i NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE Bethesda, Maryland / '/i {' /. — - y.. S // i'/t // ../n/< x^^-t^ve- // L*:wi'-V (^-^c) ft >hJ // 7 ■ :, /t 'S'l-H /■' <'/ /?_ * X A- ''I / ' LPt* O : W c— j-„ , / ■i>, t * • », V f ' ^ '.. £' 1 A COMPEND1 U M [ Iractical and experimental 0 F J FARRIERY, :F ORIGINALLY SUGGESTED BY REASON AND CONFIRMED BY PRACTICE) " EOJJALLY ADAPTED FOR THE CONVENIENCE OF • THE GENTLEM AN, THE FARMER, THE GROOM, AND THE SMITH. INTERSPERSES WITH SUCH REMARKS, AND ELUCIDATED WITH SUCH CASES, AS EVIDENTLY TEND TO INSURE THE PREVENTION, AS WELL AS TO ASCERTAIN THE cu'r'e of disease. f 0 BY WILLIAM TAPLIN, SURGEON. PHILADELPHIA: l\ PRINTED FOR ROBERT CAMBELL. &? CO, 179* >^ t' c 9 r- jM^M^jt^j#^J&^^&^J*v^^>» APOLOGY INTRODUCTORY. J[ O account in fome degree for the various publications upon fd popular a fubject, it becomes indifpenfibly necef- fary to take into the fcale of confidera- tion, the diftincl motives actuating the different parties by whom thole ap- peals are fo frequently made to the pe- cuniary fenfations of a liberal arid in- dulgent public. Experience has fuffi- ciently fhewn, that from the magni- tude, as well as the universality of the fubje6t, works of refpeclability and genius will always be received with avidity and (lamped with fuccefs; as well from thofe whofe refearefyes are fcientific, as from that clafs whofe'dil- coveries and improvements arife from APOLOGY INTRODUCTORY. the experimental pages that fo incef- fantly prefent themfelves in the im- mense volume of practical invefti- gation. Thefe are reflections that might not perhaps have been obtruded upon the readers of this tract, had they not upon every principle Qf justice, become un- avoidably neceflary,to fhield the public from any and every fpecies of impofiti- on; but more particularly where their judgment has been aflailed and their pockets attacked by thofe unprincipled adventurers, who have with the mod abandoned effrontery rendered my name the oftenfible inurnment of de- ception, in the publication of a pam- phlet (upon the illiteracy or obfolete prefcriptions of which it is not my pro- vince to decide) intitled " Taplin Im- proved," but with a degree of impu- dence hardly to be parelleled in the APOLOGY INTRODUCTORY, v long lift of literary depredations, have boldly and villainoufly annexed a la- bel of " Taplin's Farriery" to the back of each, as one proof of the liberty ' of the prefs, that they fo confcientioufly feem to defpife, r" To detect villainy and topunijh it, is the duty of every individual in civilized fociety, but in the prefent inftance per- haps the remedy might prove worfe than the difeafe; the depredators are therefore permitted to enjoy their plunder with impunity. As fome fe- curity however to the public, againft fuch an incredible and infamoujly falfe mode of attracting attention, it is be- come an act of grateful respect to hold forth the moit unequivocal afliir- ance, that I am as little known to the publishers of that paltry production, as the work is entitled to the name they have fo fraudulently affumed. A 2 ■i APOLOGY INTRODUCTORY. Reflecting the publication of, and unfullied approbation bellowed upon my former volumes,'Tome few remarks become abfolutely neceflary for the in-i troduction of this; no one of which can perhaps prove more happily appli- cable than " Truftra labor at, qui omnibus placere Jludet," So confpicuoufly depicted in the front of my Operative Farriery, that it feems to fay (with very little claflical variation) " Vain his attempt whoflrives to pleafe ye all" * A motto by no means ill adapted to the public conduct of any individual in the kingdom ; particularlv to thofe whofe profefBonal efforts become dependent upon the capricious multitude for the: honourable ftamp of approbation. APOLOGY INTRODUCTORY, vii Under the influence of this reason- ing it may be conceive], there are fome, to whom thofe volumes may not have conveyed all that might have been in- troduced upon each fubject individual^ ly ; whilft on the contrary, others may have been inftigated to believe, matters of little moment have been treated with too much prolixity : both promulgating their oppofite opinions as influenced by by caprice or dijappointment. It may alfo have been urged, with at leaft the appearance of plaufibility9 that the voluminous expanfion and con- fequent expenfe of the former work, had rendered it inacceffible to perfons whofe poffefllons were below the line of mediocrity ; whereby its intentional utility has been contracted, and its cir- culation confined to perfons of a cer- tain defcription only. iii APOLOGY INTRODUCTORY To wipe away all thefe objections by reducing the various improvements and ufeful difcoveries of fix years fuccefs- ful practice (fmce the publication of " The Stable Directory,") to fuch a fcale of moderation as may come with- in the reach of every perfon interefted in its contents, is the defign of the prefent undertaking; to introduce a fyftem founded upon the bafis of rea- fon, juftified by experience, and con- firmed by the plaudits of judicious ob- fervers, to the utter exclufion of error and inhumanity, has hitherto been, and will continue the anxious endeavour of the Public's Moft grateful and obedient Servt, THE AUTHOR. Equeflrian Receptacle tmd Operative Farriery^ Edgeware Read, London, 'December i, i7£5> A COMPENDIUM O V PRACTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FARRIERY. PREFATORY REMARKS, X* ROM whatever caufe, whether the in^ attention and want of liberality in the Great, a deficiency in the profefiional emu- lation of one clafs, or the general illiteracy of an anether, it is by no means neceffary to decide:—But univerfally admitted it muft be, that the origin, difcovery, and difcrimination of disease in the horse, has by no means kept pace with the im- provements in every art and science for which the ifland we inhabit is become fo eminently diftinguifhed. For this na- 2 PREFATORY REMARKS. tional defect, in which fuch a general apa- thy and ignorance feems to have prevailed, one good reafon, founded in juftice, can only be afiigned—the very trifling and in- adequate excitement hitherto held out, in pecuniary compenfation, for whatever fer- vices may have been rendered in both the prefcriptive and operative branches of the practice-;—a predominant confideration, why, (with- very few, and thofe recent exceptions) none but the lowell orders of j fociety, have been induced to embark in \ an undertaking of fo much dangerons la- bour, with fo mallow a portion of either I credit or emolument. In fael: it is ge- nerally known, and muft be as candidly admitted, that there is no trade or vocation that has held much lefs weight in the fcale of fociety, than thofe called farriers and- smiths ; or whofe accuftomed receipts of money have been fo ill proportioned to the fatigue and danger to which they are eter- nally expofed—and this is a felf evident truth, that muft bring itfelf home to the reader of reflection in every part of the. kingdom. PREFATORY REMARKS. 31 If we advert to collateral aid for addir\$ tional reafoning, it will prove ftrong inW the recollection of every equeftrian ob-^ ferver, that the shoeing of horses, and the more dangerous offices of operative farriery, have feldom or ever been un- dertaken, or practifed, but by that order of men, who have never been bleffed with the advantages of education; by the help [of which they might acquire a com- petent knowledge of the property of Me- dicine, the Animal CEconomy, or the Anatomical Structure of the fubject before us. The reafon of this to every rational inveftigator, is too evidently clear to require a moment's elucidation; re- fined fenfations and a folicitation of danger fo little correipond, that one prudently points out the abfolute policy, not to fay neceffity, of avoiding the other. Under the influence of this conn- deration it is not only fair to concludej but the trial of centuries upon centuries hm convinced us, that none but thofe • f PREFATORY REMARKS, • -Iwithout property, (as well as the means ■of poffefling it,) and without the exhi- .Blirating polifh of mental improvement, mhave ever yet fubmitted to the mod dan- ■fcgerous of all manual employments. So I ftrictly conformable to truth is this repre- I fentation, that not one in twenty, in either t town or country, has ever left behind him a fingle Fifty Pounds, as confolation or fup- i port to his family. Exclufive of thefe in- cbnveniencies, fo difcouraging have been p the proijpects to a young man of ftrong in- tellects and powerful reflection, that he' may have declined the idea of embarking * in the bufinefs, confcious that his affbcia- tion muft have been inftantly deftined to the loweft claries of fociety j and that when he had ftrenuoufly endeavoured to refcue the art from its original ignorance and bar- '. barity, he might then be rewarded with | the contemptuous appellation of " a Horfe m Do8or," from which he could have no I means of extrication. ■ Taking thefe remarks as the ground- PREFATORY REMARK'S. 5 work of reafoning, to fupport the opinion, why the Art and Pratlice 6f Farriery has remained fo long without cultivation and {. improvement, it becomes directly in point to proceed a little farther in the fame ftrain, to corroborate the original fuggeftion. In fo doing we naturally proceed to confider the ftate and condition of thofe who volun- . tarily place their children to fo dangerous and fo unprofitable an employment. It cannot bedifputed that the poor feel equal | parental attachment with the rich, and |, would probably venture as far, or farther, It to prevent their offspring from embarking ■ in a fervice of danger. In the paupers '; adoption of Trade or Calling, there is frequent- \ ly no one alternative. 1 " Necejfitas non habet legem^' Is the pre fling fact; the vulgar, but no lefs i cxprefiive adage, that " half a loaf is bet- I than no bread," and "a bad trade is bet- I ter than none," are fo truly in point, that the choice has been, beyond a doubt, ,6 PREFATORY REMARKS. made upon ccmpulfion; and few have ever become Knights of the Anvil, but from the eaves of a Cottage or the walls of a Wcrk-houle. A variety of inflances might ■ be ad- duced to produce conviction, that the more the mind becomes expanded by the rays of refinement, the lefs it. is defpofed to encounter the fublervicnce of drudgery, and the mortifying fenfations of partial indik- #~ ference or popular contempt; from which reflection it may be fairly inferred, -that very few, if any, who becomes proficients in die -ftudy of Phyfic, Anatomy, and peculiar property of the different Medi- cines, will condefcend ta blend fuch know- "■• ledge with the op err. live pr.vt, but conflder .. it fuperior to the ^dighiij of the leathern *'• £ apron, the Vidcanicn Jledge, the act of .S'-Meixgy and the lon^ lift of inferior o.T:ces -v.hi'c:i u.in: alv.ays continue tbat\clajs in a i -f.rite of i'jrboruir.anon. jLca.ing ^.ercfirev.irh the eye of retro- %. PREFATORY REMARKS. 7 fpeflion, to the great combination of ob- ftacles the profeflicn h.'.s unluchily had to encounter, no furprize can enfue that ltfc has made fo little progrefs to perfection. Although this circumftance is moft feri- onfly to be regretted, yet little expectation of reformation can be indulged, till thofe heterogeneous contrafls become reconciled, or the practical duties refpectively per- formed by the prefripjlve powers of the Equestrian Physician on cne part, an i an implicit obedience is exacted from the Operative Farrier on.the other. Thus much having been neceflarily in- troduced upon the unfortunate inability of thofe whofe confidence has' been equal to their want of fkill and difcretion, and' to whofe fuperintendance miferable objects are fo unavoidably fubrnitted in the dif-t treffing moments of emergency j admiration can be but little excited, when reflecting upon the fcene of deftruction that fo fre- quently enfues, and of which various in- 8 DISEASE. fiances will be necefifarily introduced in the courfeof the work. Having taken a fuperficial furvey of tke characteriftic traits that fo eminently dif- tino-uifhthe Professors of Farriery in general, (but more particularly thofe en- gaged in the drudgery of country Practice) it in fad reflects no difcredit on the parties themfelves that they are fo little adequate to the talk of difquifltion, or enabled to develope the origin and progress of DISEASE, With that nice and diftinguiflied eye of difcrimination, from which only the plea- fing profpect of early relief and permanent cure can be derived. For want of this peculiar property, they have been too much accuftomed to meet the fubject with the eye of anticipation, and deciding without the ftrict and deli- berate examination fo truly neceflary to ,. DISEASE 9 the ex'clufion of hypothefis and attainment of truth, they frequently hazard a pro- r feflional prediction of ambiguity; moft. contemptibly promifing the intcpofition of Miracles, which are not within the extent of their medical knowledge, or ancient arcana to perform. Thus in- jtidicioufly deciding in hafte and pro- ceeding in error, they conftantly doom tp diflblution a variety of fubjects, that with very fimple treatment, and a clofe adhefion to the efforts of nature, mij;ht have probably experienced not only a fpee- dy mitigation of predominant fymptoms, but: a gradational extrication from difeafe, pain, and difquietude. Under fuch circumftances of profefllona* * inability, (in fact, under a total want, of thofe leading acquifitions to a fuperiority of judgment,) there can be no doubt but too m:uh is introduced upon many occa- fions, and a vat deal of medicine errone- oufly administered, to the evident deftruc- tion of many valuable iubjectb; a recent- B2 to DISEASE. and Jinking inftance of which will be applicably introduced, to corrobate the idea, in oppofition to thofe profeflionally interefted, who may be inclined to indulge a doubt upon t,he fubject. To point cut, without the difpofitibn to reform, the deficiencies-—errors—or indif- cretions of predeceflbrs, or competitors, may perhaps have been a practice too much inufe; Whether arifing from the different paflions with which our frames are fo pow- erfully and plentifully impregnated, it is not the employment of the preftnt moment to .enquire. Suffice it therefore to obferve, the more humane and difpalTionate defign of the following pages fhall be to hold out, ifpofiible, a remedy for the defect; by 3| reducing to the comprehenfion of every intelligent reader, the means of acquiring, from predominant symptoms, the difcri- K mination of disease, in accurately afcer- K taining which, he can alone pofTefs the j, power and hope of adminiftering relief t SYMPTOMS O F disquietude, pain, or disease, Are fo different in their difplay, in pro- portion to the irritability of the fubjcct, the acutenefs of the attack, or the grada- tional progrefs of the difeafe, that they may, without the leaft deviation from the line of fyftematic inveftigation, be divided into two kinds;—distinct, when any one fymptom becomes the abfolute diftinguifh- ing prognoftic of a particular difeafe;—and complex, where a variety of fymptoms fo uniformly correfpond as to prove a complication of cafes; as in fome inftances where one difeafe becomes for the time, dependent upon another. This is frequently the cafe with the Strangury, or Supprejfion of Urine, when the original caufe centers in a retention of indurated excrementitious mafs, previoufly locked up in the inteftinal canal, there producing, (by a preternatural diftention) execflive pain and fubfequent H SYMPTOMS. iriflamation, of which we fliall have .ocr^ cafion to fpeak hereafter. In cafes of this defcription, appearances become fo truly complex, and fo critically alarming, that they require a certain degree of nice dif- crimination and patient attention to avoid even the chance of falling. into any of the ProfeiTional Errors already defcribed. Symptoms of prefent pain, or approach- ing difeafe, are included in the following variety, and denote in their predominance fuch difeafes as will in our prcgrefiive re- \ marks become the fubjects of future obfer- J vation. A Drowfy Reftlefsnefs and Difquietude in the Stable. A Languor and Difficulty of Refpiration in Action. A Fullnefs of the Eye-Lids, and Diftilh- tion of Serum from the Eyes. A fhort irregular Cough, and Swelling of the Glands, I__________ J4 t » '4 SYMPTOMS. 13 A Refufal of Food.' A Clamminefs in, and Flefliy Smell from the Mouth; with or without a violent Heat under the Tongue. A Coldnefs of the Ears and Extremities. A Defective Languor in, or an excefftve Quicknefs of the Pulse. A Heaving of the Flank. A Palpitation of the Heart. A Difcolouration of the Internal Part* furrounding the Orb of the Eye, A fwelling of the Shea,th or legs. A Straining to either evacuation without Effect. And the more palpable External Symp- 'x toms, and extravagant Diftortions fo uni- •vcrfally known in the Staggers, and thofe acute and dangerous Diforders the Inflam- matory and Flatulent Cholic, pafiing under the general denomination of the k4 >j| 14 STATE OF BLOOD. Gripes, or the Fret, without judrcioufly diftinguifhing between the Caufe of one, and the Dangerous Effect of the other. To cautioufly examine, accurately as- certain, and properly apply any part of thefe Symptoms to the original caufe that ,produced the effect, is the duty of the Ve- terinarian Inveftigator; upon the indif putable certainty of which only, can be founded any rational hope and expectation of fpeedy.extrication. When we ferioufly reflect upoji the ad-' vantages refulting in difcovery from thefe indications of Nature' labouring under de- prefllon, by which alone the leading traits of each particular difeafe is to be derived, it affords no fmall degree of gratification to the fcientific enquirer, that much additi- onal information may be collected from The STATE of the BLOOD. A proportion of which may at all times STATE OF BLOOD. 15 be extracted from the neck vein, in quantity adapted to the fi2C, ftate and general appearance of the fubject difcafed; as, a Pint—two Pints—-three Pints—or even two Quarts from large and ftrong horfes, as well as from - thofe labouring:. under inflammatory diforders, where the fullnefs of the veftels, or the emergency of *' ■ ■ .: * afe- STATE OF BLOOD/ and to infure the accuracy of profefrional;' ' reprefentation beyond even the fhadow of doubt, let us take a tranfient view ofthc- caufes that may arife; to pervert ■ the ftate of the Blood ftpm the purity we have a ihort time fince, had occafion to introduce. Whether from a long expofure to bleak • winds and chilling ^ rains ; -ftanding inaft'ive- in a cold, .wet, and dreary fituarion; fud- den removal from a. warm and comfortable ftable,- to its direct contraft; or any of that long lift of poflibilities from which •' , fuch revulfion may- occur, the'effect upon/ the general fyftem is ftill the fame; with* { fuch variations only as oTpend entirely upon. . the conftitutional Stamina, (or irritability)•»• ' of the fubject .attacked. From whatever caufe a collapfion of the cutaneous paflages may enfue, a tranfpira- y tion of the prefpirative matter is prevented,, , which being compulfively returned upon L the Animal CEconomy, fooner or later \ » excites ihe fymptoms of Morbidity.—the* ^ veffels become -overloaded, and preternatu- - OESTUCTED PERSPIRATION, cj rally diftended—the circulation is obftruct* ed—the blood requires an inflammatory vifcidity, difplaying itfelf in fome one or more of the following predominant traits, which arc in a certain- degree gradationally dependent upon each other, frequently con- figuring a complication when neglected in the firft inftance, or erroncoufly treated in the fecond. PERCEPTIBLE EFFECTS FROM OB- STUCTED PERSPIRATION. A ftaring roughnefs of the coat, which appears of 'different hues-^—cough—heavi- nefs of the eyes—fulnefs of the eye-lids, with or without a defluction of ferum—-> tumefaction' of the glands—a forenefs of the throat—a pleurify,-or an inflammation of the lungs—with many latent concomi- tants equally- dangerous in progrefs, and _ uncertain in their termination. In any, or all the above fymptoms the in- dications of cure are invariably the fame; and as the great and principal object of 24 OBSTRUCTED PERSPIRATION.' the prefent publication is to reduce, in all cafes, the means of relief to as con- crfe and comprehenfive ftate as exifting circumftances will admit, At becomes pre- vioufly neceflary to have it under flood, upon the prefent, as well as every future occafion, that if twenty volumes were written upon the fubject, variations from literary defcription'would fo frequently oc- cur, that fome correfponding afliftance muft be expected from the Medical Superinten- dent, or the judicious interpofition of the parties concerned; who regulating their conduct, by appearances, will always be en- abled to difcover, whether diforders are fub- mitting to the mode of treatment previoufly ^ adopted, or whether they are acquiring a greater or more dangerous degree of inve-, racy. This accurate attention becomes the more neceflary, becaufe every experienced obferver muft have been convinced, there are intermediate ft ages of every difeafe^ •■ where the fubject is more or lefs affected, as 0 MODE OF TREATMENT. 2 c y;- BAD-*--VERY BAD,---WORSE,-—-WORST,-**-* where each ftagc, the nearer it approaches to danger, calls for a bold and fpirited ex- ertion of judgment, in direct gradational petfeverance and conformity with the fhades of difeafe. ■- Admitting this beyond the power of cOntroverfy, we proceed to introduce fuch GENERALW SYSTEMATIC MODE of TREATMENT, ! A As has been invariably productive of fue- n^ccfs; leaving it open only to thofe flight L • deviations, that a variation in fymptoms or ■'■ | circumftances may render either applicable 'v or unavoidable. So Toon as a fubject is obferved to labour under any of the - fymptoms or traits of difquietude before difcribed, (as preven- tion, ifpoffiblsi is-always preferable to the anxiety and uncertainty of cure) inftantly unload the veffels, relieve the ftricture upon the furface, and enliventhe obftructed ■- ,a6 MODE OF TREATMENT. circulation by taking away blood in pro- portion to the fizi and ftate of the fubject,. (as Well as the severity of attack,)- letting it be reverted till cold, for the analyfts already defined as fo peculiaryne- cefTafy to afcertain the ftate of* the blood and probable progrefs ofdifeafe. The bleeding fhould be immediately followed by gentle walking exercife if the; weather will permit, but if that is pre-r' vented b y rain above, or the ground fhould' be too wet below, fubftantial dreffingin the ftable muft become the fubftitute Morning* •—Noon—and Night,—with adequate legj rubbing, moderate cloathing regulated by£ 1 the feafon of the year, and fuch other ftabJeP! attention as invalids are fuppofed to require • %In two hours after bleeding, that is foon^j after the exercife or drefling is gone through, let a mafli of fine ground Malt - ' and clean fweet Pollard each two quarts, be prepared with boiling water, and after • being well incorporated be given of fuch warmth as not to offend or create diflike-' -!. fcJODE-OF TREATMENT*' ^ by any powerful fumes which fome horfe* have an invincible averfion to. In two or three hours after this mafh, at whatever, time of the day it may have beyi offered, a Pectoral Cordial.Ball* fhould be given to invigorate the general fyftem, ftimulate the digective powers, and affift in propelling the .blood with an in- creafed velocity thro' the obftructed veffels, for the great purpofe of relaxing the cuta- neous parages and promoting infenfible .perforation. To expedite which, let the mafli be repeared at the .regular intervals of fix hours between each; occafional fupplies of fragrant hay in. very fmall quan- tities, and frequent offerings of foft water (two or three quarts) in its natural ftate, tfthe weather be warm and open, but witk the chill off if the feverity of the feafon, or the afpcct of difeafe fhould render it npce flary. The Cordial Ball fhould be repeated * See lift of Medicines at the conclufign. ft r ,-^s . MODE OF. TREATMENT. every Morning, and.to this mode of treat- ment there is hardly one cafe in an hundred but what will fubmit to three or four days perfeverance. Should however an excep- tion occur and a non fubmifiion of fymp- toms demonftrate an impending feverity,— repeat the bleeding on the third or fourth day, and purfue the previous mode with additional attention to predominant fyrrrp- - toms. In proportion to the heat under the '-tongue, clamminefs of the mouth, and flefhy finell of the breath, judgment is to be formed upon the fymptomatic heat, or original fever that attends, and circum- ftances varied accordingly. Here it be- comes neceflary to deviate a little from the direct line of Medkul Inftruction, to introduce a falutary caution againft the rriifchief that fo frequently enfues from an abufe and proftitution of Nitre; an article which has for many years, and under the re-echoed recommendation of •%.: every fucceflive writer, been hitherto ad- MODE OP TREATMENT. ,39 :miniftered in large quantities, as the grand fpecific, (and anti-febrifuge) hi almoft every diforder; and is likely to continue fo with thofe unapprized of the difadvantages with* which fo unlimited a ufe of it has been attended., From an inexperienced and ill confidered rnotive it has' formerly been introduced fo largely into practice, and under, the fanction of that popularity^ it has for half a century been an arcana with the .infinity of Grocms and Smiths. •who not being pofTefted of its peculiar pro- perties, have equally loaded it upon sll conftitutions and all cafes, without power to analize its virtues, or penetration to difcover its effects, Admitting its utility in a certain degree, in certain proportions, and under judicious reftrictions only, it is impoflible to fubfcribe to its imaginary excellence with all the energetic fervor of thofe whofe ultimatum it is, and who either prefcribe or admi- nifter it as the only medicine of efficacy for almoft every diforder to which the V jo MODE OF TREATMENT. * ■* * .. Horfe is fubject -, and who invariably con- tinue to extol it, not only as an attenuant or an, alterative, but as a diuretic of fuch infallible efficacy, that Cracked Heels,— Swelled Legs,—Greafe,—Defects of the Eyes,—and to call in the afliftance of their own prafeology, " every diforder arifing • * .~%from Humours," muft become fubfervient -to its counteraction ; without considering how frecuently they impoverifh the blood below the ftandard of health, and by dif- folving the crafTamentum, occafion the origin of diforders the very reverfe of thofe they intended to remove. To give this reafonicg greater weight ^ -with thofe who are replete with inclination to inveftigate, and whofe minds are open to conviction, it becomes diredtly in point toobferve, that I have felJom or ever been called to render aftiftance from home in c:rcs of inveterate colds, with fymptcmatici fever, but I found upon enquiry that nitre" had been mod unmercifully thrown- in; and probably net more from the great pom- W c A"s'E' ** forty of its power, than the pecuniary cafe of attainment. As the original intent* from the embark- ation in this Tract, has' been to elucidate aflertions by proofs, and to fuperfcde tlie idea. of theory by an accurate reprefen- tation of practice,-! fhall avail my felf of die introduction of fuch Cafe's of danger, as have occurred, to juftify the fucceisful mode of treatment adopted- under the lug- geftions of reason ■, in an anxious and earneft hope, fuch representations may not Only be productive cf much utility in the improvement of Farriery, but prove in fome degree fatisfactory to thofe who may do me the honor to caft an eye ever the- wcrk, whether for amufement, or w ith the more flattering expectation of deriving in- formation from its contents. CASE. On a Tit:fday, in March, 1794, z car- riage horfe was fent to the Receptacle,1 by Capt. Baker, then of Bentinck-Street,-. $l CAS £.; who having no hope of recovery held" out td him by the medical fuperintendents of his own neighbourhood, configned him, in a ftate of dependency, reeling, to what he confideredhis left home-, and the coachman who delivered him to the fervants in the Yard faid, " it was of no ufe to go to- work with him for he was very well aP furedthe horfe would be dead by Monday." Upon this pofiiive affirmation, it was thought neceflary to attempt a difcovery, whether any particular medicine had been adminiftered, from which danger might be apprehended ? but the only reafon he had" to urge in defence of his unlimited faga- city and ftrange prediction was, " that" th.z horfe had taken no-kini of fuftenanee face Monday, but what he had beeri ('.rench'd with, and by G-d'it was impoffible for any horfc to live more than a week' without eating or drinking" After an accurate examination of'predo- minant appearances, the fubject for con- fideration then was, whether the inactive- CASE. ftate of digeftive powers (or in other words, the relaxation of the internal coat cf the ftomach) was the effect of difeafe, cr of the wonderful profufion of noftrums, the anxiety of the Master, the illiteracy of the Coachman,- or the profeffional intereft of the FarRieR, had found it neceflary to beftow. But little time became neceflary to afcertain the fact, for the diftinct and conjunctive efforts of three fuch ftrenuous advocates for the fpeedy eradication of difeafe and promotion of purity, had in- duced them to confer an almoft unprece- dented accumulation of care and attention, with fo great a portion of Medical influence, that the poor fubject had nearly fallen a victim to the full force of the Materia Medica. They had been rotationajly at- tacking an imaginary . Fever, Worms, and Jaundice, with large and repeated defes of Nitre,—Savin—Turmeric—Tobacco—and many other medical collaterals ; leavino- only one matter for furprize, how nature had fo long fuftained, without finking, the ihock of this joint empiricifm D % 34 NITRE,'its e?teci-h. It muft here fu-rice to fay, that by dint of induftrious attention, much more than by medical interposition, the horfe was perfectly recovered and returned to his * work within the Month; and altho' we fhall again return' to the mode of treatment it is neceflary to purfue in the advanced ftages " ofdiforders arifing from obstuctfd per- spiration and a confequent vifcidity of the blood, yet it becomes previoufly, in- deed unavoidably neceflary, to continue here the thread of diiquifiori relative to ;. the effecl of Nitre, when indifcriminately ^ and injudicioufly administered; and to lay down fuch demonstrative thefis, as may place the enquiry beyond "doubt, why its- effects upon the ftomach evidently occanon' » a deficiency in the digeftive powers, and confequent refufal of the moft attracting,- nutriment ? This circumftance alone (which feenis to have been hitherto totally unattended to) *■ renders it worthy every confideration ; not a Gentleman, Farmer, Farrier, or > .V'v' '" NITRE, ITS effects.- 35" Gr'oom, buffhould weigh well in his mind this fubject, before he becomes acceflary to its adminiftration or ufe u* any quan- tity whatever. For my own part, I have in a variety of recent cafes, with horfes the property? of Gentlemen (to whom it might not prove pleafant to fee their names in print upon this occasion) had fuch con- vincing proofs- of temporary injury from - 1 the improper ufe of Nitre, (the ill effects of which I have repeatedly had to counter- aft) that I feel not only the necessity, but consider it an act of grateful refpect, ho- nor'd- as I am with a certain portion of public confidence, to hold forth an indif- putable report of the fact. Convinced by the most accurate obferva- tion, of the difquieting fenfations arifing from a too free ufe of the article we now treat on, (particularly by the lower claffes with whom it is fo largely and invariably brought into ufe,) I have for more than , the three last years of my constantly in- ( creating practice, made it an invariable ■$6 ftlTRE, ITS tTFtctt, rule never to administer, or prefcribe it* in any form, without fiich corrector a? corsefpondedv with the cafe, and prevented its aerid property from too hafty or fevere an effect upon the irritability of the fto- mach, or too fudden a check upon the circulation. Wiping away any idea of ambiguity,: •t# that may be erroneoufly conceived to attach itfelf to this declaration under the mafk of profefftonal myftery, (which my beft and most opulent friends know I have an invin- cible aversion to) I think it neceflary to add, that whenever I feel myfelf juftified in adopting its aid, and confider it moft eligible in a liquid form, it is not only in exceeding fmall quantities, but fo fheathed with the gelatinous gruel, or (occafionally) folution of Gum Arabic, in which it is dif- folved previous to its incorporation with with the waterin which it is drank, that I en- tertain no fear of internal difquietude; on the contrary, when circumftances ren* der it neceflary to be administered in any *niwr. form, it i? fo carefully guarded with INDICATIONS OF DANGER- 37 thofe excellent collaterals Camphire or Ginger, that .$he digeftive powers, fo far from being impaired, are abfolutely fiimu-- ktedto aclionby the Junction. Thus far is introduced to inculcate one general opinion of an eftablifhed proof in hafty, inconfiderate, and erroneous prac- tice—that the refufal of food in nine horfes out of every ten, arifes more from the stomach's having been vitiated by an im- proper introduction of Nitre, and an ad- ditional inconfiftent accumulation of hete- rogeneous medicines, than the effect of d?:i:ase. We therefore now proceed to a renewal of that part of the fubject difcon- - tinued from pages fince, when what might then be con fide red a digre/fion, is. new proved fo immediately neceflary for eluci- dating the Cafes under difcuflion. Admitting therefore the before recited fymptoms, arifing from a collapfion of the porous system, not only to continue with- out the least fubmiflion to the means before prefcribed, but to asTtime a degree 'of in- 38 INDICATIONS OF t)ANGER: flexible rigidity,---the fympomatic heat' and fever ^.increasing—the pulfe quick, high, and irregular—Malt mafhes, fragrant hay, and fweet clean oats refufed (altho* no nitrous or naufeating medicine has been adminiftered) the blood- may then be be- !* lieved in a ftate of preternatural' efferves- cence approaching inflammation ; evidently ) tending to fix, without early counteraction, upon fome particular part from which dan- ger may be confequentiy apprehended. Increafed and violent cough will prove « its progreflive effect upon the Iatncs-.— < A yellownefs around, an&deprefllon of the orb of the eye, to have taken feat upon the Liver.—Swelling under the jaws, and tumefied tension of the eye-lids, "Will de- monstrate its crifis to thofe parts.—A weak- nefs of the Loins, wincing upon prefliire there with the hand, frequent attempts and ftrainings to ftale, without fuccefs, are* ■ ftrong indications that the neck of the Blad~> der, or the Xidnies are the parts affected. • J INDICATIONS OF DANGER. ^ To attend with circumspection to the * very minutiae of thefe traits, is the leading ftep to professional reputation ; a too hafty decifion frequently terminates in difap^ pcintment, and not unfrequently in difgrace. The diftreffing anxiety, the inexpressible .trouble, not to add a word of the expence, .that may enfue from either an inflammation >of the Kidnies, Liver, or Lungs, are .reafons fufficiently powerful to urge the neceflity of very early precaution; an ulcer ration ,in the firft—tumefaction, tubercles jn, or a putrid fohtion of the fecond—and a rapid consumption of the latter,—are amongst the effects that daily practice con- vinces us are jr.oft to be dreaded upon the occafion. Let whichever take the lead of the be- fore mentioned alarming fymptoms, the firft' ftep to mitigation is invariably the fame. Bleed in proportion to predomi- nant appearances, without the leaft fear of the patient's falling a vi&im to debili- tation from lofs of blood. That the circu- 40 INDICATIONS OF DANGER. f4'.' .1 .'.tionmay be relieved from, and gradually divcfted of its inflammatory vifcidity, and at the fame time gently stimulated to affift nature in her efforts, to expel the morbific 'matter to the furface by her dif- ferent emunctOries, it will be proper to give (within an hour after bleeding) a Pectoral Cordial Ball, difiblved in a pint and half of well-ftrained gelatinous gruel, by means ,of the horn ; having ready, previoufly dissolved in half, or three . quarters of a pint of the fame gruel, Gum Arabic and Nitre, each half an ounce, to be given immediately after the other, and in the fame way : both compositions being repeated every eight or fix hours, in thofe cafes coming under the two firft de- grees or" intermediate ftages," of " bad," —-ec very bad,"—but every five or four* where from inattention or inveteracy they afTume the more advanced complexion of " worse,"'—" worst,"—justifying the ad- ditional exertions in proportion to the fe- verity of fymptoms as already defcribed. TREATMENT. 41 Refpecting the common mode of giving' drinks with a horn, fomething may be ad- •*7antageoufly introduced at this particular place, by way of practical improvement. Having for a feries of years with concern, witnefled the awkward and inconvenient: cuftom of adminiftering drinks compul- fively, by means of a fhort cord formed into a loop, and pafTed under the upper jaw, and the head then fufpended by the prong of 2.fork nearly as, high as the afliftant could raife it by force of arms, it became abfolutely neceflary, in a general and ex- tenfive practice, to adopt fome plan of more - eafe to the* patient, and more convenience to the operator ; particularly where the apparatus becomes instrumental to the con- veyance of Food as we,Il as Phyftc, which in circumftances" like thofe we treat of, will be found frequently.the cafe. To render the bufinefs kfs unpleafant than in the iifual way, I have an iron in ufe exactly correfponding with the ftirrup of a laddie, only of larger dimensions ; riie flat bar at the bottom is beded with E 42 TREATMENT. > foft tcrtv, and to the eye above the circular ring, is faftened three or four yards of fmafl cord, which running in a pulley fixed in the deling, nearly over, (but rather be- fore) the head of the horfe, and the padded bottom being placed in the mouth like a colt's mouthing bit, the head is raifed to any particular pitch in a.moment, the horn is insinuated, the drink difcharged, and the head occasionally managed with any degree of dexterity the operator may chufe to difplay, by either tightening or flackening the cord with his hand; and thus Medi- cine or Aliment may be given to any horfe ftanding or laying with greater faci- lity than by other means whatever. To a want of invention and correfpond- ing afllduity, may be attributed great part Of the obftacles that have arifen to the im- provement of Farriery; and to that habitual indolence and averfion to perfonal exertion among the lower claflfes, (generally divest- ed of emulation) do we at prefent stand indebted for the sterility of the practice,: an iuea that need not in this place be re- TREATMENT, 43 peated, but as an apology for any trifling dilcoveries it may be found applicable to introduce, tending; to the firft and leading object of reformation. Returning to the patient, whofe difeafe we have taken a progreffional view of to the stages of danger (when rejecting what- ever aliment may be offered) ; it then be- comes absolutely neceflary to invigorate the fyftcm, and fupport the frame by the interpofition of art. To do this by means that leaft agitates the frame and naufeates the stomach, is one of the leading con- fiderations and diftinguifhing traits of pro- fefllonal confiftency. Previoufly convinced by the rejection of food, that the digeftive powers are weak, it is a direct point of propriety not to over- load them ; inftead therefore of perpetually mortifying the animal with eternal alter- natives of Food or Phyfic without effect, it will be highly advifeable, in addition to the mild and meliorating fyftem before 44 TREATMENT. laid down, to infinuate the very extratl of" the moft nutritive aliment, without overDurthening nature with the fubftance. Thus: . Have ready a gallon or two of the moft ■ fu-bftantial and well-boiled gruel, as well as an equal quantity of fine rich fweet- wort, expreffed from malt upon which boiling water has been poured and covered up, in the direct way of a mafh in brew- » ing; this being prested from the malt, and i' irdxed with the gruel in equal proportions, , two or three quarts, according to the fize of the horfe, may be given as ^.fubftitute I for food, (with the horn in the eafy way I juft defcribed) once in every five or fix I lours; that is in the exaeJ middle of the J s'.t'jnTiedhte fpace of time allotted for the j Cordial Balls disTclved in gruel, fol- I lowed by die folution of Arabic and Nitre, I Thus far I have confidered it both ufe full and nccejiary, to introduce with precision Case. at point of figure and appearance, of the firft defcription, having cost the owner Fifty- jive Guineas, a very few weeks before. Proceeding to examine predominant fymptoms, I found an almost unprecedented diftolouration of the internal parts of the Eve, with a visible depreflion or finking of the orb, which I overheard the ftabula- rian gentry call the Hack jaundice; a moft uncommon heaving of the flank, a corref- ponding difficulty of breathing, blended with a lingular kind offingultus, or hick-up, fomething fimilar to the last and fruitleft ftrainings of a perfon under the operation of an emetic ; a frothy effusion, from between the lips, and fuch an exceffive heat beneath the tongue, tlrat it was with difficulty ihe fins;ers could be continued there to make the examination : but what rendered the whole a matter of the greater myftery was, that the pulfations were fo low and indis- tinct, that a fpeedy diffolution feemed im- pending. This complication of fymptoms, (as it 4* CAS E- were by a kind of momentary impulie) in* fiuenced me to believe, they were occafion- ed much more by the ufe of fome improper medicine, than the effect of difeafe.— To obtain correct information, and to af- certain that facl to a certainty, was a tafk of no fmall fe'eming difficulty, and af- forded but a very diltant profpect of fuc- cefs. Practical Experience with the Fraternity, who look upon reformers, with at leaft a fufpicious, if not a jealous eye, *•*■• had convinced me, an attainment fo desir- able could only be even hoped for thro' the medium of that political- duplicity, and per- fevering difllmulation, fo prudently and pioufly' inculcated by the late and greafi Lord Chesterfield, as abfolutely necef- fary to the completion of every zvljh. Under the irrefiftible prevalence of this idea, and the forcible reflection of rudenefs and impropriety, of indeed examining the patient without the prefence of the Prac- titioner previoufly employed, I was induced to enquire if there was no poflibility. of TREATMENT. 45 the mode of practice invariably adopted in all fimilar cafes upon my own premifes, where, by having the fubjects immediately under my own iuperintendance, and houily inflection, no deception whatever can be brought into ufe; upon the fuccefs of which, it muft afford no fmall gratification of profeflional ambition to declare, I have never yet, in all my constantly incrcafmg concerns, had a Bead Horfe drawn out of my ftables, notwithstanding the variety fent to the Receptable in fuch a ftate of danger, as to render their return a matter of no great expectation to the owners. The inexpre.Tible advantages that have arifen from this mild and rational mole of treatment, become jhe -more accept- able that its happy effects may constitute- a ftriking contraft to the bold, confident, injudicious, and defpenaie practice of thofe, who fhielded by hr.orar.ce, and equally strangers to humanity as to the przpsrt'y of Msdicine, deal around them dec'b e^il E2 46 CAS E. devrftatiou without remorfe, a. Angle figfi of commiferation for the animal they have- annihilated, or a fenfation of forrow for the lofs of the employer, whofe property they have destroyed. Jn fnpport of this alTertion (which the jaundiced eye of envy may be fuppofed to view with no fmall portion of prejudice) a variety of inftances in my own knowledge might be introduced ; but as it is net the purpofe to wage war with the unfortunate, one only muft fuffice, particularly when tranfmitted through the medium of une- quivocal authority, it may be confidered one of the moft extraordinary that eve: occurred in Vulcanian practice. CASE. On a Wednfday in one of the lait winter months, I was hastily called to a valuable horfe, the property of a Gentleman, then ftanding at livery, in the stables of one of the moft eminent Riding Schools in, or / near the Metropolis. The horfe was in CAS E; 49 feeing- the Farrier, under wftofe care he had been from the origin of the attack? The reply was—" That the Master wac dangeroufly indifpofcd, and had been con- fined to his room for fome weeks, but the Journeyman who had attended the horfe.* might be feen immediately," A few minutes produced him, and after thofe little attentions that pafs when Gen- tlemen of the Faculty meet, I had to obferve,—(C that I never felt myfelf more concerned, than when called in to give an opinion upon the patients of other prac- titioners ; as it placed them in the awkward predicament of being fuppofed to have acted improperly, or without professional con- fiftency, which was very frequently by no means the cafe.—I could not entertain the leaft doubt of his abilities, or the perfect propriety of his conduct, but as Mr. C— had done me the honour to require my Opinion and fuperintendance, it became an act of duty in us both, for the promotion of his intereft, and the prefervation of the horfe^ •#> CASE. to avoid ambiguity on either fide,* and gel- hand in hand for the general good. To do this with the greater hope and expectation of fuccefs, it would be right he fhould tell me tne steps' he had already taken, that we might not go over the fame ground, to con- ftitute deception or encounter difappomt-* ment.-" This happy introduction of affability (and equality) subdued every difficulty, and obtained a ready acquifcence on the part of my Coadjutor ; who, with a con- fcioufnefs of having done every thing rfor the befty candidly recounted the eafe,-^ " That on the Saturday morning preceeding, the horfe was obferved to be ill, and that he was then let blood about two quarts,— that at night he had a Tiffing Ball.—On Sunday two ounces of Nitre, morning and night,—a Drink in the middle of the day,— on Monday another Piffing Ball,—on Tuef- day morning Nitre,—but finding him grow wcrfe and worfe, he had given him of 1 ■C'-a s ■& ■$ tartAr emetic, .Half an ounce, on Tuefday evening, and followed it up with a repetition (of the .deathblow) on Wednefday morning. » Thofe only who know me beft,^—he%& know, what v/ere my fenfations at this re- cital; and what a fhock it muft have been to hear the irrevocable fentence thus past upon the unoffending fubject of investi- gation; and to anticipate, "wii-h what a ^meeknefs of fpirit," he Would meet that :*death- it was impOflible he could avoid. SuBpefling as much as the circumftances would- permit, the agitation of my mind, . an^ ill *BEj?£ting a certain degree of ferenity, I repeated with mildnefs, "half an ounce? —furely you make a mistake, you mean half a drachm"—"No! he was certain it was half an ounce, he faw it weighed at the Chemister'S, and he gave it himfelf." This decifive stroke obliterated the last ray of hope, which was now " paft redemption gone." ■J* CASE, With what little civility it waspoflible to lummon upon the cccafion, I thanked him for his information, and took my leave, obliquely hinting to the groom, that every expectation from medicine would prove de- ceptive, and death inevitable. A letter of explanation followed to *his Master, (to whom I had not then the pleafure of being perfonally known) recommending, mould the fubject furvive long enough to try the experiment, (which I could by no means expect) half an ounce of Liquid Laudanum to be given inftantly, and half that quantity to be repeated in a horn of fubftantial gruel, or gelatinous folution of Gum Arabic, every two hours, till death clofed the fcene, or unexpected circum- ftances might arife to justify a different method of proceeding. That experimental effort to allay irritability, and flieath the Stimulating property of the Tartar Emetic was rendered totally impracti- cable ; for before the return' of the mef- fenger, this unfortunate animal had breathed his Lift,—y.n; of the very many victims REMARKS l)PQ,N, JJ •aho annually folk a facrifice to ignorance, illiteracy, and the moft unbounded con- fidence. As the art of Medicine, like the art Of Life, fhould consist in knowing what to- avoid'as well as what to purfue, the -intro- duction of this Cafe an by no means be considered inapplicable, particularly when recited without the lights and fhades cf em- bellifhmcrit; with no ether motive than to prevent, if possible, the inexperienced from plunging into fimilar fcenes cf folly, anxiety, lofs cf profeflional reputation, and ultimately distress. That the original ufe of this medic::!:? may be in fome degree accounted for, and the mind of the impartial enquirer amply gratified, it becomes directly in point to explain its properties, as fome kind of plea for the conduct of thole adventurous prac- titioners, who, proceeding upon the fyitem of "the more danger the more honour," as well as in adherence to" the ancient adage, J? S4 irea'tment, that «dangerous difeafes-require defperat* ' remedies,;' have brought it fo boldly and fo largely into ufe. Some few years fince, during an au- tumnal difeafe amongst the horfes, which proved generally fatal in different parts of the kingdom, and to the mitigation or cure of which, the fraternity of Farriers was found inadequate, an idea fuggefted itfelf to fome one of the Faculty, that as Dr, James's Powder was an article of fo much acknowledged efficacy, as to amount to almoft a Febrile Specific with the Human Species, it was at leaft but a fair and candid question, why it fhould not bear an equal portion of fuccefs, if properly adminiftered (thatis injudicious proportions) to any part of the Animal Creation ? Proof couidonly be obtained from trial, arid well authenticated report has given reafon to believe, that with thofe who did rot "o'eritep the bounds ofmodefty," in its ufe, it may have been given with suc- cess; at any rate thofe gentlemen who REMARKS UPON. 55 Were fo fortunate as not to loft their horfes by the experiment, of courfe came grate- fully forward to vouch for its infallibility. Upon the conftftency of > fuch hazardous pro- ceeding, I feel myfelf by no means difpofed to enlarge, perfectly content with an af- furance, that " a Kill or Cure " fyften can- not conftitute any part of my practice, and that for reafons too numerous and too pal- pable to require explanation. Altho' the bafis of the juftiy celebrated Powder just mentioned is nearly afcertained by Chemical Analyfis, yet no imitation, no Antimonial preparation whatever (amidft the great body of adventurers) has ever been found to equal its effects in either the fafly, purity, or certainty of its operation. The very great expence of (and probable hnmenfe profits upon) the arificle rendering it at any rate almoft unattainable to the multi- tude, it became the joint bufinefs of the penurious and the necejf.'cus, to difcover and a- dopt a fubftitute for general ufe. 7|6* TREATMENT. The fubftitute thus adapted is.the L-.n.ik Tartar cf the Lon.oo:; Pharmacop.ua, a medicine of the firft clafs in the hands of the judicious and experienced practitioner, but from the circumftances attendant upon the cafe before recited, we may, without beinj accufed of prefumption or i its pertinence, confider its indifcriminate ufe with rise clafs already delcribed, not at all dinimilar to i. two-edgedfword in the hands of a Madman'. Having taken a concife view of its intro- duction as a fubftitute for what cveiy can- did and difpaffionate Gentleman of the Fa- culty will admit to be the fir it difcovery n:i J mot general lpecific in tlie worl 1 of Medicine, w? necefitri'y proceeJ to a cur- io/yfurvey of its' prepe>tier, f.r she more >clrar3y iiivefli^aring its active power upon t liferent fubjrits -r an J by drawing a parallel, dc.nonftrate h.r.v f.r it may be a medicine of conllftency aod faicty in one fubject, or an arsicle of inevitable ddlructicn with another : the enquiry being eagerly entered * R E M A R K S> U P O N. 57 into, to prevent if poffible, the depreda- tions, that are likely tb enfue from a conti- nuance in fuch an unenlightened and destruc- tive mode of practice. Adverting therefore to its effects upon the human frame, we experimentally know the extent of its power either as an Emetic —a Purgative—or a Sudorific, according to the ftate, constitution, or irritability of the patient, who, it fometimes happens from a peculiarity of circumftances, be- comes fubject to the operations in toto, tho' from a Angle dofe ; which dofe in general practice feliom varies more than from one to two grains* unlefs fuch variation is justi- fied by cafes of delperaticn (as where poi- .^ fon has been accidentally or designedly fwallowed) when five or even fix grains, have been given to excite immediate and violent vomiting, wirii fuccefs. Going however very far beyond what may be termed the given line of fafety by the Faculty, in their general and fyftematic F 2 58 TR - AT ME NT, mode of practice, by admitting that fiv: grams of Emetic Tartar may be giveo (without apprehenfion of danger) to a man oj far confutation j let us to ilrungthen our reafoning, and to enforce our argu- ment, (as well as to wipe away, if poflible, \-, every idea in future of luch infamous prac- . ' ■* tice,) defcend to a repetition of the enor- • 'r jr.ous and incredible quantity, fo rafhly A given by that prodigy of prudence and me- dical acquisition, in the cafe already de- xribed. For by whatever weight we* con*- • fider it to have been, adminiftered, we fn'A find each dcfe of the two, to have contained forty eight times the quantity ever given to a man of the most robust habit, without a fear of endangering his fafety, altho' he posTefTes the chance of die different eva: cuations •, whilft on the contrary, the fub- . ject of his experiment1 not poffefling the power of regurgitation by vomit, had not the advantage of that alternative in the operation. Having proceeded thus far to s ftate ;thc: R-EMARKS |tPON. <9 *_? ■. ~w «rror in practice, and. the difproporticns that prove it, we find it- neceflary to take another gradational ftep in the talk of refor- mation, by endeavouring to afcercain ths destructive effect- of this medicine, (or in the prefent instance, pcifon) fo plentifully thrown into a part fo little calculated to receive i-. I will flrft prefumc I am not going a ihaJe too far in the conjecture, but feel my- _ 3 fe.lf fully juftified in fuppofing, that my very honest, well meaning fellow labourer '* " in Veterineri a\" inveftigation, had no one ;|P^ defign, or expectation of any particular operation from this effort of experimental practice and judicious difcrimination, more than it might make the Horfe fweat, (or in fact any thing elfe) and if it didfs—it might ■ make him well. But as to any predominant ; fymptom, and particular difeafe he meant to fubdue, I moft readily exculpate him from every intent of the kind, as # matter of too much mental magnitude ; and pro- ceed to what was the probable effcet of the article fo unluckily in hoofed, 60 TREATMENT, From the remarks already made, it may be eafdy conceived by thofe not at all verfed in medical difquifition, that this medicine-, when adminiftered to the human frame, even in proper proportions, muft come much fooner into action in its various modes of operation, than it poflibly can in the fubject we treat of, whofe form is by * no means, fo favourably adapted to its fin- * gular effects. For with the former fhould \% its power rapidly form npun the nervous * .) irritability of the ftomach, exciting it to action, its force by an immediate continuity and fympathetic fenfition of 'parts, may alfo produce an opposite evacuation, and both from a general relaxation, be followed by a copious and falutary perforation. ' It is by no means to be confidcred fo with the horfe, for when we recollect that he is prevented (by a valve in the paflage) from throwing off the leaft article of offending matter from the ftomach by vomit,—when we advert to the conftruction and well- knwn, length of the inteftinal canal, that R E M A R K S U P\G l\r,* 6i r? prevents the needity liquefaction of tl|e excrementicious contents to produce pur- gation in lefs than from twelve to twenty, and twenty-four hours—and the extreme Lidicuity of producing perforation Jby Me- dicine,— litile need be urged to aboliih a purfuic in practice fo evidently replete with danger,'fo v^ry little with a, probable profpect of fuccefs. Concluding from fuch analyfls of the n^edicine. and its effects, as the abridged plan of this tract will permit us to make, that the ftimulus of the unprecedented and incredible quantity of the medicine, had been fo exceflively powerful upon the irri- tability of the ftomach, that spasms, (in other words, a preternatural and mceffant contraction,) had constituted fo great a de- gree of fermentation, in its contents, that the fuperflux of indigested and imperfect chyle became proportionally propelled to the different emunctories; thefe be in ^over- charge.!, were rendered inadequate to the offices of feeretien, inflammation cf the Hver, (as well as. other parts) probably &>* ii AGP^MONY in the BLOOD. if j lowed—mortification fucceeded—and Death enfued—but in all likelihood not without an abfolute rupture of the internal coat ot the ftomach, from the violent fpafmodirf^ exertions to expel its contents by regurgi- tation, without effects Conceiving this to have been the direct procefs by which an object of fo much value Was rafhsydestroyed, the fuggeftion muft, to eveiy rational investigator, appear fufrl- ciently well founded, to anfwer any en- quirer who may be induced to afk,—Why Emetic Tartar never has, or. ever fhall, form an article of ufe in practice at the Receptacle, while the Materia Medica holds forth fuch a variety of lefs dangerous Alternatives ? ACRIMONY in the BLOOD. Having in the earlier pages gone over fuch bhstinguifhing' traits of difeafe, or difquieting fymptoms, as arife from Ob- structed perspiration, and a confequent Vifcidity of the Blood, (upon which much ACRIMONY in the Bl£j£)D. 63 more will be occafionly introduced) we come to that nice distinction of Morbidity, where fimilar effects arife from caufes di- rectly oppoflte to each other j and where, although (to fuperficial obfervers) the cafes in different fubjects appear directly the fame, yet the treatment in both muft con-» ftitute a palpable contraft, to complete a cure in either. It has been before obferved, that the intent of this publication is to bring home conviction, by the moft incontrovertible demonstration, and to reconcile, without prolixity, fuch conviction to the fcale of every intelligent comprehension. That the execution may go hand in hand with the declaration, let it be briefly understood, that an acrimonious and impoverifhed ftate of the blood, will produce in one fubject the very fame appearances that a fizey vif- cidity may occaflon in another •, with- only fuch flight fhades of variation, as mail be accurately explained. , The very nature of the Animal CEco- Ci ACRJMCNY ix thi: ELOOI\ nomy liolds forth demortftrative proof, even to the leaft inquisitive obferver, that the frequent fupplies of healthy aliment con- ftantly generate the proper portions of Chyle, Lymph, and Blood, for all the pur- pofes of fecretion and fupport -, this being admitted, it directly follows, that a want of fuch regular fupply in either quantity or (iiiality, robs the blood of its crafiamentum, or ftiperior property, (in fact 'the very life and fpirit of the circulation) giving the ferum the preponderation, by which the blood becomes Impoverished—She circu- lation languid—and the frame emaciate. To render this idea fully comprehensive, let it be recapitulated, thee: as flood is ge- nerated and flefli formed Ly the force of • nutritious aliment, and the frame looks full and fine dnly in proportion as the veffels '* are distended -with its invi^oratino; effects-, fo every part becomes proportionally con- tracted and diminifned, as it is more or kfs * deprived of the means of that perfection? I hence it is inferred, that as much as the I SWELLED LEGS> ... 65 blood of one horfe becomes overcharged with fize and vifcidity by a fuperflux of food and difproportion in exercife, fo another is equally reduced below the ftandard neceflary to health and purity, by taking (in ac- tion and confequent evacuations) more from the frame and circulation, than is contributed by aliment for the fupport of both. For the demonstration Of* this fact fo accurately afcertained by experience, as well as to fet at defiance the clafhing opi- nions of determined cavillers and cynical difputants, who exist in perfonal confidence, we need only advert to that prevalent defect fo palpably striking in moft of the public, as well as very many private ftables in and round the Metropolis; where we fee an enlargement of the extremities, or in plainer language SWELLED LEGS, With the ufual concomitants of G 66 SWELLED LEGS. CRACKS and SCRATCHES, Meet our eyes at all points, in direct con- firmation of the aflertions advanced; and originating as before mentioned, in the differ- ent extremes of repletion in one object, and poverty in another. Dividing therefore the fubject we treat f on into the distinct claffes it is entitled to, / it will be found, that the swelled legs, j of a horfe low and emaciated, originate in j a fuperflux of ferum, an impoverifhed ha- ' bit, and too great laxity of the veffels,; from a want of fufficient contents to insure their distention, and fupport their elasticity. On the contrary, the horfe of an opposite defcription, full in the frame, loaded with flefli, heavy in the eyes, and foul in the excrements, labours under the infirmity from a very different caufe, and of courfe lays claim to a very different treatment. Here the veffels are all preternaturally dif- tinded with a vifcid fubftantial matter, ori- ginating in a fizey ftate of the blood,, be- SWELLED L£G5, 67 come stagnant by time, with a want of exercife, now locked up in certain chan- nels by the ftricture upon the furface, (or tightnefs of the integument) daily af-» fuming greater rigidity by the length of it* duration. . Altho' it has been an almoft eftablifhed custom to treat every fpecies of fvvelled legs directly in the fame way, as if they had originated by the fame means, yet a mo- ment's reflection, and a flight referrence to the foregoing remarks, evidently points out the absurdity of the practice, and demon- strates the neceflity of a fyitem more rati- onally adapted to the exigencies of each particular occasion. Diuretics and Al- teratives have been hitherto confidered the grand fpecifics in all cafes of the kind,, and thofe not working wonders, the Groom's great fheet anchor, Nitre, has been the ne plus ultra of confummatien; till by fuch an eternal attenuation, the blood has been fo much impoveriihed, as to ren- der the remedy worfe than the difeafe, 68 SWELLED LEGS. Avoiding farther animadverfion upon the erronepds practice of the paft, we advert to tbt more rational and enlightened prin- ciples of the present, endeavouring to in- culcate fuch rules as may (with punctuality #id perfeverance) be expected to infure a certainty of fuccefs ; having previoufly in Recollection, the excellent adage, that " the matter's eye makes the work light" and the additional confolation that feeing the procefs will in all probability go a great way towards effecting the cure. Bleeding naturally precedes every other consideration ; that operation cannot too I ibon take place, not more to relieve the veffels from their load and stricture, than . to afcertain the ftate of the blood; which 1 beino-found fufHciently above the ftandard already defcribed, to demonstrate the en- largements to have been produced by a t: fizey vifcidity, proceed immediately in the I following way: i SWELLED LEGS. 6c/ Take of Camomile Flowers, Roman Wormwood, Rofemary, and Lavender leaves, each a double handful j boil in two, gallons of water, stirring occasionally to- gether, for near half an hour ; then let the legs that are swelled be well fomented with a large fponge, or pieces of flannel,, alternately dipt in the decoction, as hot as it can be ufed without injury to the hair, for a quarter of an hour every night and morning. This part of the operation fhould be immediately followed by half an hour's leg nibbing, with foft feparated hay bands, and that in fuch perfevering fucceflion, as not only to get them fpeedily dry, but to enliven .the circulation by the artificial warmth ex- cited by friction.. After each morning's ceremony, if the weather permits, the fubject fhould have from one to two or three hours^ walking ex- ercife, according to the ftate, ftaading, and inveteracy of the defects; and when brought in (previous to drefling the body) G: vfo DIGRESS! ON. the leg rubbing fhould be again carefully and perfiftingly attended to. In the evening, after the fomentation, when the legs have undergone the long and patient friction fo frequently menti- oned, and fo strongly recommended, have ready flannel rollers about two* full inches wide and two yards long, with which let the swelled parts of each leg be. bandaged v moderately, (but not feverely) thefe to remain till taken off for the fomentation of the following morning. DIGRESSION. During fourteen years practice in Physic and Surgery, aided by a friendly domesti- cation with families of the firft refpecta- bility, it was my ambition to fhake off the mafk of Medical Myftery, and to confider every Patient an individual Friend of the firft magnitude,—a Friend who had not -only done me the honor to entrust me with the management of his purse, (in the futm INSTANCE. * b.i total of my bill) but with the care of his constitution alfo. Under the impreflive in- fluence of this reflection, it was the grataful maxim of every vifit never to leave a single patient, till I had reconciled them to a proper opinion of their own eafe ; and poffeffed them not only of the property of the me- dicines intended to be introduced, but the operations from which they were to obtain relief. The facne uniform principle pervades my^/^/purfuits, and I feel no fmall fhare of gratification in confessing, I retain too much refpect for that great body of diftin- * guifhed characters, in whofe fervice I am retained; as well as the caufe of general expectation I am engaged in, to hazard or hold forth any prefcription, or particuliar mode of practice, but what I fhall always confider myfelf happily bound to explain. INSTANCE. Returning therefore to the procefs just re- commended, let us endeavour to difcover and demonstrate it* intended and probable- 72 PURGATIVES and DIURETICS effects upon the frame in general, and the feat of difeafe in particular. Firft, It is to be readily conceived, that the stricture upon, and distention of the veffels muft be considerably relieved, and the obstructed circulation enlivened by the bleeding propofed. Secondly,. That the ftagnant matter fo long locked up in the extremities, becomes graditionally rarefied by the heat of the fomentation;—that it is proporti- onally raifed in the veffels (or tubes) by the restored elasticity afforded to the folids in the friction of leg-rubbing ; and being by thefe means abforbed into the circulation, is ultimately carried off by fuch evacuants ':.' as the mildnefs, or feverity of the cafe may render it neceflary to adopt, of which we now proceed to offer the moft fatisfactory elucidation. PURGATIVES and DIURETICS, Are the only two that can prefent them- felves to our fervice upon the occafion ; not but that in the early ftages of flight cafes* a PURGATIVES and DIURETICS. 73- fhort courfe of Alteratives, with fuch change of aliment as may tend to alter the property of the blood, will, before the veffels are preternaturally distended, gene- rally effect a fpeedy obliteration. Tofecure this, one of the Alterative Powders lhould be given in the corn, (firft fprinkled with water to infure adheflon) every night and morning; which, with one ounce of Nitre given each morning in the water, may in a fortnight be expected to have carried off fo recent an accumlation, if by long ftanding it has acquired fuch vifcidity, and occafloned fuch diftenfion of the veffels, as to require means of greater power and perfeverance. Should, by the joint inattention of the Master, and the fhameful neglect of the Groom, this have taken place, a different mode muft be unavoidably purfued, to avoid the mortification of difappointment. In addition to the Bleeding and Fomentation. 74 PURGATIVES and DIURETICS. fo accurately decribed, a Strong Diuretic Ball, if a flout horfe, a Mild if a fmall . one, fhould be giverf every morning for the firft three, and every other morning for the last, with an Alterative Powder every night in the corn, till half a dozen balls and a dozen powders are confumed, before which time visible amendment, if not. a total removal may be expected, unlefs an unforefeen feverity has taken place, when a little longer perfeverance in the fame plam muft be adopted, for the completion of cure, m Thefe are the certain and fyftematic modes of* practice that never fail under strict care and unremitting attention ; and are properly adapted to the wants of thofe who find it unavoidably neceflary to ufe their horfes in gentle work during the cure ; but in all cafes of long ftanding, difplaying an inflexible rigidity of the fkin, and want of pliability in its contents, a courfe of Phyfic, with intervening Alteratives are immediately prefented to your confideration* -—Thus: , PURGATIVES and DIURETICS. 75 Having the fecond day after Bleeding prepared your horfe with mafhes, on the third give your Purging Ball, either the " Mild," « Strong, " or « Cordial Rhu- barb, " as may be thought moft applicable to the kind of horfe labouring under the infirmity. The fubject having been well cloathed and managed during the operation, let him on the firft night after the phyfic is completely fet, (that is when the laxation has totally fubfided, and the excrements become firm) have one of the Alterative Powders given in his corn, which may he continued every night, for the fix ; on the feventh or eigtht morning ^the Purging Ball will be repeated; after which is fet, the powders are to be continued for fix nights as before. The third dofe of phyfic, and a far- ther repetition of the powders becoming abfolutely dependent upon the neceflity of their ufe, and that necefftty to be con- fidered and determined upon, by either the Master or the Groom, whoever j6 G RE A S E. luckily poffeffes the power ofcontroul,— a matter that is much to be regretted in the prefent aera of polite refinement does not always attach itfelf to the privilege of the former. A very advanced and long neglected cafe of this kind, degenerates to, and. gradati- Onally difplays fymptoms of GREASE, Becoming the more inveterate and lefs likely to be curable, the longer it has been permitted to remain without a check. In all cafes of this kind or defcription, the" indications of cure are precifely the fame* as already recited, requiring only perfe- vering exertions in proportion to the ex- ;.■" ternal appearance and internal progrefs of * Only varying the Purging Balls for " Strong or mild Mercurial" according to the fize and ftrength of the horfe, and foftening the parts daily with campho- rated Spermacceti Ointment. CRACKS and SCRATCHES. 77 difeafe ; which in almoft every cafe of 'difficulty has aflumed the complexion of feverity from a degree of neglect in the firft instance, or an expectation of miracles in the fecond, where the parties concerned who (not adverting to the effects of Me- dicine, or the operations of nature) grow impatient in their expectations, and relax in their endeavours at the very moment that power and perfeverance fhould jointly accumulate to eradicate the foundation of difeafe. CRACKS and SCRATCHES, Are subjects upon' the management of which very little need be introduced ; they are generally much more the effect of in- dolence in the Groom, (by leaving them wet and dirty in cold or frofty weather) than any tendency to humours, or difeafe in the horfe. As they are universally al- lowed to be engendered by inattention, they fhould be as cautioufly counteracted by a H 78 CRACKS and SCRATCHES. ftrenuous exertion of indefatigable induftry. Cleanlinefs in the extreme is the leading ftep to fuccefs, therefore wafhing clean with a fponge, foftened in a warm gela- tinous gruel, wiping gently dry with a pliable linen cloth, and laftly meliorating all the lacerated parts with a fuperficial impregnation of Camphorated Sperm a- cceti Ointment, feldom or ever fail to effect a Speedy obliteration. But fhould any fwelling of the legs, any foetid ichorous difcharge from the cracks, or callous appearance of the edges difplay evident figns of even probable feverity, it will be better to anticipate the poflibility of compulfion, by adopting tl>e ufe of a half a dozen Mild Diuretics, and the fame number of Alterative Powders, in the way already- defcribed ; upon ' which fuch ..reliance may be made, as with proper,care and attention will not open the door of de- ception and difappointment, T H R U S H. 79 T H R U S H, Is frequently the caufe of much trouble and difquietude, becoming like many other defects we treat' of a matter of more or lefs concern, according to its progrefs, and permanence, if not judicioufly obferved, and properly counteracted in its infancy, before the Frog becomes multilated by the corrofive property and acrimonious foetidity of the difcharge; which varying in different fubjects, according to the grofsnefs of the fubject, or the peculiar conformation of the foot, renders it a matter of inconvenience and vexation, in proportion to the destructi- on of a part to which the mind fo naturally ad- verts, as the feat and safety of action. In all flight and fuperficial cafes it is a matter of but little confequence, and eaflly remedied by proper ftable care and atten- tion ; but when by neglect it has been fuf- fered to corrode and perforate the frog, i: 80 THRUSH \r frequently generates into an habitual per* manence, and alleviation is all that can be expected. This is the cafe too in a variety of iftftanees where the defect is inveterately |> hereditary, and abfolutely tranfmitted from fire or dam; in both which cafes the mouths of the deep feated veffels continue to get more putrefied by the foetid and cor- 50V rofive property of the matter difcharged, and acquire a callofity that from its remote fituation from the furface, it is impoflible to effect by any external application, without evident injury to the parts that fur round the feat of difeafe. SpirituousStyptics and Vitriolic In- jlctions have been recommended by for- mer writers, and are beyond a doubt fre- quently brought into life, particularly by thofe honeft induftrious fervants, whowifh - -to effectually hide from their Masters the fruits of their previous care and unremitting attention. The practice however is replete with danger, and ought to be carefully THRUSH. 8"? avoided; for certain it is, to this mode of treatment we are indebted for the number of bad eyed horfes we fee in and round the Metropolis, which cannot create momentary furprize, when we recollect, that fertile /pot abounds more in Quackery and its Profeffors, than every other part of thp- Kingdom. Nature in this bufinefs may Defoliated; but fhe will not be driven-, rational and Ample methods are therefore the moft likely to be productive of fuccefs. Cleanliness in this particular inftance is the very fheet anchor of hope ; from which consideration arifes the indifpenflble neceflity of extract- ing every kind of extraneous fubftance after work of exercife, by means of water mildly warm, and a water brufh (in pre- ference to the injurious introduction of the picker) as the infinuatbn and recention of dirt, find, or gravel, are always to be- dreaded as enemies that irritate and en create the caufe of d:f::ife. H 2. 82 THRUSH. After the horfe is completely drested, and the frog perfectly dry from the effect of the wafhing, two or three tea fpoons- full of Tincture of Myrrh maybe poured upon the part, and the foot held up till a fufficiency is abforbed into the feat of injury; where it is not intended to act as a repellent, or to divert the difcharge to other channels, but to ftimulate the mouths of the veffels, that by fuch irritation they may be encou- raged to throw off the load of offenfive mat- ter with which they have been overcharged; thereby cleanfing the interstices of the pu- trid filth that continues to corrode, con- stituting fuch feparation of parts as may tend to obliterate the old and promote the growth of new. Altho' this fubject may not in general be thought of sufficient magnitude to justify farther animadverfion, yet it becomes in fome degree neceflary to add, that where fuch cafes (as it frequently happens) have been permitted to reach fuch advanced ftage as may bear the appearance of non~ THRUSH. \ fubmiffion—»where the cleft or aperture in the centre of the frog gets worfe inftead of better—the difcharge increasingly offenflve and the heel contracted in confequence—it affords every reafon to believe the juices are vitiated, and. require internal counter- action. However it may be believed that in re- cent or flight cafes, a few Diuretic Balls may have been adequate to expectation in their effect; yet in thofe of confirmed ob- ftinacy, there can be no doubt but two or three dofes of Mild Mercurial Phyfic fhould have the preference, as a fyftematic prelude to fuch courfe of Alteratives, , as may constitute a falutary change in the property of the blood. Having defcended to fuch minutise as the • preceding heads feemed to demand, we confequently return to the proper manage- ment of Swelled Lecs already defcribed, when becoming the concomitants of an emaciated frame, and evidently arifing $4 THRUSH. from a laxity of the folids and an impover- ished ftate of the blood. Thefe, as they are derived from a very different caufe, fo they require a very different mode of treat- ment from thofe originated in a vifcidity of the blood, and confequent ftagnation of the flu'ds, the particulars of which have been clearly entered into under their distinct* heads. The leading objects here are to invigorate the fyftem, to enliven the circulation, and restore the folids to their original elafticity. That this may be done with conliftency, and to afcertain to a certainty, every idea of parflmonious precaution muft be fuper- feded by the undifguifed hand of diftinguifh- ino- liberality; a conftant and judicious fup- ply of the beft and moft nutritious aliment, will almoft pre elude the officious interpofltion of Medicine. Nightly mafhes of two thirds ground malt and one of fine pollard,—foft water in fmall quantities three • or four times a day, HIDEBOUND, &c. 85 followed up by fimilar fupplies of nice fra- grant hay,—good found oats morning and noon,—regular exercife, (but that gentle and rather under than over the horfe's strength,) ,with patient leg rubbing at every opportunity to aflift in restoring the veffels to their proper tone with a Cordial Ball every other morning for fix, will, beyond a doubt, or the fear of difappointment, fooa promote the object to a ftate of the most PERFECT condition. Upon the fubject of Acrimony in the blood, to prevent a renewal of it in a. different part of the work, we may conti- nue to obferve, that there are other diforders arife from its uncontrolled continuance, as. HIDEBOUND, SURFEIT, And MANGE, They are all of the fame family, and in a. Stf HIDEBOUND, &c. great degree dependent upon each other, as ^ may be readily conceived by giving the matter a concife elucidation. it The Blood acquiring a certain difpro- ffertion of acrimonious ferum, by the means of Jhort and bad ailment, as. already cx- f:->. plained; we are not erroneous in ftating, that the longer it continues - in the habit, r* without counteraction, the greater must be \ its effect in vitiating the original purity of the blood. Its power becomes confequently p- progreflive, in direct conformity with the iX gradational fliades of difeafe, as bad— 1 very bad—worse—worst," promulgated * ih the earlier pages of remarks, and may in the prefent inftance be thus comprehended. A horfe faid to be hidebound, hasanun- ji common contracted tightness, and want of \ healthy pliability in the fkin, which felt on either fide, feems clofely adhering to, and almoft infeparable from the ribs; the >■ coat is alternately frr.ooth and ftaring in patches, and looking at' it in fome directions HIDEBOUND, &c. 87 it appears of different hues; the fubject bearing the appearance of unmerited po- verty, and by the ufual hollownefs of the eyes and dejection of fpirits, difplays evident figns of internal difquietude. Great part of the former fyftem prudently appertains to this,—Bleeding in a moderate proportion is premifed as the unavoidable prelude to altering the property of what remains; by changing the quantity, we gain one point towards altering the qua- lity. Mafhes of the nutritive and com- fortable kind follow of courfe; thofe men- tioned in the preceeding article, or in their stead if inconvenient, or hard to obtain, equal parts of Oats and Bran may be ufed, with fix ounces or half a pound of Honey in each : great exertions being made in regular dreflings, to aflift the circulation and open the pores for the tranfpiration of infenfibjc perforation. The above appearance long neglected, asTumes a different afpect difplaying fome - 4 88 HIDEBOUND, &c. of thofe cutaneous eruptions, or partial loffes of hair, that are diftinguiflied by the appellation of Surfeit; to go largely into the inveftigation of which, would very far • exceed the limits allotted to this fubject, in a work contracted to a fpace for univerfal convenience. It muft therefore fuffice to fay, like many other diforders, it varies in different objects, acting with more feverity upon the habit of fome than of others; the pustules, the irritation, and little lace- rations increasing with the length of time it has been lurking in the frame, which' progreflion of fhades gives it to many the appearance of different diforders, tho' they are in fact only more prominent and ad- vanced features of the fame difeafe. However the complexion may vary, the . mode of cure is directly the fame, it may ] be rendered complete by the leading traits just mentioned, throwing, an Alterative Powder into the corn in the morning, .and the mafh at night for ten days or a fort- night ; wafhing the lacerated parts, or H I D E B O U N D, &c. 89 puftules, every day with the following lotion :—Take, A- Oil of Tartar per deliquUm, fix ounces, Soft water, two ounces.—Mix and keep >■< flopped. Should the diforder have gained fo much ., ground as to hold forth a probability of \j permanence, it will be right to continue the \\ fyftem of invigoration, 'till the fubject is enough above the line of mediocrity to bear ivacuants previous to his being put into work or strong exercife. In which ca fe, two or three dofes of the Mild Mercurial phyfic if a flight or blood horfe, or the Strong Mercurial if a draft or heavy . horfe, had better be brought into ufe, than encounter the chance of farther difquietude. And this is a matter the more worthy at- tention when a previous remark is recon- fidered "that the ldnger fuch acrimony remains unchecked in the habit, the more fevere muft be its effects.'' I 9b HIDEBOUND, &c. Ift conformity with the confiftency of. this idea there cannot be the leaft doubt, v. but a cutaneous eruption, rJafling under the appellation of Surfeit, (or in fact any other * denomination) will, from its in- creasing power in every advanced stage, ^ become doubly defjtructive in its progrefs, and foon degenerate into fuch general itate of external morbidity,—-excoriation or lofs J. of hair, as is confidered a rank and inveterate Mange, however it may be differently k." named by different practitioners, in com- pliment to the fenfations of their employ- ers ; fome of whom perhaps may with dif- ficulty reconcile it to their own ideas of liberality, to have fo degrading a diforder * appear upon the premifes. As it has been before obferved, and will no doubt stand generally admitted, .that thefe gradational fhades of difeafe are all collateral branches of the fame family, fo it may be reafonably inferred, that the Mange is, (Death excepted) the very ne plus ultra of Poverty ; and as it feldom HIDEBOUND,^. 91 happens but to fubjects of the moft trifling value, fo it is natural to conclude, very little expense indeed is encountered, or at- tention beftuwed upon fuch oceaflons. Conceiving however that much explana- tory matter, and satisfactory information r.nw be derived from . the preceding stages ■ and their annexed mode of treatment; it remains only to render fuch, additional af- fiftance as may prove proportionally pow- erful to counteract the fame fpecies of dif- eafe when advanced to fo great a degree of inveteracy. Total extirpation cannot be expected by the ufe of internals only, where the integument has acquired a rigid callo- sity by the acrimonious irritation. To obtund the former and allay the latter, are the leading steps to early obliteration. To effect both,—Take Antimony, finely powdered, twelve ounces, Sulphur, eight ounces, I 92 H I D E B O U N D, &c. Cream of Tartar, four ounces. Mix well together, and divide into twelve papers of two ounces each ; of thefe let one be given in the feeds of corn, (or ^ mafhes) every night and morning. m During which courfe of alteratives, .. -let every part of the frame, where there is the leaft appearance ot eruption or ex- coriation, be patiently, and plentifully ^' rubbed with a proper portion of the fol- lowing unguent every other day.—Take $ Sulphur Vivum, fix ounces, White Helebore Powder, four ounces,. Black Pepper p-jwcYred fine, two ounces, [ Stir thefe into twenty ounces of I log's '- Lard, - melted, but barely warm j and '** before its is quite cold, add Oil of Tartar, per deliquum, four ounces, and let it -be kept tied over with a bladder for ufe. Thefe means are sufficient to cure this difeafe without the leaft collateral aid and PURGING. 93'\ are calculated for thofe who wiih to avoid expence, and to' extend it only in pro- portion to the value of the object con- & cerned ; it is therefore neceflary to obferve, trmt where the fubject is of considerable value, and a wifli is entertained to hazard * js the lefs probability of a relapfe, by altering the property of the Blood, when the . horfe has acquired a renewal of strength and vigour, no good reafon can be advanced against a courfe of gentle Mercurial phyfic, with the neceflary care and attention fo fre- quently mentioned. PURGING. The unavoidable ncceflity for occasionally recommending this important operation, in fuch a variety of cafes as will conftantly occur, is alone fufficient to demonstrate the propriety of its utilitv, its effect, and its danger being perfectly understood. As there are many who piqueing them- I ' 2. ■ ' 1 jf 94 PURGING. V felves upon a cynical fuperiority, an affected' cunning, or inflexible obstinacy, confidently tell you, " they never phyfic their horfes, and yet they are always well" fo there is another happy collection, who falling into - !»•■ the fame opinion, are (to constitute the contrast) equally unfortunate, by a fuc- k;'- 2 ceflion of ill luck, in hardly • ever having a. found or healthy horfe in poffeflion; while •>v we well know the permament advantages derived from the practice, by thofe who i cleanfe their horfes at proper feafons with . care and confiftency, insuring to-themfelves *'** the confolation, in return for a little extra expence and trouble, of ftables in a ftate of unsullied perfection. Altho'fcientific investigation and tedious difquifition was - originally intended to take as little room as circumftances would ad- mit, yet it is impofiible to pafs over this very material article, without affording it every experimental remark, every practical occurrence, and every medical minutiae. that can at all tend. to fuch general elucU ITS PROPRIETY. ni- dation, as may render it more universally acceptable. To reconcile jarring opinions., to en- counter opposite principles, and to eftablifh incontrovertible proofs of its falutary effects (either as a preventative or cure,) may perhaps make the fubject: feem long and' uninterefting to thofe, who already in, pof- ftflion of reason and truth, ftand not in need of conviction ; but when it is taken into the fcale of confideration, how very fmall a portion of the multitude fuch en- lightened lift contains, no farther apology need be offered for going an explanatory length into the magnitude of the fubject. ThcTuperficial comprehension of purcing in general, goes no farther than a mere re-* pttitional difcharge from the inteiiinal accumulation, without adverting to all the confequences of its latent effects upon the fyitem at large ; or a relative confideration to its more remote influence upon thofe -parts that are but little fuppofed to be at all «•■ m $6 PURGING, affected by the operation. To bring this loofe idea a few degrees nearer to every comprehension, is the entire bufinefs of this inveftigation which may with very little application be univerfally understood. Without a practical knowledge of the anatomical structure it maybe readily con-' ceived, that the internal coat of the fto^ t mach is fo plentifully fupplied with nervous. ramifications, that it becomes a joint and ferious feat of irritability, evidently de- pendent in action uppn whatever may be taken cr forced into its vacuum, either as FOOD Or PHYSIC Exclusive therefore of the acting stimulus. of Cathartic Medicines upon the extreme fenfibility of the nervous fyftcm, thus dif- perfed by collateral branches through every part of the frame, they act alfo by irri- tation upon the mouths of the lymphatics,, exciting a proportional regurgitation of their contents into the intestinal canal, fo Jong as the ftimulative property of the me-- ITS PROPRIETY. 97 dicine may have power to act j during which, lome abfortion of lymph and regur--: gitation of chyle intermixes with and is car- ried off by the excrenfjltitious difchar^s. Were the obstinate, or incredulous, at all difpofed to argue the propriety of, or indeed the necessity for occasionally purging horfes, either for the preser- vation of HEALTH, PREVENTION of DISEASE, Or PROMOTION of CONDITION, fuch facts fhall be stated toprove its utility as muft inevitably fet the moft fubtile difputant at defiance. To critical ob- fervers it may have often happened (in the accumulating occurrences at the Recep- tacle it conftantly dees,) that a horfe fhall during the operation of his phyfic, continue to b'e loofe in his excrements for five or /:; hour-, that the evacuation fhall then have refumed its original firmnefs, the horfe fhall dung twice or thrice as folic! zs in his ufual habit, (when no medicine whatever had been adminiftered) that the ;jgj8/._ PURGING, laxatlifcil fhould then return and the phyfic continue to operate 'till its termination, as tho' no obstruction or variation had. taken place during it^ntire operation. Had this been only a single inftance in practice, it might not have been thought entitled to attention; but as it is a cir- cumstance that for —frequently occurs, it leaves no room for conjecture, on the contrary amply demonstrates a fact,—• That balls of -indurated excrement form in the intestines, where (being permitted to remain too long without folution) they by their cruftancous concretion conftitutc a- mafs, distending the inteitine beyond its elasticity, when inflammatory cholic, and mortification prefently enfues; affording a powerful reafon why fo many of thofe very horfes' (draft in particular) are car- ried off in the most excruciating agonies, who are well known never to have had a dofe of phyfic, tho' for years they may have been fubfifted upon the ccarfeft and CASE. - ' 99 moft unwhokfome food that could poflibly be obtained. That this reprefeafeation may however be extended beyond the idea of theory, or! the accusation of professional hypothesis, the reafbning must- be ftipported by the in- troduction of indifputable authority. CA S E. Some time fince a valuable coach horfe, the property of the Rev. Mr. D--------- near Wooburn in Bedfordshire, was ob- ferved to lay extended in the pafture (where he was turned out for fome hours every day) in a ftate of feeming infen- fibility; upon being roufed no indications or predominant fymptoms of pain ap- peared but when left he almoft immedi- ately refumed his former fituation. After patiently waiting for fome hours and per- ceiving no difpofition to action, he was got 100 J^ C "A S E. up and removed to the ftable, where he foon became attacked with excruciating painl, which afforded intervals of eafe and afsumed a periodical appearance. He declined food almoft entirely for the iirft few days', drank-but little, was obferved to void00 excrement, and to ftale. but in very fmall quantities. The pains fre- quently returning with increafed feverity, raking,-"glyftering and the whole fyftenf: of village praftice was brought into ufe and persevered in 'till the rectum was an entire vacuum, -The fubject feemed re- lieved from' violent pain, but totally ,re- fuferJ both food and water. Nature was now fupported by the efforts of art, in drinks of broth, gruel, ale, &c. that', a ^ neighbouring fuperintendent from his Grace j of Bis had judicioufly adopted as moft appli- cable to prefent appearances. In this ftate of the cafe, when the Horfe, had evacuated no excrement for three weeks and five days, a letter arrived from , CASE. 101 Mr. D. requesting my advice and Medical interposition upon the occafion; when a parcel was difpatched by one of the long ftages, "Carriage Paid," with a hope they would come to hand the fooner, without an obstacle, and afford fome mitigation. This it unfortunately .proved could not have happened t had they been 'delivered ; the fact is they were totally loft, and the fub- ject dying a few days after, the body was opened, when the intestines were found violently distended, and that part nearest the rectum plugged up with a ball, that when taken out weighed two pounds three ounces; the intestines were overloaded with more than a large barrow full of ex- crement, totally prevented from pailing into the rectum by the obstruction the ball had occafloned. The ball was in- cruftatedwith a fubftance like ftone^, and appeared within when feparated like had dry dung; which was manifeftiy the basis of concretion, and ultimate caufe of his death. This might undoubtedly have been prevented by a little more attention K iQ2 ffc AS E. to occasional evacuation ; r.s evidently ne- i ceffary in the animal world as in the human species. Having introduced one only of the many forcible arguments that might be adduced to demonitrate the abfolute neceflity for Purging (if health and condition are ob- jects of importance) ; the next confider- ation is to adapt the strength of your Me- dicine to the fize, ftate, flefli, age, pro- mifed perfection, or prefent foulnefs of the horfe. For inftance, to a flight cr de- licate blood horfe the " *Mild Purging Ball," will befuificient; to a ftout roadfter or carriage horfe the " Strong" may be given ; to a horfe flightly affected with foulnefs, fulnefs of the legs, heavinefs in the eyes, cracked heels or threat'nlng | Greafe, either the "Mild or Strong '.Mer- curial Purging Balls" may be given, making your choice by the fize and strength of your horfe, as juft defcribedj * * See Conclufion, CASE. 103 in the ufe of the Mild or Strong Purging: where they are brought in only as eva- . cu'an-tk to prevent difeafe, and not as in the cafe of M.-curials, with a curative in- tention. "Cordial Rhubarb Purging" is proper for horfes of strength and fize, but a: the fane time of a delicate constitution; and the " Purging Balls for worms," it will be found impossible to take into ufe without the defired effect. Admitting the necefiky of occaflonal evacuations to be promoted by the means already defcribed, it becomes directly in print to ftate the danger to "which the animal h expofed by a want of proper care and attention during the operation. To a palpable want of this, as well as to the innate indolence, invincible obftinacy, or malicious neglect of thofe worthy indus- trious fervants and faithful dependents, to whom the superintendence of fuch valu- able objects is fo conftantly and unavoidably intruded ; in corroboration of, and the more to enforce the abfolute and indif- pcnfible necefiity for a ft rid obfer vance of 104 C A S E, the rules I fhall hereafter lay down 'under this head, (and which in twenty years practice I have never known productive of ill,) I muft claim permiffion to introduce two (of many) cafes that have recently occurred in practice, as warnings to grooms and fervants in general, to avoid that rock of inattention and careleffnefs, by which fo f many valuable hories in Phyfic have been difpatched to the hounds. CASE. Some tifiie fince 1 was called to give an opinion in-the neighbourhood of High- gate, upon the ftate of a horfe then la- boring under excruciating inteftinalfpafms, the last effects of a Purging Ball, (admini- .ftered three days before) prepared at a Druo-gift'sin the City, and from a written prefcription fent tothefhop. "?n the courfe of a very accurate invefti- . gation, (if the information given by the Servants in queftion was authentic, and C A Sf E. 105 might be relied on, which by the bye, is in all cafes of the kind exceedingly dadtfid,) the phyPc had operand fir beyond the line of confiftency ; aid exdu.ive of the conic- que.ntiy increafe I fthnnlus tha: excited in- c.Teffcual strainings, (when the inteftinal canal was effectually chared) had beyond, a doubt v;iped away the very mucus that was fa evidently intended as a guard to tkt in- ternal coat oi the intestines. In fuch ftate it would be difficult to de- ckle, whether thj imprudence of fervants, (by an admhriftration of the frigid element !:om the pump, or the adrnhYion of a cur- rent oi external air in th- then relaxed ftate of the whole lyftem, migh: not fuddenly colhpfe all the cutaneous p iffages, and throw the p~rfpi:;.tive matter (thus obftruited,) ir.ftant8 CAS E. Street j 0:1 the other hind the ball for the mare in queftion was prepared from a prefcription taken to a fhop of n ^finall ap- pearance, not an hundred miles from either Great-Queen-Street, or St. Martin's L:\ne. Whether (as the prefcription was taken from a book, and contained one drachm of Calomel) any mistake had happened by the introduction of Corrcfive Sublimate, inftead of Calomel, where the ball was'-*. prepared; or thnt the effect had been pro- duced by the fnaineful neglect and inatg; t-iS.'on refpecting cold water, ctf the expo- fure to damp and cbllliag air, it v.nil never (from the fclf-fumciency cf the pai ties and their invincible avtrficn to reform) be possible to afcertain. Suffice it to fay, that from the length and increafin^-strength cf the convulsive paroxyfms (during which in a fecmingly flight exertion, flie fraftured the Helper's arm), it was tiiou.ht prudent to put an end to her mifery, then* not ap- pearing the moft diftant- hope cf lier case! 109 recovery. Thefe loffes, fevere as they are to individuals, open a flattering field of in- formation to the world at large, who are eventually interested in whatever may be communicated from indifputable authority for the general good, A great variety of similar cafes are per- fectly within recollection, but the infertion of thefe only are fuflicient to demonstrate the danger of fubmitting fo ferious an operation to the effecl of chance ; as well as to refcue from ignorance, illiteracy, and incredible obstinacy, an animal, that it is anxiouQy to be hoped is, under the prefent predominance of modern refine- ment and fyftematic inveftigation, be- coming gradually poffeffed of the attention and tendernefs he has 'been for ages equally entitled to. • 4. That- a fubject of fo much importance may receive every ray of improvement from the advantages of experimental prao lip INSTRUCTIONS tor PURGING. tice, it he.? been thought prudent t) in- troduce fuch circumftances as are pro- ductive of danger ; and hiving fo done, it becomes equally applicable to hold out the means moft likely to avoid it; by mi- nutely reciting jflich inftructions for the treatment of horses in physic, as, (under the famftionof unfiiilied fuccefs) is entitled tO PUBLIC APPROBATION. INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. The day of adminiftering the ball'hav- ing been determined on, let the horfe have two mashes the preceeding day (at noon and night), of sweet bran and clean oats, equal parts, upon which pour boiling water and stir them well together, letting the compofition ftand 'till of a very flight warmth, before it is placed in the manger; as by being; offered too hot, fome horfes arc t alarmed at the fumes;, or fcald themfelves by attempting it too eagerly, r.vi ever after become averfc to maflies in any ftate whatever. INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING ui On the following morning early, let the ball be given in the manner now defcribed,.' avoiding the ufe of that absurd, ridiculous, and cruel invention the w balling iron," calculated only to lacerate the parts and render the horfe fhy about the head and mouth upen every future occafion. Let the Groom or Servant who moft conftantly attends the horfe (and to whom he is of courfe beft known), flip the firtgers of his left hand into the off fide of the horfe's mouth, and taking gently hold of the horfe's tongue, draw it out on that fide ; when, affifting a little with the other hand to get a firmer grafp, the mouth is kept as desirably and fafely open, a? if the balling iron 'a as abfolutely in ufe. The operator having previoufly placed the ball in his right hand waistcoat pocket, now takes it into that hand, and fur- rounding it with his fingers and thumb in a conical form, conveys it (with a proper degree of resolution) to the very root 112 INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. of the tongue, where with a little exertion of the fingers, in propelling the ball/it pants the curve at the entrance of the Gullet j when withdrawing his right hand, inftantly letting go the tongue with his left" (and placing it under the jaws fo as to lift up the head) he fees the ball pafs without encoun- tering the leaft difficulty. This done, give him a couple of quarts of foft water to take off the naufea, put on an additional fheet, throw a handful of fweet picked hay into his rack, let him have a good leg rubbing for a quarter of an hour then fhake up his litter and leave him undisturbed for three or four hours; At which time make your mafh as on the preceding evening, and when cool enough go to ftable. After fettling the litter, rubbing his leg and flank again for a few minutes, and wiping the manger exceed- ingly clean, (always taking away any mafh that may have been left or refufed) offer the mafh, which leaving before him, fhut INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. 113 ^ up again for four hours; when you again go through the former ceremony of " fetting fair," give about fix quarts of foft water with the chill taken off (but not enough .for fumes to arife), after which, fliake into the rack a- 'few handfuls of hay well picked and fhaken, locking up as before. From the great length of the inteftinal canal, phyfic is in general full or near twenty hours before it operates; this is not - however by any means an invariable rule, for it in a great degree depends upon the constitution of the horfe and the ftate of his body. For this reafon, after the firft twelve hours, it becomes the more ne- ceffary to attend frequently to. the ftable, and obferve the progrefs. Some horfes •bear purging with much' more courage than others, many feel the regurgitating naufea and aloetic-eructations to a certain degree of difquietude, lofs of apetite, and loathing of water, neither eating nor drink- L n4 INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. ing fatisfactory during the operation; ' while others eat mash, corn, and hay, as well as drink water warm or cold, with the greatest avidity fo foon or often as it is pla- ced before them. This is to be considered an almoft inva- riable proof of strong constitutional stamina, and fuch horfes will bear apow- erful courfe of three dofes, (fhould their foulnefs or infirmities render it neceflary,) better than thofe of a delicate habit or weak conftitution, will throw off two of a much more moderate proportion. It fhould be held in memory that care muft be taken fo foon as your ball is given, to exclude the admiffion of external-air; by any particular door or window, as well as to stop any cre- vices in the ftable with feparated hay-bands, by way of preferving an equal degree of temperature and preventing any chilling air that may infinuate itfelf from obfcure or indirect openings. INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. 115 '* * k§ It will be naturally obferved from the w' remarks juft now introduced, that as the phyfic operates much fooner and more *fc powerfully "With fome horfes than with others, it is the more neceflary to be parti- cularly attentive at the critical time alluded to, and to fupply the fubject with drink and ^ maflies, not only in fmall quantities, but 'j in direct conformity with the inclination and difpofition you obferve him difplay. * At any rate it will be highly proper (and by^ ^ no means to be omitted) that he is attended to the very left thing that night; and pro- portionally early in the morning ; when the teremony of the proceeding day is to be re- peated, with the addition of frequent sup- plies of water, given in the ftate before defcribed, and mafhes at the ufual hour of feeding with corn, when the horfe is not in a courfe of phyfic* ' 'I i If the fcafon is warm, the weather dry, ! and the days long, he may be led out three • times in the day, about a quarter of an hour or twenty mimites at each time, u6 INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. . (having a hood and an additional fheet more always out of the ftable than in-,) on the contrary, fhould the feafon be cold, the weather wet or damp, and the days fliort, twice for a quarter of an hour each time will be fufficient, as a horfe frequently gets languid and debilitated under flight ex- ercife in phyfic. Exercise in moderation, with a strict attention to circumftances, is T>rodu£tive of this convenience, it expedi- tioufly afiifts in promoting the folution of, and carrying off the load of fceces that may have been a long time accumulating and become proportionally indurated in the intestines ; which is ftill more aflifted by driving him three or four quarts of water before bringing him out of ftable, a matter of no fmall confequence, as it ex- pedites the operation, and prevents its being* protracted for two or three days, a circumflunce that fometimes happens, parti- cularly when a fucceflion of wet weather prevents ever}' pofiibility of motion abroad. INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING, i r7 ||| In fuch difappointments, the only fub- ftitute is, to wifp the head, neck, and bre'aft well in the ftable thrice a day, turning up the body cloths upon the back, (without 4 taking off the roller and stripping the carcafe,) working well at the flank, belly, and kidd quarters, moving him by fo doing M from fide to fide in the stall, and finifhing -€ each time with good leg rubbing as before Jj directed ; which will not only prevent a {, tardiness in the circulation, but bring the ftagnant fluids into a ft-.ite of fluctuation to bethe more readily carried off by the forced- evacuations. i In about thirty, or fix and thirty hours' in fome, from the beginning of the opera- tion, the phyfic begins to fet„ (that is, the { excrements begin to acquire their original f >rr< and confluence) nor c.ui it be fup- pofed to have effected the purpofe for which it was given unitfs it has kept the body perfectly lax for fuch length of time,. ti.Tuti^h there are not wanting mfiixc-s ot L z 118 INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. the operations continuing full two days and Wj, twonights, without any ill confequence, or even the appearance of debilitation, where the nutriment taken has been proportion- ally adequate to the continuance of the l*/ discharge. P ■ I This is a circumftance not altogether dependent upon the strength of the me- {y dicine, (to which it would undoubtedly be ■* attributed,) but might proceed merely from the accumulation of excrement, having become acrimonious by long reten- tion in the intestines. In situations of this kind, whether caufed by what is premifed, V or the natural weak constitutions of the horfe, it will be advifeable to give one of the Cordial Balls each morning, for three in fucceflion, to invigorate the fyftem ■i andreftoreby warm and gentle ftimulation the tone of both ftomach and intestines. To ^ A. v horfes of this defcription, two dofes of i phyfic will be always sufficient ■, for how- ever foul or defective they may be, it ntuft INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING 119 ; certainly be much better to effect obliter- ation by a mort courfe of alterative* & after the two dofes than to hazard the chance of weakening the frame too much by the rafh interposition of a third. To the judgement and difcrimination of the Owner, Groom, or Medical fuperin- 4 tendent it muft be fubmitted, at what j diftance of time to repeat the dofes, (whe- ther two or three are given) haying the following criterion in mind to decide by. However moderate the operation may have been in the preceding dofe, a fecond muft never be given hi lefs than ftx clear days from the complete fetting of the dofe that has gone before ; which fix days muft be protracted to seven, eight, or nine,.ac- cording to the mildnefs or feverity of the previous operation : adding to, or dimi- nifliing the dofe, as the ftate of strength, conftitution, or difeafe of the fubject may require. Between the dofes, exercife is an article of too much consequence e to be neglected sfao INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING, when the weather will permit ; fhould Which be fevere in either rain, froft or' fnow, the deficiency muft be compenfated for by extra dressings in the ftable. This exercife fhould be exceedingly gentle for the first ten days after the laft dofe, (as well as between the former) and may upon the whole be properly regulated .by the follow- ing ftandard. For each of the two firft days after the phyfic is completely fet, and the , excrements become firm, half an hour's walking exercife will be fufficient, with fubftantial dressing and proportional leg- rubbing in the ftable. The third and fourth . day (with-good weather) may be extended-" to one hour ; the jJib and fixth to one houf •■ and an half; the feverdh and eighth to two ■ hours. About, the tenth day he may go into a fhort, moderate, and eafy canter, which may be gradually increafed every day ; when at the end of three week':, he may in mild and gentle exertion?, appear with the hounds, and undergo a burst or two (provided he is not dillreft) . with ACUTE DISEASES. 121 harriers or fox hounds ; but it will be im- prudent to take him to ftag hounds, with a good running deer, in lefs than a month after he is out of his phyfic. Having laid down fuch invariable rules as become unavoidably neceffary to go through a courfe of phyfic with fafety, a few additional marks fhould be invari- ably retained in memory ; that during the operation a horfe fhould never be* moved out of the ftable/// rain; stripped of his cloathing from the time of giving the ball to the fetting of the phyfic; or expofed to a cold and damp air by any means whatever. ♦Either of thefe by a fudden collapfion of the porous fyitem, may not only lay the foundation of difeafes in which the eyes, lungs or circulation may become dan- geroufly affected, but of unforefeen and un- expected calamities, terminating in the way already defcribed in the cafes previoufly in- troduced. X22 ACUTE DISEASES. GRIPES and FRET Are in general conception received and considered as one and the fame diforder.— The fact however is not fo, for altho' they are in external appearance nearly the fame, the original caufes are very differ- ently to be defined. Thefe dllbrders are of two" distinct kinds, the former proceed*^ from an accumulation of excrement in the inteftinal canal, become indurated by timf, excitin^ pain in proportion to its retentions which continuing unrelieved produces in- flammation and not unfrequently mor- tification tnfues, fpeedily ending in DEATH.1 After the firft attack there is very rarely any ceffation of fymptoms, on the contrary they almoft invariably increafe, in propor- tion to the time they have continued with- out counteraction. The fubject is in fuch extreme agony that he becomes infenfible to every degree of danger, and totally dif- obedient even to thofe he is moft accuf- tomed to; he is alternatively up and dowr. ACUTE DISEASES. 123 rolling over from one fide to the other, beating his head and legs againft the ground, ftaH, or wall, and continues in fuch ftate of extravagant distortion as feems nearly allied to madnefs or convulsions. The wild fulnefs of his eyes, the pricking of his ears, the heaving of his flank, the involuntarily groanings and ftrainings to dung and ftale without effect, (in addition to the profufe fweat that the excruciating pain occafions,) are a collection of fymp- toms fufficient to demonstrate the fpecies of difeafe without a probability of being deceived, It iias been before obferved that the principal object of this work, is immediate relief, without the previous tafk of literary difquifitibn and fcientific investigation; to promote which without unneceffary delay, (and while the collateral means are in pre- paration,) let two or three incifions with the phleme be made in the fourth and fifth bars of the mouth, fo as to occafion a plen- tiful bleeding, which will not only con- 124 ACUTE DISEASES, • * tribute to a reduction of the general ftric- ture, but in its effect upon the internal paffages constitute a prelude to the relax- ation that is*to eufue. This cafe is one of thofe where the pro- bable extrication from impending danger depends entirely upon the expeditious mode of communicating alleviation; to take off the painful fpafms from the in- testines, by an immediate folution of their contents is the instantaneous object of con- fideration. This point muft, if poflible, be carried by an accumulation of the moft energetic efforts, without waiting hour after hour for the effect of any fingle admi- nistration. To promote this by every pof- fible means, let the following laxative glyfter be prepared, and thrown into the rectum without delay:—Take Thin Gruel, two quarts Common Salt, four ounces, Tincture of Jalap and of Senna, each one ounce, ACUTE DISEASES. 125 Olive Oil, a quarter of a pint; mix and give of a moderate warmth. During this operation let there be going on in preparation the following purgative drink, which may alfo be given with a horn, fo foon as the various circumftances and concurring difficulties will permit:—- Boil. Senna Leaves, one ounce and a half, Race Ginger and Carraway Seeds bruifed, each half an ounce with Cream of Tartar, oae ounce, in a pint of Water for a few minutes, in which diffolve Glau- ber Salts, fix ounces, then strain and add Tincture of Jalap, one ounce. To give the greater and more expe- ditious effect to thefe endeavours, as well as to keep the horfe ftanding, four perfons (two on each fide) fhould be employed in fevere and inceffant friction, on the back, fides, flank, under the belly, and between the fore legs, to keep him in fuch motion as may forward thewiflied for evacuations* M i26 ACUTE DISEASES. as well as to keep him from falling to the ground, or laying down, when a fcene of diftrefs inftantly enfues. fie may alfo be trotted occasionally in hand, an attendant following brifk with a whip to keep him in aclicn, a work of fome care and trouble, for if not strictly attended to he cannot be kept upon his legs. In fome cafes a fingle evacuation, or two, with plentiful staling, produces almost in- stantaneous relief, and leaves the fubject. ■ on labouring under fuch degree of fore- nefs and'laffitude as may be fuppofed to refult from the extremity of pain, and the feverity of bruifes that are fo frequently fuftained. It may therefore be readily con- cluded, that as relief can only be obtained , by perfeverance in a repetition of either or both the above, it is unneceffary, in con- pliance with custom, to introduce a long lift of alteratives, to embarrafs the mind and perplex the judgment; as however in fome places and'in fome fituations, the prefcriptions already introduced cannot be ACUTE DISEASES. 127, prepared, obtained, or adminiftered but with the greatest difficulty and delay, it may not be inapplicable to obferve (totally divefted of every idea of felf interest) that the '% Ball for "Gripes, in the lift of medicines at the conciufion, is the practice of the Author, where the fecond be.ll, at the ex- piration of one lour% has never (in more than an hundred instancy} been known ence to fail; of which the moft flattering and diftinguiflied teftimonies mighr; be adduced, did they ft arid in the leaft need o£ fuch recommendation to public estimation, Suppofinsc however relief to have been * obtained' by wldchi-ver mode may be «[t thought moft applicable or convenient the road to invigoration is ftifl the fame ; na- ture will be found to have considerably fuffered by the fhock, if the attack has been tinctured with feverity, warm and • nutritious aliment (fo foon as it can be , taken) will be therefore found welcome to the ftomach and intestines. A comfortable malh of malt, with juft bran fufncient to 123 ACUTE DISEASES.. difunite its clammy vifcidity, will most probably be taken with avidity ; this may be followed with fuch portion of thin gruel and of fuch warmth as the ftate or feverity ^ of the cafe may have feemed to justify. Admitting it to have been equally long and doubtful bordering upon dancer, the frame debilitate^ and the food refufed after iuhacientfime ^or rc^> ^omc m°de muft be adopted to stimulate the ftomach to action* L^r^snd none can be fo proper as a Cordial Ball, which may be repeated in fix or eight hours if the langour fhould continue un- fe.. relieved. As the cafe itfelf will have held Ji.-i forth fufficiev.r demonstration that the in- te nines have been "powerfully overloaded, ; and aa fuch. preternatural accumulation. - : muft moft probably have originated in an obftfuftion oflong ftanding, it is fubmitted to the confideration of every owner of a valuable horfe, as well every rational f. p.-rhitendrnt of a ftud, whether it is not always the moft fafe, at any rate moft a* ACUTE 'DISEASES. rua prudent, fo foon as a horfe has recovered his strength, to-put him under fuch courfe of gentle nhyfic as may at U-aft prevent the fear of a repetition.- The F R E Ty- Is alfo an acute and painful diforder, va-*- rying little from the former in its predomi- nant fymptons, carrying with it in every trait, an equal appearance of diftrefs and immediate danger ; to thofe who may ne- ver have Vvitr.effed it, it may be confidered one of the moft ■ awful and impreffive fights in the great volume of calamity. The Fret (which in ay with great propriety be termed the Fla:;dent Cuolic) is that fpecies of inteftinal- pair, occafioned by an1 accumulation, and retention of wind; this (in a constant fluctuation and effort for dif- charge)t:iftends the ftomach nne\ intestines beyond their original elafl.ic.ity, when com- ing into direct opposition with the c en trac- tive power ofdie abdominal' mufcies, pakie. is excited in a great, r or lefo degree, a c.rd-- M. 2, ijo ACUTE DISEASES. ing to the circumference and extenfion of the parts, the collection of confined air, and the proportional fpafms produced by its. effects. DiftresT-ng as a cafe of this kind is in it- felf, it is an additional mortification to be perfectly convinced, that nine times out of ten, it is occafloned 'more by the inexpe- rience of lads, or indifcretion of fervants, j than any other of the long lift of difeafes to*- :j which the horfe is incident. Practice and ' accurate obfervation sufficiently prove, that almoft every occurrence of the kind pro- ceeds frcm the previous and uncertain quantity of Water inconsiderately given, (or permitted to be taken) either when the fubject is exceedingly hot, and the blood in an increafed circulation, or after being kept a long time without food or water; when in either cafes it is generally known they will fwallow large quantities with the great- est avidity. Xo the major part of fuch cafes as I have ACUTE DISEASES. 13* been profefiionally called, fuflicient proof' has been adduced, that the diforder in its utmost feverity has occurred by the means already mentioned ; and the circumftaucer is recited, merely to have \t kept in memory, that fcenes of fo 'much trouble, diftrefs, and difquietude, are known to arife evi- dently more from inattention, and negleSl,, than the effect of chance. The Cholic of this kind comes on very fuddenly, and in general within an hour' after the water has been drank; and the diftincton may be in fome degree aflifted, by attending to the rumbling of the impri- foned air through the intestines for vent or difcharge. There is no gradual progression in this complaint from flight to fevere fymptoms, its appearance is moftily fudden and attack violent} the fubject becomes in s,reat mea- fure outrageous; he stamps, ftrikes his belly with his feet, looks wildly on either fide towards his hind parts, drops down uuex- pectly, rolls, groans, and rifes as fuddenly,. i3± ACUTE DISEASES. i V/hnn the'pain is excruciating, vihrations I of the whole frame are perceptible ; tD theft a iweat or clammy moisture fucceea's but not of long duration ■, a fevere and alarming rigor or fhieering follows the perfpiration, and if permitted to lie down, wdi, after the moft wonderful exertions,. [, •' extend■IiimfeIf as if life had left him. ;> The leading and principal ftep to bodily ■ fafety is to ke:p him upon his legs by the j affiftancc and wifping recommended under" ••J the laft head, that lie may be prevented' j from the very great danger of beating him- • I 1 felf to pieces when down ; a position which. 1 fometimes once taken, it is no tafy matter to extricate him from. The next confi- t ' deration muft be immediately regulated- -j by the eafe or difficulty of procuring the , articles moft applicable to the cafe in [■ q.ueftion. If the fituation is contiguous to' any Agent, where the annexed medicines- Lf are in circulation, let one of the Balls for Fret be given inftantar.eoufly, and re- \ ACUTE DISEASES. , 133 peated in one hour if fymptoms are not fufficiently fubdued ; they are already fo hi-.-h in estimation, and infallibly efficacious, that a long lift of certificates might be ad- duced, did circumftances render them at ill ncceffary to increafe their reputation. If however they fhould not be eafily at- tainable, and diftance fhould render a-more ■• extemporaneous remedy defirable, procure from the first shop the following commpni „■ articles with the utmost expedition, and prepare as follows:—Take Race Ginger, Carraway and Coriander Seeds, and Jamaica Pepper (called Allfpice),each one ounce, Bruifein a mortar, and boil in a pint and halt of Strong Beer for a few minutes j then (train and add of Brandy or Ge- neva, a quarter of a pint, and give with a horn of proper warmth, with- out delay. 134 ACUTE .DISEASES. In- Farm-Houfes, Villages, or remote fituations this will prove no inconfideral:k fubftitute for the more powerful medicines not then to be readily obtained; and may be repeated in an hour, or an hour and half if the-gloomy and diftrefling profpect is not proportionally dilpelled. After a repetition of either of the beforementioned remedkr., mould it fo unexpectedly happen, that alarming appearances have not fubfided, or. j that eafe has not been obtained by cxpitfion. of wind, or evacuation by ftool or urine, the mind muft then be turned to collateral and ftillmore efficacious aids. Persevere and conquer is the very life and fpirit of prac- . tice; fuccefs frequently depends upon ener- getic and uncelling exertion, under the in- fluence of which happy confo'ation, roRTi- ti:de and hope fhould ever fuperfede the dreary clouds ofdfpendency. Encourage the attendants by liberal and proper rewards to continue ■ their fielUn, with alternate motion fblEwcd by the ACUTE DISEASES/ i35 whip as before recommended ; have in pre- paration the clyster prefcribed, and let the drink laft mentioned be repeated, with the addition cf Liquid Laudanum, two table fpoonsful. Should this combination of en- deavours to relieve fail in effect, and the attendants begin to' flaken in ther per- severance, no fuch weaknefs muft be in- dulged. Liquor,---money,—felicitation,--- PERSONAL PRESENCE,--PERSONAL EXAM; PLC,' and PERSONAL EXERTION does WON- DERS J and fo*- every reader would acknow- ledge, had hefeen with the Author what wonders they have worked. At any rate the methods prefcribed muft be perlevered in without relaxation; no deviation need be adopted, a repetition only of each\s to be obferved, every] two hours at fartheft till relief is obtained. After which the fubject fhould be in- dulged with reft, undisturbed by frequent and unneceffary obtrufions, as well as oc- casionally afiifted by fuch invigorating food and little attentions as his ftate of latitude i3-6 ADUTE DISEASES. J may feem to require; all which are fo gc» nerally comprehended in the routine of ftable difcipline, that they ftand in need of but little enumeration. Majhes of ground Malt, or fcaldedBran and Oats, with the •addition of fix or eight ounces of Honey.— Well boiled gelatinous gruel, mixed with i foft water in preference to water alone are amongst the principal .considerations. Good warm cloathing and great friction in dreff- ing are not to be forgotten, they enliven the circulation, open the pores, give a pli- ability to the furface, and greatly tend to take off the ftlftnefs occasioned by the previ- ous struggling and painful exertions. As a confideration collaterally aftnexedl to either of the heads juft recited, it be*^ comes directly kin point to take a conciic ' •view of The STRANGURY; Or Suppression or Urine;. Which frequently becomes fymptorna- ACUTE DISEASE^. 137 tically attached to both, but is oftener oc- , cafiosied by the inflammatory than the flatulent cholic ; and when fo may « then be confideredtotally dependent upon the original, and will confequently submit to the means by which the caufe is fubdued. On the contrary, when it is a diforder within itfelf, fuch obstruction, total sup- pression, or difficulty of staling may arife from different caufes, as bruifes upon the ipine,or strains in the loins by carrying, or drawing too great a weight,—inflam- mation in the kidnies,—tumefaction or ul- * cerations there,—fpafms upon any of the particular parts neceflary to the fecretion or evacuation of urine,—inflammation of, or concretions in the neck, or ftone lodged s in the bladder itfelf. To afcertain the deli- cate difcrimination of which, fome degree of patience andjudgment muft be exerted. The predominant fymptoms of a fup- preflion of mine, are too palpably ftriking for even a young obferver to be miftakenj N 138 ACUTE DISEASES. the fubject is almoft inceffantly endeavour- ing to ftale, with frequent Jlraining and groaning without evacuation ; a few drops or dribbling is only perceptible, and that feems to come away with accute pain. Af- ter which he resumes his ufual position, but foon returns to the former attempt at staling without effect. It becomes un- avoidably neceflary to reprobate the practice of throwing into the frame loads of tur- pentine, and fuch other violent stimulants, as foon inflame the parts, and excite in the fubject additional agony; as they abfolutely increafe, by their exceffive property, the very caufe they are weakly or ignorantly in- tended to remove,, The primaiy fuggeftion is to take off stricture, reduce prefent, and prevent future inflammation by reducing the momentum of the blood. In fhort bleed largely with- out delay, fecond that effort by emollient internals, promoting the fecretion and eva- cuation of urine by very gentle stimulants and warm diuretics. A "Ball for the ACUTE DISEASES. 139 Strangury" ifitcanbe obtained with ex^ pedition, may be given either before or after Bleeding, according to the difficulty or delay in its being procured. If one of the advertifed balls cannot be obtained in the neighbourhood, adopt the following, which may be procured at any medical fliop in the country.—Take Caftile, Bristol, or Yellow Soap, two ounces, Nitre, one ounce, Ginger in powder and Camphire, each three drachms, Oil of Juniper, fifty drops. Divide into two Balls, and giving one im- mediately, let it be repeated in two or three hours at farthest, if the firft fhould not prove fufficiently fuccefsful. That not the leaft time may be loft, but alleviation obtained without unneceiTary de- lay, the following Glyfter fhould be thrown up by means of a bag and pipe prepared for the purpofe, all which might be going i4o ACUTE DISEASE. on at the fame time, to expedite the gene-" al intent of expeditious relief. GLYSTER. Take Gruel, of moderate confiftcnce, full three pints, Gum Arabic and Nitre, in powder, of each one ounce, Oil of Juniper, two drachms, Liquid Laudanum, half an ounce, Olive Oil, a quarter of a pint, Incorporate thefe well together and let it be injected as warm as it can be, with- out injury to the internal parts. As it has been already obferved, that cafes of this kind fome times happen from ftoney concretions, fo they are frequendy occasioned by going long journies without flopping : not only producing the temporary inconvenience offuppreffton, but a perma- nent weaknefs of the parts, that renders the fubject at all times the more liable to repetition. That the obstruction or caufe of difficulty may be, more effectually „re- ACUTE DISEASES. 141 moved, and that the tone of the urinary - J paffages may be perfectly restored, it wiif; V be advifeable to give one ounce of Gum . . Arabic, and half an ounce of Nitre, in the water every morning for a week or ten days, thereby infuring a removal of any ^ • trifling remains, as well as fheathing the * passages that may have flightly foffered by the feverity cf fuch fymptoms as have occur- red during the cafe. Having gone through fuch acute cafes as alarm with, the apprehension of immediate danger, we naturally advert to thofe that are not fo rapid in appearance, but are ne- verthelefs equally destructive in their termi- nation ; upon which, did we find the leaft well-founded reafon to entertain doubt, a variety of instances might be adduced, to demonstrate conviction : adhering however as clofedy as pofilble, to the original plan of contracting each article to "as conclfe a fpace as its nature would permit, one cafe ordy will be found fuflicient to vanpildi the moil obstinate incredulity. N a r42 ACUTE DISEASES. CASE. In little more than two years after the appearance of " The Stable Directory," my afliftance was required at the ftables of C. M----, Efq. at C'aversham-Park, in Oxfordshire, where I found a fine and fa- vourite carriage horfe, laboring under • every leeming fymptom of a complication . of diforders; an enumeration of predomi- nant and diftinguifhing traits would provedJJ superfluous, the possibility of nice exami- gl ; nation was totally precluded,, for he abfo- , luteiy laid down with a groan of resignation, and breathed his laft in a very fhort time af- j ter I had entered the ftable. Having for a feries of years (previous to- J this circumstance) determined upon imme~<*| diate difTection whenever if. could apply to. ; the improvement of the Veterinary art,. I proceeded to a.* minute inspection of the - Viscera in general, and what is truly re- markable, (as almoft unprecedented) found nearly the whole in a ftate of decay. One lobe of the liver was tumefied and loaded ACUTE DISEASES. 143 with tubercles, the other in a ftate of apparent putrefaction (or abfolute rottennefs) ; with one of theKrDNfES ulcerated nearfy toper-., foration. Upon opening the ftomach a new and uncommon fcene prefented itfelf, for. one half was completely covered with bots, as clofely adhering to the internal coat of the ftomach,. and to each other, as a hive of bees when they fwarm ; the other h'alfwas a meer vacuum, which they had abandoned fo foon as the internal coat, or lining of that part had been previoufly de- ftroyed. ;i;. : The digestive powers, (or in other words the elastic property of the ftomach) having been thus completely destroyed by thofe inveterate enemies to health and condition, very litde introduction can be neceflary to convince the humane or intelligent, how ufeful and falutary it muft be to lay dowa .uch rules as may become infallible for the ,otal eradication of 144 ACUTE DISEASES. WORMS, Whicn are of different forts as the round white worm, from fix to ten and twelve Jnches in length; in itfelf fo pellucid or tranfparent, that the great number of young may befeen through the ihinfo foon as voidv J ed with the excrements. Another fort bear fome affinity to a fmall earth worm, but of flatter formation, of a^ oreenifh colour, and with fuch an infinity i of legs as may rank it in that refpect nearly , allied to the millepedes, or wood loufej as \ the extremities of the feet, viewed through ; a mifcrofcope, are exceedingly fliarp, and J) capable of giving great pain when irri- tating the internal coat of either ftomach| or intestines. Thefe are never feen but in the dung, which is at the lime of their] ejection, generally lax (as during a courfe of purgation) and a fure proof of their power of irritation. When obferved (be- ing, too fmall to be readily perceived v.itV ACUTE DISEASES. 145 out examination) they are incefTan#y writhing and twirling about in the foft dung with the utmost rapidity; in action not at all unlike a fmall eel, when com- pulsively drawn from its element and .placed upon land." v The laft and most destructive of thefe internal enemies, are the bots, between the two forts of which there is fome little distinction, but not of magnitude fuflicient to render it matter of prefent difquifition ; particularly as the mode of obliteration for *one, is precifely the fame as for the other. Suffice it therefore to fay that by. whatever means they may have taken poffeffion, whether they may have been engendered by a vifcid flimy mucus, or accumulation of foulnefs in the interstices of the in- teftinal canal; or that the Animalcule or origin of formation may have been im- bibed with the aliment, and brought to> maturity by the heat "of the body is not matter of prefent enquiry, which intentU 146 ACUTE DISEASES. ortallygoes no farther than toaftertain to a certainty fpeedy eradication. In conformity with this idea, we pafs over (only with a flight remembrance) the great danger horfes are exppfed to by bein^ neglected in fuch ftate, that even in the infancy of the bufinefs the fubject betrays -i figns of poverty and difquietude ; his ali- ment, tho' of the beft kind, feems totally thrown away, not affording even the ufual external effect of nutrition. Symptoms and circumftances vary in different fubjccts, fome displaying proofs of an internal defect j much earlier than others; fooner or later, however, he begins to appear low in his flefh, rough in his coat, and hard in his hide, he feems dull and difquicted in the ftable, inactive when out; he fv/eats much with very triflng exertion, and that fweat of foul and unhealthy appearance. The two kinds of worms firft defcribed are of but little confequence when com- pared to the destructive ravages of the laft, ACUTE DISEASES. 147 * whofe incredible increafe, and power of exciting pain almoft exceeds belief, parti- cularly with thofe not in the habit or con- j venience of making the neceflary obferva- tions. Exclufive of the feeminglv infen- \ fible coat of mail with which they are co- vered, they are armed with two large, and , -■ a fmaller prominent kind of tooth (or' «N tufks, having wonderful power of com- >■ preflion in proportion to their fize, and fo exceedingly fharp at " their points, that -' when accurately examined admiration ceafes at the excruciating pains they have power to excite. Some horfes are permitted to continue in fuch ftate till the rectum becomes a perfect refervoir, and abfolute bunches of them are feen adhering to each fcjd or in- terstice at every evacuation. This fitu^. ation is by no means fo replete with danger as when they have taken firm hold of the ftomach and fubfequent paflages -, here they prey upon the irritability of the frame, pro* *4S ACUTE DISEASES. ducing fuch variety of fymptoms in dif- ferent subjects, as frequently perplex the moft judicious practitioner, by holding forth the appearance of a palpable complication of aiforders. ' It is to. be regretted that in almoft every cafe of the kind little is attempted beyond , F .?, the talk of mitigation j honey, oil, favin, p "^ box, and a variety of articles difpropor- tioned in their quantities and uncertain in \ *■ their effects, are the nostrums induftri- \ oufly tranfmitted from one generation to } another, without the leaft data, or eftab* j lifhed proof of excellence and efficacy to ,| > recommend them. One only apology can be introduced for the weaknefs and incon- sistency of thofe who become the dupes of < ! deception, viz. the very little expence ancT trouble by which thofe articles are always! * to be obtained. 1 As there are different claffes of people to . whom the neceflary courfe of furcation j would become not only exceedingly trou- blefome, from a want of their horfes in •> AOUTE DISEASES. 149 bufinefs, but alfo obvioufly dangerous frorri the want of accommodation and care to fubjects in fuch ftate; it becomes the more applicable to point cut the means by which arf obliteration is frequently obtained, (par- ticularly of the two firft defcribed,) without adverting to what is confidered by fome a matter of fo much expenfe and trouble. P O W D.E R S. Take Crude Antimony, levigated to an impalpable powder, and Sulphur, each twelve ounces, let them be incorporated well in a mortar, and divide it into papers of two ounces each, one of which may be given in the corn every night, in flight af- fections ; but every night and morning where there is reafon to believe their pof- fefiion has been of longer duratipn. This mild mode of extirpation cannot boaft of infallibility, but it very fre- quently fucceeds, and i-s weft calculated for the ufe of thofe whofe horfes are destined O '5Q ACUTE DISEASES. to all fervices and in all weathers ■, not being productive of danger, however the fubject may be expofed to the feverity of any feafon. For thofe who wifh to em- brace a more expeditions, at any rate a more certain mode of relief, the following is offered as an article of great fuccefs and -\ estimation, by thofe who have proved its utility ■,—Take Half a dozen " Pectoral Cordial Balls," iEthrop's Mineral, four ounces and a half, beat well together with fuch fmall portion of Honey as may be re- quired, and divide it into fix equal parts. One of thefe muft be given every morn- ing for three in fucceflion, and every other morning for the three remaining; taking , care that the horfe is not expofed to rain, -j chilling winds, or rode into water during ' their ufe. There is little or no doubt but either of the two kinds of worms firft def- cribed rnay be 'readily diflodged, and their ^CUTE DISEASES. 151 veiy eggs (admitting them to be there), or means of propagation totally destroyed by this summary mode of treatment, yet it is not fo with the Bots ; their hold as well as their havcck, exceeds defcription. Of this nothing can give greater proof than when taken hold of in their adhefion to the sphincter of the rectum, they will fuffer themfelves to be pulled afundcr rather than relinquifh the part to which they are fo firmly attached. Experience (in a variety of intentional trials) has given demonstrative proofs that they fubmit not to all the force and inter- pofition of naufeous aloetics only ; they are feen at every evacuation as much un- moved from the folds of the rectum as if no purgative had been adminiftered. Hence arofe the palpable neceffity for the introduction of mercurials, they arc abfo- lutely the only fpecifics from which a cer- tainty of fuccefs can be derived,- and fhould, wi'di every intelligent fuperintendent, and rational practitioner, never be delayed. *5* ACUTE DISEASES. The " Mild and Strong Mercurial Purging," as well as the " Purging Balls for Worms," of the medical lift at the conclusion, are all equally adapted to the purpofe ; either being adopted acording to the fize, strength, and condition of the horfe, the firft beinir one fixth weaker in purgative and mercurial particles than \ either of the other two. Where thofe are not to be readily obtained, or the parties prefer a perfonal preparation of their own J medicines, the following will be found j fingularly efficacious; with the precaution of being exceedingly careful not only in the • quality but the weight of the different in- gredients, to prevent fuch fcenes of anxiety, ciifLrCfs, and ultimate deftruction as have been already defcribed under the dislrent hcz'h to which they became applicable. MILD PURGING BALE for WORMS. Take Barbadoes • Aloes, in powder, fm ■ drachms, , y Jalap, in fine powder, three drachms, ACUTE DISEASES. 153 Caftile Soap, two drachms, Calomel and Ginger, in powder, each one drachm, Oil of Aniieed, fixty drops, and Syrup of Buckthorn" fufficient to make the ball. For the intermediate fpace of time be- tween the dofes, and the mode of manage- ment during the operation, reference muft be made to the pages of accurate instruction previoufly inferted under its particular head. The distinct proportions in the ball juft pref- cribed, accurately afcertained for a horfe of delicate habit, or that has been reduced wry low before the caufe of emaciation has been difcovered or-attended to. For. horfes of a stronger defcription the following may be prepared, and as the right and fafe fide is the beft to lean to, it may, perhaps, be the beft policy not to increafe the pro- portion of any one article in the comuc- fition ; much more particularly in the hands of thofe but little accuftomed to the management of horfes under a courfe of mercurial .phyfic. O 2 154 ACUTE DISEASES: STRONG PURGING BALT for WORMS. Take Barbadoes Aloes, in powder, nine drachms, Jalap, in powder and Soap, each two- drachms, Calomel and Ginger, each a drachm and half/ Oil of Anifeedand Juniper, each thirty drops, Syrup, fuflicient to make the mafs. Previous to the final, difraiflal of tlm article it may be ufeful to obferve, that where, (as in two or three recent inftahce's with a Major General's horfes, then ar- . rived from the Continent), the reftum is fo overloaded; that they are conftantly feen, firmly adhering to the anus, at each cont traction of the fphincler, after every evacur ation/fomething more'requires to be done, that a total extirpation may be pofitively effected, without even a chance of decep- tion or. difappointment. That this may be ^iife___'dk± ACUTE DISEASES. t& rendered complete, prepare the following glyfter, and let it be thrown carefully into the rectum, in fix or eight hours after each .purging ball has been adminiftered.—Boil Two double handsful of Roman Worm-- wood, cut fmall, and a fingle handful of common Sea Salt, in five-pints of Water, (keeping the Wormwood well ftirred below the furface (for a quarter of an hour. Strain off the liquid, and when fufficir ently cool add a quarter of a pint of Linfeed 01, and let the whole be given without waste.. This, by its power of ftimulation, will afford fome affiftance* in difuniting them 'from the interstices, or folds of the intef- tines, previous to die enfulhg operation of the phyfic ; which coming on immediately after, their expulfion becomes not only the more probable, but moft likely a matter of 156 DISEASE^ The LUNGS, From a variety of caufes is the imiriec date feat of defect, when occafioned fc^'a fudded change from one extreme to another > for inftance, from a warm and comfortable ftable, to the reverfe,—a long expofure to a cold and chilling rain,—ftanding wet and dirty after a journey in the dreary fncnths of winter,—or any of that verf long lift of probabilities by which the perforative matter is not ©nly locked up from trmfr j piration, but compulsively thrown upon the ^circulation. At this period is formed the firft link of what frequently constitutes a long chain of difquietude ; for the circulation being thut overloaded by an incorporation with extra- neous matter, (that it was neither calculated or prepared to receive,) foon acquires a fizey inflammatory confiftence, which becomes oradationally vifcid, in proportion to the of the LUNG S, 157 length of time it is permitted to continue without medical counteraction. As it has for centuries been admittedv "**j ceding efforts muft be strengthened, and perfevered in without remiflion to remove the caufe. In fuch advanced stage, fymptoms of dif- quietude will become more predominant, and the Cough more oppr'efTsve, particu- larly as the ftomach is diftended with occa- sional supplies of food and water ; the finer veffels of the Lungs becoming more violently obstructed, the more the blood advances in its ftages of vifcidity -, all which are the more evidently increafed, the more the fubject is brought into action, and the more clearly perceptible the longer he is con- tinued in thofe exertions In fuch cafe a repetition of bleeding is firft premifed, and an increafed continuance m trie methods before prefcribed for a few days, with the addition only of Nitre and Gum Arabic, in powder, each half an ounce, to be given in the thin gruel, or i6o DISEASES gruel arid water, twice or thrice in every twenty-four hours. Let the exercife and friction be regularly attended to, hay given in very fmall quantities, and that the fleet- est and beft that can be felected. Upon a non-fubmiffion to the mode of treatment fo accurately defcribed, after a per- feverance of ten days or a fortnight, adopt the following alternative.—Take Half a dozen of the Pectoral Cordial Balls, . Gum Ammoniacum, Myrrh, and Balfam of Tolu, of each, in powd er, one ounce; Ginger, in powder, fix drachms, Barbadoes Tar, three table fpoonsful, And Honey, if necesTary to form the mafs^ Which divide into nine balls, and let one be given every morning early, wafjqj^ down With-a little gruel or foft waterjthe fubject to be kept faffing for two hours after. The Nitre and Arabic to be alfo continued during that period, when little doubt need be entertained of a complete cure; unlefs of the LUNG S. \6i from an almoft unprecedented neglect, long ftanding, peculiar vifcidity, or old age, a rup- ture of fome of the veffels, or tubercles in the lungs may have occafloned broken win©, when nothing more than alleviation from palliatives can be expected, and fruitlefs ex- pence with deceptive expeflation had better be avoided, That however the wifli of every anxious expectant may be gratified, it is not inap- plicable to obferve, that fome profpect of at Jeaft temporary, if not permament relief is held out by the interposing power of Mer- curial Purgatives in cafes of obstinate asthmatic Coughs, as well as in subjects that are palpably broken winded; for as .thepreffure upon the lobes of the lungs is deduced, by leffening the contents of the ftomach and intestinal canal, fo the adhesive vifcidity of the blood is in a certain degree broken and difunited by the penetrative power of the mercurial particles, which en- tering into contact with every part of the &ame, holds out (by its procefs) an in- P 162 DISEASES ducementto trial,* when all the more extem- poraneous and concife methods have failed of effect. Exclufive of what has been already in- troduced under this head, it remains to be obferved, that the moft alarming cafe in which the Lungs can be dangeroufly af- fected is by inflammation. The predo-* minant fymptoms of which are only the diftinguifhing traits of a cold and cough in- creafed to an alarming degree of violence; not only by a certain degree of neglect and inattention in the infancy of difeafe, but by the horfes having been brought impro- perly into action, and compelled to en- counter great and fevere exertions without adverting to the ftate of the blood; which being from its fizey and vifcid confiftence, rendered incapable of circulating through the finer veffels, in proportion to the ve- locity with which it is propelled, obstruc- tions naturally arife and inflammation enfues. of the LUNG S. 163 In refpedt to fymptoms it will fuffice to fay, that as the ftages of danger are ap- proaching, every external appearance be- comes more alarming. The cough,—the heaving of the flank,—the difficulty of ref- piration,—the heat in the mouth,—con- • fequent thirst,—extreme pain and dejection of fpirits, all feem to indicate a fpeedy diffolution. In this diftreffing fcene not a moment is to be loft, plentiful bleeding t takes the lead of every other confider- ation, and even a repition of that in fix, eight, or twelve hours, if a non-fubmiflion of dangerous fymptoms fhould render it ne- ceffary. Boil immediately a decoction from a double handful o,f each of the fragrant garden herbs, Lavender, Rosemary, and Cammomile, with this perfectly hot, let the noftrils be well fumigated, to take off* the inflammatory ftricture from the part affected, and excite a critical difcharge if poflible. As no expectation need be formed 164 DISEASES of the fubject's taking nutriment volunta- rily in. the extremity of fuch cafe, the preparation of a fubftantial fubftitute fhould be going onin the following way : Take Water Gruel* a gallon, Turkey Figs, diced, and Raifins of the Sun, fplit, each four ounces, Honey and Cream of"?•" f Tartar, each half a pound, boil for twenty j Sninutes, then strain, and let half an ounce of Nitre be given in a horn of it (as de- cribed page 41) every two hours, waitiing it. down with a pint and_ a half, or a quart more ;'" : not fo ; little fear need be entertained of a fafeand fpeedy eradication. The caufe is■■ f_ no more than an obstruction in the callJ pipe or duct, whofe province it is to afsut' in the fecretion of bile from the blood ; this' paffage being rendered impervious by fome" vifcid mucus, the- fluid thus impeded in its, usual progrefs, regurgitates, and becoming' ^ extravafatedr not only incorporates itfelf with the blood, but by the means of cir- culation difplays itfelf in every part of the frame. The fymptoms are too well known to re- quire the leaft explanatory animadverfio an univerfal yellowness pervades the f- mouth, tongue, and saliva, c ftsating the diforder at firft fig1 *C* to'8 I> I S E A ^E S thofe who-have never feen the cafe before; It has been the custom to confider the jaundice a'matter of too much- magnitude- ]! with the veterinarian professors in "-e- ^gaeral, who have made it their practice to bring medicines o£ too much power to their ! aid, and. in fo doing have not unfrequently rendered the remedy worfe than.the difeafe^ ^They are exceedingly fond of a felf created* '"phrafeology "the black jaundice," a ; diforder they contrive to constitute (fecun- j dem artem) from the yellows, of which we .-, have fpoken largely and given fufficient proof in the early part of the work, under die head of "emetic tartar" and the following pages.. Cases that fo feldom occur need take bu*>" little time from the reader in a tedious-rou- tine of fcientific difquifition or medica! elucidation; suffice it to fay, mild deob- "ruents with alterative collaterals '^whe'i taken in time, render the cere-- •»f Purgation totally unnecessary. J of the LUNG S. 160 Take away a little blood by way of revulfion, relax the intestinal canal by a few opening inafties, gentle walking exer- cife, moderate friction, two ounces of* Cream of Tartar boiled in a quart and* , added to the water, twice a day. Soft water fhould be given often and in fmall quantities, hay in fimilar proportions. In addition to what feem but trifles, adopt the following:—Take Caftile or Yellow Soap, fix ounces, Rhubarb, genuine Turmeric, and Ginger all in fine powder, each one ounce, Salt of Tartar, one ounce and an half, mix the Powders with, the Salt of Tartar, then add the Soap, and Honey fuflicient to make the mafs, and divide* into fix equal parts. Of thefe let one be given three mornings in fucceffion, on the fourth, with a horn, give Oil of Castor,- half a pint, well • fliaken together with the fame quantity of i7<> DISEASES thin warm gruel. On the following night a plentiful and comfortable Malt mafh ; the ; three fucceffive mornings the three re- L^ "* maining balls; on the fourth a repetition of ■J/***the Oil of Castor with the gruel, fol- lowed by the Malt mafh, affifted by every extra care and attention that the cafe may require. This in all flight cafes, or recent attacks may be confidered infallible ; but where it has been of long ftanding, or by neglect permitted to afTume the afpect of feverity, a little longer patience and per- feverance muft be fubmitted to. In all fchirrofities, tumefactions, enlarge- ments, and ulcerations of the Liver, little, very little hope can be entertained of era- dication. Necessitous adventurers may prey upon the liberality of the credulous, by a profusion of promifes that may dupe their employers, and contribute to their own wants by the deception ; but every cool and deliberate enquirer will find upon re- flection* very little expectation can be or the LUNGS. ^71 formed, particularly when adverting to the feat of difeafe fo remote in fituation and cafe from the active power of medicine. Could any flattering idea of permanent relief be entertained, it muft only be from the grand fpecific (in certain cafes) Mer- cury, where the particles are fuppofed to enter into contact with the offending pro- perty of the blood ; but here it is natural to conclude, that no interposition of this powerful medicine can prove fufficiently active (or penetrative) to diffolve or ex- tirpate either swelling, schirrosity, or tubercle, upon the part in queftion. Admitting however not pnly the impolicy but the cruelty of dooming to death every fubject fuppofed to labour under thefe^ hidden infirmities, it is highly neceflary fiich means fhould be laid down, as are fuggefted by reason and justified by con- ssstency. As Mercurial purgatives might too much agitate the frame, and. admit of too great a fpace of time between the, rlofes, to fupporc a hope of fpeedy effect, tyi DISEASES the poflibility of a gradual folution by Mer- curial Alteratives, feems to hold forth the more promising alternative. To give this arrangement a fair chance' of fuccefs, great patience and much per- feverance muft be adopted. Half an ounce ofJETHiops Mineral may be given, in- corporated with a Cordial Ball, (by means of a little Honey) every morning. At night in the corn, an ounce of Sulphur, previoufly mixed in the mortar with Cream- of Tartar half an ounce, and prepared Steel two drachms. Half an ounce of Nitre- may be given in the evening water only. MercurialPurcatives are alfo open to thofe who chufe to make their felection, being totally dependent upon the judgement of the parties, who superintending the va- rious cafes, will be moft adequate to the talk of deciding upon the mode of treat- ment applicable to fuch predominant fymptoms as may come before them. of the LUNGS, 173 Previous to the difinjffal of this article, a few hints may not prove unacceptable. In all cafes of a turqgfied, fchirrous, enlarged liver, an adhefion, or a dropsy of the chest (commonly called a dropfy of the lungs), one fymptom may always be relied on ; the fubject invariably ftands with one or both legs before him, directly in the ftile and manner of a cheft foundered horfe, and upon being led to the top of the moft trifling afcent to be rode or led down, he turns with incredible pain and difficulty ; when completely turned and brought for- ward, his fore legs are diftended as tho' he. had an enormous fubftance included in his cheft, and he feems afraid, in every ftep, of falling to the ground. This will receive farther elucidation by an introduction of the following CASE. In January, 1794, a valuable well-bred horfe, that had the year preceding run in ^ ..174 DISE AS E S , good form, at Stockbridge, wascanfVned to the Receptacle,' (by G. H. Efq.) from the lower part of Devonshsire, and was, 4t abfolutely three weeks upon his journey, •'-•' The fubject required no mere than a mo- V mentary infpection for an unequivocal de- j cifion; the almoft unprecedented diftention j ofthelegsin the ftable, as well as the la-1 bour in action, the roll from fide to fide to ■!(► affiitin getting one leg before iti? other, the perpetual difquietude in the ftable, and palpable endeavour to relieve the fore parts, held forth evident proof that fome preter- natural fubftange, fome enormous weig It was featedinor preiTed upon the chest; but whether extravafated fluid, a tumefac tion, or adhefion of the liver, it was ins poflible for any man living to afcertain. Invariable in my determination never to put my friends to unneceflary expence, and experimentally convinced, that " To know the worst is fome degree of eafe," IN THE LUNGS. I I ftrenuoufly recommended a period to his painful existence, but without effect; the humanity of the owner was superior to every confideration but the fafety of. fo great a favourite, and confequently deaf to ' ^every remonftrance that tended in the leaft to militate againft his flattering expectation ■ of cure. To accommodate which, to gra- tify his anxious fenfations, and ltill more to hold forth demonstrative proof of the cafe, the utmost force of long and repeated I fomentation was brought into ufe, with . treble cloathing over the breast, ^thiops Mineral firft and lastly Calomel, each blended with the Cordial Ball, were in- troduced as Mercurial Alteratives, and lL' at the request of the owner continued for .-.- £ .near three weeks, when perceiving nature to be more and more oppressed, the very dejection and appearance of the emaciated animal feeming to folicit diffelutim as a relief " from this world of woe," Mr. H. at length, tho' reluctantly, fubmitted to j the expoftulation, when it unluckily be- came my province (but not without the concern and mortification that every fportf- 75 176 D I S E A S E S, &c. man muft unavoidably experience when fentencingfo noble an object to immediate death) to confign, or rather to attend him to the place of execution, where with one blow of the axe, and a fingle stroke of the knife, an instantaneous period was put to his miferable existence. Upon opening the body, appearances juftified the original prediction, fo far as respected the unnatural weight fuppofed to have taken its feat in the chest ; the entire vacuum ©f which was nearly filled with a difcoloured water, of about seven gallons in quantity, difplaying upon the ftirface by its ebullition, a kind of effervefcence, and of fuch extreme heat that the viscera floating in it had the appearance of having been boiled. Going into the origin of the difeafe, would be embarking in a fcientific tour ill adapted to the purport of a compen- dium ; it muft therefore fuffice to fay, that a dropsy in the breaft, once clearly £H;0 E 1 N G, &c. 177 afcertained, might witji ftrict propriety*. have an experiment-made to draw off the water by an instrument formed for the purpofe; and with the greateft probability of fuccefs ; but how far it might be likely to fill again from the ruptured veffels (by which the fluid became extravafated), is a matter that muft entirely depend upon the refult of the experiments S H O E IN Gy AND MANAGEMENT of the FEET.. The Feet, as the very bafis cf the frame- and instruments of action, may, with the strictest propriety, be deemed a fubject of equal if not superior importance to any that can poftlbJy come before us ; and it is not only a circumstance of extreme regret,. but matter cf admiration, that it fhculd feem they arc abfolutely lefs attended to, and in ccneral f v. ith fome fc^ e\c—'orO c 173 SHOEING AND worfe fhod, if pcffihle, in the Capital, than in many other parts of the kigdom. This paradoxical declaration may per- * haps be candidly explained, at leaft fairly and impartially accounted for, by taking a %, concife view of the practice in moft of the^ fhops appropriated to that purpofe.. As it has been before found neceflary to obfervey fo it becomes directly in point to repeat, that'unfortunately for the animal we treat J on, Smiths, Grooms, and xhelower order J tjf Operative Practitioners have never yet been (and in all probability never will be) remarkable for any ftriking effusions of tenderness, arising from a fuperflux of. refined fenfations. Admitting this, and that they were pro-* babiy destined by a superior Power to make others feel much more than to feel them- "-felves, we fupprefs fuch remarks as natu- rally arife and might be introduced, to make rpom for plain unembelliflied rea- lingi why the art of Shoeing (which S*v MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 179 ^ fhould be the firft and most diftinguifhing mark of excellence) is fo fhamefully exe- cuted, fo wretchedly neglecled, as to com- pletely ruin the feet of a great number of -^ excellent horfes, in a very few fhoeings' after' their firft appearance amongst the Yulcanian Proficients of the Metropolis? That this aflertion may not bear the accufation of conjeclure, but carry with it the unsullied fandtion of veracitv, let us. advert only to the ftate of the feet of fuch horfes as we happen to obferve ftanding in the streets in our common pedestrian ex- curfions; where, upon the moft moderate calculation, we fhall find at leaft one third entirely thrown upon the toe, without half a heel to ftand upon :—a very palpable and- incontrovertible reafon, why there are fo many more horfes with broken knees to be daily feen in and round the city of London.' than in any other part of the kingdom. The caufe of this general deficiency is: 4 iSo S H 0 E I N G and not to be attributed fo much to the want of judgement as the want of difcreihi, which evidently rests upon a point that has moft probably never been confidered > at any rate, never fubmitted to' the test of public reflection, and may perhaps receive * fome elucidation from the following re- cital of fafhionable facts. It is univerfally known to thofe in the habits of equestrian obfervation, that the Smiths and Farriers ' in extensive practice are too anxiouQy con- l . cerned in matters of magnitude, to attend perfonally or minutely to what (m shoeing) they conceive to be a mere mechanical pro- eefs, and of little or no confequence. The necefijitous'Master is generally en"- engaged in an ardous undertaking of a dif- ferent kind, amufing himfelf with a pot of porter in. one hand, a jug of crank in the other, at the nearest houfe of hofpitality, in' fervile attachment to Coachman of Groom i indulging earnest hope and full' confidence that, they- will upon all occafions= MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 181 ^ gratefully endeavour (as good and faithful fervanfs) to promote his interest in return. In both cafes fo opposite in their distinct caufes, the effe6t is ftill the fame ; for the journeymen in either abfolutely become the principals, and acting without dictation ; or controul, proceed as whim,—caprice,—~ cruelty, or ill nature may fuggeft or in- fluence ; cynically conceiving, they are by the feverity of their situations, compelled to earn a livelihood " by the fweat of their brow," they fee with the jaundiced eye 'of ] difcontent, are feldom difpofed to be easily pleafed, and bare civility can rarely be expec- ted from them,without the all-feducing me* dium of pecuniary interpofition. Fraught with the common place idea that " fervitude is no inheritance/* that they " may be here to day and gone to- morrow," and having no reputation of their own to fupport, they grow totally in?- fenfible of their Master's in fuch ftate of fullen indifference they take up the foot, $. I82 SHOEING and half unclinch the nails, and then tear off the fhoe with a fudden and powerful wrench on each fide, as tho' it was the deter- mined intent to feparate the hoof from the coffin, or the coffin from the coronary bone «- at a fingle exertion. This effected, the profefiional appetite is eagerly afloat for devastation, and the but- ter is (fo frequently fharpencd for the pur- pofe), thatpaffive enemy to the efforts of nature becomes the prostituted instrument t of inceftant destruction. Here it may be neceflary to obferve (by way of rendering the matter better understood), that in ge- ;. neral practice, the gradational lhades of f • fubordination are contemptuoufly adhered * to, even in-the fhop of a common shoeing'j smith, to the palpable injury of the animal i and the public. For inftance, the taking % off the fhoe, the clearing out the foot, and the act of sh oeing is the office of the' inferior; while the "fireman," who is thefuperior, is only the " fitter out," and #" having fo done relinquiflies his part of the bufinefs j declining, by custom the very MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 183 distinct office, where all the danger is, anc\ in avoiding which all the excellence depends, viz. the formation of thefootl and the set- tinc on the shoe, p^ On the contrary, the official subordinate (whofe qualifications we have previoufly analized) having taken "off the fhoe in the \way already defcribed, proceeds to a difplay of his manual dexterity in the art of ' cutting ; the two firft strokes generally take away a pretty large portion from each ex-« •'tremityofthe heel, where nature has been ; peculiarly kind in forming a firm and fub- f'ftantial bafis for the weight and action of the fcframe fhe has fo beautifully formed. To this leading ftep of inftrumental def-^ .»■ miction, fucceed a profusion of flourifhes i. equally oppofite to the great caufe of con- sistency fo evidently pointed out by the rays of reason and confirmed by the great volume of observant experience. The pavement is almoft inftantaneoufty covered with fuflicient proofs of expeditious 184 S H O E I N O and execution,—the outer sole and froc equally contribute to the fhew. of excellence in the operator,—and a greater feparation ofparts is frequently made \nfive minutes, than all the efforts of nature are adequate to the talk of restoring in as many months. ki- ln direct proof of this aflertion let us ad- vert for a moment to what follows the fajh* \ ionable ftices of solid hoof taken from the ^ extreme points of the heel, (where it fhould feem thefe expert operators affect to be- lieve nature has egregioufly erred in placing too much,) and trace with " the- mind's eye," the procefs of the operation, and the progrefs of the butteris at the fame. time; when we fhall instantly recollect j thofe repeated parings of the outer sole, i that fo evidently deprive the inner of its i protection. The frog is equally doomed to a variety of amputative flourifhes, and the fharp corners of the destructive inftrument, arefo often and fo dangeroufly infinuated \ within the centrical cleft of that part, that MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 185 a foundation is very frequentlylaid for fuch fevere and inveterate thrufhes, that nothing but time and a regeneration of parts can obliterate. This part of the bufinefs called " clear- It ing out of the foot," having been gone through without controul from either master or foreman, the fetting 'of the fhoe is generally concluded with a similar degree 1 of confiftency and collateral refpect to re- putation. The fhoe having been previoufly fitted out by the fireman, (during the oper- ation of trimming, paring, and rafping by his fubordinate), is decisively thrown down as diclatorially applicable to the purpofe, and too large or too fmall is a matter of too . trifling a nature for rectification. In veri- fication of the ancient adage, " of two evils chufe the leaft," the former is certainly the leaft evil of the two, and difplays in its appearance the only apology that can be made for the operator, who confidently and cunningly affures you, " it was left fo on pur- R 186 SHOEING and pofe, to give fufficient room for the growth of the hoof. On the contrary, fhould all his efforts in reducing the foot have rendered the fhoe too narrow in the extent of the web, or too ftjort at the heel, he reconciles fuch fuper- 4 ficial inconvenience in a moment by the happy confolation " of the foot's being much eafier fitted to the shoe, than the Jhoe to the f t j" and as his principal ob- ject is the difpatch of bufinefs, the fhoe is fet on without the nice and neceflary at- tention to the line of difcrimination be- tween the outer sole and the wall or cruft of the hoof, for want of which fo much mifchief enfues, and fo many ex- cellent horfes are conftantly feen hobbling l to be dreft at the different petty Jhops of the v Metropolis. Admitting the fhoe to have been thus fet (as is without exaggeration frequently the cafe) the foot then becomes fitted to the shoe, by the friendly intervention of MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 187 ** the rafp and cutting knife, both which render their affiftance to take away all fuperftuous projeclions of the hoof, beyond the outer edge of the fhoe j thereby forming ^ a foot perfectly adequate to the wants, and ^ ;' well adopted to the comprehension of thofe equestrian Jeffamies with which the roads aound the Metropolis are fo plentifully im~ ^ pregnatcfl. Having, with the strictest adhesion to truth/given fuch accurate outlines of the prefent fyftem as will be readily fubfcribed to by every experienced and unbiaffed ob- ferver, it becomes unneceffary and would appear fuperftuous, to animadvert farther * upon that part of the fubject, than merely -to introduce fuch remarks as become un- avoidable to prove the folly and inconfiftency of a mode of shoeing recommended and in fine faint degree brought into ufe by an alien to this country, (under a tempo- rary celebrity,) who to fport a paradox of 188 SHOEING and ver acity, tied juft in time to fave his re- futation. However strange this circumstance may ; ••• appear, it is too strictly correct for the strongest and moft able of his advocates to I controvert; fo true it is Gallic theory will * " but ill accord with English practice. Nor would even an oblique allufion to the latter unlucky occurrences of his life have been made upon paper, but that they be- come fo immediately instrumental (by their errors) to eftablifh fuch chain of principles upon the propriety, the con- ** fiftency, in fact, the very excellence of , shoeing, that no theory can weaken,—no r spohistry contaminate,—no assertion 1 % y difprove,—or any dictatorial difquifition f wipe away. Setting at defiance any accufation of in- k tentional ambiguity, it beeomes candidly proper to ftate that in the laft few weeks MANAGEMENT of the FEET* 189 of the life of the profeflional gentleman al-. luded to, difappointment and mortification, frequently succeeded each other ; and the celebrated concave Jhee doomed fuch num- bers (particularly tender footed horfes) to pain, difquietude, and palpable lamenefs, that they were gladly consigned by many of their opulertt and. diftinguiflied owners,. from the fcene of temporary celebrity, to a variety of eftablifhed practitioners for immediate relief, and a future insurance of fafety. It is a well known fact, that the prefs has in the courfe of a few years only, produced ftich a fucceffion of Tracts upon the Art of Shoeing, that it is very natural to con- clude, if one tenth part had been atten- tively read, that has been judicioufly written, it ought long ere the prefent period, to have reached the very summit of Perfec- tion, and rendered totally unneceffary any farther investigation of the fubject. .The truth muft be candidly admitted,, too much. loo SHOEING awd ' v* theoretic abftrufity,—too much affected fublimity,—too much technical phrafeology has been introduced, (as influenced by the feelings or motives of the different writers) to render the matter a fubject of even Pro- [feflional attraction ■, more particularly when it is perfectly within recollection, that one J- halfoi thofe who* fhould become the in- ti ftruments of reform can't, and the other half won't read :—fo that little chance or hope of improvement can be expectedl but by the exertions of thofe who being in- dividually interested in the event, conde- fcend to a general andperfevering effort o£ perfonal inculcation. •" ■" Some of thefe Authors who have pro- \ bably written much and rode but little, J are extravagantly fond of the idea, that "horfes can go without fhoeing at all;'' \ and altho' they have urged its propriety Y with the full force of their energy, it may be boldly affirmed they never yet made one permanent convert to the practice. Others have as ridiculoujly recommended the MANAGEMENT of the £EET. rgr • v?^ " half-moon fhoe," which covering only v v, half the foot, leaves the remainder without {•*£$ zfupport even where the weight *of the ltft animal moft requires it, To cavil with the opinions or promulga- tions of others, is not the objecl of the Au- thor, washefo inclined, he might extendi his remarks very very far beyond the limits. of the prefent pages ; it. muft therefore fuf- fice to offer fuch remarks (aflifted. by the annexed plate of Shoes in general ufe at his own Farriery) as may concifely tend to« eftablifh the criterion of ease and safety.. Upon the original ftate of the Foot it is. only neceflary to- obferve, that nature. lias in general done her own work too well to require much rectification. That there is fome difference in. the conformation, the texture, (if it may be fo termed) and the excellence of the various subjects, cannot be denied ■, and it is equally true, that a proper degree of care and neceflary cu:- r§* SHOEING and- cumfpection, will without a profufion of cutting, paring, and rafping) in a very few months totally repair thofe injuries, and ^regenerate thofe devaftations that fo evi- : ' -* dently " denote a foregone conclusion." Experience daily convinces us, that nei- *'&*•" ther the internal formation or external ap-, pearance of every horfe's foot is the fame, j I and confequently that fome little variation - \* muft be introduced in the management ,• dependent however in accuracy upon the judgement and difcrimminating powers of the operative agent, who may take the :v< diftinguifhing traits of consistency from the following remarks: The toes fhould never be permitted by- growth to attain in length an unnatural^ proportion ; nor on the contrary fhould, i. they (as is too much the cuitom) be fo muclfl| reduced by they paring knife, as uv render'the infertion .of the nails a matter o& *■ • . * _ •< MANAGEMENT of the FEET, iqj danger in the cruft, (or wall of the hoof) .;. :* where there fhould be always left fufficient ;'y fpace, without even a probabb chance of injury to the edge of the inner fole :—a .%$ matter that not only inevitably muft, but very frequently does happen, when by a want of neceflary care and attention, the .: . 0hoof is wantonly or indifcreetly trimmed : round too near the quick. The better to demonstrate this fyftem, * for the advantage of thofe who may for years have kept horfes, but never concerned themfelves in their fafety, let us for a mo- ; ment advert to the bottom of the foot* ' where we fhall inftantly obferve, that Na~ 'Ture abfolutely feems to have interested ! herfelf in the proficiency of the Art, by r.voluntarily holding forth inftructions for Iff the execution. In direct proof of this fup- : position, we find the line of articulation •; distinctly formed between the wall of the ;; hoof (where only the nails are to be in- fcrted) and the outer fole, (which is the 104. SHOEING 'and intermediate fpace between the frog and" the feat of infertion) holding forth a pal- pable injunction to the inadvertent, " so. far fhall you go and no^farther." This fhould be a very predominant confi- deration why the hoof fhould never be un- veceffarily reduced becaufe every reduction* however trifling, either by paring, cutting*} or rafping, lays open a larger field for dan- ger, by gradually taking away the original means ofsAFETY. So great is the variety of opinions in refpect to shoeinc, and fo diversified our difpofitions (as influenced by caprice, pride, or fingularity) that one ge- neral and established mode of fhoeing,, adapted to the different feet of the different . fubjecls we cannot, at leaft in the prefent age of refined folly, expect to fee i but if there is one affurance that can be tranfmitted to the Public with greater claim to atten- tion than another, it is, that from the firft embarkation of the Author in the fervice of the Public, more than two years fince, . (and conftantly fhoeing for more than tm, J** MANAGEMENT of the FEET. i£$ . hundred fubfcribers,) not a fingle horfe has been pricked, lamed, or fuftained an injury; \ which circumftance is only promulgated to ^ juftify the privilege of laying before the "^jj. Public, fuch mode, as feems entitled, by ^ its reputation, to their approbation and •imitation. I may here venture to affirm, that it is not abfolutely neceflary for any man to ac- quire anatomical knowledge of the struc- ture of the Foot, before he is qualified to direct in what rational way he chufes to have his fhoe formed or fixed. A general knowledge is for him sufficient j it will fuffice, that he is well- jnforreed of the ge- neral points,—that the Foot is not per- mitted (by growth) to extend itfelf to an enormous and preternatural length at the toe,—that the heel is not to be narrowed down on either,5 or both fide? with the rafp* or flieed away at the extreme points with the butteris,—that the cuter fole is not un- mercifully pared away to rob the inner of its protection,— that the web of the shoe 190* SHOEING and ^W - - ■- ■ . .■- 'r > is properly adapted to the breadth of the foot,—that the heel of the fhoe is long enough to prevent indentation, and wide ' 1 r. enough to admit the gradual growth at the heels—with a ftrict injunction that each } point of the heel of the horfe, ftands di- | rectly upon the center of the heel of each EL web of the fhoe. This latter remark becomes the more ► neceflary, when it is re-confidered, that great tendernefs, if not palpable lameness, is frequently caufed by the fhoes being formed too fhort, as well as too narrow at the heels ; where the extreme points of the -' hoof not having proper and fubftantial bearing, it may be obferved, that in a k very few" days the heels of the fhoes , {'■' [ continue to make gradual impreffion, and constitute the very indention juft de- fcribed upon the edge of the fole, and di- rectly over the line of union with the wall f of the hoof: producing to a certainty upon repetition the firft formation of Corns, or in good found footed horfes, only a tempo- MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 197 rary ftricture or flight lamenefs, which is commonly g.t rid of by removing the fhoe. Corns are in general occafloned by this flovenly mode of fhoeing, much more than by any defect iiiNaturte, and are permitted (by a want of attention) to acquire a rigid callofity, approaching oflification, before the leaft attempt is made for extirpation ; , dining which they become fo inflexibly firm and fixed in dieir bafis, that they are not eafily to be eradicated, though great care and perfeverance will materially' pro- mote a mitigation, if not eftablifh their cure. .To effect either of thefe the only \ certain mode is, to reduce the rigid pro- perty of the part as much with tiie drawing knife as is coiififtent with fafety, and the thicknd's of the sole will'admit ; care- 7 fully obfrrvingnot to penetrate the part too deeply, thereby constituting a protrusion of the inner sole, which would inevitably render the remedy worfe than the disease. S ^r * rp ioS SHOEING AND When the hard and horny fubftance is thus carefully extracted as much as the nature of the surrounding pans will ad- mit, let the entire deftruction of the ori- ginal formation of defect be attempted, by the occafionalinfinuation of a few drops of Oil of Vitriol, Spirit of Sea Salt,, or fin.le Aqua Fortis over the furface ; this will effectually fupprefs a renewal of the prefent growth, and may, if neceflary, be occasi- onally repeated to prevent the future, There is a defect in certain horfes, call'd cutting, either before, behind, or both. which is by the owners generally attributed to an error in fhoeing ; tho' it is very fre- quently the effect of natural formation, and occafloned by a weaknefs in the paftern joints, particularly where the fubject is obferved to turn out the toes. It cannot be denied but it fometime.s happens in con- fequence of an indifferent mode of fhoeing, particularly where the shoe is evidentiy too wide in the heel, or an unnecefifary weight of iron affixed to the foot; the mode of MANAGEMENT of The FEET. 199 rectification in all which muft depend upon the eye, the haMd, and the superior judge- ment of the operator, the particular points being too truly conditional to admit of defcription, thro' the medium of either \ the pen orjdieprefs. It will perhaps appear Angular to hold forth an idea that may not hitherto have been either much conceived or much fup- ported; but it cannot be either unreason- able or unnatural to fuppofe the defect of ► cutting has been occafloned in many horfes by conftant and fevere riding when too ' young; of which there are not wanting in- ftances of corrobation, by adverting to the very circumftances of their never repeating. it when a year or tivo older. It is alfo equally confiftent in refledlion to conceive, that many a valuable fubject .has been compuifively brought to this ftate, by long, repeated and unmerciful joumies; with the weary legs warping and twisting 200 SHOEING AND .-** under the impatient weight of a humane Master, or the galling fpur of an hoaejl fervant; who on the following morning are fo totally forgetful of their own indifcre- tions, and the exhausted ftate of nature in the animal, that they become clamorous ex- poftulants with the Smith, endeavouring to fix upon him the ftigraa, that they alone are fo eminently entitled to. It becomes here directly neceflary to ob- ferve, that the annexed Plate of the Shoes in ufe at the Receptacle is intro- duced merely to communicate the general principal of Shoeing with fcientific neat- ness, ease, and safety ; fubject to fuch < trivial variations*, as defects or contingen- cies ma/ require; adhering only to the \ plain and incontrovertible fyftem of con- jiftency, evidently perceptible upon a view of J the fhoes fo accurately reprefented. It will here be found, that the fiat and even fur are of the "front" is rationally MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 201 calculated to correfpond with the Foot in a flate of nature, and to come into the more uninterrupted contact with the furface of the earth; on the contrary, the " back view" holds forth a direct line for an equal bearing of the hoof, into which only the inferticn of the nails can be made with fafe- ty ; while the concave^ art acts as a power- ful protector to the outer sole of the foot, where no bearing upon the iron ftiould or can take place without a chance of immedi- ate lame nc is. Thefe smceg being fubmitted to public inflection as criterior.s cf excellence they become fubject only to fuch little difference information, as the fize of the feet may require, in cither enlarging or contracting the whole, and narrowing or widening the web of the (hot inprcpci *cn to the weight of iron the horfe is calculated to carry, as well as what may be neceflary to infure the prefcrvaid-.n cf the foot. Steeling at the toe is a matter of the greateft utility, pa;u:i.'huly to weak arid thin fe.ted hcrfes, 202 S H 0 E I N G and as well as to thofe who have been fo un- feelingly reduced at the heels : as they (by lasting fomuch longer in wear) prevent fuch frequent repetition of shoeing, and conse- quently give greater time for the defirable growth of every part of the hoof, Uppn the fubject of " corking" (as it is called), or raifing the fhoes at the heels, fomething requires to be introduced; to thefe in the ferious habits of rumination it muft have afforded this obfervation, parti-1 cularly in the streets of the Metropolis, that altho', according to the aflertions of fome, fuch corking may keep the subject from flipping, yet where the prominencies in the pavement are fo numerous, how in- cesTant muft be the fhocks to the animal, where the projections in the fhoes and die ftones are eternally coming in contact with fo much force, and how painful muft be the fudden distortions. Of the truth of this suggestion there cannot be a Greater proof,than a fingle inftance of laft wintec only, in the intenfe froft, when one of the MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 203 firft job and hackneymcn in the Metropolis * had abfolwtelv/rw»/y horfes lame at the fame time. M ■ Two other flight remarks upon the ge- r nercl fyftem feem only neceflary previous J to an entire difmiflal of this fubject; one of which is, to recommend a total difufe of ;i the erroneous cuftom of forming the groove (or fullering) in the web of the fiice, nei- ;•• 1 her wide or deep enough to receive the head of the nail; for the entire reception of which, fuch cavity was originally formed, though very feld'jm if ever, ren- dered fufficiently large for the purpofe it was intended. 'The difadvantage is this, not only eternally throv/ing the feet (upon a ftone pavement) into a variety of distorted positions, but by the heads of the nails be- ing unequally high, they are fo incefiantly battered with action, that the clinches are * all in a ftate of projection in a few days, and fuch marks occafloned upon the fet- lock by cutting, that fometimes they are a great length of time before they are obli- terated. 204 SHOEING an; , The other is to difcountenance the pre- vailing practice cf furniJhing the horfe'' with a much wider web and a greater quantity of iron than the Lot can pofnble 'j ftand in need of, as well as the forming a fhoe with fuch a palpable c< nvexity arising from tke edge of the fhoe, all round, to constitute an abfolute bulge in the cen- ter. It may,- perhaps, in fome few cafes effiefy footed horfes poffefs its points of u- tility, but never can be entitled to fuch gener- al practice as we daily perceive in almoft eve- ry smith's fhop in the Meticpolis. By this convexity round the inner cage of the web, the fupport of the frame-be- comes unequally partial, and even in the constant weight of the horfe forms an op- position to its original purport ; for the in- ^ variable prefiure upon the centrical and projecting part of the fhoe only, muft con^ ititute in the furrcundir.g parts an evident counteraction, which being the feat of the na'ds infertion, the fidler the horfe moves (jand the harder he bears inaction, the mere "!5 MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 205 it muft tend to force the nails from their hold, and injures the hoof proportionally. Jn fuch ftate we fee many draught horfes limping through the streets, tho' not abfo- lutely lame, yet in fo great a degree of tendernefs and difquietude, that it were " de- voudy to be wifhed" fo erroneous a mode could be univerfally abolifhed, v/here na one advantage can be obtained from its con- tinuance. One opinion fhould become general re- flecting the time of shoeing, a matter that is too frequently protracted by the'con- temptible^^ry of one clafs, or too often unneceflarily anticipated by the impatient cireer and unthinking extravagance of another ; the former permits an indentation of the foe upon the fole, as well as a pro- bable destruction of the frog and introduc- tion of Thrift]; while the latter by its fre- quency batters and breaks the hoof, (par- ticularly if of the brittle kind) to a percep- tible degree of injury. A fair and even going horfe will with 206 S ETO E I N G .and moderate work carry his fhoes a Month and i feldom vary more than two days of that I time at each want of fhoeing ; one of a 1 contrary defcription, who beats out and ] wears the fhoas exceedingly at the toe, will II go but a day or two over three weeks in J similar conftant work ; with feeling they'll go about one third of the time over, which •'? is- more than compenfation for the trifting jj additional expence. Upon this fubject one more obfervation only becomes at all applicable to the pur- pofe, and that perhaps, if properly attended to, may poffefs an influence fuperior to the whole of what has been hitherto introduced; but as it has before appeared in print with the fanction of my name to recommend the practice, I can only presume to give it as a quotation from what has been fo highly honored with the ftamp of public approbation. tc Having for twenty years previous to MANAGEMENT cf the FEET. 207. my prefent embarkation in the fervice of the public, ever confidered the eafe and s ' y! ' fafety of my horfes one of the leading com- forts of my life ; I beg permiflion to re- 4 commend for their deliberative imitation, 4 a put of my invariable cuftom, that hap- Fjpily left me without an injury fuftained from fhoeing for the number of years be- fore mentioned. This has always been, to let the manual operator (in fact the jour- neyman, whom I have ever confidered the main spring cf the machine,) enjoy feme pecuniary compenfation, in addition to the profeflional emolument of the mafter ; not more from a confeientious conviction of its being greatly merited by the trouble, care, and danger of fiioeing refractory and high spirited horfes, than experimental demonstration, that gene- rosity, founded upon the bafis of equity, will inevitably infure its own reward." The trifling attention, the humane bene- faction of a cooling beverage, to allay thirst U. 208 SHOEING and in the exceffive heat of fummer, or the fa- lutary interposition of an invigorating cor- | dial, to counteract the extreme feverity of J froft or fnow in winter, are offices of kind- \ nefs that _ in their vifible effect upon the j hand and the hammer, infure beyond a doubt the fafety of the horfe andtherepu- I tation of the owner. The philanthropic influence of " doing as you would be done unto " is repaid with the moft flattejing intereft ■, the fame care and attention be- stowed upon the feet in fhoeing, are ex- tended in general tendernefs to the fafety of the whole frame upon all other pro- feffional occasions ; if refratlory or vicious, he is foothed by kindnefs, not provoked by violence ; in fhort, whatever fatigue en- , fues, whatever difficulty occurs, the exe- , cution is cheerfully completed with a | grateful and retrofpective reference to the perfevering liberality of the matter, who never can (it is evident under thefe consi- derations) better afcertain the fafety of his horfe than by one of thofe voluntary tax- MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 209 alions that poor Sterne (whofe hand aucs heart invariably moved in nmfon) in} ; ■ftinctively beftowed upon the wretched and' the necejfttous. u Thus far the act and art of shoeing, > upon which fo much rmght be introduced, did the limits of this publication permit the extenfion ; that being impracticable, we proceed to make fuch remarks upon the farther management of the feet, as it is earnestly to be wifhed may be productive of proportional utility. All thofe in the habits of obfervation, know the neceffity of defcending (in pur- . chafe) to a very nice and accurate exa- j» minaiion of the feet ; as well as how to diftinguifh between the excellence of a good found fubftantial black, and a narrow heeled brittle white ; or a foft fpongy foot with a palpable projection of the fole, even beyond the wall or hoof that "surrounds it. The firil of tnefe is fo evidently rhe supe- rior, that unlefs by fome bad management T S H OEING i it feldom or ever becomes fubject to defect. ■ Not fo with the fecund which is, by fome means or another, generally defective; ifj they happen not to be the feat of thrujbes (which nearly nine times in ten is the \ cafe (they are fo remarkable for a want of . natural adhesion, that the outer fole is eternally fcaling off and leaving the lower edges of the hoof w ithout the mutual fup- s port expected from each other; rendering the hoof liable to fplit and break witli the \ infertion of the nails only, and is the very reafon why the feet of horfes with white hoofs bear fo much the external appearance * of being more battered and in worfe state than any others that come before us. The latter is a preternatural or un- common growth and enlargement of the fiefhy or inner fole, which by its own power fo prefles upon the weak nefs of the outer . as to conftitute the prominence we fpeak of j this frequently exceeds in projecton the surrounding furface of the fiGof itfelf, and requires not only a judicious eye aad -MANAGEMENT of,the FEET. 211 ikilful hand in the operation ofsnoEiNQ, but likewifc fome ftable care and attention toaflfcin promoting and encouraging the growth of the hoof ( to'overcome the pro- jection of the part already defcribed) by means that will hereafter be accurately explained. A great variety of opinions have not only been promulgated from the prefs^ but are in eternal verbal circulation, upon the pro- priety or impropriety of ftopping, oiling,. tec. the different kinds of feet; andTotrue is the fcholaftic copy, " Every fool's wife in his own conceit," i i.:.t we find the Groom an echo of his Master, or the Master of his Grow., in holding forth along lift of irrational infal- lible s, without the h.:r-.e power of com- municating a fingle scientific or sys- tematic remark, to i'trtngthen their re- commendation ca juftify their mode of a-. doption. 21! SHOEING and wi Well aware of the great diversity of opi- ons upon this topic, it can answer no iatisfaftory purpofe to embark in the te- J>| dious tafk of counteraction; but power- fully convinced of the numerous advantages arising from long and attentive experience, when put in even a momentary competi- tion with deluftve theory and deceptive •speculation, I can feel no hefitation in Hating the general practice of my own staglesj leaving to the induftry of the header to fuggeft, or to collet? from the various pages, (under different heads,) fuch deviations as different circumftances may render unavoidably neceflary. The falutary effects of plentifully oiling and nightly stopping feet of the Jirft and fecond defcription, are too fully confirmed by fteady perfeverance and accurate obfervation, to render opposition (from any authority what- ever,) worthy a moments confideration, or a condefcending reply. The difference, upon examination, be- tweenahoof managed in this way, (parti- -J cularly in the hot and dry months of fum- mer,) with one in a ftate of nature, will evidently denote the advantage of fuch care and attention. " Whenever they have-occa- fion to be fnod the hoof and outer fole . of one is fure to be in a ftate of uniform pli- *+'■%£ ability, and of proper texture to bear fuch "jj ufe of the inftrument; as may be neceffary and unavoidable j the other frequently in a -f! hanh, brittle, irregular fcaling of the fole, $ an inflexible rigidity of the hoof, accom- ,,; panied fjmetimes with large and dry '■; enormous clefts on each fide tuC frog, not m/\ at all diflimilar in caufes or appearance to J the cracks we fo conftantly perceive in the earth during a dcy fummer ; when t!>? chafns in both prove the contraction 6#* M tech to have originated in a want of *•.$ moifture ; an abforption of which will evi- dently expand and distend either one or the other. Admitting a plentiful impregnar. v. of the whole with what i:, called the droppings T 2 . 214 SHOEING ANB of (or feccnd) Spermaceti Oil, to con- it itute and fupport a regular growth of the hoof, fomething becomes neceffary upon the fubject of nightly ftopping ; particularly < where fo great a variety of opinions ever 'have, and probably ever will be fupported. Confcious of fuch contrariety proceeding :perhaps from the perverfnefs of nature, and the not all being equally difpofed to be ,pleafed; we fhall only lay down (without farther explanatory matter) as concifely as poflible, fuch rules as have been found per- fectly fuccefsful with the different kinds of feet already defcribed. The found fubftantial black firm hoof firft mentioned, may be invariably ftopped with moist cow dung (totally unmixed with any other' article ) collected from the fields, and kept in a stopping-box, with a woodenfpatula for that purpofe. The white fcaling brittle hoof requires a peculiar and much more troublefome and ex- penfivc mode of management. The ftopping to remedy which inconvenience fliould be MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 215 made as follows: Take Bran, three dou- ble handfuls, Mutton Suet, two pounds, . and fecond Olive Oil, one pint and half; melt the two laft over the fire and let them be well incorporated with the brar?, 'till cold, and the feet stopped every Or every '] other night, as the harfh and brittle ftate of |'the hoof and outer fole may require. The laft or foft, foongy fiefhy foot, (from its particular laxity) ftands in need of a still different treatment. Take Cow-Dung, with its moisture confiderably exhaled by the fun, or by being placed in a dry fpot, , and frefli Horfe-Dung, equal parts ; let them be exceedingly well mixed together, i'and then ftir in as much good White Wine Vinegar, or o!4- Verjuice as will render it of a, proper confiftence for conftant nightly ufe. Having gone through, with as much precifion as the limited confines of this Compendium can poffibly admit, fuch mode of management as with propriety ap- pertains to the feet ; we come now to- 2l6 DEFECTS what is of at leaft matter of equal mag- nitude and proceed toconfid;r the various defects of The EYE S, Upon which it has been the invariable custom, with moft writers, to introduce fa much professional difquifition and technical phrafeology, fhall now be divested of fuch ambiguous jargon; and the fubject be brought nearer to the ftandard of general comnre-/ henfion, that it may, as it ought, be a little better underftood. To render this the more effectual, we will pafs over as ur.receiTary, Anatomical Structure (equally abftrufe and wonderful) and without further pre-, hide proceed to a plain unembelhfhed de- fcription of fuch defecls as frequently occur, with fuch extemporaneous means of relief, as Justly ftand the highest in estimation; carefully adhering to' the original intent of rendering the elucidation equally adapted to the conception of " The Gintleman,- OF THE EYES. 217 The Farmer,—The Groom,—and The Smith." To do this with the greater probability •f fuccefs, all complex and remote allu- ficns fhall be carefully avoided that a fub- ject of fo much confequence in conftant practice, may have the advantage of every improvement, and fuch improvement brought into univerfal circulation, for the promotion of a general good. Diseases and defects of the eyes, are evidently and ■properly reducible to a very few distinct heads, as 1. Inflammation from Cold or ex- jj ternal injuries. 2. A thickening of any one coat or hu- mour of the Eye. ? 3. A Film, covering the entire Orb of the Eye ;—and 4. A gradational Loss of Sight, by a r^ J: fii8 DEFECTS contraclion of,(or ampreffion upon) the Op- tic Nerves. The first, if from a Hove, generally dif- jjfays itfelf by fwelling, in proportion to the force with which the blow was given; and is accompanied by a difcharge offerum, attended with great heat and considerable pain. I-Iorfcs it is fuppofed (but it is natural to/ conclude erroneoufly) are feverely attacked i in the Eyes from the effect of Cold ^ but were we to decide with unfullied imparti- allity,we might attribute fuch appearances to the interpofing power of the back of the Curry-comb or Brufn, equally handy to beftow the indignant blow of revenge upon ; any little excitement of difiike or rcfent- ment. Nor is this obfervation the refult i,'i conjecture alone," it having been too fre» quently confirmed by obfervation; to re- concile which the better, to thofe who do not enter into the minutix of human occur- rences with fo much accuracy, it may not or tiie EYES. 219 be inapplicable to strengthen the ciroum- ftance with a confiftent remark,—that if fuch defetl fhould have been occafloned by Cold, it is moft probable both Eyes would suffer; when on the contrary, nine times out of ten, we find one Eye onlyaffecled. « Patting over this oblique hint as a matter more worthy the future inveftigation ^of thofe gentlemen who do net ccndefcencf to fuperintend their fervants, than thofe who do; we come to the mode of treat- ment to be adopted which in almoft every cafe without exception, will be found pro- . ductive of the moft expeditious relief. If the injury fuftained is pofitively afcertained ' to have originated in a blow, or from any other external caufe, the leading ftep to an early reduction of temporary inflammation is by an immediate bleeding, in proportion to the fize of the horfe, and the circum- ftances of the cafe. After which let the eye and furrounding parts be gently bathed with a frhall peice of tow, plentifully im- 1*0 DEFECTS pregnated with the following Lotion, for a few minutes, three times a day.—Take Goulai'd's Extract* of Saturn, cue hundred and fifty drops, * Camphorated Spirits of Wine, four tea fpoonsfiil; __ mix then add of rain or pond Water, half a pint vine measure, and fhake well together at each time of using. Should fuch inflammation of the eyes be perceptibly the effedof "cold, and ob- ftruded perfpiration," bleed immediately as beforementioned, and for farther instruc- tions, reference muft be made to the early part of the work, (p. 23,) where particulars will be found under that head. A creamy cloudinefs, pervading the whole orb of the eye, is exceedingly com- mon with horfes deemed cut of condition, particularly thofe who have feme time fubfifted upon indifferent aliment; by which means the blood has acquired a ' * OF THE EYES. 221 *< fizey vifcidity, and the circulation a ian- gour that impedes the adion of the fluids and conftitutes obftrudions in the finer w fills, v.here the impetus, or propulsion receives the leaft fupport. To unload .the *vefTels by a moderate bleeding is the prepa- ratory ftep; to stimulate the • fecretions by a ihort courfe of "Diuretic Balls," (either mild or ftrong, according to the ftate of your horfe,) every other morning, is the next confideration ; and to promote a gen- tle difcharge from the overloaded vesTeis cf the eye, that the pasTages may be perfedly cleareil from, the obltrudions, (before'they acquire a ftagnant rigidity,) are the dired and fyftematic means by which relief is to be' ob* tained.—To expedite which, Take White Vitriol, thirty grains, Sugar of Lead, twenty grains, Camphorated Spitits, half an .ounce, Spring Water, half a pint. Hub the two firft articles exceedingly fine. in a glafs mortar, add the Water by de- U 222 DEFECTS grees, and lastly the Camphorated Spirits'; with a fmall ivory fyringe throw a tea fpoon- ful into each eye (if both are affeded) eviry mght and morning. A film covering the entire orb of the eye, we frequently fee arife not only frorn the caufe juft recited, but alfo from a flick with the lafh of a Coachman's whip (at which they are exceedingly expert in pasting), or the moft minute touch or puncture from a pointed instrument; in which cafe you obferve a white fpeck at what may be called the feat of infertion, that frequently increafes 'till the pupil of the eye is entirely obfcured : and a variety of instances have occurred in pradice, where the entire film has been obliterated in three weeks, or a month, by no other appli- cation, internal or external, but the lotion a- bove recited. The lofs of fight, from what is called "a contradion or wafting of the Optic "of the EYES. 223 '*& ^erve," has defied all the accumulated 1 fagacity and united force^of the faculty, who, if they honeftly lhake off their load of j profcfjicnal ambiguity, will * acknowledge, they never yet knew a fingle cafe of this >*. / kind fubmit to any one of the innumerable "; feledions made from the Materia Me- dica. It muft be admitted, that not more • than two years fince, a gentleman, de- $& (ervedly high in the estimation of the ,<; public, as well for his ftrenuous endea- vours, as his profeffional pre-eminence, had indulged a hope that Mercurials g would prove a fpecific, and every advantage would have been derived from their infalli- bility. So confcious were Ids friends of his having discovered this philoc3ph3r's stone, that they re-echoed his fuccefs in every part of the Metropolis; unfortu- nately for thofe interested in fo happy a difcovery, one rehpfe upon an:then (fol- lowed with total blindness) ferved on- ly to convince >us, that when combating with the difpenfations of a Superior Power, 224 DEFECTS, &c/ however we may "endeavour to 'deferve we cannc t command fuccefs." \ This peculiar kind ofblindncfs is by no J \,.^g means fudden, but may be perceived im- pending long before its final termination; and is, even to a flight obferver, imme- diately difcernable by a contradion in the brow, and a vifible indentation in the centre of the eye-lid, juft above the orb. This may to a certainty be deemed incurable in opposition to every expensive endeavour /« .or fcientific difquifition upon the fubjed. There is alfo another Kind of cafe exceed- ingly common, feldom enlarged upon by any • precee-fino- writer, and hitherto re- maining unexplained. It is v.diere ti;e object, goes totally and almoft fuddenly bm.l; but without any film, difolouration, or diftinguift.ing trait by which the defect maybe obferved, unhfs by thofe who ac in the habit.of making nice examination. As no caufe has- been affigned for fuch c de, no name has been annexed to ir, 1 have,-therefore, in every imtas.ce, termed * 'FOMENTATION, &c. 225 m k "a folution of continuity," from a con-- vidion that it is originally a relaxation, and ultimately a rupture of fome one of the '» \ interior coverings of the 01b; relief in which - is very much beyond the utmost effort of art ^Jj to cited. " ^ FOMENTATION, and its EFFECTS. The repeated occafions we fhall have to recommend this procefs, renders it neceffary to introduce fome few remarks upon its utility, a matter that has hitherto been but little agitated, and lefs brought into : ufe. Wliether this may be attributed to an habitual indolence, or profeffional olflna:y i 1 Vulcanian practice, it may not be ft 1 id ly proper for me to decide; but cer- ^ tain itia, and it will be univerfally admitted, that in die general occurrences of the day, in shops an.lfbeis of the first eminence, f; extraordinary an operation as the simple A el of Fomenting, is hardly ever hearl of". The true ftate of the cafe it thi,, the felec- u 2 : 226 FOMENTATION, tion of the herbs, the boiling of the decccJio/r, and the'patient"ufe of the fomentation-, constitute a procefs too ceremonious, and too replete with medical minuthe, for the ^Sublime geuius, the intellectual brilliancy and perfonal volatility of any practitioner of the Old School; who, relying more upon the penetrative power of inflammatory fpirits and cauterizing c-ils, than any' lenient modes ofmitigation, can never condefcend to derive advantage from the more enlighten-* ed page of experimental inftrudion. Notwithstanding this determined ferilliy, this a declaration of war] againft improvement, it becomes a matter of abfolute charity to inculcate with all poflible force the necef- fity of introducing a pradice, that of all o- thers feems to promife more general utility than any hitherto fandioned in the whole SYSTEM of FARRIERY*' * The ridiculous and contemptible pradice of "rubbing in hot oils" to every injury, every lamenefs,* every hi cration without exception3 U too abiurd to admit a fin de lino and its EFFECTS. 227 •% of animadverfion; the ruftomis now too well known, and becoming too generally fcouted, to require here the reprobation to vvhich it is fo fcricufly entitled. - Blistering is likewife a favourite re- medyfirft reforted to, by thofe who eagerly *' feizing the anchor of Hope, omit the ne- ceflary talk of deliberation, and ferret to diftinguifh between a tendinous lamenefs and afigamentary diftortion. Thefe errors are too fcandalous and too notorious to be palled over without remarks and too itrious net to be guarded againft by the too credulous owners of horfes of value, particularly when it is declared from unequivocal au- thority, that horfes have been very fre- ijueu.'Iy and hastily blijlered in one part^ when the lameness has been decifively proved in another. Such a variety of instances havcoccured within the laft twelve months, that it is impoflible to refift the prefent recolledion-*-' and commui.i:ation> p:.rd:ul:mly of two ■ • ■■ * tm* \ 228 FOMENTATION, recent and lingular cafes, one of which, (an Officer's horfe) had been thrice blistered in the fetlock joint behind, tho' the injury was evedently in the roundbone; and the*i other had been placed upon a bar fhoe, wet \ clay &C. by the moft emnient praditioners ■'Jff of the prefent day, for a defied in thee foot, tho' it was a palpable lameness of the Shoulder. Thus feeing the ill effects of a too hafty r decision, it fhould be the firft care, and it is moft earnestly recommended to the pro- fession in general, never to hazard a too eager predidion, either upon the case or its cure. To a man of fpirit it is a lingular mor- tification to have faid to-day, what his own 4- error compels him to contradid to-morrow; ^ , or to implicate aprcmife that he feels him- ' felf unable to perform,— a failing that is be- ^ come as it were an int.alive badge of the profeffiom Thefe,. obfervations have been brought and its EFFECTS. 229 '* ' r forward, as introdudory matter to a few remarks upon the falutary effeds and greatC advantages derived from the ufe of Fomeh- * tations, in difed confirmation of the idea ^previoufly fuggefted, that the" declaration of war" againft improvement in practice, . is the refult of habitual indolence ; in de- clining any preperation produ6tive of per- fonal trouble, when fo many old ftanding prefcriptions can be extemporaneoufly and deeply prepared from "Spirits of turpen- tine"— dif- ,, quietude. • If obferved in its early ftate, before any laceration has taken place by a repetition of the injury, the treatment already laid downin bruises and warbles may be per- fevered in, and with the greateft expeda- tion of fpeedy repulfion ; but if the part has been repeatedly bruifed by the fevere pressure and proportional fridion of the faddle, fo as to threaten a formation of mat- ter, however unpleafing the tafk may be, it had much better be expeditioufly encou- raged, by the ufe of the " Emollient Fomentation " with herbs ; poultices of Bread, Milk, White Lilly Root pounded to a Paste, (with a little Olive Oil in addition,)- daily, 'till the oozing from a partial open- ing, gives warning for a more general dif- charge ; when the aperture may be made with an abfeefs lancet, or a biftory, in fuch way as v/ill be moft likely to promote a plentiful flux of matter from the part. The £40 CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. wound may then be drefs'd with the com- mon Yellow Basilic-">n, fpread upon lint, and covered with the poultice for a day or two, 'till the contents of the fwelling, is perfedly liqti'ied, and has all run off; when upon minute inipection and accurate examination v ith a probe, fome fmall finus, perhaps, may be difcovered, that has been formed (as is frequently the cafe) by the corrofive property of the matter, and muft be treated in the folr lowing way : To thofe in the habits of veterinarian pradice it is well knm- n how \ ery ra- pidly fungous or proud flefh difplays itfelf in the Wounds of horfes ; to counterad and fubdue this v. ith confiftency, is the ex- cellence of the art of healing. Upon its firft appearance drcf, with the " Pre- cipitate Digestive ;" not fubmitting in two days, immediately exchange for and adhere to the " Strong," fliould which not fucceed in the fuppreffing its luxuriance, (lightlyfcarify the fusface, tranfvirfcly and CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 24J longitudinally with the edge of a lancet_ or bistory, daily, and drefs as already def- , cribed, 'till a cure is complete by this mode' only, which may be insured to a certainty, even in wounds of the greateft magnitude. Wherever there are Sinuses formed which run in various diredions from the point of the wither, and are cavities of different dimenfions in which the probe may be insinuated two, three, or four inches, no method is fo truly consistent, fo fafe, and invariably fuccefsful, as fy- ringing the part at every drefling with a long necked ivory fyringe, charged with Tincture ofMYRRHand Friar'sBalsam, equal parts, which conftantly stimulating the remote parts to a difcharge of their foul contents, is produdive of a found and fpeedy incarnation. Nor has a fingle cafe of Fistula occured within the pradice of the Author, that has not fubmitted to, and been completely cured by this treatment alone, without recourfe to the elaborate prepara- tions, (" to be poured into the parts affeded boiling hot,") fo forcibly recommended by 24^ CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. thofe who have formerly promulgated their opinions upon the fubjed. To prevent unnecessary repetition, which it is the peculiar purport of the prefent work to avoid, it muft fuffice. to obferve, that in all swellings,—tumours,—and wounds, arising from whatever caufe, the very ground work and gradational progrefs of cure is ftill fyftematically the fame. Tne constitutions, the blood, the juicet, the tendency of all habits and all fubject:., it is well known are not alike; a greater degree of resistance and inveteracy will be found infme than in others, consequently where the perfevering aid of Foment at ions, Poultice, Injetlion, and Drefjlngs are re- quired, they muft be continued ; and where the affiftance of Evacuants or Altera- tives become evidently neceflary to unload the vefifels or corred the property of the blood, they muft be obtained. CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 243 Q^U I T TOR,' Is a formation of matter on fome part of the circle between hair and hoof, originally * caufed by a bruife, tread, pundure by the erroneous infertion of a nail in fhoeing, or fome one of thofe accidental injuries where fuppuration is the inevitable confequence. As the matter colleds, it difplays itfelf in the conftantly increasing magnitude of the Tumour, and by at length forcing its way hrough the integuments in a variety of vvays, (as in one, two, or more openings) proves itfelf one of the moft ferious and impreflive cafes in the whole practice of Farriery. Reformation in this, feems to have made as little progrefs, as in many other parts of the profession ; for the old and cbftinate mode cauterization,— burning c< different holes with a red hot iron,"—insinuating: plugs of Corrofive Mercury—Roman Vitriol md a long lift of equally mild and fafe de- tergents, feems by much too prevalent 244 CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS; amongst the unenlightened, to hope for a very fpeedy obliteration.. Different instances of recent fuccefs might be adduced to recommend and eftablilh a more humane, more certain, and more ex- > peditious mode of cure ; but as the recital \ of fuch cafes can only become tedious to : an anxious and eager enquirer for the fpee- dieft means of relief, it becomes merely ne- ceflary to lay down fixed rules for the dif- tind modes of treatment when taken in its infancy, as well as when it has unluckily and inattentively been permitted to con- tinue unobferved, to an advanced and fevere ftage of inveteracy. "When even the indication of fuch a defect is early obferved, (as it always muft be by^ an experienced prudent Servant, or a judi- cious Master) the whole fuccefs of the, cafe depends upon the propriety or incon- J fiftency of the firft steps that are taken. So: foon as a fwelling (and concurring lame- ' t CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 245 nefs) in the part is perceived, the idea of ccunteraclion by spirituous repellents is ' fo truly" inconfiftent, that it cannot lay claim to the indulgence of a moment; fuch mode once adopted, doubly and trebly delays (in •ts event) the progrefs of fuccefs. The fooner the effort of nature is en- couraged, and the fwelling brought to ma- turation, the more concife arid fuperficid is the termination of the cafe ; poultices of Bread and Milk, a fmall portion of Barley Meal, and plentiful impregnation of white Lily Root, pounded to a pafte, with about half an ounce of common turpentine dif- fblved in each, fhould be placed upon the' center and furrounding parts (of a very considerable heat) every night and morning. When there is a perceptible fluctuation of matter, make an incifion upon the low-* eft part of the fwelling, that the matter may more eafily difcharge itfelf and run ofF; this becomes the more abfolutely neceflary, Y" 246 CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. as the longer it remains in the TUMOUR "the greater its property of corrcfion, and ^ power of devastation in forming finues of ] tranfverfe and longitudinal diredions, not :! only to the injury of the capfular ligament, but the articulation of the coffin with the Coronary Bone. Flowever, admitting the means to have been taken already recommended in the early stage, no fuch diftrefling fcene is to- be aprehended, whatever vacuum may have been occafloned, muft be daily fy- rin^ed with Compound Tidure of Myrrh, to cleanfe the wound and stimulate the veffels to throw off the load that furrounds them > a pledget of lint, impregnated with " Precipitate Digestive Oint- ment," (fee page 237) muft be infmuated loofsely into the mouth of each wound (if there are more than one) and having then a pledget of yellow Digestive upon the fur- face, the whole muft be covered with a poultice, not only to form a proper and easy CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 247 bed to the part, but to foften the uncon- coded contents of the Tumour, and artist in promoting the neceflary difcharge: this being the truly fyftematic mode of pro- ceeding 'till the cure is effeded. When the furface is perfedly cicatrized and free from pain upcn preflure, it may be hardened by touching night and morning with a dofiil of tow, impregnated with Aloetic Tincture, or Traumatic Ralfam, inftrudions for preparing which will be found near the cortclufion. Thus far is understood to be only a con- c'fe, eafy, and certain mode of cure, in all cafes attacked and counteraded in their earlieft appearance; but where from inat- tention, penury, orpufillanimityy it afiumes a different complexion, and bursts forth with redoubled violence, it inftantly be- comes a matter of the moft ferious dif- quietude, and is, to thofe unacquainted with the confequences, proportionally alarming. After forming, in its grada- tional progrefs, a colledicn of matter that 248 CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. has acquired additional power of corrofion by the length of its retention, it difplays its virulence in a fpontmeous but partial opening in fome particular part, and is frequently followed by a variety of openings for the efTufions of matter previoufly pent up in the different pipes (or finues) al- ready defcribed. In fuch stage off verity and danger theft is no alternative but to strike at the very root of the defecl, with an unremitting de- termination to effed a perfed and fpeedy eradication; this can only arife from a fteady perfeverance and bold exertion of the Manuel Operator and- Personal Superintendent. Poultices, as before defcribed, are to be continued in the way already mentioned; as each remote pipe or finues, has acquired its different degree of internal callofity, fuch cailofities can only be reduced by fuch corrofive es and detergents as become fuperior to that rigidity. What cannot be done by e::tern?d ap- CHAPTER or ACCIDENTS. 249 plication, muft be effeded by the force of . applicable infinuation; whatever openings ^J there may be with a hard, fistulous, or horney edge, let them be enlarged by a f cafes, where the crifis depends upon CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 259 ■* a formation of matter, would be cr- roneous, yet in /£/.*•, for reafons too prolix for imrodudion here, it becomes diredly in point to relieve nature from the op- prefiion under which ftie is found fe> evi- dently to labour. The mode of treatment neceflary to pur- fue upon a difcovery of the cafe, is prc- cifely the fame as laid down in 24 and the following pages, under a defcription of f< Obftruded Perfpiration, an J itsErFeds," with no other difference whatever,' than an adherence to warm emollient poultices to the glandular fwelling under the jaw, that fuppuration may be promoted. When the contents are fufficiently fofter.ed,'and an effort of nature is obferved in a fmall open- ing (which is generally the ca e) it will. be prudent to enlarge the orifice a little, when with daily drefs.ngs of the Yellow DiorsTiVE Ointjuent, covered with a proptr poultice, the wound fo-n heals -and 260TENDINOUS and LIGAMENTARY the diforder terminates, not unfrequently without the leaft medical affiftance. It may, however, not prove inapplicable to obferve, that there are many young horfes fo prone to a vifcidity of the blood and confequent diftenfion of the folids, as to difplay it in fwelled legs, cracked heels, distortions, arifing from fudden jerks, -—twifls or concuffions of the different joints; an adherence to the original plan of contrading each fubjed to its limited proportion of " a Compendium, " renders it unavoidable neceflary to rejed the prefling temptation of farther- difquifition, for the concife introdudion of fuch inftrudions as r experience amply justifies, for the feparate . treatment cf the two diftind kinds of lamenefs upon which we are now engaged,. To prevent the poflibility of mifcon-. .ception, let it be well understood, that ten- . dinous lamenefs is meant in all cafes where the mufcular fyftem is alone concerned; and ligamentary, where the caufe is more remote and confined to the joints. In the former there is generally a fwelling attends, occasioned by the temporary inflammation> 264TENDINOUS and LIGAMENTARY and that inflammation in proportion to the feverity of the injury fuftained. Much mifchief is frequently done by bliftering in this ftate.. The firft ftep to expeditious relief, is to bleed,by way of unloading theveflels and to affift in taking off the painful stricture upon the part.—Foment with fponges dipt in White Win* Vinegar, as hot as it can be ufed without fcalding, for twenty minutes night and morning, following up that operation with ten minutes bathing of the Saturnine Embrocation, and let the part be covered v/ith a flannel roller of sufficient length and breadth for the part ; the fubjed having the advantage of a loofe ftable (if it can be obtained) in preference to a ft all. STRENGTHENING SATURNINE EMBROCATION. Take Extrad of Saturn and Camphorated Spirits of Wine, each half a pint j mix and ufe as above-directed, ' LAMENESS'. 265 1| In moft flight injuries, particularly when early obferved and immediately adopted, f this mode of treatment is feldom known to j \ fail, and a mitigation or cure is obtained in *?J a fortnight or three weeks, with additional ^ I reft; on the contrary, where by negled, ^ inattention, or inhumanity, one injury has been heaped upom another. Blistering and turning cut are the only means upon which reliance can be made for permanent extrication. The painful operation of Cau- terization (or Firing) is the fafhionable pradice with fome, and like-the infernal fyitem of Cropping, (or in fad any other ad of cruelty J has its different votaries ;, -but with no fmall fhare of perfonal gratifi- 1. cation let it be promulgated, that thofe dreadful inftruments. the Firing Irons, in the Operative Farriery of the Recep- tacle, feem to be excluded from any fhare of the pradice : upon experimental convic- tion, they effed no purpofe but what may be obtained by a repetition Blifter, if pro-. 266TENDINOUSandLIGAMENTARY perly applied when the ftimulus of the for- mer has but juft subsided. Upon the fubjed of Ligamentary Lameness a variety of instances might be adduced to demonstrate the fafety, cer- tainty, and utility of the following prac- tice ; one recent cafe will however fu.'Mce, as a specimen for the unequivocal authen- ticity of the whole, where the treatment was fyftematically the fame, -and as uni- formly fuccefbful. In an early month of the prefent year, at * Carriage Horfe of the fet belonging to Sir H. G. C. Bart, was brought to the Recep- tacle, abfolutely dragging one of his hind legs after him ; holding forth, at firft fight, the fear of an 'incurable injury. Accurate examination foon proved the Lameness to be feated in the articulation of the round bone ; which being not only in fome degree deep feated, but severed and furrounded with the foft parts, it was natural to con- clude, nothing but great heat, penetrative LAMENESS. £07 power, and unremitting perfeverance, could excite fuflicient ftimulus to afford even a distant hope of permanent advantage. To effed this, the feat of injury and fur- rounding parts were fomented (fee page -231) with the moft unprecedented patience for ' more than half an .hour every morning, then as haftily wifped till dry, when the whole was plentiful bathed for fome time with the following Liniment, frequently fhaken for an equal incorporation of the . articles, and gently rubbed in to infure pe- r netration. During the time of cure, both j Sir H. and his Coachman were alternately witnefTes to the progrefs, and at the expira- tion of three weeks the horfe was returned, took his rotational work in the carriage, and has continued ever fince perfedly found, and without the leaft indication of Ijendernefs or relapfe. 268TENDINOUS ani>LIGAMRNTARY STIMULATIVE LINIMENT.* Take \? Camphire, one ounce and a halt; 1& » Kedified Spirits of Wine, one pint; fhake : together, 'till the Camphire is dif- ' folved, then add ^Etherial Spirits of . Turpentine, half a pint, and lastly of - Barbadoes Tar, three ounces ; let all which be fliaken well together, and kept clofe stopped for ufe in the way .already defcribed. In the ufe of this compofition, it muft be remembered to have the bottle well fliaken | at each time of pouring a fupply intothe \ hand; for almost immediately after the \ previous fhaking has fubfided, the Turpen- tine difuniting. itfelf from the other articles, J \f ' inftaneoufly floats upon the furface, and j if inadvertently applied in that way, may J unneceflarily inflame the part, and occafion ] a lofs of hair: a circumftance that never occurs when the application is properly performed. LAMENESS. 165 Of all cafes occurring under this head none can be fo truly difcouraging as thofe paffing under the denomination of" Shoul- der Cases;" for whether they originate in an injury fuftained by a relaxation of the Scapularian muscles, or a ligamen- tary diftortion at either jundion of the fhoulder bone, (viz. with the blade above or leg below) it is much to be regretted fo little profped of relief is held forth by the utmost exertion of Medical Interposition: send when it is confidered how little can be effeded by Art, and how much may be pro- duced by Rest, fo forcibly aflifted by the efforts of Nature, it becomes a matter of ferious deliberation with parties interested in the event how far it may be prudent to fet Profeffional afliftance and fuperftuous expence at defiance. Before we clofe this fubjed, let a few words of expoft ulation and advice be be- stowed upon the cruel, the unthinking, and the unwary. It is a fad not to be contro- A a lyo LAMENESS. * verted by the impudence of one rclafs, or the t> ignorance of another, that more horfes are lamed by indifcretion in one month, than by ^_ Accidents with good vsAGzinawhole year. W- The affertion requires no qualification, nb liA melioration to reconcile it to the caprice of . ,1 interested individuals, who confidently feel- ^ ing only for themfelves, own no wrong; but to the humane Master, the diurnal obferver of refledion, and the common Paffenger in and round the Metropolis, let the cruelties eternally pradifed upon this unoffending animal, be placed in rotational rumination, and mental impartiality will foon acknowledge to what caufes are to be attributed that great accumulation of injuries fo conftantly fuftained. CURBS, Come fo immediately under a fimilitude to, and the treatment of Bone Spavins, that not a fingle line is required in eluci- dation. Fomentation—Repetition Blister,—and upon non-fubmiflion flight ■: '"■5r TRIFLES. 271 cauterization with the Firing Irons, is all that can be-introduced upon the occafion. L A M P A S, -A Are nothing more than a preternatural J growth of the roof or upper arch of the , .;< horfe's mourh, which becoming too luxu- riant, projeds below the teeth of the upper jaw, and coming into.contad with the low- er teeth, prevents the perfed ad of mafti- fication without pain, by which means the * the horfe taking nutriment irregularly, is fre- quently difpirited,—low. in flefh,—inade- "• quate to his work, &c. Extirpation by burning, is the regular pradice, and when both neatly and expe ditioufly performed, is not to be objeded to ; the only inconveni- : ence attending that mode is, the great paf- fion the Operator in general has for " cutting deep enough," thereby laying ■•■»■ the bones bare, and rendering the horfe fhy for many months, before the recol- ledion is fliaken off. ^ —m ■■*■ fit *7* TRIFLES. Modern pradice recommends, and expe- rience justifies the more merciful mode of drawing the edge of the phleme tranf- ^ verfely and longitudinally acrofs the fleiliy % prominence, .which will contrad in pro- portion to the blood ex traded, and leave the fubject without a painful remembrance J* offo flight an operation. t . C A N K E R in the M O U T H, Is one of thofe difquietudes to the owner, and injuries to the animal, that never ori- ginates but- in the ill ufage of fome unprin- cipled brutifh fervant, or more brutal paffionate matter. Whenever fuch cafe occurs, it nineteen times out of twenty happens from thofe extravagant exertions in jagging the horfe's mouth with either the bits of Weymouth Bridles, or the port bits of harnefs. Upon examination in moft cafes of riu's kind, the jaw bone has fuf- tained injury, and exfoliations (splinters of the bone) generally follow; when TRIFLES. 273 whieh is the cafe, and all are extracted, a cure is very foon completed, with a daily wafhing with Tindure of Myrrh only. On the contrary, fhould any fuch lacera- tion have acquired a foulnefs and rigidity at the edges, unaccompanied by any palpa- ble fplinter, or threatened exfoliation, touch the edges with a lancet in various places ' two or three days in fucceffion, to destroy the fistulous callofity j then wafh the part daily with a fponge, dipt in the following folution;— Take Burnt Alum and Borax, each one drachm,, rub to a fine powder, and diflblve in fprin^ water a quarter of a pint; then add Tindure. of Myrrh, one ounce. SANDCRACKS and RINGBONES, For permenant relief or fubftantial cure, fubmit only to the Operation of Firing, and that in the hands of thofe perfonally A*a2 *74 TRIFLES. qualified to execute the truft with a proper degree of raanuel dexterity,- the great art of decifion depending upon the lineofcri- terim doing neither too little, nor too much. MALLENDERS and SALLENDERS, 9 Are too well known in their fituation and appearance, to ftand in need of much de- fcription ; they confift of acrimonious fharp difcharges, or dry harfh fcurf or fcabs at the bacKs of the knees, and the infide of the hocks behind, and are only to be got rid of by the following means. If recent and but newly obferved, frequent fubftantial warnings with thin gruel and daily impreg- nation with equal parts of camphorated Spermacoeti Ointment and Mercurial mixed together, may effed a total obliteration; but if either cafe is of long ftanding, fubmiflion can only be expeded to a perfeverance in the Mercurial Ointment alone, \: FARCY. 275 FARCY. 4- From the fuppofed verfatility of its ap- *■ A pearance comes thus late under confidera- tion; not from a want of refped, to the magnitude of the fubjed, but becaufe the nature and contraded extent of this publi- _ cation would not admit of fuch explanatory:e matter as might tend to fwell it beyond the bounds originally propofed, &and which it is intended to adhere to. The predominant points which the moft curious or interefted enquirer can poflibly wifh to afcertain, is its diftinguifhed traitsy —whether it is infectious?—as well as whe- ther it is bona fide and abfolutely incurable ? If we were to indulge the temptation, and embark in definition, we might perhaps fairly and fyftematically divide it into two claffes of partial and univerfal Farcy -, which would in the event lead us to much theoretic as well as practical reafoning: that being however rendered impracticable for the reafons just mentioned, we proceed to Hk *7* FARCY. fuch remarks only, as can be introduced. f upon the prefent occafion.. It is well known, that under the judicious: and infallible didationof Vulcanian Pro- cessors, every « formation of matter" is, denominated " Farcy ;' more particularly if fuch circumstance has happened without any diftind or known caufe for. its appear- ance.. So many of which constantly occur- ring, as meer efforts of Nature to difbur- then herfelf from an accumulated load of motbid matter, and being as conftantly cured with fafety, furnifhes us with suffici- ent reafon to difmifs fuch part of the fub- jed, without a fear of its being at any time either infeSiious. or incurable.. It is not fo with refped to the well- known and confirmed Farcy, making one univerfal attack and general appearance upon the whole frame; that it is infec- tious, recent experience has demonstrated; J»' to a certainty, how far it is to be declared. FARC Y. 277 abfolutely incurable, a little longer time mutt be allowed to afcertain. This diforder is announced by a greater ' or lefs proportion of pustules upon dif-*. ferent parts of the frame ; varying a little in property and progrefs, according to the ftate of the^blood at the commencement of difeafe. In fome the eruption is hard and warty, in others a fcurfy efchar is easily fe- > , parated from the furface, and is then fol- \$$ lowed by either acrimonious ichor, or an adhesive glutinous offensive matter car- rying with it every appearance of inveteracy. To investigate the caufe or to reafon fcientifically upon effeds, is not the prefent objed; to reduce the difeafed blood, and to alter the property of what remains by a variation in food, are the leading fteps to alleviation. To corred acrimony by al- teratives, and coUnterad the tendency of the whole fyftcm by external application, as well as attempt a general revulsion by a courfe of Mercurial Purgatives, is all 27S FARCY. that can be adopted upon the occafion; having in constant* remembrance, the per- fe6t affurance, that from a reliance only ■) upon the excellent monitor, " Perfevere and Conquer," can be entertained a hope of fuccefs. Bleed upon the firft appearance,'in pro- portion to the ftate and fize of the horfe, and repeat it in four, five, or fix days, ac- cording to the ftate of the blood. Put him upon a different nutriment to .what he has been accuftomed for the three months pre- ceding ; give a few^malt mafhes at night, &nd a few old beans in the corn of a morning. If the puftules are of the hard and warty kind, rub in a moderate quantity of the Mercurial Ointment upon the moft pro- minent every other day for thrice; which follow with a daily wafhing of the following lotion for a week : obferving, that where the puftules are of the moift and fcurfy kind,they maybe daily walhedwith the Lotion only. FARCY. *7* ^-Take Corrofive S "Mimate, two drachms, Redified Spirits of Wine, half a pint. Spiiog Water, one pint. Let the Mercury be rubbed in a glafs mor- ar to an exceeding fine powder, then add by degrees the Spirits, and laftly the Water j with which fliaken together, every part af- feded may be plentifully moiftened, by means of a fmall piece of fponge conftantly impregnated with the compofition, During the time thus employed, a courfe of Mercurial Phyfic, either " Mild or Strong," adapted to the fize and ftrength of the horfe, fhould be going on, allowing feven or eight clear days between the dofes; during which clear days, from the fetting ofone dofe of phyfic, to the administration of another, one of the f c Alterative Pow- ders" may be given nightly in the malt mafh, and the fame plan perfevered in between the different dofes, ll« IN C U R A B LE S. I Should any collateral afliftance be (till "1 required, recourfe may be had to the Mer- curial Alteratives defcribed page 152, .-;.j£ Jvhere inftrudions will be found for their •preparation. INCURABLES,' BROKEN WIND, AND r The GLANDERS. r '■A. Broken Wind is a defect originally oc- t rafioned by a foul and vifcid ftate of the blood, which remaining unattended to in its infancy, degenerates to an habitual \ rigidity ; the lungs become preternaturally ^ diftened by the conftantlv accumulating obftrudions in finer veffels, constituting -fuch perceptible difficulty of refpiration, . (particularly during increafed exertion) as to hold forth conviction, that fome of the : - infinity of impalpable pafiages having be- come impervious, by an evident obftrudion #. *jarifing from a vifcidity of the blood, fo \t __________ - J INCURABLES. 281 others have become ruptured by the pow- erful fpafmodic affedion of coughjijg, in an endeavour to fhake it off. Cure in fuch cafes is not, nor cannot be ex- pected. That Tar Water, fo indufturoufly circulated and creiuloufly fxallowed as a fpecific, may (like any other Pedoral De- tergent) contribute its aid to the great hope of mitigation, fhall not be denied; but that or any other prcmifcd cure can only prove a prelude to difappointment. The more the lobes of the lungs are preffed upon by the contents of the ftomach, the greater muft be the difficulty ofrefpiration; hence arifcs the neceffity for fmall quantities of hay and water at each time of fupply, and parti- cularly previous to any increafed orbrifk adion. As fweet, found, healthy nutriment is known to generate blood, fo blood (if the horfe is a fair foederj may be taken away in a moderate quantity, whenever the malady is obferved to become more diftrefling.--. Such fteps may be followed occasionally 282 INCURABLES. (particularly in cafe of cold caught) with , two or three "Pectoral Cordial orDe- tergent Balls," for fo many Mornings in "fuceflion,— Maflies at night, with ho- ney, or in fad any of thofe invigorating articles that tend to enliven the circulation and overcome obltrudions. v GLANDERS Originates in a tumefaction of the glands and a fubfequent difcharge from the nos- trils, which in its firft appearance is rather periodical than perpetual; being on fome days exceedingly copious and on others * hardly perceptible. In this early ftate a «} kind of coagulum is frequently thrown out with fudden -exertions of porting, as if it was an effort of Nature to difburthen her- felf from the accumulating load of morbidity. When the fubjed has been fome time affeded, the difcharge becomes conftant; and fooner or later, according to the ftate or peculiar conftitution of the objed, he begins to difplay fymtoms of inveteracy^ INCURABLES. 283 by a depreflion of fpirit and bodily laflitude, indicating as it were a confcioufnefs of his impending diffolution. The difcharge then appears vifcid and flimy, inclining to a tinge' of yellow, but not yet offenfive; this is gradationalty followed by trifling and super- ficial streaks of blood, imperfedly blended with, or rather trickling upon the furface of the matter ; to which fucceeds a kind of grey orafh coloured difcharge, that in- creafes fo much in the quantity, the varie- gation of colour, and the offenfive effluvia from the whole that it is impofiible (after the defcribed progrefs) for any rational in- veftigator to give an erroneous decifion upon &ne cafe. Whatever experiments may have been hitherto humanely interpofed with an anxious and laudable defire to prevent fo many valuable animals from inevitable de- ftrudion, the moft indefatigable exertions of Profeffional individuals have not yet been crowned with the moft diftant prcfpecl of success. On the contrary, this fevere 284 MEDICINES, a MO and inexplicable diforder ftanding confirmed an incurable calamity, horfes are prudently doomed to death, (as the only relief to their fufierings) fo focn as they are known to have become the Victims of fo diftrefling a Fatality; and this fentence (however reluctantly) is pafled with the grateft pru- dence, when it is recolledcd, that the in- fectious property is fo predominant-, that (like the vibrating power of an eledrical fhock) it communicates its deftrudive miafma to every fubjed that comes within its reach. MEDICINES, AND their ADULTERATION, Is a fubjed of fo much magnitude in its deceptive effeds, that a great variety of explanatory matter might be introduced in dired corroboration; but as it cannot be expeded * that any expoftulary admonition here, can be happily produdive of cne gc- their ADULTERATION. 2S5 neral reformation in the Professional Practice of Adulteration, or the equally infauvjus cuftom of Tubftituting one article for another in the preparation of Medical Prescriptions ; little more ca;i be done by even the beft and moft powerful advocates,than to warn the Public of fuch want of integrity, and to prevent if poflible every individual from contributing to a fup- port of fuch iniquity, by purchasing medi- cines not posTefling a fourth part of the Genuine article, under which appellation they are diurnally palmed upon the Public in the retail trade, in almoft every part of the three kingdoms- In dired proof and by way of fpecimen may be held forth the nMlfi eternaJIv dif- penfed for Liquorke—Anifeed—Turmeric— Ftenugrec*—Biapente—and a long lift of et ceteras compounded with ground horfe beans—flour—peas—■ meal, &c. impreg- nated with enough of the original (whofe name it bears) to give it the neceiiary effluvia that may fandion the deceit; but 286 MEDICINES, and which articles, if they were genuine, would cost nearly double the fum at the fountain head of commerce, for what they are difpenfed at the counters of the mer- cenary and the necessitous. It is perhaps to be lamented that hu- man depravity fhould ftand in need of a compulsive excitement to the pradice of honesty; in which perfuafion if we indulge even for a moment, the natural fuggeftion prefents itfelf, that no one legal injunction could be more ac- ceptable, more salutary, than an act to prevent the fhameful adulteration of medicine, frcm which alone fo much villainy, fo much kfis, and fo much diurnal deception, enfo.es. Thus much only by way of holding forth aufefid hint to thofe fagacious Solomons, who are in eternal purfuit of bargains,__ cheap ftiops and rare medicines; having communicated which, it now only remains their ADULTERATION. 287 to particularize a concife lift of fuch ufeful articles as are evidently neceflary for gen- tlemen reflding in remote parts of the coun- try, to prevent laying themfelves open to the before recited impofitions upon every occafion, or the neceffity of difpatching meflengers to country towns or villagefarriers upon e- very triflingemergency. Tincture of Myrrh,—Friars Balsam1, ■—Extract of Saturn,— (commonly called Goulard,) Camphorated Spir'it* of Wine,—Liquid Laudanum,—Olive Oil,—Yellow Digestive, as well as Camphorated Spermacceti Ointment, —Fomentation Herbs, dried in the sum- mer and preferved for the winter, — a Clyster Pipe, or two of proper dimen- sions, as well as an Ox Bladder or two to correfpond,—a few Purging,— Cordial, — and Diuretic Balls, as well as for Gripes or Fret, with fome Lint, Tow, ~and Flannel rollers, of different lengths and breadths; all or any of which will be 288 MEDICINES, and consigned to any part of England, by tranA mitting an order to the Medical Disfen- sary of the Receptable. That however gentlemen may pofTefs the advantage of perfonal preparing fuch articles as are eafy of compofition, the formula of thofe are fubjoined, as objeds of convenience, and confequently worthy at- tention.. CAMPHORATED SPIRITS. Take \ Camphire one ounce and half, cut to pieces and diflblve in a pint of Redified Spirits of Wine; which keep clofe stop- ped for ufe. YELLOW DIGESTIVE OINTMENT. Take Bees Wax, one pound, Yellow Refin, twelve ounces, Burgundy Pitch, half a pound, Olive Oil, two pintsj, their ADULTERATION. 2*y Lard, half a pound, ^ Common Turpentine, fix ounces, Melt the Wax, Refin, and Pitch with the Oil gradually, then take it from the fire, add the turpentine, and itir 'till cold. CAMPHORATED SPERMACCETI OINTMENT. Take Spermacceti, half a pound, White Wax, four ounces, Sweet Olive Oil, one pint and hah\ And Camphire, cne ounce. Melt the firft articles over the fire in the Oil, which take off and stir in the Cam- phire previoufly powdered, (with the af- fiftanceof a few drops of Spirits of Wine) in a Metal Mortar. In addition to whatever the accurate and attentive experience of the AuTHoa 29& MEDICINES, an6 has enabled him most refpedfully to com- municate for the much wifhed for im- provement in the long 'negleded art of farriery, he begs permiffion to fay, that the very flattering marks of approbation, that have fo conftantly reached him from the most diftinguiflied charaders, in dired co- incidence with the prefling perfuafions of others equally high in the sporting world (upon the unprecedented fuccefs and cir- l > dilation of his "StableDirectory") first v *-; induced him to render the whole a com- | plete chain of convenience to the Kingdom in general, by the perfonal preparation of ^ his moft efficacious prefcriptions j apian L fo evidently calculated to eradicate the t foundation of Empirical Imposition and 1 Medical Adulteration, it can create no furprize (after a conftantly increafincr ' ordeal of feven years) that their eftabliflied reputation lhould have been fo hLhly k honoured with the ftamp of public approbation, FINIS. INDEX. ANIMAL CEconomy, p. 63, 8p, Acute Difeafes, 122. Alterative Powder, 149. Accidents, Chapter of, 232, B. Blood, the Rate of, p. 14. , the acrimony of 62. Balls for Stranguary, 139. ——, Mercurial Alterative, 150. , Mild Purging, for Worms, 15?. 1----, Strong ditto, ditto, 154. ----, for Gripes and Fret, 127- ----, for obftinate Cough, 16o. Blows, 218, 233, Bliftering, 227. Bruifes, 233. Broken Wind, 280. C. Craffamentum, p. 18. Cracked Heels, 30, 7 7. Cafe, 31, 46, 99, 104, ,106 142, 173, 266. Cordial Balls, 42. Curious Meeting, 46. Cough, Cold, &c. 26, 157, INDEX ■» > Peftoral Decoction for, 163, ——, Mafhes for, 26, 163. Caftor, Oil of, p. 170. Corns, 197. Curbs, 270. Canker, 272, D. Difeafe, progrefs of p. 8, -----, fymptoms of, 11. Defperate Practice, 44. Dr. James's Powder, 54. Diuretics, 72. Drink for Fret, 130. •----, Purgative, 125. E. Equeftrian Phyfician, p. 7. Emetic Tartar, effefts of, 51. Eyes, the defedls of, 216. F. Farriers deficiency, caufe of, p. 2. Farriery, profeffors of 8. Fomentations, 69, 225, 231. Fret, 122, 120. Feet ruined, how, 180. Fiftula, 238. Fungus, 240. Farcy, 257. INDEX. G. Grooms judgment, p. 31. Greafe, 76. Gripes, 122. Glyfler for Gripes or Fret, 124. } for Stranguary, 140. ■ > for Bots, 155. Generofity, 208. Glanders, 280. H. Horfe Doftor, ftigma upon, p. 4. Hidebound, 85. Hoofs, difference in, 209. J- Jaundice, p. 167. ■----, Balls for, 169. Injection, Detergent, 249,, Incurables, 289. L Liquid LaucRnum, p. 52, 13 c. Lungs, the Difeafes of, 156. Liver, the Difeafes of, 165. Lamenefs, 260. •----, Tendinous, 263. —---, Ligamentary, 266'. ■----, Shoulder, 266. Lampas, 271. I N D E Lotion, Mercurial, 278. M. Medical Myftery, p. 70. Mafhes, 84. Mange, 85, 89. Management of the Feet, 177, 199. Mallenders, 274. Medicines, remarks upon, 284* , N. Nitre, its effe&s, p. 29,^35, -Nutritive Aliment, 43. O. Ointment, Precipitate Digeftive, 237. ----, Yellow Digeftive, 288. ——, Camphorated, 289* P. Perfpiration, p. 2 3. Purgatives, 72. Purging, neceffity for, 93. -----, inftrudions for, 11 o., Poultices, 239. Proud Flefh, 24a Ql ' Qttittor, p. 243* I N D E X. R. Ringbones, p^ 7 3. S. Symptoms of Difeafe, p. 11. Strangury, 11, 136. Size and Serum, 17. Swelled Legs, 66, 83. Scratches, 66. Surfeit, 85. Shoeing, 177. ; Stopping»-for^eet, 214'. * Swellings, 233. ""^V " V^'x, Saturnine Embrocatie*s*z^'1&6o n Sitfaft,^* % Sinus, 241?". >ti <■•.*• ^. . • -* \ Spavins, ^Blo^d, _ 251. • \ ----, Bon!k,4i££> \ Splent§>. 2^.-_ V;V -----fiSolvefltVor, 256. ..* ./> ?> N»v ^ Strangrak258. 0 ^ X StimulativrCifSrtftntjiB.'^ ^.^fc^ Sandcracks, 273. Sallenders,~274. ' '*""*'*■- ♦Spirits Camphorated, 28"8T T. Thrufh, p. 79. Tumours, 127* INDEX. w. Worms, p. i 44. '----, Powders for, 149. * ■----, Purging Balls for, 152, Warbles, 23$+ ^r^r Ai^*.*^; vV «*c •* ^ ^ > \ v i *y? f 5f i *. \# "% 1^ W*- * • ^\ ' V*J -^..^ \ QtV&Jli * mJ* ** (tyeH>A^ \y'f'/. &> /££& // /?$? fle£rif^ l.M Z- >■■ l> ■r}'7%^ ..; ■ n :» ■ ■