./. ARMED FORCES MEDICAL LIBRARY REFERENCE DIVISION PATHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF BURNS 19*12-1951 An annotated bibliography Compiled by Karl A. Baer Bibliographer Washington, D. C. June 1952 ♦References marked with an asterisk were not available for examination when the list was compiled. This does not necessarily mean that they are not available at Armed Forces Medical Library. Conversely, not all of the material listed without an asterisk is available at Armed Forces Medical Library. -i- PREFACE The problem of burns continues to be of major importance. Peacetime accidents and catastrophes involving burns have not been reduced significantly; burns as war wounds have increased in number and become more serious in character; in the area of civil defense, in the atomic age, it is clear that burn casu- alties will far outnumber radiation casualties. In consideration of these facts, the Armed Forces Medical Library has undertaken the compilation of this bibliography. We have had the good fortune to have as consultants Lt. Col. Edwin J. Pulaski of the Army Medical Service Graduate School, Dr. Sanford M. Rosenthal of the National Institutes of Health, and Dr. Gerard M. Turino of the National Research Council. They have stayed with the project from inception to completion, giving freely of their time, knowledge, and energy in an effort to make this compilation as useful as possible. On their ad- vice, the scope of this list has been limited to the pathology and physiology of burns, only. Material published prior to 1942 has been excluded, due to the existence of the excellent bibliography (1320 items) contained in H. N. Hand-ris' Treat- ment of Burns (Springfield, Thomas, 1942). No limitations as to language coverage have been observed. We have had a feeling of urgency about the production of this list; as a result, we set a target date for its completion and adjusted all other factors so that the deadline could be met, and the bibliography placed in the hands of users as quickly as possible. This has necessitated the employment of certain short-cut methods: 1) For the period 1942-1946, we have used, by permission of Dr. H. N. Harklns, the citations appended to his article on "The Treatment of Burns and Freezing" in Lewis' Practice of Surgery (Hagerstown, Prior). 2) These citations were supplemented by material taken from the Subject Index, which constitutes the imprinted portion of the Index-Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon General's Office. 3) Limited search was made, under the subject heading Burns and its subdivisions Pathology and Physiology and corre- sponding headings, in the following: -ii- Card catalog of the Armed Forces Medical Library Quarterly Cumulative Index Medicus 1946 + Current List of Medical Literature 1950 + (latest issue searched April 195^) Chemical Abstracts 1947 + Biological Abstracts 1943 + Bulletin Analytique~(Centre National de la Recherche sclentiiique, France) 1947 + 4) Bibliographies and citations found in the articles thus located were not searched further. 5) No special search was made for abstracts of the papers listed; only those found during the ordinary search were in- cluded. The inadequacies due to these limitations have been mini- mized through the generosity of Dr. Melvin H. Khisely of the University of South Carolina, Dr. H. N. Harkins of the Uni- versity of Washington, and Major Curtis P. Artz and Captain Eric Reiss of Brooke Army Medical Center, who put their own personal card files at our disposal. The bibliography has been arranged alphabetically by large subject groups, generally on the basis of the organ or system affected. Cross references have been held to a minimum. Ab- breviations used for journal titles are those adopted by the Index-Catalogue. The list itself was reproduced by photo-offset from the original cards used in collecting and annotating the material; for the difficult task of arranging the material thanks are due to Mrs. Alta Jean Stewart of the Armed Forces Medical Library staff. FRANK B. ROGERS Lt. Col., MC 15 June 1952 Director -iii- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES 1 BONES AND CARTILAGES 23 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 23 CLASSIFICATION AND STANDARDIZATION 29 DEATH (Mechanism; Rates) 33 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 34 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 40 GENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES 43 INFECTION AND BACTERIOLOGY 52 KIDNEYS 56 LEGAL ASPECTS 59 LIVER 61 MUSCLES 64 NERVOUS SYSTEM 64 NITROGEN BALANCE 67 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 73 SKIN 75 SPLEEN 83 SYSTEMIC EFFECTS (including shock) 83 PATHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OP THERMAL BURNS BODY FIUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES 1. Abbott, W. E., Hir»3hfeld, J. W., and Meyer, F. Metabolic alterations following thermal burns. II. Changes in the plasma volume and plasma protein in the convalescent phase. Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1945, 8l: 25-30. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946, 207 No. 9798. "Following the shock phase, burned animals^Ehat were maintained on an intake of food identical with that consumed before injury show a decided rise in their plasma volumes above the normal.... A marked increase in the total circulat- ing plasma proteins was present although a marked negative nitrogen balance existed for 2 to 5 weeks. A moderate decrease in the plasma albumin concentration and in the total circulating albumin occurred when the plasma volume increased. A definite anemia was present in the conva- lescent phase because of an actual decrease in the circu- lating red cell mass." 33 references. 2. Abbott, W. E., Hlrshfeld, J. W., Williams, H. H., Pilling, M. A., and Meyer, F. L. Metabolic alterations following thermal burns. VI. The effect of altering the nitrogen and caloric intake or of administering testosterone propi- onate on the nitrogen balance. Surgery, 1946, 20: 284- 294. Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1948, 42: 7595g. "Pol- lowing a thermal Injury, a fairly characteristic metabolic response Is illiclted which is dependent on the nature and severity of the Injury and on the individual reaction of the patient (sex, age. previous nutritional state, therapy, complications, etc.;. 50 references. 5. Abbott, W. E., Meyer, F., and Hlrshfeld, J. W. Alterations in the plasma volume and total circulating plasma pro- teins of burned animals during convalescence. Bull. Am. Coll. Surgeons, 1945, 50: 67. Abstract of a paper which was to be presented at-Ehe Forum on Fundamental Surgical Problems, Minneapolis, Minn., 1944. 4. Abbott, W. E-, Meyer, P. L., Hlrshfeld, J. V., and Oriffin, G. E. Metabolic alterations following thermal burns. IV. The effect of treatment with whole blood and an electrolyte solution or with plasma following an experi- mental burn. Surgery, 1945, 17j 794-804. Dog experiments and clinical report of 8 cases. "Inasmuch as burned ani- mals and patients usually show a marked retention of water during the postshock period, the fall in the plasma pro- tein, chloride, and sodium concentrations often does not indicate a deficiency of these elements but rather a dilution of them. The decrease noted in the plasma albumin concentration is due not only to dilution but also to an actual decrease as shown by the fall in the total circu- lating plasma albumin." 26 references. -2- FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) Abbott W. E., Pilling, M. A., Griffin, G. E., Hlrshfeld, jfw , an? Meyer! fT'l. Metabolic alterations follow- ing thermal burns. V. The use of whole blood and an electrolyte solution in the treatment of burned patients. Ann Surg!, 1945, 122: 678-692. "The alterations seen in «2 hematocrit 2nd-ln other blood constituents following a burn have been discussed. The effect of various forms of therapy on the blood chemistry has been presented. ... It is felt that the hematocrit cannot be employed as a reliable guide to the amount and type of fluid necessary for treating burned patients." 21 references. Alrich, E. M. Studies on burns. II. Observations on a vascoconstrictor substance in lymph from a burned area. Surgery, 1944, 15: 908-912. "Evidence is presented of a vascoconstricting substance in the lymph from an experi- mentally burned area. It is not due to the process of coagulation since lt is present when previously heparinized animals are employed. It is possible that this is the con- strictor substance observed in the circulating blood by Page. The substance has not been Identified nor^its re- lation to a supposed 'burn toxemia' established. 10 ref- erences . Alrich, E. M. Studies on burns. III. The effect of heparin on the circulating blood plasma and proteins in experi- mental burns. Surgery, 1949, 25_: 676-68O. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: pt. 2, 2492. "Heparinizatlon following a standard burn in dogs results in (1) an appre- ciable mortality, (2) a greater loss in plasma protein and plasma volume during the first twelve hours following burning, and (3) a greater return of lost plasma and pro- teins to the general circulation from twelve to thirty hours after burning than in control animals with a com- parable burn." 4 references. Alrich, E. M. Studies on burns. IV. Further observations on a vasoconstrictor substance in lymph from a burned area. Surgery. 1949, 25: 931-934. Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1950, 44: 9036a? Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: pt. 2, 193- "With repetition of the perfused ear method, less striking evidence of a vasoconstrictor substance in lymph from burned areas was observed. This may be due to further experience with the method, resulting in less chance of error. The three other methods showed no re- sults suggesting vasoconstrictor material in lymph from a burned area." 4 references. Alrich, E. M., and Lehman, E. P. Studies on burns. I. The effect of plaster confinement applied at varying inter- vals after burning. Surgery, 1944, 15_: 899-907. "Evi- dence is presented that plaster confinement of an experi- mental burn decreases the loss of plasma from the circu- lation. This effect depends at least to some degree on the time at which the confinement is Initiated, being less evident at longer intervals after the burn. Confining dressings have a favorable effect on local tissue loss." 7 references. -3- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) 10. Baker, J. V., Wight, A., Michel, A. J. D., and Cope, 0. A clinical and experimental evaluation of the influence of ACTH on the need for fluid therapy of the burned patient. Ann. Surg., 1951, 154: 6l4-6l6. Dog and human experiments failed to show any influence of ACTH on the abnormal capillary permeability following burns. 5 ref- erences . 11. Barac, G. Effet antidiuretique du sang veineux cephalique de chien brule a l'egard des reins innervfis. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1946, 140: 1125-1127- Nine experiments with jugulojugular cross-circulation tend to show that blood from the cephalic vein of a burned dog has an antidiuretic effect on the enervated reins of the dog with whom he is permanently exchanging blood. Paper read at the meeting of the Socie'te Beige de Biologie, March 1946. 1 reference. 12. Barac, 0. Hemoconcentration, volume du plasma circulant et diurdse aqueuse chez le chien brul«. C. rend. Soc. o^-',1949' i^: 988-990. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal CNRS, 1950, IT: pt. 2, 459- 5 references. 13. Barac, 0. Mlse en^evidence de 1'action antidiuretique du sang de chien brule a l'egard des reins innerv6s. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1946, 140: 1107-1109. 13 experiments with cross-circulation tend to show the antidiuretic effect of the blood of a burned dog on the enervated kidney. Paper read at the meeting of the Socle* t6 Beige de Biologie, January 1946. 1 reference. 14. Barac, 0. Nouvelles experiences relatives a 1'effet anti- diuretique du sang de chien brul6. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1949, 142.: 990-991. Abstracted In: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, U7 pt. 2, 459- Added evidence supporting the hypothesis that the diuretic effect of the blood of a burned dog is not mediated by the splanchnic nervous system. 1 reference. 15. Barac, G., and Nizet, A. Alterations morphologiques des hematies de chien, chauffees in vitro, ainsi que chez 1'animal brule. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1946, 140: 1215- 1215- Microcytes of varying size appear in blood heated in vitro to 50-55- These microcytes represent altered erythrocytes. Paper read at the meeting of the SociSte' Beige de Biologie, June 1946. 3 references. 16. Beck, W. V. Beeinflussung des Blutalkoholspiegels bei Ver- brennung und Elnatmung von Brandgasen. (Experlmentelle Untersuchungen.) Deut. Zschr. gerichtl. Med., 1940/41, 53: 95-102. At the occasion of an inquiry into an acci- dental death due to burning, animal experiments shoved that burning and Inhalation of burn gases do not affect the blood alcohol. 4 references. 17. Beecher, H. K., and McCarrell, J. D. Reduction of fluid loss from damaged (burned) tissues by a barbiturate. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 1945, 78: 59-48. "When tissues are damaged by heat, the resulting loss of fluid and protein -4- FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) a_n1ficftntlv by 8 references. Behrmann, V. G., Schelling, V-, and Hartman, P-v- Blood histamine levels in experimental burns. Am. J. Physiol., 1945 145: 483-490. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946 fO: No 14973- "An increase in blood histamine was observed" in 13 out of 14 animals burned over 50 per cent to 60 per cent of their body surface. ... The blood hista- mine level rose to 2.5 times the average normal figure within 24 to 48 hours after the burn, with a maximum ap- proximately 5 times the normal figure about the fourth day. After the sixth to seventh day the level decreased Kradually toward the normal. ... Our findings show no positive evidence that the elevated blood histamine levels stimulate excessive gastric acidity or play a role in the formation of Curling's ulcer." 15 references. Bingold, K. Zum Wesen der Hfimaturie nach Weichteilquet- schungen (lnfolge von Verschuttungen) und Verbrennungen. Munch, med. Wschr., 1944, 91: 39-40. In hemoglobinuria following burns the blood pigment filtered through the kidneys and excreted in the urine, has lost its catalaae even though no spectroscopic changes may be observed. This blood.may therefore, be completely discolored by use of H2O2(-broken down to pentdyopent). 3 references. Bosse, M. D., Gross, P., and Hagan, M. L. Unreliability of blood findings as criteria of burn shock in rabbits. Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1942, 7_5_: 665-667. 3 references. Bragagnolo, G., and Rotelli, L. Varlazioni del potassio ematico negli ustlonati. Arch. Ital. med. sper., 1947, 18: 3-12. In all second and third degree burns observed, an increase of blood potassium occurred, beginning shortly after the trauma and lasting for 3-12 days. French, Eng- lish and German summaries. 21 references. Braithwaite, F., and Moore, F. T. Some observations on anaemia in patients with burns. Brit. J. Plastic Surg., 1948, 1: 81-86. Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1951, 45_: 53031. In patients suffering from 3rd degree burns in- volving more than 15 per cent of the body surface anemia refractory to hematinlc factors develops after 4-5 days. It is "related to the burnt surface; this will not heal until the haemoglobin level is over 60 per cent., and the anaemia will persist if the burn does not heal." 6 ref- erences . Brown, A. Morphological changes in the red cells in rela- tion to severe burns. J. Path. Bact., Lond., 1046, 58: 367-372. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1947, 2T: No. 8800. "Investigation of the morphological changes occurring in the red cells of three very severely burned patients has shovn that fragmentation of the red cells and microspherocytosis occur within a few hours of the injury. ... The morphological changes occurring in the -5- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) red cells in burns can be attributed to the direct action of heat on the cells. The maximum effect is immediate fragmentation and destruction. If the damage is less severe microspherocytosis is produced and the affected cells are unduly susceptible to the physiological trauma of the circulation. Depending on the magnitude and rate of haemolysis, haemogloblnaemia and haemoglobinuria may occur." 14 references. 24. Cameron, G. R. Sudden shifts of body fluids. Proc. R. Soc. M., Load., 1946, 40: 1-6. Discussion of the "com- plicated pattern of events" observed "after the action of strong irritant liquids on the skin, thermal burning or inhalation of certain gases." 11 references. 25- Cameron, 0. R., Allen, J. W., Coles, R. F. 0., and Rutland, J. P. Acceleration of healing by pressure application to experimental thermal burns. J. Path. Bact., Lend., 1946, 58: 1-9. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946, 20» N07I2067. "The prompt application of pressure band- ages to thermal burns of the extremities of goats accel- erates the rate of healing and greatly reduces the mean healing time. Pressure interferes with effusion of plasma and the formation of fibrin at the burn site, decreases the amount of reparative tissue and probably lessens the chance of local infection." 2 references. 26. Cameron, G. R., Allen, J. W-, Coles, R. F. G., and Rutland, J. P. A study of the effects of applying pressure to experimental thermal burns. J. Path. Bact., Lond., 1945, 57t 37-46. "Goats exposed to extensive thermal burning (about 20 per cent total body surface) rapidly lose blood plasma Into the burnt area. ... This is accompanied by haemoconcentratlon, slight transient haemolysis, slight increase in blood non-protein nitrogen, decreased plasma and total blood volume and a steady decline in the serum protein concentration. Pathological changes are slight during the first 24 hours after burning. ... Plaster pres- sure bandages applied to extensive burns of the extremi- ties reduce haemoconcentratlon, loss of fluid and serum protein from the circulation and local oedema." 21 ref- erences . 27- Cameron, 0. R., Burgess, F., and Trenwith, V. An experi- mental study of some effects of acute anhydraemia. J. Path. Bact., Lond., 1946, 581 213-220. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946,^0: No. 19537- "In an attempt to simplify the problems afforded by a thermal burn we have studied the effects produced by acute anhydraemia after the subcutaneous introduction of hypertonic solu- tions of glucose and sodium chloride. ... Subcutaneous injection of large amounts of hypertonic glucose or sodium chloride solutions produces severe local oedema, acute anhydraemia, haemoconcentratlon and circulatory collapse. A temporary disturbance of N metabolism, in- dicated by a rise of blood non-protein nitrogen in the absence of pronounced renal failure, and a delayed tran- sient anaemia may follow on such conditions. Pathologi- cal changes resemble those associated with severe thermal burning. It is reasserted that many of the disturbances accompanying burning are the result of acute anhydraemia alone," 22 references. -6- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) 28. Campbell, D. A., Gabriel, L. T-, Jr., and Van Hoek, D. E. A study of the clotting mechanism in thermal turns. Surg. Forum, Am. College of Surgeons, 1950. 515-521. Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1951, 45: 9704i. "While Interesting changes were noted in several of the individual clotting factors, no marked defect in coagulation was observed. Therefore ... there is no reason to believe that thrombo- embolism in the burned patient may be expected in an inci- dence less than that observed in other seriously ill pa- tients." 9 references. 29. Chanutln, A., and Ludewig, S. The effeot of/^-chloroethyl vesicants, thermal Injury, and turpentine on plasma fibrin, cholesterol, and sugar of dogs and rats. J. Biol. Chem., 1947,.167: 313-320. Abstracted in: Excerpta med., Sect. 2, 19487T: 549. 30. Clark, E. J., and Rossiter, R. J. Carbohydrate metabolism after burning. Q. J. Exp. Physiol., Lond., 1943/44, 52: 279-300. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., 1944, 18: No. 15665. Detailed discussion of experimental hypoglycemTa and of its mechanism. "It is concluded that there are at least tvo distinct processes at work; (a) the liberation of adrenaline from the adrenal glands; (b) some other process or processes, either stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis or inhibiting glycogenosis. The source of the glucose Is chiefly the muscle glycogen, and it is suggested that it is mobilised by a mechanism similar to the Cori cycle." 70 references. 31. Cornel, M. Significato clinico e prognostico dell'ipopro- telnemia nell'ustionato grave. Athena, Roma, 1947, 13: 77-78. 5 references. — 32. Cope, 0. Anemia In burns. Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1947, 84: 999-1001. Translated in: Dla med., B. Air., 1947,T9: 903-905. "... The origin of this internal loss or oTsap- pearance of red cells is obscure but since lt appears only In patients with extensive deep burns, it is tempting to ascribe it to the infection of mixed organisms character- istic of the full thickness burn wound allowed to lie fallow and separate its slough spontaneously. ... The fate of the vanishing red cells is also obscure. ... In a patient with a severe burn the red cell formation may be reduced to less than a third of the normal." 9 refer- ences. ^ 33- Cope, 0., Graham, J. B., Moore, F. D., and Ball, M. R The nature of the shift of plasma protein to the extra- Y«hoular0space foll°ving thermal trauma. Ann. Sura. 1948, 128: 1041-1055. Experimental and cliS^ro?:' aervn.r.1 rms oh r»oFQ*»,=,,-,„^„ 34. servatlons. 24 references, wate?'anT?h«°?ri'HP;>,D- ^ distribution of body Surl^^T^il^oiS6^ 0fA?* J""** P^161*' *™- 1947 'fcf£30^55 "Tni e!t«^i?i° ^: Tr* **• Sur8- A88-» -7- FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) other diseases and normal human beings, dehydrated and given therapy. The measurements have included the plasma, thiocyanate and radlosodium volumes. ... In the burned patient an expansion of the extravascular extracellular space or Interstitial space is the Important feature of the disordered fluid balance. ..." 32 references. Cordier, D., and PerSs, G. Etude spectrale du sang a la suite des brulures cutanees. Spectres d'absorption de 1'hemoglobins dans les hematies et en solution aprds hemolyse. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1950, 144: 21-22. Ab- stracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, 12Tpt. 2, 1589. "Burn shock does not affect the absorption spectra of Hb. Spectral analysis shows different results in traumatic shock, histamine shock, burn shock, and progressive anoxia." (Bull. Anal. CNRS). Courtice, P. C. The effect of local temperature on fluid loss in thermal burns. J. Physiol., Lond., 1946, 104: 321-345. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., 1946, 20: N6T19539. Experiments with rabbits, dogs and goats. Contents: The effect of local temperature on the amount of oedema for- mation after scalding. - Effects of plasma loss on haemo- concentratlon and plasma proteins. - The effects of trans- fusion of plasma and serum. - The effects of local temper- ature on lymph flow from scalded paws of dogs. - The ef- fects of local temperature on the blood flow. - The effects of decreasing blood flow In the scalded hindlegs of rabbits by typing the femoral artery. - Effect of local temperature on recovery of the capillaries after a thermal burn. - Comparison of the effects of cold and of pressure band- ages. - The local loss of fluid. - The lymph and blood flow. 21 references. Cullumblne, H. The influence of cutaneous burning and leukotaxine on the adenosine equivalent of the blood of rabbits. J. Path. Bact., Lond., 1947, 59: 477-479. "The adenosine equivalent in the blood of rabTits is raised to similar levels by burning the skin of the animals and by Injecting them subcutaneously with amounts of leuko- taxine comparable to those extracted from the burned Bkin." 6 references. Cullumblne, H. Leukotaxine and histamine. Nature, Lond., 1947, 159: 841-842. Abstracted In: Chem. Abstr., 1947, 41: 5987c; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1949, 23_: No. 10113- In- vestigations of the mechanism active In the production of subcutaneous edema after cutaneous burning in the rabbit. 12 references. Cullumblne, H., McDonald, F., and Simpson, M. M. The role of leukotaxine in the production of the anhydraemia of burn shock. J. Path. Bact., Lond., 1947, 5J): 467-475. "Leukotaxine can be extracted from the burned skin of rabbits. The subcutaneous injection of comparable quan- tities of leukotaxine into normal rabbits causes marked local oedema and reproduces substantially the blood pic- ture which follows burning, while, lust as after burning, the oedema fluid it provokes after 48 hours is highly toxic." 16 references. -8- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) 40. Damidova, P. N., Maslennikov^ G. M.^and *£%££>, ^ V' Morfologlia krovi prl ozhogakh. l&Looa *°rpng "observa- burns.l Khirurgla, Moskva, 19J1, No. 4, z^^o. face. 3 references. 41. DeVries, P. J., and Albertson, H. A. Bl<»d dis^bances and anuria resulting from severe burns. Virginia M. Month., 1948, 15.: 173-178. Case report. 21 references. 42 Dziemian, A. The effects of burns on carbohydrate metabo- lism. In: Chemical Corps and Office of theSurgeon General, Symposium on Military Physiology, Wash., 1947- p. 251-256. "After being flame-burned, goats show a hyperglycemia, which decreases rapidly on treatment with blood or plasma. In many animals a severe hypoglycemia occurs after treatment. During the first day after burn- ing the plasma Inorganic phosphorus concentration paral- lels, In a rough way, the blood sugar concentration, rising initially in all burned goats, remaining elevated in the untreated animals, and decreasing gradually in the treated goats. Plasma potassium concentrations rise Immediately n after burning and then fall to normal or subnormal values. 7 references. 43. Edlung, T. Studies on absorption of colloids and fluid from rabbit knee joints. Acta physiol. scand., 1949, 18: 1-108. See particularly Chapter V, The effect of subcutaneous Inflammation, intraarticular burns, and dlbenamine on the absorption of colloid and fluid from joint cavities, p. 70-86. "Intraarticular burns and subcutaneous Inflammations decrease the absorption ... of hemoglobin from joint cavities with structurally intact synovial membranes." 123 references. 44. Elrod, P. D., McCleery, R. S., and Batt, C. 0. T. An ex- perimental study of the effect of heparin on survival time following lethal burns. Surg. Oyn. Obst., 1951, 92: 35- 42. Abstracted In: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, 12: pt. 2, 1868. "In dosage comparable to the ordinaryTherapeutlc regimen, heparin increased significantly the survival time of animals receiving lethal burns. The beneficial effect of heparin is accompanied by improved renal function, mani- fested by a statistically significant, smaller rise in non- protein nitrogen and increased urinary output, when com- pared to the controls. There is an apparent decrease in the expected hemoconcentration, probably due to a better return of fluid and albumin to the circulation, by way of the lymphatics." 39 references. 45. Ely, J. 0. Experimental burns; a summary of work. J. Franklin Inst., 1944, 237: 170-172. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946, gtfnio. 19541. Contents: A. Work with rabbits. 1. Plasma calcium. - 2. Protein nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen in the serum of burned rabbits. -9- FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Ccntinued) - 3. Chloride changes. - 4. Hemoconcentration. - 5- Hema- tocrit values. - 6. Specific gravity of the blood. - 7. Specific gravity of the plasma. B. Work with rats. 1. Changes In the phosphorus content of muscle. - 2. Changes In the chloride content of muscle. - 3- The effect of the intravenous injection of laked blood on rats. Ely, J. 0-, and Angulo, A. W. Experimental burns; the in- fluence of a gelatin-glucose-salts solution on the hemo- concentration of burns. J. Franklin Inst., 1943. 235: 197-204. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 19447T8: No. 4235- "The effects of intravenous injections of serum, O.85 per cent, sodium chloride solution, and GGS solution on the hemoconcentration of burns are shown ... GGS and blood serum were equally effective in combatting the hemoconcentration while O.85 per cent, sodium chloride alone had no apparent effect." Evans, E. I., and Bigger, I. A. The rationale of whole blood therapy in severe burns; a clinical study. Ann. Surg., 1945, 122: 693-705. "Blood volume determinations of severely burned patients made soon after the burn had been received indicate a decrease in total circulating red cell mass. It Is believed that this initial loss of red blood cells may account for a considerable portion of the 'masked anemia1 that appears in the post-shock period In many burn patients. ... If adequate amounts of whole blood are given initially In severely burned pa- tients, secondary anemia is regularly avoided." 10 ref- erences . Fox, C. L., Jr., and Baer, H. Redistribution of potassium, sodium and water in burns and trauma, and its relation to the phenomena of shock. Am. J. Physiol., 1947, 151: 155-167. Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1948, 42: 1650c; Biol. Abstr., 1948, 22: No. 20822. "Tissues Injured by tourniquet trauma or~"by scalding at 75°C. lost potassium and gained sodium in addition to a considerable gain of extracellular fluid (water and sodium). Burns produced at 94-99°c. showed no significant local fluid accumula- tion but tissue-cell potassium was extruded and an equiv- alent intracellular gain of sodium occurred. ... Death In shock was not correlated with extensive local fluid loss but with extrusion of considerable potassium from injured tissue cells and their acquisition of an equiv- alent amount of sodium. This exchange resulted In swell- ing of uninjured tissue cells throughout the body, lead- ing to additional reduction in extracellular fluid and blood volumes." 37 references. Fox, C. L., Jr., and Keston, A. S. The mechanism of shock from burns and trauma traced with radiosodium. (Abstract of Shock Report No. 54, Committee on Medical Research of the Office of Scientific Research and Development.) 1 1. "Standardized shock from both burns and traunia vas pro- duced by Rosenthal's technique. Isotonic saline contain- ing radiosodium vas administered therapeutically and ana- lyses were carried out 20 hours later. ... The data Indi- cate that there is a very great 'loss' of sodium into traumatized tissues accompanied by a marked reduction in -10- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) clrCulatory the total volume of extracellular fluid ^ft^S- collapse characteristic of shoe*> |™J^?^ the conse- tant decrease in plasma volume, are £PP^e * fluld vol_ quence of the sharp reduction in extracexj-uxu. ume." en t?ot c T Jr and Keston, A. S. The mechanism of shock 50' F°from*birAs and tr"auS traced with radiosodium. Surg Oyn. Obst 1Q45 80- 561-567. "Radioactive sodium was used ?n mice ?o5ccl&ri thTsodium content °f normal tissues and those injured by burning or by tourniquet tra^a. The sodium content of Injured skin and muscle Is greatly In creased and exceeded the gain in water (edema). This lndi cated that additional sodium accumulated In the intra?ellu lar compartment. ... The relationship between the reduc- tion in plasma volume characteristic »^hockandd^e- tlon of extracellular fluid Is discussed." 23 references. 51. Prommel, E., and Piquet, J. Le taux de la cholinesterase serique chez les brulfis; le role protecteur de l'acide tannique, de la morphine et de la narcose. Schweiz. med. Wschr., 1945, 75: 593-597. Abstracted In: Helvet. physiol. pharm. acta, 1945, £: CIO. While burning Inhibits cholin- esterase for a prolonged period scalding leaves it prac- tically unaffected. The mechanism of this inhibition and the effects of various therapeutic agents on it are in- vestigated in the guinea pig. Paper read at the Meeting of the Schwelzerischer Verein der Physiologen und Pharma- kologen, Basel, January 1945. 36 references. 52. Gabriel, L. T., Van Hoek, D. E., Ralish, S., and Campbell, D. A. Alteration of blood prothrombin concentration following burns. Proc. Am. Fed. Clin. Res., 1950, 6: 12. "In eight dogs that survived the seven-day period of observation following severe thermal burns the pro- thrombin concentration, as determined by the two-stage method, was slightly elevated In the first twenty-four hours and then exhibited a gradual decline." Abstract of a paper presented at the 7th Annual Meeting of the Midwestern Section, Chicago, November 1949. 55. Georges, kx Etude de la concentration sanguine immediate aprSs brulure. Arch, lnternat. pharm. dyn.. Par., 1951, 87: 275-285. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1952, 15: pt. 2, 260. In the rabbit, extended skin burns of 65°^ never cause death, but moderate local edema and general capillary vasodilatation with hemoconcentration ("choc circulatoire prficoce"). 23 references. 54. Giraldi, E., Peterson, L. W., and Cole, W. H. Cross trans- fusion as a means of determining toxic factors in blood from burned animals. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1947 66: 277-278. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., 1948, 22: No. 15826. In experiments on transfusion of bloo3"~from burned to normal dogs, the experimental animals showed greater drop In blood pressure and higher mortality rate than dogs receiving blood from normal animals. -11- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) 55- Gjessing, E. C, and Chanutln, A. An electrophoretic study of plasma and plasma fractions of normal and injured rats. J. Biol. Chem., 19*7, l6_9_: 657-665. "The electrophoretic analyses for the plasma and fractions of control and burned rats are given. Thermal injury gives rise to an increase in the concentrations of «- and ^-globulins and a decrease in the >-globulin and albumin." 6 references. 56. Glenn, W. W. L., Peterson, D. K., and Drinker, C. K. The flow of lymph from burned tissue, with particular refer- ence to the effects of fibrin formation upon lymph drain- age and composition. Surgery, 1942, 12: 085-693. "A simple method of making a standard burn by Immersion of the foot of an anesthetized dog in boiling water is de- scribed. The effects of coagulation of the exudate caused by the burn are described. The failure to prevent collapse and death by blocking lymph flov is mentioned and will be discussed further in future papers." 4 references. 57. Gordenko, A. N. Izmenenle krovi pri ozhogovom shoke. [Blood changes in burn shock.] Biull. eksp. biol. med., 1945, 19_: 39-42. Dog experiments. 4 references. 58. Gordon, R. A. The significance of blood changes In the treatment of the burned patient. Current Res. Anesth., 1945, 24: 78-84. 59. Gordon, S. D., and Gordon, R. A. Blood changes following thermal burns. J. Canad. M. Serv., 1944, 1: 312-320. Contents: Haemoconcentratlon. - Red blood cells and haemoglobin. - Leucocytes. - Plasma protein. - Plasma chlorides. - Blood urea. 12 references. 60. Gromakovskaia, M. M., and Kaplan, L. E. Elologlcheskle svoistva krovi i spinnomozgovol zhldkosti pri travmati- cheskom shoke, oslozhnennom ozhogaml. [Biological prop- erties of blood and cerebrospinal fluid in traumatic burn shock.] Biull. eksp. biol. aed., 1943, 15: 12-16. Animal blood and CSF have a hlstamine-llke effect on the Isolated stomach. 6l. Ham, A. W. Experimental study of the histopathology of burns; with particular reference to sites of fluid loss in burns of different depths. Ann. Surg., 1944, 120: 689-697. "The dilatation and congestion of both tne smaller and larger blood vessels associated vith the various types of burns studied in these [hog] experi- ments, together vith the small hemorrhages that were not infrequently observed, serves to emphasize that exten- sive burns would tend to abstract significant quanti- ties of whole blood from active circulation in addition to the plasma that is lost by leaking away from the smaller vessels." 1 reference. 62. Ham, T. H., Shen, S. C, Fleming, E. M., and Castle, W. B. Studies on the destruction of red blood cells. IV. Ther- mal injury: action of heat in causing Increased spheroi- dicity, osmotic and mechanical fragilities and hemolysis -12- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Centred) deatruc. of erythrocytes; observations on the ^J™£Tlent with a tion of such erythrocytes in dogs and in a V^fej*™^ fatal thermal burn. Blood, N. Y-, 1940, 2- w ' references. 65 Helm, F., and Ruete, A. Serumcholinesterasewerte und b3, Sutzuckerwerte bei einlgen, inabasondew *}^%/2,. bedingten Hauterkrankungen. Kiln. Vschr., ^AAl-^p-' 86-8T Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1949, 43: ^D2b- Discussion Includes cholinesterase activity of serum^in 5 patients with extensive second and third degree burns. 8 references. 64 Hoet, J. P., Bulsseret, J., and Vandenbroucke, J. Le taux de prothrombin dans les brulures. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1945, 1^9: 86-87. Prothrombin studies in 16 patients. 1 reference. 65. Hoppe-Seyler, A., and SchOmmelfeder, N. Das Vorkommen von Aoetylcholin im Blut nach experimentellen Verbrennungen. Zschr. Naturforsch., 1946, 1: 696-699. AJ»t»cte?ni?: Biol. Abstr., 1948, 22: No.T.5834; Chem. Abstr., 19*7, 41: 5213e. "Expts. on dogs indicate that the appearance 6T acetylcholine in the blood Is a consequence, and not cause, of the circulatory disturbances of shock. (Chem. Abstr.). 13 references. 66. Jadoul, P., and Jadoul, V. L' hyper thermie dans les brulures experimentales. Arch, lnternat. pham. dyn., Par., 1946, 7J5>: 106-112. Heating of blood in rabbits to a temperature equivalent to an 80° fatal burn neither causes death nor provokes any serious disturbances. 11 references. 67. James, G. W., Ill, Purnell, 0. J., and Evans, E. I. The anemia of thermal injury. I. Studies of pigment excre- tion. J. Clin. Invest., 1951, 30: 181-190. Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1951, 45: 3934H; Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, 12: pt. 2, 2481. "Hemolysis, as judged by fecal urobilinogen excretion compared to total circulating hemoglobin, occurs in burns of all degrees. It is very great in third degree burns of more than 20 per cent. ... Additional evidence is presented to show that the anemia of thermal burns is at first hemolytic, then dyshemo- poietic." 21 references. 68. James, G. W., Ill, Purnell, 0. J., and Evans, E. I. The anemia of thermal Injury. II. Studies of liver function. J. Clin. Invest., 1951, 30: 191-199- Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1951, 45: 3934h. "Minor to extensive third degree burns show early impairment of the liver function. ... One of the most constant changes vas the increase in urine urobilinogen excretion and alterations in the albu- min-globulin ratio. ... Autopsy material on five fatal burns shoved no constant histopathological change, but there was evidence of fatty infiltration, cloudy swelling, increased pigments in the reticuloendothelial cells, focal necrosis, and congestion in the liver substance. ..." 19 references. -13- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) 69. Kay, J. H., and Delancey, H. The evaluation of cortisone, thromboplastin and inositol phosphatide in the therapy of severe experimental burns in rats. In: Am. Coll. Surgeons, Surgical forum. Phila., 1952. p. 514-517- "In experimental burns in rats, cortisone administered in doses of 20 mg. per kilo per day for three days prior to burning produced no increase in survival rate and may have significantly increased the mortality rate. Throm- boplastin in doses which were nearly toxic or toxic, de- creased the mortality rate in severely burned rats. Inosi- tol phosphatide, a thromboplastin inhibitor, did not in- fluence the mortality rate." 3 references. 70. Kendall, R. E. The laboratory in the burn catastrophe. Occup. Med., 1946. 1: 112-115- Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 19467 20: No. 17589. "The immediate prob- lem of the laboratory~during the first seventy-two hours of a burn catastrophe is to estimate the hemoconcentra- tion, which is the significant measurable characteristic of burn shock. ... An improvised setup for the securing of specific gravities by the copper sulfate falling drop technic vas of assistance in the circus disaster in esti- mating burn shock. ... It offers a simple, rapid and, in our experience, reliable guide to hemoconcentration in burn shock." 71. Langohr, J. L., Rosenfeld, L., Owen, C. R-, and Cope, 0. Effect of therapeutic cold on the circulation of blood and lymph in thermal burns. Arch. Surg., 19-49, 5_9_: 1031- 1044. "Exposure to cold alters the pattern of lymph flow and protein concentration... Cold does not alter the pat- tern of arterial blood flow In the burned foot until re- moval of the foot from the cold bath is effected." 18 references. 72. Lischer, C, and Elman, R. Experimental burns. II. Effect of elastic pressure applied to a burned area. War Med., Chic, 1945, 3: 482-483. "Experimental evidence is pre- sented which indicates that in dogs the use of local elastic pressure in burns lowers the degree of hemocon- centration, as indicated by hematocrit readings, lessening thereby the loss of fluid beneath the burned surfaces. However, the mortality rate was not altered by such treat- ment." 8 references. 75. Lischer, C, Elman, R., and Davey, H. W. Experimental burns. III. Changes in plasma albumin and globulin. War Med., Chic, 1944, 5_: 43-45. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., 1945, 19: No. 10161. "During experimental burns producing only an edema of the skin of dogs the concentration of serum albumin tends to fall. The globulin fraction also falls in relatively less severely burned animals which survive, but lt rises, often to high levels, in fatally burned animals or in animals subjected to higher thermal stimuli. In thermal burns of 100 C. the diagnosis of hemoconcentra- tion from the hematocrit value may be masked because of hemolysis." 4 references. 216043 O- 52 - 2 -14- FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) somfwhal'^eater iA animals which succumbed than in those wMch^urv^ed! However, the cell:plasma ratio was not of valufin the prognosis of individual animals nor in c^r^ infusion fluids. The solutions^wMch provided therost hemodilution did not always promote higher sur- Svarrates! whereas many animals with severe^con- centration in certain of the Infusion groups^ survive. Hemoconcentration and plasma volume do notaPPj^*0*? critical factors in the survival of the rats after ther- mal injury of the type produced." 12 references. McCarthy, M. D., and Parkins, W. M. Comparative efficacy of blood from normal and from burned donors in experimental burns. Arch. Surg., 1946, 53_: 570-576. "Rats subjected to a standardized scald burn were infused with postburn whole blood and normal whole blood. The survival rates of these animals were compared with those of simultaneous un- treated controls. The group Infused with the postburn blood showed a survival rate similar to that of the un- treated group. The animals infused with the normal blood showed a significantly higher survival rate than either of the other two groups. Hematocrit data were obtained from all groups." 11 references. McCleery, R. S., Schaffarzlck, W. R., and Light, R. A. An experimental study of the effect of heparin on the local pathology of burns. Surgery, 1949, 26: 548-564. Ab- stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1950, 44:-9"053d. The blood supply subjacent to a burn returns to normal by the fifth to seventh days In the control group and by thirty-six to seventy-two hours in the heparin group. This funda- mental difference seems to produce a marked enhancement of the speed and effectiveness of the repair mechanisms In the heparinized animals. On the fifth day the heparin group is generally at a similar point reached on the ninth day by the controls." 6 references. MacDonald, A. H-, Levenson, S. M., Davidson, C. S-, Tagnon, H. J., and Taylor, F. H. L. Studies on the peripheral blood in patients vith thermal burns. 1. Thrombocytopenia. Science. 1944, 99: 519. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1944, 18: No. 18545. "The blood platelets, counted by a direct method, were followed on 13 patients with thermal burns. ... No decrease in platelets was observed in one patient, who died 7 hours after the burn. ... In 12 cases, a decreased platelet count was observed 7 to 57 hours after the burn. The lowest counts obtained occurred within 23 to 96 hours after injury and ranged from 9,000 to 96,000 per cu. mm. Six of these patients died within 4 days. ... In the remaining six, the platelets returned to a normal level in from 4 to 9 days. However, death occurred sub- sequently in all but one case." 1 reference. -15- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROIYTES (Continued) 78. Monsalngeon, A., and Hurpe, A. Contribution a l'fitude de l'anemie des brul6s. Presse med., 1948, 56: 790-791. A case report is used for demonstration of the preponderant r8le of non-regeneration of erythrocytes in burn anemia. A hypothesis is presented ascribing the destruction of corpuscles to the alarm reaction. 6 references. 79- Moore, F. D., and Cope, 0. Fluid and protein shifts In severely burned patients. Bull. Am. Coll. Surgeons, 1945, 50: 65. "Measurements of plasma, red cell mass, and in- terstitial fluid volumes have been carried out in a series of burned patients, using various techniques. ... By com- bining values for plasma protein concentration with the above measurements, it is possible to get an overall pic- ture of the shifts of water, red cells, and protein in these patients." Abstract of a paper to be presented at the Forum on Fundamental Surgical Problems, 1944. 80. Moore, F. D., and Langohr, J. L. Water and electrolyte metabolism in burned patients. J. Clin. Invest., 1946, 25_: 930. Experiments demonstrate "an early and persistent expansion of the extracellular space, an early negative potassium balance vith positive sodium balance reversing Itself after 48 to 72 hours, and an Ingress of sodium into the cells of burned skin. These changes divide themselves Into two phases, an early 'shock phase' and a subsequent water retention phase." Abstract of a paper read at the 38th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, May 1946. 8l. Moore, P. D., Langohr, J. L., Ingebretsen, M., and Cope, 0. The role of exudate losses In the protein and electrolyte Imbalance of burned patients. Ann. Surg., 1950, 132: 1- 19. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, 12: ptT~2, 1241. "Balances of nitrogen, sodium, potassium and chlo- ride have been measured in lightly and severely burned patients. Exudate loss of these substances has been measured by analysis of dressings and beddings; these measurements ... are of fundamental Importance to any evaluation of the metabolic state of burned human beings. The balance, the role of the exudate loss, and the Inter- relationships of nitrogen, sodium potassium and chloride metabolism in such patients have been discussed and in- terpreted in the light of the above findings." 12 refer- ences . 82. Moore, F. D., Peacock, W. C, Blakely, E., and Cope, 0. The anemia of thermal burns. Ann. Surg., 1946, 124: 8ll- 859. "An anemia of varying severity may be present in burned patients. ... This anemia has been investigated by serial studies of the red cell mass and bone marrow activity, employing a radioactive isotope of iron and by measurements of pigment excretion. The anemia is found only in patients with full-thickness burns. ..." 17 ref- erences . -16- FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) Marty, u. a "r^J;}*,,*—,*..,* blood in the treatment of tlons. serum and def ibrinated DJ.000. m ^*» «.,«« i o44 severely scalded, anesthetized dogs. Ann. Surg., 194*, 120^67-376; "The purposes of these experiments areas rlnows: I. To correlatebody loads of various salt solu- SSTand pllsma with length of life and changes In other easily measurable physiologic constants that follow a scald; 2. to attempt a comparative evaluation of the relative riles played by salt solutions, cell-free blood components? an^wnole Wood in permitting i^dlate re- covery from injury (74 to 100 hours following the trauma;, 3?^corr^lSe^e^gross and histologic. P^^ologlc findings vith the forms of therapy; and 4. to determine if postible, whether or not any causal ^If^PMlsts between the type of therapy and the so-called 'toxemic- stage of thermal injury." 18 references. Muus, J., and Hardenbergh, E. The oxygen consumption of normal rat liver slices in serum and in lymph taken from the legs before and after severe burns. J. Biol. Chem.. 1944, 152: 1-8. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1944, 18: No7i0129. "Lymph vas collected from the legs of calves under nembutal anesthesia before and after burning by immersion in boiling water for 3 to 3-1/2 minutes. ... The Q02 In lymph after burning was as much as 41 per cent higher than that in normal lymph. Less consistent results were obtained with serum collected before and after burn- ing, but here too the tendency was towards a higher oxygen consumption in the serum after burning." 12 references. Muus, J., Hardenbergh, E., and Drinker, C. K. The oxygen consumption of normal rat liver and diaphragm muscle In lymph taken from dogs before and after severe burns. Am. J. Physiol., 1944, 142: 284-289. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1945TJ9.: No. 6227. "A technique whereby it is possible to collect 10 to 15 cc. of normal lymph from the hind legs of dogs without the use of an anti- coagulant is described. The lymph collected from this area after it had been severely burned was shown to in- crease the oxygen consumption of rat liver slices as com- pared with slices from the same liver in normal lymph. Such an effect had previously been demonstrated for calf lymph. The lymph from the burned legs vas found to cause a similar Increase in the oxygen consumption of rat dia- phragm muscle." 4 references. Ojetti, F. Osservazioni sul comportamento del potassio tissulare nelle ustioni. Athena, Roma, 1942, 11: 4-5. Burned tissue of rabbits presented a considerabTe loss of potassium. Perlmann, G. E., Glenn, W. W. L., and Kaufman, D. Changes in the electrophoretic pattern in lymph and serum In ex- perimental burns. J. Clin. Invest., 1943, 22: 627-633. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., 1944, 18: No. 5568. "Normal lymph has the same four electrophoreTlc components as are present in serum: albumin, «-, fi-, and >-globulin. The -17- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) pattern obtained from lymph derived from the burned tissue revealed the occurrence of an additional boundary, migrat- ing vith half the speed of the >-globulln. The changes found in serum indicated a slight decrease of the albumin: globulin ratio with an increase in the «-globulln fraction." 13 references. 88. Plcc1n1.nl, P., and Bonaccorsi, R. II tempo dl coagulazione del plasma (tasso di protrombina) in alcunl individui ustlonati. Progr. raed., Nap., 1946, 2: 641-642. Obser- vations made in 4 cases in all of which plasma prothrom- blne fell to 50-60# of normal, with a corresponding in- crease in coagulation time. 2 references. 89. Piranl, P. Azione protettiva del siero degli ustlonati nell'emolisi fotodlnamica. Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper., 1951, 27_: 125-127. Abstracted In: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1952, 15_j.pt. 2, 260. Blood taken from burned subjects has smaller protective power than normal blood. The decrease is proportionate to the seriousness of the burn and paral- lel to the decrease In blood proteins. 3 references. 90. Ponsold, A. Die Bluteindickung beim Verbrennungsspfittod. Deut. Zschr. gerichtl. Med., 1941. 35: 75-82. Abstracted In: Zbi. allg. Path., 1943, 8l: 147. Blood contained in the right heart has been examined because only there, changes occurring In vivo can be determined Independently of post mortem symptoms. Hemoconcentration corresponding to a plasma loss of up to 2:1 was observed. The only other investigations of this type were made by Tappelner (1881) and Zinck (1940). 8 references. 91. Prinzmetal, M., Bergman, H. C, and Kruger, H. E. Demon-, stration of toxic factor in the blood of rats shocked by bum. J. Clin. Invest., 1946, 25: 781-784. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., 1947, 21: No. 13729- "A simple physio- logic method of renal perfusion is described. Perfusion of the normal rat's kidney vith blood taken from a burned rat reproduces the toxic capillary atony which is charac- teristic of burn shock." 14 references. 92. Rhinelander, P. W., Langohr, J. L., and Cope, 0. Explora- tions into the physiologic basis for the therapeutic use of restrictive bandages in thermal trauma; an experimental study. Arch. Surg., 1949, 5JJ: IO56-IO69. Dog experiments. "Although the increased flow of lymph from the burn is reduced toward normal, it is not sufficiently reduced to permit the lymphatic vessels to carry the load, and edema piles up. ..." Plasma volume loss may remain unaffected while protein concentration in lymph "flowing from the bandaged foot is slightly higher. ... Venous pressures, arteriovenous oxygen differences and arterial blood flow were not altered by the plaster bandage. ... The possible benefits and limitations of restrictive dressings are dis- cussed." 9 references. -18- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) 95. Rose, B., and Browne, J. S. L. Studies on the blood hista- mine in cases of burns. Ann. Surg., 1942, 115: 390-399. "Studies on the blood histamine, hemoglobin, hematocrit and plasma proteins have been made in seven patients fol- lowing severe burns. It has been shown that a marked in- crease in the blood histamine occurs in certain cases within one hour after the burn. In all cases, there is a decrease in the blood histamine as toxemia and edema appear. As the edema and signs of toxemia disappear with the clinical improvement of the patient, the blood hista- mine rises to normal or higher levels." 32 references. 94. Rosenthal, S. M., and Tabor, H. Electrolyte changes and chemotherapy in experimental burn and traumatic shock and hemorrhage. Arch. Surg., 1945, 5_1: 244-252. 33 refer- ences. 95. Rosin, la. A., and Gromakovskala, M. M. Vliyanie spinno- mozgovoi zhidkosti i krovi, vzyatykh pri shoke, oslozh- nennom ozhogami, na reflektornuyu vozbudimost. [Effect. of cerebrospinal fluid and blood taken during burn shock on reflex excitability.] Biull. eksp. biol. med., 1943, 15_: 9-12. 96. Rossiter, R. J. Controlled external pressure and oedema formation. Lancet, Lond., 1944, 1; 9-11. "External pressures of the order of 10 mm. Hg applied in an air cuff greatly reduced oedema formation in burnt guineapig skin. The pressure is most effective if applied immedi- ately after burning. Neither tannic acid (20#), tannic acid (IO56) followed by silver nitrate (5#), gentian- violet (2Jb), nor triple dye, Influences the formation of oedema. Similar pressures applied in an air cuff greatly reduce oedema formation in the burnt ear of a rabbit." "Note" by R. A. Peters. 12 references. 97. Rossoni, V. II comportamento del grass! nelle ustioni. Clinics., Bologna, 1945-46, 10: 50-54. Rabbit experiments did not show any changes InThe fatty acids of the blood whereas there was a distinct increase in cholesterol. 16 references. 98' '^SSJSi:*.?' n, ^Portamento della lipasi ematica negli ustlonati gravi. Arch. ital. derm., 1951, 24: 241-2457 99. Sacher, H. Das Verhalten von Blutsenkungs- und Leukozvten- 1^48-!56derB^th^ennUng' 0st«"^hr.1^r£7l$8, £»_£-: A5 ^^ curves are uncharacteristic in liiht ™ 4 ^ P*™ cases> t*6 leukocytes curve regular!? £57 do™ fr(M b1*1 values to the norm while the blood -19- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) 100. Salzberg, A. M., and Evans, E. I. Blood volumes In normal and burned dogs; a comparative study vith radioactive phosphorus tagged red cells and T-1824 dye. Ann. Surg., 3L250* i22j 746-759. Also In: Tr. Am. Surg. Ass., 1950, 68: 425^38. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, 12: pt. 2, 1242. "The radiophosphorus dilution technic demon- strates an average loss of 11 per cent of the circulating red cell mass at the sixth hour following a standard 20 per cent burn. It is suggested again that whole blood be used in the early post-burn period to replace the entire calculated red cell loss." 13 references. 101. Schummelfeder, N. Untersuchungen liber Cholinesterase im Blut nach experimentslien Schfidigungen. III. Mltteilung. Verhalten der Cholinesterase im Blut von Hunden bei ex- perlmenteller Verbrennung. Arch. exp. Path., Lpz., 1947, 204: 567-570. In 4 dogs, the change of cholinesterase activity in whole blood and serum during extensive quickly fetal burns was investigated. Results In whole blood varied, but in 2 experiments pronounced increases occurred. In the serum, however, activity Increased in all cases by 21-2956. 11 references. 102. Schummelfeder, N. Untersuchungen liber Cholinesterase im Blut nach experiments lien Schfidigungen. IV. Mltteilung. Das Verhalten der Cholinesterase im Blutserum nach Srtlicher Verbrennung. Arch. exp. Path., Lpz., 1947, 204: 626-650. After serious local burns In dogs, death occurred accom- panied by symptoms of primary shock and decrease of blood pressure. Cholinesterase activity increased during burn- ing in all animals and continued to increase afterwards in less traumatized animals while cholinesterase values decreased in more extensively Injured dogs before death. These changes were considered as an expression of the circulatory function of cholinesterase. 9 references. 105. Scudder, J., and Elliott, R. H. E., Jr. Controlled fluid therapy in burns; case report illustrating severe hemo- concentration, electrolyte changes, and the futility of formulas In replacement therapy South. M. and S., 1942, 104: 647-658. Case report with detailed blood studies. 53 references. 104. 'Serafino, X. Le syndrome protido-liquidien des brulfis et son evolution. Marseille med., 19*9, 86: 420-431. Ab- stracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, IT? pt. 2, 925- The following factors are discussed: "The preponderance of protein disturbances within a complex biochemical syn- drome. - Intricacies of protein and fluid changes. - Probable existence of abnormal metabolites. - Pathogenic importance of these abnormalities." Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. 105. Sevitt, S. Eosinophil and other leucocyte changes in burned patients. Brit. M. J., 1951, 976-983. Contents: The burned patients [3^]. - Methods. - Eosinophils. - The post-burn fall. - Period of eosinopenla. - Post-eosino- penlc rise. - Early eosinophilla in burns. - Later eosino- phil changes. - Late eosinophilia In burns. - Lymphocytes. -20- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) w^™,,. ife»,tronhlls. - Eosinopenia and adrenocortical hyperac- cortex and the period of eosinopenia. 42 references. in* qh«n s C and Ham. T. H. Studies on the destruction of 106' 3hSd biood'cSSs ill! Mechanism and complications of hemoglobinuria in patients with thermal burns; spherocyto- sis and increased osmotic fragility of red blood cells. N. England J. M., 19*3,, 229: 701-713. Abstracted In: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1944T18: No. 8130. 49 references. 107 Silvestri, U. Su l'emolisi fotodlnamlca (E. f.) negli ustlonati. Boll. Soc ital. biol. sper., 1949, 25_: 752- 753. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: pt. 2, 1673- 108. Stephenson, K. L. The effect of hyaluronidase and plasma administered subcutaneously to burned rats. Surgery, 1951, 50: 845-849. "... The subcutaneous administration of plasma with or without hyaluronidase is of no value In the treatment of the burned animal in the acute phase, and suggest that such a procedure may even be dangerous and contraindlcated. After the Initial shock period, and period of fluid and electrolyte derangement, hyal- uronidase and the subcutaneous administration of plasma may have a place In the therapeutic plan of protein restoration. The status of the usefulness of the enzyme In this later period is not established." 20 references. 109. Stolfi, G. Studl sperlmentali sulle ustioni. Ann. ital. chlr., 1942, 21: 543-566. Detailed studies on blood chemistry of rabbits. Review of literature. 65 refer- ences . 110. Stoner, H. B., and Green, H. N. The effect of fatal cuta- neous burns on the adenosine equivalent of the blood of rabbits. J. Path. Bact., Lond., I9A9, 6l: 114-116. Ab- stracted in: Chem. Abstr., I9A9, 45: 9208b; Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: pt. 2, 705-706. "Severe scalding causes a statistically significant Increase in the adenosine equivalent of the blood of the rabbit. The injection of a dose of adenosine triphosphate which kills the animal In a similar period of time gives a similar rise in the adenosine equivalent of the blood." 5 references. 111. Stuttgen, G. Die Beeinflussung der Cholinesterase im Serum des menschlichen Blutes durch Pyrifer und U.-V.-Bestrah- lung, besonders im Hinblick auf die Therapie einzelner Dermatosen. Kiln. Wschr., 1947. 24/25: 758-7SQ Ab- stracted in: Chem Zentr., 1947; 2TTOX)ll. Discission in- cludes the lowered activity of cholinesterase following 112. Tanamura, H. Effects of bums on the blood constituents S^co J^?"01^1?8 tljne» JftP- J- M. Sc. 1944, 5: Si*?; ibatTact«d **'• Chem. Abstr., 1950, 44: 3602H. Rabbit experiments. Changes in clotting time, serum -21- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) protein concentration, fibrinogen content, hemogiobin concentration and specific weight. Original not availa- ble at Army Medical Library. 113- Taylor, F. H. L. Studies on the peripheral blood In patients with thermal burns. Thrombocytopenia. Wash., 1944. (Na- tional Research Council, Blood Substitutes Report No. 37.) 1 1. "The cause of the thrombocytopenia and its possible role in the complication of burns is at present under in- vestigation. ... The occurrence of low platelet counts in burned patients gives rise to the possibility of in- creased bleeding tendencies in such patients. ..." 114. Taylor, F. H. L-, Levenson, S. M-, and Adams, M. A. Ab- normal carbohydrate metabolism in human thermal burns. N. England J. M., 1944, 251: 457-445. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 19457~l9: No. 2352. "In a study of 35 consecutive burned patients, a high Incidence of hyper- glycemia, lactacidemia and a moderate reduction In the carbon dioxide combining power of the plasma were found. There is a high degree of correlation between these ab- normalities of carbohydrate metabolism and the severity of the burn. ... There vas no evidence of liver damage in these patients as a result of the burn injury." 51 references. 115. Tenery, R. M. Extensive cutaneous burns; with special ref- erence to the blood chemical changes. Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1941, 72: 1018-1027• "- -• Under the usual mode of ther- apy (intravenous plasma and saline) the toxic symptoms may develop and cause death without marked changes In the blood electrolyte pattern. The exception to this may be sodium which is definitely lowered.... We do not imply that blood electrolyte changes are of no Importance fol- lowing burns; such changes must be carefully watched and controlled." 32 references. 116. Trumper, M. The potassium factor in deep burns. Surg. Clin. N. America, 1951, 51: 1551-1563. Discussion in- cludes: The potassium facTor in deep and extensive ther- mal burns. 30 references. 117. Van Duyn, J., II. Degenerative white blood cell picture as an Indication of toxemia from burns. Arch. Surg., 1945, 50: 242-252. Report of 6 cases. "An inhibitory effect on the leukopoietic system [is] frequently demonstrable in burns. ... [It] is characterized by .'degenerative' changes in the white blood cells ... a result of toxic inhibition. There is, therefore, a true toxemia in burns, distinct from trauma and hemoconcentration, on the one hand, and sepsis, on the other, and due to the absorption of some toxic substance from the burn area." 59 references. 118. Vittorio, R. II comportamento del grassi nelle ustioni. Clinica, Bologna, 1945/46, 10: 50-54. In various types of burns inflicted upon rabbits, the fatty acids In the blood were not affected, whereas the cholesterine contents increased considerably. 16 references. -22- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) 119. Walker, J. «, ^Si^T^^ grTmentsT Review and own observations. ti « h Wochemical observations on casualties 120. Wardlaw, H. J- H- Blochemica ^ Au8tral±a) 1S50f ^899-902 ^Sents? Volume of urine. - Specific 2. oyy yuc. « fMorlde output. - Total nitrogen StS? ^oSjStf pS?eln" - Output of 17-ketosteroids. StSled teDle^representing 6 cases. 9 references. 151 Weil P G., and Browne, J. S. L. Changes in blood hista- 2 mine following burns, surgical operations and hemorrhage. t riin Tnvest 1942. 21: 645. Abstracted In: Biol. Abs?r BaU 1945; rhTfo. 2087. "in general, the re- sults 'surest'that a fall of blood histamine occurs in condition! in which a transfer of fluids to extravascular spaces is occurring and a subsequent rise in blood hista- mine takes place when fluid is being transferred in the opposite direction. The possible significance of these findings is discussed." Abstract of a paper read at the 54th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, May 1942. 122. Weiss, D., and Haines, K. E. Burn trauma precipitating acute leukemia or a leukemoid condition. Am. J. M. Sc, 1944, 208: 490-494. Case report. "The evidence as to the infectious or neoplastic nature of acute myelogenous leu- kemia is discussed. Evidence and opinions are cited hold- ing trauma to be a possible etiologic factor in acute leu- kemia." 18 references. 125. Wolff, W. A., and Lee, W. E. A simple method for esti- mating plasma protein deficit after severe burns. Ann. Surg., 1942, 115: 1125-1130. "A simple chart showing the relationship 6T plasma loss and hemoconcentration in se- vere burns has been constructed from the authors' equa- tion. The plasma protein deficit in burned patients may be read from this chart when the hematocrit, plasma pro- tein level and body weight are known. Under certain con- ditions accurately determined hemoglobin levels may be substituted for the hematocrit value." 10 references. 124. Wood, G. 0. Lymph In experimental burns. Arch. Surg., 1940, 41: 1038-1042. "Lymph collected from the thoracic ducts of burned animals has been tested for vasodepressor activity by intra-arterial injection into albino rats. No vasodepressor activity was demonstrated by this method of study.1* 14 references. 125. Zamecnik, P. C, Stephenson, M. L., and Cope, 0. Peptidase fi Lof1,1??!1,and 8erum after burns. J. Biol. Chem., ilil' Tp:»135;i!5* Abstr*°ted m: Biol. Abstr., Bait., if^LM N?* ^y1! The P»wnce of at least one pep- tidase, designated tentatively as an amlnoexopeptidase; X! ?!« f2und c«»i»ten«7 in normal lymph obtained from the legs of anesthetized dogs. An enzyme with similar -23- BODY FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES (Continued) properties has been found In serum and has been extracted from dog muscle, skin and subcutaneous tissue, and eryth- rocytes. Following a burn or trauma to a dog's extremity, this enzymatic activity rises abruptly in the lymph drain- ing the affected area. In the calf and rat an Increase in this enzymatic activity in serum has consistently been found following a burn. In bleb fluid collected from human burns, an enzyme with similar characteristics has been found. 15 references. BONES AND CARTILAGES 126. Owens, N. Osteoporosis following burns. Brit. J. Plastic Surg., 1948, 1: 245-256. "Sudeck's osteoporosis has been reported as occurring following first-degree and second- degree burns. In burns with loss of skin, osteoporosis (diffuse and patchy in appearance) is a frequent mani- festation that may be of more than academic Interest in- asmuch as it Is a factor both in the degree of recovery to be ultimately obtained and a predisposing condition to fracture and osteomyelitis." 24 references. 127. Robert, P. Perichondritis der rechten Ohrmuschel nach Verbrennung II.-III. Grades des Gesichtes und der Ohren. Dermatologica, Basel, 1950, 101: 269. Case report. 128. TelkkS, A. Uber den Einfluss der Verbrennung auf die fetale Khochenmasse. Ann. med. exp. biol., Fennlae, 1949, 27: 215-226. 12 references. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 129. Abell, R. G., and Page, I. H. A study of the smaller blood vessels in burned dogs and cats. Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1943, 77: 348-555- "Burns in dogs and cats produce vasoconstric- tion of the larger and smaller arteries and larger veins, which combined with construction of arteriovenous anasto- moses and packing of erythrocytes, results In reduced blood flow to the tissues and inadequate return of blood to the heart." 7 references. Baker, J. W., Wight, A., Michel, A. J. D., and Cope, 0., see No. 10. 130. Barac, G. Sur le debit de la jugulaire externe du chien brule. C. rend. Soc biol., 1946, 140: 1127-1128. Skin burns cause a constant decline of the-output of the ex- ternal jugular vein in the narcotized dog receiving physi- ological solution Intravenously. Paper read at the meet- ing of the Socigte' Beige de Biologie, March 1946. 131. * Basset, A., Ducoux, F., and Martineau, H. Presence d'une substance cardlo-depressive dans des extraits de muscles brules de grenouille. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1950, 144: 1048-1049. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951,~l2": pt. 2, 484. "Cauterization of a muscle produces one-or several substances which have a strong depressor effect on all characteristic properties of the myocardium." (Bull. Anal. CNRS). -24- CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (Continued) 152. Bonnal, J-, and Pedinlelli, L. R. Thrombose artfirielle ®&hs ^f^^^riS'**the SocleS de Chirurgie de Marseille, November 1948. 135- Brooks, P. E-, Dragstedt, L. R-, Warner, L., and Knlsely, M. h! The sequence of circulatory eg^J^1^11*^ severe thermal burns. Anal. Pec, 1948, 100: W. Expeil- mentTvith dogs and rabbits showed that "Blood cells pass- ing through or near burned tissues agglutinated into rela- tively small, hard masses. Sludged blood thus poured into venous system until all circulating blood was agglutinated. The hard masses resisted passage through all peripheral vascular beds. The flow then slowed causing endothelial anoxia of the stagnant type, post-capillary venules began to leak (progressive hemoconcentration of circulating blood now occurred), vessels then plugged and only after- vast numbers of small vessels were firmly plugged did an animal finally die." Abstract of a paper presented at the 6lst Annual Session of the American Association of Anato- mists, April 3 948. 154. Brooks, P., Dragstedt, L. R., Warner, L., and Knlsely, M. H. Sludged blood following severe thermal burns. Arch. Surg., 1950, 61: 5&7-418. Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1950, 44: 10893d~Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, 12: pt. 2, 1240. 6There is no evidence to support the theory that histamine is the ■toxin' of burn shock. The evidence does not rule out the possibility that some toxin exists, but strongly indicates that the toxic effect may be due to phy. changes. The ex- travascular (dlapedesls and hemorrhage), Intravascular (in thrombi), and phagocytic loss of red cells from the circu- lating blood, vhich accompanies the sludging changes fol- lowing burn, may be important factors in post burn anemia." (Chem. Abstr.). 44 references. 135- Chlsholm, T. C, and Hardenbergh, E. Some effects of ex- perimental thermal bums on vascular endothelium employ- ing a perfusion technic in anesthetized dogs. Ann. Surg., 1948, 127: 75-89- "The results of employing [a new per- fusionJTechnic for the study of the effects of heat on the permeability of the vascular endothelium and neigh- boring structures locally are described and discussed. In addition, observations on the systemic effects of such burns on the animal generally are reported." 12 refer- ences . 136. abil?tv 7?JK£?' P; ?'u A 8tudy of Hilary perme- Sm™7,,™.,6?*^^1!01*1 burns a"*1 bum shock using radio- S?2l^5 ah1?* 7?2 I7***1' J" Cli»' mvesuf 1944? & ?ftft^57,T^Ab8tl>acted i*1 Bio1- Abstr., 1944, 18: No. 18802. Dog experiments. "Followine a hot £ats£ h,,m, ?he\ymph gom^Sr^1?11 °f radiclSfve collolofin^ ine lymph from this leg rises abruptly and aDDroaches S£K encountered after Injection of the inorSniS ion -25- CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (Continued) 157. Cordier, D., and Dessaux, G. Modifications du taux du glycogene cardlaque consecutlves aux brulures cutan5es et A 1'intoxication histaminique chez le rat. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1951, 145: 597-599- Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, 15: pt. 2, 248l. In the burned rat the cardiac glycogen contents remain normal or Increase. The average value Is higher than that observed in trau- matic shock; but the myocardium seems to be even less capable of using the glycogen reserve than the myocardium of the animal in shock. Courtice, F. C, see No.56. 138. Dragstedt, L. R-, Brooks, F-, Khisely, M. H-, and Warner, L. Physical alterations of circulation blood following burn. Proc. Am. Fed. Clin. Res., 1945-47, 2: 108-109. Also in: Rocky Mountain M. J., 1947, 44: 40. "So far as we know, this is the first published" account of direct observation of circulating blood following burn [by] two techniques: ... (1) the fused quartz rod method of Knlsely; (2) observation through a binocular stereoscopic dissecting microscope of the small vessels of the bulbar conjunctivae obliquely illuminated by a Shahan ophthal- moscopic lamp. Studies were made on 18 albino rabbits and 12 dogs. ..." Abstract of a paper read at the meet- ing of the Western Section, American Federation for Clini- cal Research, December 1945« 139. Fibrinogen emboli from superficial burns. J. Am. M. Ass., 1943, 121: 596-597. A discussion of the paper by Kabat and LevTne (No. 144 of this list). 140. Fibrinogen emboli from superficial burns. Med. Soc. Rep., Scranton, 1945, 57: H« A discussion of the work done by Kabat and Levlne. (N0.144 of this list). 141. Glenn, W. W. L., Gilbert, H. H., and Drinker, C. K. The treatment of burns by the closed-plaster method, with certain physiological considerations Implicit in the suc- cess of this technique. J. Clin. Invest., 1945, 22: 609- 625. "Experiments are reported in which the feet of dogs were burned for varying periods by Immersion in hot water. They were then enclosed In plaster; ... the blood flow through the burned feet treated by these methods remained excellent and ••• healing occurred more rapidly and with less deformity than could be obtained if capillary leakage was unrestrained. ... The physiological reasons for this success are analyzed." 15 references. 142. Gordenko, A. N. Izmenenle vozbudlmosti vegetativnoi nervnoi sistemy i skorosti krovotoka pri ostrom ozhogovom shoke. [The changes of the excitability of the vegetative nerv- ous system and the rate of blood circulation In acute burn shock.] Biull. eksp. biol. med., 1945, 1£: 50-32. Dog experiments show that burn shock slows down circula- tion time and decreases the excitability and tonus of the sympathetic nervous system. -26- CARDIOVASCUIAR SYSTEM (Continued) a n-«r a Brulure cutanee, infusion in- 145. Humblet, M., and °aj*5iJ*rtWalol0gique et donnees ophthal- l*>' travelneuse d® i1^1^.^8 c rend. Soc biol., 1946, ^C°?^oe?2?? In ?ne chloralosed animal, extensive 140: 1210-1215-..*" r~fwetor m the change of perme- burns are a negligible factor in^t * the appear. &Wllt? ^rSuoSlary eoema Intravenous physiological ance of ^ftKlfcIn cause these alterations and, be- rona^eftain^nuirSuantity, retinal edema will occur very frequently, if not always. 7 references. lW- ^tor-inaburnt^ScieAce«^ ™ed inTBlol! Abstr., Bait., 1943, ifTNo. 130J7. Experi- ments with cats point to "a disHhct possibility that capillary emboli may play a role in the constitutional effects of severe bums." 7 references. 14* Kamen, G. P. Acrolein and shock; possible relationship of -" lipoid breakdown products to shock associated with bums. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1943, 5|: 363-364. "Acro- lein Injected into experimental animals ... produces a (shock like) condition. ... It is believed that this picture is the direct result of capillary damage by acro- lein or lipoid breakdown products, rather than the result of the liberation of 'H' substance or other tissue break- down protein substances." 146. Meyer, 0. Phlebitis and burns. Indust. M., 1945, 14: 440- 444. "All burns, except those of the first degree, are complicated by thrombosis of the small veins in the area of the burn. The application of pressure to the burned area prevents the spreading of the thrombophlebitis to the large, deep veins, prevents thrombi from detaching themselves from the walls of the veins, prevents the danger of septicemia, effects decongestion of the affected tissues by promoting the circulation, and removes pain." 5 refer- ences. 147. Monsalngeon, A. Phenomenes de diffusion dans les brulures; modifications apportees par la cortisone. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1951, 14|: 895-897. Abstracted In: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1952, I3j pt. 2, 260. Injection of cortisone in 16 rabbits impeded or limited the increase of capillary permeability within the burn area, but not outside of it. 3 references. 148. Monsalngeon, A. Phenomenes de diffusion et facteurs d'anti-diffusion dans les brulures. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1951, 145_: 891-895. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1952, pj pt. 2, 260. Experiments performed on 31 rab- bits with blister serum, with vaccinal neuro-vlrus and vith various dyes show increased capillary permeability during the first 48 hours following burns. 149. Moore, F. D. A note on the thrombophlebitis encountered. Ann. Surg., 1943, 11J: 931-936. *... Patients who have been severely burned are prone, in a rather high per- centage of cases, to develop thrombo-embolic phenomena from the veins of the legs." -27- CAPDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (Continued) 150. Netsky, M. G., and Leiter, S. S. Capillary permeability to horse proteins in burn-shock. Am. J. Physiol., 1943/44 140: 1-8. Abstracted in: Am. J. M. Sc, 1943, 205: 753- 754; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1944, 18: No. 2265. Intrave- nously injected serum appeared in the cervical lymph after 50-100 minutes in normal dogs and after 10-20 minutes in burned animals; in thoracic lymph, lt appeared almost Immediately after burns whereas lt vas normally found after 20 minutes. 18 references. 151. Newson, A. L-, and Armstrong, K. B. A case of burns asso- ciated with bilateral retinitis. Med. J. Australia, 1945, 1: 459-460. "The damage was presumably caused by break- down products of the initial tissue destruction, which affected the permeability of the capillaries supplied by the retinal vessels." 152. Olson, W. H., and Necheles, H. Experimental studies on burns. J. Am. M. Ass., 1943, 122: 198. Experimentation on blood pressure following burns. Abstract of a paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Central Society for Clinical Research, November 1942. 155. Olson, W. H., and Necheles, H. The vasopressor effect of thermal trauma. Am. J. Physiol., 1945, 159: 574-582. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1944"TT8: NO. 772. Experiments with dogs and cats showed a rise of blood pressure following burns. "Scalding of a denervated foot caused a slight drop in blood pressure; scalding of the normal foot resulted in a marked rise In blood pressure." Splenectomy, adrenalectomy, or splanchnectomy were in- effectual while "hypophysectomlzed animals exhibited a marked fall." 18 references. 154. Page, I. H. Cardiovascular changes resulting from severe scalds. Am. J. Physiol., 1944, 142: 566-578. Abstracted In: Biol. AbBtr., 1945, 19_: NO. 6533- "It is possible to divide the cardiovascular responses to scalding into three phases: 1, the burn phase, a short phase while burning is actually occurring, during which arterial pressure rises and all the phenomena associated with acute nervous exci- tation occur; 2, the transitional phase during which ar- terial pressure tends to fall slightly or moderately and response to some pressor drugs is enhanced; 3, the termi- nal phase during which the response begins to fail and may be abolished altogether. ... Not only the peripheral vascular bed becomes refractory, but the heart as well, as cardlcmeter studies have shown." 16 references. 155. Parsons, R., Jr., Alrich, E. M., and Lehman, E. P. Studies on burns. V. Experimental study of the effect of hepar- inlzation and gravity on tissue loss resulting from third degree burns. Surg. Gyn. Obat., 1950, 90: 722-724. Ab- stracted In: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, 12: pt. 2, 1242. Ex- periments on the burned rabbit's ear. "There is a delay of at least 4 hours after thermal injury before vascular occlusion occurs, provided the burn is not severe enough to cause immediate complete coagulation of the epithelium. Heparlnlzation apparently delays the onset of dry gangrene and diminishes the amount of tissue loss." 5 references. -28- CARDIOVASCUIAR SYSTEM (Continued) 156. Piccinlni, P., and Bonaccorsi, R. La permeability capillars in alcune affezioni chirurgiche (traumatism! e ustioni) osservata mediante iniezione endovenosa di trypan-tnau. Progr. med., Nap., 1946, 2: 457-459- Two cases only were studied; they presented abnormal capillary permeability believed to be the cause of hemoconcentration in burn patients. 7 references. 157. Prinzmetal, M., and Bergman, H. C. The nature of the circu- latory changes in burn shock. Clin. Sc, Lond., 1944/45, 5: 205-227. Abstracted In: Chem. Abstr., 1947, 41: 4217h. This paper attempts to Identify - by a series of eleven rat experiments - the nervous or humoral "factor in the production of burn shock not due to local fluid loss." I. The role of the nervous system. - II. Bleeding volume in burn shock. -III. Differences in haemo-concentration. - IV. Increased blood content of viscera in burned animals. - V. The Importance of exsangulnation. - VI. The capillary lesion. - VII. The vascular factor in the venous return. - VIII. Capillary atony, the primary disturbance. - IX. The humoral agent acts peripherally. - X. The toxic factor in extravasatlve shock. -'XI. Demonstration of humoral factor. 24 references. 158. Prinzmetal, M., Bergman, H. C, and Kroger, H. E. Patho- genesis of burn shock. J. Clin. Invest., 1946, 25: 951- 952. Capillary atony is stated to be "a primary-dis- turbance because it occurs Immediately following severe burns." The authors demonstrate by two methods their hypothesis that "a humoral factor [is] responsible for the capillary disturbance." Abstract of a paper read at the 58th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Clini- cal Investigation, May 1946. 159. Prinzmetal, M., Kruger, H. E., and Bergman, H. C. Effect of various lethal procedures and thermal injury on capillar- M^tiJ; ^r*** ?llni M" 1948' £: 497-501. An inves- tigation of the role of capillary hyperemia in shock due to fatal thermal trauma. 7 references. 160. Sarkisov, M A. Bolevoi sindrom pri termichesklkh ozhosakh [aw SySdrc,n^ln therfflal **™s-) Sovet. med-Tl^ 6- Ullry pe^eabilitVL^11 ""H1 ** bu™ shock on9^ Kir^i ty and vasomotor control is discussed S tneory°W^ WsUgaleTand to pain shock rathS th^L 2™ deaths «enerally are due by the lowered mortali^in 4~°Xe^a\ Thls is demonstrated block. mortality in 4^ patients following novocain 161. Schviegk, H., and SchSttler W w a ™ * ., CapiiiarpemeabiliSt durch Hi?;Pi^Je^derun8en der Wschr., 1947, 24/2? 56o5fo?eelnwirkung. Klin. the l-oUtJl'wi^^^-^^Jtlg^^^ m 52' ^y°kl ^^r^Ln^erin'^S11116^1*8 to ^uenca J. Exp. path., 1949 35T%fe |JPerimental burns. Brit. SS'-'-Jg0* fe' "^if-Bul4!0:5^! ^S^lSo^S^- *». The projection of BlJ^^™^™. -29- CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (Continued) of histamine by the drugs benadryl, ant1stin or anthlsan (neoantergan) had no detectable effect on experimental burns of various degrees of severity. The changes in- vestigated included the erythema of burns, the capillary permeability and qualitative blood flov changes in the skin, the clinical degree of oedema formation, the skin sensibility and the subsequent clinical course of the burns." 15 references. 165. Sevitt, S. Local blood-flow changes in experimental burns. J. Path. Bact., Lond., 1949, 6l: 427-442. Abstracted In: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: p^T 2, 1942. In guinea pigs, "continuation of the dermal blood flow in a burn was ac- companied by normal skin sensation and by the absence of both clinical oedema and subsequent whole skin loss. The development of stasis was associated with clinical oedema and analgesia and followed by whole skin loss. A dermal threshold temperature Is postulated at and above which the triad of stasis, analgesia and whole skin loss develops. Some of the implications of stasis in burns are discussed." 19 references. 164. Siedek, H., Venger, R., and Zehetner, H. Kreislaufunter- suchungen nach schveren Verbrennungen. Vien. kiln. Wschr., 1950, 62: 88O-885. Abstracted in: Wien. med. Wschr., I95O, 100: 127. In 5 serious burn cases, blood pressure, pulse frequency, volume/minute, peripheral resistance, pulse wave velocity and hematocrit were recorded In detail. The analysis of the metabolic processes leads to the hypothesis that adenosine triphosphoric acid is mainly responsible for the observed "toxic" symptoms. Paper presented at the meeting of the Gesellschaft der Arzte in Wien, December 1950. 25 references. CLASSIFICATION AND STANDARDIZATION 165. Ashe, V. F., Jr., and Roberts, L. B. Experimental human burns; partial report. War Med., Chic, 1945, 7_: 82-85. Hot blast method is described and time-temperature re- lationships are presented. 5 references. 166. Brooks, J. W., Roblnett, P., Largen, T. L., and Evans, E. I. A standard contact burn; method of production and observations on the blood picture following its produc- tion In dogs. Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1951, 93_: 543-554. "A 20 per cent body surface burn at 60 degrees C. for 1 minute has been produced and carefully studied and ana- lyzed In 38 dogs. In this study, weight, temperature, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, differential counts, total plasma protein, and blood volumes have been observed throughout the changes caused by the burn procedure." 19 references. 167. Evans, E. I. The burn problem in atomic warfare. J. Am. M. Ass., 1950, 145: 1145-1146. Includes discussion of the type of thermal injury resulting from flashburna. 19 references. 216043 O- 52 - 3 -30- CLASSIFICATION AND STANDARDIZATION (Continued) 168. Gauthler, A., and Laugier, H. ^^^^ff^^JerS propos de brulures. Rev. canad. biol., 19J2, 1. |75-b7b. Burns of Identical severity may be obtained by a 2:1 pro- portion of surface burned in the adult as compared to the child- by a 10:1 proportion in the tiger as compared to the cat. "Children are more sensitive to burns than adults." 16q Hazan, S. J., and Treadwell, C. R. Saline and methlonine- y* saline effects on survival rate of rats receiving stand- ardized burn shock. Proc Soc Exp. Biol., K. Y., 1948, 68: 684-686. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: pT. 2, 459. "A simple and convenient method for producing standardized burn shock in rats is described. Isotonic saline Injected intraperltoneally one hour before a stand- ardized burn shock did not Increase the survival rate; administration at the time of the burn or one hour follow- ing significantly increased the survival rate. Methionlne- sallne solution given one hour before burning significantly increased the survival rate; given at the time of the burn or one hour following, the effect was the same as with saline alone." 5 references. 170. Henrlques, P. C, Jr. Studies of thermal Injury. V. The predictability and the significance of thermally Induced rate processes leading to irreversible epidermal Injury. Arch. Path., Chic, 1947, 45: 489-502. fiThe experimental time-temperature relationships which determine the thresh- olds of epidermal injury (studies II [No. 525 of this list] and IV [No. 518 of this list] of 'Studies of Thermal In- jury') are subjected to mathematical analyses. Two types of thermal exposure are considered: those In which the cutaneous surface is Immediately brought to and maintained at a constant temperature, and those in which the skin is exposed to a constant source of circumambient and circum- radiant heat." 14 references. 171. Henrlques, F. C, Jr. Studies of thermal injury. VIII. Automatic recording caloric applicator and skin-tissue and skin-surface thermacouples. Rev. Sc Instrum., 1947, 18: 673-680. "An automatic recording caloric applicator Is described and evaluated. This apparatus enables the skin surface to be brought immediately to and maintained at a. constant, predetermined temperature. Further, it continuously records the rate of the perpendicular flow of heat through this skin site during the entire heat exposure. 172. Henrlques, F. C, Jr., and Moritz, A. R. Studies of sS^'an^^ J' 1he conduction of heat to and through rS^f^ £ temperatures attained therein. A theo- 1947 ^^a1*'?"6?'11! Investigation. Am. J Path., TheirJtA?l~5 ?: Contents: I. Introduction. - II. iheoretical considerations; the nature of heat - ttt v^er^K1^;;11!"^ oflh^uStmei in-"' SSSt W„^ £■&£" .ur'SWiU;ia°l A& -31- CLASSIFICATION AND STANDARDIZATION (Continued) 173- Hoffman, J. M. Burns and scalds; their etiology and prog- nosis. Am. J. Surg., 1942, 5_6: 463-468. "The prognosis of burns on a standard form or* therapy depends partly on the etiologlc factors involved. This is a prognostic factor which hitherto has been comparatively neglected in the literature of burns." l6 references. 174. Leach, E. H., Peters, R. A., and RoBSiter, R. J. Experi- mental thermal burns, especially the moderate tempera- ture burns: (A) Introduction and burning iron device, by R. A. Peters. (B) Macroscopic and microscopic damage at moderate temperatures, by E. H. Leach, R. A. Peters, and R. J. Rossiter. Q. J. Exp. Physiol., Lond., 1943/44, 32: 67-86. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., 1943, 17: No. 20459. Experiments with rats and guinea pigs. "With the object of producing standard low-temperature burns in animals, and of studying the area of tissue only partly damaged in a burn, a burning Iron has been made capable of applying temperatures from 450-800 C. to the skin; with this the amount of heat and temperature causing skin damage has been studied, and the macroscopic and microscopic damage due to graded temperatures have been delineated." 20 references. 175. Lehman, E. P. The delayed classification of burns. Surgery, 1942, 12: 651-655. Objections are raised to the "commonly accepted" American classification of burns Into three 'de- grees' " and a new classification based on examination after sloughing is suggested. 176. Lidwell, 0. M. Production of skin burns by hot gases. Nature, Lond., 1945, 156: 298-299- Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., 1946, 20: No. 5218. Calculated figures and ex- perimental values are given for the "time taken to pro- duce a burn of given severity." 2 references. 177. Lund, C. C, and Browder, N. C. The estimation of areas of bums. Surg. Oyn. Obst., 1944. 79_: 352-358. Table and diagrams are presented which should be applicable, without serious error, to at least 99*5 per cent of all cases of burns." 12 references. 178. McCarthy, M. D. A standardized back burn procedure for the white rat suitable for the study of the effects of ther- apeutic and toxic agents on long-term survival. J. Laborat. Clin. M., 1945, 50: 1027-1033. Abstracted In: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946, 20: No. 19980. "A standard back burn pro- cedure for the white rat (Wistar strain) Is described. Survival rates are recorded for the following percentages of the total body surface burned: 20 per cent, 32 per cent, and 45 per cent (all * 2). Environmental and bath temper- ature changes, humidity variations, seasonal change, vari- ability in immersion time, animal variables including strain, weight, sex, and condition, and manipulations to which the animals may be subjected are all discussed In relation to their effect on survival." 3 references. -32- CLASSIFICATION AND STANDARDIZATION (Continued) certain criteria. H18r°-L.8r* «4 houra had Injury con- burns .howing only^ythe-a at^4 ^^^colgulation ^roonStSrSury Ss^seVermal." 11 refer- encee. 180 "Mostkovyl, M. I. K voprosu ob opredelenii poverkhnosti lb0> ozSgl.' [6n the problem of determining the area of a burnt] Vest khir. Grekova, Lenlngr., 1951, J_l: 32-34. 181 Patey, D. H-, and Scarff, R. V. The diagnosis of the depth of skin destruction In bums and its bearing on treatment. Brit. J. Surg., 1944/45, 3_2_: 32-35- "An attempt has been made to achieve by histological methods a greater degree of accuracy In estimating the depth of destruction in skin burns. A standard technique for producing experimental burns In human skin is described. .*• Attempts have been made to find a stain which, applied to the burnt area in the patient, will give some naked-eye Indication of the degree of dermal Involvement. A modified Van Gieson's stain has been found useful for this purpose. 3 refer- ences . 182. Pearse, H. E. Problems in the experimental study of flash burns. Science, 1949, 110: 444. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: p^T~2, 925. Abstract of a paper presented at the 19~4~9 Autumn Meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, Rochester, N. Y. 185. Pearse, H. E., Payne, J. T., and Hogg, L. The experimental study of flash-bums. Ann. Surg., 1949, 150: 774-789. "Methods are described which produce a short exposure of high Intensity radiant heat capable of creating a flash burn. Observations on the gross and histologic changes in the skin of pigs injured by flash burns indicate that the lesion is dissimilar from the ordinary moderate in- tensity burn. The healing process in flash burns is not the same as that in moderate temperature burns." 23 ref- erences . 184. Postnikov, B. N. K voprosu ob izmenrenii poverkhnosti ozhogov u vzroslykh. [Measurement of burn surfaces in adults.] Khirurgla, Moskva, 1949, No. 4, 9-13. Statis- tics on the relation between burn surfaces and mortality; based on 700 cases. 185. Warren, S. The pathologic effects of an instantaneous dose of radiation. Cancer Res., 1946, 6: 449-453. Ab- stracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1947,~~21: No. 2792. The thermal Injury was very striking ^"^Ehe immediacy of its effect and of its passing. ... Many of the flash burns were of second or third degree." -33- DEATH (Mechanism; Rates) 186. Bekauri, N. V., Danilov, A. A., and Molssejeff, E. A. On the question as to the mechanism of death caused by burns. C. rend. Acad, sc URSS, 1944, 42: 238-240. 10 references. 187. Bergman, H. 0., Kruger, H. E., and Prinzmetal, M. The mechanism of delayed death following thermal trauma. J. Laborat. Clin. M., 1948, 33» 506-5IO. Abstracted In: Biol. Abstr., 1948, 22: No. 20813. Experiments with rats and mioe. 6 references. 188. Bettman, A. 0. Causes of death in burned patients; a report of twenty-three deaths in 744 burned patients. Am. J. Surg., 1946, 7_1: 26-35. 5 references. 189. Bull, J. P., and Squire, J. R. A study of mortality in a burns unit. Ann. Surg., 1949, 120: 160-173. "The mor- tality findings among 794 burnedpatients treated in hos- pital by a Burns Unit are reported. The Importance of the age of the patient and the extent of the body surface area burned In determining mortality is demonstrated. The analysis of these findings by the Probit technic la explained, and the results of this analysis for separate age groups are given. The results by age-groups are graphically correlated to show the expected mortality for any given age and area. A grid table is provided for making a simple comparative assessment of the results obtained In other series." 12 references. 190. Ciminata, A. Ustioni gravi. Oior. ital. chir., 1950, 6: 679-687. Two cases are made the starting point for a discussion of the mechanism of rapid death following burns. 10 references. 191. Elman, R., and Brown, P. L., Jr. Experimental burns. I. Methods, mortality and hemoconcentration curves. War Med., Chic, 1943, 2.: 477-481. "The effects of graded and controlled thermal stimuli were studied on deeply anesthetized dogs. The resultant injuries were followed by a uniform mortality and survival period and by charac- teristic hemoconcentration curves." 2 references. 192.*Emme, A. M. Mort thermlque, lesion thermlque et facteur toxlque. Usp. sovrem. biol., 1948, 25_: 298-301. (In Russian). Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1949, 10: No. 2, 688. 195. *Greuer, W. La theorie de 1'intoxication dans les brulures peut-elle etre considered comme perlmee? Beitr. kiln. Chir., 1950, 180: 493-496. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, l2Tpt. 2, 1241. "Modern research confirms the classical-pathogenesis of death following burns. The good results obtained by use of antibiotics cannot be considered an argument against this hypothesis because they diminish only the rate of secondary mortality due to infection." (Bull. Anal. CNRS). -34- DEATH (Continued) 194. Hellbrunn, L. V., Harris, D. L., Le Feyre, P. G., Wilson, W. L., and Woodvard, A. A. Heat death, heat Injury, and toxic factor. Physiol. Zool., 19*6, 1£: 404-429- Ani- mal experiments. 37 references. 195. Labra Edwardson-Meeks, G. Mortalidad P^r„Quemsxiuras Prensa men. argent., 1950, . mortality in Chile covering Prensa mSd. argent., 1950, 37: 2944-2947. A study of i Chile coverlng~the period from 1920 to 1947, 196. Lafontaine, A. La mort par brulure chez la grenoullle. Arch, lnternat. pharm. dyn., Par., 1946, 7_5_: 113-127- A systematic investigation shows that the reactions of the frog after burns are very similar to those of the mammals. There occurs an Immediate generalized vasodilatation ac- companied by small hemorrhages in certain viscera. 8 ref- erences . 197. *Perdrup, A. Traitement des brulures dans une clinique dermatologique. Analyse statistique de 2 201 cas relevSs en 10 ans, avec Stude particuliSre de la mortality et du temps de cicatrisation des brulures d'aprds l'Stendue des lgsions et l'age des malades. Acta chir. scand., 1950, Suppl. 100, 156-154. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, 12: pt. 2, 2482. "Series including 57 deaths. Comparison of various treatments. Below 0 months, more rapid cicatrization; after 60 years, cicatrization is retarded." (Bull. Anal. CNRS). 198. Provenzale, L. Ricerche sulla "inspissatio sanguinis" nella morte precoce e nella morte tardlva da ustioni. Gior. venet. sc med., 1942, 16: 18-59. In early death, hemo- concentration seems to be" due to an unequal distribution of the fluid and the corpuscular parts of the blood rather than to fluid loss on the burn surface; In late death, the latter factor becomes preeminent. Hemoconcentration can not be considered as cause of death in either case 95 references. ^ 199- Tessler, P. L'importance des brulures dans la patholoele generale. Techn. hosp., Par., 1949, 4: 8-14. Contents: Leg statistiques. - Mortality absolueT - Mortality due aux brulures. - Mortality relative. - Moment de la mort. - 2Sin?^2n dVa °ortallte relative. - Augmentation de la mortalite en fonctlon de la surface bruleeT- Freauence de 1'accident. 10 references. *requence ENDOCRINE SYSTEM "" "z&zlfg$&$~&s asses* -35- ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Continued) 201. Bader, R. A., Stein, H. J., Eliot, J. V., and Bass, D. E. Hormonal alterations in men exposed to heat and cold stress. Am. J. Physiol., 1948, 155: 425. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1949, 10: ptT 2, 2855-2856. "Hor- monal alterations were measured in three men who were subjected to heat and cold stress utilizing Intermittent exposures to heat (IO70F. dry bulb; 89°F. wet bulb) and to cold (—20OF.) as stress stimuli." Abstract of a paper read at the Fall Meeting of the American Physio- logical Society, September 1948. 202. Barac, G. Adrenaline et ollgurle du chien brulS. C. rend. Soc. biol.. 1947, 141: 952-953- Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr. 1948, 42: 4271d; Excerpta med., Sect. 3, 1948, 2: 24l. Oliguria due to burns Is not of "adrenalinic" origin. 6 references. 203- Barac, G. Recherches sur la .brulure; hypophyse et dlurdse aqueuse chez le chien brulfi. Arch, internat. physiol., Liege, 1951, 58: 465-466. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, 127 pt. 2, 2481. Hypophysectomy does not affect the anTi-diuretic effect of burns in dogs. This does not disprove that there might be a discharge of pit- uitrine in the non-hypophysectomlzed dog at the time of the burn. 5 references. 204. Barac, G. Recherches sur la brQlure; sympathlcolytiques, adrenaline, 1-arterenol et dlurdse aqueuse chez le chien normal et le chien brule. Arch, internat. pharm. dyn., Par., 1951, 86: 245-248. 3 references. Bekauri, N. V-, Danllov, A. A., and Moissejeff, E. A., see No. 186. 205- Braasch, J. W., and Wakerlin, G. E. Effect of testosterone on the total urinary nitrogen excretion of the rat fol- lowing burns. Am. J. Physiol., 1948, 15_5_: 428. Abstract of a paper read at the meeting of the American Physiologi- cal Society, September 1948. 206. Braasch, J. W., Wakerlin, G. E., Bell, J. H., and Levenson, S. M. The effect of testosterone propionate on the total urinary nitrogen excretion of the rat following burns. Chicago, 1949. (U. S. Army, Medical Nutrition Laboratory, Report No. 65). 40 p. Abstracted in: Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1950. 75.: 185-189; Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, 12: pt. 2, 1240. "The subcutaneous administration of testosterone propionate depressed the rise in urinary nitrogen excretion following burns in male and female rats. The effect of testosterone propionate in reducing the total urinary nitrogen excretion of male and female adult rats is essentially unchanged by a thermal burn for a period of eight days after the burn or onset of the testosterone medication. For two to four days after this period the effect of the drug post-burn is no longer evident. In normal female animals the effectiveness of testosterone propionate continues for at least 18 days whereas in normal males it disappears at 12 to 14 days." 47 refer- ences . -36- ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Continued) 207- Cope, 0-, Graham, J. B-, ^ter, °., Jr.^ jnd^all,^ R. Threshold of thermal trauma and Influence 01 ^r*"" ±11 cortical and posterior pituitary extractso* the^capillary and chemical changes; an experimental study. Arcn. ourg., 1949, 5_9_: 1015-1030. 16 references. 208. Crassweller, P. 0., Parmer, A. W., and Franks, V. ^Experi- mental bum studies; including treatment with cortisone- active material extracted from urine. Brit. M. J., x»u, 2: 242-245. "Further evidence is presented that clini- cally there may be an adrenal exhaustion in severe burns. Deaths from experimental thermal bums can be markedly reduced by treatment with a urinary extract containing cortisone-active material combined with intravenous shock therapy." 25 references. 209. Delarue, J., and Monsalngeon, A. Metaplasies myeloldes dans la cortico-surrenale des brules. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1950, 144: 777-778. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: ptTT, 2492. Observations made in 8 autopsies showed myeloid metaplasia in 3 cases and lymphoid islets with slightly myeloid aspects" in 2 cases. 210. Delarue, J., Monsalngeon, A., and Laumonler, R. Les surrenales des brul*s; evolution de leur ■tructure hls- tologique. Presse med., 1950, 58* 1446-1449. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, 12: pt. 2, 1241. Experimental study and report of 9 cases with detailed description and Illustration of lipoid changes and myeloid metaplasias. 16 references. 211. Des Marais, A., and Dugal, L. P. Variations de l'acide ascorbique en fonction du poids des surrenales apres les brulures. Rev. canad. biol., 1949, 8: 315. Experiments with rats. The concentration of ascorbic acid in the ad- renals decreases while, at the same time, the total ascorbic acid contained therein increases. The weight of the ad- renal increases to a greater extent in hepatectomized ani- mals than In sham-operated ones. 212. Dexter, F. E., and Petersen, R. E. Changes in the liver and pancreas following superficial burns. Bios, 1941, 12: 187-196. "The liver of burned rats showed marked necrosis in various areas and to varying degrees... [ It ] distinctly showed hyperemia, particularly in the area near the pe- riphery and around the central veins within the lobules. Many Indications of thrombosis were noted as evidenced in tightly filled capillaries, which were often ruptured. In the pancreas of the burned rats, no changes were noted that would warrant any statement." 18 references. 213. Dugal, L. P., and DesMarals, A. Hepatectomie partlelle et resistance aux brulures. V. Variations de l'acide as- corbique et du poids des surrenales. Canad. J. Res., Si* l-k' 1!5?£ %' 59~62* Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 19J9, 43_: 9224h;-|ull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: pt. 2, 193! The changes In adrenal ascorbic acid and~weight have been -37- ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Continued) studied in four groups of animals: (l) partially (6556) hepatectomized rats, (2) partially hepatectorn!zed ones, burned six hours after operation, (3) sham operated con- trols, and (4) sham operated controls burned six hours after operation. Results show slight but significant differences in ascorbic acid concentration and adrenal weight between Group 2, in which the mortality is higher, and the other groups: ascorbic acid concentration is a little lower in the first 24 hr. after burns, and adrenal weight becomes higher only 48 hr. after burning." 9 ref- erences . 214. Gribble, M. de 0-, and Peters, R. A. The influence of thyroidectomy on post-burn N loss in rats. Q. J. Exp. Physiol., Lond., 1951, 56: 119-126. "... Post-burn N loss was less in thyroiaectcmised rats than in controls." 25 references. 215- Hansen, G. A. Gastrointestinal Bl^dning efter Hudforbraen- dinger. Ugeskr. laeger, 1945, 107_: 1101-1104. Review of the literature and report of two cases. "Treatment with cortical hormone and serum infusions had excellent effect. The author Inclines to the theory of adrenal lesion as cause of the symptoms." 11 references. 216. Hardy, J. D. The endocrinology of surgical Infections, thermal burns, tissue repair and neoplasia. In his: Surgery and the Endocrine System, Phlla., 1952. p. 51- 52. 62 references. 217. Houot, A. Brulure grave chez une petite fllle, deeds au 52e jour par amaigrissement progressif. Union mea. Canada, 1943, 72: 25-27. Case report; death was supposedly caused by suprarenal insufficiency. 218. Ingle, D. J., and Kuizenga, M. H. The survival of non- adrenalectomlzed rats in burn shock with and without adre- nal cortical hormone treatment. Am. J. Physiol., 1945, 145: 203-205. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946, 27JT No. 8170. "Normal male rats of 190 to 205 grams' weight were caused to develop burn shook by immersing them in water for 60 seconds at temperatures of either 68°C. or 72°C. A comparison was made of the incidence of survival up to 48 hours of rats which were treated with hog adrenal extracts, 11-desoxycorticosterone acetate and control solutions. The results were negative." 5 refer- ences. 219. Kamada, T. Kasyo ni oyobasu hukuzin hormone no eikyo ni kansura kenkyu. [The effect of hormones of the suprarenal body upon burns.] Kalgun gun ikai zassl, 1944, 23_: 1009- 1016. The effect of adrenalectomy following burns in rats and rabbits; body temperature, respiration, pulse, sur- vival. 21 references. Kay, J. H., and Delancey, H., see No. 69. -38- ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Continued) 220. *Kepinov, L. I. Influe reactionnelle du rw jic-,it. de l•adrenaline. C. rend. acbu. * ., g $ ^ 6 Abstracted In: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 19g,^: pt. £ "Thermal shock produced £ ^Qno^ upon the glycogeno- fuslon enables the rat irvex phenomenon does not ^%!a^Llr^p1pn?secSmized rlt." (Bull. Anal. CNRS). 221. .Klrschbaum, S. M Cortisoneenlos quemados cronicos graves. Dia med., B. Air., 1951, 23_. 3909 ;>yyy- j ti-i«t. h h Farlv use of ACTH in a severe 2£2- **&,'&*"$ 52?' &&*£*£, 1951, J». 1092-1095. 225. Levenson, S. *., Tagnon, H. J., Goodpastor, W. L., Green, r u Tavlor. F. H. L., and Lund, C. C. Addison's disease associated with amyloidosis following thermal bums. N. England J. M., 1947, 237_: 152-156. Case report. 9 references. 224. Lister, A., and Greaves, D. P. Effect of cortisone upon the vascularization which follows corneal burns. I. Heat burns. Brit. J. Ophth., 1951, 25.: 725-729- "... Cortisone Inhibits vascularization after experimental heat burns to the cornea of the rabbit." 2 references. Monsalngeon, A., see No. 147. Monsalngeon, A., and Hurpe, A., see No. 78. 225. Rocha Azevedo, L. G. da. Consideracoes sfibre a fisio- patologia das quelmaduraa e sua relac&o com a Inaufi- ciencia supra-renal. Rev. med. clr., S. Pauld, 1942, 2: 255-256. Abstract of a paper read at a Meeting of the Socledade de Medicine e Cirurgia de SSo Paulo, September 1942. 226. Root, H. F. Thermal burns in diabetes mellitus. N. England J. M., 1945, 252: 279. 2 case reports. 2 references. 227i Rumiantsev, A. V. Reaktsiia shchitovidnoi zhelezy na ozhog. [Reaction of the thyroid gland to burns.] Biull. eksp. biol. med., 1944, 18: No. 6, 69-72. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 19477 21: No. 633. Burns stimulated thyroid activity in rabbits. 228. Sellers, E. A., You, S. S., and You, R. W. The influence of adrenal cortex and thyroid on the loss of nitrogen in urine after experimental burns. Endocrinology, 1950, 4j_: 148-155. "The results obtained indicate that thyroid function is not essential for change in protein metabo- lism after a burn while the function of adrenal cortex is an Important but not an exclusive factor." 14 refer- ences . -59- ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Continued) 229- Stein, H. J., Bader, R. A., Eliot, J. V., and Bass, D. E. Hormonal alterations in men exposed to heat and cold stress. J. Clin. Endocr., 1949, 9: 529-547. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: pt. 2, 6%. "Three healthy males were exposed successively after a prelimi- nary two-week period of physical conditioning to 19 five and one-quarter hour periods of heat (107°F. dry bulb, 89PF. wet bulb); to l4 five-hour periods of cold (--20OF.); to 5 re-exposures to heat; to a five-week interval of no exposure to environmental stress of rigorous exercise; and finally to 5 re-exposures to heat. Measurements of circulating eosinophils, absolute number of lymphocytes, urinary uric acid-creatinine ration, 24-hour 17-keto- steroid excretion and administration of ACTH were used to evaluate adrenal cortical responses." 51 references. 230. Talbot, N. E., Saltzman, A. H., Wixom, R. I., and Wolfe, J. K. The colorimetric assay of urinary corticosteroid- like substances. J. Eiol. Chem., 1945, 160: 535-546. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., 1946, 20: No. 6352. Includes data on excretion of corticosteroids in burn and post- operative patients. 18 references. 251. Tompsett, S. L., and Oastler, E. G. The excretion of corticosteroids; the determination of the total free re- ducing ketosteroids In urine. Glasgow M. J., 1947, 28: 549-565. Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1948, 42: 2634T. Includes data on "the urinary excretion of corticoster- oids after severe burns." See particularly p. 560. 22 references. 232. *Van der Hal, I. Toepassing van ACTH blj verbrandlngen. Ned. tschr. geneesk., 1951, 9_|: 2955-2960. 235. Whitelav, M. J. Physiological reaction to pituitary adreno- corticotropic hormone (ACTH) in severe burns. J. Am. M. Ass., 1951, l4jj: 85-88. Case report. "... Circulating endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone is quantitatively insufficient to meet the acute stress of severe burns. ... By administration of exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone the physiological phenomena usually present In severe burns are either eliminated or appreciably reduced." 13 references. 254. You, S. S., and Sellers, E. A. Effect of desoxycorticos- terone acetate and adrenal cortical extracts on survival of adrenalectomized and intact rats after burning. Am. J. Physiol., 1950, 160: 85-88. Abstracted in: Fed. Proc, Bait., 1949, 4: 175T~Excerpta med.. Sect. 5, 1950, 4: 297- "Desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) administered in daily doses of 1 mg. to adrenalectomized rats for 5 to 8 days prior to burning protected them against a burn usually lethal In control animals. ... Adrenal cortical extracts (ACE) injected into 24 adrenalectomized rats at daily dose levels up to 150 DU for 5 to 8 days before burning resulted in only 2 survivals. ... When ACE or DCA vas given after burning variable and inconclusive results occurred. Neither substance appeared to be any more efficacious than were small amounts of saline. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Physiological Society, April 1949. 15 references. -40- ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Continued) *>*• ^oitectomy' a^nalectcmy^rburnlng of Sfu^ry SSSgenCeJcret!of of the -t maintainedig a cold^ ?na?TSffeSn?Cme^nanfsm Is^v&ved^the increased Pmtetn^ftaboJisrafterbums and during exposure to cold has been discussed." 12 references. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ,, „ ..__n mr^ pt-rA* a. Troubles du transit gastrique 236. ^ler, D., and Wrt^O.^ de8 % ^ al clucose a la suite des brulures cutanees chez le rat. de glucose a xa ■UJ-W» , l4c 399_4oi. Abstracted in: ^^endAft? 6nSI 1951 12:^ 2, 2481. After burns, ^eitintl'aDsorptlon of^ln isotonic glucose solution 1. retorted OasJric evacuation is also considerably slower than in the intact animal. 5 references. 237 *Cordler, D., and Piery, Y. Influence des temperatures exterleures elevees sur la vitesse du transit gastrique et l'absorption intestlnale des solutions de glucose chez le rat. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1950, 144: 129-131. Ab- stracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950,~IT: pt. 2, 1617. "Elevated temperature diminishes the speed without modi- fying the Intestinal absorption." (Bull.. Anal. CNRS). 238. Davis, R. E., and Ivy, A. C. Thermal irritation in gastric disease. Cancer, N. Y-, 1949, 2: 138-143- Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1949, 2£: Wo. 21184. A review of the literature "suggests that heat may be concerned in the etiology of peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis, and carcinoma of the stomach." 4l references. 239. Friesen, S. R. The genesis of gastroduodenal ulcer fol- lowing burns; an experimental study. Surgery, 1950, 28: 123-158. "Investigation into the genesis of gastroduodenal ulcer following burns was carried out in 13 series of ex- periments utilizing 16 rabbits and 115 dogs, 80 of which were subjected to extensive burns by scalding. The etio- logical factors subjected to experimental evaluation in- cluded hemoconcentration in burns and allied conditions, thromboembolic phenomena (thrombosis and emboli, septic and fatty), toxin (histamine, gastric acidity, Infection, sepsis, and products of tissue breakdown), shock, and the adrenal factor." 139 references. 240. Friesen, S. R., and Wangens teen, 0. H. Experimental burns accompanied by histamine administration abets the ulcer diathesis. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., N. Y., 1946, 63: 245- 248. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1947, 21: No. 11423- "Experimental burns, when accompanie *' **-!?. 248. Marsden, J. A. Report on a case of burns complicated by haematemesis and melena. Med. J. Australia, 1946, 1: ™52*\ u18 P^Dle that the collapse of the patient some sixteen hours after his receiving the bums wa^due -42- GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT (Continued) haemorrhage. ... to the combination of flayed s^ckand^emorrhage^^ and that the melena and Jaematemesis were^ ^ ^ ulceration caused by toxic prouu^o burnt areas. M „ u a wnt«i case of burns associated and histological findings. 4 references. 250. Mynhardt, M. R. Doubly'duodenal ulcer ^ft*™"™*1- ^^,%ffgeneSranes?riJk;on^f'clrliJg.s uLer in- eluding histopathology. 5 references. 251. Necheles, H., Prescott, E., and Olson, W. H. The effect of atropine on the gastric seoretion following thermal trauma. Sin-eery, 1946, 20: 582-384. Abstracted In: Chem. Abstr., 1948, 42: 7429i-TBiol. Abstr., Bait., 1947, 21: No. 15912- "Relatively large doses of atropine did not affect the in- creased gastric secretion of the dog's stomach following burns. Since gastric hypermotility of burns is suppressed completely by atropine, it Is assumed that, In burns, two different mechanisms activate gastric secretion and gastric motility. Gastric motility of burns may be due to a cho- linergic mechanism, and gastric secretion of burns may be due to a histaminic mechanism." 6 references. 252. Peer, H. Perforiertes Duodenalulkus bei schwererVerbren- nung. KLln. Med., Wien, 1949, 5_: 8l4-8l7- Case report. 10 references. 253. Prosinger, F. Nekrotlsierende ulzerSse Ileitis terminalls und Osophagitis nach Verbrennungen* Munch, med. Wschr., 1950, 92: 279-287. Report of two oases; discussion of the etiology and survey of the literature. 31 references. 254. Ramsey, T. L., and Mosquera, V. T. Perforating duodenal ulcer associated with burns. Ohio M. J., 1947, 43: 276- 277. Case report. 7 references. 255. Rankin, L. M. Perforated ulcer of esophagus following a burn. Am. J. Surg., 1945, 6j_: 134-156. Case report. 9 references. 256. Verdan, C. L'ulcere gastro-duodenal consenutif aux brulures cutanees; considerations pathogeniques. Gastroenterologia, Basel, 1945, 70: 57-64. Case report, including gross pa- thology and histology. 9 references. 257- Verdan, C. L'ulcdre gastro-duodSnal consecutif aux brulures ^^anees est-il d'orlgine neurogene? Praxis, Bern, 1944, 223- 153. Abstract of the paper quoted above as No. 256. -43- GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT (Continued) 258. Verdan, C. Ulcere algu geant de I'estomac apre's brulures. Praxis, Bern, 1943, £2: 217. The mechanism of the pathogenesis of stomach ulcers following burns is dis- cussed. Abstract of a paper read at the Meeting of the Society Suisse de Gastro-enterologle at Zurich, November 1942. GENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES 259. Bacellar, R. C. A petologla e a terapeutica das quelmaduras na epoca contemporanea. Actas Ciba, Rio, 1942, °_: 196- 205. Review, from 17th century to date. 260. Barac, 0. Le problems de la brulure d'apre's les travaux anglo-americalns 1940-1945. Rev. med. Liege, 1946, 1: 152-157. 26l. Battle, C. E. The modern conception of burns; a review of the literature. Bull. Vancouver M. Ass., 1944/45, 21: 182-185. 16 references. 262. Baxter, H., and More, R. H. The effect of the local re- duction of temperature on scald burns In the rat. Ann. Surg., 1947, 125_: 177-193. 33 references. 263. Bergh, G. S. Thermal burns. Surg. Staff Sem., IT. S. Vet- erans' Hosp., Minn., 1946, 1: 1-17- See particularly Part one (p. 1-7). Contents: Pathologic anatomy and physiology of burns. Definition. - Pathologic classifi- cation of burns. - Estimation of the area of burn. - Effects of bums on local tissues. - General disturbances in burned patients. - Infection. - Separation of burn slough. - Healing and regeneration. - Pathology of special organs. 66 references. 264. Bldthgen, H. Beitrag zur Pathologie der Verbrennung. Frankf. Zschr. Path., 1943/44, 5J3: 85-118. Historical and literature survey. Autopsies of one early and one late death and experimental studies vith burns of In- creasing seriousness (4 series; guinea pigs). 47 refer- ences. 265. Buettner, K. Effects of extreme heat on man; protection of man against conflagration heat. J. Am. M. Ass., 1950, 144: 732-p8. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, 12: pt. 2, 1241. "Large scale conflagration and the heat ~" flash of the atomic bomb not only add to the known dan- gers of fire but produce entirely new hazards. The lavs of heat exchange from fire to man and those of his main physiological responses are briefly discussed. In addi- tion to carbon monoxide poisoning and the many hazards caused by the vastness of the destructions, radiant heat is of the utmost Importance." 11 references. 266. Butterfield, W. S. H-, and Dixey, J. R. B. Burns from atomic bombs. J. R. Nav. M. Serv., 1951, 37_: 9-17. "... If the population attacked by an atomic bomb vere evenly distributed, there would be some 15 burn cases for -44- GENERAL AND REVIEW AMICLES (Continued) ^ «enquirle8 every one gamma r^^LS £juries due to the^A" bomb. and speculations" on ^^thology and clinical features 11 references. 268 Cameron, G. R. Patologia sperimentale delle ustioni. Recentiprogr. med.,1947, 2: 289-296. Review article. 49 references. 269. Carbonell Antoll, C. Quemadures. (Modemos^aspectos de las mismas). Rev. espan. cirug., Valencia, 1945, 2: 187-202. Review article. See particularly Clasificacidn de las quemaduras, and Alteraciones generales, p. 187-192. 17 references. 270. Carillon, R. J. Au sujet des brulures. Rev. Corps sen. mil., Par., 1948, 4: No. 4, i-xil. Contents: Le prob- leme de la douleurT - Le problems du choc. - Les troubles mfitaboliques precoces. - Le probleme de 1'Infection. - Le probleme de la cicatrisation. - BrulureB de l'apparell resplratolre. 271. Clarkson. P. "A" bomb burns. Guy's Hosp. Gaz., Lond., 1950, 64: 86-94; 120-124. Contents Include: Pattern of disaster. - Acute diffuse ionising radiation illness. - Local radiation burns. - Some photos indicating modern treatments of thermal burns, including burns vith frac- tures, and keloids. - Recent vork in burn problems. 272. Clerc, J. E. A., and Lagrot, F. Les brulures dans 1'avia- tion. Med. afironaut., 1946, 1: 5-17. Contents:^ Les bruits de 1'aviation. - Les trois risques des brulures. - Anatomie et physiologic pathologlques. - Facteurs de gravlte. - Choc et syndrome humoral. - Syndrome humoral du choc. - Diagnostic hematologique. - La toxhemie. - Formes cllnlques des brulures de l'aviation. 273- Colebrook, L., Clark, A. M., Gibson, T., and Todd, J. P. Studies of burns and scalds. (Reports of the Burn Unit, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, 1942-43). Part II. The control of infection in burns and scalds. Spec. Rep. Ser., Med. Res. Counc, Lond., 1944, 16-210. See particularly: Bacteriology and epidemiology of burns and scalds. (The coccal Infections of the first week. - The mixed infections of the sloughing period. - The later Infections of the g?!anulntlnf Period. - Tetanus.) p. 18-22. The tern "burns shock. The aetiology of burns shock. Scope of the present Investigation. Observations relating to capillary -45- GENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES (Continued) permeability and to fluid loss. p. 50-53. Blood changes and blood pressure in burned patients. (Methods. - Haemo- concentratlon and shock. - Anaemia In burns. - Changes in the leucocytes in burns.) p. 114-164. Alterations in urinary constituents. Alterations in blood constituents. Function tests. Post-mortem analysis of tissue. The absorption and excretion of sulphonamldes. Correlation in time of changes in blood and urine, p. 166-191. Deaths occurring during the "shock period." Deaths occurring after the "shock period." p. 192-202. 274. Cope. Brulures; physlologle pathologique. Praxis, Bern, 1940, 27: 498. Abstract of a paper read at a meeting of the society vaudolse de meaeclne, February 1948. 275. Cope, 0. The burn problem. Advance. Mil. M., Boston, 1948, 1: 149-158. See particularly Disordered physiology, Mal- nutrition, and Infection (p. 153-158). 276. Correa Ifeto, A. Quelmaduras. Rev. paul. med., 1942, 20: 588-590. Includes physiological considerations (p. 388). 277. Courtice, F. C. Some aspects of the pathology of thermal burns. Med. J. Australia, I9A9. 2: 738-740. Contents: The local lesion. - Secondary shock. - Toxaemia. - Nitro- gen metabolism in burns. - Anaemia in burns. 21 refer- ences . 278. Deaver, J. M., Cronkite, E. P., and Phillips, R. B. Se- vere burn; case report. U. 3. lav. M. Bull., 1944, 42: II62-H65. Case report emphasizing "the importance oT numerous underlying physiologic, metabolic and clinical factors." 4 references. 279. Demassleux, M. Brulures. Nourrisson, 1950, 38: 235-239. Abstracted In: Bull. Anal. CNRS, I95I, 121 pt. 2, 756. 7 references. 280. Elman, S. Physiologic problems of burns. J. Missouri M. Am., 1944, 41: 1-3. 28l. Entln, M. A., and Baxter, H. Experimental and clinical study of histopathology and pathogenesis of graduated thermal burns In man and their clinical implication. Plastic and Reconstr. Surg., 1950, 6: 352-371. 24 ref- erences . 282. Erb, I. H., Morgan, E. M-, and Farmer, A. W. The pathology of burns. Ann. Surg., 1943, 117: 234-255. 8 references. 283. Evans, E. I. Atomic burn injury. J. Am. M. Ass., 1951, 145: 1342-1345. "A brief discussion is given of the thermal hazards of an atomic bomb explosion as it might affect civilian casualty services In an American city." 284. Evana, E. I. Physical agents and trauma; shock and burns. Ann. Rev. Med., 1950, li 287-302. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 111 pt. 2, 2214. See particularly p. 297-3OO: "ThermaT Injury." 73 references. 216043 O - 52 - 4 -46- OENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES (Continued) -n inWiAs in atomic warfare. Med. Ann. 285- Evans, E. I. Thermal Injuries in"^. TypM of themal Dist. Col., i££, fi: * _ complicating factors in severe Injury. - Extent ?* yurns.lon. Z Relief of pain. - Treat- b^S>\nrnPsnock - SSd a^d electrolyte Snerapy. - Treat- St of burSs?^ Preparation for atomic attack. - A national blood program. 6 references. «o£ „_ a u Rnrns Univ. Toronto M. J., 1948/49, 26: 286. Parmer A ^^^p^oiogic.1 considerations andlfce precedence of general therapy over local treatment. 31 references. oPn woe-Ma v G. Flsiopatologla de las quemaduras. Rev. As. 2^' SdarKent., 1943757: 847-850. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr Bait!, 1945,*!0.: No. 3209- Discussion stresses secondary shock and local plasma loss. 30 references. 288. Foster, V. The pathology of burns. J. Am. Osteopath. Ass., 1951, 5_0: 515-516. 5 references. 289. Glenn, W. V. Burns; a clinical-pathological study. 179 p. Rochester, 1949. Thesls-Unlv. Minn, (typewritten). Con- tents: History. - Etiology. - Local considerations. - Blood changes. - Kidneys. - Liver. - Adrenals. - Spleen and lymph nodes. - Gastrointestinal tract. - Respiratory tract. 556 references. 290. Goncalves Bogado, L. Quelmaduras de guerra. Rev. med. cir., Brasil, 1942, 5J): IO87-IO98. See particularly Conside- racoes gerais. - Classificacao. - Slntomatologla e dados fornecldos pelo laborat6rlo. - Flsiopatologla e patogenla, p. IO87-IO95. 291. Gordon, S. D.. and Gordon, R. A. Thermal burns. Canad. M. Ass. J., 1945, 48: 502-509. "Physiological disturbances in burned patients are discussed and related to the gen- eral treatment..." "Complications in the early stages": P- 505-507. 15 references. 292. Greuer, W. Uber die Biologie des Verbrennungsschadens. Arch. Derm. Syph., Berl., 1943, 184: 112-114. Lecture presented at the 20th Meeting ofTBe Deutsche Dermatolo- gische Gesellschaft, WOrzburg, October 1942. 293. Greuer, W. Zur Biologie der Verbrennungsschfiden. Zschr. ges. exp. Med., 1942, 111: 120-144. A thorough reviev of physiological and pathological knowledge Is the basis for j the conclusion that the "burn toxin" possesses antigenic properties and that, therefore, serum therapy may be in- dicated. Approximately 85 references. 204. Hardy, J. D. Physiological responses to heat and cold. ^•rffe'renSsl01-' 195°' ^ 119"lJ*- Revlew artlCle' -47- 3ENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES (Continued) 295. Harkins, H. N. Physiological aspects of the treatment of burns. In: Lect. Peace and War Orthrop. Surg. (Am. Acad. Orthrop. Surgeons). Ann Arbor, 1943- p. 186-188. "The physiologic aspects of burns are Intimately correlated with the treatment. The general treatment of the burned patient is essentially an effort to restore the normal physiologic balance." The stages of shock, toxemia and infection are distinguished. 2 references. 296. Harkins, H. N. . The present status of the problem of ther- mal burns. Physiol. Rev., 1945, 25s 531-572. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946, 20TN0. 13217- Review article. "Some of the more Important local alterations and processes In burns considered in this article include necrosis, edema, increased lymphatic flow, separation of burn sloughs, and healing and regeneration. General prob- lems discussed include the use of morphine and anesthesia; burn shock, toxemia, anemia and hypoproteinemla; plasma and sodium therapy; the Influence of environmental tem- perature on recovery, and certain metabolic and endocrine relationships in burns. Burns form a prime example of a type of trauma vith marked local and widespread general effects." 221 references. 297. Harkins, H. N. The treatment of burns. 457 P. Spring- field, Thomas, 1942. The last Important work published before the Cocoanut Grove Fire, summing up ideas prevalent up to that time. Part I, The burn and its effects (p. 7- 192) includes the following chapters: Pathology. - Chemi- cal changes In burns. - Blood concentration following burns. - Shock in burns. - The rSle of the adrenals In bums. - The role of fluid loss In burns. - The rSle of toxins in burns. - The role of bacteria In burns. - Early complications of burns. - Curling's ulcer as a complica- tion of bums. - Late complications of burns. Bibliog- raphy contains 1320 references, some 400 of which refer to material published in 1940 or 1941. 298. Harkins, H. N. The treatment of burns and freezing. Forms v. I, ch. 17 of Levis' Practice of Surgery. 177 p. Hagerstovn, Md., Prior, 1947. Bibliography: p. I07-I77. 299- Iowa State University College of Medicine. Summary of clinical record. J. Iowa M. Soc, 1950, 40: 530-535. Case report including metabolic and autopsy findings. Clinical pathologic conference, September 27, 1950. 300. Johnson, J. R. Eighty-three percent body surface burn with recovery. U. S. Nav. M. Bull., 1945, 45: I63-I65. Case report illustrating "many of the complications commonly encountered and the course frequently observed in serious burns, i.e., primary or neurogenic shock, edema, hemocon- centration, toxemia merging into the stage of Infection, progressive anemia, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism and infarction. ... Inhalation bums of the respiratory tract were observed." -48- GENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES (Continued) 501. JovciJ, D. and Krstifi K. ^*g^4. i^S^M &&, Sffnitfofand'naturf of bfens?-rAnatomopathologlc as- SctT - Symptomatology. - Pathogenesis of general manl- festationsr- Biologic modifications. - Course of bums and complications. 302. Kumer, L. Ursachen, Erscheinungen und Verlauf der Verbren- ? nSungen. Arch. Derm. Syph., Berl., 1943, 184: 75-86. Ab- stracted In: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1948, 22TTNO. 20108. Good reviev article. "Schrifttum": p. 110-112. 303. Laurence, G. Acquisitions recentes conceraant la physio- pa thologie et le traitement des brulures. J. prat., Par., 1947, 6l: 433-438. Contents: Le choc chez les brules. - Fonctionnement renal des brules. - Lesions pulmonaires chez les brules. - L'infection chez les brules. - Les partes d'azote chez les brules. - Le traitement des brulures. 504. Lowen, C. H. Die schvere Verbrennung. Med. Klin., Berl., 1949, 44: 736-739. Discussion Includes the mechanism of the general symptoms following burns. 20 references. 305. Lund, C. C, Green, R. V-, and Levenson, S. M. Les brulures. In: Actual, med. chir., 1945, No. 9, 11-94. "The first part of this essay (to page 74) is being published in English In Internet. Abstr. Surg." (1946, 82: 443-478: No. 306 of this list.) 306. Lund, C. C, Green, R. V., Taylor, F. H. L., and Levenson. S. M. Burns. Internet. Abstr. Surg., 1946, 82: 443- 478. Contents: Definitions. - Pathology. - Metabolic changes in burns. - Bum shock. - Respiratory Complications, - Infection in burns. - Hyperpyrexia In burns. - Primary local treatment. - Secondary surface treatments. - Skin grafting. - Nutrition. - Chronic anemia. - Sex hormones. 199 references. 307. Lund, C. C, and Levenson, S. M. Burns. In: Cole W H Operative Technic In General Surg^T*. y ^Sk&n?" Ir JLJ?' tV-'t&'aS** Particularly 8ommon complications encesT^ (P* M *** fctrttl<» ,T-nnunaskrankheit. Zbl. Chir., 1951, 13: 897. 358. StSr. Die Ve^^^Sssification, pathogenesis, aHo" corn- Discussion includes c las sir 1 TLjL&t the Tagung der VereJnlgung ■fflSSl£^5Kt«ll««her Chlrurgen at Bad Pyrmont, September 1950. In^^Btln^ulshes three stages in the pnysiopathology of serfs' burnt and discusseTthem in detail. 2 refer- ences. **n Titze A Penetrierende Verletzungen mit gluhenden Staben. 54O. TItze, A^e55chr 1950, 100: 283-284. Special problems of 3rd degree burns ccmplTcaTted by lacerations and con- tusions . *4i uaiiAoe A B. The treatment of burns. London, Oxford 541' WaJn?versity Press, 1941- See particularly, The classifi- cation of burns, The clinical course of burns, (Initial shock. - Secondary shock. - Acute toxaemia. - Septic toxaemia. - Healing) and The complications of burns, (Respiratory lesions. - Duodenal ulcer. - Jaundice, etc.). p. 3-24. 542 Were, G. W. Burns. Clin. Proc. Child. Hosp., Wash., 1948-49, 5: 31-38. Short review including Pathology (p. 31-34), Complications and Infection (p. 36-37). 39 references. 343. *Zinck, K. H. Pathologlsche Anatomle der Verbrennung; zuglelch ein Beltrag zur Frage der Blutgewebsschranke und zur Morphologle der Eiwelsszerfallsverglftungen. 232 p. Jena, Fischer, 1940. (Veroffentlichungen aus der Konsti- tutions- und Wehrpathologle.) Reviewed in Bull. War M., Lond., 1943, 5_: 645-646 by G. R. Cameron. "This monograph deals with the morbid anatomical and histological findings in 12 fatal cases of burning." (Bull. War M-). 544. Zlnck, K. H. Zur pathologischen Anatomle der Verbrennung. Arch. Derm. Syph., Berl., 1943, 184: 114-117. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., 1948, 22: No. 54354. Lecture presented at the 20th Meeting of the" Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft, Vurzburg, October 1942. INFECTION AND BACTERIOLOGY 345. Altemeier, W. A., and Carter, B. N. Infected burns with hemorrhage. Ann. Surg., 1942, 115: 1118-1124. Report of 5 cases including a table of bacteria isolated from each one of the bleeding burns. 7 references. 346. Brailoyskll, la. Z. Sluchai mastoidita posle ozhoga ukna Denzlnom. [Case of mastoiditis following gasoline bum of the ear.} Vest, otorinolar., 1948, 10: No. 4, 71-72. Case report. — -53- INFECTION AND BACTERIOLOGY (Continued) 347. The burn as an open wound. Lancet, Lend., 1945, 1: 619-620. "Infection Is still the great bogy in the treatment of burns." Editorial. 11 references. 348. Colebrook, L. The burn as an open wound. Lancet, Lond., 1943, 1: 693. A comment on the editorial "The burn as an open wound," Lancet, Lond., 1943, 1: 619-620 (No. 347 of this list). 349. Colebrook, L. Infection in burns. Brit. M. J., 1945, 2: 114-115. Two groups of infection are distinguished: (1) the coccal Infections of the first week, which were the most threatening to life and to rapid recovery but the control of which was well within sight; (2) the bac- lllary infections occurring when sloughs were separating, and which were largely responsible for the patient's anaemia and low state." Abstract of a paper presented at a meeting of the British Orthopaedic Association, Glasgow, 350. Colebrook, L. Infection through soaked dressings. Lancet, Lond., 1948, 2: 682-683. "It Is suggested that some of the hospital cross-infections of burns and scalds (which frequently weep copiously during the first few days), and probably also of other open wounds whose dressings become soaked, may arise" by passing through of pathogens like Ps. pyocyanea, Proteus, hemolytic streptococci and staphy- lococci from the outer bandage to the wound. 7 references. 351. Colebrook, L., Duncan, J. M., and Butterfield, W. J. H. Added infections in burns; a study of 235 cases. Lancet, Lond., 1947, 1: 521-324. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1947, 51: NO. 17706. A study of infection by haemolytlc streptococci, Ps. pyocyanea, and B. proteus and its prevention. "The problem of controlling added Infections of burns vith Staph, aureus remains untouched." 20 references. 352. Deuretsbacher, H., and Kellner, H. Scharlach nach Ver- brennungen lm Kindesalter. Kiln. Med., Wien, 1948, 3: S O-735. Scarlatinlform exanthemata vere observed In out of 90 cases; 15 patients survived. Revlev of the literature and general considerations. 15 references. 553* *Faryna, T. Plonlca v przebiegu oparzed u dzieci. [Scarlet fever following burns in children.] Polski tygod. lek., 1951, 6: 1461-1463. 354. Finland, M., Davidson, C. S-, and Levenson, S. M. Chemo- therapy and control of infection among victims of the Cocoanut Grove disaster. Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1946, 82: 151-rr3. Discussion includes prevention of infection of the respiratory tract, chiefly by sulfadiazine. 8 references. 355- Freidenberg, J. Tetano en un quemado. Dla med., B. Air., 1947, If?: 590. Case report. -54- INFECTION AND BACTERIOLOGY (Continued) r. -i-i u » Heeaie. R- M-, and Home, E. A. 556. Gordon, J., &■*}' f: ^I'terlologlcal study of healing bums A histological and bacterloiogic^ j infection. with an enquiry into the signir^_6l% Abstracted in: J. Path, fact., Lond., 1|40, 20^3 g< j^^^ rt Biol. Abstr., fatt-'^^ fg; usual precautions In ex- fi^Sj £SbeneeV^e^c^^cee, a?lonfve?robserved in the character of the inflammatory response." 10 references. 557. Herrmann, V., and POtz, T. tTber das Vorkommen von Diph- theric- und Pseudodiphtheriebakterien auf 13randwunden. Deut. med. Wschr., 1945, 69: 744-746. Report of 80 cases 65 of which presented dipKtheria bacteria, or hyperacid pseudodiphtheria bacteria. A pathogenetic influence of these bacteria on the course of the burn injury could not be demonstrated. 15 references. 358. Hoge, W. G. The presence of Clostridia in burns with refer- ence to tetanus. Northwest. Univ. Bull., 1945, 19_: 111- 112. In a series of 267 burns, Clostridia tetani were observed In the initial culturee of 12. 359. Jackson, D. M., Lowbury, E. J. L., and Topley, E. Pseu- domonas pyocyanea in burns; its role as a pathogen, and the value of local polymyxin therapy. Lancet, Lond., 1951, 2: 137-147. This paper discusses the use of poly- mlxin combined with penicillin, but also includes back- ground material on the bacteriology of burns. 27 refer- ences . 560. Kashkln, P. N., Kashkina, E. G., Mints, B. M., and Neelova, N. S. Mlkroflora obozhzhennoi poverkhnosti. [Microflora of the burn surface.] Khirurgia, Moskva, 1949, No. 4, 15- 22. A comparative study of morphological and biochemical properties, pathogenesis and virulence of bacteria in the S^J^S? ba8ed on cllnlcal and experimental findings. XlS?iJ^bie8 a^ P^sented: Types of microorganism iio- inf lSburne areaa' ' Characteristics of streptococci and staphylococci. - Microflora of burns and its clrcum- aiTSf^ral^oom;.^^108 °f mi—«anlsms in the 561. Langohr, J. L., Owen, C. R., and Cope, 0. Bacteriologlc Sfturn vS^r18!,6 comparisoTof the bactSJa^Hora naniSmX » Patients treated with sulfonamides or S?£S Abstr"1, £S?" }£l' i£: h52^0k' Abstracted 1 FloSa'of S'i-^" 1947' IF No- 22694. Part I. therapy l.^io^f'm? Sn30und8. *** Penicillin sulfonamide theSSL ^Ij^ckness burn wounds under xonamice therapy. 5. pi0ra of partial-thickness burn -55- INFECTION AND BACTERIOLOGY (Continued) wounds under sulfonamide therapy. 4. Flora of partial- thickness burn woundB under penicillin therapy. 5. Distri- bution of flora according to body area. Part II. The de- velopment of resistance to penicillin by the flora of full- thickness burn vounds in patients treated vith penicillin systemically. Part III. The Incidence, virulence and re- sistance to penicillin of the staphlococcus in burn vounds of patients treated vith penicillin or sulfonamides; the significance of staphlococcal immunity to the healing of the wounds infected with the staphylococcus. Part IV. The Incidence, virulence and resistance to penicillin of the streptococcus in burn vounds of patients treated vith penicillin or sulfonamides. 47 references. 562. Leonard, J. C. Symposium on burns from the Hartford circus disaster. IV. Bacteriostatics employed and medical prob- lems. Ocoup. Med., 1946, 1: 116-120. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946, 20: No. 17595- Discussion in- cludes bacterial flora, hypochloremic, anemia and hypo- pro teinemia. 565. *Lowbury, E. J. L. The control of infection in burns. Med. World, Lond., 1951, 7_5_: 251-256. 564. Mazzinl, 0. F. Tetano eonsecutivo a quemaduras. Bol. Acad. argent, clr., 1947, 5_1: 199-201. Report of 2 cases. 565. Ramekawa, H., and Imal, S. Blood pictures In a case of scarlatina following serous meningitis and in a case of combustion scarlatina. Tohoku J. Exp. M-, 1941, 4l: 199- 207. Report of one case, Including "blood pictures ex- amined four times during the course." 566. Perdrup, A. Tetanus following burns; report of a fatal case In spite of prophylactic antitoxin and penicillin treat- ment during the period of incubation. Acta chir. scand., 1949, 97: 495-502. 5 references. 567. Sen, P. K. The problem of infection in burns. Ind. J. Surg., 1048, 10: 154-165. "A detailed study of a con- secutive series of 160 cases of burns (thermal and from other causes) treated in the K. E. M. Hospital, Bombay, during the years 1944 to 1947-" 568. Smith, H. C. Infected bums. Am. J. Surg., 1947, 7_4: 216- 221. Case report. 4 references. 569. Varshavskii, A. B. Osnovnye momenty ozhogovol skarlatlny. [Basic facts on burn scarlatina.] Sovet. med., 1947, No. 5, P« 19-20. Burn scarlatina is found only in chil- dren; it does not depend on the character of the bum and its location. Complications are less frequent than in ordinary scarlatina. Whenever the outcome is fatal, it is usually due to burn sepsis. 7 references. -56- INFECTION AND BACTERIOLOGY (Continued) ■V70 de Waal, H. L. Wound infection; a P^^^wtiolfof 57°* combined clinical and bacteriological ^.gg. Inves. 70S wounds. ,^^bu^'broken dolm by'types of in- Vf^£^SS^^Simt methods of treatment. 571. Zipf, H. F. Uber f n E^ss^r Jog^^ Wschstum von Bact. coll "gg^JJ^ 1947, 20*: 631-661. bedingungen. Amh^xp. Pa^ i.P ^^e symptoms S^Sar^snock snTchamcSrtstic ftdlof blood pres- of Primary f?^* anocn^ increased during the burn 8^nCK^!etlve!yLess traumatized animals, kept &«WjfcS prelecSg^a^^Tnese of cholinesterase In regulating circulation. 5( rerer ences. KIDNEYS Barac, G., see No. 202. 172 Barac. G. Brulure cutanee et dlurese aqueuse chez le chien. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1946, 140: 580-581. Abstracted in: Bxcerpta med., Sect. 2, 19487~1. 128. "Oliguria and acute anuria of the dog after burns are determined by excitation of the renal nerves. According to our present knowledge, this mechanism does not exclude the participation of other factors." 373. Barac, G. Capsule renale et dlurese aqueuse chez le chien brul«. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1948, 142: 549-551. The renal capsule is not initially responsible for oliguria and anuria. Early renal decapsulation has no direct ef- fect on the affected kidneys. 1 reference. Barac, G., see No. 11. Barac, G., see No. 12. 374. Barac, G. Histamine, antlhlstaminlques et diurdse aqueuse chez le chien normal et chez le chien bruie. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1949, 145: 550-553. Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1950, 44: 3142-3143. "In dogs large skin burns caused a marked-decrease in urine secretion. In normal intact dogs the Injection of sufficient histamine to produce a blood level of about 15 7/100 cc. caused a transient decrease In urine secretion. This action was independent of the hypotensive action and was not pre- vented by immediately previous injection of antinlsta- minics. The same antihistamlnlcs had no effect on the oliguria from skin burns." (Chem. Abstr.). Barac, G., see No. 13. Barac, G., see No. 14. -57- KIDNEYS (Continued) 575- Barac, G. Recherches sur la brulure; effet antidlure'tique du sang de chien brule a l'egard des reins au cou. Arch. internet, physiol., Liege, 1948, 56: 172-176. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: ptT 2, 1942. Cross-cir- culation experiments with dogs prove the Immediate renal antidiuretic effect of blood perfusing from the burned animal. 1 reference. Barac, G., see No. 205. Barac, G., see No. 204. 376. Barac, G. Sur le mecanlsme de l'oligurie du chien brule\ Experientia, 1947, £.: 200-202. The decreased diuresis observed on continuously Infused dogs following burns is due neither to hypoprotelnemia nor to Increased plasma viscosity nor to reduced plasma volume. It Is likely that an antidiuretic substance is produced by the bum. 9 references. 377. Barac, G. Systems nerveux et ollgurle du chien brule1. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1948, 142: 547-549. The excitation of the renal nerves directly responsible for oliguria is not exclusively of cerebral, but also of spinal character. 378. Brown, C. E.,and Crane, G. L. Bilateral cortical necrosis, of the kidneys following severe burns. J. Am. M. Ass., 1943, 122: 871-873. Case report. 7 references. 379- Dziemian, A.J. The effects of burns on kidney function. Fed. Proc, Bait., 1948, 7: 29-30. Experiments with goats. "Most severely affected was the effective renal plasma flow, which decreased in all burned animals. ... The greater decrease in plasma flow as compared with filtration rate, with an Increased filtration fraction, Indicated a constriction of the efferent arterioles of the kidney." 380. Emerson, K., Jr., and Binkley, 0. F. Nitrogenous constit- uents of the urine following severe burns. Proc. Am. Fed. Clin. Res., I9A9, 5_: 11. 38l. Goodpastor, W. E., Levenson, S. M., Tagnon, H. J., Lund, C. C, and Taylor, F. H. L. A clinical and pathologic study of the kidney in patients with thermal burns. Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1946, 82: 652-670. "Forty-seven patients vith burns were studiedTh an attempt to establish a correla- tion between kidney function during life and morphologic kidney abnormalities at autopsy. Twenty patients had ab- normal kidneys at autopsy and except in 2 cases which showed pyelonephritis, the renal lesions consisted of tubular necrosis and the presence of pigment and cellular casts In the tubules. The remaining 27 patients had no significant renal morphologic changes. The pigment casts gave positive 'hemoglobin stains' but no more specific identification was made." 34 references. -58- KIDNEYS (Continued) u tt< DeBakey, M. E-, and Denman, F. R. Renal 582. Haynes, B. w., J^., tr verely burned patients; a preliml- SS^S? S /leail^el^-ae^e^ complete recovery. 24 references. o, « „>,*<»*. n Reraman. H. C, and Prinzmetal, M. The role 585. Hechter O.^Be^n^H8ysteffi ^ burn 8hock. Am. Heart J., °qhc 2g. 495-498. "... The renal pressor system has no influence on either mortality or survival time in burn shock Renal excretory insufficiency decreases the re- sistance of animals to burn shock." 7 references. ^84 Huber. J., and Durand, C. Sur un cas d'anurie mortelle des 584. Huoer,go., ^^ g^^ ^ Parl8> 19^ &. 167.170. 385. Martineau, P. C, and Hartman, F. W. The renal lesions in extensive cutaneous burns. J. Am. M. Ass.. 1947, 134: 429-436. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., 1948, 22: NoT403. A study based on 84 experimentally burned dogs and 20 cases in man. 586. Miyazakl, G. Nessyo ni yoru tai-nai sintin-taisya no henka ni tuite; nessyO ni yoru ny5 sanka-syo no henka. [Changes in the metabolism of the internal body due to burns; changes in oxidation quotient of urine due to burns.] Igaku to Selbutugaku, 1946, 9_: 1-5. Mice and rabbit ex- periments . 587. Monsalngeon, A. La diure'se des grands brules^ element pronostique et guide thfirapeutique. Sem. hop. Paris, 1949, 25: 5253-3265. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, IT: pt. 2, 459. Detailed report of 3 cases and literature revlev. 14 references. 588. Monsalngeon, A., and Tanret, P. Note sur les modifications de la circulation intra-re'nale aprds brulure. C. rend. Soc. biol., 1949, 145: 1461-1465. Abstracted In: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, ITT pt. 2, 1182. Experiments vith guinea pigs, rabbits and rats demonstrate the presence of intra-renal vasomotor disturbances as shown by the intrarenal distribution of intravascular dyes. These phenomena may explain the mechanism of diuretic disturb- ances following burns. 589. Monsalngeon, A., Tanret, P., and Daussy, M.. La circulation intra-renale des brulii; Stude experimental. Presse med., 1949, 57: 1221-1224. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, IT: pt. 2, 705. Experiments demonstrate the possibility 5T an exclusion of cortlco-renal circulation after burns. 15 references. 590. Olson, W. H., Kroll, H., and Necheles, H. Effect of ln- rusion fluids and diuretics on the anuria resulting from T!!!?Lbur?3- Proc- In»t. M. Chicago, 1944, 15: 593-394. a comparative study was made on 62 dogs In order to test -59- KIDNEYS (Continued) the effect of various agents on the anuria produced by severe burns." Abstract of a paper delivered at a meeting of the Chicago Society of Internal Medicine, April 1945. 591- Olson, W. H., and Necheles, H. Experimental study of anuria in bums. Proc. Centr. Soc. Clin. Res., 1944, 17: 20-21. Also In: J. Laborat. Clin. M., 1945, 50: 5fl. "The anuria occurring in shock can be classified Into three different types. The anuria following thermal trauma begins imme- diately after the burn. The present report deals with a .comparison of various intravenous fluids used in order to overcome this acute anuria." Abstract of a paper presented at the 17th Annual Meeting of the Central Society for Clin- ical Research, November 1944. 392. Olson, W. H., and Necheles, H. Studies of anuria; effect of infusion fluids and diuretics on the anuria resulting from severe burns. Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1947, 84: 285-291. Ab- stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1947, 4l: 75S5f; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1947, 21: No. 24657- Translated in: Dla med., B. Air., 1947, 197 445-452. Report on 68 dog experiments. 22 references. 595. Picard, J. Influence des acides amines soufres sur 1'ex- cretion azotee urinalre des rats brules. Bull. Soc. chlm. biol., Par., 1950, 52: 672-679. During several days fol- lowing a burn, the urinary nitrogen excretion (particularly of non-uric nitrogen) Is Increased. Methionine and cystine do not reduce this nitrogen deficit. 15 references. 594. Radlgan, L. R., and Robinson, S. Effects of environmental heat stress and exercise on renal blood flow and filtra- tion rate. Am. J. Physiol., 1949, 150: 585-586. Ab- stracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 19507T1: pt. 2, 1570. Renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate of 5 normal male subjects showed considerable decrease under heat stress. Abstract of a paper read at the Fall Meeting of the American Physiological Society, Augusta, Ga., Sep- tember 1949. 595. Tagnon, H. J., Levenson, S. M., Goodpastor, W. E., and Taylor, F. H. L. A clinlco-pathologlc correlation of the kidney in patients vith thermal burns. Proc. Am. Fed. Clin. Res., 1945, 2: 24-25. Of 485 "patients vith thermal burns admitted to the Boston City Hospital," 4 died after more than 2 veeks and presented no renal changes, whereas in a group of 55 dying within 2 weeks, 14 cases of kidney abnormalities were found. They "were principally the presence of tubular casts and tubular degeneration or necrosis." Abstract of a paper presented at the Meeting of the Midwestern Section of the American Federation for Clinical Research, November 1944. LEGAL ASPECTS Beck, W. V., see No. 16. 596. Brown, T. C, Delaney, R. J., and Robinson, W. L. Medical Identification in the "Noronlc" disaster. J. Am. M. Ass., 1952, 148: 621-627. The identification of all but 5 of 119 persons burned to death in the Noronlc disaster was an -60- LEGAL ASPECTS (Continued) "outstanding achievement" of modern pathology: The facial ^.tnSs^ere wiped out, the skin was burned away, many features were wipea , shrivelled, and the eSni£T*£2i£' So severely damaged were the bodies tiat^w diftiiSuishing characteristics remained, and the ^iSuiel tobe resolved far exceeded the capacity of Se accepted procedures in the science of identification." 9 references. 397. Derobert,and Gascoln. Chute en gant des teguments de la main apres brulure. Ann. mea. leg., 1950, 30: 255-259- A case of unusually rapid sloughing-off of tne teguments of the hand. ^08 Dutra, F. R. Medicolegal examination of bodies recovered 5^' from burned buildings. Am. J. Clin. Path., 1949, 19: 599-607. 8 references. 399. Giuliani, G. Suicidio per ustioni, da introduzione in un forno. Lav. 1st. anat. istol. pat. Univ. Perugia, 1945, 4: 199-207. Case report. 400. Lacrolx, G. Considerazioni medico-legall su di una morte per ustione. Rass. med. indust., 1942, l^.: 159-165- The author presents a short discussion of the mechanism of death following burns and describes the possibility of myocardial changes In burn patients. On the basis of macroscopie and microscopic examination of an accident victim, he stresses the medico-legal importance of cardio- pulmonary complications. 17 references. 401. Piedellevre, Derobert, Balthazard, and PieaelieVre. Mor- phologle des brulures par gouttes d'huile projetees. Presse mea., 1°43, 5_1: 592-593. The morphology of recent burns and old burn scars is important in determining the direction of the spray. Abstract of a paper read at a Meeting of the Soci#t6 de MSdecine Legale de France, April 1943. Ponsold, A., see No. 90. 402. Sampson, B. F. Intracranial haemorrhages after death by burning. Clin. Proc, Cape Tovn, 1946, 5: 189-194. No definite ansver is given to the question if heat alone can cause intracranial haemorrhage in a person who is alive at the time of being placed In a fire." 403. Tesar, J. Popfilenl. [Burns.] Voj. zdrav. llsty, 1949, 18: 270-203. The author in this paper outlines the morbid- anatomic and morbid physiologic changes of forensic sig- miicance caused through burning. The local and systemic changes are described, particularly those caused in the blood, lungs, liver, kidneys, suprarenals and stomach. iSSJJF? caused by a primary or secundary shock, «r ?£5\toxemia or by Infection. A method of evaluation SmJK i~* surface is given and the question of suicide, 1^2 rn^LaCCidental Durnlng is discussed." Russian, Eng- J.isn and French summaries. -61- LTVER 404. Baker, R. D. The Internal lesions In burns with special reference to the liver and to splenic nodules. Am. J. Path., 1945, 21: 717-739- Abstracted In: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1945, 19_: Mo. 21240. 26 references, 405- Belt, T. H. Liver necrosis following burns, simulating the lesions of yellow fever. J. Path. Bact., Lond., 1939, 48: 493-493- "Four cases of extensive superficial burns In which death occurred within four days presented severe liver damage with mid-zonal necrosis, Council- man lesions and Intranuclear inclusion bodies. These findings were practically indistinguishable from those occurring in yellow fever." 18 references. 406. Boyce, F. F. The hepatic (hepatorenal) factor in burns. Arch. Surg., 1942, 44: 799-818. "Although the universal application of the theory of hemoconcentration in burns Is granted, it is pointed out that considerable valid evidence also exists in favor of the toxemic theory, and it is suggested that the two theories are not mutu- ally exclusive. The hepatic factor In the nonbacterial toxemia of burns is discussed from the experimental, clinical, laboratory and pathologic (postmortem) aspects." 46 references. 407. Buis, L. J., and Hartman, F. W. Hlstopathology of the liver following superficial burns. Am. J. Clin. Path., 1941, 11: 275-287. "Extensive central necrosis of the liver Is regularly seen in burn cases dying three to five days after the injury. Similar liver necrosis has been produced in our experimental animals and the lesion par- allels the extent and severity of the Injury. ... Anoxia resulting from the shock, plasma loss, hemoconcentration and acute congestion is suggested as a contributing cause of the liver necrosis." 12 references. 408. Clark, E. J., and Rossiter, R. J. Metabolism of liver slices after burning. Q. J. Exp. Physiol., Lond., 1943/44, 32: 269-277. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., 1944, 18: No. 15668. Changes observed in experiments with rabbit liver slices are "in all probability secondary to the circulatory changes following the burn." 41 references. 409. DesMarals, A., and Dugal, L. P. Hepatectomle partlelle et resistance aux brulures. I. Variations de la glycemie au cours des 24 premieres heures. Rev. canad. biol., 1947, 6: 568-371- Abstracted In: Bxcerpta med., Sect. 3, 1948, 2: 443. "... Blood sugar variations after burns are par- allel in hepatectomlzed and control animals. The blood- sugar level Is lower In hepatectomlzed rats, but hypo- glycaemla is recorded in only a few of the experiments, even in those in which death occurs." (Excerpta med.). 410. DesMarals, A., and Dugal, L. P. Hepatectomle partlelle et resistance aux brulures. II. Variations de 1'azote a- amlne du sang total. Rev. canad. biol., 1948, 7: 207- 211. Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1948, 42: 59771. "The level of whole blood a-amino nitrogen is Increased after 216043 O- 52 - 5 -62- (Contlnued) burns In the control as well as in the partially hepatec- tomised animals [rats]. The absolute Increase is more pronounced in the hepatectomlzed animals than in the con- trols. ... There Is no relation between the absolute level of a-amino nitrogen and resistance to burns of con- trol animals as compared to partially hepatectomlzed ones." 8 references. DesMarals, A., and Dugal, L. P. Hepatectomle partlelle et resistance aux brulures. III. Influence du jeune sur la survie. Rev. canad. biol., 1949, §: 240-242. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: pt. 2, 2492-2493. "White rats of equivalent weights have been divided into two groups: 1) hepatectomlzed animals (removal of 6=# of the liver); 2) hepatectomlzed animals fasting for 48 hours (24 hours before and after hepatectomy). All animals have been submitted to standard burns six hours after hepatectomy. Results show that the survival Is the same in both groups, i.e. is not Influenced by fasting." 6 references. DesMarals, A., and Dugal, L. P. Hepatectomle partlelle et resistance aux brulures. IV. Variation de la glycemle au cours des cinq jours suivant les brulures. Rev. canad. biol., 1949,5* 243-247. "The changes In blood sugar vere followed for a five days period in three groups of rats: rats burned after partial hepatectomy, burned sham operated controls, and non burned partially hepatectomlzed controls. The results indicate a complete lack of correlation be- tveen glycemla and resistance to burns after partial hepatectomy." 12 references. Dexter, F. E., and Petersen, R. E., see No. 212. Duff In, J. D. Liver necrosis following burns. Canad. M. Ass. J., 1942, 4j_: 138-139. "A case Is reported in which jaundice and signs of severe liver damage developed fol- lowing burns. Advanced liver necrosis was found. The lesions were Indistinguishable from these encountered in the livers of previously reported cases of burns and of yellov fever, and closely resembled those described as being present In Rift Valley fever." 7 references. Dugal, L. P., and DesMarals, A., see No. 213. Dugal, L. P., and Desmarals, A. Influence des brulures sur la regeneration et le taux de matleres seches du fole apres hepatectomle partlelle. Rev. canad. biol., 1948, 7: 212-216. Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1948, 42: 5978a. Rat experiments. "Five days after partial hepatectomy, the regeneration of the liver is so high (855O that ... the hepatectomy (65^) has lost its value as a test for the activity of the liver. ... During regeneration of the 4 IZi tnere is a definite increase of the water content in this organ. Burning, with or without starvation, has no effect neither on the regeneration nor on the water S25??? of the Uver, as determined in the well defined conditions of our experiments." 4 references. -63- LIVER (Continued) 415- Dugal, L- P., DesMarals, A., Desaulnlers, L., and Rlnfret, M. Jf^H60^6 Pf&i61^6 et resistance aux brfilures. Rev canad. biol., 1944, j. 474-480. "All the controls (57) have survived vhereal" 60* (25 out of 42) of the partially ^f-o^^v,81^18,116™ died after having been burnt7 SELE^S7 *?" fam?iIntensity. 90* of the experimental f^Sfi8. ld. W^at^e Dlood' vhereas less than 5 Intravenous in- C. rend. Soc. Di^^t2etnvI^amino-ethyl-N-benzylaniline jection of 10 mg/kg diethyl ^&t^ of burnlng m ^ chlorhydrate delays thePJ^ . by an average of 10^. * *-°iC u ti -.mm del slstema nervoso nell'insorgenza 454. Perez, «^ *^°i°neraie ^mediate dopo scottature. S^iSSS^IqK56: 1-3T On the basis of dog experi- Policlinico, 1949, ^ J |; t thB generai syndrome ^JlaSyafonowiSCs^lding is a nervous reflex phe- nomenon. 12 references. Rosin, la. A., and Gromakovskaia, M. M., see No. 95- 4^ Roth, N. Encephalopathy due to bums. Arch. Neur. Psychlat., 455* n phic 1941 45* 98O-985. An unusual case of encephalo- aShy'dueto burns is here presented, in which there were aphasia, athetosis and mental deterioration. The damage to the central nervous system is related to changes in the blood and circulatory apparatus.' 5 references. 456. Schachter. Les encephalopathies infantiles consScutives s des brulures. Ann. paediat., Basel, 1947, I08: 1°5-112. "Report of tvo cases of encephalopaty after burns in vhicn other pre-disposing factors could be recognised. Birth trauma of the brain, parental alcoholism and Infection play a part. Only on the soil of a previously damaged nervous system can burns act as provoking factors. 5 references. 457. Schachter, M. Encephalopathies et troubles caracteriels A la suite des brulures chez 1'enfant. Acta psychlat. neur., Kbh., 1950, 25_: 285-292. Report of 4 cases. 6 references. 458. Schachter, M. Insomnie rebelle passagere, complication diencephallque de brulure intense, localisee. Med. inf., Par., 1947, 5_4: 56-40. Case report. 2 references. Verdan, C, see No. 256. Verdan, C, see No. 257. 459. Walker, J., Jr., and Shenkin, H. Studies on the toxemia syndrome after burns. II. Central nervous system changes as a cause of death. Ann. Surg., 1945, 121: 301-313- , Spanish translation in: An. cirug., B. AlrT, 1945, 4: 30o- 518. "The case histories of six patients having severe burns and clinical evidence of central nervous system dam- age are presented. Five of these patients died in sudden respiratory failure when the renal and hepatic damage as- sociated with burn toxemia was decreasing in severity. The sixth patient had two episodes of apnea during the toxemic period but survived to die 62 days later of a pul- monary embolus. The brain in this case showed evidence of damage of the same type but of lesser degree than vas seen in the other five patients." Gross and histological findings are reported. l4 references. -67- NITROGEN BALANCE 440 441 Beattle, J. Metabolic disturbances after Injury. Brit. Bait" }IS' %o 8i5"%i Abstracted in: Blo7 AbXr! ~i Aoin948'^ No' 15425' Da*6 °n the negative nitro- E^J818?56 foTLowing burns of the lower limbs and of hands and arms are included. 27 references. ^Sf"0' ?' W* van' a™1 Peters, R. A. Observations upon a SS^f6-,111 *" enzymatic process In burns. Q. j. ExpV fSSiS'a *?&" l951! l£: 127-157- "A significant dif- ference in the rate of aeamination of DL-alanlne by liver slices of rats has been found between unburned and burned animals at the height of the nitrogen loss in the urine. .. ine experiments presented suggest this difference to be of ^enZ7^atlC nature. ... It appears to be the first enzy- ?£« c n118^6 to be correlated with the loss of N in the urine." 20 references, ™Lf^ lon ln*the urine of Potassium and phosphorusin- ^SreStJ^to"6^0 tv° ^3 after the burn but reSea thtr?h^ K ^1pre"^)Ufn level- These findings indicate and nf^oLisDa dissociation of nitrogen and phosphorus s™ sp srsssasa'is.sijra feet and arter thermal burns and pentobarbital anesth«ai» ™ only pentobarbital anesthesia^ 28 references °' Braasch, J. w., and Wakerlin, G. E., see No. 205. BT3M°h; ^No/I^1111' *' »" *11' J" H-, and Levenson, "^m*'/*' and Ludewig, S. Effects of proteins and ?l£$l0^necSn nilrogen nalance of burned rats. Surverv }?Zi: 4l- 43. After burns, "Increased nitrogen loss occurred, and the non-protein nitrogen level of blood rose, in spite of treatment preventing or markedly alleviating the shock process." 11 references. Sellers, E. A., You, S. S-, and You, R. W., see No. 228. 469. Taylor, F. H. L. The nitrogen requirement of patients vith thermal burns. Wash., 1944. (National Research Council, Blood Substitutes Report No. 39.) 7 p. Also in: J. Indust. Hyg-, 1944, 26: 152-155. "This summary report Indicates the great need" for the nutritional care of patients with thermal bums. ... The success of skin grafting depends in large part on the maintenance of good nutrition. Fail- ure to meet the demands of burned patients for nitrogen have resulted in hypoprotelnemla, edema and death from malnutrition." 8 references. 470. Taylor, F. H. L., Davidson, C. S., and Levenson, S. M. The problem of nutrition in the presence of excessive nitrogen requirement in seriously ill patients with particular reference to thermal burns. Connecticut State Med. J., 1944, 8: 141-148. "The criterion for the establishment of Increased nitrogen demand are reviewed. The effects of pregnancy, fever, anaemia, malnutrition, nephritis, neph- rosis and thermal burns on the nitrogen requirement are indicated. The extent of nitrogen deprivation in these conditions is emphasized. An outline of the method of prevention of the malnutrition of thermal burns is indi- cated. 16 references. T*Adm»a Fii Hi L*iKLeven?on; S* M" Davidson, C. S., and tlS iJLii" *bnor"»l nitrogen metabolism in patients with thermal burns. N. ttngi*nd j. m iota 000. fry;. ^•Abstracted in: Biol^r. Bait^ri^S: No. 6961. "jn a gerieg of burned patients ^zotiEla was the^rsioJe1?^011 °f 8?Vere burni1Sa"wa"u^uaiJyWof af irr^verSw- ^ V ^ Bam* ■^•~2j burned patients, -73- NITROGEN BALANCE (Continued) 472. Taylor, F. H. L., Levenson, S. M., Davidson, C. S., Adams, M. A., and MacDonald, H. Abnormal nitrogen metabolism in burns. Science, 1943, 9J_: 423. "Eleven of twenty-two severely burned patients excreted excessive amounts of nitrogen in the urine. Sometimes as much as 45 grams were excreted within 24 hours" causing a serious nitrogen deficit. 2 references. 475. Taylor, F. H. L-, Levenson, S. M., Davidson, C. S., Brovder, N. C, and Lund, C. C. Problems of protein nutrition in burned patients. Tr. Am. Surg. Ass., 1943, 61: 215-224. Case report. "Increased nitrogen excretion In the urine of some severely burned patients has been established. Calculable nitrogen deficits, based upon Intake and out- put studies alone, of seme duration and great magnitude have been observed." Presented before the American Sur- gical Association, Cincinnati, Ohio, May 1943. Discussion by L. S. McKlttrick, R. Elman, E. A. Graham, Maurot and A. Brunschvlg. 7 references. 474. Walker, J., Jr. A study of the azotemia observed after severe burns. Surgery, 1946, 19: 825-844. Abstracted In: Chem. Abstr., 1948, 42: 7449; Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1947, 21: No. 16722. "There vas a marked rise in plasma non- protein nitrogen within two to six days following thermal burns in seven patients ... due chiefly to an increase in an as yet undetermined fraction. The degree of this rise vas of prognostic importance. There was a constant ... Increase In the excretion of urinary nonprotein nitrogen, with 30 to 50 per cent of the Increase due to the unde- termined fraction. ... A considerable depression of the urea clearance during the phase of toxemia ... persisted ... In cases of severe burns until the Injured areas were eplthelized." 39 references. 475. Walker, J., Jr. Changes In the non-protein fractions of the plasma nitrogen following extensive thermal burns. Am. J. M. Sc, 1945, 20g: 413-414. "In a study of the toxemia syndrome in over 100 thermal burns ... the sever- ity of the clinical picture seemed to be closely corre- lated vith the elevation of the plasma non-protein nitro- gen ... all ... patients ... In whom the non-protein nitrogen rose to above 100 mg. per 100 ml. of plasma died. Urea nitrogen, uric acid nitrogen, creatinine nitrogen and alpha amino nitrogen were analyzed separately and seldom Increased very much. Fifty to 80$ of the rise occurred in the undetermined fraction of the non-protein nitro- gen. ... Whether any of this undetermined nitrogen repre- sents a toxic factor or vhether lt is merely a response to tissue Injury remains uncertain." RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 476. Aub, J. C, Pittman, H-, and Brues, A. M. The pulmonary complications; a clinical description. Ann. Surg., I9A3, 117: 854-840. "In most patients the degree of Inhalation Burn was by no means ascertainable directly after the fire, and the extreme edema, which occurred later could -74- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (Continued) nn* hP predicted; the resuscitation of patients In acute attacks oledema vas difficult and unsatisfactory. ... Tho^nulmonary complications were bizarre and character- ed bV extreme variability, with areas of lung collapse and emphysema, which were often quite transient and migra- tory . ..." H77 rone 0.. and Rhinelander, F. W. The problem of bum shock U' complicated by pulmonary damage. Ann. Surg., 1945, 117: 915-928. Contains detailed metabolism studies. 10 ref- erences . 117ft Deoartment of Health for Scotland. Hospital treatment for 7 burns. 59 p. Edinburgh, H. M. Stationery Office, 1942. (Eaergency Medical Services Memorandum No. 8). "Burns of the air-passages": p. 32-33- General outline of treatment. 479. Finland, M., Davidson, C. S., and Levenson, S. M. Clinical and therapeutic aspects of the conflagration injuries to the respiratory tract sustained by victims of the Cocoanut Grove disaster. Medicine, Bait., 1946, 25: 215- 285. Contents: Classification of the respiratory tract complications. - Relation between the surface burns and respiratory damage. - Clinical features of the respiratory involvement. - On the possible causes of the respiratory tract damage. - Therapeutic problems. - Follow-up obser- vations. 51 references. 480. Finland, M., Davidson, C. S., and Levenson, S. M. Effects of plasma and fluid on pulmonary complications in burned patients. Arch. Int. M., 1946, 77: 477-490. Abstracted In: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946, 20: No. 19542. 17 refer- ences. 48l. Finland, M., Rltvo, M., Davidson, C. S-, and Levenson, S. M. Roentgenologic findings In the lungs of victims of the Cocoanut Grove Disaster. Am. J. Roentg., 1946, 55_: 1-15. "The roentgen changes vere essentially simi- lar to those described by Schatzki and were consistent with the lesions found at autopsy. Most of them could be ascribed to atelectasis and emphysema resulting from a severe membranous laryngotracheobronchltis vith ob- struction." 5 references. 482. Mallory, T. B., and Brickley, W. J. Pathology; vith special S!;eSSnce t0 the Pulmonary lesions. Ann. Surg., 19*3, 111: 0O5-B84. 5 references. 483' n°lillL k; PM The effects on the lungs and air passages of m rZ'Oft y h?Land extremely cold air. Bull. N. England ™„2hter» 1945, 7: 222-223. "Anesthetized dogs vere caused to breathe hot dry and moist air through a trans- om;; ^v1** ••• T*16 "^st vulnerable portion of the lung to thermal injury Is the central parenchyma." 484. ef&tt'J?"* henrlques, F. C, Jr., and McLean, R. The effects of Inhaled heat on the air passages and lungs. Am. J. Path., 1945, 21: 311-331. 2 references. -75- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (Continued) 485. Pittman, H. 3., and Schatzkl, R. Pulmonary effects of the Cocoanut Grove Fire; a five-year follow-up study. N. England J. M., 1949, 24l: IOO8-IOO9. "From the data on the 16 patients whom ve"have recently examined clinically and roentgenologically and the 3 additional patients re- porting by mail, persistent cough is not reported by any patient and only 5 of the 19 raise any sputum. It seems probably that there is no persisting or secondary pulmonary disease resulting from the fire damage." 2 references. 486. Schatzkl, R. Roentgenologic report of the pulmonary lesions. Ann. Surg.,. 1943, 1T7_: 841-864. "Thirty-five of the sur- vivors of the Cocoanut Grove disaster were examined roent- genologically. . . Pulmonary pathology was found at some time in 22 patients... The roentgenologic appearance of the lungs was bizarre and varied from patient to patient. The majority of the lesions, however, could be explained by areas of atelectasis and emphysema, both apparently due to bronchial occlusion, particularly of the smaller bronchi. Atypical lesions (miliary nodules, and areas of 'drowned1 lung) were seen in a few cases." 11 references. SKIN 487. Allen, F. M-, and Safford, F. K., Jr. Experiments on local hypothermia for treatment of burns and frostbite. Arch. Surg., 1950, 6l: 515-523. "For treatment of bums, hypo- thermia in the form of several hours' Immersion In water at reduced temperatures vas found beneficial in rats." 53 references. 488. Altemeier, W. A. Hemorrhage complicating cutaneous bum. Cincinnati J. M., 1942, 23: 176-178. Case report. 489. Arzt. Kalkelnlagerungen In Verbrennungsnarbe. Kiln. Med., Wien, 1947, 2: 634. Case report. Abstract of a paper read before :Ehe Osterreichische Dermatologische Gesell- schaft In Wien, March 1947. 490. Baxter, H., Stevenson, J. A. F., Schenker, V., and Browne, J. S. L. The effect of different agents on the rate of epithelial regeneration: use of the dermatome donor area in obtaining clinical data. Canad. M. Ass. J., 1944, 5_0: 411-415. "In many respects, the dermatome donor site resembles an uninfected second degree burn, and, since the variables of depth and site may be so easily controlled, lt forms an experimental wound from which much can be learned about the value of various agents In the treat- ment of burns." 5 references. 491. Beck, J. S. P., and Melssner, W. A. Atomic bomb surface burns; some clinical observations among prisoners of war rescued at Nagasaki, Kyushu. J. Indiana M. Ass., 1947, 40: 515-521. "Rays from the activated atomic bomb produced first, second, and third degree thermal burns of the skin. The distribution of the burns was Influenced by the position of the body and the wearing -76- SKIN (Continued) apparel of the victim at the time of exposure. The depth Variations of the burns on a given area of the body were correlated with the surface anatomical features and the incidence of the rays." 492. Beloff, A., and Peters, R. A. An investigation for tbs presence of a skin protease inhibitory factor in burned skin. J. Pbyslol., Lond., 1946, 105: 54-57. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1947, ^Jno. 2766. "No pro- tease Inhibitor can be recovered from the burned skin of the rat. The decrease in proteolytic activity of skin after burning is mainly due to escape of the enzyme into the circulation." 4 references. 495. Beloff, A., and Peters, R. A. Observations upon thermal burns; the influence of moderate temperature burns upon a proteinase of skin. J. Physiol., Lond., 1944/45, lp3_: 461-476. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., 1945, 3°.: No.156l5. "The presence of a proteolytic enzyme has been demon- strated in human, rat, guinea-pig and rabbit skin. ... The behaviour of the 'skin proteinase' has been followed after burns at temperatures varying from 54 to 65° C. for 1 min. Though these temperatures produce little change In the activity of the enzyme through heat lnactivatlon, there is a decrease In the proteinase content of the skin due to burning. At 60° C. this reaches an average of 54jf in 2 hr. and at 540 c, 330- ... The relation of the proteinase to 'burn toxin theories' is discussed." 34 references. 494. Best, R. R., Coe, J. D., and McMurtrey, G. B. The effect of soaps containing hexachlorophene on wounds and burned surfaces. Arch. Surg., 1951 62: 895-902. Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1951, 4|: 8653g. *Histol. evidence indicates that the presence of 2$a> hexachlorophene in bar soap (dlld. vith equal parts of water) exerts no Influ- ence on the amt. of tissue reaction. Wound healing vas not delayed. Liquid soap contg. ale. showed a more marked tissue reaction but was more effective against pathogens. Hexachlorophene soap Is preferable to tincture of green soap for washing wounds." (Chem. Abstr.). 495' ^sustaTnJ^8?? Tau*uki, M. Observations of burn scars «* hypertrophic s that Sohah^86, h88 °.ccurred after healing of flash burns that probably^were^of^deep second or thlrt degree sever- 496. Bocage, a>, Perthaln, E., and Pelletier. Cicatrices hyper- fr^ di2m .n°^Ula^r?I en naPPe aprSs brulures. Bull. Soc. fr. derm. 8yph., 1948, 53. 21_22. ^ae report. 97' *^maduraJ'«A;«.De?eneracl6n cancerosa de una cicatriz por que- 1951/26* ^l-j^S0116111* 8fl°8 del &ccldente. Med. espafl., Braithwaite, p., and Moore, F. T., -77- SKIN (Continued) 498. Brush, B. E., Lam, C. R., and Ponka, J. L. Wound healing studies on several substances recommended for the treat- ment of burns- Surgery, 1947, 21_: 662-667. "A number of substances vhich have been suggested or recommended for the treatment of burns have been applied locally to small wounds In guinea pigs and the healing time compared with that of control wounds in the same animal which vere treated with dry gauze. Tannic acid in solution and in jellies caused a marked delay in healing. Proflavine dihydrochloride (1:1000) and hydrosulphosol were moder- ately inhibitory. Blodyne ointment and two kinds of carbowax base gave slight delay In one-half the animals. Wounds dressed vith petrolatum gauze and a stearate grease healed in the same time as the controls." 17 references. 499. Buettner, K. Effects of extreme heat and cold on human skin. II. Surface temperature, pain and heat conduc- tivity in experiments with radiant heat. J. Appl. Physiol., 1951, 5: 705-715. "The surface temperature of human skin, irradiated with strong infrared radiant heat, vas observed. The skin reaches its pain point within 2 to 60 seconds, depending on radiation intensity and on the initial skin temperature. ... The pain threshold temperature and the depth of pain receivers in the skin are 44.8° C. and 0.1 mm., respectively. From our data the heat conductivity of the upper skin can be derived. ... Additional experiments concern heat burns. .. Pre- cooling the skin seems to offer an effective protection against overheating." 19 references. 500. Bull, J. P., and Lennard-Jones, J. E. The impairment of sensation in burns and its clinical application as a test of the depth of skin loss. Clin. Sc, Lond., 1949, 8: 155-167. "A standard method for the study of pain sensation in normal skin and experimental burns Is de- scribed. ... In general partial thickness burns, both experimental and clinical, showed moderately diminished pain sensibility. In full thickness burns, on the other hand, the pain sensibility was greatly reduced or com- pletely absent." 7 references. 501. Caccialanza, P. II comportamento del fenomeni di dif- fusions nei focolai di ustione dells, cute umano. Boll. Soc. Ital. biol. sper., 1945, 18: 83-84. Abstract of a paper read at the Meeting ofHEhe Societa Italians di biologia sperlmentale, Sezione di Modena, February 1943- 502. Cannon, B., and Cope, 0. Rate of epithelial regeneration; a clinical method of measurement, and the effect 01 various aeents recommended in the treatment of burns. Ann. Surg?, 1943, 117: 85-92. Various agents recom- mended for treatment of de-brided bum surfaces were tested by application to "the donor area from which a skin graft of uniform thickness has been cut with the dermatome." 12 references. 505 Cantor, H. Cancer following burn scars. Virginia M. Month. 1948, 7_£: 197-199. 7 references. 216043 O- 52 - 6 -78- SKIN (Continued) 504. Carrasco, C. Quelmaduras. As grandes fun93es cutfineas ofendldas. Clin. hlg. and hidr., Lisb., 1944, 10: 50-54. 505 Connor, G. J., and Harvey, S. C. The healing of deep ther- mal bums; a preliminary report. Tr. Am. Surg. Ass., 1944 62: 362-366. Also in: Ann. Surg., 1944, 120: 362- 366. "Th the experimental laboratory it has been found that the normal development of a plan of cleavage between living and dead tissues can be markedly accelerated by the use of acidB. With certain of the organic acids, in the proper concentration, and with a carefully and suita- bly adjusted pH this can be accomplished without signifi- cant injury to viable tissues. This makes it possible in the experimental animal to remove the slough resulting from a severe burn in 48-72 hours, and to employ Immediate skin grafting for the closure of the wound." 3 references. 506. Converse, J. M., and Robb-Smlth, A. H. T. The healing of surface cutaneous wounds; Its analogy with the healing of superficial burns. Ann. Surg., 1944, 120: 873-885. "In the study of superficial burns, a comparative study of 500 donor areas of partial thickness skin grafts vere done" and the results were studied. Further, "from 191 burned patients, 63 biopsy specimens were removed" and investigated. A description of the clinical and path- ologic aspects of superficial burns is given." 4 refer- ences . 507. Cucinotta, U. Altre ricerche sui fenomenl allerglcl nelle ustioni. Rlv. pat. clln., Parma, 1950, 5: 187-197. Hy- persensitivity of the skin is found in laboratory animals after burns. 5 references. 508. Davies, J. N. P., Kadama, I. S., and D'Souza, T. Pemphigoid eruption follovlng bums. East Afr. M. J., 1946, 23:115- 117- Report of a case offering "a very interestingex- ESlLJf.S?* l^Ufatlon of a skin eruption in previously traumatlsed areas of skin." 5 references. Derobert,and Gascoin, see No. 397. 509. Elman, R., and Lischer, C. The local skin lesion in experi- mental burns and its relation to systemic manifestations. Surg. Gyn. Obst., 19M, 78: 346-349. "Experimental ther- mal Injuries are described" and the production of 3 types of skin damage, i.e., edema, vet necrosis, dry necrosis, vith variations in the intensity and duration of the bum stimulus as veil as vith the cooling effect of blood flov are correlated. The importance of differentiating vet and dry necrosis in human burns is discussed and evidence is presented suggesting that the former lesion may produce ■toxic manifestations." 2 references. 510. Evans, E. I., Hoover, M. J., and James, G. W-, III. The absorption of sulfonamides from the burn surface. Surg. fe 21st'I 1942' §P-! 297-302. "These studies indicatl H.™ absorption of sulfonamides from the bum surface J!L.* I vhen oil ba8e ointments are employed. In con- KwXi X^v,8 2ater dlflPerslble base is used toxic blood levels of the drug may occur." 8 references. -79- SKIN (Continued) 511. Glenn, W. W. L. A physiologic analysis of the nature and of the treatment of burns. Ann. Surg., 1944, 119: 801- 814. Abstracted In: Prensa meo. argent., 19457~52: 1298- 1500. Includes: The general nature of a burn of The skin. - Special changes in burns. 1. The epithelium. 2. The vascular lesion. 55 references. 512. Glover, D. M., and Kiehn, C. L. Marjolln's ulcer; a pre- ventable threat to function and life. Am. J. Surg., 1949, 18: 772-780. Report of 7 cases. 16 references. Gordon, J., Hall, R. A., Heggle, R. M., and Home, E. A., see No. 356. Ham, A . W., see No. 6l. 515. Hogg, L., Payne, J. T., and Pearse, H. E. Experimental flash burns; the pathologic aspects. Arch. Path., Chic, 1950, 42: 267-277. Abstracted in: Fed. Proc, Bait., 1949, 8: 558; Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: pt. 2, 2495. "Experimental flash burns were produced~on swine by ex- posing the animals to the heat of burning magnesium flash powder. The burns were characterized on histologic sec- tion by abrupt demarcations laterally and horizontally. The lesions healed by sequestration or organization of the burned tissues. The cutaneous blood vessels beneath the burns retained reactivity, so that erythema and edema were prominent." 514. Howes, E. L. Recent advances in studying the problems of healing and their effect on the treatment of wounds and burns. N. York State J. M., 1944, 44: 2006-2011. Short review. Paper read at the Annual Meeting of the Medical Society of the State of New York, May 1944. 17 refer- ences. 515 Kozdoba, A. Z. Zazhlvlenle ozhogov pri avitaminozakh i gipovltamlnozakh A, D, 1 C; eksperimentalnoe obosnovanle vitaminoterapii ozhogov. [Healing of burns in A, D, and C avitaminoses and hypovltaminoses; experimental analysis of vitamin therapy In burns.] Khlrurgia, Moskva, 1942, No. 10, 52-57- Nutrition in general, particularly vita- min contents, is an important factor in the biologic processes in the healing of burns. Cicatrization of burns in A avitaminosis and hypovltaminosis is slower (20-44 days) than in the control animals. D avitaminosis and hypovltaminosis slovs dovn the healing process by 8-24 days. C avitaminosis has a sharp deteriorating effect on the regenerative processes. Necroblotic processes prevail In the traumatic area. 516. Lam, C. R-, and Puppendahl, M. The pyruvic acid method of burn slough removal; an experimental investigation. Ann. Surg., 1945, 121: 866-871. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1945, T%J No. 22267. Dog experiments. "Early sloughing vas produced by dressing the small third-degree burns vith pyruvic acid in starch paste, plain 8 per cent -80- SKIN (Continued) ^ Jelly and cotton vet with dis- SEed Jater' ?hfon?y common factor appears to be the 'wSntss • ft IfsuggJsted that the favorable effect on sloughing obtained vith pyruvic acid paste is due more to maceration than to pH. A dry gangrene has been converted to a vet one." 1 reference. Leach, E. H., Peters, R. A., and Rossiter, R. J., see No. 174. 517. Loeffler, R. K., Herron, J. W., and Thomas, V. A quanti- tative study of percutaneous absorption. IV. Absorption of minute quantities of radiostrontium chloride through burned rat skin. San Francisco, 1951. V(U. S. Nav. Radiol. Defense Lab., Report AD-308(B).) 29 P. McCleery, R. S., Schaffarzlck, W. R., and Light, R. A., see No. 76. m8 Macomber, W. E., and Trabue, J. C. Marjolin ulcer case reports. Plastic and Reconstr. Surg., 1951, 7_: 152-156. Report of 3 cases. "Marjolln ulcers should be prevented by giving adequate initial treatment to acute burns and grafting these burns at the earliest possible time, eliminating the formation of thick avascular vulnerable scars. ... Cancer does develop in burn scars. Any chronic ulcer should be considered malignant until proven otherwise." 10 references. 519. Maun, M. E-, Schneider, R. C, Pilling, M. A., and Hlrshfeld, J. W. Tissue reactions to medicaments used in the local treatment of bums. Surgery, 1943, 14: 229-238. "In order to test ... the medicaments used" in burn therapy ve placed them on prepared donor sites of dogs, and ve have been able to study the reactions of normal tissue to the medicaments In serial biopsies. ... The demonstration that most of the agents commonly employed in the treatment of burns have the ability to destroy normal tissues and thereby Increase the depth of the burn, demands that one question the vlsdom of employing them. 8 references. 520. Moore, F. D., Evans, R. D., and Ball, M. R. The histo- chemistry of burned human skin. Ann. Surg., 1948, 128: 266-282. Abstracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1949, 45: 1477b. The histochemical changes in burned human skin are de- scribed. The established histochemistry of skin and muscle are contrasted vith respect to their potential for cation transfer. From these data, observed and calculated, "'L1?*7 c°nclude that, folloving burns, the entrance of sodium into skin cells is evidence of cell death; lt is an alteration in tissue chemistry of great local signifi- ^nSe:^From,tne vlewpoint of the total organism, hovever, S* terations impose little sodium deficit and no dis- cernible potassium excess. Were similar changes to occur iL^fi?**-! f^cle, massive electrolyte transfer vould I^iSVfi7 alter the chemical composition of both lntra- 14 refSre extracellular fluid, and endanger survival." -81- SKIN (Continued) 521. Morltz, A. R. Studies of thermal Injury. III. The pathol- ogy and pathogenesis of cutaneous burns; an experimental study. Am. J. Path., 1947, 25, 915-941. Abstracted In: Biol. Abstr., 1948, 22: No. 8428. Experiments vith hu- man and porcine skin. "The transfer of heat to the skin at a rate sufficiently great to raise the subsurface temperature to an appreciably higher level than that which is normal for the organism leads to a series of local re- active and alterative changes, the severity of vhlch bears a direct relationship to the degree and duration of the temperature rise. The nature of the change that occurs at any given depth below the surface of the exposed skin is determined in part by the Intensity and duration of the temperature rise at that level and In part by the nature of the affected tissue." 5 references. 522. Morltz, A. R., and Henrlques, F. C, Jr. The reciprocal relationship of surf see temperature and time in the pro- duction of hyperthermic cutaneous Injury. Am. J. Path., 1947, 25_: 897-898. "The threshold for the occurrence of Irreversible epidermal injury at surface temperatures varying between 44 end 100° c. vas observed in porcine and human skin. ... The time required to produce irre- versible Injury bore an inverse relationship to tempera- ture. The effect of circulation of blood through the dermal capillaries on the susceptibility of the skin to thermal injury was Investigated. ..." Abstract of a paper read at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists, May 1947. Discussion by R. H. Rigdon and H. Lund. 525. Moritz, A. R., and Henriques, F. C, Jr. Studies of ther- mal Injury. II. The relative Importance of time and sur- face temperature in the causation of cutaneous burns. Am. J. Path., 1947, 23_: 695-720. 8 references. 524. Murakami, T. Kasyo hanryo gan (syorel hokoku bunken ni yoru tokii kansatu). [Burn cancer; case reports and statistical revievs of literatures.] Rinsyo geka, 1949, 4: 291-298. The author revievs 9 cases of his ovn and D.6 cases taken from the literature. Detailed data are presented: Sex, occupation and age of patients; location of burn and time interval; condition of burn scar; loca- tion of cancer and metastases; metabolic studies; prog- nosis and pathogenesis. The development of the cancer is due to circulatory disturbances originating in the local scar. 13 references. 525. Niedelman, M. L. Fibrosarcoma pro tube rans. Ann. Surg., 1946, 125_: 311-314. Case report. 3 references. Patey, D. H., and Scarff, R. W., see No. l8l. 526. Patey, D. H., and Scarff, R. W. Treatment of burns vith partial skin destruction. Lancet, Lond., 1945, 1: 146. In a burn with only superficial necrosis of the dermis, the follicular and glandular structures are all present and capable of re-epithelialising the raw area. They -82- SKIN (Continued) cannot do so hovever until the superficial layer of co- pulation necrosis has been cast off, a slow process accompanied by Inflammatory and subsequent fibrotlc SSangetlnthl dermis." 3 references. Perdrup, A., see No. 197- c: 201- 206. "The optimal environmental temperature range for highest survival of mice In burn shock vas found to be 65 to 71 F. In a hot environment, the Increased mortality in shock is due to a further decrease in the effective circulation and an increase in capillary congestion caused by the toxic factor. In shocked mice kept In a cold en- vironment, an Increased bleeding volume and a reduced degree of capillary atony werefound when compared with values obtained in an environment with ordinary room tem- perature." 14 references. -85- SYSTEMIC EFFECTS (Continued) 548. Bergman, H. C, Rosenfeld, D. D-, Hechter, 0., and Prinz- metal, M. Ineffectiveness of adrenocortical hormones, thiamine, ascorbic acid, nupercaine, and posttraumatic serum in shock due to scalding burns. Am. Heart J., 1945, 29.: 506-512. "The therapeutic activity against shock due to a standardized scalding burn in rats and mice has been ascertained for the following substances: desoxycorticos- terone acetate, adrenal cortical extract, thiamine, ascor- bic acid, nupercaine, and posttraumatic convalescent serum It vas found that none of these agents possessed signifi- cant antiscald shock activity when tested on a sufficient number of animals under controlled conditions." 29 refer- ences . 549. Berman, J. K., Peterson, L-, and Butler, J. The treatment of burn shock with continuous hypodermoclysls of. physio- logical saline solution into the burned area. Surg. Gyn. Obst., 1944, 78: 337-345- "Isotonic sodium chloride solution injected hypodermically into the burned area in experimental animals curtails the loss of plasma and elec- trolytes, makes possible the dilution and excretion of hypothetical toxins, controls body temperature, prevents pulmonary edema and anuria. As a result of these effects survival time is considerably Increased In the treated animals."' 14 references. Bosse, M. D., Gross, P., and Hagan, M. L., see No. 20. 550. Bravo Asenjo, J. Tratamlento del "shock" producldo por quemaduras. Farmacoter. actual, Madr., 1948, 5: 417-421. See particularly Flsiopatologla del shock, p. 417-419. 22 references. 551- Buonomo la Rossa, B. L'azlone degli antlstaminici sullo shock se'condario da scottature. Rass. lnternaz. clin. ter., 1949, 29_: 328-532. In the guinea pig, synthetic antihistamines diminish edema; this confirms the hypothe- sis that histamine or hlstamine-llke substances are re- sponsible for secondary burn shock. 8 references. 552. Carey, E. J., Massopust, L. C, Zelt, W-, and Haushalter, E. Studies on ameboid motion and secretion of motor end- plates. VII. Experimental pathology of the secretory mechanism of motor end-plates In thermal shock. Am. J. Path., 1946, 22: 175-253- "Whole-mount specimens of the gastrocnemius muscle and the motor end-plates from 250 rats subjected to thermal shock produced by water Immer- sion (except the head and neck) at 75° to 90° C. for 1 to 10 seconds, were studied by the gold and teasing method." The sequence of histological changes is described. 74 figures. 19 references. 553- Cerda G., G. Problemas nutritlvos en los guemados. Bol. Clin. Martinez Villarreal, Monterrey, 1946, 2: 73-79- Nutritional disorders following burns are described. 8 references. Cope, 0., and Rhinelander, F. W., see No. 477- -86- SYSTEMIC EFFECTS (Continued) 554. Deble, P., Lafontaine, A., and Willot, W. Influence des regions brul6es sur l'etat general chez la grenoullle. Arch, internet, pharm. dyn., Par., 194o, 22.: 207-293 • 10 references. 555. Dekanskl, J. The effect of cutaneous burns on histamine In mice. J. Physiol., Lond., 1945, 104: 151-160. "Ex- tensive cutaneous burns in mice caused the new formation of histamine, mainly in the skin, so that the total amount of histamine in the mouse was almost doubled In 10 min. This excess histamine was mostly excreted in the urine during the next 48 hr., if the mice survived. The relation of this phenomenon to shock following burns is discussed." 28 references. 556. Dekanskl, J. The effect of severe burns and some proteln- precipitants on skin-histamine in oats. J. Physiol., Lond., 1947, IO61 33-41. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., 1948, 22: NO.TI67. "Small areas of cat's skin were burned under anaesthesia and then extracted vith tri- chloroacetic acid. After moderate burns (60° C.) the histamine equivalent increased in the burned area. After severe burns (80° C. and 140° C.) the histamine origi- nally present slowly disappeared." 11 references. 557- DesMarals. A. Contribution a 1'etude du shock. Lavsl med., 1949, 14: 346-379; 443-476. A comprehensive revlev pre- cedes the report on experimental vork vith rats presented under the folloving headings: I. Fonctlon hepatique, fac- teur de resistance aux brulures. A. Hepatectomle partlelle et resistance aux brulures. B. Etat compare des hepatec- tcmlses et des temolns, apres 1'operation. C. Influence des brulures sur la regeneration et le taux de matleres seches du fole apres hepatectomle partlelle. II. Role du fole dans la resistance aux brulures. A. Hepatectomle partlelle et resistance aux brulures aux cours du jeune- B. La glycemle apres les brulures. C. L'azote ot-amine du sang total apres les brulures. D. L'acide ascorbique et le poids des surrenales apres les brulures. 558. Desmet, J. Nouvelles recherches sur 1'influence des regions brulees sur l'etat general de la grenoullle. Arch, inter- net, pharm. dyn., Par., 1949, Z9_: 357-361. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: pt. 2, 459. Frogs survive normally fatal burns of their hind-legs if these are prop- erly llgated (5O0-50O0g). 2 references. 559- Elman, R., Cox, W. M-, Jr., Lischer, C, and Mueller, A. J. Mortality in severe experimental burns as affected by environmental temperature. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. N Y }&l &' 8°"?8;* A^oted in: Biol. Abstr., Belt., ' 19*3, H: NO. 14144. "Environmental temperature has a decisive Influence on the 24-hr. mortality following a severe cutaneous burn. The lowest mortality (32*)oc- curred at 75°F and increased to 100* with eithir in in- crease or decrease of 20°F." «"..,.«■ an in Elman, R., and Lischer, C, see No. 509. -67- SYSTEMIC EFFECTS (Continued) Emme, A. M., see No. 192. 56°* BQmeSS?i^;£re8' J* 'l*'10** ^flexiones sobre el ■fif^i?"10 dS !*8 qnemaduras termlcas y derivacionea 56I. ^Jgen^O. A-, and Deuel, H. J., Jr. Oomparative effects -f«^T?bop}*•tl,l' lecithin, and saline on mortality of mice following experimental bum shock. Proc Soc Exp. £?1" IkZ",19*5' 5§l 8l"8!,- Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1945, 12» No.1979. "The purpose of this report is to present evidence for the existence of s principle in s commercial cattle brain extract (Thromboplastin, USP) which is effective in prolonging the survival time and in decreasing the mortality of mice which have been subjected to experimental burns." 11 references. 562. Fell, H. B., and Danielli, J. F. The enzymes of healing wounds. I. The distribution of alkaline phosphomo-^ noesterase in experimental wounds and bums in the rat. Si?* L ?*• £»&" }2&> !5: 196-|°?' Abstracted In: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1944, 18: No. 8040. 10 references. 563. Ficarra, B. J., and Naclerlo, E. A. The physiochemical disturbance in a severe burn. Surgery, 1944, 16: 529-541. "Complete chemical analysis" In one case "of aTeverely burned patient." 18 references. 564. Fine, J., and Sellgman, A. M. Traumatic shock. VII. A study of the problem of the "lost plasma" in hemorrhagic, tourniquet, end burn shock by the use of radioactive iodo-plasma protein. J. Clin. Invest., 1944, 25: 720- 730. "Plasma proteins tagged with radioactive"iodine vere used to study the capillary leakage hypothesis In hemor- rhagic, tourniquet, and burn shock. No evidence of leak- age due to a change in the permeability of the generalized capillary bed vas found. Tsgged plasma proteins escaped into areas of Injury in considerable amounts, but not into untraumatlzed areas." 10 references. Fox, C. L., Jr., and Baer, H., see No. 48. Fox, C. L-, Jr., and Keston, A. S., see No. 49. Fox, C. L., Jr., and Keston, A. S., see No. 50. 565. Frid, Z. S. Nablludeniia nad razvitiem rannego ozhogovogo shoka v eksperlmente. [Observations on the development of early burn shock.] Vest, khlr., 1948, 68: 56. On the basis of rabbit experiments, the conclusion Is reached that in the development of fundamental symptoms of burn shock the leading role belongs to the depression of the nervous function which develops similarly to the parabi- otic inhibition. Abstract of a paper presented at a meeting of the Khirurgicheskoe obshchestvo Pirogova, June 194f. -88- SYSTEMIC EFFECTS (Continued) 566. Fusco, R. Contribute sperimsntale soil'azione degli anti- stamlnici nelle ustioni. Gior. med. mil., 1950, 97_* 444- 451. In rabbits, local exemis and edema decrease, general symptoms are attenuated, and local repair is accelerated due to a favorable effect on the anatomobiologloal changes In situ. 20 references. 567 Gefter, Iu. M., and Miliushkevich, G. F. Biokhimicheskle ' sdvlgi pri tiazhelykh ozhogakh. [Biochemical changes In acute burns.] Khirurgia, Moskva, 1949, No. 4, 26-33. Detailed Investigation of protein, nitrogen, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism, acid-base equilibrium, oxidation- reduction, catalase index and vitamin C level has been based on observations in 175 patients. 568. Georges, A. Modification du choc ciroulatoire prloooe apres brulure par divers agents pharmacodynamiques. Arch, internet, pharm. dyn., Par., 1951, 87: 255-268. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1952, 13_» pt. 2, 260. Burn shock Is attributed to the resorption of a sub- stance formed in the skin due to the burn. The effect of various vasoconstrictors on burn shock In rabbits is described. 3 references. Gordenko, A. N., see No. 57. 569. Harkins, H. N. Recent research In the pathology of burns. Arch. Path., Chic, 1944, 38: 147-154. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1945,T2. No. 1232. "Burns do not produce a simple combination of local damage vith sec- ondary remote effects. Actually, severe thermal trauma throws the whole regulatory mechanism of the body out of gear." Discussion by Drs. C. R. Lam, H. P. Jenkins, and E. I. Evans. 46 references. 570. Harkins, H. N-, and Long, C. N. H. Metabolic changes In shock after burns. Am. J. Physiol., 1945, 144: b6l-668. Abstracted In: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1946, 20T"*o. 8033. 14 references. Hazan, S. J., and Treadvell, C. R., see No. 169. 571. Hechter, 0., Bergman, H. C, and Prinzmetal, M. Comparison of the therapeutic effectiveness of serum and sodium chloride In scald shock. Am. Heart J., 1945, 2Q: 484-492. In rats and mice "sodium chloride has therapeutic activity in burn shock, and the therapeutic agent appears to be the sodium ion. ... The therapeutic activity of serum appears to be due to its content of sodium." 13 references. Hechter, 0., Bergman, H. C, and Prinzmetal, M., see No. 383. Hellbrunn, L. V., Harris, D. L-, Le Fevre, P. G-, Wilson, W. L., and Woodward, A. A., see No. 194. Hoppe-Seyler, A., and Schummelfeder, N-, see No. 65. -89- SYSTEMIC EFFECTS (Continued) 572. Kellaway, C. H., and Rawlinson, W. A. Studies on tissue injury by heat. 1. The influence of anoxia. Austral. J. Exp. Biol., 1944, 22: 63-68. "During saline per- fusion of the IsolatecTlungs of the guinea-pig, tissue injury manifested by the liberation of histamine occurred within six hours at 430 c, but not at 4l© c. In eighteen experiments at 45° C., in nine of which the lungs were ventilated as uniformly as possible vith air, and In nine vith nitrogen, the latter group did not shov a signifi- cantly greater output of histamine during perfusion for six hours. More vigorous ventilation vith air, oxygen or nitrogen In six experiments gave larger percentage outputs of histamine during six hours perfusion at 45°, and even In these conditions the observed variations in Mstamine output vere clearly related to variation In the degree of ventilation." 3 references. Kozdoba, A. Z-, see No. 515. 573- Labrecque, R. Choc par brulures superflclelles etendues. Ann. med. chir. Hop. S. Justine, Montreal, 1942/45, 4: 131-140. Case report folloved by general physiological considerations: Gravlte des brfilures. - Mecanisme probable des brulures. - Theories en rapport avec les signes clln- lques et les constatatlons anatomo-pathologlques. 574. Langeron, P. A propos du syndrome humoral des brules. Ann. biol. clin., Par.. 1947, 5_: 417-421. Discussion of the changes in the "humoral equilibrium" vhich con- stitute "burn disease." 575- Lanzara, A. II metabolism© basale nelle ustioni gravl; ricerche sperlmentali. Arch. Ital. med. sper., 1940, 6: 753-766. *The A. studied the behaviour of the basal me- tabolism after serious burns vhich he got in guinea-pigs and rats plunging these animals In boiling water. It vas found that the basal metabolism in general begins to de- crease in the first hours and gets its absolute lowest values In the shock preceding the death." 29 references. 576. Lattanzio, R. Risultatl cllnlcl e sperlmentali sulla cura delle scottature. Arch. Ital. chir., 1946, 68: 421-434. The effect of bicarbonate of soda on 2nd-5rd~degree burns vas studied In 20 rabbits. As "In the burned pa- tients there Is alvays a state of acidity vith consider- able reduction of the alkaline reserve following the absorption of acid material from the burned area, bene- ficent influence of bicarbonate of soda is due to the alkalization of the acid substances and their absorption vith lmmission In circulation of alkaline ions..." 78 references. 577. Leclercq, J., Mervllle, and Marchand. Note sur les brulures fitendues. Ann. med. leg., 1950, 50: 94-95- A prelimi- nary note regarding shock. Presented at the 25e Congres de Meaeclne Legale, de Medecine Soclale et de Medecine du Travail, Bordeaux, May 1949- -90- SYSTEMIC EFFECTS (Continued) 578. Loos. Zur Histamlntheorie der Verbrennungen. Arch. Derm. Syph., Berl., 1940, 180: 50-52. Histsmine findings In toman blister serum,~bTood, liquor cerebrospinalis, and suppurating slough. 579. Lucldo, J. Metabolic and blood chemical changes in a 5fy severe bum. Ann. Surg., 1940, m: 640-644. "Meta- bolic and chemical data are presented in the case of a severe bum, which indicate, among other findings: First, a tremendous destruction of protein, as shown by the high urinary output of nitrogen; second, uremic manifes- tations without evidence of renal insufficiency; and third, a bile pigment disturbance, presumably hepato- genous or hemolytic in origin." 7 references. 580. Machado, P. Queimadura e choque traumatico; etiopatogenla e tratamento. Cearamed., 1940, 20: 25-41. Detailed discussion of physiopathology (p.~?5-39) followed by con- clusions regarding systemic therapy (p. 39-41). 58l.*Malm5jac, J., and Neverre, G. Hyperthermie cutanee et declenchement du collapsus vasculaire dans le coup de chaleur. C. rend. Soc biol., 1950, 144: 1039-1C41. Abstracted In: Bull. Anal. CNRS, I951TT2: pt. 2, 485- "Heating of the skin of the dog to 65O-7TJO, without burning, can cause vascular collapse (heat stroke) with- out any considerable raise of the central temperature." (Bull. Anal. CNRS). 582. Malmejac, J., and Neverre, 0. Sur la physio-pathologle du coup de chaleur. Algerle med., 1950, M« 195-197. Ab- stracted in: Chem. Abstr., 1951, 45: 723"2e. Dog experi- ments on vascular collapse due to hyperthermia. The "toxic theory" is advanced as explaining heat stroke. 583. Mendelssohn, K-, and Rossiter, R. J. Subcutaneous tempera- tures in moderate temperature burns. Q. J. Exp. Physiol., Lond., 1943/44, 32: 301-308. Abstracted in: Biol. Abstr., Bait., 1944, 18: no. 15673. "For a corresponding degree of narcosis, nembutal caused a lesser fall in the body temperature of guinea-pigs than ether. ... For tempera- tures of the burning iron ranging from 45° to 70° C., observations have been made of the final equilibrium sub- cutaneous temperature; similar observations have also been made on subcutaneous temperature reached after a 1-minute application of the iron." 8 references. 584. *Monsalngeon, A. L'alimentation des brules. Bull. Soc. sc hyg. ailment., Par., 1950, 58: I85-I87. Abstracted in: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1951, 12. pt. 2, 485. "Review of acci- dents due to malnutrition and lack of preventive measures.' (Bull. Anal. CNRS). Mukhln, I. A., see No. 54l. 585. Nicholson Taves, 0. 0 metabolismo gasoso nas quelmaduras graves. An. Hosp. centr. exerc, Rio, 1943, 8: 67-92. Investigation of the pathogenic mechanism of anoxia in burns. -91- The SYSTEMIC EFFECTS (Continued) 586' ^cal'shock"*' tT^II^^A1- Blood volume in cllnl- ductlon in. t5,;J5? 6Xtent and cau8e of blood volume re- duction in traumatic, hemorrhagic, and bum shock J Abmtr lQS?t" }8S' £S 172-lf3; Abstract in:*Bloi. nal inlnSli'^i?7' 3! No- 5694' "In bums and sbdoml- oSuJ!Jat^ if?.1*?1?^1*18' selective loss of plasmT occurs at the site of Injury. In burns th* in«. f. roughly proportional to inVarefo^ssue^aiSed ■ ensuing reduction In the plasma volume Is attended 'k, hemoconcentration." 45 references. attended by 587' P8S!!E£fjf *' **$ Murat' M- Action preventive des anti- cs Jend^B" ft •jntK!S "S l6S ^1^8 experimental. Chem^fn,?? \*£n'\l9*Z?J&-: i°82-1083. Abstracted in: wTl* !? £r'i 195°' Hi 696037 "rp 2786 and RP 3277 in- itnlLn^^00^}7^0 "*"• Previously exerted ^consider- able protective action against the ill effects of exptl. IjJ^egree skin burns In rats and guinea pigs." (Chem. 588- Pellerat, J., Murat, M., and Gate, j. Brulures experl- mfentales et antlhistamlniques de synthase. Bull. Soc. fr. derm, syph., 1949, 56: 375-576. Abstracted In: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: ptT 2, 1428. In rat experiments, strong protective effects vere obtained by the use of antihistamines, particularly phenergan. Abstract of a paper presented before the Soclfitfi de Dermatologie et de Syphillgraphle, Lyon, March 1949. 589. Perez, M. Ricerche sperimentall sulla patogenesl della sindrome generale da scottatura. Arch. ital. chir., 1945, 67_: 543-371. "In the first part of his studies the author proves by experimental contributions that preventive ener- vation of the burned area does not modify the general symptomatology of burning. Only the phenomena connected vith the Increased hemoconcentration have been provoked by reflex. In a second group of researches the author points out that the general symptomatology of burns may be caused by the continuous ommission in the circulation of toxins liberated from the burned area and these prod- ucts provoke direct lesions of organs and tissues, spe- cially of the emunctories and of the organs vith antitoxic function. Secondarily they can cause death." French, English and German summaries. 78 references. 590. Perez, M. Sul meccanlsmo d'lnsorgenza dl alcune alterazloni general! dopo scottature. Policlinico, 1946, 5_5_: 558. Abstract of a paper read at a meeting of the R. Accademla Medlca di Roma, March 1945. 591- Peters, R. A. The biochemical lesion in thermal burns. Brit. M. Bull., 1945, 5_: 81-88. Contents: The biochemi- cal approach. - What active products are liberated by burns? - Systemic effects of burns. - Changes in nitrogen metabolism. 65 references. 592. Petrov, I. P. Ob etiologli i patogeneze ozhogovogo shoka. [Etiology and pathogenesis of burn shock.] Khlrurgla, Moskva, 1950, 1: 107-112. The physiological changes fol- lowing burns in rabbits are investigated; the role of the antonomic nervous system and of "burn toxins" in the patho- genesis of shock is discussed. -92- SYSTEMIC EFFECTS (Continued) hemopoWsV Approximately 33 references. cq4 Postnikov, B. N., and Frenkel, G. L. Ozhogovyl shok 1 borbs s nim. [Bum shock and its prevention.] Khirurgla, Moskva, 1949 No. 4, 1-8. The role of nervous system disorders, deep'capillary injury and toxemia in burn shock is dis- cussed. The similarity of traumatic and burn shock is stressed. Pathogenic and functional (compensatory and decompensatory shock) classifications of bum shock In humans are presented. In 700 cases, 50 patients (7.o£) presented shock symptoms. 595. Prinzmetal, M., Bergman, H. C, and Hechter, 0. A demon- stration of two types of burn shock. Surgery, 1944, lb: 906-913. On the basis of rat experiments, the authors conclude "that there are at least two mechanisms capable of producing shock: one due to local fluid loss and the other due to some unknown factor(s). ... This difference in the mechanism of production of burn shock may explain some of the differences of opinion regarding therapeutic agents in burns." 9 references. 596. Prinzmetal, M., Hechter, 0«, Margoles, C, and Feigen, G. A principle from liver effective against shock due to burns. J. Am. M. Ass., 1943, 122: 720-723. "Our purpose in this preliminary report is to~present evidence for a principle from liver vhich has the activity of signifi- cantly decreasing the mortality of rats and mice subjected to severe burns and to describe briefly a method for pro- ducing standardized burn shock. Evidence is presented vhich demonstrates that this factor effective against burn shock, vhich is present In commercial liver extracts pre- pared to contain the antianemla principle, is separate and distinct from the antianemla activity." 13 refer- ences. 597- Prinzmetal, M., Hechter, 0., Margoles, C, and Felgen, G. A principle from liver effective against shock due to bums. J. Clin. Invest., 1944, 25: 795-806. "A new method for evaluating anti-burn shock activity is de- scribed, vhereln activity is measured by studying the response of groups of animals on repetitive testing. ... Statistically significant positive therapeutic effects may be obtained vith inert materials having no anti-shock activity vhen as many as 50 animals are used in both the treated and control groups.... A principle in certain liver extracts ... possesses the paver of decreasing the mortality and increasing the survival time of animals subjected to burn shock." 6 references. 598. Proyard, 0. Quelques observations de brulures. Rev. med. LLJge, 1949 4: 224-228. Abstracted In: Bull. Anal. CNRS, 1950, 11: pt. 2, I673. Report on three cases with stress on general symptoms ("burn disease"). -93- SYSTEMIC EFFECTS (Continued) 599- Pustnikov, B. N. Ozhogi i lkh obshchee deistvie na organism. [ Bums and their general effect on the organism. 1 Klin. med., Moskva, 1949, 27: 16-29. Clinico-pathologlcal re- port. Approximately""^ references. 600. Rosenthal, S. M. Experimental chemotherapy of burns and *.??*• IJ.Ii E£fects of systemic therapy on early mor- tality. Pub. Health Rep., Wash., 1943, 58: 513-522. Employing a standardized procedure for the production of burns fatal to mice vithin 48 hours, the effects of systemic therapy have been studied. No benefit vas ob- served from epinephrine, posterior pituitary extract, adrenal cortical extract, or desoxycorticosterone acetate injected subcutaneously following the burns. Sodium chloride by mouth or intraperitoneal ly caused a signifi- cant reduction in the mortality. Intravenous administra- tion vas less effective. Isotonic NaCl by mouth was superior to hypertonic solutions." 14 references. 601. [Rosenthal, S. M.l Salt water for shock. N. York State J. M., 1943» 45_: 1443. Report on Dr. Rosenthal's mice ex- periments . 602. Rossiter, R. J. Plasma loss In burns; a review of the literature, prepared on behalf of the Bums Sub-Committee, M. R. C. War Wounds Committee. Bull. War M., Lond., 1943, 4: 18I-I89. Contents Include: Evidence for fluid loss. - Evidence for protein loss. - Consequences of fluid and protein loss. - Other possible causes of burn shock. - The mechanism of local fluid loss. 132 references. 603. Safford, F. K., Jr., Lisa, J. R., and Allen, F. M. Local and systemic effects of heat and cold In rats. ' Arch. Surg., 1950, 61: 499-514. "The experiments illustrate the importance of modifying factors, such as moisture and circulation, but under standard conditions thermal effects are the product of temperature and time. Simi- lar destructiveness can result from changes In tempera- ture vhich are extreme and brief or slight and prolonged. ... Experiments with systemic or local thermal fluctu- ations show that only absolute temperatures are deter- mining, the mere extent or rapidity of change having no influence." 21 references. 604. SchSlmerlch, P. Zur pathologischen Physiologle der tfber- hltzung durch Strahlung. I. Mltteilung. Kreislauf und Atmung. Arch. exp. Path., Lpz., 1948, 205_: 441-455. Ex- periments with cats and pigs resulting In rectal tempera- tures of 44° and skin temperatures (measured subcutaneously) of 62°. First reaction is considerably accelerated respi- ration with subsequent collapse. The pathogenesis of col- lapse is described as an effect of the pathologically In- creased frequency of respiration and resulting "hypokapnla. 27 references. 605. Scholmerlch, P. Zur pathologischen Physiologle der tfber- hltzung. II. Mltteilung. Die Blldung krelslaufwlrk- samer, korpereigener Stoffe. Arch. exp. Path., Lpz., 1948, 205_: 456^469. Experiments with cats and hogs. 216043 O - 52 - 7 -94- SYSTEMIC EFFECTS (Continued) Changes in the effect of blood on the small intestine of the guinea pig before and after burns are ascribed not to histamine, but rather to adenosine compounds. 43 ref- erences . Sevitt, S., see No. 162. 606. Siler, V. E-, and Reid, M. R. Clinical and experimental studies vith the Koch method of treatment of heat bums. Ann. Surg., 1942, 115_: 1106-1117- "Our clinical and experimental studies suggest that primary pressure dress- ings may reduce the loss of plasma at the site of, and into the surrounding tissues of, burned areas. ... Hemo- concentration may be delayed and perhaps is less severe. The drop in plasma proteins vas definitely less in the dogs treated by pressure dressings than it vas in the controlled animals. ... The pathologic-physiologic changes resulting from burns is less severe and more readily controllable under this form of therapy than by other methods employed." 7 references. 607. Slmonart, M. A. Conceptions actuelles sur les brulures. Bull. Acad. med. Belglque, 1947, 12: 116-139. Contents: Les troubles sanguins. - Les trouETes circulatoires. - Le role de la methionine. - La toxemle des brules. - Les complications infectieuses et mealcamenteuses. 64 references. 608. Sturgis, S. H. Observations on altered protein metabolism after thermal Injury. Proc. Congr. Army Surgeons Centr. Mediter. Forces, 1945, 94-96. A study based on differ- entiation of four post-traumatic stages: "The phases of shock. From 2 to 10 days ... of delayed visceral damage. From the fourth day on ... of sep3is [and] from the tenth day on ... of malnutrition." 10 references. 609. Sturgis, S. H. Observations on physiology, metabolism, and treatment of a severe burn. Mil Surgeon, 1945, 97: 215- 224. See particularly p. 215-219, Physiologic effects of plasma protein loss. - Altered protein metabolism. - Sum- mary of altered physiology and metabolism. 37 references. TaNcrii4*. H" L" Levenson' S. M-, and Adams, M. A., see 610. Walker, J Jr., Saltonstall, H., Rhoads, J. E., and Lee, Jr'i T?xeinla syndrome after burns; biochemical and g^iS8?-0*observations and studies. Arch. Surg., 1946, 52. 177-106. Bum toxemia Is a widespread process in- !2c^fom8^ J£ n?\a11 of the ^gans and tissues! and no specific treatment is as yet known." 16 references. 611' Wii!°n'DH- Burn shockJ a consideration of its mechanism and management. Memphis M. J., 1942, 17: 3-5 Aconclse sS7' MeS^1 incHlude^ SlgS^ncfsympicms ot°*£n dence'of ES^m*.?* de,yelopment of burn shock. - Evi- B^tSxl^^^Sre^s?"1 C^eB *» bUm 8h°Ck' " Abbott-Bergh Abbott, W. E. -95- AUTHOR INDEX Abell, R. G. Adams, F. H. Adams, M. A. Albertson, H. A. Allen, F. M. Allen, J. W. Almeida Moura, J. C. de Airich, E. M. Altemeier, W. A. Amorati, A. Andersen, J. E. Angulo, A. W. Antos, R. J. Armstrong. K. B. Arzt Ashe, W. F., Jr. Attalla, S. Aub, J. C. Bacellar, R. C. Bader, R. A. Baer, H. Baker, J. W. Baker, N. H. Baker, R. D. Balkin, S. G. 1 2 3 4 5 452 *55 462 465 129 200 114 459 471 472 41 487 605 25 26 525 6 7 8 9 155 545 488 542 425 46 421 151 489 165 543 476 259 201 229 48 10 222 404 200 Ball, M. R. Baiter Baithazard Barac, G. Barcham, I. Bass, D. E. Basset, A. Batt, C. 0. T. Battle, C. E. Baxter, H. Beattle, J. Beck, J. S. P. Beck, W. V. Beecher, H. K. Behrmann, V. G Bekauri, N. V. Bell, J. H. Beloff, A. Belt, T. H. Bender, L. Bergh, G. S. Berglund-Clark -96- Berglund, E. Bergman, H. C, Berkkum, D. W. van Berman, J. K. Best, C. H. Best, R. R. Bettman, A. G. Bigger, I. A. BingoId, K. Binkley, 0. F. Blake ly, E. Block, M. A. Bltithgen, H. Bocage, A. Bonaccorsi, R . Bonnal, J. Borras, J. A. Bosse, M. D. Boyce, F. F. Braasch, J. W. Bragagnolo, G. Brallovskll, la. Z. Braithwaite, F. Bravo Asenjo, J. Breed, E. S. Brickley, W. J. Brooks, F. H. Brooks, J. W. Brovder, N. C, 200 91 157 158 159 187 383 544 545 546 547 548 571 595 441 549 467 494 188 47 19 380 82 495 264 496 88 156 132 497 20 406 205 206 442 443 21 346 22 550 446 482 155 154 158 166 177 473 Brown, A. Brown, C. E. Brown, F. L., Jr. Brown, T. C. Browne, J. S. L. Brues, A. M. Brush, B. E. Buettner, K. Buis, L. J. Buisseret, J. Bull, J. P. Buonomo la Rossa, B. Burgess, F. Butler, J. Butterfield, W. J. H. Cacclalanza, P. Cameron, G. R. Campbell, D. A. Cannon, B. Cantor, H. Carbonell Antoll, C, Carey, E. J. Carillon, R. J. Carrasco, C. Carter, B. N. Castle, W. B. Cerda, G., G. Chanutln, A. Chlsholm, T. Chlsholm, T. C. Clmlnata, A. Clark, A. M. Clark, E. J. 23 378 191 396 93 121 490 476 498 265 499 407 64 189 500 551 27 549 266 351 501 24 25 26 27 267 268 28 52 502 503 269 552 270 504 345 62 555 29 55 444 200 155 190 273 30 408 Clarkson-DesMarals -97- Clarkson, P. 271 Clerc, J. E. A. 272 Coe, J. D. 494 Cole, W. H. 54 Colebrook, L. 273 348 349 350 351 Coles, R. F. G. 25 26 Coiler, F. A. 83 Cornel, M. 31 Connor, 0. J. 505 Converse, J. M. 506 Cope, 0. 10 32 35 54 71 79 81 82 92 125 136 207 274 275 361 445 477 502 Cordier, D. 35 137 236 237 Correa Neto, A. 276 Correia Neto, A. 330 Co Tui 446 Courtice, F. C. 36 277 Cox, W. M., Jr. 559 Crane, G. L. 378 Crassweller, P. 0. 208 Croft, P. B. 447 448 Cronklte, E. P. 278 Cucinotta, U. 507 Cullumblne, H. 37 38 39 Danielll, J. f. 562 Danilov, A. A. 186 Daussy, M. 389 Davey, H. W. 73 Davidson, C. S. 77 354 460 461 470 471 472 473 479 480 481 Davies, J. N. P. 508 Davis, R. E. 238 Deaver, J. M. 278 DeBakey, M. E. 382 Deble, P. 554 Dekanskl, J. 555 556 Delancey, H. 69 Delaney, R. J. 396 Delarue, J. 209 210 Demldova, P. N. 40 Denman, F. R. 382 Department of Health for 478 Scotland Derobert 397 401 Dssaulniers, L. 415 DesMarals, A. 211 213 409 410 411 DesMarals-Franks DesMarals. A. Demassieux, M. Desmet, J. Dessaux, G. Deuel, H. J., Jr. Deuretsbacher, H. DeVries, P. J. Dexter, F. E. Dixey, J. R. B. Dragstedt, L. R. Drinker, C. K. D'Souza, T. Ducoux, F. Duff in, J. D. Dugal, L. P. Duncan, J. M. Durand, C. Dutra, F. R. Dworkin, R. M. Dziemian, A. J. Edlung, T. Eliot, J. W. Elliott, R. H. E., Jr. Elman, R. 412 Elman, R. 509 414 559 415 Elrod, P. D. 44 557 Ely, J. 0. 45 279 46 558 422 137 Emerson, K., Jr. 380 561 Emms, A. M. 192 352 Entln, M. A. 281 41 Equiagaray Pallares, J. 560 212 Erb, I. H. 282 266 Evans, E. I. 47 133 67 134 68 138 100 56 166 85 167 141 285 450 284 508 285 131 510 413 Evans, R. D. 520 211 Farmer, A. W. 208 213 282 409 286 410 Faryna, T. 555 411 Felgen, G. A. 561 412 596 414 597 415 Fell, H. E. 562 351 Ficarra, B. J. 565 384 Fine, J. 564 518 Finland, M. 554 598 479 421 480 42 481 379 Fischer, W. A. 246 45 Fleming, E. M. 62 201 Fltigel, F. 428 229 Foglla, V. G. 287 103 Foster, V. 288 72 Fourrier, P. 449 73 Fox, C. L., Jr. 48 191 49 280 50 427 Franks, W. R. 208 Preldenberg-Hechter -99- Freldenberg, j. Frenkel, G. L. Frid, Z. S. Friesen, S. R. Fromoel, E. Fusco, R. Gabriel, L. T., Jr. Gascoin Gate, J. Gauthler, A. Gefter, Iu. M. Georges, A. Gibson, T. Gilbert, H. H. Gillman, J. Glllman, T. Giraldi, E. Giuliani, G. Gjessing, E. C. Glenn, W. V. Glenn, W. W. L. Glover, D. M. Goncalves Bogado, L. Goodpastor, W. E. Green, H. D. Gordenko, A. N. Gordon, J. Gordon, R. A. Gordon, S. D. Graham, J. B. Greaves, D. P. Green, H. N. 355 594 565 239 240 24l 51 566 28 52 397 588 168 567 55 568 275 141 416 416 54 599 55 289 56 87 141 450 511 512 290 '223 381 395 421 57 142 356 58 59 291 59 291 33 207 224 110 Green, R. w. Gregersen, M. Greuer, W. Gribble, N. de G. Griffin, G. E. Gromakovskaia, M. Gross, p. Hagan, M. L. Haines, K. E. Hall, R. A. Ham, A. W. Ham, T. H. Hansen, G. A. Hardenbergh, E. Hardy, J. d. Harkins, H. N. Harris, D. L. Hartman, F. W. Harvey, S. C. Hasche-Klunder Haushalter, E. Haynes, B. W., Jr. Bazan, S. J. Hechter, 0. Hechter-Keyser Hechter, 0. 544 548 571 595 596 597 Hedin, R. F. 431 432 Heggle, R. M. 356 Heilbrunn, L. V. 194 Helm, F. 63 Heller, C. G. 452 453 Henrlques, F. C, Jr. 170 171 172 317 318 484 522 523 Herrmann, W. 357 Herron, J. W. 517 Hlrshfeld, J. W. 1 2 3 4 5 452 *53 462 519 463 Hoet, J. p. 64 Hoffman, J. M. 173 Hoge, W. G. 358 Hogg, L. 183 328 513 Hoover, M. J. 510 Hoppe-Seyler, A. 65 Home, E. A. 356 Houot, A. 217 514 384 430 Howes, E. L. Ruber, J. Hughes, L. 100- Hukuda, T. 244 Humblet, M. 1*3 Hurpe, A. 78 Imal, S. 365 Ingebretsen, M. 81 Ingle, D. J. 218 lob, V. 85 Iowa State University 299 College of Medicine Ivy, A. C. 238 531 Jackson, D. M. 359 Jadoul, P. 66 Jadoul, V. 66 James, G. W., Ill 67 68 510 Jayesuria, L. W. 245 Jessen, K. E. 423 Johnson, J. R. 300 Johnston, C. G. 456 Jovcifi, D. 301 Rabat, H. 144 431 432 KJMJhanova, E. V. 40 Kadama, I. 3. 508 Kallsh, S. 52 Kamada, T. 219 Kamen, G. F. 145 Kaplan, L. E. 60 Kasaka, K. 4i7 Kashkin, p. w. 360 Kashklna, E. G. 360 Kaufman, D. 87 Kay, J. H. 69 Kayashlma, K. 316 Kellaway, C. H. 572 Kellner, h. 352 70 Kendall, r. e. Kepinov, L. I. 220 Keston, A. S. 49 50 Keyser, J. W. 454 455 Kiebn-Lozano ■101- Klehn, C. L. 512 Le Fevre, P. c Kings ley, H. D. 179 Lehman, E. P. Klrschbaum, S. M. 221 Knlsely, M. H. 133 134 Lelter, S. S. 138 Lennard-Jones, Koch, V. W. 246 Leonard, J. c. Kozdoba, A. Z. 515 Levenson, S. I Kroll, H. 390 Levenson, S. I Kratic, K. 301 Kruger, H. E. 91 158 159 187 Krulf, H. de 222 Kulzenga, M. H. 218 Kumer, L. 302 Labra Edwardson-Meeks, G. 195 Labrecque, R. 573 Lacrolx, G. 400 Lafontaine, A. 196 322 554 Lagrot, F. 272 Lam, C. R. 498 516 Langeron, P. 574 Langohr, J. L. 71 80 81 92 Levine, M. 361 Lidvell, 0. M. Lanzara, A. 575 Light, R. A. Large, A. 456 Lisa, J. R. Largen, T. L. 166 Ll3cher, C. Lassner, J. 457 Lathe, 0. H. 458 Lattanzio, R. 576 Laugier, H. 168 Lister, A. Laumonler, R. 210 Loeffler, R. ] Laurence, G. 305 Lowen, C. H. Leach, E. H. 174 Long, C. N. H Leclercq, J. 577 Loos Lee, W. E. 123 420 Lowbury, E. J. 610 Lozano, D. V. Lozner-Moore -102- Lozner, E. L. Lucido, J. Ludewig, S. Lund, C. C. McCarrell, J. D. McCarthy, M. D. McCleery, R. S. McClure, R. D. MacDonald, A. H. McDonald, F. MacDonald, H. Machado, P. Mclndoe, A. H. McLean, R. McMurtrey, G. B. Macomber, W. B. Mala, M. Mallory, T. B. MalmSjac, J. Marchand Margoles, C. Marsden, A. T. H. Marsden, J. A. Martineau, H. Martineau, P. C. Marty, D. Marques Tinoco, E. Maslennikova, G. M. 529 579 29 444 177 225 505 506 507 508 581 459 460 461 473 17 74 75 178 465 464 44 76 418 77 39 472 580 424 484 494 518 309 350 4tt2 581 582 577 596 597 245 248 131 385 83 310 40 Massachusetts General Hospital 311 Massopust, L. C. 552 Matthevs, J. L. 512 Maun, M. E. 519 Mazzini, 0. F. 564 Medina Aguilar, R. 515 Meissner, W. A. 491 Meloy, W. C. 514 Mendelssohn, K. 585 Mervllle 577 Mesqulta Sampalo, J. A. de 515 Meyer, F. L. l 2 5 4 5 452 462 465 Meyer, 0. 146 Michel, A. J. D. 10 Miliushkevich, G. F. 567 Miln, D. C. 249 Mints, B. M. 560 Mlxter, G., Jr. 207 Mlyata, S. 516 Miyazaki, G. 586 Molssejeff, E. A. 186 Monsalngeon, A. 78 147 148 209 210 587 588 589 584 Montbarbon 537 Moore, F. D. 35 5^ 79 80 81 82 156 149 520 Moore-Perdrup -105- Moore, F. T. 22 Nizet, A. Morales, M. F. 529 Noble, R. P. More, R. H. 262 Nys, p. Morgan, E. M. 282 Oastler, E. G. Moritz, A. R. 172 Obi, R. 517 Ojettl, F. 518 Ollvelra, H. L. 485 Olson, W. H. 484 521 522 525 Morrison, B. 519 Morton, J. H. 179 Mosquera, V. T. 254 Orchard, S. A. Mostkovyl, M. I. 180 Oriente, L. Moyer, C. A. 83 Owen, C. R. Mucci, E. 542 Mueller, A. J. 559 Owens, N. Mukhln, I. A. 541 Ozanics, V. Mulholland, J. H. 446 Page, I. H. Munavar All 520 Murakami, T. 524 ParanaguA, C. Murat, M. 587 588 Parker, J. M. Muus, J. 84 85 Parkins, W. M. 450 Parrot, J. L. Mynhardt, M. R. 250 Parsons, R., Jr Naclerlo, E. A. 565 Patey, D. H. Nagaslma, Y. 244 Namekava, H. 565 Paulino, A. Natbanson, I. T. 445 Payne, J. T. Necheles, H. 152 155 251 Peacock, W. C. 521 Pearse, H. E. 590 591 592 Neelova, N. S. 560 Netsky, M. G. 150 Pedlnlelll, L. ] Neverre, G. 581 582 Peer, H. Pellerat, J. Nevson, A. L. 151 Nicholson Taves, 0. 585 Pelletier Nicola, C. de 550 NIedelman, M. L. 525 Perdrup, A. Perdrup-Roberts Perdrup, A. Perfis, G. Perez, M. Perlmann, G. E. Perthain, E. Peters, R. A. -104- Petersen, R. E. Peterson, D. K. Peterson, L. Peterson, L. W. Petrov, I. P. Phillips, R. B. Picard, J. Picclninl, P. PiddelLSvre Plera, A. Plery, Y. Pilling, M. A. Piquet, J. Piranl, F. Pittman, H. S. Ponka, J. L. Ponsold, A. Postnikov, B. N. Prescott, E. 366 Prinzmetal, M. 91 423 35 236 434 589 590 87 496 174 157 158 159 187 585 544 545 546 547 214 548 441 571 447 595 448 596 451 597 458 492 493 591 212 56 Prosinger, F. 255 Provenzale, L. 198 Proyard, G. 598 Ptltz, T. Puppendahl, M. 557 516 549 5* 592 Purnell, 0. J. Pustnlkov, B. N. 67 68 599 278 Radlgan, L. R. 394 593 Rae, S. L. 419 88 Rajasingham, A. 3. 329 156 Ramsey, T. L. 254 401 Rankin, L. M. 255 401 Ranque, J. 528 527 Rawlinson, W. A. 572 237 Reid, M. R. 606 2 Rhoads, J. E. 420 k 610 452 453 Rhinelander, F. W. 92 477 519 51 Rhode, C. M. Richards, A. J. 529 452 89 Rlnfret, M. 415 476 485 498 90 184 Rltvo, M. Riveros, M. Roback, R. A. 481 330 530 531 Robb-Smlth, A. H. T. 506 593 594 2R1 Robert, P. Roberts, L. B. 127 165 Robinett-Stein -105- Roblnett, P. 166 Robinson, S. 394 Robinson, W. L. 396 Rocha Azevedo, L. G. da 225 331 Root, H. F. 226 Rose, B. 93 Rosenfeld, D. D. 548 Rosenfeld, L. 71 Rosenqvlst, H. 332 Rosenthal, 0. 464 465 Rosenthal, S. M. 94 600 601 Rosin, la. A. 95 Ross, M. S. 249 Rossiter, R. J. 30 96 174 408 585 602 Rossoni, V. 97 Rotelll, L. 21 Roth, N. 435 Rourke, G. M. 445 Ruete, A. 63 Rumiantsev, A. V. 227 Rutland, J. p. 25 26 Sabatlnl, C. 98 Sacher, H. 99 Safford, F. K., Jr. 487 603 Sahyun, M. 466 Saltonstall, H. 420 610 Saltzman, A. H. 230 Salzberg, A. M. 100 Sampson, B. F. 402 Santas, A. A. 333 Sarklsov, M. A. 160 Saupe, H. 334 Scarff, R. v. 181 526 Schachter, M. 436 437 438 76 Schaffarzlck, W. R. Schatzkl, R. 485 486 Schavelzon, J. 532 Schelling, V. 18 Schenker, v. 490 Schneider, R. c. 519 604 Scholmerlch, P. SchBttler, W. H. A. 605 161 Schummelfeder, N. 65 101 102 Schwlegk, H. 161 Scotland, Department of Health 355 Scovllle, A. de 556 Scudder, J. 105 Sellgman, A. M. 564 Sellers, E. A. 228 254 255 467 468 Sen, P. K. Serafino, X. 567 104 Sevitt, S. 105 162 Shen, S. C. 165 62 106 Shenkln, H. 439 Siedek, H. 164 Siler, V. E. 606 Silva, C. da Silva, M. S. Silvestri, U. 357 533 107 Slmonart, M. A. 607 Simpson, M. M. 39 Smelser, G. K. 534 Smith, H. C. 368 Squire, J. R. 189 Stein, H. J. 201 229 Stephenson-Williams -106- Stephenson, K. L. Stephenson, M. L. Stevenson, J.'A. F. St8r Stolfi, G. Stcner, H. B. StUttgen, G. Sturgis, S. H. Tabor, H. Tagnon, H. J. Talbot, N. B. Tanaraura, H. Tanret, P. Taylor, F. H. L. Te.jerlna Fotheringham, W. Telkkfi, A. Tenery, R. M. Tesar, J. Tessier, P. Thomas, V. Tiso, M. Titze, A. Todd, J. P. Tompsett, S. L. Topley, E. Touraine, A. Trabue, J. C. 108 125 490 358 109 110 111 608 609 94 77 223 381 395 230 112 388 389 77 113 114 223 306 381 395 459 460 461 469 470 471 472 475 559 128 115 405 199 517 535 340 273 231 359 536 518 Treadwell, C. R. Trenwith, V. Troisi, F. M. Trumper, M. Tsuzuki, M. Vachon, R. Vandenbroucke, J. Van der Hal, I. Van Duyn, J., II Van Hoek, D. E. Varshavskli, A. B. Vaughan, H. H. Verdan, C. Vicentlnl, F. Vittorio, R. de Waal, H. L. Wakelln, R. W. Wakerlin, G. E. Walker, J., Jr. Walker, J. M. Wallace,tA. B. Wangensteen, 0. H. Wardlaw, H. S. H. Ware, G- W. Warner, L. Warren, S. Weil, P. G. Weisiger, J. R. Weiss, D. Wenger, R. Whitelaw, M. J. Wight, A. Wilkinson, A. W. Williams, H. H. I69 27 542 116 *95 537 64 232 117 28 52 369 85 256 257 258 558 118 570 451 205 206 420 459 474 475 559 610 119 541 240 241 120 342 133 134 158 185 121 318 122 164 233 10 419 2 Wllllams-You Williams, H. H. Willot, W. Wilson, H. Wilson, W. L. Wing, R. Wlxom, R. L. Wolfe, J. K. Wolff, W. A. Wood, G. 0. Woodward, A. A. Wright, A. M. -107- 452 453 554 445 611 194 432 230 230 125 124 194 446 Wyns, G. Zamecnlk, P. C. Zehetner, H. Zelt, W. Zlnck, K. H. Zlpf, H. F. You, R. W. You, 3. S. 540 125 164 552 545 544 571 228 255 228 234 235 ir U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 0—1952