[Film leader]
[Film Associates presents]
[Seagulls callingand waves crashing]
[Smoking & health: a report to youth]
[Narrator:] Have you everwondered about smoking?
Like everyone-- [Film skips]
[Up-tempo music]
[TV spokeswoman:] Wantto be young again?
To be in love--
[Couple on the beach]
[Ad music continues]
Change to Spray, the newcigarette for young Americans.
[Cigarette pack zooms out]
[Spray-- the cigarettefor young Americans]
[Narrator:] Perhaps you'vealso read the warning
on cigarette packs now requiredby the United States government
on all commerciallyproduced cigarettes.
[Caution: cigarette smokingmay be hazardous to you health]
You hear much talk thesedays about cigarettes
and their effects on health.
Parents are talking,but so are others.
The United States surgeongeneral, for instance,
issued a report thatcaused much national alarm.
It caused people of allages to think seriously
about their habit of smokingand about their health.
Young people, peoplein high schools,
have most to lose becausethey have most of the health.
[Music, "Feelin' Groovy" Simon & Garfunkel]"And you got no rhymes for me?
Doo-it-n-doo-doo, feeling groovy
[Narrator:] But obviously,nobody falls over dead
when he smokes a cigarette.
You know lots ofpeople who smoke.
You yourself may even smoke.
Some people who don't smokehave gotten lung cancer.
Although this is not common,it does add to the confusion.
Well, what are the facts?
Just what do we know aboutsmoking and its hazards
to health?
[Teens tossing a football]
What effect does smokinghave on the body?
[Animation with lungsbeing highlighted]
Air first comes through themouth or nose into the trachea.
Here it is divided intotwo bronchial tubes which
carry the air into the lungs.
The diaphragm is a sheet ofmuscles just beneath the lungs
that serves as a sortof pump or bellows.
The air is pumped into thelungs by the downward movement
of the muscles.
It works automatically.
We never have to think about it.
Inside, on the walls ofthe trachea, are the cilia.
They are microscopic in size.
But if we enlarge themthousands of times,
we would see that theylook very much like wheat
waving in a field.
Their purpose is to clean theair, sweeping dust, pollen,
and bacteria backinto the throat
so they can eventuallybe brought to the mouth.
This is what happens whena person clears his throat.
This cleaning process isaided by a very thin layer
of mucus, which is constantlycarried forward by the cilia.
Here you can see theforeign particles
falling onto the mucusand being swept forward,
much like debris swept byocean waves towards the beach.
[Ocean waves washing inland]
[Detailed drawing of lungs]
Deep inside each of the lungs iswhere air gets into the blood.
The lung is not hollow as manypeople think, but contains
small pouches called alveoli.
[Ticking sound]
The wall of each alveolusserves as a special membrane
through which oxygenenters the blood and carbon
dioxide leaves it.
The total outsidedimension of the lung
is not the important factor.
It is the vast membranearea of all the walls
of all the alveoli thatgives us the necessary space
to properly exchangeoxygen and carbon dioxide.
Scientists have calculated thatif alveoli in a healthy lung
were broken apart andplaced side by side,
they would cover an area equalto the size of this regulation
tennis court.
If a group ofalveoli in the lungs
were removed ordestroyed,
[Alerting sound effect]
the amount of membrane areaavailable to the lung
would be immediately reduced.
You have seen how each partof the respiratory system
does its own individual job.
[Heart beating sounds]
But let's go back toour original question.
Is smoking actually harmful?
[Traffic sounds]
Smoke, like a number ofother things, is an irritant.
All irritants that enter ourbreeding system are harmful.
[Jet engine]
[Rubbish can fire]
[Incinerator stacksspewing smoke]
[Man lighting-up]
But smoking is byfar the most harmful.
It not only tendsto put the greatest
number of foreign particlesin our lungs at any one time,
but these smoke particlesare also smaller.
And it is more difficultto prevent them
from reaching the lungs.
To prove this to yourself ina simple experiment, try this.
Light a cigarette and placea thickness of tissue paper
over the other end.
The dark spot you see was causedby millions of tiny particles
contained in the smoke.
There is no way to keepthese irritating particles
from getting to thelungs, even with a filter.
[Tissue paper passed around]
What do these irritantsdo to our breathing?
Since the tracheaand the bronchi
are the first partsof the system that
receive the irritantor smoke, they
are the first partsthat are damaged.
Remember the ciliafibers and their job
of keeping the trachea clean?
As these excessive gasesand particles increased,
the action of the ciliafibers slows down.
Over a period of time, theygradually wither and die.
[Winding down sound fades out]
[Glass breaking]
[Light wind chime tinkle]
Meanwhile, thebronchial tubes are
receiving thoseforeign particles
that the cilia couldn't stop.
[Light wind chime tinkle]
They, in turn, become inflamed,representing an early stage
of chronic bronchitis, or asit is sometimes more popularly
called, smoker's cough.
[Coughing]
[Light traffic, various peopleholding cigarettes]
Although it takesyears for the lungs
to become permanentlydamaged, this
is definitely the beginning.
Also, nicotine andother impurities
are now entering thebloodstream by way of the lungs.
And these, likeall other poisons,
will cause harm to the body.
What effect doesall of this actually
have on a person's life?
The first effectsa smoker notices
are relativelyminor, nothing more
than a slight coughor raw throat.
[Man shuffling throughrecord albums]
[Alarm clock buzzing]
He will also probablyexperience heavy coughing
upon awakening in the morning.
This is his body's effortto remove the mucus built up
overnight in thetrachea and bronchi,
a job usually doneautomatically by the cilia,
but now impossible due totheir damage from smoking.
Later, if hecontinues to smoke, he
may notice an actualdecrease in physical stamina.
This doesn't mean that hecan't join in athletics.
You probably knowmany smokers who do.
But most athletesagree that smoking
does impair enduranceand the ability
to excel in top competition.
[Water splashing]
An outstanding swimmerwill still be good,
but he can losethe expert breath
control needed to shave offthose extra winning seconds.
[Splashing]
He may let the team down.
[Woman runningto catch a cab]
Although this effect firstbecomes evident with athletes,
it is not limited to them.
Others notice it too, especiallyas their smoking increases.
These are early symptoms inthe lives of most smokers,
only the beginning.
[Footsteps]
Bronchitis isbeginning to set in.
Chronic bronchitis is muchmore common and dangerous
than is generally known.
As people continue to smoke,the constant irritation
causes permanent damage tobody tissues, particularly
the lungs.
If we could see them,they would appear
to be literally sprinkledwith tobacco stains,
much the same as the darkspot in the tissue made
by the cigarette inour earlier experiment.
The even morecrippling condition
called emphysema is theresult of the breakdown
in the alveoli.
When this happens,there are fewer walls
left for this exchange.[Bubble pops]
Remember our tennis court?
Breathing capacityhas now been cut.
[Bubble pops]
As more and more ofthe lung is destroyed,
the smoker gets short of breatheven with smaller amounts
of exertion.
Now normal daily activitiescan become major problems.
[Heartbeat sound]
The person is forcedto seek medical advice.
If he seeks it soon enoughand follows it carefully
his condition cansometimes be stopped
from growing worse,but unfortunately not
completely healed.
[Heartbeat sound]
Much of the harm already doneto the body is now permanent.
And he must learnto live with it.
[Heartbeat sound]
If he fails to quit smokingand to follow medical advice,
he will push this conditionuntil he can no longer remain
on his feet.
The almost inevitableresult is death.
[Physician:] As a physician withthe Public Health Service,
I work with patients withbronchitis and emphysema.
In advanced stagesof the diseases,
we see them inintensive care units.
They need mechanical aidsand oxygen to even survive.
[Physician's footsteps]
One usually thinks of bronchitisand emphysema in relation
to old people.
And to a greatextent, this is true.
However, we're seeing youngerpeople with bronchitis
and emphysema sosevere that they
do require hospitalization.
I've seen hundredsof these patients.
And I don't really haveto ask whether they've
been heavy smokers or not.
The answer is always the same.
They have been.
[Indiscriminate chatter]
[Elevator opens, then dings]
[Aids roll out a gurney]
[Narrator:] This manhas lung cancer.
Is it because hewas a heavy smoker?
Probably.
Statistics indicate an extremelyhigh causal relationship
between lung cancer and smoking.
[Surgical suite doors open]
[River water flowing]
What is the answer?
Science has demonstrateda definite relationship
between smokingand lung disease.
The evidence is overwhelming.
No doubt, some of you whosmoke don't intend to stop.
Will you get lung disease?
Chances are that you will.
[Teens climbing on river rocks]
Are you willing totake that chance?
[Boys swimming]
[Group sitting on rocks]
[Music, "59th Stret Bridge Song" by Simon and Garfunkel]
[Smoking & health: a report to youth]
[Credits]
[Singing] Slow down,you move too fast,
you got to makethe morning last.
Just kickin down thecobblestones, looking for fun
and feeling groovy.
Ba da da da da dafeeling groovy.
Hello, lamp post,what you knowing?
I come to watch yourflowers growing.
Ain't you got norhymes for me?
Doo-it-n-doo-doo, feeling groovy
Ba da da da da dada feeling groovy.
[Fade to black]
[End trailer]