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         CHARTER,


    ORDINANCES AND BY-LAWS
             OF THE

COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS

             OF

       PHILADELPHIA,

    As Amended June 2nd, 1886.
NON SIBI SED TOTI.
          PHILADELPHIA:
     BURK & McFETRIDGE, PRINTERS.
             188G.

AUG  3,950 
W'B
CGSIo
            NATIONAL LIBRARY  OF  MEDICINE
                   WASHINGTON, D.  C.


  The College was instituted in January, 1787, and incorporated
in March, 1789 ;  the Ordinances and By-Laws were revised and
finally adopted July, 1840; since which time various additions
and amendments have been made to them, all of which are in-
corporated in the present revised edition. 
CONTENTS.
                                               PAGE.
Charter  ...........  5
Ordinances and By-Laws.
     Chap. I. Members and Membership  .    .    .    .10
          II. Officers of the College and their Duties    . 15
         III. The Council.......19
         IV. Meetings........22
          V. Standing Committees.....24
         VI. Committee of Publication   .    .        .24
        VII. Library Committee.....25
        VIII. Rules for Government of Library     .    . 26
         IX. Committee on the Mutter Museum    .    . 28
          X. Hall Committee......32
         XL Committee on the Directory for Nurses    . 33
        XII. Committee on Finance.....33
        XIII. William  F. Jenks Prize Committee    .    . 34
        XIV. Committee on Entertainments   .    .    .34
        XV. Neglect of Duty......35
        XVI. Special Committees.....35
       XVII. Rules of Order......36
      XVIII. Code of Medical Ethics.....39
        XIX. Revision and Enactment of Ordinances and
               By-Laws.......62
List of Presidents........64
Officers and Standing Committees for 18S6    .    . 65
List of Fellows, Associate Fellows and Corres-
   ponding Members,........66 
 
CHARTER.
 An Act for the Incorporation of the College
        of Physicians of Philadelphia.
   1. Whereas, the Phsyicians of Philadelphia, in-
 fluenced by a conviction of the many advantages
 which have arisen from literary institutions, have
 associated themselves under the name and title of
 The College of Physicians of Philadelphia .*
   2. And whereas, the objects of this College are to
 advance the science of medicine, and thereby to
 lessen human misery, by investigating the diseases
 and remedies which are peculiar to this country; by
 observing the  effect of different seasons, climates,
 and situations upon the human body; by recording
 the changes which are produced in disease by the
 progress of agriculture, arts, population, and man-
 ners; by searching for medicines  in the American
 woods, waters, and in the bowels  of the earth ; by
 enlarging the avenues to knowledge from the dis-
 coveries and publications of foreign countries; and
 by cultivating order and uniformity in the practice
 of physic :
  3. And whereas, the said College of Physicians
have prayed us, the Eepresentatives of the Freemen 
6
 of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, that they
 may be created a body politic and corporate, for-
 ever, with such powers, privileges, and immunities
 as may best answer the laudable purposes which
 the members thereof have in view; wherefore, to
 assist and  encourage the said College of Physi-
 cians, in  the  prosecution and advancement of
 useful knowledge for the benefit of their country
 and of mankind,
  4. Be it enacted, and it is  hereby  enacted, by the
 Representatives of the Freemen of the Commonwealth
 of Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met, and by the
 authority of the same, That the members of the  said
 College of Physicians, that is to say, John Redman,
 John Jones, William Shippen, Jun., Adam Kuhn,
 John Morgan, Benjamin Rush, Samuel Duftield,
 Gerardus .Clarkson, George Glentworth, Thomas
 Parke, James Hutchinson, Robert Harris, John
 Carson, Benjamin Duffield, William W.  Smith,
 John Foulke, Samuel Powel  Griflitts, William
 Clarkson, William Currie, Benjamin Say, Andrew
 Ross, John Morris, Nathan Dorsey, James Cunn-
 ingham, Caspar Wistar, Jun., Michael Leib,  and
 John H. Gibbons, be, and the  same persons  are,
 and shall be, a body corporate and politic in deed
 and  in name, by the name and style of " The
 College of Physicians  of Philadelphia,"  and
by the same name, they and their successors  are
hereby constituted and  confirmed one body cor-
porate and  politic in law, to have perpetual suc-
cession, and to be able and capable to have, hold 
7
and enjoy any goods and chattels, lands, tenements,
rents, hereditaments, gifts, and bequests, of what
nature soever, in fee simple, or for term of years,
life or lives, or otherwise;  and also to grant, sell,
alien, assign, or let the same lands, tenements,
and  premises,  according to  the  nature  of the
respective grants and bequests made to the said
corporation, and of the  estate  of the said corpora-
tion therein;  provided, that  the  amount  of the
clear yearly value of such real estate exceed not
the sum of five hundred pounds, lawful money of
this  commonwealth.
   5. The said corporation be,  and shall be forever
hereafter, able and capable in law, to sue and be
sued, plead and be impleaded, answer and  be an-
swered  unto, defend and be defended, in all or any
courts of justice and other places, in all manner
of suits, actions, complaints,  pleas,  causes,  and
matters of what nature or kind soever; and that
it shall and  may be lawful to and for the said
corporation, forever hereafter, to  have and use a
common seal, and the  same seal, at the will  and
pleasure of the said corporation, to break, change,
alter, and renew.
   6. For the well ordering of  the said corporation
and its affairs, there  shall be, at  all times here-
after, the following officer of the same; that is
to say,  one President, one Vice-President, four
Censors, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, who shall
be chosen, annually, from amongst the Fellows of
the said College of Physicians, on the first Tuesday 
8
in the month  of July for ever hereafter* or within
one calendar'month  after the same day, in any
year; and that John Redman be the present Presi-
dent of the said College; John Jones, the present
 Vice-President;  William Shippen,  Jun.,  Adam
Kuhn, Benjamin Rush, and Samuel Duffield, the
present  Censors; Samuel  Powel  Griffitts,  the
present Secretary; and  Gerardus Clarkson,  the
present Treasurer of  the said  College; and shall
be  and remain  the  President, Vice-President,
Censors, Secretary,  and  Treasurer, respectively,
of the said College, until they be superseded by a
new election to be made by the Fellows of the said
College as aforesaid;  and all  vacancies by death,
resignation, or otherwise, wrhich shall at any time
hereafter  happen in  any of the said offices, may
be filled by a special election, to be holden so often
as occasion shall  require.
   7. The  authorities and duties of the officers of
the said corporation  who are hereinbefore men-
tioned, and of any others which the said corpora-
tion shall  see fit  to appoint, the times of  meeting
of the said corporation, the admission of members,
and the  other concerns of  the said corporation,
shall  be regulated by the By-laws and Ordinances
of the said corporation, heretofore made or to be
made, touching the premises.
   8. Provided always, That no By-laws nor Ordi-
nances of the said corporation,  hereafter made
  * By a decree of the Court of Common Pleas, Dec. 3d, 1855
the clause in Italics was altered to read as follows :  Wednesday
in the month of January next, and annually thereafter. 
9
shall be  binding upon the officers  or members
thereof, unless the same shall be proposed at one
regular meeting of the said corporation, and enacted
and received at another, after the intervention of
at least thirty days.  And that no sale, or aliena-
tion, or lease for above three years, of any part of
the real  estate  of the  said  corporation,  shall be
valid, unless the terms  and nature of such sale or
lease be proposed at a previous meeting of the said
corporation.
              Signed by order of the House,
                    Richard Peters, Speaker.

  Enacted into a law, at Philadelphia, on Thurs-
day, the twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of
our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-
nine.
                    Peter Zachary Lloyd,
                 Clerk of the General Assembly.
1* 
ORDINANCES  AND  BY-LAWS.
               CHAPTER I.
          MEMBERS AND  MEMBERSHIP.
  1.  The College shall consist of Fellows, Asso-
ciate Fellows, and Corresponding Members.
  2.  The  Fellows  shall be  physicians,  of  good
character  and  professional  standing,  residing
within the city  of  Philadelphia, or within thirty
miles thereof, in the State of Pennsylvania, over
twenty-four years of age, and graduates of at least
five years' standing.
  3.  The Associate Fellows shall be distinguished
foreign or American physicians, residing beyond
the limits  of Philadelphia.
  4.  The Corresponding Members shall be foreign
or American physicians,  residing beyond the
limits of Philadelphia, and shall be  selected be-
cause of their  devotion to medical science, and
with a view to advance the interests for which the
College was founded.
  5.  No person who gives his support to any sys-
tem of practice which tend.s to weaken or diminish
public confidence in the science of medicine,  or
in the medical  profession; or who, by advertise-
ment or other  improper  means, announces  his 
11
claim to superior qualifications in the treatment
of disease, or  of a  particular  disease or class of
diseases;  or who holds a patent or a part of a
patent for a surgical instrument; or who enters
into an agreement  with  an apothecary  with  a
view to pecuniary  profit  or to professional pa-
tronage ;  or  who  gives  to one apothecary the
formula  of a  prescription  which he  refuses to
give to others  ; or who deals in secret  medicines,
or publicly recommends them, shall be eligible to
be a Fellow, Associate Fellow, or Corresponding
Member of the College.  Any Fellow, Associate
Fellow, or Corresponding Member who shall be
found  guilty  by  the Censors of having violated
any of these provisions, shall forfeit his member-
ship in the College: Provided, however,  that an
appeal from the decision  of the Censors shall be
permitted in this, as in all other cases.
   6. Candidates for Fellowship, Associate Fellow-
ship, or Corresponding Membership, may be pro-
posed  in writing, by three Fellows, at any stated
meeting  of the College.   Every  proposition for
Fellowship shall be referred  to the Council, and
upon its favorable recommendation the candidate
shall be eligible for election at any stated  meet-
in^ ;  but no proposition  shall be submitted to a
vote unless it shall have been read at three suc-
cessive stated  meetings of the College, and unless
proper notice of the  candidacy shall have been
given, and unless there are present at least twenty
qualified  voters, when, if four-fifths of the ballots 
12
cast be favorable to the candidate, he shall be de-
clared duly elected.
  7.  No candidate who is rejected shall be again
proposed within the twelve months following the
date of such rejection.
  8.  The names of the persons proposed as can-
didates for Fellowship, Associate Fellowship, or
Corresponding Membership, shall not  be entered
on the minutes of the  College, unless  the said
candidates are elected.   In case of the rejection
of any candidate,  the paper containing his nomi-
nation shall  be destroyed immediately after the
ballot.
  9. No person elected shall acquire the rights of
Fellowship  until  he has signed the  Ordinances
and By-laws, and  paid the entrance fee;  and the
omission of such  signing and payment until the
expiration of three months after his election, shall
render his election void.
   10.  The entrance fee shall be twenty-five dollars,
payable on or before signing the Ordinances and
By-laws.  The annual contribution shall be fifteen
 dollars, payable in advance, in three equal  instal-
 ments, at the  stated meetings in January, May,
 and September respectively; but no entrance fee
 and no annual contribution shall be  required  of
 those  Fellows, not  exceeding five in number  at
 any one time, who  have been  recommended by
 the Council, and approved by the  College,  as
 deserving such distinction, on  account of their
 scientific attainments, or of their services  to the
 College. 
13
  11. A  Fellow on the payment in  one sum of
two hundred dollars, provided he be not in arrears
at the time, shall  be exempt from all annual
contributions during the continuance of his Fellow-
ship.   All sums so paid shall be invested by the
Treasurer, under the direction of the Committee
on Finance, as  a permanent fund; and only the
income thereof shall be used.
  12. Any Fellow  who fails to pay his annual
contribution, shall, at the expiration of two years,
be formally notified thereof by the Treasurer, and
if he then fails to  make  payment within thirty
days, he shall forfeit his Fellowship,  and it shall
be the duty of the Treasurer to give notice thereof
at the next stated meeting of the College: Provided,
however, that if any Fellow shall be absent from
Philadelphia, for twelve  consecutive months or
more, a deduction shall be made from the amount
of his annual contribution, corresponding to the
duration of his absence.
  13. No Fellow who may  remove  permanently
from the United States, or who may remove from
the city  of Philadelphia,  to reside at a distance
exceeding  thirty miles from  the city, shall  in
consequence of  such removal, forfeit his Fellow-
ship ; but he shall be exonerated from the payment
of the annual contribution after his formal notifi-
cation to the  Secretary  of the College  of his
change of residence.
  14. No Associate  Fellow  or Corresponding
Member who may come to reside within the limits 
14
of the city of Philadelphia, shall be admitted to
Fellowship in the College without being proposed
anew and elected as a Fellow.
   15. The number of Associate Fellows shall not
exceed fifty,  twenty of whom  may be foreigners.
   16. Associate Fellows and Corresponding Mem-
bers may attend the meetings  of the College and
participate in  its discussions, but shall  not  be
allowed  to take part  in  the  transaction  of  its
private business.
   17. Every Fellow, Associate Fellow, and  Cor-
responding Member of the College shall receive
a certificate  of Fellowship according  to the an-
nexed form,  signed by the President, Vice-Presi-
dent, Censors, and Secretary, and having the seal
of the College affixed thereto.
Nos, Prceses, Viec-Prceses, Censoresque Collegii 3fedi-
   corum Philadelphia)sis, omnibus ad quos hcec per-
   venerint, salutem.

   Testamur------------------------virum doctum
et medicince peritum,  nostri Collegii Socium  ------
adscriptum fuisse, omnesque ejus honores et privileqia,
jure riteque consecufum esse.   In cvjus reifidem hisce
Uteris, Collegii sigillo munitis, nomina nostra subjici-
mus.
   Datum Philadelphia^,         Anno Bomini 18
               q o^ft-f------------Prceses.
                                     ■ V. Prceses.

                                      Secretarius.
 
15
  18.  The signing of the Constitution adopted in
1787,  shall be deemed equivalent to a subscription
to the Ordinances and By-laws of the College in
force for the time being.
  19.  When the  announcement  is made to the
College of the death of a Fellow, it shall be entered
upon the minutes, and a Fellow shall be appointed
by the President, whenever the Censors shall so
recommend, to prepare a memoir of the  deceased.
              CHAPTER II.
  OFFICERS OF THE COLLEGE AND  THEIR  DUTIES.
  1. The officers of the College, designated by its
Charter, namely,  a President, a Vice-President,
four Censors, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, shall
be nominated on the first Wednesday in December
of each }'ear, and elected annually, by  ballot, on
the first Wednesday in January, or within one
calendar month thereafter.  No Fellow shall be
eligible to the office of President for more than
three years in succession.
  An Honorary Librarian, a Curator, a  Recorder,
two Councillors, to serve for three years, and the
Members  of the  several  Standing Committees,
except the Committee on Finance, the Committee
on Entertainments, and the Committee on the
William F. Jenks prize, shall be annually nomi-
nated and elected at the same  time and in the
same manner as prescribed  for the election of the
Officers designated by the Charter of the College. 
16
  Any vacancy may be filled by special  election,
of which due notice shall be given ; but no Fellow
shall be eligible for election to any office or elec-
tive Standing  Committee, who has not been duly
nominated at a stated meeting previous to that at
which the election is held.  Any vacancy occur-
ring in an appointed Standing Committee shall
be thereupon filled by the President.
  At each annual or special election the Secretary
shall provide  a sufficient number  of ballots con-
taining: the names  of  those Fellows who have
been duly nominated for election to any office or
Standing Committee.
  The voter shall erase from his ballot all names,
except those of candidates for whom he  wishes to
vote.   If more names of those nominated for any
office than there are places to be filled  are allowed
to remain, the ballot as regards that office shall be
rejected.

  2. The  President shall have general  supervision
of the affairs of the College, maintain order at the
meetings, sign all warrants on the Treasurer, duly
ordered by the  College, and deliver  an Annual
Address at the stated meeting in December.  He
shall  have power to call special meetings at his
own discretion ; and it shall be his  duty to call
them, when requested to do so in  writing by six
Fellows.  He shall  be notified of the times of
meeting of all Standing Committees, and have a
right to attend the same. 
17
   3. The Vice-President shall perform  the duties
of the President in the absence of the latter officer,
or at his request when present.   In the absence of
both  the President and Vice-President, a Chair-
man for the meeting shall be elected viva voce.
   4. The Censors shall hear all charges  that may
be preferred against  a  Fellow; and shall report
thereon to the College at its next stated meeting.
When,  however, a Censor is one of the  parties
concerned, the charge shall be referred to a com-
mittee of  three Fellows chosen by ballot, who
shall act as Censors pro hdc vice.
   5. The Treasurer shall have  the custody of all
papers relating to the finances of the College; he
shall  collect  and receive all moneys  due to the
College, and  shall disburse them only upon  a
warrant ordered by the College and signed by the
President, or by the Chairman  of the meeting at
which the warrant was ordered; and these warrants
shall be the vouchers for his expenditures.  At the
stated meeting in  December, he shall present an
annual  report,  embracing  a statement of  the
finances of the  College, and an estimate of the
income  for the  ensuing year,  together with an
estimate of the expenses of his office for the same
period.
   6. The Secretary shall  keep correct  minutes of
the proceedings of the  College, and  after their
approval, shall enter them in a book provided for
the purpose.   He shall keep a list of the Fellows,
Associate Fellows, and  Corresponding Members, 
18
with a record of the residence, the date of the
election, and the time of the death, resignation,
or loss of Fellowship of each.  He  shall  have
the custody  of all the records ;  and shall keep in
regular files, properly labelled, all documents and
papers, belonging to the College, not otherwise
provided for.   He shall  notify the Officers and
members of Standing Committees of their election;
also the Chairman of every Special Committee of
his appointment, and shall furnish each Chairman
with the names of his associates and a copy of the
resolution   under which  they were  appointed,
together with the  documents  necessary  for the
proper performance of its duties. He shall transmit
to  the  Council, copies  of all propositions for
Fellowship  in the College.  He shall notify the
Fellows of all propositions for Fellowship and the
dates of the meeting of the Council at which the
proposition will'be acted upon, and he shall also
notify the Fellows of the names of all candidates
who have been  recommended  by the Council for
election by the  College.   He shall furnish certifi-
cates  of  Fellowship to  newly-elected  Fellows,
Associate Fellows, and Corresponding Members;
and perform all other duties  appropriate to his
office, which may be imposed upon him by any
ordinance or resolution of the  College.
   At the stated meeting in December, he- shall
present a  report containing a statement of the
Fellowship of the  College, of the attendance at
 the meetings, and such other information as may 
19
be deemed proper,  together with an estimate of
the expenses of his  office for the ensuing year.
  7. The  Recorder  shall  keep full  and accurate
minutes of the scientific proceedings of the College,
and enter them, after approval, in a book provided
for the purpose.   He shall  take charge  of  all
scientific papers read and intended for publication.
He shall  record all verbal  communications  on
professional  subjects,  and  prepare  a  faithful
summary  of the discussions thereon; such papers
and  record of communications and  remarks,  he
shall, under  the direction of the Committee of
Publication, and  after  revision by their authors,
arrange and prepare for publication  in the Trans-
actions  of the College.  He shall be, ex officio, a
member of the Committee of Publication.
  8. The  Honorary  Librarian shall be  ex officio a
member of the Library Committee, and under its
authority  he shall have a general superintendence
of the Library and  direction of all  persons em-
ployed therein.
              CHAPTER III.

                 THE COUNCIL.
  1. The  Council shall consist of the President,
Vice-President, Censors, Secretary, Treasurer, the
Honorary Librarian, the Recorder, and the Chair-
men of the Standing Committees, with six Coun-
cillors.  Of the Councillors, two shall be annually 
20
elected at the stated meeting in January, to serve
for three  years; and  they shall be ineligible for
re-election until they have been out of office for a
year.
   2. The  Council  shall  hold a  stated  monthly
meeting on a day not less than one week preced-
ing the stated  monthly meeting  of the  College.
It shall be presided over by the President of the
College, and the Secretary, acting as Clerk, shall
keep  correct  minutes  of its  proceedings,  and
report its conclusions to the  College.  It shall
receive and consider all information in reference
to qualifications of persons proposed for Fellow-
ship.  All communications made to the Council
in reference thereto shall be considered as strictly
confidential.  At each stated monthly meeting of
the Council, the members shall vote separately by
ballot for each candidate for Fellowship, whose
name shall have been reported by the  Secretary
of the College, as  having been submitted to the
Fellows in accordance with the By-laws; the votes
of seven members  of the Council shall be requisite
for, and three negative votes shall preclude from
favorable  recommendation to the College.  The
Council shall, however, have power at its  discre-
tion to postpone until its next stated meeting  final
action  upon  a proposition for Fellowship.   It
shall at once give notice thereof to the signers  of
the proposition for Fellowship upon which action
has been  postponed, together with such further
information  as  it  may deem  proper.   Any two 
21
 of the proponents may withdraw their proposition
 at any time before final action by the Council.

   3. After  the limit of Associate  Fellowship  is
 reached, the Secretary of the College shall file
 away, in the order of their reception, all proposi-
 tions for Associate Fellowship ;  and when  a
 vacancy occurs, he  shall notify the Council  and
 the Fellows of the  names of the candidates, as
 hereinbefore provided.

   4. The Council shall have general supervision
 of the affairs of  the College, consider all ques-
 tions that may be referred to it, and report to the
 College, in  writing, its decision thereon.  It shall
 submit to the College, from time to time, such sug-
 gestions as it shall believe adapted to promote the
 objects for which the College was instituted.

  5. The Council may at any time  call a special
 meeting of the College.

  6. The place of any Fellow  elected to  the
 Council shall be considered vacant, should he at
 any time be elected to another office making him,
 ex officio, a member  of the  Council, and shall be
 filled by special election, as hereinbefore provided.
 The holding of an office constituting any Fellow
a member of the  Council shall preclude his elec-
tion as a Councillor. 
22
              CHAPTER  IV.
                   MEETINGS.
  1. The Stated  Meetings of the  College  shall he
held on the  first  Wednesday in every  month,
excepting July and August, at eight o'clock, P. M.
At this hour, or as soon thereafter as a quorum,
which  shall consist of seven Fellows, shall have
assembled, the meeting shall be  organized.
   2. The Order  of business shall be—
     1st. The  reading of the minutes of the last
           stated  and special  meetings  for  ap-
           proval or correction.
     2d. Introduction of newly-elected Fellows.
     3d. A nnouncem ent of additions to the Library
           and to the Museum.
     4th. Written communications.
     5th. Verbal communications.
         Private business.
     6th. Nominations.
     7th. Elections.
     8th. Report of the  Council and of  Com-
           mittees.
     9th. Stated business; deferred business; new
           business.
   3. At the  stated meeting in December, the
President  shall deliver  his  annual  address; the
Treasurer, the Secretary, and all Standing Com-
mittees, except  the Committee  on Finance, shall
present their  annual reports.  Each  of them, ex-
cepting the Committees on the Mutter Museum and 
23
the William F. Jenks prize, shall present an esti-
mate of its expenses for the ensuing year.  Nomi-
nations of Officers, Councillors, Honorary Libra-
rian, Recorder, and members of elective Standing
Committees for the following year, shall be made.
   4.  At  the  stated  meeting  in  January, the
Committee on Finance shall  present  its annual
report; the annual appropriations shall be made;
the  Officers and  members of the elective Com-
mittees of the College for the current year, shall
be balloted for.
   5.  At the  stated  meeting in February, the
President shall appoint the Committee on Finance,
the Committee on Entertainments, and every third
year the William F. Jenks Prize Committee.
   6.  At the stated meeting in March, of every third
year, after 1864, a lecturer on Surgical  Pathology
shall be nominated and appointed.
   7. No business shall be transacted at any special
meeting except that for which it was called.
   8. At the stated meetings,  except during the
consideration of the private business of the College,
strangers  may  be present on the invitation of a
Fellow who shall  present  them to the  President,
and shall be held responsible for the character and
professional standing of  the persons introduced
by him. 
24
               CHAPTER V.
            STANDING  COMMITTEES.
  1.  The  Standing Committees  of  the  College
shall be:—
      I. A Committee of Publication.
     II. A Library Committee.
    III. A Committee on the Mutter Museum.
    IV. A Hall Committee.
     V. A Committee on the Directory for Nurses.
    VI. A Committee on Finance.
   VII. A Committee on the W.  F.  Jenks Prize.
  VIII. A Committee on Entertainments.
  2.  The  first, third, fifth, sixth  and seventh of
the said Committees shall consist each  of three
Fellows;  the  eighth, of four  fellows;  and the
second and fourth, each of five Fellows.
  3.  All business of the Standing  Committees,
requiring  action by the College, shall first be laid
before the Council.
              CHAPTER VI.
          COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION.
  1. It  shall be  the duty of the Committee of
Publication  to  revise  and  issue, from  time to
time, Transactions  of the College,  which  shall
comprise, as far  as the Committee may deem
expedient :   1.  Written  communications ;  2.
Verbal  communications;  and,  3. An abstract of
discussions. 
25
  2. No paper read before the College shall be
published elsewhere  than  in the  Transactions
without  the consent  of the  College,  or  of the
Committee of  Publication.
  3. The Transactions, as soon as published, shall
be distributed by the Secretary  of the College,
without charge, to each of the Fellows, Associate
Fellows, and Corresponding Members.
  4. The Committee of Publication shall present
to the College at the stated meeting in December,
an annual report, with a statement  of its receipts
and expenditures, and an estimate of its expenses
for the ensuing year.
              CHAPTER  VII.

            THE LIBRARY COMMITTEE.
   1. The Library Committee shall have charge
 of the Library, and  shall report  upon its condi-
 tion, annually, at the stated meeting in December,
 and  at the same time submit an estimate of its
 expenses for the ensuing year.
   2.  The Library Committee annually in  January
 shall appoint an Assistant  Librarian, and report
 the appointment to  the College.   The Assistant
 Librarian shall act  as secretary  of the  Library
 Committee, and shall perform all duties pertaining
to his office under the direction of the  Library
Committee and the Honorary Librarian.   He shall
keep a record of the titles of all books purchased
    2 
26
for the Library, or presented to it, together with
the names of the donors, and transmit a copy of
the same to the  Secretary of  the College for
presentation at its stated meetings.   He shall duly
acknowledge all gifts to the Library.  He shall be
on  duty daily (Sundays and other legal holidays
excepted) between  such hours as  the  Library
Committee may  prescribe, and shall  issue  and
receive books in accordance with the regulations
embraced in  Chapter VIII.  He shall receive such
salary as the College  may from time  to time
determine.
   3. The Library Committee and the  Committee
on the Directory for Nurses in joint meeting, shall
appoint  annually in January a person to act as
Assistant in  the Library and as Secretary of the
Directory for Nurses.
             CHAPTER  VIII.
  RULES FOR THE  GOVERNMENT OF THE LIBRARY.
  1.  Fellows shall be allowed  to take  books out
of the Library with such exceptions and  under
such rules as from time to time the Library Com-
mittee may make :  Provided, that no Fellow shall
be allowed to take out at any one time more than
one folio or quarto, or three octavos, duodecimos,
or bound  periodicals without special permission,
as hereinafter stated ; or to retain the same, without
renewal for a longer period than two weeks.   The 
27
 Assistant Librarian shall register the titles of the
 books taken out, with the name of the Fellow to
 whom loaned, and the dates at which they were
 taken out and returned.
   2.  Special permission to take out more than the
 above mentioned number of books may be granted
 upon a written application approved by two mem-
 bers of the Library Committee.
   3.  If any Fellow retain the book or books bor-
 rowed by  him longer than two weeks, without
 renewal, he shall  pay a fine  of twenty cents for
 every week each volume is so retained.
   4. No Fellow shall be allowed to use the Library
 while any fines due by him  remain unpaid.
   5. If a book be lost by a Fellow, he shall either
 replace it, or pay the value thereof, or of the set
 of books to which it belongs, as the Library Com-
 mittee may decide.
   6. All books shall be returned to the Library
 before the  stated  meeting  in November, at  the
 discretion of the Library Committee, to enable the
 Committee to make its annual report.
   7. The Assistant Librarian, as soon as practi-
 cable  after the receipt of the current journals and
 new publications, shall make such arrangements
 as will enable the Fellows to consult them.
  8. Visitors introduced by Fellows shall be al-
lowed to  consult books in the Library rooms, in
accordance with  the rules  adopted from time to
time by the College or the Library Committee. 
28
              CHAPTER  IX.

      COMMITTEE ON  THE MUTTER MUSEUM.
  1. The Committee on the Mutter Museum shall
have a general supervision of the Museum, and
shall take  all such  measures as may be deemed
expedient for its preservation and increase.
  2. " Free access to the Museum and prepara-
tions shall be given to every regular graduate  in
medicine, and to every student of medicine, with-
out charge or fee, subject to  such regulations as
the College may deem necessary for the preserva-
tion of order, and  that other persons may be ad-
mitted on the presentation of a ticket bearing upon
it the signature of any Fellow of the College."
  " Proper accommodations, such as chairs, tables,
pen, ink, and paper, shall always be present in the
Museum for  those who may be  inclined to draw
or describe any of  the preparations."
  " No one shall be permitted to remove from the
College Building, except for  necessary repairs or
preparation,  any article belonging  to the said
Mutter Museum, after the same shall have  been
deposited there."
  3. The Chairman of the Committee shall receive
the income of the trust fund presented to the Col-
lege by Dr. T. D. Mutter; which income shall be
disbursed by the Committee, under the supervision
of the College, in accordance with the agreement
made between the  College and Dr. Mutter  as 
29
 recited in  the deed of trust to the Pennsylvania
 Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting
 Annuities,  executed  by Dr.  Mutter  and wife,
 December the eleventh, A. D.  1858, namely:
 " 1. For the salary of a Curator $300 per annum.
 2. For the salary of a Lecturer $200 per annum.
 And the remainder of said income to the prepar-
 ing, fitting up, keeping in  order, increasing, and
 insuring of pathological and anatomical prepara-
 tions and specimens,  illustrative  of surgery and
 medicine, drawings, models, casts, and other like
 matters, which are intended to form the Museum."
  4. The Committee shall report,  annually, to the
 College, at the stated meeting  in December, the
 condition of the Museum; and  from time to time
 shall suggest such measures as may be considered
 advisable for increasing the value and  usefulness
 of  the  collection.   And semi-annually,  at the
 stated meetings in December and  June, the Com-
 mittee shall render to the  College an account of
 all  its  expenditures on  account of the Museum
 and Lectureship.
  5. A Curator shall be appointed annually in the
 month  of February,  on the nomination  of the
 Committee of the Mutter Museum, who shall not be
 limited, in  the choice, to Fellows  of the College.
  6. The Curator shall have general charge of the
 Mutter  Museum, and shall prepare, or have pre-
pared, such  pathological specimens and perform
such other duties as the Committee may  direct. 
30
He shall label  and keep a correct catalogue of
articles presented to the Museum, with the name
of the donor conspicuously attached  to each, to-
gether with, as far as practicable, a record of its
history; and shall  report  the new donations at
each  stated meeting  of  the College.   He  shall
attend at the Museum, for the accommodation of
visitors and students, on  such days  and at  such
hours  in every week as  may be directed by the
Committee on  the Mutter Museum.  On  such
occasions he shall remove and replace specimens,
afford all necessary information to students and
other visitors-, and preserve order among those in
attendance.
  The Curator shall  receive for his  services the
sum of $300, annually, to be paid to  him, by the
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Mutter
Museum,  out  of the income  of  the trust  fund
presented to the College by Dr. Mutter.
  No  Professor, or  Lecturer,  on  Surgery, or
Medicine, shall be eligible as Curator.
  7. It shall be the  duty of the Committee to
nominate,  at the  stated  meeting in March of
every third year after 1864, a person to deliver a
course of at least  ten lectures on some subject
connected with  surgical pathology: Provided, that
the same  Lecturer shall  not  be nominated twice
in succession.
  8. The Committee shall determine the time for
the delivery and the duration of the  course;  and
make all proper arrangements for attaining the
objects of the Lectureship. 
31
  9. The  lectures shall be  delivered within the
College Building: and the Lecturer shall have the
use of the Museum for the purpose of illustrating
them.
  10. The Lecturer shall be permitted to charge
persons, not Fellows of the College, attending his
lectures a fee  of five to ten dollars, as he may
himself determine.   He shall, however, distribute
" ten gratuitous tickets to poor but well educated
and moral students of regular medicine, whom he
may select at will."
  11. The Committee shall  see that  the lectures
are delivered in accordance with the terms of the
agreement between the College and Dr. Miitter,
and that each  FelloAv is supplied with a ticket of
admission.
  12. Upon the favorable report of the Committee,
the College shall direct an order to be drawn upon
the Chairman  of the Committee on  the  Mutter
Museum in favor of  said Lecturer for the sum of
£200, to be  paid out of the income of the trust
fund presented to the College by Dr. Miitter.
  13. Whenever lectures so delivered are pub-
lished, their title shall indicate distinctly that they
are the  " Mutter Lectures," delivered under the
auspices of the  College of Physicians of Phila-
delphia, and the  Lecturer  shall deposit a copy
thereof in the  Library of the College within thirty
days after their publication. 
32
               CHAPTER X.

               HALL COMMITTEE.
  1. The Hall Committee  shall have charge of
the Hall of the College, and of all property therein
not  otherwise provided for, subject to  such in-
structions as the College may give.
  2. Under general instructions of the College, it
shall have power to grant the use  of the apart-
ments  in  the Hall for scientific,  literary, and
philanthropic purposes, upon such conditions as
the Committee may deem satisfactory.  Provided,
however, that the occupation of such apartments
shall not interfere  with the convenience of the
College.

  3. The Hall Committee shall employ a Door-
keeper for the Hall, who shall receive specimens
for  the Mutter Museum, act as Messenger, and
perform all other duties that may be required of
him in the general service of the College.

  4. The  Hall  Committee shall  present to the
College, at the stated meeting in  December, an-
nually,  a  report  of its proceedings, and of the
condition of the Hall, and at the same time submit
an estimate of the sum  required for its care and
preservation for the ensuing year, 
33
              CHAPTER  XL
   COMMITTEE  ON THE DIRECTORY FOR NURSES.
  1.  The Committee on the Directory for Nurses
shall have charge of the Directory, and make all
rules necessary for its management.
  2.  It shall report annually in December its pro-
ceedings, with a  statement of the progress and
condition of the Directory, including its  receipts
and expenditures, and pay to the Treasurer of the
College, for the use of the Library, such  portion
of its receipts as the  Committee shall consider
expedient.
  3.  The Committee on  the Directory for Nurses
and the Library Committee in joint meeting shall
appoint annually, in  January, a  person to act as
Assistant in the Library and as  Secretary of the
Directory for Nurses.
             CHAPTER  XII.
            COMMITTEE  ON FINANCE.
  1.  The President annually, in  February, shall
appoint three Fellows,  who, with the President
and Treasurer, ex officio, shall constitute the Com-
mittee on Finance.
  2.  Annually in December it shall audit the ac-
counts of the Treasurer and of the Standing Com-
mittees, and report the result at the stated meeting
in January.
    2* 
34
  3.  All appropriations asked for in the annual
reports of the Standing Committees shall be sub-
mitted to the Committee on Finance for examina-
tion, and report in January.
  4.  No Officer  or Committee  shall incur  any
indebtedness for which an appropriation has not
been previously made.
             CHAPTER XIII.
    THE WILLIAM F.  JENKS PRIZE COMMITTEE.
  The William F. Jenks  Prize  Committee shall
consist of three Fellows, who shall serve for three
years.  It shall  be appointed by the  President,
with the advice  and consent of the Trustees of
the William F.  Jenks Memorial  Fund,  at the
stated meeting in February, and every three years
thereafter.   It shall  have full power to arrange
all details connected with the selection of subjects
for dissertation and reward, and also for awarding
of prizes as provided for in the deed of trust.
             CHAPTER  XIV.
        COMMITTEE ON ENTERTAINMENTS.
  The President annually, in February, shall ap-
point four Fellows, who, with the President, ex
officio, shall constitute the Committee on  Enter-
tainments.  It  shall have charge of all arrange-
ments relating  to entertainments ordered  by the
College, the expenses of  which shall be  defrayed 
35
out of the income of the Weir Mitchell Entertain-
ment Fund.
              CHAPTER  XV.
               NEGLECT OF DUTY.
  1. Any Officer, Member of the  Council, or
Member of a  Standing Committee,  who  shall
neglect  the discharge  of his duty during twelve
months  in  succession, except  on account of ill
health or absence from the city, shall be disquali-
fied for re-election.  And it shall  be the  duty of
the  Clerk of the Council and of the Chairman of
the Standing Committees to report the delinquents
of the preceding year to the College immediately
before each annual election.
             CHAPTER  XVI.
              SPECIAL  COMMITTEES.
  1. The President shall appoint all Special Com-
mittees, unless it  be otherwise ordered by the
College.
  2. The first named Fellow shall be the Chair-
man of the Committee, and shall see  that its duties
are duly performed.
  3. Special Committees shall report at the stated
meeting  immediately succeeding their appoint-
ment, unless it be otherwise determined by a reso-
lution or  a  law of the College.  Their reports
shall be made in writing, and signed by a majority
of the Committee. 
36
           CHAPTER XVII.

               RULES OF ORDER.

  1.  No questions shall be considered open for dis-
cussion, except when brought forward by motion
duly made and seconded, and then distinctly stated
by the presiding officer.   The name of the mover
of each motion must be entered upon the minutes.
  2.  Every motion shall be reduced to writing by
the mover, if the presiding officer or any Fellow
request the same.
  3.  Any Fellow may call for the division of a
question, provided it comprehend more than one
distinct proposition.   A motion to strike out and
insert shall be deemed indivisible; but a motion
to strike out shall not preclude either amendment
or a motion to strike out and insert.
  4.  The mover, with the consent of the seconder,
may withdraw any motion previously to its amend-
ment, commitment, or to the question upon its final
passage being put by the presiding officer.
   5.  When a Fellow speaks, he shall stand up,
addressing himself to the presiding  officer, and
confining himself strictly to the question under
consideration.

   6. No Fellow shall be interrupted while speak-
ing,  except by a call to order. 
                   CHAPTER XVII—DISCIPLINE.
    Sec. 1. Charges of conduct unbecoming a Member may be made against
either a  Fellow, an Associate Fellow or a  Corresponding Member  of  the
College.   Such charges shall be in  writing and signed by at least one Fellow,
and shall be made directly to the Censors.  The charges shall be investi-
gated by the Censors in whatever manner they may deem wise ; after which
they may in their discretion report the result  of their investigation  to  the
College, with or without a recommendation of discipline.   Prodded, that no
report shall be made  to the College without  the accused  having had  an
opportunity to appear before  the Censors and defend  himself  from  the
charges preferred.
    Sec.  2.  The College, after receiving the report of the Censors, may dis-
cipline the accused Fellow, Associate Fellow or Corresponding Member, by
censure, by suspension  or by expulsion.
    Sec. 3.  Motions touching questions of discipline shall be voted upon by
ballot.  A motion to censure shall  be adopted it a majority of the votes cast
he affirmative.  A  motion to suspend or to  expel shall be  adopted if two-
thirds of the votes cast  be affirmative, not less than twenty  Fellows voting ;
but no motion to expel  shall be acted upon at the same meeting at which it
has been introduced, nor unless due notice thereof has been given in the call
for the meeting at which action is to be taken upon said proposition.
   Sec.  4. Suspension shall, during its continuance,  deprive the person sus-
pended of all the privileges of membership.  In case  of expulsion all the
ights of membership pertaining to the person expelled shall vest in the Col-
ege.
   Sec. 5. In any case in which the Censors recommend discipline the ac-
used shall be informed of the recommendation, and  shall be offered  an
pportunity to make before the College a statement, oral or written, in regard
o the same ; but he shall  be required to withdraw from the meeting before
be College proceeds to deliberate and act upon his case.
   Sec. 6. Any Fellow, Associate  Fellow or Corresponding  Member who is
ader suspension may be restored by the College, on the recommendation of the
ensors, by a two-thirds vote, not less then  twenty Fellows voting.
   To change the numbers of succeeding Chapters to XVIII, XIX and XX. 
 
37
   7. The presiding officer shall decide all questions
of order-unless an appeal be made to the College;
in which case the Fellow appealing shall first state
his reasons for the appeal, and then the presiding
officer his reasons in support of his decision; but
no further debate shall be allowed.
  8. No Fellow  shall  be allowed  to speak more
than twice upon  the same question, without per-
mission being granted him by the  College.
  9. Whilst a question is under consideration, no
motion shall be received excepting to adjourn, to
lay the subject upon the table, to postpone, to refer
to a committee, or to amend;  which several mo-
tions shall have precedence in the  order in which
they are named.
  10. A motion  for adjournment  shall always be
in order, except  when the  College  is voting  on
another question, or while a Fellow is speaking.
  11. A motion  to  amend an amendment  is in
order, but not one to amend an amendment to the
amendment.  The  question on the  amendment
shall be decided before that on the main question.
  12. No motion shall be received  to postpone the
motion  under discussion for the purpose of intro-
ducing a substitute.
  13. A motion  for postponement shall preclude
commitment; and one for commitment shall pre-
clude amendment, also, a decision  on the original
question. 
38
  14. Motions for postponement, to lay upon the
table, and for adjournment, shall always be deter-
mined without debate.
  15. A motion which has been negatived, cannot
be again brought forward at the same meeting,
excepting upon a motion to reconsider.
  16. No question shall be reconsidered, excepting
on the motion of two Fellows who voted with the
majority when the question was decided;  and un-
less  submitted at the meeting at which the same
has been discussed.
  17. When a blank is to be filled, the question
shall be first taken on  the  largest sum,  greatest
number, and remotest period.
  18. Two Fellows may demand the yeas and nays
on any question which is not required to be decided
by ballot, and have them entered upon the minutes.
The presiding officer in such cases shall always
vote last.
  19. No order shall be taken upon the report of
any special committee, excepting to refer it back to
the committee, to lay it upon the table, or to obtain
the sense of the  College in relation to the resolu-
tions appended thereto.
  20. The presiding officer shall not discuss any
subject  while in  the chair,  but may assign his
reasons  on deciding a question of order.  He  shall
have no vote excepting on a ballot, or upon a call
for the yeas and  nays. 
39
             CHAPTER  XVIII.
              CODE OF MEDICAL ETHICS.
 OF THE  DUTIES OF PHYSICIANS TO THEIR PATIENTS,
   AND OF THE OBLIGATIONS OF PATIENTS TO THEIR
   PHYSICIANS.

    Art. I.—Buties of physicians to their patients.
   § 1. A physician should not only be ever ready
 to obey the calls of the sick, but his mind ought
 also to be imbued with the greatness of his mission
 and the responsibility he habitually incurs in its
 discharge.   Those obligations are the more deep
 and enduring, because there is no tribunal other
 than his own conscience to adjudge penalties for
 carelessness or neglect.  Physicians should, there-
 fore, minister to the sick with due impressions of
 the importance of their office; reflecting that the
 ease, the health, and the lives of those committed
 to their  charge, depend  on their skill, attention,
 and  fidelity.  They should study,  also, in their
 deportment,  so  to unite  tenderness with firmness,
 and condescension with authority, as to inspire the
 minds of the.ir patients with gratitude, respect and
 confidence.
   § 2.  Every  case committed to  the  charge  of a
physician should be treated with attention, steadi-
ness, and humanity. Reasonable indulgence should
be granted to the mental imbecility and caprices
of the sick.   Secrecy and delicacy, when required 
40
by peculiar circumstances, should be strictly ob-
served; and the familiar and  confidential inter-
course to which physicians are admitted in their
professional visits, should be used with discretion,
and  with the most scrupulous  regard to fidelity
and honor.   The  obligation of secrecy extends
beyond the period of professional services; none
of the privacies of personal and domestic life, no
infirmity  of disposition or flaw of character ob-
served during professional attendance should ever
be divulged by  the physician except when he is
imperatively required to  do so.  The force and
necessity of this obligation are indeed so great that
professional men have, under certain circumstan-
ces, been protected in their observance of secrecy
by courts of justice.
  § 3.  Frequent visits to the sick are in general
requisite, since they enable the physician to arrive
at a  more  perfect knowledge  of the disease—to
meet promptly every change which may occur, and
also tend to preserve the confidence of the patient.
But  unnecessary visits are to  be avoided, as they
give useless anxiety to the  patient, tend to diminish
the authority of the physician, and render him
liable to be suspected of interested motives.
   § 4.  A physician should not be forward to make
gloomy prognostications, because  they savor of
empiricism, by magnifying the  importance of his
services in  the treatment or cure of the disease.
But he should  not fail,  on  proper occasions, to
give to the friends of the  patient timely notice of 
41
 danger when it  really occurs;  and even to the
 patient himself,  if  absolutely necessary.   This
 office, however, is so peculiarly alarming when
 executed  by him, that it  ought to be  declined
 whenever it can be assigned to  any other person
 of sufficient judgment and delicacy.    For the
 physician should  be the minister of hope  and
 comfort to the sick; that, by such cordials to the
 drooping spirit, he may smooth the bed of death,
 revive expiring life, and counteract the depressing
 influence  of those maladies which often disturb
 the tranquillity of the most resigned in their last
 moments.   The  life of a  sick  person can  be
 shortened, not only  by  the  acts, but also by the
 words or the manner of a physician.  It is, there-
 fore, a sacred duty7 to guard himself carefully in
 this respect, and to avoid all things which have a
 tendency to discourage the patient and to depress
 his spirits.

  § 5.  A physician ought not to abandon a patient
 because the case is deemed incurable ; for his  at-
 tendance may continue to be highly useful to the#
 patient, and comforting to  the  relatives around
 him, even in the last period of a fatal malady, by
 alleviating pain  and  other symptoms, and  by
 soothing mental anguish.   To decline attendance,
 under such circumstances, would be sacrificing to
fanciful delicacy and mistaken  liberality,  that
moral  duty, which  is  independent  of, and  far
superior to, all pecuniary consideration, 
42
  § 6.  Consultations should be promoted in diffi-
cult or protracted cases, as-they give rise to confi-
dence, energy, and more enlarged views in practice.
  § 7.  The  opportunity  which  a physician  not
unfrequently enjoys of promoting and strengthen-
ing the good resolutions  of his patients, suffering
under the consequences of vicious conduct, ought
never  to  be neglected.    His counsels, or even
remonstrances, will  give satisfaction, not offence,
if they be proffered with politeness, and evince a
genuine love of virtue, accompanied by a sincere
interest in the welfare of the person to whom they
are addressed.

Art.  II.—Obligations of patients to  their physicians.
  § 1. The members of the medical profession, upon
whom is enjoined the performance of so many im-
portant and arduous duties towards the community,
and who are required to make so many sacrifices of
comfort, ease, and health, for the welfare of those
who avail themselves of their services,certainly have
a right to expect and require, that their  patients
should entertain a just sense of the  duties which
they owe to their medical attendants.
  § 2.  The first duty of a patient is to select as his
medical adviser one who has received a regular pro-
fessional education.   In no trade or occupation do
mankind rely on the skill of an untaught artist;  and
in medicine, confessedly the most difficult and intri-
cate of the sciences, the world ought not to suppose
that knowledge is intuitive. 
43
   § 3.  Patients should prefer a physician Avhose
habits  of life are regular, and who is not devoted to
company, pleasure, or to any pursuit incompatible
with his professional obligations.  A patient should,
also, confide the care of himself and family, as much
as possible, to one physician; for a medical man who
has become acquainted with the peculiarities of con-
stitution, habits, and predispositions of those he at-
tends,  is more likely to be successful in his treat-
ment than one who does not possess that knowledge.
   A patient who has thus selected his  physician,
should always apply for advice in what may appear
to him trivial cases, for the most fatal results often
supervene on the slightest accidents. It is of still
more importance that he should apply for assistance
in the  forming stage of violent diseases;  it is to a
neglect of this  precept that medicine owes much of
the uncertainty and imperfection with which it has
been reproached.
   § 4.  Patients should faithfully and unreservedly
communicate to their physician the supposed cause
of their disease.   This is the more important, as
many diseases  of a mental origin simulate those
depending on  external causes, and yet  are only to
be cured by ministering to the mind diseased.   A
patient should never be afraid of thus making his
physician his friend and adviser; he should always
bear in mind  that a medical man is  under  the
strongest obligations of secrecy.   Even the female
sex should never allow7 feelings of shame or deli-
cacy to prevent their disclosing the seat, symptoms, 
44
and causes of complaints peculiar to them.   How-
ever commendable a modest reserve may be in the
common occurrences of life, its strict observance
in medicine is often attended with the most serious
consequences, and a patient may sink under a pain-
ful and loathsome disease, which might have been
readily prevented had timely intimation been given
to the physician.
  § 5.  A patient should never weary his physician
with a tedious  detail  of events  or  matters  not
appertaining to his disease.  Even as relates to his
actual symptoms, he will convey much more  real
information by giving  clear answers to interrog-
atories, than by the most minute account of his
own framing.  Neither should he obtrude upon
his  physician the details of his business nor the
history of his family concerns.
  § 6.  The obedience of a patient to the prescrip-
tions of  his physician should  be  prompt  and
implicit.   He should never permit his own crude
opinions as to their fitness to influence his attention
to them.  A failure in  one particular  may render
an otherwise judicious  treatment dangerous, and
even fatal.  This remark is equally  applicable to
diet, drink, and exercise.  As patients become con-
valescent, they are very apt to suppose that the
rules prescribed for them may be disregarded, and
the  consequence,  but  too often, is  a  relapse.
Patients should never allow themselves to be per-
suaded to take any medicine whatever, that may
be recommended to them by the self-constituted 
45
 doctors and doctresses who are so frequently met
 with, and who pretend to possess infallible reme-
 dies for the cure of every disease.  However simple
 some of their prescriptions may appear to be, it
 often happens that they are productive of much
 mischief, and in all cases they are injurious, by con-
 travening the plan of treatment  adopted by the
 physician.
   § 7. A patient should,  if possible, avoid even
 the friendly visits of a physician who is not attend-
 ing him—and when he  does receive  them, he
 should never converse on the subject of his disease,
 as an observation may be  made, without any in-
 tention of interference, which may  destroy his
 confidence in  the  course he is pursuing, and in-
 duce him  to neglect the  directions prescribed to
 him.  A patient should never send for a consulting
 physician without the express  consent of his own
 medical attendant.  It is of great importance that
 physicians  should act in  concert;  for, although
 their  modes of treatment may be attended with
 equal success when employed singly, yet conjointly
 they7 are very likely to be  productive of disastrous
 results.
  § 8. When a patient wishes to dismiss his physi-
 cian, justice and common courtesy require that he
 should declare his reasons for  so doing.
  § 9. Patients should always, when practicable,
 send for their physician in the morning, before his
usual  hour of going out; for, by being early aware
of the visits he has to pay during the day, the 
46
physician is able to apportion his  time in such a
manner as  to  prevent an interference of engage-
ments.   Patients  should  also  avoid calling  on
their medical adviser  unnecessarily  during the
hours  devoted to  meals or sleep.   They should
always be in readiness to receive the visits of their
physician,  as  the  detention of  a  few minutes  is
often of serious inconvenience to him.
   § 10. A  patient should after his recovery, enter-
tain a just and enduring sense of the value of the
services rendered  him by his physician; for these
are of such a character, that no mere pecuniary
acknowledgment can repay or cancel them.

OF THE  DUTIES OF PHYSICIANS TO EACH OTHER, AND
           TO  THE  PROFESSION AT LARGE.

   Art. I.—Butiesfor the support of professional char-
acter.
   §  1. Every individual, on entering the profession
as he becomes thereby entitled  to all its privileges
and immunities, incurs an obligation to exert  his
best abilities to maintain its dignity and honor, to
exalt its standing, and to extend the bounds of
its usefulness. He should, therefore, observe strictly
such laws as  are instituted for the government of
its members; should avoid all contumelious and
sarcastic remarks relative to the  faculty7 as a body;
and while, by unwearied  diligence, he resorts to
every honorable  means of enriching the science,
he should entertain a due  respect for his seniors 
47
 who have, by. their labors brought it to the eleva-
 ted condition in which he finds it.
   § 2. It is not in accord with the interests of the
 public or the honor of the profession that any phy-
 sician or medical teacher should examine or sign
 diplomas or certificates of proficiency for, or other-
 wise be specially concerned with, the graduation of
 persons whom they have good reasons to believe
 intend to support and practice any exclusive and
 irregular system of medicine.
   § 3. There is no profession, from the members of
 which greater purity of character, and a higher
 standard of moral excellence are required than the
 medical; and to attain such  eminence is a duty
 every physician owes alike to his profession and to
 his patients.  It is due to the latter, as without it
 he cannot command their respect and confidence,
 and to both, because no scientific attainments can
 compensate for the wantof correctmoral principles.
 It is also incumbent upon the faculty to be temper-
 ate in all things, for the practice of physic requires
 the unremitting exercise of a clear and vigorous
 understanding ; and, on emergencies, for which no
 professional man should be unprepared, a steady
 hand, an acute eye, and an unclouded head may be
 essential to the well-being, and even to the life, of
 a fellow-creature.
  § 4. It is derogatory to the dignity of the profes-
sion to resort to public advertisements, or private
cards, or handbills, inviting the attention of indi-
viduals affected with particular diseases—publicly 
48
offering advice and medicine to the poor gratis, or
promising  radical cures; or to publish cases and
operations  in the daily prints, or suffer such publi-
cations to be made; to invite laymen to be present
at operations, to boast of cures and remedies, to ad-
duce certificates of skill and success, or to perform
any other  similar acts.  These  are the ordinary
practices of empirics, and are highly reprehensible
in a regular physician.
   § 5. Equally derogatory to professional character
is it for a physician  to  hold a patent for any sur-
gical  instrument  or  medicine  ; or to dispense a
secret nostrum, whether it be the  composition or
exclusive property of himself or of others.  For,
if such nostrum be  of  real efficacy, any conceal-
ment regarding it is inconsistent with beneficence
and professional liberality; and  if mystery alone
give it value  and importance, such craft implies
either disgraceful  ignorance or fraudulent avarice.
It is also reprehensible for physicians to give cer-
tificates attesting  the efficacy of patent or secret
medicines, or in any way to promote the use of
them.

   Art. II.—Professional services of physicians  to
each other.
   § 1. All  practitioners of  medicine, their wives,
and their children while under the paternal care,
are entitled to the gratuitous services of any one
or more of the faculty residing near them, whose
assistance  may be desired.   A physician afflicted 
49
 with disease is usually an incompetent judge of
 his own case;  and the natural anxiety and solici-
 tude which  he experiences  at the  sickness of a
 wife, a child, or any one who, by the ties of con-
 sanguinity, is  rendered  peculiarly  dear to  him,
 tend  to  obscure  his  judgment, and produce
 timidity and irresolution in his practice.   Under
 such circumstances, medical men are  peculiarly7
 dependent upon each other, and  kind offices and
 professional aid should always be cheerfully and
 gratuitously afforded.  Visits ought not, however,
 to  be  obtruded  officiously;  as  such  unasked
 civility may give rise to embarrassment, or inter-
 fere with that choice on which confidence depends.
 But,  if a distant member  of the  faculty,  whose
 circumstances  are  affluent,  request  attendance,
 and an honorarium  be offered, it should not be
 declined; for no pecuniary obligation ought to be
 imposed, which the party receiving it would wish
 not to incur.

  Art. III.— Of the  duties of physicians  as respects
 vicarious offices.
  § 1.  The affairs of life, the  pursuit  of health,
 and  the various accidents and contingencies to
 which a medical man is peculiarly exposed, some-
 times require him temporarily to  withdraw from
 bis duties to his patients, and to  request some of
 his  professional brethren  to officiate  for him.
 Compliance with this request is an act of courtesy,
which should always be performed with the utmost
    3


        NATIONAL  LICRAI   OF  MEDICINE 
50
consideration for the interest and character of the
family physician, and when exercised for a short
period, all the pecuniary obligations for such ser-
vice should be awarded to him.   But if a member
of the profession neglect his business  in quest of
pleasure and amusement, he cannot be considered
as entitled to the  advantages of the  frequent and
long-continued exercise of this fraternal courtesy,
without awarding to the physician who officiates
the fees arising from the discharge of his pro-
fessional duties.
   In  obstetrical  and important surgical  cases,
which give  rise to unusual fatigue, anxiety, and
responsibility,  it is just that the fees accruing
therefrom should  be awarded  to the  physician
who officiates.

   Art.  IV.—Of the duties of physicians in regard to
consultations.

   § 1. A regular  medical education  furnishes the
only presumptive evidence of professional abilities
and acquirements, and  ought  to  be the  only
acknowledged right of an  individual to the exer-
cise and honors of his profession.   Nevertheless,
as in consultations the good of the  patient is the
sole object in view, and this is often  dependent on
personal confidence, no intelligent regular practi-
tioner, who has a  license  to practise  from some
medical board of  known  and acknowledged  re-
spectability, recognized by  the American  Medical 
51
 Association, and who is in good moral and pro-
 fessional standing in the place in which he resides,
 should be fastidiously excluded from fellowship,
 or his  aid refused  in- consultation, when it is
 requested  by  the  patient.  But no one can be
 considered as a regular  practitioner or  a fit asso-
 ciate in consultation, Avhose practice is based on
 an exclusive dogma, to the rejection of the accu-
 mulated experience  of the profession, and of the
 aids  actually  furnished  by anatomy7, physiology,
 pathology, and organic chemistry7.
   § 2. In consultations, no rival ship or jealousy
 should be indulged;  candor, probity, and all due
 respect should be exercised towards the  physician
 having charge of the case.
   § 3. In consultations,  the attending  physician
 should be the first to propose the necessary7 ques-
 tions to the  sick,   after which  the consulting
 physician should have the opportunity to make
 such  further inquiries of the  patient as may be
 necessary to satisfy him  of the true character of
 the case.  Both physicians should then retire to a
 private place for deliberation ;  and the one first in
 attendance  should  communicate the   directions
 agreed upon to the patient or  his friends, as well
 as any opinions which it may be thought proper
 to express.  But no statement or discussion of it
 should take place before the patient or his friends,
 except in the presence of all the faculty attending,
 and by their common consent;  and no opinions or
prognostications should be delivered which are not 
52
the result of  previous  deliberation and concur-
rence.
  § 4. In  consultations, the physician in attend-
ance should deliver  his opinion first; and when
there are several consulting, they should deliver
their opinions in  the order in which they have
been called in.  No  decision, however, should
restrain the attending physician from making such
variations in the mode of treatment as any subse-
quent unexpected change in the character of the
case may demand.   But such  variation, and the
reasons for it,  ought to be carefully detailed at the
next meeting in consultation.  The same privilege
belongs also to the consulting  physician if he is
sent for in an emergency, when  the regular at-
tendant is out of the way, and similar explanations
must be made by him at the next consultation.
  § 5. The utmost punctuality should be observed
in the visits of physicians when they are to hold
consultation together, and this is generally practi-
cable, for society has been  considerate enough to
allow the plea of a  professional  engagement to
take precedence of all others, and to  be an ample
reason for the  relinquishment of any present occu-
pation.   But  as professional  engagements may
sometimes interfere, and delay  one  of the parties,
the physician who first arrives should wait for his
associate a reasonable period, after which the con-
sultation should be  considered  as  postponed to a
new appointment.  If it be the attending physician
who is present, he will of course see the patient 
53
 and prescribe; but if it be the consulting one, he
 should retire, except in  case of emergency, or
 when he  has been called from a considerable dis-
 tance, in  w7hich latter case he may  examine the
 patient, and give his opinion in writing, and under
 seal, to be delivered to his associate.
   § 6. In  consultations,   theoretical  discussions
 should be avoided, as occasioning perplexity  and
 loss of time.   For there may  be much diversity
 of opinion concerning  speculative points, with
 perfect agreement in those modes  of practice which
 are founded, not on hypothesis, but on experience
 and observation.
   § 7. All discussions in consultation should be
 held as secret and confidential.  Neither by words
 nor manner should any of the parties to a consul-
 tation assert or insinuate that any  part  of  the
 treatment  pursued  did  not receive his  assent.
 The responsibility must be equally divided between
 the medical attendants—they7 must equally share
 the credit of  success  as  well  as the blame of
 failure.
   § 8.  Should an irreconcilable diversity of opinion
 occur when several physicians are called upon to
 consult together,  the  opinion  of the  majority
 should be considered as decisive; but if the num-
 bers be equal  on  each  side, then the decision
 should  rest  with  the attending physician.   It
 may, moreover, sometimes happen that two phy-
sicians cannot agree in their views of the nature of
a case, and the treatment to be pursued.  This is 
54
a circumstance much to be  deplored, and  should
always be avoided, if possible, by mutual conces-
sions, as far as they can be justified by a conscien-
tious regard for  the dictates of judgment.  But
in the event of its occurrence, a third physician
should, if practicable, be called to act as umpire;
and, if circumstances prevent the adoption of this
course, it must be left to the patient to select the
physician in whom he is most willing to confide.
But, as every physician relies upon the rectitude
of his judgment, he should, wThen  left  in  the
minority, politely and consistently retire from any
further deliberation in the consultation, or par-
ticipation in the management of the case.
  § 9.  As  circumstances  sometimes  occur  to
render  a  special  consultation desirable, when  the
continued attendance of two physicians might be
objectionable to  the patient, the member of the
faculty whose assistance is required in such cases
should  sedulously  guard  against  all future un-
solicited attendance.  As such consultations re-
quire an extraordinary portion both  of time and
attention, at least a double  honorarium may  be
reasonably expected.
  § 10.  A physician who is called upon to consult,
should observe the most honorable and scrupulous
regard for the character and standing of the practi-
tioner in attendance; the practice of the latter, if
necessary, should be justified as far as it can be, con-
sistently with a conscientious regard for truth, and
no hint or insinuation should be thrown out which 
55
 could impair the  confidence  reposed in him, or
 affect his reputation.   The  consulting physician
 should also carefully refrain  from any of those ex-
 traordinary attentions or assiduities which are too
 often practised by the dishonest for the base pur-
 pose  of  gaining  applause, or ingratiating them-
 selves into the favor of families and individuals.

   Art. V.—Buties of physicians in eases of interfer-
 ence.
   § 1. Medicine  is  a liberal profession, and those
 admitted into its ranks should found their expec-
 tations of practice upon the extent of their quali-
 fications  not on intrigue or artifice.
   § 2. A physician, in his intercourse with a patient
 under the care of another practitioner, should  ob-
 serve the  strictest  caution  and  reserve.    No
 meddling inquiries should be made—no disingen-
 uous hints given relative to the nature and treat-
 ment of  his disorder;  nor any course of conduct
 pursued  that may directly or  indirectly tend to
 diminish the trust reposed in  the physician  em-
 ployed.
   § 8. The  same  circumspection  and  reserve
 should be observed when, from motives of busi-
 ness or friendship, a physician is prompted to visit
 an individual  who  is under  the  direction of an-
 other practitioner.  Indeed, such visits should be
 avoided,  except  under  peculiar  circumstances;
and when they are made, no particular inquiries
should be instituted relative to the nature of the 
56
disease, or the remedies employed, but the topics
of conversation should be as foreign to the case
as circumstances will admit.
  § 4.  A physician ought not to take charge of or
prescribe  for a patient who  has recently been
under the care of  another member of the faculty
in the same illness, except in cases of sudden em-
ergency, or  in  consultation with  the physician
previously in attendance, or when the latter has
relinquished the  case, or  been regularly notified
that  his  services  are  no longer desired.  Under
such circumstances, no unjust and  illiberal in-
sinuations should be  thrown  out in relation to
the conduct  or practice previously pursued, which
should be justified as far as candor and regard for
truth  and probity will permit; for it often happens
that patients become dissatisfied when they do not
 experience immediate relief, and, as many diseases
 are  naturally  protracted, the  want of success, in
the first stage of treatment, affords no evidence of
 a lack of professional knowledge and skill.
   § 5. When a physician is  called to an urgent
 case, because the  family attendant  is not at hand,
 he ought, unless his assistance in consultation be
 desired, to resign  the  care of the patient to the
 latter immediately on his  arrival.
   § 6. It often happens in cases of sudden illness,
 or of recent accidents and injury, owing to  the
 alarm and  anxiety of friends, that a  number of
 physicians are simultaneously sent for.   Under
 these circumstances, courtesy should  assign  the 
57
 patient to the first who arrives, who should select
 from those present any additional assistance that
 he may deem necessary.  In all such cases, how-
 ever, the practitioner who officiates should request
 the family physician, if there be one, to be called,
 and,  unless his further attendance  be requested,
 should resign the case to the latter on his arrival.
   § 7. When a physician  is called to the patient
 of another practitioner, in  consequence  of the
 sickness or absence of the latter, he ought, on the
 return or recovery of  the regular attendant, and
 with  the consent  of the patient, to surrender the
 case.
   [The expression,  "patient of another  practi-
 tioner," is understood to mean a patient who may
 have been under the charge of another practitioner
 at the time of the attack of sickness, or departure
 from  home of the latter, or who may have called
 for his attendance during his absence or sickness,
 or in  any7 other manner given it to be understood
 that he regarded the said physician as his regular
 medical attendant.]
  § 8.  A physician, when  visiting a sick person
 in the country, may be desired to see a neighbor-
 ing patient who is under the regular direction  of
 another physician, in consequence of some sudden
 change or  aggravation of symptoms.   The con-
 duct to be pursued on  such an occasion is to give
advice adapted to present circumstances; to inter-
fere no further than is absolutely necessary with
the general plan of treatment; to assume no future
    3* 
58
direction, unless it be expressly desired;  and, in
this last case, to request an immediate consulta-
tion with the practitioner previously employed.
  § 9.  A wealthy physician should not give advice
gratis to the affluent;  because his doing so is an
injury  to his professional brethren.  The office of
a physician can never  be supported as an exclu-
sively  beneficent  one;  and  it is defrauding, in
some degree, the  common funds  for its support,
when  fees are dispensed with which might justly
be claimed.
  § 10. When a physician who has been engaged
to attend a case of midwifery is absent, and another
is sent for, if delivery is accomplished during the
attendance of the latter, he is entitled  to the fee,
but should resign the patient to  the practitioner
first engaged.

    Art. VI.—Of differences between physicians.
   § 1. Diversity of opinion and  opposition of in-
terest may, in  the medical as in other professions,
 sometimes occasion controversy and even  con-
tention.   Whenever  such   cases  unfortunately
 occur, and cannot be immediately  terminated,
 they should be  referred to  the arbitration of a
 sufficient number of physicians or a court-medical
   § 2. As peculiar reserve must  be maintained  by
 physicians towards the public, in regard to profes-
 sional matters, and as there exist numerous points
 in medical ethics and etiquette through which the
 feelings of medical men may be  painfully assailed 
59
in their intercourse with each  other, and which
cannot be  understood or appreciated by general
society, neither the subject-matter of such differ-
ences nor the adjudication of the arbitrators should
be  made public, as publicity7 in a case  of this
nature may be personally injurious to the individ-
uals concerned, and  can hardly fail to bring dis-
credit on the faculty.
    Art. VH.—Of pecuniary acknowledgments.
  Some general rules should be adopted by the
faculty, in  every town or  district, relative  to
pecuniary acknowledgments  from  their  patients;
and it should be deemed a point of honor to  ad-
here to these rules  with as much uniformity as
varying circumstances will admit.
OF THE DUTIES OF THE PROFESSION TO  THE PUBLIC,
  AND  OF  THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE PUBLIC TO THE
  PROFESSION.

   Art. I.—Buties of the profession to  the public.
  § 1.  As good citizens, it is the duty of physicians
to be  ever vigilant  for the welfare  of the com-
munity, and to  bear their  part in sustaining its
institutions and  burdens:  they should  also  be
ever ready to give counsel to the public in relation
to matters especially appertaining to their profes-
sion,  as on  subjects of  medical  police, public
hygiene, and legal medicine.  It is their province 
60
to enlighten the public in regard to quarantine
regulations; the location, arrangement, and diet-
aries of hospitals,  asylums, schools, prisons, and
similar  institutions;  in  relation to the medical
police of towns, as drainage,  ventilation, etc.—
and in  regard to measures for the prevention of
epidemic and  contagious  diseases;  and when
pestilence prevails, it is their duty to face  the
danger, and  to  continue their  labors  for  the
alleviation of the suffering, even at the jeopardy
of their own lives.
   § '2.  Medical men should also be always ready,
when called on by the legally constituted authori-
ties, to  enlighten coroners' inquests and courts of
justice, on subjects strictly medical—such as in-
volve  questions  relating to sanity,  legitimacy,
murder by poisons or other violent means, and in
regard  to the various other subjects embraced in
the science  of  Medical  Jurisprudence.  But in
these cases, and   especially where they are re-
quired  to make a post-mortem examination, it is
just, in consequence of the time, labor, and skill
required, and the responsibility and risk they in-
cur, that the public should award them a proper
honorarium.
   § 3.  There is no profession by the members of
which eleemosynary services are more liberally dis-
pensed  than the medical, but justice requires that
some limits should be placed to the performance
of such good offices.  Poverty, professional brother-
hood, and certain of the public duties  referred to 
61
in the  first  section of this article, should always
be recognized as  presenting valid claims for gra-
tuitous  services;  but neither institutions endowed
by the  public or by rich individuals, societies for
mutual  benefit, for  the insurance of lives or for
analogous purposes, nor any profession or occupa-
tion, can be  admitted  to possess such privilege.
Nor can  it  be justly  expected  of physicians to
furnish  certificates of inability to serve on juries,
to perform militia duty, or to testify to the state
of health of persons wishing to insure their lives,
obtain pensions, or the like, without a pecuniary
acknowledgment.  But to individuals in indigent
circumstances, such  professional services should
always be cheerfully and freely accorded.

  § 4. It is the duty of physicians, who are fre-
quent witnesses of the  enormities committed by
quackery,  and the injury to health and  even de-
struction of life caused by the use of quack medi-
cines, to enlighten the public on  these  subjects,
to expose the injuries  sustained by  the unwary
from the devices  and pretensions of artful em-
pirics and  impostors.   Physicians ought to use
all the  influence  which  they  may  possess,  as
professors in  Colleges  of  Pharmacy, and by  ex-
ercising their  option  in  regard to the shops to
which their prescriptions shall be sent, to discour-
age druggists and apothecaries from vending quack
or secret  medicines, or from being  in any way-
engaged in their manufacture and sale. 
62
  Art. II.—Obligations of the public to physicians.

  The benefits accruing  to the public, directly
and indirectly, from the active and unwearied be-
neficence of the profession, are so numerous and
important, that physicians are justly entitled to
the utmost consideration  and  respect from the
community.  The public ought likewise to enter-
tain a just appreciation of medical qualifications;
to make  a  proper discrimination between  true
science  and the  assumptions of  ignorance and
empiricism—to afford every encouragement and
facility for the acquisition of medical education—
and no longer to allow the  statute-books to exhibit
the anomaly of. exacting knowledge from physi-
cians, under a liability to heavy penalties, and of
making them obnoxious to punishment for resort-
ing to the only means of obtaining it.
            CHAPTER  XIX.

  REVISION AND ENACTMENT OF ORDINANCES AND
                   BY-LAAVS.

  1.  No  new or amended  Ordinance or  By-law
(see the last clause of the Act of Incorporation)
shall be binding on the Officers or Fellows of the
College,  unless it  shall have been proposed  in
writing and subscribed by five  Fellows, at one
stated meeting, and enacted or passed at another, 
63
after the intervention of at least thirty days ; and
unless it  shall then  be passed by a majority of
two-thirds, there  being  not  less than twenty
Fellows present.
  2.  Whenever a proposed alteration of the Ordi-
nances and By7-laws is to be voted on at any meet-
ing of the College, said action shall be announced
by7 the Secretary in the notice for that meeting. 
LIST
PRESIDENTS  OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS,
                               Date of Election.
JOHN REDMAN, M.D.            1787.
WILLIAM SHIPPEN, M.D.        1805.
ADAM KUHN, M.D.               1809.
THOMAS PARKE,  M.D.           1818.
THOMAS C. JAMES, M.D.*        1835.
THOMAS T. HEWSON, M.D.      1835.
GEORGE B. WOOD, M.D.         1848.
W. S. W. RUSCHENBERGER, M.D. 1879.
ALFRED STILLE,  M.D.           1882.
SAMUEL LEWIS,  M.D.f          1884.
J. M. Da COSTA, M.D.            1884.
S. WEIR MITCHELL, M.D.       1886.
* Died four months after his election.
t Resigned on account of ill health. 
65
OFFIOEES AND  STANDING  COMMITTEES  OF THE
          COLLEGE  OF PHYSICIANS, 1886.
Councillors,
          President,          S. Weir Mitchell, M.D.
          Vice-President,      John H. Packard, M.D.
          Censors    /Drs. Lewis Rodman, William Goodell, Alfred
                   1    Stillb and Samuel Lewis.
          Secretary,          Isaac Norris, Jr., M.D.
          Treasurer,          Charles Stewart Wurts, M.D.
          Honorary Librarian, James H. Hutchinson, M.D.
          Recorder,          J. Ewing Mears,  M.D.
                        To serve 3  years, Drs. R. A.  Cleemann
                                     and William Thomson.
                        "    "   2  years, Drs. I. Minis Hays and
                                     A. V. Meigs.
                        "    "   1  year, Drs. S.  W.  Gross and
                                     James C Wilson.

                    Committee of Publication.
Drs. James H. Hutchinson, Robert  P. Harris,  A. V. Meigs, and the
                      Recorder, ex officio.

                      Library Committee.
        Drs. I. Minis Hays, S. W. Gross, Morris  Longstreth,
            George C Harlan, and William Osler.
                  Committee on Mutter Museum.
   Drs. William Hunt, John H. Brinton, and Morris Longstreth.

                        Hall Committee.
Drs. H. Y. Evans, T. Hewson Bache,  J. Ewing Mears, Morris J. Lewis,
                   and W. Barton Hopkins.

                 Committee on Directory for Nurses.
     Drs. W. W. Keen, Wharton Sinkler, and James C Wilson.

                     Committee on Finance.
 Drs. W. S. W. RUSCHENBERGER, CASPAR WlSTER, JOHN AsiIHURST, Jr.,
            and the President and Treasurer, ex officio.

                 William F. Jenks Prize Committee.
 Drs. Ellwood Wilson, Robert P. Harris, and Theophiixs Parvin.
                   Committee on Entertainments.
Drs. J. Ewing Mears, R. J. Dunglison, R. A. Cleemann, Louis Starr,
                  and the President, ex officio. 
66
FELLOWS, ASSOCIATE FELLOWS, AND

      CORRESPONDING MEMBERS

                      OF THE

COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA.
* Denotes deceased Fellows.
t Resignation of Fellowship.
|| Forfeiture of Fellowship.
(N. R.) Non-resident Fellows.
FELLOWS,
* John Redman
* John Jones .
* John Morgan
* Wm. Shippen, Jr.
* Adam Kulm
f Benjamin Rush .
* Gerardus Clarkson
* Samuel Duffield .
* Thomas Parke  .
* James Hutchinson
* George Glentworth
* Abraham Chovet
* Andrew Ross
* William W. Smith
* James Hall
f William Clarkson
* William Currie .
* Benjamin Say
* Samuel Powel Griffitt
* Benjamin Duffield
|| John Morris
* John Carson
  ELECTED.

Jan.    1787 
67
 * John Foulke
 || Robert Harris
 * .Nathan Dorsey  .
 * John R. B. Rodgers
 * Caspar Wistar, Jr.
 * James Cunningham
 * Charles Moore
 * Michael Leib
 * John H. Gibbons
 * Nicholas B. Waters
 * Benjamin Smith Barton
 * Thomas Redman
 * William Mcllvaine
 * Plunket F. Glentworth
 * Hugh Hodge
 ||  Charles Caldwell
 * John Cumming  .
 * Thomas C. James
 * William Annan  .
 f  Adam Seybert
 *  William Boys
 *  Lewis J. Jardine
 *  Joseph P. Minnick
 *  Thomas T. Hewson
 *  Nathaniel Chapman
 * Jos. Parrish
 * Henry Neill
 * Samuel Stewart .
 * Joseph Woollens
 * Isaac Cleaver
 || William P. C. Barton
 t Edwin A. Atlee .
 * John M. Moore .
 * Samuel C. Hopkins
 t John Wilson Moore
 * Samuel Emlen   .
 * John C. Otto
 * Elijah Griffiths  .
* John Ruan  .
* Joseph Hartshorn e
* Henry Bond
   ELECTED.
Jan.     1787
April,
March,	1788
II	ii
April,	1789
I<	1790
July,	1791
Nov.	u
Sept.	1792
Dec.	ii
July,	1795
Oct.	u
<<	ii
June,	1796
Nov.	1797
u	1798
July,	1800
Aug.	1801
Dec.	ii
Nov.	1807
u	1810
June,	1811
July, it	1814 ii
Feb.	1815
June,	ii
July,	ii
Aug.	ii
11	1817
Dec.	((
Aug.	1818
March,	1819
April,	1821
11	1823
Dec.	1824
July,	1825
 
68
* Robert M. Huston
* John Bell  .
* Hugh L.  Hodge .
* Charles D. Meigs
* George B. Wood .
t R. La Roche
* Benjamin Hornor Coates
* John K. Mitchell
* Thomas H. Ritchie
* Lewis P.  Gebhard
* William Darrach
* William S. Coxe .
* Franklin  Bache .
 || Joseph Togno
* George Fox .
* Charles Lukens .
|| Edward Y. Howell
* Theophilus E. Beesley
* Simon A.  Wickes
* Caspar W. Pennock
* William W. Gerhard
* Thomas Stewardson
  William Ashmead
|| Reynell Coates  .
* John Marshall Paul
* Joseph Pancoast .
* Isaac Hays .
* John Rodman Paul
t Charles Noble
* D. Francis Condie
  Squire Littell
* Thomas D. Mutter
* Isaac Parrish
|| David Rutter
|| Frederick A. Vandyke
* Anthony Bournonville
  W. S. W. Ruschenberger
t Samuel Jackson .
* Robley Dunglison
* Jacob Randolph .
* Joseph Carson
ELECTED.	
Sept.	1826
Feb.	1827
April,	u
d	ii
u	ii
u	ii
May,	u
Aug.	u
April,	1828
u	"
May,	"
Jan.	1829
April,	ii
Dec.	1830
Sept.	1831
Feb.	1832
June,	ii
Oct.	u
Nov.	1833
Sept.	1834
11	ii
Jan.	1835
11	'
Feb.	ii
May,	ii
u	u
Sept.	ii
Feb.	1836
March,	ii
May,	"
11	f <
11	«
u	"
Jan.	1837
March,	u
May,	n
April,	1838
May,	ii
June,	ii
Dec.	u
 
69
 * Joseph Warrington
 * James H. Bradford
 * Thomas S. Kirkbride
 * George W. Norris
 * Francis West
 t Benjamin D. Neill
 || Rush Vandyke  .
 * Edward Peace
 * Frederick Turnpenny
 * George McClellan
 * William D. Brinckle
 * William Pepper  .
 * Edward Hallowell
 * Samuel Colhoun  .
 * William H. Clapp
 * Caspar Morris
 * Carter N. Berkeley
 * Joseph Peace
   William S. Zantzinger (N.
 * David C. Skerrett
 ||  W. Poyntell Johnson
 t  Henry H. Smith  .
 *  Charles Evans
 t  Caspar Wistar
 * Gotthilf Moehring
 * Robert Bridges  .
  Meredith Clymer  (N. R.)
  John D. Griscom
 * Thomas Dillard  .
 * Paul Beck Goddard
  Alfred Stille
  John J. Reese
 * John Forsyth Meigs
 t John Wiltbank   .
 * Henry S. Patyerson
  Lewis Rodman   .
 * George L. Newbold
 * William Byrd Page
  Charles R. King (N. R.)
* David II. Tucker
* T. R. Brinckle
  ELECTED.
Jan.   1839
Feb.
 March,
   u
 May,
   u
   11
   u
 Aug.
   ii
 Sept.
 June,
 Oct.
 Nov.
 Dec.
  u.
 Jan.
 April,
  ii
June,
July,

 Aug.
 Nov.
 Nov.
 Dec.
  u
 June,
  n
 Aug.
 Nov.
  ii
 Dec.
  ((
  ii
 Jan. 
70
* Samuel G. Morton
* Francis G. Smith, Ji-
ll Mahlon P. Hutchinson
* Benjamins. Janney
t Alexander AVilcocks
* Victor L. Godon .
* Thomas F. Betton
* Morris C. Shallcross
* William R. Grant
* Joshua M. Wallace
* Washington L. Atlee
* John Neill  .
* Henry Gibbons  .
  Anthony E. Stocker
* J. Dickinson Logan
* Gouverneur Emerson
* Edward Hartshorne
* Moreton Stille
  Caspar Wister
  Robert A. Given (N. R.)
* Joseph Klapp
* Samuel Jackson (Prof.)
  Samuel Lewis
  Justus Dunott (N.  R.)
* Samuel L. Hollingsworth
  John Hastings (N. R.)
* James M. Greene .
  John L. Ludlow  .
* John H. B. McClellan  .
  William V. Keating
* D. Paul Lajus
t John K. Mason
* William B. Wilson
* Edmund Lang
t Thomas S. Reed  .
t Richard H. Townsend  .
* Isaac Remington  .
* John B. Tuft .
  Edward II. Mayer (N. R.)
  William R. Bullock (N. R.)
* John B. Biddle 
71
  * Robert P. Thomas
  * Henry E. Drayton
  * Bernard Henry
  t James J. Levick
   Joseph Leidy .
  * Wilson Jewell
   Ellwood Wilson
   Henry Hartshorne
  t William Keller
  * William Mayburry
   Alfred L. Kennedy
  * Ellerslie Wallace  .
  * Thomas H. Yardley
   Fitz William Sargent (N. R
   Thomas Hewson Bache
 * James V. Emlen  .
 * Joseph Hopkinson
   Owen Jones Wister
 * William H. Hooper
 || Henry Tiedemann
 * Jonathan M. Allen
  James L. Tyson (N.  R
 t James E. Rhoads  .
  Addinell Hewson .
 * David Gilbert
 t B. Howard Rand .
  W. P. Tilden (X. R.)
 * G. Hermann Robinett
  William Hunt
  R. A. F. Penrose   .
 * Richard Clements  .
  William H. Gobrecht (N. R
  Joseph Parrish (N. R.)
 * William D. Stroud
  Nathan L. Hatfield
  Francis W. Lewis .
  S. Weir Mitchell   .
  R. K. Smith (N. R.)
* William N. Johnson
  J. Cheston Morris .
* James Aitken Meigs
  ELECTED.
Jan.  1851
April,   "
July,   «
  u    n
Oct.
Jan.   1852
April,  "
July,
Oct.	u
Jan.	1853
Jan.	1853
Oct.	u
H	u
Jan.	1854
April,	n
July,
Oct.	n
Jan.	1855
ii	u
July,	u
Jan.	1856
April,	u
Oct. 
72
  John H. Brinton  .
* Alfred M. Slocum .
* Alfred Green  .
* Samuel D. Gross  .
  Walter F. Atlee
* Robert E. Rogers .
  Tobias G. Richardson (N. R.)
* James M. Corse
  John II. Packard .
  J. M. Da Costa
f S. Henry Dickson .
  D. Hayes Agnew .
  James Darrach
  William A. Hammond (N. R
  Charles S. Boker .
t William Hembel Taggart
* A. Owen  Stille
* Augustine H. Fish
  Henry D. Benner .
  William R. Dunton
  Charles Stewart Wurts
  Thos. G. Morton  .
  William S. Forbes .
* C. Pendleton Tutt
  Robert P. Harris .
* John F. Lamb
  James H. Hutchinson
* Edward A. Page  .
  A. Douglass Hall .
  Lewis D.  Harlow .
* H. Lenox Hodge .
* Albert H. Smith  .
* W. Lehman Wells
* David Burpee
  Richard J. Dunglison
  George R. Morehouse
|| W. Kent Gilbert  .
* J. Hamilton Slack
  John Ashhurst, Jr.
  A. K. Smith, U. S. A. (N. R.)
  Edward A. Spooner
  ELECTED.
Oct.   1856
Jan.  1857
April,  "
Oct.	u
July,	1858
Oct.	(1
Jan.	1859
n	u
April,	n
July,	k
April,

Oct.
July,
April,
Jan.
April,
July,
Oct.
Jan. 
   Albert Fricke
   William H. Granger
   William H. Pancoast
 * William M. King, U. S.  X
 * J. M Leedom
   H. X. Downs
   E. L. Duer
   S. P. Jones (N. R.)
   Winthrop Sargent (N. R.)
   E. B. Vandyck
 f Hilborne West
   Edward A. Smith (N. R.)
 * Edward Livezey
   F. H. Getchell
 * A. A. Henderson, U. S  N.
 I  Robert Boiling
 ii  John Le Conte
   AVilliam Moss
 *  Lewis Taylor,  V. s.  A.
 *  Isaac I. Hayes (X. R.)
   George C. Harlan
   II 'ratio C. Wood. Jr.  .
   Samuel Ashhurst .
   Isaac Xorris, Jr.
 * George Hamilton .
 * Andrew Xebi tiger
  C. Percy  La Roche (V R.)
 * Edwin Scholfield .
  William F. Norris
  J. J.  Black  (X. R.)
 !i F. F. Maury .
 f Louis Fassitt
  K. B. ('mice .
  Thomas B. Reed  .
  James Tyson
* William Darrach  .
  D. F. Woods
  C. Schaft'er   .
  Emil  Fischer
  Chas. H. Boardman (X. K.)
  Harrison Allen
     4
 ELECTED.
Jan.   1864
April,  1864
July,
Oct.   1864
  a      a
Jan.   1865


April,    "
July,    «

Jan.   1866
April,   "
Oct.
Jan.   1867 
74
  \V. W. Keen .
  H. Earnest Goodman
  Charles H. Thomas
  R. R. Taylor
* Edward Rhoads
* George Pepper
|| Jacob Roberts
  Oliver A. Judson
  George II. Horn
-) Horace Williams
  D. Murray Cheston
  William Goodell
  Samuel B. Howell
 || James Cummiskey
  William Pepper   .
  E. B. Shapleigh
 * Isaac Ray
 * Ferdinand A. llasslei
 * Thaddeus L. Leavitt
   Samuel W. Gross .
   Thomas J. Yarrow
   J. Ewing Mears
   Horace Y. Evans .
   T. Hollingsworth Andrews
   Jos  G. Richardson
   William Thomson
  * Horace Binney Hare
   Herbert Norris
  * John S.  Parry
  * William S. Ilalsey
  * Frederic W.  Lewis
  * William B. Corbitt
    Henry S. Schell
  *  Henry R. Silliman
  *  John C. Norris
    John M. Adler
  *  Francis O. Smyth
    C. II. Burnett
    L. J. Deal (N. R.)
    W. H. Ford
    E. B. Gardette
 ELECTED
Jan.    1867
April,

Oct.

Jan.   1868

April,   i;
July,
Oct.
Jan.	1869
April,	
July, Jan.	1870
April

July, 
75
 * R. M. Townsend,   .
   A. Paul Turner (X. R.)
   M. J. Grier   .
   L. A. Duhring
   J. A. McFerran
 * Charles T. Hunter
   James V. Ingham  .
   Thomas Wistar
   J. Solis Cohen
   John H. Grove
 * Lucius S. Bolles
 * W. F. Jenks .
   Thos. R. Dunglisou (N
   George Strawbridge
 * R. M. Bertolet
   Elliott Richardson
 * Wm. Ashbridge
   R. A. Cleemann
   W. H. Finn
   I.  Minis Hays
  A. G. B. Hinkle
  Wm. G. Porter
  Wharton Sinkler
  Oscar H. Allis
  H. F. Baxter .
  Leonardo S. Clark
  W. R. Cruice .
  George S. Gerhard .
  James Simpson
 i Richard Thomas
 | W. H. Wallace
  Arthur Van Harlingen
 | A. C. W. Beecher .
  A.  C. Deakyne
  J. C. Wilson  .
  W. H. Bennett
  Wm. H. Webb
  Louis Starr
  Theodore F. Seyfert
  Arthur V. Meigs
* R.  Burns
R.)
  ELECTED.
Jul v.  1870
Oct.
Jan.   1871
it     a
April.	ii ii
April,	1871
July.	a
Oct.	<<
Jan.	1872
April,  "
   "   1873
Oct.
Jan.  1874
April,   "
Jan.  1875
April,
Oct. 
76
 Joseph J. Kirkbride
 George McClellan  .
 R. H. Alison .
 L. K. Baldwin
 Edward Shippen, U. s
 Morris J. Lewis
 E. O. Shakespeare
 Morris Longstreth
 John M. Keating
 Theodore C. Wormlej
 Jesse Williamson (N. R.)
|| Robert J. Hess
 J. William White  .
 Edward T. Bruen .
 John B. Roberts
 Washington II. Baker
 Wm. Barton Hopkins
f W. Penn Buck
 Roberts Bartholow
 De Forest Willard
 II. C. Chapman
 Frank Woodbury
 J. Henry C. Sime>
 J. T. Eskridge
 Chas. W. Dulles  .
 Chas. K. Mills
 Hush Shippen  Huidekopei
* Frank C. Hand
 H. Augustus Wilson
 Richard Ashhridge. U. S. X
* Frederick C. Sheppard
 A. Sydney Boberts
 Joseph Hearn
 Joseph F. Edwards
 Edward E. Montgomer
 Daniel E. Hughes (X. K.)
 William H. Parish
 John H. Musser
 X. Archer Randolph
 Charles Baum
 J. P. Crozer Griffith
  KI.ECTED.
Oct.   187.-)
(X. R.) 
George A. Piersol  .
Charles Ilarrod Vinton
Ferdinand II. Gross
William M. Welch  .
Henry Morris .
Benjamin F. Baer  .
Griffith E. Abbot   .
Oliver P. Rex .
Milton B. Musser
Henry Beates .
Henry Leffmann
Alfred Whelen
Theophilus Parvin
H. W. Stelwagon
Robert Meade Smith
John C. Da Costa .
Francis M. Perkins
Charles A. Oliver  .
S. S. Stryker  .
Roland G. Cnrtin
J. W. O'Xeill
Thomas H. Fen ton
Thomas Biddle
Thomas Hewson Bradford
J. Gibbons Hunt
H. F. Formad
Henry M. Fisher
Charles Wirgman  .
Phineas T. Horwitz
Frederick P. Henry
Charles Shaffner  .
Thomas M. Drysdale
Harry Godey
Alexander W. Biddle
H. R. Wharton
Houston Mifflin  (X. R.)
Francis Dercum
William Osier
John W. Mallet  (X. R.)
James B. Walker  .
Robert M. Girvin
  ELECTED.
Mav.  1883
June,
Oct,
Dec.


Jan.  1884

Feb.


April,
Mav.
June,
Oct.
Dec.
Jan.  1885
Feb.
March, 
78
Joseph M. Fox
Phbip Lehly  .
Richard II.  II rte
Edward T.  Rc-i-hert
Thomas J. Mays
Leonardo Da Vine' Judd
John B. Ohapin
John Graham
Edward Jackson
James W. Holland
Thomas C.  Potter
Joseph S. Neff
Howard F.  Hansell
Louis Jurist  .
Edward W. Watson
Charles E. Cadwalader
Caspar Morris
John Madison Tavlor  .
 ELECTED.
Mav.  1885
Oct.


Nov.


Dec

Jan.    1886

Feb.
March,  "
May,
June,
O.
            ASSOCIATE  FELLOWS.
                      AMERICAN.
* Xicholas Way, Wilmington, Del.
* James Tilton, Dover, Del.
* Isaac Senter, Newport, R. I.
* David Hosack, New York
* Samuel Bard, New York .
* Jacob Bigelow, Boston, Mass.
* Daniel Drake, Cincinnati, O.
* Reuben  D. Mussey, Cincinnati.
* John Revere, New York .
* George Cheyne Shattuck, Boston. Mass.
* Theodoric R. Beck, Albany, N. Y. .
* Frederick S. Eckard  .    .
* Peter Parker, AVashington, D. C.
* Benjamin W. Dudley, Lexington. Ky
* Nathan R.  Smith, Baltimore,  Md.
* John Hubbard, Hallowell, Me.
* Thomas  Sewall, Washington, D. C
* John Ware, Boston, Mass.
* Amos Twitched, Keene,  N. fl.
* N. D. Benedict, Florida   .
ELECTED.

   1790
1800
1811
1821
1830
18 35
18.'56
1839
1840
1842
1843
1845 
79
* John C. Warren, Boston, Mass.
* Richard D. Arnold, Savannah, Ga. .
* Thomas Stewardson,  Savannah, Ga.
* John L. Atlee, Lancaster, Pa.
* Jonathan Knight, Xew Haven, Conn.
* Alexander H. Stevens, Xew York  .
* James McXaughton,  Albany, .X. Y.
* Beverly R,  Welford, Fredericksburg, Ya
* Henry Miller, Louisville, Ky.  .
* Austin Flint, Sr., Xew York   .
  Frank H. Hamilton, Xew  York
* Wilmer Worthington, Westchester, P.
  Henry I. Bowditch, Boston, Mass.  .
  Henry J. Bigelow, Boston, Mass.
* J. B. S. Jackson. Boston, Mass.
  Alonzo Claik, New York .
* Willard Parker, Xew  York
  Fordyce Barker, Xew York
  E. M. Moore, Rochester, X. Y.
  F. Donaldson, Baltimore, Md. .
  Christopher Johnston, Baltimore, >lv.
  John S. Billings, U. S. A.,  Washi-gt  -
  N. S. Davis, Chicago,  111.
  C. G. Comegys, Cincinnati, O. .
  W. O. Baldwin, Montgomery, Ala.  .
* John T. Hodgen, St. Louis, Mo.
  R. A. Kinloch,  Charleston, S. C.
  F. Peyre Porcher, Charleston, S. C.
  Joseph Jones, New Orleans,  La.
  Traill Green, Easton,  Pa. .
  A. M. Pollock,  Pittsburg, Pa.  .
  James King, Pittsburg, Pa.
  Hiram Corson, Norristown, Pa.
  R. B. Mowry, Allegheny City, Pa.
  Stanford E. Chaille, Xew Orleans, La,
  William H.  Byford, Chicago, 111.
                       FOREIGN.
* Peter Renaudet, Bristol, England
* William Patterson, Londonderry, Ire
* John Coakley Lettsom, London, Engl
* P. Ch. A. Louis, Paris, France
* Jonathan P^reira, London, England
KLHCTED.
     1846
1847
1850
1861
1868
1876
1877
1795
1798
1802
1835
1848 
8(»
* Sir Robert Christison, Edinburgh, Scotland
* Archibald Hall, Canada
* Fleetwood Churchill, Dublin, Ireland
* John M. Lever, London, England  .
* E. Gintrac, Bordeaux, France  .
  Gaetano Valery, Florence, Italy
* Hermann Walther, Dresden, Saxonj
  Pedro Gonzales Yelasco, Madrid, Spain .
  R. G.  H.  Butcher, Dublin, Ireland  .
  G. H. B.  Macleod, Edinburgh, Scotland .
  Th. de Valcourt, Cannes, France
* P. F.  Da Costa Alvarenga, Lisbon, Portugal
* W. Boeck, Christiania,  Norway
  Sir Henry W. Acland, Oxford, England .
  John  W.  Ogle, London, England
* Thomas B. Peacock, London, England .
  Sir James Paget, Bart., London, England
  J. Hughlings Jackson, London,  England
  (ieoige Johnson, London, England .
  Sir Joseph Lister, Bart., Edinburgh, Scotland
  Robert Barnes, London, England  .
  J. Milner Fothergill, London, England .
* Amedee Courty, Montpellier, France
  Christopher Heath, London, England
  Sir Joseph Fayrer, London, England

      CORRESPONDING  MEMBERS
  Adolphe Wasseige, Liege,  Belgium
  Flemining Carrow, Canton, China  .
  Domenico Chiara, Milan, Italy .
  Jean  Rendu, Lyons, Franc*;
  Kanny Loll Dey, Calcutta, India
ELECTED
     1848
     1852
     1853
     1854
     1857
  NOTE.—In the four issues, preceding the last three of the
Charter, Ordinances, and By-laws, an appendix was added, con-
taining the articles of  agreement between the College and the
late Dr.  Thomas I). Mutter, as well as "extracts from the exem-
plification  of Deed of Thomas D. Miitter et ux. to the Pennsyl-
vania Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities.
In trust."
  This matter is now printed in a separate form, and can be ob-
tained by application to the Secretary or Librarian of the College. 
 
 
 
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