PROFESSOR DIINGLISON'S CHARGE TO TIIE GRADUATES or Jefferson itleMcal College of pfyilabetpljia, March 2">. 1*17. r.ti ntRfi amoa sc WITH A LIST OF THH GRADUATES. 1 CHARGE THE GRADUATES JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PHILADELPHIA; DELIVERED MARCH 25, 1847, PROFESSOR DUNGLISON LIST OF THE GRADUATES. lublfsjjetf b$ ti)c (Kratouatfnfl ©lass. r. PHILADELPHIA: PRINTED BY JOHN C. CLARK, CO DOCK STREET. 1847. Jefferson Medical College, March 6, 1847. Prof. Dunglison, Dear Sir,—At a meeting of the Graduating Class, the undersigned were appointed a Committee to request, for publication, a copy of your Valedictory Address to be delivered at the ensuing Commence- ment. Yours, respectfully, Geo. W. Wentworth, N. H. Joseph A. Reed, Pa. Willoughby Walling, Ky. John C. Hupp, Pa. Thos. J. M'Clenahan, Ind. George Willis Foulke, Pa. C. D. Patterson, Pa. Committee. J. Dawson, British Burmah, Chairman. A. C. Murdoch, Ireland, Secretary. Philadelphia, March 8, 1847. Gentlemen,—Be pleased to express to the Graduating Class my high sense of their kindness in asking of me for publication a copy of the Valedictory Address which it will be my province to deliver to the Graduates at the approaching Commencement. Such as it may be it shall be at their service; but I can scarcely hope that it will merit so much favour as they bestow upon it in advance. Accept, gentlemen, my thanks for your agency in this matter, and believe me, Affectionately and truly, yours, ROBLEY DUNGLISON. Messrs. Geo. W. Wentworth, Joseph A. Reed, Willoughby Walling, John C. Hupp, Thos. J. M'Clenahan, George Willis Foulke, and C. D. Patterson, Committee. J. Dawson, British Burmah, Chairman. A. C. Murdoch, Ireland, Secretary. CHARGE. Graduates of Jefferson Medical College.— The last most solemn act on the part of this Institution—the conferring upon you of its highest honours—has been executed; and you have received the announcement thereof from venerable and venerated lips. The objects for which you left your homes to sojourn amongst strangers have been fulfilled, and you are ena- bled to return to them to gladden the social circle, and to rejoice with it, that the good work has been thus far accomplished. Permit me to congratulate you, not for myself alone, but in the name of the Trustees and Faculty of this College, on having at- tained the enviable distinction which has been just awarded you, and to welcome you into the ranks of a profession, of which you are all, I hope, destined to be zealous and efficient supporters. Although this day, with most of you, terminates the period which you have been able to assign to instruction in the schools, guard against the fallacy of esteeming it as the conclusion of your studies. It is, in reality, but the commencement of independent observation and reflection. Your diploma shows to a discerning public, that your minds have been well imbued with the great principles of medical science; and that you are prepared, at the outset, to profit by every opportunity for observation, and to pro- ceed to the treatment of human infirmities, guided by all the lights that illumine the profession in its present highly improved eon- (i dition: but in such a profession, demanding pre-eminently—in the language of the learned philologer and divine, Dr. Parr—"erudition and science," and "habits of deep and comprehensive thinking," he who #is laggard, and ceases to study, must consent to fall far behind his competitors, and to have his sphere of usefulness cor- respondingly diminished. At the commencement of your professional life, your time cannot be fully occupied. Opportunity will still exist to improve your knowledge on educational topics, which ought properly to be pre- liminary, but which, owing to unavoidable circumstances, may not have received from you due attention. The rich stores of informa- tion contained in the classical writings of the Grecian and Roman fathers—medicse artis principes—to be fully appreciated, should be read in the languages in which they were originally conveyed; yet in the pursuit of such a luxury, it would be unadvisable for you to dissipate that time which ought to be assigned to the attainment of what is strictly necessary. Even in the desirable there may be variety; and it may be a question with you, whether your future leisure moments may not be much more profitably devoted to the more immediately useful study of the productions of the moderns. Where translations exist, the English language communicates to the mind of the inquirer, if not the words, the thoughts of the Greek and the Roman. Many, too—perhaps most—of the best works on professional subjects that appear in the various Teutonic and Romanic tongues are speedily transferred to it. Still, what a treasure is contained in the literature, medical and general, of Greece and Rome, and in that of modern France and Germany more especially, which must forever escape one who is unac- quainted with the languages of those countries; and hence a know- ledge of them, and, if practicable, of the Italian and Spanish, be- comes, certainly not indispensable, but as certainly most advi- sable. Of what can be effected in the way of those solid accomplish- ments by enduring perseverance at the commencement of a profes- sional career, we have a signal example in Dr. John Mason Good, 7 whose name and works are familiar to all of you. At the age of fifteen he quitted the roof of his father—who had the pastoral charge of an independent church, and superintended, at the same time, the education of a few young gentlemen—to be apprenticed to a general practitioner. He had then obtained some knowledge of the Latin, Greek, and French languages; but he had received no collegiate instruction. So ardent, however, was he in the pur- suit of knowledge, and especially of languages, that we find him, in a letter to a friend written when he was twenty-five years old, and when he was engaged in the practice of his profession, stating that he had just begun the German, having mastered, with tolerable ease, the French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese. In the follow- ing year, he was sedulously engaged in the study of the Arabic, the Persian, and the Hebrew; and, at a subsequent period, the Russian, the Sanscrit, the Chinese, and other tongues, occupied his attention. But, as I have elsewhere said, we need not travel to other coun- tries for examples of what unwearied industry, aided by adequate intellectual power, is capable of accomplishing, when we have one so shining in the poor, once almost friendless, and subsequently afflicted Godman. Notwithstanding the restricted nature of his early education, he had succeeded—we are told—in acquiring such a knowledge of the Latin, Greek, French, German, Danish, Spa- nish, and Italian languages, as to read and translate them with fluency, and to write some of them with elegance. Poverty and disease could not impair his intellect, although they fettered and clogged his exertions. He lingered for years under pulmo- nary consumption; understood fully the incurable nature of his malady; spake and acted—says one of his biographers—with an unfeigned and beautiful resignation; toiled at his desk to the last day of his existence, and still glowed with the love of science and the domestic affections. His existence was of meteor-like brevity, for he died at the early age of thirty-six; but his name is enshrined in the temple of fame, in the niche devoted to the successful culti- vators of the natural sciences, of which medicine forms a part. 8 Such are the triumphs of the only real sources of true nobility— talent and virtue. Young members of a liberal profession! You are destined to take your place in society in intimate association with the wisest and the best. Spare no pains to fit yourselves still farther for so important a position. Undoubtedly, your profession should be the main object of your assiduous culture; but strive, in ad- dition, to make yourselves distinguished for your general infor- mation. Neglect not polite literature. Keep pace with the im- provements of general science, as far as may be without detriment to your main pursuit. In the ranks of your profession have flourished some of the most exalted ornaments of physical and moral science. An unfortunate impression exists, not confined, it is to be feared, to a few, that any attention paid to collateral pursuits may interfere with the practical knowledge of the physician; and hence many eminent individuals have carefully concealed their extraneous ac- complishments until their reputation in their profession had been established beyond cavil. In a pursuit so signally requiring a cultivated intellect—active and accurate powers of observation with the utmost precision of reasoning—whatever is calculated to ex- pand the mind cannot fail to be of practical advantage; and hence it is injurious and unjust to place what is termed the practical, in unworthy contrast with the learned and scientific or—as he is not unfrequently termed—theoretical physician. There can be no sound practice without theory; and I know of no greater com- pliment that could be paid you than the declaration, that whilst you are thoroughly informed in your own profession, you are familiar with the various liberal arts and sciences. The illiterate, uninformed, and self-sufficient, are accustomed to scoff at acquirements which they possess not, and to ridicule the in- formation to be derived from books—" book learning" they contempt- uously term itr—as if the perusal of the best books were not in real- ity holding communion with the best minds; and as if the lecturer 9 or speaker on any professional or other subject were not, in truth, reading from the book of his own mind; and they are apt to ad- duce the example of John Hunter, who was wont to affirm, that his great book for contemplation was the "book of Nature." Yet, if the preliminary education of Hunter had received more attention, the productions of his own pen would have been infinitely more attractive; the gnarled style and obscurity of diction, which pervade them, would have been more or less corrected, and they would have been at this day eminently worthy of being placed in the hands of the tyro, instead of being laid on the shelf, esteemed, however, as they ought to be, valuable books in which to seek for the physiological, pathological and surgical opinions of one distin- guished above all his contemporaries, for the light which he shed on various obscure points of the animal economy. It is proper, too, to remark, that in Hunter's time, there were few books in the English language on the great subjects that en- gaged his attention, which were worthy of much consideration, and that those which were written in Latin and in foreign languages, owing to the defects of his early education, were sealed books to him. " Devoted as he was to physiological pursuits"—says a biographer—" and firmly persuaded that without an improved know- ledge of physiology it would be impossible to attain to correct general principles in surgery, which he looked on as still in its infancy, he viewed with contempt those who were content to guide their practice by past experience alone, or by the erroneous theories of their ancestors. On the other hand, the majority of Hunter's contemporaries considered his pursuits to have little connexion with practice, charged him with attending to physiology more than sur- gery, and looked on him as little better than an innovator and an enthusiast." Conscious of his great mental superiority, Hunter was too apt to exhibit this in a rude and overbearing manner towards men who in station were his equals; and the same feelings led him to underva- lue the published labours of others. From his general anathema against books, he, of course, would have excepted his own; other- B 10 wise he would scarcely have laboured so strenuously to lay before the profession productions which he deemed it unadvisable for them to read. To preserve yourselves on a level with the medical litera- ture of the day, let me recommend you to peruse regularly, but with due caution in sifting the facts from the assumptions—the grain from the chaff—the pages of a good medical periodical. Whoever is remote from a large town has necessarily more or less difficulty in procuring the more ponderous works that issue, from time to time, from the press; but owing to the astonishing celerity of communication between every portion of this extensive continent, and between it and the old world, an acquaintance with the novel- ties of medical observation and reflection can be transmitted by means of the Journals with wonderful rapidity to every inquirer, no matter how distant he may be from the great centres of popula- tion. You enter upon the practical exercise of your profession at a pe- riod when its domain was never so extended. Observers, every- where, are vying with each other to enlarge its boundaries. Never has the medical mind been more energetically exerted. Forms and ceremonies, which, of old, too often retarded the course of true science, have been discarded; idle and baseless pretensions to learn- ing without wisdom, of which so many examples have existed even in more recent periods, have become unfrequent; mystery, the foster-brother of credulity and superstition, is abandoned, and with the upright and honourable physician all is open and devoid of ar- tifice. The onward course of medical science is steady, and so manifest, that to the imaginations of the ardent it has been con- ceived its velocity may be still farther augmented. Such may be the case; yet care will be required, that we do not neglect or diminish the mass of valuable regulations and materials already collected and proved by long experience to be worthy; and sub- stitute in their place others more showy and captivating, but 11 still, perhaps, untried and unfeasible. In other words, whilst we attempt to increase the velocity, let us be careful that the mo- mentum, the true measure of force, is augmented in a like ratio. In every forward movement of your profession, you will, I trust, ac- tively participate; but satisfy yourselves, first of all, that the move- ment is really salutary, its objects laudable, and that the ends, pro- posed to be attained, will compensate for the agitation and confu- sion which it almost necessarily induces. Strive to advance your profession by the exercise of your intellectual qualities; adorn it by the excellence of your moral powers. Admitted into the confidence of those who consult you; re- garded, often, not merely as the physician, but the friend of the family, on whose advice reliance may be placed on many trying occasions besides those of bodily indisposition, how weighty are your obligations to secrecy, discretion, and honour! Possessed, as you ought to be, of presence of mind, to adapt you for every sud- den and startling emergency, how indispensable are temperance and sobriety—virtues which, although expected and required of all, are peculiarly so of the physician. He must recollect that he is often the arbiter, as it were, of life or death; that the hopes of a sorrowing family are reposed on his well-directed efforts, and that a heavier weight of responsibility is cast upon him, before his Maker, than could perhaps exist in any other avocation; and let him reflect, for a moment, how utterly unfit—" with memory con- fused and interrupted thought"—he would become, to exercise a profession which requires, more than any other, accuracy of obser- vation, clearness of thought, and absence from all perplexity and unsteadiness. Let your manners and address be liberal and courteous, compas- sionate and gentle. With his wonted power of expression, yet with his wonted sarcasm, the leviathan of English literature desig- nated the profession of physic as "a melancholy attendance on misery, a mean submission to peevishness, and a continual inter- ruption of pleasure;"—yet did he at the same time admit, that "every man has found in physicians great liberality and dignity of 12 sentiment; very prompt effusion of beneficence, and willingness to exert a lucrative art, where there was no hope of lucre." Repeatedly will you be doomed to contradictions, disappoint- ments, and ingratitude. Constantly will you have to gratify whims and caprices, often of the most unreasonable character; but accus- tom yourselves to bear those evils with equanimity. " Expe- rience"—it has been well said—" demonstrates, that a gentle and humane temper, far from being inconsistent with vigour of mind, is its usual attendant; and that rough and blustering manners gene- rally accompany a weak understanding and a mean soul, and are, indeed, frequently affected by men void of magnanimity and per- sonal courage, in order to conceal their natural defects." Men have risen to unusual eminence in their profession by rare endowments, when their manners were coarse and presumptuous; but the cases are uncommon. The examples of Radcliffe, John Hunter, and Abernethy, have exerted a baneful influence on many a youthful aspirant for distinction, to whose minds it may not have occurred, that those gifted individuals would have attained, more rapidly, at least as high an elevation in the estimation of the pro- fession, and a far larger amount of success with the public, had they possessed those refined gentlemanly feelings and conciliatory manners, which win a way for their possessors in every station of life, and are the cause of their frequently leaving far behind them those who are endowed with superior talents and acquirements. "He," says Bacon, "that is only real had need have exceeding great parts of virtue, as the stone had need be rich that is set without foil." To all of you, however various may be the extent of your abili- ties, the pathway for professional usefulness and distinction is open. It is one, however, that is not always smooth and strewed with flowers: ------" Rugged places lie between Adventurous virtue's early toils And her triumphal.throne." 13 Difficulties and privations beset your course; yet patient and abiding industry will bear you forward, and enable you to sur- mount all obstacles. Unflinching devotion to your profession; conduct humane, charitable, and without reproach; a gentle, sym- pathizing demeanour; entire freedom from envy, hatred and ma- lice, and all uncharitableness towards your fellow men, and espe- cially towards your professional brethren; and a rigid observance of the heaven-descended invocation of "peace and good will towards men," can scarcely fail to lead you to distinction; but should in- evitable circumstances prevent this desirable consummation, you will have the heartfelt consolation of knowing that you have done all in your power to merit it; and to be regarded, at the close of, I trust, a long life, as the skilful, upright, benevolent, conscien- tious, and "beloved physician." I know not that I could place before you a more encou- raging example of what devotion to one pursuit, in the absence of transcendent abilities, is capable of accomplishing, than in the picture which has been sketched by Lord Brougham of an honoured member of a sister profession, who, by his own well directed exertions, succeeded in attaining one of the highest dig- nities in the gift of his sovereign. " The contemplation of Mr. Justice Park's rise and success in life," says his lordship, " is calculated to be of material service, and to exercise a salutary influence over the minds of by far the most numerous class of well educated society. His talents were not above mediocrity, unless that he was endowed with natural quickness, and had some power of steady application. He had nothing profound in the cast of his thoughts; nothing remarkably perspicacious; no fury, no fire, no natural dignity or grace, except what a good voice and an unconstrained action bestowed. He had amassed no store of legal learning; he had no classical, no scientific attainments; he was without fortune, without rank, without any po- litical or powerful connexions; yet did he live as happy and as respectable a life, for above half a century that he was in the pro- fession, as any man could desire; and after having been one of its II leading members, he sat for four and twenty years on the bench, with the just reputation of being a good judge. He enjoyed large emoluments, high rank and general respect. To what did he owe these valuable possessions? To ho rare genius, or even great talents, or extraordinary accomplishments, but to prudent conduct, sufficient but not excessive industry, steady attention bestowed upon one object—that object being his profession, from which nothing, either in politics or in literature or in amusement, diverted him; to uniform suavity of demeanour, to constantly making in business the success of his cause the paramount object, and never being drawn aside from the point of his client's interest by any selfish feeling of feeding his own vanity, or making any sacrifices either to amusement or to display. Such sacrifices, such gratifica- tions, may with more safety be indulged, when the gifts of genius or commanding eloquence accompany the more homely powers which common business requires. Even then they are perilous relaxations from the severity of forensic discretion. But where such rare endowments are wanting, their place being supplied by prudence and by conduct, the ample measure of success, which Mr. Justice Park reached, may be pronounced as of tolerably certain attainment." Graduates! Yesterday we held the relation towards each other of preceptor and pupil. To-day we are equals—members of the same great fraternity. You go abroad as the representatives of the largest medical class, and are yourselves the largest class of gra- duates, that has ever graced the halls of Jefferson Medical College, or of any similar institution in the country. Those halls, so re- cently replete with emulous activity, are now deserted; but the melancholy engendered by their still and void condition is dimi- nished by the consolatory and inspiriting reflection, that in a few months the busy, animated scene, will be renewed; and that from them, as from a centre, intellectual and moral irradiations have pro- ceeded, and will proceed, which may excite corresponding activity and usefulness in every part of this wide-spread country. 15 You are here from regions widely distant from each other—not from "Greenland's icy mountains," but from "India's coral strand" —for one of you is from remote Burmah. Representatives, too, are amongst you from Ireland, Canada, and New Brunswick, and from most of the States of this Union. Of those on whom the degree of Doctor of Medicine has been this day conferred, seventy-two have spent one scholastic year in other incorporated institutions:—one in the Medical Department of Bowdoin College, Maine; two in that of Dartmouth College, New Hampshire; two in the Berkshire Medical Institution, Massachu- setts ; three in the Medical School of Castleton, Vermont; one in Geneva Medical College, New York; three in the University of New York; and two in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of that city; seven in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania; and one in Pennsylvania Medical College; one in the Medical Department of the University of Maryland; and one in that of Washington University of the same State; six in that of Hampden Sidney College, at Richmond, Virginia; and fifteen in that of the University of Virginia; six in the Medical College of South Carolina; three in the Medical College of Georgia ; eight in the Medical Department of the University of Louisville; and three in that of Transylvania University, Kentucky; four in the Medical College of Ohio; one in Willoughby Medical College; one in the Medical Department of the Western Reserve College, at Cleveland, Ohio; and one in the Medical College of Louisiana. The afflux hither from other institutions must continue. It has been annually on the increase; and at no time, perhaps, has the ratio been as great as during the past session. The multiplication of medical schools, instead of diminishing the number of those that seek instruction in this city, augments it; for the facility of inter- course between the most distant places is so great, that a journey to Philadelphia is now within the means of a large proportion of medical students: hence it is, that so many visit her to pass at least one winter, in order that they may enjoy those ample oppor- tunities for full medical instruction, which have obtained for her the 16 character of being the great centre of medical education on this side of the Atlantic. As graduates of this College, you carry with you a testimonial, which "inter nos et ubique gentium"—at home and abroad—will obtain for you all the rights and privileges that attach to the di- ploma of any similar institution in the land. Go forth, then, as honourable members of a profession, which, by Christian and Painim, has been esteemed one of the most godlike of human avo- cations; as upholders of the dignity of your alma mater; and as skilful, benevolent, and sympathizing aid-bearers—opiferi per orbem —to your fellow man. Take along with you the blessings of those whose delightful duty it has been to instruct you. May your re- turn to your homes—to those who are anxiously waiting to clasp you to their bosoms—be safe and joyous. May no domestic afflic- tion intervene to mar the felicity of that reunion; and may the Almighty vouchsafe to prosper you in every laudable undertaking. Farewell! GRADUATES OF JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PHILADELPHIA, March, 1847. At a Public Commencement held on the 25th of March, 1847, the Degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred on the following Gentlemen, by the Rev. C. C. Cuyler, D.D. in the absence of the Rev. Ashbel Green, D.D., LL.D., President of the Institution; after which a Charge to the Graduates was delivered by Professor Dunglison. Name. Addison, Robert K. Ashley, William Atkinson, Edward C. Baker, Andrew J. Barber, John E. Barclay, Michael W. Bates, Solomon A. Beale, Stephen T. Bell, William S. Billups, Robert A. Blackburn, Joseph W. Boone, James, Bournonville, Aug. C. H. Boutelle, Nathaniel R. Briceland, J. Milton Briggs, Henry C. Brown, Marcus A. Burton, John J. Byers, William J. Carter, John Chambers, William H. Chapman, Charles G. Clapp, William A. Clarke, John E. Clary, Charles S. Cobb, Benjamin F. Cobb, Henry Coleman, James W. Craige, Thomas W. Curtis, Levi Dawson, John De Hart, John N. E. Derr, Rufus M. Dillard, Peter H. Dowell, Greensville Dubois, John Treon State. New Brunswick. Georgia. Pennsylvania. New Hampshire. Pennsylvania. Virginia. Virginia. Pennsylvania. Tennessee. Alabama Pennsylvania. Maryland. Pennsylvania. Maine. Virginia. Virginia. Ohio. Virginia. Pennsylvania. Virginia. Virginia. Connecticut. Indiana. North Carolina. Kentucky. North Carolina. Virginia. Virginia. Pennsylvania. Connecticut. East Indies. Louisiana. Virginia. North Carolina. Tennessee. Ohio. Subject of Thesis. C General Relations of the Organs of ( the Human Body. The Pulse. Conception. C Effects of Kindness and Mental / Emotions on Health and Dis- ( ease. Intermittent Fever. Iodine. Cholera Infantum. Caries of the Teeth. Carcinoma of the Mamma. Cutaneous Absorption. Bronchocele. Phenomena of Death. Tetanus. Cynanche Trachealis. Pleuritis. Intermittent Fever. Present Spirit of Medical Inquiry. Hysteria. Acute Hepatitis. Fractures. Urethritis. Jaundice. Scrofula. Dysentery. Congestive Fever. Placenta Prsevia. The Atmosphere. Purpura. Treatment of Variola. Human Reproduction. Philosophy of Medicine. Gonorrhoea. Scrofula. Intermittent Fever. The Blood. Malaria of the Miami Valley. 18 Name. Eastman, Henry Edwards, James Eichelberger, Lewis S. Eliason, Talcott Few, Samuel F. Flippen, Marion J. Floyd, James B. Folsom, Lewis A. Foulke, George W. Franklin, George A. Fuller, Smith Funkhouser, David Gaines, James S. Garlick, John W.. Gayle, Charles M. S. Geiger, Henry Gibbon, Robert Glassell, Albert S. Glentworth, William W. Gosweiler, Martin H. Hackett, Thomas Hancock, Francis W. Harry, Benjamin F. Hawkins, Alexander B. Hilbish, Daniel J. Hogg, Thomas D. Hollinsworth, Joseph Hough, De Witt C. Hunton, George W. Hupp, John C. Hutcheson, Thomas D. Irwin, Crawford Jackson, Isaac Jackson, James C. Jameson, Samuel D. M. Joy, Horatio N. Keeney, Jackson P. Kerr, John G. Kilby, John T. Kincaid, John Kurtz, William J. Lamb, William D. Lewis, Joseph Addison Lindsay, Horace F. Linn, Alexander E. Locke, Samuel T. Lyon, Emory M'Chesney, William S. M'Clenahan, Thomas J. M'Cullough, Thomas P. M'Ferran, Joseph A. New Hampshire. Pennsylvania. Virginia. Virginia. Virginia. Virginia. Virginia. Georgia. Pennsylvania. Maryland. Pennsylvania. Virginia. Tennessee. Virginia. Virginia. Pennsylvania. North Carolina. Virginia. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Maryland. Virginia. Pennsylvania. North Carolina. Pennsylvania. North Carolina. North Carolina. Pennsylvania. Virginia. Pennsylvania. Georgia. Subject of Thesis. i Causes influencing the Action of i Therapeutic Agents. Inflammation. Pneumonia. Coxalgia. Phenomena of Labour. Atonic Dyspepsia. Acute Peritonitis. Intermittent Fever. Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever. Intermittent Fever. Gastritis. Delirium Tremens. Hysteria. Anasarca. Phlegmasia Dolens. Vix Medicatrix Naturae. Uterine Hemorrhage. ' Causes and Treatment of Intermit- tent Fever. Modus Operandi of Medicines. Acute Rheumatism. Erysipelas. Pneumonia. Bilious Remittent Fever, as it pre- vailed in Franklin County, Pa. Gastro-enteritis. Erysipelas. Iritis. Bilious Remittent Fever. Symplocarpus Fcetidus. Rubeola. Traumatic Hemorrhage. Scarlatina. Pennsylvania. Iodine. Pennsylvania. New Hampshire. Maryland. New York. Pennsylvania. Ohio. Virginia. South Carolina. Virginia. Massachusetts. Missouri. North Carolina. Pennsylvania. New Jersey. Massachusetts. Virginia. Maryland. Ohio. Delaware. M'Guigan, William W. Pennsylvania. Scarlatina. Progress of Early Medical Science. Goitre. Pneumonia. Influence of Cold. P-eflex Functions of the Spinal Cord. Dyspepsia. Modus Operandi of Nervines. Intermittent Fever. £ Physical Diagnosis of Pneumonia \ and Pleuritis. Puerperal Peritonitis. Remittent Fever. Vaccinia. Is Phthisis contagious ? Rubeola. Mania a Potu. Lithuria. Bilious Remittent Fever. Intermittent Fever. S Differential Diagnosis of Typhoid ( and Typhus Fever. 19 Name. M'Kenney, Jackson L. Marshall, John H. T. Marshall, William Martin, George Meeteer, William H. Mehard, Samuel S. Miller, James L. Miller, Langdon Millner, Jesse L. Moore, Bird Moore, John R. Murdoch, Andrew C Neff, Benjamin Nisbet, John T. O'Farrell, Henry T. O'Rorke, James Patterson, Ashmore P. Patterson, Robert M. Patton, Thomas Pendleton, Samuel H. Perkins, W. Charles Polk, Thomas G. Pratt, Bryce M. Quinby, Watson F. Reading, John R. Reed, Joseph A. Reid, John Richardson, John Riely, John D. Rochelle, John R. Rouanet, William P. Royer, B. Franklin, Russell, William A. Rutter, John R. Barton St. Clair, Thomas Scott, Isaac Scroggs, Andrew A. Jr. Shelmerdine, Robert Q. Sinex, William G. Smith, Elias Ely Smith, James Dickson Smith, Robert M. Spears, Thomas M. Spencer, James L. Stark, Horatio Starry, John D. Stephenson, Robert G. Steptoe, Henry C. Stith, Robert A. Stokes, Josiah H. Stout, Daniel M. Strong, John M. Sudler, William J. State. Virginia. Maryland. Delaware. Virginia. Delaware. Pennsylvania. South Carolina. Mississippi. Virginia. Tennessee. Virginia. Ireland. Ohio. Georgia. New York. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Georgia. Virginia. North Carolina. Delaware. Tennessee. Virginia. Delaware. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Canada, West. Pennsylvania. Virginia. Virginia. Louisiana. Pennsylvania. Tennessee. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Virginia. North Carolina. Pennsylvania. Indiana. Pennsylvania. Georgia. Georgia. Virginia. Virginia. Mississippi. Virginia. Pennsylvania. Virginia. Virginia. South Carolina. New Jersey. South Carolina. Maryland. Subject of Thesis. Acute Hepatitis. Dyspepsia. Emetics. Electro-negative Bodies. C Relation between Pulmonary and I Cardiac Disease. Croup. Insanity. Typhoid Fever. Iodine and its Medicinal Properties. Intermittent Fever. Phrenitis. Signs of Pregnancy. Rational Medicine. Cynanche Trachealis. < Influence of the Mind upon the \ Body. Dyspepsia. Study and Practice of Medicine. Delirium Tremens. < Mineral Springs of Western Vir- l ginia. Theses. Scarlatina. Lithotomy. Scarlatina. Heat and Motion. C Influence of the Uterus over the I Female Economy. Pneumonia. Spontaneous Aneurism. Typhoid Fever. Uterine Hemorrhage. Intermittent Fever. Typhoid Fever. Traumatic Hemorrhage. Morbus Brightii. Acute Pleuritis. Dysentery. Acute Dysentery. Calorification. Neuralgia. Hemorrhage. Icterus. C Mutual Relation between the Car- l diac and Pulmonary Organs. Tetanus. Acute Peritonitis. The Urine. Progress of Medicine. Scarlet Fever. Intermittent Fever. Typhoid Fever. Delirium Tremens. Gonorrhoea. Epilepsy. Quinia a Sedative. Congestive Remittent Fever. 20 Name. Thorn, Allan C. Tingley, William H. Tinsley, Thomas Torrey, Noah Trafton, Charles T. Trammell, Appling D. Trenchard, J. Franklin Turner, Thomas H. Turpin, Thomas J. Van Buskirk, William A. Van Valzah, Thomas Van Voorhis, John S. Walker, Calvin H. Walling, Willoughby Wallop William J. H. Ward, Isaiah Wathen, Athanasius Watkins, Henry A. Watson, Edward H, Weaver, John Wentworth, George W. Wheeler, Claudius B. Wheet, Thomas Whiteside, Philip S. P. Wiley, George Williams, Elisha Williams, George M. Williams, James Williams, Willis A. Willkings, William C. Willson, Richard T. Wilson, James R. Wimley, George W. Wortham, Robert T. Yates, La Fayette Yerkes, Harman State. Virginia. Pennsylvania. Virginia. Massachusetts. Maine. Alabama. New Jersey. North Carolina. Virginia. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Tennessee. Kentucky. Virginia. Pennsylvania. Indiana. Virginia. s Pennsylvania. \ Pennsylvania. < New Hampshire. North Carolina. New Hampshire. Pennsylvania. New Jersey. North Carolina. Georgia. Tennessee. \ Virginia. North Carolina. Virginia. I Tennessee. Pennsylvania. Virginia. Kentucky. Pennsylvania. Subject of Thesis. Uterine Hemorrhage. Traumatic Hemorrhage. Congestive Remittent Fever. Phthisis Pulmonalis. Hepatitis. Sthenic Hyperemia. Vis Medicatrix Naturae. Theses. Scarlatina. Cholera Infantum. Puerperal Convulsions. Peculiarities of the Female System. Typhoid Fever. Erysipelas. Acute Rheumatism. Luxations. Acute Gastritis. Therapeutical Properties and Ap- plications of Mercury. Granular Degeneration of the Kid- ney. Psychology in its relations to Me- dicine. Inflammation. Fermented Liquors and Tobacco. Anchylosis. Intermittent Fever. Apoplexy. Acute Laryngitis. Diagnosis of Scarlatina. Physiological Effects of Cold Wa- ter. Urethritis. Scarlatina. Diatheses of Gout, Rheumatism, and Urinary Calculi. Circulation of the Blood. Variola. Circulation. Syphilis and Gonorrhoea. Influence of Civic Life on Health. The degree of Doctor of Medicine was also conferred on Benjamin F. Keene of Georgia, and A. H. Baker, of Ohio; and the ad eundem degree of Doctor of Medi- cine on Robert C. Martin, M.D. of North Carolina, and William J. Weaver M.D. of Indiana. Number of Graduates, 181. Number of Students, session 1846-7,—493. Robert M. Huston, M.D. Dean of the Faculty, No. 1 Girard Street.