ' << Donohue & 2 Latham. soft coal light. 52 29.3 Henneberry. 100 « A. N. Kellogg. 2 tubular Olson. careful. Ind. block. light. 52 29.3 1(H) Twenty-second Street, 2 Hazelton Rooney. automatic. Ind. slack. very light. 52 29.3 Cable Kng. House. Orvis. careful. Ind. slack. black. 52 Bemis & McAvoy 4 Babcock & soft and light, and at times “ indiff. hard coal 52 29.3 Brewing Co. 400 screenings. black. Smoke Observations, 1889.—Continued. 2 manure & "■ ' 15 Cook Brewing Co. tubular none. careless. soft coal, medium. 52 29.3 120 nut. “ Seipp Brewing Co. 5 tubular 400 device of their own. indiff. Pittsburgh. lump. black. 52 29.3 Claimed that their device was out of order. « Keeley Brewing Co. tubular none. indiff. Iud. block. black. 58 29.3 300 10 H. Disston & Sons. 2 tubular 150 none. crowded. Pittsburgh. medium to black. 58 29.3 “ Old House, Marshall Field & Co. 0 tubular 400 McGinnis. light. Pittsburgh. very light. 58 29.3 << M. F. Page & Co. 3 tubular Hutchinson. indiff. Ind. block. . medium. 58 29.3 March 20. Very black. 150 2 ‘ ‘ Partridge’s. tubular SO none. indiff. Pittsburgh. black. 58 29.3 March 20. Very black. “ McVicker’s Theatre. 2 Heine Safety 2(50 perforated bridge wall careful, but crowded. soft coal & coke. medium. 58 29.3 .< Palmer House. 0 tubular Murphy furnace. automatic. soft coal generally light. 58 29.3 March 20. Very black. At limes every 500 day very black smoke in large volumes o light and careful. may be seen from this chimney. Wanamaker & Brown tubular 80 Smith. Ind. block. light. 58 29.3 March 20. Black. “ Meth. Book Concern. 1 tubular steam jets. careful. Ind. block. light. 58 29.3 “ John Kranz. 'i tubular 50 steam jets. indiff. Ind. block. medium to black. 58 29.3 “ Grommes & Ullrich. V 1 tubular 80 steam jets. careful. Ind. block. light. 34 29.3 18 Gray, Kingman & Collins. 2 tubular 150 Smith. light and careful. Iud. block. light. 34 29.5 “ F. B. Millar & Co. 2 tubular Whalen. light and careful. 111. coal. light. 34 29.5 120 “ S. S. 19 & 21 Lake Street, McCormick. 2 tubular 150 Hutchinson. careful. Jackson Hill. light. 34 29.5 6 d P4 w DATE. NAME. BOILERS. HORSE POWER. DEVICE IN USE. MODE OF FIRING. CONDITION OF SMOKE. COAL USED. K a 8« REMARKS. ffi s H « 18 Chicago Stamping Co. 2 tubular 100 1 tubular Cregier. light and careful. Ind. block. medium. 34 29.5 Consumer not in use. A. F. Seeberger & Co. none. careful. Ind. block. light. 34 29.5 50 - M. Shields. 1 tubular 75 Kelley. crowded. Ind. block. medium to black. 34 19.5 Cameron, Amberg & Co. 2 tubular 120 McLaughlin. careful. Ind. block. light. 34 29.5 Wells & Nellegar Co. 1 tubular 75 Smith. light. Ind. block. light. 34 29.5 Marine Building. •> tubular 100 2 tubular Smith. crowded. Ind. block. light to medium. 34 29.5 March 20. Ver black. F. C. Wilson &. Co. brick arches. light. 111. coal. medium. 34 29.5 120 A. H. Andrews. tubular Olson. light. 111. coal. light. 34 29.5 80 Retail House, Carson, Pirie & Co. 4 tubular 200 steam jets. careful. Ind. block. light. 34 29.5 C. M. Hotchkin & Co. 1 tubular steam jets. indifF. Pittsburgh slack. medium. 34 29.5 •50 1 P. Lori Hard & Co. tubular Hutchinson. indifF. Ind. block. medium. 34 29.5 50 2 Skeen & Stuart. tubular steam jets. indifF. Laurel Hill medium. 34 29.5 120 2 19 Union Storage Co. tubular none. indifF. Pittsburgh. black. 34 29.5 150 Smoke Observations, 1889.—Continued. 19 Douglas & Stuart. 3 tubular 225 none. indiff. Oat hulls & nut coal. light. 34 29.5 Carsley & Eist Mfg. Co tubular 150 3 tubular steam jets. indiff. nut coal & shavings. medium. 34 29.5 “ Gootfried Brewing Co. Smith. crowded. Ind. block. black. 34 29.5 200 1 tub _ r « L. Hutt Box Factory. Butman. crowded. shavings. black. 34 29.5 100 << s. s. Alton Elevator. tubular none. careful. 111. coal. light. 34 29.5 SO 18 “ N. K. Fairbank & Co. tubular Bo we. careful. 111. coal. light. 34 29.5 1500 4 “ w. s. L. Huck Co. tubular none. indiff. Ind. block. medium. 34 29.5 400 4 “ Schoenhofen Brg. Co. tubular none. indiff. Ind. block. black. 34 29.5 400 “ F. Wenter. 1 tubular 60 none. indiff. shavings & nut coal. black. 34 29.5 “ R. G. Stevens. 1 tubular 75 none. indiff. 111. coal. black. 34 29 5 „ W. E. Frost Mfg. Co. tubular none. crowded. shavings. medium. 34 29.5 150 20 This day was spent in taking observations on the ground gone over, and it was demonstrated that even the heretofore best behaved chim- neys were making a great amount of smoke, due to carelessness in firing in most cases. About forty observations were made, with the result as marked in the “ remarks ” column in every case observed. There was, this day, a sudden change in the weather, from mild to cold. 21 s. s. Schloesser Block. 2 tubular none. careful. Ind. block. medium, 40 30.2 80 3 tubular 300 C. B. & Q. Gen. Office. 1 Babcock & Wilcox 100 2 tubular McGinnis. careful. Ind. block. very light. 40 30.2 <• Counselmati Building. Hutchinson. careful. Ind. block. medium. 40 30.2 100 % A , w DATE. NAME. BOILERS. HORSE POWER. DEVICE IN USE. MODE OF FIRING. COAL USED. CONDITION OF SMOKE. A H A « a s H 0 £ $ REMARKS. » 21 N. S. N. Side Water Works. 12 boilers, 2 with Murphy furnace i Murphy furnace. careful. hard coal, soft coal. very light. 40 30.2 “ Strom Mfg. Co. 1 tubular none. iudiff. 111. coal. very black. 40 30.2 » J. E. Dietz & Co. 2 tubular 120 Hutchinson. crowded. shavings & nut coal. black. 40 30.2 “ kinde Ice | Mach. Co. 2 tubular 100 none. light and careful. nut coal. light to medium. 40 30.2 << Armour Elevator. 4 tubular Butman. careful. Ind. block. very befit. 40 30.2 400 1 << Biegler & Tindiesen. tubular none. careless. 111. coal. very black. 40 30.2 40 2 “ Pacific Elevator. tubular none. careful. Pittsburgh. medium. 40 30.2 120 « Bemis & Curtis. tubular none. indiff. 111. coal. black. 40 30.2 50 1 22 W. S. Baragwanath & Son. tubular none. indiff. slack. black. 42 30.5 50 1 “ Ideal Folding Bed Co. tubular 5U none. careless. nut coal. black. 42 30 5 “ Chicago Malt & Grain Co. i tubular 75 none. careful. Pittsburgh. medium. 42 30.5 “ ~ Union Hide & Feather Co. 2 tubular 12o none. indiff. nut coal. black 42 30.5 « H. Paepecke & Co. 3 tubular none. crowded. shavings & nut coal. very black. 42 30.5 200 Smoke Observations, 1889.—Continued. 22 Kiltz & Mangsou. tubular DO 1 none. careless. shavings & nut coal. very black. 42 30.5 << N. Eiseudrath. tubular none. indiff. nut coal. very black. 42 30.5 60 Koenig & Gamer. tubular 100 none. careful. shavings & Ind. block. light. 42 30.5 “ Briston & Co. 1 tubular 60 none. careful. shavings & Ind. block. light. 42 30.5 “ N. S. Ernst Bros. Brg. Co. 3 tubular none. careful. Pittsburgh. medium. 42 30.5 225 “ Wolf Bros. & Nolan. 1 tubular 75 3 none. indiff. shavings & slack. very black. 42 30.5 “ Fullerton Av. Station. tubular Tinkham. ordinary. Pittsburgh. medium. 42 .‘10.5 375 “ N. W. Parlor Suit Co. tubular 150 Butman. indiff refuse and nut coal. light. 42 30.5 « Corper & Nockin. tubular none. indiff nut coal. black. 42 30.5 150 10 “ Phenix Distillery. tubular Murphy furnace. automatic. slack. very lieht. 42 30.5 1200 2 “ Geo. A. Weiss Malt H. tubular none. indiff Ind. block. black. 42 30.5 120 “ F. H. Stephens. tubular 50 none. careless. Ind. block. very black. 42 30.5 23 W. S. County Hospital. 8 tubular Hutchinson. indiff Ind. block. black. 42 30 600 3 “ Rush Medical College. tubular none. ordinary. Ind. block. medium. 42 30 120 << Chicago Hospital for 2 none. indiff Ind. block. black. 42 30 Women. 150 “ Franke & Sievers. 1 tubular 50 none. careless. shavings & nut coal. black. 42 30 35 6 as pi DATE. NAME. BOILERS. HORSE POWER. DEVICE IN USE. MODE OF FIRING. COAL USED. CONDITION OF SMOKE. s as h w « a o & pi g REMARKS. 2 S H a 2 23 Wisconsin Elevator. tubular none. careless. Pittsburgh. black. 42 30 150 2 Hoerber Brewing Co. tubular .150 12 none. indiff. Pittsburgh. black. 42 30 W. Side Water Works. tubular brick arches. crowded. Pittsburgh. black. 52 30 2500 J. S. Gougar & Co. tubular 120 none. careless. shavings & nut coal. black. 42 30 Hair & Ridgeway. tubular 250 Butman. careful. shavings & nut coal. medium. 42 30 Stephens Bros. & Co. tubular 150 none. crowded. shavings. black. 42 30 “ T. Wilce & Co. 3 tubular none. crowded. shavings. black. 42 30 120 2 “ T. Goodwillie & Co. tubular none. crowded. shavings. very [black. 42 30 150 1 T. C. Diener. tubular 75 none. careful. nut coal. medium. 42 30 « T. W. Harvev & Co. 2 tubular none. crowded. shavings. black. 42 30 150 26 Crane Bros. Mfg. Co. 4 tubular axi air blast. ordinary. hard coal screenings. light. 48 29.5 “ E. Krause & Co. 1 tubular none. careless. nut coal. very black. 48 29.5 50 2 ' ' Chicago Screw Co. tubular Butman. careful. nut coal. light. 48 28.5 120 Smoke Observations, 1889.—Continued. 4 Beidler Building. tubular Kelley. careful. Ind. block. light. 48 29.5 300 2 Frances Building. tubular Farr. indiff. nut coal. very light. 48 29.5 150 •> - “ S. K. Martin. tubular none. crowded. shavings. black. 48 29.5 150 3 “ S. B. Barker & Co. tubular none. careless. shavings. very black. 48 29.5 215 2 “ Garvyn & J«nkinson. tubular none. indiff. nut coal. black. 48 29.5 150 “ Rabbitt, Harty&Toley 2 tubular 100 none. careless. shavings & nut coal. very black. 48 29.5 ” Perren & Menzie. tubular steam jets. careful. Ind. block. light. 48 29.5 100 TOTAL NUMBER OF PLACES VISITED, 333; INCLUDING 839 BOILERS. Since this report was put in type, the examiner has inspected the Danford and Sagle Smoke Consumer at the North-Western Car Shops ; its operation i s faultless in its application to the locomotive type of stationary boiler. 37