1 %> COMPENDIUM FLORAE PHILADELPHICiE: CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION INDIGENOUS AND NATURALIZED PLANTS FOUND WITHIN A CIRCUIT OF TEN MILES AROUND PHILADELPHIA. BY WILLIAM P. C. BARTON, M. D. STJJIGEON IN THE U. STATES* NAVT, AND OF THE NAVAL HOSPITAL AT PHILADELPHIA; AND PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNITEB6ITT OF PENNSYLVANIA. EST TWO VOLUMES. f*\ < ;'"" /4 VOL. I. PHILADELPHIA: I ' > £ i ^ '> ■^ == > \e '-■ & PUBLISHED BY M. CAREY AND SON, «^. ' V / NO. 126, CHESNUT STREET. ^S^ S 1818. Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to -wit. BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the ninth day of July, in the forty-third year of the Independence of the United States of America, A. D. 1818, William P. C. Barton, M. D. of the said district, hath deposited in this office the title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as author, in the words following, to wit: "Compendium Florx Philadelphicx: Containing a description of the Indigenous and Naturalized Plants found within a circuit of ten miles around Philadelphia. By William P. C. Barton, M. D. Surgeon in the U. States' Navy, and of the Ni al Hospital at Philadelphia; and Professor of Botany in the University of Pennsylvania. In tioo volumes." In conformity to the act of the congress of the United States, entitled "An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the au- thors and proprietors of such copies, during tile times therein mentioned;" and also to the act entitled, "An Act supplemen- tary to an act entitled * An Act for the encouragement of learn- ing, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times there- in mentioned,' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving and etching historical and other prints." D. CALDWELL, Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. TO ZACCHEUS COLLINS, Esq., A PATIENT AND SUCCESSFUL CULTIVATOR OF THAT SCIENCE, THE INTERESTS OF WHICH THIS UTTLE WORK IS DESIGNED TO PROMOTE; THESE PAGES, WITH ESTEEM FOR HIS TALENTS AND ATTAINMENTS, ARE RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED. PREFACE. THIS little work is offered te the public, with a sincere wish that it may be found to facilitate the study of Botany in this city. During the Author's frequent excursions with his Botanical Class, into the neighbouring country, he has been very sen- sible of the want of a local Flora of this nature. His Prodromus, which contained all the plants he had met with, at the period of its publication, was not only inconvenient from its size, but, a want of the localities of the plants enumerated, lessened its usefulness for the student. Besides, of that work, there remain but a few copies, the edition hav- ing been very small. The present work has been written entirely in English, the more easily to assist the tyro, and with a hope too, that it would be more likely to invite the attention of those to the study of botany, who might not be willing to encounter the laborious task of reading descrip- tions of plants in the Latin technical phraseology, always constrained, and never alluring, either from its elegance or purity. All the plants de- scribed in this Flora, with the exception of about twenty have been personally collected by the Author—and in all cases of doubt or difficulty, re- PREFACE. course has been had to the Herbarium* of the late Dr. Muhlenberg, in the American Philosophical Society, whereby all tbft certainty has been at- tained which a source so authentic could produce. The synonyms have been added to reconcile to the student, apparent confusion and incongruities. By the kindness of Mr. Nuttall, I have availed myself of the use of his work in quoting the genera. The enthusiastic devotedness of that gentleman to the study of American plants, and more particular- ly of their generic characters, are highly honoura- ble to his acumen, and his spirit of discovery and research; and have resulted in such a work as will doubtless accelerate a correct acquaintance with American Plants. • It is a matter of no little satisfaction that I mention as the property of the American Philosophical Society, this valu- able and authentic Herbarium consisting of Dr. Muhlenberg's entire collection of American plants. The well-known cir- cumspection and patience of that botanist, and the length of time in which the herbarium was arranged, add greatly to its value as authority. It is but due to those concerned, to remark, that at a period when this herbarium was eagerly sought after, not only by persons in distant states, but by foreigners, it was proffered by the son of Dr. Muhlenberg, whose property it became, to Mr. Collins, for the American Philosophical Society, at a price con- siderably less than might otherwise have been obtained for it; and this gentleman improving the occasion, promptly purcha- sed it with a view to its ultimate destination as a part of the mu- seum of that institution to which it has since been presented by Mr. Zaccheus Collins, Chief Justice Tilghman, Dr. Wistar, Dr. James, Mr. George Pollock, Mr. William Short, Mr. John Vaughan, Dr. Champan, and Dr. Dorsey. PREFACE. The author deems it a duty to himself to state, that the Flora Philadelphica, which he has pledged himself to the public to publish, on a large scale, and with original plates of most of the unfigured plants in our neighbourhood, he is still engaged in, and by gradual, slow, but sure steps, he hopes in a few years, to present such a work as Ameri- cans and foreigners have a right to expect in the Flora of Philadelphia, from its distinguished Uni- versity. Philadelphia, July llf/i, 1818. ABBREVIATIONS, &c. L. Linnaeus. Mich. Mich. fl. Boreal. Am. Mich.f. Mich, the younger, Arbres, forest. Willd. Willdenow's Species Plantarum. Willd. ennm. Willdenow's Enumeratio Plant, &c. Nutt. Nuttall, Gen. Am. Plants. Lam. Lamarck. Muhl. Muhlenberg's Catalogue, and when connected with grasses, his Descriptio Ubcrior, &c. B. is prefixed to the descriptions of the author. h designates trees and shrubs. MONANDRIA. CALLITRICHE. [ 2 j CLASS I. MONANDRIA. ORDER II. DIGYNIA. 1. Callitriche, L. Gen. PI. 17. (Najades.) Calix inferior, 2-leaved. Corolla 0. Seeds 4, naked, compressed. heterophyiia. 1. C. upper leaves spathulate-obovate ; lower ones linear, obtuse, and emarginated; occasionally all the leaves linear. C. verna. Willd. sp. pi. 1. p. 28. C. aquatica. Smith, Fl. Brit. C. autumnalis. Willd. sp. pi. p. 29. C. linearis. Pursh, Fl. Am.'Sep. vol. i. p. 3. A very varying plant, putting on at different seasons of the year, such amorphous appearances, that it has been described as distinct species by botanists, under the different synonyms ■ above enumerated. Dr. James Edward Smith first noticed the identity of C verna and C. autumnalis. I have adopted Pursh's specific name, as it sufficiently expresses the variations in the leaves ; but his C. linearis is nothing more than one of the ca- pricious states of this singular plant. «* The leaves of the calix are described by Desfontaines as being concave, and lunate, with the filament as long as the ca- lix : in the American plant the stem is compressed, and bifistu- lous, for floating ; the lower branches with narrower and often emarginated leaves, producing only male or female flowers, the central branches with retuse, spathulate oval, 3-nerved leaves, bearing those which are hermaphrodite, with the sta- mens much exserted." Nuttall. In springs, rivulets, and brooks, where the water is clear- along the Schuylkill, in such places—on the bank-walk to the Woodlands most abundant—in Jersey along the course of the Delaware, and elsewhere. Annual. Flowers from May to July- DIANDRIA LIGUSTRUM. VERONICA. LEPTANDRA. HEMIANTHUS. GRATIOLA. LINDERNIA. CATALPA. JUSTICIA. UTRICULARIA. LYCOPUS. CUNILA. HEDEOMA. MONARDA. SALVIA. COLLINSONIA. CIRCjEA. LEMNA. CRYPTA. [ 4 ] CLASS II. DIANDRIA. ORDER I. MONOGYNIA. 2. Ligustrum. Gen.pl. 23. (Jasmine*.) Cor. 4-cleft; berry with 2-cells, 2-seeds in each cell. vuigare. 1. L. leaves ovate-lanceolate, very entire sometimes blunt, sometimes a little pointed ; pannicle with 3-divisions. Icon. Eng. Bot. 764. Privet. Prim. Print. A shrub growing to the height of four or five feet. Leaves sometimes growing by threes. Berries black, persistent. Flowers in pannicles, white. Often met with in our neigh- bourhood ; and sometimes in situations where it has every ap- pearance of growing wild. It is, however, supposed to be iutroduced, though Dr. Muhlenburg has it in his catalogue as a native plant In hedges, on the margins of fields and woods. On the high hills of the Wissahickon, near the mill on the Ridge road. July. 3. Veronica, L. Gen. PI. 32. (Pediculares.) Cal. 4-parted. Cor. rotate, 4-lobed, unequal, the lower segment narrower. Caps. 2-cel- led, obcordate. Seeds few. JYutt. •fficinaiis. 1. V. lateral spikes pedunculated, leaves opposite, obovate,or roundish, hairy ; stem hairy and pro- cumbent. Willd. ■ Icon. Engl. Bot. 765. Fl. Dan. 248. Wood- ville's Med. Bot. DIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 5 The

3, V. racemes lateral, leaves ovate, flat; stem re- beccabunga, pent. Icon. Engl. Bot. 655. Fl. Dan. 511. Brooklime. Leaves shining. Flowers beautiful blue. In clear springs and rivulets, running through meadows. Tolerably frequent. Perennial. June, July. 4. V. racemes lateral and alternate ; pedicels droop- icuteiiata. ing, leaves linear, sometimes entire, and at others serrated. Icon. Engl. bot. 782. Fl. Dan. 209. Scull-cap Speedwell. Narrow-leaved Marsh Speed* •well. In meadows with very moist bottom ; along- the margins of rivulets and brooks ; on the borders of the Delaware, below the navy yard. Common. Perennial. July and later. (This species has been made a new genus, without good grounds.) 5. V. flowers solitary, leaves ovate, cut-serrate, agrestic shorter that the peduncles; stem procumbent j seeds pitcher-shaped. Smith. Fl. Brit. Germander; Field-Speedwell. Forget-me-not. Flowers blue- Annual. Rare. In fields when found. May. 2-* 6 DIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. peregrina. 6. V. flowers sessile ; leaves linear-lanceolate, den- tate and sometimes very entire j stem erect. Willd. &? Vahl. V. Caroliniana, Walt. fl. Car. p. 61. V. Marilandica, Murr. Com. Goett. 1782. p. 11. t. 3. V. Romana, AUionii, Trans. Lin. Soc. vol. i. p« 192. V. Romana, Lin. Mantiss. 317. V. Carnosula, Lam. illustr. 1. p. 47. Icon. Murr. 1. c. Fl. Dan. 407. Neck-weed. Knot-grass-leaved Speedwell. An ordinary looking amorphous plant, found in and near dirty ditches, and in cultivated grounds. Common, particu- larly in the Neck. Flowers small, white, fugacious. Annu- al. May to August. 4. Leptandra, Nuttall. Gen. Am. PI. (Antirrhinex.J Cal. 5-parted, segments acuminate. Cor. tu- bular-campanulate, border 4-lobed, a little ringent, unequal, the lower lamina narrower. Stamina and at length the pistillum much exserted; filaments below, and tube of the corolla pubescent. Capsule ovate, acumi- nate, 2-celled, many-seeded, opening at the summit? JYutt. VT^inica. 1. L. stem erect, angular. Leaves verticillate, lan- ceolate, serrate. Spikes somewhat terminal, long. Veronica Virginica, auctorum. Icon. Pluk, aim. t. 70. f. 2. Virginian Speedxvell. Tall Veronica. This plant has been very judiciously, though boldly, sepa- rated from the genus Veronica, where it always had a forced alliance. Stem from three to six feet high, angular. Leaves mostly in threes, fives and sixes ; always verticillate. Flowers white, DIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 7 very numerous, on aggregatedspikes. Somewhat rare, though Slentiful where found- Woodlands, on the bluff of a hill bor- ering the Schuylkill; and in a shady wood near Potoclton. Pe- rennial. July and August. 5. Hemianthus, Nuttall. (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Ph. Vol. I. p. 119.) (Lisimachice.J Cal. tubular, 4-toothed at the border, cleft on the under side. Cor. monopetalous bi-la- biate; tube gibbous, upper lip obsolete truncate, lower lip 3-parted, curved inwards in an arch, truncate. Stam. with bifid fila- ments, the lateral stipes bearing anthers. Style, bifid. Cap, 1-locular, 2-valved, many- seeded. Seeds shining, ovate. Nutt. 1. H. Root fibrous. Stem dichotomous, filiform, micramhe- repent, crowded with leaves. Leaves sessile, sub- moides- elliptic, or oblong-elliptic, entire, opposite, and ternate, obsoletely 3-nerved. Nutt. abr. Herpestris micranthra Pursh ? Icon. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Ph. Vol. I. t. 6. fig. 2. A minute, creeping, sub-aquatic plant, detected July, 1817, first by Mr. Nuttall, and Uie succeeding day found plentifully by him and myself, on the low gravelly shores of the Delaware, at low tide, near Kensington. Grows in company with Isoetes lacustris, Tillaea. Nutt. Limosella teuifolia. Nutt. Cryptamini- ma, Nutt. Eriocolon fiavidulum, and Alismasubulata. Pursh. Annual, flowers from the last of July to September. 6. GratiolaL. Gen. pi. 37. (Scrophularix.) Cal. 5-parted, often bi^bracteate at the base. Cor. tubulose, resupinate, and sub-bilabiate; the upper lip, 2-lobed or emarginate; the lower 3-cleft and equal. Filaments 4,—2 fertile, the other 2, for the most part, sterile. Stigma 2-valved, many-seeded. Dissepi- ment contrary to the valves. •urea, Muhl. vjrginica. anemia ta. Mubl. DIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 1. G. leaves broad-linear, sessile, very entire 3-nerv- ed, spotted on their upper sides ; peduncles op- posite nearly as long as the leaves, destitute of abortive filaments. Pursh. G. officinalis Mich. fl. am. 1. p. 6. G. Caroliniensis Pers. ench. 1. p. 14. Golden-Pert. Flowers golden-yellow colour. Leaves yellow green. Plen- tiful in the ditches of Jersey, particularly on the way-sides of the road to Woodbury ; also in ditches near the swampy. woods about a quarter of a mile from the ferry-house opposite Gloucester point. It delights in sandy wet places, and dirty ditches. Perennial. August. 2. G. leaves obovate-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, dentated, nerved, smooth ; peduncles alter- nate, very short; capsules pointed, longer than the calix. Pursh. G. acuminata, Vahl. enum. pi. 1. p. 92. exelus. Svn. (Pursh.) Virginian Hedge-hyssop. Flowers whitish or rather ocroleucous. In pools, ditches, and slow-running streams ; common. Perennial. June, July. 8. Lindernia. (Scrophularia.J Cal. 5-parted, nearly equal. Cor. tubulose, bi-labiate; upber lip short, emarginate ; lower trifid, unequal. Filaments 4, the 2 longer forked, and sterile. Stigma bilamel- late. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved; semini- ferous dissepiment parallel with the valves. Nutt. 1. leaves ovate, attenuated at the base. A small plant very much branched, with short, ovate nar- row-based leaves, and axillary, sessile purple flowers. Along the margins of dirty ditches in sandy soil, Jersey. Plentiful in such places, on or near the Woodbury road, about a mile or two from Camden. I have never found it on the west side of the Delaware. Annual. August. DIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 9 8. Cat alp a. Jussieu. (Bignonix.J Cal. 2-parted. Cor. campanulate, tube ven- tricose, border 4-lobed, unequal. Stam. 2, fertile, filaments 3, sterile. Stigma bi-la- mellate. Caps siliquaeform, long, cylindric, 2-valved; Dissepiment opposite to the valves. Seed membranaceously margined and tufted at the extremities. Nutt. 1. C. leaves cordate, flat. cordifoiia. Bignonia Catalpa, Willd. sp. pi. 3. p. 289. Catalpa svringaefolia, Sims in Bot. Mag. 1094, and Pursh.' Fl. Am. Sep. Vol 1. p. 10. C. bignonioides. Walt. fl. car. p. 64. Icon. Schmidt, arb. t. 41. (Pursh.) Mich. fil. Ar- bres Forest. Catalpa-tree. Catawba-tree. Schawnes-wood. A beautiful and ornamental tree. It grows rapidly, and not only affords a fine shade by reason of its large leaves, but, when in flower, affords a magnificent object for the sight. The flowers are white, speckled with purple, yellow, and pale pink. Mr. Nuttall, seems to doubt whether this tree is really indigenous in the United States ; though lie says, on the au- thority of Gov. Harrison, that it exists in considerable quanti- ties in the forests of the Wabash, Illinois Tenitory, where its wood is split for rails. It is therefore difficult to ascertain whether it has not been originally planted near the places where it is now so abundantly found, in the vicinity of this city. In gravelly and stoney soil, seeming, however, to shun lime-stone ground. On the banks of the Delaware, and Schuyl- kill, and elsewhere ; common. July, August. 9. Justicia, L. Gen. pi. 35. (Acanthi.J Cal. 5-parted or 5-cleft, often with 3 bractes. Tube of the corolla gibbous; border bilabi- ate ; the upper lip emarginate, the lower tri- fid. Filaments 2, each with a single or double anther. Stigma 1. Caps, attenuated, be- low opening with an elastic spring from the 10 DIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. summit to the base. Dissepiment contrary, growing from the centre of each valve. Seeds few, lenticular. Nutt, peduncuiosa. 1. I. spikes axillary, flowers crowded; peduncles long, alternate ; leaves lanceolate. Dianthera Americana. Lin. syst. veg. 64. D. ensiformis. Walt. fl. amer. 63. Justicia linearifolia. Lam. illustr. 1. p. 41. I. pedunculata. Persoon. I. Americana. Muhl. Cat. Icon. Pluck, aim. t. 423. f. 5. American Justicia. An herbaceous ordinary looking plant, always found near water. Leaves opposite. Peduncles very long ; flowers pur- ple. Quite local, though tolerably abundant where I have found it, viz. on the shores of the Delaware above Kensington, where the tide overflows. 10. Utricularia, L. Gen. pi. 41. ('Lisimachix-) Cal. 2-parted, the lower division often emar- ginate, rarely cleft. Cor. scarcely tubulose, irregularly bilabiate, upper lip erect, entire, or emarginate, staminiferous; lower larger, entire, 3-lobed, or crenate; palate mtaf or less cordate, rather prominent on the inner side, calcarate at the base. Filaments of the stamina incurved; anthers connate. Stigma bilamellate. Caps, globular, 1-cell- ed, many seeded (opening by a lateral fora- men?) receptacle of the seed, central, un- connected. Nutt. vulgaris. 2* U. nectary conical, the upper lip reftexed, as long as the palate, scape upright. Vahl. and Willd. DIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. U Icon. fl. Dan. 138. Common Bladder-wort, or Hooded-milfoil. An aquatic plant, with the flowers alone appearing above the surface of the water. Flowers large, yellow, with red veins. In pools and ditches where the water is stagnant, in Jersey. Very abundant near Woodbury; and on this side of the Delaware on the road to Gloucester point. Perennial. July. 1. U. scape with vesicular leaves, divided and ca- cemopbyiia, pillary branched at their extremities. Vahl. Mich. U. inflata. Walt. fl. car. p. 64. Largest Bladder-wort. Horn-wort-leaved Hooded Milfoil. This very singular plant, is described by Mr. Nuttall, as the largest American species. It is much larger in the southern states than here Hitherto I have detected it in a single place, and though there extremely abundant, covering the surface of a large pool; it seldom attains a much greater size than No. 2. Readily identified by the four or six long, inflated, fimbriated leaves which proceed from the base of the scape, and support the plant on the surface of the water. Flowers yellow, and here, about the size of those of No. 2. In a stag- nant pool, situated in a wood about half a quarter of a mile east of the few last houses of the south end of the village of Woodbury, Jersey. Perennial. July, August. 3. U. nectary gibbous and keeled; the mouth of minor. the corolla open. Vahl. Willd. Icon. fl. Dan. 128. Flowers deep yellow, but smaller than those of No. 2. In shaded swamps, and similar places with U. vulgaris, in Jer- sey. Rare. I have never found it on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware. Perennial. August. 4. U. nectary gibbous ; the segments of the corolla &ibba- roundisn ; sc.ip- one-flowered. Willd. A small species, perhaps never exceeding one fourth the size of either of the preceding. Flowers smaller than in No. 3, and lighter yellow. In quagmire bogs; and in shallow stagnant pool*. In the Neck, about a mile from the city, and no great distance from the Delaware. Very abundant near the spot where the Cyamus flavicomus grows. Often floating, 12 DIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. but I have, in the place just mentioned, found hundreds of specimens growing and flowering in the miry earth. Probably annual. July. 11. Ltcopos, L. Gen; pi. 44. (Labiatx.) Cal. tubular 5-cleft (or 5-toothed, acute or acuminate). Cor. tubular, 4-lobed, nearly equal; the upper segment broader and emarginate. Stamina distant. Seeds 4. re- tuse. Nutt. Americans, 1. L. lower leaves incised, upper ones lanceolate, mum. serrate, calices somewhat spine-pointed. Mich. Willd. L. Europseus, p. Mich. L. Eurepreus, L. L. vulgaris, Pers. American water hore-hound. A very common looking plant, of one or two feet height, with small white verticillated flowers. Near the rivers, creeks, and ponds of our neighbourhood, both on this and the Jersey side of the Delaware. Frequent. Perennial. July and Au- gust. virginicui. 2. L. leaves broad-lanceolate, serrate narrow and en- tire at the base ; calices very short and without (8. points. Mich. querdfoiiui, with leaves sinuate-pinnatifid. Pursh. v Oak-leaved water hore-hound. A smaller plant than No. 1. Sometimes alogether purple. Flowers white ; leaves smooth. Both varieties grow in our neighbourhood, in company with No. 1. /3. is scarce. I have found it in tiie low meadows of Jersey. Perennial. June. 12. Cunila, L. Gen. pi. 46. (Labiate.) Cal. cylindrical, 10-striate, 5-toothed. Cor. ringent, with the upper lip erect, flat, and emarginate. Stamens 2-sterile. The 2- DIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 13 fertile stamens with the style exserted nearly twice the length of the corolla. Stigma un- equally bifid. Seeds 4. Nutt. 1. C. leaves ovate, serrate, sessile ; corymbs termi- Mamnt. nal, dichotomous. Willd. Icon. Pluk. mant. t. 344. f. 1. (Pursh.) Dittany. Mountain-Dittany. A very beautiful plant, with purple flowers situated in ter- minal, and sometimes axillary corymbs. Leaves dotted. Com- mon in all our dry hilly woods. The whole plant has a warm aromatic scent, and perhaps considerable medicinal powers as a tisan. Perennial. July, August. 13. Hedeoma, Pers. syn. 2. p. 131. (Labiate.) Cal. bilabiate, gibbous at the base, upper lip 3- toothed, lower 2; dentures all subulate. Cor. ringent. Stamina 2-sterile. The 2-fer- tile stamens about the length of the corolla. Nutt. 1. H. pubescent; leaves oblong, serrate ; pedun- puiegioide^ cles axillary and verticillate ; the lower lip of the calix biseted j the bristles ciliated. Pers. Cunila pulegioides. Willd. sp. pi. 1. p. 122. Pennyroyal. A very common and well-known plant, universally esteem- ed for the peculiar, warm, aromatic, and grateful odour it pos- sesses. Flowers pale-blue, small. Few indigenous plants are more commonly used for medicinal purposes, than penny- royal. It deserves its reputation. Very frequent every where in fields, on dry hills, and by way-sides. Perennial. July. 14. Monarda, Gen. pi. 48. (Labiates. J Cal. 5-toothed, cylindric, striate. Cor. rin- gent, wi.ii a long cylindric tube, upper lip linear, nearly straight and entire, involving 3 14 DIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. the filaments; lower lip reflected, broader, 3-lobed, the middle lobe longer. Nutt. fiuuiosi. it ^ hirsute wjt]1 scattered hairs ; capilulums sim- ple, proliferous, and leafy, exterior bracteas oblong, acute, somewhat smooth, calices long bearded, corolla hirsute, leaves ovate, acuminate, serrate ; petioles long, ciliated; stem obtuse, angular, smooth. Pursh. Icon. Mill. icon. t. 122. f. 2. Hollow Mountain Mint. Two feet high. Flowers pale-purplish, and sometimes nearly white. Quite local in habitat, though plentiful where I have found it. Abundant near Landsdown and Breck's island, on the Schuylkill. Also about five miles above the falls of Schuylkill. Perennial. July, September. punctata. 2. M. somewhat smooth, flowers verticillate, brac- teas lanceolate, nerved, cordate, longer than the whorl; leaves lanceolate-oblong, remote, ser- rate, smooth ; stem obtuse, angular, white-villous. Pursh. M. lutea. Mich. fl. am. 1. p. 16. Icon. Pluk. Aim. t. 24. f. 1. Bot. rep. t. 546. {Pursh.) About a foot high, and sometimes very much branched. Base of the upper leaves red. Flowers yellow, spotted with brown. On the borders of sandy fields, and the edges of dry sandy woods, in Jersey. Opposite South and Christian streets of this city, (Jersey side)—near the Delaware, abundant. Perennial. August. 15. Salvia. Gen. pi. SO. (Labiate.) Cal. subcampanulate, striate, and 2-lipped, above 3-toothed, below bifid, Cor. tube widening at the faux, limb bilabiate, the up- per lip arched and emarginate, the lower 3- lobed, the lateral segments narrower, the in- termediate one larger and nearly round DIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 15 (sometimes crenate). The 2 fertile fila- ments transversely pedicellate. Nutt. 1. S. radical leaves lyrate and toothed, galla of the iyratt. corolla very short; stem nearly without leaves, hairy backwards. Vahl. Willd. Icon. Moris, hist. 3. s. 11.1. 13. f. 27. (Pursh). Lyre-leaved Sage. This plant, in favourable situations, is not destitute of beauty^ It grows to the height of two feet, but is commonly one. Flowers blue. In meadows, fields, and the borders offences, and hedge-rows, every where near the city. Abundant. Perennial. May. 16. Collinsonia. Gen. pi. 51. (Labiate.J Cal. bilabiate, above 3-toothed, below bifid. Cor. much longer than the calix, somewhat funnel-formed, unequally 5-lobed ; the low- er lobe longer, lacerately fimbriate (or fringed). Stamina 2, sometimes 4. Seeds 4,—3 of them mostly abortive. Nutt. 1. C. leaves broad-cordate-ovate, smooth, calix canadensis. teeth short-subulate, pannicle compound, terminal. Pursh. Icon. Lin. hort. cliff. 14. t. 5. (Pursh). Horse-weed. Knot-root. Rich-weed- Horse-balm. A very beautiful plant in full bloom ; from two to three, rarely four, feet tall. Flowers large, yellow, leaves below petiolated, above sessile. In rich soil, and generally in um- brageous and hilly woods ; in the woods along the Schuylkill, particularly the west side, from the upper ferry to the falls, not rare. Also in the woods between Kingsess gardens (Bartran\'s) and Gray's ferry, frequent. Perennial. July, August. 16 DIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 17. Circea. Gen. pi. 31. (Onagra.) Cal. short, 2-parted. Petals 2. Stigma emar- ginate. Caps, ovate, hispid, 2-celled, not opening ; cells 1-seeded. Nutt. lutetiana* i. C. stem erect, leaves ovate, denticulate, opake, ? somewhat smooth. Vahl. Zt.™' Icon. Eng. bot. 1056 ? (Pursh). Enchanter's Nightshade. From one foot to eighteen inches high. Flowers small, reddish-white. Verycommon in damp shndy woods, and particularly abundant along the Schuylkill, towards the falls. Perennial. July. 18. Lemma. Gen. pi. 1400. (NajadesJ Cal. of one entire leaf. Stamens alternately developer!, seated upon the ovarium at its base. Style cylindric, stigma funnel-form. Capsule 2 to 4-seeded. Nutt. minor. 1. L. leaves elliptical, flat both sides, cohering at their b tse ; roots rarely solitary. Willd. Icon. Eng. bot. 1095. Duck-weed. Duck-meat. A little floating aquatic plant of a beautiful green colour, covering the surface of stagnant waters and ditches. Leaves the size of a large spangle, two or three cohering together at their base. Flowers very minute proceeding from a pouch* like marginal division of the lamellae of the leaves. Very com- mon ; and always abundant where found. In a pool, three or four squares south of the Pennsylvania Hospital; and near Ken. sington, most abundant. Ducks greedily devour it—hence its name. Annual- June. poiyrhiza; 2. L. leaves elliptical flat, cohering at their base, roots bundled. Willd. Icon. Vail. par. t. 2p. f. 2. (Pursh). DIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. IT Also called Duck-weed, and Duck-meat. S omewhat larger than the preceding; and easily known by the greater size and number of its roots. Rather rare. Annual. July, August. ORDER II. DIGYNIA. 19. Crypt A, Nuttall. (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Ph. VoU I. p. 117.) (Portulacee.) Cal. two-leaved below. Cor. 2 or 3-petalled, closely lying over each other, closed. Style none; stigmas 2 or 3, very small, in the form of little points. Caps. 2 or 3-valved, 2 or 3-celled; the cells 4 or 5 seeded. Seeds nearly cylindrical, the point incurved, longitudinally marked with striae, and trans- versely with dots. Nutt. 1. C. succulent; root fibrous. Stem dichotomous, minima. decumbent, radicant, thick, cylindric. Branches Sutuv assurgent. Leaves cuneate-oval, or obovate, op- posite, sessile, entire, and lucid, one-nerved, bi- stipulate at their base ; stipules membranaceous and acuminated. Flowers axillary, solitary, ses- sile, and alternate. Calix two-leaved, leaves ob- long oval. Nutt. abr. Icon. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Ph. Vol. I. t. 6. % 1. Peplis Americana. Pursh. fl. Am. Sep. Vol. X. p. 238 ? A very minute subaquatic succulent plant, three quarters of an inch high, with opposite entire and stipulated leaves, Flowers very minute; petals never appearing to expand. On 3* DIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. the gravelly banks of the Delaware, subject to the overflowing of the tide, a little above Kensington, both on the Pennsylvania and Jersey shores. First discovered in July, 1817, by Mr. Nuttall; shortly after, found on the Pennsylvania side, by my- self. Grows with Hemianthus micranthemoides, and the plants enumerated as accompanying that little aquatic herb. July. TRIANDRIA. FEDIA. IRIS DILATRIS. SISYRINCHIUM. HETERANTHERA. SCHOLLERA. XYRIS RHYNCOSPHORA. CYPERUS. DULICHIUM. SCIRPUS. MARISCUS. TRICHOPHORUM. ERIOPHORUM. FUIRENA. CENCHRUS. MUHLENBERGIA. TRICHODIUM. LEERS I A. AGROSTIS. CINNA. CALAMAGROSTIS. ANTHOXANTHUM. CRYPSIS. PHLEUM. ALOPECURUS. PANICUM. PENNISETUM. DIGITARIA. PASPALUM. ARISTIDA. STIPA. ANDROPOGON. AIRA. HOLCUS. POA. BRIZA. WINDSORIA. DANTHONIA. FESTUCA. BROMUS. DACTYLIS. AVENA. ARUNDO. ELUSINE. ANTHOPOGON. ELYMUS. LOLIUM. MOLLUGO. QUERIA. LECHEA. ERIOCOLON. PROSERPINACA. [ 20 J CLASS III. TRIANDRIA. ORDER I. MONOGYNIA. 20. Fedia, Gaert. de fr.etsem.2. p. 36. (Dipsacce.) Calix 3 or 4 toothed. Corolla tubular, 5-cleft. Capsule crowned with the persistent calix, 3- celled; only one of the cells usually fertile. Nutt. radiat» 2. F. leaves spathulate-oblong, nearly entire ; fruit pubescent, somewhat 4-sided, naked at the point. Mich. Valeriana locusta, radiata. Lin. sp. pi. 48. Lambs'' lettuce. Corn-sallad. Lettuce Valerian. A beautiful plant when in flower, and without doubt indige- nous to this neighbourhood. I suspected, when I first met with it, that it had escaped from the gardens, but have repeatedly since found it in situations where it evidently grew wild. Flowers light blue, sometimes white. This plant, in its young state, when only the radical leaves have appeared, constitutes the corn-sallad of our tables. It is cultivated in great abundance in all the kitchen gardens near the city, and »s to be found plentifully in our markets, during nearly the ■whole year. Often met with in fields west of the Schuylkill, but most abundant between the upper-ferry bridge (near Le- J?0"'1"*1.) and Kingsess Gardens, along the course of the Schuylkill, and not far from its margins. In great profusion. between Market street bridge and the upper-ferry, alone the declivity of the high bank. Annual. June, July. 21. Iris, Gen. pi. 97. (Irides.) Corolla 6-parted, large; three of the lamina erect; the other 3-reflected, with or without a crest or beard on the inner side, and bear. TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 21 ing the stamina at their base. Style short; stigmata 3, petaloid, oblong, large, usually arched. Stamina incumbent, covered by the stigmata. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds ilat, triangular; (in some species nearly round or spherical.) Nutt. 1. I. flowers beardless; stem two-edged, many Virginia. flowered, longer th^n the leaves ; leaves sword- shaped, interior segments of the stigma shorter, capsule oblong: with angular furrows. Pursh. I. hexagona, Walt. fl. car. 66. Icon. bot. mag. 703. Jacquin ic. rar. 2. t. 223. (Pursh.) Virginian Iris. Common blue-flag, orfleur-de-luce. A common and elegant plant, two feet high, well known to every person. Flowers purple, bottom of the outside petals yellow. Every where abundant on our river and creek-shores, in meadows, wet grounds, and the neighbourhood of water. Perennial. June. 2- I- flowers beardless, stem round, flexuose, of the versicolor. length of the leaves ; leaves sword-shaped, interi- or sements of the stigma equal, capsule ovate ; an- gles obtuse. Willd. Icon. bot. mag. 21. Dill. elth. t. 155. f. 187. (Pursh.) Resembling No. 1. at first sight. In similar situations, but rare. On the Delaware about four miles above the city. Perennial. June, July. 3. I. flowers beardless, stem solid, round, as long as pmmatica, the leaves ; leaves very narrow and long; cap- Pursh' sules long, in the form of a prism, narrowed at each end. Pursh. Icon. bot. mag. A very beautiful species, from 2 to 3 feet high, with pale purple flowers, first discovered and described by Pursh. Ea- sily recognised by its long and very narrow leaves ; and in fruit, 22 TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. by its prismatic capsule, which has given rise to the specific name. Quite local. Jersey. In a moist coppice, or shrub- bery, on the margin of a sandv field, a garter of a mile north of Kaighns' point, and about'the same distance from the De- laware. Perennial. July. 22. Dilatris, Pers. Gen. pi. 82. (hides.) Calix superior, petaloid, externally hirsute, deeply 6-parted, nearly equal, erect, and persistent. Stamina erect, a little unequal. Style declining; stigma minutely trifid. Capsule round, 3-celled, few-seeded; (3-6 in each cell.) Nutt* H«ritieia. 1. D. petals lanceolate, villose externally, pannicle corymbous, tomentose, leaves long, linear, na ked. Pursh. D. tinctoria. D. Caroliniana Lam. illustr. 1. p« 127. Anonymos tinctoria. Walt fl. car. 68. Heritiera Gmelini. Mich. fl. am. 1- p. 21 • Lachnanthes. Elliot. con. Mich- fl. Am. 1.1» 4. Red-root. A downy, or woolly plant, about twelve inches high, with leaves like those of iris, and a terminal corymbose pannicle of flowers, petals downy outside, and yellow internally. Very fc rare, and confined to a single locality. Jersey. In a swampy meadow, near Cooper's creek, about a mile and an half from Cooper's ferry (opposite Market street). Root a delicate rose- pink ; hence the common name. Perennial. July. 23. Sisyrinchium, Gen. pi. 101. (Irides.) Calix petaloid, tube short, border divided like 6 flat petals. Stamina, for the most part, united below. Capsule roundish, trique- trous, pedicellate beyond the spathe; (lami- nae in several species aristate.) Nutt. TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 23 1. S. leaves and scape simple, and somewhat bristly, mucronatum; spathe coloured ; the odd valve ending in a long point. Pers. ench. Sword-pointed Blue-eyed Grass. From one to two feet high. Leaves long, bluish-green. Flowers delicate blue, smaller than in No. 2. In damp mea- dows of Jersey, common. Perennial. June, Jul/. 2. S. scape simple, winged, spathes unequal. Pers. ance^t. S. gramineum, Lam. and Curtis. S. Bermudiana, Mich.? Icon. Bot. Mag. 464. Two-edged Blue-eyed Grass. A lower species than the preceding, having short leaves of a darker green colour. Flowers blue, larger than No. 1. In fields not unfrequent, particularly on the Woodlands. Peren- nial. July. 24. Heteranthera, Beauvois. Trans. Am. Philo. Soc. 4. (Narcissi.) Spathe 2 to 4 flowered. Cor. tubular; limb 6-parted, segments equal. Stigma tubular. 1. H. leaves somewhat roundish, kidney-form, renifonnis. acute ; spathe three or four flowered, smooth. Leptanthus reniformis, Mich. fl. amer. 1. p. 25. Heteranthera acuta, Beauvois, Willd. Vahl. and Pursh. H. Peruviana, Pers. H. Virginica, Pers. Kidney-leaved Heteranthera. An aquatic plant, with broad kidney-shaped floating leaves, and white stellate flowers. The leaves vary much in size, and are sometimes heart-shaped. The flowers are from two to four, and I have seen six, in number; and so very evanescent, that they are seldom seen; and the plant is generally supposed to flower but rarely. This, however, is not the case. I was of that opinion myself, till I watched by the side of a muddy stream, containing an abundance of the plant, from sun-rise till one o'clock. During this period hundreds of specimens openeft :* TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. their flowers, which continued expanded dim.g the noon-day heat, and then quickly closed. This singular plant is evidt ntly augmenting its range in this vicinity. Within a^fe^ j,vnrs past, it was located in two or three places ; now it is plenU- fully found in numerous dirty shallow ponds, on clayey soil, on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware, and I last summer detected it in profusion in Jersey. I am inclined to thin* it is not so circumscribed in its geographical range, as Mr. Nuttall says it is, for I have found it in small quantities in the state of Delaware, on the road from New Castle to Frenchtown, and also in Maryland, on the Baltimore road, about two miles from Wise's tavern, (23 miles from Baltimore). In the neighbour- hood of Philadelphia, common; in the stagnant shallow waters, on yellow clayey soil, opposite to the entrance to the Wood- lands, and close to the road, abundant; in ditches in the Neck, and on the road to Lemon hill, frequent. In a ditch on the south side of the road from Market street ferry to Cooper's creek, Jersey, and about three quarters of a mile from the ferry, in great profusion. Perennial. July, August 25. Schollera. (Narcissi.) Spathe 1-2 flowered. Capsule 1-locular. framineu.. 1. S. stem slender, floating, dichotomous ; leaves sessile, narrow-linear. Mich. Leptanthus gramineus, Mich. fl. am. 1. p. 25. Schollera graminifolia, Muhl. Cat. Commelina dubia, Jacquin. Anonymos aquatica graminifolia, Clayt. num. 814. Icon. Mich. fl. am. t. 5. fig. 2. Grass-leaved Schollera. Yellow-flowered Channel- grass. Low-water Star. An aquatic submersed plant, looking like long grass,, arid generally mistaken for it, found every where in the greatest profusion, in the shallow water of the Schuylkill, but particu- larly abundant opposite to Belmont. It flowers at low-tide, or rather its flowers are expanded and visible at that time. They are of a beautiful yellow colour, and have a pleasing appear- ance when fully opened on the surface of the stream. I have collected many specimens of this plant, in company with Dr. Eberle, on the banks of the Conestogoe creek, near Lancaster, rooting and flowering in the earth. Perennial. Always in full flower about the 20th of July. TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 26. Xyris, Gen. pi. 89. (Graminee.) Flowers in an ovate-cylindric capitulum.__ Calix glumaceous, 3-valved, valves unequal, the outer coriaceous. Corolla 3-petalled, equal. Stigma trifid. Capsule 1-celled, 3- valved. Seeds very numerous, and minute. Nutt. 1- X. heads closely imbricate; calix shorter than the flexuosa, bracteas, sparingly feathered; leaves long, sword- MuM- shaped, twisted. Elliot. X Caroliniana, Walt, Lam. and Poir. X. Jupicai, Mich. X. anceps, Pers. ? Waved-stemmed Xyris. Tellow-flowering Rush. From ten inches to 2 feet high. Leaves linear, stem anci- pital flexuose. Flowers yellow, in an imbricated terminal capitulum. In marshy meadows and wet places with sedge and other grass, common, particularly in Jersey. July. 27. Rhyncosphora, Vahl, enum. pi. 2. p. 229. (Cyperiodee.) Scales of the calix collected into a spike, the inferior ones empty. Corolla 0. Style per- sistent" at base. Bristles at the base of the Seed. 1. R. Spikes in corymbose clusters ; stem above, «iba. 3-angled ; leaves linear channelled; bristles of the seed 10. Ait. Kew. 1. p. 127. Schoenus albus, Mich. 1. p. 34. White bog-rush. From one to two feet high. Glumes whitish. In the bogs and marshy places of Jersey, every where very common. Pe- rennial. July. 2. S. spikes clustered in corymbs, very distant, by s'omerata. pairs i stem obtuse-angled ; leaves linear. Vahl. 4 26 TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Brown bog-rush. This species, Mr. Elliot remarks, is obscure, n the neigh- bourhood of this city, it is one of our commonest inhabitants of bog-meadows, and the neighbourhood of ditches. From one to two feet high. Glumes of a chesnut-brown colour. Pe- rennial. July and August. 28. Cypercs, Gen.pl. 93. (Cyperoidea.) Spikelets compressed, distinct. Calix scales imbricated in two rows. Corolla 0. Stig- mata mostly 3. Seed 1, naked. Willd. (Stamina 2 and 3. Nutt. J minimus, !• C. culm capillary, spike solitary and in pairs; in- Thunberg. volucre one-leaved. Thunb. prod. 18. This interesting plant was first discovered as an inhabitant of this country, about four years ago, in Monmouth county, Jersey, by Zaccheus Collins, Esq. On the Pennsylvania and Jersey side of the Delaware, with- in three or four miles of this city. Dr. Cleaver. aaveiceni. 2. C. stem obtusely 3-angled ; umbels compound ; spikelets crowded, lanceolate; glumes acute. Elliot. C. culm triquetrous leafy. Culm leaves linear, acuminated, alternate, smooth, 2 or 3, umbel 3-leaved, simple, nearly 3 radiated. Involucrum 3 or 4 leaved, leaflets nearly alternate. Pedun- cles entirely simple, unequal and without bracteas. Spikelets alternate 3 to 4, compressed, obtuse, 17-flowered, lanceolate, with a four-sided rachis. Cal. glumes 1-valved, obtuse, brown in the centre. Stam. 3, with persistent filaments. Pistil, bifid, red. Seed ovate, beardless, black, rough. Muhl. D esc rip. Uber. Gram. p. 16. Yellow Cyperus. From 6 to 8 inches high. I have carefully compared the above species, with specimens in my possession*, labelled in * From a portion of the Herbarium of the late Dr. Muhlen- berg, which I put chased from bis son. TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 37 the hand-writing of Willdenow and Schader, and it appears to me that there is a very considerable, if not specific distinc- tion, between the European and American plants known by the name of C flavescens. I have not, however, ventured to alter the specific name at present, but will leave it for future consideration. The European species is a much smaller plant, from an inch and an half to three inches high. The spikes are conglomerated ; the spikelets ovate, not compressed. The form of the glumes likewise differs considerably. Sept. 3. C. umbel compound, rachis angular. Spikelets bicoior.* compressed, lanceolate, acute. Scales lanceolate, purple on the margin, obtuse. Pistillum long, bifid. Seed oval, ash coloured, smooth. Invo- lucrum 3-leaved, much longer than the umbel, Muhl. Descrip. Uber. gram. p. 17. This plant is described, as above, by Dr. Muhlenberg, as a " co-species" Spikes in a compound umbel. Spikelets lan- ceolate, reddish-purple and yellow. A larger species than No. 1- about ten inches or a foot high. In damp or wet pla- ces, on the borders of rivulets and springs, common. August. 4. C spikes oblong loose ; spikelets subulate, ex- strigoms. panding, a little remote ; small involucrums gene- rally wanting ; partial umbels, with alternate rays. Vahl. enum.pl. 2. p. 358. Mr. Elliot describes this species as attaining the height of three feet. In this neighbourhood I have never seen it be- yond eighteen inches or two feet. Stem 3-sided, or angled. Leaves very long. Three or more of the leaves of the involu- crum generally longer than the umbel. Very common on the margins of swamps and ditches, and not unfrequently in san- dy corn-fields of Jersey, near meadow-ground. Perennial. August. 5. C. culm erect nearly naked, striated, smooth tri- pbymatode*, quetrous. Radical leaves lanceolate, sheathing at M ' the base. Umbel simple or decompound. Invo- lucrum 3-9 leaved, unequal, three leaves longer than the others, rough on the margin. Peduncles altogether unequal, compressed, spikelets two- rowed, linear, compound below, simple above, long 15-flowered, opposite, alternate, yellowish, with a linear bractea. Calix glume, 1-valved ob- 28 TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. long, somewhat obtuse, green on the back, margin white, scarious, nerved. Stam. 3, with yellowish anthers. Pistillum trifid, white. Seed brown three-sided oblong, beardless. Root fibrous, ter- minating at the end in a globose tuber. Muhl. Gram. Deserip. Uber. p. 22. C. repens, Elliot. This beautiful species of cypress-grass, is, for thefirst time, described by Dr. Muhlenburg, in his " Descriptio Uberior Graminum." It grows to the height of three feet in this vi- cinity, but seldom exceeds two. Whole plant glabrous ; having only the margins of the invo- lucre-leaves scabrous. Mr. Elliot is, I think, right, in his suspicion of the identity of his C. repens and the above species. A careful examination of the C. plymatodes of Muhlenberg (of specimens given me by the doctor), by Mr. Elliot's de- scription, leaves no doubt in my mind, that the plants are the same. Whether the C. tuberosus of Vahl. as quoted by Pursh, is also identical with these two, I cannot say. It delights in moist places. In the damp meadows, near rivu- lets, in Jersey, near Woodbury, and along the course of the Delaware, about five miles below Philadelphia. Not very fre- quent. Perennial. August. parriflorui. 6. C. culm triquetrous nearly naked. Radical leaves " linear-lanceolate, smooth, culm solitary. Umbel compound. Invohicrum 3-leaved longer than the peduncles. Peduncles smooth, numerous (6—10) triquetrous. Involucellum three leaved, pedi- cels numerous, spikelets three, compressed, alter- nate, ovate, 8-flowered. Calix glumes ovate, acute, brown, nerved on the margins. Stam. 3, yellow. Pistillum trifid. Seed three-sided, white, beard- less. Root creeping, terminating in tubers. Spike- lets very often viviparous, and then cylindric, scales nerved, acuminated. Muhl. Deserip. Ube- rior. Gram. p. 19. Readily distinguished by its small conglomerated peduncu- lated spikes, of a bay-colour. About one foot or eighteen inches high. Very rare. On the banks of Timber creek, Jersey, not more than a mile from the Woodbury road. Pe- rennial. August, September. autumnalis, 7. C. stem round, naked, thick, pointed. Radical leaves broad and smooth. Umbels three leaved, compound, terminal. Involucrum three-leaved, TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 29 short, folioles ovate, erect, nerved. Peduncles unequal, proliferous. Spikelets small, long-linear, many-flowered. Calix glumes lanceolate, brown. Pistillum trifid. Root fibrous. Muhl. Deserip. Uberior Gram. p. 18. C\ perus nodosus. Willd. ? Cyperus juncoides, Lam. Illustr. Cyperus complanatus, Willd. sp. pi. 1. p. 270. Icon. Rott. gram. t. 17. f. 3. (Pursh.) In similar places with the preceding, near this city, in Jer- sey. Mr. Nuttall; Dr. Stuve. 6. C. capitulum, somewhat globose, glomerated ; uncinatus, spikelets linear about 8-flowered. Valves lanceo- Pursh" late, acuminated backward, involucrum about two-leaved, very long. Pursh. A very small plant flowering from an inch to two inches in height. On the gravelly banks of the Delaware, Jersey side. Mr. Nuttall. Biennial. June. 29. Dulichium, Richard, Pers. ench. 1. p. 65. (Cype- roidee.) Spikes somewhat racemose, axillary. Spike- lets linear-lanceolate, rather compressed. Calicine scales subulate, almost distichally sheathing. Style very long, bifid. Invo- lucellate setas long and scabrous. Seed acu- minated by the base of the style. Nutt. 1. D. stem columnar, with leaves pointing in three ipathaceus. directions, spikelets expanding, subulate, in axil- lary racemes. Elliot. Cyperus spathaceus, sp. pi. 1. p. 289. Scirpus spathaceus, Mich. 1. p. 32. Pleuranthus floribundus, Richard, (Pursh.) Schoenus angustifolius, Vahl. enum. 2. p. 225. (Pursh.) Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 301. f. 1. Sheathed Dulichium. 4# 30 TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Stem a foot or eighteen inches high. Leaves linear lan- ceolate. On the margins of rivulets, meadow-drains, and ditches, in Jersey, common ; rather more rare this side of the Delaware. Perennial. July, August. 30. Mariscus. Vahl. enum. pi. 2. p. 372. (Cyfieroidee.) Spikelets few-flowered, almost imbricately ag- gregated in roundish or subcylindric heads. —Common calix of the spikelets 2-valved, (3 to 6, or 8-fiowered). Flowers 1 valved, sub-imbricate. Style trifid. &?«/trique- trous. Nutt. echinatm. l. M. culm obtusely 3-angled, glabrous; umbels simple; heads globose; spikes linear-lanceolate, 8-flowered, expanding. Elliot. Schoenus umbellatus, Jacquin. collect. 1. p. 113. Kyllingia ovularis, Mich. fl. am. 1. p. 29. Scirpus echinatus, L. and Muhl. Cat. and Decrip. Uber. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 91. f. 4. Jacq. ic. rar. 1.1. 10? (Pursh) Rough Spiked Mariscus. From one to two feet high. In wet sandy fields, and on sandy road-sides, in Jersey, not rare. Perennial. July. rstrofractus. 2. M. culm obtusely 3-angled, pubescent; umbels simple; heads obovate ; spikes subulate, 1-flow- ered, reflexed. Elliot. Scripus retrofractus, Willd. sp. pi. 1. p. 304. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 415. f. 4. (Pursh.) About a foot high. In cultivated fields, common. Peren- nial. July. gicmentat, 3. M. spikes cylindrical, imbricated backward, in- volucrum many-leaved. Vahl. Mariscus glomeratus, Bart. Prod. fl. Ph. p. 18* and Muhl. MS. Scirpus cyperoides, Lin. Mant 181. ? TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 31 S. cvperiformis. Muhl. Cat. and deserip. Uber. Gram. S. lupulinus, Sprengel. Mariscus umbellatus. Pursh, fl. Am. Sep. vol. 1. p. 59.? Kyllingia umbellata. Lin. suppl. 105. ? From 6 to 14 inches high. In the sandy roads, wastes, and fields of Jersey, common. On the high sandy hills below Gloucester point (Jersey side) ; common. In a stony field, two miles above the falls of the Schulkill, west side, frequent. 31. Scirpus, Gen. pi. 94. (Cyperoidee.) Calix scales chaffy, imbricated on all sides in a spike. Corolla 0. Style filiform, un- bearded, deciduous. Seed 1, naked, or sur- rounded with involucellate setze or threads. Nutt. 1. S. culm erect, naked, compressed, cespitose. eapitatm. Base of the sheath retuse, mucronated, whitish. Spike terminal, ovate, obtuse. Cal. glume ovate, obtuse, brown, margin white. Stam. 3, anthers white. Pist. bifid. Seed shining, oval, smooth. Muhl. S. ovatus. Willd. S. tuberculosus. Mich. ? S capitatus. Schreb. and Swartz. S. ovatus. Bar. Prod. Fl. Ph. p. 17. From a careful comparison of original specimens from Shchre. ber, Willdenow, and Swartz, in my Herbarium, witli our na- tive plant, I have added the above synonyms. It varies in height, but is generally a foot tall. Perennial. Common in muddy ditches and shallow ponds, every where. August. 2. S culm acicular, two inches high, four angled, trichodci, purple at the base, cespitose. Sheath truncate, Muh1, obtuse. Spike terminal, ovate, acute, 1, 4, 6 flow- ered ; bractea one, obtuse. Cal. glume, some- what obtuse, brown on the margin, keel green. Stam. 3, white. Pist. bifid. Seed triquetrous, white or yellowish, shorter than the bristles. TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Bristles white, 4, a little longer than the seed. Root fibrous. Muhl. S. capillaceus, Mich. S. pusillus. Vahl. and Pursh quoting him. S. acicularis. Pursh. Not S. capillaceus, Elliot, who quotes Michaux's plant, which this really is. This little plant has the habit of S. acicularis of Europe, and a comparison of it with genuine specimens of the foreign plant, convince me that the two are very closely allied. In Jersey, surrounding the pool containing Utricularia cerato- phylla (see page 11) in great profusion, forming a kind of grass-plot. In other similar places in Jersey also frequent. More rare on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware. Annual.? June. 3. S. culm naked, four angled, with a purple sheath below. Sheath truncated, nearly pointed. Spike terminal elliptic, acute at both ends, bibracteate. Bracteas ovate, obtuse, black with white margins. Cal. scales 1-valved, resembling a bractea, black, obtuse, margin white. Stam. 3. Pist. trifid, white. Seed roundish, brown, rough, two or more bristles at the base. Root horizontal, creep- ing. Muhl. S. quadrangulatus. Muhl. Cat. ed. 1st. ? S. tenuis, ditto, ed. 2d. S. quadrangulatus. Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph. S. tenuis. Muhl. Deserip Uber. Gram. Mr. Elliot describes a plant under the name of Scirpus quadrangulatus, for which he quotes Michaux's name and description. The size of the plant, and the spikes, which he says are an inch, or more long, together with other characters, sufficiently prove that it is different from Willdenow's and Muhlenberg's tenuis. The latter used to consider Michaux's plant under the name quoted by Mr. Elliot, and the tenuis of Willd. as identical, and so published them in the first edition of his Catalogue. In the seconded, he retains the name quad- rangulatus, and that of tenuis as a synonym disappears. 1 his leaves some doubt of the plant designated in the second edi- tion, by the name quadrangulatus ; probably it is the same described by Mr. Elliot under that name. In the Descriptio Uber. Gram, however, the S. tenuis is described, and the quadriwimilatus is It-ft out. The plant described in that work, as the tenuu, as quoted above, is the same as the European TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 33 plant under that name ; for I have accurately compared Willdenow's specimens, both with the above description, and the plant which grows in this neighbourhood. In boifs com- mon. Perennial. May, June. 4. S. culm triquetrous, a span high, nearly naked, pianifoih,., cespitose, leaves nearly radical alternate, linear MuhU flat, kneeled, scabrous, the lower ones broad, short nerved pointed, the rest, three-nerved, equal in length to the stem. Spike terminal, ovate, acute, 6-flowered, bracteated ; bractea yel- lowish, ovate, spit-pointed, longer than the spike. Cal. glume, ovate, pointed, yellowish, keel green. Pist. bifid and trifid. Seed brown, triquetrous, bristles 3, as long as the seed. Muhl. This very strongly characterised, and pretty species, is easi- ly recognised by its three-sided culm, flat, broadish, compress- ed leaves, and bay-coloured terminal spikes. In Jersey, near Woodbury, on the margins of the woods, bordering the road, very rare. May. 5. S. culm 5 feet high, terete naked, attenuated to- ueutrw. wards the point (Muhl.) ; spikes oblong, scales glabrous, mucronate : styles trifid; umbels de- compound ; culm terete. Vahl. Icon. fl. Dan. t. 1142. Tall bull-rush. From 3 to 12 feet high, and very thick. Along the margins of the Delaware, both sides of the river, common. Perennial. July. 6. S. culm 4 feet high, naked, round, equal above (in «cutm, thickness), not attenuated, full of spots ; the spots Muhl" brown, oblong. Spikes sub-lateral, pedunculated, numerous, oblong, sub-umbelled. Peduncles compressed, unequal. Cal. glume brown, keeled, mucronated, pubens. Stam. 3. Pist. bifid. Seed obovate. Muhl. Very like No. 5 easily distinguished, however, by the spots and spikes. Grows with it. Rare. Perennial. June, July. 7. S. culm accutely 3-?ngled, sides concave ; spikes American^ ovate, lateral, sessile ; seed accuminate. Elliot. Per'' U TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Scirpus triqueter, Mich- and Muhl. Deserip.. Uber. Gram. Three-sided Rush. Easily known by its simple acutely 3-angled culm, and one two or three sessile conglomerated spikes. This and the pre- ceding species are worked into bottoms for fancy, <>r what are called, rush-bottomed chairs. Grows with No. 5, frequent, July, August. mtunmaiu. 3. S. culm compressed, 2-edged ; spikelets lanceo- late. Elliot. S. mucronulatus, Mich 1. p. 31. Autumnal Scirpus. A very pretty species from 6 to 10 inches high, readily iden- tified by its lanceolate deep brown spikelets. The numerous stems radiate from the root, in a beautiful manner. In sandy roads and fields, in Jersey, near Kaighn's point, abundant. Annual. ? August. •»pmari»,L. 9. S. culm bristle-form, two inches, triquetrous, nearly naked, cespitose. Leaves sub-radical, alter- nate, bristly, sheathed at the base. Sheath hairy at the mouth. Spikes lateral near the point of the culm, 1—4, one sessile, the rest pedunculated, in- volucrum 1—2 leaved. Calix glumes 1-valved, the lower ones awl shaped, the rest obtuse, brown- purple, the keel green or white. Stam. 3. Pistillum trifid. Seed nearly triquetrous, white, beardless, somewhat rough, transversely nerved. Root fibrous, Muhl. 5. capillaceus, Elliot. ? This plant, so accurately described above, has at first view the appearance of No. 2. It is also allied, as Dr Muhlenberg remarks, to Scirpus autumnalis, and near to Scirpus capillaris, of Swartz. It inhabits different places from No. 2, being generally found in sandy roads and wastes, and never, or sel- dom, near water. Dr. Muhlenberg describes it as two inches high. Though generally it does not exceed that height, I have specimens in my herbarium six inches tall. Compared with Willdenow's specimens of the Europe an-plant in my possession, these do not, however, differ, except in size. Jersey, frequent; this side of the Delaware, rare. Annual. July. TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. S* 10. S. culm exactly triquetrous, leafy at the base, macron*. Leaves linear-lanceolate, nerved, keeled smooth, chy°»* longer than the culm, sheathing at the base, trans- Muhl" versely nerved. Ligula none. Sheath smooth, striated. Involucrum long unequal, 3-leaved. Spikes sessile, and pedunculated, 6 or 12, scales ovate. Muhl. S. maritimus p macrostachyos, Mich. S. robustus, Pursh. S. maritimus, Elliot. From three to four feet high, stem acutely 3-angular. Spike- lets very large, and of a light brown, or what painters call sienna colour. This plant, is, as Pursh remarks, certainly specifi- cally distinct from S. maritimus. I have specimens in my herbarium of the latter plant, marked by Willdenow and Schro- der, and have accurately compared them with the American plant. On the marshy shores of the Delaware, about two miles below Gloucester point. Very scarce. Perennial. August. 11. S culm three-sided, striate, three feet high leafy. atroTireiw, Radical leaves lanceolate carinated long, those ofwilld' the culm alternate lanceolate, carinated scabrous.enum' Sheath striate smooth transparent. Panicle ter- minal proliferous involucrate. Involucre 3-leaved, margin and carina, scabrous. Branches of the panicle or peduncles unequal, from 3 to 6, pedi- cels 12. Spikelets glomerated numerous (12) ovate acute reddish-brown. Calix glumes 1- valved imbricate ovate acute reddish-brown cari- nated, pubescent. Stam. 3. Pistillum, trifid. Seed triquetrous white very small, bristles short, 4. Muhl. From one to three feet high. In bogs near Woodbury, Jersey; and near the spot where Cyamus flavicomus grows in the Neck, this side of the river. Perennial. July, August. 12. S. culm naked, erect, a little channelled, cespitose, debiiii. sheathing at the base. Spikes lateral, sessile, ovate, 1—3—9, many flowered, without bracteas. Calix glume ovate, obtuse, and acuminated, margin white, keel green. Pistillum bifid. Seed nearly triquetrous or obovate, shining black, rough or 36 TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. dotted. Bristles 3—5, white, hispid a little longer than the seed. Muhl. S. lupulinus, Smith. Near to S. triquetrum, Swartz,'(Muhl) The plant I have found in thig neighbourhood is suggested by Mr. Collins to be a variety of Scirpus debilis ; and on com- paring it with the latter plant, a specimen of which I have re- ceived from that gentleman, it does really appear to be so. It is not, peihaps, the S. debilis of Pursh ; or if so, it is imper- fectly described by him ; neither does it appear to be the plant intended by Mr. Elliot, under that name, referring to the debilis, Muhl's Cat. Dr. Muhlenberg seems to describe it, under his debilis ; for his description extends evidentlyto two varieties, if not species. I have, however, for the present quoted his characters, and referred my plant to his name. In the same bog where Furiena squarrosa, and Eriophorum polys- tachium grow, Jersey. August. 32. Tricophorum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 69. (Cyperoidee.J Spikelets ovate, imbricate on all sides, with scales. Bristles of the seed hairy, longer than the glumes, 6 in number. cyperinum. 1. T. culm obtusely 3-angled, leafy ; panicle su- pra-decompound, proliferous; spikelets generally by threes. Eriophorum cyperinum, sp. pi. 1. p. 313. Scirpus Eriophorum, Mich. 1. p. 33. Scirpus thyrsiflorus, Willd. Brown Cotton-grass. From three to four feet high ; sometimes five, easily dis- tinpuished when in fruit, by its large, loose, brown or fulvous cottony panicles. In bogs every where very common. Pe- rennial. In July and August. 33. Eriophorum, Gen.pl. 95. (Cyperoidee.) Glumes chaffy, imbricate on all sides. Corolla 0. Seed 1, surrounded with very long wool. TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 37 1. E. culm terete, leafy; leaves flat; spikes cluster- virginicum. ed, nearly sessile, shorter than the involucrum. Vahl. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 299. f. 4. Virginian Cotton-grass. Two feet high. Identified with facility, when in fruit, by its faint copper-coloured tufts of cotton. In boggy grounds, common. On the Woodlands, abundant. Perennial. July. 2. E. culm leafy, terete ; leaves triquetrous, chan- angrustifo- nelled, spikes pedunculated, seeds ovate. Roth, hu^,• Willd. Icon. Eng Bot. 564. Easily distinguished from No. 2. by its pedunculated spikes, and white cotton ; but extremely like E. polystachium, speci- mens of which I have, labelled by Willdenow. I erroneously supposed this plant, the polystachium /3. of Michaux, and so called it in my Prodromus. Its triquetrous leaves, however, shew that it is the plant designated as E. angustifolium. In a deep spongy swamp or bog, surrounded with woods ; about a quarter of a mile south-east of Kaighn's point, Jersey. Rare. Perennial. May. 34. Fuirena, Gen. pi. 90. (Cyperoidee.) Spikelets composed of mucronate scales imbri- cated on all sides. Corolla 0. Seminal m- volucellum broad, chaff-like, scales cordate, (stipitate) often awned. Stigmata 2 and 3. {Seed triangular). Nutt. 1. F. leaves narrow, lanceolate, short; heads many, sparrow, (5—6) clustered ; valve of the corolla cordate, ovate, with short awns. Elliot. Rough-headed Fuirena. A beautiful grass, also quite local, though abundant where found. Grows in the same spot specified as containing Erio- phorum angustifolium. Perennial. I Jul/. 5 38 TRIANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 35. Cenchrus, Gen. pi. 1574. (Graminee.) Involucrum laciniate, echinate, 3—4 flowered. Calix 2-valved, 2-flowered, 1 fertile the other sterile. Style bifid, (sometimes 2). echinatui. 1» C. culm ancipital, leafy, branched. Leaves lan- ceolate, nerved, smooth. Sheath smooth. Spike lateral and terminal. Involucrums alternate lan- ceolate echinate pubescent, villous internally. Cal. smooth 2-valved, 5-nerved, 1,2, 3, flowered. Cor. glume 2-valved, longer than the calix. Stam. 3. Seed one round. Muhl. Cenchrus tribuloides. Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph. Cockspur-grass. Hedge-hog-grass. There is some confusion between this species and C. tribu- loides of Michaux. The plant just described, I have till lately mistaken for the C tribuloides, and so called it in my Pro- dromus ; but, having since compared it with the C echinatus of Willdenow (a specimen of which I have in my herbarium, marked with his own hand) ; and having received a specimen of the C tribuloides, from Mr. Nuttall, which he collected on the sea-shore, Cape May, I find that the plant growing in this neighbourhood is the echinatus, though the spike is neither so long nor so dense as in the European plant. The C tribu- loides, is, I suspect, confined altogether to the sea-coast. The most striking discrepancy of these two similar species, is the white pubescence on the margin of the sheath, and the dense white villous glumes, in the C. tribuloides, while the C echi- natus is destitute of both. The plant described by Mr. Elliot under the name of tribuloides, appears to be the same brought by Mr. Nuttall, from Cape May. I have already said this is , not identical with the species growing so abundantly in the vicinity of this city, on the Jersey side of the Delaware, unless its maritime situation should create the villous pubescence, which from anah> we may admit to be probable. Close to Camden, not unfrequent. In the sandy road from Kaighn's point towards the Haddonfield road ; and on the high sandy exposed banks of the Delaware, between Kaighn's point and the ferry-house, opposite to Gloucester point; abundant. Annual. August. TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 39 ORDER II. DIGYNIA. 36. Muhlenbergia, Schreber. Gen. pi. 103. (Graminee.) Calix very minute, truncated, 2-valved, une- qual. Corolla 2-valved, hairy at the base, exterior valve terminating in a slender awn. (Style 1?) Nutt. 1. M. culm compressed smooth branched, jointed, diffus*. joints smooth. Branches alternate spreading or erect. Leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth, keeled, dotted, transparent. Ligula obsoletely ciliated. Sheath striated, pubescent at the mouth. Pani- cle narrow divided thread-like, peduncles and pedicels rough. Cal. 1-valved, small, lateral, 1- flowered, persistent. Cor. 2-valved, one of the valves awned, the awn terminal, purplish rough, a little longer than the corolla. Stam.3, anthers white, as long as the corolla. Pist. 2, styles white, stigmas feathery purplish. Seed oblong, acuminate. Muhl. Dilepyrum minutiflorum, Mich. Spreading Muhlenbergia. In dry fields not uncommon. Near the Buck-Inn, on the Lancaster road, abundant. Perennial. July and August. 2. M. culm erect three feet high simple jointed, erectw joints pubescent. Leaves lanceolate alternate nerved. Ligula short, serrated at the apex. Sheath decurrent, striated, smooth. Panicle nar- row, simple. Cal. lateral, linear, 1-valved, mi- nute. Cor. 2-valved, green, one valve 9-nerved, pubescent with a terminal awn, three times the length of the corolla ; the other smaller bifid at the point, grooved on the back, carinate internal- ly, awned at the base. Stam. 2, filaments white, TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. anthers white. Pist. 2, white, plumose. Necta- ry white 2-leaved gibbous. Seed oblong accu- minate transparent. Muhl. Dilepyrum aristosum, Mich. Erect Muhlenbergia. In the woods of Jersey, near Haddonfield and Woodbury, rare. Perennial. June 37. Trichodium, Mich. fl. am. 1. p. 41. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, valves equal acute, keel some- what hispid. Corolla shorter 1-valved, awnless. Stigmata nearly sessile, a little hispid. Muhl. Desc. Ub. Gr. 1. T. culm erect; leaves and sheath scabrous ; pa- nicle diffused, with the branches trichotomous ; flowers fasciculate, terminal. Elliot. Cornucopia hyemalis, Walt. fl. car. 73. Agrostis scabra, Willd. sp. pi- 1. p. 370. ? Agrostis laxa, Schreb. gram- Icon. Mich. fl. Amer. 1.1. 8. Loose-flowered Hair-grass- A very beautiful and delicate grass. In dry fields and grassy places, common. Perennial. May. 2. T. culm smooth a span or half-foot high, genicu- late at the base, branched; the branches erect. Leaves linear-lanceolate, striate, scabrous on the margin, flat. Ligula white bifid acute. Sheath striate smooth. Panicle diffuse very much branched. Branches of the panicle verticillate, divaricate, pedicels near the calix thick, scabrous, flexuose. Calix 2-valved, valves unequal 1 flow- ered larger than the corolla. Corolla 1-valved, white awnless smooth, rarely awned. Stam. 3, anthers white. Pist. 2, white, stigmas hispid. Seed acuminate deciduous. Muhl. TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 41 Agrostris scabra. Willd. This beautiful grass is very common on the margins of, and roads through woods, and flowers two months later than the preceding. All the specimens I have collected, are taller than described by Dr. Muhlenberg. Perennial. July to October, 38. Leersia, Swartz, Gen. pi. 105. (Graminee.) Calix 0. Corolla 2-valved, closed: valves compressed, boat-shaped, without awns. (Stamens 1, 2, 3, and 6.) Nutt. 1. L. panicle loose, with scattered branches, small; virginicai flowers appressed ; monandrous, scabrous; the keel of the glumes sparingly ciliate. Elliot. L. oryzoides, Swartz. 20. Virginian Rice-grass. White-grass. About two or three feet high, very slender. On borders of swampy woods and near shaded rivulets, in Jersey ; also in the woods back of the Blue-bell Inn, Darby-road. Rare. Peren- nial. August. 2. L. culm 5 feet high jointed very scabrous, joints oryxoidei, pubescent. Leaves lanceolate nerved ciliated scabrous. Ligula short retuse. Sheath striated, carina hispid backward. Panicle diffuse ; branch- es of the panicle spreading, the lower ones in fours, the rest in pairs and solitary, inflated at the base, flexuose. Pedicels adpressed. Cor. glume bivalved compressed. Stam. 2 and 3 white. Pist. 2. Cut-grass- Sickle-grass. On the margins of ditches, field-drains, and rivulets, in Jer- sey and on this side of the Delaware. Not very common. Perennial. August. 5* 42 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 39. Agrostis, Gen. pi. 111. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, 1-flowered, valves acute. Corolla 2-valved. Stigmata longitudinally hispid or plumose. itri«ta. 1. A. panicle long upright, corollas shorter than the calix. Willd. Upright bent-grass. In meadows and on the borders of woods, not uncommon. Perennial. June. Mosieana. 2. A. panicle oblong compact, calices and corolla acuminate, nearly equal, awnless. Willd. A. lateriflora ? Mich. Mexican Bent grass. Root creeping, jointed or soboliferous. One of my speci- mens of this grass was sent to me by Dr. Muhlenberg, under the above name, wilh A. lateriflora, Mich, as a synonym. In his Deserip. Uber. Gr. he seems not to be certain of this, and says "compare them." Pursh has both plants, with his mark v. v., and his particular remarks on the A. lateriflora, would seem to indicate a certainty in his opinion, of the dif- ference of these plants. On the banks of the creeks in Jersey, and this side of the Delaware. Common. Perennial. Sep- tember. decumbem, Gaudin, & Muhl. »lba. 3. A. culm decumbent; panicle pyramidal; branches semi-verticillate, horizontally expand- ing : flowers crowded j corolla half the length of the calix. Elliot. Bastard Fiorin-grass. In the damp fields and borders of woods and meadows neaf Woodbury, Jersey, not rare. Mistaken there for Fiorin-grass. Dr. Muhlenberg thinks this plant hardly different from the A. stolonifera of Thouin, Perennial. June, July. 4. A. culm erect striate smooth, geniculate at the base, not stoloniferous, simple. Leaves linear- TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 43 lanceolate, nerved, scabrous. Ligula white acu- minate, apex 4-fid. Sheath striate smooth. Pani- cle at length diffuse. Branches verticillate Cal. 2- valved acute equal carinated, carina rough, green. Cor. 2-valved less than the calix, white, smooth at the base, valves unequal, awnless. Stam. 3, anthers yellow. Muhl. A. alba, Schrader. A. hispida, Willd. Herds-grass. Wild in woods, and also much cultivated. Dr. Muhlenberg hints that this species may be identical with A. dispar, Mich. and A. alba, and vulgaris, of the Hortus Kewensis. 5. A. culm erect; panicle finally diffuse purplish.vulgar^ Branches verticillate, and the little branches sca- brous. Cal. 2-valved equal glabrous. Cor. 2- valved smaller than the calix. Muhl. Red-top. Very frequent in similar places with No. 4. in Jersey, and also in the Neck, this side of the river. Perennial. June. 6. A. culm erect, terete, jointed, joints smooth, landestina. Leaves linear very long, nerved, stiff, somewhatMuW* rough on the margins, glaucous. Ligula none or small. Sheath long, hairy at the mouth. Panicle narrow terminal and lateral, hidden, and often somewhat spike-formed. Branches alternate, with the smaller ones smooth. Cal. 2-valved, , valves white unequal, carinated smooth. Cor. 2- valved, twice the length of the calix. Perhaps Agrostis aspera, Mich. Varies in size from nine inches to two feet. In this vicinity it is of low stature, seldom exceeding nine or ten inches ; but I have seen it on the borders of the Conestogoe creek, near Lancaster, two feet high. On the high gravelly banks or hills, near the canal road, and the Reservoir or Basin. Very rare. Perennial. September. 44 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 40. Cinna, L. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, compressed, nearly equal. Corolla linear, compressed, shortly stipitate, naked at the base, dorsal valve including the inner, with a small awn near the summit. Stamen 1, style 1. Seed somewhat oblique. Nutt. Miindinacea. 1. C panicle large weak; leaves broad-linear smooth, one valve sub-awned below the apex,stem gla- brous. Pursh. Agrostis Cinna, Pursh. Reed-like Cinna. Near the ferry-house opposite Gloucester point, and at the mouth of Timber creek, Jersey. Not common. Perennial. August. 41. Calamagrostis, Roth. (Graminee.) CaUx 2-valved, 1-flowered, valves acute or acuminate. Corolla 2-valved, mostly short- er than the calix, surrounded with a pubes- cence of long wool at the base, the dorsal valve with or without awn. Nutt. eeiorata, 1- C. panicle oblong swelled compact, glume acumi- sibthorp. nated. Pers- ench. Arundo colorata, Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 1. p. 174. and Smith, Fl. Brit. 174. Phalaris arundiuacea, Lin. Phalaris Americana, Elliot. Icon. Engl. bot. 402. Coloured Calamagrostis, or Reed grass. A beautiful grass, easily known by its long dense purplish- red panicles. On the bank walk from the Navy Yard to Gloucester point, frequent; also on the bank walk from Gray's ferry to Kingsess gardens, in prolusion. Sparingly elsewhere. TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 45 A beautiful variety with white, green and blue striped leaves, is cultivated in the gardens, and known by the names Ladies traces ; ribbon-grass, &c. On Mr. Pratt's grounds, at Lemon- hill, it is abundant, but I have never seen more than a slight approximation to these stripes, in the wild plant. Perennial. July, August. 2. C. panicle oblong, calices one-flowered, lanceolate, cinnoide*. carina rough pubescent, corolla awned at the back. Arundo cinnoides, Muhl. A. canadensis, Mich, and Pursh. A. confinis, Willd. enum. Reed-like Calamagrostis. In bogs and at river sides. From three to four feet high. Rather scarce. Near the spot I have particularised as the habitat of Iris prismatica. Perennial. August. 42. Anthoxanthum, Gen. pi. 58. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, 1-flowered. Corolla 2-valved; valves unequal, acuminate, awned from near the base. Stamina 2. Nutt. 1. A. spike oblong, ovate ; flowers on short pedun- odoratum. cles, longer than awn. Sp. pi. Icon. Fl. Dan. 666. Engl. bot. 647. Sweet-scented Vernal-grass. Sweet Anthox- It is the fine odour of this grass, which gives to hay, its sweet scent. Naturalized. In meadows and grass-plots, common. Perennial. May. 43. Crypsis, Lamarck. Calix 2-valved, oblong, 1-flowered. Corolla 2-valved, longer than the calix. Stamina 2 or 3. (Spike surrounded at the base by the sheath of the leaf; or the flowers collected into a leafy capitulum.) Nutt. 46 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. virginic, C. spikes oblong, thick, and lobed, generally sheath- iruttau. ecj jjy the inflated vagina of 2 short leaves ; culm procumbent, geniculate, nodes numerous, approx- imating ; leaves involute, rigid, and pungent; calix carinate, shorter than the corolla. Leaves short, filiform subulate, rigid and divaricate, almost entirely smooth, and somewhat glaucous; culm decumbent branched from the base ; spikes closely sheathed, axillary and terminal, about an inch long, sometimes oblong-ovate, lateral spikes often very short and roundish, rachis thick and angular at the base ; calix nearly equal, compressed carinate, acute, shorter than the corolla, ciliate on the carina (seen through a lens) ; corolla valves often rather unequal, inner valve some- what obtuse, naked at the base ; style exserted, long. Nutt. I first detected this plant growing in the streets of the su- burbs, and vacant corner lots of this city, and gave specimens, in 1816, to Mr. Collins, and subsequently to Mr. Nuttall, who has described it as above. Since the year 1816, I have found it more abundantly in this neighbourhood, on the turnpike road-sides, and in the crevices of pavements and stony ways. It comes very near to Cripsis aculeata, of Europe, compared with specimens in my herbarium; but the leaves are not pun- gent. It is, however, a distinct species, but is certainly not Agrostis virginica of Willd. and Pursh ; for the specimens in my possession of this latter plant, marked by Schrader, are not spiked ; but bear their flowers in a dense narrow panicle. Indeed it it is entirely unlike the A. virginica, in every respect; as Mr. Nuttall has acknowledged, on seeing my specimens, since the printing of his work, and, though the specific appella- tion Virginica, was added by Mr. Nuttall, under the impres- sion that the plant in question, and Agrostis Virginica, were the same, I have not thought it expedient to change it. Pro- bably introduced. Perennial. July, August. 44. Phleum, Gen. pi. 128. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, 1-flowered, valves linear with a retuse point, prominently carinate, each terminating in a cusp (or short awn). Corolla included within the calix. Nutt. Prat«nse. 1. P. spike cylindrical, very long, ciliate; stem erect. Sp. pi. Icon. Host. Gram. 2. t. 31. (Pursh.) Timothy-grass. TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 47 A well known and important grass, not a native, but now completely naturalized in this country. Every where among grass, particularly in meadows, quite common. Perennial. June, July. 45. Alopecurus, Gen pi. 102. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, 1-flowered. Corolla 1-valved, awned from the base. 1. A. culm erect, glumes oval, obtuse, the awn subarhtatus. scarcely exserted. Mich. A foot high, leaves smooth, spike very long. On the mar- gins of pools, in Jersey, near this city. Rare. Perennial. 46. Panicum, Gen. pi. 107. (Graminee.) Calix 3-vaIved, exterior valve often very small, 1-flowered, (mostly with the rudiments of a sessile, neutral or masculine floret.) Corolla (hermaphrodite) 2-valved, cartilaginous and persistent. Nutt. 1. P. spikes alternate and verticillate by pairs; spike- cms gaiu. lets subdivided ; glumes awned hispid ; rachis five-angled. Sp. PL P. hirtellum, Walt. var. a. muticum, valves of the calix without awns. /3. aristatum, just described. Cocksy-foot Panicum. A strong rough plant two feet high, with dark brown co- loured panicles. In damp places, very common. Perennial. Flowers all summer. 2. P. culm assurgent, geniculate, very glabrous ; eenicuiatum, pauicle terminal and axillary, diffuse and expand- Mu ing ; sheaths or' the leaves inflated. Elliot. P. dicotomiflornm. Mich. ? P. miiiaceuui, Walt. 48 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. Water-panic-grass. Decumbent at the base. Always found near waler. On the borders of the Schuylkill common. Annual. August. rostratum, 3. P. culm compressed, sheathes hairy, ancipitous ; MubK panicles racemose, pyramidal, with the flowers appressed ; branches frequently divaricate. Elliot. P. anceps, Mich. Two-edged panic-grass. Two or three feet high. On the borders of ditches, and field drains, and other wet places, common. Perennial. Au- gust. virgatum. 4. P. culm and leaves very glr.brous ; panicle diffuse, very large ; glumes acuminate, smooth. Elliot. P. coloratum, Walt. A beautiful grass from three to six feet high. On the road from Kaighn's point to the Woodbury road (Jersey), along the fences; also along the fences of fields, near Woodbury; to- lerably frequent. Perennial. August and later. dichotomum. 5. P. panicle very simple few flowered ; glumes obo- vate, leaves linear lanceolate divaricate smooth, base andneck bearded,stem dichotomous. Pursh. Under a foot high. In dry woods frequent, particularly in Jersey. July and August. rapiiiare. 6. P. panicle capillary very much branched, loose ; flowers small, all pedicellated, solitary oblong-oval acuminate, awnless. Leaves and sheathes very hairy. Mich. Willd. Said by Pursh to vary in height from 3 inches to 5 feet. With us it seldom attains a greater stature than eighteen inches. In sandy fields, particularly in Jersey, quite frequent- Annual. June and July. minor. 0- culm smooth, half a foot high, nearly purple, joint- ed, joints white. Lea\es linear-lanceolate pubes- cent and hairy. Ligula white, beard-form. Sheath TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 40 hairy, panicle erect. Inferior branches of the panicle opposite, the upper alternate. Cal. Car. Stam. Pist. Seed as in the preceding. Muhl. Very common; and rather more I think than a variety. 7» P. panicle with the lateral racemes simple ; leaves latifoiium. ovate-lanceolate, hairy at the throat. Sp.pl. /3. panicle few flowered enclosed in the sheath. Willd. ciandesti- num, A foot high. In dry shady places, common. Perennial. All summer. 8. P. panicle expanding, few flowered ; flowers very pauciflorum, large ; leaves narrow lanceolate, ciliate at theE,liot- base ; sheaths hairy. Elliot. In wet places, not uncommon. Perennial. May. 9. P. culm half a foot high branched below, slender, verrucosus, geniculate, nodes smooth inflated. Leaves alter- Muhl- nate remote linear-lanceolate, spreading nerved, smooth. Sheath long striate, hairy or ciliate on the margin. Ligula scarcely any, beard form. Panicle terminal spreading. Cal. 3-valved, one more acute, two ovate acute equal very green verrucose (not pubescent) three nerved. Cor. equal. Stam. 3, anthers reddish^brown. Pist. 2, blackish. Seed white. Muhl. In Jersey, about a mile from the river, opposite the city. Rare. August. 10. P culm two feet high, erect smooth compressed, agrostoides. jointed, joints smooth. Leaves lanceolate alter- nate carinated smooth long. Sheath striate smooth. Ligula obsolete short. Panicles terminal and late- ral, branched. Cal. 3-valved, base bristly, the third valve short acute, the rest equal acuminate three nerved, 1—2 flowered, smooth, finally pur- ple. Cor- 2-valved, less than the calix. Stam. 3, 6 liiim, Elliot. 50 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. anthers black. Pist. 2, black purple. Seed ash- coloured and white, smooth. Muhl. A tall purplish grass. Rare. In watery places. Near to the ferry house opposite Gloucester point, Jersey. Perennial. August. angustifo- 11. P. panicle few-flowered, expanding; leaves scattered, linear-lanceolate, glabrous underneath, sparingly ciliate. Elliot- In dry places, Jersey, rare. June; pauciflorum, 12. P. panicle expanding, few-flowered, flowers Elliot ? very large ; leaves narrow lanceolate, ciliate at base ; sheaths hairy. Elliot. Also in Jersey, but more common. Perennial. May. emifoiium, 13. P. plant small, glabrous, leaves ovate-lanceolate, Bald. very acute, expanding; panicle small, lew-flower- ed ; flowers somewhat ovate, pubescent. Elliot. About 12 inches high. On the high gravelly hills, near to Lemon-hill (canal road), Schuylkill. Perennial. May. muitiflorum, 14. P. culm erect, simple, glabrous; leaves broad, Eiiiot ? lanceolate, hairy at base ; panicle much branched, expanding ; flowers small, pubescent. Elliot. About two feet high. Leaves long and broad. Rare. Jersey, in shaded places. Perennial. May, June. strictum, 15. P. panicle solitary shorter than the terminal leaf; pursh. branches simple flexuose, glumes alternate pedun- culate obovate, turgid; valves numerously striated acute, leaves linear upright gradually becoming very acute, striated and scabrous above, hairy un- derneath, with long hairy sheaths. Pursh. About eight inches or a foot high. On the banks of the Delaware, opposite Philadelphia, not uncommon. Annual. July- TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 51 47. Pennisetjjm, Richard. Involucrum composed of many setze (or bris- tles.) Calix 2-valved, valves unequal, 2- flowered ; one of the flowers hermaphrodite, the other masculine (or rarely neuter) both sessile. (Flowers spiked, polygamous.) Nutt. 1. P. spike cylindrical: involucels two-flowered,giaucum. hairy, fasciculate ; seeds crossed by undulate wrinkles. Sp. pi. Panicum giaucum, Willd. Very common, flowering all summer. Annual. 2. P. spike terete sub-compound, undivided, invo- viride. lucels bristly small, seed nerved. Willd. Panicum viride, Willd. Not common, and seems to be introduced. Annual. July. 3. P. spike verticillate, the little racemes in fours, verticiiia- involucels one-flowered two-bristled,culm diffuse.tua" Willd. Panicum verticillatum, Willd. This species also seems to be introduced, common. Mr. Elliot has given Panicum alopicuroideum, of Walt., as a sy- nonym to No. 1., and Pursh adds it to the present species, saying, he has seen it in the herbarium of Walter. Annual. 48. Digitaria, Haller, Richard. Calix 2 or 3-valved, concave; exterior valve minute, or none, second variable, the inner- most as long the corolla. Corolla 2-valved, oblong ovate, terete, and awnless. Style very long. Nectary cleft. Nutt. 1. D- spikes expanding ; spikelets 2-flowered ; one sanguinis. sessile ; stem decumbent, creeping. 52 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. Panicum sanguinale, L. Syntherisma precox, Walt. Puspalum sanguinale, Lam. Ency. 5. p. 33. Icon. Curt. Lond. 4. t. 7- Purple Crab-grass. Very common every where in cultivated ground. Annual. All summer. Hfcrmis, 2. D. culm erect, leaves somewhat glabrous ; spike- lets erect, 3-flowered ; flowers all on footstalks ; valves of the calix nearly equal. Elliot. D. pilosa, Mich. ? Panicum filifornie, Herb. Lin. according to Smith; scarcely different from Milium panicum, Swartz, (Mtml.) Paspalus filiformis, Flugge. Syntherisma serotina, Walt. ? Panicum debile, Desfontaines. Erect Digitaria. A more delicate grass than the preceding; and more scarce. Annual. August, September. 49. Paspalum, Gen. pi. 107. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, equal, mostly orbicular. Co- rolla 2-valved, of the same figure and mag- nitude. Stigma plumose. Nutt. sfincoum, l, P. culm erect; leaves and sheaths villous ; spikes generally solitary, flowers in 2 rows. P. pubescens, Muhl. Deserip. Uberior Gram. P. dissectum, Walt. Slender Paspalum. A very slender and delicate grass, from 10 inches to a foot high. In Jersey, not uncommon. Annual. June, July. TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 53 2. P. culm erect; leaves short, very glabrous; i*ve, spikes alternate ; flowers 2-rowed, glabrous Mich- large. P. lentiferum, Lam. Ency. 5. p. 30. P. membranaceum, Walt. P. lentifer, Flugge. Occurs about as frequently as the preceding. August. Aristida, Gen pi. 125. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, 1-flowered. Corolla 1-valved, terminated by 3 awns. 1. A. culm setaceous, erect, somewhat dichotomous; dichotoma. calix longer than the corolla; the lateral awns very short, the intermediate longer, contorted. Elliot. Branching, or forked Aristida. A very ordinary looking grass, about a foot high, common on gravelly road-sides and stony commons. Frequent. On the Canal road to Lemon-hill, abundant. Mr. Nuttall says the larger contorted awn of this species, is hygromelric. Perennial. September. 50. Stipa, L. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, 1-flowered. Corolla shorter than the calix, 2 valved; valves involute and truncate. Awn terminal, very long, deci- duous, and contorted at the base. Nutt. 1. S. leaves convolute-filiform, panicle few-flowered: bicoior, branches simple, 1, 2-flowered, calices oblongVahl" acuminate scarcely longer than the seed, corolla stipitated : stipe bearded. Vahl. S. barbata. Mich. fl. Am. 1. p. 53. but not of Des- fontaines. S. Virginica, Pers. ench. 1. p. 99. S. Avenacea, Walt, not of Linnaeus. 6* TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. S. Avenacea, Muhl. Deserip. Uber. Gram. Clayton, p. 15. No. 621. (Elliot.) Two-coloured feather-grass. A very singular and beautiful grass from two to three feet high. Along the borders and open parts of the woods on the road from Camden to Woodbury. Not unfrequent. Peren- nial. July, August. 51. Andropogon, Gen. pi. 1566, (Graminee.) Flowers in pairs, polygamous ; the hermaphro- dite sessile : the masculine or neutral flow- er, without awn and pedicellate.—Herma- phrodite. Calix 2-valved, 1 flowered. Corolla of 3-valves ; the second valve smal- ler and awned, the third interior minute. Stamina 1 to 3. Receptacle or rachis most- ly villous. Involucrum^ a fasciculate vil- lus at the base of the flowers. (In many species the leaves are boat-shaped, or like tumid sheaths.) Nutt. 1. A. leaves and sheaths smooth, panicle naked somewhat pyramidal-oblong many flowered, flowers rufous triandrous, one valve of the glume villous, awn very much contorted. Mich. A. ciliatus, Elliot. A. nutans, Muhl. but not of Elliot, nor A. nutans L. Fringed beard-grass. There appears to have been some confusion between this species, and the A. nutans of Lin.; and Dr. Muhlenberg con- sidered them as identical. In his Descriptio Uberior Gram. he has A. nutans, with the A. ciliatus of Mr Elliot, and the A. avenaceum of Michaux, as synonyms. But Mr. Elliot himself describes the nutans, as distinct from his ciliatus. In the grass intended above, which grows in profusion in Jersey, and in the neighbourhood of Lancaster, I have never seen TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. the panicle drooping, but always erect- The same thing has been observed by Mr. Nuttall respecting the plant in ques- tion, and he informs me he is well acquainted with the true A. nutans, which is entirely distinct from the A. avenaceum of Michaux. I have therefore, supported by his authority, together with the fact of Mr. Elliot describing both plants, been induced to insert the above synonyms. In an excursion with the late Dr. Muhlenberg in the vicinity of Lancaster, I remember our collecting the same plant intended above, and his informing me at the time, that there was " some confusion respecting that plant and the A. nutans, but that he believed they were the same." I therefore made them synonymous in my Prodromus. In dry fields in Jersey, particularly near Woodbury, abundant. Perennial. September. 2. A. culm erect 3 feet high compressed below, purpuras- above nearly round, purplish, with smooth joints.cens' Branches remotely alternate bearing spikes at the apex. Leaves lanceolate acuminate somewhat mucronate, glaucous, hairy at the base, scabrous on the margin* Sheaths nerved, hairy below, smooth above. Ligula retuse. Spikes simple, peduncles in pairs and by threes, upright, lateral and terminal. Rachis ciliated. Cal. hermap. 2-valved acute longer than the corolla, woolly at the base. Cor. hermap. 2-valved purplish smooth, or under a lens, ciliated on the margin, one valve emarginated awned. Stam. 3, anthers purplish or yellow. Pist. 2, purplish feathery. Seed purplish, oblong. A. scoparius, Mich. Purple beard-grass. In arid soils both on the Pennsylvania and Jersey side of the Delaware, common. Perennial. August. 3. A. culm 5 feet high semi-terete, erect smooth, furcatus, jointed ; joints smooth. Branches ' alternate. MuhU Leaves lanceolate hairy at the base, margin sca- brous. Sheaths hairy. Ligula bearded at the apex. Spikes terminal conjugate and digitate ; peduncles solitary, rachis hairy. Cal- hermaph. glume 2-valved pubescent on the margin, lateral- 56 TK1ANDRIA, DIGYNIA. ly excavated. Cor. hermaph. glume 2-valved smooth, one valve awned. Stam. 3, anthers yel- low and purple. Pist. 2 feathery. Cal. masc. glume 2-valved, equal, pedicel hairy. Cor. masc. 2-valved, awned. Stam. 3, yellow. Pist. 2, abortive. Muhl. In similar places with No. 2. Perennial. August. 4. A. panicle clustered ; spikes conjugate, clustered, the flowers in pairs ; sheaths of the leaves sca- brous, the margins hairy. Elliot. Cinna glomerata, Walt. p. 59. Cluster flowered Beard-grass. Three feet high. In the low damp grounds and boggy places of Jersey, every where common. Perennial. Sept. dissitiflorus, 5. A. panicle slender, appresse^d ; spikes solitary, Mich* conjugate, as long as the sheath; flowers by pairs ; the hermaphrodite awned ; with the awn straight, scabrous, caducous. Elliot. A. Virginicus, L. and Muhl. Des. Ub. Cinna lateralis, Gr. Walt. Slender-spiked beard grass- Common Broom-grass. Indian-grass. From two to three feet high. Every where in dry and poor soils very abundant. On the west bank of the Schuyl- kill, just above Market street bridge, frequent. Perennial. September. 52. Aira, Gen. pi. 112. (Graminee.) Calix shining, 2-valved, 2-flowered. Corolla awnless, or awned from the base, 2-valved. Florets without a third rudiment between them. macrouros, Mich. TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 57 1. A. culm small cespitose. Leaves linear setaceous, precox. Sheath long smooth. Ligula white bifid. Pani- cle narrow ; flowerets awned on the back. Muhl. Icon. Fl. Dan. 383. Early flowering Hair-grass. From two to four inches high, seldom exceeding a span. In Jersey on sandy elevations not uncommon. Near Camden and Woodbury frequent. Perennial. May. 2. A. panicle expanding, trichotomous ; peduncles flexuosa, flexuous; awn geniculate ; leaves setaceous j culm nearly naked. Sp. pi. Icon. Eng. Bot. 1519. Fl. Dan. 157". Flexuose Hair-grass. A very beautiful grass, about twelve or fourteen inches high, shining, when in flower, with a purple and pearly hue. On the shaded banks of Cooper's creek, in a right line from Arch street ferry. Perennial. June. 3. A. leaves flat; panicle contracted; flowers obtusata, smooth, obtuse ; the interior valve of the calix ob- Mich< liquely truncate. Elliot. A. truncata, Muhl. Holcus striatus, L. ? Obtuse-flowered Hair-grass. From fourteen inches to two feet high. Leaves long. In dry places on this and the Jersey side of the Delaware fre- quent. Perennial. June. 53. Holcus, Gen. pi.1565. (Graminee.) Calix 2-flowered, 2-valved (opake and nervose). Corolla smaller, 2-valved, the exterior yalve awned. Nectary linear, 2-parted. Stigma nearly sessile. Nutt. 1. H. leaves lanceolate soft, woolly. Sheath woolly, lanatus. Ligula white serrated. Panicle narrow. Branch- TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. es solitary and in threes, hairy and flexuous. Calix glumes 2^valved pallid, 2 flowered, the hermaph- rodite flower sessile, the male pedicellated, valves ciliated three nerved dotted. Cor. hermaphrodite 2-valved glabrous awnless. Stam. 3. Pist. 2, feathery. Cor. male 2-valved aristated. Muhl. White-Timothy. Salem grass. About twelve inches high. Whole plant ^oft and woolly, with the panicle often purple. Grows in moist meadows in Jersey, abundantly; the Pennsylvania side of the river more rare. It makes good fodder. Perennial. June. 54. PoA, Gen. pi. 114. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, many-flowered. Spikelets more or less ovate, without awns, valves somewhat acute, discoloured, with scariose margins. Nutt. 1. P. panicle diffuse; branches expanding at right angles; spikelets obtuse, 5-flowered ; stem oblique compressed- Sp. Pi. Icon. Host, gram. 2. t. 64. Lears. fl. hab. t. 6. f. 1. (Pursh.) Annual Meadow-grass. One of the commonest grasses every where ; in grass plots abundant. Annual. Flowers from April till autumn. 2. P. culm a foot high compressed, often oblique. Leaves linear, carinated, nerved, smooth, bluish. Ligula white, short ovate acute emarginate. Sheath smooth. Panicle coarctate nearly erect, glabrous. Branches of the panicle short in pairs ; spikes terete, sessile, jointed at base. Calix 2- valved, 3—8 flowered. Cor. 2-valved, margin purplish, smooth and sub-villous at the base. Muhl. Icon. Eng. Bot. 365. TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 59 Blue-grass. Wire-grass. A well-known grass. It makes excellent hay. Root peren- nial and repent. Middle of June. 3. P. panicle fasciculated ; spikes very long, nearly reptam, sessile, many-flowered ; flowers oblong acuteMich< loose; leaves short pubescent; culm branched, creeping. Mich. P. hypnoides, Lam. encycl. 5. p. 87. Icon. Mich. t. 11. (excellent.) Creeping Meadow-grass. A most delicate and beautiful little grass, about a span high, with a dichotomous, creeping geniculate, assurgent culm * and subulate opposite leaves. Close to the margin of the Schuyl- kill, on the western shore, towards the falls, rare. July, and August. 4. P. panicle loose, expanding, capillary; spike 3— capillar*. 5 flowered ; flowers pubescent ; leaves hairy ; culm very much branched. Sp. pi- P. angulata, Walt ? Hair-panicled Meadow-grass. Generally under a foot high, but varying in size exceedingly. ©ne of the most common species. Infields. Annual. Au- gust. 5. P. culm a span high oblique and procumbent, piiosa, jointed, somewhat angular. Leaves linear lanceo- Muhl* late, 5-nerved, hairy at the base. Ligula bearded. Sheath striate glabrous, hairy at the neck. Pa- nicle erect, at length diffuse. Lower branches of the panicle aggregated 4—6, the upper ones soli- tary flexuous, with joints hairy at the base. Calix 2-valved, 4—-6—8—12 flowered, purplish at the apex. Cor. 2-valved, the valves somewhat obtuse, inflated, purplish, smooth at the base. Muhl. P. pectinacea, Mich. Hairy Meadow-grass. 60 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. Easily recognised by its dingy purplish colour, and obliquely decumbent culms. Along sandy and gravelly way-sides, com- mon both this, and the Jersey side of the Delaware. Annual. July, August. pratemi,. 6. P. panicle diffuse, spikes four-flowered, glumes lanceolate 6-nerved, ligula short obtuse. Smith. Willd. Icon. Engl. Bot. t. 1073. Common Spear-grass. Introduced, and naturalized, being found every where in grassy fields. Perennial. June. triviaiis. 7- P. panicle diffuse, spikes 3-flowered, glumes lan- ceolate 5-nerved, ligula long. Smith. Willd. Icon. Engl. Bot. t. 1072. Rough stemmed Spear-grass. Also introduced and naturalized. In meadows and fields common with the preceding, and very like it; easily distin- guished, however, by ihe ligula, which is short, truncate or obtuse in No. 6, and long, more inclining to acute in the pre- sent species. Perennial. June to August. »mdis, 8. P. leaves flat, linear, abruptly acute ; panicle MuU' somewhat crowded; spikes ovate, acute, four- flowered. Elliot. P. angustifolia, Smith. ? P. pratensis, Schrader. Green Meadow-grass. Green-grass. About twelve or eighteen inches high, with leaves of a re- markably deep green colour. In meadows and grass plots, common. It affords good fodder. (Muhl.) Root perennial, ere eping. M ay, J une. nervata. 9. P. culm 3 feet high, terete, striate, glabrous point- ed. Leaves alternate amplexicaule horizontal, lanceolate smooth striate, carinate. Ligula short ovate. Sheath smooth, striate* Panicle terminal TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. branched, when young upright, further advanced, nutant. Branches of the panicle in pairs or threes ; the smaller branches scabrous. Cal. 2-valved acute less than the corolla, 5-flowered. Cor. 2- valved equal obtuse nervose smooth. Stam. 3 and 2, anthers red. Pist. 2. Seed ovate, brown, shining. Muhl. P. striata, Mich. In swamps and bogs, rare. In the spongy swamps near Kaighn's point, where Fuirena Sqtiarrosa grows. Perennial. June. 10. P. root somewhat cespitose and perennial; culm cuspidata. partly ancipital, about a foot high. Radical leaves erect, long, and narrow ; leaves on the culm ge- nerally 2, flat, oblong, lanceolate, scabrous only on the margin, the lower about an inch long, the upper just visible ; all erect and carinate, with a coarctate pungent point; stipula truncate, lacerate, sometimes abruptly acuminate ; sheaths long, but a little shorter than the nodes. Panicle small, se- miverticillate, alternate, horizontally spreading, terminating in an almost simple raceme; branch- es capillary, mostly by twos or threes ; fasciculi 3 or 4. Spiculi crowded towards the extremities of the ramifications, cuneate-ovate, or lanceolate, before flowering somewhat acute, 3 or 4-flowered. Calix smooth, inner valve acute. Corolla ovate lanceolate, a little obtuse and scariose at the point, villous at the base, obsoletely 5-nerved, 3 of the lesser nerves ciliately pubescent below. Stamina exserted, tremulous, bifurcate at either extremity. Styles sessile, complicately plumose, white. Nutt. P. autumnalis, Elliot. P. flexuosa, Muhl. ? A very early flowering grass, admirably described above. As I think the name autumnalis an inappropriate one, I have proposed that of cuspidata, from the spit-pointed, or pungent leaves. On the high rocks bordering the Schuylkill af Le- mon-hill, and also on those a mile south of the falls, frequent. April. 7 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 11. P. panicle branching, expanding, capillary; spikes 3-flowered, glabrous, on long peduncles; leaves linear, very long. Elliot. Slender Meadow-grass. An exceedingly delicate and slender plant, well described by Mr. Elliot. About a foot high ; not unfrequently of lower stature. In the shaded low woods of Jersey, common ; this side of the river in similar places, less frequent. Perennial.' August. 12. P. culm erect, smooth, jointed, striate. Leaves linear-lanceolate scabrous on the margin, nerved. Ligula white, bifid, retuse. Panicle crowded and narrow. Branches of the panicle 2-3, con- ferted. Cal. 2-valved, less than the corolla, 5-7- flowered with valves white at the apex obtuse or acute. Cor. 2-valved, exterior valve ovate ob- tuse 5-nerved smooth. Stam. often 2. Seed ob- long and obovate. Muhl. Not the Poa obtusa of Nuttall. Perhaps Briza vi- rens, Walt. ? but certainly not of L. Blunt-flowered Meadow-grass. In the same spongy swamp, near Kaighn's point, already particularly mentioned. Perennial. September. PhUadeiphi- 13- P. panicle elongated, almost simply branched c* at the base, branches erect; spikelets compressed, oblong-ovate, obtuse, upon very short peduncles, 8 to 15-flowered ; valves of the calix acute, near- ly the length of the 3-nerved flowers, inner valve with one nerve, the outer with three ; culm rather weak and compressed ? leaves flat and smooth, stipula obsolete, softly bearded. Culm simple, about 18 inches high ; leaves few, rather long, flat, and smooth, a little asperate on the margin ; panicle about 4 or 5 inches long, simply branched near the base, run- ning out almost into a raceme above; flosculi closely imbrica- ted, compressed ; outer valve 3-nerved, truncate at the point; stamina 3, short; styles slender, simply pennate. 62 tenui,, Elliot. obtusa, Muhl. TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 63 Briza virens P Walter. Flor. Car. 79. Closely allied to the B. Eragrostis, (Poa megastachya, J but readily distinguished by its unbranched weak, and compres- sed stem, the length of its leaves, which are not involute and rigid, the scattered few-flowered panicle, and particularly the obtuse points of the flower glumes, and lastly by the calix, in which the larger valve is 3-nerved, and consequently similar to the corolla, while the calix glumes of the Poa megastachya have each but a single nerve, a character which not only dis- tinguishes it well from the present species, but also from the P. Eragrostis, in which the larger valve of the calix is also 3-nerved, similar to the corolla. Nuttall. P. obtusa, Nutt. I detected this plant in the neighbourhood of this city two years ago, and gave specipens to Mr. Nuttall, who has de- scribed it as above. I have changed his specific name, be- cause it was previously given by Muhl. to No. 12. July. 56. Briza, Gen. pi. 115. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, many-flowered. Spikelets dis- tichous, valves ventricose, cordate, obtuse; interior valve minute. Nutt. l.B. culm geniculate, jointed. Leaves lanceolate«r..g.osti..- nerved alternate, scabrous on the margin, some- times hairy. Ligula white, beard-form. Sheath striate, neck hairy. Panicle spreading. Lower branches of the panicle solitary, upper ones in pairs and threes, hairy in the axil. Spikelets ovate-lanceolate pedicellate. Cal. 2-valved, 12__ 20-flowered. Cor. 2-valved, valves striate trans- parent unequal; the interior less, pubescent. Muhl. B. Canadensis of Mich, according to Swartz. Poa megastachya. Poa Caroliniana, Walt. ? The spikelets of a leaden, or bluish-green colour. In Jer- sey very common in the sandy roads. Annual. July, Au- gust. ' 2. B. culm erect glabrous ; leaves long, scabrous on caaadewu. the back. Spikelets ovate erect. Cal. 2-valved lanceolate less than the corolla 7-flowered unequal small. Cor. 2-valved the exterior ovate acute 5- TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. nerved glabrous, the interior orbicular, a little shorter and broader. Muhl. Grows in the same place with Fuirena Squarrosa, near Kaighn's point. July- 57- Windsoria, Nuttall, Gen. Am. pi. vol.i. p. 70. (Gra- minee.) Calix carinate, many-flowered, 2-valved; valves rather large, scariose, uninervial, acute or cuspidate. Spikelets thick; flowers closely incumbent, and distichally imbrica- ted ; nerves of the dorsal valve mucronate, with intermediate dentures, ciliate below : inner valve mostly naked, emarginate. Styles slender, with simply pectinated stigmas. Seed calciform, corrugate, impressed with a flat, central, oval hilum near its base. Nutt. 1. W. spikelets mostly 5-flowered, exterior valve of the corolla ovate, convex, tricuspidate, with 2 in- termediate teeth, inner valve with 2 setaceous points, smooth. Nutt. Poa Sesleroides, Mich. Poa quinquefida, Pursh. Poa flava. L. Poa subverticillata, Lamark ? Festuca purpurea, Schreber. Red-top. About two feet high, generally of a reddish purple, but I have collected specimens of a yellow colour, and some tew nearly white. In barren woods and on the borders of cultiva- ted fields, not uncommon. Perennial. August. TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 65 58. Danthonia, Decandolle. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, many flowered, very large, equal to or exceeding the included spikelet. Exterior valve of the corolla concave, with the points emarginate, mucronate, awned, or unarmed and then trifid. Nutt. 1. D. leaves subulate, short, those of the root often «picata. hairy on the upper surface ; stipula obsolete, cili- ate ; raceme simple, or subdivided near the base ; spikelets 4 to 9 ; calix longer than the spikelet; flosculi 6 or 7. Nutt. Avena spicata, L. not of Elliott. From one to two feet high ; leaves 2 to 4 inches long. In dry coppices every where frequent. Perennial. April. 2. D. culm erect; raceme compounded, branches 2 sericea, and 3-flowered ; spikelets 9 to 13, 8 and 9-flow-NuttaUl ered, somewhat shorter than the calix ; corolla valves very unequal, outer lanceolate, densely vil- lous on the margin, setosely bifid at, the point, with a central contorted awn ; inner valve ciliate, much shorter. Nutt. Avena spicata, Elliot. Avena glumosa, Mich. ? and Muhl. ? This beautiful species, first described by Mr. Nuttall, as an inhabitant of Carolina, was last summer found both by him, and myself, in Jersey within a mile or two of this city. Not common. July. 59. Festuca, Gen. pi. 119. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, many-flowered. Spikelets compressed, distichal, acute at either extre- mity. Outer valve of the corolla entire, generally terminating in an awn. " Seed growing to the corolla. "Schrader. 7* 66 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. teneiia. i, F. panicle simple, leaning one way; spikelets ge- nerally*8 flowered, awned. Sp. pi. Festuca octoflora, Walt. F. bromoides, Mich. An upright, simple-stemmed little grass, about nine or ten inches high, with the panicle leaning to one side Near Cam- den in the sandy grass-lawns bordering the woods frequent; and in the neighbourhood of Woodbury along all the roads running through dry sandy woods, abundant. When old it assumes a deep brown colour. Annual. May. myuru«. 2- F. panicle slender, appressed ; spikelets 4-flower- ed, awned, hairy ; flowers monandrous. Elliot. F. quadriflora, Walt. Hairy -flowered Festuca. A small, slender grass, from 1£ to 4 inches high, generally found growing with Aira precox, in the sandy soils of Jersey. Not rare. Biennial. June. fiuitani. 3. F. panicle long, loose, branches simple, spikelets adpressed, round-linear many-flowered, flosculi awnless striate, culm decumbent, leaves very glabrous. Willd. Icon. Eng. bot. 1520. River-Festuca. In ditches and purling rivulets in Jersey, about ten miles south-east of this city, and somewhat east of Woodbury. Pe- rennial. June. eiatior. 4, p. panicle somewhat diffuse, nutant, very much branched, loose ; spikelets ovate-lanceolate acute, flosculi cylindric obsoletely nerved. Smith. F. pratensis, Willd. Icon. Engl. bot. 1593. Tall Fescue-grass. In meadows and moist low grounds, everv where common. Yields fine fodder. Perennial. Beginning of July. TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 67 5. F. panicle with branches on one side, nodding, nutans. scabrous ; spikelets ovate, compressed, generally 6-flowered ; flowers acute, unawned ; leaves li- near-lanceolate. Willd. Nodding- Fescue grass. Two or three feet high. In woods common. Perennial. June. 6. F. culm triquetrous, or semi-terete, jointed, joints brevifoiia. pubescent or hairy above, cespitose. Leaves short, distichal, lanceolate, striate, convolute at the apex. Sheath long striate. Panicle terminal flexuose, and concealed at the base. Cal. 2-valved, valves lanceolate nearly equal awnless, carinated, one serrated at the apex. Qor. white 2-valved ? .hairy, one 3-nerved sub-bifid, the other hairy at the apex. Stam. 3. Pist. 2, blackish plumous- Seed oblong naked. Root long very slender. Muhl. Short leaved Fescue-grass- Grows in and near water ; in Jersey not uncommon. Pe- rennial. July. 60. Bromus, Gen. pi. 120. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, many-flowered. Spikelets ob- long, distichal. Outer valves of the corolla often bifid at the point, and awned below the summit; interior glume pectinately ciliate. Nutt. 1. B. panicle nodding ; spikelets ovate, compressed ; seeaiinu*. glumes naked, distinct; awns subulate, short, Straight. Sp. pi. Icon. Host. gram. 1.1. 12. (Pursh) Cheat- 68 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. A well known grass, called as above, from its resemblance to rye. In rye-fields frequent, and in the neighbourhood of barns, on all the farms within ten miles of Philadelphia. In- troduced. Annual* July. nuitffiorui. 2. B. panicle spreading; peduncles nearly simple, spikelets ovate lanceolate compressed 15-flower- ed, flosculi sub-imbricated roundish. Smith. B. secalinus. Leers. 36. t. 11. f. 2. Lightf. 1086. Linn. Fl. Suec ed- 2. 96. var. 2. (Smith.) Many-flowered Cheat. Resembles the preceding in habit, very much ; and is, in- deed, very nearly allied to it. Grows in similar places. Along the bank-walk from Gray's ferry to Kingsess-gardens, fre- quent. Most probably introduced. Annual. June. purgans. 3* B. panicle nodding ; leaves naked ; sheaths vil- lous ; glumes hairy. Sppl- Cathartic Broom-grass. In neglected fields in Jersey, frequent. Perennial. Au- gust. 61. Dactylis, Gen. pi. 117. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, many-flowered, compressed, one of the valves larger, and carinate, some- what awned. Corolla 2-valved.—Spikelets aggregate and capitate. Nutt. giomerata. 1. D. panicle secund, clustered. Sp.pl. Icon. Host. gram. 2. t. 94. Schreb. gram. t. 8. f. 2. (Pursh.) Orchard-grass. A well-known grass by the above English name. Intro- duced, but now naturalized. In all fields, meadows, and woods common. Perennial. June* TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 69 62. Avena, Gen. pi. 122. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, 2, 3, or many-flowered. Co- rolla, exterior valve lanceolate, somewhat te- rete, furnished with a dorsal awn. Awn ge- niculate, and contorted. " Seed for the most part invested by the corolla." Schrader. (Glumes of the calix membranaceous, re- sembling follicles.) Nutt. 1. A. culm 3 feet high, jointed, joints oblong smoth. eiatior. Leaves lanceolate. Branches of the panicle soli- tary and ternate divided. Cal. 2-flowered, 2- valved, valves unequal, with one flower awnless, the other awned. Cor. glume 2-valved, the awn bearded at the base. Stam. 3 with yellow an- thers. Pist. 2 white plumose. Muhl. Found frequently in cultivated fields, interspersed with grass and grain. Introduced .with grass-seeds from Europe, but now naturalized. Perennial. June. 2. A. culm half a foot high jointed, joints smooth, paimuk. Leaves linear-lanceolate nerved smooth. Sheath striate smooth. Ligula small bearded. Panicle narrow ; branches unequal 4—6, 1-flowered and many-flowered smooth. Cal. 2-valved acute marginated 2-flowered, one flower sessile, the other pedicellated, the pedicel pubescent. Cor- 2-valved, acuminated in the sessile flowers ; the awn of the pedicellated flowers oblique at the apex. Muhl. Aira pallens. Muhl. A. Pennsylvanica. Sprengel. This beautiful grass occurs with and without awns. The aristated variety is most common. In Jersey, in damp woods and moist low grounds, frequent. Also occurs on this side of the river, but less often. Perennial. May, 79 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 63. Arundo, Gen. pi. 124. (Graminee.) Calix 2-valved, many-flowered. Corolla smooth, surrounded at the base by a long villous wool. Nutt. einnoidM. l. A. culm terete glabrous, erect, simple, 3 feet high. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate nerved, above hairy, smooth below. Sheaths nerved, backwardly pu- bescent Panicle erect narrow green, branches in threes scabrous. Cal. glume 2-valved 1-flower- ed, valves sub-equal, acuminate, purplish, carinate at the apex. Cor. less than the calix 2-valved, purplish at the apex, carinate. Muhl. A. Canadensis, Mich. A. confims, Willd. Cinna-like Reed. A very handsome large grass, with a parti-coloured long, heavy dense panicle. Near where Iris prismatica grows, Jer- sey. Rare. Perennial. August. 64. Elusine, Gxrt. Lamark. (Graminee.) Spikes digitate.—Flowers awnless, disposed on one side of the rachis (or receptacle.) Calix carinate, many-flowered, dorsal valve larger, 5 to 9-nerved. Corolla 2-valved, awnless. (Flowers all hermaphrodite.) Nutt. indica. I.E. culm erect andprocumbent,compressed, jointed. Leaves alternate, lanceolate nerved hairy. Ligu- la white, short sub-serrate. Sheath striate smooth, hairy at the mouth. Spikes terminal 2—4, rare- ly solitary, flosculi secund. Cal. 2-valved, 2—6- flowered, valves ovate awnless, something smaller than the corolla. Cor. 2-valved compressed awn- less. Muhl. Cynosurus Indicus, L- TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. j\ Crab-grass. Crop-grass. Tard-grass. Crow-foot- grass. Very common every where on road-sides and even in the crevices of the bricks on our pavements in this city. Pe- rennial. July. 65. Anthopogon, Nuttall, Gen.Am.pl. 81. (Graminee.) Flowers polygamous, irregularly alternating upon setaceous spikes disposed in a panicle. —Calix 2-valved, 2-flowered, one of the flowers in the form of an abortive pedicellate seta, valves rigid, subulate, and unequal, growing to the impressed angular rachis. Corolla, hermaphrodite, 2-valved, outer valve terminated by a long and straight awn. Neutral rudiment pedicellate, of one minute valve going out into an awn. Seed linear- oblong, internally marked with a longitudi- nal furrow. Nutt. 1. A. culm 18 inches to 2 feet high, decumbent at Lepturoides. the base, upwards assurgent and erect, leafy with short and numerous articulations Leaves short, ovate-lanceolate, very acute, smooth, flat. Pani- cle sub-verticillate; spikes or racemes numerous (20 to 30) simple, setaceous and very long ; ra- chis angular, scabrous. Flowers interrupted, ap- proximating towards the extremities, appressed to the rachis. Cal. 2-valved, 2-flowered, growing to the rachis. Cor. hermaphrodite, 2-valved. Stam. 3, exserted. Styles 2. Stigma plumose. Seed naked, linear-oblong. Nutt. A. ambiguum, Mich. A singular and pretty grass, for specimens of which I am indebted to Mr. Nuttall, not having met with it myself. In the woods of Jersey a mile or two from the Delaware. Mr. Nuttall. Perennial. 72 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 66, Elvmus, Gen. pi. 128. (Graminee.) Cafe*lateral, 2-valved, many-flowered, aggre- gated by pairs, in the manner of a 4 leaved involucrum. Corolla 2-valved. Nutt. virginicus. j, £t spike erect, spikelets 3-flowered, awned, gla- brous, by pairs ; calix lanceolate, nerved, as long as the spikes. Willd. enum. E. Carolinianus, Walt. Virginian Rye-grass. Three feet high. Between Market street bridge and the Woodlands, near the Schuylkill, frequent—elsewhere not so common. Perennial. July. hystvix. 2. E. culm erect; spikelets expanding, destitute of an involucrum. Sp. pi. Asprella hystrix, Willd. A very handsome species of Rye-grass two or three feet high. On the shaded woody banks of the Schuylkill near Breck's Island, frequent. I have not found it elsewhere. Pe- rennial. July. viiiosus. 3. E. culm erect four feet high terete jointed, the joints smooth. Leaves lanceolate smooth, scabrous on the margin. Ligula obsolete. Sheaths hir- sute ; strigose ; the upper ones smooth. Spike sub-erect, rachis hairy, nutant at the apex. Spike- lets somewhat spreading binate, 2—3-flowered. Involucre 4—6-leaved, leaflets linear two-nerved aristated hairy-ciliated, 4—6-flowered. Cor. 2- valved hairy in the margin, one-valve awned, the awn upright, longer than the involucre, hispid. Stam. 3. Pist. 2. Muhl. A large species. On the rocky eminences near the Schuylkill, west side, between Market street bridge and the Woodlands. Rare. Perennial. July. TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 7 67. Lolium. Gen. pi. 38. (Graminee.) Calix of one leaf, fixed to the rachis, many- flowered. Flosculi distichally imbricated. Seed coated by the corolla—spike simple. Nutt. 1. L. spike awnless, spikelets longer than the calix, perenne. flosculi lanceolate. Smith. Darnel. Frequently occurring in grassy lanes and fields, probably in- troduced. Perennial. June. Mollugo. Gen. pi. 139. (Caryophillee.) Calix 5-leaved, coloured inside. Corolla 0. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved. 1. M. leaves verticillate, wedge-shaped, acute ; verticiiiata. stem somewhat divided, decumbent; peduncles 1-flowered—Sp. Pi. Icon. Pluk. mant. t. 332. f. 5. Carpet-weed. Indian Chickweed. Quite appressed to the earth, sometimes in favourable situa- tions covering a circle eighteen inches in diameter. It is generally smaller. In cultivated fields very common, particu- « larly along the neglected borders of such places. Sometimes met with growing between the brick pavements of our streets where they are little used. Annual. From Spring till Autumn. 68. Queria, L. (Caryophillee.) Calix connivent, 5-parted, segments oblong, apex subsaceate (or furnished with an arched callosity.) Corolla none. Filaments of the anthers distinct; intermediate, setae none. Stigma subcapitate. Capsule utricular, not opening. Seed 1, subreniform. Nutt. 8 74 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. canadensis, l. Q. stem erect or spreading, dichotomous, much branched, retrorsely pubescent j leaves nearly gla- brous, cuneate-oblong, acute; flowers erect, shorter than the stipules. Stamina 3, rarely 5 j leaves (through a glass) sub-ciliate. Nutt. Anychia dichotoma, Mich. Icon. Ort. dec. t. 15. f. 2. (Pursh.) An humble plant of mean appearance, every where common on the borders of woods, and by way-sides, in poor and lime- stone soil. In Jersey abundant. Along the turnpike roads running from this city, and sometimes among the stones, fre- quent. Annual. July—August. capiiiacea, 2. Q. erect and glabrous, dichotomously and dif- fusely branched, branches capillary ; leaves ovate, very smooth, attenuated towards the base, rather obtuse ; flowers spreading, longer than the sti- pules. Stamina 3, rarely 5. Nutt. A genuine and well marked species, hitherto confounded with the preceding. I have long noticed the specific differ- ence between these two plants, and once called the attention of the late Dr. Muhlenberg to it. With his usual caution however he said *' he wished to see further." I have observ- ed them both in several parts of the United States, and found them always retaining the same character. No. 2. is very abundant on the high and woody hills near what is called Hand's pass, on the Lancaster road. It is also very common on the great hills between York and Baltimore, and there the other species is more rare. Both species are common in the vicinity of the city of Washington. In the neighbourhood of this city No. 1. is more frequent than No. 2, which however is far from being rare. In grassy woods, near and above the falls of Schuylkill. In the copses of the Neck ; and in the woods back of the Blue-bell Inn, on the Darby road. Annual. July, August. 69. Eriocaulon. Gen. pi. 132. (Junci.) Common calix many-leaved, many flowered; proper calix superior of 2 or 3 leaves.— Male flowers central. Corolla monopetalous, cloven.—Female flowers marginal; corolla TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 75 of 2 petals. Stigmas 2 or 3. Capsule of 2 or 3 cells, cells 1-seeded. Nutt. I.E. scapes aggregated, somewhat pubescent; leaves flaviduium; short, subulate ensiform, nerved ; capitulum con- vex ; involucre scales sub-orbiculate j flosculi scarcely papillous. Mich. A diminutive and unhandsome plant, from one to two inches high, with inconspicuous flowers in blackish capituli. On the gravelly shores of the Schuylkill, opposite to Lemon-hill, to be observed only at low ebb-tide. On the gravelly shores of the Delaware below high water mark, above Kensington, in com- pany with Isoetes lacustris, Hemianthus micranthemoides, Crypta minima, and Alisma subulata, abundant. Annual. July. 70. Lechea, Kalm. Gen. pi. 142. (Caryophillee.) Calix 3-leaved. Petals 3, linear. Styles 0, stigmata 3, plumose. Capsule 3-celled, 3- valved, with as many other interior valves. Seeds 1 in each cell. Nutt. 1. L. radical branches prostrated, villous; leaves major. lanceolate, mucronate, hairy ; panicles small, flow- ers clustered ; stem erect. Elliot. L. major, Mich. Willd. and Muhl. L. villosa, Elliot. Larger Lechea. About a foot or fifteen inches high. In Jersey, on the neglected borders of sandy cultivated fields, and by the sides of roads through sandy woods, abundant. Perennial. July, August. 2. L. smoothish, leaves linear-lanceolate acute (cili- minor. ated) ; panicle leafy ; branches long every where bearing flowers ; flowers shortly pedicellated; stem assurgent. Willd and Pursh. L. minor, Willd. Mich. Muhl. Pursh. Icon. Lam. illustr. t. 52, f. 1. Lesser Lechea. 76 TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. I know not whether this is the L. minor of Walter, which Mr. Elliot has made synonymous with the L. racemulosa, but on comparing my specimens with the Muhlenbergian Herba- rium in the Philosophical Society, I find that it is the real minor of Muhl. and Willd.; and consequently of Mich, and others, though not of Linnaeus.. It is very nearly allied to the L. racemulosa, good specimens of which are contained in that herbarium. The chief discrepancy is in the racemous- like inflorescence of the latter plant. The character mention- tioned in the books, as discriminative, viz.*the ciliated leaves, is fallacious, and ought to be left out of the specific descrip- tion, for the ciliation is nearly as remarkable without a lens, in the minor, as in the racemulosa. Another difference between these two plants is the greater length, and more unequivo- cally linear leaves in the racemulosa, than in the minor, as I am iinformed by Mr. Collins, he has frequently seen in the former, glowing in Virginia. The leaves, however, vary considerably, and the specimens of the racemulosa in the herbarium above mentioned, are in one or two instances, particularly in the young plant, oval-lanceolate, and in others, further advanced, very linear. I have never seen the racemulosa growing. L. minor (above) is found on dry sandy or gravelly places, in Jersey, and on this side of the river. Common. Perennial. Proserfinaca. Gen. pi. 134. (Hydrocharides.) Calix superior, 3-parted, persistent. Corolla 0. , Nut triquetrous, 3-celled. Nutt. paiustris. 1. P. « upper leaves linear-lanceolate, serrate ; low- er ones pinnatifid. Willd. In a swampy wood back of Laundreth's gardens. Also in a pool west of the south end of Woodbury, New Jersey. Abun- dant. Perennial. ? July. je:tinata. j3 leaves all pectinate. Mich. This is hardly more than a variety I think, for I have ob- served a very gradual approach from one to the other. I have not observed the difference in the form of the seed noticed by Mr. Elliot; and in ouf plant, I doubt if it ever occurs ; or if • it does, whether it be constant.—In a^pool near Woodbury, Jersey, and close to the spot just mentioned as the habitat of the preceding. Rare. Perennial-? August. [ 77 ] ADDENDA. (To be added to the genus No. 52. p. 57.) No. 4. Aira triflora, Elliot. panicle slender, erect; valves of the calix acute ; the upper spikes 3-flowered ; leaves short, flat. Elliot. Three-flowered Hair-grass. About fourteen inches high. Grows with Aira obtusata, but more rare. In Jersey. Perennial. April, May, Genus Poa, No. 54, page 58, the species No. 3. 5. 9. 12. 13. are to be referred to a section as follows : Brizoma. Spiculi erect, closely imbricated, flower glumes often angularly 3-nerved ; without a con- necting villus; valves short, ovate, obliquely pointed, (sometimes producing the appearance of marginal serratures j, inner valve small, seeds more or less spherical. Nutt. ERRATA. Page 40. In the two last lines of the observation to Crypsis Virginica, omit the words "probably introduced." Page 43. Marginal note to No. 6, for landestina read clandestina. Page 55. Add Muhl. to the specific description of No. 2. 8* TETRANDRIA. CEPHALANTHUS. DIPSACUS. GALIUM. SPERMACOCE. HOU6TONIA. MITCHELLA. LUDWIGIA. ISNARDIA. CORNUS. PLANTAGO. ANDREWSIA. OBOLARIA. AMMANIA. SYMPLOCARPUS. HAMAMELIS. ILEX. TILL^A. POTAMOGETON. CUSCUTA. [ 80 j CLASS IV. TETRANDRIA. ORDER I. MONOGYNIA. 72. CEPHALANTHUS, L. Gen. pi. 147. (Rubiacee.) Common calix 0; proper superior, small and angular, 4-cleft. Corolla tubular, slender, 4-cleft. Stamina included; stigma globose. Capsule mostly bipartite, (2 to 4,) v2-celled, 2-seeded; cells semi-bivalve ; exterior valve angular, indurated, interior flat and flexile. Seed solitary, sheathed at the apex with a suberose callus. Receptacle globose, hai- ry.—Nutt. occidentaiis. 1. Q. leaves opposite and ternate.—Willd. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 77- f. 4. American Button-wood. Globe-flowered Shrub. Pond Dogxoood. Nothing is more common in swamps, on the borders of ri- vers, creeks, and ponds, than this shrub. The shores of the Delaware and Schuylkill abound with it. About 5 feet is commonest height, though it not unfrequently attains a great- er stature. The inner bark is medicinal. July. 73. DIPSACUS, L. Gen. pi. 148. (Dipsacee.) Flowers collected into an ovate or roundish capitulum.—Common calix many-1 aved, fo- liaceous, (involucrum); proper superior, of 1 leaf. Corolla 4-lobed. Receptacle pa- leaceous, chaff rigid, mostly longer than the flowers. Pappus cup-shaped.—Nutt. TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 81 1. D. leaves connate sinuate, chaff upright. syivesuis. D. fullonum, &c. Lin. Icon. Jacq. fl. aust. 5. t. 403. Wild Teasel. About three or four feet high, having the appearance of a thistle. Near the entrancergate to Lemon-hill, (Pratt's) also on the Lancaster turnpike road. Not common, and most probably introduced from Europe. I have however, seen it in great abundance all along the road from Philadelphia to Yorktown, (Penn.) and oftentimes in situations where it ap- parently grew wild. Biennial. July. 74. GALIUM, Gen. pi. 162. (Rubiacee.) Calix 4-toothed. Corolla monopetalous, 4- cleft, flat. Seeds 2, nearly round. * Species with smooth fruit. 1. G. stem procumbent, scabrous ; leaves generally trifidum." by fours, oval, wedge-shaped at base; corolla mostly trifid.— Sp.pl. G. trifidum, L. Willd. and Walt. G. Clatoni, Mich. G. Aparine, Clayton ? Aparine floribus albis, &c. Gron. Virg. 18. Three-petaled Goose-grass, or Ladies' Bed-straw. A common species inhabiting moist places. Perennial ? Flowers white, very small. Blooms from early spring till midsummer. 2. G. stem diffuse, very much branched, prickly aspreiium, backwards; stem leaves in sixes, those of the Mich' branches in fours, lanceolate, acuminate, prickly on the margin and nerve ; flower-bearing branch- es divaricate many-flowered, with short pedicels. —-Mich, and Pursh. In wet meadows among bushes, in swamps, and on the borders of rivulets. Common. Perennial. July. 82 TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. einetorium. 3. G. stems diffuse smoothish ; stem leaves in sixes, those of the branches in fours,linear, somewhat acute, very finely prickled on the margin and nerve ; peduncles terminal long and generally 3- flowered.—Willd. and Pursh. Dyer's Goose-grass. Wild-madder. Flowers white. In wet hedges and the borders of shady damp woods, also common. Along the course of the Schuyl- kill, and near the Buck inn, on the Lancaster road, very abun- dant. Pursh says the North American Indians use this plant for dying their poreupine quills, their feathers and other or- naments, of a beautiful red colour, Perennial. July, August. ** Species with hirsute or rough fruit. Aparine. 4. G. stems weak, scabrous backward ; leaves about eight linear-lanceolate mucronate, hispid above, margin and carina prickly, flower branches the length of the leaves, about three-flowered, fruit hispid.—Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Fl. Dan. 495. Engl. bot. 816. Common Cleavers. Catch-weed. Goose-grass. Clea- ver's Goose-grass. Flowers white. . In natural hedges and among bushes every where very frequent. It attains the height of four or five feet, when supported by bushes. Annual. May. 5- G. stem erect, glabrous ; leaves by fours, ovate ; peduncles short, divaricate; flowers alternate '- fruit nodding.—Elliot. G. brachiatum, Muhl. G. boreale, Walt. Is it G. boreale of Persoon ? Cross-branched Goose-grass. Easily distinguished from any of the preceding species. Flowers purplish—rarely white. In woods, and other shady places not uncommon. Perennial. June to August. circaezans, Mich. TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 83 6. G- stems very much branched divaricate prickly micramhum, backwards; leaves short, lanceolate mucronate Pursb* smooth, margin and keel prickly, flower-branches divaricately ramifying ; pedicels about two-flow- ered, fruit hispid.—Pursh. A small and delicate species, bearing a multitude of very minute white flowers. In swampy meadows among high grass, particularly on the borders of rivulets and field-drains, frequent. Perennial. July. 7. G. stems roughish ; leaves in fours, oval, obtuse, puncticuio. without prickles, margin and nerves finely pubes- !*!.m' cent, marked with semi-transparent dots ; flowers purple ; fruit somewhat inclining to woolly. Mich. G. pilosum, Muhl. not of Persoon. G. punctatum, Pers. G. purpureum, Walt-, not of Pers. and Willd. G. cruciata, No. 313. Clayton ? Hairy Goose-grass. This species is recognised without difficulty by its purple flowers and its pubescence. In dry woods and copices, com- mon. Perennial. July. 8. G. stems procumbent, smoothish ; leaves in sixes, pennsyi* smooth and semi-membranaceous, mucronate,ca- margin scarcely ciliated ; fruit small, hispid. G. triflorum, Mich. A very common species. Flowers white. Along the edges of woods and thickets. Perennial. July. 75. SPERMACOCE. L- Gen.pl. 155. (Rubiacee.) Calix 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-formed, 4- cleft. Seeds 2, each 2-toothed. 1. S. stem diffuse terete hirsute ; leaves linear-Ian- Diodin*. ceolate smoothish, margin and keel serrulate-scab- TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. rous, stipules very long bristled ; flowers axillary sessile solitary alternate ; seeds hirsute.—Midl- and Pursh. Icon.Smith's and Abbott's Insects of Georg. t. 38. A very ordinary looking plant, growing every where abun- dantly in Maryland and Virginia, in arid wastes, and sandy roads, but extremely rare in this neighbourhood, and quite lo- cal. I have never found it near the city, except on the barren sandy grounds a sh6rt distance from the Woodlands, near the Darby-road. Even there it grows sparingly. Flowers small, white, with a rosaceous tinge. Annual. August and later. 76. HOUSTONIA. L- Gen. pi. 161. (Rubiacee.) Calix 4-toothed. Corolla 1 petalled, funnel- form, 4-cleft. Capsule 2-celled; many seed- ed. 1. H. stem erect slender dichotomous ; radical leaves spathulate, those of the stem ob-lanceolate, oppo- site, peduncles one-flowered, long.—Willd. and Putsh Icon. Bot. Mag. 370. Pluk. aim. t. 97. f. 9. Sky-Blue Houstonia. Bluetts. Innocence. This beautiful little species, is one of our earliest blooming spring flowers, and is universally known. It is extremely com- mon by road sides, and in grassy fields and meadows ; fre- quently being in such profusion as to cover rods of ground. Pursh describes a blue and a white variety. The former only grows in this neighbourhood- Not so common in Jersey, as on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware. Perennial. From early Spring till Autumn. 77. MITCHELLA. L. Gen. pi. 174. (Rubiacee.) Flowers by pairs upon the same germ, supe- rior.—Calix 4< toothed. Corolla funnel-form, tube cylindric; limb 4 parted, spreading TETRANDRIA, MONOG^IA. S5 villous on the inner side. Stamina 4, scarcely exserted. Stigma 4-cleft. Berry, by the union of the 2 germs, didymous, 4-seeded. —Nutt. 1. ]M. repens. Creeping Mitchella. Partridge-berry. Chequer- berry. A creeping, procumbent evergreen plant, much admired for its beautiful foliage, its fragrant white flowers and its scarlet berries. It is the only species of its genus known. Very com- mon on the rocky banks of the Wissahickon, and in profusion on the high rocks bordering the Schuylkill, growing among ferns. It delights in shades, and is often found in the umbra- geous woods of Jersey, covering spots of ground of several feet in extent. It is slightly diuretic, and is used in Jersey, in cal- culous affections. It is, however, medically worthless. Peren- nial. May, June. 78. LUDWIGIA. L. Gen. pi. 204. (Onagre.) Calix 4-parted, persistent, superior. Corolla 4- petalled, or 0. Capsule 4 sided, 4-celled, in- ferior, many-seeded.—Nutt. 1. L. erect, branched, smoothish; leaves alternate macrocarpaj lanceolate white beneath ; peduncles one-flowered Mich' axillary; capsules globose-four-sided: segments of the calix large, coloured, crowned.—Mich. L. alternifolia, Willd. Icon. Lam. Encycl. 3. p. 77. About two and a half feet high. Flowers straw-yellow, and extremely caducous. In bushy swamps, Jersey, common. More rare this side of the river. Perennial. July. 79. ISNARDIA. L. (Salicarie.) Calix campanulate, 4-cleft. Petals 0, or mi- 9 86 TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. nute. Capsule surrounded by the base of the calix, 4-sided, 4-celled, many-seeded. —Nutt. paiustris. 1. I. Isnardia paiustris, Willd. Ludwigia nitida, Mich and Pursh. L. apetala, Walt. fl. Car. 89. L. repens, Swartz. fl. ind. occid. 1 p. 273. (Pursh.) Icon. Lam. Encycl. 3. t. 77. * A common looking plant, floating in ditches occasionally, but most commonly found in half exhausted pools and trenches, and rarely creeping on wet ground. In such places in Jersey extremely common and abundant. More rare this side of the river. On the commons in muddy puddles near brick-kiln ponds Flowers very small. Perennial. May to September. 80. CORNUS. L. Gen pi. 194. (Caprifolia.) Flowers sometimes aggregated in a 4-leaved involucrum.—Calix 4-toothed. Petals 4, small, broader at the base. Drupe inferior, not crowned by the calix ; nut 2-celled, 2- seeded.—Nutt. flortda. 1. C. a small tree ; leaves ovate acuminate; involu- cres large, somewhat ob-cordate ; berries ovate. Willd. Icon. Catesb. Car. t. 27- Bot Mag. 526. Bar- ton's Vegetable Materia Medicaot the United States, Vol. 1.1. 3. Mich. f. N. Am. Sylv. t. 48- Dogwood. Large flowered Cornel. Every one knows the Dogwood, so very common in all our woods, and of which it is one of the greatest ornaments. Very valuable for its medical virtues, which are tonic and an- tiseptic. See Barton's Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.—May. TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 87 2. C. branches spreading ; the smaller branches sericea. woolly; leaves ovate acuminate with a reddish pubescence underneath ; cymes depressed woolly. —Willd and Pursh. C. lanuginosa, Mich. C. alba, Walt. C. ccerulea, Lam. Encycl. C. amomum, Du Roi harbk. 1. p. 165. C. rubiginosa, Ehrh. beitr. 4. p. 15- C. ferruginea. Hort. par. Icon. L' Herit. Corn. t. 3. Barton's Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. Vol. 1. t. 9. Silky-leaved Dogwood. Blue-berried Cornel. Red- willow. Rose-willow. Swamp-Dogwood. This beautiful species grows on the borders of creeks and rivers, and in swamps. Tolerably frequent. It is possessed of medical virtues, similar to the preceding species. (See Bar- ton's Veg. Mat. Med. U- S.) \ seldom more than eight feet high. Berries sky-blue. June, July. 3. C. branches upright fastigiate, leaves ovate acu- stricta. minate, smooth somewhat coloured, cymes con- vex sub-paniculate.—V Herit. C. fastigiata, Mich. C. sanguinea, Walt. C. Canadensis, Host. par. (Pursh) Icon. L'Herit. corn. t. 4. From 5 to 10 feet high. Resembles the preceding very much. Berries and anthers blue. In similar places with No. 2. Very common. \ ■ June. 4. C. branches recurved, small branches smooth jaiba. leaves ovate acute pubescent, hoary underneath, cymes naked, depressed. VHerit. Willd. C. stolonifera, Mich. C. tartarica, Mill. diet. N. 7. Icon. Schmidt arb- 2. t. 65. About the same height as No. 3. In the deep swampy thickets near Woodbury, Jersey. Very rare. b_. June. ± 88 TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 80. PLANTAGO. Gen. pi. 186. (Plantagines.) Calix 4 cleft. Corolla 4-cleft; border reflected. Stamina mostly exserted, very long. Capsule 2-celled, opening transversely. «wjor. 1. P. leaves ovate, somewhat smooth, and sub- dentate, with long petioles ; scape round ; flowers imbricated ; seeds numerous. Lam. Encycl. Willd. Smith. Icon. Engl. Bot. 1558. Fl. Dan. 461- Wood- ville's Med. Bot. 1.14. Common great-Plantane, or Way bread. Every person knows this very common weed, which abounds in pastures, fields, grass-plots, and grassy-road sides, resisting injuries, and blooming while subject to daily pressure from the footsteps of passengers. It was formerly highly esteemed as a medicine, and has a place in Woodville's Medical Botany, as a refrigerant and vulnerary. In this country it is still used as an external application, among the vu!gar. The seeds, when ripe, are given to Canary birds, which are extremely fond of it. During their moulting, it is serviceable to them Introduced from Europe, but now perfectly naturalized, being found every where in the settled parts of our country, among grass. Per- ennial. From May till Autumn. lanceoiata. 2. P. leaves lanceolate, villous, spike short cylindric, bracteas ovate, acuminate ; scape angular with adpressed hairs.—Pursh. P. lanceoiata, Willd. Ribwort. As common as No. 1. in similar places, and very easily known by its long ribbed narrow leaves. Pursh hints that our plant is specifically distinct from the European. P. lanceoiata ; and gives as a reason, that the specimens of these which he examined in the Herbarium of Mr. Lambert, of London, had the bracteas oblong and acute. This difference is scarcely suffi- cient to justify the separation of the American from the Eu- ropean plant. Perennial. June to August. Since writing the above, I have received a specimen of P. lanceoiata, from the Herbarium of Dr. Edward Barton, col- lected in Scotland. It is the very same as the American plant. TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 89 J. P. entirely covered with a whitish pubescence ; virginica. leaves lanceolate-oval, subdenticulate, flowers re- mote, scape angular.—Willd. Icon. Morris. Hist. 3. s. 8. t. 15. f. 8. Virginian Plantane. Easily recognised by its white pubescence. In barren fields of dry soil; particularly in Jersey, common. It varies much in size, frequently flowering, in the sandy grass-roads of Jer- sey, when only an inch and a half high ; and not seldom at- taining the height of twelve inches. Biennial. From May till autumn. 82. ANDREWSIA. Sprengel. [Anleitung zur Kenntniss der Gewachse. p. 474.] (Gentiane ) Calix 4-parted, appressed. Corolla subcam- panulate, 4-parted ; segments somewhat erect. Stigma thick, glandulous, and part- ly bifid. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, many- seeded, surrounded by the persistent calix and corolla.—Nutt. 1. A. stem somewhat branched, peduncles opposite, paniculata. the lower ones branched ; segments of the corolla oval-acute, scarcely longer than the calix; style very short.—Pursh. Centaurella paniculata, Mich. C. autumnalis, Pursh. Centaurium autumnale, Pers. vol. 1. p. 137. Sagina Virginica, Willd. torn. 1. p. 719. Bartonia tenella, Muhl. and Willd. in act. soc. natur, cur. Berol. .4. v. 3. Bartonia tenella, Pers. vol. 1. p. 141. Bartonia paniculata, Muhl. Cat. p. 15. Icon. Mich. Fl. Bor. Am. t. 12. f. 1. Panicle-flowered Andrewsia. This little plant has produced no little confusion among botanists, in their various descriptions of it, and the different names given to it, as enumerated above. Professor Sprengel, 9* TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. in his late work (1817), Anleitung zur Kenntniss der Gewtiehie, of which I have been favoured with two volumes from the author, has boldly imposed the name Andrewsia, after Mr. Andrews, the well-known author of a beautiful work on the Roses ; and I have, without hesitation, followed him, for this reason, among others, which doubtless actuated Sprengel in giving the new name, that Centaurella, as the diminutive termination of Cen- taurium, a genus already established, is in direct violation of the commonly received rules for botanical nomenclature : but a more cogent motive is, that the name Bartonia, formerly given by Dr. Muhlenburg, may be entirely disused, as applied to this plant. A splendid genus, first discovered by Mr. Nuttall on the borders of the Missouri, he has, with a very honourable sense of the genius, learning, and botanical attain- ments of the late Professor Barton, dedicated to him ; in which name Mr. Pursh acquiesced, and published in his Flora. Andrewsia paniculata is easily recognized by its nearly sim- pie, upright, rigid yellowish stem, and inconspicuous whitish flowers. It grows among mosses, and particularly among sphagnum, in the cranberry swamps of Jersey. It is not very frequent 5 and on the Pennsylvania side is more rare. It de- lights in shade, moisture, and retirement. Annual. September. 83. OBOLARIA. Gen. pi. 1044. (Gentianx.) Calix 0, or in the form of 2 bractes. Corolla campanulate, 4-cleft, segments entire, (the margin sometimes crenately torn.) Stami- na equal, proceeding from the clefts of the corolla. Stigma emarginate. Capsule ovate, 1-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded; seeds mi- nute.—Nutt. 1. O. stem simple ; leaves oblong truncate, fleshy, purple underneath ; flowers axillary solitary, ses- sile.—Widd. and Pursh. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 209. f. 6. A very beautiful and interesting little plant, seldom attaining a greater height than three inches. Root branching. Leaves opposite, apple green above, pale purple underneath, some- what fleshy. Flowers collected by pairs or threes towards the top of the stem ; they are of a skimmed milk-white colour, and form, with the numerous conspicuous, purplish bracteas, a delicate and pleasing contrast. The whole plant has the appearance of an artificial wax flower. Very rare. On the high banks of the Wissahickon, about three quarters of a mile TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. from the ridge-road, under the shade of Abies Canadensis and Juniperus communis, peeping above the fallen and dead leaves of those trees On the hilly shaded banks on the east side of the Schuylkill, a short distance south of the falls. On the very high banks of the same river, wcot aide, near some exposed rocks, above the falls a half quarter of a mile. Elsewhere I have never seen it. Like the rest of the Gentians, it is very bitter. Perennial ? April and beginning of May, in common seasons. 84 AMMANIA. Gen. pi. 206. (Salicarie.) Calix 1-leaved, striate, 8-toothed, inferior. Corolla of 4 petals, or none, inserted upon the calix. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. Nutt. 1. A. stem procumbent; leaves lanceolate, narrow- humin*. ed at the base into petioles ; flowers solitary, op- posite, sessile.—Mich. A. ramosior, Walt, not of Willd. A half-trailing subaquatic plant, with very small red flow- ers—stem reddish. Near a pool, about a mile over Cooper's creek, after passing the bridge. Rare. Annual. August, September. 85. SYMPLOCARPUS. Salisbury. (Aroidee.) Spatha ventricose-ovate, acuminate. Spadix roundish, covered with hermaphrodite flow- ers. Calix deeply 4-parted, persistent, seg- ments cucullate, truncate, becoming thick and spongy. Petals 0. Style pyramidal, 4-sided ; stigma simple, minute. Seeds so- litary, immersed in the spongy receptacle.— Nutt. 1. S. leaves ovate-cordate, acuminate, veined, en-foeti*. tire ; scape radical; spathe ovoid, cucullate, acu- minate, depressed at the apex; bracteas spathu- late, without veins, glaucous ; spadix peduncu- late, oblong-oval, truncate at the base. B. TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Pothos fcetida, Mich. Dracontium foetidum, L. Icon. Barton's Veg. Mat. Med. U.S. vol. 1.1.10. Skunk-cabbage. Polecat-weed. Skunk weed. Subaquatic. It flowers before the leaves appear, or at least when these are very young and convoluted. The spathe is beautifully speckled with red, purple, blue, green, and yellow. The whole plant smells strongly, like assafoetida or garlic, and is greatly esteemed for its antispasmodic virtues. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U States.) In swamps, low meadow grounds, and on the borders of rivulets, delighting greatly in shade and moisture. Fluent Perennial. April, May. 2. |3 S. spathe lanceolate, narrowly attenuated to- wards the apex, terminating at the base in a long peduncle ; spadix globose. B. Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U.S. vol. 1.1.11. Narrow-spathed Skunk-cabbage. The whole plant is more slender than the preceding, and the root smaller The spathe is long, narrow, (from a half inch to an inch and a quarter wide) purple, entirely without specks or spots, and of a beautiful shining dark purple colour. The young convoluted leaves and stipules are deeply tinged with purple, and somewhat striped with the same colour. The spadix is half the size of that in No. 1, and of a light umber colour, and is supported by a very long peduncle, which is at the same time the peduncle of the spathe. The flowers are smaller than in No. 1. This plant possesses the same medi- cinal virtues as the preceding. In the meadows a quarter or half a mile east of the botanic garden ground of the University of Pennsylvania. Rare. Pe- rennial. April. ORDER II DIGYNIA. 86. HAMAMELIS. Gen. pi. 226 (Berberidet.) Calix 4-cl:ft, persistent, with 3 bractes. Pe- tals 4, long and linear, with a short dilated TETRANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 93 filament at the base of each. Filaments and anthers united; anthers 2-celled, each cell having a vertical valve. Capsule coriaceous, (nut) 2-celled, 2-lobed, 2-^wned, apex 2- valved, valves cleft. Seeds 2, arillate.— Nutt. 1. H. leaves ovate, acutely dentated, cordate, with virginica. the sinus small__Pursh. Icon. Catesby, car. 3. t. 2. Witch-Hazle. A small tree, from ten to fifteen feet high, characterised by the anomalous circumstance of flowering in the first winter month, and sometimes in October, while its leaves are yellow and falling. Flowers yellow. The divining rods formerly used by impostors, who pretended to find precious ores, were made of the twigs of this tree ; and, in Virginia, I have been inform- ed, the credulous vulgar are still imposed on by persons who pretend to find water by the indication of rods of this tree. Hence the name Witch-Hazel. 87. CUSCUTA, Gen.pl. 227- (ConvohuU.) Calix 4-cleft. Corolla 1-petalled. Capsule 2-celled, circumcised. 1. C. flowers peduncled, umbelled, 5-cleft.—Willd. Americana. Icon. Sloan. Hist. 1.1. 128. f. 4. Dodder. Love- Vine. A twining, leafless parasitic plant, of a reddish-yellow co- lour, supporting itself by lateral roots on other plants. Flow- ers white, in dense clusters, and, closely examined, not desti- tute of beauty. In moist places, and along meadow runs and rivulets, common, Annual. July. 94 TETRANDRIA, TETRAGYNIA, ORDER IV. TETRAGYNIA. 88. ILEX, Gen. pi. 232. (Rhamni.) Calix minute, 4, 5-toothed. Corolla rotate, 4 parted. Style 0. Stigmata 4. Berry 4-seeded. opaca. 1. I. leaves oval, with rigid, spreading, spinous teeth ; fascicles of flowers lax, on compound pe- duncles ; calices somewhat acute, smooth; fruit ovate.—Mich. Icon. Mich. f. Arbres forest, t. 11. A beautiful evergreen tree, bearing scarlet berries- In Jersey, near Haddonfield, rare- June. 89. TILL.EA, L. (Sempervive.) Calix 3 or 4-parted. Petals 3 or 4, equal. Capsules 3 or 4, two or many-seeded. Sta- mina sometimes 8, 4 sterile.—Nutt. simplex, i# T. stem erect, simple; leaves connate, oblong- linear, somewhat acute ; flowers alternate, sessile; petals erect, twice the length of the calix.—Nutt. Stem generally simple, erect and terete, (two or three inches high^l sometimes decumbent near the base, and sending out whitish radical fibres, tinged with red, similar to the proper root. Leaves connate, succulent, convex on the under side, fragile, very entire, and without visible nerves or veins (three or four lines long, and about a line wide) Flowers sessile, axillary, solitary, and alternate. Calix four-toothed, segments alternating with the petals, two of the exterior dentures some- what larger and obtuse. Petals four, ovate, erect, and persist- ent, never apparently expanding, whitish and membranaceous, embracing the capsules with which they are almost exactly equal in length. Stamina four, fertile, alternating with the petals, a little shorter than the germs; anthers very small, TETRANDRIA, TETRAGYNIA. 9 roundish ; four minute infertile filaments opposite the petals Styles none. Stigmata four, like so many minute points- Cap- sules four, oblong, compressed, somewhat divergent at the points, six to eight seeded, opening internally and longitudi- nally, remaining connected at the base, so as to resemble a single capsule of four valves. Seeds oblong-cylindric, brown- ish, attached in two rows to the margins of each capsule.— Nutt. Journal Acad- Nat. Sc. Phil. vol. 1. p. 114. This minute subaquatic plant was first discovered, as an in- habitant ',{ this country, by Mr. Nuttall, from whose accurate description I have copied the above account. In company with that gentleman, I subsequently found it, where he had detected it. It appears that it has more recently been found by Dr. Ives near Newhaven, who has erroneously referred it to the T. connata of South America, for it does not agree with the figure of that plant in the Flora Peruviana.—On the miry and gravelly shores of the Delaware, subject to the overflowing of the tide, just above Kensington, abundant. Annual. July to September. 90. POTAMOGETON, L- Gen. pi. 234. (Najades.) Calix 4-leaved. Corolla 0. Style 0. Seeds 4. Leaves sheathing $ those of the stem often attenuated, floral leaves mostly opposite ; flowers spiked, terminal, or axillary; ramuli and spikes, having frequently 2 sheaths at the base. Nutl-seeded, cochleale; embryon erect, cxalbuminous, curv- ed, involute.—Nutt. 1. P. leaves swimming by long petioles, sublanceo- natam fe late-oval, the first ones sometimes subcordate.— mx. Mich. In ponds, ditches, and slow-flowing waters. Flowers in terminal and rarely axillary spikes—small and green. Very abundant on the road to Gloucester Point. Perennial. June, July- 2. P. lower leaves verv long, linear ; upper ones Ian- auitans. ceolate, nerved coriaceous, all-petiolated.—Willd. In similar places, but less common. Also on the road to Gloucester Point. Perennial. July. 96 TETRANDRIA, TETRAGYNIA. hybridum /a 3. P. upper leaves petiolated, elliptical, attenuated Gmei. & mx. at both ends ; lower ones crowded, sessile, linear. —Willd. P. heterophyllum, Willd. and Pursh. P. porcatum, Muhl. Furrow-leaved Pond-weed. Upper leaves an inch and a half long, lower ones linear. In dirty ditches, plashes, and pools. Very rare. I have only found it near Lemon-Hill, at low tide, on the Schuylkill. Perennial. June to August dive«ifoii- 4# p piant small, delicate : stem filiform, emersed j um, Barton. leaveg floating? eMptic^ petiolated, half an inch long, six-nerved ; submersed leaves, sessile, fili- form, long ; spikes numerous, small, depressed, in the axils of the leaves.—Barton, Prod. Fl. Ph. Probably P. setaceum of Pursh. Different-leaved Pond-weed. This singular little species I first discovered in Jersey, near Woodbury, where it is abundant, in a pool. I subsequently detected it in a pond, where Nuphar minima grows, on the borders of the Schuylkill, a mile or two this side of the Falls. Hitherto these are the only places where I have seen it, and, as I have carefully searched almost every pond near Philadel- phia for it, conclude it is rare. Perennial. July- perfoiiatum. 6. P. leaves cordate-ovate amplexicaule, all sub- merged, spike terminal; flowers alternate.—Mich. and Willd. Icon. fl. Dan. 196. Eng. Bot. 168. Leaves transparent; the whole plant submerged, the spike of flowers only floating —In ponds, rivulets, and rivers, fre- quent. At low tide, found abundantly on the muddy and gra- velly banks of the Delaware and Schuylkill, on either side. Perennial. TETRANDRIA, TETRAGYNIA. 97 7. P. leafy ; leaves sessile, narrow-linear, flat; spikes pauciflorum. capitated, about 4-flowered.—Pursh. P. gramineum, Mich. fl. Am. 1. p. 102. Easily distinguished from the other species by its grass-like leaves. Looks like thick tufts of submersed grass. In a ditch on the Jersey side of the Delaware, near the river, and about opposite to Pine-street. Rare. I have found it no where else, TRIANDRIA. To genus No. 26, p. 25, add the following species. No. 2. Xyris brevifoiia; leaves ensiform, short; calix shorter than the bracteas, slightly notched. Grows in similar places with No. 1. In Jersey, in the bog containing Eriophorum angustifolium. Perennial. August. N. B Panicum pauciflorum, of Elliott, has been twice in« serted, by mistake, viz. p. 49, No. 8, and p. 50, No. 12. 10 \ PENTANDRIA. MYOSOTIS. L1THOSPERMUM. CYNOGLOSSUM. PURSHIA. HYDROPHYLLUM. MENYANTHES. LISIMACHIA. ANAGALLIS. CONVOLVULUS. PHLOX. POLEMONIUM. SOLANUM. PHYSALIS. NICANDRA. DATURA. VERBASCUM. SABBATIA. AZALEA. CAMPANULA. TRIOSTEUM. DROSERA. VITIS. CISSUS. 1TEA. 1MPATIENS. VIOLA. CLAYTONIA. CEANOTHUS. EUONYMUS. CELASTRUS. COMANDRA. APOCYNUM. GONOLOBUS. ASCLEPIAS. GENTIANA. HEUCHERA. ERYNGIUM. PANAX. HYDROCOTYLE. SANICULA. DAUCUS. AMMI. CONIUM. HERACLEUM. PASTINACA. ANGELICA. SIUM. SISON. OENANTHE. CICUTA. URASPERMUM. CHiEROPHYLLUM. SMYRNIUM. TIIASPIUM. ATRI'PLEX. CHENOPODIUM. SALSOLA. ULMUS. CELTIS. VIBURNUM, SAMBUCUS. RHUS. STAPHYLEA. SAROTHRA. ARALIA. LINUM. I '00 3 CLASS V. PENTANDRIA. ORDER I. MONOGYNIA. 91. MYOSOTIS. L. Gen. pi. 240. (Borraginee.) Calix 5-cleft. Corolla salver-formed, tube short, border flat, 5-lobed, lobes subemargi- nate; orifice closed with five convex, con- nivent, squamulae (or small scales). Stigma 1. Seed smooth or scabrous.—Nutt. •tovpioHei. 1. M. seeds smooth, leaves elliptic-lanceolate; ra- cemes without bracteas, many-flowered.—Smith. M. paiustris, Pursh. Icon. Fl. Dan. 583. Mouse-ear Scorpion-grass. A beautiful little plant, with small sky-blue flowers. The buds, just before opening, are of a pink hue, which, immedi- ately after the flowers are opened, changes to blue. In all cold rivulets and field drains, common ; sometimes in ditches. Perennial. May to September. arvenjis. 2. M. seeds smooth; calices oval-acuminate, very hairy, longer than the tube of the corolla ; stem very much branched ; racemes in pairs ; leaves ovate-lanceolate.-r-WiV/d'. Field Scorpion-grass. Rarely exceeding ten inches in height, and all over very hairy. Flowers, small, white ; I have never seen them blue, as Pursh describes them. In shady woods near Camden, Jersey ; in the fields below the navy yard, not far from the Delaware ; and in fields of the Neck, frequent. On the high rocks a mile or two south of the Falls of Schuylkill, east side of the river, occasionally met with. Annual. May. PENTANDRIA, MONOGYXIA. 101 3. M. hairy; seeds retrorsely aculeate ; leaves ovate- Virginian,.' lanceolate, acuminate; racemes divaricate.__Willd and Pursh. Virginian Scorpion-grass. Fl£!°,Ut tW° fcet high. Leaves large, oval, and scabrous. Flowers very small, white. Fruit covered with prickles. Above the Falls of Schuylkill, west side, in the woods very rare. Annual ? July. ' *' 92. LITHOSPERMUM. Gen. pi. 244. (Borraginee.) Calix 5-parted. Corolla funnel-form, 5-lobed, orifice open, naked. Stigma bifid. Seed indurated, shining. (Stamina and style in- cluded within the corolla.)—Nutt. 1. L seed rough; corolla scarcely longer than the arvcn«. cahx ; leaves obtuse, without veins.—Smith. Icon. Eng. Bot. 1.123. Fi. Dan. 456. Field Gromwell. A rough or hispid plant, with white flowers. Found incul- tivated and negleeted fields, but most abundant in the former It injures the scythes and sickles of the reapers, by its siliceous cuticle. Introduced among grass seeds from Europe, but now naturalized. Annual. May till July. 2. I,, seeds protuberantly ovate, shining, every tatifoiiuia. wiiere deeply-pitted ; leaves ovate-oblong, nerved. —Mich. L. officinale, Muhl. About two feet high. Very rare in this neighbourhood ; I have only found it in shady woods several miles above the Falls of SclmylkiU, and there sparingly. Flowers ochroleucous. Perennial. June. 93. CYN0GL0SSUM. Gen. pi. 243. (Borraginee.) Calix 5-parted. Corolla funnel-formed, 5- lobed, orifice closed by 5 connivent convex; 10* 102 PENTANDRIA, MONOGVNIA. processes. Stigma emarginate. Seed de- pressed, affixed to the style on the inner side. —Nutt. officinale. i. C. covered with a very soft pubescence; leaves broad-lanceolate, sessile ; racemes paniculated.— Willd. Icon. Curt. Lond. 4. t. 16. Officinal Houndstongue. Two feet high. Flowers brownish-red. This plant is very rare in this neighbourhood, and seldom flowers where I have seen it. In Powelton woods, scarce. In the dry woods three miles above the Falls of Schuylkill, west side of the river, also scarce. The plant is said to destroy rats. Biennial. June, July. 2. C. very hirsute; leaves oval oblong, the upper ones amplexicaule, with a terminal, leafless, long, pedunculated corymb.—Mich. C. foliis amplexicaulibus, Gron. Virg. C. Virginicum, L. Common Houndstongue. From eighteen inches to two feet high, with a hispid stem and hairy rough leaves. Flowers blue and white. In the shady moist woods in the neighbourhood of Manlua ; and near the Falls of Schuylkill, west side of the river, frequent. Dries brown, when prepared for the herbarium, unless much care is taken. Perennial. May, June. 94. PURSHIA, Sprengel, [Anleitung zur Kenntniss der Ge- wachse, p. 450.] (Borraginee.) Calix deeply 5-parted. Corolla somewhat tu- bular- campanulate ; orifice naked ; border ventricose, half 5-cleft, segments connivent, acute. Anthers sessile, included. Style much exserted, entire, acute.—Nutt. amplexi- caule. PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA; 103 1. P. hispid ; leaves oboval-Urnceolate, acute, withhispM». papillaceous dots ; segments of the corolla subu- late.—Mich. Onosmodium hispidum, Mich. Lithospermum Virginianum, Willd. Hispid Purshia. A rough, ugly, repulsive looking plant, covered with hairs and papillae. In Jersey, opposite to South wark, and not far from the Delaware, along the natural hedges bordering sandy fields. Named in honour of Mr. Frederick Pursh. Not very com- mon. Perennial. July, August. 95. HYDROPHYLLUM, Gen. pi. 267. (Borraginee.) Calix 5-parted. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft, with 5 longitudinal margined melliferous grooves on the inside. Stamina exserted, filaments bearded in the middle. Stigma bifid. Capsule globose, 1-celled, 2-valved, 1-seeded, 3 other seeds mostly abortive.— Nutt. 1. H. glabrous ; leaves pinnatifid and pinnate ; seg-virginicum. meuts oval lanceolate, with deep serratures ; clus- ters of. flowers crowded.— Pursh. Icon. Lamarck, illustr. t. 97. f. 1. Virginian Water-leaf. About one foot or eight inches high. Flowers ochroleu- cous, or white ; I have never seen them blue, as Pursh savs they are. On the east side of the Schuylkill, a mile south of the Falls, on the declivity of a woody hill, abundant. Peren- nial. June. 96. MENYANTHES, Gen. pi. 299. (LUimachie.) Calix 5-parted. Corolla funnel-formed; bor- der spreading, 5-lobed, equal, densely vil- lous on the upper side. Stigma bifid. Capsule 1-celled, 2 valved; a seminal re- ceptacle attached to each valve.—Nutt. 104 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. trifoiiata, j. ]yr# leaves ternate, alternate, with sheathing pe- tioles. Icon. Eng. Bot. 495. Fl. Dan. 541. Lamarck illustr. t. 100. f. 1. Woodville's Med. Bot. vol. l.t.2. Three-leaved Buck or Bog-bean. Marsh-trefoil. The only species of its genus, and a very elegant plant. It is not very common in any part of the United Slates. The leaves are of an apple-green, and the flowers rose red. It is possessed of strong medicinal virtues, being bitter and su- dorific, and was formerly much esteemed. Woodville. 97. LISIMACHIA, Gen. pi. 269. (Lisimachie.) Calix 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft. Stigma 1. Capsule 1-celled, globular, mucronate, .5 or 10-valved, few or many-seeded.—Nutt. racemosa. j_ L very smooth ; leaves oval-lanceolate, opposite, dotted, raceme terminal, long, loose ; segments ol the corolla oblong-oval.—Mich, and Pursh. L. racemosa, Lamarck. L. vulgaris, Walt. L. stricta, Hon. Kew. L. bulbifera, Curt. Bot. Mag. Icon. Bot. Mag. 104. Pluk. aim. t. 428. f. 4. Cluster-flowered Loosestrife. Bulb-bearing Loose- strife. A beautiful plant, from one to two feet high, bearing a pro- fusioo of fine yellow flowers, in a lax terminal raceme. It occasionally bears red ovate bulbs in the axils of the leaves and small branches. In boggy and low meadow grounds, and on the margins of streams of water, common. I have every year, for four successive years, found bulb bearing specimens in the boggy grounds of the Woodlands. Mr. Collins informs me he has seen the bulbs of specimens from Jersey, near an inch long. Perennial. July. r.uadrifoiia. 2. L. leaves subsessile, in fours and fives, acumi- nate, dotted ; peduncles in fours, one-flowered ; divisions of the corolla oval, entire.—Willd. and Pursh. PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 105 L. hirsuta, Mich. L. punctata, Walt. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 428. f. 4. Lam. illustr. t. 101. f. 2. From one to two feet high; stem very erect and simple, with whorls of leaves, each whorl generally consisting of four leaves, but often five, and rarely six. In dry woods, every where common. Perennial- June. 3. L. leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, narrowed anEustifo,ia- at each end, ciliated at the base ; peduncles one- flowered, axillary ; petals crenulate.—Willd. in Nov. A. cf Soc. Nat. Scrut. 3. p. 417?t L. heterophyiia, Mich. ? Under twelve inches high j stem simple and erect Gene- rally immersed one third of its height in mud. Resembles L. heterophyllum very much. On the muddy margins of the Delaware, Jersey side, a mile or two below the city, very rare- Perennial. July, August. 4. L. subpubescent; leaves opposite, on long peti- euiau. oles, subcordate-oval; margin pubescent, petioles ciliated, pedicels in pairs, flowers nodding, divi- sions of the corolla roundish, acuminate, crenate. —Mieh. and Pursh. L. cordata, Muhl. Icon. Walth. hort. t. 12. (Pursh.) Heart-leaved Loosestrife. A very elegant species, from eighteen inches to three feet tall. Stem erect, branched, branches opposite. Flowers on long peduncles, drooping. Found in shady damp places ; often in moist woods, but most frequently near creeks and rivers. In the umbrageous woods of rich soil in a right line from Man- tua to the Schuylkill, very abundant. Along the whole course of the Schuylkill, Delaware, and rivulets emptying into them, frequent. This species thrives in our gardens, and bears transplantation exceedingly well. Perennial. July. 106 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 9a \NAGALLIS, Gen. j I 2*0. (Lisimachie.) Calix 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed. Sta- mina, filaments hirsuce. Capsule globular, opening hemispherically, many-seeded.— Nutt. arvensis. j a. leaves undivided ; stem procumbent.—*^, pi. Icon. Engl. Bot. 529. Fl. dan. 88. Scarlet Pimpernel. Red Chickweed. This little plant has obtained much notoriety among the vulgar, on account of the powers which have been pre- posterously ascribed to it, by some empirics, of curing hy- drophobia. A*s a medicine it is worthless. Introduced ori- ginally from Europe, but now naturalized every where in the United States. In cultivated fields, particularly in all those in a right line from Southwark shot-tower to the Schuylkill, fre- quent. Annual. June. 99. CONVOLVULUS, Gen. pi. 287. (Convolvuli.) Calix 5-parted. Corolla campanulate, plaited. Stigmas 2. Capsule 2 or 3-celled, cells 2-seeded. sepium. i. C. twining; leaves sagittate, very acute, obtuse or truncate behind, entire ; bractes acute, longer than the calix; peduncle angled, much longer than the petiole.—Brown. Calystegia Sepium, R. Brown. Convolvulus repens, L. according to R. Brown. C. repens, Mich. ? Icon. Eng. bot. 313. Fl. dan. Large-flowered Bind-weed. Flowers large, pale pink. In damp places, not unfrequent. On the bank walk of the Delaware, to Gloucester Point; also on the bank walk of the Schuylkill between Gray's ferry and Kingsess gardens; and elsewhere. Perennial. All summer. PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 10? 2. C. leaves cordate, entire or lobed, and panduri- panduratus. form ; calix smooth.—Sp. PL Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol 1.1. 23. Fiddle-leaved Bindweed. Mechoacana. Mecha- meck. Hog-potatoe. Wildpotatoe-vine. Trailing on the ground, or climbing fence posts and bushes. Flowers large, white, with red bottoms and red internally near the tube of the corolla. The root, which is very large, and two or three feet long, is possessed of cathartic proper- ties. A decoction of it has also been used, with reputed good effect, in gravel. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) The leaves on the extremities of the stems are very small. In the sandy fields of Jersey, near the Delaware, and in the fields of stony and loose soil on the west side of the Schuylkill, a mile above the Falls, frequent. Perennial. August. 100. PHLOX. Gen. pi. 284. (Polemonia.) Calix deeply 5-cleft, prismatic. Corolla sal- verform, border 5-lobed, flat; lobes cune- ate; tube more or less curved. Filaments unequal. Stigma trifid. Capsule round- ish-ovate, 3-celled, cells 1-seeded.—Nutt. 1, P. leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, with the maeuiata, margins scabrous ; stem scabrous ; racemes co- rymbose ; teeth of the calix acute.—Sp. PI. Icon. Jacq. hort. t. 127. (Pursh.) Spotted-stemmed Phlox. Spotted-stalked Lychnidea. A handsome species, from one to two feet high. Stem green, speckled with brownish purple. Flowers peach-blos- som red. In boggy and low meadow ground, in Jersey, and on this side of the river, frequent. It bears transplantation well, and is worthy of cultivation in gardens. Perennial. July. August. 2. P. leaves linear-lanceolate, very downy, with the piiosa. margins revolute; corymbs nearly fastigiate, brac- teate ; teeth of the calix subulate, acute.—Sp. PL 108 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Hairy Lychnidea. At Laraisdown, near Breck's Island, Schuylkill- Rare. Perennial. May. subuiata. 3. P. procumbent, hirsute ; leaves subulate, ciliate ; corymbs few- flowered j segments of the corolla cuneate, emarginate ; teeth of the calix subulate, hardly shorter than the tube of the corolla.— Pursh. Icon. Bot. Mag. 411. Ground Pink. Wild Pink. A very beautiful species, now cultivated in gardens. Flow- ers purpHsh red, with a purple star in the centre. In the sandy dry woods of Jersey, abundant. Perennial. April. May. 101. POLEMONIUM. Gen. pi. 289. (Polemonia.) Calix subcampanulate, 5-cleft. Corolla some- what rotate, 5-lobed, tube short, closed at its base by 5 staminiferous valves or scales. Stigma trifid. Capsule 3-celled, superior. —Nutt. wptans. l. P. leaves pinnate, generally by sevens ; flowers terminal, nodding.—Sp. PL Icon. Mill. ic. 2. t. 209. (Pursh.) Creeping-rooted Jacob's-ladder. This beautiful plant is often met with in the flowerpots of those who keep a few plants in their windows during the winter season. It is much valued, without being known to be a wild inhabitant of our neighbourhood. Flowers sky-blue. On the Wissahickon creek, near rivulets; also close to the spot where Chrysosplenium oppositifolium grows. Rare. Pe- rennial. April, May. PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. l'J9 102. SOLANUM. Gen. pi. 337. (Solanee.) Calix 5-cleft, persistent. Corolla rotate, or campanulate, 5-lobed, plaited. Anthers part- ly united, emitting the pollen by two pores at the point. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded. —Nutt. 1. S. stem fruticose, scandent: leaves cordate, the dulcamara. upper ones auriculated or hastate; clusters cy~ mose. Icon. Fl. Dan. 607. Eng. bot. 565. WoodviUVs Med. Bot. t. 33. Dulcamara. Bitter-sweet. Woody Nightshade. Very common in gardens, but also naturalized in a few vici- nal localities. Flowers deep purple, with the tube of anthers forming a yellow centre ; berries red. Dulcamara has obtained a place in the dispensatories of Europe, for its medicinal vir- tues. It is much esteemed in cutaneous affections. In willow hedges on the road to Gloucester Point, and in hedges near Germantown and Frankford. Rare. Perennial. July. 2. S. stem without thorns, herbaceous ; leaves ovate, nigrum, toothed, angled ; racemes distichous, nodding.—- /3virgii»icom. Sp. PL Icon. Dill. elth. t. 275. f. 256. (Pursh.) Deadly Nightshade. A very ugly plant, found growing near the gutters of the suburb streets, near rubbish, and in cultivated grounds. Com- mon. Annual. All summer. 3. S. stem prickly, annual; leaves hastate, angled, caroiinense. prickly on both sides ; racemes loose.—Sp. PL Icon. Dill. elth. 269. f. 348. Jacq. ic. 2. t. 331. (Pursh.) 11 110 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Horse-nettle. About eighteen inches or two feet high. Flowers large, light blue. Fruit yellow. At the south bottom of the rocky bluff at Gray's ferry, tolerably abundant In neglected fields near Gray's ferry and the Woodlands. Rare. Perennial. May, July. 103. PHYSALIS. Gen. pi. 336. (Solanee.) Berry 2-celled, covered by the inflated calix. Corolla campanulate-rotate ; tube marked with five diaphanous concave impressions. Stamina connivent.—Nutt. ofacura. i, p. leaves somewhat cordate, orbiculate, acumi- nate, unequally dontate ; stem herbaceous, diva- ricate, very much branched ; branches angled.— Mich. P. pubescens. In sandy fields near Woodbury, Jersey. Rare. Corolla yel- low, with purplish-livid spots- Perennial. July, August. pennsyivani- 2. P. leaves ovate, somewhat repand, obtuse, naked ; ca* stem herbaceous, branching; peduncles solitary, a little longer than the petioles.—Willd. and Pursh. P. tomentosa, Walt. ? Pennsylranian Winter-cherry. A very ordinary-looking plant, growing among rubbish, on neglected way sides, and sometimes on the borders of culti- vated fields. Common. Annual, July. 104. NICANDRA. Adanson. Juss. Gen. pi. 140. (Solanee.) Calix 5-parted, with 5 angles, angles com- pressed, segments sagittate. Corolla cam- panulate. Stamina incurved. Berry 3 to 5-celled, covered by the calix.—Nutt. PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. llj I. Nicandra,.Pers. syn. 1. p. 219. Phraioi,ie,. Atropa physaloides, Willd. Calydermos erosus, Fl. Peruv. 2 p. 44. Icon. Fevil. peruv. t. 16. From two to three feet high. Flowers blue. Occasionally found in Jersey, and near farms on the Delaware, Pennsylva- nia side ; but always, I think, near old or neglected garden sites. It has the appearance, in some «f these situations, of being a native, but is introduced, and is becoming, as it were, naturalized ? Rare. Annual. July, August. 105. DATURA. Gen. pi. 332. (Solanee.) Corolla funnel-form, plaited. Calix tubular, angular, and deciduous, the base orbicular and persistent. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved, smooth or sphi}'-. 1. D. pericarp spinous, erect, ovate ; leaves ovate, stramonium glabrous__Sp. PL Icon. Fl. Dan. 436. Eng. bot. 1288. Woodville's Med. bot. 1.124. Jamestown weed. Thorn-apple. Stramonium. A large, rank, repulsive weed, well known to every one as an inhabitant of wastes, neglected commons, and road sides. Flowers purple and white. It is also well known for its nar- cotic virtues, and is much used in medicine. Very common. Annual. All summer. 106. VERBASCUM. Gen. pi. 331. (Solanee.) Calix 5-parted. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed, un- equal. Stamina declined, bearded. Stig- ma simple. Capsule 2-celled, valves in- flected, many-seeded.—Nutt. 1. V. leaves decurrent, tomentose on both sides; Thapsus. stem simple.—Sp. PL Icon. Eng. bot. 549. Fl. dan. 631. 112 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA." Mullein. As well known to every body as the Stramonium. Flowers yellow. On road sides and stony ways, very common, and seeming to prefer calcareous soil. Introduced from Europe- Biennial. All summer. Lychnitis. 2. V. leaves oblong, wedge-shaped, naked above ; stem angled, panicled.—Smith. Icon. Fl. Dan. 586. A very striking and elegant looking plant, when in full bloom in favourable situations, having a pyramidal form from the adpressed radical leaves to the summit of the stem, which is sometimes six feet high. Flowers pale, or straw-yellow. On the banks of the Wissahickon, and in grassy lanes in the the vicinity of that creek, abundant. Elsewhere I have not found it. Pursh says it grows on the banks of the Delaware) near this city. Biennial. June, July. Biattaria. 3. V. leaves amplexicaule, oblong, glabrous. * aiba. leaves denticulate ; flowers pedunculated, white. White Moth-mullein. p iut«. leaves doubly serrate ; flowers sessile, bright yellow. V. Claytoni, Mich. ? Yellow Moth-mullein. From one foot to three feet high. A very beautiful plant. Common in cultivated fields, and by sides of fences. Biennial. June to August. 107. SABBATIA. Adanson. Para. Lond. t. 32. (Gentiane.) Calix 5 to 12-parted. Corolla rotate, 5 to 12- parted. Stigmas 2, spiral. Anthers at length re volute. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, many - seeded.—Nutt. annularis. 1. S. stem quadrangular, winged ; leaves cordate- • ovate, amplexicaule ; flowers on long peduncles, corymbose. B. \ PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 113 Chironia angularis, Willd. Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1.1. 24. Centaury. Centry. This beautiful plant is much esteemed for its medicinal virtues, which are bitter, tonic, and stomachic. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) From nine to eighteen inches high. Flow- ers peach-blossom red above, pale, or nearly white underneath, with a pentangular yellow spot in the centre, and spiral yellow anthers. On the Woodlands, rare. In damp grounds, Jersey, near Woodbury, not frequent. Biennial ? July. 108. AZALEA. Gen. pi. 277. (Rhododendra.) Calix 5-parted. Corolla funnel-form, or cam- panulate, 5-cleft, unequal. Stamina declin- ed, inserted upon the torus or receptacle. Style declined, stigma obtuse. Capsule 5-celled.—Nutt. 1. A. flowers rather naked; leaves lanceolate-oblong, nudiflora. pubescent, the nerves beneath bristly ; corolla hairy ; stamens much longer than the tube of the corolla.—Willd. A. periclymenoides, Mich. A. periclymena, Pers. Wild Honey-suckle. This very beautiful shrub is common in open woods, of rich soil, among underwood, and is frequent in Jersey along the margins of swamps and in boggy ground. In the early part of the season, it flowers before the leaves have appeared. Flowers red. 1>. April rarely—May. 2. A. leaves on the margin scabrous ; corolla hairy, v;i glutinous ; stamens scarcely longer than the co- rolla___Sp. PL A larger species, with white viscous fragrant flowers. From four to eight or nine feet high. Very common on the borders of damp woods in Jersey, and among underwood. Plentiful on the road to Woodbury.. ^ . June, July. 11* '14 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 109. CAMPANULA. Gen. pi. 889. (Camfianulacee.) Calix mosdy 5-cleft. Corolla campanulate, the base closed with 5 staminiferous valves. Stigma 3 to 5-cleft. Capsule inferior, 3 or rarely 5-celled, opening by lateral pores.— Nutt. acuminata. 1. C. smoothish, erect; leaves ovate-lanceolate, end- ing in a long point, subserrate ; spike fascicled, many flowered ; corolla subrotate.—Mich, and Pursh. Pointed- leaved Bellwort. From two to three feet high. Flowers pale blue. Very rare. Close to the Schuylkill, east side, near the Falls, and south of them. Perennial. July, August. aparinoides. 2. C. weak ; stem simple, angled ; angles as well as margins and nerves of the leaves prickly back- ward ; leaves lineaManceolate, smooth above ; peduncles few at the summit of the stem, flexuous, axillary one-flowered, filiform.—Pursh. C. erinoides, L. C. flexuosa, Mich. ? C. aspera, Donn. A rough plant, with small pale blue flowers. Found grow- ing along the margins of rivulets. Common. Annual. July. ampiexicau- 3. C. stem simple, erect; leaves cordate, crenate, toothed, amplexicaule ; flowers axillary, sessile, clustered.—Willd. C. perfoliata, Sp. PI., Walt, and Pursh. Icon. Bar. rar. t. 1133. (Pursh.) About a foot high. Flowers dark blue. Very common in all cultivated fields. Annual. May to August. PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 115 110. TRIOSTEUM. Gen. pi. 300. (Caprifolia.) Calix 5-cleft, persistent, nearly the length of the corolla; segments linear, acute. Corolla tubulous, 5-lobed, subequal, base nectarife- rous, gibbous. Stigma somewhat 5-lobed, capitate. Berry 3-celled, 2-seeded, crown- ed with the calix.—Nutt. 1. T. leaves connate, spathulate-lanceolate, acumi- perfoiiatum. nate ; flowers sessile, verticillate.—Sp. PL T. mjus, Mich. Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1.1. 4. Fever-wort. Red-flowered Fever root. Gentian. BastardIpecacuhana. Wild-coffee. Dr. Tinker's weed. False Ipecacuanha. White Gentian. Per- foliate Fever-root. From two to three feet high—rarely four. Flowers crimson red, berries scarlet red. A very rare plant in this vicinity. In the woods of Lemon-hill, bordering the Schuylkill, and near the Lancaster turnpike road, close to the Columbus inn ; in both localities by no means abundant. In Kingsess gardens, (cultivated) Perennial. June. 111. DROSERA. Gen. pi. 531. (Capparides.) Calix 5-cleft, persistent. Petals 5. Anthers 2-lobed, growing to the filaments. Germ superior. Style 1. Stigmas 3 or 4 diver- gent, deeply bifid. Capsule 1 -celled, 3 or 4-valved, many-seeded. Seeds attached to the middle of each valve.—Nutt. 1. D. scapes radicating, simple; leaves suborbicular, rotundifoiia. tapering at base ; petioles long, hairy.—Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Fl. dan. 1028. 116 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Round-leaved Sun-dew. A very curious and beautiful little plant, about three or four inches high. Leaves radical, adpressed. Flowers white- Common in sphagnous and cranberry swamps in Jersey, and in bogs this side of the river. On and near the Woodlands, frequent. Annual ? July, August- longifoiia. 2. D. scapes radicating, simple ; leaves spathulate, obovate; petioles long, naked.—Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Eng. bot. 868. Long-leaved Sun-dew. Easily distinguished from No. 1 by its long leaves ; in other respects very much resembling it. Also a singular and deli- cate plant. Flowers, as in the preceding, white. Not so common as No. 1, though frequent In the spot I have parti- cularized, page 37, as the habitat of Eriophorum angustifolium. Annual ? July, August. 112. V1TIS. Gen. pi. 396. (Vites.) "Calix minute, 5-toothed or entire. Petals 5, mostly cohering above, in the manner of a calyptrum, coming off at the base, and then deciduous. Style 0. Stigma capitate. Berry. 5-seeded, superior, round, or rarely ovate. (Flowers mostly dioicous.)—Nutt. Labrusca. 1. V. leaves broad-cordate, sublobate, angular, hoary, tomentose beneath; fertile racemes small; berries large—Mich. Willd. V. taurina, Walt. Icon. J acq. schoenbr. 426. (Pursh.) Fox-grape. Every body knows the fruit of this plant by the above Eng- lish name. Berries crow-black, large. In thickets, common. \l ■ June, July. Kstiraiis. 2. V. leaves broad, cordate, 3 to 5-lobed ; younger ones with a brown tomentum beneath ; fertile ra- cemes oblong } berries small.—Mich, and Ptirsh- PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 117 V. vulpina, Willd. V. Labrusca, Walt. V. intermedia, Muhl. Icon. Jacq. schoenbr. 425. Summer-grape. The fruit of this species is brought to our market, and is highly esteemed. Berries indigo-blue, smaller than those of No. 1, and of a more pleasant flavour. In similar places: Common. b_ • May. 3. V. leaves cordate, acuminate, cut-dentate, every cordifoiia. where smooth ; racemes loose, many-flowered, berries small.—Mich, and Pursh. V. incisa, Jacq. schoenbr. 427. (Pursh.) V. vulpina, L. and Walt. Icon. Jacq. 1. c. (Pursh.) Winter-grape. Chicken-grape. Berries greenish, tartish to the taste, and come to perfec- tion very late in the autumn. Not so common as No. 1 and No. 2. \i. June, July. 4. V. leaves unequally cut-dentate, shortly trifid; riparia. petiole, margin, and nerves pubescent.—Mich. V. odoratissima, Don. Cat. 66. V. odoratissima, Muhl. ? Bermudian-grape. Well known, in gardens, where it is cultivated, by the above English name, and much esteemed, on account of the delicious fragrance of its flowers. It grows wild in a thicket on the Woodbury road, Jersey, near the " causeway," three miles, or four, from Camden. \. May, June. 113. CISSUS. Gen. pi. 655. (Vites.) Calix minute, 4 or 5 toothed. Petals 4 or 5, unconnected above, spreading, deciduous. 118 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Germ surrounded with a glandulous disk. Berry 2-celled, 2 to 4-seedcd. (Stamina sometimes 4.)—Nutt. Hderacea. j# C. stem radicant, climbing; leaves digitate, by fives; panicles compound, opposite the leaves ; nectary wanting? Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Mich. Hedera quinquefolia, L. Hort. Cliff. Vitis Hederacea, Willd. V. quinquefolia, Lamark and Smith. Icon. Corn. Canad. t. 100. (Pursh.) Common Creeper. Nothing is better known than this Creeper. It covers whole sides of our houses creeping up to chimney tops, and forms a beautiful clothing for blank, or old stone walls. The va- riegated hues of its leaves, a month previous to defoliation, in the autumn, render the plant, at that time, strikingly beautiful. It grows wild along the fences bordering sandy fields, in Jersey, just opposite the city. On the rocks of the Wissahickon, and elsewhere. Jj. June. 114. ITEA. Gen. pi. 381. Miih. Gen. pi. 1. p. 156. ( Rhododendra ) Calix small, 5-cleft. Petals 5, linear, reflexly spreading, inserted upon the calix. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valv- ed, many-seeded ; the seeds attached to the inflected margins of the valves.—Nutt. Virginica. l. I. leaves oblong, serrated, spikes pubescent.— Willd. Icon. Duham. arb. 1.1. 126. (Ptir=h.) A shrub, from four to eight feet high, with spikes of white flowers. On the borders of the damp shady woods on the road to Woodbury, and in the swampy thickets, a short distance from the ferry-house, opposite Gloucester Point, Jersey Not very frequent, though abundant in these places. I2 • June, July. PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 119 115. IMPATIENS. Gen. pi. 1365. (Gerania.) Calix 2-leaved. Corolla 4-petalled, irregular; the two interior petals unequally bilobed; lepanthium (nectarium, L.) hooded, calca- rate. Anthers at first cohering. Capsule superior, 5-valved, elastic.—Nutt. 1. I. peduncles solitary, 3 or 4-flowered; lepan-pallida, thium (petaloid nectary) obtusely conic, dilated,Nutt' shorter than the petals: spur recurved, very short; flower citron-yellow, sparingly punctate ; leaf rhombic-ovate, mucronately toothed.—-Nutt. I. Nolitangere, Pursh. Pale-flowered Touch-me-not. On the margins of streams, and in shaded swampy thickets. More rare than No. 2. Annual. July, August. 2. I. peduncles solitary, 3 or 4 flowered ; lepanthi- fuiva, um acutely conic, longer than the petals ; spurNutt' resupinate, emarginate, nearly as long as the ga- lea ; flower fulvous, crowded with spots ; leaf rhombic-ovate, obtuse, mucronately toothed.-— Nutt. I. biflora, Willd. and Pursh. I. maculata, Muhl. Fulvous-flowered Touch-me-not. In similar places. Much more common than the preceding, but very like it. Flowers brownish-yellow and spotted. This species, Mr. Nuttall says, is sometimes used for dyeing salmon- red. Annual. June. 116. VIOLA. Gen.pl. 1364. (Cisti.) Calix 5-leaved, produced at the base. Corolla 5-petalled, irregular, the lower petal cornute 120 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. behind. Anthers connivent, cohering at the membranaceous apex. Capsule superior, 3-valved, 1-celled.—Nutt. § 1. stemless species. pedata. i. V. leaves pedate, 7"-parted ; segments linear-lan- ceolate, entire. V. digitata, Pursh. A very fine species. Flowers large, indigo-blue. Along the edges of open woods, and the borders of cultivated fields, in Jersey; common. Flowers, in this, as most of the subsequent species of blue and purple, become nearly white in drying for the herbarium. Perennial. May. paimata. 2. V. leaves cordate, palmate, 5-lobed, toothed, and undivided.—Sp. PL V. heterophyiia. A polymorphous species, as respects its leaves: they are often quite cordate, and from this shape are variously dissected, so as, at times, to be quite palmate. Corolla blue. In rich woods, every where very common. Perennial. May, June. sagittata. 3. V. leaves oblong, acute, cordate-sagittate, serrate, notched at the base ; flowers inverted.—-Sp. PL A rare species, which I have only met with in the borders of cultivated fields close to Woodbury, Jersey. Perennial. April, May. 0 emargina- Leaves similar to those of V. sagittata, almost tri- angularly cordate, or hastate, lacerately toothed near the base, and decurrent in a narrow margin on the petiole, always smooth beneath, often pu- bescent above ; scape longer than the leaf; petals obovate, all emarginate or bi-dentate, the lowest cucullate, the three lower, and sometimes the two upper, pubescent; segments of the calix glabrous, lanceolate, acute; stigma rostrate, depressed ho- PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 121 rizontally, distinctly margined around. Flowers of a line deep blue.—Nutt. V. sagittata, fi emarginata, Nutt. Gen.Am.pl.p. 147. In sandy fields of Jersey, and on the banks of the Schuylkill, every where frequent. Perennial. May. 4. V. leaves ovate, subcordate, crenate, rather acute, ovata. often lacerately toothed at the base, equally, and, for the most part, conspicuously pubescent on either side, petiole marginated; scape shorter than the leaves ; segments of the calix subciliate ; pe- tals obovate, the two lateral ones bearded.-—Nutt. V. ovata, Nutt. Gen. Am. pi. vol. 1. p. 148. V. primulifolia, Pursh, not of L. A small species, frequently occurring on the high rocks bor- dering the Schuylkill, towards the falls, and in the sandy fields of Jersey. Corolla fine bright blue. Perennial. April, May. 5. V. smooth, leaves reniform-cordate, acute, sinu- cucuiiata. ously serrate, cucullate at the base ; peduncle often as long as the leaf; lateral petals bearded.—Nutt. This is the commonest species, being found every where, in meadow grounds, near rivulets, and other damp places. Flow- ers purplish-blue, white at the base of the petals. Perennial. April till June. 6. V. leaves roundish-cordate, crenate-serrate, ob-viiiosa. tuse, upper side almost hirsutely pubescent, under side smooth, peduncle about the length of the flowering leaves, petals oblong, the lateral and lowest one bearded.—Leaves rather thick, mostly incumbent on the ground, often purplish on the under side.—Nutt. V. viiiosa, Walt- and Elliot. V. sororia, Willd. Hort. Berol. 1.1. 72. In dry woods on the SclmylkiU and in Jersey, not rare. Pe- rennial. May. 12 122 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 0 cordi/oiia. 7. v. leaves small, cordate, acute, crenately serrate, flat with a very small sinus, hirsutely pubescent above, smooth beneath; scape always longer than the flowering leaves, segments of the calix smooth, short, rather obtuse, scarcely produced at the base; petals short, obovate,—the 2 late- ral and the lower thinly bearded, multistriate.— Leaves thickish, almost of an equal length and breadth, elegantly cordate and subacute, mostly incumbent on the ground, about an inch long, and equally broad; stipules minute, subulate; segments of the calix short and narrow, some- what oblong; petals rosaceous blue; capsule smooth, stigma small, rostrate and depressed, not margined all round.—Nutt. V. viiiosa, /3 cordifolia, Nutt. Gen. Am. PI. vol. 1. p. 148. About three or four inches high. In dry woods on the banks of the Schuylkill, frequent. May. rotandiibiia. 8. V. leaves orbicular cordate, slightly toothed, glabrous; petioles pubescent; calix obtuse; flowers yellow.—Mich. V. rotundifoiia, Mich. Not identical with Pursh's V. clandestina. Plant small when in flower. Leaveslarge, thick andadpressed to the ground. Flowers pale yellow. This very rare species grows on the dark, shady, hilly borders of the Wissahickon creek, north side, not far from Germantown. It is found ge- nerally at the roots, and under the deep shade of Abies Cana- densis, so abundant on that secluded and romantic part of the creek. Perennial. April. wauda. 9. V. leaves nearly smooth, or slightly pubescent on the upper side, petiole and under side entirely glabrous, nerves pinnate, also smooth; flowers white, and odorous, segments of the calix linear- oblong, obtuse; stigma capitate, depressed, re- curved, acutely margined around, petals all smooth.—Nutt. PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 123 This is the true viola blanda, and is one of the few wild spe- cies which are fragrant. In damp places on the Wissahickon, and in bogs in Jersey, in company with V. lanceoiata, and V. primulifoha. Perennial. April, May. 10. V. leaves oblong, subcordate, crenate, obtuse, primuiifoiia. the base remarkably and abruptly decurrent on the petiole, so as to resemble the leaves of Pri- mula veris ; nerves pinnate, mid-rib on the up- per side of the leaf with a few scattered hairs; petiole on the under side as well as the nerves on the same side, and the scape hairy; segments of the calix obtuse, the 2 lateral petals a little bearded, flowers odorous.—Nutt. V. primuiifoiia, L., Pers., and Elliot, not of Pursh. This species has generally been confounded with V. lanceo- iata, which it much resembles. The late professor Barton, I know, considered it the lanceoiata, supposing that plant to vary in the shape of its leaves. I confess I always had doubts of the identity of the two, but followed others till fully con- vinced. Flowers white. Grows in damp places with No. 11. Abundant, particularly in Jersey. Perennial. May. 11. V. leaves perfectly smooth, acute and sub-lanceoiata. serrate, gradually attenuated down the petiole; segments of the calix acute; petals all beard- less ; stigma recurved, distinctly rostrate, capi- tulum roundish almost without margin. Flow- ers inodorous.—Nutt. Leaves strictly lanceolate, varying in length, from one and a half, to three inches, and never exceeding three-fourths of an inch in breadth. Very common in boggy ground in Jersey; on the low grounds bordering the Wissahickon, south side ; and in similar places all along the course of the Schuylkill, appear- ing to delight in rich sod. Perennial. May. § 2. Species having Stems. 12. V. nerves of the leaves somewhat pubescent striata. on the under side, calix ciliate, nectary rather large, 2 lateral petals densely bearded; stigma 1:24 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. tubular, recurved, a little pubescent on the sum- mit.—Nutt. Flowers yellowish-white. In Jersey frequent; less often met with on the Pennsylvania side of the river. Perennial. May, June. dei>iiis. i3, v. stem decumbent, leaves reniform-cordate, serrulate or crenate, smooth on the under side, base cucullate; petiole short; stipules ovate- lanceolate, serrate-ciliate,peduncles very long; segments of the calix linear-lanceolate, acute, smooth; petals oblong, pale blue, the 2 lateral ones bearded; stigma small, tubular, recurved, rostrate, with scabrous papillse on the summit. —Nutt. V. debilis, Pursh. V. canina, Walt. Very like the preceding, with which it grows. Easily dis- tinguished by the colour of the flowers. Found on the Wissa- hickon. Perennial. May. pubescens. 14. V. leaves either very pubescent, or nearly smooth, subserrate; stipules ovate, mostly en- tire; style compressed, stigma roundish, almost spherical, with 2 lateral tufts of pubescence, and Without rostrum. Fruit smooth.—Nutt. V. Pennsylvanica, Mich. periocarpon. Fruit densely villous; stipules smaller.—Nutt. Grows a foot high and sometimes more—often less. Flow- ers deep yellow. Very abundant on the woody high banks of the Schuylkill, west side, from the upper ferry all along for a mile or two above the falls. /3. described by Mr. Nuttall, I have not noticed. It is he says equally abundant. Perennial. May, June. bicoior. 15. V. stem simple, erect, acutely triquetrous. Radical leaves spathulate-oval, with a few den- ticulations, upper leaves spathulate-lanceolate, or ovate, smooth. Stipulas large, cristate-pal- mate, ciliate, deeply 7 to 9-lobed, segments linear-oblong, terminal one much larger. Pe- PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 125 duncle long, quadrangular. Calix divisions ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate. Petals much larger than the calix, oboval, rather flat, bluish-white, the 2 lateral ones, cristately beard- ed, the lower petal dilated, marked with 5 blue striee, at the base a yellow spot. Style short, nearly central, articulated at the base; stigma turbinate-capitate, erostrate, slightly pubescent at the sides, foramen large. Capsule nearly round.—Nutt. V. bicolor, Pursh. V. bicolor, Hoffman, Fl. Germ. 2. p. lfO? . V. arvensis, Elliot. A very delicate little species much resembling V. tricolor of the gardens. On the grassy borders of cultivated fields bordering Cooper's creek, Jersey, not far from Market-6treet ferry and the Burlington road. Annual. April, and early in May. 16. V. calix nearly equal with the petals, naked, conwior. or not produced at the base, divergent; petals all emarginate and connivent, the lower one bilo- bed, and not produced behind into a spur or nectary; anthers connate; capsule large; seeds pale, subglobose. Stem erect, roundish; leaves erect, numerous, scattered, sessile, cuneate- lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent, irregularly toothed on the upper part, attenuated below so as to appear subpetiolate; nerves strong, ir- regular or alternate; stipules subulate; pedun- cles very short, about 5-flowered.—Nutt. The habit of this plant is very dissimilar from all the preced- ing species. Mr. Nuttall intimates the probability of its being a distinct genus. About 12 inches high. In the woods border- ing a rivulet on Mr. Fisher's seat, Schuylkill, above Lemon- hill ; very rare. Flowers greenish white. Perennial. April, May. 117. CLAYTONIA. Gronovius.i. (Portulacce.) Calix biparted. Petals 5. Stigma trifid. 12* 126 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved, 3 to 5-seeded. Seeds reniform. virginica. 1. C. leaves linear-lanceolate; racemes solitary; leaves of the calix somewhat acute ; petals obo- vate, retuse; root tuberous.—Pursh. Corolla pale rose-red with darker red stripes internally. In moist meadows in the Neck and along the course of the Schuyl- kill, in great profusion. It delights in rich moist soil. Peren- nial. April, May. 118. CEANOTHUS. Gen. pi. 361. (Rhamni. J Calix turbinate, 5-cleft. Petals 5 squami- form, with long claws. Stigmata 3. Cap- sule 3-angled, 3-celled, 3-seeded, tripar- tite, opening on the inner side.—Nutt. Araerieanus. 1. C. leaves ovate-acuminate, serrate, three-nerv- ed, nerves and veins beneath pubescent; pani- cles axillary on long peduncles; pedicels corym- bose.— Willd. Icon. Duham. arb. 51. Schmidt, arb. 132. (Pursh.) New-Jerseij Tea. Red-root. A -Small shrub seldom exceeding three feet in height In dry woods and copses in Jersey and Pennsylvania, very com- mon. The leaves were dried and used like tea, during the American revolution—hence the name. Flowers small, white, lj. May, June. 119. EUONYMUS.i. Gen. pi. 1. p. 373. (Rhamni.) Calix 5-parted, or 5 cleft, its base inside, covered with a flat peltate disk. Petals 5, spreading, inserted on the outside margin of the glandular disk. Capsule 5-angled, 5-ceUed, 5-valved, coloured, septiferous in PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 127 the centre; cells 1 or 2-seeded. Seeds ca- lyptrate (or arillate?)—Nutt. 1. E. subsempervirent; stem sarmentosc, often Amevicanus. radicant, acutely quadrangular; leaves sub-^s>arment°- sessile, opaque, ovate-lanceolate acute, obtuse- ly serrate, serratures for the most part undula- ted; peduncles about 3-flowered; flowers 5- petalled; fruit scabrous.—Leaves somewhat shining, and remarkable for their opacity; fruit of the usual brilliant colours; theca bursting from the centre.—Nutt. Creeping rooted Burning-bush, or Spindle-tree. Seldom exceeding two feet in height, and always preserving the sarmentose habit. It is, I think, a distinct species. On the high shady banks of the Wissahickon. On the hills border- ing the east side of the Schuylkill a mile or two south of the falls; and in a copse on the east side of the road leading from the Lancaster turnpike about two miles from the Schuylkill bridge, towards the falls, the copse perhaps two miles on the road after leaving the turnpike. In the latter place it is abun- dant. July. 120. CELASTRUS. Gen. pi. 372. (Rhamni.) « Calix 5-lobed. Corolla 5-petalled. Stamina situated around a 5-toothed glandulous disk. Style thick, perforate; Stigmas 3. Capsule (theca) 3-sided, 3-celled, 3-valv- ed, valves septiferous in the centre; cells 1 or a-seeded. Seeds semiarillate, arillus ^-cMt.-^Nutt. 1. C. without thorns; leaves oblong, acuminate scanden?. serrate, racemes terminal.—Willd. Icon. Duham. arb. 95. Schmidt, arb. 140.— (Pursh.) 128 PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Climbing Celastrus. Wax Work. A climbing plant frequently reaching the tops of trees, twen- ty or thirty feet high. Flowers yellowish white, small. Ber- ries a bright orange-red. Said to possess medicinal virtues. In hedges and among small trees and shrubs on rocky ground. Frequent near Mendenhall's tavern on the east bank of the Schuylkill, not far from the falls along the fences; and in the stony and hilly copices back of Powelton, abundant. \ . May, June. 121. COMANDRA. Nuttall, Gen. Am. PI. vol. 1, p. 157. (Sanlalacce, R. Brown.) Calix angular, tubular-campanulate, coales- cing with an internal 5-toothed, glandu- lous disk. Petals 5, ovate, ingrafted upon the margin of the calix, persistent. Anthers attached to the petals by a tuft of filaments! Germ 3-seeded, immersed in the glandu- lous disk. Capsule valveless, 1-seeded, coated by the base of the calix. Perennial, root ligneous, stem herbaceous; leaves simple, alternate, stipules none; radical gemmaceous scales numerous, persistent; flowers in a corymbulose terminal panicle.—Nutt. nmbeUata. l. C. stem round and erect, sending out 2 or 3 infertile branches brtow the panicle. Leaves approximating, erect, oblong-ovate, obtuse, smooth, reflected on the margin, and retica- lately veined. Panicle short, ramuli axillary, corymbulose, corymbs about 5-flowcred, with 4 involucrate bractes, uppermost peduncles fewer flowered. Calix uniting with the glandulous and nectariferous germinal disk: disk 5-tooth- ed, obtuse. Petals 5, calycine, often 4 and 6, with the same number of stamina, ovate, acute, persistent, growing to the margin of the calix, white, internally villous (seen through a lens), before expansion parallel. Stamina seated at the base of the petals, alternating with the den- tures of the glandulous disk; filaments subulate, PENTANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 129 about half the length of the petals; anthers oval, 2-celled, connected at their summits to the petals near their base by a fascicle of yellow filaments—Style terete, simple; stigma round, entire; germ about 5-seeded, ovula, pendulous, attached to the apex of a filiform contractile fu- niculus arising from the base of the capsule. , Capsule nearly globular, and angular, 1-seeded, not opening, thin and brittle, not osseous, coat- ed by the base of the calix. Seed round, about the size of a small pea, consisting almost en- tirely of a large carnose and oily perisperm, embryon inverted, small, flat, nearly in the axis of the perisperm; radicle superior, thick and obtuse ; cotyledons linear and acute.—Nutt. Comandra umbellata, Nutt. Thesium umbellatum, L., Willd., Pursh. T. corymbulosum, Mich. Bastard Toadflax. A small plant seldom above 10 inches in height. Very rare in this neighbourhood; I have only found it at the Woodlands along the banks of the Schuylkill. Flowers white. Perennial. June, July. ORDER II. DIGYNIA. 122. APOCYNUM. Gen. pi. 426. (Apocynex.J Calix very small, 5-cleft, persistent. Corolla campanulate, half 5-cleft, lobes revolute, furnished at the base with 5 dentoid glands alternating with the stamina. Anthers connivent, sagittate "cohering to the stig- ma by the middle." R. Brown. Style obsolete; stigma thick and acute. Folli- cles long and linear. Seed comose.—Nutt, 130 PENTANDRIA, DIGYNEV. andtosaemifo- i. A. leaves ovate, glabrous; cymes terminal and Iium" lateral; tube of the corolla longer than the ca- lix.—Brown. Icon. Dod. mem. t. 50. (Pursh.) Common Dog's-bane. Tutsan-leaved Bog's-bane. From two to three feet high. Flowers pale red, and striped. On the borders of cultivated fields, frequent. Perennial. July. cannabinum. 2. A. stem upright, leaves oblong-oval, with hoa- ry pubescence underneath ; panicle pubescent; the limb of the corolla erect.—Willd. and Pursh. A. Cannabinum, Mich. Willd. Pursh, not of Brown and Elliot. A. pubescens, Brown, and Elliot following him. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 13. f. l. Indian Hemp. Resembles No. 1. Easily distinguished, however, by the leaves and flowers, which are greenish-white, or yellowish- green, and smaller than those of No. 1. In similar places with the preceding. Perennial. June, July. hypericifoii- 3. A. stem somewhat procumbent, leaves cordate- um" oblong; smooth, cymes shorter than the leaves. B. A. Sibiricum. Jacq. hort. 3. t. 66. (Pursh.) St. John's- Wort-leaved Dog's-bane. This species has very much the aspect of hypericum, as regards its foliage. On the sandy low shores of the Delaware above Kensington, on the Pennsylvania side; and nearly op- posite Gloucester point on the Jersey side. Rare. Perennial* July. 123. GONOLOBUS. Mich. Fl. Am. 1. p. 119. (Apocynex.) Corolla rotate, 5-parted. Lepanthium (or nectary) simple, cylindric, subcarnose, 5- lobed, depressed, exactly equal with the antheridium (antheroid cells) discoid, pen- PENTANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 131 tangular, without alated lateral margins or terminal membranaceous cusps. Pollinia (masses of pollen) 5 pair, even, transverse. Follicles 2. Seed comose.—Nutt. 1. G. stem twining, hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, obiiquus. acute; corymbs axillary; segments of the co- rolla ovate acuminate. Gonolobus obiiquus, Muhl. Cynanchum obliquum, L. Sp. pi. l.p. 1256. A twining plant with dark purple flowers, with linear spreading petals. On the banks of the Schuylkill from Lemon- hill to the falls. On the botanic garden-ground of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania. Not common. Perennial. 'June. 124. ASCLEPIAS. Gen. pi. 429. (Apocynex.) Calix small, 5 parted, persistent. Corolla rotate, mostly reflected. Lepanthium (nec- tary, L.) simple, 5-parted, segments ovate, cucullate, each producing from its base an internal subulate averted awn. Antheri- dium 5-parted, crustaceous, sessile, angles opening by 5 longitudinal chinks. Follicles 2, ventricose, acuminate, smooth or muri- cate. Seed comose.—Nutt. 1. A. stems simple, leaves lanceolate-oblong, syriaca. acutetomentose beneath; umbels somewhat nu- tant, tomentose.— Willd. and Pursh. A. Syriaca /3. Mich. A. lllinoensis, /3 Syriacse, Pers. Milk-weed. Syrian Swallow-wort. Silk-weed. Wild-cotton. The commonest species of this genus in this neighbourhood. From three to four feet high. On the banks of the Schuyl- kill, Delaware, and all our creeks, very frequent. Perennial. June. 2. A. stem erect, simple, leaves broad-ovate-oblong, phytoiaccoi- acute, smooth, paler underneath; umbels com-des- 132 PENTANDRIA, DIGYNIA. pound, lateral, solitary on large peduncles, nu- tant.—Gron. virg. and Pursh. A. phytolaccoides, Lyon. A.exaltata, |M H A. acuminata, J Poke-leaved Milk-weed. On the high and rocky banks of the Wissahickon. Very rare. I have not often found it flowering. Perennial. incamata. 3. A. stem erect, branched and tomentose, leaves lanceolate, subtomentose woolly, umbels nume- rous originating by pairs, horns exserted.— Willd. Icon. Jacq. hort. 1.107. Flesh-coloured Milk-weed. About two or thre.e feet high. In marshy meadows and on the banks of our waters, common. Perennial. June, July. puichra. 4. A. leaves lanceolate, pubescent underneath, sparingly so above; stem divided above; um- bels erect in pairs. B. A. incamata, /3 pulchra, Willd. This is usually set down as a variety of the preceding. I cannot however think it so. In similar places as Nos. 1 and 2, and 3. Perennial. July. amoeEa. 5. A. leaf oblong-oval, with acute point, under side minutely pubescent, petiole very short; umbels terminal, erect; flowers purple: seg- ments of the lepanthium ovate-oblong, entire, twice the length of the antheridium, central process flattened and gibbous, terminating in a subulated awn; margines of the antheridium triangularly produced.—Nutt. About two feet high. Flowers fine purple. Very rare. In an umbrageous hilly wood on the west side of the Schuylkill, about four miles from Market-street bridge. Perennial. July. variegata. 6. A. stem erect, simple, leaves ovate, petiolate, rugose, naked; umbels subsessile, pedicels tomentose.—Willd. A. hybrida, Mich. PENTANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 133 A. variegata, Walt, not of L. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 77. f. 1. Bot. Mag. 1182. Variegated Milk-weed. This beautiful species is easily recognised by its white and red flowers. From eighteen inches to two feet high. On the borders of woods and in open woods. Jersey, frequent. Not so often met with on the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware. Perennial. July. 7. A. leaves amplexicaule, oblong round-obtuse, obtusifoiia. undulate; umbel terminal on a long peduncle, many-flowered, glabrous, horns exserted.-Jl/ic/i. A. purpurascens, Walt. A species easily distinguished from its congeners, by the very long terminal peduncle, and blunt or rounded amplexi- caule leaves, waved on the margin. Flowers large, purple. In sandy fields of Jersey, and in dry sandy woods, tolerably fre- quent, particularly a few miles south of Camden. Perennial. June, July. 8. A. stem erect, simple, smooth, leaves ovate-acute quadrifoiia. petiolated; in the middle of the stem the large ones in fours; umbels two, terminal, loose-flower- ed, pedicels filiform.—Jacq. Under a foot high. Flowers white. On rocky ground bor- dering the Schuylkill above the falls, rare. Perennial. May. 9. A. stem erect, very simple, a little pubescent in »erticiiiata. lines; leaves very narrow-linear, upright, smooth, generally verticillate, horns exserted.—Mich. Icon. Pluk. mant. t. 336. f. 4. (Pursh.) This very pretty species is readily distinguishable from all the others by its linear leaves. From fourteen inches to two feet high; flowers Naples-yellow and white. Very rare; I have only found it sparingly in a hedge, close to the spot already particularised as the habitat of Iris prismatica. Perennial. June, July. 10. A. stem somewhat upright, divaricate-branch- tuberosa. ing, very hirsute, leaves scattered (crowded and ' alternate) oblong-lanceolate, hirsute, umbels 13 134 PENTANDRIA, DIGYNIA. corymbose-terminal.—Willd. and Pursh. A. decumbens, Walt. Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1.1. 22. Pleurisy-root. Butterfly-weedt §c. $c. The most beautiful of all the American species. Flowers of a rich orange-red, and exceedingly brilliant. The root, as the above name implies, possesses medicinal virtues. As a medi- cine it has been much extolled. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U.S.) Perennial. June, July. 125. GENTIANA. Gen. pi. 450. (Gentianx.) Calix half 5-cleft, or half 5-parted. Corolla tubulous at the base, campanulate, border 4 or 5-cleft; divisions ciliate or entire, spreading, erect or connivent, sometimes furnished with intermediate plaits. Stami- na 4 or 5, distinct or connate. Capsule %- valved, 1-celled; receptacles 2, longitudi- nal.—Nutt. •rmita. 1. G. corolla 4-cleft, segments fimbriate; leaves lanceolate, acute ; stem erect, terete.—Sp. PL G. fimbiiata, Bot. Mag. A beautiful plant about twelve inches high. Flowers bluish- purple, and elegantly fringed. In the woods bordering the road above the falls of Schuylkill, and about a quarter or half a mile from the river. Not common. 1 have met with it only there. Biennial. September, October. saponaria. 2. G. stem terete, smooth, leaves oblong-lanceo- late, three-nerved, flowers sessile, fasciculated, terminal and axillary, corolla 5-fid, campanulate ventricose; divisions obtuse.—Willd. G. fimbriata, Vahl. 3. p. 47. G. Catesbsei, Walt. Icon. Catesb. car. 1. t. 70. Bot. Mag. 1039. Bot. Rep. 418. Soapwort- Gentian. A very beautiful plant, easily known by its fine Prussian blue flowers. The corolla is always closed. From twelve to PENTANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 135 fifteen inches high. In boggy meadow grounds of Jersey, espe- cially close to Woodbury, frequent. Perennial. August, Sep- tember. i 3. G. stem subangulate, somewhat scabrous, leaves ochroicuca. ovate-lanceolate, roughish, flowers sessile, fas- ciculated terminal, corolla 5-fid, campanulate ventricose; segments acute, interior folds sim- ple acute.—Willd and Pursh. G. saponaria, Walt. * G. viiiosa, Willd. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 186. f. 1. Flowers outside yellowish-green, inside blue and purple striped. A very rare plant in this neighbourhood. I have only found it in hilly woods near the Chester-road, about ten miles from the city. Perennial. August. 126. HEUCHERA. Gen. pi. 447. (Saxifragx.) Calix 5-cleft. Petals 5, small. Capsule bi- rostrate, bilocular, many seeded. 1. H. viscid and pubescent; scapes naked, thyrsus Americana. elongated; radical leaves on long petioles, with rounded lobes.—Pers. II. Cortusa, Mich. H. viscida, Pursh. Cortusa Americana, Herm. Mum-root. From fourteen inches to two and a half or three feet high, including the scape and panicle. Flowers small, with long ex- serted stamens and red anthers. The root is a powerful astrin- gent. In woods and thickets, frequent. Perennial. May. 127. ERYNGIUM. Gen.pl. 456. (Umbellifcrx.) Flowers capitate. Involucrum many-leaved. Proper calix 5-parted, superior, persistent. Corolla 5-petals. Receptacle foliaceous. 136 PENTANDRIA, DIGYNIA. segments acute or cuspidate. Fruit bipar- tite.—.A^itt. virginianum. 1. E. tall; leaves very long, lanceolate-linear, ser- rate ; those of the branches with many linear- divisions; involucre longer than theovoid heads; chaff 3-5 fid, capituli paniculate.—Lamarck and Delaroche. E. aquaticum /3.—Willd. and Mich. Icon. Delaroche eryng. t. 19. (Pursh.) Pluk. aim. t. 396. f. 3. Two or three feethigh; flower-heads sky-blue. Often pro- liferous. Along the shores of the Delaware and Schuylkill, in situations where the tide reaches it. Common. Perennial. July, August. 128. PANAX. Gen. pi. 1604. (Aralix.) Flowers polygamous; umbel simple.—Calix 5-toothed. Corolla of 5 petals. Berry in- ferior, subcordate, 2, sometimes 3-seeded. Calix in the male flower entire.—Nutt. quinquefo- 1. P. root fusiform, leaves tern ate and quinate, i.um. leaflets oval, acuminate petiolate serrate.—Willd. Icon. Bot. Mag. 1333. Fl. Peruv. Ginseng. The root of this plant is the celebrated Ginseng of com- merce. Plant about twelve inches high. Exceedingly rare. In the shady and hilly woods above the falls of Schuylkill, west side; and there scarce. Perennial. May. trifoiium. 2. P. root subrotund-bulbous; leaves thrice ter- nate and quinate; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, subsessile, serrate.—Willd. Icon. Bot. Mag. 1334. A small delicate plant about six inches high, with small flowers. On the banks of the Wissahickon, near rivulets, fre- quent. Not often met with elsewhere. Flowers as in No. 1, white. Perennial. April, May. PENTANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 137 129.11YDR0C0TYLE. Gen.pl. 457. (Umbelliferx.) Umbel simple.—Calix none. Petals entire, spreading. Styles short; stigmas capitate. Fruit suborbicular or reniform, laterally compressed. Seed tricostate, and flat, dor- sal rib sometimes obsolete; commissure flat, linear, and immarginate. Involucrum various.—Nutt. 1. H. leaves reniform, slightly 7-lobed, crenate; Americana: umbels few-flowered, sessile.—Lamark. American Penny-wort. A small subaquatic plant with very thin and delicate leaves, which dry transparent when prepared for the herbarium. In swamps, boggy ground, and on the borders of our rivers, creeks and rivulets: common. Flowers very small, greenish- white. Perennial. June, July. 2. H. leaves peltate, crenate emarginate at the umbeiiata. base; umbels pedunculated, many-flowered, flowers pedicellated. Umbelled Penny-wort. About the same size as No. 1, and easily distinguished from it by its umbellated flowers. In similar places, frequent. Pe- rennial. May, July. 130. SANICULA. Gen. pi. 458. f Umbelliferx.) Umbel nearly simple, capitate.—Calix 5- parted. Petals and stamina inflected. Fruit muricated, with uncinate setae. Flow- ers of the disk numerous, abortive.—Nutt. 1. S. leaves digitate, leaflets oblong, incised; fer- Maniandica. tile flowers sessile, generally by three's; sterile, on footstalks, numerous.—Pursh. In woods, common. Perennial. June. 13* 138 PENTANDRIA, DIGYNIA. canadensis. 2. S. radical leaves compound, leaflets ovate.— Willd. A larger plant than No. 1, being often two and an half feet high. The fruit, which is a kind of burr, is much larger than that of No. 1. On the Wissahickon in woods, abundant. I have not met with it elsewhere. Perennial. June. 131. DAUCUS. Gen. pi. 466. CUmbelliferx.J Fruit oblong, partly solid, ribs ciliated with hispid hairs or barbed bristles. Involucrum pinnatifid.—Nutt. car^. l. D. seeds hispid, petioles nerved beneath; seg- ments of the leaf narrow, linear, acute.—La- mark. Wild Carrot. Well known to every body, as an inhabitant of grassy ways, neglected lanes, road sides, and the borders of cultivated fields. Flowers white, in large spreading umbels. This plant has a place, for its medicinal virtues, in Woodville's Medical Botany, and other works in the Materia Medica. Originally introduced from Europe, but now every where naturalized in the United , States. Perennial. All summer. 132. AMMI. Gen.pl. 467. CTJmbelufer2 • July, August. vemix. 3. R. very glabrous; leaflets oval, abruptly acu- minate, entire, panicle diffuse; flowers dioi- cous.—Pursh. Icon. Dill. elth. t. 292. f. 377. Pluk. aim. t. 145. f. 1. Poison Shumach. Swamp Shumach. Poisonous Elder. A very poisonous arborescent species, known well by the above names, and its effects on those who go within the sphere of its influence. In deep swampy thickets in Jersey, not uncommon. In the swamp near Kaign's point, abund- ant. Berries white. I2 . July. Tosieoden- 4. R. stem erect, weak; leaves sinuate, lobed and dron' entire, tomentose underneath; flowers dioicous. —Elliott. Variety, & quercifolium, Mich. Poison Oak. From two to five or seven feet high. Likewise well known as a poison. Berries white. In woods, fields, and especially along fences among green-briar and bramble, common, lj. June, July. radicans. 5. R. leaves ternate; leaflets petiolate, ovate, gla- brous, generally entire; stem radicant; flowers dioicous.—Elliot. R. toxicodendron, var. «. Mich. Poison Vine. No plant is more generally known than this. It is extreme- ly poisonous. Berries white. Grows with No. 3, and particu- larly common along fences Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 5, are possessed of medicinal virtues. J2 . June, July. PENTANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. 155 153. STAPHYLEA. Gen. pi. 507. (Rhamni.) Calix 5-parted, coloured. Petals 5, inserted upon the margin of a pentangular glandu- lous disk. Capsules % or 3; inflated, grow- ing together. Nuts about 2, globose with a cicatrice.—Nutt. 1. S. leaves trifoliate; racemes pendulus, petalstrifbiiata. below ciliated, fruit ovate.— Willd. Icon. Schmidt, arb. 81. (Pursh.) Bladder-Nut. A large shrub, with pendulus white flowers, and very large inflated seed-vessels. On the rocks above the building" called the factory, on the west side of the Schuylkill above the falls. Also on the Wissahickon. Mr. Nuttall. May, June. 154. SAROTHRA. Lamark. (Caryopldllex.) Calix 5-parted, connivent. Petals 5, linear- oblong. Capsule oblong, acute, coloured!, 1-celled, 3-valved, margin of the valves seminiferous.—Nutt. 1. O. hypericoides. Sarothra hypericoides, Nutt. Gen. Am. pi. vol. 1. p. 204. Sarothra gentianoides, Willd. Hypericum Sarothra, Mich. H. nudicaule, Walt. Icon. Pluk. mant. t. 342. f. 2. (Pursh.) Ground Pine. A small plant with numerous clustered branches and yellow flowers; from four to eight inches high. Leaves very minute, like stipules. It has the habit of Hypericum Stamina from 5 to 6. In exposed situations on sterile soil; generally on road- sides; not uncommon. Annual. June, July. 156 PENTANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. ORDER V. PENTAGYNIA. 155. ARALIA. Gen. pi. 525. (Aralia.) Umbelliferous.—Calix 5-toothed, superior. Petals 5. Berry 5-celled, 5-seeded.— Umbels involucellate.—Nutt. -licauiis. i. A. nearly stemless, bearing one leaf; leaf triquinate; leaflets oblong-oval; scape naked, shorter than the leaf; umbels few.—Pursh. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 238. f. 5. Naked-stemmed Sarsaparilla. Wild Sarsaparilla. About a foot or two feet high. Flowers white. Possesses medicinal properties On shaded hilly woods, bordering the Schuylkill, not very common. Perennial. May. Lacemosa. 2. A. stem herbaceous, smooth; leaves decom- pound, glabrous; peduncles axillary, branching, bearing umbels.—Sp. PL Icon. Cold. Canad. t. 75. (Pursh.) Berry-bearing Aralia. Spikenard. Wild Liquorice. This plant is well known to the Jersey country people, who bring the root and berries to market for sale. It is medicinal, and much esteemed. In rocky and very shady situations near Woodbury, Jersey, scarce. Perennial. July, August. spinosa. 3. A. arborescent; stem and leaves prickly; pani- cle much branched, umbels racemose.—Pers. Icon. Schmidt, arb. 102 & 103. (Pursh.) Thorny Aralia. Shot-bush. Pigeon-weed. Angelica- tree. Flowers white. Easily recognised by its thorny stems and branches. It is common in gardens where it sometimes attains a great size, as at Lemon-hill. It grows wild in a stonv thicket not far from Mantua-village. Also possessed of medicinal vir- tues, bj. August. PENTANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. 157 156. LINUM. Gen. pi. 528. (CaryophiUex.) Calix 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, ungui- culate. Capsule superior, 10-valved, 10- celled. Seed solitary. (Filaments of the stamina united at the base.)—Nutt. 1. L. leaves of the calix acute; panicle terminal,virginicum. with the flowers remotely alternate; leaves li- near-lanceolate, those near the root ovate.— Pursh. Virginian Flax. A delicate plant, with small yellow flowers. From twelve to twenty-four inches high. Grows on the borders of woods, and I have often found it in bogs. It is abundant on the lower edge of Powelton. Annual. July, August. 15 [ 158 J ADDENDA. TETRANDRIA. To genus No. 78, page 85, add the following species: 2. Ludwigia hirsuta; erect, branched, hirsute; leaves alternate, oblong, sessile, every where hirsute, peduncles one-flowered, axillary, cap- sules globose-tetragonous, crowned, base bi- bracteate.—Lamark. L. pilosa, Walt. In Jersey, a mile from the Delaware, opposite South-street; Mr. Collins. Perennial. July, August. PENTANDRIA. To genus No. 99, page 106, add the following species: 4. Convolvulus stans; erect, tomentose, leaves ob- long-lanceolate, acuminate-cordate; obtuse be- hind, peduncles one-flowered, bractes ovate- acute, segments of the calix lanceolate, stem flower-bearing below.—Pursh. Calystegia tomentosa, Pursh. Convolvulus stans, Mich. About eight inches high. Flowers white. In Jersey, east of Haddonfiejd; Mr. Collins. Perennial. June, July. HEXANDRIA. TRADESCANTIA. I AUL0PH1LLUM. PRINOS. ALLIUM. HYPOXIS. PONTEDERIA. ALETRIS. HEMEROCALLIS. ORNITHOGALUM. LILIUM. ERYTHRONIUM. UVULARIA. SMIL AC IN A. POLYGONATUM. ORONTIUM. JUNGUS. FLCERKEA. MELANTHIUM. VERATRUM. HELONIAS. SCHEUCHZERIA. GYROMIA. TRILLIUM. RUMEX. SAURURUS. ALISMA. [160] CLASS VI.—HEXANDRIA. ORDER I. MONOGYNIA. 157. TRADESCANTIA. Gen. pi. 543. (Junci.) Calix 3-leaved. Petals 3. Filaments vil- lous. Capsule 3-celled, few-seeded. virginica. l. T. erect, leaves lanceolate, long, smooth; flow- ers sessile, umbels crowded, pubescent—Willd. Icon. Bot. Mag. 105. Virginian Spider-wort. A superb plant with ultramarine-blue flowers and orange coloured anthers. Worthy of cultivation in all our gardens. In many it has already obtained a footing. On the sandy shores of the Delaware, Jersey side, near a thicket about four miles below Philadelphia. Perennial. May, June. 158. CAULOPHYLLUM. Mich. Fl. Bor. 1. p. 204. (Berberides.) Calix 3 to 6-leaved, leaves small, unequal, and caducous. Petals 6, unguiculate, op- posite the calix. Lepanthia 8, seated upon the claws of the petals, carneous, subreni- form, margin glutinous. Anthers growing to the filaments, cells opening by so many vertical elastic valves. Drupe stipitate, by abortion 1-seeded.—Nutt. tuaiictroides. 1. C. very glabrous; leaves supra-decompound, folioles oval, lower ones petiolate and lobed, the terminal one three-lobed.—Mich. Leontice thalictroides, Willd. Icon. Mich. Fl. Boreal. Am. t. 21. HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 161 Co-hosh. About two feet high. Berries blue. Said to possess medi- cinal virtues. Very rare. I have only found it at the foot of a hilly fertile wood, on the west side of the Schuylkill, just above the falls, and there it is scarce. Perennial. May. 159. PRINOS. Gen. pi. 594. (Rhamni.) Calix small, 6-cleft. Corolla monopetalous, subrotate, 6-parted. Berry 6-seeded; seeds nuciform.—Nutt. 1. P. leaves deciduous, oval, serrate-acuminate, verticiiutus. pubescent underneath; fasciles of male flowers axillary, in the form of umbels; female crowd- ed, all 6-parted.—Willd. P. Gronovii, Mich. P. padifolius, Willd. enum. 394. Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. 1.17. Winter-berry. Black-alder. A shrub about five or eight feet high. Flowers small, green- ish-white. Berries fine carmine-red, and shining. In wet thickets on rich soil, and in swamps, very common. The bark is medicinal. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) \. June, July. 2. P. leaves oval, acuminate at each end; male ambiguus. pedicels one-flowered, crowded at the lower branches; female solitary.—Mich. Resembles the preceding. It is questionable whether this is the same plant intended by Pursh, under the name of ambi- guus, with which he has made the Cassine Caroliniana of Walt., synonymous; but it fits .Michaux's description well It is also the ambiguus of Muhlenberg, according to specimens in his herbarium, which I have lately examined. In a swamp near Kaighn's Point, Jersey. Flowers white. b_ . July. 160. ALLIUM. Gen. pi. 557. (Asphodeli.) Corolla 6-parted, spreading. Spaiha many- flowered. Umbel crowded. Capsule supe- 15* HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. rior, 3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.— Nutt. 1. A. stem round-leaved, bulbiferous; stamens tricuspid ated.—ft Hid. Icon. Lob. ic. 156. (Pursh.) Wild Garlic. A common and pestiferous weed, originally introduced, be- ing now, unfortunately, naturalized. It has obtained such a footing in pastures, that it is impossible to extirpate it; and the cows there eating it with grass, causes the butter to get the loathsome tasle of the plant. This garlic butter is ev tremely unwholesome, producing painful eructations, and dis- ordering the stomach. Perennial. June, July. canadense. 2. A. scape naked, terete; leaves linear; head bearing bulbs.—Sp. PL In neglected fields and open woods. Perennial. June. 161. HYPOXIS. Gen. pi. 365. (Narcissi.) Spatha 2-valved. Corolla superior, 6-parf- ed, persistent. Capsule elongated, nar- rower at the base, 3-celled, many-seeded. Seeds roundish, naked.—Nutt. electa. i. II. hairy; scape generally 4-flowered, shorter than the linear-subulate leaves; peduncles twice as long as the flower.—Sp. PL H. Cai'olinensis, Mich. H. giaminea, Pursh. Yellow Bethlehem-star. Leaves very long and grass-like. Flowers yellow. Varies in size from three inches to a foot. In sandy grass-plots, in fields and in woods, gommon, especially in Jersey. Peren- nial. June, July. 162 »i»eale. HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 163 162. PONTEDERIA. Gen. pi. 545. (Narcissi.) Corolla inferior, 6-cleft, bilabiate ; under side of the tube perforated with 3 longitudinal foramina, lower part persistent, calicine. Stamina unequally inserted, 3 of them upon the summit of the tube. Utriculus muricate, 1-seeded.—Nutt. 1. P. leaves oblong-cordate, obtuse; spike crowd- eoniata. ed, man}-flowered; segments of the corolla ob- long.—Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Pluk. mant. t. 349. f. ult. Bot. Mag. 1156. Heart-leaved Pontederia. Pickerel-weed. Wampee. A very beautiful plant, two, or two and a half feet high, with a single heart-shaped leaf, and fine Prussian-blue flowers in a crowded spike. On the marshy shores of the Delawave, Schuylkill, and smaller streams emptying into them, growing with splatterdocks, very common and very abundant. Peren- nial. July. There is a smaller variety with long, narrow hastate or tri- angular leaves, growing along the borders of the Delaware below the navy-yard, that appears to fit Pursh's description of P. angustifolia, which he collected in the mountain-lakes; and I really think it is the plant intended by that author, under the name just mentioned. I have collected many specimens, but in none is the difference in the breadth of the corolla seg- ments observable. 1 therefore consider it a mere variety. The plant I allude to, is distinct from Muhlenberg's P. lan- cifolia, of which I have examined specimens in the Muhl. llcrb. Mr. Elliot seems inclined to the opinion that even that is but a variety of P. cordata. I should not think so from Muhl- enberg's specimens. 163. ALETRIS. Gen. pi. 579. Mich. Fl. Am. 1. p. 189. (Asphodeli.) Corolla tubulous, ovate, summit 6-cleft, ru- gose, persistent. Stamina inserted upon the margin of the orifice. Style trique- trous, tripartile. Capsule semisuperior, 3-celled, many-seeded.—Nutt. 164 IIEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. farino,a. i. A. flowers pedicellate, oblong, tubular; the de- caying corolla nearly smooth.—Sp. PL A. alba, Mich, and Pursh. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 437. f. 2. Bot. Mag. 1418. Star-grass. Colic-root. Leaves radical, adpressed; of a dry texture and a very yel- lowish-green colour, often white in old plants. Scape two or three feet long, with a spike of white flowers, appearing to be covered with a farinaceous powder. It is said to be medicinal. Tn woods and on hills, very common. Perennial. June, July. 164. HEMEROCALLIS. L. (Narcissi.) Corolla campanulate; tube cylindric. Stami- na declinate. Stigma rather small, simple, and partly villous.—Nutt. ■fuiva. 1. H. leaves broad, linear, carinate, petals flat and acute, nerves of the petals undivided.—Willd. Copper-jlowered Day Lily. Brown Lily. An introduced plant, which is becoming naturalized in many parts of the United States. On the Schuylkill near Lemon- hill it is common, close to the waters' edge. And in a seclud- ed thicket on the same river, nearly in a right line from Bel- mont, growing with Hydrangia frutescens. In both of these sites it has every appearance of growing wild. Flowers of an orange-brown colour. Perennial. July. 165. ORNITHOGALUM. Gen pi. 566. (Asphodeli.) Corolla of 6 petals, erect, persistent, above the middle, spreading. Filaments dilated at the base or subulate. Capsule superior, roundish, 3-celled. Seeds roundish, naked. —Nutt. umbeUatum. 1. O. corymb few-flowered, peduncles longer than the bractes, filaments subulate__Willd. Icon. Jacq. austr. 4. t. 343. IIEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 165 Star of Betldehem. This plant is naturalized in our meadows, where it is ex- ceedingly troublesome to the farmers. Flowers white. Peren- nial. May. 166. I.ILIUM. Gen. pi. 558. (Liliuccx.) Corolla 6-petalled, campanulate; petals most- ly reflected, marked with a longitudinal nectariferous line. Stamina shorter than the style. Stigma undivided. Capsule su- perior, valves connected by cancellate hairs. Seeds flat.—Nutt. 1. L. leaves verticillate, lanceolate-linear, stem Phiiadeiphi. sub-2-flowered, corolla erect, campanulate,cu,n' spreading, petals lanceolatc-unguiculate.— Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Mill. ic. t. 165. f. 1. Bot. Mag. 519. Philadelphia Lily. A very elegant plant, easily known from the other species by the claws of the petals. Flowers red-orange. In woods on the Wissahickon, and on the botanic-garden-ground of the University of Pennsylvania. Rare. Perennial July. 2. L. leaves remote, verticillate, lanceolate, three- canadense. nerved, hirsute underneath by the nerves; pe- duncles terminal, long, for the most part in three's; corolla drooping, turbinate-campanu- late, recurved-spreading; segments lanceolate. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Catesb. Car. 3. t. 11. Plowers yellowish-orange. A fine plant, two or three feet high. On the marshy shores of the Delaware, from the navy- yard to Gloucester-point, frequent. Perennial. July. 3. L. leaves glabrous, lower ones verticillate, the superi.um. rest scattered; flowers reflected, in a pyramidal raceme; corolla revolute.—Sp. PL Icon. Trew. ehret. 2. t. 11. Bot. Mag. 936. 166 HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. /■ /■ Superb Lily. This magnificent plant may be ranked among the finest vegetable productions of our country. It frequently attains the height of six or seven feet; supporting a profusion of ele- gant deep-scarlet flowers. On the marshy shores of the Dela- ware, on both sides of the river, and in bogs in Jersey, not uncommon. Perennial. July, August. 167. ERYTHRONIUM. Gen. pi. 562. (Liliacex.) Corolla subcampanulate, petals 6, reflected, the 3 interior usually furnished with a cal- lous denture on each side near the base, and a nectariferous pore. Capsule supe- rior, roundish, or elliptic, substipitate. Seeds ovate?—Nutt. Ameiicanum. 1. E. petals lanceolate, dilated at the base, some- what obtuse, germ subglobose, leaves lanceo- late.—Pursh. E. Ameiicanum, Muhl. & Ker. in Bot. Mag. 1113. E. lanceolatum, Pursh. E. dens canis, Mich. E. longifolium, Poir. American Dog's-tooth Violet. A very pretty little plant, with yellow flowers and leaves generally spotted with brown. In rich and damp woods, and on the borders of small streams in rich soil, very common, Root bulbous. Perennial. May. 168. UVULARIA. Gen. pi. 560. Mich. Fl. Amer. 1. p. 198. (Liliacex.) Corolla inferior, 6-petalled, erect; claws of the petals each furnished with a nectarife- rous cavity. Filaments very short,* grow- ing to the anthers. Stigmata reflected. Capsule 3-angled, 3-celled, 3-valved; valves septiferous in the middle. Seeds many, subglobose, arillate at the hilum.— Nutt. HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 167 1. U. leaves perfoliate, elliptic, obtuse; cofollacam- perfoiiata. panulate-tuberclcd within; anthers awned.— Smith, exotic. Bot. & Willd. U. perfoiiata minor, Mich. Icon. Smith, 1. c. t. 49. (Pursh.) Perfoliate Bell-wort. A delicate plant, about twelve inches high, with pale straw- yellow drooping flowers, in shady and moist woods of rich soil, and*on the borders of bogs in Jersey, common. Peren- nial. May. 2. U. leaves sessile, lanceolate-oval, glaucous un- sessiiifoiia. derneath; capsule ovate, on a footstalk.— Pers. Icon. Smith exot. bot. 1. p. 101. t. 52. Bot. Mag. 1402. Sessile-leaved Bell-wort. Flowers in this species very like those of No. 1. The whole plant indeed resembles that sjpecies; but may be easily distin- guished by the sessile leaves. In similar places with the pre- ceding, but not so common. Perennial. May. 169. SMILACINA. Desfontaines in Ann. mus. hist. nat. 9. p. 51. (Asparagi.) Corolla inferior, 6-parted, spreading. Fila- ments divergent, attached to the base of the lacinise. Berry globose, 3-celled. 1. S. stem two-leaved, leaves cordate, oblong-sub-canadensis. sessile, every where very smooth, raceme sim- ple and terminal, flowers tetrandrous.—Pursh. Maianthemum Canadense, Des. Ann. du Mus. vol. 9. p. 49. Convallaria bifolia, Mich., not L. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 434. f. 4. Two-leaved Convallary. A small and delicate plant, seldom exceeding four inches in height. Flowers small, white. Berries red. In shady woods. 168 HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. On the banks of the Wissahickon, under the shade of Abies Canadensis, and in a boggy wood, a mile south of Lauiidreth's garden Not common. I have rarely met with it in Jersey. Perennial. May. racemosa. 2. S. stem leafy; leaves alternate, sessile, oblong- oval, acuminate, nerved, pubescent; flowers in terminal racemose panicles.—Pursh. Convallaria racemosa, L., Walt., Mich. Pluk. aim. t. 311. f. 2. Bot. Mag. 899. Cluster'-flowered Convallary. From one foot to eighteen inches high. Flowers in a large terminal racemose panicle, and of a yellowish-white colour. Berries scarlet-red. On the borders of cultivated fields and thickets, and in woods; common. Perennial. June, July. 170. POLYGONATUM. Desfont. Ann. des. Mus. vol. 9. p. 48. (Asparagi.) Corolla inferior, 6-cleft, cylindric. Filaments inserted on the upper part of the tube. Berry 3-celled; cells 2-seeded. muitiflorum. l. P. stem terete; leaves alternate, amplexicaule, oblong-oval; peduncles axillary, many-flower- ed.—Pursh. Convallaria multiflora, Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 152. Engl. Bot. t. 272. Many-flowered Solomon's Seal. Wild Asparagus. About two or three feet high; stem round, drooping or curved so as to form a bow. Flowers hanging down under the leaves; yellowish-white. Berries dark blue. The turiones, or young shoots of this species, are eaten as Asparagus. In woods, among rocks; very common. Perennial. June, July. 171. ORONTIUM. Gen. pi. 587. (Aroidex.) Spadix cylindric, covered with florets. Co- rolla about 6-petalled, naked. Style and stigma scarcely any. Utriculus 1-seed- ed.—Nutt. HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 169 1. O. leaves lanceolate-ovate, scape cylindric, aquaticwp. spiked.—Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 803. Engl. Bot. 339. Golden-club. Leaves of a fine blue glaucous-green. Scape white, about ten or twelve inches long, supporting a dense spike of golden- yellow flowers, which have a very peculiar animal odour. On the marshy shores of the Delaware and Schuylkill, every where in profusion. In all the ditches of the neighbourhood, also abun- dant. Perennial. April, May: 172. ACORUS. Gen. pi. 586. (Aroidex.) Spadix cylindric, covered with florets. Co- rolla 6-petalled, naked. Style none; stig- ma a mere prominent point. Capsule 3- celled, 3-seeded.—Nutt. 1. A. scape mucronate, very long, leafy.—Willd. caianms. Icon. Engl. Bot. 556. Woodville's Med. Bot. t. 173. Sweet Flag. Calamus. This plant is well known by its fine warm aromatic root, which is medicinal, and too much neglected in practice. In overflowed ponds, and in ditches; every where common. Pe- rennial. July, August. 173. J UNCUS. Gen. pi. 590. (Junci.) Calix inferior, 6-parted, equal, persistent. Corolla none. Stigmata 3. Capsule 1-cell- ed, 3-valved. Seeds numerous.—Nutt. 1. J. stem naked, upright; panicle lateral effused; effusus. flowers oblong.—Sp. PL Icon. Host. gram. 3. t. 88. (Pursh;) Sqft-rush: Small Bidl-rush. Grows in large bunches together. In low meadow grounds; particularly in the Neck; very common. Also on the borders of creeks and ditches. Perennial. June, July. 16 170 • HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. tenuis. 2. J. stem leafy, simple, terete; leaves channelled; corymb terminal, dichotomous, shorter than the bracteas; capsule oblong, obtuse, shorter than the petals.—Pers. J. tenuis, Rostk. junc. 21. t. 1. f. 3. (Pursh.) J. bicornis, Mich. & Pursh. Slender Rush. In wet fields and meadows, and on the margins of plashes, common. Perennial. July. bufouius. 3. J. stem dichotomous; leaves angled; flowers solitary, sessile.—Sp. PL Icon. Fl. Dan. 1098. Engl. Bot. 802. A small species. In wet grassy places. Rare. Perennial. July. congiomera- 4. J. stem naked, upright, panicle lateral-conglo- bate; capsule retuse, flowers triandrous.—Smith. Icon. Host. gram. 3. t. 88. Leers, fl. herb. t. 13. f. 1. (Pursh.) Resembles No. 1, but easily distinguished from it by the conglobate panicle. In the fens of Jersey, near Woodbury; rare. Perennial. June, July. echinatus. 5. J. heads few, globose, large, nearly sessile, many-flowered; interior leaves of the calix smallest; leaves terete, with knot-like joints.— Elliot. J. echinatus, Muhl. J. polycephalos, Mich. J. polycephalos, /3 tenuifoliust Pursh. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 92. f. 9. Rough-headed Rush. Grows in moist soils, and in low meadows. Not unfrequent. Perennial. June. tampestris. 6. J. leaves flat, hairy; spikes pedunculated-ovate, half-drooping, intermediate sessile, calicine fo- HEXANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 171 Holes mucronate; longer than the obtuse cap- sule.—-Willd. , Icon. Engl. bot. 672. Field-Rush. From eight inches to a foot high. In fields and neglected grassy places; common. Perennial. April, May. 174. FLCERKEA. Willdenow. (Portulacex ?) Calix 3-leaved. Corolla of 3 petals, shorter than the calix. Style bifid. Pericarp none. Seeds 3 or 3, membranaceously coated, su- perior.—Nutt. 1. F. stem terete. Leaves somewhat succulent, paiustris. alternate, pseudopinnate; segments mostly 5, narrow, oblong-lanceolate, simple, ultimate di- visions confluent at the base, lateral ones 2 or 3-lobed, somewhat obtuse, di or trichotomously and numerously nerved, (when held to the light;) petiole long, semicylindric, channelled. Peduncles axillary, at first short, but gradually elongated nearly to 2 inches. Calix 3-parted, segments ovate, acute, thickish and green. Pe- tals 3, white alternating with the calix, and much smaller, oblong, somewhat obtuse, and persistent, pubescent at the base (seen through a lens,) inserted upon the calix. Stamina 6, minute, irregularly disposed, arising from the base of tbe calix; filaments capillary, alternate- ly articulated upon 3 glands near their base; anthers roundish. Style 1, inserted between the fruit, and unconnected with it in every direc- tion, apex bifid, stigmas 2, small, roundish. Fruit within the persistent calix, consisting of 2, and rarely 3, roundish, naked, but membra- naceously coated seeds; integument papillosely rugose.—Nutt. 172. HEXANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. F. proserpinacoides, Willd. & Muhl. Nectris pinnata, Pursh ? On the banks of the Schuylkill, west side, just opposite to Breck's Island. Rare. Perennial. July, August. ORDER III. TRIGYNIA. 175. MELANTHIUxM. Gen. pi. 618. (Junci.) Polygamous.—Calix none. Corolla rotate, 6-parted: segments unguiculate, higlandu- lous at the base, claws staminiferous. Cap- sule exserted, subovate, apex partly trifid, 3-celled. Seeds many, membranaceously alated.—Nutt. virginicum. i. M. panicle pyramidal; petals oval, somewhat hastate, flat; flowers generally fertile.—Pursh. Helonias Virginica, Bot. Mag. 985. Leaves somewhat like those of flag. Scapes two or three feet high, supporting a pyramidal loose panicle of •greenish- white flowers. In low and boggy ground. In a boggy thicket in the angle between the Lancaster turnpike, and the new turnpike, near the Woodlands. Also on the lower edge of Powelton, not far from the road leading from Market-street bridge, to the next bridge above. Rare. Perennial. June, July. 176. VERATRUM. Gen. pi. 1564. (Junci.) Polygamous.—Corolla 6-parted, spreading, segments sessile and without glands. Sta- mina inserted upon the receptacle. Cap- sules 3 united, many-seeded.—Nutt. rhide. 1. Y. leaves broad, oval, plaited ; racemes pani- cled; segments of the corolla oblong-oval, acute.—Mich. V. album, Mich. HEXANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. 175 Green-flowered Hellebore. Swamp-poke. Indian- poke. A very fine plant, from three to six feet high, with very large broad root-leaves. Flowers greenish. The root is medi- cinal. It is also said to be useful in destroying cockroaches, and is brought to our market and sold for that purpose. A rare plant in this neighbourhood. On the high woody hills above the falls of Schuylkill, west side, near a rivulet? It is said, by the market people, to grow in Jersey, near this city, but 1 have not found it in any other locality than the one men- tioned. Perennial. July. 177. HELONIAS. Gen. pi. 622. Mich. Fl. Am. 1. p. 211. (Junci.) Corolla 6-parted, spreading; segments ses- sile and w ithout glands. Styles 3, distinct. Capsule 3-celled^ 3-horned, cells few-seed- ed, (seeds 1 or 2.)—Nutt. 1. H. scape leafy, raceme spiked, nutant, pedicels dioica. very short, subebracteate, filaments longer than the corolla, petals linear, leaves oblong-lanceo- late.—Pursh. Helonias dioica, Pursh. H. pumila, Jacq. ic. rar. 2. t. 453. (Pursh.) H. lutea, Ait.—and Kerr, in Bot. Mag. Veratrum luteum L., Willd., and Muhl. Melanthium dioicum, Walt. M. densum, Lamark. Devils-bit. Drooping Star-wort. Blaaing-star. A very handsome dioicous plant. The drooping spike of white flowers on the male plant is extremely beautiful. The flowers of the female plant are not so pretty. Root bulbous- like and prxmorse. It is said to possess anthelmintic proper- ties On the bluff bordering the Schuylkill, Woodlands; in the shady woods north of Powelton; and in shady woods on the Wissahickon. Not very frequent. Perennial. July. 2. H. leaves linear, very long; scape leafy; cap-erythrosper- sule shortened, divaricate; seeds ovate.—Pers. 16* 174 HEXANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. H. erythrosperma, Mich. H. Iseta, Ait. Melanthium tetum, Willd. M. Muscsetoxicum, Walt. M. phalangioides, Lam ark. Anthericum subtrigynum, Jacq. ic. rar. 2. t. 419. (P'u-sh.) Channelled-leaved Helonias. A very handsome plant, with white flowers. In a swampy thicket west of M'Mahon's garden; rare. Perennial. June, July. 178. SCHEUCHZERIA. Gen. pi. 615. (Junci.) Calix 6-parted. Corolla none. Anthers li- near. Stigmas sessile, lateral. Capsules inflated, distinct, mostly 2-seeded. Seeds smooth, cylindric-ovate, with a longitudi- nal carinate suture, (black.)—Nutt. paiuttri* 1. S. leaves of the infertile shoots near 18 inches long, very narrow and linear. Roots loaded with persistent vestigial ; raceme 5 to 7-flower- ed, lowest peduncles longest and subtended by sheathing leaves, which diminish upwards into short bractes. Capsules 3, oval, inflated, with compressed margins. Seeds almost uniformly 2 in eacli capsule, as large as those of garden bal- sam (Impatiens chinensis) black and shining, integument coriaceous; episperm white and membranaceous. Nucleus greenish, consisting of an ovate cylindric and homogenous somar- hize, marked at its inferior extremity (or con- tiguous to the umbilicus) with an almost imper- ceptibly minute gemmule, in the form of a dia- phanous point.—Nutt. About eight or ten inches high, with large bundled decayed .leaves at the roots. Leaves variegated, occasionally, like tor- toise-shell. In Cranberry swamps, Jersey, not far from th« city. Rare. HEXANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. 175 179. GYROMIA. Nuttall. Gen. Am. pi. vol. 1. p. 238. (Asparagi.) Corolla 6-parted, revolute. Calix none. Fi- laments and anthers distinct. Styles none; stigmas 3, filiform and divaricate, united at the base. Berry 3-celled, cells, 5 or 6- seeded. Seeds compressed, 3-sided.— Nutt. 1. G. stem simple, erect; leaves verticillated; Virginia.. flowers terminal, aggregate. Indian Cucumber. A very elegant plant, from one to two feet high. Root an oblong-white tuber; stem terete, shining, covered with a white flocculent coat. Flowers straw-yellow with revolute petals. Berries dark-purple. In moist shady woods, and in thickets bordering rivulets; very common. Perennial. May, June. 180. TRILLIUM. Gen. pi. 620. (Asparagi.) Calix 3-leaved, spreading. Corolla of 3 petals. Filaments and terminal anthers adnate, opening on the inner side. Styles none. Stigmas 3, distinct, or approximate. Ber- ry 3-celled, cells many-seeded.—Nutt. 1. T. peduncle recurved; petals lanceolate-acu- cemuum. minate, flat, reflected, as long as the calix; leaves dilated, rbomboidal abruptly acuminate, on short petioles.—Pursh. Icon. Bot. Mag. 954. Drooping three-leaved Nightshade. Near two feet high. In the woods above the falls of Schuyl- kill, scarce. In a shady wood near a rivulet, a little west of Mantua-village, abundant. I have not seen it elsewhere. Pe- tals white. Berries purple. Perennial. May. 176 HEXANDRTA, TRIGYNIA. 181. Rl'MKX Gen pi 613. (J'vlygonex.) Calix 6-parted, persistent, the 3 interior di- visions petaloid, conuivent. Seed 1, 3- sided, superior, naked. Stigmata multi- fid.—Nutt. crispus. i. R. valves entire, each bearing a grain; leaves lanceolate-undulate, acute.—Sp. PL Icon. Curt. Loud. 2. t. 20. Curled Dock. Like the rest of the species, an ordinary looking plant with inconspicuous flowers. Introduced from Europe, but now every where naturalized. In fields, pastures, and wastes, com- mon. Perennial. July. acutus. 2. R. hermaphrodite; valves, dentate, radical leaves cordate-obtuse, stem roughish.—Willd. Icon. Engl. Bot. 1999. Common Dock. In similar places with the preceding; also in gardens, a very common and troublesome weed. Introduced, but naturalized. Perennial. June, July. acvtoceiia. 3. R. flowers dioicous; leaves lanceolate-hastate. —Sp. PL Icon. Engl. Bot. 1574. Sheep's Sorrel. About ten inches high, bearing reddish flowers. The leaves have an acid and not disagreeable taste. In dry fields, and on gravelly way-sides, every where in the greatest profusion, frequently giving a red appearance to whole fields. Peren- nial. June till August. HEXANDRIA, POLYGYNIA. 177 ORDER IV. TETRAGYNIA. 182. SAURURUS. Gen. pi. 632. (JYajades.) Flowers in an ament, or crowded spike, scales 1-flowered. Corolla none. Filaments and anthers adnate. Capsules % each 1 or rarely %- seeded, not opening.—Nutt. 1. S. stem leafy, many-spiked, leaves saggittate- cemuu*. cordate.—Willd. Anonymos aquatica, Walt. Mattuschkea aquatica, Gmel. Icon. Pluk. alm.t. 117. f. 3 & 4. Nodding Li%ard?s-tail. Water-lilies. A subaquatic, branching and leafy plant, with drooping spikes of white sweet-scented flowers. On the margins of ditches, creeks and rivers, in situations generally where the water reaches it; common. Perennial. August, September. ORDER VI. POLYGYNIA. 183. ALISMA. Gen. pi. 625. (Junci.) Calix 3-leaved. Petals 3. Capsules many, 1-seeded, not opening. 1. A. leaves oval-cordate, very obtuse, 9-nerved ; Piantago. flowers in verticillate panicles; fruit obtusely 3-angled.—Pursh. A. trivialis, Pursh. Water Plantane. This plant varies much in size, frequently flowering when only six or eight inches high, and often attains an elevation. of two feet In ditches, plashes and rivulets, common. Pe- rennial. July. OCTANDMA. RHEXIA. OENOTHERA. GAURA. EPILOBIUM, OXYCOCCOS. ACER. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. POLYGONUM. £ 180 j CLASS VIII—OCTANDRIA. ORDER I. MONOGYNIA. 184. RHEXIA. Gen. pi. 636. (Melastomx.) Calix urceolate, 4 to 5-cleft. Petals % ob- lique, inserted upon the calix. Anthers declinate. Capsule setigerous, ^-celled, included in the ventricose calix. Recepta- cles subulate. Seeds numerous. (Stamina sometimes 10.)—Nutt. Mariana. i. R. stem reddish, very hirsute; leaves hirsute- subpetiolate, oval-lanceolate, or lanceolate-li- near, with a long, tubulous, smoothish calix.— Mich, and Pursh. Icon. Pluk. mant. t. 428. f. 1. Lam. illustr. 283. f. 1. A handsome plant, from one to two feet high. Flowers pale rose-red. In the fens of Jersey, common. Perennial. July, August. virginica. 2. R. stem winged-angular, covered with a few scattered hairs; leaves sessile, oval-lanceolate, the little teeth bristled and distinctly ciliate-ser- rate, sparingly hirsute, or sprinkled with hair. —Mich. Icon. Bot. Mag. 968. Pluk. aim. t. 202. f. 8. Lam. illustr. t. 283. f. 2. Resembles No. 1, very much, but is a much more elegant plant, and has somewhat larger and deeper rose-red flowers, with bright orange-yellow anthers. Both these species might be readily cultivated in our gardens, by introducing a little bog earth with them, and culture would doubtless render them still more elegant In similar places with No. 1, in Jersey, very common; and in marshy low ground west of the Delaware, not unfrequent. No. 1, appears to be limited to Jersey. Pe- rennial. July, August. OCTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 181 185. OENOTHERA. Gen. pi. 637. (Onagrx.) Calix tubulous; 4-cleft, segments deflected, deciduous. Petals 4, inserted upon the ca- lix. Stigma 4-cleft. Capsule 4-celled, 4- valved, inferior. Seeds naked, affixed to a central 4-sided receptacle.—Nutt. 1. 02. stem villous, scabrous, leaves ovate-lanceo-biennis. late, flat; flowers terminal, subspicate-sessile, with the stamens shorter than the corolla.— Willd. OEnothera mollissima, Walt. ? Icon. Fl. Dan. 446. Evening Tree-primrose. This elegant ornament of our field-hedges, is cultivated sometimes in our gardens, where its flowers acquire a much finer yellow colour, and becomes larger. They are generally of a pale yellow, and open in the evening, just as the sun leaves the horizon. This opening is effected by a very sud- den retraction of the calix leaves, which are forcibly thrown against the peduncles, and an immediate expansion of the pe- tals. The flowers continue thus expanded till the sun is about an hour or two high, when they are partially closed, and again open at evening. The flowers are very numerous, and I am not certain that the same one opens a second time; perhaps not. I have cultivated the plant in my garden, and in that state the same flower was but once expanded, andthenfaded. Mr. Pursh has noticed an appearance of phosphoric light ema- nating from the flowers of this evening primrose, during very dark nights. The plant is about three or four feet high. On the borders of cultivated fields, and in natural hedges, very common. Also, occasionally, in thickets, along watercourses. In the latter situation the leaves often become diseased, when they assume a whitish appearance. Biennial. August. 2. (E. smoothish, leaves lanceolate, subdentate, fruticoga. acute; capsules pedicellate, oblong-clavate, an- gled.— Willd. Icon. Bot. Mag. 332. 17 182 OCTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Shrubby Oenothera, or Tree-primrose. Sun-drops. A very handsome species, with much darker yellow.flowers than those of No. 1. Prom two to three feet high. The flow- ers of this species, likewise, open at evening, and become par- tially closed when the sun appears. In shady damp woods, and on the borders of rivulets, ditches and other waters; common. Perennial. July. /2.ambigua, More or less pilose; stem simple; leaves lan- ceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, subdenticu- late, petals obcordate, longer than broad; points of the calix very short; capsule subsessile, al- ways smooth, oblong, and 4-wingcd; raceme naked below.—Nutt. Generally confounded with No. 2, but very distinct. The stem is simple and slender, and the flowers much smaller than in that species. Grows in dry fields exposed to the sun, and on high exposed banks bordering Cooper's creek, Jersey. On the Woodlands, not unfrequent. Perennial. August. sinuata. s. CE. stem diffuse, softly pubescent; leaves oval- oblong, toothed-sinuate; flowers axillary, vil- lous; capsules prismatic.—Willd. and Pursh. (Enothera biennis, Walt. ? Icon. Murray Com. Goett. 5. t. 9. Pluk. aim. t. 203. f. 3. Scollop-leaved (Enothera. A semi-procumbent species, not as handsome as the gene- rality of Oenotheras. It varies very much in size; often being in flower when only an inch and a half high. In this state the leaves are entire, or nearly so; and has been mistaken by Pursh for a different species. It is his CE. minima. Generally a foot high, but sometimes more. In sandy fields of Jersey, every where very abundant. Annual. June, July. 186. GAURA. Gen.pl. 638. (Onagrx.) Calix 4-cleft, tubular. Corolla of 4 petals, ascending towards the upper side. Nut quadrangular, 1 to 4-seeded.—Nutt. OCTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 183 1. G. leaves lanceolate, dentate; spikes crowded; wennis. fruit nearly round, slightly 4-angled, pubescent. —Pursh. Icon. Bot. Mag. 389. From three to four feet high. In thickets on the bank walk :ilong the Delaware to Gloucester point, Jersey side of the ri- ver. In thickets just below Market-street bridge, west side of the river, near a little stream which empties into the Schuyl- kill. Rare. Biennial. July, August. 187. EPILOBIUM. Gen. pi. 639. ( Onagrx.) Calix 4-cleft, tubulous. Corolla of 4 petals. Capsule oblong inferior. Seeds comose. 1. stem somewhat 4-angled by prominent lines; tetragonum? haves opposite, the upper ones alternate ; lan- ceolate-serrate.—Pursh. Icon. Fl. Dan. 1029. E. coloratum, Muhl? Angle-stemmed Willow-herb. Plant very much branched, about fourteen inches or two feet high. Flowers small, blossom-red. In low boggy grounds and thickets near water, not uncommon. Leaves often colour- ed, and occasionally quite red. Perennial. July. 3. E. subcanescently pubescent; root squamose,Uneare. bulbous; stem terete, branching above; stem leaves opposite, those of the branches alternate, linear and entire, revolute on the margin; flow- ers pedunculate; petals bifid; stamina unequal; stigma clavate undivided.—Nutt. E. lincare, Muhl. E. oliganthum, Mich. E. rosmarinifolium, Pursh. E. squamatum, Nutt. Linear-leaved Willow-herb. From one foot to eighteen inches high; easily known by its linear leaves. Flowers small, terminal, few in number, pale red 184 OCTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. or blossom colour. In boggy grounds and low meadows, com- mon. On the Woodlands, and the lower or east end of Powel- ton ; abundant. Perennial. July. 188. OXYCOCCOS. Persoon. Syn. 1. p. 419. (Ericx.) Calix superior, 4-toothed. Corolla 4-parted; segments sublinear, revolute. Filaments connivent. Anthers tubulose, scmibilid. Berry many-seeded.—Nutt. macrocarpus.l. O. repent; stems assurgent; leaves oblong, very entire, (distantly subserrulate, Nutt.) flat- tish, obtuse, glabrous, white underneath; pedi- cels elongated; segments of the corolla lanceo- late.—Pers. and Pursh. Vaccinium macrocapon.—Willd. Sp. PI. 2. p. 355. V. oxycoccos, p oblongifolius, Mich. Icon. Wang. Amer. t. 30. f. 67. (Pursh.) Pluk. aim. t. 326. f. 6. Cranberry. It is the fruit of this plant which is known so well to every person under the name of cranberries. Flowers white. Ber- ries large, bright-shining scarlet or carmine-red. In swamps of Jersey, very abundant; hence the places where the plant grows are called Cranberry-swamps. In a swamp already so often mentioned, half a mile south-east of Kaighn's-point, Jer- sey, very abundant. Perennial. May. 189. ACER. Gen. pi. 1590. (Acera.) Flowers mostly polygamous.—Calix about 5-cleft. Petals 5, or none. Samarm 2, sometimes 3, alated, united at the base, by abortion 1-seeded.—Nutt. rubrom. l. A. leaves generally 5-lobed, acute, serrate, glaucous underneath; flowers in umbels, erect; germs glabrous.—Sp. PL A. Carolinianum, Walt? Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest, vol. 2. p. 210.1.14. OCTANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 185 Swamp Maple. Red Maple. Scarlet Maple. A common-sized tree with red flowers and seeds; common. Vpril, May. 2. A. leaves palmate, 5-lobed, acuminate-serrate, dasycarpom. pubescent underneath, and glaucous almost to whiteness; flowers in clustered umbels; germs tomentose.—Sp. PL A. eriocarpum, Mich. f. A. tomentosum, Hort. paris. Icon. Mich. Arb. forest, vol. 2. p. 205. t. 13. Silver-leaved Maple. White Maple. Soft Maple. A large tree with greenish-yellow flowers and seeds. On the banks of the Schuylkill, and elsewhere ; common. April, May. 3. A. leaves pinnate and ternate, unequally ser- Negutido. rate; flowers dioicous—Sp. PL Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest, vol. 2. p. 247. t. 18. Box Elder. Ash-leaved Maple. A very large tree, not so common as No. 1, and No. 2. On the Schuylkill, near the falls, east side, and elsewhere. May, June. ORDER II. DIGYNIA. 190. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. Gen. pi. 763. (Saxifragx.) Calix superior, 4 or 5 cleft, coloured. Co- rolla none. Capsule birostrate, 1-celled, many-seeded. 1. C. leaves opposite, subrotund, narrowed at the jjppmfofo- base into a petiole, very smooth, crenate—Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 365. Engl. Bot. 490. Opposite-leaved Golden Saxifrage. A subaquatic plant with very inconspicuous flowers. Very rare in this neighbourhood. I have only found it in a rivulet 17* 186 OCTANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. on the west side of the bridge, close to the mill which I have particularly mentioned under the head of Smyrnium integer- rimum, p. 146. Perennial. May. ORDER III. TRIGYNIA. 191. POLYGONUM. Gen. pi. 677. (PolygonexT) Calix 5-parted, petaloid, persistent. Seed 1, superior, 3-sided, covered by the conni-, vent calix. (The number of the stamina and styles uncertain.)—Nutt. § 1. Flowers axillary. avituiaw. j, p# flowers octandrous, trigynous; leaves lanceo- late, rough on the margin, nerves remote; stem procumbent, herbaceous.—Willd. a angustifo- leaves small, lanceolate-oblong.—Mich. 1im' P. aviculare, Muhl. Common Knot-grass. /giaufoiium. leaves broad, oval-obtuse, like the leaves of box. —Mich. P. erectum, Muhl. and Willd. Upright Knot-grass. On road sides, in wastes, among rubbish, and in gardens; every where very common. Annual. All summer. linifoiium. 2. P. very much branched; stems and branches angular-flexuose; leaves linear, channelled, short above, somewhat subulate; all very up- right, rigid, submucronate, sessile; flowers axr illary, remote, alternate, solitary. Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph. p. 48. P. tenue, Mich ? P. barbatum, Walt?- OCTANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. 187 Flax-leaved Polygonum. About six or eight inches high. Flowers small, white or pale-blossom-red. In dry sandy fields of Jersey, and on the sandy commons near Camden; common. In a sandy field a mile or two above the falls of Schuylkill, west side ; frequent. \nnual. July. § 2. Flowers spiked and terminal. 3. P. flowers pentandrous, digynous, unequal; virgimanum. leaves broad-oval; spike very long, virgate, flowers remote. P. rostratum, Muhl. P. bistorta, Walt? From eighteen inches to two feet high. Flowers small, white, inconspicuous. Seed rostrate. In shady woods not unfrequent. In the woods of Powelton, abundant. Perennial. June, July. 4. P. flowers crowded, octandrous, with the style Pcnnsyh^ 2-cleft; peduncles hispid; stipules glabrous; "'cum' leaves lanceolate, a little hairy.—Sp. PL Pennsylvania Knot-weed. Flowers large, rose-coloured. Plant from one to two feet high. In cultivated fields and on the borders of ditches; com- mon. Annual. From midsummer till autumn. .?. P. flowers octandrous, semi-trigynous, leaves puncta. P. flowers hexandrous, semi-digynous, spikes Persicaria. ovate-oblong, erect, peduncles smooth; leaves 188 OCTANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. lanceolate, ochre* smoothish, ciliated at the apex.—Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 702. Engl. Bot. 756. Ladies'1 Thumb. Easily known from the other species by the blackish or brown-lunate, or heart-shaped spots in the centre of the leaves. In ditches and overflowed places, very common. Annual July, August. barbatum. 7. P. flowers hexandrous, trigynous, spikes ver- gate, ochrese truncate, bristles-ciliate; leaves oblong-acute, smoothish.— Willd. P. barbatum, Willd. Bearded Knot-weed. Slender and delicate, about eighteen inches or two feet high. Flowers white or pale-red. Along ditches and in moist meadows; common. July. orientaie. 8. P.flowers heptandrous, digynous; leaves ovate; stem erect; stipules hairy, hypocrateriform.—• Sp. PL Icon. Bot. Mag. 213. Mill. ic. 201. Tall Persicaria. A very large and elegant species, frequently attaining a height of six or seven feet; when the leaves become very large. Flowers carmine-red. Introduced, but perfectly naturalized. In wastes, among rubbish, and near garden enclosures, very common. Annual. July, August. coccineum. 9. p. flowers pentandrous, semi-digynous, spike cylindric, ochrese truncate, smooth, leaves ovate. —Willd. Scarlet or aquatic Knot-weed. About a foot or eighteen inches high. Flowers deep crim- son-red or scarlet. A handsome species On the muddy shores of the Delaware, Jersey side, between the city and Kaighn's point; very rare. Perennial. July, August. J OCTANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. 189 § 3. Spike paniculate. 10. P. flowers octandrous, trigynous, spikes pani- aiticuiatum. culate, filiform, flowers solitary, pedunculate; bractes imbricate-truncate; leaves linear, och- rese sheathing-truncate, stem herbaceous.- Willd. Jointed-leaved Knot-weed. A handsome species, about a foot high. Flowers rose-co- loured mixed with white. In sandy fields of Jersey, within ten miles of Philadelphia; Mr. Collins. I have not found it; my specimens were brought me by Mr. Theophilus Beesley of Salem, from that neighbourhood. Annual. July, August. § 4. Leaves incised, or cordate at the base. 11. P. flowers in heads, octandrous, with the style saggittatum. 3-cleft; stem retrorsely aculeate; leaves sag- gittate.—Mich. Icon. Pluk. Mant. t. 389. f. 5. Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb. A weak, decumbent plant, with angular stems, prickly back- ward. Flowers white, or very pale rose-colour. In all swamps and bogs, and on the margins of meadow-drains, very com- mon. Annual. June to August. 12. P. flowers distinct, hexandrous, with the style arifoiium. 2-cleft; spikes few flowered; stem retrorsely aculeate; leaves hastate.—Mich. Icon. Pluk. amalth. t. 398. f. 3. (Pursh.) Halbert-leaved Tear-thumb. A larger and rougher plant than No. 11. Easily known by its triangular-hastate leaves. Stems red, rigidly prickly back- ward, and tear the hands of those who meddle with the plant Grows in similar places with No. 11. Annual. July, August. 13. P. flowers octandrous, with the styles 3-cleft; convolvulus, leaves oblong-cordate; stem angled, roughen- ed ; calix of the mature fruit without wings.—. Mich. Icon. Fl. Dan. 744. 190 OCTANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. Bind-wced Polygonum. Black-bind-weed. Climb- ing Buckwheat. A climbing species, with heart-shaped leaves and white flowers. In hedges, and along fences bordering cultivated fields. Introduced, but naturalized. Not uncommon. Annual. July, August. scandens. 14. p. flowers octandrous, trigynous; leaves broad-cordate; stipules truncate, naked; stem twining, glabrous; calix of the mature fruit winged.—Mich. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 177. f. 7. American climbing Buckwheat. Also a scandent species, resembling No. 13, but easily dis- tinguished from it by attending to the different shape of the leaves above mentioned, and by the fruit. In similar places Frequent. Perennial. July, August. ENNEANDRIA. LAURUS. L 192 j CLASS IX.—ENNEANDRIA. ORDER I. MONOGYNIA. 192. LAURUS. Gen. pi. 688. (Lauri.) Calix mostly 6-parted. Nectarium consist- ing of 3, bisetose glands, surrounding the germ. Filaments 12, 6 interior, 3 of them sterile and glanduliferous. Berry 1-seed- ed. (Stamina variable in number. Flowers often dioicous.)—Nutt. ueuzoin. i. L. leaves ovate-lanceolate, pubescent under- neath ; flowers in clustered umbels; buds and pedicels glabrous.—Sp. PL L. pseudo-Benzoin, Mich. Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 2. Spice-wood. Spice-berry. Wild Allspice. Fever Bush. A fine large shrub, with yellow flowers and scarlet berries. The branches, stems and berries, are very aromatic. Possesses medicinal virtues. In low, open woods, and on the borders of streams, every where very common. lj . March, April. sa.saftas 2. L. leaves entire and lobate.—Willd. Icon. Mich. Arb. forest, vol. 3. p. 173. t. 1. Sassafras Tree. A fine tree, bearing yellow flowers and blue berries. It often appears only a shrub. On the borders of fields, common. Possesses medicinal properties. April, May. DECANDRIA. GAULTHERIA. VACCINIUM. ANDROMEDA. KALMIA. EPICflEA. HYPOPITHYS. MONOTROPA. PYROLA. CH1MAPHILA. CLETHRA. CASSIA. BAPTISIA. CERCIS. HYDRANGEA. SAXIFRAGA. MITELLA. SAPONARIA. DIANTHUS. SCLERANTHUS. CUCUBALUS. SILENE. STELLARIA. ARENARIA. SPERGULA. CERASTIUM. AGROSTEMMA. OXALIS. PENTHORUM. SEDUM. PHYTOLACCA. I 194 ] CLASS X.—DECANDRIA. ORDER I. MONOGYNIA. 193. GAULTHERIA. Gen. pi. 749. (Ericx.) Calix 5-cleft, or 5-toothed, bibracteate at the base. Corolla ovate, border partly 5-cleft, revolute. Filaments of the stamina hir- sute; Torus or receptacle 10-toothed. Capsule superior, 5-celled, invested by the calix which becomes a berry.—Nutt. ptQcumbens. 1. G. stem procumbent, branches erect, naked be- low, above crowded with leaves; leaves obo- vate-acute at the base; very slightly ciliate- dentate; flowers few, terminal, nodding.—Willd. Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. 1.15. Mountain-tea. Tea-berry. Partridge-berry. Winter- green, <$"C. A small creeping-rooted shrubby plant, with evergreen foliage. Flowers white; berry-like fruit, scarlet, esculent and agreeably flavoured. A decoction of the leaves affords a pleas- apt tea, which is stimulant and anodyne. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) In the pine-barrens and dry sandy woods of Jersey, common. On the banks of the Wissahickon, abundant, b,. May. 194. VACCINIUM. Gen. pi. 658. (Ericx.) Calix superior, 4 or 5-toothed. Corolla ur- ceolate or campanulate, 4 or 5-cleft; bor- der reflected. Filaments inserted upon the germ. Berry 4 or 5-celled, many-seeded. (Stamina sometimes 8.)—Nutt. DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 195 1. V. leaves oval, lanceolate, nearly acute, entire, stammeum. glaucous underneath; flowers solitary, axillary, nodding; anthers exserted, awned.—Sp. PL Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 339. f. 3. A very handsome species, with very numerous white flowers. Stamens much longer than the corolla. On the borders of woods in Jersey, in hedges, and on the margins of dry thick- ets, not uncommon. Fruit whitish, not esculent. \. May, June. 2. V. branches, leaves and racemes somewhat his- dumosufc. pid; sprinkled with resinous particles; leaves obovate-oblong, acute at the base, mucronate, very entire, racemes bracteate, pedicels short, axillary subsolitary, bibracteate in the middle, corollas campanulate, lacinise round, anthers included.—Bot. Mag. 1106. Bot. Rep. 112. V. dumosum, Muhl. and Pursh. V. frondosum, Midi., not L. V. hirtellum, Ait. Kew. ed. 2. v. 2. p. 357. Low or bushy Whortle-berry. A small shrub seldom more than two feet high, found in all the dry sandy woods of Jersey in such profusion, that they are rendered almost impassable by it Flowers large and white ; berries black, globose, and surrounded with the persistent calix. The fruit is brought in great quantities to our market, and hawked about our streets, under the name of huckle- berries, b.. June, July. 3. V. leaves ovate-oblong, somewhat obtuse, mu- frondosu... ticate, very entire, smooth, glaucous beneatb, abundantly sprinkled with resinous particles; racemes loose, bracteate, pedicels long, filiform, bracteolatc, bractes linear, corolla ovate-cam- pamdate, lacinise acute, anthers included.— Willd. and Pursh. V. frondosum, L., not Mich. V. giaucum, Mich. Icon. Bot. Repos. 140. 196 DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Blue-tangles. Blue-huckle-berries. About three or four feet high. Flowers small, white, nearly round. Berries covered with a bluish or glaucous coat; escu- lent and agreeable, and brouglrt in profusion to our markets. They do not keep long after being plucked, and are liable to have worms or the larvae of insects in them. In open woods of Jersey, also very common. lj . May, June. iesinosum. 4. V. leaves slenderly petiolate, oblong-oval, and . generally obtuse, muticatc, very entire, sprink- led with resinous particles underneath; racemes lateral, leaning one way, pedicels short, sub- bracteolate, corollas ovate-conic, pentagonal.— Willd. and Pursh. . Andromeda baccata, Wangh. am. (Pursh.) Clammy Whortle-berry. Black Whortle-berry. This species varies in the colour of the corolla, being yel- lowish, red and greenish, occasionally. The most prevailing colour is red. Berries black, esculent. From three to four feet high, with the flowers appearing, generally, when the leaves are very small. Very common in Jersey and Pennsylvania, in underwood and among wild shrubbery, in exposed situations. bj. April, May. corymbosuw. 5. V. flower-bearing branches nearly leafless; leaves oblong-oval, acute at each end. Mucro- nate, nearly entire; the younger ones every where pubescent, sub-tomentose beneath; the old ones glabrous above, the veins and nerves beneath, pubescent; racemes short, sessile, sca- Jy-bracteate; corollas cvlindric-ovate; calices erect; style subexserted.—Willd. and Pursh. V. amcenum, Ait. V. disomoiphum, Mich. V. album, Lainark. Swamp Whortle-berry. Bilberry. Blue-berry. \ large shrub,from five to eight feet high. Flowers white. Berries black. Commonly known, and vended by hucksters, under the name of swamp-huckle-berries. Grows in swamps and boggy ground, Jersey. Common, lj . June. DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 197 6. V. branches angular, greenish; leaves sessile, teneiium. ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, serrulate, shining all over; fascicles crowded with flowers, sub- terminal, sessile; corollas ovate.—Willd. and Pursh. V. Pennsylvanicum, Lamark and Mich. Sugar Huckle-berries. A low shrub, with pale-red flowers. Berries black, and very sweet; by which circumstance they can be readily recognized among the huckle-berries brought to market for sale. Near Woodbury, Jersey ; rare. \ May. 195. ANDROMEDA. Gen. pi. 747. (Ericx.) Calix 5-parted, minute, inferior. Corolla more or less ovate, orsubcylindric, smooth; border 5-cleft, reflected. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved; valves producing dissepiments from the middle, margins naked.—Nutt. 1. A. leaves lanceolate-oblong, somewhat obtuse, caiicuiata. obsoletely serrulate, subrevolute, scaly-punctate, ferruginous beneath; raceme terminal, leafy, leaning one way; pedicels short, solitary, axil- lary; calices acute, bibracteate at the base; bractes broad-ovate, acuminate; corollas ob- long-cylindric.— Willd. Icon. Pallas. Fl. ros. 2. p. 53. t. 71. f. 1. (Pursh.) Evergreen or Box-leaved Andromeda. A shrub, three or four feet high. Flowers white. Leaves to- wards the extremities of the branches, becoming gradually smaller. In the spongy-swamp, a little south-east of Kaighn's point, Jersey. I have not met with it elsewhere. In that loca- lity it is abundant. \ . April, May. 2. A. leaves oval, subacute at each end, very en- mariano. tire, smooth, subcoriaceous, paler underneath; 18* 198 DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. flower-bearing branches nearly without lca\cs, peduncles fasciculate, corollas ovate-cvlindric, calices leafy, anthers muticate, capsule conical. —Willd. Icon. Pluk. Mant. t. 448. (Pursh.) Oval-leaved Andromeda. A very elegant shrub, bearing a profusion of pure white cylindric flowers. Possesses medicinal virtues. In Jersey, in underwood, and on the borders of woods and dry swamps; and in similar places on the west of the Delaware ; common. Jj . May to August. raperaosa. 3. A. leaves lanceolate, acute, serrulate, glabrous on the upper, pubescent on the under surface; racemes terminal, leaning one way, simple or branched; corolla oblong-ovate; anthers 4- awned.—Mich. A. racemosa, L. V. paniculata, >Yalt. A. Catesbaii, Sp. PI. ? Sweet-scented Andromeda. Red-bud. A very elegant shrub, from three to five feet high, with its fine, lateral raceme of white flowers beautifully disposed. On the borders of damp woods, particularly on the road to Wood- bury, Jersey; frequent, b,. June, July. iianicuiau. 4. A. pubescent; leaves obovate-lanceolate, acute, nearly entire; flower-bearing branches terminal, paniculate, somewhat naked ; glomeruli sub- pedunculate, corollas subglobose, pubescent, an- thers obtuse muticate.— Willd. and Pursh. V. paniculata, Mich., not L. A. glohulifera, Hortul. A. racemosa, Lamaik. A very common and ordinary looking shrub, from three to five feet high. Flowers numerous, very small, white, globu- lar. The globular pericarp is persistent, and often remaining. voh the phtat during the second season. In swampy and lo\v DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 199 ground, among shrubbery, every where • very common. b_ • June, July. 196. KALMIA. Gen. pi. 743. (Rhododendra.) Calix 5-parted. Corolla salverform; border on the under side producing 10 cornute protuberances, and as many cavities in which the anthers are concealed. Capsule 5-celled, many-seeded, dissepiments mar- ginal.—Nutt. 1. K. leaves on long foot-stalks, scattered and by iatifoiia. three's, oval, coriaceous, smooth on eacli side; corymbs terminal, viscid and pubescent.—Mich. Laurel. Calico-tree or bush. American Laurel. Ivy-bush. This magnificent shrub is certainly one of the finest orna- ments of our woods. In the woods of Jersey, where it seems to attain its greatest perfection, it is often ten or thirteen feet high; and when in full flower, is truly admirable. Common every where in woods, and among shrubbery. Possesses me- dicinal properties. Flowers peach-blossom-red. b_ • May, June. 2 K. branches ancipital, leaves opposite, subses- en- sile, oblong, smooth, glaucous beneath, margins revolute; corymbs terminal, bracteate, pedun- cles and calices very smooth.—Ait. and Pursh. Obs. branches terete, branchlets mostly trique- trous with the leaves tcrnate: leaves petiolate, subovate-oblong obtuse, nearly flat, scattered and ternate, every where smooth, glaucous on the under side, at length dependent; corymbs terminal, compound; corymbulets racemose, ternate; flowers subfastigiate, peduncle with 3 bractes at the base, disposed in 2 contrary se- ries, pulverulently and viscidly pubescent as well as the calix; segment of the calix ovate acute; flower salverform, margin crenately 200 DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. lobed; anthers opening by 2 oblique truncate pores; stigma truncate entire.-—Nutt. K. polifolia, Wangh. (Pursh.) Icon. Bot. Mag, 177. Ait. Kew. 2. t. 8. Glaucous-leaved or Small Laurel. A shrub, flowering at a height of twelve inches to two feet. Flowers fine deep-red, half the size of those of No. 1, and very handsome. Very common among shrubbery in Jersey. b_. May, June. 197. EP1GJEA. Gen. pi. 748. (Ericx.) Calix large, 5-parted, tribracteate at the base. Corolla salverform, border 5-parted, spreading; tube internally villous. Cap- sule 5-celled; Receptacle 5-parted.—Nutt. repens. j# E. branches, petioles, and nerves xery hirsute; leaves cordate-ovate, very entire; corollas cy- lindric.—Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Bot. Rep. 102. Creeping Epigaea. Creeping Ground Laurel. A procumbent, creeping, evergreen shrub, bearing very fragrant white or pale blossom-red flowers. In shady and hilly woods, every where frequent. Often concealed under decayed leaves. fy. April, May. 198. HYPOPITHYS. Dillenius. (Monotropex. Nutt.) Calix 3 to 5-parted. Corolla pseudo-polype- talous, persistent; segments 4 or 5, each with a cucullate nectariferous base. An- thers small, horizontal, 1-celled, at length opening flat. Stigma orbicular, with a bearded margin. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valv- ed. Seeds very numerous, minute, subu- late.—Nutt. DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 201 1. H. scape bearing flowers in a s"pike; brae tes lanuginosa. and Mowers hairy on all sides.—Mich. IlypopUhys lanuginosa, Nutt. Monotropa lanuginosa, Mich., Pursh, &c. M. bypopithys, Wait. Fellow or Woolly Birds-nest. Parasitic on the roots of trees; in shady woods, particularly of Jersey, ten inches high. Whole plant of a yellowish-brown colour, ltare. Perennial. June, July. 199. MOXOTROPA. Gen. pi. 737. (Monotropex. Nutt.) Calix none. Corolla psendo-polypetalous, persistent; segments 5, each with a cucul- late, nectariferous base. Anthers reniform, horizontal, 1-celled, emitting the pollen near the middle, by 2 transverse foramina. Stigma orbicular, naked. Capsule 5-cell- ed, 5-valved. Seeds very numerous, mi- nute, subulate.—Nutt. 1. M. scape short, thick, l-flowered; scales ap-uniflora. proximate; flower-drooping.—Pursh. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 209. f. 2. Catesb. car. 1.1. 36. About six or seven inches high, stems growing in clustered bunches together, each stem supporting a single flower. Whole plant pure white, resembling wax. In similar places with hy- popithys, but more common. Perennial. May, June. 200. PYItOLA. Gen. pi. 572. (Ericx.) Calix 5-cleft or 5-parted. Petals 5, decidu- ous. Style exserted. Capsule 5-celled, opening at the angles near the base, mar- gins of the valves connected by an intricate tomentum; (septa medial, coalescing with the receptacular axis; lobes of the recepr 202 DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. tacle simple. Seeds very numerous and miuute, samaroid.)—Nutt. rotundifoiia. l. p. leaves roundish, or dilated oval, obsoletcly crenulate, partly coriaceous and lucid, petiole Conspicuously niarginated, about the length of the lamina; scape many-flowered; hractes ovate, acute; calix 5-parted, segments oblong-ovate, reflected at the points; petals longer than the stamina.—Nutt. Icon. Fl. Dan. 110. Engl. Bot. 213. Rourul-leaved Winter-green. The largest species of this genus, about eight or ten inches high. A very pretty plant, with white fragrant flowers, in shady woods of rich loose soil, among decayed leaves, every where very common. Perennial. June, July. eiiiptica. 2. P. leaves membranaceous, oblong-oval and ob- tuse, or elliptic-ovate, plicately serrulate and acute, lamina always much longer than the pe- tiole; scape naked or furnished with a single scale; bractes linear and subulate; calix 5-tooth- ed, points subulate, reflected.—Nutt. Pyrola eiiiptica, Nutt. This species I have long observed in this neighbourhood. It is very like the common rotundifoiia, but discrepant enough, and sufficiently constant in its character, to constitute a per- manent species. Grows with the preceding. Perennial. June, July. caionuuha. 3. P. stamens sub-ascendent, pistil declined, style somewhat thick, the divisions of the calix af- fixed ; scape nearly naked, racemes many-flow- ered.—Swartz. Scape generally convolute; leaves small, thick, subcoriaceous, orbicular, generally emarginate at the apex; petioles sim- ple, pistil declined.—Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph. p. 50. P. chlorantha, Swartz, in Stockholm Trans. 1810, p. 190. t. 5. DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 203 P. convoluta, Bart. Prod. Fl. Phi. p. 50. P. asarifolia, Mich. P. rotundifoiia, /3 nummularia, Muhl. Cat. 2d ed. Icon. Swartz, Trans. Stockholm, 1810. Resembles No. 1, but easily distinguished from it by its pale greenish-yellow flowers, and small thick leaves. In the woods of Jersey, every where common, growing with No. 1, and No. 2. This species I first described in my Prodromus un- der the specific name convoluta. I have however thought best to assume the specific appellation given to the same plant by Swartz, who has found it in the woods of Sweden. I had not seen the Stockholm Transactions, at the time I pub- lished the Prodromus, else I should have availed myself of die better name chlorantha, from the colour of the flowers. Peren- nial. June, July. 201. CHIMAPHILA, Pursh. Fl. Am. vol. 1. p. 300. (Ericx.) Calix 5-toothed. Petals 5. Style very short, immersed in the germ; Stigma annulate, orbicular, with a 5-lobed disk. Filaments stipitate; stipe discoid, ciliate. Capsule 5-celled, opening from the summit, mar- gins unconnected.—Nutt. 1. C. leaves cuneate-lanceolate, acute at the base, umbeiia,ta. serrate, of one colour; scape corymbiferous, fila- ments smooth.—Pursh. C. corymbosa, Pursh. Pyrola umbeiiata, L., Willd., Mich., &c. Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. i. t. 1. Bot. Mag. 778. Pippsissewa. Winter-green. An elegant evergreen plant, about eight inches high. Flowers fragrant, greenish-white, delicately tinged with rose-colour at the inside of the petals. Stigma green, viscid—anthers purple. Leaves a deep shining green. It is well known under the name of Pippsissewa, and is brought to our markets in abundance for sale. It is in much repute as a medicine, and is powerfully diuretic. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) In the woods of Jersey, in great profusion; and in woods west of the Dela- ware, also common. Perennial. July. 204 DECANDRIA, MONOGYN1 A. maculate, g, C. leaves lanceolate, round at the base, remotely serrate, marked with a longitudinal discoloured fascia: scape 2—3-flowered, filaments woolly. —"Pursh. Pyrola maculata, L. Icon. Bot. Mag. 897.—Pluk. mant. t. 349. f. 4. (Pursh.) Spotted-leaved Pippsissewa. Poison Pippsissewa. Also a very elegant and fragrant evergreen plant, resem- bling » o. 1, exceedingly, hut readily distinguished by the white broad lines in the leaves. Grows with No. 1; very common. Perennial. July. 202. CLETHRA. Gen. pi. 751. (Ericx.) Calix 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5. Style persistent; Stigma short and trifid. Cap- sule 3-celled, 3-valved, enclosed by the calix.—Nutt. ainifoiia. i. C. leaves cuneate-obovate acute, deeply ser- rated above, every where smooth and of a uni- form colour; racemes spiked, simple, bracteate, hoary-tomentose.—Willd. C. alnifolia denudata, Ait. Icon. Catesb. Car. 1. t. 66. Alder-leaved Clethra. Fragrant Clethra. This fine shrub should be cultivated in gardens. The foli- age is handsome, and the long spikes of white flowers which. are numerous, exhale a spicy fragrance, which adds much value to the plant. About three or five feet high. In the boggy grounds and swamps of Jersey, very common and aburtdant. ^ . July, August. 203. CASSIA. Gen. pi. 700. (Eegummosx.) Calix 5-leaved. Petals 5, subequal. Three upper anthers sterile, the 3 lowest rostrate, DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 205 upon longer and incurved filaments. Le- gume membranaceous, 2-valved.—Nutt. 1. C. nearly glabrous; leaves in 8-pair, lanceo-Maniandica. late-oblong, mucronate, nearly equal; gland on the petiole obovate; racemes axillary, and pa- niculate-terminal ; legumens linear, curved, smooth.—Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. t. 12. Wild Senna. American Senna. A very elegant plant, from three to four feet high, bearing a profusion of orange-coloured flowers. The dried leaves and follicles are equal, in medicinal virtue, to the common senna of the shops. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) In sandy wet ground, near the borders of all our rivers and creeks; very abundant. Perennial. July, August. 2. C. nearly smooth ; leaves in many pairs, linear, chamseciiris- gland of the petiole subpedicellate; flowers nearly in pairs; pedicels long, two petals, spot- ted; legumens pubescent.—Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Bot. Mag. 107. Dwarf Cassia. Partridge. Acoumack-pea. A very superb species, from one foot to eighteen inches high. Flowers twice as large as those of No. 1, and deep-yel- low. On the borders of cultivated grounds, not uncommon. Near a copse in the Neck, half a mile from Federal and Se- cond streets, in great profusion, and very large. Annual. Ju- ly, August. 3. C. spreading; leaves in many pairs, linear, medians. gland of the petiole pedicellate; peduncles clus- tered, few-flowered above the axills, flowers pen- tandrous ; stamens equal.—Willd. and Elliot. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 31-1. f. 5. 19 206 DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Wild Sensitive-plant. A smaller species than No. 2, with very small flowers. Out of flower and fruit they may be mistaken for each other. Flowers yellow. The leaves are somew hat sensitive. On sandy and barren road sides, and on the borders of sandy fields; very common. Annual. June to August. 204. BAPTISIA. Ventenat. R.Brown. (Leguminosx.) Calix half 4 or 5-cleft, bilabiate. Corolla papilionaceous, petals nearly equal in length; vexillum laterally reflected. Sta- mina deciduous. Legume ventricose, pe- dicellate, many-seeded.—Biiown. Hort. Kew. 3. p. 5. tinctoria. i. B. very glabrous, and much branched, small- leaved ; leaves ternate, subsessile, folioles cune- ate-obovate, round-obtuse; stipules obsolete, oblong-acute, much shorter than the petiole; ra- cemes spiked, terminal; legumes ovate, on long footstalks.— Willd. and Pursh. Sophora tinctoria, Sp. PI. 534. Podalyria tinctoria, Mich., Lamark, and Willd. Icon. Bot. Mag. 1099. Wild Indigo. About two or three feet high, very bushy or much branch- ed. Leaves, stem and branches of a blueish-green. Flowers fine yellow, very numerous. Possesses medicinal properties. On hills, in dry woods,on the borders of thickets, and in fields; very common. The whole plant is apt to dry black when pre- pared for the herbarium. Perennial. July, August. 205. CERCIS. Gen. pi. 696. (Leguminosx.) Calix 5-toothed, the lower part gibbous. Co- rolla papilionaceous, lateral petals or wings larger than the vexillum; carina dipetalous. Legume compressed. " Semi- DECANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 207 niferous suture marginated. Seeds obo- vate/'—Brown. 1. C. leaves nearly round, cordate, acuminate, canadensis. villous at the axills of the nerves; legumes on short footstalks.—Mich. Icon. Schmidt, Arb. 21. Mill. ic. 2. (Pursh.) Red-bud. Sallad-tree. Judas-tree. \ very superb tree, w hen in bloom, which takes place be- fore the leaves appear. Flowers very numerous, of a crimson- red. Children are fond of eating them. I have often observed hundreds of the common humble-bees lying dead under these trees while in flower. Perhaps the flower contains something pernicious to them. On the banks of all our waters, and along the borders of small woods; very common. I2 • May. ORDER II. DIGYNIA. 206. HYDRANGEA. Gen. pi. 760. (Saxifragx.) Calix superior, 5-toothed minute. Petals 5. Capsule mostly S-celled, striate, opening betwixt the persistent styles by a terminal foramen. Seeds many, longitudinally stri- ate.—Nutt. 1. II. leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse at base, acumi-vulgaris, nate, dentate, smooth beneath; cymes naked.— Pursh. II. arborescens, Willd. Icon. Bot. Mag. 437. Common Wild Hydrangea. A shrub, about five or six feet high, with white flowers. On the banks of the Schuylkill, west side, in a secluded shady thicket bordering a rivulet. This spot may be readily found, being not far above Breck's island. Rare. b_. July, August. 9.0S DECANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 207. SAXIFRAGA. Gen. pi. 764. (Saxifragx.) Calix 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5. Cap- sule 1-celled, many-seeded, opening be- twixt the persistent styles.—Nutt. vwginica. i. S. all over finely pubescent; leaves oval, ob- tuse, crenate, decurrent into the petiole; stem nearly without leaves, paniculate; branches di- chotomous ; flowers subscssilc.—Mich, and Pursh. S. Virginiensis, Mich, and Pursh. S. vernalis, and S. nivalis, Muhl. S. pilosa, Herb. Banks, (Pursh.) Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 222. f. 5. Early Saxifrage. After the Draba verna, this is the earliest blooming plant of spring, frequently appearing in flower, on exposed rocks bor- dering the Schuylkill, while the snow is yet on the ground. It varies much in height, often flowering when two inches high, and frequently later in the season, when near a foot tall. On rocks and dry exposed hills every where, common. Some- times at the roots of trees in dry woods, particularly in Jer- sey. Perennial. Last of March, till June. pennsyivani- 2. S. pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute M* at each end, obsoletely denticulate; stem naked, panicle oblong, branches above having fasciles of flowers.—Willd. Icon. Dill. elth. t. 253. t. 328. Large Saxifrage. A large inelegant species, near three feet high. Radical leaves very large and thick. Flowers greenish. Near rivulets, in the woods above the falls of Schuylkill, west side. Rare. 208. MITELLA. Gen. pi. 766. (Saxifragx.) Calix 5-cleft, persistent. Petals 5, pinnati- fid, inserted upon the calix. Capsule 1- DECANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 209 celled, subsemibivalve; valves equal.— Nutt. 1. M. leaves sub-lobate-acute, angled, dentate; diphyiia. stem erect above, two-leaved, leaves opposite.— Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Rob. ic. 80. Schkuhr. hand. 1. t. 120. Lam. illustr. t. 373. f. 1. (Pursh.) Two-leaved Bishop's-cap. American Bastard- sanicle. A very delicate plant, about one foot high, with white flow- ers. On the low banks of the Wissahickon, near springs and rivulets. Rare. Perennial. May. 209. SAPONARIA. Gen. pi. 769. (Caryophyllex.) Calix tubulous 5-toothed, naked at the base. Petals 5; unguiculate. Capsule 1-cell- ed.—Nutt. 1. S. calices cylindric, leaves ovate-lanceolate.— officinalis. Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 543. Engl. Bot. 1060. Officinal Soap-wort. Bruise-wort. Bouncing-Bet. A well known plant in gardens with white flowers, that have great tendency to a duplication of petals. Among rub- bish, in wastes, and near habitations and neglected outhouses, all through the country; verj' common. In the streets of Cam- den, and on the road to Woodbury, in the sand. Introduced, but naturalized. Perennial. July. 210. DIANTHUS. Gen. pi. 770. (Caryophyllex.) Calix cylindric, coriaceous, 5-toothed, the base surrounded by 4 to 8 scales. Petals 5, unguiculate. Capsule cylindric, 1-cell- ed, bursting at the summit.—Nutt. 19* 210 DECANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. Armeria. i. D. flowers aggregated and fasciculate; cali- cine scales lanceolate, villous, as long as the tube.—Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 230. Engl. Bot. 317. Wild Pink. Along the margins of sandy fields of Jersey, near Kaighn's point, and Cooper's ferry. Flowers deep-red. This plant ap- pears in these localities to be quite at home; and Dr. Bigelow has found it on the rocky hills in Roxbury and Salem. Yet it is not improbable that it was originally introduced from Eu- rope. Annual. July. 211. SCLERANTHUS. Gen. pi. 767. (Portulacex.) Calix 1-leaved, border 5-cleft. Stamina in- serted upon the calix. Corolla none. Seeds 1 or % included in the calix.—Nutt. annuus. l. S. calix of the ripe fruit with sharp spreading. teeth; stems spreading.—Smith. Icon.Fl. Dan. 504. Engl. Bot. 351. Knawel. German Knot-grass. A procumbent blue-green little plant, with flowers so incon- spicuous as to escape observation without close attention. In the sandy cultivated fields of Jersey, very common; near the grave yard on the Schuylkill, close to Market-street bridge, sparingly. Annual. May to July. ORDER III. TRIGYNIA. 212. CUCUBALUS. Gen. pi.771. (Caryophyllex.) Calix inflated or campanulate, 5-toothed, Petals 5, unguiculate, naked, or partly crowned at the orifice. Capsule 3-celled. —Nutt. DECANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. 211 1. C ]»ubescent, erect; leaves verticillate in four's, steiiatus. oval-lanceolate, long, acuminate.—Willd. and Pursh. Silene stellata, Ait. Icon. Bot. Mag. 1107. Four-leaved Campion. A tall, weak, slender and handsome plant, with verticillated leaves and fringed white flowers. In shady thickets and in woods, among under-shrubbery ; common. Perennial. July August. 213. SILENE. Gen. pi. 772. (Caryophyllex.) Calix cylindric or conic. Petals 5, unguicu- late, generally crowned at the orifice. Cap- sule three-celled.—Nutt. 1. S. clammy-pubescent; leaves cuneate, those ofpenmyiva- the stem lanceolate; partial stems few-flower- mc ed; petals slightly emarginate, subcrenate.— Mich. S. Virginica, Willd.? S. Caroliniana, Walt. Pennsylvania Catchfly. Wild Pink. A small semi-procumbent plant, with pale rose-coloured flowers. Upper part of the stems, peduncle, and tube of the corolla very viscid, so as to catch and retain little insects, dirt, &c ; hence the name catchfly. In the sandy woods and bor- ders of sandy fields of Jersey, every where common. Peren- nial. May, June. 2. S. decumbent (?) whole plant viscid-pubescent; Virginia. * leaves oblong, margin roughish; panicle dicho- tomous, petals bifid, the organs exserted.—Mich. S. Catesb?ei, Walt, and Willd., perhaps of Muhl ? Icon. Catesby. Car. 2. t. 4. Pluk. aim. t. 203. f. 1. Crimson or tall Catchfly. A fine plant, about eighteen inches or two feet high, with beautiful crimson flowers. I have specimens given me by the late professor Barton, who shewed Mr. Collins the only loca- 212 DECANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. lity where he found this scarce plant. In a shady moist wood, not far from Rouse's lane, in the Neck; Mr. Collins. Peren- nial. June. Antirrhina. 3. S. leaves lanceolate-subciliate, peduncles tri- fid, petals emarginate, calices ovate.— Willd. Icon. Dill. elth. t. 313. f. 403. (Pursh.) Snapdragon Catchfly. About fourteen or eighteen inches high. Capsules inflated, and the upper part of the stem and small branches covered at intervals of about an inch or two, with a coat of brown viscid gummy substance, which looks like tar. This is a con- stant character of the plant, as I have seen in Maryland and Virginia. I was there informed that the chimney birds used fragments of the plant containing this clammy glue, in build- ing their nests. I know nothing of the reputed fact. Flow- ers open early in the morning. On the sandy woods of Jersey, and in similar places west side of the Schuylkill, above the falls. Rare.' Annual. June. 214. STELLARIA. Gen. pi. 773. (Caryophyllex.) Calix 5-leaved, spreading. Petals 5, bipar- tite. Capsule ovate, 1-celled, many-seed- ed, summit 6-toothed.—Nutt. puoera. 1. S. pubescent; leaves sessile, ovate-ciliate, pe- dicels erect, petals longer than the calix—Mich. Oval-leaved Star-wort. Flowers as in all the species, white. On the woody hills bor- dering the Schuylkill, every where common. Perennial. May. media. 2. S. leaves ovate, smooth, stems procumbent, with an alternate lateral hairy line.—Smith. Alsirie media, Sp. PI. Icon. Engl. Bot. 573. Fl. Dan. 438 & 525. Common Chickweed. Every person knows Chickweed, and it would be difficult to say where it does not grow. It flowers during nearly all the year. The number of stamina Yaries from three to five or ten. Annual. DECANDRIA, TRIGYNIA. 213 3. S. leaves linear-lanceolate,entire; panicle ter-6>'an»nei»- minal, spreading; calix three nerved, about equal to the petals.—Smith. S. graminca, Smith and Withering. S. longifoiia, Muhl. S. arvensis, Hoffman. S. Dilleniana, Mcench. Grass-leaved or Long-leaved Star-wort, or Stich- wort. From one foot to fourteen inches high, stem slender and weak. In meadows among grass, common. On the banks of the Schuylkill, west side, just below Market-street bridge, abundant. Annual? June. 4. S. stem diffuse, procumbent, very much branch- uiiginosa. ed; leaves lanceolate, ciliated and narrower at the base, peduncles ternate, lateral, the inter- mediate one-flowered, lateral, dichotomous, few- flowered.— Roth. Germ. I. 191. II. 489. S. uiiginosa, Schreb. and Roth. S. Alsine, Hoffman, Willd., Pers., and Muhl. Bog Star-wort or Stichwort. Fountain Chickweed. A small procumbent species, with flowers about the size of those of No. 2. In wet ground near springs, and on the wet borders of rivulets and meadow-drains; not unfrequent. June. 215. ARENARIA. Gen.pi. 774. (CaryophyUex.) Calix 5-leaved, spreading. Petals 5, entire. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded.—Nutt. 1. A. stem dichotomous, diffuse; leaves ovate-serpyiiifoha. acute, subciliate; calices acute, substriate, petals shorter than the calix.— Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Fl. Dan. 977. 214 DECANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. Thyme-leaved Sand-wort. A small branching species, with little white flowers. Every where common in sandy soil. Annual. From May till autumn. ORDER V. PENTAGYNIA. 216. SPERGULA. Gen. pi. 798. (Caryophyllex.) Calix 5-leave'd. Petals 5, entire. Capsule ovate, 1-celled, 5-valved. anensis. i. S. leaves filiform, verticillate; panicle dichoto- mous, stalks of the fruit reflexed; seeds reni- form, angular, rough.—Smith. Icon. Fl. Dan. 1033. Engl. Bot. 1535. Corn Spurrey. About eight or ten inches high. In sandy fields and roads of Jersey; very scarce. Annual. June, July. •aginoides. 2. S. leaves opposite, subulate, naked; peduncles solitary, very long, smooth.—Smith. Icon. Engl. Bot. 2105. Pearl-wort Spurrey. A very small plant, seldom exceeding three inches in height, and often flowering when only three quarters or an inch high. In sandy grass-plots of Jersey, not unfrequent, though from its minuteness, easily overlooked. Annual. June, July. 217. CERASTIUM. Gen. pi. 797. (Caryophyllex.) Calix 5-leaved. Petals 5, bifid or emargin- ate ; Capsule 1-celled, bursting at the summit, 10-toothed. *uigatum. 1. C. hirsute, viscid, cespitose; leaves ovate; pe- DECANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. 215 tals oblong, nearly equal to the calix; flowers longer than the peduncle.— Willd. and Smith. Icon. Engl. Bot. 789. Common or broad-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. In fields and in grassy banks; frequent. Annual. April, June. 2. C. hirsute, viscous, diffuse; leaves lanceolate- viscosum. oblong, a little obtuse, petals obovate, hardly longer than the calix, flowers shorter than the peduncle.— Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Engl. Bot. 790. Narrow-leaved or Clammy mouse-ear Chickweed. In cultivated fields and pastures, common. Annual. All summer. 3. C. hirsute, viscid; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, sernWecan- petals shorter than the calix, emarginate; pe- duncles longer than the calix, flowers pentan- drous.—Willd. Icon. Engl. Bot. 1630. Least mouse-ear Chickweed. A small species, frequent on the grassy commons of Jersey. Annual. May, June. 4. C. softly pubescent and viscid, erect; leaves J,°^P£dun- elongated, distant, linear-oblong, acute; petalscu oblong, bifid at the point, longer than the calix; peduncles at length much longer than the flow- ers, at first shorter.—Obs. stems nearly sim- ple and erect, several from the same root, often a foot high, remarkably viscid above. Radical leaves spathulate, all rather acute, cauline sub- amplexicaule, linear-oblong, sublanceolate, plai- ted at the point, often 2 inches long, and only 3 lines broad. Flowers terminal, subpanicu- 216 DECANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. late; petals linear-oblong. Stamina 10, 5 al- ternately longer. Styles 5, short. Capsule dou- ble the length of the calix, 10-toothed, oblong- cylindric, teeth acuminate.—Nutt. C. longepedunculatum, Muhl. L. glutinosum, Nutt. Gen. Am. PI. vol. 1. p. 291. Clammy, or long peduncled Mouse-ear Chickweed. This and No. 6, are perhaps the only indigenous species. In cultivated fields, every where very common. Annual. May. arveme. g. C. pubescent, cespitose; leaves linear-lanceo- late, obtuse, ciliated at the base; petals obcor- dae, twice the length of the calix; calicine fo- lioles obtuse.—Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Fl. Dan. 628. Engl. Bot. 93. Large-flowered Mouse-ear Chickweed. A pretty species. Flowers large, and in this, (as in all the preceding,) white. On the banks of the Schuylkill and Dela- ware, principally on and among rocks and hills. Perennial. May to July. 218. AGROSTEMMA. Gen. pi. 795. ( Caryophyllex.) Valix 1-leaved, tubulous, coriaceous, sum- mit 5-cleft. Petals 5, unguiculate; limb obtuse, and undivided. Capsule 1-celled, with a 5-toothed opening.—-Nutt. Giti.ago. i. A. hirsute; calix longer than the corolla, pe- tals entire, naked.—Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 576. Engl. Bot. 741. Githago segetum, Desfontaines. Cockle. This well known plant, with handsome purple flowers, is very common among grain in corn-fields. It often ap- pears wild, along the borders of cultivated fields. Annual. June, July. DECANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. 217 219. OXALIS. Gen. pi. 794. (Gerania.) Calix 5-leaved, persistent. Petals 5, partly connected at the claws. Stamina unequal, connected at the base, 5 of them alternate- ly shorter. Capsule pentangular, 5-celled, bursting at the angles. Seeds covered by an elastic arillus.—Nutt. 1. O. stemless; scape umbelliferous, pedicels sub- vioiaeea, pubescent, flowers nutant, leaves ternate, ob- cordate, smooth; segments of the calix callous at the apex, styles shorter than the external stamens.— Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 102. f. 4. Violet Wood-sorrel. A very beautiful and delicate plant, with reddish-purple flowers. It sometimes blooms a second time in autumn, when the scape appears without leaves. In shady woods, at the roots of trees, and on the sides of rich hills. Rare. Perennial. May. 2. O. whole plant puhescent; stem branched, dif-comicuiata. fused, or procumbent; radicant, peduncle sub- umbellate, shorter than the petiole; leaves ter- nate, ob-cordate, styles the length of the interior stamens.—Willd. O. pusilla, Salisb. Icon. Salisb. in. Act. Soc. Linn. Lond. 2. t. 23. f. 5. Fellow-sorrel. Common-sorrel. Found every where on the borders of cultivated fields, and well known under the above name. Flowers yellow. Annual. All summer. 3. O. stem erect, branched, peduncle umbellife-«tricta. rous, shorter than the petiole; leaves ternate, ob-cordate, corollas obtuse, styles the length of the interior stamens.—Willd. 20 218 DECANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. 0. ambigua, Salisb. in Act. Soc. Linn. Lond. 2. t. 23. f. 4. 0. comicuiata, Fl. Dan. t. 873. Icon. Jacq. oxal. t. 4. (Pursh.) Likewise known by the name of sorrel. In similar places with No. 2, which it resembles very much. Perennial. June, July. 220. PENTHORUM. Gen. pi. 790. (Sempervivx.) Calix 5 to 10 cleft. Petals 5 or wanting. Capsule with 5 cusps, and 5 cells, cells dividing transversely, many-seeded; seeds minute.—Nutt. sedoides. 1. P. stem branched, angular; leaves lanceolate, subsessile, unequally deeply serrate; spikes ter- minal, paniculate, alternate and cymosc ; seeds scrobiform.—Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Act. Ups. 1744. t. 2. American Penthorum. About twelve inches high; flowers pale-yellow. In ditches and swamps, or boggy-ground, common. Perennial. June, July. 221. SEDUM. Gen. pi. 789. (Sempervivx.) Calix 5-cleft. Petals 5. Five nectariferous scales at the base of the germ. Capsules 5, superior, many-seeded; opening inter- nally.—Nutt. tematum. l. S. small, repent; leaves flat, rotund-spathu- late, ternate; cymes sub-3-spiked, flowers ses- sile, octandrous.—Mich. S. saxatilis, floribus albis, &c. Clayt. Virg. 891. S. Amerianum, Herb. Banks. DECANDRIA, DECAGYNIA. 219 Three-leaved Stone-crop. A small succulent plant, with white flowers, appearing to grow wild in the woods, back of Gray's ferry gardens. Peren- nial. May, June. ORDER VI. DECAGYNIA. 222. PHYTOLACCA. Gen. pi. 800. (Polygonex.) Calix 5-leaved, petaloid. Berry superior, 10-celled, 10-seeded. 1. P. leaves ovate, acute at each end; flowers de- decandra. candrous decagynous.—Willd. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 225. f. 3. Poke. Poke-weed. A well-known, large, rank herbaceous plant, with white flowers Berries deep blackish-purple. Possesses medicinal virtues. The young shoots are eaten as asparagus, but when too old are apt to affect the stomach seriously. On the bor- ders of fields, and in wastes. Perennial. June, July. ICOSANDRIA. PRUNUS. LYTHRUM. CUPHEA. AGRIMONIA. CRAT^GUS. ARONIA. PYRUS. SPIR^A. GILLENIA. ROSA. RUBUS. GEUM. POTENTILLA. FRAGARIA. 20* <• [ 222 ] CLASS XI.—ICOSANDRIA. ORDER I. MONOGYNIA. 223. PRUNUS. Gen. pi. 849. (Rosacex.) Calix inferior, 5-cleft, deciduous. Petals 5. Style terminal. Drupe even, nut with a somewhat prominent suture.—Nutt. virginiana. 1. P. flowers racemous; racemes erect,elongated, leaves deciduous, oval-oblong, acuminate, un- equally doubly-toothed, every where smooth, petioles nearly four-glandulous.—Willd. and Pursh. P. rubra, Ait. Cerasus Virginiana, Mich. f. Arb. forest. Icon. Willd. arb. t. 5. f. 1. (Pursh.) Mich. Abrcs. forest, vol. 3. p. 151. t. 6. Wild Cherry-tree. Choke Cherry. This very elegant tree is much valued for its handsome wood, which is useful for ornamental furniture; and for its medicinal properties, which are tonic. Flowers numerous, white. Berries crow-black. In Jersey, and on the west side of the Delaware; frequent. April, May. serotina. 2. P. flowers racemous; racemes loose, leaves deciduous, simply serrate, lower serratures sub- glandulous, middle rib bearded towards the base.—Willd. P. serotina, Willd. Sp. PI. 2. p. 986., not P. serotina, of Roth, catalect. 1. p. 58. P. Virginiana, Mill. diet. Icon. Willd. arb. t. 5. f. 2. Wangh. amer. 1.14. f. 33. » ICOSANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 223 Wild Cherry. This species resembles the preceding exceedingly, and by Michaux f. is considered the same, for he has only figured the Prunus (Cerasus) Virginiana. The bearded pubescence near the middle rib of the leaves underneath, is a good discriminating mark. With No. I, in moist places, and near waters, common. Flowers white, berries red. June. 3. P. leaves oval-oblong, acuminate, membrana-borcaiis. ceous, glabrous; flowers subcorymbose; fruit red.—Mich.f. Cerasus borealis, Mich. f. Arb. forest. Prunus Pennsylvanica, Muhl. ? Icon. Mich. f. Arb. forest, vol. 3. p. 159. t. 8. Small Cherry. Red Cherry. Choke Cherry. A small and very handsome tree when in flower. Flowers white, berries red, somewhat astringent. Branches beset with rough thorns. On the borders of Cooper's Creek, Jersey, abundant. On the bank walk from the Navy yard to Glouces- ter point. May. 224. LYTHRUM. Gen. pi. 825. (Salicarix.) Calix 6 to 12-toothed, tubular. Petals 0, equal, inserted upon the calix. Capsule superior, 2 to4-celled, many-seeded. (Sta- mina 2, 6, 8, 10, and in some species 12.) —Nutt. 1. L. pubescent; leaves opposite, lanceolate, pe-verticiUatum. tiolate; flowers axillary, corymbose, subverticil- late, crowded, decandrous; fruit globose.—- Willd. and Pursh. Decodon aquaticum, Gmel. Syst. 677. Anonymos aquatica, Walt. Whorled Loosestrife. Grass-Polley. A very fine plant, from two to four feet high. Flowers pur- ple. In a boggy piece of ground close to the deep swamp in the vicinity of Kaighn's point, Jersey, abundant. On the Wis- sahickon ; scarce. Perennial. July, August. 224 ICOSANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 225. CUPHEA. Brown. Jacq. hort. 2. p. 83. (Salicarix.) Calix ventricose, tubular, 6 to 12-toothed, unequal. Petals 6, generally unequal, in- serted upon the calix. Capsule with the calix bursting longitudinally, 1-celled. Seeds few, lenticular, imbricated.—Nutt. riscosissimn. 1. C. viscose; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate-ob- long, flowers 12-androus, lateral, solitary, very shortly pedunculated.—Willd. Sp. pi. 2. p. 870. and Pursh. Balsamona Pinto, Vandell. fasc. t. 3. (Pursh.) Lythrum Cuphea, L. supp. 249. L. petiolatum, Willd. Sp. PI. 2. p. 867. Icon. Jacqu. hort. 2. t. 177. Clammy Cuphea. From ten to fifteen inches high. Flowers deep purple. Petioles reddish-brown. Whole plant viscous, and covered in the autumn by the pappus of Syngenesious plants, which is wafted by the winds in contact with the viscous matter of the plant and there retained. This plant covers whole fields near Lancaster. Near this city it is very rare. On the margins of the roads through the woods, west of Belmont. Annual. Sep- tember. ORDER II. DIGYNIA. 226. AGRIMONIA. Gen. pi. 830. (Rosacex.) Calix inferior, 5-toothed, caliculate, exter- nally setigerous about the middle; setae uncinate. Petals 5, inserted upon the ca- lix. Seeds 2, inclosed in the base of the calix.—Nutt. ICOSANDRIA, DIGYNIA. 225 1. A. hirsute; leaves interruptedly pinnate, theEupatoria. odd one petiolate, folioles obovate, narrowlyelhirsutQ- cut-dentate, smoothish; spikes virgate, flowers subsessile, petals twice the length of the calix; fruit ob-conic, divaricate-hispid, nearly smooth at the base.— Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Fl. Dan. 580. Curt. Lond. 32. Hairy Agrimony. Wliole plant smooth. 0glabra. Smooth Agrimony. From eighteen inches to two feet high. Flowers very small, yellow. The two varieties constantly appear. On the edges of woods and along the fences of fields, and grassy en- closures, very common. Perennial. June, July. 2. A. hirsute; leaves interruptedly pinnate, the pwviflora. odd one sessile, most of the leaves linear-lan- ceolate, cut-serrate; spikes virgate, flowers very shortly pedicellate, petals half the length of the calix; fruit subrotund, divaricate-hispid. —Willd. Smallflowered or Spotted Agrimony. Resembles No. 1, var. 0, very much. Flowers very small, yellow. Grows in similar places. Perennial. June, July. 227. CRATAEGUS. Gen. pi. 854. (Rosacex.) Calix 5-cleft. Petals 5. Styles 1 to 5. Fruit a farinaceous berry, or small apple pro- ducing 2 to 5 bony seeds, or nuts.—Nutt. 1. C. thorny; leaves obovate, cuneiform, subses- cms gain. sile, shining, coriaceous; corymbs compound, calicine folioles lanceolate, subserrate, flowers digynous.— Willd. C. hyemalis, Walt. C. lucida, Ehrh. Icon. Trew. ic. rar. 2. t. 17. 226 ICOSANDRIA, DIGYNIA. Cocks-spur Hawthorn. A fine large shrub, remarkable for its deep-green shining foliage. Flowers white. Berries small, red. Thorns very large and strong. In natural hedges, Jersey, opposite Southwark, and not far from the Delaware. Not common. b_ . April, May. oxyeantha. 2. C. leaves obtuse, subtrifid, serrate, smooth; flowers digynous, peduncles and calices nearly smooth, calicine segments lanceolate, acute. —Willd. Common Qjiickset. Introduced, but frequenUy found in hedges, and on the borders of fields, apparently naturalized. Flowers white. h May- spathuiata? 3. C. leaves subcuneate-oval, serrate, shortly petio- late, pubescent; branchlets conspicuously pubes- cent; flowers nearly solitary, calices villose. Bart. Prod. FL Ph. A scarce species, found occasionally in thickets in Jesey, and along the banks of the Schuylkill. Mowers white. lj . May. roccinea. 4# spinosc; leaves cordate-ovate, cut-augular- smooth, sharply serrate, petioles and calices pu- bescent, glandular, petals orbicular, flowers 5- gynous.— Willd. and Pursh. Mespilus aestivalis, Walt. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 46. f. 4. A very fine shrub, from four to seven feet high. Flowers white. Berries large, scarlet. In similar places with the pre- ceding, but rare, lj. April. ICOSANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. 227 ORDER IV. PENTAGYNIA. 228. ARONIA. Persoon. (Rosacex.) Calix 5-toothed. Petals 5. Berry inferior 5 to 10-celled; cells 1 or 2-seeded. Seeds cartilaginous.—Nutt. 1. A. thornless; leaves obovate-oblong, acute, arbutiibiia. crenate-dentate, tomentose beneath; the rachis glandulous above, flowers corymbose; calices to- mentose.—Willd. and Pursh. Crataegus pyrifolia, Lamark. Mespilus arbutifolia, Sp. PI. 685. M. arbutifolia, var. * erythrocarpa, Mich. M. pumila, Schmidt. Arb. 88. (Pursh.) Pyrus arbutifolia, « Willd. P. arbutifolia: erythocarpa, Muhl. Aronia pyrifolia, Pers. Icon. Mill. ic. 109. (Pursh.) Arbutus-leaved Aronia. Red-fruited Medlar, or Swamp-service. This fine little shrub is very ornamental to the swamps and bogs of Jersey, in which it is so common. It is about three feet high. Flowers white. Berries red. lj . May. 2. A. thornless; leaves obovate-oblong, acumi-meianocarpa. nate, senate, glabrous below; rachis glandulous above; flowers corymbose; calices glabrous.— Willd. enum. Crataegus arbutifolia, Lamark. Mespilus arbutifolia, Schmidt, arb. 86. M. arbutifolia, /3. meianocarpa, Mich. Pyrus arbutifolia: meianocarpa, Muhl. Aronia arbutifolia, Pers. 228 ICOSANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. Black-fruited Medlar, or Swamp-service. A shrub, from eighteen inches to two feet high, resembling No. 1, very closely; easily distinguished, however, by the un- der side of the leaves being glabrous, and the fruit black, in the present species. Berries about the size of tfie largest whortle-berries, and quite black. In the bogs and swampy thickets of Jersey, every where common, b,. May. arborea. 3, a. without thorns; leaves oblong-elliptic, cus- pidate, the old ones smooth; flowers racemose, petals linear-lanceolate, germs pubescent, cali- cine segments smooth.—Willd. Crataegus racemosa, Lamark. Mespilus Canadensis, Sp. PI. 685. M. Canadensis, /3 cordata, Mich. Fl. Am. M. arborea, Mich. f. Arb. forest. Pyrus Botryapium, Willd. Aronia Botryapium, Pers. Icon. Mich. f. Arb. forest, vol. 3. p. 68. June-berry. Snowy-medlar. Wild Pear-tree. Wild-service. This is an elegant, small tree, which ornaments the banks of our rivers and creeks, swampy woods and thickets, by its profusion of snow-white flowers, in the month of April, and beginning of May. The young leaves are folded and downy on the under side. When old, they become smooth underneath. Berries black. April. 229. PYRUS. Gen. pi. 858. (Rosacex.) Calix 5-cleft. Petals 5. Apple large and carnose, inferior, 5-celled, many-seeded. coronana. 1. P. leaves broad-oval, round at the base, near- ly angular, serrate, smooth, peduncles corym- bose.—Willd. and Pursh. Malus coronaria, Mich. f. Arb. forest. ICOSANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. 229 Common Crab-apple. Sweet-scented Crab-tree. This magnificent tree, equally interesting for its elegant and fragrant flowers, and the fine fruit it yields for preserving, may be ranked foremost among the trees of America. On the borders of woods, and in fields. Flowers rose-red; very numerous. May. 230. SPIR.EA. Gen. pi. 862. (Rosacex.) Calix spreading 5-cleft, inferior. Petals 5, equal, roundish. Stamina numerous ex- serted. Capsules 3 to ±2, internally bi- valve, each 1 to 3-seeded.—Nutt. 1. S. leaves lanceolate, narrowly serrate, gla-aiba. brous; racemes terminal, compound, panicu- late; flowers 5-gynous.—Willd. S. alba, Ehrh. and Muhl. S. salicifolia, Willd. Icon. Mill. ic. t. 257. f. 2. A fine shrub, about four feet high, often cultivated in gar- dens. It grows wild, in thickets on the shores of the Dela- ware, Jersey side.on the bank walk from Kaighn's point to the next ferry below. It is abundant in that locality, but I have not found it elsewhere. ^ . June, July. 2. S. leaves ovate, lobate, duplicate-toothed oropuutoiia. crenate, glabrous; corymbs terminal, crowded with flowers; flowers trigynous, capsules in- flated.— Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Schmidt. Arb. 32. Rob. ic. 134. Comm. hort. 1. t. 87. (Pursh.) Nine-bark. This very elegant shrub, about six feet high, is familiarly known to most persons by the above common name, or by that of seven-bark, from the number of lamellae of the bark, from the cortex to the liber. Flowers white, numerous. Cap- sules bright crimson-red, which renders the shrub exceeding- ly ornamental in fruit, as it certainly is in flower. It richly hierits cultivation in gardens. On the banks of the Delaware, very abundant; also near swampy thickets bordering the ri- 230 ICOSANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. ver, Jersey side especially, frequent. It is also found on the banks of the Schuylkill. lj . June, July. 231. GILLENIA. Moench. (Rosacex.) Calix subcampanulate, border 5-toothed. Co- rolla partly unequal. Petals 5, lanceolate, attenuated, coarctate at the claws. Stami- na fewer, included. Styles 5, contiguous; stigmas capitate. Capsule 5-celled ; cells 2-seeded.—Nutt. trifoUata, l. G. leaves ternate, lanceolate, serrate, nearly equal; stipules linear, entire; flowers terminal, loosely paniculated, 5-gynous; calix tubulose- campanulate.—Willd. Spiraea trifoliata, Willd., Mich., Muhl., &c. Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. t. 5. Bot. Mag. 489. Indian Physic. About two or three feet high. This fine plant is very inte- resting on account of its medicinal virtues, which are actively emetic. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) Flowers white, or rarely tinged with peach-blossom-red. Flower-buds rose-coloured. In shady woods and thickets near streams, west of the Dela- ware, common. Perennial. June, July. 232. ROSA. Gen. pi. 863. (Rosacex.) Calix urceolate, carnose, contracted at the orifice, border 5-cleft. Petals 5. Seeds many, hispid, attached to the inside of the calix.—Nutt. pawiflora. x. R. germs depressed-globose, and peduncles his- pid ; petioles pubescent, subaculeate; stem gla- brous, stipular prickles upright; folioles ellip- tic-lanceolate, simply serrate, glabrous; flowers sub-paired.—Willd. and Pursh. R. Carolina, Du. Roi. harbk. 2. p. 335. and Mich. R. Pennsylvanica, Wangh...Amer. p. 113. (Pursh.) R. humilis, Marshall, Arb. 285. ICOSANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. 231 Small Wild-rose. A very pretty little species, found commonly along the fences of fields, and edges of woods and thickets, and in and about neglected stone quarries. Seems to delight in a dry soil. About fourteen inches, or two feet high. Flowers pale rose- red. b_. June, July. 2. R. germs globose, and peduncles hispid; pe- corymbosa. tioles hairy, subaculeate; stem glabrous, stipu- lar-prickles near an inch long; folioles (5-7) oblong-lanceolate, acute, narrowly serrate, glau- cous beneath; flowers corymbose.—Willd. and Pursh. R. corymbosa, Ehrh. and Muhl. R. Virginiana, Du Roi. harbk. 2. p. 353. (Pursh.) R. Pennsylvania, Mich. R. Carolina, Pursh. Icon. Andrews's roses. Miss Lawr. roses, 3. 24. 36. 54. 66. 68. (Pursh.) Swamp-rose. A very elegant and tall species, frequently attaining a height of six feet. Flowers deep-red. In the swampy thickets bor- dering the Delaware, particularly the Jersey side, four or five miles below the city. 12 . July, August. 3. R. germs ovate, and peduncles hispid; petioles rubiginosa. and stem prickly; prickles recurved; folioles ovate, glandulous, hairy beneath.—Ait., Kew., and Willd. arb. R. suaveolens, Pursh. R. Eglanteria, Du Roi. and Mill. Diet. R. suavifolia, Lightfoot. R. Eglanteria Americana, Andrews's roses. Icon. Andrews's roses. Sweet-briar. No shrub is better known, or more universally admired and valued, than this. The spicy fragrance of the leaves is grate- ful to every person, and there are few gardens without a shrub 232 ICOSANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. or two of Sweet-briar. Found wild, occasionally, along fences. Flowers small, b.. May, June. 233. RUBUS. Gen pi. 864. (Rosacex.) Calix 5-cleft inferior. Petals 5. Berry com- pound; acini 1-seeded. viiiosns. 1. R. pubescent, hispid and prickly; leaves 3-5 digitate, folioles ovate-oblong, acuminate, ser- rate, every where pubescent; stems and peti- oles prickly, calix short, acuminate, raceme loose, pedicels solitary.—Willd. and Pursh. Common Blackberry-bush. This well known species affords a fine flavoured fruit. The plant itself, and the fruit are equally medicinal. In dry soil forming extensive thickets, every where. In neglected fields, frequent. \. June, July. striffos.u. 2. R. without thorns, stiffly hispid; folioles 3 or pinnate-quinate, oval, obtuse at the base, acumi- nate, lineate and covered with a white tomentum underneath; calices acuminate, flowers at the ends of the branches, axillary and solitary, pe- duncles and calices hispid.—Mich. R. Pennsylvania, Lamark. Red-fruited Raspberry. The fruit of this shrub, is well known under the name of wild red raspberries. It is very pleasant and much esteemed. In Jersey, near Woodbury, not common. \ . June, July. euneifoiius. 3. R. branches, petioles and peduncles tomentose, sparingly set with recurved prickles; leaves 3—5 digitate, folioles cuneate, obovate, unequally den- date above, plaited, margin very entire and re- volute, tomentose underneath; racemes termi- nal, paniculate, pedicels divaricate, and nearly naked.—Pursh. R. parvifolius, Walt, and Muhl. ICOSANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. 233 Small-leaved Blackberry. About three feet high, well described above. Berries not unpleasant when mature. Along field-fences in Jersey, and forming little thickets in sandy neglected fields or commons; not unfrequent. \ . June, July. 4. R. branches and petioles glaucous and prick- occidentaiis, ly ; leaves ternate, oval, acuminate, sublobate, duplicate-serrate, white-tomentose underneath; petioles terete, prickly recurved, racemes ter- minal.—Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Dill. elth. t.247. f. 319. (Pursh.) Black-raspberry. Thimble-berry. A very handsome species, about three or four feet high. Leaves light green above, white underneath. Stem very smooth and glaucous. In retired thickets with other species of Rubus, not unfrequent. The fruit which is known by the name of wild black-raspberry, is very sweet and delicious. It is brought abundantly to the Philadelphia market from the neighbouring country. b_ • May, June. 5. R. sarmentose-procumbent; petioles and pe- procumbens. duncles prickly and recurvedly hispid, stipules subulate; leaves ternate and quinate, oblong- oval, acute, unequally serrate, subpubescent, pedicels solitary, elongated, petals obovate three times the length of the calix.—Mich, and Pursh. R. procumbens, Muhl. R. trivialis, Mich., Willd., &c. Dewberry. Easily recognized from other species, by its procumbent and samentose habit. Fruit very large, oblong, and deliciously flavoured. It is quite medicinal. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) In old and neglected fields, very common. \ ■ 6. R. sarmentose-procumbent; stem terete, and flageiiaris. petioles recurvedly-prickly; leaves ternate, gla- brous, unequally serrate, the intermediate one ovate and cuneate at base, the lateral ones rhomboid.—Willd. ennm. and Pursh. 21* 234 ICOSANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. R. trivialis, Ait. Kew. ed. 2. t. 3. p. 269. A pretty procumbent species, with reddish, long, weak stems; small glabrous shining leaves ; and small white pretty flowers, with fugacious petals. Berries imperfectly matured, but few of the acini becoming ripe, but those that do, are not bad tasted. It creeps over a large space of ground in a thicket about a quarter of a mile north-east of Kaighn's point, Jersey, and close to the spot I have particularized, as the ha- bitat of Asclepias verticillata. I have found it no where else. \ . June, July. oJoratus. 7. R, without prickles, erect, clammy-hispid; leaves simple, acute, 3—5 lobed, corymbs ter- minal, divaricate, calices with apendices, petals suborbiculate.— Willd. Icon. Bot. Mag. 323. Sweet-scented Rubus. Rose-flowering Raspberry. This superb shrub is highly esteemed and cultivated in gardens. It does not resemble either of the preceding spe- cies. Flowers large, deep rose-red. Leaves large. The shrub is from four to five or six feet high. On the high woody banks of the Wissahickon, not far from Germantown. lj. June, July. 234. GEUM. Gen. pi. 867. (Rosacex.) Calix 10-cleft, inferior, segments alternately smaller. Petals 5. Seeds awned, awn naked or bearded, mostly geniculate.— Nutt. vireinianum. l. G. pubescent; radical and lower stem-leaves ternate, upper ones lanceolate, stipules ovate, nearly entire, flowers erect, petals shorter than the calix.—Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Murr. in Com. Goett. 5. p. 32. Virginian Bennet, or Avens. About two feet high- Flowers white, small. In copses of the Neck, and elsewhere; and also in thickets and among shrubbery; common. Perennial. July, August. ICOSANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. 235 2. G. pubescent; radical leaves pinnate, stem-album. leaves ternate, upper ones simple and trifid, lower stipules incised, flowers erect, petals length of the calix.— Willd. enum. and Pursh. G. Canadense, Jacq. G. Carolinianum, \Yalt. White Bennet. Same size as No. 1, which it resembles. Grows in similar places; also common. Perennial. July, August. 3. G. very hirsute; leaves all pinnate, foliolesasnmonoi- subequal, cut-dentate, stipules ovate, subentire; flowers erect, calicine segments subequal; pe- tals oval, the length of the calix.—Pursh. G. agriinonoides, Pursh. G. h'irsutum, Muhl.? G. laciniatum, Murr. in Com. Goett. ? I have found a large species of Geum on the banks of the Delaware, Jersey side, about three miles below Philadelphia, which appears to fit the above description. It is very hirsute, but the flowers are yellow. For the present I have referred it as above. Perennial. July. 235. POTENTILLA. Gen.pl. 866. (Rosacex.) Calix 10-cleft, inferior, spreading, 5 of the segments alternately smaller. Petals 5. Seeds mostly rugose, roundish, naked, attached to a small juiceless receptacle.— Nutt. 1. P. erect, branched, pubescent; stipules oval-Nor*egica, dentate; leaves ternate, rhombic-lanceolate, cut- dentate ; branches dichotomous, pedicels short, axillary, solitary; petals shorter than the calix. Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Fl. Dan. 171. 236 ICOSANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. Norway Cinquefoil. A large, ordinary looking plant, very much branched above. It is sometimes two feet ana more high. Flowers straw-yel- low ; petals caducous. In fields and in hedges, every where common. Annual. June, July. canadensis. 2. P. procumbent, somewhat branched, whitish- silky ; stipules ovate, incised, leaves quinate, cuncate-oboval, cut-dentate; stem adscendent, hirsute, peduncles solitary, elongated, calicine segments linear-lanceolate, petals orbicular, subentire, of the length of the calix.—Willd. Common Cinquefoil. A small species with dark yellow flowers. On commons and road-sides, every where frequent, but particularly abun- dant in Jersey. Perennial. May, August. simplex. 3. P. erect, simple, hirsute; stipules incised, leaves quinate, oblong-oval, deeply serrate, tip- per ones sessile peduncles axillary, solitary, elongated, one-flowered, calicine segments li- near-lanceolate, petals rotund, ob-cordate, lon- ger than the calix.—Mich, and Pursh. P. Caroliniana, Lamark ? About a foot high, easily distinguished from No. 2, by its one-flowered peduncles Flowers yellow. In meadows, rich grassy fields, and at the borders of hedges, frequent, but not so common as No. 2. Perennial. May to August, 236. FRAGARIA. Gen. pi. 865. (Rosacex.) Calix inferior, 10-cleft, 5 of the segments al- ternately smaller. Petals 5. Receptacle of the seed ovate and deciduous, becoming a berry. Seeds even.—Nutt. virginiana. 1. F. calix of the fruit spreading; hairs of the petiole erect, of the peduncles appressed; leaves smoothish above.—Willd. F. glabra, Duham. arb. 1. t. 5. ICOSANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. 237 Wild Strawberry. Every body knows the fruit of this vegetable, which, taken from plants favourably situated, is little inferior to the common garden or cultivated strawberry. The plant is also as well known. Perennial. April, May. 2. F. calix of the fruit reflexed, the pubescence ofvesca. the petioles very spreading, of the peduncles adpressed.— Willd. Icon. Engl. Bot. 1524. The common garden or cultivated strawberry, is very often found in the fields of Jersey, in those west of the Delaware, and along hedges, apparently wild. It is becoming naturaliz- ed, at least in this vicinity. Perennial. April, May. ADDENDA. To genus No. 170, p. 168, add the following species: Polygonatum pubescens; stem roundish, furrow- ed, exarate; leaves alternate, amplexicaule- ovate, pubescent beneath; peduncles axillary, sub-2-flowered.—Pursh. Convallaria pubescens, Willd. hort. berol. 45, with a figure. In Jersey, near this city; Mr. Nuttall. Under the genus Gyromia, p. 175, add the following synonym: Medeola Virginica. On examination of the Muhlenbergian Herbarium, it ap- pears that Crypta minima of Nuttall, p. 17, is really the same plant as Peplis Americana, of Pursh—a large specimen of the plant under the latter name being in the herbarium. Cyperus uncinatus of Pursh, p. 19, is, I find by specimens in the Muhl. Herb, the Cyperus reflexus, of Muhl. Cat. 2d. ed., and C fragrans, of ed. 1st. The plant is very odorous. ERRATA. Page 6, first line of observation to No. 6, for amorphous, read polymorphous. 7, under the head of Hemianthus, for Herpestris, read Herpestis. In the last line but one of the observation to the same head, for Eriocolon, read Eriocaulon. In third line from bottom of same observation, for teni- folium, read tenuifolium. 19, in the list of Genera, for Elusine read Eleusine; for Eriocolon, read Eriocaulon. 37, first line of observation on Eriophorum angustifolium, for JVb. 2, read No. 1. 70, Genus No. 64, for Elusine, read Eleusine. INDEX TO THE GENERA. A. Agrostis 42 Briza Anthoxanthum - 45 Bromus Alopecurus - 47 Bignonia - Aristida 53 Bartonia Andropogon 54 Baptisia Aira 56, 57 Balsamona - Avena 69 Arundo 70 Callitriche Anthopogon 71 Catalpa . igrostis 40, 41, 44 Cunila Arundo 44, 45 Cunila Avena 65 Collinsonia Aira 69 Circaea Asprella 72 Crypta Anychia 74 Cyperus - Andrewsia 89 Cenchrus Ammania - 91 Cinna Anagallis - 106 Calamagrostis Atropa 111 Crypsis Azalea - 113 Commelina - Ampelopsis - 118 Cyperus Apocynum - 129 Cornucopia Asclepias - 131 Cynosurus - Ammi - 138 Cephalanthus Angelica - 140 Cornus Atriplex 148 Centaurella Aralia 156 Centaurium - Allium 161 Cuscuta Aletris - 163 Cynoglossum Acorus 169 Convolvulus Anthericum 174 Calystegia - Alisma - 177 Calydermos Acer 184 Chironia - Andromeda - 197 Campanula - Alsine 213 Cissus - Arenaria 213 Ceanothus - Agrostemma 216 Celastrus Agrimonia - 224 Comandra - Aronia - 227 Cortusa 63 - 67 9 89 - 206 224 - 2 9 12 13 15 16 17 26 38 44 44 45 24 29 - 40 70 - 80 86 89 89 93 101 106 106, 158 - Ill 113 114 117 126 - 127 128 135 N. B. The words of the Index in italics are synonymous genera, and are only to be found under other generic terms. 4U INDEX TO THE OENEIIA. Conium - 139 G. Chxrophyllum • 141 Gratiola 7 Cicuta 143 Galium - - 81 Chxrophyllum - . 145 Gonolobus - 130 Chenopodium 148 Gentiana - - 134 Celtis - 151 Gyromia - 175 Caulophyllum 160 Gaura - 182 Convallaria - 167,168 Gaultheria - - 194 Chrysosplenium - 185 Gillenia 230 Chimaphila - 203 Geum - 234 Clethra - 204 H. Cassia 204 Hemianthus - - 7 Cercis - 206 Hedeoma - 13 Cucubalus - 210 Heteranthera - 23 Cerastium - 214 Holcus 57 Cuphea - 224 Herpestis - 7 Crataegus 225 Heritiera 22 Cratxgus - 227 Holcus - 57 D. Houstonia - 84 Dilatris - 22 Hamamelis . - 92 Dulichium - 29 Hydrophyllum 103 Digitaria 51 Hedera - 118 Danthonia - 65 Ileuchera . - 135 Dactylis 68 Hydrocotyle - 137 Dianthera - 10 Heracleum - - 139 Dilepyritm 39,40 Hypericum • 155 Dipsacus - 80 Hypoxis - - 162 Jlracontium 92 Hemerocallis . 164 Datura 111 Helonias - 172, 174 Drosera 115 Helonias . - 173 Daucus - 138 Hypopithys 200 Dianthus 209 Hydrangea - 207 Deco don - 223 I E. Iris . 20 Eriophorum - 36 Isnardia - . 85 Eleusine 70 Ilex - . 94 Elymus . 72 Itea . 118 Eriocaulon - 74 Impatiens - - 119 Eriophorum - 36 Justicia - 9 Euonymus - 126 Juncus . 169 Eryngium 135 K Erythronium 166 Kyllingia - 30 Epilobium - 183 Kalmia . 199 Epigaea - 200 L F. Ligustrum - 4 Fedia 20 Leptandra - 6 Fuirena 37 Lindernia . 8 Festuca - 65 Lycopus 12 Festuca 64 Lemna . 16 Floerkea 171 Leersia 41 Fragaria 236 | Lolium 73 INDEX TO THE GENERA. 241 Lechea 75 Proserpinaca 76 Lachnanthes 22 Peplis 17 Leptanthus 23,24 Pleuranthus 29 Ludwigia 85, 158 Phalaris 44 Ludivigia 86 Panicum 52 Lithospermum - 101 Paspalum 52 I/ithospermum 103 Paspalus 52 Lisimachia - 104 Poa - 63, 64 Linum 157 Plantago 88 Iieontice - 160 Pothos 92 Lilium 165 Potamogeton 95 Laurus - 192 Purshia - 102 Lythrum 223 Phlox 107 Lythrum - 224 Polemonium - - 108 M. Physalis - 110 Monarda 13 Panax - 136 Mariscus 30 Pastinaca 140 Muhlenbergia 39 Prinos - 161 Mollugo 73 Pontederia 163 JWariscus - 31 Polygonatum - - 168 Mhchella 84 Polygonum 186 Myosotis 100 Pyrola - 201 Menyanthes - 103 Pyrola - 203, 204 Myrrh is 141 Podalyria - 206 Maianthemum 167 Penthorum 218 Melanthium - 172 Phytolacca - 2ia Melanthium - 173,174 Prunus 222 Medeola - 175 Pyrus - - 227 Mattuschkea 177 Pyrus 228 Monotropa - 200 Potentilla - 235 JWmotropa 200 Q. Mitella - 208 Queria 73 Mespilus 227 R. N. Rhyncosphora 25 Nicandra - Ill Rhus - ^ 153 Nectris 172 Rumex 176 0. Rhexia 180 Obolarla 90 Rosa 230 Onosmodium 103 Rubus 232 OZnanthe - 142 S. Ornithogallum 164 Salvia 14 Orontium - 168 Sisyrinchium 22 CEnothera 181 Schollera 24 Oxycoccos - 184 Scirpus 31 Oxalis" 217 Stipa 53 P. Schanus . 25, 29, 30 Phleum 46 Scirpus r 29, 30, 36 Panicum - 47 Syntherisma 52 Pennisetum 51 Spermacoce - 83 Paspalum 52 Sagina b 89 Poa 58 Symplocarpus 91 22 242 INDEX TO THE GENERA. Solanum 109 Trich odium - 40 Sabbatia . 112 Tillaea - 94 Sanicula 137 Triosteum - 115 Sium . 141 Thaspium - 146 Sium 142 143 Tradescantia 160 Sison 141 142 Trillium - 175 Scandix 145 U. Smyrnium - 145 Utricularia - 10 Salsola 150 TJraspermum - 144 Sambucus . 153 Ulmus 150 Staphyllea 155 Uvularia - 166 Sarothra - 155 V. Smilacina 167 Veronica 4 Scheuchzeria . 174 Veronica - 6 Saururus 177 Valeriana 20 Sophora . 206 Verbascum - 111 Saxifraga 208 Vitis - 116 Saponaria • 209 Vitis 118 Scleranthus 210 Viola 119 Silene . 211 Viburnum - 151 Silene 211 Veratrum - 172 Stellaria . 212 Veratrum 173 Spergula 214 Vaccinium - 184 Sedum . 218 Vaccinium 194 Spiraea 229 W. Spirxa . 230 Windsoria 64 T. X. Trichophorum - ■ 36 Xyris - 25,97 INDEX TO THE ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES. A. American Justicia . 10 American W ater-horehound 12 Autumnal Scirpus . 34 Anthox, sweet . 45 Aristida, brandling or forked . . 53 Annual Meadow-grass 58 American Button-wood 80 Andrewsia, panicle-flow- ered . . 89 Alum-root . . 135 American Pennywort 137 Angelica, wild . 140 American Elm 150 American Nettle-tree 151 Arrow-wood . 152 Aralia, berry-bearing 156 Aralia, thorny . . 156 Angelica-tree . . 156 Alder, black . 161 American Dog's-tooth Violet . 166 Asparagus, wild . 168 Angle-stemmed Willow- herb . . 183 Ash-leaved Maple . 185 Aquatic Knot-weed . 188 Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb 189 American climbing Buck- wheat . . 190 Andromeda, evergreen or box-leaved . 197 Andromeda, oval-leaved 198 Andromeda, sweet scented 198 American Laurel . . 199 Alder-leaved Clethra . 204 American Senna . 205 Acoumack-pea . 205 American Bastard-sanicle 209 Avens, Virginian . 234 B. Brooklime . . 5 Bladder-wort, common 11 Bladder-wort, largest 11 Blue-flag, common . 21 Blue-eyed-grass, sword- pointed . . 23 Blue-eyed-grass,two-edged 23 Bog-rush, white . 25 Bog-rush, brown 26 Brown Bog-rush . 26 Bull-rush, tall . 33 Brown cotton-grass . 36 Bent-grass, upright . 42 Bent-grass, Mexican 42 Bastard Fiorin-grass 42 Branching Aristida . 53 Beard-grass, fringed 54 Beard-grass, purple ^ 55 Beard-grass, cluster-flow- ered . . 56 Beard-grass, slender-spiked 56 Broom-grass, common . 56 Blue-gTass . . 59 Blunt-flowered Meadow- grass ... 62 Broom-grass, cathartic . 68 Button-wood, American 80 Bluetts ... 84 Blue-berried Cornel . 87 Buck-bean, or Bog-bean, three leaved . . 104 Bulb-bearing Loosestrife 104 Bind-weed, large-flower- ed . . 106 Bind-weed, fiddle-leaved 107 Bitter-sweet . 109 244 INDEX TO THE Bell-wort, pointed-leaved 114 Bastard Ipecacuanha . 115 Bermudian Grape . 117 Burning-Bush, creeping- rooted . . .127 Bastard Toad-flax . 129 Butterfly-weed . . 134 Black-Haw . . 152 Bladder-Nut . 155 Berry-bearing Aralia . 155 Black-alder . . 161 Bethlehem-star, yellow 162 Brown Lily . . 164 Bell-wort, perfoliate . 167 Bell-wort, sessile-leaved 167 Bull-rush, small . 169 Blazing-star . . 173 Box-Elder . . 185 Bearded Knot-weed . 188 Bind-weed Polygonum 190 Black-bind-weed . . 190 Buckwheat, climbing ". 190 Buckwheat, American climbing . . 190 Blue-tangles . . 196 Blue-huckle-berries . 196 Black Whortle-berry . 196 Bilberry . . 196 Blue-berry . 196 Box-leaved Andromeda 197 Birds-nest, yellow or woolly . . 201 Bishop's-cap, two-leaved 209 Bastard Sanicle, American 209 Bruise-wort . . 209 Bouncing Bet . . 209 Bog Star-wort or Stichwort2r3 Blackberry bush, common 231 Black-raspberry . 233 Blackberry, small-leaved 233 Bennet, Virginian . . 234 Bennet, white . . 235 C. Common Speedwell . 5 Catalpa-tree. Catawba-tree 9 Common Bladder-wort . 11 Corri*Sallad . 20 Common Blue Flag . 21 Channel-grass, yellow flow- ered ... 24 Cyperus, yellow 26 Cotton-grass, brown . 36 Cotton-grass, Virginian . 37 Cockspur-grass . . 38 Cut-grass . 41 Cinna, reed-like . 44 Coloured Calamagrostis . 44 Calamagrostis, coloured 44 Calamagrostis, reed-like 45 Cockspur Panicum . . 47 Crab-grass, purple . . 52 Cluster-flowered beard- grass ... 56 Common Brown-grass . 56 Creeping Meadow-grass 59 Common Spear-grass . 60 Cheat . . 67 Cheat, many-flowered . 68 Cathartic Bvoom-grass . 68 Cinna-like Reed . . 70 Crab-grass . .71 Crop-grass . . 71 Crow-foot-grass . . 71 Carpet-chickweed . . 73 Chickweed, Indian 73 Cleavers, common -. 82 Catch-weed . . 82 Cleaver's-goose-grass . 82 Cross-branched Goose-grass 82 Creeping Mitchella . 85 Chequer-berry . . 85 Cornel, large-flowered . 86 Cornel, blue-berried . 87 Common Great-plantane. 88 Common Hound's-tongue 102 Cluster-flowered Loose- strife . . 104 Chickweed, red . 106 Creeping-rooted Jacob's- ladder . . 108 Centaury . . .113 Centry . . 113 Chicken-grape . 117 Common Creeper . 118 Creeper, common . 118 Creeping rooted Burning- bush . . 127 Climbing Celastrus . 128 Common Dog's-bane . 130 Carrot, wild . 137 Cicuta . . .139 Cow Parsnip . . , 139 ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES. 245 Chervil Canadian Honey-wort Chervil, procumbent Co-hosh Colic-root Copper-flowered Day lily 164 Convallary, two-leaved 167 Convallary^cluster-flower- ed . . . 168 Calamus . . .169 Channelled-leaved Helo- nias Cucumber, Indian Curled Dock . Common Dock Cranberry Common Knot-grass Climbing Buckwheat Clammy Whortle-berry Calico-tree or bush Creeping Epigaea Creeping Ground laurel Clethra, fragrant Cassia, dwarf Campion, four-leaved . Catchfly, Pennsylvania Crimson or tall Catchfly Catchfly, tall or Crimson Catchfly, Snapdragon . Chickweed, common . Common Chickweed Chickweed, fountain Corn Spurrey Cockle Cinquefoil, Norway Cinquefoil, common D. Dittany Duck-weed ? Duck-meat 5 Dulichium, sheathed Digitaria, erect Darnel ... Dogwood, pond Dyers' Goose-grass Dogwood . v . Dogwood, silky-leaved Dogwood, swamp Dodder Different-leaved Pond- weed . • -96 141 141 145 161 164 175 175 176 176 184 186 190 196 199 200 200 204 205 211 211 211 211 212 212 212 , 213 . 214 216 236 . 236 13 16, 17 . 29 . 52 73 80 82 86 . 87 87 . 93 Dulcamana . 109 Deadly Nightshade . 109 Dog's-bane . . 130 Dog's-bane, Tutsan-leaved 130 Dog's-bane, St. John's- wort-leaved . . 130 Day Lily, copper-flowered 164 Dog's-tooth Violet, Ameri- can . . . 166 Devils-bit . . .173 Drooping Star-wort . 173 Drooping three-leaved Nightshade . . 175 Dwarf Cassia . . 205 Dewberry . . 233 E. Enchanter's Nightshade . 16 Erect Muhlenbergia . 40 Erect Digitaria . . 52 Early-flowering Hair-grass 57 Elm, American . 150 Elm, white . 150 Elm,red ... 151 Elm, slippery . 151 Elder ... 153 Elder, poisonous . . 154 Evening Tree-primrose . 181 Evergreen Andromeda . 197 Epigaea, creeping . 200 Early Saxifrage . . 208 F. Field Speedwell . 5 Forget-me-not . . 5 Fleur-de-luce . . 21 Fragrant Cyperus, (Cyperus uncinatus, Pursh; fragrans, Muhl. alsoinflexus, Muhl.) 29 Fuirena, rough-headed . 37 Fiorin grass, bastard . 42 Forked Aristida . 53 Feather-grass, two coloured 54 Fringed Beard-grass . 54 Festuca, hairy-flowered . 66 Festuca, river . . 66 Fescue-grass, tall . 66 Fescue-grass, nodding . 67 Fescue-grass, short-leaved 67 Furrow-leaved, pond-weed 96 Field Scorpion-grass . 100 Field Gromwell . 101 Fever-wort . • 115 •22* 46 INDEX TO THE Fever-root, red-flowered 115 False Ipecacuanha . 115 Fox-grape . . 116 Fulvous-flowered Touch- me-not . .119 Field Rush . . 171 Flax-kaved Polygonum 187 Fever-bush . 192 Fragrant Clethra . 204 Four-leaved Campion . 211 G.. Germander . . 5 Golden Pert . . 8 Grass-leaved Schollera 24 Green Meadow-grass 60 Green-grass . 60 Globe-flowered Shrub 80 Goose-grass, three petal- ed . .81 Goose-grass, Dyer's 82 Goose-grass, Cleaver's 82 Goose-grass, cross-branch- ed 82 Goose-grass, hairy . 83 Gromwell, field . 101 Ground Pink . . 108 Gentian . . 115 Grape, fox . .116 Grape, summer . 117 Grape, winter . 117 Grape, chicken . .117 Grape, Bermudian 117 Ginseng . . 136 Ground Pine . . 155 Garlic, wild . 162 Golden Club . . 169 jGreen-flowered Hellebore 173 Golden Saxifrage, oppo- site-leaved . . 185 Glaucous-leaved Laurel 200 Ground Laurel, creep- ing .... 200 German Knot-grass . 210 Grass-leaved Star-wort, or Stichwort . 213 Garden Strawberry . 237 H. Hedge Hyssop, Virginian 8 Hooded Milfoil 11 Hornwort-leaved Hooded Milfoil 11 Hollow Mountain Mint 14 Horse Mint, (monarda punctata) . 14 Horse-weed . 15 Horse-balm . 15 Heteranthera, kidney- leaved . . 23 II edge-hog-grass . 38 I lair-grass, loose-flowered 40 Herds'-grass . . 43 Hair-grass, early-flowering 57 I lair-grass, obtuse-flower- ed . . 57 Hair-panicled Meadow- grass . . 59 Hairy Meadow-grass 59 Hairy-flowered Festuca 66 Hair-grass, three-flowered 77 Hairy Goose-grass . 83 Houstonia, sky-blue . 84 Hazel, witch . 93 Holly, opake-leaved (Ilex- opaca) . . 94 Hound's-tongue, officinal 102 Hound's-tongue, common 102 Hispid Purshia . . 103 Heart-leaved Loosestrife 105 Hog-potatoe . 107 Hairy Lychnidea . 108 Horse-nettle . . 110 Honey-suckle, wild 113 Hemp, Indian . 130 Hemlock . . 139 Honey-wort, Canadian 141 Halbert-Jeaved Orache 148 Heart-leaved Pontederia 163 Hellebore, green-flower- ed . 173 Helonias, channelled- leaved . .175 Halbert-leaved Tear- thumb . . 189 Huckle-berriee, sugar 196 Hydrangea, wild . 207 I. Indian-grass . 56 Indian Chickweed . 73 Innocence . 84 Indian Hemp . . 130 Indian Poke . . 173 | Indian Cucumber 175 ENGLISH AND VI Ivy-bush . . 199 Indian Physic . . 230 J. Justicia, American . 10 Jacob's-la'dder, creeping rooted . . 108 James'-town-weed . Ill Jerusalem Oak . 149 Jointed-leaved Knot-weed 189 Judas-tree . . 207 K. Knot-grass Speedwell 6 Knot-root . . 15 Kidney-leavedHeteranthera 23 Knot-grass, common 186 Knot-grass, upright 186 Knot-weed, Pennsylvania 187 Knot-weed, water-pepper 187 Knot-weed, bearded 188 Knot-weed, scarlet or aquatic . . 188 Knot-weed, jointed-leaved 189 Knawel . 210 Knot-grass, German 210 L Largest Bladder-wort 11 Lyre-leaved Sage . 15 Lettuce Valerian . 20 Lambs' Lettuce . 20 Low-water Star . 24 Loose-flowered Hair-grass 40 Largest Lechea . 75 t Lechea, largest . . 75 Lechea, lesser . 75 Lesser Lechea . 75 Ladies Bed-straw 81 Large-flowered Cornel 86 Love-vine 93 Loosestrife, cluster-flow- ered . . 104 Loosestrife, bulb-bearing 104 Loosestrife, heart-leaved 105 Large-floweredBind-weed 106 Lychnidea, spotted-stalked 107 Lychnidea, hairy . 108 Long-leaved Sun-dew 116 Lambs'-quarter . 148 Lily, Philadelphia . 165 Lily, superb . . 166 Lizard's-tail, nodding 177 Linear-leaved Willow-herb 183 ULGAR NAMES. Ladies' Thumb . 188 Low or bushy Whortle- berry . . 195 Laurel . . 199 Laurel, small . 200 Large Saxifrage . 208 Long-leaved Star-wort or Stichwort . 213 M. Male Speedwell . 5 Marsh Speedwell, narrow- leaved . . 5 Mountain Dittany . 13 Mountain Mint, hollow 14 Mariscus, rough-spiked 30 Muhlenbergia, spreading 39 Muhlenbergia, erect 40 Mexican Bent-grass 42 Meadow-grass, annual 58 Meadow-grass, hair-pani- cled . . 59 Meadow-grass, hairy 59 Meadow-grass, green 60 Meadow-grass, slender 62 Meadow-grass, blunt flow- ered . . 62 Many-flowered Cheat 68 Mitchella, creeping . 85 Mouse-ear Scorpion-grass 100 Marsh-trefoil . 104 Mechoacana . . 107 Mechameck . 107 Mullein . . 112 Mullein, white-moth 112 Mullein, yellow-moth 112 Milk-weed . . 131 Milk-weed, poke-leaved 132 Milk-weed, flesh-coloured 132 Milk-weed, variegated 133 Mealy-tree, plumb-leaved 152 Mealy-tree, pear-leaved 152 Mealy-tree, naked-cymed 152 Mealy-tree, tooth-leaved 152 Maple-leaved Mealy-tree 153 Mealy-tree, maple-leaved 153 Many-flowered Solomon's Seal . . 168 Maple, swamp . 185 Maple, red . . 185 Maple, scarlet . 185 Maple, silver-leaved 185 248 INDEX TO IHE Maple, white . 185 Maple, soft . 185 Maple, ash-leaved . 185 Mountain-tea . 194 Mouse-ear Chickweed, common or broad-leaved 215 Mouse-ear Chickweed, narrow-leaved . 215 Mouse-ear Chickweed, least . . 215 Mouse-ear Chickweed, clammy or long pedun- cled " . .216 Mouse-ear Chickweed, large-flowered . 216 N. Neck-weed . . 6 Nodding Fescue-grass 67 Nightshade, enchanter's 16 Nightshade, woody 109 Nightshade, deadly 109 New-Jersey Tea . 127 Nettle-tree, American 151 Naked-cymed Mealy-tree 152 Naked-stemmed Sarsapa- rilla . 156 Nodding Lizard's-tail "177 Nine-bark . 229 Norway Cinquefoil . 236 O. Oak-leaved Water-hore- hound . 12 Obtuse-flowered Hair-grass 57 Orchard-grass 68 Officinal Hound's-tongue 102 Oenothera, shrubby 182 CEnothera, scollop-leaved 182 Opposite-leaved Golden Saxifrage . . 185 Oval-leaved Andromeda 198 Officinal Soap-wort . 209 Oval-leaved Star-wort . 212 P. Privit, Prim, Print. . 4 Paul's Betony 5 Pennyroyal . . 13 Panicum, cock's-foot 47 Panic-grass, water . 48 Panic-grass, two-edged 48 Purple Crab-grass . 52 Paspalum, slender 52 Purple Beard-grass . 55 Pond Dogwood • 80 Partridge-berry . 85 Plantane, common great 88 Plantane, Virginian . 89 Panicled-flowered Andrew- sia . 89 Pole-cat-weed . . 92 Pond-weed, furrow-leaved 96 Pond-weed, different- leaved . . 96 Purshia, hispid . 103 Pimpernel, scarlet . 106 Potatoe-vine, wild 107 Phlox, spotted-stemmed 107 Pink, ground . . 108 Pink, wild . . 108 Pennsylvania Winter- cherry . . no Pointed-leaved Bell-wort 114 Perfoliate* Fever-root 115 Pale-flowered Touch-me- not . 119 Poke-leaved Milk-weed 132 Pleurisy-root . . 134 Pennywort, American 137 Pennywort, umbelled 137 Parsnip, cow . . 139 Parsnip, wild . 140 Procumbent Chervil 145 Plumb-leaved Mealy-tree 152 Pear-leaved Mealy-tree 152 Poison Shumach . 154 £ Poisonous Elder . . 154 *■ Poison Oak . 154 Poison Vine . . 154 Pigeon-weed . . 156 Pontederia, heart-leaved 163 Pickerel-weed . 163 Philadelphia Lily . 165 Perfoliate Bell-wort . 167 Plantane, water . 177 Polygonum, flax-leaved 187 Pennsylvania Knot-weed 187 Persicaria, tall . 188 Partridge-berry . 194 Pippsissewa . . 203 Pippsissewa, spotted- leaved . . 204 Pippsissewa, poison 204 Poison Pippsissewa 204 ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES. 249 Partridge Pea . 205 Pennsylvania Catchfly 211 Pearl-wort Spurrey 214 R. Rich-weed Rattle-weed Red-root Rough-spiked Mariscus Rush, three-sided Rough-headed Fuirena Rice-grass, Virginian Red-top Reed-like Cinna Reed-grass Reed-like Calamagrostis Rough-stemmed Spear- grass River Festuca Reed, cinna-like Rye-grass, Virginian Red Willow Rose Willow Rib-wort Red Chickweed Red-flowered Fever-root Round-leaved Sun-dew Red-root Red Elm Rush, slender Rough-headed Rush Rush, rough-headed Rush, field Red Maple Red-bud Round-leaved Winter- green Red-bud Rose, small wild Rose, swamp . Raspberry, red-fruited Red-fruited Raspberries Raspberry, black Raspberry, rose-flowering 234 Rubus, sweet-scented 234 S. Smooth Speedwell Scull-cap Speedwell Shawnees-wood Sage, lyre-leaved Sword-pointed Blue-eyed- grass 15 15 22 30 34 36 41 43, 64 44 44 45 60 66 70 72 87 87 88 106 115 116 126 151 170 170 170 171 185 198 202 207 231 231 232 232 233 Schollera, grass-leaved 24 Short-leaved Xyris . 97 Sheathed Dulichium 29 Scirpus, autumnal . 34 Spreading Muhlenbergia 39 Sickle-grass . . 41 Sweet-scented Vernal-grass45 Sweet Anthox . 45 Slender Paspalum . 52 Slender-spiked Beard-grass 56 Salem-grass . - 58 Spear-grass, common 60 Spear-grass, rough-stemmed 60 Slender Meadow-grass 62 Short-leaved Fescue-grass 67 Sky-blue Houstonia 84 Swamp Dogwood . 87 Skunk Cabbage . • 92 Skunk-weed . • 92 Skunk Cabbage, narrow- spathed . . 92 Scorpion-giiiss, mouse-ear 100 Scorpion-g^ass, field 100 Scorpion-gi ass, Virginia 1101 Scarlet Pimpernel 106 Spotted-stemmed Phlox 107 Spotted-stalkedLychnidea 107 Stramonium Sun-dew, round-leaved Sun-dew, long-leaved Summer-grape Spindle-tree St. John's-wort-leaved Dog's-bane Syrian Swallow-wort . Silk-weed Swallow-wort, Syrian Soap wort Gentian Spreading Orache . Salt-wort . Slippery Elm Sugar-berry Tree Stag-horn Shumach Smoodi Shumach . Shumach, stag-horn . Shumach smooth . Shumach, poison . Shumach, swamp Swamp Shumach . i Sarsaparilla I Spikenard 111 116 116 117 127 130 131 131 131 134 148 150 151 151 153 153 153 154 154 154 154 156 156 250 INDEX TO THE Shot-bush . .156 Spider-wort, Virginian 160 Star-grass . .164 Star of Bethlehem . 165 Superb Lily . 166 Sessile-leaved Bell-wort 167 Solomon's Seal, many-flow- ered . . . 168 Sweet-flag . . 169 Soft-rush . . .169 Small Bull-rush . 169 Slender Rush . . 170 Swamp Poke . 173 Star-wort, drooping . 173 Sheeps'-Sorrel . . 176 Shrubby Oenothera . 182 Sun-drops . . 182 Shrubby Tree-primrose 182 Scollop-leaved CEnothera 182 Swamp Maple . 185 Scarlet Maple . .185 Silver-leaved Maple . 185 Soft Maple . . 185 Scarlet Knot-weed . 188 Spice-wood . . 192 Spice-berry . . 192 Swamp Whortle-berry 196 Sugar Huckle-berries . 196 Sweet-scented Andromeda 198 Small Laurel . . 200 Spotted-leaved Pippsisse- wa .. . 204 Senna, American or wild 205 Sensitive plant, wild . 206 SalladTree . . 207 Saxifrage,early . 208 Saxifrage, large . . 208 Soapwort, officinal . 209 Snapdragon Catchfly . 212 Star-wort, oval-leaved 212 Star-wort or Stichwort, long-leaved, grass-leaved 213 Star-wort orStich\vort,bog213 Sand-wort, thyme-leaved 214 Spurrey, Corn . .214 Spurrey, pearl-wort . 214 Small Wild-rose . 231 Swamp-rose . . 231 Sweet-briar -. . 231 Small-leaved Raspberry 233 Strawberry, wild . 237 Strawberry, garden . 237 T. The d'Europe • s Tall Veronica . • 6 Two-edged blue-eyed-grass'23 Tall Bull-rush . . 33 Three-sided Rush . 34 Timothy-grass . • 46 Two-edged Panic-gra9s 48 Two-colouredFeather-grass 54 Timothy, white . 58 Tall Fescue-grass . . 66 Three-flowered Hair-grass 77 Teasel, wild . .81 Three-petalled Goose-grass 81 Three-leaved Buck or Bog- bean . . 104 Thorn-apple . . Ill Tinkers' (Dr.) Weed 115 Touch-me-not, pale flower- ed . . 119 Touch-me-not, fulvous flowered . 119 Toad-flax, bastard . 129 Thorny Aralia . .156 Two-leaved Convallary 167 Three-leaved Nightshade, drooping . 175 Tree Primrose, evening 181 Tall Persicaria . . 188 Tear-thumb, arrow-leaved 189 Tear-thumb, halbert-leav- ed . . . 189 Tea-berry . 194 Two-leaved Bishop's cap* 209 Thyme-leaved Sandwort 214 Thimble-berry . . 233 U. Upright Bent-grass . 42 Umbelled Pennywort 137 Upright Knot-grass . 186 V. Virginian Speedwell . 6 Virginian Hedge-hyssop 8 Virginian Iris . 20 Virginian Cotton-grass . 36 Virginian Rice-grass . 41 Vernal-grass, sweet-scented 45 Virginian Rye-grass . 72 Virginian Plantane . 89 Virginian Scorpion-grass 101 ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES. 251 Virginian Water-leaf . 103 Violet . . 119 to 125 Virginian Flax . . 157 Virginian Spider-wort . 160 Virginian Bennet or Avens 234 W. Water Hore-hound, Ameri- can . . 12 Water Hore-hound, oak- leaved ... 12 Waved-stemmed Xyris . 25 White Bog-rush . . 25 White-grass . . 41 Water Panic-grass . 48 White Timothy . 58 Wire-grass . . 59 Wild Teasel . . 81 Wild Madder . . 82 Way-bread . . 88 Witch-hazel . . 92 Water-leaf, Virginian . 103 Wild Potatoe-vine . 107 Wild Pink . . 108 Woody Nightshade . 109 Winter Cherry, Pennsyl- vania . . . 110 White Moth-mullein . 112 Wild Honey-suckle . 113 Wild Coffee . . 115 White Gentian . .115 Winter Grape . . 117 Wax-work . . 128 Wild Cotton . . 131 Wild Carrot . . 131 Wild Parsnip . . 140 Wild Angelica . • 140 White Elm . . 150 Wild Sarsaparilla . 156 Wild Liquorice . . 156 Winter Berry . . 161 Wild Garlic . . 162 Wampee . . 163 Wild Asparagus . . 168 Water Lilies . . . 177 Water Plantane . . 177 Willow-herb, angle-stem- med . . 183 Willow-herb, linear-leaved 183 White Maple . . 185 Water-pepper Knotweed 187 Wild Allspice . . 192 Winter-green . 194 Whortle-berry, low or bushy . . . 194 Whortle-berry, black 196 Whortle-berry, climbing 196 Whortle-berry, swamp 196 Woolley Bird's-nest . 201 Winter-green, round-leav- ed . . 202 Winter-green . . 203 Wild Senna . . 205 Wild Sensitive-plant . 206 Wild Indigo . . 206 Wild Hydrangea . . 207 Wild Pink . . 210,211 Wild Rose, small . 231 White Bennet . . 235 Wild Strawberry . 237 X. Xyris, waved-stemmed . 25 Xyris, short-leaved . 97 Y. Yellow-flowered channel- grass ... 24 Yellow-flowering Rush . 25 Yellow Cyperus . 26 Yard-grass . . 71 Yellow Moth-mullein . 112 Yellow Bethlehem-star 162 Yellow Bird's-nest . 201 END OF VOL. I. >OT/: ^/r^b\^ ./' NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NLfl 023Eb70b 1 NLM023267061