Medicare: CMS should evaluate providing coverage for disposable medical devices that could substitute for durable medical equipment : report to Congressional committees
- Contributor(s):
- United States. Government Accountability Office, issuing body. United States. Congress, issuing body.
- Publication:
- Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Accountability Office, July 2017
- Language(s):
- English
- Format:
- Text
- Subject(s):
- Durable Medical Equipment -- economics Equipment Reuse -- economics Insurance Coverage -- economics Insurance, Health, Reimbursement Medicare -- economics Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring -- instrumentation Continuous Positive Airway Pressure -- instrumentation Cost Savings Infusion Pumps -- economics Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy -- instrumentation Humans United States United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (U.S.)
- Genre(s):
- Technical Report
- Abstract:
- Why GAO Did This Study. In 2015, Medicare spent $6.7 billion for DME. CMS's definition of DME generally precludes potential disposable DME substitutes from coverage. Congress included a provision in law for GAO to review the potential role of disposable medical devices as substitutes for DME. This report examines (1) potential disposable DME substitutes and their possible benefits and limitations; (2) the incentives and disincentives stakeholders identified for developing these substitutes, including the possible influence of health insurance coverage; and (3) issues related to benefit category designation--including legal authority and potential payment methodologies--if Medicare coverage were expanded to include disposable DME substitutes. GAO reviewed agency documents and literature on disposable DME substitutes and Medicare payment policy; interviewed CMS officials; and interviewed various stakeholders, including representatives of device manufacturers, beneficiary advocates, health care providers, and insurers, for their perspectives. What GAO Found. While disposable medical devices are generally not covered by Medicare, GAO identified eight that could potentially substitute for durable medical equipment (DME) items that are covered. These disposable DME substitutes fall into existing Medicare DME categories--infusion pumps, including insulin pumps; blood glucose monitors; sleep apnea devices; and nebulizers. Stakeholders GAO interviewed identified multiple benefits of using disposable substitutes, such as better health outcomes and potential cost-savings. However, they also cited factors that limit their use, including that these substitutes may not lead to cost-savings in all cases. Stakeholders identified several market incentives, such as a growing demand, as reasons to develop disposable DME substitutes, but mostly cited lack of coverage by Medicare as a disincentive to development. Disposable DME substitutes are generally precluded from Medicare coverage under the DME benefit because they do not meet the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' (CMS) regulatory definition of "durable"--able to withstand repeated use, with an expected lifetime of at least 3 years. Stakeholders noted this also decreases their chances of obtaining coverage from other insurers, which may follow Medicare payment policy. Some stakeholders noted that CMS's DME definition is a disincentive to technological innovation, and the agency has already faced challenges making coverage decisions with some devices. According to federal internal control standards, management should anticipate and plan for significant changes using a forward-looking process, but CMS officials said the agency has not considered the possibility of reexamining its definition. As a result, the agency may not be taking advantage of the potential benefits of these devices. If Medicare coverage were expanded to include disposable DME substitutes, CMS would need to consider issues related to benefit category designation. GAO identified three possible options for covering disposable DME substitutes: an expansion of the current DME benefit, an expansion of the current home health benefit, or establishment of a new benefit category. The table lists the options GAO identified, which are not exhaustive. CMS would also need to consider its authority to provide for expanded coverage and evaluate potential reimbursement options. What GAO Recommends. GAO recommends that CMS, within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), evaluate the possible costs and savings of using disposable devices as substitutes for DME, and, if appropriate, seek legislative authority to cover them. HHS stated that such an evaluation was premature. However, GAO continues to believe an evaluation is needed to help HHS anticipate and plan for significant changes using a forward-looking process.
- Copyright:
- The National Library of Medicine believes this item to be in the public domain. (More information)
- Extent:
- 1 online resource (1 PDF file (ii, 34 pages))
- Illustrations:
- Illustrations
- NLM Unique ID:
- 101727038 (See catalog record)
- Permanent Link:
- http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101727038