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In this paper, we show benchmark premium changes each year at the state level for 2019 through 2022, placing particular emphasis on changes between 2021 and 2022. We then present regression results that show the relationship between various factors and benchmark premium levels, seeking to explain the wide variation in premiums across all rating regions and all states. We next present regression results for the relationship between changes in premiums between 2021 and 2022 and other factors, seeking to determine the correlates of benchmark premium increases. In the third section, we provide data on changes in insurer participation in 58 markets in 25 states; the data show which insurers increased participation. Finally, we analyze increases in insurer participation and changes in premiums in large metropolitan markets in 25 states in 2022.
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