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Key Takeaways. (1) Research indicates that tiny airborne particulates of diesel exhaust, organic compounds, ash, and similar materials--known as PM2.5--can cause Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. (2) A 15-year nationwide study of Medicare beneficiaries estimates that federal standards limiting airborne PM2.5 levels led to 182,000 fewer Alzheimer's cases in 2013, producing $214 billion in benefits. (3) Despite the lack of medical treatment for dementia, additional technological innovation and environmental regulations can reduce its prevalence by improving air quality.
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