
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:title>COVID-19 vaccination associated with reductions in COVID-19 mortality and morbidity in the United States, and an approach to valuing these benefits</dc:title>
  <dc:title>ASPE research report</dc:title>
  <dc:creator>Holtkamp, Nicholas, author.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Kolbe, Allison, author.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Beleche, Trinidad, author.</dc:creator>
  <dc:subject>COVID-19 -- epidemiology</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>COVID-19 -- mortality</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>COVID-19 Vaccines -- economics</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Hospitalization -- statistics &amp; numerical data</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Insurance Coverage</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>Morbidity</dc:subject>
  <dc:description>COVID-19 vaccines have been crucial in mitigating adverse public health and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, but uptake has varied over numerous domains, including demographic and geographic factors. Using a regression model and county-level data on vaccination rates, cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, we estimate that COVID-19 vaccination was associated with reductions of 25.32 million cases, 1.38 million hospitalizations, and 213,000 deaths in the United States between December 2020 and July 2021. Our sensitivity analyses provide a range of estimates for cases (15.70 million to 27.97 million), hospitalizations (1.10 million to 1.86 million), and deaths (178,000 to 422,000). We value the health benefits of COVID-19 vaccination based on individual willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce one’s own morbidity and mortality risks. We estimate a total value of COVID-19 risk reductions attributable to vaccination ranging between $1.38 trillion and $4.49 trillion. Using the mid-point value of the willingness to pay, the total health benefits are estimated at $2.95 trillion, including reductions in deaths (mid-point $2.45 trillion; range: $1.15 trillion to $3.74 trillion), hospitalizations (midpoint: $354.14 billion; range: $165.27 billion to $539.08 billion), and cases (midpoint: $139.96 billion; range: $65.32 billion to $213.05 billion).</dc:description>
  <dc:publisher>Washington, D.C. : Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, December 2021</dc:publisher>
  <dc:contributor>United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, issuing body.</dc:contributor>
  <dc:type>Technical Report</dc:type>
  <dc:format>Text</dc:format>
  <dc:format>Illustrations</dc:format>
  <dc:format>1 online resource (1 PDF file (40 pages))</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>nlm:nlmuid-9918574285706676-pdf</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>9918574285706676</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/9918574285706676</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>English</dc:language>
  <dc:coverage>United States</dc:coverage>
  <dc:rights>The National Library of Medicine believes this item to be in the public domain. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>