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Scientific and Medical
Books, and all objects
of Natural History.
A. E. FOQ!rXsil.n
1223 Belia««Mra
PhiladelphirtMT '

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Surgeon  General's Offic
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—-------------*
 THE
DOCKET  ANATOMIST:

    BEING A SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE

         MUSCLES;

      WITH A TABULAR VIEW OF THE

  ARTERIES AND NERVES.

           CONCORDANT

 WITH "THE DUBLIN DISSECTOR^-gfND
                     /?■•*•  ' A 'A
    »HARRISON ON THE AKT&ftre&f    \
                  ,  '■■ / V  »  /



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                     '* ' ,X v
         PHILADELPHIA:   *,.'*'

 JAMES KAY, JUN. AND BROTHER,
       122 Chestnut Street.
             1836.
 ___---------------------—-------* 
P14I
  1836
  " Anatomy is the real ground-work of all  surgical
science; and it has ever been found that half-anatomists
are bungling practitioners; ignorance here, as it always
will, gives confidence without power."
       Printed by
James Kay, Jun. & Brother,
   129 Chestnut Street. 
gHrtortfsement.
  At the instance of several gentlemen, now studying
Medicine in the Jefferson College and the University of
Pennsylvania, the Publishers have been induced to issue
the following little book.   It was written in Great Britain
as an accompaniment to two highly valuable and popular
Medical works; the former of which, "The Dublin
Dissector," is well known here, and the latter, " Har-
rison on the Arteries," it is understood, is now in
press in this country, with such additional matter as will
make it still more acceptable to the profession.
  " The  Pocket Anatomist," it is hoped, will meet
with patronage from those gentlemen for whose benefit,
especially in their attendance in the Lecture Room of the
Anatomical Professor, it is now reprinted.
    Philadelphia, January 1836. 
Sn $ress.
                       t.
THE PHILADELPHIA PRACTICE OF MIDWIFE-
  RY.  By Chares D. Meigs, M.D., Lecturer on Mid-
  wifery and the Diseases of Women and Children, &c.
  In one handsome volume, post 8vo, with Engravings.

                       II.
THE ELEMENTS  OF PHYSIOLOGY, preceded by
  Outlines of General Anatomy.  By John Bell, M.D.,
  Lecturer on the Institutes of Medicine in the Philadel-
  phia Medical Institute, &.c.  In one handsome volume,
  post 8vo, with Engravings.  To match, in size and
  binding, " The Philadelphia Practice of Midwifery." 
THE
POCKET   ANATOMIST.
                MUSCLES.

                   HEAD.

Occipito-frontalis.  Origin, two external thirds
   of superior transverse ridge of occipital bone.
   external and posterior part of mastoid process.
   Insertion, integuments of eye-brows.
Superior auris, or attollens aurem.  O, cranial
   aponeurosis.  I,  upper  and anterior part of
   cartilage of ear.
Anterior auris, or attrahens aurem.  O, poste-
   rior part of  zygoma, and cranial aponeurosis.
   I, anterior part of helix.
Posterior auris, or retrahens  aurem.  O, mas-
   toid process.  I, back part of concha.
Orbicularis palpebrarum.  O, internal angular
   process of os frontis, and upper edge of tendo
   oculi.  I,  nasal process  of superior maxilla,
   and inferior edge  of tendo oculi.
Tensor tarsi.  O, posterior edge of os unguis.
   I, lachrymal ducts.
Corrugator supercilii.   0,  internal angular pro-
  cess of os frontis.   I, middle of eye-brow. 
6
POCKET ANATOMIST.
Pyramidalis nasi.   0, proceeds from occipito-
  frontalis.  I, compressor nasi.
Compressor nasi.   0, canine fossa, in superior
  maxilla.   I, dorsum of nose.
Levator labii superioris, aleeque  nasi.  0, 1st,
  upper extremity of nasal process of superior
  maxilla; 2d, edge of orbit.  I, ala nasi, upper
  lip, and orbicularis oris.
Zygomaticus minor.   O, upper  part of malar
  bone.  I, upper lip, near commissure.
Zygomaticus major.   O, lower  part of malar
  bone.  I, angle of mouth.
Levator anguli oris.   O,  canine fossa below
  infra orbital foramen.  I, commissure of lips,
  and orbicularis oris.
Depressor  labii superioris aleeque nasi.  O, al-
  veoli of canine and incisor teeth.  I, integu-
  ments of upper lip, and fibrocartilage of sep-
  tum and ala nasi.
Depressor anguli oris.  O, external oblique line
  on outer side of lower jaw, from anterior edge
  of masseter to mental foramen.  I, commis-
  sure of lips.
Depressor labii inferioris.   O, side and  front of
  lower maxilla.  I, half of lower lip, and orbi-
  cularis oris.
Levator labii inferioris.   O, alveoli of incisor
  teeth.  I, integuments of chin.
Orbicularis oris.    Surrounds  the  opening  of
  mouth.
Buccinator.  O, 1st, two last alveoli of superior
  maxilla;  2d,  external surface of posterior al-
  veoli of lower maxilla; 3d, intermaxillary li-
  gament.   I, commissure of lips. 
muscles—Head.
7
Masseter, anterior portion.  O, superior maxilla
  where it joins the malar bone, and inferior
  edge of the latter.  I, outer surface of angle
  of lower maxilla.  Posterior portion; O, edge
  of malar bone and zygoma.  I, external side
  of angle and ramus of jaw.
Temporalis.  O, all beneath semicircular ridge
  on  parietal bone, and temporal  fossa and
  fascia.  I, coronoid process of inferior maxilla
  to last malar teeth.
Pterygoideus internus.  O, inner side of exter-
  nal pterygoid plate and pterygoid process of
  palate bone.  I, inner side of angle of jaw and
  rough surface above.
Pterygoideus externus.   O, outer side of exter-
  nal pterygoid plate, from crest on great wing
  of sphenoid, and back part of tuberosity of
  superior maxilla.  I,  anterior  and  internal
  part of neck of  lower jaw and interarticular
  cartilage.

                   NECK.

Platysma-myoides.  O, cellular membrane cov-
  ering upper part of deltoid  and pectoral  mus-
  cles, and also from clavicle.  I, 1st, chin; 2d,
  fascia along the  side of lower jaw; 3d, fascia
  covering parotid.
Sterno-cleido  mastoideus.   O, upper  and an-
  terior part of first bone of sternum, and sternal
  third (sometimes half) of clavicle.  I, upper
  part of mastoid process, and external third of
  superior transverse ridge of occipital bone.
Sterno-hyoideus.   O, posterior surface of first 
8           POCKET ANATOMIST.
   bone of sternum, cartilage of first rib, sternal
   end of clavicle, and sterno-clavicular capsule.
   I, lower border of body of os hyoides.
 Sterno-thyroideus.   O, posterior surface of ster-
   num, and cartilage of second rib.  I, oblique
   line on ala of thyroid cartilage.
 Omo-hyoideus.   O, superior costa of scapula
   behind the  semilunar  notch, and from liga-
   ment covering the notch; sometimes from the
   base  of coracoid  process, and  occasionally
   from acromial end of clavicle.  I, into lower
   border  of os hyoides,  at  the junction  of its
   body and cornu.
 Digastricus.   O, groove  in  temporal bone in-
   ternal to mastoid process.  I, rough depres-
   sion on inner  side of base of jaw close to
   symphysis.
Mylo-hyoideus.   O, oblique line on inner sur-
  face of side of maxilla.  I, base of os hyoides
  and middle tendinous line between that bone
  and chin.
Genio-hyoideus.  O, inner side of chin, above
  digastric. I, base of os hyoides.
Hyo-glossus.  O, cornu and  body ofoshycides.
  I, side of tongue.
Genio-hyo-glossus.   O,eminence inside of chin,
  beneath  fraenum  linguae.   I, mesial line  of
  tongue from apex to base, and body and lesser
  cornu of os hyoides.
Lingualis—a fasciculus of fibres on  the inferior
  surface of tongue, running from base to apex.
Stylo-hyoideus.   O, outer side of styloid process,
  near its base.  I, cornu  and body of os  hyoi- 
muscles—Neck.
9
  des, and fascia connecting digastric tendon to
  this bone.
Stylo-glossus.   O,  styloid process, near  its
  point, and stylo-maxillary ligament.  I, side
  of tongue.
Sty lo-pharyngeus.   O, back part of root of sty-
  loid process.  I, side of pharynx, cornu of os
  hyoides, and thyroid cartilage.

                  PHARYNX.

Constrictor pharyngis inferior.  O, side of cri-
  coid cartilage, inferior cornu, and posterior
  part of ala of thyroid cartilage.  I, mesial line
  on back of pharynx.
Constrictor pharyngis medius.  O,  cornu and
  appendix of os hyoides, also from stylo-hyoid
  and thyrohyoid ligaments.  I, mesial line
  and cuneiform process.
Constrictor pharyngis  superior.  O,   petrous
  bone, lower part of internal pterygoid  plate
  and hamular process, also fron intermaxillary
  ligament, posterior third of mylohyoid ridge,
  and side of base of tongue.  I,  cuneiform
  process and middle line on back of pharynx.

                  PALATE.

Levator  palati.  O, petrous bone  in front of
  foramen  caroticum, and behind eustachian
  tube.  I, broad, into velum.
Tensor palati vel circumflexus palati.  O, de-
  pression  at root of internal pterygoid plate,
  from spinous  process of sphenoid, and  fore? 
10          POCKET ANATOMIST.
  part of eustachian tube: turns round hamular
  process, and expands on velum.
Motor uvulae.  O, posterior extremity of spine
  of palate bones.  I, cellular tissue of uvula.
Palato glossus  vel  constrictor isthmi faucium.
  O,  inferior surface  of velum.  I,  side  of
  tongue.
Palato pharyngeus.  O, inferior surface of pa-
  late.  I, side and back of pharynx and into
  cornu of thyroid cartilage.

                   LARYNX.

Thyro-hyoideus.   O, oblique  ridge  on ala of
  thyroid cartilage.  I, lower edge of cornu of
  os hyoides.
Crico-thyroideus.   O, forepart of cricoid car-
  tilage.  I,  lower border of thyroid.
Thyro-arytenoideus.   O, posterior surface  of
  thyroid  cartilage.  I, anterior edge  of ary-
  tenoid cartilage.
Crico-arytenoideus lateralis.  O, upper edge of
  side of cricoid cartilage.   I, base of arytenoid.
Crico-arytenoideus posticus.  O, depression on
  posterior surface of cricoid.   I, outside of base
  of arytenoid cartilage.
Arytenoideus—fills  the interval between ary-
  tenoid cartilages; oblique fibres run from apex
  of one cartilage to the base of opposite; trans-
  verse  fibres are attached to posterior surface
  of each cartilage. 
MUSCLES.
11
           DEEP MUSCLES OF NECK.

Longus colli.   O, bodies of three superior dor-
  sal, and  four inferior cervical vertebrae, from
  the intevertebral ligaments, also from the head
  of the first rib and anterior tubercles of trans-
  verse processes of four last cervical vertebrae.
  I, forepart of 1st, 2d, and 3d  cervical verte-
  brae.
Rectus capitis anticus major.  O, anterior tu-
  bercles of transverse  processes of four last
  cervical vertebrae.   I, cuneiform process.
Rectus capitis  anticus  minor.  O,  transverse
  process of atlas.  I, cuneiform process.
Rectus capitis  lateralis.  O, transverse process
  of atlas.   I, semilunar ridge or jugular process
  of occipital bone.
Scalenus  anticus.   O,  anterior  tubercles  of
  transverse processes of 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th
  cervical vertebrae.  I, upper surface of first
  rib, near cartilage.
Scalenus  medius.  O,  posterior  tubercles  of
  transverse processes of four or five inferior
  cervical vertebrae.   I, upper surface of 2d rib.
Scalenus  posticus.    O, posterior tubercles  of
  two or three lower cervical vertebrae.  I, up-
  per edge of 2d rib between tubercle and angle.

                   THORAX.

Pectoralis major.  O, sternal half of clavicle,
  anterior surface of sternum, cartilages of 3d,
  4th, 5th and 6th true ribs, and from aponeuro- 
12          POCKET ANATOMIST.
   sis common  to it, and  external oblique.   I,
   anterior edge of bicipital groove and fascia of
   arm.
 Pectoralis minor.  O, external surface and up-
   per edge of 3d, 4th, and 5th ribs, sometimes
   from the 2d.   I, inner and upper surface of
   coracoid process.
 Subclavius.   O, cartilage of 1st rib.  I, external
   half of inferior surface of clavicle.
 Serratus  magnus.   O, eight or nine superior
   ribs.   I, base  of scapula.
 22 Intercostales—11 external.  O, inferior edge
   of each rib commencing at transverse pro-
   cesses of vertebra?.  I, external lip of superior
   edge of the rib beneath, going on  to  costal
   extremity of cartilages.   11 internal.   O, at
   sternum from inner lip of lower edge of each
   cartilage and  rib, on to angle.  I, inner  lip
   of superior edge of cartilage, and rib beneath.
 Levatores costarum.  0, extremity of each dor-
   sal transverse process.  I, upper edge  of rib
   beneath, between tubercle and angle.
 Triangularis sterni.   O, posterior  surface and
   edge of lower part of sternum and  xiphoid
   cartilage.  I, cartilages of 4th, 5th, and 6th
   ribs.

                    BACK.

Trapezius.  O, internal third of superior  trans-
   verse ridge of occipital bone, ligamentum
   nuchas, spinous processes of last cervical, and
  all the dorsal  vertebrae.   I, external third of 
              muscles—Back.            13

   clavicle and of acromion process, also  upper
   edge of spine of scapula.
 Latissimus dorsi.  O, six inferior dorsal spines,
   and  by lumbar  fascia from  all the lumbar
   spines, from back of sacrum, posterior third of
   crest of ilium, and  from three or four last
   ribs.  I, inner or posterior edge of bicipital
   groove.
 Rhomboideus minor.   O, lower part of  liga-
   mentum  nuchoe,  and  last cervical spinous
   process.  I, base of scapula, opposite to, and
   above the spine.—Major.  O, four  or five su-
   perior dorsal spines.  I, base of scapula, from
   spine to inferior angle.
 Levator anguli scapulae.  O, posterior tubercles
•  of transverse processes of four or five superior
   cervical vertebrae.   I, base  of scapula, be-
   tween spine and superior angle.
 Serratus  posticus superior.   O,  ligamentum
   nuchae, and from two or three dorsal spines.
   I, second, third, and fourth ribs external to
   their angles.
 Serratus posticus inferior.  O, two last dorsal,
   and two upper lumbar spines.  I, lower edge
   of four inferior ribs anterior to their angles.
 Splenius colli.  O, spines of third, fourth, fifth,
   and sixth dorsal  vertebrae.   I, transverse
   processes of three or four superior cervical
   vertebrae.—Splenius capitis.   O, spinous pro-
   cesses of two superior dorsal and three inferior
   cervical vertebrae,  and  from ligamentum
   nuchas.  I,  back part of mastoid process, and
   into occipital bone, below superior transverse
   ridge. 
14          POCKET ANATOMIST.
Sacro-lumbalis.  O, posterior third of crest of
  ilium, oblique and transverse processes of sa-
  crum, sacro iliac ligaments, and from trans-
  verse and oblique processesof lumbar vertebrae.
  I, all the ribs near their angles.
Longissimus dorsi.  O, posterior surface of sa-
  crum, transverse and  oblique processes of
  lumbar vertebra?.  I, internally into all the
  dorsal vertebrae, externally into all  the  ribs
  between their tubercles and angles.
Spinalis dorsi.   O, two  superior  lumbar  and
  three inferior dorsal spines.  I, nine  superior
  dorsal spines.
Musculi accessorii.   O, superior edge of each
  rib.   1, tendons of sacro lumbalis.
Cervicalis descendens.   O, by  4 or  5 tendons ■
  from as many superior  ribs between  their tu-
  bercles and angles.   I, Transverse processes
  of 4th, 5th, and 6th cervical vertebra?.
Transversalis colli.  O, transverse processes of
  five or six superior dorsal vertebra?.  I, trans-
  verse  processes of three or four inferior cer-
  vical vertebrae.
Trachelo mastoideus.   O, transverse processes
  of 3 or 4 superior dorsal vertebra? and as many
  inferior  cervical.  I, inner and back part of
  mastoid process.
Complexus.    O, transverse and  oblique  pro-
  cesses of 3 or 4 inferior cervical,  and 5 or 6
  superior dorsal vertebrae.  I, occipital  bone
  between the two transverse ridges  close to its
  fellow.
Spinalis colli.   O, transverse processes of five
  or six superior dorsal  vertebra?.   I, by  four 
             muscles—Back.            15

  heads into spinous processes of second, third.
  fourth, and fifth cervical vertebrae.
Semispinalis  dorsi.   O, by five or six tendons
  from transverse processes of the dorsal verte-
  brae from the fifth to the eleventh.  I, by five
  or six tendons into the extremity of two in-
  ferior cervical and three or four superior dor-
  sal vertebrae.
Multifidus spinae.—The first arises from spine
  of dentatus,  and is inserted into transverse
  process of third, and so on to the last, which
  arises from spine of last lumbar vertebra, and
  is inserted into the false transverse process of
  sacrum.
Interspinales—are described by name.  They
  seem double  in the neck.
Inter-transversales—are attached and situated
  as their name implies.
Rectus  capitis  major.   O, spinous  process of
  second vertebra.   I, inferior transverse occi-
  pital ridge.
Rectus  capitis posticus  minor.   O, posterior
  part of atlas.  I, occipital bone behind foramen
  magnum.
Obliquus capitis inferior.  O, spinous process of
  second vertebra,  I, extremity of transverse
  process of atlas.
Obliquus capitis superior.    0, upper part of
  transverse process of atlas.  I, occipital bone,
  between its transverse ridges just behind the
  mastoid process. 
16          POCKET ANATOMIST.
             UPPER EXTREMITY.

             Shoulder and Arm..

Deltoides.  O, lower edge of spine of scapula,
  anterior edge of acromion and external third
  of clavicle.  I, rough surface on outer side of
  humerus.
Supraspinatus.   O, all that portion of scapula
  above its spine, and from fascia covering this
  muscle.  I, upper and forepart of great tube-
  rosity of humerus.
Infraspinatus.  O, inferior surface of the spine
  of scapula and dorsum of this bone below this
  process (as low as the posterior ridge, on the
  inferior costa), also from  the aponeurosis  of
  this muscle.  I, middle of external tuberosity
  of humerus.
Teres  minor. O, depression between the two
  ridges on inferior costa of scapula, from the
  fasciacovering it, and from ligamentous septa
  enclosing it.   I, inferior depression in great
  tuberosity of humerus.
Subscapularis.  O, all the surface and circum-
  ference of subscapular fossa.  I, small tuber-
  cle of humerus.
Teres major.  O, rough flat surface on inferior
  angle of scapula, below infra spinatus.   I, in-
  ner or posterior edge of bicipital groove.
Coraco-brachialis.   O, point of coracoid process,
  and tendon of short head of biceps.  I, inter-
  nal side of humerus about the middle, and
  ridge leading to internal  condyle 
      muscles—Shoulder and Arm.     17

Biceps—short head.  O,coracoid process.  Long
  head,  O, upper part of glenoid ligament  of
  scapula.  I, back part of tubercle of radius.
Brachialis anticus, or externus.   O, centre  of
  humerus by two fleshy slips, one on either side
  insertion of deltoid, from  forepart of bone
  down to condyles, and as far as intermuscular
  ligaments.  I, coronoid  process of ulna and
  rough surface beneath that process.
Triceps extensor cubiti—long, or middle head.
  O, lower part of neck of scapula and anterior
  portion of inferior costa;—external, or 2d
  head.  O, below insertion of teres minor from
  a ridge on the outer side of humerus, and from
  the bone behind this ridge, from intermuscu-
  lar  ligament,  and from external condyle—
  third, or short  head.  O, below insertion  of
  teres  major, ridge leading to internal condyle,
  and internal intermuscular ligament.  I, ole-
  cranon process.

            Fore-Arm and Hand.

Palmaris brevis.  O, annular ligament and pal-
  mar fascia.  I, integuments on inner side of
  palm  of hand.
Pronator radii teres.  0, anterior part of internal
  condyle, fascia of fore arm, and its intermus-
  cular septa and coronoid process of ulna.  I,
  outer and back part of radius about its centre.
Flexor  carpi radialis.   O, inner condyle and
  intermuscular septa.  I, base  of metacarpal
  bone  of index finger.
Palmaris longus.  O, inner condyle, and fascia
        B 
18          POCKET ANATOMIST.
   of forearm.  I, near root of thumb into  an-
   nular ligament and  palmar aponeurosis.
 Flexor carpi ulnaris.   O, inner condyle, inner
   side of olecranon process, inner edge of near
   whole length of ulna, and fascia of forearm.
   I, pisiform bone and base of fifth metacarpal
   bone.
 Flexor digitorum sublimis perforatus.   O,  in-
   ternal condyle, internal lateral ligament, co
   ronoid process, and radius below  its tubercle.
   I, anterior part of second phalanx.
 Flexor digitorum profundus  perforans.   O,
   three superior  fourths of anterior  surface of
   ulna, internal half of interosseous  ligament,
   sometimes from radius below tubercle.  I,
   last phalanx of each finger.
 Flexor  pollicis longus.  O, forepart  of radius
   below tubercle to within two inches of carpus,
   sometimes from coronoid  process.   I, last
   phalanx of thumb.
 Pronator quadratus.  O, inferior fifth of anterior
   surface  of ulna.  I, anterior  part of inferior
  fourth of radius.
Supinator radii longus.   O,  external ridge of
  humerus  from  below deltoid to  within two
  inches of  outer condyle, also from intermus-
  cular ligament.  I, rough surface on  outside
  of radius near styloid process.
Extensor  carpi radialis  longus.  O,  ridge  of
  humerus between  supinator longus and ex-
  ternal condyle.   I, back part of carpal end of
  metacarpal bone of index finger.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis.  O, inferior and
  posterior part of external condyle and external 
     muscles—Fore-Arm and Hand.   19

  lateral ligament.   I, carpal extremity of the
  third metacarpal bone.
Extensor  digitorum communis.  O, external
  condyle, the fascia, and its intermuscular pro-
  cesses and from ulna.  I, phalanges of four
  fingers.
Extensor  carpi  ulnaris.  O, external  condyle
  fascia and intermuscular septa, also from ul-
  na.  I, carpal end of fifth metacarpal bone.
Anconaeus.  O, external condyle  at posterior
  and inferior part.  I, external surface of the
  olecranon and superior fifth of posterior  sur-
  face of ulna.
Extensor  minimi digiti.  O, in common with
  the last.  I, posterior part of the phalanges of
  little finger.
Supinator radii brevis.  O,  external condyle,
  external lateral and  coronary ligaments, and
  ridge on outer side of ulna, which commences
  below its lesser sigmoid  cavity.  I,  upper
  third  of external ana anterior surface of this
  bone  from above its tubercle  to insertion of
  pronator teres.
Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis, or abductor
  pollicis.   O, middle  of posterior part of ulna
  below anconaeus,  interosseous ligament and
  posterior_surface of  radius, below supinator
  brevis. <-. % os trapezium, and upper and back
  part of metacarpal bone of thumb.
Extensor primi internodii pollicis. or extensor
  minor.  O, back part of ulna below its middle,
  and from interosseous  ligament and radius.
  I, posterior  part of  first phalanx, and often
  into second. 
20          POCKET ANATOMIST.
Extensor secundi internodii pollicis, or extensor
  major.  O, posterior surface of ulna above its
  centre and interosseous membrane.  I, pos-
  terior part of last phalanx.
Extensor  indicis,  or  indicator.  O,  middle of
  posterior surface of ulna  and  interosseous
  membrane.  I, 2d and 3d phalanges.
Abductor pollicis.  O, anterior part of annular
  ligament, os naviculare and trapezium.   I,
  outside of base of first phalanx, and by an ex-
  pansion into both phalanges.
Opponens  pollicis, or flexor  ossis metacarpi.
  0, annular ligament and os naviculare.  I, an-
  terior extremity of metacarpal bone of thumb.
Flexor pollicis brevis. O, external or anterior
  head, from inside of annular ligament, and
  from  trapezium  and scaphoid bones.   I, ex-
  ternal sesamoid bone and base of 1st phalanx
  of thumb; 2d  head, or internal or posterior,
  arises from os  magnum and  base of metacar-
  pal bone of middle  finger.   I, internal sesa-
  moid bone and base of first phalanx.
Adductor pollicis.  O, three-fourths of anterior
  surface  of third metacarpal  bone.   I, inner
  side of the root of first phalanx of thumb.
Abductor indicis.  O, metacarpal bone  of fore-
  finger, and one half of that of thumb.  I, outer
  side of base of first phalanx.
Lumbricales.   O, outer side of the'tendons of
  the flexor profundus near carpus, a little be-
  yond  annular  ligament.   I, middle of first
  phalanx  into tendinous expansion  covering
  back of each  finger.
Abductor  minimi digiti.  O, annular ligament 
     muscles—Fore-Arm and Hand.   21

  and pisiform bone.  I, ulnar side of first pha-
  lanx.
Flexor brevis minimi digiti.   O, annular liga-
  ment and unciform bone.   I, base of first pha-
  lanx of little finger.
Adductor, or opponens minimi digiti.   0,  in-
  ternal to last and overlapped by it.   I, all  the
  metacarpal bone of this finger.
The four Interossei  antici, or  interni or pal-
  mares.  O, sides of metacarpal bones.  I, first
  phalanges and tendinous expansion covering
  dorsum of each finger, viz. first, or prior or
  externus indicis.   0, radial side  of  second
  metacarpal bone.   I, external  side of first
  phalanx of forefinger—Second, or posterior,
  or internus or adductor indicis.  O, ulnar side
  of second metacarpal bone.  I, inner side of
  first phalanx of forefinger—Third,  or prior or
  externus or adductor annularis.   0, radial
  side of fourth metacarpal bone.  I, external
  side of first phalanx of ring finger—Fourth, or
  abductor minimi digiti.  0, radial side of fifth
  metacarpal bone.  I, outside of  first phalanx
  of little finger.
Posterior interossei.  0, opposed  sides  of  two
  metacarpal bones.  I, base of first phalanx of
  each finger and posterior tendinous expansion
  __First, prior or externus medii.  0, second
  and third metacarpal bones.  I,  outer side of
  the base of the first phalanx of middle finger-
  Second, or externus medii, situated between
  metacarpal bones of middle and ring finger.
  I, innerside of first phalanx of middle finger-
  Third, or externus annularis, is between fourth 
22          POCKET ANATOMIST.
  and  fifth metacarpal bones.  I, inner side of
  ring finger.

                 ABDOMEN.

Obliquus externus, or descendens.  O, eight or
  nine inferior ribs at a little distance from their
  cartilages.   I, ensiform cartilage, linea alba,
  pubis, Poupart's ligament, and two anterior
  thirds of crest of ilium.
Obliquus internus, or ascendens.  O, facia lum-
  borum,  all the crest of ilium, and external
  third or fourth of Poupart's ligament.   I, car-
  tilages of seven inferior ribs, ensiform carti-
  lage  and whole length of linea alba, and by
  conjoined  tendons to symphysis and  upper
  edge of pubis, and  into linea innominata.
Cremaster.   O,  internal surface  of external
  third of Poupart's  ligament,  and  from lower
  edge  of obliquus  internus,  and sometimes
  from  transversalis  (frequently having  a  ten-
  dinous attachment to pubis).   I, tunica vagi-
  nalis.  A few fibres are lost in scrotum.
Transversalis.   O,  fascia lumborum,  crest of
  ilium, iliac  third of Poupart's ligament, seven
  lower ribs.  I, along with obliquus internus
  into whole  length  of linea alba,  upper edge
  of pubis and linea innominata.
Rectus.  O, upper and anterior part of  pubis.
  I, by internal fasciculus to ensiform cartilage,
  and costo xiphoid ligament, by the middb/to
  cartilage of sixth rib, and by external to car-
  tilage of fifth rib. 
            muscles—Abdomen.         23

Pyramidalis.  O, pubis.  I, linea alba, half-way
  to umbilicus.
Diaphragm—first, superior or true diaphragm.
  O, posterior surface of xiphoid cartilage, in-
  ternal surface of cartilages of last true, and
  all the false ribs from external or false  liga-
  mentum arcuatum, and from convex edge of
  true ligamentum arcuatum.  I, cordiform or
  central tendon, which tendon is divided into
  anterior, right and left portions; the first the
  largest, the last the smallest.   Second, Infe-
  rior portion, or appendices or crura.  0, right
  crus, from forepart of bodies of four first lum-
  bar vertebra?; left  crus, from sides of two or
  three first lumbar vertebrae.  I, posterior bor-
  der of cordiform tendon.
Quadratus lumborum.   0, posterior fourth of
  spine of ilium aud ilio-lumbar ligament.  1,
  extremity of transverse processes of four first
  lumbar vertebrae, and of last dorsal, also into
  internal surface of posterior half of last rib.
Psoas parvus.  0, side of last dorsal, and  first
  lumbar vertebra.  I, linea ileo-pectinaea, fascia
  iliaca, and fascia lata, behind femoral vessels.
Psoas magnus.   O, side of the body of two last
  dorsal, and bodies,  and transverse processes
  of all the lumbar vertebra?, and from inter-
  vertebral ligaments.   I, back  part of lesser
  trochanter and ridge below that process.
Iliacus internus.   0, transverse process of last
  lumbar vertebra, inner margin of three ante-
  rior  fourths of  crest of ilium,  two anterior
  spinous processes,  and  intervening  notch,
  brim of acetabulum, capsular  ligament, iliac 
24         ROCKET ANATOMIST.
  fossa and iliac fascia.  I, along with psoas
  magnus, or rather into it; the inferior fibres
  are inserted into anterior and inner surface of
  femur below lesser trochanter.

              MALE PERINEUM.

Sphincter ani.  O, from a ligamentous substance
  extending from os coccygis to rectum.  I, in
  front  of rectum  into raphe  and superficial
  fascia, and common central point of perinaeum.
Sphincter  internus  vel  orbicularis—encircles
  lower extremity of rectum close to mucous
  membrane.
Erector or compressor penis.  O, inner surface
  of tuber ischii, and from the insertion of great
  or inferior sacro-sciatic  ligament.  I, fibrous
  membrane  of corpus cavernosum, or crus
  penis.
Accelerator urince, or ejaculator seminis.  O,
  1st, triangular or interosseous ligament; 2d,
  by abroad tendon common to opposite muscle,
  and which lies above urethra, between it and
  pubis; 3d, more anteriorly, by  a tendinous
  expansion from the side of corpus cavernosum
  penis.   I, middle  tendinous line  or raphe of
  perinasum.
Transversalis perinaei.  O, inside of tuberosity
  of ischium.  I, central point of perinaeum.
Levator ani.   O, posterior part of symphysis
  pubis, obturator fascia,  ilium above  thyroid
  hole, inner surface of ischium,  and spinous
  process.  I, the anterior or pubic fibres  into
  central  point of perinaeum,  and forepart of 
       muscles—Male Perin um.     25

  rectum; the middle fibres into side of rectum,
  the posterior into back of rectum, and tendin-
  ous raphe extending from rectum to os coc-
  cygis and into the two last bones of coccyx.
Compressor urethra?.  O, by a tendon from in-
  side of symphysis pubis, about one-eighth of
  an inch above lower edge of arch.  I, below
  membranous portion of urethra, into a narrow
  tendinous line which becomes lost in central
  point of perinaeum.
Coccygeus.  O, inner surface of spine of ischi-
  um.  I, extremity of sacrum and side of coc-
  cyx.

            INFERIOR EXTREMITY.

         Forepart and Sides of Thigh.

Tensor vaginae   femoris.   O, anterior superior
  spinous process of ilium.   I, duplicature of
  fascia lata on  outer side of thigh, about three
  inches below  the great trochanter.
Sartorius.  O, anterior superior spine of ilium
  and notch below that process.  I, upper end
  of tibia, below tubercle.
Rectus  femoris.  O, anterior  inferior spinous
  process of ilium, superior and external border
  of acetabulum and capsular ligament.  I, up-
  per edge of patella, and by a few fibres  into
  ligamentum patellae.
Vastus externus. O, root and anterior part of
  great trochanter, outer edge of linea aspera,
  oblique ridge  leading to external condyle, all
  the external  surface of the bone, and from 
26          POCKET ANATOMIST.
   fascia lata.  I, external  surface of tendon of
   rectus, side of patella, and head of tibia.
 Vastus internus.   O, anterior part of femur,
   from the intertrochanteric line, all  the inner
   edge of linea aspera, and inner side of femur.
   I, inner edge of tendon of rectus, patella and
   head of tibia.
Crura?us.  O, anterior and external part of fe-
   mur, commencing at  intertrochanteric line,
   and extending along three fourths of bone as
   far outwards as linea aspera.  I, upper  and
   outer edge of patella, and synovial membrane
   of knee.
Gracilis.  O, lower half of symphysis and in-
   ner edge of descending ramus of pubis.  I,
  superior part of internal surface of tibia.
Pectinaeus.  O, linea  innominata on horizontal
  ramus of pubis.  I, rough ridge leading from
  lesser trochanter to  linea aspera.
Triceps adductor femoris.
  1.  Adductor longus.  O, anterior surface of
    pubis, between spine and symphysis.  I,
    middle third of linea aspera.
  2.  Adductor brevis.   O, anterior inferior sur-
    face of pubis, between symphysis and thy-
    roid hole.  I, superior third of internal root
    of linea aspera, extending three inches be-
    low lesser trochanter.
  3. Adductor magnus.   O, anterior surface of
    descending ramus ofpubis,ram us of ischium,
    and external border of tuberosity of ischium.
    I, rough ridge leading from great trochanter
    to linea aspera, linea aspera  and internal
    condyle of femur. 
MUSCLES.
27
                    HIP.

Glutaeus maximus.  O, posterior fifth of crest
  of ilium, rough surface between the crest and
  superior semicircular ridge, posterior ilio sa-
  cral ligaments, and lumbar fascia, tubercles on
  posterior surface of sacrum, side of coccyx,
  and  great sciatic  ligament.   I, rough edge
  leading from trochanter to linea aspera, upper
  third of that line, and fascia lata.
Glutaeus  medius.   O, deep  surface of fascia,
  extending from  its anterior edge to the crest
  of ilium, three anterior fourths of crest of ilium,
  superior semicircular ridge leading from an-
  terior spinous process of ilium to upper  part
  of sciatic notch, and surface of ilium above
  and below that ridge.  I, upper and outer part
  of great trochanter.
Glutoeus  minimus.   O, inferior  semicircular
  ridge on dorsum of ilium, rough surface be-
  tween it and edge of acetabulum.  I, upper
  and anterior part of great trochanter.
Pyriformis.  O, anterior or concave surface of
  2d, 3d, and 4th divisions of sacrum, and by a
  few  fibres  from the anterior  surface of the
  great sciatic ligament, and from  upper and
  back part of ilium.  I, upper part of digital
  fossa, at the root of great trochanter.
Gemellus superior.   0, spine of ischium.   I,
  upper part  of digital fossa of great trochanter
  along with obturator internus.
Gemellus  inferior.   0, upper part of tuber 
28          POCKET ANATOMIST.

  ischii, and great sciatic ligament.  I, digital
  fossa with the former.
Obturator internus.  0, superior or pelvic sur-
  face of obturator or thyroid ligament, all the
  circumference of obturator foramen (except
  where the nerve and vessels pass), and from
  ligamentous arch beneath these, pubes inter-
  nally, ischium inferiorly, and from  a thin
  strong fascia of some name, covering and se-
  parating this muscle from levator ani.  I,
  digital fossa of great trochanter.
Quadratus  femoris.    0, external surface  of
  tuber ischii.  I, inferior and posterior part of
  great trochanter, and posterior intertrochan-
  teric line.                    *
Obturator externus.  0, inferior surface  of ob-
  turator ligament, surrounding surface of pubis
  and ischium.  I, lower part of digital fossa.

            BACK PART OF THIGH.

Biceps flexor cruris—long head.  O, outer and
  back part of tuber ischii;—short head, 0, linea
  aspera from below  insertion of glutaeus maxi-
  mus to within two inches of external condyle.
  I, head of fibula.
Semitendinosus.  0, great tuberosity of ischi-
  um, with  long head  of biceps, and from ten-
  don of biceps  for  three inches.   I, anterior
  angle of tibia below tubercle.
Semimembranosus.   O, upper and outer part of
  tuber ischii.  It divides into three processes,
  one passing outwards, another  downwards,
  and a third forwards. First, is inserted into 
    muscles—Back Part of Thigh.   29

external condyle of femur, and termed poste-
rior ligament of knee, or ligament of Win-
slow ; second, inserted into posterior part of
heads of tibia and fibula; third, into head of
tibia.
                    LEG.

      Anterior and External part of Leg.

Tibialis anticus.  0, outer part of two superior
  thirds of tibia, head of fibula, inner half of
  interosseous ligament, fascia of leg, and inter-
  muscular septa.   I, inner side of great cunei-
  form  bone, and base of first metatarsal bone.
Extensor digitorum  longus.   0, external part
  of head of tibia, head of fibula, and from about
  3-4ths of this bone, part of interosseous liga-
  ment, fascia of leg and intermuscular  septa.
  I, last phalanx of each of four external toes.
Extensor pollicis proprius.   0, inner edge of
  middle third of fibula, interosseous ligament
  nearly as low as ankle, lower part  of tibia.
  I, by two tendinous fasciculi, one into base
  of first, and the other into base of second pha-
  lanx of great toe.
Peronaeus tertius, or anticus.   0, anterior sur-
  face of lower half of fibula.  I, base of fifth
  metatarsal bone, and frequently sends a band
  of fibres to join fourth tendon of extensor com-
  munis.
Extensor  digitorum brevis.   0, upper and an-
  terior part of os calcis, cuboid bone, astragalus
  and annular ligament.   I,  internal tendon 
30          POCKET ANATOMIST.
  into base of first phalanx of great toe, the three
  others join outer edge of corresponding ten-
  dons of extensor digitorum longus, to assist
  in forming the aponeurosis which covers the
  dorsum of each toe.

              Outer part of Leg.

Peronaeus longus.    0,  around head of fibula,
  adjacent  surface of tibia, upper half of exter-
  nal angle of fibula, fascia and intermuscular
  septa.   I, outer  side of metatarsal  bone of
  great toe, and adjacent sesamoid bone, also
  into internal cuneiform and base of 2d meta-
  tarsal bone.
Peronaeus brevis.   0, outer and back part of
  lower half of fibula, and from intermuscular
  septa.  I, base of metatarsal bone of little toe,
  and into os cuboides.

                Back of Leg.

Gastrocnemius.   0, internal head  from  upper
  and back part of internal condyle of femur,
  and oblique ridge above it, the external from
  above external condyle.  I, lower and back
  part of os calcic.
Plantaris.  O, back part of femur above  exter-
  nal condyle, and  from posterior ligament of
  knee.  I, posterior part of os calcis  anterior
  to tendo-achillis.
Sala?us.  O,  external head, from back part of
  head, and  superior third  of fibula,  internal
  head, from middle third of tibia,  unites with 
          muscles—Back of Leg.       31

   gastrocnemius to form tendo-achillis.  I, lower
   and back part of os calcis.
 Poplitaeus.  O, depression on outer condyle.  I,
   flat triangular  surface, occupying superior
   fifth of posterior surface of tibia.
 Flexor digitorum perforans.   0, posterior flat
   surface of tibia,  from  below poplitaeus  to
   within three inches of ankle, from fascia and
   intermuscular septa.  I, last phalanx of  each
   of four lesser toes.
 Tibialis posticus.  O, posterior and internal part
   of fibula,  upper part of tibia and almost entire
   length of interosseous ligament.  I, tuberosity
   on  inferior and internal part of os naviculare,
   internal  cuneiform bone, cuboid and second
   and third metatarsal bones.
 Flexor  pollicis longus.   0, two inferior thirds
   of fibula.   I, last phalanx of great toe.

                    FOOT.

 Abductor pollicis.  0, lower and inner part of
   os calcis, internal annular ligament, plantar
   aponeurosis, and internal intermuscular sep-
   tum.  I, internal sesamoid bone, and internal
   side of base of first phalanx of great toe.
 Flexor digitorum brevis perforatus.   O, inferior
   and internal part of os calcis. internal annular
   ligament, plantar aponeurosis, and intermus-
   cular septa.  I, second  phalanx of four outer
   toes.
Abductor minimi digiti.  O,  outer side of  os
  calcis, strong ligament extending  from this
  to fifth metatarsal bone, base  of the latter, 
32          POCKET ANATOMIST.
  plantar fascia, and its external intermuscular
  septum.   I, outer side of base of first phalanx
  of little toe, and adjoining surface of meta-
  tarsal bone.
Musculus accessorius.  0, inferior and internal
  part of os calcis.  I, upper and outer part of
  tendon of flexor digitorum longus just before
  it divides.
Four  Lumbricales.  0, tendons of  flexor digi-
  torum longus.  I, internal side of first phalanx
  of four lesser toes.
Flexor pollicis brevis.  0,  lower and anterior
  part of os calcis and external cuneiform bone.
  I, sesamoid  bones beneath  first phalanx of
  great toe.
Adductor pollicis.   0, calcaneo cuboid ligament,
  base of second and third metatarsal bones.  I,
  external sesamoid bone with the last.
Transversalis pedis.  O, anterior extremities of
  four external metatarsal  bones.  I, external
  sesamoid bone of great toe.
Flexor brevis  minimi  digiti.  0,  cuboid and
  fifth metatarsal bone, and from the sheath of
  perinaeus  longus tendon.  I, inner  side  of
  base of first phalanx of little  toe.
Seven Interossei muscles.   Three seen on sole,
  and four on dorsum of foot.
Inferior are named interossei interni, or inferi-
    ores.
  1st, or adductor medii digiti, situated between
    second  and  third  metatarsal  bones, 0,
    chiefly from inner  side of latter bone,  I,
    inner side of first phalanx of third or middle
    toe. 
MUSCLES--Foot.
33
  2d, or adductor quarti digiti.  O, inner side
    of fourth metatarsal bone.  I, inner side of
    first phalanx of fourth toe.
  3d, Adductor  minimi digiti.   O, fifth meta-
    tarsal bone.   I, inner side of little toe.
Superior,  or interossei externi,  are  bicipital
    muscles.
  1 st, Adductor digiti secundi.  O, internal side
    of second metatarsal bone, and from outer
    side of first.   I, inner side of base of first
    phalanx of second toe.
  2d, Abductor  digiti  secundi.   O,  opposite
    surfaces  of  second  and third  metatarsal
    bones.  I, outer side of first phalanx of se-
    cond toe.
  3d, Abductor medii  digiti.  O, opposite sur-
    faces of third and fourth metatarsal bones.
    I,  outer  side of first phalanx  of third or
    middle toe.
  4th, Abductor digiti quarti.   O, opposite sur-
    faces of fourth and fifth metatarsal bones.
    I, outer side of first phalanx of fourth toe.

       INTERNAL EAR AND BALL OF EYE.

                 Tympanum.

Stapedius.  O, within the pyramid.  I, neck of
  the stapes.
Tensor tympani.  O, in the canal in the petrous
  bone above the Eustachian tube.  I, into the
  short process  below the neck of the malleus.
Laxator tympani.  O, spinous  process of sphe-
  noid bone, and from Eustachian tube.  I, into 
34          POCKET ANATOMIST.
processus gracilis of malleus, or process of
Raw.
                    Orbit.

Levator palpebrfe superioris.  O, upper edo-e of
  foramen optieum.   I, superior border of tarsal
  cartilage, and into superior palpebral sinus of
  conjunctiva behind the palpebral ligament.
Obliquus superior.   O, on the inner side of the
  preceding.  I, sclerotic coat  between the su-
  perior and externa] recti.
Obliquus  inferior.  O, orbital edge of superior
  maxillary bone above infraorbital foramen. I.
  sclerotic coat behind the transverse axis of eye.
  and between sclerotic coat and external rectus.
Rpctus superior vel  attolO O, optic foramen.
  lens oculi.
Rectus inferior  v. depres
  sor oculi.
Rectus internus v. adduc
  tor oculi.
Rectus externus v. abduc-
  tor oculi.
the external being
also  attached  to
foramen lacerum.
I,   behind  cornea
about a quarter of
an inch. 
arteries—Arch of Aorta.      35
                ARTERIES.*

                   AORTA.

                Arch of Aorta.

i. Arteria coronaria dextra vel anterior.
  I. Superior branch.
  2. Inferior branch.
  3. Posterior branch.
u. Arteria coronaria sinistra v. posterior.
  1. Superior branch.
  2. Inferior branch,
in.  Arteria innominata.
  1. Middle thyroid artery.
  2. Right common carotid artery.
    a. External carotid artery.
      a. Superior thyroid.
        a.. Ramus hyoideus.
        /8. Ramus superficialis.
        y. Ramus laryngeus^
        5.  Ramus thyroideus.
      b. Lingual artery.
        a.. Ramus hyoideus.
        /8. Arteria dorsalis linguae.
        y. Arteria sublingualis.
        S.  Arteria ranina.
      c. Labial, fascial, or external maxillary.
        st. Arteria palatina inferior.
        /g. Arteria tonsillaris.
        y. Arteria? glandulares.

           *  As described by Harrison. 
36          POCKET ANATOMIST.

        ef. Arteria submentalis.
        i. Arteria labialis inferior.
        g. Arteria coronaria inferior.
        o. Arteriae massetericce.
        9. Arteria coronaria superior.
        t. Arteria nasi lateralis.
        k. Arteria angularis.
      d. Sterno mastoid or muscular artery.
      c. Occipital artery.
        *. Posterior meningeal artery.
      f. Posterior auricular artery.
        *. Muscular branches.
        /g. Branch to stylo-mastoid foramen.
        y. Anterior branch to cartilage of ear.
        t. Posterior branch to side of cranium.
      g. Ascending pharyngeal artery.
        a.. 3 or 4 Internal branches.
        0. External branches.
        y. Branches to dura mater.
      h. Transverse artery of face.
        «. Ascending branches.
        0. Descending branches.
      i. Temporal artery.
        a. Arteriae anteriores auris.
        0. Arteriae capsulares.
        /. Arteria temporalis media.
        {. Arteria temporalis posterior.
        i.  Arteria temporalis anterior.
      k. Internal maxillary artery.
        a. Arteria meningea media.
        0. Arteria dcntalis vel maxillaris infe-
          rior.
        y. Arteriae pterygoids.
        S.  Arteriae temporales profunda?.
        ». Arteriae massetericte. 
       arteries—Arch of Aorta.       37

       <£\  Arteriae buccales.
       h.  Arteria dentalis vel  maxillaris su-
         perior.
       8.  Arteria infra orbitalis.
       i. Arteria palatina descendens.
       k.  Arteria nasalis.
  b.  Internal carotid.
     a &  b. Arteriae receptaculi.
     c. Arteria ophthalmica.
       et.  Arteria lachrymalis.
       0. Arteria centralis retinae.
       y. Arteria supra orbitalis.
       S.  Arteria? ciliares breves et longae.
       t.  Rami musculares.
          t Anterior ciliary arteries.
       £". Arteria ethmoidalis.
       » & 6. Arteria palpebralis superior and
          inferior.
       i.  Arteria nasalis.
       k. Arteria frontalis.
     d. Arteria posterior communicans.
     e. Arteria cerebri anterior.
       a. Arteria communicans anterior.
       0. Ramus inferior
       y. Ramus superior.
     /. Arteria cerebri media.
       a. Choroid artery, &c.
       0. Superficial branch.
       y. Deep  branch.
3. Right subclavian.
  A. Vertebral artery.
    a. Arteria cerebelli inferior vel posterior.
    b and c. Arteriae medullae spinalis posterior
        et anterior.
  a. Arteria basilnris. 
38           POCKET ANATOMIST.

     a. Arteria cerebelli anterior vel superior.
       a..  Branch to meatus internus.
     b. Arteria cerebri posterior.
   b. Internal mammary artery.
     a. 5 arteriae intercostales anteriores.
       a. & 0. Rami superiores and inferiores.
     b. Arteriae mediastini.
     c. Arteria comes nervi phrenici.
     d. Arteria musculo phrenica.
       a..  6 anterior intercostal  branches.
       0.  Branches to diaphragm.
     e. Ramus abdominalis.
   c. Axis thyroideus.
     a. Arteria thyroidea  inferior  vel ascen-
         dens.
     b. Arteria cervicalis ascendens.
     c. Arteria supra scapularis vel transver-
         salis humeri.
       a. Arteria acromialis superior.
       0.  Arteria supra-spinalis.
       y.  Arteria infra-spinalis.
     d. Arteria transversalis colli.
       *.  Arteria cervicalis superficialis.
       0.  Arteria scapularis posterior.
   d. Arteria cervicalis profunda.
   e. Arteria intercostalis superior.
 3. Axillary artery.
   a. Arteria thoracica acromialis.
     a. Pectoral branches.
     b. Branches to shoulder.
     c. Inferior acromial artery, &c.
   B. Arteria thoracica suprema.
   c. Arteria  thoracica alaris.
   d. Arteria thor.acica  longa vel  mammaria
     externa. 
        arteries—Arch of Aorta.       39

  e. Arteria subscapularis.
    a. Ramus anterior.
    b. Ramus posterior, or arteria circum-
         flexa scapulae.
      a.. Ramus ascendens vel arteria  infra-
          spinata.
      0. Ramus descendens.
  f. Arteria circumflexa posterior.
  g. Arteria circumflexa anterior.
3. Arteria brachialis
  a. Arteria profunda superior.
  b. Arteria profunda inferior.
  c. Arteria anastomotica magna.
  l>. Arteria nutritia humeri.
  e. Arteria radialis.
    a. Arteria radialis recurrent.
    b. Arteria superficialis voiae.
    c. Arteria anterior carpi radialis.
    d. Arteria dorsalis carpi radialis.
    e. Arteria dorsalis pollicis radialis.
    /. Arteria dorsalis pollicis ulnaris.
      a. Arteria dorsalis indicis.
    g. Arteria magna vel princeps pollicis
    A. Arteria radialis indicis.
    i. Arteria palmaris profunda.
  f. Arteria ulnaris.
    a &/• b.   Arteria reourrens  anterior  and
      posterior.
    c. Arteria interossea.
      st. Arteria? recurrentes anteriores.
      0.  Arteria interossea anterior.
        t Anterior branch.
        t Posterior branch.
      y.  Arteria interossea posterior. 
40          POCKET ANATOMIST.

          t Posterior interosseous, recurrent or
              ascending.
          t Descending branch.
              Middle branches.
              External branches.
              Internal branches.
     d & e.  Arteriae carpi ulnaris anterior et
       posterior.
     /.  Arteria communicans vel profunda.
     g. Arteria palmaris superficialis.
iv.  Left common carotid.
v. Left subclavian.

                Thoracic Aorta.

i. Superior bronchial arteries.
ii. Inferior bronchial artery, or arteries.
in. Arteria? cesophageae.
iv.  Arteriae intercostales.
  1. Posterior branches.
  2  Anterior branches.
a & b.  Ascending and  descending branches.
c & d.  Superior and inferior branches.

              Abdominal Aorta.

i. & n.  Arteriae phrenicae.
  1. External branches.
  2. Internal branches.
ill. Arteria vel axis cceliaca.
  1. Arteria gastrica  vel coronaria ventriculi.
    a. Ramus superior.
    b. Ramus inferior.
  2. Arteria hepatica.
    a. Arteria pylorica superior. 
arteries—Abdominal Aorta.     41
    b. Arteria gastrica-duodenalis.
      a. Arteriee pyloricae inferiores.
      b. Arteria pancreatica duodenalis.
      c. Arteria gastro-epiploica dextra.
    c. Arteria hepatica sinistra.
    d. Arteria hepatica dextra.
      a. Arteria cystica.
         *. To coats of gall bladder.
         0. To gall bladder and liver.
  3.  Arteria splenica.
    a. Arteriae pancreatica? parvae.
    b. Arteria pancreatica magna.
    c. Vasa brevia.
    d. Arteriae splenicae.
    E., Arteria gastro-epiploica sinistra.
iv. Arteria mesenterica superior.
  1.  Branches to pancreas and duodenum.
  2.  Arteria colica media.
    a. Right  branch.
    b. Left branch.
  3.  Arteria colica dextra.
    a. Superior branch.
    b. Inferior branch.
  4.  Arteria ileo-colica.
    a. Superior branch.
    b. Middle branch.
    c. Inferior branch.
  5.  Branches to jejunum and ilium are 16 to
    20.
v. & vi. Arteria? capsulares vel atrabiliariae.
vn. & vm. Arteriae renales vel emulgentes.
ix. & x. Arteriae spermaticae.
xi.   Arteria? lumbales (5 on each side).
  1.  Spinal branches. 
42          pocket anatomist.

  2. Posterior muscular branches.
  3. External or abdominal branch.
xn. Arteria mesenterica inferior.
  1. Arteria colica sinistra.
    a. Ascending branch.
    b. Descending branch.
  2. Arteria sigmoidea.
  3. Arteria haemorrhoidalis superior et interna.
xin. Arteria sacra media.

            COMMON ILIAC ARTERY.

i.  Internal iliac artery.
  1. Ileo-lumbar artery.
    a. Ascending branches.
    b. Descending branches.
    c. External branches.
  2. Sacro-lateral artery.
  3. Middle haemorrhoidal artery.
  4. Vesical arteries.
  5. Umbilical artery,
  6. Uterine artery.
  7. Vaginal artery.
  8. Thyroid  or obturator artery.
    a Branches within the  pelvis.
    b. Posterior or external  branch.
    c. Anterior or internal branch.
  9. Gluteal artery.
    a. Superficial branch.
    b. Deep branch.
       a. Branch to substance of ileum.
       b. Superior branches.
       c. Middle branches.
       d. Inferior  or descending branches. 
        arteries—Common Iliac.       43

  10. Sciatic artery.
    a. Coccygeal artery.
    b. Comes nervi ischiadic!.
    c. Muscular branches.
  11. Internal pubic artery.
    a. External hasmorrhoidal arteries.
    b. Perinaeal artery.
    c. Transverse artery of perinaeum.
    d. Artery of the bulb vel spungiosi urethrae.
      a. Branch to gland of Cowper.
      6. Branch to corpus spungiosum.
    e. Artery of corpus cavernosum.
    f. Dorsal artery of penis.
n. External iliac artery.
  1.  Epigastric artery.
  2. Circumflex ilii artery.
n. Femoral artery.
  1.  Superficial epigastric artery.
  2.  Superficial or external pubic arteries, su-
      perior and inferior.
  3.  Superficial circumflex ilii artery.
  4.  Arteria profunda femoris.
    a. External circumflex artery.
      a. Ascending branches.
      b. Circumflex branches.
      c. Descending branches.
    B. Internal circumflex artery.
      a. Branches to perinaeum, &c.
      b. Branch to acetabulum.
      c. Superior branch  to  digital cavity of
           trochanter.
      d. Inferior branch.
    c. Arteria perforans prima.
    d. Perforans secunda. 
44          pocket anatomist.

    e. Perforans tertia.
    f. Perforans quarta.
  5. Arteria anastomotica magna.
n. Popliteal artery.
  1. Rami musculares superiores.
  2. Arteria articularis superior externa.
    a. Superficial branch.
    b. Deep branch.
  3. Arteria articularis superior interna.
    a. Superficial branches.
    b. Deep branches.
  4. Arteria articularis media vel azyga.
  5. Arteria articularis inferior externa.
  6. Arteria articularis inferior interna.
  7. Rami musculares inferiores.
  8. Posterior tibial artery.
    a. Peronaeal artery.
       a. Anterior peronaeal artery.
       b. Posterior peronaeal artery.
    b. Internal plantar artery.
    c. External plantar artery.
       a. Perforating branches.
       b. 4 digital arteries.
  9. Anterior tibial artery.
    a. Arteria recurrens.
    b. Rami musculares.
    c. Arteria malleolaris interna.
    d. Arteria malleolaris externa.
    e. Arteria tarsi.
    f. Arteria metatarsi.
    g. Ramus communicans.
    h. Arteria pollicis

             PULMONARY ARTERY. 
nerves—Cerebral.          45
                 NERVES.

             CEREBRAL NERVES.

i. Olfactory nerves.
  1.  Internal branches about 10 to septum.
  2.  Middle branches to the roof of each nostril.
  3.  External branches descend on turbinated
    bones.
n. Optic nerves become retina, which is divisi-
  ble into three tunics, viz.  serous, nervous, and
  vascular.
in.  Motores oculorum.
  1.  Superior branch or smaller.
    a. Smaller division to  superior rectus.
    b. Larger division to levator palpebrae.
  2.  Inferior branch or larger.
    a. A filament, which with ramus ciliaris of
         the nasal branch  of  ophthalmic divi-
         sion of the fifth pair, forms the
      a. Lenticular or ophthalmic ganglion
          between  optic  nerve  and  external
           rectus.
         a.. Inferior ciliary fasciculus.
         0. Superior ciliary fasciculus.
         y. Internal ciliary fasciculus.
    b. Internal branch to internal rectus.
    c. Middle branch to inferior rectus.
    d. External branch to inferior oblique. 
46          POCKET anatomist.
iv. Trochleator or pathetic to upper surface of
    superior oblique.
v. Trigemini.*
    Threads to unite with great intercostal.
   1. Ophthalmic division
    A. Frontal nerve.
      a. Small filament to unite with infra-tro-
         chlear twig of nasal branch.
      1. Supra-trochlear  twig,  and on passing
         out of orbit becomes internal  frontal
         nerve.
      c. Proper frontal.
    u. Lachrymal nerve.
      a. Mesial or internal twig to gland, up-
         per eyelid, &c.
      b. Exterior or temporal twig to join sub-
         cutaneous of superior maxillary.
    c. Nasal nerve.
      a. Threads to third pair.
      6. Ramus ciliaris, contributing to lenticu-
         lar ganglion.
      c. Infra-trochlearis passes out of orbit.
   2. Superior maxillary nerve.
    a. Malar or subcutaneous of cheek.
    b. Infra-orbitary nerve.
      a. Posterior dental nerve.
         st.  Anterior branch to buccinator mus-
           cle.
         0.  Posterior branch to  prominence be-
           hind superior maxilla, three posterior
           teeth, &c.

  * The  trigemini are according to Profesaor Lizar'a
description. 
           nerves—Cerebral.          47

     b. Anterior dental nerve to antrum, nose,
       teeth, &c.
   c. Ptery go-palatine, forms ganglion Mec-
       kelii.
     a. Palatine nerve.
       <t. External palatine to velum palati,
         &c.
       0.  Superior posterior nasal nerves: a
         branch from each side, uniting with
         the  termination of palatine forms
         ganglion naso-palatinum at foramen
         incisivum.
       y. Inferior posterior nasal nerves.
       J". Branches to pterygoid muscles and
         velum palati.
       s. Terminates in filaments to gums and
         soft palate.
   .  b. Pterygoid or Vidian nerve.
       a. Posterior superior nasal nerves.
       0. Petrosal branch first sends
        t Branches to tensor  tympani, and
          joins fascial, afterwards is reflect-
           ed and becomes
       0. Chorda tympani.
         \ Twig  to laxator tympani  major,
           and ultimately joins the gustatory
           nerve.
       y. Intercostal branch, to assist in form-
        ing  great intercostal with reflected
        twigs of abducens.
3.  Inferior maxillary nerve.
  a.  Superior branch.
    a. Masseteric twig to muscles and arti-
       culation of maxilla. 
48          POCKET ANATOMIST.
      b. Exterior deep temporal twig
      c. Internal deep temporal twig.
      d. Superficial temporal  or auricular  tn
        articulation, and joins with fascial ami
        occipital of 2d cervical.
      e. Buccinator twig is largest to surround-
        ing parts.
      f. Pterygoid nerve.
    b. Inferior branch.
      a. Mandibulo-labialis or  inferior max
        illary.
        a.. Mylohyoideus branch.
      I. Lingual branch joined by chorda tym-
        pani.
vi.  Abducens to  ocular surface of external rec-
  tus muscle.
vn. Portio dura,  or fascial nerve.
  1. Twigs to tensor tympani and stapedius.
  2. Posterior auricular.
  3. Stylohyoid nerve to digastric and stylohy-
    oid muscles, and  anastomosis with sym-
    pathetic and  glosso-pharyngeal nerves.
  4. Submastoid nerves.
  5. Temporo-fascial communicates with auri-
    cular of inferior maxillary, and with cervi-
    co-fascial, forming with the latter the pes
    anserinus.
    a. Temporal division.
    b. Malar division.
    c. Buccal division.
  6. Cervico-fascial nerve.
    a. Maxillary division  unites with mental
       nerve and temporo-fascial.
     b. Submaxillary. 
            nerves—Cerebral.          49

    c. Cervical branches.
vn. Portio mollis, or auditory nerve.
  1.  Anterior branch to cochlea.
  2.  Posterior  to vestibule and semicircular ca-
    nals.
vm.  Glosso-pharyngeal nerve, or 1st branch of
    8th pair.
  1.  Twigs to carotid plexus in cavernous sinus.
  2.  Filaments to fascial, pneumo-gastric, and
    sympathetic nerves.
  3.  Branches to  pharyngeal plexus, some de-
    scend and unite with sympathetic and car-
    diac nerves, others ascend to amygdala.
  4.  Branches to stylo-pharyngeus,  hyo-glos-
    sus, and superior and middle constrictors of
    pharynx, mucous membrane of fauces, &c.
  5.  Branches  to root of tongue.             \
vm.  Pneumogastric nerve, or nervus vagus, or
   2d branch  of 8th pair.
  1.  Pharyngeal nerve, receives a twig from
      spinal accessory.
    a. Branches to assist in forming pharyngeal
      plexus, &-c.
  2.  Superior laryngeal nerve.
   a. Filament to  pharyngeal plexus (which
      plexus sends branches to mucous  mem-
      brane of pharynx and fauces).
   b. External division to sterno and hyothy-
      roid muscles, &c. thyroid gland, and cai
      tilages of larynx.
   c. Internal division perforates  thyrohyoid
        membrane.
      a. Branches to epiglottis  and  mucous
        membrane,  &c.
D 
50
POCKET ANATOMIST.
       b. Long branch to crico-thyroid muscle.
    D. Filaments to carotid artery, sympathetic
       and cervical nerves.
    e. Cardiac branches.
  3. Inferior laryngeal nerve or recurrent.
    a. Cardiac branches.
    b. Branches to forepart of trachea and thy-
       roid gland.
    c. Branches to pharynx and laryngeal mus-
       cles.
  4. Pulmonary branches.
    a. Anterior branches pass in front of bron-
       chial tubes, and form the
       a. Anterior pulmonary plexus.
        st. Filaments  to  pulmonary vessels,
          lungs, and pericardium.
    b. Posterior branches to join posterior pul-
       monary plexus.
  5. Posterior pulmonic plexus, formed by the
       vagus increasing at the root of each lung.
    a. Filaments to bronchial  tubes and sub-
      stance of lungs.
  Oesophageal  plexus, or plexus gulae, is  the
    union and encircling of the opposite nerves
    on the oesophagus.                        .
  Cardiac plexus is their union on the stomach.
    The left  nerve is anterior on the stomach,
    the right posterior.
vm. Nervus accessorius, or third branch of 8th
    pair.
  1. Filaments  to  sternomastoid and cervical
    plexus.
  2. Terminates in trapezius muscle and inte-
    guments. 
            nerves— Cerebral.          51

ix. Lingual, or 9th pair of nerves.
  1.  Branches to  lingualis  and  genioglossus
    muscle and tongue.
  2.  Descendens noni receives a filament from
    pneumogastric  and  internal  descending
    branches  of  cervical plexus,  forming a
    triangular plexus which goes to  omo and
    sterno-hyoid and thyroid muscles, and sends
    some filaments to the chest.
  3.  Filaments to constrictors of pharynx and
    stylo-pharyngeus, and one to  thyrohyoid
    muscle.
  4.  On hyoglossus it sends branches to sur-
    rounding muscles and gustatory branch of
    5th pair.
  5.  Terminates in genio-hyoglossus.


              SPINAL NERVES.

     Eight Cervical Nerves and 1st Dorsal.

i. Posterior  branches  are  small, unless the 2d,
  which accompanies the occipital artery, the
  rest go to  neighbouring muscles.
n. Anterior branches ; the first, or suboccipital,
    twists  round atlas  to anterior branch of
    second, and forms the
  Nervous loop, or arch of atlas;  the four supe-
    rior form the
  1.  Cervical plexus, by uniting together,
    a. Ascending branches.
      a.  Superficial branches to  platisma, in-
        teguments, parotid, ear, back of head;
        chief branch  is  superficialis vel  as- 
52          POCKET ANATOMIST.
      cendens colli, from  third cervical to
      parotid and accompanying external ju-
      gular.
    b. Deep branches to sterno-mastoid, di-
      gastric, splenius and adjacent muscles.
  b. Descending branches.
    a. Internal branches.
      ct.  Superficial branch to join descen-
        dens noni.
      0. Deep branch, or phrenic nerve, or
        internal respiratory—chiefly  from
        fourth cervical, often a filament from
        brachial plexus.
          t Branches to inferior cava, liver,
            oesophagus, and stomach.
          t Terminates on diaphragm.
    b. External  branches.
      <*. Superficial branches to  clavicle,
        acromion  process, pectoral, and del-
        toid muscles and integuments.
      0. Deep branches descend behind cla-
*        vicle and  supply muscles on side of
        neck and  those connected with sca-
        pula ; the largest branch, named ex-
        ternal respiratory,  goes to serratus
        magnus.
2.  Brachial plexus, formed by the junction of
    anterior branches of four inferior cervical
    and 1st dorsal.
  a. Thoracic nerves are four or five in num-
      ber, and  from upper part of plexus;
      they divide into
    a. Anterior  thoracic branches, which de-
      scend behind clavicle in front of axil- 
nerves— Spinal.           53
     lary artery,  and supply the pectoral
     muscles.
   b.  Posterior thoracic nerves, pass behind
     the vessels to serratus magnus, poste-
     rior scalenus and rhomboid muscles.
 B. Supra scapular nerve.
   a.  A branch to supra spinatus.
   b. Branches to infra spinatus and teres
     muscles.
 c  Subscapular nerves are three or four in
   number, descend behind the vessels to
   subscapular, latissimus  dorsi, and  teres
   major muscles.
 D.  Internal cutaneous nerve.
   a. External  branch descends as low as
    wrist.
   b. Internal branch  descends  towards in-
    ternal condyle, and divides into branch-
    es to inner and posterior part of forearm.
 e. External  cutaneous—musculocutane-
    ous, or perforans Casserii.
  a. Branches to coraco-brachialis, biceps
    and brachiaeus anticus.
  b. Anterior branch  to ball of thumb and
    palm of hand.
  c. Posterior branch to dorsum of hand.
f. Median or brachial  nerve the largest
    branch.
  a. Branches to muscles  of arm and fore-
    arm, but none to  the supinators.
  b. Anterior interosseal nerve supplies the
      deep flexors.
    <t.  Division to pronator quadratus.
    0.  To dorsum of hand. 
54          POCKET ANATOMIST.

      c. Superficial branch  given  off above
        wrist, to palm of hand.
      d. 5 Digital branches.
    c. Ulnar nerve.
      a. Muscular branches.
      b. Dorsalis  carpi ulnaris  to three inner
        fingers, and  integuments on dorsum
        of hand.
      c. Superficial palmar branch divides into
        a.. Three digital branches.
      d. Deep palmar branch.
    h. Musculo-spiral nerve.
      a. Branches to triceps.
      b. Cutaneous branch goes on to thumb.
      c. Branches to long and short supinators
        and extensors.
      d. Anterior branch, or radial nerve, de-
          scends  along  inner side of and sup-
          plies supinator longus.
        st.  Branch to integuments of thumb.
         0.  Branch to dorsum of hand, supply-
          ing  index  and middle finger, and
          communicating with dorsalis ulnaris.
      e. Deep branch, or posterior  interosseal
          nerve.
         «.  Superficial branches to  superficial
          muscles.
         0.  Deep branches to deep muscles.
      /. Circumflex or articular nerve.
         et.  Branches  to subscapular muscle,
          &c.
         0.  Superior branch.
         y.  Inferior branch. 
nerves—Spinal.           55
       Eleven Inferior Dorsal Nerves.

1. Posterior branches  to muscles and integu-
  ments of back and loins.
n. Anterior  or intercostal branches.  The 2d
    and 3d are smaller than the first, and at
    angle of ribs pass between intercostal mus-
    cles, and running along the  lower edge of
    each rib supply surrounding muscles ; op-
    posite the axilla they send off,
  1. The  nerves  of  Wrisberg,  or cutaneous
    nerves of arm.
  2. End  in cutaneous and muscular branches
    to lateral and forepart of thorax.
Last 9 are similar to  the  2d and 3d in  distri-
  bution,  supplying intercostal  and  adjacent
  muscles; the two last go chiefly to diaphragm,
  and the twelfth sends a branch to join the 1st
  lumbar; they are all connected by one or two
  short branches to the ganglions of sympa-
  thetic.

        Five Pairs of Lumbar Nerves.

i. Posterior branches.
n.  Anterior branches unite in the psoas to form
    the
  Lumbar plexus.
    1. External inguino-cutaneous.
      a. Branches to abdominal muscles.
      b. Cutaneous branch to integuments on
        outer part of thigh.
      c. External spermatic nerve. 
56          TOCKET ANATOMIST.
2. Middle inguino-cutaneous to skin on outer
  part of thigh.
3. Internal inguino-cutaneous.
  a. Branch to cord accompanying spermatic
    vessels.
  b. Branch to  integuments and glands of
    groin.
4. Anterior  crural nerve, from four superior
    nerves.
  a . Superficial fasciculus, 4 or 5 long branch-
    es, and piercing fascia lata descend to
    knee.
  b. Deep fasciculus.
    a. External muscular branches to vastus
      externus, rectus, iliacus internus, and
      tensor vaginae femoris.
    b.  Internal muscular branches to sarto-
      rius, vastus internus, and cruraeus.
    c.  Branches to femoral artery, 3 or 4 in
      number, going near to knee.
    d. Internal  saphenus  nerve, joins  sa-
      phena vein at knee on coming out be
      tween gracilis  and sartorius;  it goes
      on to inner side of foot, sending  off nu-
      merous  branches to integuments.
5. Obturator nerve from 3d lumbar.
  a.  Twigs to obturator internus.
  b.  Anterior branch to adductor brevis, pec-
    tinaeus and vastus internus.
  c.  Posterior branch  to gracilis, adductor
    magnus and longus.
6. Lumbo-sacral  nerve from 4th and  5th
  lumbar. 
nerves— Spinal.           57
    a. Superior gluteal to glutaeus medius and
      minimus.
    b. Communicating branch to join first sa-
        cral nerve or sciatic plexus.

         Five Pairs of Sacral Nerves.

i. Posterior branches.
u. Anterior branches, the 3 superior  are very
    large, the two last much  smaller, and the
    5 with the branch of last lumbar, form the
  Sacral plexus.
  1. Internal or pelvic branches.
    a. Haemorrhoidal, vesical, uterine and va-
        ginal.
  2. External branches.
    b. Lesser sciatic nerve.
      a. Superficial  branches  pass over ham-
        string  muscles with posterior cutane-
        ous nerve, and are lost in these mus-
        cles.                                %
      b. Deep  branches to quadratus femoris,
        upper  part  of adductor magnus, hip
        joint, &c.
    c. Inferior  glutaeal nerve to glutaeus maxi-
      mus, perinaeum, and inner side of thigh.
    d. Posterior cutaneous nerve, to thigh and
      leg posteriorly.
    e. Pubic  nerve.
      a. Inferior  branch to muscles  of peri-
        naeum and scrotum.
      b. Superior branch to glans penis.
    f. Great sciatic,orposterior crural nerve.
      a. Cutaneous  and muscular branches, 
58          POCKET ANATOMIST.

        the latter to  ham-strings, gracilis, and
        adductor magnus.
      b. External poplitaeal or peronaeal nerves.
        st. External  cutaneous nerves of leg,
          they communicate with external sa-
          phenus.
        0. Musculo-cutaneous nerve.
          t Internal tarsal or dorsal nerves, to
            integuments of first and second
            toes.
          t External tarsal  or  dorsal  nerves,
            to three  outer toes.
        y. Anterior tibial nerve.
          t Branches to integuments.
          t Branch to extensor digitorum bre-
            vis, cutaneous,  and communicat-
            ing filaments.
          t Terminating branches to first in-
            terosseal muscle, and  communi-
            cates with plantar nerves.
        Internal poplitaeal  or posterior tibial.
        et. Posterior or external saphenus.
        0. Muscular  branches to  gastrocne-
          mius, soleus, plantares and deep mus-
          cles.
        y. Filaments to posterior  and anterior
          tibial arteries.
        J\ Internal plantar nerve.
          t 4  Digital brandies.
        «. External plantar nerve.
          t Superficial branch to little toe and
            outer side of fourth.
          1  Deep branch  to plantar  muscles
            and interossei. 
nerves—Sympathetic.        59
   SYMPATHETIC OR GANGLIONIC
                NERVES.

The Sympathetic communicate with the Spinal
  nerves: to each Cervical, by one filament, and
  to the Dorsal, Lumbar, and Sacral, by two.

            CERVICAL GANGLIONS.

1. Superior cervical  ganglion  extending-from
    first to third sacral vertebra.
  1. Ascending or superior  branches  are  two
    ascending in  carotid canal  to  cavernus
    sinus, and communicates with the 6th and
    Vidian branch of 5th.
  2. Descending or inferior branches are  fila-
    ments to join laryngeal nerves and vagus,
    superior cardiac  and sympathetic  itself.
    The superior cardiac takes a long course,
    and, in passing to the chest, communicates
    with the laryngeal nerves, the vagus  and
    middle  and  inferior  ganglions of sympa-
    thetic.   It has sometimes a small gang-
    lion on it near inferior thyroid artery, pass-
    ing behind subclavian vein and over arteria
    innominata, it divides into several filaments;
    some pass along  the coats of that vessel to
    aorta, others join the recurrent nerve and
    middle and inferior cardiac nerves.
  3. Internal branches unite with pharyngeal
    plexus. 
60          POCKET ANATOMIST.
   4. External  branches join  superior cervical
     nerves.
   5. Anterior branches unite with others from
     vagus and fascial, and form a plexus around
     carotid artery from which branches proceed
     along external  carotid, forming branches
     around each principal branch, named ac-
     cordingly.
n. Middle cervical ganglion is sometimes want-
     ing.
   1. Branches to join cervical nerves and vagus.
  2.-Middle cardiac  nerve of right side is gene-
     rally the largest of the cardiac nerves, and
     is sometimes wanting on the left; entering
     thorax anterior to subclavian artery is joined
    by large branches from vagus and recurrent,
    and passing along innominata terminates
    in cardiac ganglion or plexus.
in. Inferior  cervical  ganglion lies between
    transverse  process of last cervical vertebra
    and neck of first rib.
  1.  Filaments  to phrenic nerve and  brachial
    plexus, subclavian artery,  and its branches.
  2.  Inferior cardiac nerve or nerves; the right
    descends along arteria innominata to arch
    of aorta  to  its forepart, and terminates in
    the anterior cardiac plexus; some branches
    pass between aorta and pulmonary artery
    to cardiac ganglion.  On the left side these
    nerves accompany the  subclavian artery,
    and partly join the middle cardiac nerve
    and partly the cardiac plexus.
Cardiac plexus, or cardiac ganglion, is situated 
         nerves—Sympathetic.        61

behind the ascending aorta near its origin in
front of trachea and right pulmonary artery ;
it consists of a plexus of nerves formed by the
cardiac from opposite sides, and branches of
the eighth pair and recurrent.  In the meshes
of this  plexus several small  ganglions  are
inclosed, and  to the aggregate of  these  the
term cardiac ganglion is applied.

          THORACIC GANGLIONS.

i. Branches to mediastinum ramify on aorta,
  &c, and communicate with the pulmonary
  plexus.
n. Great splanchnic nerve  from sixth,  sev-
  enth,  eighth, ninth, and tenth ganglions,
  and unite on the tenth dorsal vertebra into
  one cord, and entering the abdomen along
  with the aorta, or separated from  it by a
  fasciculus of trie diaphragm, expands  into
  the semilunar  ganglion.  The  semilunar
  ganglion of each side is situated  on  the
  diaphragm, and partly on aorta  on either
  side of ciliac axis, and communicating, are
  termed
Solar plexus, it is situated behind the  sto-
    mach, above  the  pancreas, in front of
    aorta.
  1. Branches in various directions  accom-
    panying the blood-vessels forming plex-
    uses around each, named accordingly, as
    hepatic, splenic  and gastric, and these
    communicate with the eighth pair. 
62          POCKET ANATOMIST.
   2. Branches descending  in  front of aorta,
     which subdivide at the renal and mesenteric
     arteries, accompanying them and forming
     plexuses, named  accordingly, viz. renal,
     superior and inferior mesenteric, and into
     each of these branches of the lumbar gang-
     lions enter
       a. Renal plexus.
         a. Spermatic plexus.
       b. Inferior  mesenteric  plexus,  sends
         branches descending to the edge of the
         pelvis, unite with others from the lum-
         bar ganglions, and forma plexus around
         the internal iliac artery and its branch-
         es, named  hypogastric plexus.  It is
        joined by numerous filaments from the
         iumbar and sacral  ganglions of sym-
         pathetic, and  communicates  with the
         pelvic branches of the  sacral plexus.
in. Lesser splanchnic nerve arises by two roots
  from the tenth and eleventh ganglions, and
  uniting on the side of the last dorsal vertebra,
  enters  the abdomen through  the crus of dia-
  phragm, and ends in the renal plexus.

             LUMBAR GANGLIONS.

The Lumbar ganglions are  five on each side,
    sometimes three or four.
  i. Branches to  anterior branches of lumbar
    spinal nerves.
  n. Branches to assist in forming the different
    abdominal plexuses. 
nerves—Sympathetic.        63
            SACRAL GANGLIONS.

The Sacral ganglions, are three or four in num-
    ber.
  i. Branches to sacral nerves.
  n. Filaments to hypogastric and pelvic plex-
    uses.
  m.  A small branch from the last ganglion on
      each side, which passes in front of coc-
      cyx, there forming ganglion impar, which
      sends
    1. Filaments to coccygeus, levator, and
      sphincter ani  muscles.
 
popular IJWcofcal  EEJorfts
                         BT

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